"-> 'oo* '^ V* 4 -v * l^ )o. \L- r v ^ . COPIOUS AND CRITICAL ENGLISH-LATIN LEXICON; FOUNDED ON THE GERMAN-LATIN DICTIONARY OF DR. CHARLES ERNEST GEORGES. ',1 THE REV. JOSEPH ESMOND RIDDLE, M.A. OF ST. EDMUND HALL, OXFORD, AUTHOR OF " A COMPLETE LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY," &C. AND THE REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. RECTOR OF LYNDON, AND LATE FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. THIRD EDITION. LONDON LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND XONGMANS FRANCIS AND JOHN RIVINGTON. 1852. \* s* PREFACE. The work, now at length completed, has cost us many years of labour, — labour that has often seemed almost hopeless. A very slight inspection of it will show that it aims at a far higher standard of accuracy and completeness than any of its English prede- cessors. Indeed, it can hardly be said to have had any predecessor in its own kind ; for no English-Latin Dictionary hitherto published has even professed to give any account of the use of the words set down, their synonymical distinctions, the niceties connected with their employment by classical writers, with such remarks and cautions as a cursory glance at any important word in the following work will prove that it has at least attempted to supply. The title-page states that it is founded upon the German- Latin Dic- tionary of Dr. Charles Ernest Georges, of which the first edition was published at Leipsic in 1833; the third, in 1845. That work con- sists of two octavo volumes, usually bound together in one very thick volume of 1820 pages. Dr. Georges had a predecessor of great merit in Dr. Frederick Charles Kraft. As, however, the only edition of Kraft's Dictionary that we have consulted is the fourth edition (' re- modelled and enlarged 1 ), which appeared at Stuttgard in 1843, we cannot state exactly how far Dr. Georges is indebted to the earlier a2 IV PREFACE. editions of Kraft's work, which, in its present form, is the most copious of all the German-Latin Dictionaries, consisting of two very thick octavo volumes, which contain respectively 1426 and 1509 pages. Though we have occasionally consulted Kraft with benefit, we are decidedly of opinion that Georges is considerably superior to him in clearness of arrangement, and in the combination of sufficient fulness with a sound principle of selection ; nor do we hesitate to give the preference to Georges even on the ground of scrupulous accuracy, though the occasional instances of inaccuracy that we have detected in Kraft are very rare exceptions to the general character of his work. Dr. Muhlmann, who published a German- Latin Dictionary in 1845, is almost entirely dependent upon Georges. With respect to other helps, the ' Anti-barbarus ' of Krebs, Doder- lein's ' Synonymical Hand-book,' and Freund's ' Worterbuch der Latei- nischen Sprache,' have been our constant companions. We have also derived considerable assistance from Bonnell's ' Lexicon Quintilianeum;' and have often consulted with advantage Haase's notes to Reisig's ' Vorle- sungen,' Hand's ' Tursellinus,' and Kriiger's ' Grammatik der Lateiniachen Sprache. 1 Amongst other works, of which we have occasionally made use, we may mention Billerbeck's 4 Flora Classica,' Kraus's ' Medicinisches Lexicon,' Ernesti's i Lexicon Technologic Latinorum Rhetoricae/ with Crusius's ' Vollstandiges Worterbuch' to Csesar, and Billerbeck's to Cornelius Nepos. About 150 pages of the work were printed off before either of us became aware that the other was engaged in the same task, and was drawing his materials from the same sources. For that portion of the work Mr. Arnold alone is answerable. When a joint publication was resolved upon, the portion (A — 0), which Mr. Riddle had but recently sent to press, was withdrawn, and we exchanged the materials that each had prepared for the half which was to be executed by the other ; but, to speak generally, Mr. Arnold is responsible for the first half, from A to K (inclusive), and for the letter U ; Mr. Riddle, for the remainder. Mr. Arnold has to thank W. Fradersdorff, Esq., of the University of Berlin, for very useful assistance rendered to him during the progress of the work. Mr. Riddle has also some acknowledgements to make to the same gentle- man; and is still more indebted to his own brother, the Rev. John 8. Riddle, M.A., of Wadham College, Oxford. PREFACE. We are very conscious that the work is still far from perfect ; but we feel a just confidence, founded upon the excellence of Georges' Dictionary, and a consciousness of our own diligence, that it possesses the general merit of strict accuracy, and is the only English-Latin Dictionary that a student can consult with the reasonable hope of finding what he wants, and the certainty of being able to trust what he finds. A copious Dictionary of Proper Names, to complete the work, will be published separately. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. qs = aliquis. qd = aliquid. cs — alicujus. ci = alicui. qm r= aliquem. qain = aliquam. qo = aliquo. qa -=: aliqua. qrm — aliquorum. SgUr cs, ci, &c, alone = the gen. or dat. of a person. cs rei, ci rei = the gen. or dat., respec- tively, of a thing. aby = any body. athg = any thing. only rr commonly. esply = especially. fm = from. g. t. = general term. Jn. = the words are found in this connexion and order. inly = mostly. sts = sometimes. t. pr. = the proper word. wch = which. C. = Cicero. H. = Horace. L. =: Livy, iVjp.= Nepos. — Quintilian := Sallust. = Tacitus. Virgil The names of other authors are abridged in the usual way,— Ctes., T«\, Pftw., #c. When PZi«. stands without " Ep." ( = Epistles), the Natural History of the elder Pliny is meant. Auct.Herenn. — the autlior of the ' "Rhetor ica ad Herennium,' amongst Cicero's Works. Cod. Tfieod. \ = 6W5la in Greek characters).' ENGLISH -LATIN LEXICON. ABA ABH A. \\ Letter of the Alphabet, A. The letter A, A lite ra.— Short A, A brevis. Great A, A grandis (opp. min uta). To end in ihe letter A, in A literara exire (Q ) .—To learn one's A, B, C, (1) lit. alpha et beta dis- cere (Juv.), literarum nomina et contextus discere {their names in order). — (2)fj. prima elementa discere. •prim is elementis or Uteris imbui. A. ||' indefinite article: untranslated: but if it is to be intimated that the word is not to be under- stood definitely, aliquis is used: e.g. 'in the definition of a thing,' in definitione alicujus rei (in definitione rei would mean : of the thing already mentioned, or going to be mentioned). || A certain one, a particular in- dividual, though it is not necessary, or perhaps possible, to name it, quidam; e. g. ' A peasant did this,' hoc fecit rusticus quidam. || ' A ' is also transl. by quidam, when a particular individual is referred to a class: e. g. ' in the house of a host named Camelus,' in hospitis cujusdam, nomine Cameli, domo. ' Fabius a Pelignian,' Fabius, Pelignus quidam. || ' A Plato,' to express a man like Plato, a man of Plato's genius, &c. is gene- rally transl. by the plural : e. g. ' We speak of a Paul- lus, a Cato, a Gallus,' dicimus Paullos, Catones, Gallos. !l Often = such a one, is qui; e. g. who would not be favorably disposed to a king who &c 1 quis non ei regi faveret, qui &c. {with subj.) || Each, with numerals. 'A ' omitted, and a distributive numeral used: 'a day,' 'a month,' &c. mly singuli. singulis diebus, mensibus, &c. {but also quot diebus, mensibus, &c.) : in singulas horas, in singulos dies (but also in boras, in dies). — ' There were two hunts a day fjr the five days,' binae venationes per dies quinque. — ' A man,' mly omitted, and distributive num. used. ' Two acres a man were allotted to the common people,' bina jugera agri plebi dividebantur. — All to a man, ad unura omnes. \\ ' A' before the participial subst. is to be transl. by sup. :' ' to go a hunting,' venatum ire. ABAFT, || Stern, puppis. || Towards thestern, puppim versus. Phr in puppi sedere. ABANDON, relinquere (to leave behind in any way, whether deliberately or not). — derelinquere (to a. it deliberately, and care no more about it). — deserere (to a. what one ought not to give up). — dimittere (to give up what one cannot retain ; a property, one's freedom, a right, a man's acquaintance). — abjicere, deponere (what one does not find it good or profitable to retain; apian, intention, opinion, friendship, hatred, hope). — desistere qa re or de qa re (implies a sudden change of intention). — omittere (to give up ; let a thing go; a con- test, wrath, sorrow, fear, a plan, an opportunity). — destituere (to desert one in need, just when our assist- ance is expected). — Jn. relinquere et deserere; deserere et relinquere; destituere et relinquere. — Phr. affligere causam susceptam {a. and so ruin it); causam cs de- ponere: a causa cs recedere || Give oneself up to, ci rei se dedere ; studio cs rei se dedere or se tradere. Phr. voluptatibus se dedere or se tradere; servire, astrictum esse, deditum esse. || Renounce, (Vid.) ci rei renunciare. ABANDONED, perditus, &c. See Wicked. ABANDONMENT, ) either by the verbal substantives ABANDONING, ) fm the verbs under Abandon : relictio (C), derelictio (C), desertio (L.); dimissio, ab- jectio, depositio, cestitutio (C);— or, much more c-mly, by their past participles : the a. his friends, relicti (deserti, destituti) amici. ABASE, || Humble oneself, se demittere, se submittere; descendere (all three also fig.). Phr. se \ ad cs pedes sub-, de-mittere. || Depress; humble, minuere ; imminuere cs auctoritatem : elevare qm or cs auctoritatem. || A. myself to athg, prolabi ad qd, descendere ad qd, se projicere in qd. \\ Disgrace oneself, mimiere suam dignitatem. — se abjicere, se abjicere et prosternere. \\ A. one's eyes, oculos in terram demittere, dejicere ; oculos dejicere; vultum demittere ; terram intueri. before aby, oculos ci sub- mittere ; terram modeste intueri. ABASEMENT, lit. demissio, submissio. Partcp. ' The a. of Caius,' imminuta Caii auctoritas, dignitas. ABASH, pudorem ci injicere, incutere (t) — ruborem ci afferre (T.). — / am abashed, pudor sufFunditur mini : at athg, pudore afficior qa re. || Abashed, pudore suffusus, &c. See Ashame. ABATE, trns. H Lessen. Vid. || Bate. Vid.— || ixtr. minui, se minuere, and minuere ( V. Herzog ad Cces. B. G. iii. 12). — imminui (to be lessened in- wardly). — remitti: se remittere, and remittere only (to leave off; of rain, cold, a fever, &c). — levari, sublevari (to be lightened). — leniri, mitigari (to be softened ; miti- gated). A fever a.'s, febris levatur, conquiescit, de- crescit. — Phr. ira defervescit : sermo hominum refri- geratur. ABATEMENT, *remissio ; decessio de summa, or decessio only (C). — To make an a. *remittere de pretio indicato. — to make an a. of 10 per cent. *remissionem centesimarum denarum facere. \\ Lessening. Vid. ABBACY, *abbatis munus (his office). — *concessum abbati beneficium (his prebend or benefice). ABBESS, abbatissa (Hieron.). — *antistita virginum sacrarum — Virgo maxima (the title of the High-priestess of the Vestal Virgins). — (If the a. is a princess), regina abbatissa (as JEn. 1. regina sacerdos). ABBEY, *abbatia. ABBOT, abbas (Eccl. ).— archimandrite (a president of Monks. Sidon.). ABBREVIATE, imminuere (a word in pronouncing, as audisse for audivisse). || To write compendi- ously, notare; scripturae compendio uti; per notas scribere. See Abbreviation. See Shorten ; Abridge ; Contract. ABBREVIATION in writing, verborum nota ; (scripturae) compendium. — To write with a.'s, notare (opp. perscriberel. See Short-hand. ABDICATE, deponere. — an office, magistratum de- ponere; magistratu se abdicare (very seld. magistratum abdicare) ; magistratu or honore abire ; abscedere mu- nere (L. 9, 3); the dictatorship, dictatura se abdicare; a government, imperium deponere. ABDICATION of an office, abdicatio muneris (e. g. dictaturae) ; and Crcl. with abdicare se munere. ' Ton have driven Lentulus to an a. of his office,' Lentulum ut se abdicaret magistratu coegistis. ABED, Crcl. To be still a., nondum surrexisse; nondum cubitu or e lectulo surrexisse. ABERRATION, || Departure from the right way, declinatio. fm reason, aspernatio rationis. ABET, || A ssist, qm juvare or adjuvare (assist him, in qa re: seld. with infin.).—qm opera adjuvare in qa re facienda ; ci operam suam commodare ad qd (to assist him by one's services). — 1| Excite to, 8,-c. in- citare, excitare, concitare (rouse up, set into action). — instigare, stimulare, exstimulare (prick or spur on). — inflammare, incendere, accendere (inflame).— impellere, commovere. All qm or cs animum ad qd. See Excite. || Exhort, hortari, adhortari (qm ad qd, or with ut). ABETTOR, concitator (belli, seditionis, &c.).— im- pulsor (one who urges to an action).— qui adjuvat. ABEYANCE, spes succedendi. — in a. (of lands, fyc), vacuus. ABHOR, detestari qd or qm. — abominari qm or qd (shrink fm as ill-omened). — aversari qm or qd (turn fm with dislike, antipathy, &c). — abhorrere qm, qd, or a qa re (to shudder at).— animo esse aversissimo a qo. B ABH ABHORRENCE, aversatio (cs rei).— detestatio (cs rei ; Gell. not C). — animus aversissimus a qo. ABHORRENT, alienus a qa re {foreign to, irrecon- cilable with). — ci rei contrarius {opposed to). \\ To be utterly inconsistent luith, abhorrere a qa re [a persona hominis gravissimi abhorrere. C]. ABIDE, iNTR. § Dwell at, habitare (qo loco); domicilium or sedem ac domicilium habere ;qo loco). — degere, or degere vitam, vivereqoloco(^o live at) — with aby, in cs domo or apUd qm habitare — apud qm or in cs domo diversari (for a time, as a guest). — cum qo habitare {to live together). — commorari (to be stopping at or abiding for a time). || Remain, manere, per- manere. To a. by an agreement, stare pacto or con- venes : by a promise, promissis stare, by an opinion, in sen tentia sua manere, permanere, perseverare. by aby, ci non deesse, qm non deserere, destituere, &c. || Last, end tire, permanere, durare. ABIDE, trns. || Wait for a man's coming, cs ad- ventum exsuectare or praestolari (but cs adventum manere, Liu., is poetical). \\ Bear, endure. Vid. ABILITY, || Power, potentia (absolute power). — potestas (power derived fin legal authority). — copia (possibility of doing athg with convenience). — facultas (capacity ; possibility subjectively). \\ Mental power, ingenium (connate mental power, talents, genius) — sollertia (mental dexterity, practical genius). — docilitas (power of learning, of improving). — ingenii facultas (talent for a particular pursuit ; not talents collec- tively, which is ingenium). — facultas with gen. (poiver to do athg, e. g. to speak, dicendi). — I don' t give him credit for a. to accomplish something, qm qd efficere non posse duco (after Nep. Alcib. 7, 2). — || A.'s, mental powers collectively; ingenium, facilitates (Cic. de Invent. 1, 27, extr.); animi vis, virtus, hominis sollertia. To cultivate one's a.'s, animum men- temque excolere. To be a person of consider- able a.'s, ingeniosum esse, ingenio abundare. — || Riches. Vid. ABJECT, abjectus (flung away as worthless; hence (1) worthless, low, (2) dispirited); demissus (beaten down ; of one who has lost his spirit) ; summissus (sub- jected; hence submissive, servile, low-minded); humilis (low. opp. to altus); illiberalis (unlike a free man ; un- gentle manly, sordid). — Videndum est ne quid humile, stimmissum. molle, effeminatum, fractum, abjectumque faciamus (C. Cutil. 2, 1).— Jn. contemptus et abjectus. — perculsus et abjectus (in despair). A. poverty, gra- vissima paupertas ; summa egestas ; paupertas vel potius egestas ac mendicitas (Cic. Par ad. 6, 1, extr.). A. flattery, summissa adulatio (Quint. 11, I, 30). See Contemptible; Vile. ABJECTION (of mind), humilitas (loivness).— illibe- ralitas (feelings unworthy of a free man). — abjectio or demissio animi (C. despondency, despair). ABJECTLY, humiliter; illiberaliter; abjecte; de- mise See Syn. in Abject. ABJUDICATE, abjudicare ci qd (to deprive aby of athg by a judicial sentence). ABJURATION, Crcl. with verb or ptcp. meaning to abjure. His a. of his country, ejurata patria. ABJURE, abjurare (to deny upon oath that I owe it) — ejurare or ejerare (to renounce a thing with an oath: e. g. patriam, patrem, &c. Postaug.). — rennn- ciare ci rei (e. g. public life, publicis negotiis ; oysters for the rest of my life, ostreis in omnem vitam). ABLAQUEATION, ablaqueatio (the digging about the roots of a tree). ABLATIVE case, Ablativus casus (Q.); Latinus, sextus (Varro in Diom. p. 277, P.). ABLE (of persons), ingeniosus (fertile of new ideas). — sollers (dexterous in combining and working out ideas). — docilis (apt to learn and comprehend). — capax cs rei (Postaug.).— To be able, posse; cs rei faciendae facultatem habere. — He is able to do athg, nihil non efficere potest. ABLE-BODIED, valens, validus (strong, actively, opp. imbeciilus).— firmus (firm, immoveable ; strong, passively: opp>. imbeciilus, infirmus). — robustus (com- pact; strong, passively: opp. tener). Jn. firmus et robustus, valens et firmus ; robustus et valens. ABLENESS. See Ability. ABLEGATE, legare ; allegare (despatch on a mis- sion : qm ad qm or ci, in Africam : eo). — legatum mit- tere (to send as an ambassador). $gj§° Ablegare and amandare are, to send away, on some pretext or other, a person whom one wishes to get rid of. ABLEPSY. See Blindness. ABLUTION, ablutio (Macrob. Plin.), lavatio (PL), lotio (Vitr.), lotura (Plin.). To perform one's ablutions, (2) ABO lavari ; perlui (to bathe, wash oneself in a stream, Caes.). — manus, pedes, &c, lavare. ABNEGATION, infitiatio (the denial, esply of a debt). A. of the world, rerum humanarum contemptio et despicientia (C. Tusc. 1, 40, 95); of one's self, dolo- rum et laborum contemptio {utter disregard of pain and toil) ; animi moderatio (complete government of the mind). ABOARD. To go a., conscendere or ascender navem or in navem ; in fine weather, bona et cert§ tempestate conscendere. ABODE, domicilium (abode, as far as one is at home there). — sedes (as the fixed spot where one resides). — habitatio (dwelling-house or chamber, as long as one resides therein: hence also, lodging). See House. || Time of one's residence, commoratio, — static, mansio (opp. itio, decessio : implying a stay of som e length); habitatio (the dwelling at a place). A. in the country, rusticatio. || Make abode. See Abide. ABODE, ABODEMENT. See Bode, Bodeme . >*« I ess fu I, cassus (empty, hollow ; hence profitle 'labours). — inanis (empty, unsubstan- tial ; inanes co. 'ones). — irritus (invalidated; as good as undone, in inceptum ; labor). — Jn. vanus et irritus; ir.uus et vanus. To make a. attempts, operam perdere, or trustr lsumere, or conterere ; oleum et operam perdere. ABO ABS ABORTIVELY, || To n o p u rp o s e, frustra, nequid- quam, incassum. See Vain. ABOUND, || Have in great plenty, qa re abun- dare (qa" re redundare is, to have in too great plenty). — suppeditare qa re (to have an adequate supply, esply of means for an end. C. Cat. 2, 11, 25).— affluere (to abound; in pleasures, leisure, genius_, &c. C). — cir- cumfluere (eopiis, gloria, C). scatere (belongs to poetry and late writers). \\Be in great plenty, abundare, superesse (be in abundance) ; suppeditare (to be in sufficient quantity); circumfluere (qm circum- fluere, Curt.). Jn. circumfluere atque abundare. ABOUT, circum (prep, and adv. denotes (1) motion round a centre: circum axem se convertere; (2) motion from one to another of a number of objects: e. g. to send aby, circum amicos, circum insulas, &c. ; (3) position, entirely or partly, round an enclosed object : capillus cir- cum caput rejectus). — circa (prep, and adv. denotes proximity, considered as a point or points in an enclosing line or space, rather than as an extended portion of such l-ne or space. " Circum urbem commorari, est in con- clusa vicinitate versari; circa urbem, in propinqua re- gione, baud procul." Hand. Turs. ii. p. 50. Not used by Plaut. Ter. Lucr. Sallust, and seldom by Cic). \\Near- 1 in approximate statements, fere, ferme (two forms of same word: a., both of time and number; not as a loose statement, but of a statement believed to be as ac- I curate as possible or necessary). — circiter, circa, ad ! (a., of time and number; circiter as adv. and prep, with ace. Cic. never uses circa in this way, but Liv. Curt. , #c. do). — sub (with ace). — quinta. fere bora = in the j course of the fifth hour. Hand. — circiter eandam horam. I — A. noon, circiter or ad meridiem. A. the fourth part, circiter pars quarta. A. 500 were taken, ad quingentos capti sunt. A. Pompey's 'ays, circa Pompeium (Q.), circa Pompeii aetatem (PI a.). || Concerning, circa (with respect to: where earlier writers use in, de, ad, erga, &c. after negligens, assiduus. circa bonas artes i socordia, Tac. To be employed a., in qa, re versari. Later writers, circa qam rem versari. in qa re occu- patum esse). — de (after audire, dicere, judicare, scri- bere, &c. legatos de qa re mittere). — super (with abl. to write or do athg, super qa re, C. Tr> be sent, super qa re, C. Nep.). \\ To go or set a* ut athg, aggrSdi, conari, moliri, &c. See Begin Undertake. || To take aby a. the waist, qm medium complecti. What are you a.? quid agis? || To bring about, qd effi- cere; effectum dare or reddere. \\ About, before infin. | is to be translated by the partcp in rus. ABOVE. A) || Prep, super (a., opp. sub, subter). supra (opp. infra, a., with implied reference to some- thing below, used of position, not of motion). || Of de- gree, super (famosissima super ceteros ccena, Suet. super omnia, L.: with numerals, super octingentos et qundraginta ante annos, T.) — supra (supra modum; vires humanas ; fidem ; and with numerals, sociorum supra millia viginti, L.).— ante (ante alias pulchritudine insignis, L.). — praeter (nobilitatus praeter ceteros). — plus, amyllus (before numerals, quam being omitted, but the subst. not being placed in the abl., plus ducentos milites desidt-ravit: qui septingentos jam annos am- plius . . . nunquam mutatis legibus vivunt). Ex. eos super se collocuvit : domos super se ipsos concrema- verunt: supra terram est ccelum. \\Out-of; sese (Deus) extra omnem culpam posuit. Phr. To be a. aby, supra qm esse; superiorem esse qo; qm infra se positum habere. To be a. aby's praise, cs laudibus ma- jorem esse. A. a year, plus annum, or annum et eo diutius (e.g. to live with a person). A. forty years old, major quadraginta annis or annorum. natus est annos magis quadraginta; annum quadragesimum excessit (a year et quod excurrit belongs to late Lat.). To put . one thing a. another, rem alii anteponere. To honour aby a. all men, qm primo loco habere, ponere; qm praeter ceteros omnes colere. To have nobody a. one- self, neminem habere superiorem, priorem. B) || Adv. Supra (quae supra scripsi). || From abov* desuper , (vulnerare, protegere, Cces.). — supernr iium su- perne jugulo deligere, L. incessere, Cw ABOVE-MENTIONED, qd supra ^.ctum est; qd • supra dixi (not supra dictus or praedictus). ABOVE -WRITTEN, qd supra scriptum est; qd supra scripsi (not supra scriptus'» ABOVE, to be. \\ To be better stare. \\ To stand out from, exstare (ex ar ae.)- — II T° be «• doing athg, non eum esse qui qd fa t. You ought to be a. making pleasure your chief good temper.wtior esse debes, quam qui summum bonur -.voluptate ponas. The water is hardly a. the knees, aqua vix genua su- perat (L.). Let all be fair and a.-board, ne qua fraus, (3) ne quis dolus adhibeatur (C). nihil sit non apertum atque simplex. ABREAST, || To go abreast, pariter ire (Q. una pariterque cum equitibus accurrere {Hirt. Bell. Afr. 69). — una ire aequatis frontibus (after Virg ). Tha Phrygians were the first who drove two horses a., bigas primas junxit Phrygum natio (Plin.). Two horses yoked a. to a chariot, bijuges equi (V.). ABRADE, abradere. deradere (also, to make smooth by cutting away). — subradere (to shave off from beneath). — circumradere (to shave off all round). ABRASION, circumrasio (paring round, Plin.). ABREPTION, raptus (virginis, forcible abduction, C). — ereptio (opp. emptio, C). ABRIDGE, contrahere (to draw in; orationem, C). — in angustum cogere (commentarios, S.).— amputare (to prune away superfluities, narrationem). — praecidere (to cut at the end: to cut short ; a speech, fyc). — minuere (to lessen: e. g. power, authority, expenses) .— imminuere (to lessen, arid so weaken, libertatem, C); detral.ere qd de qa re. breve qd facere. ad justam brevita'em revo- care. To show how the labour of teaching may be abridged, brevia docendi monstrare compendia (Q.). || To abridge a work, in angustum cogere in epito- men cogere (A us.). To a. a voluminous author, qm per multa volumina diffusum epitome circumscribere. re- digere (= 'reduce,' with ad before the size to which the work is reduced: hosce ipsos ad vi. libros redegit Diophanes, Varr.). See Lessen. ABRIDGEMENT, \\ Of a book, epitome.— summa- rium (about Seneca's time, breviarium, Ep. 39, 1). — electa (selections). — excerpta (extracts). To publish an a. in six volumes of the whole of Dionysius's voluminous work, totum Dionysium, per multa diffusum volumina, sex epitomis circumscribere (Colum.). \\A lessening, imminutio (e. g. dignitatis, C). — deminutio (a lessen- ing by subtraction, of liberty, taxes, #c). ABROAD, foris (out of a place ; out of doors ; foris ccenare, to dine a. or out). — peregre (in another country: e. g. habitare, to live a.). To go abroad, (1) ap- pear in public, in publicum prodire or procedere. See 'Get abroad,' 'Come abroad.' (2) visit fo- reign c ou n tries, peregre proficisci. Tobeabroad, (1) to be in a foreign country, peregrinari. (2) not to understand, qd nescire, ignorare. cs rei ignarum esse, in qa. re non multumintelligere (eg in statues, pictures), in qa re rudem esse, cs rei rudem or imperitum, or rudem et imperitum esse, in qa re peregriuum atque hospitem esse. To returm from a., peregre redire. || To publish athg a., qd foras proferre ; in apertum proferre, divulgare. To be spread a. far and wide, late longeque diffundi. To get a., emanare (to leak out, of secrets). To be generally talked a., omnium sermone celebrari. ABROACH. To set a cask a., dolium relinere (opp. to oblinere. to fasten it up with pitch or resin). ABROGATE abrogare (to abolhh by the authority of the people). — derogare legi or qd de lege (of a partial abolition: but sis with ace. for abrogare, Ochsner). — obrogare legi (to repeal it wholly or in part by a sub- sequent enactment). ABROGATION, abrogatio (legis, C); derogatio, ob- rogatio. See Syn. in Abrogate. ABRUPT, abruptus (of what sinks suddenly and per- pendicularly). — praeruptus (abruptly steep; but rough and craggy). || Fig. Sudden, subitus. repentinus. non ante provisus, improvisus, &c. See Sudden. An a. style, abruptus sermo. abruptum sermonis genus (obscure from over-conciseness and want of connexion). An a. beginning, abruptum initium (the vehement im- petuous beginning of an oration). ABRUF 1TON, abruptio (the breaking off: e.g. corri- giae). — avulsio (the tearing off). ABRUPTLY, abrupte. praerupte. Syn. in Abrupt. || Suddenly, subito. repente, derepente, repentino, nee opinato, &c. See Suddenly. ABRUPTNESS, No one word, except when celeritas, &c. may do. It may generally be translated by on adj. or ado. — The a. of his departure, repentma, necopinata, &c. ejusprofectio. With a., abrupte, &c. ABSCESS, ulcus (general term for a suppurating wound). — apostema, fttis. abscessus (abscess). — I hate an a. under my tongue, sub lingua aliquid abscedit. ABSCISSION, desectio. resectio (general terms).— amputatio (pruning). ABSCOND, delitescere, abditum latere, in occulto se continere, abditum et inclusum in occulto latere (to lie hid). — se abdere. se abdere in occultum (to hide oneself). — se occultare ci or a conspectu cs (to hide from a person).— clam se subducere. 6e subtrahere. ABS ABU ABSENCE, absentia. — In his a., dum qs abest; ab- sente qo, or absens (in agreement with the person meant : in absentia or per absent^am cs, Curt. Just, should not be imitated). Leave of Absence. See Furlough. i| A. abroad, peregrinatio. § A. of mind, ''animus vari^tate rerum diductus. *animus alienis rebus dis- tentus (i. e. distracted with, other thoughts). ABSENT, absens. — To be a., abesse loco or ex loco. — to be a. abroad, peregrinari. || Fig. To be a., aninio excurrere et vagari. — / was a. when I did it, *aliud eogitans feci. ABSENT ONESELF. || Withdraw oneself, se amovere. a re qa recedere, or se sevocare, seremovere. — To a. oneself {for a time) from the forum, senate- house, foro, senatu carere. || Not to appear, non comparere. in conspectum non venire. — domi or domo se tenere (keep myself at home). ABSOLUTE, \\ Complete, absolutus, perfectus. Jn. absolutus et perfectus. perf. atque abs. expletns et perfectus. perfectus cumulatusque. perfectus comple- tusque. — perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus. || Unconditional, simplex, absolutus, mly together; simplex et absolutus (opp. cum adjunc- tione : e. g. necessity, necessitudo, C). — To pay a. obe- dience, ci sine ulla exceptione parere. || Unlimited, inrinitus {not terminated). — summus {the highest). A. power, infinita or summa potestas. A. sovereignty, im- perium summum, quum dominatu unius omnia te- nentur. quum principis arbitrium, or libido regis, pro legibus est (v. Just. 1, 1, 2, and 2, 7, 3). — dominatio A. necessity, summa or extrema necessitas. || Not relative, considered in itself, simpliciter et ex sua vi consideratus (v. C. Invent. 2, 33, 102). The Absolute, in philosophy, id quod semper est simplex et uniusmodi, et tale, quale est. ABSOLUTELY, || Completely, perfecte. absolute (without defect). — plane, prorsus, omnino (quite). || Un- conditionally, sine adjunctione. sine exceptione (without condition or exception). \\In an unlimited mann er, arbitratu suo (according to his own judgement). — libidine or ex libidine (hy his own arbitrary will). || Separately, per se. simpliciter, et ex sua vi. ABSOLVE, || Of Judges, propr. et impropr. : absol- vere; from athg, cs rei (e. g. injuriarum, capitis, &c), or, with reference to athg, qa re, de qa re (e. g. de regni suspicione; de praevancatione). — exsolvere, fm athg, qa. re (e. g. suspicione).— liberare, fm athg, qa. re (dis- charge). — To be absolved, liberatum discedere. inno- centem or innoxium absolvi. ex judicio emergere. || Of priests, *peccatorum veniam et impunitatem promittere Dei nomine. *fatentibus peccataremittere. To a. one under Church censures, *qm resacrare (? Nep. Alcib. 6). ABSOLUTION, \\ Acquittal, absolutio, of a per- son, cs ; of a crime (cs rei). — liberatio (fm athg, cs rei). || Forgiveness of sins, pcense meritaeremissio (S.); veniae pronuntiatio, *veniapeccatorum. — To pronounce a., veniae pronuntiationem facere (?), *peccatorum veniam et impunitatem promittere Dei nomine. — To receive a., *peccatorum veniam impetrare. To receive priestly a. (of a person under Church censures), *per sacerdotem resacrari (Icomp. Nep. Alcib. 6). ABSONANT ; ABSONOUS, absbnus (a re qa or ci rei). See Contrary. ABSORB, absorbere (swallow up athg, whether dry or liquid).— exsorbere (to suck up).— devorare (of solids). — exhaurire (to absorb part of a larger body). — Fig. to occupy the whole of, absorbere (e.g. of a speech; a man's attention). To be absorbed in a business, in negotio qo versari. negotio implicatum esse : to be absorbed in business, occupatissimum esse, multis ne- gotiis (occupation ibus) implicitum esse, valde nego- tiosum esse, multis occupationibus distineri. — The interest a.'s the capital, usurae sortem mergunt (L.). || To appropriate to oneself, exsorbere (e. g. the booty, preedas). || To a. a colour, colorem bibere, imbibere (to drink it in). ABSTAIN, abstinere or se abstinere (a) re. — se con- tinere a re (to hold oneself back fm athg). — temperare sibi quominus &c, temperare (sibi) a qa re (restrain oneself: not temperare ci rei, which is, to restrain athg within limits. Temperare qa re is not Lat., for in Liv. 30, 20, risu is the dat.). — To a. fm food, se abstinere cibo; fm fighting, supersedere pugna or prcelio ; fm tears, lacrimas tenere, temperare a lacrimis (Virg.: temperare lacrimas, to moderate them, Liv.); fm laugh- ter, risum tenere or continere; fm a person's society, cs aditum sermonemque defugere ; fm committing in- jury and wrong, at> injuria atque maleficio temperare, or se prohibere.— Not to be able to a. fm, sibi tempe- (4) rare or se continere non posse (followed by quin) : a se impetrare non posse quin. ABSTEMIOUS. See Abstinent. An a. man, homo moderatus, temperans. An a. life, vita moderata, modica, temperata. ABSTEMIOUSLY [Syn. in Abstinence], moderate, modeste, temperanter, continenter. To live a., con- tinentem esse in omni victu cultuque. ABSTEMIOUSNESS, > modeiatio (the avoiding upon ABSTINENCE, J principle of the too much, as an action). — temperantia (general and habitual self- government).— continentia (opp. to libido, command over all sensual desires). — modestia (*'* an habitual preference of the modus or true mean : the three last words are qualities). — abstinentia (command over the desire for what is another's). — Jn. temperantia et moderatio. mo- deratio et continentia. continentia et temperantia. — Cic. Off. 3. 26, hos, moderatio continentiae et temperantiae. ABSTINENT, moderatus (seld ), modicus. — modes- tus. — temperans, temperatus. — continens. Jn. mode- ratus ac temperans. temperatus moderatusque. con- tinens ac temperans. Syn. in Abstinence. ABSTINENTLY. See Abstemiously. ABSTRACT, v. || Trns. to separate in the mind, cogitatione separare. mente et cogitatione distinguere. animo contemplari qd. avocare se a corpore, et ad rei cogitationem cura omni studioque rapi (all Cic). — 1| To lake away fm, abstrahere, &c. See Take away. || Reduce to an epitome, in angustum or in epi- tomen cogere. || Intr. to abstract fm: i. e. take no notice of, put aside, mittere, omittere, missum facere. Abstracting fm all these, remotis his omnibus; ut haec omnia sileam or taceam. ABSTRACT, adj. sevocatus a sensibus. abductus a consuetudine oculorum. ab aspectus judicio remotus. — An a. notion, *notio rei a materia sejunctae et sim- plicis. *notio sola mente percipienda. || Abstruse, abstrusus (hard to comprehend). In the abstract, cogitatione (opp. re, in the concrete, C. Tusc. 4, 11, 24). To cultivate habits of a. thought, animum or aciem mentis a consuetudine oculorum subducere. mentem ab oculis, a sensibus sevocare. animum ad se ipsum, advo-are. animum a corpore abstrahere or secernere. ABSTRACTION, || The power of a., animum a corpore abstrahendi vis (aft. C. Somn. Scip. 9). ABSTRACT, || Epitome, epitome, summarium. — later breviarium. || Extract, e. g. from plants, dilu- tum (e. g. absinthii). || Sum of many things, contain- ing all in one l , summa. summa summarum (Plaut. Lucr. Sen.). ABSTRUSE, abstrusus, obscurus, occultus, involu- tus, occultus et quasi involutus. Profound and a. learning, literae non vulgares, sed quaedam interiores et reconditae. A somewhat a. discussiu?i, disputatio paulo abstrusior (C). ABSTRUSELY^ obscure. ABSTRUSENESS, obscuritas. ABSURD, insulsus ( = insalsus). — absurdus (foolish, senseless).— ineptus (= in-aptus, without tact and pro- priety). — inficetus (opp. facetus. — All three of men and things). — fatuus (weak, foolish, of persons). — Jn. ineptus et absurdus. So?newhat a., subabsurdus. Very a., per- absurdus. — To be a., ineptire. nugari, nugas agere. || Contradictory to reason, rationi repugnans. To be a., rationi fepugnare. ABSURDITY, insulsitas, absurditas, fatuitas. Syn. in Absurd. \\ An absurdity, res insulsa, absurda, inepta, inficeta. — ineptiae, nugae. — deliramentum (a piece of mad a.). ABSURDLY, inepte, absurde, inficete, insulse. || Foolishly, fatue, stulte, stolide. || Childishly, pueriliter. Somewhat a., subabsurde. Very a., per- absurde. ABUNDANCE, abundantia, affluentia (the having somewhat more than one uses). — ubertas (a large su; ply, without reference to what is required). A. of provisions, copiae (Cces. B. G. 1, 30). A. of goods, suppeditatio bonorum. A. of all things, omnium rerum abundantia, affluentia. affluentes omnium rerum copiae. Also Jn. saturitas copiaque. \\To have abundance. See Abound. ABUNDANT, abundans, affluens, copiosus (e. g. patrimonium). — uber (e. g. produce, fructus). — opimus (e. g. harvest, messis). We have a. reasofi to complain, justissime or jure optimo querimur. non sine causa querimur. justissima est causa cur queramur, or que- rendi. To reap an a. harvest, large condere. i As in 'the abstract of all faults,' Shak., 'the abs- tract of them all,' Dryd. ABU ACC ABUNDANTLY, abunde, satis superque (more than enough: denote a quality). — abundanter (in an abun- dant manner). — cumulate (in heaped up measure). — pro- lixe, effuse (in super-abundance). Jn. prolixe effuse- que. large eft'useque.— A. furnished with athg, libe- raliter instructus qa re. ABUSE, v. || Use improperly, qa re perverse uti or abuti. — immodice, inteirperanter, iusoleuter, insolenter et immodice abuti qa re (to exceed the limits of modesty or moderation in using athg: e.g. cs indulgentia, pati- entia. — Fm the context, abuti qa re may do alone, but its real meaning is only to use copiously). To a. to or for a thg, ad qd. \\ Abuse the person, qa. abuti. \\To rail at, convicium ci facere. qm conviciis consectari, incessere. ci maledicere. qm maledictis insectari. maledicta in qm dicere, conferre, conjicere. probris et maledictis qm vexare. maledictis or probris qm incre- pare. maledictis qm Agere, contumeliosis verbis qm prosequi. — To a. aby through thick and thin, omnibus maledictis qm vexare. omnia maledicta in qm con- ferre. To a. aby in his absence, ci absenti maledicere. contumeliose dicere qd de qo absente. qm absentem dente maledfco carpere. ABUSE, s. || The improper use of alhg, *usus, or abusus, perversus (a perverse use). — *usus, or abusus, immodestus, intemperans, insolens (a use exceeding the bounds of propriety. — Fm the context, abusus alone might do, though it means only the using up of athg). || Improper custom; mos pravus (agst correct and established custom). — quod contra jus fasque est (agst human and divine laws). An a. prevails, percrebrescit mos pravus (T. Ann. 15, 19, init.): to remove abuses, ♦mores pravos or ea quae contra jus fasque sunt ab- olere. \\ Railing language, maledictum (any in- jurious word). — convicium (any abusive word). — pro- brum (any attack on another's honour). To heap a. on aby, or load aby with a., omnibus maledictis qm vex- are ; omnia maledicta in qm conferre. ABUSER, || One who uses improperly, homo perverse (perversely), immodice, intemperanter, inso- lenter, insolenter et immodice qa re abutens. ABUSIVE, contumeliosus (injurious to a man's hon- our). — probrosus (the same; but implying a violent outbreak in words). — maledicus (using injurious words). An a. word, vox contumeliosa ; verbum contume- liosum. An a. lampoon, carmen probrosum. ABUSIVELY, contumeliose, turpiter. — maledice. ABUT on, finitimum, vicinum, confinem ci esse (esply of a nation bordering on another). — adjacere, im- minere ci terrae ; tangere, attingere, contingere terrain (esply of adjoining territories; the latter implying a consequent friendship). ABUTTING on, finitimus, confinis (having a com- mon boundary). — conjunctus ci loco (locally connected with). — continens ci loco or cum qo loco (joining it). ABYSS, infinita or immensa altitude — vorago (a.: chasm). — gurges (whirlpool). — barathrum (is a poet, ex- pression). — profundum (with or without maris; a. of the sea). || Fig. Manifest overwhelming dan- ger; vorago. pestis, pernicies. To plunge into an a. of danger, ad pestem ante oculos positam proncisci. in praeceps ruere. ACACIA, Acanthus (the Egyptian Ac. Mimosa Nilotica. Linn.). ACADEMIC, academicus (properly, relating to the Academia, and consequently to the school of Aristotle). ACADEMICIAN, *academiae socius. ACADEMY, \\ Association of learned men, academta. To be chosen member of an a., academiae socium adscribi. || School, schola (as a place where instruction is given in the sciences). — ludus discendi or literarum (a place where young people are taught to read and ivrite). ACCEDE, accedere ci rei or ad qd (e. g. to a plan; opp. abhorrere a re). — astipulari ci; sentire cum qo (assent to). — qd probare (to approve of).— annuere (ab- sol. or with ace. ; to nod assent). To a. to an opinion, sententias assentiri. sententiam accipere (to receive it favorably). To a. to aby's opinion, cs sententiam assensione comprobare (approve of it). — cs sententiam sequi (10 follow it). — ad cs sententiam accedere (a. to). — ire, pedibus ire, discedere, concedere, transire in cs sententiam (to a. to an opinion; of a senator passing to the side of him whose opinion he supports; transire implying that a different opinion was at first enter- tained). Not to a. to an opinion, sententiam repudiare. abhorrere a re. assensum cohibere a re. se ab assensu sustinere. assensum retinere). To a. to a league, ad societatem accedere or se applicare. ACCELERATE, accelerare qd (to endeavour to bring (5) alhg about quickly). — maturare qd, or with inf. (not to put off alhg which should be done now ; but admaturare is only = to bring athg to maturity. Cces. B. G. 7, 54). — repraesentare qd (to execute athg without delay ; even before the time). — praecipitare qd (to a. it too much). To a. his departure or journey, maturare or accelerare iter, properare proncisci (to hasten to set out).— mature proncisci (to set out in good time). To a. one's arrival, maturo venire. To a. one's ruin, maturare sibi exitum. To a. a man's ruin, praecipitantem impellere. ACCELERATION, acceleratio, maturatio (both in Auct. ad Herenn.). ACCENT, v. || In pronunciation, certum vocis admovere sonum. cum sonoquodam vocis pronuntiare. || In writing, apponere syllabae notam or apicem (the last, if it is long). ACCENT, s. || In pronunciation, vocis sonus (C.).— accentus, tenor (Q.).— tonus (Nigid. ap. Gell. 13, 25). Acute a., sonus vocis acutus. || In writing, vocis nota (Gell. 13, 6). — apex (the mark of a long syll., but different from the circumflex. Spald. Quint. 1, 5, 23). To place an a. See Accent, v. ACCENTUATE. See Accent, v. ACCENTUATION, voculatio (Nigid. ap. Gell.).— accentus (Gell.). ACCEPT. A) Propr. || To receive something offered, accipere. — money fm aby, pecuniam a qo (also to allow oneself to be bribed). || To tmdertake, sus- cipere. recipere (the former, esply, of free will; the latter, on being asked. Both of accepting an office, &c). — not to a. athg (e. g. an office), deprecari munus. B) Impropr. II Approve of; am satisfied with; ac- cipere (a. it).— probare (approve of it).— admittere (per- mit, approve). — agnoscere (acknowledge: e.g. praise, honour). A. an invitation, *pi omittere se venturum esse ; an invitation to dine with aby, promittere ad coenam, or promittere ad qm (not condicereci, which is, to invite myself to dine with aby). — Not to a. an offered honour, oblatum honorem respuere ; an offer of battle, pugnam detrectare. To a. aby as bail, qm vadem accipere. To a. a proposal or terms, conditionem acci- pere. ad conditionem accedere or (after long consider- ation) descendere (opp. conditionem respuere, repu- diare, or aspernari). To a. it very gladly, *conditionem cupidissime accipere ; without hesitation, »non dubito accipere quod defertur: not to a. the proposals of peace, pacis conditiones dimittere. The conditions of peace are accepted, pacis conditiones conveniunt: to a. an excuse, excusationem or causam or satisfactionem (a justification) accipere. la. your explanation or excuse, valet apud me excusatio tua. || Approve and fol- low. To a. advice, consilium accipere ; to a. consolation, consolationem suscipere. To act towards a per- son with partial regard, cs rationem habere. Not to a. the persons of men, nullius rationem habere, delectum omnem et discrimen omittere. auctoritates omittere. ACCEPTABLE, acceptus (gladly received, welcome). — gratus (causing in us a feeling of obligation fin its value to us). — jucundus (causing in us the feeling of delight).— suavis, dulcis, mollis (s. d. sweet, m. soft; agreeably affecting the mind. All these of persons and things). — carus (dear). — dilectus (valued, beloved), gra- tiosus ci or apud qm (high in his favour). An a. time, commodum tempus. opportunum or idoneum tempos. — Very a., pergratus, perjucundus. To be a., jucun- dum esse, placere (both of persons and things). ACCEPTABLENESS, jucunditas, gratia, dulcedo, suavitas. See Syn. in Acceptable. ACCEPTABLY, jucunde, suaviter. \\At the right time, opportune, peropportune. ACCEPTANCE, acceptio.— comprobatio (impropr. approval). — A. of bail or security, satisacceptio (Pompon. Dig. 45, 1, 5). ACCEPTATION. See Meaning. ACCESS, \\ Approach, as place, aditus. To close every a., omnes aditus claudere, intercludere, preeclu- dere. omnes aditus obstruere (to block up). || Means or liberty of appr oa ching, aditus. — To have a. to athg, habere aditum ad qd. aditus ci ad qd patet. To debar aby fm a., aditu qm prohibere. aditum ci inter- cludere. Easy of a., ad qm faciies sunt aditus. He is easy of a., aditus ad eum est iacilis. eum adire possunt omnes. He is easy of a. to private individuals, faciies aditus (sunt) ad eum privatorum. He is difficult of a., aditus ad eum sunt difliciliores ; convenientibus est ditiicilis; rari est aditus. To give a. to, patefacere ci aditum ad qd. To obtain a. to athg, aditus sibi com- parare ad qd. || Increase, addition. See Ac- cession. [| Return or fit of a distemper, accessio ACC ACC (febris, &rc). — novas tentationes (morbi, &c. relapses, opp. to vetus morbus. Cic. Alt. 10, 17, 2). ACCESSIBLE, patens, facilis accessu (of places). — ad qm facile* sunt aditus (of persons). To be a., patere (of places: for persons, See ' easy of access,' under Ac- cess). To render athg a. to aby, aditum ci dare ad qd ; patefacere ci aditum or viam ad qd. He is a. to flat- terers, aliquem or facilem aditum ad aures cs adulatores habent. ACCESSION, accessio (both a. in the abstract; and the added portion, or a. in the concrete). — incrementum (increase). A.'s of fortune and dignity, accessiones et fortune et dignitatis (C). To receive a.'s, crescere, ac- crescere, augeri. increments augescere. cumulus ac- cedit ci rei. To receive large a.'s, magnus cumulus accedit ci rei. They were constantly receiving fresh a.'s, augebatur illis copia. \\ Act of joining a party, &c. Crcl. with verb. Your a. to our party, quod tu in partes nostras transiisti, or te nobis adjunxisti, &c. || Time of arriving at: e.g. accession to the throne, initium regni (beginning of reign) ; or by Crcl. with regnare coepisse, &c. The day of his a., dies quo reg- nare primum coepit. ACCESSORY, adj. See Additional. ACCESSORY, s. cs rei or ci rei affinis (e.g. facinori, noxae, &c). — conscius. — correus (a legal term for one put on his trial at the same time on the same charge. Ulpian). — particeps cs rei (e.g. conjurationis) — socius (e. g. sceleris). HggT These words do not express an ac- cessory as opposed to a principal. See Accomplice. ACCIDENCE, grammatices elementa (Q.). He is learning his a., primis elementis or literis imbuitur. ACCIDENT, || Accidental occurrence, casus, res fortuita. Generally to be translated by v.: it was an a., casu factum est. By a., forte (by chance; without particular stress on the chance). — casu (by chance; opp. consulto). — fortuito, i'ortuitu (by mere chance; opp. causa). Jn. casu et I'ortuitu or fortuito ; temere (with- out previous reflection; implying that it would not have been done with it). — forte fortuna (by a lucky chance). To trust to the chapter of a.'s, rem in casum ancipitis eventus committere (to trust athg to chance). — casum potius quam consilium sequi (to trust to chance rather than counsel). It happened by a., &c, forte evenit ut. casu accidit ut. forte ita incidit ut. To mention athg by a., in mentionem cs rei incir.ere. || Accidents = non-essential properties, accidentia, pi. (rerum, &c. Q. ret (TvidL^efiryKOTa). ACCIDENTAL, fortuitus.— forte oblatus (accident- ally offered, as an opportunity). — in casu positus (de- pending on chance). — non necessarius (not necessary). — adventitius (not customarily added to it). The a. con- course of atoms, fortuitus concursus atomorum. ACCIDENTALLY. See 'By accident' under Accident ACCLAIM,?. See Acclamation. ACCLAMATION, acclamatio, clamores (accl. esply of the people shouting out in honour of a popular person, in the historians ; for in Cic. it means a shout of dis- approbation). Jn. plausus clamoresque. To receive athg with a.'s, plausu et clamore prosequi qd; with loud a.'s, magno clamore approbare qd. To receive aby with a.'s, acclamare ci (in C, to cry out against). To receive aby with loud a.'s, clamore et vocibus ci astrepere. With loud a.'s, cum plausibus clamoribus- que. ACCLIVITY, acclivitas (collis, Cats.). ACCLIVOUS, acclivus or acclivis (opp. declivis). ACCOMMODABLE, Crcl. with accommodari posse ad qd. ACCOMMODATE, Trns. accommodare qd ci rei or ad rem. facere or efficere ut qd congruat or conveniat cum re (to make athg agree with another). — To a. the expression to the thoughts, verba ad sensus accommo- dare. sententias accommodare vocibus. The thoughts are accommodated to the opinions and habits of men, sententiae aptae sunt opinionibus hominum et moribus. To a. a speech to the place, the circumstances, and per- sons, orationem accommodare locis, temporibus, et per- sonis. || To be conformable to. See Suit. |J Oblige aby in athg, accommodare ci de qa re (Cm?.). ACCOMMODATE, adj. See Suitable, Fit. ACCOMMODATING, obsequens (ready to comply with the wishes of another). — facilis (opp. difficilis, com- plaisant: easily brought to meet the wishes of others). — officiosus (ready to perform services). To be a. towards aby, cs voluntati morem gerere, obsequi. Know that you are a great deal too a., te esse auricula infima. mol- liorem scito (C). The liberality and a. spirit of the (6) magistrates, liberalitas atque accommodatio magistra- tuum (C). ACCOMMODATION, \\ Adaptation, accommo- datio ad qd. || C onvenience, Crcl. e. g. to be an a., utile esse, usui esse, exusuesse, utilitatem afferre, &c. ACCOMPANY, A) Propr. comitari qm or qd. comitem cs esse, comitem se ci dare, praebere, arijun- gere (to accompany as a companion). — prosequi qm or qd (to attend, for the purpose of testifying respect). — de- ducere (to attend, as a mark of respect, e. g. a Roman senator from his house to the forum ; or from the forum to his house ; also a bride to her new home). — sectari, assectari (to attach oneself to a superior, as one of his followers ; e. g. of scholars and dependants). — inter co- mites cs aspici (to be one of his companions). To a. aby to his residence, prosequi, deducere qm domum ; to be a.'d by a crowd, stipari (e. g. non usitata frequentia). — B) Impropr. II T o do or testify athg to a depart- ing friend, prosequi qm (e. g. with tears and good wishes, lacrimis votisque). To a. one's gift with obliging words, munus suum ornare verbis; a song with music, or music with the voice, vocem fidibus jungere. ad chordarum sonum cantare; a song with the lute, carmen formare cithara (s. Gierig. Plin. Ep. 4, 19, 1). To a. a singer with the flute, concinere ci pronuncianti: the horns which a. the lyre, cornua ea quae ad nervos resonant in cantibus. ACCOMPLICE, crimini affinis. — conscius (possess- ing a guilty knowledge). — corrgus (a legal term. Ulpian. in Pandect. The Cod. Just, uses ii, qui opem ci fla- gitio dederunt (4, 18, 8) ; ii, qui ministerium ad qd exhibuerunt). — To declare his a.'s, conscios edere; to conceal them, conscios celare. ACCOMPLISH, conficere (v.pr. e. g. its yearly course, cursus annuos; a task, negotium). — efficere, ad effec- tum perducere (e. g. cs mandata). — exsequi, persequi (to follow up to the end; e. g. negotia, cs mandata, im- perium). — peragere (to go through with, to employ one- self about it from beginning to end; e. g. consulatum). — ad exitum adducere, ad finem perducere (to bring athg to its end). — absolvere (to finish athg and have done with it). — perficere. \\ To fulfil, ratum esse jubere. || To be accomplished; of prophecies, &c, evenire, evadere, exitum habere. Our dreams are accomplished, somnia, or quae somniavimus, evadunt. ACCOMPLISHED (as partcp. v. Accomplish), || Possessing some elegant learning, tinctus literis. elegantiorum literarum studiosus or amans. — elegantiarum literarum intelligens. || It is accomplished, actum est. ACCOMPLISHER, confector, exsecutor, effector. See verbs under Accomplish. ACCOMPLISHMENT, || Completion, confectio, exsecutio, effectio. (See the verbs under Accomplish.) — 1| State of perfection, absolutio, perfectio. Jn. absoiutio perfectioque. || Accomplishments, ele- gantiores literee. ingenuae et humanae artes (but these phrases have a more extensive meaning than accom- plishmen ts) — humanitas (when spoken of collectively, as forming a character ; e. g. I value him on account of his a.'s). ACCORD, v. Intr., concinere (to be in tune with; to harmonize).— concordare (to have the same mind, but may be used of things). — consentire (to think the same thing, but may be used of things). — convenire, congruere (come together; hence agree, suit, fit). To a. tvtth aby or athg, cum qo or qa re concinere, consentire, congrut-re. To a. together, inter se concinere, concordare, &c. — Trns. || To accord ( = grant) a request, pieces cs audire, precibus cs cedere. See Grant. ACCORD, s. || Agreement, consensus, consensio, concentus, convementia. Syn. under Accord, v. With one a., uno ore (of exclamations, &c), omnium or communi consensu. Of one's own a., sponte (opp. casu or necessitate ; voluntarily). — sponte sua (opp. rogatus, provocatus, invitatus : quite oj one's own a.). — ultro (in an over-ready, unusual, or unaccountable mariner). — voluntate (opp. metu, invitus, coactus, willingly). ACCORDANCE. See Accord. ACCORDING AS, pro eo ut. generally prout (but not prouti, nor, in this meaning, pro eo ac or pro eo quod). — a. as the occasion requires, prout res postulat. Also by phrases with pro, ex, e : a. as each mail's cir- cumstances permitted, pro cujusque facultatibus ; a. as circumstances require ; a. as occasion may arise, pro re; pro re nata, pro tempore; ere; ex tempore; ex re et ex tempore. ACCORDING TO, ad or secundum (with ace; in agreement with). — ex (in consequence of ; of an action arising fin, or out of, something). — de (.proceeding fm). ACC ACC —pro {in proportion to ; for). To speak a. to truth, ad veritatem loqui ; a. to nature, secundum naturam; a. to the laws, secundum leges (opp. contra leges) ; a. to your opinion, ex sententia tua, or de sententia. tua: imperatores de omnium populorum sententia delecti. — a. to law, ex lege {as a consequence of, and in con- formity with, a particular enactment); a. to circum- stances, pro tempore et pro re; ex re et ex tempore: a. to my consular authority, pro auctoritate consulari. — a. to my regard for you, pro eo, quanti te facio : a. to their several weights, pro eo quantum in quoque sit ponderis. — Often by the abl. alone: a. to his custom, instituto suo ; a. to the custom of the Romans, consue- tudine Romanorum. ^Suitably; in agreement with: convenienter or congruenter ci rei; apte ad qd. ACCORDINGLY. || In conformity with some- thing before mentioned ; ad, secundum, convenienter, &c, governing the thing meant, which is generally omitted in English, or by ut, uti (as) with a verb l . || Consequently, itaque (and so, of a consequence naturally following what has been stated). — igitur and ergo (consequently, therefore: the latter dwelling more emphatically on the necessity of the consequence).— quad quum ita sint ; res quum ita se habeat {this being the case). ACCOST, alloqui qm (the usual expression for ad- dressing a person: e. g. to salute, warn, comfort, &c). — affari qm (to accost in a feeling or solemn manner ; a more select expression than alloqui, and therefore less common in prose. Used in the pres. indie, except the 1st pers. ; in partcp. infin. and 2nd pers. imperat.). — appellare qm (to address him for the purpose of draw- ing him into conversation, and saying to him something of importance ; or of preferring a request). — compellare (in prose, is to address in a harsh, reproachful manner). To a. aby by name, nominatim or nominans qm ap- pellare (nominatim qm compello, implies a personal attack). To a. in a friendly, intimate manner, blande, familiariter alloqui qm; courteously, politely, iiberaliter appellare qm. ACCOUCHMENT, partus.— less freq. puerperium.— To be near her a., vicinam esse ad pariendum. At her first a., primo partu. ACCOUNT, ratio (account, generally ; and also = reckoning: often rationes when the account is a com- plex one). — nomen (the a. of an individual who is in a man's books). A little a., ratiuncula. An a. of receipts and expenditure, ratio accepti et expensi. To have a settlement of a.'s with aby, putare rationem cum qo; calculum ponere cum qo ; ci rationem reddere (of the debtor) ; qm vocare ad calculos (of the creditor). To examine an a., rationem cognoscere; rationes inspicere. To go through a man's a., rationes cs excutere, dis- pungere. To state and balance an a., rationes con- ficere et consolidare. To cast up an a., rationes or calculos subducere ; rationem inire et subducere. The a. agrees, or is right, ratio constat, convenit, apparet. His a. of receipts and disbursements comes right, ratio accepti et expensi par est. The a. comes right to a far- thing, ratio ad numum convenit. To have an a. with aby (e. g. as a partner, creditor, &c), ratione cum qo con- junctum esse. He has a heavy a. against me, grandem pecuniam ci debeo. / have a heavy a. against him, magna ratio mihi cum eo contracta est. To settle an a., ratio- nem expedire, solvere, exsolvere. To demand the settle- ment of an a., nomen exigere. To draw up or make out an a., rationem conficere. To bring to a., imputare (dat. of person against whom) ; ci expensum ferre (to set a sum down in one's a.'s as paid to aby); rationibus inferre; in rationem inducere; or inferre, inducere only; in codicem accepti et expensi referre: to set it down in one's a.'s as given to aby, in rationibus ci datum indu- cere qd. Set it down to my a.; i. e. against me, mi' i expensum feras. To adjust or settle one's family a.'s, ra'iones familiares componere. To return or give in one's a.'s, rationes referre or ad aerarium referre (of a magistrate who has received public money). On my own a., meo nomine (propr. ; then impr. at my own risk). || Reckoning, explanation: to call a man to a., rati- onem ab qo reposcere. To give an a., rationem reddere. The day of a., *dies rationis reddendae. || Advan- tage, quaestus, lucrum; to find his a. in athg, qusestum facere in qa re ; satis lucri facere ex qa re. || Regard, respect to, ratio; to take a. of, i. e. consider, regard, cs rei rationem ducere or habere. To take no a. of, negligere qm or qd, nihil curare qd. To make no a. but 1 Thus a sentence like, ' to believe rightly and to live accordingly,' must be turned into, ' to believe rightly and to live according to his belief,' or 'as he believes,' (7) that, non or nihil dubitare quin &c. || Narration, narratio ; relatio (e. g, in chronicles, fyc. Postaug.), rei gestae expositio. To give an a., narrare ci qd or de qa re. — exponere, explicare (to give a full a.).— enarrare (to give a full and orderly a.). — Also pluribus verbis exponere; rem ordine enarrare; cuncta, ut sunt acta, exponere; enarrare ci rem, quo pacto se habeat. There are two a.'s of that, de qa re duplex memoria est, or (for reports of recent events) duplex fama est. There are different a.'s (in books, &c), variatur memoria actae rei. || Estimation, value. To be of small or of no a., nullius ponderis esse; ponderis nihil habere (of things). — tenui or nulla auctoritate esse ; in nullo esse numero (of persons). To be of a., qo loco et numero esse apud qm ; multum auctoritate valere or posse apud qm. || On account, in antecessum (i.e. in advance, with dare, solvere, accipere. Sen. Postaug.). On account of, ob (for; for the sake of; referring to an object to be attained or benefitted: e. g. to ' an ad- vantage to be attained,' ' the commonwealth to be bene- fitted,' merit to be rewarded, &c). — propter (denotes a proximate cause or motive; it properly denotes vicinity). — per (denotes dependence on something). — de (with re- spect to). — causa (fm the cause ; for the sake of: denotes a thing or person viewed as the cause of an action). — gratia (with gen., out of favour ; for the sake of). — ergo (with gen., in consideration of a fact stated). — pro (for ; in proportion to, or agreement with ; in return for). — prae (denotes the preventive cause: hence only in nega- tive sentences). — for some advantage, ob qd emolumen- tum : to take money for judging a cause, ob rem judi- candam : she could not do it on a. of her age, per aeta- tem : on a. of the season of the year, propter anni tem- pus ; propter hanc causam, quod ; ob earn causam, quia; certis de causis ; omnium salutis causa; aetatis atque honoris gratia. To be heard with difficulty on a. of (= for) the noise, prae strepftu vix audiri. To be praised on a. of something, cs rei nomine laudari ; a qa re laudari, cornmendari. To march negligently on a. of( = in consequence of) his success, negligentius ab re bene gesta ire (L.). ACCOUNT, v. || Esteem, ponere with in and the abl. : to a. athg a vice, ponere qd in vitiis. — ducere (with dat. of what one esteems it ; ducere sibi qd laudi). — numerare qd in cs rei loco (e. g. to a. a thing a kind- ness, in beneficii loco). — To a. athg a gain, deputare qd esse in lucro (Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 16). Account for, rationem, causam afferre, or afferre only, followed by cur : cur credam, afferre possum. To a. for this, rationes cur hoc ita sit afferre : to a. satis- factorily for, justas causas afferre cs rei, or cur with subj. — illustrare qd ; lucem or lumen ci rei afferre (not affundere), dare lumen ci rei (to throw light upon). — explanare qd (to make athg plain). — aperire (to uncover, unveil: — all these are said of what was before dark or confused). To a. for a mistake, errorem aperire (to show its nature, and how it arose). To a. for one thing from another, causam cs rei repetere ex re. To be dif- ficult to a. for, difficiles habere explicatus (of what it is difficult to make intelligible). || To have to render an account of, rationem reddere cs rei or de qa re. ACCOUNT-BOOK, rationes (properly, accounts).— codex accepti et expensi : fm the context, codex or tabulae alone may do. — adversaria, orum (a day-book, from which items were transferred to the ledger, codex or tabulae). To keep an a., rationes, codicem instituere; tabulas conficere. To set down in an a.-b., in rationes, in codicem, in tabulas, in adversaria referre. ACCOUNTABLE, ci ratio reddenda est. \\ One who makes himself answerable; to be a., prae- stare qd. / am a. for that, mihi res prasstanda est. To make oneself a., qd in se recipere (to take it on one- self). ACCOUNTANT, tabularius, calculator, ratiorarius (all terms of the Rom. empire). — actor summarum (cashier, steward, book-keeper ; who had to collect his master's rents, 8;c. time of empire). ACCOUTRE, armare (to provide with arms or other implements). — instruere (to furnish with). — ornare, ad- ornare, exornare (to fit out or equip with what is orna- mental or necessary). Jn. ornare (exornare) atque in- struere. ACCOUTREMENT, armatus (the action of equip- ping; not instructio).— arma (n. pi.), armatura (the thing with which one is accoutred). — ornatus; orna- menta, n. pi. (handsome equipment). || Garments, vestis; vestimenta, n. pi. ACCREDIT, confirmare ; ci rei fidem addere or facere. An accredited ambassador, legatus cum pub- lica auctoritate et testimomo missus (v. C. 1 Verr. 3, 7); ACC ACI legatus cum publico testimonio missus (C. Arch. 4, 8); legatus publice missus (C. 2 Verr. 5, 13). ACCRETION, accretio (opp. to diminutio : used by C. of the moon's light). ACCRUE, provenire (spring up, grow, as crops, $c). — accedere (to be added to).— ex qa re nasci, oriri (to be born, to arise). ACCUBATION, accubitio (accubatio, false reading); accubitus, us. ACCUMULATE, cumulare, accumulare (the former to heap up to the full measure; the latter to heap up more and more). — acervare, coacervare (to make a heap of athg; to heap together). — aggerare, exaggerare (to heap up high: Postaug. in prose). — augere (to increase). — addere qd ci rei. To a. wealth, pecunias coacer- vare ; acervos numorum construere (opes exaggerare, Phcedr.). ACCUMULATION, acervatio (Plin), coacervatio (Gaj. Dig. 2, 1, 11 : by C. as a fig. of- rhetoric. Accu- mulatio is only used in the sense of heaping up earth about the roots of trees). ACCUMULATOR, accumulator (opum accumu- lator, T.). ACCURACY, cura, accuratio (the latter, C. Brut. 67, 238, mira ace. in componendis rebus). — Jn. cura et diligentia. — subtilitas (acuteness, subtility: e.g. with mathematical a., geometrica subtilitate docere qd). — sometimes diligentia (close application and attention). — With the greatest a., accuratissime, exactissime, or sometimes diligentissime. ACCURATE, diligens (one who pays close attention to his work, that he may fail in no respect). — accuratus (made with exactitude : only of things). — exactus (per- fectly what it ought to be; of things only: of persons, it is only found in the silv. age: perfect). — exquisitus (far sought: hence of extraordinary excellence). — sub- tilis (acute, esply of an orator who, with tact and acuteness, chooses the best expressions, illustrations, &c. : then of things which give proof of such acuteness; e. g. of a speech). — limatus, politus (of a refined, polished orator and style). — Jn. limatus et politus ; accuratus et politus. — An a. style, limatius dicendi genus; oratio accurata et polita, limata et polita; oratio subtilis. An a. knowledge of athg, cs rei interior scientia. An a. judgement, judicium subtile, or limatum et politum. To subject athg to an a. investigation, diligenter exqui- rere, subtiliter quaerere qd. To give an a. description of athg, accurate or diligenter describere qd. To give (= write) aby an a. account of athg, diligenter scribere de re ad qm. || With accuracy. See Accurately. - ACCURATELY, diligenter, accurate. Jn. diligenter et accurate ; accurate et exquisite ; exacte ; subtiliter. (Syn. under Accurate.) ACCURSE. See Curse. ACCURSED, devotus (actually under a curse pro- nounced). — exsecrabilis, exsecrandus (deserving execra- tion). — nefarius, nefandus (impious, wicked : esply against what is holy. The latter of things only). ACCUSABLE, accusabilis, accusandus, reprehen- dendus, vitnperabilis, vituperandus, reprehensione or vituperatione dignus. (Syn. o/repr. and vitup. under Blame.) ACCUSATION, accusatio, incusatio, iusimulatio, criminatio (all as actions. Syn. under Accuse).— cri- men (charge) — calumnia (false accusation). To defend aby against an a., crimen defendere a qo. To defend oneself against an a., crimen amoliri, propulsare ; cul- pam a se amovere. — crimen diluere or criminationem dissolvere (to show its injustice or groundlessness). || As a law term, querimonia, querela (complaint : the former from a sense of injustice ; the latter from a feel- ing of vexation). — delatio nominis (giving the name of the accused to the judge). — periculum (as causing danger to the accused). — actio (g. t. for the legal proceedings whether in a civil or criminal cause). — accusatio (the charge made, esply in a crim. court). — petitio, postu- late (in civil causes: demand for restitution or re- dress). — vindicatio (civil action to recover a thing). — condictio (civil action on account of a person). — for- mula (the pleading: the formula according to wch the ace. was drawn up). — libellus (the written accusation). — dSSI^dica, oIki) = actio, in civil causes, when the trial spoken of look place in a Greek court. ACCUSATIVE (case), accusativus (sc. casus, Q.).~ quartus. casus accusandi (Varro). ACCUSATORY, accusatorius. — An a. libel: i.e. written charge, libellus, accusatio (not accusatorius libellus). To prefer or set forth an a. libel against aby, libellum de qo dare (Plin.). In an a. manner, accusa- torie, accusatorio more et jure. (8) ACCUSE, accusare (to a. in a criminal court). — in- cusare (to a., but not in a court of justice). — insimu- lare, in cs rei insimulationem vocare (to cause aby to be suspected of a crime, whether justly or unjustly). — arguere crimine or de crimine (e\eyx^iv, to charge, and make the charge good by proofs, whether in a court of justice or not). — culpam in qm conferre, in culpa ponere qm, ci culpam attribuere (lay the blame of athg on aby: culpare is poet, and Postaug.). — crimen ci afferre or inferre ; in crimen vocare or adducere ; cri- men in qm conferre; crimine compellare (to tax or charge a man with, whether justly or not). — criminari (to accuse in a bad sense: e. g. for the purpose of black- ening a man's character). — condemnare qm cs rei (pro- perly to condemn ; but sometimes the antecedens of con- demnation, to accuse justly : e.g. qm iniquitatis. Her- zog. B. G. 7, 19). — reum facere or agere (bring before a court as a defendant). — calumniari (to a. calumni- ously, sophistically, &c). — qd ci objicere or objectare (to cast athg in a man's teeth; reproach him with). To a. falsely, falso crimine or falsis criminationibus insi- mulare ; falso conferre qd in qm; crimen or qd crimi- nis ci or in qm confingere. ACCUSED. An a. person, or the a., reus (// in a court of justice). ACCUSER, accusator. — criminator, calumniator. (See verbs under Accuse.) — actor (the manager of a judicial impeachment). ACCUSTOM. To a. aby, consuefacere qm with inf. or ut, ne. To a. aby to athg, qm assuefacere qa re (C. Cces.), or (Postaug.) ci rei or ad qm. — The trans, use of the originally intrans. consuescere, assuescere was un- known to the great prose-writers. To a. oneself, con- suescere or assuescere with infin. or abl. (Postaug. also with dat. or ad qd ; ass. even in Cces. B. G. 6, 28) ; as- suescere in qd.— also se assuefacere qa re. ACCUSTOMED, assuefactus or assuetus qa re. To have grown a. to living at Alexandria, jam in consue; tudinem Alexandrinae vitae venisse. || Usual. Vid. ' ACE, unio (late: Tertull.). Not to bate an a. of athg, *ne pilum quidem unum deminuere or detrahere de qa re. ACERBITY, austeritas, acerbitas, amaritas. Syn. under Sour. ACHE (no Latin word expresses the notion of ache as a particular kind of pain), dolor (pain generally, whether of body or mind). — cruciatus (excruciating pain). — tormentum (torture; racking pain). ACHE, v. dolere (in body or mind). — condolescere (mly in perf). The wind had made my head a., caput mihi de vento condoluit (Plant.): — my side ached, con- doluit mihi latus (so pes ; dens ; tactum dolore corpus). ACHE-BONE, coxa, coxendix ; *os coxae. ACHIEVABLE, quod effici, ad effectum adduci potest. ACHIEVE, confrcere (to bring to an end, so that the labour is over; to finish, without reference to the pro- duction of a perfect work: itinera, mandata confici- untur, non perficiuntur nee absolvuntur. D.). — effi- cere, ad effectum adducere (to bring to actual exist- ence). — perficere (to carry through to the end ; to make athg perfect: opp. inchoare, to begin). — absolvere (to finish off, so that no more remains to be done ; to make complete : opp. inchoare, instituere). — Jn. absolvere ac (et) perficere. — peragere (to carry a business through). — exsequi, persequi (to follow up till it is done: esply of things done by rule or direction, officium, mandata). — ad finem adducere (to bring athg to its intended end ; to complete). — patrare (of important actions publicly performed : an old and solemn word, that had probably a religious meaning at first : strengthened perpetrare). — sometimes facere alone (opp. cogitare). To be able to a. athg, *parem esse ci rei exsequendae. || Obtain by exertion, adipisci, assequi (the former dwelling more on the object achieved; the latter on the perse- vering exertions by which it was achieved). To a. peace, pacem perpetrare (L.). ACHIEVEMENT, \\ Completion ; perform- ance, exsecutio. || Heroic action, facinus magnum (any great action), *res praeclare gesta. || Achieve- ments, res gestae (not confined to successes in war). ^Escutcheon, insigne generis (cf. C.pro Sulld, 31, S8). ACHING, s. See Ache. ACID, acidus (opp. dulcis : sour to taste or smell). — Jn. acer acidusque.— Somewhat a., acidulus, subacidus. Very a., acidissimus, peracerbus, acerbissimus, peracer, acerrimus. — malum acidum = an apple sour, though ripe; m. acerbum, an apple sour, because unripe. To be a., acere, acidum or acerbum or acrem esse gustatu. To be turning a., acescere, coacescere. — See Sour, ACI ACIDIFY, acidum facere. ACIDITY, aciditas {late).— acidus sapor (acid taste). || Something acid, acidum. To correct a., aman- tadines hebetare (Plin.). ACKNOWLEDGE, agnoscere, cognoscere (to recog- nize utlig, then to a. it to be what it is). — appellare qm (with ace. of a title: to a., e. g. a king, Sic.).— To a. a man for one's son, agnoscere qm fllium : not to a. him as one's son any longer, abdicare filium. To a. a man as king, regem appellare qm (to declare him icing), ci parere (to obey him) : not to a. a man for one's king, detrectare cs imperium. || Confess, fateor (mly im- plying a previous question), confiteor, profiteer (conf. reluctantly, from being unable to conceal; prof, freely, openly), often joined with prae se ferre. To a. openly, honestly, freely, aperte, ingenue, aperte et ingenue, libere confiteri. libere profited. To a. a debt, confiteri aes alienum (xii. Tabb. ap. Gell. &c), confiteri nomen ; fateri se debere. Not to a. a debt, intitiari debitum. To a. a crime, suscipere crimen, agnoscere, confiteri (C). agnoscere erratum suum (C). To a. a sin, confiteri peccatum (C.) or se peccasse. To a. the truth of Chris- tianity, *Christum sequi. *doctrinam Christianam profited. || To allow that one has r eceived, im- plying that one owes a return : to a. kindnesses, beneficia grate interpretari (Plin. Ep. 2, 13, 9). To a. that they are conquered, unskilful, $c, confiteri se victos, imperitos, &c. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, agnitio (act of recogniz- ing). — confessio (act of confessing). To bring a man to the a. of athg, qm adducere ad confessionem cs rei (by kind means) ; ci exprimere confessionem cs rei or expri- mere ut qs confiieatur qd (by force). To force a man to an a., exprimere or extorquere ut fateatur ; cogere ut confiteatur or concedat. The a. of errour, *error agnitus. — To bring a man to an a. of his sins, *facere, efficere, ut agnoscat, intelligat se peccavisse. — 1| To send a man a small a., munusculum ci concinnare (if 'small present' will do). \\ Acknowledgement of the payment of a debt, apocha. To give an a., apocham dare. ACME, the highest point, the height. Crcl. by adj., the a. of folly, transl. 'the greatest folly.' \\Crisis of a disorder, critica morbi accessio (August. Confess. 6, I, end). ACONITE, Sconitum (Wolfsbane). ACORN, glans, ndis. ACORUS, (bot.) acorus, calamus odoratus or aroma- ticus, calamus (if the species need not be mentioned). ACOUSTICS, «acustica. ACQUAINT, || I nform, vid. \\ Acquaint one- self with, noscere, cognoscere (esply by experience). — discere {to learn). — percipere (to get a clear notion of, esply by one's oivn observation and experience). (a) ACQUAINTED, to be or become; with persons. To become a. with each other, se inter se noscere. To become better a. with aby (i. e. with his character), pro- pius inspicere qm. To be well a. with a man, qm bene, optime, pulchre, propius nosse (g. t.). pulchre cognos- cere cs sensum (his opinions), qui vir et quantus sit altissime inspexisse {his intellectual or moral great- ness), qm penitus cognoscere. qm cognoscere et intel- ligere. To be thoroughly a. with aby, qm penitus in- spexisse. pernosse qm qualis sit. intus et in cute nosse (Pers.). To make a man a. with another, qm ad qm deducere (to introduce him). To be a. with aby by sight, qm de facie nosse. Not to be a. with aby, non nosse qm. qs mini est ignotus. ignorare qm {rare in the sense of being unacquainted with his person, as Nep. Arist. 1, 4: mly not to know his character). \\ Express- ing or implying intimate acquaintance: to be intimately a. with, qo lamiiiariter or intime uti. in fa- miliaritate cs versari. / am intimately a. with, magna est mihi cum qo familiaritas. (b) Acquaikted, to be; with things, qdintelligere, callere, cognitum or perceptum habere, multum in qa re versatum esse (to have had much practice in it). — cs rei peritum esse (to be skilled in it).— cs rei gnarum esse. (Syn. in Understand.) Not to be a. with athg, qd ignorare or nescire. in qa re rudem or peregrinum, or hospitem esse, cs rei ignarum or imperitum esse. ACQUAINTANCE, A) of persons. || An ac- quaintance, notus.— ci amicus (a friend). — ci famili- aris (an intimate a). He is an a. of mine, usus mihi et consuetudo or familiaritas mihi cum qo intercedit. — An intimate a., qo or cs amicitia lamiiiariter uti. || Ac- quaintance, noti, amici, familiares. To have an ex- tensive a., multos habere amicos. "multis notum esse et familiarem. \\ Acquaintance with aby, cog- nitio cs (the becoming acquainted with a man: dignus (9) ACR cognitione, worth knowing). — notitia cs (the being ac- quainted with). — usus. usus et consuetudo {intercourse with, intimacy).— familiaritas (habits of great intimacy). To make a. with, qm cognoscere. B) with things: cognitio cs rei (the becoming acquainted with it). — notitia cs rei (the being acquainted with it). — scientia cs rei (thorough knowledge, the result of mental activity). ACQUIESCE, acquiescere ci rei, dat.; or qa re (say nothing against it; weaker than assentiri and approbare. C. Acad. 2, 46. acquiescere in qa re is, to find satisfac- tion in athg). — qa re contentum esse (to be contented with).—qd probare, approbare. accipere (to approve of, receive favorably). ACQUIESCENCE, probatio, approbatio, compro- batio (approval). — consensio, consensus, assensus (as- sent). — With your a., te consentiente or probante. With- out your a., te adversante, renuente, nolente. ACQUIRABLE, *quod adipisci queas.— *quod ob- tineri potest (Syn. under Obtain). — impetrabilis (what can be obtained by entreaties). ACQUIRE, parare, eomparare (provide, procure by one's own means). — quaerere (obtain by seeking: e. g. livelihood, victum; popularity with the common people, gratiam ad populum; glory, sibi gloriam). — acquirere (to obtain what one has striven for). — colligere (collect: e.g. good-will, favour, &rc). — nancisci (obtain with or without trouble ; even against one 's wish). — adipisci (to achieve by exertion). — consequi (to arrive at theobjectof one's wish, with or without assistance). — assequi (to arrive by exertion at the object of one's endeavours). — obtinere (to obtain and keep possession). To a. credit, parere sibi laudem ; money, pecuniam sibi facere ; a man's friendship, cs amicitiam sibi eomparare ; great influence, magnam auctoritatem sibi constituere ; great wealth and reputation, magnas opes sibi magnumque nomen facere ; extensive knowledge, *magnas opes eru- ditionis sibi eomparare. To endeavour to a., captare qd (e. g. popularity, Src). To a. strength, se corrobo- rare. ACQUIREMENT, || Act of acquiring, compa- ratio, adeptio. — A. of popularity, conciliatio gratiae. || Knowledge acquired, docirina, eruditio, literae. A person of extensive a.'s, multarum rerum cognitione imbutus. eruditissimus. optimis artibus eruditus. homo in qo multae sunt literae ; of extensive and various a.'s, in quo est copia et varietas studiorum. ACQUISITION, comparatio (act of procuring for oneself). — adeptio (the obtaining what one has striven for). A. of popularity, conciliatio gratiae. ACQUIT, \\Set free, liberare re or a re. — exsolvere re (release fm). — eximere re or ex re (to deliver fm). — levare re (relieve fm what is disagreeable, e. g. fear, sor- row, pain). — expedire re (extricate fm). — extrahere ex re (drag out of). — eripere ex or a re (snatch fm). ggp" The three last of extricating fm unpleasant cir- cumstances : e. g. dangers.— 1| Pronounce guiltless, absolvere (pr.et impr.), of athg, qa re or de qa re (e. g. regni suspicione, de praevaricatione). — exsolvere qa re (e.g. suspicione). — liberare qa re (set free, g. t.). — To be acquitted, liberatum discedere. innocentem or in- noxium absolvi. exjudicioemergere. || Discharge a duty, officium exsequi, officio defungi. officii partes explere. To a. oneself admirably, fyc, officium cumu- late reddere (C. ad Div. 5, 8, 2). — See Duty. || To a. oneself like a man, virum se praestare. ACQUITTAL, absolutio (aby's, cs. cs rei, e. g. ma- jestatis). — liberatio (cs rei, e. g. culpae). ACQUITTANCE, apocha, accepti latio (the former j implying payment of the debt; the latter any release fm the necessity of payment). — A formal a., or an a. under hand and seal, *apocha manu sigilloque firmata. To give aby an a., apocham dare. ACRE, jugerum (really about two-thirds of an a. See Adam). ACRID, acer (hot and biting, like mustard, garlic, onions). — acerbus (of athg that contracts the tongue: e. g. unripe fruit, sour, opp. suavis). — amarus (opp. dulcis ; nauseously bitter). ACRIMONIOUS, || Acrid, vid. || Fig. of words, %c, amarus (bitter). — acerbus (sour). — asper (rough). — mordax (biting). — invidiosus (calculated to raise a pre- judice agst the person attacked). — aculeatus (stinging). A. words, verborum aculei. ACRIMONY, acerbitas,amaritas (Syn. underAcMD). — acrimonia (seld. in lit. sense before Plin., and only of- sharpness to the taste; an invigorating, strengthening, sharpness. Not fig. in the sense of our acrimony). ACRITUDE. See Acrimony. ACROSS, adv. in transversum. ex or de transverso. per transversum. — Smthg comes a. my mind, qd mihi ACR ACU de improviso objicitur. || Crosswise, vid. To shake hands a., *cs manus decussatim constringere." Across, pr. trans. — To march an army a. the Rhone, trajicere exercitum Rhodanum or trans Rhodanum. ACROSTIC, ea quae d/ipoo-nx'* dicitur (C. Div. 2, 54). ACT, v. || Bo, agere, facere (ag., like npuTjeiv, refers more to the simple acting than to the results of it ; facere, like noieiv, refers to the action and its results : to act well or ill, recte or male agere and recte or male facere; but the latter only so far as the effect of the action is, or is not, wkat it should be). || Behave, se gerere (e. g. shamefully). To a. like a man, virum se praestare. H Exert force, vim habere {not vim exserere, which is not L at.). — efficacem esse (to work or be effective). — The medicine a.'s, concipitur venis medicamentum ; does not a., medicamentum imbecillius est quam morbus. — The medicine a.'s so powerfully, tanta vis est medicamenti. — The medicine a.'s w ell, commo&efa,c\t(C els.) — Toa. upon athg, vim habere or exercere in qd ; on aby, qm or cs animum raovere, commovere. It a.'s upon me in differ- ent ways, varie afficior qa re. // a.'s differently upon me, qd aliter fero. \\ To be in effective action; of things, in effectu esse (e.g. machines). \\ A ct a part on the stage, or in life, agere qm or cs partes, cs per- sonam tueri {not cs pers. agere). tractare personam (see Part).— simulare qm, or with ace. and in fin. (to pretend to be aby). — JgSir ludere qm is unci. ; exhibere qm unlat. To a. a play, fabulam agere (not fab. do- cere, which is said of the author only). To forbid the players to a., histrionibus scenam interdicere (Su.). The players will not a. to night, *histriones hodie in scenam non prodibunt. Act, n. factum (what has been actually done). — faci- nus (deed, contemplated as the act of a free agent, and as an evidence of strength of character, for good or for evil). — opus (work ; the product of a faciens). — 1| Acts, facta (g. t.). — res gestae; gesta, orum, sts res only (acts performed in the line of one's duty or office: esply ex- ploits, achievements in war). — acta (actions performed according to particular rules ; measures, e.g. of a poli- tician). — actiones (doings; goings-on; implying a con- tinued course. Herz. ad B. Civ. 1, 5). A.'s of the Apo- stles, *Apostolorum acta or res gestae. || A noble a., egregie or egregiurn factum; facinus praeclarum. An immortal a., facinus or opus immortale. Honorable, glorious a.'s, laudes, decora, pi. To perform an a., facinus facere, conficere ; opus edere : a wicked a., facinus, dagitium, scelus committere; scelus facere, perficere, admittere. || In the very a., in manifesto facinore (e. g. to be caught, deprehendi ; in re praesenti is, on the spot where the occurrence took place). \\ Act of amnesty, oblivio sempiterna (C). — oblivio quam Athenienses dp.vr\TTeiv, iiva.Kr\pu-neiv). — pronun- ciare (rrapa^^eWetv, publish, cause to be proclaimed by a herald, e. g. orders, names of the conquerors in games, Sic). — aperire, patefacere (to spread the knowledge of). ADVERTISEMENT, indicium, significatio (both as the act of giving information and information given) — nuncius (information given, esply by a messenger, but also generally). — ^Declaration, public notice, praedicatio, pronunciatio (Syn. in Advertise). || A d- monition, monitio, admonitio (action and thing). — monitum. admonitum. praeceptuin (as thing). ADVERTISER, index.— delator (one who gives in- formation to a magistrate: both often = proditor). — nuncius (one ivho brings intelligence). || As name of a newspaper, the nearest expression is acta diurna, orum. ADVICE, consilium (g. t.).— praeceptum (direction given by one qualified to teach). — auctoritas (declared opinion of a person of weight and influence). To give a. to aby, ci consilium dare : consilii auctorem esse ci. To give aby good, sound, or sensible a., ci rectum con- silium dare; honest a., ndele consilium ci dare ; excel- lent a., maxime utilia ci suadere. To ask ahy's a., qm consulere; by letter, per literas (also of consulting phy- sician), petere consilium a qo. To follow aby's a., sequi cs consilium ; cs consilio uti ; cs consilio obtemperare. To act by aby's a., facere de or ex cs consilio. By my a., me auctore, suasore, consuasore; me auctore et suasore ; or me suasore et auctore ; me suasore et im- pulsore. — me hortante (by my exhortation). To despise aby's a., cs consilium spernere (Ov.)\ qm monentem spernere (if it is warning advice, Ov.). To assist aby with a., ci adesse, praesto adesse, non deesse. || Deli- ADV AFF deration. Vid. With a., consilio, consulte (not con- sulto), considerate, remota. temeritate. Without a., sine consilio; inconsiderate; temere. || Intelligence. Vid. II Prudent consideration, consilium. ADVISABLE, utilis. — fructuosns (bringing gain, profit). — saluber, salutaris (wholesome, salutary). To be a., utile esse. ADVISABLENESS, utilitas. ADVISE, consilium dare. To a. to athg, to do athg, auctorem esse cs rei or with inf. (of an adviser whose advice is that principally considered). — suasorem esse cs rei. suadere ci qrt or, mly, with ut (to advise by aim- ing at influencing the understanding). — hortatorem esse cs rei. hortari qd. hortari (qm) with ut (to exhort; to aim at influencing the will). Jn. suadere et hortari: auctorem et suasorem esse. — monere (to give warning advice, appealing to the consciousness and judgement ; followed by ut, ne). — censeo (to give it as one's opinion; with ut, or subj. without ut). To a. to concord, hortari ad concordiam : to peace, pacis auctorem esse; pacem suadere. / a. you to leave off, censeo desistas. || In- form. Vid. II Consult. Vid. ADVISED, || Acting with deliberation, fyc. consideratus. — circumspectus (circumspect). — cautus (cautious). — provideiis, prudens (acting with foresight). — Jn. prudens et providus ; prudens et caurus. \\ Done or chosen with consideration, consideratus. cir- cumspectus. || III a., incoissideratus (of person and thing: acting or done without deliberation). — temera- rius (rash).— incautus {incautious). ADVISEDLY, considerate (opp. inconsiderate). — caute (opp. incaute).— consulto, consilio (considerately, with deliberation). — de or ex industria. data or dedita opera (with pains; purposely). To do athg a., consulto et cogitatum facio qd ; qd prudens sciensque facio. ADVISEDNESS, consideratio, considerantia (deli- beration). — consilium (mature deliberation). — attentio. diligentia {heedful care). — cautio (caution). ADVISEMENT, || Information. Vid. \\ Ad- vise dness. Vid. ADVISER, suasor, hortator (Syn. in Advise). — impulsor (one who urges on). — monitor (a warning a.). — auctor consilii or consiliorum, or fm context auctor only (the first proposer or principal adviser of the plan). — Jn. auctor et consuasor; suasor et auctor; auctor et impulsor.— consiliarius (g. t., a counsellor : one who stands by aby to assist him with his advice). — con- siliorum minister, or minister only (a subordinate ad- viser). To be aby's a., qm consilio regere. To give aby to aby as an a., qm ci in consilium dare. The people has bad a 's, populus malis utitur ministris. ADVOCACY, advocatio. patrocinium. procuratio (Syn. in Advocate). || Defence, patrocinium. de- fensio. propugnatio. ADVOCATE, causarum actor, causidicus (g. t., a lawyer who manages causes : the latter a depreciating term). The a. in a cause, defensor (one who defends another in a court of justice). — advocatus (the lawyer who assists and advises aby in the management of his cause). — actor (one who conducts a judicial accusation for aby). — patronus causae, patronus (the a. who spoke in court for his client). In private causes, cognitor (the agent who managed the case of a party who has himself appeared in court). — procurator (who conducts the case of an absent person in his own name). See Lawyer. A noisy or blustering a., rabula de foro; rabula latra- torque. To be an a , causas agere, actitare ; causas dicere in foro ; versari in foro. To be aby's a., causam dicere pro qo ; in athg, de qa re. defendere qm de qa re; ci causas actorem intercedere. To employ an a., adoptare sibi patronum, defensorem ; deferre causam ad patronum. || C h amp ion of a cause, defensor, pro- pugnator (e.g. libertatis, C.).— patronus (e.g. fcederum) ADVOCATE, v. pugnare, propugnare pro qa re; defendere qd. ADVOWEE, *patronus. /. patrona. ADVOWSON, jus patronatus (Pandect.). To have the a., jus patronatus exercere. AERIAL, aerius (existing in, or consisting of our denser atmosphere). — aetherius (existing i?i, or consisting of the upper and purer air). — sts, spirabilis, flabilis (fit for respiration) — ccelestis (existing in, coming from, $c. heaven). — 1| Lofty, aerius (poet, of mountains, towers, AERIE, nidus. See Nest. AEROLITH, lapis qui ccelo decYdit— aerolithus (t. t.). AEROMANCY, aeromantla (Isid. Orig. 8, 9). AEROMETER, aerometron (t. t.). AERONAUT, *aeronautes (t. t.). (16) AERONAUTICS, *ars aeronautica. AFAR, procul (opp. juxta, at a considerable dis- tance, but mly within sight). — longe (opp. prope, at a great distance: mly out of sight. — Both procul and lonee = to a great distance and fm a great distance). — eminus (opp. comminus : at such a distance as to be in reach only of missiles).— e longinquo (opp. e propinquo, fm a really great distance).— peregre (fm a foreign land). To be a. off, procul or longe abesse : to come fm a., e longinquo venire. To follow a. off, magno or longo intervallo sequi. AFEARD, territus, exterritus, perterritus, trepidus. See Afraid. AFFABILITY, affabilitas; affabilitas sermonis. sts, civilitas (in a prince), comitas. Syn. in Affable. AFFABLE, affabilis (pleasantly conversing ivith in- feriors). — comis (hind and condescending towards infe- riors ; obliging towards equals). — civilis (of princes, behaving towards their subjects as their fellow- citizen : Postaug.). [j§§!>° humanitas is a higher virtue, of wch affabilitas, comitas, &c. are partial manifestations']. AFFABLY, affabiliter (Macrob.)— comiter. Very a., affabilissime (Gell.). To behave a. to every body, erga omnes se affabilem praestare. AFFAIR, res (g. t.). — negotium (business). || Af- fairs = property, fyc, res familiaris. res domes- ticae, or domesticae ac familiares. The confusion oj his a.'s, implicatio rei familiaris. To manage aby's a.'s, cs negotia, or rationes negotiaque procurare. || Sts = en- gagement. See Battle. AFFECT, v. || Work or have influence upon, vim habere or exercere in qd (vim exserere is not Lat.). — 1| Work upon (move, touch) the mind, movere, commovere, permovere (g. tt.). — tangere (to touch, make an impression on; qm, cs animum). — frangere (to raise gentle feelings in aby, qm or cs animum). — percutere (to affect violently). — afficere (e. g. leetitia, voluptate, %c. g»gr afficere cannot properly be used absolutely for affect in this sense, but only in such combinations as, 'Your letter affected me so,' literae luae sic me affecerunt, ut &c. : ' they were so affected,' eorum animi ita affecti sunt, ut &c. : it affects me a little, modice me tangit qd : not at all, non laboro de re, I care nothing about it : e. g. de cs morte). To be vio- lently affected, vehementius m>veri. || Work upon injuriously, afficere (e.g. hunger, cold, fyc. a. the body). — debilitare (weaken). — frangere (to oppress the mind). — violently, grievously, fyc. conficere (almost to destroy; esply of pain of body or mind). To a. the eyes, oculorum aciem obtundere : the cold a.'s aby, *frigus horrore cs corpus afficit : to a. his body and mind, nervos mentis et corporis frangere : the whole liver is affected, pulmo totus afficitur (Cels.). || Put on the appearance of athg, simulare (pretend). — ostendere. jactare. pree se ferre (to assume ostenta- tiously). — affectare (to strive after athg too much : not till silv. age). — to a. the philosopher in his exterior, phi- losophias studium habitu corporis prae se ferre: con- stancy, friendship, tears, knowledge of athg, constan- tiam, amicitiam, lacrimas, scientiam rei simulare : an- other person's gait, incessum cs inepte exprimere : a serious look, a solemn pace, fyc, qs sibi vultum, inces- sum fingit, quo gravior videatur. || Aim at, endea- vour after, affectare qd (to pursue an object with eagerness, e. g. imperium in Latinos, regnum, L. mag- nificentiam verborum, Q.).— petere, appetere (aim at, long for : e. g. honores, praeturam, principatum elo- quentiae, regnum).— expetere (pursue one object se- lected from others, and therefore the more eagerly, pecu- niary divitias). — aspirare ad qd (rare: ad cs pecuniam. ad laudem). — captare qd (try to catch or obtain ; plan- sum, voluptatem). — sequi (to pursue: otium et tran- quillitatem vitae, virtutem). Also persequi, sectari, consectari qd ; studere ci rei ; concupiscere qd ; ser- vire, inservire ci rei; niti, adniti ad qd. [See Strive.] || To be fond of. See Love. AFFECTATION, affectatio (the endeavour to say or write something surprising. V. Bremi ad Suet. Tib. 7). — *inepta imitatio (insipid, unnatural imitation).— in- eptiae (affected graces in one's carriage, manners, %c). — *putida elegantia (in writing). — simulatio (hypocriti- cal imitation of athg). ars nimia. nimia diligentia. nimia religio (of over-anxiety about accuracy, the result of wch is something unnatural and constrained). — affec- tatio et morositas nimia (over-anxiety in the choice of words, $-c. Suet). AFFECTED. A) of men, putidus (one who overdoes the thing : esply in speaking). — ineptus (forced). — mo- lestus (vexatiously silly). — arte quadam in ostentationem virtutum compositus. — vultuosus (grimacing). — gesti- AFF AFF culalionibus molestus {vexing one by his gestures, atti- tudes, fyc). To be a. in gait, mollius incedere {of a mincing, tripping, effeminate gait) ; magnifice incedere {of a stately one): — in manner, in gestu mollem esse, gesticulationibus molestum esse : in speech, putide {in an exaggerated manner) or inepte {in a forced manner) dicere or loqui. || B) Of things, putidus (overdone, ex- aggerated).— molestus {troublesome). — quaesitus {sought with pains).— ascitus (borrowed fm others, not natural; opp. nativus). A. words, apparata verba. One a.'d in his gait, in incessu mollior (Ov. A. A. 3, 306). AFFECTEDLY, putide, inepte.— (of gait), mollius {mincingly, trippingly), magnifice (in a stately way). To behave a., *putide se gerere. Syn. in Affected. AFFECTEDNESS. See Affectation. AFFECTION, || Love, fyc, amor (g. t., but esply a passionate love). — caritas (any tender, unsensual a.; esply that of parents towards their children : not used of things, except coun'ry, patriae or erga patriam, reipublicae). — pietas (dutiful a., natural a : e. g. a. towards the god», one's relations, country, fyc). — bene- volentia (good-will). — studium, voluntas (inclination, liking for). — indulgentia (indulgent a., overlooking of- fences, faults, fyc). — In Postaug. prose, affectio (Plin. Tac. fyc); affectus (Tac Suet. Q.). A. towards or for aby, amor in, erga, adversus qm; also amor cs; pietas, benevolentia, voluntas, in or erga qm : studium in qm, also cs. Maternal a., materni amoris cura: fraternal a., fraternus amor in qm. To love aby with extraordinary a., singulari amore qm amare ; qm in deliciis habere; summum me tenet cs studium. To ga^n aby's a., cs amorem, benevolentiam, voluntatem sibi conciliare. To cherish aby's a., cs amorem fovere; cs caritatem retinere. From a., propter amorem, or benevolentiam ; amore impulsus, incitatus, ex amore : fm pure a., ipsa qa. re captus : for a., prae amore. || Af- fection for a thing, amor, studium cs rei. To have an a. for alhg, cs rei esse amantem, studiosum, appe- tentem, cupidum; cs rei studio teneri, captum esse : sts qd petere, concupiscere [See Inclination]. \\ A state produced in a body or mind, affectio {generally of a temporary state, but also of a permanent one: e. g. affectio animi constans, C. diaOeair y]/vx>is). — (animi) affectus (in the best prose-writers, only, state or disposition of mind, but in Quintilian's time=7rd9o? ; and in pi. 'the affections' generally: also, a. of body, Cels). \\Passion of any kind, affectio, affectus {see just before). — animi concitatio. animi impetus. {stronger) animi perturbatio. motus animi turbatus or perturbatus (violent emotion. — animi affectio, the state or disposition : animi motus, commotio, or permotio, emotion of the mind generally). A temporary a., tem- porarius animi motus (s. Quint. 5, 10, 28). Vehement or violent a , acerrimus animi motus ; vehemens animi impetus. [See Passion.] AFFECTIONATE, tener (tender; sensitive).— mollis {soft, gentle). — blandus (shoiving visible signs of affec- tion).— amoris plenus (full of love). — amans (mly toith gen. of a person tenderly beloved: e. g. uxoris). — pius (full of dutiful affection to parents, children, fyc). — in- dulfiens (overlooking faults). Jn. amans indulgensque. [$5f° affectuosus in very late writers: Macrob. Cassiod. Tertull.] A. upbraidings, molles querelas: — to write an a. letter to aby, literas amoris plenas dare ad qm : very a words, verba blandissima, amantissima. AFFECTIONATELY, blande, amanter, pie. To look a. at aby; prps molli vultu qm aspicere (0. Met. 10, 609): to behave a. towards, ci multa blandimenta dare. AFFECTIONATENESS, pietas (a. as exhibited to- wards parents, fyc). — indulgentia (as shown in over- looking faults, fyc). — or by Crcl. with adj. AFFIANCE, fiducia (v.pr.). — fides (belief in a man's honesty). — spes firma or certa (confident expectation). — To have a. in athg or aby, fidere, confidere ci rei or ci : fretum esse qa, re or qo (to build on alhg) : fiduciam habere cs rei (to rely confidently on athg). \\Marriage contract, sponsalia. AFFIANCE, v. spondere, despondere (ci qam : de- sponsare, late).— destinare ci(jamdestinataerategregio juveni, Plin.) is Postaug. in the sense of despondere ci. To a. oneself to aby, despondere sibi qam (of the man) ; ci desponderi (of the woman). || A ffi a need, sponsus ; to aby, sponsa, desponsa ci (of the woman). AFFIDAVIT, no exactly corresponding term: prps testimonium (as opp. to testis or praesens testis) or tes- timonium recitatum (' testimonia quae recitari solent.' Callistr. Dig.).— [^testimonium affirmate ( = cumjure- jurando) scriptum(?) or "consignatum Uteris testimo- nium (l)]—Sts jusjuraudum only, or *fides jurejurando (17) data. To make a., *affirmate scribere (?) with ace. and inf. — jurare ; jurejurando firmare. AFFILIATION. See Adoption. AFFINITY, affmitas. To make a. with (Bible Tr.), affmitatem cum qo conjungere ; cum qo affinitate sese conjungere, sese devincire. Relations by a., affines. affinitate conjuncti. To be connected by a., affinitate inter se jungi, devinciri. \\ Close connexion, similarity, cognatio, conjunctio. Tohavean a. with athg, cognationem habere cum qa re ; propinquum, fini- timum, propinquum et finitimum esse ci rei : there is some a. between our souls and the gods, animus tenetur quadam conjunctione deorum: not to bear the least a. to athg, remotissimum esse a re. ^ Power of at- tracting, *attrahendi, quae dicitur, vis (propr.) — *vis ad se illiciendi or atrrahendi (impropr.). AFFIRM, ajo (opp. nego : absol. or with ace and inf.). — affirmare (assert that something is so). — confir- mare (a. and support the assertion by reasons). || C on- firm a contract, law, judgement, fyc, sancire (pactum, legem, &c); cs rei auctorem fieri (e.g. legis ; of its reception by the senate) ; ratum facere, efficere ; ratum esse jubere (see Confirm). AFFIRMATION, affirmatio. || Confirmation (Vid.) of a law, fyc, confirmatio, auctoritas, fides. AFFIRMATIVE, ajens (opp. negans, 'negantia con- traria ajentibus,' C). — affirmans (asserting that some- thing is so: in late grammarians affirmativus). An a. answer, affirmatio. AFEIRMATIVELY, no exactly corresponding word : affirmanter in Gell. is 'with confidence:' affirmate, C. &c. is ' positively,' ' with an oath.' AFFIX, v. figere, affigere qd ci rei ( join one thing to another: also, with nails) — alligare qd ad rem, annec- tere qd ad rem or ci rei (to bind one thing to another). — assuere ci rei (to stitch together). — agglutinare ci rei (to glue together). — apponere qd ci rei or ad qd (v. pr. of placing one thing by another). — adjicere qd ci rei (to add a supplementary remark, fyc, to something before said). To a. a fine, ci multam dicere (of the judge: irrogare, of the accuser) To a. a name to athg, ci rei nomen or vocabulum imponere : a meaning to a word, verbo vim, sententiam, notionem subjicere. AFFIXION, affixio (very late) — alligatio (Cel.). AFFLICT, angere (to fill with fear, anguish : — of future things). — torquere, cruciare, excruciare (to tor- ture, fyc). — ci aegre facere. ci injuriam inferre (of per- sons). — qm mordere, pungere (to sting, vex, fyc, of things). — fodicare, fodicare animum (prop, to dig into: hence vex, sting). — vexare (to vex, harass), dolorem ci facere, efficere, afferre, commovere, incutere; dolore, sollicitudine, aegritudine, qm afficere. To a. oneself, affiictare se(C), affiictari (C), angi; cruciari; laborare; sollicitum esse. To a. with disease, morbo afficere. See Afflicted. AFFLICTED, to be, dolere ; in dolore esse ; dolore angi ; in mcerore jacere : sollicitudinem habere ; in sollicitudine esse; aegritudinem suscipere ; aegritudine affici ; about athg, laborare, sollicitum esse de re ; affiictari de re (C.) : anxium et sollicitum me habet qd ; about aby, aegritudinem suscipere propter qm. || With disease, morbo laborare, affectum esse, vexari. See Disease. AFFLICTED (as adj.), sollicitus; aegritudine affec- tus, aeger animo or animi. AFFLICTEDNESS. See Affliction. AFFLICTER, vexator. — afflictor (found but once: a person who injures or destroys: a. dignitatis, &c). AFFLICTION, \\Subjectively as a state of mind, miseria (wretchedness). — aegritudo, aegrimonia (opp. alacritas; sickness of soul fm a sense of present evil; the latter implying that it is an abiding sense). — dolor (opp. gaudium, a present sense of hardship, pain, or grief). — tristitia, moestitia (the natural, involuntary manifes- tation of grief). — angor (passionate, tormenting appre- hension of a coming evil: sollicitudo being the anxious unsettling apprehension of it). — mceror (is stronger than dolor, being the feeling and its manifestation). — afflictatio (=' aegritudo cum vexatione corporis, C). — luctus (is mourning: i e. by conventional signs). ^Objectively ; an affliction, malum, pi. mala. — aerumna (an old and half-poetical word; but used by C. a hardship that almost exceeds human strength). — casus adversus, or, fm context, casus only, res adversee, fortunae afflictae. — fortuna adversa. — calamitas, miseria, acerbitates (Syn. in Adversity). Time of a., res misera?, affiictae, au- gust iae temporum, tempora luctuosa. ^^° infortu- nium is used by the Comic writers only, of a corporal punishment. To be in a., in miseria esse or versari, miserum esse : in summa infelicitate versari : in malis C AFF AFR esse, jacere ; malis urgeri ; in malis versari ; pessimo loco esse ; iniquissima fortuna uti. angi ; angore con- fici; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri; angi intimis sensibus: angore cruciari : about athg, dolere or moerere rem or re ; dolorem ex re capere, accipere, suscipere, haurire; molestiam trahere ex re {to feel oppressed and dispirited by it) : in great a. about athg, magnum dolo- rem ex re accipere ; ex re magnam animo molestiam capere : to come into a., in miseriam incidere ; in mala praecipitare : to relieve aby fm a., miseriis qm levare : to deliver him, amiseria vindicare ; ex miseriis eripere : to endure a., miserias ferre, aerumnas perpeti {i. e. pa- tiently to the end). AFFLICTIVE.tristis.— miser.— acerbus.— luctuosus. —gravis. AFFLUENCE, "» divitiae (riches, g. t.), copia rei AFFLUENCY, / familiaris.— opulentia (stronger: the possession of money, estates, fyc, as a means of aggrandizing oneself). — vita bonis abundans. To live in a., divitem esse ; satis divitem, &c. See Affluent. AFFLUENT, fortuna*us (C). — abundans. dives, locuples. satis dives, satis locuples (dives, rich = irXovatos, opp. pauper : locuples, wealthy = ucpveios, opp. egens, egenus). — bene numatus,pecuniosus(Aat;m^ much money). — opulentus, copiosus (opulent; opp. inops ; rich in means and resources to obtain influence, power, §c). — copiis rei familiaris locuples et pecuniosus. — Very a., beatus. perdives, praedives. locupletissimus, opulentissimus. To become an a. manfm a poor one, ex paupere divitem fieri : to become a., fortunis augeri ; fortunam amplificare. ad opes procedere ; locupletari. AFFLUX, ^afnuentia (act of flowing to). There AFFLUXION.J was a great a. of men there, magna erat hominum eo loco frequentia, celebritas: ^f men to Athens, multi Athenas confluxerant. \\An afflux: quod ad qm or qd affluit. — allapsus (occurs twice: ser- pentium, H. fontis, Appul.). Sts accessio (if it means something additional): of men, concursus. AFFORD. || Yield, of the earth, trees, %c: ferre, efferre, proferre. fundere. effundere (of nature, the earth, afield: fund, and effund. = yield abundantly). — a. fruit or produce, ferre fruges, or ferre only ; frucium afferre ; efierre (esply of a field). The tree a.'s its fruit, arbor fert. || Produce, cause, %c, afferre (to bring). — facere, efficere(2o cause). — esse (with dat.). — praestare. To a. profit or pleasure, utilitatem or voluptatem afferre; usui or voluptati esse : to a. any body continual pleasure, voluptatem perpetuam praestare ci : comfort, consolation, solatium dare, praebere, afferre, solatio or solatium esse. To a. no consolation (of things), nihil habere consolationis : a. hope, qm in spem vocare or adducere (ad. also of things) : of athg, cs rei spem ci afferre, ostendere or ostentare ; spem cs rei ci offerre (of things); spem ci rei praebere: an expectation, ex- spectationem movere, commovere, facere, concitare: assistance, auxilium or opem ferre ci (agst athg, contra qd).— qm opera adjuvare in qa re, ci opitulari in qa re facienoa, ci operam suam commodare ad qd, ci operam praebere in qa, re (to serve or assist in the execution of athg: the last esply of assistance with one's own hands). || To be able to buy with prudence, *tanti, tarn care, tanta pecunia emere posse : tantam impensam facere posse (of a large outlay). — suum facere posse (to be able to make athg one's own). I cannot a. athg, *multo pluris est qd, quam ut ego emere, or meum facere, possim. \\ To be able to sell without loss, or with sufficient profit. I cannot a. for less, non possum minoris vendere. AFFRANCHISE See Free, v. AFFRAY, v. See Frighten. AFFRAY, s. pugna (the general term for a fight, whe- ther of two^ persons or m ore).— pugna in arto (see Walch, Tac. Agr. 36, p. 365).— tumultus (a tumultuous con- course, uproar, fyc). AFFR1CTION, affrictus (PZm.).-[affricatio (Ccel Aurel.) ] AFFRIGHT, v. See Frighten. AFFRIGHT, s. \ „ „ AFFRIGHTMENT, J 6wlEAR - AFFRONT. \\Meet, or go I o m e e t, occurrere (ob- viam).— offendere qm; incidere ci or in qm (by acci- dent).— obviam ire ci (to go to meet). See Meet. \\Meet in a hostile manner, fyc, occurrere, ob- viam ire (g. t.).—se offerre ci rei (e. g. periculis).— re- sistere; confidenter resistere. \\ Offer an insult to, contumeliam ci imponere. qm contumelia insequi. — contumeliis insectari. maledictis vexare (to insult with insolent words).— sugillare (affront scornfully, con- temptuously).— offendere qm (to affront, displease; whe- ther intentionally or not).— qmignomiuia, afficere, igno- (18) r> miniam ci imponere, injungere (of gross insults, causing public disgrace). To be affronted, ignominia or contu- melia affici: ofFendi (to feel affronted). To a. with words, verbis or voce vulnerare, violare. contumeliam ci dicere. To feel affronted, injuriam sibi lactam putare ; at athg, qd in or ad contumeliam accipere : *qa re se laesum or violaturn putare. AFFRONT, contumelia (a wrong done to one's hon- our), offensio (a state of mortified feeling ; but also the act that causes it). — injuria (an a. felt to be a wrong). — opprobrium (a. conveyed by reproachful words). To look upon athg as an a., qd in or ad contumeliam acci- pere. ignominiae loco ferre qd. ignominiae or piobro habere qd. To put an a. on aby, contumeliam ci im- ponere. See Affront, v. || Attack. Vid. AFFRONTER, qui ci ignominiam or injuriam in- jungit. AFFRONTING,) contumeliosus.— injuriosus (inju- AFFRONTIVE, J riousto one's honour). — ignomini- osus (causing a loss of reputation, outward respect, rank, fyc). — probrosus (attacking one's moral character). A. words, verborum contumeliae. voces mordaces or acu- leatae ; verborum aculei (stinging words). To be of an a. nature, habere qd offensionis (of a thing). AFFUSE, affundere ci (poet, and Postaug. prose, T. PL). — admiscere qd qa re or ci rei; qd in qam rem (PI. cum qa re, Col. to mix it with). — superfundere qd ci rei (to pour it upon: chiefly poet, and Postaug. prose). AFFUSION. Crcl. by partcp. To melt athg by an a. of wine, liquefacere qd affuso vino (Plin.). — Sis suffusio (a suffusion; a pouring in fm below: Postaug.). AFFY. || Betroth, spondere, despondere (despon- sare, Postaug. Suet.) ci qam. See Betroth. AFIELD, *in or ad agrum or agros. To go a., *in agros domo exire. AFLOAT. To make a ship a., navem deducere — to get a ship a. (that has struck a rock), navem scopulo detrudere (Virg.). AFOOT, pedibus. To go, come, travel, fyc. a., pedi- bus ire, venire, iter facere. See ' On Foot.' AFORE. See Before. AFOREGOING, antecedens, prsecedens. — prior, su- perior (praeteritus not to be used in the sense of just past, of time). AFOREHAND. See Beforehand. AFOREMENTIONED, "j de qo supra commemo- AFORENAMED, [ ravimus ; quem supra AFORESAID, J commemoravimus, dixi- mus; quod supra scripsi; de quo a nobis antea dictum est : — also by ille only. — [supra dictus, commemoratus ; praedictus, praenominatus, uncl.] In the afore-men- tioned, fyc. manner, ut supra dictum est ; ut supra scripsi. AFRAID, anxius, trepidus (full of anxiety, confu- sion). — sollieitus (anxious fm fear of a future evil). — formidinis plenus. territus (frightened): extetritus, perterritus (dreadfully frightened). Afraid of athg, timens, extimescens, reformidans, fyc. qd (if a partcp. will suit the meaning). — qa re or metu cs rei perterri- tus. — sollicitus de re qa. Not a. of death, non timidus ad mortem. — non timidus mori (poet.). || To be afraid, anxium, trepidum, &c. esse: of athg, timere (qm or qd), metuere (qm or qd), extimescere, perti- mescere, vereri (qm or qd), pavere (qd or ad qd), hor- rere, foimidare, reformidare (Syn. in Fear), in metu ponere or habere qd. Jn. metuere ac timere; metuere atque horrere. Not to bea., sine metu (timore) esse; metuvacare; bonum habere animum. bono esse animo (to be of good courage). — securum esse (to apprehend no danger). Don't be a., bono sis animo; bonum habe animum ; noli timere or laborare ; omitte timorem. Not to be afraid of aby or athg, contemnere qm or qd (to despise). To be a. for or about aby or athg, metuo, timeo ci (rei), or de qo, qa re ; extimesco, per- timesco de re, vereor ci rei. To begin to be a., ad timorem se convertere. To be a little a., subtimere (of athg) qd; that fyc, ne); subvereri (ne&c). To make aby a. of one, sui timorem ci injicere. m$§§T That, 'not,' 'lest,' are translated by ne after verbs of fearing ; ' that— not,' 'lest — not,' by ut or ne non (stronger); and that the Eng. fut. becomes in Lat. the pres. subj. — See Fear. AFRESH, denuo (veoOev eic kcuwjc when what had ceased begins again).— de or ab integro (e? virapxhs, when what had disappeared, been lust, <$-c. is reproduced by the same cames: Silv. age, ex integro).— iterum (a second time). — rursus (again). It is often translated by re (red) prefixed to a verb : e.g. a sedition breaks out a., recrudescit. To begin c, repetere (v. pr.).— iterare (for AFT AGA the second time). — redintegrare {quite fm the beginning). — retractare {to go over a lesson, fyc. again; think over again). — iterum legere {to read aihg again for the second time). — l^fT not iterata or repetita vice. AFT, s. puppis. To sit a., sedere in puppi (C. but Jig. of an influential statesman). AFTER, || Of succession in time, post. — se- cundum {immediately after). — still stronger sub with statim, of things connected in order of time. — a, ab ( from: after, of what has been done, or not done, fm a point of commencement to be strongly marked). — e, ex {nearly = a, ab, but intimating a closer dependence of one thing on another ; a passing into one state fm an- other, 8(c). After this, I ask, fyc, secundum ea, quaero, &c. A. three days, post ejus diei diem tertium : a. three years, post tres annos : a. some years, aliquot post annos : a. many years, post multos annos (multis post annis = many years after). A. aby's consulship or pro- consulship, post qm consulem, proconsulem. A. {im- mediately after) the consul's donation, secundum dona- tionem consulis. Immediately a. those {letters), yours were read, sub eas statim recitatae sunt tuae {so statim sub mentionem cs). The Germans bathe as soon as they get up, Germani statim e somno lavantur : after the day when 8fc, ex eo die, quo &c. : one evil a. an- other, aliud ex alio malum (Ter.) ; to go into Gaul a. his consulship, ex consulatu in Galliam proficisci : day a. day, diem ex die. diem de die {not de die in diem) : to look {i. e. in expectation) day a. day, diem de die prospectare (ecquod auxilium — appareret. L.). — Imme- diately a. the battle, confestim a proelio (redire) : Homer lived not very long a. them, Horn, recens ab iilorum aetate fuit : the hundredth day a. the death of Clodius, centesima lux ab interitu Clodii : {immediately) a. that meeting ambassadors were sent, ab ilia concione legati missi sunt. — as soon as I came to Rome a. your de- parture, ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni. — one a. another, ordine, deinceps {in a row). — continenter. continue (Prce-, and Post- class, unless in two passages of Quint, where the best MSS. have continuo, Freund. : continuo = statim, nulla mora interposita). — alter post alrerum. alius super alium. So many days one a. an- other, tot dies continui. Sts, esply in Cces., the abl. only is used: e.g. cs adventu, discessu, fuga ; solis occasu {a. aby's arrival, departure, flight; a. sunset). — After post the action is often expressed by a participle: e. g. a. the taking of Vei>, post Veios captos : so post urbem conditam; post hanc urbem constitutam {a. the building of the city). — Sts ablatt. abs. are used {when the action or state described by the abl. abs. is the cause or condition of what follows) : anno interjecto {a. a year) : Hannibal in Italiam pprvenit Alpibus superatis {after crossing the Alps). — 1| Succession in order, rank, fyc. secundum (post is only ' after' of succession in time: in space it is 'behind,' opp. ante). — Generally by secundus, proximus a qo, or proximus ci {next a. in place, lit. or fig.). A. you, I like nothing so well as soli- tude, secundum te nihil est mini amicius solitudine. — proxime : next a. these, those are dear to us, fyc, prox- ime hos, cari &c. (C.) [Tac. juxta: e.g. juxta deos.] || Of a rule followed, proportion to, conform- ity with, fyc, secundum. — e, ex, sts de {when the thing is also a cause). — pro {in proportion to). — ad {of a rule, copy, #c. that is followed. J^^T Juxta in the sense of secundum belongs to sinking Latinity). — to live a. nature, secundum naturam vivere {or naturae convenienter). — to take athg a. its intrinsic value {Bacon), ex veritate qd sestimare : a. the example of, ad exemplum ; a. the model, pattern, fyc, ad exem- plum, ad effigiem ; a. the manner, de more. a. my own manner, meo modo {PL Ter.). a. my own original way of speaking, meo pris'.ino more dicendi. || After a sort, quodam modo. AFTER, conjunct, postquam. posteaquam.— ut, ubi («)-quum {when). ggp° a) ut, ubi intimate the im- mediate succession of the second event, whereas postquam only states it to be after the first. Hence they prefer the perf. to the pluperf, and often take statim, repente, primum, &c. — b) postquam in direct narrative mly takes the perf. or present: seld. the plup. except in the form ' so many days, years, fyc. a. another event hap- pened.'— c) For ubi, ut, quum, see "When.— d) quum can only be used when things are stated as facts in a narrative ; not of local relations, e. g. of passages in a book ; where postquam or ubi must be used. Passages like C. Tusc. i. 48, 103. Acad. ii. 32, 104, $c. only ap- pear to be at variance with this rule. — Three years a. he had returned, post tres annos or tertium annum quam redierat ; tertio anno quam redierat : tribus annis or tertio anno postquam redierat: tertio anno quo re- (19) dierat. The day a. I left you, postridie quam a vobis discessi. The year a., postero anno quam &c. — Very often partcpp. are used instead of these particles {abl. abs. if the 'subject' of both clauses is not the same): e.g. most speeches are written a. they have been delivered, pleraeque scribuntur orationes habitae jam : a the mur- der of Dion, Dionysius again became master of Syracuse, Dione interfecto Dionysius rursum Syracusarum poti- tus est. || After is often untranslated, the notion of it being already contained in the verb : e. g. to follow a., sequi, sectari ; to thirst a., sitire qd ; to ask or en- quire a., quaerere rem or de re; inquirere in qd, to long a., cupere qd, &c — to make athg a. the pattern of something else, imitari qd ; qd imitando exprimere, effingere, &c. : to run a. aby, qm sectari : to send a. aby, qm arcessere, &c. || = afterwards. Vir>. AFTER-, in composition, may sts be translated by posterior (opp. superior) ; secundus ; serus {too late). AFTER-AGES, posteritas. posteri. AFTER ALL, may sts be translated by ipse, sts by ne multa; ne longum faciam : 'a principle for wch, after all, they have no ground, but,' *sententia, cui et ipsi nihil subest, nisi &c, or *cujus ipsius, ne longum faciam, rationem afferent nullam, nisi &c. — sts by ad summam (in short, at last, after other things are men- tioned): often in questions, by tandem: 'but after all what is your own opinion?' *at quid tandem ipse sentis 1 sts by quid enim? (implying that the person ad- dressed cannot deny the assertion.) AFTER-BIRTH, secundae (partus). AFTER-COST, reliqua(p£., the unpaid portion of the expense, v. pr.). — 1| Fig. *incommoda quae qd sequun- tur. You will have to pay the a., *postmodo senties. AFTER-GAME. || To play an a. (= repair an evil), cs rei or ci rei medicinam adhibere : * ci incom- modo seram medicinam repenre. damnum sarcire, re- stituere : detrimentum sarcire, reconcinnare. AFTER-GATHERING, spicilegium (a gleaning).— racematio (in a vintage). To make an a., spicilegium facere ; racemari. impr. *omissa colligere. AFTER-MATH, fcenum auctumnale or chordum: to cut it, secare. AFTER-NOON, s. dies pomeridianus (Sen. Ep. 65, 1). — tempus pomeridianum. horae pomeridianae. In the a., post meridiem ; tempore pomeridiano ; horis pomeridianis. AFTER-NOON, adj. postmeridianus. pomeridianus (both forms used. C. prefers the latter, Oral. 47, 157: hut see Orell. on Tusc. iii. 3, 7). To make an a. call on aby, qm post meridiem con venire (on business), in- visere (to see how he is). — *qm officio pomeridiano pro- sequi (of a call of ceremony fin an inferior for the pur- pose of showing respect: off. pom. was the afternoon attendance of a client on his patron). The a. service, ♦sacra pomeridiana: a. preacher, sacerdos qui sacris pomeridianis interesse debet. — @>gi~ concionator pome- ridianus would be an a. haranguer. The a. sermon, ♦oratio in sacris pomeridianis habeoda (if not yet deli- vered), habita (if delivered). AFTER-PAYMENT, *pensio postea facta.— numi additi (additional sum paid). AFTER-PIECE, *fabella argumenti brevioris, quae post comcediam agitur. The a. will be — , *hanc fabu- lam sequetur — . AGAIN, rursus orrursum (again). — iterum (a second time). — denuo (= de novo, anew ; relates to time, deno- ting repetition after an interval). — ex integro (in Silv. age also integro ; quite afresh ; relates to the thing itself, which is to be brought back to a former state). — vicissim (in turn; in the same manner that another has done it in before).— With verbs it is often translated by there (red) of a compound verb: to rise again, resurgere. f| Hereafter, post, posthac, postea. That thismay never happen a., id ne unquam posthnc accidere possit; whom I was not likely ever to see a., quem non erarn postea visurus. || In turn, contra, vicissim. \\ As used in a discourse to introduce an additional rea- son, praeterea. ad hoc, ad haec (besides this; never in good prose, super haec, super ista, adhuc).— jam, autem (when the discourse is carried on in parts). — accedir, accedit quod, hue accedit quod, addendum, eodem est, quod, adjice quod. ^^ not porro. || Again and again, etiam atque etiam. — iterum et saepius. — semel et saepius. semel atque iterum. semel iterumve (the two last less strong = several times, more than once). || As big again, altero tanto major (so longior, &c), duplo major. As much a., alterum tantum. duplum. AGAINST, || Direction towards, adversus. — in with abl. (after expressions of hate, displeasure, anger, a. aby). The hatred of the people a. this man was so C 2 AGA AGE great, in hoc tantum fuit odium multitudinis. So saevitiam exercere in qo ; vim adhibere in qo (to use violence a. him). \\ Direction with the notion of opposition to: a) of departure from, excess above a limit: praeter, e.g., a. expectation (not con- tra but) praeter opinio i era. So praeter spem. secus ac speraveram (a., i. e. worse than my hope and expecta- tion): praeter jus fasque ; praeter cs voluntatem (but also contra legem, contra cs voluntatem, of d red in- tentional opposition to them). To act a. a law, legem "violare or migrare. a. one's will, invitus (adj.): a. the will of Caius, Caio invito, b) of hostile oppo- sition, contra, adversus, in with ace. : a. the stream, adverso flumine; contra aquam [See Stream], a. the wind, vento adverso (navigare) : the wind is a. aby, (naviganti) ci ventus adversum tenet. A remedy a. athg, remedium adversus qd (that works against it: e. g. adv. venenum) ; remedium cs rei or ad quod (that is good for any disease : e. g. morbi, timoris, ad ocu- lorum morbos). To write a. aby, contra qm scribere : in, adversus qm scribere : librum edere contra qm (of publishing a. aby). To speak (i. e. as an orator) a. aby, contra qm dicere.— qd in qm dicere (to say athg a. aby) : to strive a. aby, adversus qm contendere : to argue a. athg, contra qd disserere. To help a. athg, see Help. — Against after a substantive must be transl. by a participle or rel. sentence: e. g. the speech a. Socrates, oratio contra Socratem habita ; oratio quae liabita est contra Socratem : the war a. the Persians, bellum contra Persas gestum; bellum quod contra Persas gestum est. To sin a. aby, peccare in qm. To excite the people a. aby, populum inflammare in qm : to be a. aby, facere contra qm (of the opp. party) ; dissidere cum qo (to be of a different opinion): to fight a. abij, pugnare contra qm (exadversus qm is, opposite him in the enemy's ranks) : to fight fur life and death a. aby, dimicare ad- versus qm. Sts ' against' is transl. by cum to mark the mutual relation of two parties (e. g. pugnare, queri, querelae cum qo). The poor can make good no rights a. the rich, nihil cum potentiore juris humani relin- quitur inopi. After verbs of defence, fyc. (tegere, munire, tutum esse, &c.) against is generally transl. by a, ab (as in English by 'from,' i. e. with respect to danger proceeding fm such a quarter) : e. g. vasa a frigoribus munire; forum defendere a Clodio; but they also use adversus or contra if the 'against' is to be strongly marked: e. g. munire adversus or contra qd (S. Jug. 89, 4. C. ad Div. 4, 14, 3); se defendere contra qd : qm defendere contra inimicos. To match a com- batant a. another, comparare qm ci (Su. Calig. 35), committere qm cum qo (T.). || Opposite to. Vid. || Of an object against which athg is done: after a verb of motion; ad, in. To run a. aby, incurrere in qm ; to strike, dash, knock oneself a. athg, qd ad qd offendere (e. g. caput ad fornicem, Q.); ofTendere qd (e.g. scutum, L.). offendere in qd (e.g. in stipitem, Colum.) : the waves beat a. the shore, fluctus illiduntur in litore or in litus (Q. doubtful reading). || A gainst = close by or to, juxta. See By. To put a ladder up a. a wall, scalas ad murum applicare -.lean a. See Lean. — 1| Of time, by which athg is to be done, in (with ace), ad. sub (a little before) : focum lignis ex- struere sub adventum lassi viri. H. \\ For and against, in utramque partem: with respect to my journey, many reasons occur to me for and against it, permulta mini de itinere nostro in utramque partem occurrunt (C). — Likeotherprepp.it may often be un- translated, the notion of it being already contained in the verb, e. g. by a compound with ob. To rail a. aby, ci conviciari (with dat. in Q. only): qm increpitare: to lean a. athg, acclinari ci rei : to run a. aby or athg, offendere qm or qd : to struggle a. the stream, obluctari fiumini (Curt.): to fight a. aby, oppugnare qm: to be a. aby, adversari ci. AGAMIST, qui ab uxore ducenda abhorret; cs ani- mus abhorret a nuptiis. AGAPE, hians ( purtcp. : e. g. in, to stand a.). To set aby a., qm in stuporem dare, obstupefacere, stu- pidum tenere. AGATE, Achates, m. AGARIC, agaricon (Plin. 25, 9, 57). AGE, 1) The natural duration of athg, esply of a man: astas (poet, aevum). — 2) Time of life or a certain portion of it, aetas. The flower of one's a., aetas florens; flos aetatis; aetas viri dis or integra : military a., aetas militaris ; of or about the military a., militiae maturus : the maturity, weakness of a., aetatis maturitas, imbecillitas : the strength of full a., aetatis robur, nervi : to be of the same a. as aby, aequalem esse ci : nearly of the same a., aetate proximum esse ci : to (20) be in the flower of Ms a., integra aetate esse; in ipso aetatis flore or robore esse : to be of a great a., longius aetate provectum esse : of a great a., grandis natu, aetate decrepita (the latter if accompanied with weak- ness): to be of such an a., id aetatis esse. || To be of or under age. Of a., sui juris, suae potestatis (no longer under the father's power). — suae tutelae (not re- quiring a guardian). — sui potens (g. t. for one who can act as he pleases, but sui judicii is a different thing / one who acts boldly up to his own principles) — to be of a., sui juris esse: to be nearly of a., prope puberem aetatem esse ; to be coming of a., sui juris fieri; in suam tutelam venire, pervenire : to declare a son of a., eman- cipate filium. — under a., infar.s (of a very young child), nondum adulta. aetate (g. t.), peradolescentulus, perado- lescens (still very young) : sons under a , filii famili- arum (Sail. Cat. 43, 2). — with ref. to ascending the throne, nondum maturus imperio : to appoint aby regent till his own children shall come of a., regnum ci com- mendare, quoad liberi in suam tutelam pervenirent (N. Eum. 2, 2). See Minor. || Old age, senectus, senilis aetas (age, whether with ref. to the weakness or to the experience of age: poet, senecta). aetas extrema or exacta; summa senectus (extreme old a. ). — senium (the time of feebleness), aetas decrepita (decrepitude). — ve- tustas (great age and consequent goodness of a thing long kept: e.g. of wine, fruits, 8cc). — A green old a., cruda ac viridis senectus (Viry.). to lite to or attain old a., senectutem adipisci, ad senectutem venire : to die at an advanced a., senectute diem obire supremum; ex- acta aetate mori : to die of old a., qm senectus dissolvit: to be worn out with old a., aetate or senio confectum esse : to make provision agst old a , senectuti subsidium parare. Age does not change the man, *lupus pilum mutat, non mentem. Age gives experience, seris venit usus ab annis (Ov.). Wisdom and experience belong to old a., mens et ratio et consilium in senibus est. \\ To be so many years of age, natum esse with ace. of the years; or esse with the gen. of the years: to be above so many years of a., vixisse, confecisse, complevisse, so many years. — Thus : he is nineteen years of a., decern et novem annos natus est ; decern et novem annorum est: he is above ninety years of a., nonaginta annos vixit, confecit, complevit : also, nonagesimum annum excessisse, egressum esse : above or under thirty-three years of a., major (or minor) annos tres et triginta natus; or major (minor) annorum trium et triginta: also major (minor) quam annos tres et triginta natus: major (minor) quam annorum trium et triginta He died at the a. of thirty-three, decessit annos tres et triginta natus: in the thirtieth year of his a., tricesi- mum annum agens. || An age — certain period of time, aetas {g. t. ; also of those who lived at the same time). — saeculum (large indefinite period: an age or generation : according to some, 30 ... 33 years: accord- ing to Etruscan and Roman usage 100 years. In the times of the empire, a reign, each emperor bringing in a new order of things). — tempus, tempora (the times or days of). The golden a., aetas aurea: a learned a., saeculum eruditum : the a. of Homer is uncertain, Homeri incerta sunt tempora : Socrates was not under- stood by the men of his a., Socratem aetas sua parum intellexit ; Socrates- ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur : there are hardly two good orators in an a., vix singulis aetatibus bini oratores laudabiles con- stitere : for that a., ut in ea aetate (i.e. of athg good, #c. for that a.). The spirit of the age, saeculi, hujus aetatis ingenium (so Aug. Wolf for the bad form saeculi genius, or indoles temporis. Tac. has aulae ingenium).— mores saeculi or temporum (its moral character, customary proceedings, fyc. Flor. Plin.): fm context, mores only (such is the spirit of the a., ita se mores habent. Sail. Fell.), — temporum natura atque ratio (circumstances of the times ; aft. Cic. ad Divin. 6, 6, 8).— saeculum (corrumpere et corrumpi non iliic saeculum vocatur, T. the spirit of the age; the fashion of the times).— tempora (the limes). — the licentious spirit of the a., licentia temporum: the irreligious spirit of the a., quae nunc tenet speculum nes. ligentia dei (deum L.). || The wants of our or the present age, ♦quod haec tempora requirunt : *quod nostris tempcri- bus desdderatur. || The history of our a., ♦nos- tras aetatis historia; aequalis nostras aetatis memoria (C. deLegg. i. 3, 8). AGED, aetate provectior or grandior, aetate jam senior (in advanced age); aetate affecius (feeling the effects of old age, aged : all of men). — vetus or A'etulus (pretty old, of men and things). — grandis, grandior (with or without natu).— aetate gravis, pergrandis natu, ex- actae jam aetatis (very a. ). — senex (an old man : never AGE AGN fern.). — decrepitus, setate or senio confectus (old and weak). Ana. man, senex, homo aetate grandior. See Old. AGENCY, || Operation, effectus (both the power of working possessed by athg and the effect). — vis (power). Jn. vis et effectus. — efficientia (working). — Sts impulsus (impulsion), appulsus (approximation of an effectual means or cause; esply of the sun: then, generally, the working of one thing on another). — 1| Office of agent, procuratio (g.t.). — cognitura (office of a procurator or agent, esply in fiscal matters). AGENT, actor (cs rei : doer of athg. often auctor et actor. Cccs. illo auctore atque agente. B. C. 1, 26). confector (one who completes a work). || To be a free a., sui juris, or suae potestatis, or in sua potestate esse, integrae ac solidae potestatis esse (to be one's own mas- ter). — nulla necessitate astrictum esse (bound by no necessity). — not to be a free a., ex alterius arbitrio pen- dere (but not aliunde or extrinsecus pendere, sts given, without reference to the context, fm Cic. adDiv. 5, 13, 2). || Natural agents, inaninia (pi., opp. aniraalia). — res naturales. — ratione carentia. rationis expertia. || To be aby's agent ( = manager of his affairs), ci a rationi- bus esse (fm an inscription) — cs res ac rationes curare. AGGELATION, congelatio (Postaug.). AGGLOMERATE, agglomerare (poet.). — glomerare, conglomerare. — complicare (fold together). — conglobare (roll up in a ball). — intrans.) conglomerari (Lucr.). — conglobari. — concrescere (grow together). AGGLUTINANTS, quae qd sanant, ut coeat. AGGLUTINATE, agglutinare (qd ci rei. C). AGGLUTINATION, conglutinatio (glueing together: agglutinatio not found). AGGRANDIZE, amplificare (to make of larger ex- tent, e. g. urbera, rem familiareisa : then fig. to make more important, either by actions or words, opp. minu- ere, infirmare : cs gratiam dignitatemque, to aggrandize a per son : cs gloriam: cs auctoritatem apud qm). — dilatare (to extend the superficies of athg, e.g. castra; cs imperium : then fig to increase athg by spreading it, e. g. cs gloriam). — propagare or proferre qd or fines cs rei (to increase by extending its boundaries : e. g. imperium, fines imperii). — augere (to increase by ad- dition). — multiplicare (to multiply). — majus reddere (to make larger). — efferre (raise). AGGRANDIZEMENT, || Ofaperso n withrespect to his rank: dignitatis accessio. — || Enlargement, amplificatio (enlargement of the contents of athg, as an action: e.g. gloriae. rei familiaris). — auctus (increase). — incrementum (increase, as thing added: e. g. rei familiaris, dignitatis). — propagatio, prolatio finium (the enlargement of a territory or kingdom). — Also by CRCL. with the verbs under Aggrandize. AGGR ANDIZ ER, amplificator : ofaby, cs dignitatis. AGGRAVATE, aggravare (Postaug. but often in Liv. : suraraam, pondus, dolorem, &c.).— gravius, majus red- dere. — augere (g.t. increase: e.g. molestiam, dolorem). — amplificare (dolorem. C). || To aggravate (rhetori- cally), augere, e. g. cs facti atrocitatem ; culpam (C). AGGRAVATION, crcl. fryt'erfawrcder Aggravate. AGGREGATE, s. summa. AGGREGATE, v. aggregare (C. : less common than adjungere, and only in prose, qm or qd, ad qm or qd : qm ci). — congregare (homines in locum. C.) AGGREGATION, crcl. by verb. — congregatio (ga- thering or heaping together). AGGREsS, aggredi qm or qd (e. g. inermes, bene comitatum— januam.regionem). — petereqm. — invadere in qm. — bellum ultro inferre. AGGRESSION. || Aggressive war, *bellum quod ultro infertur : *bellum ultro inferendum, or(if already begun) illatum. — Sts impetus, incursio. incursus (at- tack, g.t.: the two last of violent attacks). || Unpro- voked injury, generally injuria only. AGGRESSOR, \\In war, qui bellum suscepit: to be the a., bellum ultro inferre. || Generally ; qui injuriam ci fecit, intulit, imposuit: qui injuria qm lacessivit. AGGRIEVANCE. See Grievance. AGGRIEVE, || Cause grief to; fodicare. fodicare animum (to vex; of things). — ci aegre facere. ci inju- riam facere (of persons) : qm or cs animum offendere (of persons or things). — qm mordere or pungere (of things). — quam acerbissimum dolorem ci inurere (of persons). || To wrong, laedere (g. t , to hurt). — in- juria afficere qm ; injuriam ci facere, inferre, imponere : injuriam jacere or immittere in qm (to wrong): to think himself aggrieved, se laesum putare. aegre or moleste ferre : pro molestissimo habere (se, &c). AGHAST, territus, exterritus, perterritus, pertur- batus, (animo) consternatus (beside oneself with agita- (21) Hon). — (animo) confusus (confounded). — commotus, permotus (deeply moved). — Sts, afflictus, percussus, at- tonitus, fulminatus, exanimatus. Jn. obstupefactus ac perterritus : confusus et attonitus. You look a., vultus tuus nescio quod ingens malum praefert. To make aby stand a., cs mentem animumque perturbare; in perturbationem conjicere ; consternare ; percutere (not percellere). To stand a., stupere; cs animum stupor tenet. AGILE, pernix (opp. lentus : dexterous and active in all bodily movements). — agilis (poetical, and in Liv. 8fc. : supple, pliable : hence also dexterous in acting). — velox. AGILITY, pernicitas (nimbleness, as bodily strength and agility). — agilitas (suppleness ; quickness and dex- terity in moving and acting). AGIO, collybus. To make a deduction for the a., de- ductionem facere pro collybo (C. Verr. 3, 78, 181). AGITABLE, || That can be put in motion, mobilis. quod moveri potest. || That can be dis- puted, quod in controversiam vocari, deduci, adduci potest : quod in disceptationem vocari potest. AGITATE, propr.) || To put in motion, move re, commovere. — agitare (to move to and fro, up and down, fyc.).— quatere, quassare, concutere, conquassare (to shake). — incitare (to put in rapid motion : opp. tardare). — labefacere, labefactare (to make to totter) — impropr ) || To disturb, commovere (to move). — turbare, contur- bare (to disturb). — percutere, percellere (fig. to strike violently; make a violent impression, the former of a sudden, the latter of an abiding impression and its con- sequences) : — the mind, animum impellere, gravius affi- cere, commovere, permovere : aby, qm percutere ; cs animum graviter commovere : the state (seditiously), rempublicam quassare, concutere, convellere, labefac- tare, dilacerare (the last, to tear to pieces) : violently, remp. atrociter agitare (S. Jug. 37, 1): the empire, reg- num concutere, labefactare ; imperium percutere : the people, civium animos sollicitare ; cives, plebem, &c, sollicitare, concitare. — seditionem, tumultum facere, concitare ; seditionem commovere, concire (of exciting them to an uproar). || A question: asere rem or de re (g. t. to treat it, discuss it). — disputare, disserere de qa re (of the discussions of learned men; the latter, esply, of a continued discourse). — sermo est de re (of a conver- sational discussion, whether of two persons or more). — qd in controversiam vocare, deducere, adducere (to call it into dispute, H^~ agitare quaestionem, is: to think it over, weigh it in the mind). To be agitated : in controversial esse or versari ; in controversiam deduc- tum esse ; in contentione esse or versari; in discepta- tione versari : to begin to be agitated, in contentionem venire ; in controversiam vocari, adduci, deduci. AGITATION, || Motion : motus (in nearly all the acceptations of the Engl, word 'motion'). — motio (act of setting in motion). — agitatio (the moving to and fro, %-c). jactatus, jactatio (tossing and swelling motion: e. g. of the sea). To be in a., moveri, agitari. - semper esse in motu (to be in constant motion). || Violent motion of the mind: animi motus, commotio, con- citatio. — violent a., animi perturbatio. See Affection. To be in a state of violent a , perturbatum esse. Often by partcp. : in great a., valde, vehementer perturbatus : magno animi motu perturbatus : magna animi pertur- batione commotus. || Controversial discussion : quaestio (g. t. for an enquiry into). — disputatio (discus- sion of a controverted point, mly between two persons of different opinions). — tractatio (the handling of, e. g. quaestionum, Q.). To be in a. (of plans, fyc), agi. It is in a. to destroy the bridge, fyc, id agitur, ut pons — dissolvatur. || Disturbed state of populace: motus, motus concursusque, tumultus, turbae. \\ Act of agitating the people: prps, *sollicitatio plebis. AGITATOR, i. e. one who seditiously agi- tates the people, turbae ac tumultus concitator. stimulator et concitator seditionis. novorum consili- orum auctor. seditionis fax et tuba (of those who raise an uproar of the people). — concitator multitudinis. tur- bator plebis or vulgi (one who agitates them, unsettles their mind). — concionator (an haranguer : opp. animus vere popularis, C. Cat. 4, 5, 9). AGNAIL, paronychium or paronychia (napoivvxtov). — pure Lat. reduvia. To remove a.'s, reduvias or paro- nychias tollere. E§§p° pterygium (mepvyiov) is a differ- ent disease: when the skin grows over a nail of the finger or foot. AGNATE, agnatus (related by the father's side). AGN ATION, agnatio (relationship by the father's side). AGNIT10N, agnitio (onee in C.—Plin. Macrob. fyc). AGNIZE, agnoscere. AGN AGR AGNOMINATION, agnominatio (=Paronomasia. Auct. ad Herenn.). AGO, abhinc {with ace. or all.). — Sts ante with hie. Three years a., abhinc annos tres (or tribus annis).— Six months a., ante hos sex menses. — Sts the ubl. only will do : paucis his diebus (« few days ago) : and ante is found for abhinc without hie : e.g. qui centum milli- bus annorum ante occiderunt. Long a., pridem (opp. nuper ; marking a distant point of time). — dudum (opp. modo ; marking a space, but only of some minutes or hours). All often used with jam. He died long a., jam pridem mortuus est. You ought to have been executed lona ago, ad mortem te duci jam pridem oportebat. — $§$Tnot diu, wch goes with the perf. definite: jam diu mortuus est, 'he has been long dead.' No longtime ago, haud ita pridem. How long ago ? quam pridem 1 quam dudum ? — An immense time ago ! (in answer to a question: how long?) longissime ! (Plaul.) AGOG, appetens, cupidus, avidus cs rei. To be or be set a., concupiscere qd. trahi or trahi ducique ad cs rei cupiditatem. tenet me cupiditas cs rei or de (in respect of) re. avide affectum esse de re. cupiditate cs rei ardere ; incensum, inflammatum esse, ardet ani- mus ad qd faciendum, ardenter, fiagrantissime cupere, sitire. sitienter expetere, &c. — To set aby a., qm cu- piditate (cs rei) incendere, inflammare. ci (cs rei) cu- piditatem dare or injicere. qm in cupiditatem (cs rei) impellere. AGOING. To set agoing, movere (to set in motion). — initium facere. auspicari (qd, to make a be- ginning ; as a trial, as it were, of one's luck). — (ci) auc- torem, or suasorern et auctorem, or hortatorem et auc- torem esse cs rei (to be the principal adviser of it). AGONIZE, || To suffer agony: cruciari, excru- ciari, discruciari. — torqueri.— trans.) || To inflict agony : cruciare, discruciare, excruciare, excarnificare. — qm omnibus modis cruciare. AGONY, cruciatus (any pangs natural or artificial: applicable to pangs vf the conscience). — tormentum (esply pangs caused by an instrument of torture). Both often in plural. — also cruciamentum (a torturing, crucia- menta morborum, C). To be in a., cruciari; excru- ciari; discruciari; torqueri. AGRARIAN, agrarius. AGREE, concordare (to live or be in harmony: fra- tres concordant. Just, judicia opinionesque concordant : also qd cum qa re : caput cum gestu, Q. : sermo cum vita, S.). — concinere (to sing the same tune together ; to agree harmoniously ; together, inter se, or concinere absolutely, mundi partes inter se concinunt : videsne, ut haec concinunt? — with aby in athg, cum qo qa re. used also of agreement in words ; opp. discrepare). — con- gruere (opp. repugn are : vAth aby, ci or cum qo: with athg, ci rei or cum qa. re : together, inter se or absol. : used also of agreement or coincidence in time). — conve- nire (seldom except as under next head, convenire ad qd=/?<, suit). — consentire (prop, and esp'y of agreement in opinion: but, also, by a sort of personification, of things: dat. or with cum: together, inter se : e.g. vul tus cum oratione ; oratio secum; omnes corporis parte: inter se). — convenientem, aptum consentaneumque esse ci rei. To a. in opinion, is also, idem sentire cum qo (not adjicere ci. Gorenz). — Not to a., discrepare, dissentire, dissidere. — alienum esse re or a re. To a. with ( = be consistent with) himself, sibi (ipse) con- sentire. sib! or secum constare. The letters seemed to a. with the speech, literae consentire cum oratione visae sunt, C. So: sententia non constat cum— sententiis, C. \\Enter into, or accede to, an agreement: convenit ci cum qo; inter qos (not convenio cum qo). We agreed, inter nos convenit. I agreed with Dejo- tarus, mihi cum Dejotaro convenit, ut &c. — constituere qd (to agree about athg to be done). Pass, to be agreed. It was agreed, convenit or (if by treaty) pacto convenit (L.). Even the consuls were not thoroughly agreed, ne inter consules quidem ipsos satis conveni- ebat. All are agreed, inter omnes convenit. Of a thing, also personally, res convenit ci cum qo, or inter qos : the peace had been agreed upon, pax convenerat. What had been agreed upon, quae convenerant. If athg could be agreed upon between them, si posset inter eos qd convenire (C). The terms of peace had been agreed upon, conditiones pacis convenerant. \\ Assent to, as-entiri or (less cmly) assentire ci, that, ut, &c. (C. ad Alt. 9, 9, init.). — annuere (absolute). — In disputations : concedere qd. confiteri qd.— largiri or dare qd (of a voluntary concession). \\ To agree to athg, consentire ci rei or ad qd (to an offer or proposal : e. g. ad indu- tias).— concedere ci rei (to yield to it : e. g. cs postu- lationi (to aby's demand). — to a. to the terms, conditi- (22) ones accipere ; ad conditiones accedere or descendere (esply of coming in to them after long hesitation). || To agree=to live in harmo ny, concorditer (concordis- sime) cum qo vivere.— mira concordia vivere (T.). \\ To agree (of food, climate, fyc), salubrem esse :— not to agree, gravem, parum salubrem esse: (of food only), stomacho idoneum or aptum esse, convenire (Cels.). — sedere ci (H. ; not to rise). — 1| Agree (in Grammar), = be adapted, accommodari ad qd (gestus ad sensus magis, quam ad verba accommodatus, Q.). \\ Agreed! (as a form of accepting a bet) en dextram ! (here's my hand upon it). — cedo dextram (give me your hand upon it). AGREE, trns.) || Reconcile. Vid. AGREEABLE, gratus (valued as precious, interest- ing, worthy of thanks). — acceptus (welcomed). — jucundus (delightful, bringing joy to us). — suavis, dulcis, mollis (sweet, pleasing to the senses, and secondarily to the affec- tions. All these both of persons and things). — carus (dear: of persons). — urbanus (courteous, and sopleasing: of conversation, $c, or persons). — lepidus. facetus. fes- tivus (agreeable: of witty, spirited conversation, and of persons remai kable for it). — Of places, amoenus (agree- able to the senses). — laetus. Very a., pergratus, perju- cundus. || Consist ent with: accommodatus ci rei or ad qd. — aptus ci rei or ad qd. — conveniens, congru- ens (unci, congruus), consentaneus ci rei or cum re. Jn. aptus et accommodatus; aptus consentaneusque ; congruens et aptus ; aptus et congruens. To be a. to, consentire, congruere, &c, with dat. or cum. [See to Agree.] If it is a. to you, quod commodo tuo fiat: nisi tibi molestum est. AGREEABLENESS, jucunditas (agreeableness ; g. t. also of a pleasant style). — gratia (gracefulness, beauty : also, of style, Q. 10, 1, 65 and 96). — venustas (beauty). — suavitas (sweetness, attractiveness : of voice, speech, fyc). — dulcedo (sweetness, amiability). Jn. dulcedo atque suavitas (e.g. morum). — amcenitas (beauty: esply of places). — festivitas (pleasant, lively humour). — lepos (gracefulness and tenderness in words, style, a speech, one's ordinary conversation, 8fc). A. and fulness of style, suavitas dicendi et copia. || Consistency with, convenientia. to athg, cum qa re (C.).— (congruentia, Postaug. and very rare.) AGREEABLY, jucunde. suaviter. amcene. venuste. festive. [Sys. in Agreeableness.] To speak a., suavem esse in dicendo, quasi decore loqui (of an orator) : suaviter loqui. To tell a tale a., jucunde nar- rare. To writevery a., dulcissime scribere. \\Consist- ently with, convenienter, congruenter ci rei. apte ad qd. To live a. to naiure, naturae convenienter or con- gruenter vivere; secundum naturam vivere ; accommo- date (stronger, accommodatissime) ad naturam vivere. AGREEMENT, conventus, conventum ; constitutum (an agreement or understanding, not formally binding). — sponsio (an a. by which one paity binds himself to another : in war, an alliance or peace concluded by the commanders-in-chief, but not ratified by the authorities at home: non fcedere pax Caudina, sed per spon- sion em facta est. L.). — pactum, pactio [a formal public compact, legally binding on both parties : pactio, as act, pactum, as the thing agreed upon). To enter into or conclude an a. with aby, pacisci, depacisci, cum qo ; pactionem cum qo facere or conficere ; about athg, de qa re pacisci. To keep an a., pactum praestare ; in pacto manere; pactis or conventis stare. If an a. is not brought about, si res ad pactionem non venit (C). According to or by a., ex pacto; ex convento (as C. ad Att. 6, 3, 1); ex conventu (as Auct. ad Herenn. 2, 16). Jn. ex pacto et convento. |j Consistency with, con- venientia cum qa re. || Resemblance, quaedam or nonnulla similitude AGRICULTURAL, rusticus. agrestis. A. opera- tions, res rusticse. A. population, rustici : the a. popu- lation of Sicily, qui in Sicilia arant. To be devoted to a. pursuits, agriculturae studere. Devoted to a. pursuits, rusticis rebus deditus. AGRICULTURE, agricultura, or agri (agrorum) cultura ; or agri (agrorum) cultio (g. tt.). — aratio (till- age). — arandi ratio (the method of tillage). To follow a. as a pursuit, agrum colere, agriculturae studere ; arare (also to live by a.). AGRICULTURIST, rusticis rebus deditus (if it is a favorite pursuit). — homo rusticus. agricola. agri cultor. AGRIMONY, agrimonia (Cels. Plin.).— Eupatorium cannabinum (Linn.). AGRIOPHYLLUM, agriophyllon (AppuL). AGROSTIS, agrostis (AppuL). AGROUND. To run a., vado, in vadum, or litori- bus illidi (to run on a sandbank or the shore). — in litus AGU AIR ejici (to be stranded and wrecked). — in terrain deferri (to run ashore). — The fleet ran a., and was wrecked near the Balearic islands, classis ad Baleares ejicitur. — To be a., sidere (to touch the bottom, and so stick fast). || Fig. To be a. : i. e. in difficulty, unable to proceed, in luto esse (Plant.), haerere, haesitare (Ter.), difficultati- bus affectum esse. — = to be in debt, sere alieno ob- rutum or demersum esse. AGUE, febris frigida. febris intermittens. To have the a., febrim (frigidam) habere, pati. frigore et febri jactari (after C.'s, aestus et febris, Cat. 1, 13, 31). To catch the a., febrim (frigidam) nancisci, in febrim inci- dere ; febri corripi. AGUE-FIT, febrium frigus. frigus et iebris (after C.'s, aestus et febris). AGUISH, febriculosus. AH! Ah! (expressing pain, vexation, astonishment). \\ As expressing exultation, ha! ha! hse! (in the comic wrilers.\ AHA! Aha! (in the comic writers: of censure, or refusal: also of pleasure and exultation). — Eu, Euge (of somewhat ironical praise). AHEAD, ante qm, &c. To get a. of, praeterire; victam (navem) praeterire (Virg. 5, 156). || Fig. To run a., evagari (to wander away at will). — modum excedere (L. to transgress the bounds of moderation). AID, juvare, adjuvare, opera adjuvare (opp. impe- dire : to assist a person striving to do something, which our help may enable him to do sooner or better : in athg, in qa re). — auxilium ferre ci; auxiliari ci; esse ci auxilio. opem ferre ci. opitulari ci (opp. destituere, deserere : to help a person in distress. In auxilium ferre, &c, the helper is conceived rather as an ally , bound to assist: in opem ferre, &c, as a generous benefactor. Agst athg or aby, contra qd or qm). — succurrere ci (to run to aby's assistance in danger or distress). — ci sub- sidio venire, cisubvenire (to come to aby's assistance in danger or distress: also, of soldiers). — sublevare qm (to help a person up; assist in supporting him: e.g. qm facultatibus suis, C). [See Help.] To a. aby in doing athg, ci opitulari in qa re facienda. ci operam suam commodare ad qd. ci operam praebere in qa re (the last, esply of manual labour). Their bodily strength did not a. them, nihil iis corporis vires auxiliatae sunt CO. AID, s. auxilium (help considered with respect to the person assisted, whose strength is thereby increased: pi. auxilia, auxiliary troops). — ops (any means of assisting another ; help, with, reference to the giver). — subsidium (assistance provided agst the time of need : of troops, the reserve). — adjumentum (assistance, as what helps us to compass an object: e. g. adj. rei gerendae). — praesidium (protecting assistance; securing the obtaining of an ob- ject). — opera (active help rendered; service). — medicina cs rei (remedial a., serving for the prevention or re- moval of an evil). By aby's a., cs auxilio ; cs ope ; cs ope adjutus ; qo adjuvante ; qo adjutore; cs opera. — Without foreign (i.e. another person's) a., sua sponte, per se. By the a. of God, juvante Deo, divina ope, or (if spoken of conditionally) si Deus juvet or adjuvabit. By the a. of athg : mly the abl. only : e. g. ingenio et cogitatione. To offer one's a. to aby, offerre se, si quo usus operae sit: towards or for athg, ad qd operam suam profited : for any purpose whatever, in omnia ultro suam offerre operam. To bring a. to aby, ci aux- ilium, or opem auxiliumque, ci praesidium, or sup- petias, or subsidium ferre. ci auxilium afferre : ci prae- sidium offerre (of aid implored; see Liv. 3, 4) : ci auxilio or adjumento or praesidio esse : ci adesse or praesto esse. [See Aid, v. and Assistance.] To seek the a. of a physician, medico uti. medicum morbo adhibere : for a sick person, medicum ad aegrotum adducere. In every circumstance of life we require the a. of our fellow-men, omnis ratio atque institutio vitae adjumenta hominum desiderat. \\A subsidy, collatio (contribution of money to the Roman emperors). — stips. collecta, ae (a contri- bution). AID-DE-CAMP, *adjutor castrensis. — adjutor ducis, or imperatoris (after Or ell. Inscript. 3517, where adjutor cornicularii is found ). AIDANCE, see Aid, s. AIDER, adjutor. qui opem fert ci, &c. AIL, v. \\Pain, dolorem mihi atTert qd (mental). — dolet mihi qd (bodily or mental). — aegre facere ci (men- tal). || Indefinitely, to affect. What ails you, that you 8)-c? quid est causae, cur &c. ? quidnam esse causae putem, cur &c. ? (both with sub j.) || To be ail- i ng, tenui or minus commoda, or non firma valetudine uti. To be always ailing, semper infirma atque etiam aegra valetudine esse. (23) i!LMENT,}^ DlSEASE - AIM, s. A) Propr.— scopus (silver age. Suet. Bom. 19. the mark at wch one a.' s). To miss one's a., *scopum non ferire.— ictus cs deerrat (PI. 28, 3, 16).— B) Fig. propositum. — is, qui mihi est or fuit propositus, exitus. — finis (the thing principally aimed at : it is only used objectively ; e.g. domus finis est usus, C. Hence it must be used carefully, and not be supposed synony- mous with consilium, propositum. mens). Withwhata.? quid spectans? with this a., hac mente, id spectans. — Cic. uses the Greek, anguinitate propinquus (by blood: esply of full brothers and sisters). Iggp These may be used subst,, as propinquus meus, &c. To be a. to aby, ci propinquum esse, ci or cum qo propinquitate conjunc- tum esse. — consanguinitate ci propinquum esse, san- guinis vinculo ci or cumqo conjunctum esse (by blood). To be near a., arcta propinquitate ci or cum qo con- junctum esse, propinqua. cognatione ci or cum qo con- junctum esse (if by the mother's side). — Imfropr.) || Propinquus (ci or ci rei). — finitimus, vicinus (ci or ci rei). Jn. propinquus et finitimus; vicinus et finitimus. The poet is near a. to the orator, oratori finitimus est poeta. All the arts and sciences are a. to one another, omnes artes quasi cognatione aliqua inter se conti- nentur. ALABASTER, gypsum, alabastrites. An a. box, alabaster, alabastra, pi. ALACK, eheu! pro dolor! vae mihi ! proh dii im- mortales ! deos immortales ! pro deum fidem ! ALAMODE. To be a., in more esse, mods esse (of customs). An article quite a., merx delicata (Sen. Be- nef. 6, 38, 3). See Fashionable. ALARM, s. ad arma ! (call to arms). To give or sound an a., conclamare ad arma. — Impr.) Disturb- ance : turba (noise, confusion, wild disorder). — tumul- tus, tumultuatio (noisy uproar, whether of an excited multitude or of an individual : then, like trepidatio, the fear, %c. caused by it). — strepitus (roaring, bawling noise). Jn. strepitus et tumultus. A false a., tumultus vanus. To raise an a. about nothing, excitare fluctus in simpulo (prov. C. de Legg. 3, 16, 36). To make an (24) a., tumultuari. tumultum facere. strepere. To give an a. of athg, clamare, proclamare, clamitare qd : of fire, ignem or incendium conclamare (Sen. de lr. 3, 43, 3). To be in a., trepidare. There is terror and a. everywhere, omnia terrore ac tumultu strepunt (L.). The whole house is in a. and confusion, miscetur domus tumultu (V. JEn. 2, 486).— 1| Fear, Vid. ALARM, v. Propr ) To call to arms, conclamare, ad arma! \\ Disturb, turbare, conturbare. perturbare. — miscere, coramiscere. confundere.— concitare. || Dis- turb with apprehension, commovere; sollicitare; sollicitum facere. — turbare, conturbare, perturbare. This a.'s me, hoc male me liabet ; hoc me commovet, pungit : a.'s me exceedingly, est qd mihi maximo terrori. ALARM-BELL, *campana incendii index (for fire). — *campana incursionis hostium index (for invasion). ALARM-POST, *locus quo milites ad arma concla- mati conveniunt. ALARMING. To send a very a. report, pertumul- tuose nunciare. ALARUM, *suscitabulum. || Alarm, Vid. ALAS! oh! (expressing emotion). — pro! or proh ! (expressing complaint; also astonishment.) — eheu! heu! (expresses pain or complaint.) vae! (expressing sorrow, displeasure, #c.)— vae mihi! vae mihi misero ! proh dolor! me miserum ! Alas ! for heaven's sake, proh dii immortales ! deos immortales ! pro deum fidem ! Alas! so are we degenerated! tantum, proh! degene- ravimus. Alas! shall I ever . . .1 en umquam . . .? (in questions implying a vehement desire.) ALAS-A-DAY, \ «„ At ._, ALAS-THE-DAY, J bee ALAS ! ALB, *alba (sc. vestis. ut diaconus .... alba" indu- atur. Cone. Carth. iv. 41). ALBEIT, see Although. ALBUGO, albugo, oculi albugo (Plin.). ALCAID, \\ Judge of a city, *judexurbanus. || Govern- our of a town or castle, praefectus urbis, oppidi, castelli. ALCHYMIST, *alchymista. ALCHYMY, »alchymia. ALCOHOL, *spiritus vini. ALCORAN, *Coranus. ALCOVE, zotheca (cabinet : for sleeping in by day. Plin.). — dimin. zothecula. ALCYON, alcedo (poet, alcyon).— (*alcedo ispida, Linn.). ALDER, alnus. ALDERLIEVEST (Shaksp. the German, allerliebst), dilectissimus. unice dilectus. ALDERMAN, decurio (according to Rom. usage). — prps *magistratus municipalis. ALDERN, alneus. ALE, cerevisia (a drink of the ancients brewed from corn. To describe the Germ, beer, T. uses Crcl. : humor ex hordeo aut frumento in qaandam similitudinem vini corruptus. Germ. 23, ]). — zythum (£v0os, PI. Pand.). To brew a., *cerevisiam coquere. A bottle of a., *lagena cerevisiae. A barrel of a., *dolium cere- visiae. A glass of a., *vitrum cerevisiae. A jug of a., *canthara cerevisiae. ALE-BREWER, *cerevisiae coctor. ALE-CELLAR, *cella cerevisiaria. ALE-HOUSE, caupona (g. t. public-house). To keep an a., cauponam exercere. — *cerevisiam divendere. ALE- HOUSE-KEEPER, caupo. ALE-KNIGHT, potator. acer potor. ALEMBIC, *alembicum. ALERT, alScer (energetically active and in high spirits).— veggtus (awake; aliveboth inbody andmind) — vividus, vigens (full of life and energy). — promptus (ready, always prepared). Jn. alacer et promptus : acer et vigens. To be on the a., vigilare, cavere, ne &c. \\Pert, smart: procax (boisterously forward fm assu- rance and impudence). — protervus (impetuously, reck- lessly, insolently forward). — lascivus (full of fun and high spirits). ALERTLY, alacri animo (alacriter late. Ammian.). — acriter (with fire and energy). — hilare (cheerfully, gladly). ALERTNESS, alacritas (energetic vivacity, evincing spirit and activity). — vigor (vigorous activity).-- hilaritas (mirthful, joyous activity). ALEXANDRINE, *versus Alexandrinus. ALEX1PHARMIC, alexipharmacon (only Plin. 21, 20, 84). ALGEBRA, *algSbra. ALGEBRAIC, 1 „ . . ALGEBRAICAL, } *algebraicus. ALGID, algidus. ALGIDITY, algor. ALG ALL ALGIFIC, algificus (Gell.). ALGOR, algor. ALIAS, sive, seu.— vel. ALIEN. || Foreig n, propr. See Alien, s. || Fo- re ign to, alienus (not relating or belonging to me: opp. to meus or amicus) : fm athg, ci rei, qa, re, ab qa re : fm aby, ci, ab qo. To be a.fm, alienum esse, ab- horrere a, &c. ALIEN, s. alienigena (born in a foreign country: opp. patrius, indigena). — advena (one who has come into the country fm the country of his birth : opp. to indigena: but the proper opp. to advenae is aborigines, avToxOoies, the original inhabitants). — peregrinus (one traveling or sojourning in a country, and therefore not possessing the rights of citizenship : the political name of a foreigner : opp. civis). — hospes (opp. to popu- laris : foreigner, but, as such, claiming from us the rights of hospitality). j§§ST exterus and externus de- note a foreigner, whether now in his own land or not: externus being a geographical, exterus mly a political, term. — extraneus means what is without us; opp. to relatives, family, native country : extrarius, opp. to one's self. All these, except hospes, are used adjec- tively. is. externus et advena (e. g. rex) ; alienigena et externus; peregrinus et externus; peregrinus atque advena; peregrinus atque bospes. ALIEN, v. See Alienate. ALIENABLE, *quae alienari possunt. ALIENATE. || Part with to another pos- sessor, alienare, abalienare. — vendere. Jn. vendere et alienare ; vendere et abalienare : a part of athg, de- minuere de qa re. To be alienated, alienari : venire atque a vobis alienari; or ven. atque in perpetuum a vobis alienari. || Estrange, alienare qm (a se : sibi Fell. 2, 112); cs voluntatem, animum alienare (a se, or absolutely, Cces. B. G. 7, 10). — abducere, abstrahere, subducere qm ab qo (of things). To be alienated, alienari, voluntate alienari.— desciscere ab qo.— dese- rere qm. AH ENATE, adj. ab qa re aversus, alienatus, alienus. — ci or in qm malevolus (wishing him ill). — ci inimicus. To be a. fm aby, ab qo animo esse alieno or averse ALIENATION, || Act of parting with pro- perty: alieuatio, abalienatio (v. pr.). — venditio (sale). — a. of part of a property, deminutio de qa re. || E strangement, alienatio : fm aby, ab qo (also, ab qo ad qm). — Jn. alienatio disjunctioque. — disjunctio animorum (with reference to both parties). — defectio (desertion : of a.fm a public character ;fm a man's party). — dissidium (dissension, and consequent Jceeping aloof). ALIGHT, descendere: fm one's horse, ex equo; to a. hastily, desilire ex equo [See Dismount] ; fm one's carriage, ex or de rheda descendere. \\ Of a bird, devolare (to fly down: in qm locum; fm, de): to a. there, devolare illuc.-in terram decidere (Ov>). || To a. at aby's house (as a guest), devertere ad qm. — devertere ad qm in hospitium. \\ Fall upon, de- cidere (in qd : e. g. imber in terram). — ferire (strike). ALIKE, pariter (in an equal degree, iVa). — aeque (in an equal manner). We do not all want athg alike, qa re non omnes pariter or aeque egemus (C.).— eodem modo (in the same manner).— juxta (without any dis- tinction : not in C. Cces. or Nep. : common in L. and S.). — good and bad a., juxta boni et mali; juxta boni maiique, S. (So : juxta obsidentes ohsessosque, L. ; hiemem et aestatem juxta pati, 5. ; plebi patribusque juxta cams, S. &c.) — tamquam (as well as). This is the only cause in wch all think a., hasc sola est causa, in qua omnes sentirent unum atque idem, C. (Suet. idemque et unum sentire.) || Used adjectively, similis, consimilis, assimilis. — geminus (exactly alike). — Jn. similis et geminus : exactly a , geminus et simil- limus (in athg, qa. re); simillimus et maxime geminus : to be a., similes esse (in face, facie): to make things a., *hanc rem ad similitudinem illius ringere. fingere, as- similare hanc rem in speciem illius. T. [See Like.] ALIMENT, alimentum. cibus.— nutrimentum. pabu- lum, pastus. victus. Syn. in Food. ALIMENTAL, in quo multum alimenti est. magni cibi (e.g. casei). magni cibi (opp. minimi cibi).— valens, firmus, valentis or firmae materiae (opp. imbecillus, in- firmus, imbecillas or infirmae materiae, Cels.). B&^ ali- bilis only Varr. nutribilis very late. ALIMENTARY, alimentarius (Coel. in C. Fam. 8, 6). || Nutritious. See Alimental. ALIMONY, alimonium (but not as term, techn. for the allowance for a wife's support).— prps. *in alimo- nium quod satis sit (aft. in fcenus Pompeii quod satis sit, C. Att. 6, 1. alimonium, post-class. Suet. Calig. 42, • collationes in alimonium atque dotem puellee recepit'). (25) ALIVE, vivus, vivens (opp. mortuus : vivus denoting existence only: vivens, the manner of existence). — spi- rans (still breathing). — salvus (safe). To burn aby a., qm vivum comburere: to make a. again, a morte ad vitam revocare ; ab inferis excitare ; ab Oreo reducem in lucem facere : to escape a., vivum effugere ; salvum, incolumem evadere: whilst I am a., dum vivo, me vivo, in mea vita: to be a., vivere, in vita esse, vitam habere, vita or hac luce frui : to find aby a., qm vivum reperire : still alive, qm adhuc spirantem reperire. || Fig. vividus. vegetus. acer. alacer, &c. || To keep athg alive (fig.), e. g. affection, nutrire, alere. alere atque augere (e.g. desiderium, opp. exstinguere). || As used with superlatives : e. g. 'the wisest man aliv e,' longe, multo ; omnium — multo. The handsomest man a., omnium hujus aetatis multo formosissimus. || As used with negatives : e.g. ' no man alive.' by aetatis suss (of a past time) ; aetatis hujus, eorum, qui nunc or hodie sunt (of a present time). ALKALINE, «alcalinus (t. t.) : e. g. *sal alcalinus. ALL, omnis (every, all : pi. omnes, all, without ex- ception: opp. nulli, pauci, aliquot, &c.).— cuncti (all collectively, considered as really united: opp. dispersi, sejuncti. Hence in the sing, it is used only with col' lective nouns : e. g. senatus cunctus). — universus, uni- versi (all, as united in our conception : opp. sin- guli, unusquisque. It excludes exceptions like omnes, but with more reference to the w hole, than to the separate units that compose it). gjgT omnis Italia, geographi- cally: Italia cuncta, fig.= alt the inhabitants of Italy. — ■ All is also expressed strongly by two negatives, nemo non, nullus non, nemo with quin. — e.g. all see it, nemo non videt : all did it, nemo est, quin fecerit. || All = each, quisquis. quisque (each one, the predicate being asserted of each and all alike). — quivis (any one, without selection, but one only). — unusquisque (each single one). Thus; in all places, quoque loco. I had rather suffer all manner of evils, quidvis malo pati. || When all stands with an adj. to denote a whole class, the Romans generally made each individual prominent by the use of the superlative with quisque. All the best men, optimus quisque. || All = whoever, whatever, quicuni- que : a. who are engaged, will know, quicumque prcelio interfuit, sciet. — Sts quod [with est or habeo) with the gen. A. the time I can spare fm my forensic labours, quod mihi de forensi labore temporis datur : I sent to the Prcetors to bring you all the soldiers they had, ad Praetores misi, ut, militum quod baberent, ad vos de- ducerent. || All = any, after without (e. g. 'with- out all doubt'), ullus (for wch the Comic writers and Ov. sts use omnis). If a negative precedes, aliquis or omnis. \\All in all, or all used substantively, may be transl. in various ways : e. g. his son is a. in a. to him, filius ci unus omnia est; filium fert or gestat in oculis: he has lost all, eversus est fortunis omnibus. || At all : omnino. prorsus : after negatives, nihil (the negative being untransl.). Never at a., omnino nun- quam : nothing at a., omnino nihil : nowhere at a., om- nino nusquam : hardly, if at a., vix, aut omnino non : not much, if at a., non multum, aut nihil omnino. || At all times, omni tempore, semper. || With can, could. A. I can, quantum possum or (if relating to the future) potero. I would strive a. that ever I could, quantum maxime possem contenderem. A. that in me lies, or is in my power, quantum in me erit (relating to the future). He did a. he could to overthrow the state, remp., quantum in ipso fuit, evertit: to labour a. I can, quantumcumque possim, laborare. || To be all one. It is a. one to me, nihil mea interest or refert (it is a. one to Caius, nihil Caii interest or refert).— qd negligo, non or nihil euro ; qd mihi non curae est : it is a. one to him what people think of him, negligit, non or nihil curat, quid de se quisque sentiat. || For all (1) = although, Vid. (2) ire spite of, adversus : he is a fool for a. his age and grey hairs, stultus est adversus aetatem et capitis canitiem. Sts by in with abl. (e. g. noscitabantur tamen in tanta deformitate, for a. their pitiable appearance) : for a. that, tamen ; nihilo secius ; nihilo minus. || Whilst — all the while (as used to point out the co-existence of two states, fyc, that should- not co-exist): quum interea or quum only: e.g. bel- lum subito exarsit, — quum Ligarius, domum spectans, nullo se negotio implicari passus est (' whilst L. all the while,' &c). || All along, semper (always): conti- nenter (uninterruptedly ; incessantly). || All and each, omnes ac singuli; singuli universique. || All, without exception, omnes ad unum, or (less com- monly) ad unum omnes (here unum is neuter, but now and then agrees with the subj. : as, naves onerariae omnes ad unam sunt exceptae, C. Lentul. in C. Ep. ALL ALL 12, 14, 21. || Not at all (in answers), non. — minime vero. minime .... quidem : also imo. imo vero. imo enim vero. imo potius (with an assertion of the opposite of that which the question implies). Instead of non only, non with the verb of the question is mly used : non irata es 1 not at all .' non sum irata \— don't you believe this ? an tu haec non credis 1 not at all ! minime vero ! — num igitur peccamus? not at all! minime vos quidem! — siccine mine decipis 1 not at all : it is he who is de- ceiving me, imo etiim vero hie me decipit. — No ; not so at a. ! non ita est. It is not so — not at a. ! non est ita ! — non est profecto. || All the better, tanto melior! (a conversational form of approbation or encou- ragement. Plant. — omnes sycophantias instruxi et com- paravi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. — Tanto melior ! — See Freund's Lex. Tanto.) j| Additional phrases. A. or nothing, nihil nisi totum : a. and each, omnes singuli : a. without exception who, omnes quicumque : before a. things, omnium primum, ante omnia; also, imprimis: against a. expectation, praeter opinionem. ex inopinato: a. on a sudden, improviso. repente (Syn. in Unexpectedly): against a. chances, ad omnes casus : a. mankind, universum genus homi- num ; universitas generis humani : now you know it a., rem omnem habes; habes consilia mea (of a person's views) : is that a. ? tantumne est ? It is a. over, actum est (de . .) : to be a. in a. to aby, omnia esse ci : with a. one's might, omnibus virilius or nervis, &c. (see Might) : in a. possible ways (omni ratione : e. g. to plunder aby, exinanire). He is a. deceit, totus ex fraude constat. It a. depends on (any thing being, 4"c), totum in eo est, ut (if on athg not being done, ne. See C. Q. Fratr. 3, 1) : it is agreed on a. hands, constat inter omnes or omni- bus (Cccs. B. G. 4, 29, end) : to be a. for himself, suo privato compendio, privatae (domesticae) utilitati ser- vire; ad suum fructum, ad suam utilitatem referre omnia ; id potius intueri, quod sibi, quam quod uni- versis utile sit ; nihil alterius causa, et metiri suis com- modis omnia. Men are a. for themselves, omnes sibi esse melius, quam alteri malunt. ALL-KNOWING, cs notitiam nulla res effugit.— *qui eventura novit omnia, ac velut praesentia con- templatur. ALL-POWERFUL. See Almighty. ALL-SEEING, *qui omnia videt, contuetur. ALL- WISE, *cs absoluta est et perfectissima sapi- entia. *perfecte planeque sapiens. ALLAY, v. lenire (v.pr. : e. g. a disorder, pain, hate, wrath, sorrow, $c.). — mitigare, mitiorem facere (e. g. pain, a fever, melancholy, fyc). — levare (to lighten: also elevare aegritudinem, sollicitudinem, &c). To a. thirst, sitim reprimere, sedare; — sitim re-, ex-stinguere, de- pellere (of entirely quenching it). ALLAY, s. Pr.) no Lat. word to denote it as thing. See Adulteration. Impr.) mitigatio. levatio. a)le- vatio (alleviation). — mixtio, permixtio (mixing; as action and thing). — mixtura (mixture, as manner and 1hhig). — adulteratio (adulteration). — depravatio (deteri- oration produced by the admixture of something). ALLAYMENT, levamen, levamentum, allevamen- tum (cs rei). — medicina (cs rei). ALLEGATION, sententia (opinion). — indicium, sig- nificatio (declaration of a witness). — testimonium (alle- gations of a witness): of witnesses, authorities, %c, pro- latio. commemoratio.— affirmatio (assertion of a fact). || Plea, excuse, excusatio. — causa (reason alleged). ALLEGE, y Affirm, affirmare (to maintain as cer- tain, affirm). — asseverare (to affirm strongly). $^$T as- serere is unci. || To bring forward evidence, fyc, afferre testimonium : a passage, locum afferre : a rea- son, rationem, causam afferre: to a. athg as an excuse, excusare qd. ALLEGEMENT. See Allegation. ALLEGER. crcl. by verbs [commemorator, Tert.]. ALLEGIANCE, obedientia.— fidelitas. fides. To re- tain aby in his a., qm in officio retinere : qm in ditione atque servitute tenere (if the suhject of a despotic monarch or government) : to swear a. to, in verba cs or in nomen cs jurare (to take an oath of fidelity : of citi- zens, magistrates, soldiers, #c). — in obsequium cs jurare (to swear obedience : of persons holding places of high trust; e. g. commanders-in-chief. Just. 13, 2, 14). — qm venerantes regem consalutare (to salute or ac- knowledge as king : of Eastern nations. TO- ALLEGORICAL, allegoricus (late. Arnob. Tert.). ALLEGORICALLY, per translationem. — allegorice (late).— operte atque symbolice (GeU.). ALLEGORIZE, *contiuua translatione uti.— (alle- gorizare very late. Tert. Hieron.) — aliud verbis, aliud sensu ostendere (Q.'s definition of allegory). (26) ALLEGORY, allegoria (Q. Latin and Greek : in 8, 6, 44, he explains it by inversio : genus hoc Graeci ap- pellant aWtjyopiav, C.).— continuae (C), continuatae (Q) translationes ('quum fluxerunt continuae plures translationes.' C). — continuus translations usus (aft. Q. 8, 14). ALLEGRO, *cantus, or modus incitatior. ALLEVIATE, lenire (to soften; to make less painful or disagreeable : e. g. dolores, miseriam, aegritudinem). — mitigare (to make milder : iram, tristitiam, severi- tatem, dolorem, labores, febrem, &c). — molliie (to soften: iram, impetum). — levare, allevare (to lighten; partially remove: lev. luctum, meturo, molestias, cu- ram : also levare qm luctu, L. allev. sollicitudines, onus). — sublevare (pericula, offensionem, res adversas). — laxare (to lessen the tightness of athg that compresses : laborem, L.). — expedire. explicare (to render the per- formance of athg easier). — temperare (to temper by an admixture of an opposite feeling: e. g. hilaritatis or tristitias modum, C). — To a. aby's labour, partem laboris ci minuere : to a. in some degree, qa ex parte allevare. ALLEVIATION, levatio. allevatio, mitigatio (as act or thing: a. administered). — levamen, levamentum, allevamentum (as thing: a. received). — laxamentum (some remission that falls to one's lot). — delenimentum (not C. or Cccs.). — medicina cs rei (remedy for it). — fomentum (a soothing application : fomenta dolorum. C). — To cause or bring with it some a., habere levati- onem cs rei (e.g. segritudinum); levatioii or leva- mento esse : to find or seek for some a., levationem in- venire ci rei (e. g. doloribus). ALLEY, ambulatio (for the purpose of walking up and down). — gestatio (a place planted with trees fur driving round for exercise) — xystus (explained by Vi- truv. to be hypasthra ambulatio; a ivalk with trees or dipt hedges on each side, and generally adorned with statues). || Lane in a town: angiportus, us (also angiportuin). ALLIANCE, fcedus (treaty, alliance).— societas (state of being allied). Jn. societas et fcedus; amicitia socie- tasque. To make or form an a. with aby, fcedus cum qo facere, icere, ferire, percutere ; fcedus jungere or inire cum qo ; fcedere jungi ci ; societatem cum qo facere; qm sibi societate et fcedere adjungere. To be in a. with aby, mini cum qo ictum est fcedus. To observe the terms of an a. ; to be true to an a., fcedus j servare, fcedere stare ; in fide manere (o;>p. to breaking ' «7s terms; fcedus negligere, violare, rumpere, IrangereJ. Impr.) jj Close connexion in private life, conjunc- tio. societas. Jn. conjunctio et societas. — necessitudo (the mutual relation in wch friends, colleagues, patron, j and client, stand together).— copulatio (rare, C. de Fin. 1, 20, 69).— conjunctio affinitatis, affinitatis vinculum , (by marriage). — communio sanguinis, comanguinitas, j consanguinitatis or sanguinis vinculum (of relation- ship). The a. of friendship, conjunctio et familiaritas. To form an a. with aby, societatem cum qo iDire, coire, I facere .- to break it off, ciirimere. A very close, the closest | possible a , colligatio arctissima societatis (aft. C. Off. 1, ■ 17, 53). To form a closer a. with aby, arctiora necessi- ■ tudinis vincula cum qo contrahere. \\ = Marriage : to form an a. with aby, affinitatem cum qo jungere ; cum qo affinitate sese conjungere or devincire : to form an a. with such a family, filiam or virginem ex domo qa in matrimonium petere (of the man: aft. L. 4, 4, mid.), nubere or innubere in qm familiam or domum (of the female). To form a matrimonial a. (i.e. with the person married), matrimonio jungi or conjungi ; nuptiis inter se jungi. See Marry. j ALLICIENCY, *attrahendi, quae dicitur, vis (mag- netical attraction). — *vis ad se illiciendi or attrahendi (impr.). ALLIED, ptcp. foederatus. fcedere junctus.— socius (as ally). || It elated by blood or marriage, propinquus, cum qo propinquitate conjunctus (g. t.)— necessarius (joined by ties of family or office, sis = prop, of a distant degree of relationship). — agnatus (by the father's side). — cognatus, cognatione conjunctus (by the mother's side). — affinis, affinitate or affinitatis vinculis conjunctus (connected by marriage). — consanguineus, consanguini- tate propinquus (by blood; esply of full brothers and sisters). Closely a., arcta propinquitate or propinqtia cognatione conjunctus. cum qo conjunctus. || Fig. closely connected, propinquus, vicinus, finitiuitu (ci or ci rei). Jn. propinquus et finitimus : finitimus et vicinus. gg|£"Affinis, in this sense, is without any sufficiently old authority. ALLIGATE, alligare (qm, or qm rem, ad qd : qa re). ALLIGATION, alligatio (Colum. Vitr.). ALLIGATOR, crocodilus. ALL ALM ALLIGATURE, alligatura {Colum.). ALLISION, offensio.— pulsus, impulsio. allisio ( 2Ye- bell. digitorum allisione).— colllsus (silv. age). ALLITERATION, *vocabulorum similiter incipi- entium continuatio. ALLOC ATION, adjunctio. adjectio. ALLOCUTION, allocutio (Post-aug.). See Address. ALLODIAL, proprius. *allodialis. A. lands, agri immunes liberique. ALLODIUM, ager immunis liberque. ALLOO. See Halloo. ALLOQUY, alloquium ^L. — a hortatory, consolatory, or animating address). ALLOT, dispertire, distribuere {the former, with reference to the act of division ; the latter, to its juU and proper performance).— impertire qd ci {to give in a friendly manner : e. g. laudem ci). — tribuere {to give in a just or judicious manner: e. g. ci priores partes). — assignare {to point out to each his portion: e.g. mili- tibus agros : used also of duties, tasks, fyc, munus human um a deo assignatum defugere, C). ALLOTMENT, assignatio {act of allotting; esply of land to a colonist). — pars (portio in class. Lat. occurs only in the form pro portione). — Sts ager, possessio {a property, possession). — quod sorte cievenit; quod sor- titus est {what he has received by lot). — ^^° Assignatio may be used for ' an allotment :' e. g. adimere assig- nationem, Ulp. Dig. 38, 4. ALLOTTERY. See Allotment. ALLOW, || Admit, in argument, concedere {g. t.). — confiteri {without being convinced).— assentiri {assent to fm conviction). — dare qd {to allow previoushj). — See on all these C. Tusc. 1, 8, 16, and 11, 25. || Permit, con- cedere {mly on being entreated : opp. repugnare). — per- mittee {opp. vetare : permit).— largiri {fm kindness or complaisance). — facultatem dare, or potestatem facere cs rei. permittere licentiam, ut &c. {to put it in aby's power to do it). — cs rei veniam dare, or dare hanc veniam, ut &c. {to shoiv indulgence in athg). — It is allowed, concessum est {g. t.); licet {is permitted by human law, positive, customary, or traditional). \\ Al- lowing that. See 'Granting that.' Jn. licitum concessumque est. — fas est {by divine law, including the law of conscience). Jn. jus fasque est. — As far as the laws a., quoad per leges liceat {or licitum est, for present time).— In great danger fear does not a of any compassion, in magno periculo timor misericordiam non recipit. \\ Suffer, sinere, pati, ferre, &c. See Suffer. || Allow oneself athg or in athg { = in- dulge) ; sibi sumere {of what might seem presumptuous) — sibi indulgere. || Allowed, licitus, permissus, con- cessus. || Allowed = acknowledged, cognitus, pro- batus. spectatus {proved). — confessus {acknowledged). A man of a. integrity, vir spectatas integritatis. \\ Allow {the items of an account), pro-bare (singula sera, C). || T o allow {of wages), dare ci mercedem operas, mer- cedem cs constituere {to fix it at so much : the sum being in apposition). To a. so much for athg, pecunias ad qd decernere {e.g. ad ludos, for public games) : to a the expenses of a journey, viaticum ci reddere. \\ To allow an excuse (^acknowledge its validity), excu- sationem, satisfactionem accipere : non to a. it, non ac- cipere, non probare: to a. a debt, confiteri ass alienum, or nomen {acknowledge it). \\ To allow {=make allow- ance) for athg in a calculation or action (e. g. for waste in selling goods ; for the wind in aiming at a mark), prps cs rei raiionem habere. Not to a. for athg, qd neg- ligere. To a. something in selling, %c., qd de summa deducere, or detrahere. qd deducere {not detrahere). ALLOWABLE, licitus. concessus. ALLOWABLENESS, by crcl. to deny the a. of athg, rem licitam esse negare. ALLOWANCE, concessio, permissio {in abl. con- cessu, permissu). \\Ab atement of rig our on any a cc ou n t, indulgentia, venia: to make a. 's, concedere, condonare qd (e. g. aetati cs, to pardon athg on account of a person's age). \\ Acceptance, acceptio. compro- batio. || A n allowance, alimenta {pi., all that is allowed for aby's support). — cibarium {allowance for food). — vestiarium {allowance for dress). — *quod quis ci pnestat : to make aby an a. for food and clothing, ci praestare cibarium, vestiarium. To keep on short a., qm arete contenteque habere {Plaut.). exigue ci sump- tum praebere. || Abatement, deductio. ALLOY. See Allay. Without a., purus, sincerus : {in metals also) solidus. ALLOY, v. vitiare, depravare. — adulterare {to corrupt by mixing what is spurious or bad with what is genuine: e.g. nummos). ALLSPICE, *piper Jamaicum. (27) ALLUDE, significare qd or de qa re. — designare qm (oratione sua, Cces.). — cavillari qd {to a. in a bantering manner). — jocari in qd {to a. playfully to; see Liv. 32, 34). — spectare, respicere qd : covertly, tecte. — He al- luded often and plainly to his intention not to tyc, mul- tas nee dubias significationes saepe jecit, ne &c. {Su. Ner. 37.) f§gp°Alludere ci rei is unci, {found only in Val. Max.); innuere not Lat. in this sense. ALLURE, v. allicere, allectare. Jn. invitare et allec- tare ; allectare et invitare ; all qm ad qd. — illicere or pellicere qm in or ad qd. — inescare {attract by a bait). — illecebris trabere. To a. by promises, promissis in- ducere. ALLURE, s. esca, illecebra {propr. et impropr.). — cibus ad fraudem cs positus {£.), also fm context cibus only. To take by an a., cibo inescare. A bird used as an a. is illex. ALLUREMENT, \\ As action: allectatio {Q.Inst. 1, 10, 32). || As thing: invitamentum. incitamentum. — A.'s, illecebrae. — sts blandimenta. A.'s to sensual pleasures, also lenocinia. ALLURER, allector {Col.). — illex {a bird used as a lure by fowlers : fig. a misleader, fyc, Plaut. Appul.). ALLURING, blandus.— dulcis. ALLURINGLY, blande. ALLURINGNESS, illecebrae; blandimenta {pi.). ALLUSION, signincatio {also in plur. in Suet. Ner. 37, Bremi). ALLUVIAL, \ fluminibus aggestus {Plin.). — allu- ALLUVIOUS, / vius ( Var.). per alluvionem adjectus {Gaj. Dig.). — qui fluminum alluvie concrevit {Col.), accrevit {Gaj.). ALLUVION, alluvies. fluminum alluvies {Col.). — alluvio. ALLY, \\Join one thing to another, conjun- gere qd cum qa re. adjungere qd ci rei, or ad qd {both propr. et impropr.). copulare qd cum qa re (join fast, unite as if by a band, thong, fyc. fig.); connectere qd cum qa, re {connect as if by a tie or knot: fig. e.g. orientem et occidentem ; amicitiam cum voluptate). || Unite or league oneself with, sejungere, conjungere cum qo {join : generally). — societatem inire, coire, facere cum qo {enter into a company, league, fyc.) ; fcedus facere (of an actual alliance) : by marriage, matrimonioqm secum jungere. \\To be allied, fcedere conjungi cum qo. \\—To be akin to, 8,-c. See Allied,^. ALLY, socius. feeder atus. To be aby's a., fcedere or societate et fcedere jungi ci ; socium ci esse. To pro- cure a.'s, socios sibi adsciscere. ALMANACK, fasti; ephemeris. — calendarium {late. Inscript. Grut. 133. In Jurists a debt-book. Post-aug. Sen.). ALMIGHTINESS, omnipotentia {Macrob.); *poten- tia omnibus in rebus maxima. The a. of God, prae- potens Dei natura. ALMIGHTY, cs numini parent omnia; rerum om- nium praepotens (C); omnipotens {poet. V.). God is a., *nihil est, quod Deus efficere non possit. ALMOND, A) propr. as fruit: amygdala, amyg- dalum {with the shell) : nucleus amygdalae {the kernel). As adj., amygdalinus. B) impropr. = tonsil, tonsilla. ALMOND-MILK, *lac amygdalinum. ALMOND-OIL, oleum amygdalinum : or oleum ex amygdalis expressum. ALMOND-TART, *panificium amygda^num. ALMOND-TREE, amygdalus ; amygdala. ALMONER, *qui est principi or regi {as the case may be) a largitionious. ALMOST, prope, paene {almost, nearly, but not quite). fere, ferme {with omnes, &c. prope, paene, make a posi- tive assertion; fere, ferme decline doing this: it being either enough for the speaker's purpose, or all that his knowledge allows him to do, to state that the assertion is at least approximately or generally true). — tantum non {p.6vov ou, bXi-yov del: an elliptical form used by Livy and later writers, = 'only this is ivanting, that not,' Sfc). — propemodum {what is not far removed fm the right measure; 'almost what it should be').— When, almost = 'within a little,' it may be translated by haud multum or non longe afuit, quin &c. {not ut) ; prope erat or factum est, ut &c. : propius nihil factum est, quam ut &c. I almost believe, non longe abest {not absum) quin credam : the left wing was a. defeated, prope erat ut sinistrum cornu pelleretur. ALMS, stips (as a gift).— beneficium {as a good deed). To give a.'s, siipem spargere, largiri: to collect a.'s, stipem cogere, colligere : to beg for a.'s, stipem emen- dicare a qo : to live on a.'s, aliena misericordia vivere ; mendicantem vivere (Plaut. by begging for a.'s); stipe precaria victitare (Ammian. 26, 10): to live by aby's a.'s, ALM ALT •ope cs sustentatum vivere : to hold out one's hand for an a., manum ad stipem porrigere (Sen.). ALMS-DEED. Crcl. by stipem spargere, largiri. ALMS-GIVER, *qui stipem confert in egentes. ALMS-HOUSE, ptochotrophium, ptochium (Cod. Just. 1, 2, 15, and 19; 1, 3, 35). ALMS-MAN, *qui aliena misericordia vivit : qui mendicans vivit. — mendicus (beggar). — planus (va- grant). ALMUG-TREE, Santalum album or Pterocarpus Sandalinus (Sandal-tree). ALOES, aloe, es. || Agallochaexcaecaria; agallochum (a tree of which the bark and wood are used as perfumes in the East). ALOFT, sublime (in sublime. Post-aug.). To be borne or carried a., sublime ferri (of living creatures and things). — sublimem abire (of living things); — pennis sublime ferri, pennis or alis se levare (of birds). ALONE, adj. solus. — unus (opposed to several or all = my single self; by myself : for wch also solus, unus solus). — sine arbitris, remotis arbitris (without witnesses, spectators, fyc). — To be a., solum esse, secum esse (without any companion or attendant). — sine arbitris esse. To like to be a., secretum captare (in silv. age). One who likes to be a., solitarius. To let aby a., sinere qm. To let athg a., omittere qd : qd non facere. Let me a., sine me ; noli me turbare. omitte me. ALONE, adv. solum, tantum. Not — alone, but, won tan turn (or solum) — sed etiam. See Only. ALONG, prep, secundum (with ace). A. the coast, praeter oram : to sail a. the coast, oram praetervehi : to sail close a. the shore, oram, terram legere. \\ Along with; una cum, or cum only. \\ To go along with, see Accompany. ALONG, adv. porro, protinus (forwards, on). To drive a herd a., armentum porro agere. Get a. with you, abi! apage te ! — amove te nine. \\All along, semper, &c. See Always. ALOOF, procul (opp. juxta, at some distance, but mly within sight : longe is of a greater distance, mly out of sight). || To stand aloof from athg, qd non attingere (e.g negotia, rempublicam. &c.) : ab qa re se removere or sevocare ; abqa re recedere (all three of withdrawing fm what one has hitherto been engaged in). — To stand a. fm each of two parties, neutri parti favere ; from parties generally, ab omni partium studio alienum esse. ALOUD, clare. clara voce (e. g. legere. viva voce is unci.). — magna or summa voce (with a very loud voice). ALPHABET, alpha et beta (e. g. discere, to learn his A, B, C ; Juv.)— alphabetum, Eccl. — literarum nomina et contextus (the names and order of the letters: 1. n. et contextum discere, Q.) — unius et viginti formae lite- rarum (the shapes of the 21 letters of the Rom Alp. ; C). literarum ordo (Plin.). — prima (literarum) elementa (as the rudiments of learning. Hor.). ALPHABETICAL, in literas digestus. *literarum ordine dispositus. — An a. list of rivers, amnium in literas digesta nomina (Vib. Seq.). To explain athg in a. order, qd literarum ordine explicare. ALPHAB ETICALL Y, literarum ordine. To arrange athg a., qd in literas digerere. ALPINE, Alpinus. Alpine tribes, A]-pici(Nep.Hann.), Alplnee or Inalplnae gentes : Inalpini (populi). ALPS, Alpes, ium. Living or situated at the foot of the Alps, subalpmus : on this side the A.'s, cisalplnus : on the other side the A.'s, transalplnus. ALREADY, jam.— jam jam (stronger than jam). ALSO, etiam, quoque (quoq., wch always follows its word, is merely a copulative particle, and can only render a single notion prominent: etiam is augmen- tative, it enhances what has been said; it can also relate to a whole sentence). — The pron. idem is used where different properties are attributed to the same subject or object. Musici quondam i i d e m poetae (were also poets). — et ipse (when what is asserted of the person or thing in question is at the same time asserted, by im- plication, of other persons or things. Darius quum vinci suos videret, mori voluit et ipse, i.e. as well as they; or with them). — item (in like manner; likewise; just so: augur cum fratre item augure: literas — a patre vehementes, ab amicis item). — prae- terea, insuper (besides; moreover). — ggpTNec non in the prose of the golden age connects sentences only, not nouns. On the occasional use ofetfor etiam (in Cic), see Hand's Tursellinus. \\And also, et etiam, et quoque [generally with a word betiveen ; else afque etiam should be used). ALTAR, ara (g. t. whether made of stone or of earth, turf, 8fc.).— altaria, ium (a high altar: an ara with an apparatus for burnt-offerings, altare, altarium. in sing. (28) belong to a later age). A little a., arula : to build an a., aram statuere (g. t.), deo facere aram (to a deity). To dedicate an a., aram dicare, consecrare (C). To swear before an a., aram tenentem jurare (the person who swore, touched the altar). To make aby swear before an a., altaribus admotum jurejurando adigere qm. To fly to the a.'s, ad (in) aras confugere : to drag fm the a.'s, ab ipsis aris detrahere : and slay, ab altaribus ad necem transferre. — The sacrament of the altar, *ccena Domini; *ccena or mensa sacra; eucharistia (Eccl.). See Sacrament. ALTAR-CLOTH, *tegmen altarium. ALTER, trans.) mutare.— commutare (qd in qa re, of a thing that exists independently, as a house, fyc: de qa re, of what does not exist independently, as man- ners, customs, fyc). — immutare(w?fyo/an entire change). — submutare (of a partial change). — novare (to give athg a new shape). — emendare, corrigexe (improve by an alter- ation; emend, may be said of removing one or more errours, corrig. of making what was altogether bad good). — variare (to vary by changing : e.g. fortunam, animos, &c.) — invertere (to turn round: give a wrong turn to ; e.g. corrupt the character). — interpolare (to falsify athg by altering its appearance). To alter athg written, a speech, fyc, orationem, &c. rescribere : a will, testa- mentum mutare (g. t.); test, rescindere (to cancel it; of the testator: test, resignare is, to open a will). To a. a line of march, iter or viam flectere; iter conver- tere : a plan, consilium mutare or commutare : one's life, manner of life, morum institutorumque mutati- onem facere (opp. instituta sua tenere) : one's custom, consuetudinem mutare : one's disposition, novum sibi induere ingenium (L. 3, 33) : one's character, morum. mutationem or commutationem facere (g. t.) — mores emendare (for the better); mores invertere (for the worse). — what can still be altered, quod integrum est: what is done, cannot be altered, factum infectum fieri non potest (T.). \\ To be altered. See Alter, intr. ALTER, intr.) mutari. commutari. immutari (Syn. in preced. word). — variare (to change backwards and forwards; esply of the weather). — converti (to change round, whether for better or for worse: of fortune, plans, %c). To change (of men, their characters, fyc), se invertere (for the worse) : in melius mutari, ad bonam frugem se recipere (for the better). See also to a. the character, in Alter, trans.— Not to a. sibi constare, a se non decedere. He has not altered, non alius est ac fuit ; est idem qui fuit semper, antiquum obtinet. He is quite altered, commutatus est totus. You must begin to-day to be an altered man, hie dies aliam vitam defert, alios mores postulat (Ter.). Men are altered, homines alii facti sunt. Times and opinions are altered, magna facta est rerum et animorum commutatio. Everything is altered, versa sunt omnia. Which cannot now be altered, quod non integrum eft. ALTEKABLE, mutabilis, commutabilis (unstable, changeable).— qui mutari, commutari, &c. potest. ALTERATION, mutatio. commutatio. immutatio. conversio (Syn. see verbs under Alter, trans.). — varie- tas, vicissitudo (the first more accidental, the last regu- lar). A. of the weather, coeli varietas : a.'s of fortune, fortunae vicissitudines. A. of opinion, mutaiio sen- tentiae : receptus sententiae (retractation). — to wake an a., mutationem or commutationem cs rei facere [See Alter, trans ] : to cause an a., commutationem ci rei afferre : to undergo or be subject to an a., mutationem habere : to plan or endeavour to effect 'an a., mutationem moliri. An a. of circumstances is taking place, com- mutatio rerum accidit. A. of colour, mutatio coloris : of plan, consilii : of the state of things, rerum con- versio. ALTERCATION, altercatio (a contest of words with more or less of heat). — jurgium (an angry quarrel con- ducted with abusive words, when neither party will listen to reason). To have an a. with aby, altercari cum qo; verbis cum qo concertare; jurgio certare cum qo: to begin an a., alterc?n incipere (cum qo) ; causam jurgii inferre. I get into an a. with aby, oritur mini (de qa re) altercatio cum qo. A great part of the day was taken up by an a. between Lentulus and Caninius, dies magna ex parte consumptus altercatione Lentuli et Caninii. A.'s took place in the senate, altercationes in senatu factae (C). No a. ever took place with greater clamours, nulla altercatio clamoribus habita majori- bus (C). ALTERNATE, v. alternare (cum qo) : alternare vices (0.). — qd qa re variare (e. g. otium labore ; laborem otio). ALTERNATE, adj. alternus. A. acts of kindness, mutua officia. benencia ultro citroque data et accepta. ALT AMB H On a. days, alternis diebus. A. angles, *anguli Bibi oppositi. ALTERNATELY, alternis {abl. of adj. : Varr. not C. one after the other). — in vicem, per vices {when several follow immediately after others).— simul esse invicem, to visit each other alternately (C.).— Hgjir vicissim (in turn; on the other hand) does not belong here: and vicibus belongs to poetry and late prose, mutuo is 'reciprocally,' 'mutually.' ALTERNATION, alternatio {Post-class.), —vices {pi.), vicissitude-. — permutatio (change), varietas. A's of fortune, fortunas vicissitudines, varietas : of the sea- sons, temporum vieissitudo, varietas : of day and night, vicissitudines dierum, noctiumque ; vicissitudines di- urnas nocturnaeque (C). ALTERNATIVE. There is no word for it; but the notion may be expressed in various ways. ' Peace or war is our only alternative,' inter bellum et pacem nihil medium est (C). 'Either he must be punished by the state, or we enslaved: there is no other alternative,' res in id discrimen adducta est, utrum ille poenas reipub- licae luat, an nos serviamus (C). To offer aby an a , •geminam conditionem ci proponere. ALTHOUGH, etsi (=' even if,' the concession made is here simply a supposition : if considered as really existing, the indie, is used ; if merely as possible, the subjunctive). — etiamsi (a fuller and stronger etsi = ' yea even if,' ' even if. Etiamsi and etsi differ nearly as 'though' and 'a Ithough ').— tamen etsi or tam- etsi (gives prominence to the improbability of the co-existence of the supposition and the asserted conse- quence: it is often followed by tamen, which has then the force of 'yet nevertheless').— quamquam (=' how- ever much' the supposition really exists: the real existence of the supposition being granted, it takes the indicative in the best writers). — quamvis ('however much' you. the person addressed, may possibly imagine the concession to exist really: hence in Cic. only with the subj.). — g^£" quamquam and quamvis can only be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, whose notion can be supposed to exist in a heightened degree of in- tensity. — licet (^'granted the thing be so:' 'let it be so, if you like:' allowing a supposition, the correctness of which the speaker does not in any degree maintain himself, but allows the person addressed to maintain if he pleases: it is an impersonal verb, and takes the subj. governed by ut omitted. It may occur in other tenses : thus, detrahat auctori multum fortuna lice bit: and C. has quamvis licet, N. D. 3, 36; Tusc. 4, 24). J^^p" ' Though' correcting or limiting a previous statement, or adding to it some circumstance to be kept in view in the application of it, is quamquam, less frequently etsi ; the conjunction standing at the head of a sentence, which is then more than a mere subordinate clause. Thus confer te ad Manlium : infer patriae bel- lum. Quamquam quid ego te invitem, &c. ? (C.) Do, do, pcenas temeritatis meae : etsi quae fuit ilia temeritas ? (C.) Quum (with subj., properly denotes the co-existence of two apparently inconsistent states, Sfc). — Ut has also the meaning of although (ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda voluntas. 0.), and ne of 'al- though — not' (e.g. ne sit summum malum dolor, malum certe est. C). A. — yet: sts ut— ita (ut quies certaminum erat, ita ab apparatu operum ac munitio- num nihil cessatum. L.). ALTITUDE, altitudo.— excelsitas.— sublimitas (all three propr. and fig.). — proceritas (propr. ' tallness,' height in reference to growth. See Syn. in High). — ela- tio (fig. elevation: e. g. animi). || A. of a mountain, altitudo or excelsitas montis; or, if the highest point is meant, fastigium. ALTOGETHER, {{Completely, %c. prorsus (opp. 'in some degree,' or 'almost;' quite, without ex- ception). — omiiino (opp. magna ex parte, &c. : com- pletely, quite; also ' altogether' = in one lot [e.g. vendere], opp. separatim. Plin.). — plane (quite: opp. paene: e. g. plane par: vix — vel plane nullo modo. C). — in or per omnes partes, per omnia (in every respect). — penitus (through and through; thoroughly; quite: e. g. amiitere, perspicere, cognosse, &c, opp. to magna ex parte, and to 'superficially'). — funditus (from the foundations ; utterly: esply with verbs of perishing, destroying, overthrowing, defeating, rejecting, depriving). A. or in great measure, omnino aut magna ex parte. — With ref. to a person, altogether may be translated by the adj. totus. 'He is altogether made up of falsehood and deceit,' totus ex fraude et mendacio fac- tus est. || =All together, cuncti (all collected together: opp. dispersi). — universi (all taken together, wherever they may chance to be: opp. singuli). |j In (29) all, omnino (e.g. omnino ad ducentos. C.):—sts in summa (Drusus erat — absolutus; in summa quatuor sententiis. C). ALUM, alumen. Containing or impregnated with a., aluminatus, aluminosus. One engaged in procuring or preparing a., aluminarius (Inscr.). A.-water, aqua aluminata. ALUMINOUS, aluminatus. aluminosus. ALWAYS, semper (opp. numquam). — usque (always, within a definite limit: semp. represents time as a space; usque as a continuing line, semper = omni tempore : usque = nullo tempore intermisso ; continenter). — perpetuo (of uninterrupted continuance to the end of a space of time). \\ With superlatives always is translated by quisque: ' the best things are a. the rarest,' optimum quidque rarissimum est. || Sts always is used hyperbolical^ for 'nearly always,' 'mostly': it may then be translated by plerumque, or by a periphrasis with solere. He a. arrives too late, plerumque sero venit. I a. take a walk at this time, hoc tempore ambulare soleo. But ^^" this may sts be expressed by the simple present or imperf. : e. g. post cibum meridianum — paullisper conquiescebat : to be a. at a place, frequentem esse qo loco ; assiduum esse qo loco or circa locum. AM. See Be. AMAIN, vehementer; valde ; graviter ; acriter ; acerbe; contente. AMALGAMATE. The nearest verbs are, temperare, miscere, commiscere (qd). AMALGAMATION. The nearest nouns are, mixtio (Vitr.), commixtio (Cat.). AMANUENSIS, amanuensis (silv. age). — a manu (sc. servus). — librarius (a copier of books ; but also one employed in other kinds of writing: a secretary, #c). — scriba (one who holds the office of scribe, whether as a public officer, or in the service of a prince). — ab epistolis (sc. servus: the slave to whom the master dictated his letters). Tobeaby's a.,ciamanuesse; ci ab epistolis esse. AMARANTH, amarantus. AMARITUDE, amaritudo. AMASS, v. acervare. coacervare (to make a heap of athg ; to heap together). — aggerare, exaggerare (to heap up high. Post aug. in prose).— cumulare, accumulare (the first, to heap up to the full measure ; to heap up much : the latter, to keep adding to a heap ; cum. also trop. to go on increasing athg). — augere (to increase). — addere qd ci rei (to add something to athg). To a. treasures, opes exaggerare. AMASS, s. accumulatio. coacervatio. AMATORY, amatorius. AMAUROSIS, *amaurosis {bip6a\p\o>v d/j.avpa>c, aegre fero, with ace. and inf. To be somewhat a., leviter aegrotare. levi motiuncula tentari (Suet.). AMITY. See Friendship. AMMONIAC, sal ammoniacus. AMMUNITION, instrumentum et apparatus belli. — arma, tela, cetera quae ad bellum gerendum per- tinent (after C. Phil. 11, 12, 30). AMMUNITION BREAD, panis militaris. AMNESTY, venia praeteritorum.— impunitas.— fides publica (these three mly of a. granted to individuals or a small number).— oblivio, with or without rerum ante actarum or praeteritarum. — oblivio, quam Athenienses u/ii/ntru'ai/ vocant (Val. Max.). — lex, ne quis ante acta- rum rerum accusetur, neve multetur (Nep. ; act of a. passed), pactum abolitionis (Q.). Jn. venia et oblivio ; venia et impunitas ; venia et incolumitas. To proclaim a general a., omnium factorum dictorumque veniam et oblivionem in perpetuum sancire. In the hopes of an a , spe abolitionis (Q.). Phr. veniam et impunitatem ci dare ; impunitatem largiri. To bind all parties to an a., omnes jurejurando astringere discordiarum obli- vionem fore. To pray for an a., veniam praeteritorum precari. AMNICOLIST, amnicbla (Ov.). AMNIGENOUS, amnigenus (V. Flacc). AMOMUM, amomura. AMONG, \ inter. — Sts in, apud. To be reckoned AMONGST, ) a. good men, in bonis viris haberi. To reckon a. good things, in bonis numerare. A. all na- tions, in omnibus gentibus. Apud is used of actions, fyc. done a. certain persons : e.g. tantopere apud nos- tros justitia culta est, ut &c. C. haec apud majores nostros factitata. C. \\From amongst, e, ex (e. g. ex cunctis deligere). AMORIST, amator. amator mulierum. g§gT That amator is often = amator mulierum (one who must alwai/s be in love with somebody) is proved by Tusc. 4, 12, 22. Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 38. AMOROSO. See next word. AMOROUS, amans (really in love with), amore cap- tus or incensus. — venereus. libidinosus {in bad sense). — amatorius (relating to love: of things : e. g. voluptas, poesis, &c). To have an a. look, *vultu or oculis amo- rem prodere or fateri. AMOROUSLY, amatorie (e. g. amatorie scribere). AMOROUSNESS, amor (in good sense). — amor venereus. libido ; venus (in bad sense : of lustful pas- sion). AMORT, tristis, maestus, &c. See Sad, Dejected. AMORTIZATION. \ Nothing nearer than alienatio. AMORTIZEMENT./ abalienatio. AMORTIZE, in perpetuum alienare (C). AMOVE. See Remove. AMOUNT, v. efficere, also esse.— explere. What does the whole a. to? quae summaest? quantum est ? To a. to a great sum, longam summam efficere, or con- ficere. The whole number amounted to more than 80,000 men, omnis numerus explebat amplius octoginta millia (Veil.). To what does this a.? id autem quantulum est? (the a. being small.) To a. to athg (= to have it for its result), eo or hue redire (Ter. %-c): hunc adeo exitum habere (have no other result than this: of ac- tions, %c). The evil at worst can only a. to a divorce, incommoditas hue omnis redit, si eveniat discessio (31) (Ter. Andr. 3, 3, 35). Athg amounts but to this, that* #c, prps qd non ferme longius progreditur, quam ut &c. It a.'s to the same thing, idem est. par est (C. pro Muren. 19, 41). It a.'s to the same thing, whether — or, nihil interest, utrum — an. The whole argument of his letter a.'s to this, summa epistolae haec est. What he said amounted to this, exitus fuit orationis (Cccs. B. G. 4, 6, Herzog). AMOUNT, s. summa. The whole a., solidum : an insignificant a., minuta summa or summula. || Abs- tract of a whole, summa, caput. See Sum. AMOUR, res amatoria. A.'s, amores. To have an a., amori operam dare (Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 58) : to pursue a.'s, amores sectari. AMPHIBIOUS, cui aquam terramque incolendi gemina natura est (Flor.). An a. animal, bestia quasi anceps, in utraque sede vivens (C. N. D. 1, 37, 103): animal, cui aquam terramque incolendi gemina natura est (Fl. 1, 3, 6): animal, cujus et in terra et in humore vita (Plin. 8, 31, 48). |l = Mongrel. Vid. AMPHIBOLOGICAL, amphibolus (CapelL). AMPHIBOLOGY, amphibolia, C. (amphibologia, Charts. Isid.) AMPHIBOLOUS, amphibolus (CapelL) AMPHIBRACH, amphibrachys (G. yos). AMPHIMACER, amphimacrus (or — acr.). AMPHISB^NA, amphisbaena (Lucan. Plin.). AMPHITHEATRE, amphitheatrum (Suet. Plin. Tac. propr. etfig.). To present somewhat of the appear- ance of an a., velut amphitheatri or theatri efficere speciem (see Hirt. B. Afr. 37). AMPH1THEATRICAL, amphitheatralis. AMPLE, amplus.— laxus (not narrow ; roomy).— spatiosus (roomy, spacious). — capax (able to hold much). — Often by satis : e. g. ample reason, satis causje: also gravis causa. An a. garrison, abunde magnum prae- sidium. \\ Liberal, fyc, benignus. \\ Full (as in 'an ample narrative'), copiosus, verbosus. longus. See Great. AMPLENESS, ampiitudo. laxitas. capacitas. AMPLIATE, ampliare. AMPLIATION, amplificatio (ampliatio is 'adjourn- ment;' but in Tertull. = amplificatio). AMPLIFICATE, amplificare. AMPLIFICATION, amplificatio (= 'enlargement,' and also as t. t. of Rhetoric, exaggerating representa- tion). AMPLIFIER, amplificator, C. (fern. — atrix). AMPLIFY, amplificare (= 'enlarge,' and also 'set off by rhetorical exaggeration'). Also dilatare (cs im- perium, gloriam). — propagare or proferre (qd. fines cs rei, &c.).— augere.— multiplicare. See Enlarge, In- crease. \\ Exaggerate rhetorica lly, amplificare. verbis exaggerare. — multiplicare verbis (represent as more numerous than they really are: e. g. copias). — verbis augere. in majus (verbis) extollere.— in falsum augere (Tac). AMPLITUDE. See Ampleness. AMPLY, ample.— copiose. large.— satis, abunde. AMPUTATE, amputare (membra, C). See Cut off. AMPUTATION, amputatio (not found, I believe, of limbs: but as amputare is, it may probably be used. desectio, resectio are general terms). AMULET, amuletum. phylacterium (iilv. age and late). AMUSE, oblectare (to supply a pleasant occupation ; to amuse, whether by things or words). — delectare (to delight). To a. oneself with athg, se delectare qa re. delectari qa re (e. g. libris) : se oblectare qa re (e. g. ludis). The play a.'s the people (fabula oblectat popu- lum). To be a.'d, oblectari qa re. oblectari et duci qa re. delectatione cs rei duci : voluptatem ex qa re ca- pere, percipere, habere. \\ Draw a man on (with hopes, promises, 8,-c), extrahere qm (v. L. 23, and 31). — qm variis frustrationibus differre, or variis dilationi- bus frustrare ; qm per frustrationem differre. — qm eludere atque extrahere.— lactare qm et spe falsa pro- ducere (Ter.). AMUSEMENT, oblectatio (a.: a relative pleasure). — delectatio (delight : a positive pleasure). For the sake or purpose of a., delectationis causa, animi causa, vo- luptatis causa ; animi voluptatisque causa. To indulge in some relaxation and a., se jucunditati dare et ani- mum relaxare. To lighten toil, labour, $c, by inter- vals of a., studia voluptatibus condire. To find a. in athg, delectari, oblectari qa re ; qa re oblectari et duci ; 1 In such a sentence as is given in Johnson : ' the errours of aged men amount but to this, that more might have been done, or sooner.' AN AND delectatione cs rei duci. II Amusement as thing, ob- lectamentum. delectaraentum (Ter. C). AN. See A. ANABAPTISM, *anabaptismus (ava/3ainin ; ac non mec orneque when the negative refers to the whole of the second sentence: et non or ac non, when it belongs more particularly to a single word or notion in it. or when the ' and ' is very emphatic, ac non esply when the notion in the second clause corrects, or is opposed to, a notion in the first : e. g. ' we must use reason, and n ot follow the distorted rule of custom,' adhibenda est ratio, nee utendum pra- vissima consuetudinis regula : 'it would be tedious and is not necessary to relate' longum est et non necessarium commemorare. ' I woult write to you at greater length, if the thing needed words, and did not speak for itself,' pluribus verbis ad te scriberem, si res verba desideraret, ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur). — {ggp"/« su".h a sentence as, ' it is A and not B,' it would be quite wrong to express the ' and' in Latin : e. g. tua culpa factum est, non mea (not tua culpa factum est, et non mea). || And not rather, ac non or ac non potius. || And nobody; and nothing; and never, &c. nee quisquam, nee quidquam, nee umquam, if the negative belongs to the whole sentence; et nemo, et nihil, et mimquam, when the negative belongs to the single word. || In sentences of parallel construction, e.g. 'A does this, and B does that,' fyc, the ' and ' should be translated by autem, wch is a weak adversative par- ticle : e.g. voluptates impellere, quo velit; unde autem velit, deducere. — versutos eos appello, quorum mens celeriter versatur, callidos autem, quorum mens — usu concalluit. ANDROGYNOUS, androg^nus, i. (C. subst): fern. androgyne. See Hermaphrodite. ANECDOTE, tabula, fabella.— narratiuncula (a pi- quant historical narrative). — facete, belle oictum, or dictum only (anoyOeyna, bon mot). — salse dictum, dic- tum (of a sarcastic kind). ANEMOMETER, *aerometrum.— *anemornetrum. ANEMONE, anemone. ANEW, denuo (rare except in Plaut. Ter. — when what had ceased begins again : veoOev eic Kaivrjs). — de or ab integro (Post-aug. also ex integro : when what had quite ended or disappeared begins again to exist fm the same causes as before: ef inrapxns)- — Anew is often ex- pressed by re in composition : seditio recrudescit (breaks out anew). ANFRACTUOUS, anfractus habens— currens in ambTtum. — sinuatus. ANFRACTURE, anfractus, us. ANGEL, angelus. minister ac nuncius Dei (Eccl.). — You come like an a. fm heaven, venis de coelo missus. — My A. ! meae delicias ! mea voluptas ! mea festivitas (amcenitas) ! mea anima ( vita) I— all in the Comic writers. ANGELIC 5 adJ '\ 'angelicus. — ccelestis, divinus. ANGELICAL, J -eximius, incomparabilis. ANGEL SHOT, * globus catenatus. ANGER, ira. — iracundia (of the habit of anger, pronencss to a. : also of a violent outbreak of this pas- sionate temper). — bilis (propr. the gill: hence melon, vexing and irritating displeasure ; the feeling rather thin the outward manifestation). — stomachus (propr. the stomach as the seat of anger fm the overflow of the gall into it : hence meton. for anger, passion). — indig- natio (anger arising fm indignation, and therefore ex- citing respect).— excandesceutia (= ira nascens : the waxing angry). Aby's violent a., ira et rabies cs. The a. of the gods, irae coelestes. For a., pra2 ira or ira- cundia: in a., per iram; iratus : — cum ira. irato animo; ira victus. To be a., iratum fieri; irritari : — ira incendi, excandescere ; ira or iracundia ardere (to be inflamed with a.). To excite aby's a., qm iratum reddere ; iram, bilem, or stomachum ci movere; bilem ci commovere (C); qm or cs iram irritare. To be under the influence of a., ira teneri : to give the reins to a., to surrender oneself to a , iracundiae parere : not to be able to restrain one's a., irae non potemem esse: to give vent to one's a. in tears, iram or bilem per lacrimas effundere : to vomit forth, or discharge one's a. agst (33) aby, iram evomere in qm ; stomachum in qm erumpere t to lay aside one's a., iram missam facere ; iram di- or o-mittere : his a. cools, ira defervescit, deflagrat. Prone to a., iracundus ; ad iram proclivis ; praeceps in iram. ANGER, v. facere qm iratum ; irritare qm or cs iram. stomachum ci facere or movere; indignationem ci movere ; bilem ci movere or commovere. — pungere qm (to sting a many — ofivndere qm (to annoy: of per- sons or things). — exacerbare qm (to make him bitter agst aby). — aegre facere ci (Plaut. Ter.). \\ To be angered, fyc. See angry. ANGLE, || Mathematical angle, angulus. — A right a., anguius rectus ; angulus ad normam respon- dens. An obtuse a., angulus obtusus or hebes. An acute a , angulus acutus. The a. of the eyes, angu- lus oculorum. Full of a.'s, anguiosus (t. t. Plin.). A little a., angellus (Lucr.). \\ Instrument for fish- ing. The nearest term is ramus ; hamus piscarius (the hook ; opp. to nets, fyc), or arundo (rod). ANGLE, v. hamo piscari. — hamo pisces capere. — arundine pisces captare (with a rod. Ov. Met. 8, 217). — Impr.) to fish for athg, captare, aucupari qd. ANGLER, piscator (g. t.). — qui hamo piscatur; qui arundine captat pisces, &c. See to Angle. ANGLE- ROD, arundo. ANGLICISM, *proprietas Britannici sermonis. ANGOUR, angor. ANGRILY, irate. — irato animo. — iracunde. To look a. at aby, iratis oculis or truci vultu qm intueri. ANGRY, iratus (angry : also of things that betray a person's a. : e. g. oculi) : with aby, ci. — irae plenus (full of wrath : of persons). — ira incensus or accensus or in- citatus or flagrans. iracundia inflammatus (inflamed with a.: of high degrees of passion). — minax. trux (threatening, wild, fierce: of looks, $c). — \\To be angry, iratum esse ; with or agst aby, iratum or offen- sum esse ci. He is a with me, ilium iratum habeo. They are a. with each other,' ha inter eos intercessit. To groiv a., irasci, iratum fieri; indignari ; stomachari; ira incendi or exacerbari or excandescere. iracundia exardescere, inflammari, efferri. — To make aby a,, facere qm iratum ; irritare qm or cs iram. exacerbare qm. To make aby a. agst aby, qm facere ci iratum. I am a. at athg, qd mihi stomacho est ; qd aegTe fero (in Com. qd mihi or meo animo aegre est) ; qd mihi molestum est ; qd me pungit ; qd me male habet. I felt more a. about it than Quintus himself, haec mihi majori stomacho, quam ipsi Quinto fuerunt. || To be angry (of ivounds), inflammari. ANGUISH, angor. — anxietas. — stimuli doloris. To suffer a., angi : about athg, animo angi de qa re : about aby, angorem capere pro qo. To suffer great a., an- gore confici, aestuare; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri; angi intimis sensibus. To be tortured with a., angore cruciari. ANGULAR, angularis (having angles). — angulatus (formed with angles).— anguiosus (having many angles). ANGULARITY, crcl. e.g. from its a., ex eo, quod angulatum or angulosum est. ANGULARNESS. See Angularity. ANGULATED, angulatus. ANGULOSITY. See Angularity. ANGULOUS, anguiosus. AN GUST. See Narrow. ANGUSTATION, crcl. with augustare (Plin.). ANHELATION, anhelatio (Plin.). ANIGHTS, nocte. noctu. nocturno tempore. ANILITy! SS '} anilitas iCatull.). ANIMADVERSION, || Reproof, censure, anim- adversio. To escape a., animadversionem effugere (C). See Reproof. \\ Punishment, animadversio (in qm). Jn. animadversio et castijjatio. The censor's or dictator's a.'s animadversiones censoriae, dictatorial. See Punishment. || Per ception, animadversio. Seer Perception. ANIMADVERT, \\ Censure or punish a fault, animadvertere qd : upon a person, animadvertere in qm. ANIMADVERTER, animadversor (e.g. vitiorum). ANIMAL, animal, animans (any living creature; animal, as belonging by nature to the class of living creatures; animans, as being now alive. The gend. of animans is determined by the subject of which it is sup- posed to be spoken ; hence pi. ammantia or animantes). — bestia (irrational animal; opp. homoj. — belua (a great unwieldy animal ; as elephant, lion, tiger ; whale, and other sea-monsters. In C. 2 2V. D. 12, 9, for bestia). — pecus, tidis, /. (domestic animals — bullock, sheep, 8fc; opp. belua, fera). A wild a., bestia fera or fera only (opp. cicur or pecus). — belua fera (of one of the D ANI ANN vlass described under belua,, living in a wild state; opp. pecus). — belua silvt-stris (opp. belua agrestis, dwelling in forests). To paint a.'s very well, prosperrime bestias exprimere {aft. Plin. 35, 1 1, 40, § 133). The a. creation, genus animalium or bestiarum ; genus animantium ; aniraalia. || A stupid animal, pecus (tidis). ANIMAL, as adj. animalis (endowed with life). |[ Be- longing to living creatures: by gen. animan- tium. A. fire, ignis, qui est in corporibus animantium. A. life, vita, quae spiritu et corpore continetur. \\ Pecu- liar to the brute creation: by gen. beluarum or pecudum (beluinus, bestialis not found in classical prose: e. g. a. instinct, beluarum or pecudum ritus). — impr) gross, sensual, fyc: by gen. corporis. A. pleasures, lusts, fyc, corporis voluptates, libidines. ANIMALCULE, bestiola (animalculum is without any old authority). — very small a.'s, immensae sub- tilitatis animalia. ANIMATE, [| Make alive, fyc, animare. || In- cite, $c, excitare, incitare (excite, incite). — incendere (to set a mtn on fire). — injicere ci qd (e. g. hope, eager- ness to fight, %c). — implere qm qa re (to fill aby with athg) — erigere qm in or ad spem (of filling him with hope). — cs studium incitare; cs animum erigere, &c. — To be animated, acriorem fieri, &c. ANIMATE, adj. animatus, animans, animalis. See Animal,, adj. ANIMATED, || Endowe d with life, animatus; animans; animalis. \\ Lively, vigorous, vividus, vegetus. alacer ad qd. || As part icp. incensus qa re (amore, officio, &c.).— impletus qa, re (e. g. spe ani- moque). ANIMATION, crcl. e. g. by gen. animandi, &c. (ani- matio, Tertull. fyc. in C. melon.) || Liveliness, vis. gravitas. vehementia (all three of a. in speaking). — alacritas, &c. ANIMATIVE, vitalis (promoting or containing life: e.g. vitalis vis). — in vivum calorem revocans (poet. O. Met. 4, 247). ANIMATOR, crcl. (animator, Tertull, fyc). ANIMOSITY, odium, invidia. simultas. ira. [Syn. in Hatred.] To feel, cherish, entertain a. agst aby, odisse qm. odium in qm habere or gerere. ci invidere. in simultate esse cum qo. He entertains a feeling of bitter a. agst aby, acerbissimum est cs odium in qm. To conceive a. agst aby. odium in qm concipere, or erga qm suscipere.— Look for other phrases in Hatred. ANISE, anisum (Pimpinella anisum. Linn.). ANKER, *amphora dimidiata. ANKLE, talus. Reaching to the a.'s, talaris (e.g. tunica). ANNALIST, annalium scriptor. ANNALS, annales. The a.'s of history, historise monumenta. ANNATS, primiiise (first-fruits of athg). ANNEAL, vitrum coloribus pingere ; vitro picturam inurere. The art of annealing, ars vitrum colori- bus pingendi ac picturam inurendi (aft. Plin. 35, 11, 41). ANNEX, annectere, adjungere qd ad qd or ci rei. — addere, adjicere, agglutinare,— subjicere qd ci rei. — copulare qd cum qa re. — See Add. ANNEX, s. acce^sus. accessio.— £V ANN ANT H Round ornament on the capital of a (Doric) pillar, annulus (Vitr.). — astragalus. ANNUMERATE, armumerare (C). ANNUMERATION, del. by annumerare (annu- meratio, Dig.). ANNUNCIATE, annunciare(PZi«.)- Sis, multis emanabat indiciis. || To make it ap- pear, that 8jC, docere, esply with argumentis. de- monstrare, firmare, confirmare, esply with argumentis. efficere, vincere, evincere. See Prove. APPEARANCE, adventus (approach).— praesentia (presence). — vadimonium (a. of a surety in court). ' On the a. of the enemy all fed,' *hoste appropinquante APP APP omnes terga verterunt. || That wch appears, res objecta (what is presented to the eyes: C. Acad. 2, 12, 38). — visum (what is seen, a sight, a vision).— species (a form one believes oneself to have seen, whether when awake or in a dream). — simulacrum (an image of the fancy, which, bearing a resemblance to some particular object, is supposed to be seen by a leaking person. But spectrum = e'idwKov in the sense of the Stoics). — osten- tum. prodigium. portentum (prodigy, portent). A sudden a., repentinus objectus. An alarming a., ob- jecta res terribilis. An unusual a., species nova atque insolita: also facies insolita (S. Jug. 49, 4). An a. in the heavens, phaenomenon. Sis quae fiunt may do (e.g. quae mari ccelove fiunt). To make one's a. on the stage, in scenam prodire. || Personal a., habitus corporis. || Appearance, opp. reality, species. To put on the a. of atlig, speciem cs rei praebere ; simuiare qd (to put on an a. hypocritically :— also simuiare with quasi and subj. or ace. and inf.). speciem cs rei induere. To have the a. of athg, speciem cs rei habere (of things); speciem cs rei prae se ferre. similitudinem quandam gerere speciemque cs (of persons). In ap- pearance, specie, in speciem (opp. reapse) ; verbo. verbo et simulatione (opp. revera, re ipsa). Sts simu- late, ficte et simulate. He only put on the a. of mad- ness, simulavit se furere ; simulavit furentem. He pretended to defend him, to save a 's, speciem defen- sionis praebuit. First a.'s are deceitful, prima frons decipit (Phcedr. 4, I, 4). To judge by first a.'s, dijudi- care qd ex prima fronte. || Under the a. (= pre- text, pretence), specie, per speciem. nomine (under co'our of). — simulatione. per simulationem (under cioke of: sub praetextu or obtentu not classical). Jn. simulatione et nomine, fronte or in frontem (opp. pec- tore). In all appearance, baud dubie. But mly by Crcl. with verisimilis or videri. In all a. (or, to all a.'s) he will not come, verisimillimum est, eum non venturum; or, non venturus videtur ; or, vereor ut venturus sit. To all a.'s a war is at hand, bellum im- minere or exarsurum esse videtur. || To observe the a.'s of the sky, de ccelo servare (of augurs). APPEASABLE, placabilis. To show himself a., placabilem inimicis se prasbere, se praestare. APPEASaBLENESS, placabilitas. ingenium placa- bile. animus placabilis. animus ad deponendam offen- sionem mollis. APPEASE, placare (g. t., to pacify ; e g. numen divi- num scelere violatum precibus ; iram deorum ; hostes re-ipublicae). — expiare (to a. by expiatory rites ; numen ; manes). — mitigare, lenire (to soothe, to soften down; ut eum tibi ordinem aut reconcilies aut mitiges. C). To a. ahy who is angry with another, ariimum cs in qm offensiorem recoiligere : to a. aby towards another, placare qm ci or in qm; qm cum qo or qm or cs ani- mum ci reconciliare; qm cum qo reconciliare. || To a. one's hunger or thirst, famem or sitim explere or depellere (depulsare more poet.) : — sitim reprimere. APPEASEMENT, placatio (as act).— reconciliatio concordiae or gratiae. gratia reconciliata. reditus in gratiam. APPEASER, reconciliator gratiae (aft. L. 35, 45, 3: comp. Appul. Apol. p. 286, Agrippa, populi reconcili- ator). APPELLANT, appellator (C. Verr. 4, 65, 146) : qui appellat, provocat. ||To a battle: qui provocat ; qui qm ad pugnam, ad certamen provocat ; qui qm ad pugnam evocat, lacessit, ad certamen elicit. APPELLATE, || Person appealed against, qui appellatur (de qa re). Sts reus. ^Entertaining appeals, 8,-c. An a. jurisdiction, 'judicium ad qd provocari potest ; *senatus provocationum. APPELLATION. See Name. APPELLATIVE. An a., vocabulum (= ' nomen appellativum'). APPELLATORY. ' The a. libel' (Ayliffe), libellus appellatorius (TJlp.). APPELLEE. See Appellate. APPEND, addere. adjungere. adjicere. agglutinare [See Add], f^ Jl T ol appendere, wch is to 'weigh out' athg to aby; to 'weigh.' APPENDAGE, accessio (accessionem adjungere aedibus, C. ; minima accessio semper Epirus regno Macedoniae fuit, L.). — additamentum. appendix (vidit appendicem animi esse corpus, C. ; exguam appen- dicem Erusci belli conficere, L.). A small a., appen- dicula: quasi quaedam appendicula cs rei (C). APPENDANT, qui (quae, quod) ci rei haeret, ad- haerescit, &c. Often by suus (ejus or illorum) ; pro- prius suus, or ejus, &c. APPENDANT, s. See Appendage. (39) APPENDICATE. See Append. APPEND1CATION, adjunctio, appositio. |] Ap- pendix. See Appendage. APPENDIX. See Appendage. APPERTAIN, || Belong; of strict possession; esse cs (not ci). — qs possidet qd. This a.'s to me, hie meus est. [So always the possessive pron., not the dat. of the personal one.) || Belong, relate to, $c, at- tinere ad qd. spectare ad qd. referri or referendum esse ad qd. It a.'s to a happy life, ad beatam vitam pertinet. Often by esse with the gen. \\ To be due to, deberi. APPETENCE, appetitus. appetitio. appetentia. See Appetite. APPETITE, appetitus. appetitio. appetentia (striv- ing after athg; instinctive longing for it). — cupiditas. cupido (the latter more poet ).— aviditas (greedy desire). — libido (a natural, mly sensual, desire; lust: libidines, unbridled desires, lus's). — desideiium (longing desire accompanied by a sense of want). See Desire. || De- sir e of eating, cibi cupiditas, aviditas, or appetentia. cibi appeteudi aviditas (in Gell. appetitus). fames (hunger). Want of a., fastidium ; cibi satietas (when one is full) To have an a , cibum appetere : to have a good a., to eat with a., libenter cibum sumere (of an invalid) ; libenter coenare (g. t. ; but of a particular instance, not of the habit) : to have no a., *cibum fas- tidire. To have no more a., satiatum esse, cibi satie- tate teneri. To create or produce an a., appetentiam cibi facere, praestare, invitare. Wine creates an a., cibi appetentia invitatur vino. To give aby an a. (= make his mouth water), salivam ci movere (Sen.). To get an a. by walking, famem ambulando opsonare. To re- cover one's a., get a fresh a., aviditatem cibi appetendi revocare. To fall to with a good a , integram famem ad cibum afferre. AP PETITION, appetitio. appetitus. appetentia. APPLAUD, plaudere, applaudere ci or ci rei ; ap- plaudere et approbare qd. To a. aby loudly, maximos plausus ci impertire. See Praise. APPLAUDER, laudator ( praiser, c. : subr. of the proposer, suff. of the people). To appoint aby or athg to or for aby or athg. desti- nare ci qd or qm (e.g. qm viro uxorem). || To ap- point (—in ten d) aby or athg to or for any office, fate, purpose, 8>c, destinare ad qd or ci rei; designare ad qd (mark out for): seponere ci rei or in qd (to set apart for). To be appoin ted (= destined to athg by fate), ci rei or ad rem natum esse : — fato fieri qd. ' It is ap- pointed to all men once to die,' fyc, ea lege or hoc fato nati sumus. ut &c ; ita a natura generati sumus, ut &c. || Fix that a person should be present at such a time or place, qm adesse or venire jubere. ' To a aby to appear at Rome early in the following spring,' inito proximo vere Romae qm adesse jubere : ' to a. that a person should come back to one,' qra ad se (40) reverti jubere : to a. a place or time, condicere tern pus et locum (coeundi, Just.). || Well appointed, instructus. omnibus rebus ornatus atque instructus. See Equip. APPOINTER, constitutor (Q. Lactant). APPOINTMENT, constitutum. To have an a. with aby. habere constitutum cum qo (e. g. cum podagra, with the gout, C, playfully). || Stipulation. See Agreement. To make an a. ivith aby, cum qo mihi convenit, ut. We made an a., inter nos convenit, ut &c. According to a., ut erat constitutum. ex pacto. ex convento. ex conventu. || Order, jussus. jussum. mandatum. praeceptum. See Command. According to aby's a., jussu or auctoritate cs ; jubente qo; also by jussus a qo : sts by a qo only (as in Athenienses, a quibus erat prot'ectus, Np. Milt. 2, 3, Ddhne). || Equipment, Vid. \\ Allowance, Vid. \\Act of appointing, constitutio. || To keep an a. ( = appear at an appointed day), ad diem adesse or sistere se, or sisti. APPORTION, assignare. dispertire. distribuere. impertire. tnbuere. [Syn. in Allot.] describere (if set down in writing; e. g. suum cuique munus descri- bere) dimetiri. Sts dirigere qd ad qd : qa re dirigere qd : modulari qd qa re (i. e. to bring one thing into due proportion to another). APPORTIONER, *divisor (esply of lands to colo- nists, C. Phil. 5, 7, 20).— assignator (U lp.). —distributor (Tri.im. ad JEscul. p. 92, 26). APPORTIONMENT, assignatio (e.g. agrorum : as act or thing). — attributio. perscriptio (of money: the latter by writing). — pars (a portion). — divisio (act of dividing). — dis'ributio. See Allotment. APPOSE. See Question. \\ Apply one thing to another. See Apply. APPOSER. See Examiner. APPOSITE, appositus (ad qd : ad judicationem, C. ad agendum, C). — idoneus (ad'qd). — accommodatus (ci rei or ad qd). consentaneus ci rei. conveniens ci rei or ad qd (suitable to). — aptus ci rei or ad qd. APPOSITELY, apte (e.g. dicere, qd disponere): to athg, ad qd apte, accommodate or apposite. APPOSITENESS, by Crcl. with accommodatum, aptum, idoneum, consentaneum esse; convenire or congruere (ci rei or cum qa re), &c. APPOSITION, adjunctio.— appositio (e g. exemplo- rum). — adjectio. or by partcp. admotus, appositus, ad- jectus. || In Grammar, *appositio, quam Grammatici vocant. APPRAISE, aestimare (g.t., to value). — Censere was the act of the censor, §c, valuing property with a view to taxation. APPRAISER, aestimator.— Valuer of property with a view to taxation, censor. APPRECIABLE, Crcl. by aestiman posse. APPRECIATE, aestimare. aestimare ex aequo. APPREHEND, || Lay hold on, prehendere, ap- prehendere, comprehendere qm or qd : with athg, qa re. — prehendere or comprehendere qd manibus : manu prehendere or reprehendere qm (the latter, for the pur- pose of dragging him back: e. g. a soldier flying from the battle). — 1| To arrest, fyc, comprehendere (g. t.). — in custodiam dare, in vincula conjicere (put in prison).— e fuga retrahere qm (if fie was flying). || Seize with the mind; comprehend: capere (to take a thing). — intelligere (to understand it). — (mente) percipere (to take it in; see it clearly). — asse- qui (to folloiv it; hence to master it). || Fear, vereri, timere, metuere. See Fear. APPREHENSIBLE, quod intelligi or mente per- cipi potest. APPREHENSION, comprehensio (act of seizing; of arresting: e.g. sontium, C). — prehensio (in a judi- cial sense : e. g. jus prehensionis habere, of arrest). — || Mental conception, captus (manner of appre- hending: in class, prose, only in the phrase, ut est captus cs or qrm). — vis percipiendi (faculty of compre- hending).— intelligentia (power of understanding ; un- derstanding; Post-aug. intellectus). — intelligendi pru- dentia, or prudentia (the understanding as a faculty, and a clear view into the nature of things obtained by its means. C. de Or. 1, 20, 90, and Partit. Or. 8, 29). — ingenium (mental powers generally ; quickness, Talents). — Quickness of a., celeritas percipient: i; celeritas in- genii. Quick of a., docilis. in qo est ingenii docilitas (easily learning). — perspicax (seeing clearly through a thing). Slow of a., indocilis. tardus, stupidus. To descend to the a. of one's audience, ad intelligentiam audientium or auditorum descendere. Suited, adapted, 8,-c, to the a. of ordinary men, ad sensum popularem APP APR vulgaremque or ad commune judicium popularemque intelligentiam accommodatus or accommodate : intel- ligentia a vulgari non remotus : to descend to the a. of one's pupils, of beginners, ad intelligentiam discentium descendere ; se summittere ad mensuram discentium (Q.): to be beyond our a., fugere intelligentiae nostrae vim : to sharpen a.'s, ingenium or intelligendi pruden- tiam acuere. || Notion, ovinion. Vid. \\Fear, anxiety. Vid. APPREHENSIVE, |[ Quick of appr ehension, docilis perspicax. \\Fearf ul. See Fearful, Fear, v. ^Sensitive, *sensu praeditus. Also patibilis (e.g. natura. C). Sts mollis, mollior, *qui facile movetur. APPREHENSIVELY. See Fearfully. APPREHENSIVENESS, intelligentia. intelligendi prudentia. APPRENTICE, s. discipulus artificis or magistri (v. C. de Or. 3, 9, 35). puer discens (both for pupil generally : the latter, if he is a lad under 17). — tiro (one still a beginner in his art).— tabernae alumnus (pupil, lad, 8fc, of a handicraftsman or shopkeeper: e.g. tabernae sutrinae al., a shoemaker's apprentice). |g§|> None of these words fully express our notion of an apprentice : prps. *ab qo in disciplinam receptus, or ab qo in dis- ciplinam sollemni ritu receptus. To receive a lad as one's a., *puerum sollemni ritu in disciplinam recipere. APPRENTICE, v. *puerum tradere opirici in dis- ciplinam (of the father, |-c). — *dare puerum in taber- nam opificis. APPRENTICEHOOD, \ annus or anni disciplinae. APPRENTICESHIP, J To serve one's a., *tiro- cinium ponere, deponere. APPRIZE, docere (g. t., to inform, teach). — edocere (to impart sufficient information about a particular cir- cumstance). — monere (to give information by way of warning : all these qm qd or de re). — certiorem facere qm de re or cs rei. To be apprized of athg, certiorem fieri de re ; edoceri qd ; cognoscere rem. APPROACH, !|0/ perso ns: accedere ad qd. appro- pinquare ad qd or ci rei. adventaie (abs. to a. rapidly: esply of an enemy in the historians). — succedere qd. ad or sub qd (draw near to gradually). To a. (of a general), copias adducere, (propius) admovere (e. g. ad urbem). || Of time; appropinquare. appetere. — ad- ventare (i.e. with rapid steps). — imminere, instare (to be at hand: of a threatening a.): prope adesse; subesse (to be near). The time a.'s when, prope adest, quum &c. : the seventh day was approaching, appetebat dies septimus : to have approached one's eightieth year, prope ad octogesimum annum pervenisse. || To come near to, resemble, prope accedere (ad); accedere ad similitudinem cs rei ; non multum abesse (a) ; simile esse cs. To a. the truth, prope accedere ad veritatem ; non multum abesse a veritate ; simile esse veritatis. APPROACH, Tr. admovere qd ci rei. APPROACH, s. appropinquatio. accessus. adventus. — successus (gradual a. : e. g. of enemies). — appulsus (rapid a. : e. g. of ships). Sudden a., adventus repen- tinus, improvisus : unexpected a., interventus, super- ventus (T. Hist. 2, 54, 1).— similitudo (a. in the way of resemblance). The a. of the sun, appulsus solis : the a. of death, mortis appropinquatio : at the a. of death, morte appropinquante : at the a. of night, nocte appe- tente; sub noctem (not nocte). || Access, (1) as place, aditus: to close all the a.'s, omnes aditus claudere, intercludere, praecludere, obstruere. (2) Liberty of approaching, aditus: to be easy of a. (of persons), aditus ad eum est facilis. See Access. || Approaches (of a besieging army) must be trans- lated by opera (ivorks). To make a.'s, opera urbi ad- movere : urbem operibus aggredi. APPROACHABLE, patens ; facilis accessu (of places): ad quem faciles sunt aditus (of persons). See Accessible, Access. APPROACHMENT. See Approach, s. APPROBATION, probatio. approbatio. comprobatio (approval). — assensio or assensus (assent).— plausus (applause). — assentatio (hypocritical a. : in good sense, Post-aug.)—a.cc)amatio. clamores (cries of a. : but in C. accl. is a cry of disapprobation). Jn. plausus clamo- resque. To receive athg or aby with a., probare qm or qd ; approbare, comprobare qd (approve). — ci applau- dere, plausum ci dare or impertire ; applaudere et approbare qm or qd ; plausu, plausu et clamore prosequi qd (to applaud it) : assentire or assentiri ci or ci rei ; ci assentari, suffi agari, astipulari, album calculum adjicere ci rei (vote for it: the last Plin.). To express unani- mous a. of athg, consensu et una voce approbare qd. Not to give, to withhold, one's a., assensum (also ivith a re) retinere, cohibere : sustinere se ab assensu: to (41) express clamorous a. of aby, clamore et vocibus ci astrepere : to express a. loudly, rragno clamore appro- bare qd. To receive, or be honoured with a., approbari: aby's a , probari ci or a qo ; ci placere : general a., omnibus probari or placere; ab omnibus laudari; omnium assensu comprobari. With clamorous expres- sions of a., cum plausibus clamoribusque. To meet with no a., improbari; displicere: a speech is received without any a., oratio friget. To court a., assensionem captare; laudem venari. ^Liking for, amor, studium cs rei. proclivitas ad qd (of a bad inclination for).-~ inclinatio animi or voluntatis ad qd. \ Attestation, adfirmatio. confirmatio. (To do athg) in a. of (= to confirm) athg, ut rem testimonio confirmet, &c, or by other Crcl. ivith fidem ci rei addere ; qd testimonio confirmare, &c. APPROOF. See Approbation. APPROPERATE, approperare. APPROPINQUATE,) - AnitnAn „ APPROPINQUE, ) See Approach. APPROPRIATE, v. addicere ci qd (recognize it as his properly). — dicare, dedicare ci qd (a. expressly to aby, whether to a god or to a man). — qd cs facere (qd meum, tuum, &c, facere for second and third persons): qd ci proprium tradere (C, to deliver it to him for his own) : qd ci proprium facere (Hor.). — sacrare, consecrare (to dedicate to a god). — 1| To appropriate to oneself, qd suum facere. qd sibi or ad se vindicare; also vindicare qd (to claim as one's property, whether justly or not). — in se transferre qd (to a. it unjustly). — arrogare sibi qd (to claim presumptuously what does not belong to one). sumere or assumere sibi qd (to take to oneself what does not rightfully belong to one). — sibi inscribere qd (of giving to oneself a title or character: e. g. nomen philosophi). — occupare qd (of seizing athg before another ivho might wish to do the same). — sibi uui qd tribuere. To a. to oneself a part of athg, partem cs rei ad se vin- dicare. qd ex qa re sibi arrogare (e.g. of another man's merit, ex aliena laude) : qd ex qa re sibi decerpere (e. g. ex cs laude). The nobles appropriated to them- selves three magistracies, tres magistratus nobilitas sibi sumpsit. APPROPRIATE, adj. See Fit. APPROPRIATION, assignatio (allotting, allotment, with agrorum expressed or understood).— addictio (e. g. bonorum). — consecratio (religious dedication; prob. Post-aug. for in C. Balb. 14, 33, it seems to be a gloss. sacratio, late: Macrob .).— dedicatio (dedication: e.g. templi, aedis : also the beginning to appropriate athg to a particular use: e.g. patinas, Suet.). APPRO V ABLE, probabilis.— laudabilis, laude dig- nus (deserving praise). — praedicabilis (deserving to be extolled). APPROVAL, \ _ * „.„„„.„ A „, TrtxT APPROVANCE, j See Approbation. APPROVE, probare qm or qd ; approbare, compro- bare qd. — laudare (to praise). — praedicare (to extol). — assentire or assentiri ci rei (assent to) : album calculum adjicere ci rei (Plin., vote for it). — ratum habere (to recognize as valid: e. g. the acts of a governor, fyc. : of a law, sts jubere). To a. of what has been done, probare ea quae facta sunt. — See more under Approbation. || To a. oneself to aby, se ci probare. To a. oneself faithful, 8fc, sefidum praestare, praebere. || To prove, probare qd ci, &c. Vid. || Approved, to be, probari ci or a qo: placere ci ; laudari (to be praised, fyc): satisfacere (to satisfy). More under Approbation. || Approved (= tried and allowed to be so): probatus; spectatus ; spectatus et probatus ; spectatus et cog- nitus; spectatus jam et diu cognitus; confessus (al- lowed). A man of approved virtue, integrity, fyc, homo probatus or spectatus; homo virtutecognita; vir spec- tatae integritatis. APPROVEMENT. See Approbation. APPROVER, approbator (e. g. profectionis meae, C. : opp. suasor et impulsor).— probator (e. g. facti, C). — comprobator (e.g. auctoritatis ejus et inventionis, C). — laudator (praiser). || Approver in law must be translated by the gen. term index (informer). APPROXIMATE, v. Intr.) See Approach, Intr. || Tr.) See Approach, Tr. APPROXIMATE, propinquus. proximus — Sts by Crcl. with prope accedere ad qd ; non multum abesse a qa re. APPROXIMATION, appropinquatio. accessus. See Approach. To be an a. to athg, (prope) accedere ad qd ; non multum abesse a qa re. APPULSE, appulsus (C). APRICOT, prunumArraeniacum: also Armeniacum or Armenium only. An a. tree, Armeniaca. APR ARC APRIL, Aprilis, with or without mensis. The first of A., Kalendas Apriles. The fifth of A., Nonse Apriles. Tomakeaby an A. fool, ludibrio habere qm. A. weather, varietas et inconstantia tempestatum; crebra tempes- tatum commutatio ; coelum varians. APRON, subligaculum, subligar (covering round the loins). — campestre (worn by young persons engaging naked in the exercises of the Campus Martius : wearing such an a., campestratus). — praecinctorium (a longer a. : late). A leather a., *praecinetorium coriarium [not ventrale or semicinctium]. || In gunnery, oper- culum. || An a. -hold, *feudum muliebre. APRON-MAN, opifex. Collectively sts, qui in taber- nis sunt. APROPOS, audi! die quaeso ! A. ofathg, quoniam mentio hujus rei injecta est (since this subject has been mentioned) : sed quod mihi in mentem venit (but it just occurs to me). To come very a , opportune venire. APSIS, absis or apsis, G. apsidis (a^tr). APT, || Fi t, idoneus ad qd ; aptus ci rei or ad qd ; conveniens, congruens (unci, congruus), consentaneus ci rei or ad qd [Syn. in Adapted]. || Inclined to, propensus ad qd (easily moved to athg).— proclivis ad qd. pronus in or ad qd (easily falling into athg : e.g. diseases, rage, passions, 8;c. Before Tac. pronus only of instinctive, passionate, and therefore pernicious, in- clination). — studiosus cs rei (fond of). $gjf° 'Apt to do' athg, may often be translated by solere (of things and persons), assuevisse, consuevisse (of persons), with inf. || An apt wit, ingenium acutum; docile; excel- lens ; praestans ; eximiurn. APT, v. See Adapt. APTITUDE. See Aptness. APTLY, apte (e.g. dicere ; qd disponere). — ad qd apte, accommodate, or apposite. Sts convenienter, congruenter. Jk. apte congruenterque ; congruenter convenienterque. idonee. apposite, commode. \\ Rea- dily, quickly, prompte (Tac). — celeriter, cito (quickly), bene, optime (well). APTNESS, || Disposition, proclivitas or animus proclivis (ad qd). \\ Aptness for learning, ingenium ad qd aptum or habile ; ingenii dexteritas ; ingenium docile ; docilitas. ingenii acumen. To have an a. for athg, habilem or aptum esse ad qd : a natural a., natum esse ad qd. \\F itness, convenientia (apt agree- ment: e.g. partium, rerum). — congruentia (Suet. — morum, Augustin). — habilitas (aptitude for any pur- pose, corporis habilitates, C). APTOTES (indeclinables), aptota (amuTa.— Diom. Prise). AQUA FORTIS, «aquafortis; *chrysulca (t. t.). AQUA MARINA, beryllus (according to 0. Miiller). AQUARIUS, Aquarius. AQUATIC, aquatilis (aquatiles bestise, C. ; also arbores, frutices, Plin.). — aquaticus (aquaticae aves, Plin.). AQUATILE. See Aquatic. AQUEDUCT, aquae or aquarum ductus. Often aqua only: e.g. 'the a. of Claudius,' aqua Claudia. To make an a to the town, aquam in urbem ducere. AQUEOUS, aquatilis (having a watery taste, Mapijr : e.g. sapor, succus). — aquaticus is watery, wet: aquosus, watery, abounding in water. AQUILINE. An a. nose, nasus aduncus. [Aqui- licus is, belonging to an eagle; eagle-like. ARABESQUES, pictures monstra (aft. Vitr.7, 5, 3). — rerum quae nee sunt nee fieri possunt nee fuerunt imagines (aft, Vitr. 7, 5, 4). ARABLE, arabilis (Plin. not as a general epithet of such land: campus nullis, cum siccus est, arabilis tauris). A. land, ager novalis (Varr.), or novalis (sc. terra), or novale (sc. solum : all, a field or land that must be ploughed). Sts by arva, pi. ARANEOUS, araneus. ARATION, aratio. ARBALIST, arcuballista (Veget.). ARBALISTER, arcuballistarius (Veget.). ARBITER, arbiter (one who decides a cause on grounds of equity, whereas a judex is bound to decide by law: also in all the senses of the English word). — dis- ceptator (one who examines and decides upon the validity of the grounds alleged : e.g. in disagreements and verbal disputes). A private a. was arbiter honorarius or dis- ceptator domesticus (at Rome. — Ruperti, ii. p. 690). To choose aby as a., qm arbitrum or disceptatorem suniere: to appoint an a. between two parties, arbitrum inter partes dare : to act as a., esse arbitrum or disceptatorem inter qos : qrm controversiam disceptare or dirimere : to be a. in a cause, arbitrum esse in qd : cs rei ar- bitrium est penes qm ; dirimere or disceptare qd (to (42) adjust or settle a dispute) ; qd componere (to settle it in an amicable way). The decision of an a., arbitrium. || Judge. Vid. ARBITRAMENT. See Arbitrement. ARBITRARILY, ad arbitrium; ad libidinem ; ad voluntatem; ex libidine; ex voluntate; insolenter. To form words a., verba fingere insolenter (Gell.) or licentius. Ugp" Arbitrarily often implies cruelty, despotic conduct, fyc, superbe, crudeliter. To act a., crudeliter ac regie facere; erudelissime se gerere : to rule or govern a., crudelem superbanique dominationem exercere (aft. C. Phil. 3, 14, 34). ARBITRARIOUS, arbitrarius (opp. certus, Plaut. ; to naturalis, Gell.). ARBITRARIOUSLY. See Arbitrarily. ARBITRARY, \\ Despotic, unlimited, abso- lute, infinitus (unbounded). — summus (h ; ghest). — im- periosus (in a lordly tyrannical way). — Jn. imperiosus et superbus. — impotens, agst aby, ci (in a passionate, unbridled way: of both persons and things). — impor- tunus (hard, showi?ig no mercy or consideratio?i for others in one's conduct: opp. clemens).— Sts crudelis inqm; saevus in qm. A. power, infinita or summa potestas; imperium summum ; quum dominatu unius omnia tenentur; or dominalio only : to possess a. power, summo imperio praeditum esse. An a. spirit, superbia. || Depending on no rule, capricious: arbitra- rius (late: dependent on one's own will: e.g. motus, opp. naturalis, Gell.). — *libidine or ex libidine factus (formed by one's own will alone, and so capriciously). — insbiens (unusual). — insolenter fictus (of words arbitra- rily invented. Gell.). ARBITRARINESS, mostly by superbia. insolentia. impotentia. ARBITRATE, \\ Decide judicially, disceptare qd. decernere qd, or de re, or abs. dijudicare qd (these three are also used of arbitration by the sword, ferro). — judicare qd or de re. decldere qd or de re. statuere, constituere qd. To a. in any matter, affirmare de re : in a dispute, controversiam disceptare, decernere. dijudicare: de controversia dtcidere, statuere, con- stituere. \\Act as arbiter, arbitri partes suscipere. esse arbitrum or disceptatorem (inter qos). See ' to be an Arbiter.' ARBITRATION, arbitrium. To refuse aby's a., arbitrum or disceptatorem qm recusare. To commit athg to aby's a., rem cs arbitrio permittere : to the a. of the sword, controversiam ferro dijudicare, decernere, disceptare. || Decision, dijudicatio, disceptatio (as action).— judicium, sententia (judicial sentence). ARBITRATOR. See Arbiter. ARBITREMENT, arbitrium.— sententia. judicium (judicial sentence). — disceptatio. dijudicatio (act of de- ciding). ARBORET, arbuscula (Varr.). ARBOREOUS, arboreus. ARBOROUS, arboreus. ARBOUR, umbraculum,— casa frondea (poetical. Ov.). ARBOUR-VINE, *convolvulus. ARBUSCLE, arbuscula. ARBUTE, arbutus. — arbiitum (fruit of it: and melon, the tree). ARC, arcus (in Mathematics : segment of a circle, fyc). || A rch. Vid. ARCADE, porticus. — ambulatio arcuata(JT. and F.). ARCH, arcus (g. t). — fornix (arch, archway: both used of triumphal arches). An arch ed roof, camera (camera lapideis fornicibus vincta). jj§gp~ Cic. censures Ennius's fornices cceli ('the arch of heaven') as a badly chosen image. ARCH, v. arcuare (L.) — camerare. concamerare (to a. over; cover with a vaulted roof: camerare, Plin. only ; nidos camerare ab imbri) — confornicare (Vitruv , a. over). To be arched, arcuari (g. t., to be arched or curved). — fomicatim curvari (Plin.).— concamerari (to be arched over ; covered with an arched roof). \\ Arched, arcuatus. — in formam arcus incurvus (Mela). — in apsida curvatus (Plin.). — cameratus, concameratus (arched or vaulted over). Sts convexus, gibbus (swell- ing out). ARCH, adj. petulans. lascivus. ARC H- (as prefix =) chief, (a) In dignities and titles archi- prefixed, as in Archbishop, Archiepiscopus : in other words (b) often by summus or maxhr.us (with or without omnium) : by (c) caput or princeps with gen. ; or (d) by qui totus ex qua. re factus est, or versatus in omni genere cs rei ; or, lastly (in a few words in Plaut. and afterwards in Juv.), by the Greek prefix tri- . . Thus, trifur, triscurria. ARC ARI ARCHAIOLOGY, *antiquarum literarum scientia. ♦aniiquarum rerum scientia {according as acquaint- ance with ancient literature or with other monuments of antiquity is meant). ARCHAISM, verbum or vocabulum obsoletum, ex- oletum, an usu quotidiani sermonis jam dia intermis- sum. — dicendi. loquendi ratio obsoleta. ARCHAX GEL, Arcbangelus (£«;/.).— \\De ad-net- tle, galeopsis. lamium. ARCHBISHOP, Archiepiscopus {Cod. Just.). ARCHBISHOPRIC, archiepiseopatus. ARCHDEACON, archidiaconus. ARCHDUKE, *archidux. ARCH-PHILOSOPHER, summus philosophus. ARCH-PRESBYTER, archipresbyter. ARCH-PRIEST, summus sacerdos. archisacerdos. archipresbyter (Eccl.). ARCHED. See Arch, v. ARCHER. Sagittarius. A mounted a., hippotoxota. ARCHERY, *sagittarum emissio. crcl. by sagitras mittere. As a game, *lusuum id genus, quo in orbes tela conjiciunt. ARCHETYPAL, archet^pus {Juv.). ARCHETYPE, archetypum {Varr. Macr. apxe-rvirov in C). — *exemplum primum.— exemplum. — species {used by C. for the Platonic \bea.) ARCHITECT, architectus [architecton,Pfow/. Sen.}. |j C ontriver, auctor. parens, inventor, conditor. effector. Jn. parens effectorque. princeps. architectus Jn. princeps et architectus. inventor et quasi archi- tectus. molitor. instimulator. concitator. Jk. in sti- mulator et concitator. The a. of the world, creator or procreitor mundi ; effector munfli molitorque. ARCHITECTONIC, architectonicus {Vitr.). ARCHITECTURE, architectura (C). — architec- tonice (Q.). ARCHITRAVE, epistylium. ARCHIVARY. ab actis (I user.). ARCHIVE, tabularium (archium, archivum, gram- matophylacion, Post-class.). Archives, tabulae publicee. (acta publica or acta are the records of the proceedings of the senate, people, 8,-c. — tabulinum or tablinum a place in a Roman house, where documentary papers were kept). ARCH-LIKE, in formam arcus iucurvus, &c. See Arched. ARCHWISE, in formam arcus. arcuatim {Plin.). ARCTIC, septemtrionalis (regio, populus, &c). — aquilonaris regio (C. ; prop, relating to the north-east). [Arcticus circulus, Hygin. Astron. 1, 6 J ggirBore- alis unrlass. and poet. See North, Northern. ARCUATE. See Arched. ARCUATION, arcuatio {only in Frontin.). ARCCBALISTER, arcuballistarius {Vegel.). ARDENCY, ardor (sc. amoris, Tib.), aestus {of fevers, passions. &c). vis. ARDENT, ardens. fervens or fervidus. — aestuosus {of raging heat), imfropr.) calidus ; ardens ; fervens or fervidus. — acer {vehement, fierce). An a. temper, ingenium ardens or fervidum. || Ardent tof spirits, Sec), fervidus {aft. vina fervida, H.). ARDENTLY, ardenter; ferventer; acriter. — cupide, avide {eagerly). To desire a., ardenter cupere qd; vehementer cupere. ARDOUR, propr.) See Heat. — impropr.) ardor, fervor, aestus {the first the weakest, the last the strongest: all three also with animi, when menial a. is rneant). — impetus {impetuosity). Youthful a., ardor juvenilis ; ardor or fervor aetatis. ARDUOUS, \\High, Vid. || Difficult, gravis {heavy). — difhcilis. non facilis {difficult). — magnus {ureal).— durus {hard). — impeditus {encumbered with difficulties). An a. task, magnum opus atque arduum. ARDUOUSNESS. \\Height, Viu. \\ Difficulty, diflicultas. negotium {the labour one must undergo to attain one's object). AREA, area.— i-uperficies {extension in length and breadth). A small a., areSla. AREFACTION, Crcl. by arefacio, arefieri. AREFY, arefacere (Fair.). — siceare. ARENACEOUS, arenaceus {Plin.). ARENATION, arenatio (Vitr., for a stucco of sand). ARENOSE, arenosus. ARETOLOGY. Sec Moral philosophy. ARGENT, adj. argenteus. ARGILLACEOUS, argillaceus {consisting of clay. Plin.). — argillosus {abounding with clay. Varr.). ARGOSY. See Ship. ARGUE. To disc uss a question, agere rem or de re 143) {g. t.). — disputare, disserere de qa re {of learned discus- sions: disser. mly of a continuous discourse).— sermowem habere de re {discuss it in conversation). — disceptare qd or de qa re {with a view to the settlement of a dis- pute). To a. at great length, multis verbis disputare: to a. on the other side, contra disputare : to a. on both sides of a question, in utramque partem: on opposite sides, in contrarias partes. \\ Produce arguments, argumentari {wi'h neut. pron. or dependent clause). docere argumentis. firmare, confirmare anmmentis. — efficere or evincere velle {to wish to establish an opi- nion).— || A ccuse, arguere {with gen. abl. de, ace. with inf. or MX.). See Accuse. || Pro ve, infer {trans.), pro- bare, evincere, ostendere, declarare. ARGUER, disputator (seld.—once in C). — qui dis- putat, &c. ARGUMENT, || Proof, reason, argumentum.— ratio. To bring or allege a.'s, argumenta or rationes afferre : to derive a.'s fm, argumenta ex re ducere, sumere, eruere : to reject an a., argumentum rejicere : to press an a., argumentum premere : to bean a., argu- mento esse. gUT An a. for athg. not argumentum pro qa re, but argumentum quo qd esse demonstrate, &c. To bring many a.'s for the existence of a God, multis argumentis Deum esse docere. That is no a., nullum verum id argumentum est. To produce or allege many probable a.'s for that opinion, muita in earn partem probabiliter argumentari (L.). — Argumentum is often left out when an adj. is used : e. g. ' the strongest a. for this is,' S;c., firmissimum hoc afferri videtur, quod &c. (C.) || Subjectofa discourse or writing, sen- tentia, sentential {the principal thought or thoughts). — argumentum {subject matter of a speech, essay, <§-c, for wch materia is never used in the classics). — summa {the main subject: e.g. of a letter, conversation, fyc). || Contents summed up by ivay of abstract, summarium. epitome [See Abridgement]. — index (Q). || Subject under discussion, quaestio. con- troversia. res controversa. disceptatio. Often by Crcl. with quod cadit in controversiam or disceptationem. \\ Dispute, discussion, concertatio. disputatio. pugna. controversia. To make athg the subject of an a., rem in controversiam vocare, adducere, deducere. An a. arises, oritur certamen or controversia (de qa re cum qo). To hold an a. about athg with aby, disputare de qa re cum qo. ARGUMENTATION, argumentatio. — also ratio (e. o. C. de Or. 2, 53, 214). ARGUMENTATIVE, prps by gravis {weighty).— firmus ad probandum, &c. ARGUTE, argutus. ARIA, *aria. ARID, aridus {dry,fm an internal want of moisture, caused by a heat acting icithin). — t.orx\t\us {dry, fm being burnt up by an external heat). — siccus {dry as to the surface). Jn. exsiccatus atque aridus. See Dry. ARIDITY, ariditas. aritudo. — siccitas [Syn. in Arid]. See Dryness. ARIES, aries. ARIETATION, arietatio (butting like a ram. Sen.). ARIGHT, recte. juste, vere. bene. — Sis sincere, sine fraude. To judge a., vere or recte judicare de re. To see or hear a., recte videre, audire. If I remember a., si bene or recte memini. ARIOLATION, hariolatio. ARISE, a) propr. surgere. exsurgere. — consur- gere (esply of several). — se erigere (to raise oneself up : of little children trying to raise themselves from the ground): from a seat, surgere e sella: from bed, sur- gere, with or without (e) lectulo or (e) lecto. surgere cubitu {propr. — ex morbo assurgere of leaving one's bed after a disease) : from table, surgere a coena ; also poscere calceos (asking for one's shoes as a sign of in- tending to rise from tahle). || Mount up on high, se levare(G>/oees,sesublimiuslevare. />//«.). — levari. — sub- lime ferri. sublimem abire. Clouds a., nebulae levantur in nubes : smoke arises from the cottages, fumus evol- vitur e tuguriis. A storm arises, tempestas cooritur. nubilare ccepit ; nubilatur. || Arise, of the heavenly bodies, oriri. exoriri.— emergere (of the stars: not of the sun). || Arise (of thoughts in the mind), subire mentem oranimum. — succurrere. A thought arises in my mind, subit cogita'io animum : a suspicion arose in my mind, incidit milii suspicio ; venit mihi in sus- picionem (both with ace. and inf.). — \\ A rise (from the dead), reviviscere, in vitam redire. — ab inferis exsis- tere. ab orco reducem in lucem fieri (according to heathen notions). — ab inferis excitari or revocari. || Arise ( = appear gradually) of the day, appetere : dies appetit; — lucescit; dilucescit ; illucescit. As soon as ARI ARM day arose, ubi primum illuxit. b) impr. || Come forth, appear, prodire (to come forth). — exsistere, se efferre (of distinguished men). — exoriri (agreeing with our ' arise ' in this sense : of remarkable persons or things, whether good or bad: libido; ferrea proles, Sulla, Epicurus, &c. C. : ultor nostris ex ossibus. V.). \\Rise up in a rebellious manner, or agst aby, exsurgere contra or adversus qm(7\). — cooriri in qm ; imperium cs detrectare. — consurgere ad bellum, ad bellum cooriri. — rebellare (v. pi: of those who had been subdued). ARISTOCRACY, || As an administration, pau- corum et principum administratio. \\ As a form of government, ejus reipublicae status, quum est penes delectos omnium summa potestas; optimatium status ; ea imperii forma, qua vis omnis penes primores civi- tatis est (aft. L. 1, 43). \\ An aristocratical state, respublica, quae a principibus tenetur; optimatium civitas; civitas, in qua cives per principes reguntur; civitas, qua? ab optimatibus (or optimatium arbitrio, C.) regitur ; respublica optumas ; respublica, quae est penes principes. \\Sway or power of an a., optimatium dominatus or potentia; potestas atque opes optimatium. \\ ' The aristocracy,' see 'the Aristocrats. ARISTOCRAT, \\ D efender of aristocracy, qui optimatium causam agit. — optimatium fautor. nobi- lium amicus, nobilitatis fautor or studiosus. || The aristocrats, optimates ; proceres; principes civi- tatis ; potentiores cives. ARISTOCRATIC, \ qui optimatium causam ARISTOCRATICAL, J agit (o/ a. opinions of the a. party). — *quod ad optimatium imperium pertinet (relating to aristocracy). — quod ab optimatibus profi- ciscitur (proceeding from the a.). ARITHMETIC, arithmetics orum (C.).— arithme- tice, es, or arithmetica, ae. — notitia numerorum (the knowledge of numbers, gen — Q. 1, 10, 35). To teach a., *arithmetica profited. A teacher of a., *arithmeti- corum magister. \\ An arithmetic-book, liber arithmeticLis. ARITHMETICAL, anthmeticus. ARITHMETICALLY. To explain athg a., numeris qd explicare. ARITHMETICIAN, arithmeticus. A good or expert a., bonus or diligens ratiocinator (good calculator). — in arithmeticis satis exercitatus (C). ARK, || Noah's ark, navis. \\Ark of the cove- nant, *arca foederis divini. ARM, s. 1) a limb) \\Ofmen: brachium (fm the hand to the elbow: often for the whole arm, when distinction is not necessary). — lacertus (from the elbow to the shoulder : also for arm generally, esply when its strength or muscularity is meant). — tori (the muscular arm of the Athletes). Relating to the a., brachialis : having strong a.'s, lacertosus. With his a.'s a-kimbo, ansatus (Plant. Pers. 2, 5, 7) : to carry athg under one's a., qd sub ala portare : what is carried under the a. (i. e. habitually), subalaris (telum subalare, Np.): to carry a child in one's a., puerum in manibus gestare : to take a child in one's a.'s, puerum in manus accipere : to embrace aby with one's a.'s, qm medium complecti : to clasp in one's a.'s, arctius amplecti qm: to sink in aby's a.'s, manibus cs excipi. ||g|p° ' Arms' '=' enfold- ing arms' 'embrace' is inly to be transl. by com- plexus : to lie or be enfolded in aby's a.'s, haerere in cs complexu : to receive aby in one's a.'s, manibus qm excipere : to receive aby with open a.'s, libens ac supinis manibus excipio qm : to die in aby's a.'s, in complexu cs emori or extremum vitae spiritum edere ; inter cs manus exspirare ; inter sublevantis manus exstingui : to tear children fm the a.'s of their parents, liberos e parentum complexu abripere; liberos de parentum complexu avellere atque abstrahere : to support with one's a.'s, qm sustinere (in walking, getting into a car- riage, %c ) : qm collapsum excipere (to raise one who has fallen):— to fly to aby's a.'s (for protection), ad qm confugere; cs fidei se committere; se committere in fidem et clientelam cs (as a client to a patron) : in cs sinum confugere (silv. age). — || impropk.) Power, strength, manus, potestas. Kings have long a.'s, longae regibus sunt manus (0.). The secular a., im- perium or potestas magistratuum. || Of a river: pars. — cornu (winding arm. O.). — caput (mouth: also and more frequently the head, source). \\Of a moun- tain chain, brachium (Taurus bracbiaemittit. Plin.). — ramus. || Of a tree, brachium. ramus [see Branch]. || Of a chair, ancon (Ceel. Aur. Tard. 2, 1,46). \\In fortification: works to connect two points, brachium : more frequently lingua (aneXt)). \\Arm of a cata- pult, brachium. || A r m s of a pair of scales, caput (44) (Vitr. 8, 5, 3, Schneid.). \\Arms of an anchor, *anchorae brachium or cornu. ARM, v. tr.) armare (to furnish with arms: then to provide with what is necessary : agst aby, adversus qm). — armis instruere (to furnish with arms). — mstruere. { munire (to furnish with alhg considered as a weapon). I \\ Armed, armatus.— in armis (ev O7r\ot?, in or under arms). || To arm oneself agst athg, iraecavere qd. tutum or munitum esse a qa re. — se praeparare ad qd (to make preparations agst). — animum praeparare ad qd. se or animum componere ad qd (to prepare one's mind agst).—Sts meditari qd : to be armed agst alhg, animo sum ad qd parato ; tutum or munitum esse qa re : — qa re se loricare (Plin.). [see Arm, v. intr.] || To clothe aby with armour, lorica, thorace, cata- phracta induere qm (according to the kind of armour meant). ARM, v. intr.) arma sibi induere (to put on one's armour). — arma capere (to take to one's weapons ; pre- pare for war : for which ad arma or ad saga ire is also found) : arma sumere (to take one's weapons in ofie's hand to use them). \\ To be arming (of nations), bel- lum parare, apparare, comparare, adornare, instruere: belli apparatum instruere ; omnia, quae ad bellum per- tinent, providere. ARMADA, naves bellicae. — classis. ARMAMENT, copiae.— mly of a naval armament: copiae navales ; naves bellicae classis. ARMATURE, arma, orum, n. armatura (the latter with reference to the nature, fyc, of the weapons). ARMED, || Having arms. An a. chair, sella obli- quis anconibus fabricata (Ccel. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 46). — cathedra (a. chair of Roman ladies). ARM-GAUNT, macer. — strigosus. strigosi corporis. ARM-HOLE, a,\a.(poet. alarum vallis, Catull.). ARMILLARY, *armillae similis. ARMIPOTENCE, armipotentia is used by Ammian. 18, 5. ARMIPOTENT, armipotens (Lucr. Virg ). ARMISONOUS, armisbnus (Virg.). ARMISTICE, indutiae. To conclude an a , facere or inire indutias. To agree to an a., conseutiie ad indutias. See Truce. ARMLET, || Little arm, brachiolum (Catull.). ^Bracelet for the arm, bracliiale (g. t.). — armilla (bracelet, armlet). — spinther (ip 1 — armlet for the upper arm). — calbei were armlets given to soldiers as a reward (Fest.). — spathalium or spatalium, dardanum, viriola, viria, were also ornaments of the arm, of unknown form. To put on golden a.'s, brachia et lacertos auro colere (Curt.). ARMORER, faber armorum. || Squire: one who puts on another's armour, prps armiger. ARMORIAL. A. bearings, *clypeus insignis. in- signe generis. One who has a right to a. bearings, *ci licet insigni frui (according to Roman custom, qui imagines familiae suae consecutus est). ARMORY, armamentarium. || Armour. Vid. || Armorial bearings. See Armorial. ARMOUR, armatus, us ( = manner of being armed : only in the ail. — dispari armatu; Cretico armatu). — arma, orum, n. (g. t. for arms). — cataphracta (iron or brass scale-armour, .for men or horses, fyc). — lorica (leathern jerkin). — thorax (iron breast-p'ate, cuirass). Jn. loricae thoracesque. To put on one's a., lorica, thorace, cataphracta (according to meaning) se tegere or induere. To strip the bodies of their a., armora cor- poribus detrahere (L.). ARMOUR-BEARER, armiger. ARMPIT, ala (vallis alarum, poet. Catull.). ARMS, arma (g. t., but of offensive armour, not ap- plied to missiles, tela: also fig., as anna prudentiae, senectutis, legum). — tela (missiles). — Furnished with a. 's, armatus. armis instructus : without a.'s, inermis: to take a.'s, ad arma ire. arma capere (to arm oneself agst aby, contra qm) : arma sumtre (esply when other means might have been tried, contra qm) ; descendere ad vim atque ad arma: to seize one's a.'s, arma am- pere : they ran to a.'s, concursum est ad arma: to a.'s! ad arma! to sound to a.'s ! ad arma conclamare(Z.)! to lay down a.'s, arma deponere ; armis discedere : to fling away their a.'s, arma abjicere : to take away aby's a.'s, arma ci auferre : to be under a.'s, in armis esse : to have 20,000 men under a.'s, milia viginti in armis habere : to grow old in a.'s, in armis consenescere : to bear a.'s agst aby, arma contra qm ferre : to turn one's a.'s agst aby, arma in qm vertere : to defend one's coun- try by a.'s, patriam armis ac virtute defendere : to give up one's a.'s, arma trad ere (Np.) : to defend oneself by the a.'s of prudence, armis prudentiae se tueri ac defendere. ARM ARR ARMY, exercitus. — acies {army in battle-array). — agmen (a. in marching order). — milites (soldiers, esply when the individuals are meant: also the sing, miles, when ' the soldier' = ' the soldiers,' or ' the army' gene- rally).— vires (the military forces). — copiae (forces): often vjith armatorum, or peditum equitumque, or pedestres, equestres, pedestres equestresque, pedestres navalesque. To command or lead an a., exercitum ducere, exercitui praeesse : to levy an a., exercitum scribere or conscribere ; milites scribere or legere ; de- lectum habere (of the Roman consul: scr. or conscr. to enrol the names of those who ought to serve) : exer- citum colligere or conficere (not cogere) or parare, comparare : to hire an a. of mercenaries, exercitum or copias mercede conducere: to recruit an a., exercitui supplementum scribere (of setting down the names) ; exercitum supplere or reficere : to draw up an a. (in order of battle), aciem instruere or instituere : to dis- band an a., milites roittere, dimittere or missos facere; militibus missionem dare [Stn. in Disband]. || Great number, exercitus (e.g. corvorum, Virg.). multitude-, copia incredibilis ; vis magna. AROMATIC, aromaticus (late). || Aromatic s, aromata. AROMATIZE, condire. AROUND, prep.) circum. circa. See About. — Adv.) circum. torus circum.— in circuitu. Often by circum in composition: to ride a., circumequitare or equo cir- cumvent (locum): to roll a., circumvolvere (trans.), circumvolvi (intr.).-Sts by per: to look a., circum- spicere. circumspeetare. oculos circumferre. perlus- trare (omnia, &c): to wander a., pervagari (locum): to look a. in a threatening way, oculos minaciter cir- cumferre: to dig a trench a. a city, oppidum fossa (vallo fossaque) circumdare. AROUSE, exsuscitare ; expergefacere (e sornno) ; excitare (e sornno) ; suscitare somno or e quiete (t) : — all stand (without somno) also imprpr. for 'exciting,' 'animating.' \\ Excite, excitare. concitare (e.g. a man to athg: also to excite laughter, hatred, envy, com- passion, %c). — excire, conciere or concire (in class, prose only = to excite violently to some activity: seld. to produce any passion or evil, $c. : e. g. iram, sediti- onem, terrorem, &c) : movere, commovere qm (to stir, move, excite: then also to excite misericordiam, seditionem, bellum, &c.).— conflare (to kindle: e.g. ci invidiam, bellum, &c). AROYNT (thee), abi ! apage te ! abi in malam rem (Comic). ARPENT, huba (in mid. ages).—agev triginta ju- gerum. ARRACK or ARACK, *humor ex oryza in quan- dam similitudinem vini corruptus. ARRAIGN. See Accuse. ARRAIGNMENT. See Accusation. ARRANGE, ordinare.— in ordinem adducere or red- igere. disponere. digerere. in ordinem digerere.— com- ponere (to a. so that the whole may present a pleasing appearance). — collocare, constituere (place together; bring into a proper constitution). Sts describere (to sketch a plan) : explicare (to unravel). — dispensare (to weigh out in all its parts ; arranging, that no part may come off short). To a. troops, copias ordinare or dispo- nere : in order of battle, copias or aciem instruere : the order of march, «agmen ordinare: bonks or a library, libros or bibliothecam ordinare or disponere; biblio- thecam digerere : hair, capillum componere ; crines or capillos digerere (t): the folds of a chlamys, collo- care chlamydem, ut apte pendeat (0.); componere togam (H.) : a plan of the campaign, describere totius belli rationem : one's family affairs, rem familiarem constituere ; res suas ordinare ; res familiares com- ponere : a person's affairs, cs negotia explicare. To a. (words) alphabetically, (vocabula) in literas digerere: words in a sentence (with reference to style), verba com- ponere. verba apte collocare. A well arranged esta- blishment, »domus omnibus rebus instructa, quae ad victum cultumque pertinent. || Make a plan, or arrangement, praecipere, decernere, constituere. We arranged (to do so and so), inter nos convenir, ut &c. I arranged with aby (to do so and so), mihi cum qo con- venit, ut &c. ARRANGEMENT, ordinatio. dispositio. descriptio. constitutio. institutio. [See to Arrange ] The a. of a library, des gnatio librorum : of words (in a Lexicon), vocabulorum digerendorum ratio : (in a sentence), ver- borum apta compositio, collocatio ; ratio collocandi. || Order resulting from arrangement : ordo. ratio.— Sts praeceptum. institutum lex. These a.'s are excellent, haec optime instituta or instructa sunt. It is a benefl- (45) cent a. of nature's that fyc, salubriter a natura insti- tutum est, ut or quod. ARRANT. To be transl. by summus, maximus, with or without omnium. — by caput or princeps with gen. — by totus ex qa re factus est or constat ; versatus est in omni genere cs rei. — In Plaut. by compounds with the Greek tri (trifur; triscurria). An a. rogue, trifurcifer (Com.). — caput scelerum (Plant.). — princeps flagitiorum (C). — vettrator. — An a. thief, princeps omnium furtorum (C.) ; versatus in omni genere furandi atque praedandi. — Sts by a superlative adj. ; an a. fool, stolidissimus, stultissimus. ARRANTLY, turpiter. fcede. flagitiose. nefarie. ARRAS, tapes, etis, ?n. (Tanns '■ or Latinized, tape- turn). HgJT The tapetes of the ancients were of carpet- like texture (mly shaggy, and with colours or figures interwoven) for covering walls, floors, #c. ARRAY, s. ordo. || Battle-array, acies. To draw up an army in battle-array ; to set in array, copias or aciem instruere, instituere. || The array (= soldiers drawn up): ordines militum. \\ Dress, vestis. vestimenta (pi.). — vestitus (kind of apparel). || Jurors impannelled, prps judices selecti: turba selectorum (chosen, at Rome, fm the senators, knights and tribuni aerarii).— juratores (sworn valuers of athg. Plaut,). ARRAY, v. [| Arrange. Vid. || Dress, vestire. convestire. — induere sibi vestem or se veste. veste indui : veste se amicire (to wrap oneself up in a gar- ment: applied therefore to upper garments ; not to gar- ments drawn on, which is induere : vestire is general). — vestiri, amiciri qa re (velari qa re, poet.). To be arrayed in gold and purple, insbnem auro et purpura conspici. The earth is arrayed with flowers, §c, terra floribus, herbis, &c. vestitur. || To array a pan net, *judices seligere. ARREAR. See Behind. ARREAR, \ pecuniae residuae (old outstanding ac- ARREARS,/ counts). — reliquum. quod reliquum est. quod reliquum restat, quae restant, or quod resiat. pecuniae reliquae (the still remaining j.ortion of a debt). To be in a., reliquari qd (e. g. amplam summam, debi- tum: ex administratione rei publicae reliquari: and quibus [summis] reliquatus est. All JCt.). — reliqua habere or debere: with aby, nondum persolvisse ci, quod reliquum restat: to exact the a., pecunias reliquas or residuas exigere. He is so much in a., residere apud qm (i. e. such a sum residet apud qm. Marcian. Dig.). ARREARAGE. See Arrear. ARRECT, arrectus. erectus (aures arrigere. ■ Ter. Virg.— erigere. C). ARREST, s. comprehensio.— To put under a., com- prehendere (of the person arresting): in custodiam dare (of the person ordering the a.). To be kept under a., in custodial haberi or servari; custodia teneri or re- tineri. ARREST, v. comprehendere. in custodiam dare [See Arrest, s.]. ci manus injicere (to lay hands upon, e. g. virgini . . . minister decemviri manus in- jecit, L. 3, 44, 6). in vincula conjicere. To a. one who was flying, e fuga retrahere qm. \\ Stop, delay: morari. remorari. moram facere ci rei. moram afferre cs or ci rei. moram et tarditatem afferre ci rei (cause a delay in athg). — tardare. retardare (to retard the prose- cution of athg : e. g. of a journey, of the pursuit of an enemy). — tenere. retinere. sustinere (to stop the pro- gress of something : a thief, a carriage, a horse). — repri- mere (to check forcibly : fugam hostium; redundantem lacum). — arcere. cohibere (to hold athg off, so that it may not approach). To a. aby, morari, demorari, re- morari qm (g. t. for delaying him) : detinere, demorari et detinere qm (to draw him back, with reference to some object pursued by him). To a. aby on a journey, retardare qm in via; remorari cs iter : to a, aby' s pur- suit of an enemy, tardare qm ad insequendum hostem (of a marsh or other obstacle) : the progress of a war, moram et tarditatem afferre bello ; morari celeriiatem belli : the onset of the enemy, tardare or retardare hos- tium impetum. ARR IDE, arridere. ARRIERE. See Rear. ARRIERE BAN, «peribannus (Schirlitz. Mater. p. 153, 4. 1).— ad rempublicam defenaendam populi universi convocatio (C). ARRIVAL, adventus. accessus.— appulsus (arrival of a ship: with or without litoris). Sudden, unexpecttd a,, adventus repentinus, improvisus, or interventus, superventus (without any adj. Tac. Hist. 2, 54, 1). To expect aby's a. with eagerness, cs adventum non mediocriter captare. ARR ART ARRIVE, venire, advenire. adventare. — accedere ad locum. — pervenire, devenire. attingere, nancisci locum (to succeed in reaching). — afferri (to be brought to: of things). To a. on horseback, equo advehi: in a carriage, curru advehi : in a ship, pervehi in locum, appellere [See to Land] : the ship is arrived, navis appulsa est (not appulit). To have arrived: often adesse. impropr.) || Reach, assequi, consequi, adipisci (to arrive at an end aimed at ; then to reach locum or qm).— pervenire ad qd (arrive at athg). — compbtem fieri cs rei, potiri qa re (obtain athg desired : e. g. a wish). ARROGANCE,"» arrogantia (the exacting homage to ARROGANC Y, j o7ie's endowments and privileges). — fastus (a presumptuous, contemptuous disposition). — superbia (self-sufficiency, pride, fm thinking others be- neath oneself ).— insolentia (insolence). ARROGANT, arrogans.— insolens.— superbus.— fas- tosus (Post-aug. and very rare. — The superbus would outshine others ; the arrogans would encroach upon them; the fastosus despises them; the insolens insults them. Doderlein).—An a. speech, sermo arrogantiae. To become a., arrogantiam sibi sumere ; magnos sibi sumere spiritus. ARROGANTLY, arroganter ; insolenter. ARROGATE, qd vindicate sibi or ad se : qd usur- pare (appropriate to oneself unjustly: asserere is un- class.). — sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, arrogare, tri- buere (ascribe to oneself unjustly or unreasonably). I don't a. so much to myself, non tantum mihi sumo neque arrogo : to a. to oneself great authority, magnam auctoritatem sibi sumere. ARROW, sagitta.— telum (any missile : but properly one thrown by the hand). To shoot a.'s to any mark, 8,-c, sagittas (or tela) coiijicere qo. Like an a. (= very swiftly), incredibili celeritate. A cloud of a.'s, velut nubes (conjecta) sagittarum; or ingens vis sagittarum. Such a cloud of a.'s, tanta vis sagittarum creberrimae grandinis modo (Cf. L. 28, 37, 7). ARROW-HEAD (a plant), sagittaria. ARROWY : « sharp sleet of a. shower' (Milton), in- gens vis sagittarum creberrimae grandinis modo. ARSENAL, armamentarium. — officina armorum (when weapons are also manufactured there). — navale, or pi. navalia (for ships). ARSENIC, arsenicum.— auripigmentum (orpiment). AH SIS, (in music or metre) sublatio (apais, opp. positio, Beats : in late grammarians also arsis). ART, 1) human dexterity : a) as opposed to nature: ars. — manus (the human hand).— by a., i)Ke, p r artem (g. t.) ; manu, opere (by human labour). Fortified by a. (of a fortress, fyc), manu or opere munitus. b) opposed to what is merely mechanical : ars (g. t. as the theory or set of rules by wch the artist works; the skill with wch he works, or with wch athg is made). — artificium (the skill with wch athg is made). The healing a., ars medendi, — With a., arte, ex arte (e.g. scribere, canere); scienter (scientifically : e. g. tibiis cantare) : to bear upon it the stamp of a., artis signo notatum esse. 2) readiness or dexterity of one particular kind, obtained by practice: a.) generally, ars. — scier.tia cs rei (experi- mental knowledge : e.g. philosophandi; fundendi aeris). — studium cs rei (pursuit of athg: an a. so far as it is actually practised). The a. of painting, ars pingendi : the a. of securing every body's good will, ars ad pro- merendam omnium voluntatem : the a. of conversation, of social intercourse, sermocinatrix (sc. ars: as transl. of the Greek irpo';c, quern vocant. || Impropr. vir vita durus. || Adj. An a. life, vita parcissima ac durissima. To lead an a. life, propr.) *ascetarum more vivere : impr.) parce ac duriter vivere. ASCETICISM, immanitas in voluytatibus asper- nandis (C. Part. 23, 81). ASCII, *qui locaascia incolunt (loca ascia, Plin.). ASCITES, ascites, ae, m. (Ccel. Aur. Tard. 3, 8. Plin. Valer. 3, 12. In Cels. uW-rrjr.) ASCITITIOUS, adscitus or ascitus (partcp.: opp. nativus). ASCRIBABLE, ascribendus, &c, or quod ascribi debet, potest, &c. ASCRIBE, ascribere ci qd (to attribute athg, whether good or bad, to aby, as its author, inventor, or cause). — assignare ci qd (to attribute athg to aby, as proceeding from him ; to impute it to him as a fault, or a. it to him as a merit). — addicere ci qd (to pronounce aby the author of a writing, book, $c. Gell. 3, 3). — tribuere or attri- buere ci qd (to represent aby as the cause of athg ; to lay the blame of it upon him). To a. the invention of athg to (48) aby, qd ci inventori ascribere : to a. athg to fear, qd timori assignare : to a. an evil, a mischance, fyc, to aby, ci casuni adversum tribuere; ci incommodum ascri- bere. You a. all this to me, hasc tibi a me eveniunt. ASH, fraxinus. || Of ash, fraxineus. |j Mountain- ash, sorbus [sorbus aucuparia. £.].— |§§yr not ornus. ASHAMED, pudore suffusus. To be a., pudet me (cs rei : also with inf. Ter.). — pudor suffunditur mihi. pudore affici (qa re). ASHEN, fraxineus. ASHES, cinis (remains of a burnt body, whether still glowing or burnt out. — Also both s. and pi. as a. of a burnt corpse). — favilla (a. as light, floating particles : esply when still glowing). — lix, G. licis (a. from the hearth; cinis foci, Varr. — lye-a.). To burn or reduce athg to a , qd in cinerem redigere (for any purpose). — in cinerem or cineres vertere (= annihilate, destroy): to be burnt or reduced to a., in cinerem redigi (for any purpose: e. g. horn). — in cinerem or cineres verti (to be destroyed, annihilated). — conflagrare. deflagrare. con- sumi (to be burnt up or down). Reduced or burnt to a., in cinerem redactus. — ad cinerem ambustus (crumbled to a. by burning). The fire is burning under the a., cinere latet obriitus ignis (Irop. Lucr- 4, 924) ; ignis suppositus est cineri (doloso. Hor. irop.). To lie in sackcloth and a., sordidatum or atratum esse (according to Rom. custom). To adjure aby by the a. of aby, obsecrare qm per cinerem mortui cs. Peace to thy a., tua ossa bene quiescant (Pelron.); tua ossa molliter cubent (0.); bene placide- que quiescas (terraque tibi sit super ossa levis. Tib.). ASHORE, in litore (on the shore) : in arido (on dry land): ad litus; in terram (to the shore). To go a., exire in terram; e navi exire or exire only: egredi, escendere, escensionem facere (in terram). To put soldiers, fyc, a., milites in terram (or in terra) ex- ponere. To run or be driven a. (of a ship), in terram deferri (to be carried to the land ; stronger, in litus ejici ; vado or in vadum or litoribus elidi). To run a vessel a. (intentionally), ad litus appeliere. To be a. (of soldiers, fyc), expositos or in terram (or in terra) expositos esse. ASH-WEDNESDAY, *dies cinerum sacrorum. ASHY, cinereus. cineraceus. — cineraceo orcinericeo colore. — leucophaeus (between white and black). ASIDE, seorsum (apart from others). — in latus.— ■ oblique. — in obliquum. But mly with verbs compounded with se : — to call aby a., qm sevocare: to take or lead aby a., qm seducere : to lay or put athg a., qd seponere (propr.); qd intermittere or omittere (fig. to give up athg; interm. for a time; om. entirely). To say athg a. to aby, qd ci in aurem dicere. ASININE, asininus (belonging to or proceeding from an ass: not in the sense of 'stupid'). — \\ Stupid: stolidus. fatuus. stupidus. hebes. tardus. Jn. stu- pidus et tardus. ASK, interrogare, rogare qm or (less frequently) de qo : aby about athg, qm qd (or less commonly de re : both g. t. to a. for the purpose of getting an answer from aby, or learning his opinion). — sciscitari ex qo (to a. urgently ; often from curiosity, with inquisitive- ness, eagerness, or in an arlful manner). — quasrere, exquirere, requirere ex or a qo (to a. connectedly and accurately ; to question for the purpose of arriving at certainty. Quaer. is the proper word of a judge ques- tioning an accused perso?i>. — percunctari de or ex qo (to desire to know every thing exactly: hence v. pr. for asking the price of goods, v. Gell. 9, i,p.init. — whether, utrum ; if or whether athg, ecquid or quid, not si quid). To a. in a captious manner, captiose interrogare : to a. aby for advice, consulere qm : to a. one's way, rogare viam (t); exquirere iter. I hud no occasion to a. that, hoc mihi non fuit quaerendum. \\ Request: rogare. petere (g. t. for asking, whether us a request or a demand; in the middle therefore between poscere and orare, but somewhat nearer to a request: petere mly refers to the object, rogare to the person: hence petere qd a qo ; rogare qm qd). To a. almost with tears, omnibus precious, pame lacrimis etiam obsecrare qm : to a. aby's life, petere vitam (innocenti) : to a. athg as a matter of right, qd jure quodam suo pcstulare. 2'o be able to a. athg as (a matter of) right, qd jure quodam suo postulare posse : justam postulandi causam habere. || Invite: invitare. 'tocare: to dinner, qm ad ccenam vocare or invitare: to one's house, qm domum suam invitare. \\ Bern and such a price: indicare (opp. promittere, to offer so much). To a. 100 sestet ces, indicare centum numis (or minimis). \\ Require: poscere. postulare. fiagitare. Mly by gen. or adj. with esse : this a.'s prudence, est prudentis. [causa, res, tempus poscit ; quum res postulabit : quae tempus et ASK ASS necessitas flagitat.] || To ask pardon. See Pardon. || To ask I e a v e, veniam petere. ASKANCE, or ASKAUNCE, oblique.— in obli- quum. To look a. at aby, qm limis oculis adspicere (Plaut.), qm limis spectare (Ter.). ASKAUNT. See Askaunce. ASK.ER, rogator (e. g. ha?c epistola non suasoris est, sed rogatoris. C). — interrogator (Ulp. Dig.). — Partcp. rogans. interrogans. To reply to an a., inter- roganti ci respondere. ASLAKE (obs.), reprimere (e. g, ignem, sitim). — opprimere (e. g. flammam). — compescere (e. g. incen- dium). — sedare (e.g. sitim). ASLANT, oblique, in obliquum. ex obliquo. — trans- verso, transverse, in transversum (across). ASLEEP, in somno. somno. — To be a., dormire (g. t.). — dormitare (to be in a deep sleep). — quies-ere (to be at rest after exertion). — somnura capere (to fall a.). A person a., dormiens. I have not been a. all night, somnum ego hac nocte oculis non vidi meis (Ter.). totam noctem pervifjilavi. To prevent aby fm falling c, qm somno prohibere. I easily fall a., facilis mini est somnus (opp. dimcilis mihi est somnus). To put or lull a. sopire. consopire. ci somnum afferre, parere, conciliare (propr.). — securum, lentum or negligentem reddere or facere (fig. of making a person careless, lazy, %c). ASLOPE, oblique, in obliquum. ASP, aspis (v. pr. "coluber in Linn.). The bite of an a., aspidis morsus. ASPALATHUS, aspalathus. ASPARAGUS, asparagus (aspharagus. Appul. Herb. 84). ASPECT, \\Look, aspectus [asp. laetus, horridus, deformis turpisque]. visus {not visum). — species, forma, facies (outward appearance, form : forma also of beautiful, appearance : all five both of living and lifeless things). — os (with reference to the whole form of the face): vultus (with reference to the countenance). — 1| Look (act) ; ac I of beholding, aspectus. \\ Di- rection (of local position) : Crcl. by specto (mly with ad, in), less frequently aspecto with ace. To have an eastern a., ad orientem solem spectare. The situation and a. of a village are of great importance, permagni est, ubi sit posita villa, quo spectet (porticibus, ostiis ac fenestris. Varr.). \\ Situation or prospect of affairs: status, conditio, locus. — temporum ratio, or tempora or res only, or a neut. adj. : the a. of things is brighter, omnia jam hilaiiora sunt: the a. of my affairs is brighter, res meae meliore loco sunt : is dirker, res meae sunt minus secundae; deteriore sum statu : the a. of things is muck changed, magna facta est rerum commutatio; versa sunt omnia: the un- favorable or threatening a. of the times, iniquitas rerum or temporum. \\ Aspect of the stars, aspectus (siderum. Plin.).— positus ac spatia siderum (T.).— positura stellarum (Geil.). ASPECT, v. aspectare. spectare. ASPEN, *populus tremula. || Adj. populeus. ASPERATE, asperare(r«/r. Col. T.). ASPERITY, asieritas. — acerbitas (bitterness, rough- ness of things ; of mind, voice, fyc. : sharpness, e. g. of vinegar). To speak with a., aspere concitateque dicere. Jn. tristitia atque asperitas. asperiias et immanitas naturae. ASPERNATION, aspernatio (C). ASPERSE, aspergere qm qa re (not qm alone), or qd ci. [e. g. labem or laheculam (nonnullam) ci asper- gere (C): qm macula qa aspergere (C): qm infamia or lingua aspergere (C.) : ci qd mali faucibus afflare (rhetorical, C.).] — de fama or gloria cs detrahere: ex- istimationem cs oppugnare : incurrere in cs famam. — calumniari (to accuse falsely with bad intention). — criminari (to blacken ; to excite suspicion agst aby by accusation: qm apud qm).— male dicere ci (to speak ill of). — Also qm variis rumoribus differre. ASPERSION, \\Act of sprinkling, aspersio (aquae. C). aspersu (only in abl. aspersu : prps only in Plin.). || Calumny: calutnnia. criminatio. labes or lal>ecula ci aspersa. nota ci aspersa (Ulp.). ASPHALTIC, bituminatus (e.g aqua): bituminosus (e.g. terra, font^s. Vitr.): bitumineus (0.). ASPHALTOS, bitumen (uo-^aX-rov). ASPHODEL, aspliodelus (asphodolus ramosus, Linn.).— pure Lat. albutium (according to Isid. Orig. 17, 9, 84). ASPIC, aspis, idis. ASPIRATE, aspirare. To a. a consonant, conso- nanti aspirare or aspirationem adjicere (Q.). Not to a. .a consonant, consonanti aspirationem detrahere. (49) ASPIRATE, adj. An a., litera cui aspiratur or cui aspiratio adjicitur (Q.). ASPIRATION, || Earnest desire (of something great) : desiderium cs rei : magnum, summum or in- credibile cs rei desiderium. To have lofty a.'s, prps alta mente praeditum esse: excelsum quendam et altum, et humana despicientem genitum esse: altiore animo esse : *magno rerum bonarum desiderio teneri, incensum esse: elate atque ample sentire. \\ Pro- nunciation of a letter with a rough breathing: aspiratio. To pronounce no consonant with an a., nus- quam nisi in vocali aspiratione uti. ASPIRE to, aspirare ad or in qd, or with local adv. in o (sts with dot. or absol.)—sectari or consectari qd (to pursue it earnestly). Also petere or appetere qd : captare qd : studere ci rei : concupiscere qd. To a. to the praise we long for, ad earn laudem, quam volu- mus, aspirare (C.) : to a. to immortality, immortali- tatem sectari : to a. to aby's good will, benevolentiam cs consectari : to wealth or power, opes or potentiam consectari : to which you aspire, quo tu aspiras. ASQUINT: to look a., limis spectare (of a single case). — limis or perversis oculis esse, strabonem esse (to squint habitually). ASS, asinus. Little a., asellus. Young a., colt of an a., puilus asininus. The a. brays, asinus rudit. A wild a., onager. \\ As a word of contempt ( = fool, dolt) the Romans used asinus only of a simple, silly person. [In me quidvis harum rerum convenit Quae sunt dictae in stultum, caudex, stipes, asinus, plum- be us. Ter.] stipes: truncus : aeque hebes ac pecus (C). — Ass's skin, *pellis asinina: milk, lac asininum. ASSAIL, adoriri, aggredi qm : impetum facere or invadere in qm (all of enemies : inv. also of dogs). — incurrere, incursare in with ace. (of running wildly agst : e. g. of dogs ; also v. pr. of cavalry). — tentare qm (of diseases).— oppugnare qm (also espiy of attack- ing a city; urbem oppugnare or impugnare).-insectari qm vebementius. invehi in qm acerbius (of assailing with hard words). To a. with the sword, ferro petere qm, or (of provoking him; of acting on the offensive) ferro lacessere qm. To a. aby fm behind, a tergo adoriri qm : to a. aby with stones, qm saxis incessere : with prayers, entreaties, fyc, precibus agere cum qo : precibus fatigare qm (to weary him with prayers): orare qm supplicibus verbis : to a. aby with prayers and almst with tears, omnibus precibus, pjene lacrimis etiam obsecrare qm. ASSAILABLE, Crcl. by impugnari, oppugnari, &c. posse. ASSAILANT, oppugnator (e. g. patriae, L. salutis meae, C.).—or by Crcl. with verbs under Assail (qui, &c. adoritur qm, lacessit, impugnat qm), or by their participles (invadens, &c). ASSAILER, oppugnator. See Assailant. ASSASSIN, sicarius (one who makes murder a trade, ofwch the sica is his tool). — percussor cs. auctor necis (one who actually struck the deathblow). — interfector (g. t. occisor only in Plaut. peremptor, interemptor, late). — To hire an a., conducere qm ad caedem facien- dam : to hire an a. to kill aby, percussorem emere in qm. percussorem ci subornare. — Sts insidiator (one who kills by treachery). ASSASSINATE, caedem (*ex insidiis) facere, com- mittere : aby, qm ex insidiis interficere. — qm percu- tere (to strike) : trucidare (cut down like an ox : butcher). To employ aby to a. another, ci negotium dare, ut qm interficiat. ASSASSINATION, caedes. «caedes ex insidiis facta: to accuse aby of a., accusare inter sicarios (C. Rose. Am. 32, 90). ASSAULT, v. adoriri, aggredi qm. impetum facere or invadere in qm. incurrere, incursare in qm. oppug- nare or impugnare (urbem, &c. also qm). With the sword, ferro petere or lacessere qm : in the rear, a tergo adoriri qm. [Syn. in Assail.] \\To commit an assault on aby, ci manus afferre, admovere, injicere. ci vim afferre (also = to lay violent hands on, to kill), ci vim et manus injicere (to commit violence). — plagam or plagas ci imponere, infligere, injicere (to strike aby). ASSAULT, s. impetus, incursus (both of enemies and of a disease). — oppugnatio, impetus in locum factus (a. on a town). A personal a., vis or verbera. To commit an a. upon aby, ci vim afferre (C.) : vim facere in qm (Ter.). [See Assault, v.| To accuse aby of an a., or bring an action of a. agst aby, qm reum facere de vi. To take a town. fyc. by a., vi or impetu capere : vi or per vim expugnare : impetu facto scalis capere. To determine on an a., exercitum ad urbem oppug- ASS ASS riandam admovere : to order an a., urbem vi adoriri or oppugnare: scalis muros aggredi. To commit a criminal a., vim or stuprum afferre ci ; stuprum in- ferre ci ; per vim stuprare qm ; decus muliebre ex- pugnare (L.). [See Attack, end.] ASSAULTER, oppugnator. See Assailant. ASSAY, v tentare, experiri, periclitari qm or qd. periculum facere cs or cs rei. [See diff. in Assay, s] — explorare qd. — probare is in this meaning without class, authority. To a. my strength, tentare quid possim : let us a. our strength, experiamur, quid uterque possit: to a. if fyc, experiri, si &c. : whether — or, utrum — an &c. || Try, $c, tentare. conari. To a. (gold, $c), qd ad obrussam exigere (obrussa, a. by fire); igni spectare qd and (fig.) qm (C). — to a. aby's fidelity, cs (idem inspkere (0.). ASSAY, s. tentatio. tentamen (g. t. for trial: the former as act : the latter only in 0., but doubtless cur- rent in prose). — experimentum (trial for Hie purpose of obtaining experience). — periculum (trial attended with risk). A. of gold, obrussa (trial by fire) : spectatio (c), planum facere. planum facere atque probare. — testibus planum facere: or productis testibus probare (if by evidence). ASSIGNABLE, qui, &c. assignari potest ; qui ostendi, nominari, dici potest. There is no a. cause, nulla ratio or causa afferri potest, nihil affertur, or afferri potest (cur &c). ASS 1 GNATS, *literae quae de versura publica cavent. ASSIGNATION, constitutum (a., and place of a.). To have an a. with aby, constitutum habere cum qo : to make an a. ivith aby, constituere ci (Juv. 3, 12, Rupert.):— to keep an a., venire ad constitutum. g^T These are general terms, not confined to the appointments of lovers. || The making over athg to aby: assignatio. attributio. perscriptio. delegatio. [Syn. of verbs in Assign.] ASSIGNEE: no exact expression. Crcl. by qui a qo delegatus— qui mandata habet a qo. ASSIGNER, qui assignat, describit, &c. See As- sign. ASSIMILATE, simulare qd ci. assimulare qd ci. similem facere. — aequare. adaequare qd cum qa re: later, mly in the historians, ci rei. || To assimilate food: digerere cibos (to convey food in a proper man- ner to the different parts of the body. Cels.). — con- coquere cibos (to digest food). ASSIMILATION, simulatio. assimulatio. || Of food: digestio. concoctio (dig. is, according to Celsus, the passing of food, whether digested or not, to the proper parts of the body : cone, is ' digestion'). ASSIST, juvare, adjuvare, opera adjuvare qm : in athg, in qa re. — auxilium ferre ci : auxiliari ci : esse in auxilio ci. opem ferre ci. opitulari ci. — succurrere ci. subvenire ci. subsidio venire ci. sublevare qm. [Syn. in Aid.] To a. aby in doing athg, ci opitulari in qa re facienda. ci operam suam commodare ad qd ; ci operam praebere in qa re. Their bodily strength did not a. them, nihil iis corporis vires auxiliatae sunt (C). To a. digestion, concociiones adjuvare. ASSISTANCE, auxilium. ops. subsidium. adju- mentum. opera. [Syn. in Aid, s.] By aby's a., cs auxilio, ope, adjumento : cs ope adjutus : qo adju- vante ; qo adjutore ; cs opera. Without foreign (i. e. another's) a., sua sponte ; per se : by the a. of God, juvante Deo, divina ope or (if spoken conditionally) si Dt-us juvet or adjuvabit. To offer one's a. to aby, oflerre se, si quo usus operae sit : towards or for athg, ad qd operam suam profited : to bring or bear a. to aby, ci auxilium, opem auxiliumque, praesidium, sup- petias or subsidium ferre. ci auxilium oflerre (et) opem et salutem, or opem salutemque ferre ci (C). ci adesse or praesto esse (in time of need). To seek or call in the a. of a physician, medico uti. medicum morbo adhi- bere : for a sick person, medicum ad aegrotum addu- cere. In every circumstance of life we require the a. of our fellow-men, omnis ratio atque institutio vitae ad- jumenta hominum desiderat : to send aby to another's a, qm auxilio or subsidio mittere : qm auxilii causa mittere: to send the infantry to the a. of aby, pedites ci subsidio or suppetias mittere: to go to aby's a., ci auxilio venire : ci suppetias ire or proficisci; ci sub- venire or succurrere : to beg, 8,c. aby's a., auxilium, or opem, or opem a'.que auxilium, or presidium petere a qo. ASSISTANT, adjutor (g. t., also assistant-teacher).— socius (partner in athg: e. g. furtorum).— minister, administer (one who is present and assists in a suboidi- nnle capacity : e.sply in a bad sense). — collega (col- lengne).— hypodidascalus (under-master). — Jn. minister et adjutor; socius et particeps cs rei: servus et mi- nister cs rei. To be aby's a. in athg, cs socium esse in re : in a crime, sceleri affinem esse : to take aby for one's a., qm socium sibi adjungere: in athg, qm socium (51) adhibere in re : to give aby aby for an a. in athg, ci dare qm ad rem adjutorem. ASSISTANT, adj. adjiivans. — To be a. to aby, juvare or adjuvare qm. See to Assist. ASSISTER, adjutor. qui opem, auxilium, &rc. fert ci. qui ci adfuit, praesto fuit ci (in need), &c. See Assistant. ASSIZE, conventus (the coming together of persons, at a given time and place, for the trial of their causes). To hold an a. or the assizes, con ven turn agere : a judge of a., qui jure dicundo conventus circumit. See Cir- cuit. To have finished or returned fm the a.'s (i. e. a whole circuit), conventus peregisse. \\ Assize of bread, *pretium pani constitutum. ASSIZER of bread, *qui pretium pani constituit. ASSOCIATE, v. IR.) sociare. conjungere qd cum qa re. adjungere qd ci rei. — aby with aby, qm socium or comitem addere ci. To a. aby with myself, our- selves, fyc, qm in societatem assumere or ascribere (g. t.) ; qm in collegium optare (of election into a cor- porate body by the members). — intr.) \\Keep com- pany with: qo familiariter or intime uti; in famili- aritate cs versari : also vivere cum qo ; se comitem or socium adjungere ci. || Join my self to, se jun- gere or conjungere cum qo (g. t.). — societatem inire, coire, facere cum qo (enter into a company, league, fyc, with). — fcedus facere cum qo (of a league or compact). ASSOCIATE, adj. fcederatus. fcedere junctus. — socius (ally). ASSOCIATE, s. socius (partner, companion : bound to another by common interests: in athg, cs rei: e.g. periculi ; criminis). — sodalis (comrade, companion : bound to another by liking, for enjoyment, ^c.).— par- ticeps cs rei. consors cs rei (one who shares in an en- joyment or possession : the particeps [opp. expers], voluntarily taking a part: the consors [opp. exsors], because without co-operating he is entitled to a share : socius imperii, a co-regent so far as he actually shares the business of a government ; consors, as far as the office is merely honorary. — particeps ejusdem laudis ; conjurationis, voluptatis,— consors laboris, mendaci- tatis, vitiorum, — in lucris atque furtis). — convictor (one who always lives with another). — comes (com- panion: one who keeps company with another, esply on a journey, in walking, fyc). — affinis cs rei or ci rei (implicated in athg, mly in something bad, aff. crimini : noxae, culpae). — To declare his a.'s, conscios edere : to refuse to declare them, conscios celare. ASSOCIATION, || Union, societas.— to have formed a friendly a., societatem caritatis coiisse inter se. || A union of persons for a particular purpose : societas (for some common business: intellectual, commercial, Sfc). — sodalitas (a brotherhood ; a union of companions : e.g. of certain priests at Home ; then of any similar a. : e. g. of the free- masons). — factio (a political party : mly in a bad sense).— collegium (a corporation: e. g. of merchants, priests, artisans, $c.). || 'Association of ideas:' Hand thinks that *associatio idearum must be allowed as term, techn. ASSORT, in genera digerere (aft. C. de Or. 1, 42, 190). — digerere. in ordinem digerere. See Arrange. ASSORTMENT, || Act of arranging, 8fc, ordi- natio. — Crcl. with in genera digerere, &c. \\ A col- lection of goods, %c. proper ly arranged : *merces in genera digestae, but mly by merces only, with a suitable adjective: e. g. ' an a. of foreign goods,' merces peregrinae. ASSUAGE, lenire. mitigare. mollire. levare ; alle- vare ; sublevare. temperare. [Syn. in Alleviate.] To a. hunger or thirst, famem or sitim sedare. sitim reprimere. famem or sitim explere, depellere. intr.) minui, se minuere, and minuere only: imminui. re- mitti; se remittere. levari; sublevari. leniri. mitigari. [Syn. in Abate.] ASSUAGEMENT. See Alleviation. ASSUAGER, Crcl. by verbs under Assuage, [seda- tor. Arnob ] ASSUASIVE, dolorem leniens or mitigans. ASSUBJUGATE. See Surjugate. ASSUEFACTION, Crcl. by assuefacere (ci rei, or with in/i7i.). ASSUETUDE, assuetiulo (to athg, cs rei). ASSUME, || Take, sumere. capcre. — To a. as a pre- tence, simulare. || Take or arrogate to oneself, sumere. sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, arrogare or tribuere.— qd vindicare sibi or ad se. qd usurpare. To a. the name of king, regium nomen sumere: regium nomen sibi asciscere : to a. the royal authority, regnum sibi vindicare : the praises of another, *alius laudes vindicare ad se : great authority, magnam auctoritatem E 2 ASS AST sibi sumere. || Take for granted: sumere or habere or putare pro certo : pro certo or comprobato ponere, or ponere only. You have assumed that the gods are happy, deos beatos esse sumpsisti : this being assumed and granted, hoc posito et concesso (posito alone is bad). All philosophers a., inter omnes philo- sophos constat. ASSUMER, arrogans. insolens. superbus. ASSUMING, arrogans. insolens. superbus. ASSUMP riON, vindicatio {act of claiming to one- self). — usurpatio (illegal a.). \\ Arrogance : arro- gantia. — insolentia. — superbia [See Arrogance.] || Postulate : sumptio {by which C. translates theGk. Xri/jL/jLa).— conjectura (conjectural a.). — *praemissa syl logismi (in logic: — as*umptio is 'the minor' proposi- tion). — On this a., hoc posito atque concesso. || As- sumption into heaven (e.g. of the Virgin Mary, *assumptio in ccelum ; or by Crcl. with *in ccelum assumi (aft. assumptus est in ccelum in the Creed). ASSURANCE, fiducia (v. pr. the laudable trust in things we actually can trust, wch is allied to the courage of trusting in ourselves) — confidentia (a blameable, pre- sumptuous trust, particularly in one's own strength: opp. foresight and discretion). — audacia (confidence arising fm contempt of danger : it may imply either praise or dispraise). — audentia (laudable confidence; spirit of enterprise). — fidentia ('Fidentia est per quam magnis et honestis in rebus nmltum ipse ani- mus in se fiduciae certa cum spe collocavit.' C). — fides (faith in a man's honour). — spes firma. spes certa (confident expectation). — firma animi confisio. — animus certus et confirmatus. The full a. of safety, certa fiducia (e. g. salutis : opp. spes). To cause a., fiduciam facere: ci fiduciam afferre. To feel a full a., certam spem habere ; magnam fiduciam habere. With a. (= firmness, boldness), fidenter. fidenti animo. (= in a spirit of rash confidence) confidenter. || Want of mo- desty, confidentia (e. g. videte quo vultu, qua confi- dentia dicant. C). — impudentia. — os impudens or durum or ferreum : a man of consummate a., homo perfrictae frontis. \\ A pledge of security for payment: fiducia (also a sale, on condition of being permitted to buy back the thing sold). To receive such an a., fiduciam accipere: to hold it, fiduciam com- missam tenere. || Positive and confident state- ment: Crcl. by confirmare qd ci: conrirmare de qa re; or with ace. and inf. He gave them a solemn a., wch he confirmed by an oath, that he would let them pass unmolested through his territory, pollicitus est et jurejurando confirmavit, tutum iter per fines suos daturum. || Insurance. Vid. ASSURE, \\ Maintain the certainty of athg: affirmare. confirmare (to assert the certainty of a thing emphatically). — asseverare (to maintain a thing ear- nestly : asserere is bad in this sense) in the golden age with de, or ace. and inf. — pro certo affirmare : sancte affirmare : with an oath, jurejurando affirmare or con- firmare. He assured them with an oath that he would give fyc, jurejurando confirmavit — daturum &c. Be assured? persuadeas tibi ; persuasum tibi sit ; crede mini, or, more commonly, mihi crede (parenthetically); persuadeas tibi velim ; velim tibi ita persuadeas : sic volo tibi persuadere. You may be assured that I shall do every thing, illud cave- dubites, quin ego omnia faciam, &c, or scito inserted. Nothing, la. you, could 8fc, nihil, scito, potuit &c. A. yourself that nobody fyc. (nam) cave putes — quemquam &c. To feel as- sured of aby's fidelity, ejus fides mihi cognita est. || Produce in aby the feeling of certainty about athg : fiduciam facere ci; fiduciam afFerre ci. To feel assured of or about athg, magnam fiduciam habere cs rei. || Betroth: despondere qm ci; de- sponsare (later. Suet.). ASSURED, || Certain (objectively: of things): cer- tus. exploratus. non dubius. It is an a. experience, inter omnes constat, or constat only : a man of a. integrity, vir spectatae fidei. || Certain (subjectively : of persons): certus. || Having unbecoming as- surance: impudens. ASSUREDLY, \\ Surely ; without doubt: certe, certo (the former relating more to the persuasion of the speaker ; the latter to the real state of the case : both certe scio and certo scio occur; the latter more com- monly : certe is used objectively in certe evenire. [Pract. Intr. ii. 561, &c.])— liquido (with clearness; with Jull certainty ; without hesitation : e. g. dicere ; con- firmare. C. jurare. Ter.).— haud dubie. sine ulla dubi- tatione (like certe : to intimate that the speaker enter- tains no doubt of the truth of his assertion).— profecto (i. e. for a fact: a strong assertion, that the statement (52) made is objectively true : also the 'doubtless' oft tion ; as in 'a. you are now at Rome,' nunc quidem profecto Romae es).— -sane (certainly ; of which a sane mind cannot entertain a doubt : used also in replies). — nas (nearly = profecto, but stands only at the head of a sentence, mly before a personal pronoun).— recte (as- suredly ; you are right: a courteous assent in replies). — utique (a restrictive particle of assertion: in C. chiefly in his letters, with imperat. subj. and other expressions of wishing, advising, or commanding). — niir.irum (of what is so certain, that it would be surprising if it were otherwise: e.g. nimirum recte). |g|gr 'Assuredly,' in a sentence containing a positive assertion, may often be transl. by non dubito, quin &c. A. this can happen, non dubito, quin hoc fieri possit.— || if not — ket assuredly (= at all events), si non — at saltern; si non— certe. || 'Assuredly,' as an answer: certe. sane or vero (often with the verb used in the question). — sane quidem. Sts recte. optime (of courteous assent). — 'Do you grant us this?' 'Assuredly (I do),' dasne hoc nobis? do sane. [Pract. Intr. ii. 148, 149.] || Ironically : certe; quidem certe; nempe; scilicet; videlicet; nimirum (of these, certe is the only one that can stand alone). || I believe athg a., persuasum est mihi ; persuasi mihi : to know a., certo (pro certo) scire: pro explorato habere qd; certum, exploratum or compertum habere qd. ASSURER, qui cavet de or pro qa re (he who gives the security): *qui cautionem adhibet ci rei (he who takes the security). ASTERISK, asteriscus (uareplo-Ko^). ASTERISM. See Constellation. ASTERN; by Crcl. with puppis. 'Those astern,' qui in puppi sunt or sedent. ASTHMA, dyspnoea (dvairvoia) : anhelatio : spiritus angustior ; angustiae spiritus. Also meatus animae gravior et sohantior (aft. Plin. 6, 16, 13). To have the a., dyspnoea laborare: gravem tardumque spiritum expedire. ASTHMATIC, 1 angusti pectoris, spiritus an- ASTHMAT1CAL, ) gustioris. dyspnoicus. asth- maticus. To be a., ci spiritus difficihus redditur. ASTONISH, in stuporem dare; obstupefacere (to astound). — Crcl. by mihi mirum videtur, &c. You a. me by fyc, mirum mihi videtur, te &c. : to be a.'d, ob- stupescere ; obstupefieri ; stupefieri (to be astounded : also stupor me invadit : qd stupidum me tenet) : mirari, admirari, demirari qd : ace. with inf. or qd. I am astonished at your not writing to me, miror te ad me nihil scribere. / am astonished at your not laugh- ing, miror quod non rideas, or te non ridere. See Astonishment. ASTONISHING, stupendus.— admirabilis. minis, mirificus. mirabilis. Sts ingens, immanis (huge, im- mense). An a. amount of money, immanes pecuniae. To perform a. cures, mirabiliter mederi aegrotis (Plin.). ASTONISHINGLY, stupendum in modum. —mirum in modum. — mirandum in modum. — mirabiliter. — valde. ASTONISHMENT, miratio. admiratio. To create a., admirationem efficere, movere, habere : to feel a., admiratione affici, admiratio me incendit : to fill aby with a., qm in admirationem conjicere. ASTOUND. See Astonish. ASTRADDLE. To ride a., *eo, quo homines solent modo. equitare. ASTRAGAL, astragalus. ASTRAL. See Starry. ASTRAY. To go a., errare (also fig.) : errore vagari. vagari et errare: to lead a., a recta via de- ducere (propr.). — inducere qm in errorem (fig.): — intentionally, purposely, scientem. — transversum agere qm (to lead him a. fm the path of virtue). To be far a. (fig.), in errore versari. errore captum esse. ASTRICT, astringere (opp. solvere). ASTRICTION, astrictio (Plin.— astringent power). — constrictio (act of binding together, then, of the in- testines by medicines, late). — contractio (g. t. opp. re- missio; porrectio). A. of the bowels, alvus astricta or restricia. ASTRICTIVE. See Astringent. ASTRIDE. See Astraddle.— IpfTvaricare is to stand with the legs wide apart: uivaricatis cruribus or periibus is 'with legs or feet wide apart.' ASTRIFEROUS, astrifer (Poet, and Post-aug.). ASTRINGE, astringere (e. g. alvum : opp. solvere : also of intense cold, fyc). — constringere (to lie tightly together). ASTRINGENCY, astrictio. astrictoria vis (astringent AST ATR power: herba gustus amari cum astrictione. Plin. : folia astrictoriam vim habent. Plin). ASTRINGENT, astrictorius (P.in. astrictoria visV — constrictivus (in late medical writers). ASTROLOGER, astrologus.— mathematicus. Chal- daeus (as far as mathematicians and Chaldccans foretold events by the stars) — Chaldaicis rationibus eruditus. ASTROLOGICAL, by genii. astroJogorum. [astro- logicus. Boelh.] Sts Chaldaicus : e. g., a. calculations, rationes Cba'daicae. ASTROLOGIZE, mathematical addictum esse (oft. Suet. Tib. 69). — Chaldaicis rationibus eruditum esse. ASTROLOGY, astrologia (in classical Lat. the regu- lar word for 'astronomy;' afterwards = ' astroloyy'). —ratio sideralis or scientia sideralis (knowledye of the stars, espiy if used to foretell events by it: the former objective; the latter subjective). — rationes Chaldaicae (a., as an art practised by the Chaldeans. C.).— mathe- matica (e. g. in mathematics» addictus. Suet.).— Chal- daicum praedicendi genus (C). ASTRONOMER, asirologus ; cceli ac siderum peri- tus. — astronomus (Post-aug.). — See Astrologer. ASTRONOMICAL, astronomicus. — ad sideralem rationem spectans or pertinens. ASTRONOMY, astrologia, astronomia (the former the classical word: the latter Post aug.). — cceli dimeti- endi ratio or studium (the measuring of the heavens: rat. the science, stud, the practice of it). — lunaris ratio is observation of the moon, as a prognostic of the weather. ASTUTE. See Cunning ASUNDER, seorsum, but mly by dis or se in com- position: e.g. to cut or cleave a., discidere (ferro). — discindere (also with ictu). — diffindere: to be or 'emain a., distare (inter se.— to be at a certain distance apart). — separatum esse, disjunctum inter se esse : to saw a., serra dissecare : to dwell a., seorsum et non una habi- tare : to draw a., diducere. — distrahere (drag a. by violence). ASYLUM, asylum (the strict sense, of a sacred place of refuge). — perfugium (g. t. any place, thing, or person, that offers security). — reiugium (a secret place of refuge, as far as possible removed from danger). — receptus (a place to wch one withdraws). — receptaculum (a place wch receives and protects one). To offer an a. to aby, perfugium praebere ; refugium dare. To flu to an a., in asylum perfugere. — See Refuge. ASYMMETRICAL, non or parum aequalis. inaequa- bilis. parum congruens. To be a., *parum inter se consentire : *nullos habere commensus proportionis. ASYMMETRY, inaequaliias. aavpperpia, ut Graeco verbo utar. ASYMPTOTE, *linea quae circulum, &c. tangit, neque secat. *linea, quae circulum, &c. ita tangit, ut non secet. AT, || With names of towns, #c. : gen. case of sing, niuns of 1st or 2nd decl. — abl. of other nouns. At Rome, Romae : at Athens, Athenis : at Pessinus, Pessi- nunte.— |^p° If the action did not take place in, but only near, the place, the prep, ad or apud must be used. The battle fought at the Trebia, at Cannes, fyc, pugna ad Trebiam, ad Cannas (mly with, but in L. also, with- out commis8a, for wch Liv. once only uses the gen. — Si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior fuit). The mutiny which began at Sucro, seditio militum ccepta apud Sucronem. ' To be waiting at Rome fur a triumph ' is, ad urbem esse (the General cliiming the triumph not being permitted to enter the city till his request was granted or refused). To take athy fin the temple of Diana at Ephesus, tollere qd Epheso (abl. seld. Ephesi) ex fano Dianae. [See Pract. Inlr. ii. p. 271, Caution /.] Cassim is at Antioch with his whole army, Cassius in oppido Antiochiae est cum omni exercitu (». e. in Antioch. C): Cassius ad Antiochinm est cum omni exercitu (i. e. before or near Antioch). || ' At,' With 'home,' 'house:' gen. o/domi. Is your brother at home? domine est frater 1— at my house, domi meae : but also in domo mea, and domi apud me. With ' to dine,' (cc enare ) apud with ace. of the person, apud qm ccenare. t$§p° At my, thy, another's, #c. house, is mly meae, tuae, suae, nostrae. vestrae, alienee domi : but when there is another adj. or a gen. of the possessor, ■ Hi e prep, is more common : e.g. in domo Caesaris, but also domi Caesaris. To slay at home, domi manere, remanere.— domi se tenere or retinere. [See Home, House.] || With other local relations: mly by ad. To stand at the door, ad ostium astare: to be ut the gales, esse ad portas : but to halt, %c, at two miles' distance is, consistere, &c, a millibus passuum duobus. To learn athg at school, in schola qd discere (Q.). (53) || IgJSp The prepos. 'at' after a verb is often not cx~ pressed : e. g. to aim at aby, petere qm : to laugh at athg, ridere qd : qd risu excipere (to receive it with a laugh). AT, with relations o/ time. — abl. case: at that time, eo tempore. Of an appointed time, ad: to assemble at the day fixed, ad diem convenire. At the right time, at the nick of time, tempore, ad tempus (of an ap- pointed time): suo tempore (of events, fyc, happening at their proper time). \\ At a party, dinner. fyc, in convivio (Ter.): inter ccenam (of athg happening at dinner-lime. C). || At once— and (= both — and); idem— idem (e.g. fuere qui iidem ornate, iidem ver- sute dicerent). AT, of an occasion, #c, sts ad. To raise his eyes at the name of Thisbe, ad Thisbes nomen oculos erigere (0.). AT, with words of cost, price, &c. — abl. of the price: e.g. to live at enormous expense, profusis sump- tibus vivere : t<> be provided at a small charge, parvo curata esse. But |gg|r(l) tanti, quanti, with their compounds, pluris, minoris, are always in gen. — (2) With verbs of valuing, magni, parvi, maxima, minimi, plurimi, also stand in gen. : but magno, permagno, parvo, are also found with aestimare. — (3) With verbs of price, magno, permagno, minimo, parvo, plurimo, nimio, vili, always in abl. — (4) Multi, majoris, are not used, but magni, pluris (majoris once in Phcedr.). tiUgjiir For such forms as 'at least,' 'at most,' 'at hand,' ' at once,' fyc, see Least, Most, Hand, Once, &c. ATHEISM, eorum impietas, qui Deum esse negant. ATHEIST, atheus (C. atfeor) : qui nullum esse om- nino Deum putat ; qui Deum (or deos) esse negat. homo impius (g. t.). ATHEISTICAL, \ •,„.„„ ATHEOUS, j im P mS ATHIRST, sitiens. — siticulosus.— fig. cs rei avidus; appetens. [See Thirsty.] To be a., sitire, ATHLETIC, valens. validus. lacertosus. corpore vigens. corpore validus. corpore robusto. Jn. robustus et valens. [Syn. in Strong.] ATHWART, in transversum. transverse, ex trans- verso. || A cross, prep. Vid. ATLAS, || Geographical A., *tabularum geogra- phicarum volumen, or tabulae geographicae. || A kind of silk, *sericus pannus densus et collustratus. ATMOSPHERE, aer (the denser air of the lower regions of the a. ; opp. aether, the upper, purer air). — ccelum (the heavens; the whole a.; also temperature, climate). A pure a., aer purus : healthy, ccelum salubre or bonum ; aer salubris. ATMOSPHERICAL, by gen. aeris or cceli. ATOM, atomus, i, /. (h aro/xof): corpus individuum, (C.).— corpus individuum et solidum {C ). — corpus in- secabile (Vitr. Q.). || Used hyperbolically for a very small portion:— not an a., ne minimum quidem: ne tantillum quidem. ATONE, \\Agree,ViD. || Atone (= expiate, fyc.) athg or for athg, qd luere, expiare, pcenas cs rei dare, pendere, dependere, expendere, solvere: by death, with his life, luere morte, capite. — Sts compensare qd cum qa re or qa. re {to make a compensation or give an equivalent for it). \\ Reconcile, placare. expiare. mitigare or lenire [Syn in Appease], animum cs in qm offensiorem recolligere. placare qm ci or in qm. qm cum qo reconciliare or reducere or restituere in gratiam. cs animum ci reconciliare. To a. enemies, inimicos in gratiam reconciliare; componere gratiam inter inimicos (Com.). ATONEMENT, satisfactio (satisfaction for an in- jury : e. g. for killing a person).— poena (g. t. for punish- ment).— piaculum (in religious mutters). — placamen- tum (that by wch a. is mode). A sacrifice of a., *mors qua numen placatur or expiatur. To require a. fm aby, piaculum a qo exigere. To make a. for athg, qd expiare, luere. See Atone. ^Reconciliation, fyc, placatio (act of appeasing).— reconciliatio concordiae or gratia; (reconciliation). — reditus in gratiam. To make a. between persons, qm ci or in qm placare; qm cum qo reconciliare : qm or cs animum ci reconciliare. ATOP, by adj. summus in agreement : 'a. of wch ' in quo sum mo. ATRABILARIAN, melancholia. ATRABILIOUS, melancbolicus. ATROCIOUS, dirus (exciting horrour : a property of things: e.g. exsecratio). — atrox (exciting fear: e.g. facinus). — fcedus (foul). — abominandus. detestandus. detestab\\is(detestablc). — nefandus. nefarius (the former of actions; the latter of men, their thoughts and actions). — immanis(s/jocA"i7H/: of actions).— teter (hideous, shock- ATR ATT ing ; abominable in character and conduct). An a. villain, homo onmi parte detestabilis. homo impurus. monstrum hominis. ATROCIOUSLY, atrociter. immaniter. fcede. tetre. ATBOrTOTISNFSq (atrocitas.— fceditas.— imma- a tp nr tv SNtSS » \ nitas. \\ An atrocity, atrox Allium X, (facinus, &c. ATROPHY, tabes (g. t.).— atrophia {in Cels. in Gk characters; afterwards in Lat.). ATTACH, \\Bind to o neself, qm sibi adjungere; qm sibi devincire : by alhg, qa re : by presents, donis sibi obstringere qm ; praemiis sibi devincire qm. — Sts capere (to captivate ; of female beauty) ; tenere. de- tinere. — qm ad se tiahere, attrahere or perducere ; qm in suas partes ducere or trahere ; qm suum facere (to bring over to one's party or side). — qm sibi facere or reddere amicum; cs amicitiam sioi parare, comparare, conciliare ; animum cs sibi conciliare et ad usus suos adjungere [to gain aby's friendship). |j Arrest, com- prehendere (g. t.).— in custodiam dare, in vincula con- jicere (l/irow into prison). — 1| To a. great importance to the circumstance, that §c, plurimi faciendum existi- mare, quod &c. || To attach a meaning to a word. to Meaning. |i Seize. Vid. ATTACHMENT, amor, voluntas, caritas. studium. benevolentia. [Syn. in Affection.] — towards aby, amor in, erga, adversus qm : benevolentia, voluntas in or erga qm. From a., propter amorem or benevolen- tiam. [M ore under Affection.] || A rrest, compre- hensio (e. g. sontium). — prehensio. ATTACK, v. adoriri, aggredi qm. impetum facere or invadere in qm. incurrere or incursare in qm. oppugnare or impugnare (urbem, &c. ; also qm) : also signa inferre in hostem ; signis infestis inferri in hostem : with the sword, ferro petere or lacessere qm : in the rear, a tergo hostes adoriri ; hostium terga im- pugnare : in front, in adversos hostes impetum facere : in flank, in latus hostium incurrere : in two bodies, signa bipartito inferre : to be attacked before and behind, ancipiti acie opprimi (Curt.). || To attack with words: dicto or convicio incessere, lacessere, insectari, consectari, adoriri qm (g. t.). — (acerbius) in- vehi in qm (inveigh agst). — petere qm. — pugnare con- tra qd. impugnare qd. in controversiam vocare qd {combat a proposition). To a. a man's opinion, im- pugnare cs sententiam : a man's reputation, glory, fyc, de fama or gloria cs detrahere; dignitatem cs impug- nare ; cs existimationem oppugnare ; incurrere in cs famam : to a. openly, aperte petere qd : secretly, covertly, occulte cuniculis oppugnare qd (C. Agr. 1, 1, init.). \\ To be attacked by a disease: tentari morbo {of a light a.). — corripi morbo (of a severe a.). — to a. the eyes, aciem oculorum obtundere. ATTACK, s. petitio (act of aiming at). — impetus, incursio. incursus (g. t. ; the two last mly of violent a.'s). — excursio {of light troops). — concursus. congressus (the mutual a. of two parties).— impugnatio. oppugnatio (esply assault of a town). An unprovoked a., bellum ultro illatum. Frequent a.'s of cavalry, procellaequestris (L.). At, or on, the first a., primo impetu ; primo con- gressu : to order an a. of cavalry, immittere equites in hostem: to give or sound the signal for a., bellicum ca- nere : to defeat an a., impetum frangere, reprimere, pro- pulsare : to stand agst an a., impetum excipere, ferre, or sustinere : to check an a., impetum tardare or retardare : to be ready, fyc, for making an a., infestis signis con- sistere. — In a wider sense, ' to make an a. on aby's pro- perty,' involare in possessiones cs: on a female's virtue, puellae pudicitiam aggredi or attentare ; puellam ten- tare j puellam de stupro appellare. — feminam in stuprum illicere. ATTAIN to, parare. comparare. acquirere. col- ligere. nancisci. adipisci. consequi. assequi. obtinere. [More under Acquire.] \\ Reach, equal: consequi. assequi (to equal aby in a property : ass. mly of attain- ing to the property itself). — adaequare, exaequare (to a. to a property in an equal degree). Jn. exfequare et assequi. — aequare (to equal aby in a property: less com- monly to a. to a property in an equal degree). To be far fm having attained to an equality with aby, multum abesse a qo : to a. to alhg, or to an equality with aby, by imitation, qm or qd hnitari : qm imitando consequi. \\ Arrive at. To a. to extreme old age, ad summam senectutem pervenire : the same degrees of honour as another, eos honorum gradus, quos alius, assequi. — an object, ad id, quod volumus (cupimus), venire or per- venire ; eo, quo qs vult, pervenire : eo, quo qs intendit, ferri ac deduci. To a. a wish ; the object of my desires, %c, optatum impetrare (by entreaty); voti compotem or participem fieri ; votidamnari; voto potiri (t). (54) ATTAINABLE, quod adipisci queas.— quod obtineri potest, — impetrabilis {a. by entreaties). ATTAINDER, damnatio. condemnatio {Post-aug.). To reverse aby's a., resacrare qm {Np. — i. e. to retract the formal execration publicly pronounced agst a state criminal). ]| Stain: labes. macula. ATTAINMENT, comparatio. adeptio [Syn. in Ac- quisition] : of popularity or favour, conciliatio gratise. || A ttainments: doctrina. eruditio. litera?. A per- son of great a.'s, multarum rerum cognitione imbutus; eruditissimus ; optimis artibus eruditus; homo in quo multae sunt literae : of great and various a.'s, in quo est copia et varietas studiorum. ATTAINT, damnare. condemnare. See Condemn. II Co rrupt. See Taint. ATTEMPER, temperare. — moderari. — modum or moderationem adhibere ci rei or in qa re. — continere. coercere (to restrain it properly). — lenire. mitigare. mollire (soften; make less harsh). — [Syn. in Temper.] || Fit to athg: accommodare qd ci rei or ad rem: fa- cere or efficere, ut qd congruat or conveniat cum re. ATTEMPERATE. See Attemper. ATTEMPT, v. tentare. experiri. conari. periclitari (qm or qd: e.g. periclitari Romanos. Np.). — periculum facere cs or cs rei. — moliri (to endeavour to effect a great and difficult work). — audere (to a. a great and dangerous work). See Try. \\ Attempt aby's mind : sollicitare qm or cs animum : e. g. pretio. pecunia. — pellicere qm. ATTEMPT, s. conatus, us, m-. ; in plur. also conata (a., as the beginning of an undertaking). — periculum (trial by which, with danger to oneself, one arrives at experience: periclitatio, as action). — experimentum (trial, contrived for the purpose of learning the nature of athg). An unlucky or unsuccessful a., res infelicis operas ; res infeliciter tentata : a vain a., conatus frustra captus : to make an a., periculum facere; cona- tum incipere or facere (incip. of beginning to make it; fac. of actually carrying it through. C. Cat. 2, 12, 27). — agst aby or athg, contra qm or qd. To make an a. upon athg, tentare qd {e. g. on a camp, castra). ATTEMPTER, tentator {netpacrr^. Hor. one who attempts to seduce a female). ATTEND, \\Pay attention to: attendere qm or qd [not ad qm, ad qd : but attendere animum or animos ad qd is correct. Krebs). — animum attendere, animum advertere ad qd. — curare qd (care about it ; look after it). — servare. observare {observe). — cs rei rationem habere, ducere (regard it; take it into account). — to a. to the household affairs, negotia domestica curare : domds officia exsequi (of the mistress of a family): res domesticas dispensare (of the steward, fyc.) : to a. to one's studies, colere studia. deservire studiis. Not to a. to, negligere qm or qd. intrans ) || Pay atten- tion, animum attendere, intendere, ad\ertere. animo adesse (g. t.).— aures erigere animumque attendere, or erigi only, or se erigere {of auditors). — A.! ades- tote animis, erigite mentes auresque vestras, et me dicentemattendite! (C.) [See Attention.] || Accom- pany {as attendants), or be consequent to (as a following train), comitari qm or qd. comitem cs esse, comitem se ci dare, adjungere. — prosequi qm or qd. — deducere qm (*. 'e. a. a Rom. Senator). [Syn. in Accompany.] — sequi {to follow).— famulari {to a. as servant). — apparere (to be in attendance on a royal per- sonage, or one in high office, as scribe, Uctor, fyc). To be attended by a crowd, stipari (e. g. non usitata fre- quentia). || To attend a sick person: aegrotum curare: assiduously, ftc, aegroto assidere. \\Wait for: opperiri (qm or qd).— praestolari ci or {but not in C.) qm. — manere qm.— exspectare qm or qd. [Syn. in Wait for.] || Await: manere ci or qm. — imminere {hang over him). || Attend to a business : dare operam ci rei (one's business, duty, fyc). — munere suo fungi : muneris sui officiis satisfacere : exsequi munus officii, colere, obire munus. || Be present at : to a. public worship, sacris adesse. || Visit aby, con- venire qm. ATTENDANCE, ministerium {as domestic, scribe, %c: ministratio in Vitr. only).— salutatio. ofheium (a. on a superior to pay him respect). Daily a., assi- duitas quotidiana (carrying with it the notion of zeal, #c). To dance a. on aby, assidui'atem ci praebere : in aby's antechamber, in vesiibulo aedium opperiri salu- tationem (Gell. 4, 1, init.). || Body of attendants, ministerium, or pi. ministeria {sitv. age). — f;imuli. ministri (servants).— coinitatus. assectatio {attending body or train: the latter, train of clients, §c, following to show respect). — stipatio (dense crowd accompanying aby = ' suite,' ' train '). || Attentio n. Vid. \\At- ATT ATW tendance on a sick person: curatio, cura, are the nearest words : mly by Crcl. ATTENDANT, comes (companion ; g. t.). — assecla. assectator (a servant, client, friend, fyc , accompanying a person to do honour to him).— deductor (one who attends another to his house to do him honour). — famulus (domestic servant). — minister (servant or assistant for the performance of any office : e. g. the servants who wait at table). — See 'body of attend ants' under Attendance. || To be an a. at athg, adesse ci rei (of mere presence) : interesse ci rei I if present to take a share in managing it) : to be an a. at church, sacris adesse. ATTENT. See Attentive. ATTENTION, attentio animi (C. de Or. 2, 35, 150). — more cmly intentio (both, the steady direction of the thoughts towards an object). — audientia (a. to a speaker ; for which, also intentio is used). — diligentia (careful a. to a task, fyc. : opp. indiligentia). — stadium, officium. officium et cultus (obliging a. to a person). — A. to athg, observatio cs rei (net of observing it): — to oneself, animadversio (C. de Off. 1, 29, 103).— To pro- cure a. to oneself (of a speaker), sibi or orationi suae audientiam facere : the a. of an audience, auditores sibi facere attentos : to keep or rivet aby's a., aures cs tenere. To direct one's a. to athg ; to pay a. to athg, animum attendere, advertere ad qd: animum inten- dere, animum defigere et intendere in (seld. ad) qd; tenere animum attentum, referre animum ad qd ; cogitationem intendere ad rem. To call aby's a. to something (that he might otherwise forget or omit), monere qm with ut. To call or draw aby's a. to one- self, convertere qm or cs animum in or ad se : to at- tract a., conspici (absol.). conspicuum esse : by athg, qa. re (of things and persons that strike one by their unusual appearance). To draw people's a. to aby, qm conspicuum facere. Athg occupies the a. of men, qd occupat cogitationes hominum. To pay a., adesse animo (or, of several, animis). — erigere mentem (of several, mentes) auresque {to prick up one's ears, fyc, to pay a. to a speaker) : also Jn. aures erigere animumque attendere. — operam dare ci rei (e. g. to a piny, fabulae). To be paying great a. to athg, acnter animum intendere ad qd. To pay a. to a person, observare qm. colere et observare qm (C). officium et cultum ci tribuere: marked a., qm praeter ceteros or perofficiose observare. diligenter observare et colere qm. significare studium erga qm non mediocre : marked and affectionate a., perofficiose et peramanter observare qm (C). || ' With attention.' See Attentively. ATTENTIVE, attentus. intentus (with the mind on the stretch). — erectus (mentally excited). Very a., per- attentus. To be very a.: see 'to pay, %c, At- tention.' — to make aby a., qm attentum facere. excitare animos, ut attendant. — More under At- tention. ATTENTIVELY, attente. intente : very a., perat- tente. To look at a., aciius contueri, or only contueri, conspicere (Bremi ad Np. Chabr. I, 2): acri animo et intento intueri : very a., acerrime contemplari. To listen a., dilifjenter attendere, attente or attento animo or sedulo audire qm: praebere se ci attentum audito- rem ; adesse animo (animis) ; erigere mentem (mentes) auresque, et qm dicentem attendere (of listening to an orator) : athg. attente audire qd. He is not listening a., aures ejus peregrinantur : to follow athg a., animo 6equi qd. AT1ENTIVENESS. See Attention. ATTENUATE, attenuare. extenuare (to make thin- ner literally ; thenfiq. to lessen, with respect to time or strength). — diluere (to dilute: e.g. vinum, potionem). ATTENUATE, attenuatus. extenuatus (e.g. aer extenuatus). ATTENUATION, extenuatio. ATTEST, \\Bcar evidence to: testari (g. t.).— attestari. testincari. testimonio confirmare (confirm by one's evidence). — testimonio esse, testem esse (to be a witness : the former of things, the latter of persons). — affirmare (to affirm positively). — clamare (to cry out). — || Call to witness: testaii qm, testem facere qm : Gnd, Deum testari or Deum invocare lestem : gods and men, deos honiinesque testari, or contestari.— antestari qm (in legal matters, before the introduction of a cause into court. The question put was, licet antestari? If the party consented, the person appealing to him touched the lip of his ear. In non-judicial matters it occurs only in C. pro Milone, 25, 68). ATTEST, s. \ testimonium : to give a., testi- ATTESTATION, J monium dare (both of persons and things) :—to bring forward a., testimonium per- hibere (of persons) : testimonium cs rei proferre. testi- (55) monium cs rei afferre. To be or serve for an a., cs re esse testimonium. See Witness. ATTIRE, v. vestire. convestire. veste tegere. veste induere qm. veste amicire qm. To be attired, vestiri, amiciri qa re. See Array, Dress. ATTIRE, s. vestis. vestitus cultus. vestis ornatus. Jn. vestitus atque ornatus. See Dress. ATTITUDE, status (manner in wch athg stands: hence also position of a combatant). — habitus, corporis habitus (attitude). — To throw himself into an a. of surprise, fear, flattery, §-c. (of an orator), in habitum admirationis, metus, adulationis se ringere (Q.).-An unseemly a., status indecorus. An erect a., status erectus or celsus. To have a statue made in that a., illo statu statuam fieri voluit. ATTORNEY, causidicus (in a depreciating sense). — advocatus (legal assistant or adviser, who made himself useful to a parly in an action by his presence and advice in court). — cognitor (in civil causes, the agent of a party present). — procurator (agent of one not present). — legu- leius. formularius (a narrow-minded lawyer, who at- tended only to the letter of the law, not to its spirit : he may however be cautious arid acute. C). — A noisy a. rabula de foro. To strike a man's name off the roll of a.'s, see Practise. ATTORNEYSHIP, opera forensis. causidicatio (g. t. the latter ap. Fron. Ep. ad Marc. Anton.). — advocatio. procuraHo. [Syn. in Attorney.] ATTRACT, propr.) attrahere. ad or in se trabere. ad se allicere et trabere. The magnet a.'s iron, magnes lapis attrahit or ad se allicit et trahit ferrum : to a. moisture, humorem trahere or recipere. — 1| impropr.) ad se trahere or attrahere. — allicere. ad se allicere or illicere (allure). To a. hearers by novelty, audientium animos novitate tenere: to a. by arts of allurement, illecebris ad se trahere: to a. new or fresh pupils, dis- cipulos novos attrahere (O.). ATTRACTION, || Power of attracting : attra- hendi, quae dicitur, vis (propr.). — *vis ad se illiciendi or attrahendi (fig.). Novelty is the only a. of that book, libro isto sola novitas lenocinatur. Athg has lost the a. of novelty, res novitatis gratiam exuit. \\ An at- traction: qd ad se attrahit or illicit : qd nos capit, delectat, delectatione allicit. ATTRACTI VE. An a. person, homo blandus : *cui magna ad se illiciendi et attrahendi vis inest: an a. writer, lectorem tenens scriptor : an a. style, speciosum dicendi genus: fables are very a., fabulae habent mul- tum delectationis. ATTRIBUTABLE, Crcl. — sts by referendus (that may be referred). ATTRIBUTE, v. ascribere ci qd (ascribe athg, whe- ther good or bad, to aby as its author, inventor, or cause). — assignare ci qd (refer athg to aby as the person fin whom it proceeds; to impute it in blame, or give the merit of it).— addicere ci qd (to declare aby the author of a composition. Gell. 3, 3). — tribuere or attribuere ci qd (to a. athg to aby as its cause, whether guilty cause or not) To a. the invention of athg to aby, qd ci in- ventori ascribere : the blame to aby, ci culpam tribuere or attribuere ; culpam in qm conferre (thruw it on him) : culpam in qm vertere or transterre (fm oneself) :—io a. athg to feur, qd timori assignare : ill success to aby, ci casum adversum tribuere; ci incommodum asiri- bere : athg to oneself alone, qd sibi soli ascribere : you have attributed this to me, haec tibi a me eveniunt. ATTRIBUTE, proprietas. proprium (the peculiar nature of athg).— natura (nature).— ratio, vis (the efficacy it possesses; its constitution).— qualitas (peculiar con- stitution: coined by C. as a trans, of Troiorry;). The divine a.'s, dei (or deorum) natura. ATTRIBUTIVE. An a., attributio (C). ATTRITE, attritus. ATTRITION, attritus, us (Post-aug. Plin. Sen.).— attritio (Lampr. Marc. Capell. prps only in two pas- sages. Freund). — fricatio (act of rubbing off; also oj polishing by a.).— fricatura (manner of rubbing off athg). — detrimentum in this (its proper) meaning only in Appul. Met. 6. In the Rom. Cath. sense (as less than, contrition), *cordis attritio, quae dicitur; or *at- tritio, quam Pontiticii vocant. ATTU (N E, || Ma Ice har m onions : concentum effi- cere qrm rerum. || Tune one thing to another: *efheere ut qd cum qa re concinat; *efficere ut res concenturn servent: to a. one harp to another or others, ridem ita contendere nervis (Orell. reads numeris) ut concentum servare possit : to a. his voice to his lyre, *concentum vocis lyraeque (0.) efficere. ATWEEN,) - BrTwrt) , ATWIXT, } 5ee BeTWEEN - AUB AUT AUBURN, flavus. flavens (of hair, # ance) ; praedem fieri pro qo or cs rei ; obsidem cs rei fieri. — vadem se dare ci pro qo. || Accept bail for a by, vades (prae- des) accipere cs rei. vadimonio interposito qm liberare (of a person who would otherwise be kept in prison). BAILIFF, administrator. — procurator (manager of the affairs of an absentee by commission). — villicus (an under-steivard of a manor). — To commit the management of an estate to a b., villicum fundo familiaeque prae- ponere. — apparitor {an officer of a court of justice, whose business it is to execute arrests, fyc. ; also lictor : but these words answer in part only to our b or catch- poll).— The high b., quaesitor ac judex primus. BAIT, v. || To furnish a hook, §c, with a bait, *escam imponere or obducere (a hook, hamo). || To allure by food a fish, %c. ; i.e. to bail for : inescare; cibo inescare ; cibo allicere. || On a journey, sunsistere in itinere, iter intermittere (to suspend one's journey). — devertere. deverti. deversari {to turn in for refresh- ment, 8fc.) : at aby's house, ad or apud qm : any where, ad or in locum. ||§ir Divertere cannot be used except wheie the parlies separate, and some go to one inn, some BAI BAL to another. To b. horses, equorum reficiendorum causa subsistere (aft. Cces. B. Civ. 2, 42, end).— *equorum reficiendorum causa apud qm, or ad qm locum de- versari. [| To set dogs upon, immittere canes ci or in qm. \\ To attack as dogs do, morsu apprehen- dere ; mordicus premere qd : morsu appetere qm. fig. —assail pertinaciously: invadere in qm. incursare in qm. vexare, agirare, lacessere qm. || To da it a bear or a bull, *ursum or taurum cum canibus committere. BAIT, s. esca, illecebra (propr. and impropr.). — cibus ad fraudem cs positus : also fm context, cibus only. To catch with a b., cibo inescare. || Bvi,i.-bait. See Bull. BAITING-PLACE, deversorium. tabernadeversoria. deverticulum. BAIZE, *pannu8 laneus crassioris telae. BAKE, coquere (g. t. for making hard by heat; bread, bricks, fyc ). — torrere, torrefacere, siccare {to dry, parch, fyc. : e.g. igni fruges ; terram soli's ardore). — intr.) coqui. percoqui. excoqui. —Bricks baked in a kiln, lateres cocti or coctiles. — to b. bread, panes coquere. BAKE-HOUSE, pistrina; pistrinum. BAKER, pistor; furnarius ; furnariam exercens (pistor is Ike slave employed in baking ; furnarius, the freeman exercising the trade) : a b. of fancy-bread, pistor dulciarius or merely dulciarius. — a b.'s wife, furnariam exercentis uxor (Suet. Fit. 2) — a female b., pistrix (Varr. L. L. 5, 31, § 138).— the guild of b.'s, *corpus, collegium furnariorum. — a b.'s apprentice, furnariam exercentis (according to Suet. Vit. 2) or pistrinae alumnus (according to Tac. Ann. 15, 34, 3). — b.'s bread, panis a propola emptus (Cic. Pis. 27, extr.). — the b.'s market, forum pistorium.— b.'s man or boy, opera pistoria (mly in pi. operae pistoriae). BALANCE, s. || For weighing : trutina (rpvTavn : prop, the hole in wch the tongue of the balance plays : then g. t. for balance: trutinae, quae statera? di- cuntur. Vitr. 10, 3, 8, 4).— libra (a pair of scales). — statera (mly steelyard; seld. pair of scales). — lanx (the scale of the b.). To weigh in a b., pendere : trutina examinare (Cic de Or. 2, 38, 159). — not to weigh in too nice a b., non aurificis statera, sed populari trutina examinare. — librare. || Equality of weight, mo- mentum par. [not aequilibritas, or aequilibrium. See Diet.] The b. is destroyed, portionum aequitas tur- batur : to disturb the b. of the mind, aequitatem animi turbare (Sen.). — in a b., pari momento or suis pouderi- bus libratus.— to maintain a b. of power, providere, ne asqua civitatum conditio turbetur. — to lose one's b., labi. || That which is wanting to make equal, or the difference, quod reliquum restat. jj Of a to ate h, libramentum. || fig. consideratio; reputatio; deliberatio ; comparatio. BALANCE, v. || To keep in equilibrium, qd suis ponderibus librare. — intr.) suis ponderibus librari (aft. C. Tusc. 5,24,69). librare; pendere ; pensare ; ponderare ; trutina examinare : to b. virtues and vices agst each other, perpendere vitia virtutesque : to b. every word, unumquodque verbum statera examinare (Varr. Non. 455, 21. Cic. de Or. 2, 38, 159). || To balance an account, -rationes consolidare (C). || To balance or make equal, adaequare qd cum qo. BALANCER, pensitator; to be a most minute b. of words, esse verborum pensitatorem subtilissimum (Gell. 17,1). BALCONY, podium — Maenianum (in the circus, to view the games. See Bremi, Suet. Cal. 18). — solarium denotes a sort of terrace, on the houses of ike Romans, for basking in the sun. BALD, glaber (\J/i\6s, by nature or by shearing; applies to the parts of the body, but not of the head, where hair is wonting; and to places where plants, trees, fyc, should stand). — calvus (without hair or feathers by nature, or through old age: with reference to men it merely applies to the head; with reference to animals, to the whole body). — B. in front, praecalvus: 6. behind, recalvus (both Poat-Aug.).—a b. head, cal- vitium (not calvities or capitis levitas) : b. places, where nothing grows, glabreta, orum, n. — to be b , calvere ; calvum esse; glabrere ; glabrum esse. — to grow b., calvum fieri ; glabrum fieri : to be growing b., calves- cere; glabrescere : to make b., calvum face re ; gla- brum facere ; glabrare. f$*gT According to Doderlein, laevis, levis (\eior) means smooth, in opp. to rough and rugged, and gives a pleasant impression of elegance; whereas glaber (yXaQvpov), in opp. to rough, covered with hair, and grown up, and gives an unpleasant im- pression of deficiency. \\Unadorned, inelegant (of style): inornatus. incomptus. incultus. impolitus. (61) exilis. || Mean, worthless: abjectus. humilis. vilis. BALDERDASH, farrago (with ref. to the contents), sartago (with ref. to the words. Pers.). BALD-HEAD, calvitium (not calvities). || He who has a bald head, calvus (by nature or age: opp. to comatus). — pilis defectus (by age. Phard. 5, 7, 2). BALDNESS, calvities ; capitis levitas. BALDRIC, cingulum, zona (the former as genuine Latin, zona as derived fm the Greek, gwvr) : zona applies tsply to the finely-wrought girdles of females ; both apply to the division of the earth, and the girdle in which money is carried). || ' The b. of the heavens ' (Spens.), the zodiac, orbis or circulus signify r ; cir- culus, qui signit'er vocatur ; also merely signifer : by later writers the Greek term zodiacus (gwdiaKos) was introduced. BALE, fascis, *fascis mercium (of goods) : to make into b.'s, *in fasces colligare ; merces in fasciculos col- ligaro. A heavy b., mercium moles. || Calamity, miseria ; res misera? or afflictae ; calamitas ; malum ; damnum. BALEFUL, infelix ; miser; calamitosus; luctuosus ; perniciosus ; exitiosus ; exitialis ; funestus : to be b., perniciei esse ; nocere. BALE OUT, v. exhaurire. — not exanclare in good prose. BALISTER, || military engine, kind of cross- bow, balista or ballista. BALK, H-4 beam, tignum ; trabs. \\ Between two fields: confinium (space left uncultivated, to divide two fields. Beiir and C. Off. 2, 18, 64).— limes (cross- way forming the boundary between two fields. S. Varr. R. R. 1, 16, 6, where lim. et conf.). || Disappoint- ment, frustratio ; ludificatio. BALK, v. \\Disappoint, frustrate: fraudare (v. pr. to cheat, injure, or rob aby by an abuse of his confidence) — decipere (to deceive; outwit by a suddenly executed plot).— circumvenire (outwit by an artfully laid plot). — destituere (to leave in the lurch : also to deceive, beguile of: deos mercede, H. spem, L.). — frustrare. more cmly frustrari (to Let aby expect in vain the fulfilment of a promise or hope : qm spe auxilii, L. exspectationem cs, Plin. spes me frustrata est, Ter.). — eludere (to make sport of; also to evade an attack: qm; manus scrutantium, Petr. vim legis, Suet.). — ludificari (ea, quae hostes agerent, L.). — ad vanum or ad irritum, or vanum et irritum redigere (to render what has been done useless).— disturbare (throw into confusion, and so destroy). To b. aby's hope, expecta- tion, fyc, spem fallere, ludere or destituere: to be balked, falli (to be deceived) ; irritum fieri; ad irritum cadere, recidere, or venire : to see one's expectation balked, spem perdere ; spe excidere ; a spe decidere ; spe dejici ; spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur : frustrari spe (Sail.) : spes qm frustrata est (Ter.). To b. all a man's plans, conturbare ci omnes rationes. Death has balked all his hopes and plans, omnem spem atque omnia vitae consilia mors pervertit. || Omit, refuse. Vid. \\ Attempt to shun, eludere (qm ; hastas). — declinare (impetum, C). BALL, \\ Any round body, pila.— a b. to throw or play with, pila with or without lusoria (The Romans had four kinds nf balls: pila trigonalis or trigon (a small hard b. stuffed with hair, played by three persons who stood in the form of a triangle, each striking it to the other with the hand or with a racket, Mart. 4, 19, 5 : to play with this ball was datatiin pila ludere. Pluut. Cure. 2, 3, 1 7). — follis. folliculus (a large leathern b., also called follis pugillatorius. According to Georges and Diet, of Anliqq. it was filled with air, but Martial would seem to make it stuffed with feathers: plumea seu laxi partiris pondera follis, 4, 19, 7. To play with this b. was, pila expulsim ludere, Varr. in Non. 104, 27). — paganica (a large b., but smaller than the follis : it was stuffed with feathers, and played tvilh in the open air in country districts, fyc. — in pagis). — harpastum (apnao-Tov, apirdfa : a b. filled with cloth, feathers, fyc. It was played by two parties, each of wch endeavoured to snatch it fm the other and keep it fm them: hence Mart.: sive harpasta manu pulverulenta rapis, 4, 19, 6).— to throw a b., pilam jactare or mittere : to return a b., pilam remittere, repercutere or retor- quere : the b. slips, pila e manibus labitur : to keep the b. up, pilam cadentem revo«are : to raise it up again after it has fallen, repetere pilam, quae terram contigit. — to play at b., pila ludere ; pila se exercere : pila ex- erceri: to be fond of playing at b., ludere studiose pila; pilae studio teneri : a good player at b„ lusor bonus or exercitatus et doctus (<'PP- io tiro et indoctus): a play- BAL BAN fellow at 6.,collusor: we are but b.'sin the hands of the gods, dii nos quasi pilas homines habent (Plant. Capt. Prol. 22).— a billiard-b., *globulus eburneus. Foot-b., follis, folliculus. — \\Any round mass, globus, pila. The earth-b., pilaterrae, or better globus terra*. The eye-b., pupula, pupilla, acies. The b. of the thigh-bone, caput ossis femoris. Ink-b. used in printing, *folliculus typographicus. The b. of the foot, plantae pars exstarttior. — For musket-b. we may say glans ; for cannon-b., globus ; for bomb, pila. || A Utile b., globulus, pilula, folliculus. \\An entertain- ment for dancing, saltatio : to give a b., saltationem instituere : to go to a b., *saltatura ire : to be at a b., saltation i inieresse. BALLAD, prps carmen epicolyricum. A street b., carmen triviale (Juven. 7, 55, Ruperti). — b.-singer, •cantor circumforaneus. BALLAST, saburra. To b., or take in b., navem saburra gravare ; navem saburrare. BALLET, pantomimus. embolium (C. ; interlude, C. Sest. 54, 116). B.-master, "qui pan'omimum docet. B.-dancer, pantomimus (fern, pantomima); emboliaria (of a female, Plin.). BALLOON, *machina aerobatica (air-b.). BALLOT, *globorum suffragia: to b., *globis suf- fragia ferre: a b.-ball, globus; tessera; calculus: a b.-box, arcula ; capsula ; cistula, in qua tesserae con- duntur. — to b., *globis suffragia ferre. To pass a law that the votes should be by b., for the security of the voter, legem ferre ut non voce suffragium pronuntia- rent, sed tabella inscriberent, quasi securo et liberiore judicio, or, ut non voce cives sed tabellis uterentur, ut libere suffragia sine inimicitiarum metu ferre pos- sent (C). BALL-ROOM, locus quo utriusque sexus juvenes saltandi causa veniunt (aft. C. Lcel. 15, 36).— *cecus in quo saltant. BALM, balsamum (tree and gum), opobalsamum. balsami succus or lacrima (Plin. 12, 25, 54).— balsami oleum (Plin. 23, 4, 47). — unguentum; fomentum. api- astrum (balm-gentle, species of mint). || fig. solatium (comfort). — fomentum (soothing application). BALMY, || Of balm; balsaminus (/JaXcra/iivor, Plin. 23, 4, 47). \\ Smelling of balm, balsamodes (/3aA<5n9, Plin. 12, 19, 43). — suaves odores spar- gens. — to emitb. odours, suaves odores spargere : flowers emit a b. fragrance, suaves odores afflantur e floribus. \\Soft, mollis, lenis, dulcis, suavis. BALSAM. See Balm. BALSAMIC. See Balmy. BALUSTRADE, pluteus or pluteum. — cancelli. clathri. BAMBOO, arundo Indica. calamus Indicus (Plin. 16, 36, 65 : arundo Bambos. Linn.). B.-spears, hastae gramineae [C. Verr. 4, 50, 125). BAMBOOZLE, cireumvenire; illudereet destituere; fraudem or fallaciam ci facere ; dolum ci nectere, con- fingere; fallere; ci imponere. ci fucum facere. qm circumducere (=-lead him by the nose. Com.). — ci verba dare [Syn. in Deceive]. He got his associates into a scrape, deceived, abandoned, and completely bamboozled them, socios induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perridia fefellit (C). BAMBOOZLER, fraudator. — homo ad fallendum paratus or instructus. — circumscriptor. — prsestigiator. — deceptor. A complete b., homo ad fraudem acutus ; veterator ; homo totus ex fraude factus : to be a com- plete b., totum ex fraude et fallaciis constare. BAN, \\ An interdiction: (I) secular, aquae et ignis interdictio ; to place under a b., aqua et igni interdicere ci. — (2) Ecclesiastical, sacrificiorum interdictio ; anathema, atis, n. excommunicatio. — to place under a b., sacririciis interdicere ci (Cces. B. G. 6, 13, where the expression is tints explained; quibus ita interdictum, ii numero impiorum ac sceleratorum habentur; iis omnes decedunt, aditum eorum sermo- nemque defugiunt, ne quid ex contagione incommodi accipiant ; neque iis petentibus jus redditur, neque honos ullus communicatur) ; qm anathematizare ; ex- communicare (Eccl.); also devovere qm. \\ Curse, exsecratio ; devotio; imprecatio. || Bans of mar- riage, *prasconia sponsalitia. *futurarum nuptiarum promulgatio. In the canon law, proclamationes sponsi et sponsae in ecclesiis fieri solitae. || Ban of the empire, proscriptio ab imperatore et ordinibus Germanise irro- gata, and fm context merely proscriptio. BAN, v. exsecrari ; devovere ; diras ci imprecari ; qmdetestari; detestari in caput cs minas et pericula. — detestari in caput cs iram deorum. — According to Doderlein, exsecrari means ' to curse,' when one would (62) exclude a guilty person fm human society as devoted to the infernal gods, in opp. to blessing; detestari means ' to curse,' when one wishes to deprecate evil by an appeal to the gods agst a person or thing, in opp. to 'praying in behalf of .' (Hand-book, p. J.) BAND, s. || That which binds, vinculum. — liua- men; ligamentum. || That which binds together, copula. || F or the hair, redimiculum; taenia; fascia. || For wounds, fascia; vinctura; ligamentum ad vul- nus deligandum.— mitella (for a broken arm). \\ An ornament for the head, vitta; infula (for the priests); lemniscus (ribbon of a garland). \\ Of iron about a beam, armilla. \\ A troop or company, globus ; turba ; caterva ; grex ; manipulus ; turma (of cavalry) ; manus ; multitude — b.'s of robbers, latronum globus. — a b. of conspirators, conjuratorum globus. — armed b.'s, armatorum copia. BAND, v. sociare; consociare; se jungere; se con- jungere ci or cum qo : se conjungere cum copiis cs ; arma consociare cum qo; signa conferre ad qm. BANDAGE, s. fascia ; (if small) fasciola; ligamen- tum ad vulnus deligandum ; vinctura. BANDAGE, v. deligare, alligare, obligare. BAND-BOX, capsa; capsula. BANDIT, sicarius (one who lends and hires out his hand to a secret assassination). — also fm context insi- diator ; Jatro. BANDY, ultro citro agere, modo hue modo illuc pul- sare. || Agitate, agitare, vexare, exagitare. || To b. looks, fidenter inter se aspicere.— words with one, verba commutare cum qo (as a friend) ; cum qo altercari. BANDY-LEGGED, varus; valgus; vatius ; cruri- bus varis, or valgis, or vatiis. compernis (varus and valgus mean bent outwards, or 'bow-legged;' vatius and compernis, bent inwards, or 'knock-kneed'). BANE (poison), venenum, virus. || That which destroys, pestis, pernicies. — {ruin, mischief), per- nicies, exitium. BANEFUL, venenatus; veneno imbutus, infectus or tinctus. || fig. acerbus ; perniciosus; exitiosus; exitialis; funestus ; damnosus: to be b., perniciei esse; nocere : who does not know that this is of a b. nature ? quis non intelligit hanc rem nocere ? BANEFULNESS, vis nocendi (Tac.Ann. 15, 34).— natura perniciosa, exitialis, or damnosa. BANG, s. percussio ; percussus ; plaga. [See Blow ] A b. on the head, percussio capitis. — a b. at the door, pulsus ostii. || A noise, insens fragor, or ingens sonitus. BANG, v. pulsare qd qa re. percutere qd q§, re. — To b. one's head agst the wall, caput illidere or im- pingere parieii (i. e. with a murderous intention fm despair). — to b. aby with fists, qm pugnis casdere or colaphis pulsare : with a stick, qm fusti verberare. — to be an adept in banging and beating, ad pulsandos verberandosque homines exercitatissimum esse. — to b. or drub soundly, mulcare, with or without male. BANISH, ci aqua et igni interdicere, exsilio afficere, in exsilium agere or exigere, ex urbe or ex civitate pellere, expellere, ejicere, exturbare; relegare (to a certain place, without depriving of the rights of a citizen and of one's property)— deportare (to transport to a distant, desert place; this was the severest kind of ban- ishment, and subjected a person to the loss of citizenship and of property, and cut off all hope of return). — for ten years, relegare in decern annos. — any one to an island, qm relegare, deportare, projicere in insulam. — || fig. To banish doubt, expellere dubitationem. — all suspicion, delere omnem suspicionem ex animo.— love fm the heart, amorem ex animo ejicere, amoveie. — the authority of the senate fm the state, exterminare auctoritatem senatus e civitate. — to b. sorrow, mcesti- tiam ex animis pellere. A banished man, exsul (who has been driven fm his country, or has fled fm it in order to escape fm punishment) : extorris patria, extorris (as being homeless, without reference to punishment) : rele- gatus, deportatus. BANISHMENT, interdictio aquae et ignis, ejectio : (involuntary, to a distant, desert place, and attended with the forfeiture of the rights of citizenship), depor- tatio: (to an appointed place, with no forfeiture), rele- gatio : exsilium (state of banishment, voluntary or in- voluntary). Togo into b., in exsilium ire, proficisci, pergere; exsulatum ire, abire; sohim vertere exsilii causa, solum mutare. To live in b., in exsilio esse, exsulari. To return fm b., exsilio redire. Place of b., exsilium. — to recall fm b., revocare de or ab exsilio; reducere de exsilio; in patriam revocare, or restituere. BANISTERS (corrupted fm Balusters), epime- dion (Inscript. OrelL). BANK, || Of a river, ripa. A steep b., ripa ardua, BAN BAR locus arduus. —precipitous, ripa praerupta, praeceps ; locus praeruptus, praeceps ; praeceps, praecipitium. — \\Heap of earth, agger; moles; tumulus; clivus ; locus' editior. \\Bank of oars, scamnum ; trans- trum. || Sand -bank, syrtis (avptii), or in pure Latin, pulvinus (Serv. adJEn. 10, 303). \\For money, mensa publica; argentaria, with or without mensa; *aerarium mercatorum : to put money in the b., pec»-- niam apud mensam publicam occupare : to pay fm the b., a mensa publica numerare : the person who does this, mensarius. \\ Of a gaminghouse, *ana alea- toria : to break the b. at a single throw, *totam alea- toris arcam uno jactu exhaurire. BANK, v. molem or aggerem exstruere: to b. a river in, fluvium extra ripas diffluentem coercere. || To bank with; deposit in a bank, pecuniam apud argentarios deponere. BANKER, argentarius; mensarius; numularlus (only Suet. : contemptuous, = scrivener). To be a b., argentariam facere : to be an eminent b., maximam argentariam facere. BANK-NOTE, *tessera mensas publicae. BANKRUPT, aere dirutus.— decoctor (through extra- vagance); bonis eversus. A fraudulent b., creditorum fraudator: to become a b., a mensa surgere; dissolvere argentariam (of a banker); cedere foro(ofa tradesman). conturbare (absol.).— corruere, cadere (opp. to stare). — decoquere, with or without creditoribus (it is used for one who by a private arrangement assigns his property to his creditors); aeredirui: to become a complete &., nau- fragium omnium fortunarum facere : to become a b. through misfortune, and not by one's own fault, fortunae vitio non suo decoquere : to be near being a b., in aere alieno vacillare. BANKRUPTCY, ruinae ornaufragium fortunarum; naufragium or eversio rei familiaris ; tabulae novae (of a state : new debt-books for the advantage of the debtor). To declare one's b„ bonam copiam ejurare (upon oath). fenus et impendium recusare : a person is on the verge of b., fortunarum ruinae ci impendent: it amounts to a national b., res ad tabulas novas pervenit. BANNER, signum militare, or signum only; vex- illum : to raise the b. or standard, signum or vexillum proponere; vexillum tollere : to lower the b. or stan- dard, vexillum submittere : to fight under aby's b.'s, signa cs sequi; castra cs sequi : to desert aby's b.'s, signa militaria relinquere ; a signis discedere: to re- turn to the b.'s, ad signa se recipere. BANNIAN, (a sort of light undress,) prps vestis domestica. BANNOCK, an oaten cake, placenta avenacea; panis avenaceus. BANQUET, epulae (g. t. for meal, whether frugal or sumptuous, whether en famille or with guests, at home or in public). — convivium (a social, convivial meal). — dapes (a religious meal; a feast on the offerings). — epulum (a solemn meal, mly political, in honour of something).— comissatio (a gormandizing meal ; a feast). To prepare a b., convivium instruere, apparare, com- parare, ornare, exornare : to give a b., ccenam or epulum ci dare : to hold a b., convivium habere, agere : to go to a b., convivium inire ; se convivio reddere : to invite to a b., qm ad ccenam invitare or vocare : to be at a b., convivio interesse. — intr.) convivari; epulari apud qm. convivium celebrare : sumptuously, saliarem in modum epulari. BANTER, v. ludibrio sibi habere qm ; qm irridere (to laugh at). — qm deridere (to mock).— qm cavillari (mock in a bantering, ironical way). — To b. aby with bitter irony, acerbis facetiis qm irridere : aby about athg, qd ludibrio habere; qd irridere or deridere ; jocari in qd ; qd cavillari; per ludinrium exprobrare ci qd. BANTER, s. irrisio ; derisio (very lute, Arnob. Lac- tanl.) (derisus, Post-Aug.). — caviilatio; ludibrium ; ludus ; jocus : to be the subject of aby's b., ci ludibrio esse. BANTLING, infans ; pusio, onis, m. BAPTISM, baptisma, atis, n. (/StlnTta/ia), or Latin- ized, baptismum (Eccl.).— {pure Lat.). *sancta lavatio. Register of b., *tabula2, in quas inf'antium, qui sacris Christianis initiati sunt, nomina referuntur.— Certifi- cate ofb., see Baptismal. BAPTISMAL, ad baptismum pertinens. B. font, baptisterium. — b. name, praenomen. — b. certificate, *literae, quae qm sacris Christianis initiatum esse tes- tantur. — to give a b. certificate, *ci Uteris testari, eum sacris Christianis initiatum esse; or (if the date is the point) »ci Uteris testari, quo die sacris Christianis ini- tiatus fuerit. BAPTIST, baptista, ae, m. ((S BAR BAS _ BARELY, vix ac ne vix quidem (aicpifiw? nat p.6\ts) : vix aegreque (xa\eiru>s kcu fioAis). BARENESS, Crcl. by adj. under Bare, for nuditas is found but once (Q. 10, 2, 23), and is there a doubtful reading. || Leanness, macies (as a condition). — ma- critas (as a quality). || Poverty, paupertas; egestas. BARGAIN, pactum ; pactio. To make a b. with aby, pacisci cum qo ; pactionem facere, or conficere, cum qo. — to make a good b. ( = pur chase), bene or recte emere : to make a bad b., male emere : to give into the b., *gratis addere : not to stick to one's b., ab emptione abire or recedere (Ulp. Dig. 2, 14, 7, § 6) : to be a good hand at a b., ad suum questum callere. BARGAIN, v. pacisci cum qo; pactionem facere or conficere cum qo. BARGE, actuariolum; lenutfculus; scapha ; navi- cula; navigiolum. BARGEMAN, navicularius ; portitor. BARK, || The rind of a tree, cortex (the exterior); liber (the inner). — to live on the b. of trees, cortice ex arboribus vivere. ^Peruvian bark, *cortex Peru- vianus, or febriftigus. — the b.-tree, «cinchona (Linn.). || A small ship, or v ess el, scapha and cymba (of the broader sort); linter (long and narrow, like a canoe. Dod.). || Of a dog, latratus. His b. is ivorse than his bite, (canis timidus) vehementius latrat quam niordet (Prov. Curt. 7, 4, 7). BARK, v. || To strip trees of bark, decorticare, or delibrare arbores. \\ Like a dog, baubari (to utter the natural sound of dogs) ; latrare (in a hostile manner) : latratus edere ; gannire applies to the 'bow-wow' of a little dog. Hence, figuratively, latrare means to wrangle, and gannire to chatter. (Dodcrlein's Hand-book, p. 121.) To bark at, qm latrare (poet.). allatrare ( Post Aug.). BARLEY, hordgum.— of b., hordeaceus : b.-bread, panis hordeaceus : afield of b., *ager hordeo consitus : b.-corn, granum hordei : b.-meal, farina hordeacea ; farina hordei : b. -sugar, *alphanicum : b.-broth, pti- sana (quae fit ex hordeo understood. Plin. 22, 25, 66).— ptisanarium (Hor. Sat. 2, 3, 155).— b. water, hordeum in potum resolutum (Plin. 18, 7, 12, No. 3. § 68). BARM, \\Leaven, fermentum faecibus zythi ex- pressum. BAR-MAID, ministra cauponae (Rescript of Con- stantine ; Cod. Just. 9, 9, 29). BARN, horreum.— B.-fioor, area. BARNACLE, \\Akind of sea-fowl, anser mari- nus. || A farrier's instrument, postbmis, idis, /. [\ A sort of spectacles, *perspicillum : b.'s had not yet been invented, *nondum oculi arte adjuti erant. BAROMETER, *barometrum ; *tubus Torricelli- anus. fistula Torricelliana (* /3ap6p.eTpov). BARON, *baro; *liber baro. BARONESS, *baronis uxor; *baronissa. BARONY, *baronatus, us, m.—To create a baron, *baronis dignitate ac nomine ornare. BARONET, *baronettus. BARONETAGE, *baronetti nomen ac dignitas. BARRACK, tugurium castrense ; contubernium. BARREL, seria (a long cask).— dolium (a round cask), orca. — cupa. cadus. — Wine fm the b. or cask, vinum de cupa. || Of a gun, *sclopeti tubus. || A cylinder, cylindrus. BARREL, v. in dolium infundere. BARREN, infecundus (in reference to procreative power; also to the soil: opp. feeundus). — sterilis (in reference to productive power, what bears no fruit ; also of the soil, of the year: opp. fertilis, and [in reference to the soil] opimus. fig in reference to the female sex). BARRENNESS, sterilitas (opp. fertilitas). BARRICADE, or BARR1CADO, munimentum; septum; claustrum. BARRICADE, v. obstruere (to stop the passage by placing things in a row). — oppilare (by raising piles or some such things). — intersepire (by a fence). — operibus et munitinnibus sepire. fig. praecludere. BARRIER, cancelli. — septa, orum. — fines, termini. — To go beyond the b.'s, extra cancellos egredi; fines transire : to break through the b.'s, in septa irrumpere : not to overstep the b.'s of modesty, fines verecundiae non transire. BARRISTER, causarum actor; causidicus. patro- nus causae. — To become a b., ad causas et privatas et publicas adire ; attingere forum ; coepit qs in foro esse. —a noisy, blustering b., rabula de foro; rabula latra- torque : to be a b., causas agere, actitare ; causas dicere in foro; versari in foro: to employ a b., adoptare sibi patron um; deferre causam ad pationum : the occupa- tion of a b., opera forensis, causidicatio; advocatio; (64) patrocinium : a b.'s fee, *merces advocati; honorarium causidici. BARROW, || A vehicle moved by the hand, ferculum; vehiculum trusatile. \\ A mound, tumu- lus; grumus (tumulus, like 6x&os, means either a natural or artificial elevation ; grumus, only an artificial ele- vation, like %wp.o.). \A hog, verres castratus ; ma- jalis. BARTER, v. intr.) mutare res inter se (g. t.). — mutare or permutare merces. — mutare or permutare qd.— with aby, res mutare cum qo (g. t.) ; merces mutare cum qo : do you wish to b. ? vin' commutemus? — TR.)commutare qd : one thing for another, mutare qd qa re or (mly) cum qa re ; permutare qd qa re. BARTER, s. mutatio; permutatiomercium. mutatio ementium (the b. of persons making purchases in this way. T.). To purchase by b., res inter se mutare; emere (singula) non pecunia sed compensatione mer- cium. To introduce traffic by b., res inter se mutare instituere. BASALT, basaltes (Plin.). BASE, illiberalis (unworthy of a gentleman).— a\>- jectus (despicable). — turpis (shameful). — improbus (un- principled). — fcedus (abominable). A b. design, fcedum consilium. \\Base-born, nullo patre natus ; incerto patre natus; spurius; nothus (votios, bom out of wed- lock: opp. justa uxore natus; legitimus); adulterino sanguine natus. \\ Of base ex traction, humili or ignobili, obscuro or tenui loco ortus ; humili fortuna, ortus : of the basest extraction, infiinae conditionis et fortunae ; infimus ; sordido loco ortus; infimi ordinis or generis ; infimae sortis. \\Base coin, nummi or numi adulterini : to make b. coin, pecunias vitiare (Ruirop. 9, 14); monetam adulterinam exercere ( Ulp. Dig. 48, 13, 6, § 1); numos adulterinos percutere (Suet. Ner. 25). BASE, basis; fundamentum. \\ Pedestal, stylo- bates (o-n/Xo/SaTr)?). ||0/ a m o u n t a i n, radices raon- tis {not pes montis). BASELY, illiberaliter ; abjecte et sine dignitate; turpiter; turpiter et nequiter: fcede. To act b. towards aby, turpiter in qm esse malevolum. — I'd rather do athg than act b., extimesco, ne quid turpiter faciam. BASEMENT (of a building), f'undamenta (pi.). BASENESS, illibaralitas; animus abjectus ; im- prohitas; ignavia; nequitia. BASENET. See Helmet. BASHAW, satrapes or satrapa; prasfectus ; pur- puratus. BASHFUL, pudens; pudicus; verecundus; pudi- bundus. fli^" pudicus and pudens denote an habitual feeling; pudibundus a temporary state. Dod. [Syn. in Bashfulness.] BASHFULLY, pudenter, verecunde; modeste. BASHFULNESS, pudor (g. t. as a sense of honour, both as a preventive feeling and as shame for having done athg disgraceful). — pudicitia (natural shame, aver- sion to be exposed to the gaze of others, and its fruit chaste sentiment; bashfulness). — verecundia (dread of doing athg that will make us feel ashamed before those whom we respect). Jn. pudor et verecundia i pudicitia et pudor ; pudor pudicitiaque. [See Shame.] BASIL (a plant), ocimum (Plin.). BASILISK, basiliscus. BASIN, pelvis.— aqualis (for washing) : aquae manale (for the hands. Varr. : in later writers, aquiminale, aquiminarium. Pand.).— malluvium (at a sacrifice, for the hands. Paul. Fest.).— labrum ; crater (for the re- ception of spring-water): navale (for ships). \\ Small pond, piscina, piscinula. || Reservoir, castellum, dividiculum (whence it was carried by pipes, §c.). || Core, sinus (maris or maritimus). BASIS. See Base. BASK, apricari. BASKET, corbis (g. t., esply a larger sort of b. in husbandry for collecting fruits : corbis messoria). — fiscus (a wicker b. for holding money).— qualus or qua- lum (a closely-compacted wicker-b. of a conical shape, through which oil and must were strained: it also served other purposes in husbandry). — quasillus (a lady's workb.). — canistrum (Ktivaarpov or Kavrjr, a b. for bread, fruits, fyc.).— calathus (ndhaOos, a b. for wool or flowers in the form of an open lily).— sporta (a hand-b. made of broom, rushes, or willow ; served, according to Ascon. ad Cic. 1 Verr. 8, p. 280, ed. Schiitz, also to hold money).— panarium (bread-b.).— scirpea (made of rushes). A little b., corbicula. corbula. — fiscella. fis- cellus. — quasillus. — sportula ; sportella (in these spor- tulae theclients at the sumptuous banquets of rich patrons received their portions). BAS BAW BASKET-MAKER, *corbium textor ; *qui corbes ex vimine facit ; *qui corbes virgis contexit. BASKET-WOMAN, gerula (Post-aug.). BASS, |i In music. A b. voice, vox gravis or ima.(t); sonus gravis. — deep b, sonus gravissimus: to sing a b., voce ima canere (t): a b. viol, *fides gra- vioris soni : a player on the b. viol, *gravioris soni fidicen: b. notes, *notae vocis ima». \\ A mat of straw or rushes, storea or storia ; matta. BASS-RELIEF (sculpture, the figures of which do not stand out in their full proportion), protypon (opp. ectypon, full relief. Ptin. 35, 12, 43). — toreuma, atis, re. (Topev/ia) or pure Lat. ccelatura, or ccelatum opus. BASSOON, *giugrina major. BASTARD, nullo patre natus. incerto patre natus. spurius (the offspring of an unknown father and a prostitute : opp. certus).— pellice ortus. nothus (voOos, of a known father and a concubine : opp. justa uxoie natus; legitimus. Spald. Quint. 3, 6, 97).— adulter ino sanguine natus (/jloixmos. where there is a violation of the marriage-contract. Plin. 7, 2, 2). BASTE, || To beat soundly, verberibus caedere; verberibus castigare ; verberibus or flagris implere; male mulcare; verberibus subigereo/- irrigare (comic) ; verberibus mulcare: with a stick, ci fustem impingere: qm fuste coercere (H., for the purpose of keeping him in order). || To baste or besprinkle, perfundere. — conspergere. — rigare ; irrigare; instillare qd ci rei. || To sew slightly, praesuere (Plin. 12, 19, end). BASTINADO. To inflict the b. on aby, cs plantas virgis verberare (Cic. Verr. 5, 43, 112). — There is no L at. substantive exactly corresponding to ' bastinado :' ictus fustis or fustium (T.) is the nearest. BASTION, propugnaculura (bulwark); castellum (Cces. B. G. i. 8, Herz.). BAT, \\ A winged animal, vespertilio. \\ A sort of club, clava; fustis. BATCH. Of the same b., ejusdem generis (of the same kind).— ejusdem farinae (equally bad: aft. Pers. 5, 115). BATE, tr.) \]Lessen, minuere. imminuere. demi- nuere qd, or qd de qa re. extenuare. levare. sub- levare. elevare. remittere qd or de qa re. [Syn. in Lessen.] To b. one's breath, spiritum retinere. ani- mam comprimere. \\Lessen the price of athg, fyc, detrahere qd de qa re (e. g. de tota pecunia quin- quagesimam partem). — deducere, detrabere qd de summa. — deductionem, decessionemde pecunia facere: to b. 10 per cent, *remissionemcentesimarum denarum facere: not to b. a farthing, nullum nuraum cuiquam oeducere. intr.) || Minui. se minuere : also minuere only. — imminui (to be lessened inwardly). — remitti, se remittere and remittere only (to leave off: of rain, cold, a fever, $c.).— levari, suidevari (to be lightened).— leniri, mitigari (to be softened). Anger abates, ira defervescit. BATH, || Place for bathing: balineum or bal- neum, pi. balineee or balneae, seldom (with Cic. never) balinea or balnea : the pi. is used when the bathing-place consists of several rooms, and therefore more particu- larly applies to public b.'s. The divisions of the balinea were:— cella frigidaria, or frigidarium, for cold bathing ; cella tepidaria, or tepidarium. where the water was luke- warm; cella caldaria, or caldarium, for a warm b. ; sudatorium, or su latio, or assa, orum, re. a sweating- room heated by steam, — balnearia, orum, n. (private bathing-places in gardens and villas. Cic. Alt. 13, 29, 2. Cic. Qu. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 1).— therms (magnificent public edifices erected by the emperors, in which were the balnese, fencing rooms, and walks). — lavatio (a place for bathing: in later times, lavacrum). — To heal the b., balineum calefacere : to take a b., lavatum ire in balneas; in balneum ire, ambulare: to take a cold b., ad frigidam exire ; frigida lavari : to take a vapour b., ad flammam sudare (Suet. Oct. 82). |l Bathing; lavatio; lotio; lotus; usus aquarum (as a m-ans of health):— lavatio frigida, calida; lavatio frigidae, c^lidae aquae: to get ready for the b., balineo praeparari. || A bath-keeper, balneator; balneatrix (Petron. ; Serv. Virg.JEn. 12, 159). BATHE, v. tr.) lavare. — abluere — qm lavare ; qm demittere in balneum : in lukewarm water, qm im- mittere in tepidam.— impr.) to b. with tears, lacrimis lavare qd (e.g. a letter, tabellas. Plaut. Pseud. 1, 1, 8. — the face, vultum. Ovid. Met. 9, 679). v. inth.) spoliatio, orbatio. BERGAMOT (pear), pirum Falernum. BERRY, bacca, baccula (little b.): acinus (nf those wch grow in clusters). — Bay b., bacca lauri. Blackb., morum rubi, rubum. Bilberry plant, vaccinium myr- tillus (Linn.): the b., bacca myrtilli. Bearing b.'s, baccatus, baccalis. (74) BERYL, beryllus; chrysoberyllus (golden b.). BESEECH, implorare, obsecrare, obtestari, expos- cere, supplicare, orare. BESEEM, decere qm, convenire ci. See Become. BESET, obsidere, circum sedere, obsidionem (urbi) inferre, operibus cingere, oppugnare, oppugnatione premere, circumvenire. — 1| Harass, vex, vexare, agi- tare, exagitare. To b. with entreaties, precibus fati- gare ; with letters, inquiries, obtundere Uteris, rogi- tando. — ]| Embarrass, in angusuas pellere or com- pellere; urgere, premere; includere (esply in a debate). — To be ha/d b., in angustias adductuni esse, in an- gustiis esse or versari. Very hard b., ad extremum redactus. in ultimum discrimen adductus (ad incitas redactus, an old expr. of common life in Plant., brought again into use by late writers). BESHREW, exsecrari qm or in qm, male precari ci. B. me, dii me perdant. BESIDE, \ prep, (nigh to, by the side of), juxta, BESIDES, J prope, propter, secundum, praeter ; ad latus cs. To sit b. one, ad cs latus sedere. To walk b. one, a latere cs incedere. To recline b. one, ci accu- bare. Two sons lying b. their father, duo filii propter patrem cuban tes. The princes stood b. the king, prin- cipes adstabant regi. To build b. the river, secundum flumen aedificare. — \\ Except, praeter (in neg. sent.: in ajfirmat. = besides this).— extra. — nisi, praeterquam. (See Except.) Nobody thinks so b. myself, hoc nemini praeter me videtur.— 1| Not according to, from, ab. B. the purpose, ab re. This is b. the subject, hoc nihil ad rem. — 1| To be b. himself, sui or mentis non compotem esse, non compotem esse animo (e. g. prae gaudio, for j«y); non apud se esse, mente captum esse. BESIDE, l adv. praeterea, ad hoc, ad haec, secun- BESIDES, J dum ea, accedit, accedit quod, hue ac- cedit quod, insuper, ultra, porro. — B. that, praeterquam quod, super quam quod. There were mai.y things b. which fyc, multa erant praeter haec, quae &c. Except the captain and a few b., extra ducem paucosque prae- terea. And then b., the dowry is lost, turn praeterea, dos periit. And b., my wife would hear of it, atque id porro uxor mea rescisceret. B. being old, he was also blind, ad senectutem accedebat etiam, ut caecus esset. B., I love my father, accedit quod patrem amo. BESIEGE, obsidere (lay siege to), obsidionem (urbi) infe-rre, operibus cingere: hold in blockade, obsidere, in obsidione habere or tenere. The besieged, obsessi, circumsessi, obsidione pressi. BESIEGER, obsessor, obsidens (one who blockades); oppugnator (who attacks, storms a city). BESMEAR, linere, oblinere, perlinere, ungere, per- ungere. — |§p" linere, to cover with a sticky, adhesive substance: ungere, to cover, fyc. with a greasy, oily substance. BESOM, scopae. BESOT, infatuare, occaecare. — Besotted, fatuus, vecors, socors; amens, demens. BESPATTER, aspergere qa re, or aspergere qd ci. — Bespattered with mud, luto aspersus (H.). BESPEAK, curari or accurari jubere ; mandare. — || Forebode, portendere. — 1| Indicate, indicare, in- dicio or indicium esse, significare. BESPEW, convomere. BESPIT, conspuere, consputare. BESPREAD, spargere, conspergere ; sternere, con- sternere. BESPRINKLE, spargere, conspergere. BEST, optimus (gen.); pulcberrimus (finest); jucun- dissimus, suavissimus (most agreeable) ; laetissimus (most joyful) ; excellentissimus, praestantissimus (most distinguished, most perfect); saluberrimus {most whole- some) ; commodissimus (most suitable, convenient) ; utilissimus (most profitable). — The b. (of) meal, flos farinas. The b. of the youth, flos (ac robur) juventutis. The b. years (of life), flos aetatis, aetas florens. Things are not in the b. state, haud laeta est rerum facies. To the b. of my remembrance, ut nunc maxime memini, ut mea memoria est. To the b. oj my power, pro viri- bus; quantum in me situm est; ut potero. What think you is b. to be done? quid faciendum censes? They knew not what teas b. to do, nesciebant, quid praestaret. To do his b., summa ope anniti ; onini ope atque opera eniti, ut &c. ; nihil inexpertum omittere. It is b. for you to be silent, eptime tacueris. To put the b. con- struction upon, in meliorem (mitiorem) partem acci- pere or interpretari. To make the b. of every thing, lucrum undecumque captare, utilitatem in omnibus rebus sectari. My b. friend! optime ! carissime ! At b., summum, ad summum, quum plurimum. — \\Best, adv. optime, &c. B. of all (chiefiy), potissime, potis- EES BEW 8imum. B., beyond comparison, tarn bene, ut nihil supra. BESTIAL. See Beastly, Brutal. BESTIR one's self, movere se {of the body) ; ex- pergisci; omnes nervos intendere. — Not to b. one's self (sit idle), desidem sedere. Not to b. one's self much in a thing, levi brachio agere qd. BESTOW {confer, give), dare, tribuere, conferre, im- p°rtire, donare, dono dare, largiri : a benefit upon one, bsnefieium collocare apud qm, ci dare or tribuere, con- ferre in qm : rich presents on one, muneribus magnis cumulare qm. — 1| Lay out, apply, insumere, im- pendere, consumere, locare, collocare, conferre : time on something, tempus conterere, consumere in re : care, diligence on something, in qa re diligentiam ad- hibere, industriam locare, studium collocare : time well, tempus bene locare or collocare: money better, pecuniain melius insumere. — 1| Give (a woman) in marriage, collocare in matrimonium, collocare ; nuptiim dare, locare or collocare. To b. oneself {of a woman), ci nubere ! (of a man), qm ducere in matri- monium or ducere. — 1| Place, lay, put away, po- nere, reponere, condere; inferre. BESTRIDE, cruribus divaricatis super qd stare. — \\Step over, transgredi : the threshold, intrare limen. BET, s. sponsio (the wager) ; pignus (the stake). To make a b., sponsionem facere (with one, cum qo). To win a b., sponsionem or sponsione vincere. To lay any b., quovis pignore certare. BET, v. sponsionem facere (cum qo), pignore certare or contendere (cum qo). To b. something, qd in pignus dare. Say what you will b. me, tu die, quo pignore meeum certes. BETAKE himself to anyplace, se conferre qo, petere locum, capessere locum ; concedere qo (retire to a place) ; ire, proficisci qo (go, travel any whither). — to a person, se conferre, accedere ad qm ; adire, convenire qm : to the country, rus ire, concedere rus. He betook himself to Argos to dwell there, Argos habitatum con- cessit. \\Fly to, have recourse to, fugere, con- fugere, perfugere, refugere, ad or in locum ; se reci- pere qo (to retreat to) : a person or thing, perfugere, confugere, refugere ad qm or qd ; cs rei perfugio uti. — || Apply to, se conferre ad qd, animum ad qd atten- dere, adjicere, applicare; cogitationes ad qd dirigere, ad or in qd intendere. BETHINK himself, reminisci cs rei or qd; memo- riam rei repetere, revocare ; res milri redit in raemo- riam; venit mihi in mentem res, rei, de re; resipiscere, ad se redire. se colligere. To b. himself better, senten- tiam mutare; a sua sententia discedere; pcenitet; consilium mutare. BETIDE. See Befall. BETIMES, mature, tempestive. — || Soon, brevi (tempore), mox. jam jamque. |j B. in the morning, bene mane. BETOKEN, indicare, indicium or indicio esse, sig- nilicare. || Fore token, portendere, praenuntiare, cs rei esse, praenuntium. BETRAY (to enemies), prodere, tradere. \\ Leave in the lurch, destituere. || Reveal, disclose, pro- dere (as, crimen, vultu, conscios, furem); enuntiare (as commissa : to one, ci) ; deferre qd or de qa re (as an informer; to one, ad qm); proferre (as, secreta animi, consilia). To b. oneself, se prodere. Your voice b.'s you, te voce noscito, te ex voce cognosco. — || To be the mark of, esse (with gen.). It b.'s a dull brain, to #c, est tardi ingenii (with infin.). \\To lead away, qm in or ad aiiquam rem inducere, illicere, pellicere. BETRAYAL, \ proditio (act of treachery); delatio BETRAYING, ] (act of an informer). BETRAYER, proditor. BETROTH, spondere ci aiiquam, despondere ci aii- quam (despondere is used also of the father of the man. Terent. And. i. 1, 75). To b. one's self, sponsalia facere : to a woman, despondere sibi aiiquam. To be betrothed to a man, ci desponderi. She was already betrothed to the youth, jam destinata erat juveni. A man, betrothed, desponsus (desponsatus is Post-class, in Suet. and. rare), sponsus. (A woman) betrothed to a man, sponsa, desponsa ci. The parties betrothed, sponsi. To whom Lavinia wis betrothed, cui Lavinia pacta fuerat. To b. a person to aby, despondere qm ci. BETTER (as to the outward sense), melior ; pul- chrior (more beautiful); jucundior, suavior (more agree- able) ; laetior (more joyful). B. times, tempora lsetiora, feliciora: weather, *tempestas laetior, *ccelum mitius. || In respect of the nature, destination, object, and also the use, of a thing, melior: potior, superior; (75) praestantior, praestabilior ; opportunior, commodior, magis idoneus (more suitable, convenient) ; salubrior (more wholesome); utilior (more useful, profitable). — a b. season, commodius anni tempus : to be b. as a soldier, than as a politician, meliorem esse bello, quam pace : to choose a b. place for his camp, magis idoneum locum castris deligere. To be b. in something than another, vincere, superare, praestare qm qa re. To make b., compere (of correcting what is altogether wrong and faulty); emendare [of removing whatever faults athg may have). See to Better. We are b. off, meliore sumus conditione, meliore lo< o sunt res nos- tra?. It is b., melius or satius est, praestat. To have a b. opinion of one, aequius, benignius, judicare de qo. — \\In a moral view, melior, potior, praestabilior. — To be b., meliorem, pragferendum esse; pra?stare, antecellere. To become b., meliorem fieri, ad bonam frugem se recipere, se colligere, in viam redire. || A s to health, 8fc., melior. — i" Urn b., melius mihi fit; melius me habeo; meliuscule (somewhat b.) mihi est. i" am getting b., convalesco (ex morbo) ; melior no; sanitatcm recipio ; ex incommoda valetudine emergo. || The better (the advantage, superiority). The Romans had the b. in the less important battles, parvis prceliis Romana res superior erat. To get, have the b., qm vincere, superare; superiorem fieri; superiorem or victorem discedere ; superiorem fieri bello (in the war). The patricians had the b. of it, victoria penes patres erat. Anger had the b. of pity, plus ira quam misericordia valebat. BETTER, v. melius facere or efficere, corrigere (to correct what is all wrong), emendare (to remove the faults of what is partially wrong). To b. his ways, mores suos mutare, in viam redire, ad bonam frugem se recipere : his circumstances, amplificare fortunam, augere opes. His circumstances are bettered, ejus res sunt meliore loco. That may be bettered, emendabilis, sanabilis. Past bettering, insanabilis. \\ Advance, augere, ampliorem facere. ampliare rem (H.). BETTER, adv. melius, &c. Somewhat b., meli- uscule. || At a better pace, citius. The thing begins to go on b., res melius ire incipit. To attend b., diligen- tius attendere. To think b. of one, aequius, benignius judicare de qo. To know b., rectius scire, nosse, in- telligere. To get on b., citius progredi (of a person's progress). — res melius ire incipit (of an undertaking). BETTERS, superiores loco or dignitate, or superiores. BETTOR, qui pignore contendit or certat. BETWEEN, inter. B. the city and the Tiber, inter urbem ac Tiberim. B. hope and fear, inter spem me- tumque. \\Also by other turns of expression: b. the armies lay a bridge, pons in medio erat. To see all above, beneath, b., omnia supera, infera, media videre. A plain lies b. the city and the river, planities urbem et fluvium dirimit. A space b., intervallum, spatium interjectum; tempus interjectum. The nose set b. the eyes, nasus oculis interjectus. There is a friendship b.you and him, tibi cum illo amicitia est; interceditilli tecum amicitia : there is a likeness b. its, inter nos similes sumus. Many words passed b. us, multa verba ultro citroque habita sunt. To make a distinction b. two things, duas res discernere. B. ourselves, quod inter nos liceat dicere : this is b. ourselves, haec te tecum habeto ; hoc tibi soli dictum puta. BEVERAGE, potus, potio. BEVIL, slope, obliquitas. BEVY, grex. || Company, caferva, circulus, grex, globus. BEWAIL, TR.)deplorare. deflere (the former express- ing more of passionate sorrow). — lamentari (of a long continued wailing: qd also like our 'lament:' e.g. cs caecitatem) — aegre or acerbe ferre. dolere. lugere (grieve for, fyc ). — complorare (of several). To b. aby's death, deflere, complorare cs mortem; de morte cs flere ; cs morti illacrimari ; cs mortem cum fletu de- plorare : to b. the living as well as the dead, complorare omnes pariter vivos mortuosque: one's own and one's country's calamities, deplorare se patriamque (cf. L. 2, 40) : one's misfortune, deplorare de suis incommodis. || is'tr.) flere. plorare. BEWARE, cavere (sibi), praecavere. If you are wise, you will b. of him, si sapis, ilium cavebis. To b. that one does not hurt you; to b. of aby, cavere qm. You must b. of him, tibi ab isto cavendum. B. how you believe, cave credas. They b. of something, cavetur qd. B. what you do, vide quid agas. B. of an inquisi- tive person, percunctatorem fugito. BEWILDER. See Perplex. BEWITCH, fascinare, effascinare (prop, by 'an evil eye,' fascinus : then also by words and other means BEW BIN ivch should be expressed, visu, lingua, voce atque lin- I gua); incantare (by spells: first in Appul., for incantati lapilli in Hor. has not this meaning). An eye bewitches my lambs, oculus mini fascinat agnos. || fig. capere, rapere, delinire, permulcere: of bewitching beauty (puella, &c), cujus forma rapit (aft. Prop. 2, 26, 44), or *pulchritudine, forma, venustate insignis. BEWRAY. See Betray, Show. BEYOND (with motion in a certain direction), trans ; super. To go b., transire, transgredi. \\On the other side, trans; ultra {prep, and adv.). One that is b., qui trans qd est, ulterior. I was b. sea, trans mare fui. B. this villa is another, ultra hauc villam est alia. B. the sea, trans mare, transmarinus. — \\More than, above, supra; plus, amplius. B. ten thousand, supra decern millia, amplius decern millia. There is nothing b. wisdom, sapientia nihil praestantius. To honour a7iy one b. all others, qm primo loco habere, ponere; qm prseter ceteros omnes colere. B. due measure, supra modum. B. what is sufficient, ultra quam satis est: is credible, supra quam credibile est. To go b. (surpass, excel), superare, praestare, ante- cellere. Nothing can go b., nihil ultra potest, nihil potest supra or supra potest. Bo not aim at what is b. your reach, ne sutor ultra crepidam. B. his strength, supra vires. To go b. his strength, vires excedere. B. all doubt, sine ulla dubitatione. Splendid b. descrip- tion, supra quam ut describi possit eximius. BIAS, momentum. || Inclination, inclinatio animi or voluntatis. A b. towards athg, inclinatio ingenii, animi, &c, in qd (aft. Sen. inclinatio ingeni- orum in quaedam vitia). BIAS, v. inclinare se. To be biassed in favour of the Stoics {to incline to their side), inclinare se ad Stoi- cos. Biassed in favour of the Carthaginians, ad Pcenos inclination The judge is biassed in our favour, judex inclinatione voluntatis propendet in nos. To be biassed (prejudiced), opinione praejudicata duci. BIB, s. (for a child's breast), cinctus or fascia pec- toralis infantum. BIB, v. || To drink, potare, bibere; sorbillare(«'p). Always bibbing, bibax. BIBBER, potor, potator. BIBLE, iiterae sanctae, divinae; libri divini ; arcanae sanctae religionis Iiterae (Lact.). — biblia, pi. (modern kit.). BIBULOUS, bibulus. BICKER, minutis prceliis inter se pugnare. velitari (Prce-class. : nescio quid vos velitati estis inter vos duos Plaut.). |i Quarrel, inter se altercari, rixari, jurgiis certare. convicio decertare. || Quiver, corus- care, tremere. BICKERING, proelium leve, levius, parvulum; pugna concursatoria, procursatio. — brawl, jurgium, rixa. BID, || Invite, in vitare or vocare : to supper, invi- tare or vocare qm (ad ccenam) : to my house, qm invito domum meam. ^Command, order, jubere, impe- rare, praecipere, dicere, mandare. If you would have done as I bade you, si meum imperium exsequi volu- isses. You had best do as I b. you, tu fac ut dixi, si sapis. Do as he shall b. you, quod imperabit, facito. Run and b. the ivoman come hither, curre, mulierem arcesse. || To bid at a sale, licere, licitari, licitati- onem facere. To b. agst one, qo licente contra liceri. To b. an as, liceri asse. To b. upon, qd liceri.— fig. to b. fair, promittere qm or qd ; spem facere, dare cs rei ; qd sperare jubere, bene de se sperare jubere. || Proclaim, pronuntiare. \\ Denounce, denuntiare. JB. defiance to a person, provocare qm (challenge); contumacem esse in qm ; ci resistere: a thing, contu- macem esse adversus qd (e. g. imperia patris) ; contu- maciter spernere (e. g. imperia validiorum) ; contemnere qd (e. g. omnia jura humana) ; obviam ire ci rei, se offerre ci rei (e. g. periculis). || / b. one welcome, qm salvere jubeo, ci salutem do, benigne qm excipio. To b. good morrow, saluto, salvere jubeo. BIDDER, vocator; licitator, licens. BIDDING, invitatio; jussus, jussum, imperium, imperatum; licitatio; pronuntiatio, &c. BIER, feretrum; lectica (for the rich), sandapila (for the poor). BIESTINGS (first milk after calving), colostrum, colostra. BIG, magnus (without any accessory notion : opp. parvus) — grandis (with the accessory notion of strength and grandeur : opp. exllis, minutus, exiguus, &c). — amplus (with Ike notion of comeliness, making an im- posing impression). — ingens (unnaturally large, huge). — immanis (fearfully large). — vastus (so large as to be (70) deficient in regularity of form). — Jn. vastus et im- manis. amplus et grandis.— spatiosus (roomy).— pro- cerus (tall, but only of things that grow). As b. as, instar (with genit.). The epistle was as b. as a book, instar voluminis erat epistola. To be as b. as something else, complere magnitudinem cs rei. This gown is too b. forme, haec toga major est quam pro corpore meo. Somewhat b., subgrandis. Very b , permagnus, per- grandis : hugely so, ingens : immoderately so, prae- grandis : monstrously so, vastus, immanis. A b. man, homo magni corporis, homo grandis, homo procerus. That has a b. head, nose, capito, naso. Grown b., adultus, grandis. To grow b., pubescere. — Somewhat bigger, grandiusculus. Bigger cups, scyphi capaciores. || Pregnant, gravida, praegnans. Clouds b. with rain, gravidae nubes, graves imbre nubes : the south wind is b. with showers, notus parturit imbres. A day b. with fate, dies fatalis. || Full, plenus, gravis. || Swollen (as with rage, fyc), tumens, tumidus. — 1| Puffed up, tumid, tumens, tumidus, turgidus, inflatus. B. talk, verborum tumor, oratio infiata, ampullae ; jactatio, ven- ditatio. B. looks, supercilium graude. BIGAMY, *bigamia. BIGHT, of a rope, or a bay, sinus. BIGNESS, magnitudo, amplitudo, crassitude BIGOT, homo superstitiosus. BIGOTED, superstitiosus. BIGOTRY, nimia et superstitiosa religio. BILBERRY, baca myrtilli: plant, vaccinium myr- tillus. BILE, bilis. Full of b., biliosus. A bilious fever, febris ex bile redundante nata, febris biliosa. \\ Sore, ulcus, furunculus. BILGE-WATER, sentina. BILL (of a bird), rostrum. Little b., rostellum. BILL, v. rostrum conserere rostro. || To bill and coo (of persons), columbatim labra conserere labris. See to Coo. BILL, \\A hook, falx, falx rostrata. \\Battle- axe, bipennis. BILL, || Roll, index (gen.); numeri (of soldiers) : of account, index mercium emptarum, libellus ratio- narius, tabella rationaria: present a b., inferre ratio- nem. A b. of fare, index ciborum : of divorce, Iiterae quibus repudium remittitur: to send one, ci nuntium or repudium remittere : of exchange, syngrapba. A b. payable at sight, syngrapha, quag praesens or praesenti die debetur, or pecunia, quae ex syngrapba praesens or praesenti die debetur : a b. payable at twenty-one days, syngrapha, cui dies vicesima prima apposi'.a est, or quae in diem vicesimam primam debetur (all aft. Mart. Dig. 20, 1, 13 : si dies apposita legato non est, praesens debetur. Ulp. 45, 1, 4 ; quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die pecunia debetur. Paul. 7, 1, 4 ; quod vel praesens vel ex die dari potest). B. of indictment, libellus. B.'s of mortality, indices mor- tuorum. || Proposed law, rogatio, lex. To bring in a b., legem or rogationem ferre : to pass it, rogationem or legem accipere ; legem sciscere (of the people) : to carry it through, rogationem or legem perferre : to re- ject it, legem or rogationem antiquare. BILLET, epistolium, codicilli ; libellus (esply of the emperor). B.-doux, 'tabellae amatorie scriptae, tabellae blandae, epistola blanda. || Ticket for quarters, •tessera hospitii militaris. \\Log of wood, lignum, lignum fis>um. BILLET, v. *tessera hospitii militem donare; milites per hospitia disponere. To b. his soldiers upon the totvns, milites per oppida dispertire, in oppidis collocare. BILL-HOOK, falx. BILLOW, fluctus. BILLOWY, fluctuosus. BIND, || Chain, fetter, colligare, vincire, constrin- gere. !gb^ ligare, copulare, to b. for the purpose c/ keeping together. — vincire = coercere, to b. for the pur- pose of hindering free movement : so nectere in the old times of the Republic; afterwards, with the stronger nexare, to entwine, 8fc, e. g. Mores, coronam. — one with fetters, chains, qm vinculis colligare, catenis vincire, vinculis or catenis constringere. To b. one hand and foot, quadrupedem qm constringere. — fig. to bind up (tie the hands of), qm circumscribere ; qm coercere. \\ Fasten, tie, ligare, alligare, deligare, illigare ; astringere ; revincire: a handkerchief about the neck, ligare sudarium circum collum. To b. one to the stake, qm alligare ad palum. To b. one's hands behind his back, manus religare, manus illigare or religare post tergum. || Fasten together into a whole, colligare, vin- cire : the hair into a knot, crines in r.odum cogere : hay, fcenum vincire: sheaves, manipulos coLigare, via- BIN BLA cire. To b. a booJe, librum compingere. fl Cement, ligare, vincire. \\Fix, colligare. To b. a sandy soil, solum arenosum arboribus, herbis, &c, colligare. — || To b. up, alligare, deligare ; obligare : a wound, obligare, or ligare vulnus : the eye, oculum alligare. To b. up the book in one volume, librum eodem volumine complecti. My welfare is bound up in yours, tua salute continetur mea. To b. up flax into bundles, linum in fasciculos manuales colligare. \\ To in wrap, enve- lope, involvere; induereci qd. \\To connect, unite, res inter se jungere, colligare; conjungere, connectere qd cum qa re. All the virtues are bound together, omnes virtutes inter se nexae sunt. || To restrict, con- fine, astringere, obstringere: by an oath, obstringere jurejurando. To be bound (tied, confined) by something, constrictum, obstrictum esse, teneri qa re (as a vow, promise, fyc). \\ To, constrain, oblige, alligare, obligare, obstringere^ devincire. The law b.'s any one, lex tenet qm. To be bound to a fixed poetic measure, alligatum esse ad certam pedum necessi- tatem. To be bound to the observance of a league, fcedere alligatum or illigatum esse. To b. a man by an oath, qm Sacramento adigere. To b. one's self to do a thing, sc obligare ci rei (or with ut); se obstrin- gere in qd (by oath, Sacramento; to a crime, \a scelus). I am bound to do this, hoc meum est. To be bound (obliged) to one, cs benefices obligatum esse. To be bound to serve one, ci obnoxium esse. |To make costive, astringere. To b. the body, alvum astringere. — 1| To bind over, vadari. BINDER, qui ligat, colligat, illigat, &c. ; alligator. See Book-binder. BINDWEED, convolvulus (Linn.). BIOGRAPHY, vitarum scriptio or descriptio; vitse : of a man, vita cs, vitae cs descriptio et imago. BIOGRAPHER, qui vitam cs narrat, enarrat. — I am my own b., meam vitam ipse narro. BiPED, bipes. BIRCH, betula. Birchen, e betula factus. A b.-rod, virga betulae. BIRD, avis, volucris (vol. any winged animal: e. g. some insects); ales (esply a large b.); praepes (from the flight of which omens were derived) ; oscen (from whose song and note omens, fyc). A little b., avicula. The catching of b.'s, aucupium. To catch b.'s, aucupari. A b.-catcher, auceps. A b.-cage, cavea. B.-lime, viscus. B.-call, fistula aucupatoria. ' To kill two b.'s with one stone.' See Stone. — \\ Fellow, homo, homuncio. BIRTH, ||.4 coming into life, ortus. A father by b., pater natura. The hour of one's b., hora, qua q.s natus (genitus) est. From one's b. up, inde ab incunabulis. Before aby's b., ante qm natum, ante quam qs natus est. B.-day, dies quo qs natus (genitus) est; dies natalis, also natalis. • B -day present, munus natalicium. B.-place, locus quo (urbs in qua) qs geni- tus est ; urbs patria. Athens is his b.-place, natus est Athenis. — \\Origin, rise, beginning, origo, ortus, initium. — || Extraction, descent, ortus; genus; stirps. Of high b., nobili genere natus, nobili or haud obscuro loco natus. Of low ignoble b., ignobili, humili, obscuro loco natus; obscuris ortus majoribus. By b. a Tusculan, by citizenship a Roman, ortu Tusculanus, civitate Romanus. A Macedonian by b., natione Macedo. — 1| Creature born, partus; infans editus. An untimely b., abortus. — \\ A bringing forth, par- tio, partus, partura. — \\The after-birth, secundae (sc. partus). — 1| New-birth, nova generatio: but re- generate may be kept as t. t. in Theol. BI UTH-RIGHT, jus quod ex genere est.— 1| Prim o- geniture, jus tilii majoris or maximi (right of primo- geniture): prineipatus setatis (primogenitura barba- rous). — aetatis praerogativa (Ulp.). BISCUIT, buccellatum (late), panis castrensis (for soldiers) ; panis nauticus (sea-b. ).— 1| C o nfe cti oner's biscui t, panis dulciarius. BISECT, medium secare. See Halve, Half. B I SHOP,episcopus. A b.'s dignity, episcopatus (Eccl.). A b.'s crosier, lituus episcopi. Bishopric, episcopatus. BISMUTH, vismutum. BISSEXTILE year, annus intercalaris ; annus bis- sextus : day, dies intercalaris, dies bissextus, bissextum. BIT, || Of a bridle, orea. A bridle with a sharp b., frenum lupatum. BIT, v. || To b a horse, oream ori equi inserere. BIT, \\Mouthful, offa, frustum, bolus (Plaut. Ter. prae-class.), buccea (Suet.). Little b., offula. B. by b., offatim, frustatim.— || Morsel, little piece, mica, uncia; frustum. Ab. o/&r the other, causam alter in alterum confert. \\ Fault, vitium, culpa; noxia, noxa; crimen. BLAMEABLE, \ reprehendendus, vituperan- BLAMEWORTHY, J dus, reprehensione or vitu- peratione dignus; vitiosus (faulty); malus (bad). BLAMELESS, non reprehendendus, non vitupe- randus; prabus; ab omni vitio vacuus ; integer; sanc- tus. A b. course of life, summa morum probitas, vitae sanctitas. To live a b. life, sancte vivere. BLANCH, album, pallidum facere, reddere; inso- lare (to bleach in the sun). BLAND, lenis, mitis, placidus, blandus. BLANDISHMENT, blanditiae, blandimentum. BLANK, \\Not written on, inanis (gen), vacuus (which can be, or is yet to be written on), purus. — || Downcast, crushed, demissus, fractus, qui animo deficit, perculsus, profligatus : tristis, spe alienus. — \\Pale, pallidus, pallens. — \\C onfused, perturbatus, (animo) confusus. BLANK, s. charta or tabella inanis, vacua, pura; spatium inane. — \\In a lottery, sors inanis. I draw a b., sors sine lucro exit. — 1| Vain thing, res inanis, res vana. BLANK, v. qm or cs animum affligere; cs animum frangere, infringere ; cs mentem animumque pertur- bare; const^rnare, percutere. BLANKET, lodix lanea. To toss in a b., qm distentae lodici impositum in sublime jactare (aft. Suet. Oth. 2). BLASE, *a voluptario genere vitae detritus jam et retorridus (aft. Gell. 15, 30, 1). BLASPHEME, blasphemare (Eccl.); convicium facere Deo. BLASPHEMER, blasphemus (Eccl.). BLASPHEMOUS, blasphemus. BLASPHEMY, blasphemia (Hieron. Augustin.).— blasphemium ( Prudent.). — blasphematio ( Tertull. causa blasphemationis). BLAST, impetus venti ; ventus, flamen (violent blow- ing). — flatus (blowing ; also of favorable winds. — flabra, pi. gentle blowing, sts puffs of wind; poet.). — || Of an instrument, flamen; sonitus ; clangor. — \\ Stroke of a planet, #c, tactus, afflatus (e.g. solis, lunae, &c.).— 1| Of lightning, fulmen (so, the b.'s of fortune, fulmina fortunae). — In the widest sense, fulmen, ictus calamitatis, ventus, calamitas, casus ad- versus. — || Of disease, contagio. — || 0/ corn, side- ratio, robigo, uredo (mildew, smut). BLAST, v. || Ruin, delere (destroy, blot out); sub- vertere, evertere (overthrow); perdere (destroy); per- vertere. — to b. aby's reputation, ci infamiam movere ; qm infamare or diffamare ; qm variis rumoribus dif- ferre (to circulate reports against him). — to b. one's hopes, spem exstinguere. — 1| Blight, torrere, urere, adurere, robigine corrumpere, robigine or uredine afficere. — Blasted heaths, deserta et sterilia tesqua.— || Compare Blight. BLAZE, flamma; fulgor; ignis (great brightness). BLAZE, v. n. ardescere, exardescere, flammas emittere, ardere, flagrare. — |) v. a. vulgare, divulgare, pervulgare. BLAZON, *insignia gentilicia exprimere or expli- care. — \\Deck, omare, exornare. — 1| Display, in con- spectum dare ; ante oculos exponere ; oitentare. — || Spread abroad, divulgare, pervulgare; buccina- torem esse cs rei (to trumpet it); canere, cantare (v. Virg. JEn. 4, 190). — venditare, jactare (to trumpet forth one's own praises in any matter). BLEACH, insolare (to b. in the sun). — 1| Intr.) albes- cere ; exalbescere [become whitish). BLEACHER, *qui insolat lintea. BLEACHERY, locus, in quo fit insolatio (linteorum, &c), or in quo lintea, &c, purgantur et alba redduntur. BLEACHING, in the su n, insolatio. — of wax, cerae. BLEAK, frigidus, algens, algidus. [Syn. in Cold.] BLEAKNESS, frigus. (78) BLEAR.— A b. eye, oculus humore fluens; oculus lippiens (as a permanent defect). — To have b. eyes, lippire. — B.-eyed, lippus, lippiens. BLEAREDNESS, fluxio oculorum ; lippitudo (per- manent). BLEAT, balare, poet. ; balatum exercere, V. ; bala- tus dare, 0. — |j Bleating, balatus. BLEED, \\Emit blood, sanguinem fundere(o/»jera and the wound) ; sanguinem effundere or profundere : his nose b.'s, sanguis e naribus ei rluit. He has bled exceedingly, ingens vis sanguinis manavit. My heart b.'s at something, incredibilem dolorem ex qa re capio. — ci cordolium est (Prce- and post- class Plant. Appul. ). Hnw my heart bled! quantum animo vulnus accepi ! — || Let blood, sanguinem mittere ci (e. g. ex brachio). venam incidere, rescindere, secare, ferire, percutere; ci venam solvere et sanguinem mittere; ci sanguinem mittere. He does not b. freely, male sanguis emittitur. BLEEDING, \\Discharge of blood, profluvium (profusio or fluxio) sanguinis; hsemorrhagia (esply through the nose). — || Surgical, sanguinis missio, detractio. BLEMISH, \\Bodily, macula, labes (dim. labecula), naevus; vitium (deformity, defect, gen.). — 1| Moral, turpitudo, macula, vitium, labes, ignominia, nota atque ignominia, nota turpitudinis, macula sceleris, pro- brum, flagitium. BLEMISH, v. maculare, commaculare, maculis asper- gere ; deformare,turpare,corrumpere ; infuscare, foedare, inquinare, labeculam aspergere ci ; violare, laedere. To b. aby's reputation, de existimatione cs detrahere. BLENCH. See Shrink. BLEND, miscere, commiscere, confundere, permis- cere, implicare. BLESS, || Prosper, fortunare, prosperare, secun- dare (poet.), bene vertere ; felicem, beatum reddere, felicitatem dare ci; beare, magna laetitia afficere. To b. a thing to one, prosperare ci qd; fortunare ci qd. May heaven b. your labours! deus tibi (not tuos, as Muretus has it) labores fortunet ! To be blest with a son, Alio augeri. Fortune blesses our first undertaking, adspirat primo fortuna labori. — \\Bless me! maxime Jupiter ! proh Jupiter! — || Pronounce, a blessing upon, ci bene precari; qm bonis ominibus prosequi (accom- pany with blessings) : qd februare (to purify by religious rites). — 1| Praise, laudare, beatum praedicare, laudibus celebrare. BLESSED, beatus (having all physical and moral good), pius (good, holy ; the blest, pii). — 1| Fortunate, felix, fortunatus. BLESSEDLY, beate; feliciter, fauste. BLESSEDNESS, summa felicitas ; immortalitas vitae (immortality); vita beata. To live in eternal b., beatum aevo sempiterno frui. BLESSING, sollemnes preces; bona omina. To dismiss the congregation with a b., precibus sollemni- bus ccetum (sacrum) dimittere. With the b.'s of all, omnibus laeta precantibus. — \\Gift, benefit, %-c, munus, commodum, bonum, &c. The b.'s of peace, munera, commoda pacis. The b 's of Providence, Dei munera, beneficia. — \\ Divine favour, Dei favor. May God grant his b. i quod Deus bene vertat ! . BLIGHT, robigo, uredo ; (g. t.) lues. BLIGHT, v. robigine corrumpere, uredine afficere; necare. The trees and crops are blighted, arbores sata- que corrupit lues. Salt showers b. the corn, salsi imbres necant frumenta. See Blast. BLIND, caecus, oculis or luminibus captus, lumini- bus orbatus. B. of one eye, codes, luscus [born so) ; altero oculo captus (become so); unoculus. B.-born, caecus genitus(caecigenus,p(W.). To become b., lumina oculorum, or lumina, or aspectum amittere. — 1| As to the mind, caecus, occaecatus, mente captus, teme- rarius, stultus. Fortune makes her favorites b., fortuna eos caecos eflicit (stultos facit), quos complexa est. A b. imitation, caeca or temeraria imitatio. — prejudice, falsa opinio. To show aby a b. obedience, totum se ad cs nutum et voluntatem convertere. — [[Hidden, dark, &c, caecus; opertus. A b. ditch, fossa caeca or operta. — 1| False, caecus, fictus, simulatus. A b. win- dow, fenestra ficta or simulata; fenestrae imago. BLIND, v. caecum reddere, caecare, excaecare, oculis privare, luminibus oibare ; oculos effbdere, eruere ci (to tear out the eyes). To be blinded (by long exposure to the sun, for instance), aspectum amittere.— 1| For a time only; to dazzle, fyc, occaecare ; oculos or oculorum aciem praestringere. — \\As to the mind, caecare, occaecare, excaecare qm or cs mentem ; animi or mentis aciem, oculos cs praestringere.— \\By beauty, capere, irretire, in amorem pellicere. BLI BLU BLINDFOLD, oculis opertis or alligatis, conniventi- bus or clausis oculis. — 1| To blindfold the eyes, oculos alligare. BLINDLY, caecus ; caeco impetu ; temere. To assent b. to a thing, temere assentire ci rei. They rushed b. into the water, caeci in aquam ruebant. BLINDMAN'S BUFF. To play b., myinda {adv. Gr. fxvtvdu) ludere. BLINDNESS, (luminis) caecitas, (oculorum) caligo (when it is dark before the eyes) ; mentis or animi caecitas, mentis caligo; tenebrae (b. of spirit, stupidity) ; inscitia, stultitia. BLINDSIDE, vitium. BLINK, nictare, palpebrare; connivere (to see with eyes half shut). BLISS. See Blessedness. BLISTER, pustula ; papula (raised by heat). A b. -plaster, vesicatorium. To draw or raise b.'s, pustulas facere or excitare. Full of them, pustulosus. BLISTER, tr.) pustulare ; vesicatorium imponere. Intr.) pustulari. BLITHE, \ laetus ; hilarus, hilaris ; alacer. BLITHESOME, J To wear a b. look, vultu lae- titiam praeferre. BLITHELY, laete, bilare (-iter), animolaeto or hilari. BLITHENESS, laetitia, hilaritas, animus laetus or hilaris; alacritas, animus alacer. BLOAT, tr.) tumefacere, implere, tendere, sufflare, inflate; fig. inflare. Bloated, turgidus, tumidus, tumens, inflatus. — 1| lNTR.)tumescere,extumescere; turgescere. BLOCK, truncus (of wood) ; gleba (of stone, marble) ; caudex (b. to which offenders were fastened) ; massa (mass, lump); phalanga(ro//er); forma causiae (hat-b.); trochlea [pulley); truncus funestus (executioner's b.). To come to the b., securi percuti. || Block, block- head, stipes, truncus, caudex. BLOCK, v. a. claudere (shut in) ; obstruere, obsepire, intercludere. To b. up the way, viam praecludere; viam obstruere (barricade) ; iter obsepire ; iter inter- cludere, interrumpere. BLOCKADE, conclusio, obsidio. To raise the b. of a town, urbe abscedere, obsidione urbis desistere. To deliver fm a b., obsidione liberare or solvere. BLOCKADE, v. obsidere, circum sedere, obsidionem (urbi) inferre, in obsidione tenere, obsidione claudere, operibus cingere. BLOCKHOUSE, propugnaculum. BLOCKISH, stolidus, stupidus, tardus, hebes, brutus. BLOOD, sanguis (prop.; also, kindred, lineage, vigour; also, of other juices) ; cruor (b. fm the veins, b. shed); sanies (corrupt b.). To stanch b., sanguinem sistere, supprimere, cohibere. To imbrue cr stain with b., sanguine cruentare, inquinare, respergere ; sanguine contaminare. To let b., sanguinem mittere (e. g. ei ex bracbio). A shower ofb., imber sanguinis or sanguineus. An eruption ofb., sanguinis eruptio. To shed his b. for his country, sanguinem pro patria profundere or effundere. To shed b. (commit murder), caedem or sanguinem facere. Loss of b., sanguinis profusio (fortuita). The victory cost them much b., victoria illis multo sanguine stetit. He thirsts for b., sanguinem sitit. An avenger of b., ultor parricidii, ultor mortis cs. To be connected with aby by the ties of b., sanguine cum qo conjunctum esse, sanguine attingere qm. Of illustrious b., genere clarus, illustris, insignis. // you stir up my b., si mihi stomachum moveritis. His b. is up, ira incensus est, iracundia ardet, illi animus ardet. Hot b. boils in your veins, vos caiidus sanguis vexat. To do a thing in cold b., consulto et cogitatum facere qd. Flesh and b. (= na- tural powers), vires a natura homini insitae (C). ( = human weakness), humani generis imbecillitas. ( = lusts), cupiditates, libidines. (= one's children), viscera sua, sanguis suus (e. g. Philippus in suum sanguinem sasviebat). BLOOD-COLOURED, coloris sanguinei, sanguineus. BLOODHOUND, canis ad homines persequendos or vestigandos idoneus; fig., sanguinarius, crudelissimus, carnifex. BLOODLESS, sanguine carens, exsanguis, mor- tuus.— || Without bloodshed, incruentus. BLOOD-RELATION, consanguineus, sanguine con- junctus. — 1| The connexion, consanguinitas, san- guinis conjunctio. BLOODSHED, caedes. Without b., sine sanguine, sine vuinere. (Taking place without it), incruentus. BLOODSHOT, sanguine or cruore suffusus, san- guinolentus. BLOODSUCKER, \\ Leech, hirudo (prop, and fig.), (79) sanguisuga.— 1| Vampire, bat (Linn.), vespertilio spectrum. BLOODTHIRSTY, sanguinarius, sanguinem sitiens, saevus ; sanguineus (poet.). BLOOD-VESSEL, arteria, vena; vas. BLOODY, cruentus (prop, and fig.), cruentatus (stained with blood), sanguine respersus (bespattered with blood) ; sanguineus (consisting of blood, as a shower ; other uses are poet.). To make b., cruentare, sanguine respergere. A b. war, bellum cruentum, atrox, funestum, saevum. B. flux, dysenteria rubra. — 1| Bloody, bloody-minded: see Bloodthirsty. BLOOM, flos. To be in b., florere.— || fig., to be in the b. of life, in flore aetatis esse, aetate florere ; yet, Integra esse aetate. BLOOM, v. (be in b.), florere (prop, and fig.), vigere (fig.); florem mittere, expellere (put forth blossoms). To begin to b., florescere (prop, and fig.). BLOOMING, florens (prop, and fig.); floridus (rich with flowers). B. children, liberi florentes. — \\ Beauty, forma florida et vegeta.— 1| H ealth, valetudo integra or optima; virium flos. — 1| Circumstances, res flo- rentes, florentissimae. BLOOMY, floridus, floribus vestitus. BLOSSOM, flos. BLOSSOM, v. florescere ; florem mittere or expellere. BLOT out, exstinguere, delere (gen.); inducere (by drawing the wax over it with the style) ; radere, eradere (to scrape out). — fig. exstinguere, delere, obliterare. B. out the remembrance of a thing, memoriam cs rei de ere or obliterare. — 1| Blot (to blur, spot), maculare, maculis aspergere; macula (-is) or litura (-is) defor- mare, turparp. — Intr.) the paper b.'s, charta trans- mittit (diffundit) literas, charta est bibula.— 1| To dis- grace, disfigure, labem or labeculam aspergere ci or ci rei, ci ignominiam inurere ; infuscare, deformare, infamem facere, fcedare, oblinere. BLOT, s. (atramenti) litura; macula (prop, and fig.); labes, nota turpitudinis. B. at backgammon, calculus nudus, apertus. BLOTCH, varus, ionthus (on the face) ; pustula (blister) ; variolae (pocks). BLOW, s. percussio (a striking with force), ictus, plaga, verber, petitio (6. aimed at one).— fig. fulmen, casus, damnum. A mortal b., ictus mortiferus, plaga mortifera. At one b., uno ictu. To give one a b., plagam ci inferre, infligere. A b. in the face with the open hand, ci alapam ducere. A b. with the clenched fisf, ci colaphum ducere; ci pugnum or colaphum im- pingere. To give one b.'s, qm pulsare, verberare, ver- beribus caedere. They come to b.'s, res venit ad manus. To despise the b.'s of fortune, fulmina for- tunae contemnere. I have received a heavy b., gravis- simam accepi plagam (fig.). One b. follows another, damna damnis continuantur. To prepare himself for the decisive b., ad discrimen accingi. BLOW, v. || Of the wind, flare (spirare, poet.). — || Of the breath, flare, conflare : to puff, anhelare ; of a horse, fremere (to snort). To b. an instrument, canere, cantare, ludere (with obi.), infhire (with ace.) ; of the instrument blown, canere. The winds b. co7i- trary, reflant venti. A wind which b.'s fm the north, ventus qui a septentrionibus oritur. To b. upon, afflare. To b. away, dissipare, difflare ; rapere (snatch off). To be blotvn down, vento affligi ad terram, pro- sterni, dejici. To b. out, exstinguere. To b. (make by blowing), flare, conflare, flatu figurare. To b. up the fire, ignem conflare, sufflare, buccis excitare. To b. up the cheeks, buccas inflare, sufflare. To b. up the body, corpus inflare. To b. a man up, inflare cs animuin : to be blown up, inani superbia tumere, superbia se efferre. To b. up (kindle, inflame), accendere, con- flare. To b. up with gunpowder, # qd vi pulveris pyrii displodere To be blown into the air, *vi pulveris pyrii sublime rapi. BLOW. See Bloom, Blossom. BLOWING, flatus (of the wind): of a flute, inflatus tibiae. BLUBBER, s. adeps balaenarum. BLUBBER, v. genas lacrimis fcedare, uberius flere, vim lacrimarum profundere. Blubbered cheeks, genae lacrimando turgentes. — 1| Blubber-cheeked, buccu- lentus. B. lipped, labrosus. BLUDGEON, fustis plumbo armatus. BLUE.cajruleus, siibcaeruleus(soweH;W&.), cyaneu*, cumatilis (all mean water b. ; dyed or dressed so, caeru- leatus) ; caesius (b.-gray, sky-b.); glaucus (sea-green, gray b., like cat's eyes); violaceus, purpureus, ianthi- nus, amethystinus ; lividus (black-b., black and b ). B. eyes, oculi caerulei, caesii, glauci. Having such, BLU BOD cseruleus, &c. Darkb., violaceus, purpureus. Zight-b., subcaeruleus. To become black and b., livescere : to be so, livere. BLUE, s. cseruleus, &c, color ; caeruleum {as a colouring material). BLUE-BOTTLE, cyanus. BLUFF (in manner), inhumanus, inurbanus, agres- tis, rusticus; violentus, vehemens. || Steep, abruptus. BLUNDER, s. mendum {offence agst a rule to be observed, a proper form, fyc, esply mistakes in writing, calculations, fyc). — error, erratum (mistake made fm ignorance or inadvertency : of a workman, erratum fabrile (C). — erratum, opp. recte factum, and, as a quality, vitium. Also, of offences agst propriety of speech, e.g. error; Q. 1, 5, 47). — peccatum, delictum (any sin or errour: also of faults in language: e. g. C. paucis verbis tria magna peccata). — vitium (any blemish or imperfection : fig. of barbarisms and sole- cisms. Q. 1, 5, 5 sqq.). To remove a b., mendum tol- lere ^e. g. librariorum menda tollere. C). emendare. To correct a b., mendum, errorem or peccatum corri- gere. In saying idus Marti i you have made a great b., idus Martii magnum mendum continent (it should be idus Martise). To commit the same b., idem peccare : one b. after another, aliud ex alio peccare. To fall into an opposite b., in contrarium vitium con- verts — \\Full of blunders, roendosus. Free fm b.'s, emendatus (freed fm faults : of ivritings). — emen- date descriptus (copied out accurately : printed accu- rately). BLUNDER, || Stumble, pedem offendere.— vestigio falli (slip, make a false step). — labi (slip down). — 1| Com- mit. a b., qd offendere (b. agst athg ; not to act as one ought). — labi (make a false step). — peccare (sin, commit a fault, irraletv). — See 'commit a Blunder.' — 1| To blunder out athg, inconsultius evectum projicere qd (Liv. 35, 31, mid.). — 1| To blunder upon athg, in qd casu incurrere (C). BLUNDERHEAD, stipes, truncus, stupidus homo. BLUNT, hebes, obtusus, retusus (prop, and fig.). To be b., hebere; obtusa, esse acie (prop); hebetem, hebe- tatum, obtusum esse (also fig.). Become so, hebescere {prop, and fig.). B. in spirit, hebetis or tardi ingenii. — \\ Rough, rude, inurbanus, rusticus, horridus. — || Abrupt, abruptus — 1| Plain, liber. BLUNT, v. hebetare, retundere, obtundere (prop, and fig.). — an axe, retundere securim. — a spear, hebe- tare hastam. — a keen palate, obtundere subtile pala- tum. — the mind, mentem, ingenium obtundere. To be blunted to a thing, hebetatum atque iiiduratum esse ad qd. — Blunted in body and mind, animo simul et cor- pore hebetato. To b. hope, spem debilitare, extenuare. BLUNTLY, rustice, horride ; libere, audaciter : in- ornate, abrupte. BLUNTNESS, hebes (falcis, &c.) acies ; rusticitas ; mores inculti, horridi ; sermo abruptus, inornatus ; sermo liberior. BLUR, macula, labes ; litura (fm erasure). BLUR, v. obscurare; labem or labeculam aspergere. BLUSH, || Turn red, erubescere, pudore or rubore suffundi, rubor mihi suffunditur or offunditur. — 1| Be red, rubere. To b. at one's own praises, pudore affici ex sua laude. I need not b., if fyc, non est res, qua, erubescam, si &c. They b. at their origin, origine sua erubescunt. — 1| Fig. rubere, rubescere ; fulgere. BLUSH, rubor. To put to the b., ruborem ci afferre, elicere; ci pudorem incutere.— 1| Fig. rubor, fulgor. — || A t first blush, prima specie or fronte, aspectu primo. BLUSTER, saevire. — 1| Of men, saevire; tumul- tuari, tumultum facere. — 1| Brag, insolenter gloriari. A blustering sea, mare tumultuosum. Blustering wea- ther, caelum immite, turbidum. BLUSTER, s. tempestas, procella ; fremitus, strepi- tus, tumultus ; saevitia, furor ; jactatio, ostentatio, venditatio. BLUSTERER, homo turbulentus; homo gloriosus. BOAR, verres : a wild b., aper. Of a b., verrinus : wild, aprugnus. B. spear, venabulum. B.-hog, verres castratus, majalis. BOARD, tabula; assis or axis (thick b., plank). To cut a tree into b.'s, arborem in laminas secare. A house made of b.'s, aedifieium tabulatum or ex tabulis factus. A floor laid with oak b.'s (planks), solum roboreis axi- bus compactum or constratum. — 1| To play on, ta- bula; forus aleatorius, alveus or alveolus (dice-b.); abacus (b. with squares). — 1| Table, mensa; fig. ccena, convivium, epulae. Side-b., abacus. To live at another's b., aliena mensa or quadra vivere. To be separated fm bed and b., cubilibus ac mensa, discerni. — 1| Food and (80) lodging, victus pacta mercede praebitus. Good b., victus lautus. To give one his b., gratuitum victum dare ci. — 1| Assembly, collegium, consessus, consi- lium. — 1| On board, in navi. To go on b., navem conscendere. To have a person on b., sustulisse qm ; a thing, vehere qd. — See Aboard. To leap, overb., ex navi desilire or se projicere. To throw overb., cs rei jacturam facere. BOARD, v. contabulare.— 1| L ive at a certain price, ab qo, pacta mercede, ali; cs victu, pacta, mercede, uti. To b. and lodge with aby, esse in hos- pitio apud qm ; hospitio cs uti. Put at b., qrn ci pacta mercede alendum tradere. — \\ Enter a ship, in hos- tium navem transcendere; navem conscendere. — 1| Ad- dress, attempt, alloqui, compellari; tentare, petere, adoriri ; praevertere. BOARDER, qui ab qo pacta mercede alitur. Fellow- b., convictor. BOAST, se efferre, se jactare (insolenter), gloriari, gloria et praedicatione sese efferre. To b. of or in a thing, qa re, or de or in qa. re gloriari ; jactare, osten- tare, venditare qd. He b.'s and brags as high as ever, nee quicquam jam loquitur modestius. He b.'s of his villany, in facinore et scelere gloriatur. He b.'s of his own deeds, suarum laudum praeco est ; sua narrat facinora. BOAST, 1 jactatio, ostentatio, venditatio (of BOASTING, I something, cs rei) ; ostentatio sui, jactantia sui. To make a b. of, jactare, ostentare, ven- ditare qd ; qa re gloriari. BOASTER, jaitator, ostentator, venditator cs rei; homo vanus, homo vaniloquus, homo gloriosus, homo fortis lingua. BOASTFUL, gloriosus, vanus, vaniloquus. BOASTFULLY, gloriose, jactanter. BOAT, scapha (esply a ship's b.) ; cymba (a small b. to navigate a lake, for fishing, fyc.) ; alveus, lembus (fiat-bottomed b., skiff); linter (canoe); navicula, na- vigiolum, actuariolum, lenunculus, sts navis, navi- gium.— Boatman, nauta; Hntrarius. BODE, portendere. BODICE, mamillare, thorax linteus. BODILY, corporalis (in nature and quality); cor- poreus (in material): things, corporalia; res corporeae ; quae cemi tangique possunt. — 1| Proper to the body, possessed by the body, relating to the body, in corpore situs, corporalis ; but of/ener by the genit. corporis. A b. defect, vitium corporis or corporale. B. goods, bona corporis. B. charms, corporis venustas. — 1| Real, verus. To bring to b. act, ad effectum ad- ducere or perducere. BODILESS, corpore vacans or vacuus, corpore carens, sine corpore ; incorporeus (silv. age). BODKIN. See Awl. BODY, corpus. A small b.. corpusculum. To have a healthy b., bona corporis valetudine uti. To devote himself b. and soul to one, ci corpus animamque addi- cere ; to a thing, totum et mente et animo in qd insis- tere. B. -guard, corporis custodes; stipatores corporis, stipatores ; satellites, cohors praetoria, milites prae- toriani. A dead b., corpus mortuum, corpus hominis mortui, also corpus or mortuus; cadaver; funus. To lay out a dead b., corpus mortuum curare. Having two b.'s, bicorpor. Able or strung bodied, robustus, validus, firmus— 1| Belly, venter, alvus. Beans puff up the b., venter inflatur fabis. To bind the b., alvum astringere. || Person, homo. Nobody, nullus, nemo; non ullus, non quisquam. Every b , omnes homines, omnes. — 1| Any body, quisquam (after negatives, with, vix, sine; in interrog. sentences when the answer ' No' is expected ; and in the second member of comparative sentences). — quivis, quilibet (any you please). — quis (after si, nisi, ne, num quo, quanio ; but si quisquam, when doubt is to be expressed whether there is any b.). — Somebody, qs. Hardly any b.. non fere quisquam. Nor is he seen by any b., neque cernitur ulli (for ab ullo). — Not a b., homo nemo, nemo unus. That no ody do hurt to any b., ne cui quis noceat. Lest any b., ne quis. If any b , si quis. — \\C oil ective mass, corpus. They wished to have a king out of their own b., sni cor- poris creari regem volebant. He set in order the b. of the empire, ordinavit imperii corpus. A complete b. oj all the Roman law, corpus omnis Romani juris. The whole b. of citizens, cives cuncti, also civitas. — The whole b. rose, omnes universi consurrexerunt.— 1| Cor- poration, 8rc corpus, collegium ; classis. A learned b., societas doctorum hominum. — 1| Of soldiers, ma- nus, exercitus ; pars exercitus or copiarum ; agmen ; caterva. A b. of cavalry, pars equitum; ala equitum. A b. (club) of conspirators, globus conjuratorum. A b. BOG BOO of pi nyers, grex histrionum.— 1| Main part, — of a tree, truncus, stirps ; of a column, scapus, truncus ; of the human b., truncus. The b. of a country, interior cs terras regio ; interiora cs terrse. — || Strength. Wine of a good b., vinum validum, firmum, forte, plenum. BOG, palus. BOGGLE, stupere ; dubitare, haerere, haesitare, cunctari ; tergiversari. BOGGLER, cunctator, hassitator. BOGGLING, dubitatio, hassitatio, cunctatio. BOGGY, uliginosus, paluster. BOIL, Jntr.) fervere (also fig. of the passions and of men); aestuare {to swell and roar with heat; also fig.); bullare, bullire (to bubble up). To begin to b., ebullire, effervescere. To b. enough, defervescere. Boiling hot, fervens. The meats b., cibaria bullant. To b. over, exundare (of boiling water, Plin. 31, 2, 19). To make to b., fervefacere. The sea b.'s, sestuat mare. To b. with envy, invidia aestuare. To b. with anger, ira fervere; ssevire. — 1| Tr.) fervefacere, infervefacere (make to b.) ; coquere (cook by boiling). To b. down, decoquere (e. g. acetum ad quartas. Col.). To b. a thing in something, qd coquere in or ex qa re (e. g. in lacte, ex oleo) ; incoquere qa re or cum qa re (e. g. aqua ferventi, cum aqua). To b. quite, percoquere. To b. meats, cibum or cibaria coquere ; cibum parare or comparare (g. t. of preparing meat, §c, for food). Boiled, elixus (opp. assus). — coctus (dressed by fire, opp. crudus). BOIL, a sore. See Bile, Blain. BOILER, || One who boils, coctor.— 1| Caldron, Ike, vas coquinarium. — ahenum (of brass); ahenum coculum. — caldarium (Vitr. for heating water in baths). — cucuma (some vessel for boiling or cooking. Petron.). — cortina (with three feet). — j^^° lebes only when Greek customs, persons, fyc, are spoken, of; esply as a costly present. BOISTEROUS, turbulentus, turbidus, procellosus, tumultuosus, violentus. A b. sea, mare procellosum (ever so) ; mare vi ventorum agitatum atque turbatum (in a single case). B. weather followed, secutas sunt tempestates. BOLD, audens (in any one instance and only in a good sense). — audax (permanently, and in a good or bad sense, mly in the latter). — impavidus, intrepidus; fidens (confident, assured). — confidens (confident, in a bad sense). — temerarius (rash). — impudens. im^adicus (with- out shame or modesty). — procax, protervus (forward, in a noisy, troublesome, reckless way; proc. esply in words, prot. in actions). — petulans (attacking others with raillery, fyc, without any consideration). — lascivus (forward, fm high animal spirits ; also wanton). — B. (in language), procax lingua. B. language, sermo pro- cax or procaciter ortus, Very b., summae audaciae, sin- gulari audacia. A b. poet, poeta audax: thought, sen- tentia audax : metaphor, verbum audacius or altius translatum. To be b. (to say, fyc), audere (with infin.). You are a b. beggar, satis audacter petis. A b. brow, os ferreum, impudens : a b. fellow, homo perfrictae frontis (both in a bad sense). || Proj ec t ing, prominentior. b8lSf1ced.}^ Boldness ' Bold - BOLDLY, audacter, libere ; fidenter, confidenfer; impudenter; impavide, intrepide ; temere ; procaciter (-cacius, -cacissime). — proterve [Syn. in Bold]. — To behave b. (= forwardly), procacius se in qa re gerere. / say it b., audacter dico ; libere profiteor. BOLDNESS, audentia, audacia, animus audax; fidentia, confidential impudentia; os durum, ferreum, impudens. procacitas. protervitas. lascivia. [Syn. in Bold.] — Rash b., temeritas. B. of speech, libertas. Too great b., licentia. To have the b. to fyc, audere (with infin.); sumere hoc sibi, ut &c. BOLE, truncus, stirps. BOLL, calamus. B.'s of flax, lini virgae. BOLSTER, pulvinus. BOLSTER up, v. See Prop. BOLT, || D o r <,materis or matara(j. Cces.B.G. 1,26); sagitta (arrow). Thunder-b. ,fu]men. B . upright, plane rectus; directus. \\ Bar, claustrum, pessulus, obex. BOLT, v. || To b. the door, pessulo januam claudere or occludere, pessulum januae obdere. To b. one out, qm excludere foras. || To s ift, cribrare, cribro cernere or succernere, succernere. \\ Blurt out, projicere. — intr ) erumpere, prortimpere. BOLTER, cribrum farinarium or pollinarium; in- cerniculum. BOLTING-CLOTH, *linteum cribrarium. BOMB, *pyrobolus. To throw b.'s, *pyrobolos mittere. (81) BOMBARD, *urbem tormentis verberare. BOMBARDIER, *pyrobolarius. BOMBARDMENT, *tormentorum, telorum, pyro- bolorum conjectio. BOMBAST, verborum pompa, verborum tumor, in- flata oratio, ampullae. To deal in b., adhibere quan- dam in dicendo speciem atque pompam. — ampullari (H. \r\Kv9iZeiv). BOMBASTIC, inflatus, elatus (C.).-less cmly tu- midus. turgidus (H.). Aby's style is b., cs oratio turget atque inflata est. BOND. (See Band.) B.'s, chains, vincula; ca- tenae. || Impr isonment, custodia, vincula. To lie in b.'s and chains, esse in vinculis et catenis.— To cast into b.'s, in vincula mittere, conjicere ; vinculis astrin- gere. To cast into b.'s (prison), in custodiam (or in vincula) mittere, tradere, condere, conjicere. || Tie, vinculum (prop, and fig.); nodus, copula (fig.). There is a closer b. among kinsmen, arctior colligatio est socie- tatis propinquorum. The strict b. of friendship, ami- citiae conjunctionisque necessitudo- || Obligation, chirographum ; syngrapha (paper signed by both parties to a contract). To borrow money upon one's b., per chirographum pecuniam mutuam sumere. To lend one money upon his b., chirographo exhibito, pecuniam ci credere. \\T o give bonds, satisdare (pro re); satis- dationem interponere, dare ; for the payment of the money adjudged, satisdare judicata? pecuniae (gen. sc. nomine). BONDAGE, captivitas; servitus, conditio servilis. The yoke of b., jugum servitutis. To hold in b., servi- tute oppressum tenere. BONDMAN, servus. mancipium (bought or taken in war). — verna (born in one's house). A b. by reason of debt, aere nexus. The bondmen of aby, familia cs. BONDSMA1D, serva. servula. BONDSMAN. (See Bondman.) \\One bound for another, sponsor, vas, praes, satisdator. BONE, os; spina (ofafish). A little b., ossiculum. Of b., osseus. Without b.'s, sine osse, exos. To de- prive of b.'s, exossare (also offish). B. by b., ossicu- latim. He is nothing but skin and b.'s, ossa atque pellis totus est (Plant. Aul. 3, 6, 28); vix ossibus hxret (Firg. Eel. 3, 102). / tremble every b. of me, omnibus artubus contremisco. Back-b., spina. Hip-b., coxa, coxendix, os coxae. Shin-b., tibia. To break a b., os frangere. I make no b.'s of doing this, religio mihi non est, quominus hoc faciam. / have given hint a b. to pick, injeci scrupulum homini. BONE, v. \Take out the bones, exossare (con- grus exossabitur. Ter.). BONFIRE, ignes festi {Stat.). BON MOT, facete or belle dictum, breviter ac com- mode dictum, bonum dictum ; salse dictum, dicterium (when sarcastic). BONNET, || For women: mitra. mitella (a sort of cap with flaps, and tied under the chin : borrowed fm the Asiatics by the Greeks and Romans).— reticulum (a net for the hair). $*^T calautica, not calantica, was prob. a sort of veil, covering the head and shoulders. To put on a b., caput mitra operire. || F o r men: cucullus (pointed and fastened to the dress). — pileus (a cap of felt). BONNY, bellus, venustus, lepidus ; laetus, hilarus, hilaris. BONUS. See Boon, Gift. BONY, ossuosus (full of bones) ; osseus, ossi similis (bone-like). BOOBY, homo rusticus, stolidus ; stipes, caudex ; asinus. BOOK, volumen; liber (also part of a work), libel- lus (little writing); codex with or without accepti et expensi (account-b.); ephemeris, libellus, commentarii (memorandum or note-b. ; journal, diary. 8;c.).— Waste- b., adversaria (plur.). Without b., ex memoria, me- moriter. To get without b., ediscere, memoriae tradere, mandare, committere. To keep a b. (of account), codi- cem accepti et expensi habere. A collection of b.'s, librorum copia; bibliotheca. Knowledge of b.'s, libro- rum notitia, usus. To mind his b., studiis incumbere. Trade in b.'s, mercatura libraria. To get into aby's b.'s (^become his debtor), v. Debtor. Not to be in aby's b.'s ( = not to be in favour with him), v. Favour. To call aby to b. (i. e. to make an accurate calculation), ad calculos qm vocare (L.). BOOK, v. qd in codicem, commentaries, libellum, &c, referre. BOOK-BINDER, glutinator (among the ancients); bibliopegus, librorum compactor (among the moderns). BOOK-CASE, armarium librorum (Paul. Dig.).— armarium parieti in bibliothecae speciem insertum G BOO BOT (Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 8: lei into a wall). tfjjSjj^Not scrinium. Vid. Diet. BOOKISH. See Bookworm. BOOK-KEEPER, calculator, qui ci est a rationibus, rationarios. BOOKSELLER, bibliopola, librorum venditor; libra- rius (when he also transcribes the books). B.'s shop, taberna lihraria, libraria. BOOKWORM, blatta, tinea. || fig. to be a b., studiis or libris immori ; quasi heluari libris ; totum se abdidisse in literas. BOOM, s. longurius. contus. pertica [see Pole]. — || Obex (obstacle) : prps agger portum muniens. BOOM, v. fluctuare.— undare.— aestuare. exaestuare (boil violently). — saevire (rage). To come booming (i.e. with swelling sails), velis passis qo pervehi. BOON, gratia, beneficium, donum, munus. [Syn. in Gift.] BOON, adj. hilaris, laetus, jocosus, jucundus. B.- companion, combibo ; compotor; sodalis. BOOR, rusticus. agrestis (the rust, violates the con- ventional, the agr. even the natural, laws of good beha- viour). — inurbanus (unpolished). — incultus (unculti- vated). B.'s, homines rustici, rustici et agrestes, rus- tici, agrestes. You are a b., rusticus es. BOORISH, || Rust ic, rusticus, rusticanus, agrestis. [Syn. in Boor.] \\Rude, raw, rusticus, agrestis, inurbanus, incultus. Somewhat b., subrusticus, sub- agrestis BOORIS HNESS, rusticitas (silv. age) ; mores rustici. BOORISHLY, rustice. BOOT, calceamentum quod pedes suris tenus or crura tegit. — The ancients wore no b.'s like ours : caltga teas only a sole (see Shoe), and ocreae were the military greaves or leggins of bronze, brass, fyc, and also the similar leather leggins of peasants, hunters, % c. B.- jack, *furca excakeandis pedibus. Booted, calcea- mentis, &c, indutus ; calceatus. BOOT, v. prodesse, conducere, usui esse, ex usu esse. [See Profit, v.] BOOT, s. utilitas, usus, commodum, emolumentum, lucrum, fructus. To b., insuper; ultro: to give athg to b., *gratis addere. This goes to b., hoc insuper additur; hoc ultro adjicitur. BOOTH, taberna (stall in wch goods are sold; also drinking-b.).—pergula, (b. or stall attached to the outer wall of a house: e. g. a broker's. Plin.). Little b., tabernula. tabernaculum. BOOTLESS, inutilis ; cassus, inanis, vanus, irritus. See Useless. BOOTLESSLY, frustra, nequidquam, incassum. You labour b., operam perdis. BOOTY, prseda; raptum (got by robbery). B. in arms, banners, fyc, spolia; in arms stripped fm the enemy, exuviae. The general's share of the b., manu- biae ; the state's, sectio. To make b., praedari ; prasdam or praedas facere ; praedam or praedas agere (of men and cattle; also with hominum pecorumque); rapere, rapinas facere. To live by b. (robbery), vivere rapto. BOOZE (to drink to excess), perpotare. BORAX. *borax. BORDER, s. margo (scuti, libri, &c.).— ora (broader than margo). — labrum (of a ditch, for instance), limbus (on a garment). ||.Bow n da ry, finis, confinium. B.'s, lines (also for the land itself). To dwell upon the b. of two lands, finem sub utrumque habitare. Soldiers sta- tioned t>n the b.'s, limitanei milites. See also Verge. BORDER, v. a. marginare ; cingere, circumdare, coercere qa re. A bordered garment, vestis limbata, seg- mentata. \\To border upon (of people), finitimum, vicinum, confinem esse ci. || Of lands, adjacere, im- minere ci terrae; tangere, attingere, contingere terram. Bordering, finitimus, vicinus, confinis ; subjectus or conjunctus ci loco. To b. together, se invicem con- tingere. Falsehoods b. on truth, falsa veris finitima sunt. BORDERER, qui sub finem cs terrae habitat; accola, finitimus. The b.'s on the sea, qui oceanum attingunt ; maritimi homines : on the Rhine, qui proximi Rheno flumini sunt; accolae Rheni. BORE, v. terebrare (with a gimlet or instrument that is turned round). — torare (to make a hole through) : per- forare (quite through).— perterebr are. To b. a hole, foramen terebrare or terebra cavare. A boring, tere- bratio. To get out by boring, exterebrare. To b., i. e. make hollow by boring, efforare ; the trunk of a tree, truncum. To b. one's way through a crowd, penetrare per turbam : through the snows, eluctari nives or per nives. y To be troublesome, see Bore, s. BORE, s. foramen. \\Caliber, modus; magni- tudo, amplitudo. A b. (—a troublesome person), in- (82) tolerabilis. intolerandus (unbearable). — importunua (troublesome ; annoying). — odiosus (hateful). To be a b. (of a public speaker), odiosum esse in dicendo. BORER, terebra. BORN. To be b., nasci, gigni (ex qa); in lucem edi, in vitam venire,— with the feet foremost, pedibus gigni, in pedes procedere. A Grecian b., in Graecia natus, ortu Graecus. Who were Persians b., qui in Perside erant nati. New-b.. recens natus. Before you were b., ante te natum. || To be descended, ortum, oriundum esse. || fig. to be b. (i. e. destined by nature) to a thing, ad qd natum or factum esse ; ad qd natum aptumque esse. BOROUGH, municipium. BORROW, \\What is to be returned by an equivalent, mutuari, mutuum (not mutuo) sumere qd ab qo : money of one, pecuniam mutuam sumere, pecuniam petere ab qo : on interest, fenore argeutum sumere ab qo. I want to b. money, quaero pecunias mutuas : on interest, fenore: of one, rogare qm pecu- niam mutuam or argentum mutuum. To b. (receive by borrowing) money, pecuniam mutuam accipere. — || .For use, utendum petere; mutuari : fm a neigh- bour, ex proximo. To want to b., utendum rogare. Borrowed, mutuus ; mutuatus. || fig. mutuari, ali- unde assumere, sumere aliunde ut mutuum, petere, repetere. The moon b.'s her light of the sun, luna mutuatur lucem a sole. BORROWER, qui mutuatur or mutuatus est. BOSOM, sinus (of the body, of a garment); pectus, animus (fig. breast, heart); pars interior (intima); in- teriora (intima), viscera; complexus. To weep on the b. of a friend, in amici sinu flere. To press one to h s b., qm arctius complecti; qm amplexari. To see into one's b., apertum cs pectus videre. To look into one's own b., in sese descendere. The enemy are in the b. of the city, in sinu urbis hostes sunt. They dug into the b. of the earth, itum est in viscera terrae. To bunish fm his inmost b., qd ex intima mente evellere. The secrets of one's b., animi secreta. occulta pectoris. Furies wch haunt the b., domestical furiae. To be one's b. friend, de complexu et sinu cs esse; in sinu cs gestari. A b. friend, sodalis; amicus conjunctissimus; amicissimus, intimus. The world holds all things in its b., mundus omnia complexu suo coercet et continet. BOSS, || Of a shield, umbo. \\ Stud, knob, bulla. [I Of the stick on wch a book is rolled, um- bilicus, cornu. BOTANICAL, herbarius. BOTANIST, herbarius. BOTANIZE, v. *herbas quaerere, colligere. BOTANY, (ars) herbaria (sc. ars. Plin.). BOTCH, tuber. Little b. tuberculum. Full of b.'s, tuberosus. \\C lumsy patch, %c, pannus male assu- tus ; cicatrix ; vitium. BOTCH, v. male sarcire or resarcire ; infabre or inscienter facere ; corrumpere, deformare, turpare. tuberibus or ulceribus turpare (mark with b.'s). To b. up, inscienter facere, confingere ; ementiri. BOTCHER. || Bungling workman, imperitus artifex. || Pate her or mender, sartor. BOTH, ambo (b. together); uterque (b. severally, one as well as the other) ; duo (in such connexions as duo- bus oculis, duabus manibus). On b. sides, utrimque ; utrobique. From b. sides, utrimque. To b. sides, places, utroque. Conscience has great force on b. sides, magna est vis conscientiae in utramque partem. Many being killed on b. sides, multis utrimque interfectis. They may be said b. ways, utroqueversum dicantur. He made one camp out of b., una castra fecit ex binis castris. B. (where two parties, or several on each side, are referred to), utrique (pi.). BOTH, conj. : b.—and, et— et, quum— turn, turn — turn. I have tost b. my money and my labour, et pecu- niam et operam perdidi. B. in time of peace and war, turn in pace, turn in bello. They kill b. men and women alike, feminas pariter atque viros trucidant. Have you lost b. wit and goods? consilium simul cum re amisisti ? B. covetous and prodigal, sordidus simul et sumptuosus. BOTHER, v. See Teaze. To b. aby with questions, obtundere qm rogitando. BOTTLE, lagena; ampulla (large, big-bellied). Liltle b , laguncula, ampullula. To empty, drain the b., lagenam exsiccare. || Of hay, fasciculus or rnani- pulus fceni. To BOTTLE wine, vinum diffundere, in lagenas infundere. BOTTOM, fundus (of a cask, the sea, fyc), solum. || Valley, plain, vallis, convallis, planities. — BOT BOY ^Ground-work, fundamentum, fundamenta. The b. of the sea, mare imum, fundus or ima (neut. pi.) maris. The anchor finds »., ancora subsistit, sidit. To drain a wine-jar to the b., cadum faece tenus potare. The b. of the ditch, solum fossae. To settle to the b., residgre, subsidere. To go to the b. {sink), mergi, sidSre, pessum ire. To send to the b., pessum dare, mergere, demergere. The b. of a ship, alveus or carina (navis). To search a thing to the b., accuratius, sub- tilius investigare qd ; qd investigare et perscrutari; qd pertractare. To come to the b. of a matter, qd per- spicere. i" see the b. of him, eum penitus perspieio. / do not see upon what b. it rests, rationem quam habeat, non satis perspieio. He is at the b. of this, ortum est hoc ab eo. To overturn, destroy fm the b., funditus evertere ; a fundamentis disjicere ; funditus tollere. To place at the b., in imo ponere. Fm top to b., ab summo ad imum. Sharpened at the b., ab imo praeacutus. He groans fm the b. of his heart, gemitum dat pectore ab imo. I am distressed even at the b. of my heart, angor intimis sensibus. At the b. of a moun- tain, sub radicibus montis, in imis radicibus montis. || Ship, navis, navigium. || fig. you are embarked on the same b., in eadem es navi. || Clew, glomus. To wind yarn into b.'s, lanam glomerare in orbes. BOTTOM, v. To be bottomed upon a thing, niti qa re or in qa re ; teneri, contineri qa re ; cerni, positum esse in qa re. BOTTOMLESS, fundo carens. B. depth, immensa or infinita altitudo ; vorago. BOUGH, ramus, brachium aTboris {arm). A small b., ramulus, ramusculus. A leafy b., ramus frondosus. A dry b., ramale; pieces of dry b.'s, ramea fragmenta, ramalia. Full of b.'s, ramosus. Of b.'s, rameus. To spread into b.'s, luxuriari, ramis diffundi. BOUGIE, cereus {wax light). — catheter («afc-r^p, surgical instrument for drawing off the water. Ccel. Aurel.). BOUNCE. To b. up or back, resilire, resultare. The hail b.'s back from the top of the house, resilit grando a culmine tecti. The water b.'s in the kettles, unda exsultat ahenis. To b. into the air, in altum expelli. To b. out, prosilire; prorumpere, erumpere: in, irrumpere or irruere in &c. My heart b.'s, cor mihi rite salit. || Make a noise, crepare. B. at the door, pulsare fores vehementer ; quatere fores. — || Vapour, swagger, se jactare, insolenter gloriari. — 1| Bouncing, robustus, validus, fortis. A bouncing girl, virgo valens, valida; virago. BOUNCE, s. crepitus; ictus, pulsus; jactatio {boasting). — minae {threats). BOUND, || Boundary, limit, finis, terminus, limes ; modus (due measure) ; cancelli {barrier, prop, and fig.). To fix the b.'s, fines terminare, fines consti- tuere. To fix b.'s to something {prop, and fig.), ter- minos, modum ponere ci rei. To set b.'s to a thing (.fig.), modum facere ci rei. To go beyond the b.'s, fines transire (prop, and fig.); extra fines or cancellos egredi, modum excedere (fig.). To keep one's self within the b.'s of modesty, fines verecundiae non transire. To keep, force one within b.'s, coercere, continere, con- stringere qm. To keep one's self within b.'s, se co- liibere ; coercere cupiditates. BOUND. See Border. — \\Set bounds to, terminis circumscribere ; terminos statuere ci rei. — 1| C o nfi n e, restrain, circumscribere, moderari, temperare, mo- dum facere (ci rei), coercere, reprimere. BOUND, || To spring, salire. B. up, exsilire, ex- sultare. To b. into the saddle, in equum insilire. — 1| R e- bound, resilire, resultare, repelli, repercuti, recellere. BOUND, s. saltus; exsultatio (a bounding up) ; re- percussus (rebound). BOUND. — To be b. any whither, qo ire ; qo tendere. Whither are you b. ? quo tendis ? quo te agis 1 quo cogitas or vis (sc. ire)? BOUNDARY. See Bound.— The god of b.'s, Ter- minus : his festival, Terminalia. To drive in a post to mark the b., palum terminalem figere. A b. stone, lapis terminalis, terminus, saxum, limes in agro positus. Soldiers stationed on the b.'s, milites limitanei. BO UN DEN.— A b. duty, officium.— debitum (duly as a moral obligation). — debitum officium. BOUNDLESS, interminatus, infinitus, immensus; immoderatus, immodicus (immoderate); insatiabilis. BOUNDLESSLY, infinite, immoderate. BOUNDLESSNESS, infinitas, immensitas: of time, nulla circumscriptio temporum : of power, potentia infinita. BOUNTEOUS. See Bountiful. BOUNTIFUL, largus, liberalis, beneficus, benignus, (83) munificus. To be b. to one, largum, liberalem, bene- ficum esse in qm. B. of his money, liberalis pecuniae. See Generous. BOUNTIFULLY, large, liberaliter, benigne, mu- nifice. BOUNTY, largitas, liberalitas, beneficentia, benig- nitas, munificentia.— 1| Premium, praemium, pretium. — 1| When a soldier enlists, auctoramentum. BOUQUET (of wine), anima amphorae. BOURN. See Border. BOUT. — At one b., simul (at the same time). — uno impetu (with one effort. C). A drinking-b., comissatio (a merry-making after a regular coena, with, games, dancing, strolling out into the streets, fyc). — ^^° com- potatio in Cic. only as transl. of avp.ir6 consilium alterum. He had this by- ut &c. BYEND, end, that 8cc, simul id sequebatur, BY-LAW, praescriptum minoris momenti. BY-PLACES, devia (ioca). BYSTANDER, spectator. BY-WAY, trames, semita, callis ; deverticulum (that turns off from a greater ; also fig.). BY- WORD, proverbium; verbum. To become ab.-w., in proverbium venire or cedere : proverbiis eludi (be ridiculed in proverbs). See Proverb. CABAL, 8. \An intriguing body, doli or falla- ciarum machinatores [see Caballer].— or Crcl. qui consilia clandestina (in qm) conebquuut. |l Political intrigue, ars, artificium (artifice).— fallacia (deceit, intrigue).— better in pi. artes (mala;); fallaciae (cabals, intrigues) ; consilia clandestina (hidden designs) ; calum- niae (malicious slander, false accusation). CABAL, v. fallacias facere, nngere ; consilia clan- destina concoquere; dare operam consiliis clandestinis. with ut (to endeavour to effect by c.'s); likewise calum- nias facere ; multa machinari : to c. agst aby, fallacias in qm intendere; consiliis clandestinis oppugnare qm; ci dolum nectere. See Cabal, s. (93) CABALA, «cabbSla; «arcana Hebreeorum doctrina. CABALIST, «cabbalista. CABALISTIC, *cabbalisticus.— Adv. *cabbalistice. CABALLER, doli or fallaciarum machinator (v. Tac. Ann. I, 10, 2). CABBAGE, brassYca (v. pr. ).— olus (any kitchen- herb, of wch br. is a species, s. Cato R. R. 176, in. : brassica est, quae omnibus oleribus antistat). — caulis (propr. the stalk; poet the c. itself). — crambe (accord- ing to Plin. 20, 9, 33, a sort of c. with thin and compact leaves, known to the Greeks, in Latin only proverbially : e. g. crambe repetita, c. warmed up again, athg stale by repetition). Head of c, caput brassicae : c.-leaf, bras- sicae folium : c.-plant, planta brassicae. CABBAGE, v. subducere furto; surripere. See to Filch. CABIN. || In a ship, diaeta (Petron. 115, 1). Cabin-boy, *puer nauticus. \\Hut, casula. tugu- riolum. j| Small room, cellula. CABINET, || A private room, conclave.— cubicu- lum minus (a small room adjoining a large owe).— zotheca (a small room belonging to the principal one, for reposing, studying). — cubiculum secretius (a prvcate room: e.g. of a prince). — sanctuarium or consistorium principis (c. of a prince, Plin. 23, 8, 77. Ammian. 25, 10). || meton. for government, see Administra- tion, and *c. -minister,' below. — To hold a c-council, secreta consilia agitare : to peep into the c, principum secreta rimari (T. Ann. 6, 33): equally great in the field and in the c, rei militaris peritus, neque minus civitatis regundas; fortis ac strenuus, pace belloque bonus.— a c.-minister, comes consistorianus (in the time of the emperors); or Crcl. princeps amicorum regis, quocum secreta consilia agitare solet (L. 35, 15); ami- cus regis omnium consiliorum particeps; amicus regis, qui in consilio semper adest et omnium rerum habetur particeps (after Nep. Eum. 1, 5 and 6).— c. counsellor, qui principi est a consiliis interioribus (after Nep. Hann. 2, 2). — consilia interiora or domestica (the as- sembly). — c. secretary, quem princeps ad manum habet scribae loco (s. Nep. Eum. 1, 5); also scriba principis. — c. seal, signum principis (after Suet. Oct. 94, p. med.). || A repository for valuables or curiosities, thesaurus ; horreum : for coins, *numotheca : a c. for china, *collectio Sinensi artificio factorum operum; *copia operum Sinensis artis. CABINET-MAKER, intestinarius *(Cod. Theod. 13, 4, 2, in so far as he makes objects of art). — lignarius (sc. faber) : scriniorum or capsularum opifex (any one who works in wood, joiner or carpenter). CABLE, funis ancorarius ; ancorale. — ora (by wch a ship is fastened to the shore); remulcus (towing-c.) ; rudens (any rope esply belonging to the yards and sails). — to cut the c.'s, ancoralia incidere ; ancoras praecidere. CABRIOLET, cisium. CACHINNATION, loud and screaming laugh- ter, cachinnus (as condition). — cachinnatio (Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 66 ; as action). See Laugh, s. CACKLE, v. strepere (propr. of geese, 8;c. ; applied also to men). — gracillare (of chickens. And. Carm. de Philom.. 25). — gingrire, strepere (of geese. Pest, and Virg. Eel. 9, 36). — clangere (of geese). — tetrinnire (of ducks. Auct. Carm. de Philom.). CACKLING, strepitus (of geese and men). — voces anserum (loud c. Tac. Germ. 10, 3).— to raise a loud c, vociferari (Col. 8, 13, 2).— clangor (of geese and chickens).— gingrltus (of geese: late). CADAVEROUS, || Looking like a corpse, ca- daverosus. CADE, cadus. See Cask. CADE, cicur (tame by nature, of animals: opp. ferns, immanis).— mansuetus (used to the hand, do- mestic, tame; of beasts and men : opp. ferus). — domitus (tamed, subdued; of wild beasts and savage nations: opp. ferus). — placidus (of gentle disposition, peaceably inclined ; of men and beasts : opp. ferus). — mitis (meek, yielding: opp. immanis). CADE, v. mansuefacere. mansuetum facere or red- dere (to accustom to the hand, to render domestic or sociable : e.g. the people, plebem). See Tame, v. CADENCE, || In music, intervallum. — numerus (in speech). \\ A n harmonious concltision, quae- dam ad numerum conclusio. Having (or with) a good c, numerosus: numerose cadens ; numerose cadere (all of speech). To close periods with a good c, numeris sententias claudere. CADET, || A younger brother, frater natu minor. ||/n a military sense, *puer ad militiam publice informandus. — tiro nobilis is inapplicable. CADGER, coemptor (one who buys «/>).— propola (LES CAL (one who buys to sell again).— caupo (one who retails the necessaries of life). C^STUS, caestus. To fight with c.'s, pugilare (the boxer with them was pugil, pycta [nvKTrjt] : the act, pugilatus). CAG, doliolum.— seria (oblong cask). See Cask. CAGE, \\ An inclosure, cavea (both for birds and wild beasts). — claustrum {for wild beasts). \\Any hind of fence for the same purpose, sepes. sepi- mentum. — septum (an inclosed place : e. g. for hunt- ing, venationis). — vivarium, leporarium (different ap- pellations for the same thing, s. Gell. 2, 20). || A prison, career. — custodia (propr. the guarding of aby; also the place itself). — vincula, pi. (chains or fetters; also the place). CAGE, v. in caveam includere. || Animals for plea- sure, bestias includere delectationis causa. || Im- prison, includere in carcerem. qm in eustodiam dare ; in carcerem condere or conjicere. See Imprison. CAIRN, acervus lapidum. lapides in unum locum congesti. CAITIFF, scelestus, scelus. scelusviri. CAJOLE, bland iri ci (with words and gestures). — (manu) permulcere qm (to stroke with the hand). — amplexari et osculari qm (to embrace and kiss aby). — assentari ci (to humour aby; yield to him in every thing).— adulari (flatter basely). — blanditiis delenire qm. commodis verbis persuadere ci. CAJOLER, assentator (who yields to aby in every thing). — adulator (base flatterer). — homo blandus (flat- tering by sweet words). CAJOLERY, blanditiae (insinuating words, caresses). — blanditiae et assentationes (C). — blandimentum (caressing means by wch one endeavours to win over aby). — adulatio (base flattery). CAKE, s. placenta.— libum (the flat c. of honey, meal, fyc. ; a sacrificial and also birth-day c). — massa. pondus (a mass of athg in general). CAKE, v. tr.) with athg, qd ci rei concoquere. — intr.) concrescere (congeal, stick together, fyc). in massam concrescere. indurescere. CALAMINE, cadmia, the different sorts of wch were: botryitis : placitis ; ostracitis (5. the Lex.). CALAMITOUS, miser (pitiable, in bad circum- stances). — infelix (unfortunate). — calamitosus (beset, oppressed with grief; beset with dangers, fyc). — tristis (afflicting). — luctuosus (doleful). — gravis (heavy, dis- tressing). || Calamitous times, gravia or iniqua. CALAMITY, calamitas (misery occasioned by great damage and loss, also by war). — miseria (misery : opp. happiness). — res miserae or afflictae (lamentable situ- ation). — casus adversus or tristis, fm context merely casus (unfortunate accident). — res adversae, fortuna afflicta, fm context fortuna only (unfortunate circum- stances, esply relating to pecuniary and domestic mat- ters).— fortuna mala (misfortune, ill fate). To bring c.'s upon aby, miseriarum tempestates ci excitare ; ci insignem calamitatem inferre. To suffer c, in malis esse, jacere, versari ; malis urgeri : a c, calamitatem accipere. See Affliction. CALCINATE, tr.) in calcem vertere.— intr.) *in calcem verti. CALCULATE, v. a. || To reckon, computare, sup- putare (to sum up). — cs rei rationem inire ; ad calculos vocare qd.— calculum ponere in re (to reckon over, take an account). — *computando efficere (to make out by calculating). To c. expenses, or the cost, ad calculos vocare sumptus : to c. an amount in the current coin of our ovjn country, *ad nostras pecuniae rationem re- vocare qd: to c. the course of the heavenly bodies, stel- larum or siderum cursus et motus numeris persequi ; cursus siderum dimetiri (measure and c). — the loss cannot be calculated, damnum majus est quam quod sestimari possit : to c. every thing according to one's own interest, omnia metiri emolumentis et commodis : to c. with any one, rationem cum qo putare, instituere, conferre ; rationem or calculum ponere cum qo (Plin. JPaneg. 20, 5) : to c. every thing by pounds, shillings, and pence, omnia ad lucrum revocare: to learn to c, arithmetica discere : to c. well, in arithmeticis satis exercitatum esse : to c. by Olympiads, Olympiadum numero finire ; the Gauls c. time by nights, and not by days, Galli spatia omnis temporis non numero dierum, sed noctium finiunt (Cces. B. G. 6, 18).— the Germans do not c. time by days, as we do, but by nights, Germani «on dierum numerum, ut nos, sed noctium computant (Tac. Germ. 11, 2). || To c. upon a thing, sperare fore ut &c. I c. upon your coming, spero fore ut venias. > — iMPROPR. a) to weigh athg, calculum ponere in re (Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 9). — to c. or weigh all the difficulties (94) or circumstances attending any matter, ponere calculos in utraque parte (Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 9). — b) to intend a certain effect, accommodare qd ad rem. CALCULATED, adj. accommodatus ; aptus ; ido- neus; par. — c. for something, accommodatus ad qd, or ci rei : c. for business and nothing else, par negotiis nee supra. CALCULATION, s. ratio ; computatio. supputatio. To make friendship a mere c. of interest, nimis exigue et exiliter ad calculos vocare amicitiam. A c. made or to be made, ratio subducta or subducenda. CALCULATOR, s. calculator (Mart, and Ulp. Dig.). — computator (Sen. Ep. 87, 5). CALDRON, ahenum. cortlna (resting on three legs for cooking and dyeing). — lebes (\e/3t]t, only among the Greeks, esply used as a present of honour, s. Virg. JEn. 3, 466; 5, 266). CALEFACTION, s. calefactio (Arcad. Dig.), cale- factus, us (only in the ablat. Plin. and Lact.), or Crcl.: for the c. of athg, ad qd calefaciendum. CALENDAR, s. calendarium (originally a book of debts or interest ; in modern Latin, a calendar. Inscr. Grut. 133 : to be retained as t. t.).— fasti (the book in which the dies fasti et nefasti, the dies senatus et comi- tiales, &c, were registered).— ephemeris, idis, /. (a day- book of expenses, events, fyc.) CALENDER, s. tormentum (for clothes. Sen. Tranq. 1, 3: in later writers, pressorium). CALENDER, v. (vestes, pannum, &c.) ponderibus premere (Sen. Tranq. 1, 3). — «pannum polire, expolire (Plin. has vestes pol., expol.). CALENDS, s. calendae, or kalendae in inscriptions (the first day of the month): till the last of August, usque ad pridie calendas Septembres. Debtors paid interest on the first of the month, hence tristes calendae. The Greeks had no c. in their calculations of time, hence ad calendas Graecas solvere, to pay at latter Lammas, i. e. never. $&$" The name of the month is to be an adj. Hence calendas Januariae, not Januarii. CALF, || Young of a cow, vitulus. || Sea-calf, vitulus marinus (the pure Latin term). — phoca (also a sea c, fm r a c, locum idoneum castris deligere; to measure out a c, castra metiri, dimetiri; to mark a c. by fixing poles, castra metare; locum castris dimetare; he who performs this office, castrorum metator; to pitch a c, castra ponere, locare, collocare, constituere ; tendere ; near the enemy, castra sua psene hostium castris jungere ; castra castris hostium conferre; to remove, castra transferre; to break up, castra movere, permovere, proferre ; to take the enemy's c, hostem castris exuere. — of or belong- ing to a camp, castrensis. CAMPAIGN, s. || Open level country, planities; aequus et planus locus, campus, with or without planus or apertus. aequor (chiefly used by the poets, but also by C: iEgyptii et Babylonii in camporum (96) patentium sequoribus habitabant). Bequata planities. exaequatio (a place made c.). — 1| The time during which an army keeps the field, bellum ; ex- peditio; militia; stipendium. — to serve in a c, bello or expeditioni interesse. — to serve in the same c, bello una esse cum qo in castris ; in castra proficisci cum qo; militia cum qo perfungi ; cum qo militare: to serve under aby in a c, qo imperatore, qo imperante, sub qo merere ; sub qo, or sub cs signis militare ; cs castra sequi : to serve one's first c, militiam auspicari : he has served in many a c, in bello multum versatus est ; multa stipendia habuit : a man who has never served in a c, homo nullius stipendii ; qui nunquam castra vidit : to re-open the c, copias ex hibernaculis extrabere: tounder take a c. against, proficisci contra qm. CAMPHOR, s. *camphora. — camphorated, *cam- phora imbutus. CAN, s. cantharus; hirnea: a small c, birntlla. CAN, v. n. posse: I c, possum.— licet mihi (of permission). I cannot put to sea on account of the weather, per tempestatem mihi navigare non licet. / c. do it, copia, or potestas mihi est cs rei faciendae, or merely cs rei : he could have lived more freely, liberius vivendifult ci potestas. J cannot at present adopt your advice, non est integrum consilio jam uti tuo : he explained the thing so clearly, that all could understand it, rem tarn perspicue explicuit, ut omnes intelligerent. — who c. doubt? quis dubitet? — one c. easily understand, facile intelligitur. — Themislocles could not be at rest, non licuit esse otioso Tbemistocli. — / cannot, non possum; non queo; nequeo.— Some- times 'can' is expressed by esse, with the gerund in do. — he c. pay, est solvendo; he c. bear the load, est oneri ferendo. — || / cannot (= I cannot fairly), often by nihil or non habeo, quod ; non habeo, cur &c. — I can- not find any fault with old age, nihil habeo, quod in- cusem senectutem. I cannot agree with you, non habeo, quod tibi in ea re assentiar. — ii I speak as loud as I can, quam possum maxima voce dico.— this man cannot go wrong, non est in hoc homine peccandi locu3. — as well as I c, promeis viribus; pro facultate; quan- tum in me or in mea potestate situm or positum est; ut potero. Do what you c. to get it d»ne, operam, ut fiat, da. — to be more than one c. do, vires excedere. — || Can is sometimes rendered by scio ; I c paint, pingere scio: so cannot by nescio. — 1| Cannot but, facere non possum, quin (with subj.). — non possum non (with inf.). The soul cannot but be immortal, fieri non potest ut animus sit mor talis. — [posse and quire were originally transitive: posse denotes being able, as a consequence of power and strength, = 6vvap.at : quire, as the consequence of complete qualification, = otos re elju< : hence in the best writers only in neg. sentences, or sentences ihathuvea neg. character, as many hypothet. sentences have; whereas valere and pollere are intransitive: hence we say, possum or queo vincere, but valeo or polleo ad vincendum]. CANAILLE, s. vulgus ; multitudo de plebe; multi- tudo obscura et humilis; sentlna reipublica; or urbis; ("sex populi : one of the c, unus de multis, or e multis. CANAL, s. canalis. fossa, (when it connects two rivers or pieces of water). To make a c , fossam facere, depri- mere. They had promised to make a navigable c. from the lake Avernus to the mouths of the Tiber, ab lacu Averno navigabilem fossam usque ad ostia Tiberina depressuros, promiserant ( Tac. Ann. 15, 42, 2). CANARY, s. a species of wine, brought from the Canaries, *vinum Canariense. CANARY-BIRD. s. *fringilla Canaria (Linn.). CANARY-GRASS, s. phalaris Canariensis. CANCEL, inducere (strike out; resolution, decree, 8(c); abrogare; delere; rescindere. — [Syn in Annul] — to c. the laws and customs of Lycurgus, Lycurgi leges moresque abrogare (L.).— omnes leges una rogatione delere (Cic). — a will, testamentum rescindere (Q). — a man's decrees, decreta rescindere (Suet.). CANCER, || A crab-fish, cancer, G. cancri: also the sign of the summer solstice. The sun is going through the sign of c, sol cancri signum transit.— || A virulent sore, canceroma, atis, or carcindma, Stis (KapKivaip.a). CANCEROUS, adj. canceraticus (late). CANCERATE, v. to become a cancer, cancerare (late). CANDID, adj. sincerus; simplex; apertus: a c. man, homo apertae voluntatis, simplicis ingenii, veritatis amicus. CANDIDLY, sincere; vere; candide; simpliciter ; genuine; sinedolo; sine fraude : to confess c, aperte et ingenue confiteri : to judge c, incorrupte et integre judicare : I will speak c. what I think, quid ipse sen- tiam, vere, ingenue, ex animi sententia dicam: to speak c, ut ingenue or aperte dicam. CAN CAP CANDIDATE, candidatus ; for the consulship, c&n- didatus consularis ; for the ministry, *candidatus eccle- siasticus : to perform the duty of a c, munere can- didatorio fungi {Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2). A c. not only for the consulship, but for immortality and glory, candidatus non consulates tantum, sed imraortalitatis et glorias (Plin. Paneg.). CANDLE, candela; of wax, candela cerea; of tal- low, candela sebacea, or sebata, or without candela, se- baceus : to make tallow c.'s, candelas sebare (Col. 2, 21, 3. Schneid.). — make mould c , candelas in formam fundere. — to light a c, candelam accendere. — to study by c.-light, lucubrare. A work by c.-light, lucubratio. CANDLEMAS, {the feast of the Purification of the blessed Virgin), *dies Mariae purificatae sacer. CANDLE-SNUFFER, emunctorium (Vulg. Exod. 25, 38). CANDLESTICK, candelabrum. — a bed-c, can- delabrum manuale. — a branched c, candelabrum bra- chiatum. CANDOUR, sinceritas; integritas ; simpllcitas; animi candor. — Justus sine mendacio candor (Veil.). — (tua simplicitas, tua Veritas, tuus candor : Plin. Paneg.). CANDY, v. *saccharo condire : candied, *saccharo conditus. *saccharo liquefacto obducere (cover with candied sugar). — to candy, intr.) in crystallos abire (crystallize). CANE, arundo (reed: large thick stalk of the reed). — canna (smaller, rush). — calamus (thinner halm of the reed).— made of c, arundineus, canneus: abounding in c, arundinosus. \\A walking stick, baculus, or baculum, scipio. — to lean on a c, inniti baculo ; artus baculo sustinere: to cane, or strike with a c, fustem ci impingere [f ustis and ferula denote sticks for striking ; scipio and baculus, for walking]. CANE, v. See 'strike with a cane,' in Cane, s. CANINE, adj. canlnus. — to be seized with c. mad- ness, efferari rabie canina. CANISTER, s. pyxis, idis. theca.— a tin-c, pyxis stannea. capslila. — the sign of the golden b., *aureae pyxidis signum. CANKER, s. carcinSma (Cato, Cels. fyc). — c.-worm, eruca. campe, es, or cam pa, ae. CANKER, TR.)corrumpere. iNTR.)corrumpi; vitiari. CANNIBAL, s. *humana came vescens. The Scythians are c.'s, Scythae corporibus hominum ves- cuntur, ejusque victus alimento vitam ducunt. CANNON, s. bellicum tormentum. — to load a c, •pulverem cum globo in tormentum indere: to fire off a c, *tormentum emittere: to cannonade a city, *ur- bem tormentis verberare. — || Cannon-ball, telum tormento missum (Clo gesserunt; qui bellica laude floruerunt; imperatores summi. |j Centurio (not or- dinum ductor) ; of a ship, navarohus (vavapxot), navis praefectus; of freebooters, latronum or praedonum dux; of pirates, archipirata. A c. of the guard, praetoriae cohortis praefectus. CAPTAINCY, centuriatus. From the hope of get- ting his c, spe ordinis. CAPTAINSHIP, belli administratio. imperium ; ductus ; piaefectura. CAPTION, comprehensio (act of taking any person). CAPTIOUS, captiosus; fallax ; insidiosns. To put a c. question, captiose interrogare ; captiosissimo ge- nere interrogationis uti : to answer c. questions, cap- tiosa solvere. — dolosus; subdblus ; fraudulentus; (eager to controvert) jurgiosus ; rixosus ; rixae cupidus; lit i - giosus; litium cupidus: to be very c, mira esse ad litigaudum, or ad rixandum, alacritate ; altercandi or rixandi studiosus. — auceps verborum. CAPTIOUSLY, captiose ; insidiose ; dolose. CAPTIOUSNESS, altercandi or rixandi studium ; alacritas ad litiRandum. CAPTIVATE, capere; in ditionem, potestatemque cs redigere. || To charm, attrahere, capere, allicere {a person or person's mind). The picture captivates the eyes, tabula oculos tenet. CAPTIVE, s. \captus; captivus; in custodiam CAPTIVE, adj. J datus ; custodiae or vinculis man- datus: to make c , vincuia ci injicere ; vinculis colli- gare ; vincire catenis: the mind cannot be held c, animo vincuia injici non possunt. CAPTIVITY, captivitas; servitus. To be in c, custodia teneri; in vinculis esse : to be put into c, in custodiam, or in vincuia mitti. CAPTOR, qui capit ; qui secum deducit. CAPTURE, captura. quod capit qs. preeda. || The act of taking, captio; captura. CAPUCHIN, *monachus paenulatus ; monachus cucullatus ; *capucinus. CAR, carrus, or carrum; vehiculum; plaustrum ; currus; carruca; rheda. (S8) CARABINE, see Carbine. CARAVAN, comitatus (see Cces. B. C. 1, 48). CARAVANSARY, xenodocheum (Cod. Just. 1,2, 17). CARAWAY, s. carum (Linn.), careum (Plin.). CARBINE, s. *sclopetum equestre. CARBINEER, s. *eques gravioris armaturae sclo- peto armatus. CARBONADO, s. caro frixa. caro carbonibus usta. CARBONADO, v. carbonibus r.rere. \\ To cut meat across preparatory to broiling, carnem fricare. CARBUNCLE, \\ A gem, carbunculus. \\A tu- mour, vomica, anthrax. CARCASS, corpus mortuum ; corpus hominis mor- tui. corpus exanime and exanimum. cadaver. CARD, s. |i A sort of paper, charta. Visiting c, cliarta salutatrix (Mart. 9, 100, 2). — tessera salutatrix. play ing c.'s, *paginae. — to play at c.'s, *paginis ludere. — a house of c.'s, casa paginis aedificata (aft. H. Sat. 2, 3, 247).— the playing at c.'s, *lusus paginarum. — a c- player, *qui paginis ludit. — to be a great c.-player, ♦lu- dere studiose paginis. || A woo I- co m b, carmen. pecten. CARD, v. pectere; carminare (Varr. Plin.).— Card- ing, carminatio (Plin. 11, 23, 27). CARDER, qui lanam carminat. CARDINAL, s. *cardinalis. *purpuratus pontificis Romani. c.-bishop, *episcbpus cardinalis. — c.'s hat, *tiara cardinalis. — cardinalship, *dignitas cardinalis. — to be promoted to the cardinalship, *in sacrum purpu- ratorum collegium cooptari. CARDINAL, adj. C. virtues, quatuor partes or fontes honestatis ; quatuor partes, a quibus omnis honestas manat. genera quatuor, ex quibus honestas ofneiumquemanat. quatuor loci, in quos bonesti naiura visque dividitur (C. Off. 1,6, 18, and 43, 152; 1,18,61; 3, 25, 96). — all morality springs fm one or other of the c. virtues, omne, quod honestum est, id quatuor par- tium oritur ex aliqua (ibid. 1, 5, 14). CARE, s. cura; diligentia; curatio cs rei (the care, conduct, fyc. of a thing). C. in a business, accuratio in qa re facienda. Acting with c, diligtns. Made with c, accuratus. With c, accurate; the utmost, diligentis- sime, accuratissime. Without care, sine cura or dili- gentia, soluta cura. To bestow c. upon a thing, curam adhibere de re or in re, curam impendere rei. To undertake the c. of a thing, curationem cs rei suscipere. The c. of that lies upon me, illud est curationis meae. i" have a c. of that, illud mihi curae est. To take c. of, curare ; procurare. Take c. of your health, cura ut valeas. I wish you would have a c. of that matter, ill am rem velim curae habeas. I commit it to your c, mando boc tuae fidei or tibi. To bestow the utmost c. upon any thing, omni cogitatione curaque incumbere in rem; omnes curas et cogitationes conferre in rem. || Con- cern, anxiety, cura; sollicitudo. To bring aby c, sollicitare qm ; curam, sollicitudinem afferre ci ; solli- citum habere qm. To be harassed with c.'s, curis angi ; worn, curis absumi or confici. To throw off all c.'s, curas abjicere. Be without c. ! noli laborare ! bono sis animo ! To be in c. and anxiety, anxio et sollicito esse animo. To free aby fm c, liberare qm cura or solli- citudine ; solvere qm curis ; adimere ci curas. || Th e object of care, cura. This is my c, hoc mihi curee est. \\ Caution, cautio, circumspectio. To have a c , cavere, ne &c. ; videre, ne &c. ; of a thing, cavere qd, praecavere ab qa re. To act with c, omnia circum- spicere. To use all possible care, omne genus cautionis adhibere. To take c. for, consulere, prospicere, servire ci rei ; providere qd or ci rei, prospicere qd. CARE, v. grieve, sollicitudinem habere, aegritudine affici, se afhictare. To c. about a thing, laborare, solli- citum esse de re. || To c. for a thing, attend to it, take c. of it, regard it, laborare de qa re; curare qd; curae mihi estqd; cs rei rationem habere or ducere; qd respicere; ci rei prospicere. Not to c. for, negli- gere, non curare. To c. for nothing at all, nihil omnino curare (of the gods) ; soluto et quieto esse animo (of men). To c. about other men's business, aliena curare. I c. not ivhat others think, non euro, quid alii censeant. What c. I about that matter? quid mihi cum ilia re? || To care for, i.e. regard, lov e, colere, diligere, magni facere. || / do not care (i. e. I would rather not), non euro (with infin.). CAREEN, v. a ship; navem in latus inclinare ad carinam reficiendam. navem nova fundare carina (0. Pont. 4, 3, 5). — navis carinam denuo collocate (Plaul. Mil. 3, 3, 41). Careening, navis carinae refectio. CAREER, curriculum; stadium; circus; cursus. Nature has given us a short c. of life, an immense c. of glory, exiguum nobis vitae curriculum natura circum>- scripsit, immensum gloriae (C). CAR CAR CAREFUL, \\ Provident, cautious, cautus.— pro- vidus. chvumspectus. consideratus. — Jn. cautus pro- vidusque ; cautus ac diligens. — curiosus (applying mi- nute care, esply in investigations : of persons). — diligens (proceeding or made with exact attention, Src. : of per- sons and things). — accuratus (of things only, made with care). To be c. in alhg, curam adhibere de or in qa, re : curiosum or diligentem esse in qa re: diligentiam ad- hibere ad qd or in qa. re ; curam conferre ad qd. \\ Trou- bled, sollicitus. anxius.— Jn. anxius ac sollicitus. cura et sollicitudine affectus. To be c. in words and actions, circumspicere dicta, factaque. CAREFULLY, adv. diligenter; provide; caute. curiose ; accurate (of things only). To go c. to work, cir- cumspectius facere qd ; cautionem adhibere in qa re : very c, omne cautionis genus adhibere in qa re. CAREFULNESS, cura (opp. levitas).— diligentia (opp. negligentia). Jn. cura et diligentia. — accuratio in qa re facienda. ('in inveniendis componendisque rebus mi ra accuratio,' C. Brut. 67, 238: this is indeed the only passage, but why is not a single passage ofC. enough?)— sollicitudo (anxiety).— providentia (/ore- thought).— circumspectio. cautio. (Curam ego verbo- rum, rerum volo esse sollicitudinem. Q. 8, 20.) CARELESS, securus (unconcerned, fm an opinion of safely). — imprudens (want of proper foresight : opp. pa- ratus). — socoisistupidly thoughtless). — incuriosus(«;a«tf- ing activity and proper care: indifferent). — the enemy being thus rendered the more careless, suddenly meet the Consul Lucretius, eo solutiore cura hostes in Lucretium incidunt consulem. — negligens (opp. diligens). — in qa re negligens ac dissolutus; parum accuratus. — c- in house-keeping, dissolutus ac negligens in re familiari ; — c. dress, cultus corporis parum accuratus. CARELESSLY, sine cura; secure; incuriose (Post- Aug.). negligenter. — dissolute (in a careless, expensive way). — indiligenter. CARELESSNESS, securitas (freedom fm care and fm fear of danger).— imprudentia (want of foresight). — socordia (want of thought, observation, 8cc.).— incuria (want of activity and good heed: indifference). —negli- gentia (negligence and indifference). — C. in dress, cultus corporis parum accuratus. The fire is the result of c , negligemia qa incendii casus oritur (Paul. Dig.) : of c. on the part of the inhabitants, incendium culpa fit inha- bitantium (Paul. Dig.). C. in writing letters, negli- gentia epistolarum (the writing seldom) ; indiiigentia liter arum (negligence in the composition of letters). CARESS, blandiri ci (with words or gestures), per- mulcere qm; permulcere qm manu (to stroke with the hand). — amplexari et osculari qm (to clasp and kiss). — palpare, or palpari (to stroke gently). CARESSES, blanditiae ; blandimenta. To load with c.'s, multa blandimenta ci dare.— 1| Embrace, ara- piexus. — complexus. CARGO, onus navi impositum; fm context onus only. — To discharge her c, navem exonerare. CARICATUKE, vultus in pejus Actus (ugly, dis- torted likeness. H.). To make a c. of aby, imaginem cs lascivia jocorum proponere ridf-ntium circulis (Plin. 36, 5, 4 : no 2. § 12). [Kraft gives pictura praeter modum deformis.] CARICATURE, v. See 'make a Caricature.' CARICATURIST, Crcl. *qui cs ores rei fictam in pejus imaginem proponit ridentium circulis. CARIES, ossium vitiatorum caries. CARIOUS, carie infectus; cariosus. A c. bone, os carie infectus. CARK, aegritudinem suscipere ex re; maerore con- fici; maerore se conficere. Car Icing cares, sollicitudines mordaces (It. Od. 1, 18, 4). CARLE, homo agrestis. See Churl. CARMAN, rei vehiculariae magister ; carri ductor. CARMELITE, *(monachus) carmelita (white friar). CARMINATIVE, quod inflationem levat, discutit. CARMINE, coccum; adj. coccineus (crimson colour). CARNAGE, caedes ; trucidatio (non pugna erat, sed trucidatio velut pecorum). The c. is universal, caedes omnia obtinet. To make a c, caedem or stragem edere or facere.— ingenti caede hostes prosternere.— qm ad internecionem casdere. CARNAL, voluptarius (in a less evil seme).— libidi- nosus (without restraint).—^ voluptates propensus ; voluptatibus or rebus venereis deditus ; libidinum plenus — libidine accensus (where a single instance and not a habit is implied). — impudicus (without shame). A c. life, vita libidinosa ; vita libidinibus dedita, or in libidines effusa: to be c, libidini deditum esse; libidi- num plenum esse. CARNALITY, libido; voluptatis studium. CARNALLY, libidinose. To be c.-minded, libidini- bus servire. CARNATION, candor carnosus (Plin. 11, 37, 54).— carnis color.— 1| The flower, dianthus caryophyllus (Linn.). CARNEOUS, carnosus (applied to fruits). CARNIVAL, ^Saturnalia, quibus personati discur- runt homines. To celebrate c, prps *ante jejunia an- nua comissari. [Georges gives Libero patri operari.] CARNIVOROUS, qui came, or carnibus, vescitur. -carnivorus (Plin. 9, 24, 40, and 10, 73, 93). CARNOSITY (a fleshy excrescence), polypus, polypus carnosus : he who has it, potyposus {Mart. 12, 37, 2). CAROL, *cantus laetus (song of joy).— hymnus (to the Deity).~\\ S on g,Yii>. cantilena; canticum ; cantio. CAROL, cantare : in praise of aby, cs laudes cantu prosequi. See Sing. CAROUSAL, comissatio. — Mg^T compotatio used in several passages of C, but only as a transl. of the Greek avfiiroaiov, never as a Rom. expression. CAROUSE, potare, comissari : whole days, totos dies potare or perpotare: for several days together, diem noctemque continuare potando : till evening, per- potare ad vesperum. CARP, cyprlnus (Plin. 9, 16, 25, Hard.).— cyprinus carpio (Linn.). Young c, fetus cyprinorum. A pond for c, cyprinorum piscina. CARP at, carper e. vellicare. maledico ore vellicare (maliciously). To c. at indirectly, qm obliquis orati- onibus carpere; qm oblique perstringrre; jaculari in qm obliquis sententiis ; cavillari qm or qd. The sol- diers carped at Sabinus, Sabinus militum vocibus carpebatur : to c. at every body, dicteria dicere ia omnes : to c. at every thing, omnia in vitium vertere : to c. at bitterly, acerbis facetiis qm irridere. CARPENTER, faber tignarius, or materiarius (as a worker in wood). — faber aedium (as employed in build- ing). A ship c, faber navalis. The guild of c.'s, col- legium fabrorum tignariorum (Inscr.). CARPENTRY, \\ The art, fabrica materiaria (Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 198); opera fabrilis (Sen. Benef. 6, 38, 3). CARPER, reprehensor; vituperator; objurgator; castigator (in single instances).— homo minima re ad reprehendendum contentus (the habitual c). — irrisor; irridens (one who makes himself merry with carping at persons and things). — cavillator (who avails himself of the merest quibbles in carping).— derisor; deridens (who carps insultingly).— irrisor petulans (who c.'s pertly). CARPET, v. tapete or -is sternere, insternere. CARPET, tapes (rdnn<;), or Latinized, tapetum (a c, cmly shaggy and interwoven with different colours and figures, to adorn walls, tubles, beds, floors, and also horses).— peristroma, Stis, n. (nepiij.a.), or in pure Lat., stragulum; peripetasma, atis, n. To bring on the c, conimemorare qd, mentionem cs rei facere, in- ferre, injic re. movere or commovere qd (to start .-'e.g. nova quaedam). — injicere qd (in sermone). — in medium proferre qd (to bring it forward). — Jn. commemorare et in medium proferre : to bring a subject often on the c, mentionem cs rei agitare ; crebro or crebris ser- nionibus usurpare qd : a subject was brought on the c, incidit sermo de qa re. CARRIAGE, veetio, gestatio. portatio (as an act. Syn. in Carry).— vectura (also money paid for c; also vecturae pretium). To pay for the c, pro vectura solvere. — 1| Vehiculum (of any sort). — currus (with wheels, and formed for rapid motion).— chiramaxium ( for children to be drawn by the hand. Petron. 28, 4).— carpentum (one of the most ancient c.'s, ornamented, for ladies).— currus arcuatus (a c. with an arched covering', for the Flamines, L. 1, 21). — pilentum (a lofty four- wheeled c. for matrons, when they carried with them the vessels used in sacred rites. Serv.). — tensa, or thensa (a four-wheeled c, on wch the images of the gods were carried in MeLudi Circenses with cushions, pulvinaria). — cisium (a two-wheeled c. for fast travelling, a cabrio- let). — rheda (a Gallic word; a larger four-wheeled c, to contain several persons with their luggage). — 1| Gait', incessus. CARRIER, qui affert, defert, perfert, &c — tabel- larius (a letter-c.).—geiu\us (a porter).— aquarius (a water-c). A c. pigeon, *columba tabellaria. CARRION, cadaver ; often expressed by morticinus with a subst., as, ovis morticina, c. sheep: looking like c. is expressed by cadaverosus : the smell of c, cada- veris or cadaverum odor. CARROT, daucus sativus (Linn.). CARROTINESS, rufus color. CARROTY, rufus. C.-haired, capillo rufo (as ugly i capillo rutilo implies beautt/). H2 CAR CAS CARRY, sustinere (to lift up and retain stationary). — ferre (to c. as a load).— bajulare (to c. on the shoulder, as a pack). — portare (to transport from one place to another).— gtrere; gestare (to c. about, whether on the back, or in the arms, or hand). — veliere; vectare (to convey by means of beasts or slaves, whether perso?is or things, fm one place to another). To c. a boy in the arms, in manibus gestare puerum. To c. loads on the b., as beasts of burden, onera dorso gerere sicut ju- menta. To be carried through the city in a litter, lec- tica ferri or portari, gestari or vehi per urbem. My feet c. me of their own accord to your room, ad diaetam tuam ipsi me pedes ducunt (Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1). To c. one's all with one, omnia sua secum portare. To c. home, domum ferre. To c. oneself home, or make one- self scarce, domum se auferre (Com.). To c. to the grace, funere efferre, or merely efferre. A gun c.'s far, e tormento tela longissime mitti possunt. To c. a gold chain, aureo torque ornatum esse. To c. a sword, gladio cinctum or succinctum esse. To c. a point, adipisci ; assequi; consequi. To c. one's self honorably, honeste se gerere. To c. to account, in rationem in- ducere, or merely inferre or inducere.— ||Carry away, abducere, deducere; avehere, devehere {by any convey- ance).— vi abducere; vi abstrahere (by force). — furto subducere (by stealth). To be carried away by the stream, vi fluminis abreptum esse. — 1| Carry off (= destroy), see Destroy.— || Carry out or through, ad finem perducere ; absolvere ; exsequi.— 1| Carry on an art or profession, artem exereere ; factitare : to c. on with spirit, omni studio incumbere in qd; diligenter persequi qd ; sum m a industria versari in re. — !l Carryover, transportare ; transvehere (by land or water). — transmittere ; trajicere (by water). — 1| To c. a point, vincere; to c. the day, victoriam consequi or adipisci ; victoriam reportare ; superiorem or viciorem discedere ; palmam ferre ; victoriam referre (ex qo) ; victoriam reportare ab or de qo. — Prov. to c. coals to Newcastle, ligna in silvam ferre : a thing to extremities, ultima experiri: « thing too far, modum excedere in re: water through aby's land, aquam per fundum cs ducere : aby's demands to aby, cs ad qm postulata de- ferre : to c. a town by assault, urbem vi or per vim ex- pugnare ; vi or impetu capere : to c. it high, or with a high hand, insolentem, superbum, &c, se gerere; to c. a bill through, legem perferre. rogationem perferre. CART, carrus or carrum (a four-wheeled waggon, for baggage of war). — plaustrum (with two or four wheels, for burden of all sorts). — plostellum (little c. ; also a play c. for children).— vehiculum (g. t ). To put the c. before the horse, praepostere or perturbato ordine agere (cum qo). What can be more completely putting the c. before the horse ? quid tam perversum praeposterumque excogitari potest? (C.) Don't put the c. before the horse, (videndum est) ne quid perturbatum aut dis- crepans aut praeposterum sit (C.). — \\ A child's c, chrramaxium (Pttron.). CART, v. plaustro vehere or invehere (carry in a c). — in plaustrum imponere (put into). To be carted, plaustro vehi or invehi. CART-GREASE, axungia. CART-HORSE, equus vectuarius (g.t. for horse that draws: aft. Schneider's conject. at Varr. R.R. 2, 7, 15, where neither vectarius nor vectorius is suitable).— ju- mentum (any beast of burden or for draught). — caballus (any horse for common use or labour). CART-HOUSE (or shed), *receptaculum vehicu- lorum or plaustrorum. CARTE-BLANCHE, licentia. To give aby c.-b., in- finitam licentiarn ci dare, largiri or permittere. potes- tatem ci facere, concedere. CARTEL, ^Stipulation for exchange of pri- soner s, pactio de captivis et transfugis permutandis. — 1| Hostile message, *literae (ad certamen singu- lare) provocantes. CARTER, plaustrarius (Ulp. Dig.). CARTILAGE, cartilago. CARTILAGINOUS, cartilaginosus (having much cartilage). — cartilagineus (like cartilage). CARTOUCHE, *embolorum theca (cartridge-box). CARTRIDGE, «embolus (t. t.). C.-box, *embo- lorum theca. CARTULARY, tabulinum or tablinum (place in a Roman house where papers were kept).— tabularium (place where public records are kept: later archivum. archium. grammatophylacion). CART WRIGHT, plaustrarius artifex (late) ; vehicu- larius artifex (g. t.). CARVE, ccelare (fm koT\os: to work figures in relief on metals, esply silver, ivory, fyc. also in wood. Virg. — (100) Freund writes cselare).— scalpere. sculpere (the former of work but little raised, like %ietv: the latter like fXvcpeiv, of works in half or whole relief. So Miiller, Archceol. 108).— insculpere. — scribere. inscribere (of cutting inscriptions). To c. uthg in gold, qd auro or in auro ccelare : to c. in stone, qd e saxo sculpere or exsculpere : to c. in marble, to c. statues in marble, sealpere marmora (C): to c. flowers, scalpere flores (Vitr.). To c. athg on a tree or wood, qd in robore insculpere.— 1| To c. meat, secare. scindere \a whole an/mat). — in frusta excutere (of dividing into small portions what had been partially carved. Sen.) — carpere (of dividing into portions with the fingers. Petr.). — 1| To c. out a way or passage with one's sword, ferro sibi viam facere. — || Apportion or arrange arbitrarily for oneself, qd sibi arripere : *qas res, prout libet (or ad arbitrium suum, ad libidinun, &c), describere ac disponere. To c. secundum artem, certis ductibus cir- cumferre manum eruditam (Sen.): to c. well, decemer secare qd (e. g. altilia. Sen ). CARVEL, navicula. parvulum navigium (g. t.). — lenunculus (a small bark). — actuariolum (a small, low- built and light vessel, with sails and oars). CARVER, || At table, scissor, carptor (g. t.). — chironomon (xeipovopvbv : so far as he does it with flourishes of the hand, fyc. ; sis to music. See Petron. 36, 6).— structor (he who lays out the table, since he was often also the c). — qui opsonium carpit (who is actually carving). — 1| Sculptor, Vid. CARVING, coelatura. sculptnra. scalptura [Syn. in Carve]. — 1| As thing, cceiamen (0.). — signum (any plastic work: opp. tabulae, picturas) [See Statue ] — || Act of c. meat, fyc, Crcl. by verbs under Carve. CARUNCLE, caruncula (C). — sarcoma, atis. CARYATES, CARYATIDES, Caryatides. CASCADE, water-fall, dejectus aquae (a place where the water actually falls). — aquaa ex edito desili- entes (falling fm a height. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 23. See § 37, description of an artificial waterfall). — $*^T cataracta only of the cataracts of the Nile. CASE, || Covering, fyc, theca (g. t. ; e.g. of a razor). — vagina (sheath, for a long cutting or sticking instrument).— involucrum (wrapper, covering: e.g. of a shield, papers, fyc). — 1| State of things, casus (but al- ways in the meaning of accidental circumstance, casualty, fyc. : hence ' in such a c' must not be hoc casu, in hoc ca>u). — res (thing, circumstance, fyc. ; esply of the hap- pening, fyc, of a c). — causa (special c. that is also a cause or ground; as in C. Off 3, 12, 50, incidunt saape causae, quum repugnare utilitas honestati videtur). — locus (a position, a consideration, a portion of a whole subject ; as in cui loco — consulite ac providete. C. 1 Verr. 15, 43). — tempus. occasio (occasion; state of things at any time). I have often been in this c, aiiquoties ean- dem rem expertus sum ; aiiquoties idem mihi accidit (evenit): the c. often occurs, res sa?pe accidit, usu venit ; that fyc, sa?pe accidit, ut &c. : if the c. should occur, si usus veniat or venerit ; si quando usus esset ; si casus incident (only Plane, in C. Ep. 10, 21, 13): (special) c.'s often occur, fyc, saepe incidunt causae or tempora: the c. may occur, fieri potest, usu venire potest : the c. cannot occur, non potest accidere tem- pus : this was seldom the c , hoc raro incidebat. In any c, utcunque res ceciderit (however it may turn out); certe. profecto(a£ all events). In c. of necessity, si quid facto opus esset (e'i rt deot. s. Cas. B. G. 1, 42). In an urgent c, in a c. of extreme necessity, necessario tem- pore (Cces. B. G. 7, 40, med.). In good c. (fat, well- liking), nitidus, pinguis, &c. To be in good c, nitere, nitidum or pinguem esse. To be prepared for every possible c, ad omnem eventum or ad omnes ca^us paratum esse. In aby's c, in qo (e. g. in the c. of the Nervii, in Nerviis). In no c. neutiquam. omnino non. nullo modo. nullam in partem : to find oneself in such a c, in ea esse conditione : in the same c, in eadem esse conditione: if I were in that c, isto loco si essem: his is a -different c, who fyc, alia causa est ejus, qui &c. : that is not the c, that is another c, alia res est ; aliud est : is not this the c. in every nation? an hoc non ita fit in omni populo? To suppose a c, or the c, fin- gere; facere; ponere : let us suppose the c, that fyc. ringamus (faciamus, &c.) rem ita esse. Supposing the c. that, quo (hoc) posito (not posito o?ily). — 1| In c. that (= 'on the supposition that;' 'if'), si, also si est, ut &c. (Vorst. de Lat. falso susp.) si forte: even in c, fyc, etiam si (tuplicato veneunt (Plin.). — But CEN CES g5g° this was the monthly interest: hence centesimae was our 12 per c., binse centesimae our 24 per c, %c. But the Roman form may be retained by adding in sin- gulos annos. See Interest. CENTAUR, centaurus. Of the c.'s, centaureus (H.): centauricus (Stat.). CENTAURY, centaureum. The greater c, cen- taureum majus (*Centaurea Centaurium, Linn.). — centaureum minus (*Gentiana Centaurium, Linn.). CENTENARY, centum annorum.— centenarius (a man of 100 years old). CENTESIMAL, centesimus. CENTO, cento (e. g. ' cento nuptialis,' the title of one of Ausonius's poems : properly a garment of patch-work). CENTRAL, in medio positus. medms. centralis. A c. school, *schola provincialis : c. force, *vis centralis: c. heat, *ignis centralis. A c. point, punctum in medio positum. CENTRE, s. || Of a circle, centrum (nevrpov).— punctum in medio situm. — 1| Of a place, medius cs rei locus (e. g. of the earth, medius mundi universi locus). — media cs rei pars (ggp" in oblique cases, loc. pars often omitted: e. g. in medio or in media urbis). — Mly by medius in agreement : the c. of the line, media acies ; also medii: of the island, media insula: to break through the c. of the enemy's line, per mediam aciem hostium perrumpere : to be situated in the c. of any place, in medio qo loco situm esse : — Examples like altera arx urbis media est, ' is in the c. of the city,'' are rare. jj^§T (1) Avoid centrum except for the c. of a circle. Plin. has centrum cceli, solis, terra?, &c, but these bodies were supposed ' disks.' Cic. uses for ' the c. of the earth,' medius terrae locus. — (2) A void umbilicus, wch Cic. uses only of Greek places, as a transl. of the Greek op.(pa\o?. CENTRE, v. consistere. positum or situm esse in qa re. constare penes qm (Cces.). verti, contineri, stare, or niti qa re. pendere ex qo or ex qa re. effici qa re. less freq. residere in qa re (C). The whole of morality c.'s in the performance of duty, in officio colendo sita vitae est honestas omnis (C). At that time all the prospects of the state centred in Marius, ea tempestate spes atque opes civitatis in Mario sitas (S). CENTUPLE, by adj. centuplicatus (not to be con- founded with centuplex, a hundred-fold). — centuplus (a hundred times as much. Vulg. Ev. Luc. 8, 8). CENTURION, centurio. CENTURY, \\A hundred, centum (distributive, centeni). The number o/ 100, centuria. § Space of 100 years, centeni anni; centum annorum spatium. — saeculum (a 'generation ' = according to Etrusc. and Rom. computation, 100 years). \\ Division of the Roman people, centuria: by c.'s, centuriatim : to divide into c.'s, centuriare : division by e.'s, centuriatus. CEPHALIC, capiti utilis.— cepbalicus (Cels.). CERATE, ceratum or cerotum. CERE, cerare, incerare. CEREMONIAL, ritus. — mos receptus. Court c, ritus ac modus, ad quem rex colitur, or colendus est (aft. Curt. 8, 5, 19). CEREMONIOUS, sollemnis. A c. person, «homo nimis officiosus, nimis urbanus. CEREMONIOUSNESS, *molesta urbanitas. CEREMONY, ritus (g. t. for a received mode of per- forming solemn offices). — caerimonia. ritus sacri (relig. ceremony or riles).— ofUcmm. (conventional form of cour- tesy). Without c, ambagibus missis or positis (going straight to the point). — sine mora (without delay). — citra honorem verborum (without complimentary speeches). Master of the ceremonies, magister offici- orum or aulae. magister admissionum (all belonging to the time of the Emperors). CERTAIN, certus (g.t. both objectively of persons and things, whose nature is c. ; and subjectively of a person who feels c, fyc.) — firmus (firm, resisting any attempt to alter or destroy it : hence unchangeable, of things and persons). — stabilis (not yielding or varying, stedfast: of persons and things). — constans (steady, consistent: opp. varius, mobilis).— fidus (wch may be confidently trusted : of persons and also of things, as in pax fida). — Jn. certus et constans ; firmus et con- stans. — exploratus (the truth or certainty of wch has been ascertained). — status (fixed, not subject to alter- ation : e. g. cursus siderum, Plin.). — ratus (calcu- lated; hence settled, immutable : e. g. in omni aeterni- tate rati immutabilesque siderum cursus).— Jn. ratus et certus ; constans et ratus ; ratus atque firmus ; stabilis, fixus, ratus; certus, ratus, firmus, fixus. — indubius, non dubius (not indubitatus in good prose). — finitus. defiuitus (defined, marked out accurately : also (105) | of notions). — Jn. certus et definitus. A c. income, reditus status : c. expenses, expensae statae (opp. sump- tus fortuiti) : a c. friend, amicus certus, fidus, firmus et stabilis : c. death, mors praesens : death is c, mors nos omnes manet : a c. remedy, remedium praesens . is this c. ? satin hoc certum est ? to live in the c. hope, fyc, certo sperare : non dubiam spem habere: that he might make c. of this, $c., ut hac de re certior fierer, &c. : without being c. of the fact, sine certa re (Cces. B. G. 5, 29) : to know f r c, certo scire, less cmly certe scire [Pract. Intr. ii. 560—2], also pro certo scire. I know it for c, certum scio ; certo scio ; certo com- peri ; certum or pro certo habeo : to know alhg on c. authority, qd certis auctoribus comperisse : to assert athy as c, pro certo affirmare qd: that my letter may be the more c. to reach you, quo fidelius literae ad te perferantur: by or agst a c. day, ad diem; ad diem dictum, constitutum, praestitutum ; in diem certum. g^" Certain may sts be transl. by non dubito (or non dubium est) quin. ' It is c. that the thing may be done,' non dubito (or non dubium est, or non videtur esse dubium) quin hoc fieri possit. || In definitely, quidam (Wr : g. t. of what one purposely does not, or fm want of knowledge cannot, name: often contemp- tuously, as in homines quidam, &c). — certus (stronger than quidam : of what one has good reasons for n<4 choosing to name : quibusdam de causis, for c. reasons, wch the hearer or reader may or may not divine, but wch the speaker does not think it necessary to mention ; certis de causis, for reasons wch the hearer or reader cannot know, but wch the speaker does not think it advisable to mention). — nescio qui or nescio quis (somebody or other, the speaker himself does not exactly know who : ace. to Gorenz, nescio quis, with something of depreciation). CERTAINLY, || With certainty, certo. certe (certo objective: certe subjective. See Pr. Intr. ii. 561. Certo hardly occurs in C. except in certo scire, wch is more common than certe scire). — liquido (clearly, when the statement is asserted to be manifestly true). — baud dubie. sine ulla dubitatione. profecto ('assuredly:' a strong assertion that the thing is so : also ' surely,' ' doubtless,' in assumptions). — nae ( = profecto, but stands always at the beginning of a sent., and mly before pers. pronouns). — sane (c. ; in the judgement of every sound mind; also in replies). — nimirum (o/ara assertion wch it would be strange if you did not grant : e. g. nimirum recte: — omnibus regibus — hunc regem nimirum anteponetis. C). — utique (a restrictive particle of as- sertion : in C. principally in his letters with subj., impe- rat., and other expressions of a wish, advice, or com- mand. Pr. Intr. ii. 897). — J am c. persuaded, persua- sum est mini; persuasi mihi. I shall c. do, $c, certum est mihi (qd facere); certum est delibera- tumque ; stat sententia ; statutum habeo. ggfT Cer- tainly may often be transl. by non dubito, quin &c. ; non dubium est (or videtur esse) quin. ' This may c. be accomplished,' non dubito, quin hoc fieri possit, &c. ' It appeared fm this letter that he would c. arrive before that day,' prorsus ex his Uteris non videbatur esse du- bium, quin ante earn diem venturus esset (C). — The certainty of the event may sts be omitted by adding an expression of positiveness to the assertion: this letter says that he will c. arrive, fyc, hae literaa plane declarant eum — venturum esse, &c. \\ In an- swer s, certe (certainly). — vero (assuredly : an emphatic assent). — recte (a polite form of assent). — ita. ita est, sic est (just so). — ita plane (exactly so ; just so). — etiam. sane, sane quidem (concessive forms). \\At least, at all events, saltern, certe. certe quidem (sfatamen). — If not — yet c, si non — at saltern: si non— certe. CERTAINNESS,\ fides (trustworthiness); certa CERTAINTY, J fides.— firmitas. stabilitas (fix- edness, steadiness). — or by adj. certus, exploratus, non dubius (certitudo must be avoided). || a certainty, res exploratae veritatis. res certissima. — the full or absolute c, Veritas ad liquidum explorata. For 'with c.,' see Certainly. CERTIFICATE, testimonium literarum. CERTIFY, confirmare qd. fidem facere ci rei : any body of alhq, qm certiorem facere de re. CERTITUDE. See Certainty. CERULEAN, caeruleus. CERUMEN, aurium sordes. CERUSE, cerussa : painted with c, cerussatus. CESAREAN. The c. section, sectio or exsectio matris ventris. To perform the c. section or operation, partum mulieri excidere (Marcell. Big.) : to be brought into the world by the c. operation, exsecto matris ventre procreari (Serv. V. JEn. 10, 316, and 7, 761). CESS, s. See Rate, Levy. CES CHA CESS, v. See Assess. CESSATION, intermissio (the giving up for a time). «— omissio {the giving up entirely). — cessatio (the rest- ing : opp. to previous activity: often in a depreci- ating sense). — quies (e. g. per quod tempus, quies cer- taminum erat. L.). — intercapedo (interval during wch athg is interrupted ; interruption : e. g. intercapedinem scribendi facere. C). — interpellatio (interruption of a speaker: hence interruption gen.). Without any c, uno tenore. sineulldintermissione. ^Termination. Vid. CESSION, renunciatio (the giving up entirely).— cessio (the yielding up in favour of another). To make a c. of athg, decedere or desistere qa re or de qa re. CETACEOUS, cetosus (Avien. Arat. 1300). CHACE. See Chase. CHAFE, \\Heat with ru bbing, fricare. *fricando refovere. \\Gall, attereie. See Excoriate. Win- flame with rage, irritare; cs iram concitare or irri- tare. qm in iram concitare. qm incendere, inflammare. qm iratum reddere. cs iram concire. bilem or stoma- chum ci movere or commovere. calefacere qm (C. in the language of conversation). || intr.) gravius commoveri. (ira) incendi. inflammari. exardescere. (ira) excandes- cere. irasci. exardescere iracundia et stomacho (CO- CHAFE, s. aestus. ira. impetus et ira. iracundia. To be in a c, ira incendi, &c. See Chafe, v. CHAFER, scarabaeus. CHAFF, palea: mixed with c, paleatus. Jggp°acus, gris, n. is ' the pointed hair-like prolongation of the husk :' gluma, the husk round the grain in its natural state. CHAFFER, v. liceri de pretio. liceri rem. de pretio contendere. CHAFFERN, *vas excalfactorium. CHAFFINCH, fringilla (Linn.). CHAFFY, paleatus (mixed with chaff). CHAFING-DISH, foculus.— pultarius (properly a vessel in wch puis vjas cooked: also for holding coals for fumigation). [§§£" batiilum was a coal shovel, but stx used as a chafing-dish. CHAGRIN, s. segritudo. sollicitudo. dolor, maeror. to give way to c, segritudini se dedere ; mserori ani- mum dare : fm or for c, prae segritudine or maerore. [Syk. in Grief.] CHAGRIN, v. segritudinem or maerorem afferre ci; molestiam ci afferre or exhibere : to be chagrined at athg, asgritudine or molestia affici ex qS. re. CHAIN, s. catena. — vinculum (g. t. for bond): to put c.'s on aby, catenas ci indere or injicere : aby in c.'s, in catenas qm conjicere: to bind aby with c.'s, catenis vincire or constringere qm : to be or lie in c.'s, in catenis esse : catenis or ferro vinctum esse : in fellers and c.'s, in vinculis et catenis esse : to forge c.'s for aby, ci nectere catenas or vincula (H. Od. 1, 29, 5. V. Eel. 6, 23) : lying in c.'s, bound with c.'s, catenatus. — 1| fig. to break the c.'s of slavery, qm or se in liber- tatem vindicare. [See Yoke.] || C. for ornament, catena or catella (of gold, worn by either sex). — torques (twisted c. of gold for the neck, worn as an honorary dis- tinction by brave soldiers) : wearing such a c, torquatus. || mountain chain, montes continui (f); continua or perpetua montium juga ; juga velut serie cohaerentia ; perpetuo jugo juncti colles ; saltus montibus circum perpetuus inter se juncti ; jugum, quod montes per- petuo dorso inter se jungit. \\ Connected series, continuatio. series. Jn. continuatio seriesque ^catena first used by Gell. in fatum est sempiterna series rerum et catena). A wonderful c. of circumstances, admirabilis continuatio seriesque rerum. A c. of causes, causae alias ex aliis aptae et necessitate nexae. CHAIN, v. catenis vincire or constringere qm, cate- nas ci indere or injicere. CHAIN-ARMOUR, lorlca serta. — lorica conserta hamis (V.). CHAIN-SHOT, *globus catenatus. CHAIN-WORK, *opus catenatum. CHAIR, sedes. sedile (seat, Vid.).-— sella (c. : also of teachers and magistrates). — cathedra (arm or easy c. for women: later, a professor's c). To place a c. for aby, ci sellam apponere. The arm or elbow of a c, arcus sella? (T.)-— ancon (&yierfiv. Cccl. Aur. Tard. 2, 1). — arm-chair, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata (Ca:l. Aur.). — C. of state, solium, sella (ivith epith. : e. g. aurea). sella curulis (according to Mom. custom). — sedan-chair, sella, lectica (lectica = 'palanquin,' the person being recumbent): sella gestatoria (Suet.) : to ride or be carried in a sedan c, lectica or sella vehi : gestamine sellae pervehi (of being carried to a place : e. g. Baias. 2V). CHAIR, v. *qm in sellam impositum humeris sub- levare. (IOC) CHAIRMAN. See President. || Carrier of a chair, lecticarius. CHAISE, carpentum. pilentum. See Carriage. A c.-longue, cathedra supina. CHALCEDONY, «achates Chalcedonicus. CHALDRON, Crcl. by so many modii (mod. = 1 peck, 7.68 sol. inches). CHALICE, calix. See Cup. CHALK, creta. — like c, cretaceus : full of c, cre- tosus : to mark athg with c, creta notare qd : to colour or rub athg with c, incretare qd : to draw athg in c, creta pingere qd (Xevnoypdcpeiv) : to draw in c.'s, mono- chromata pingere. A sketch in c.'s, or c. drawing, monochromatos pictura. C. drawings, monochromata, or (as a style of drawing) monochromatea genera pic- turae (*Plin. 35, 5, 11). CHALK, v. creta notare qd. — incretare qd (to colour with c). || C. ou t, exponere qd (place it clearly before the eyes), qd breviter describere ; or definire et (brevi- ter) describere : qd delineare or adumbrare (to sketch), verbis definire. Jn. definire verbis et describere ; Mustrare verbisque definire. — to c. out a path for one- self, viam sibi munire (ad qd); *certam sibi viam defi- nire, or habere certain et definitam viam, qua &c. (C): for aby, ci viam munire ; aditum ci dare or parare : to athg, ad qd. CHALK-PIT, puteus, ex quo eruitur creta. CHALKY, cretosus (abounding in it). — cretaceus (like it). CHALLENGE, v. provocare (absol. L. 24, 8).— aby to a battle, provocare qm ad pugnam or ad certamen (esply one out of many). — evocare qm ad pugnam (to call out one who is in a camp, 8(c).— elicere qm ad certamen (to try to make one fight who is unwilling to do so).— lacessere qm ad pugnam (to provoke him to fight by attacking him : esply of a body of troops).— to a duel, qm provocare ad pugnam or ad certamen (ad certamen singulare or pugnam singularem, if it is necessary to express this). — to c. aby to drink, provocare qm bibendo : to drink bumpers, poscere majoribus poculis : to a discussion, qm ad disputandum provo- care, evocare, or elicere (the first PostCic. : the last in C. always with the notion of resistance on the part of the person challenged). \\To c. a juror, judicem re- jicere. (judicem sibi) iniquum ejerare (t. t. of Roman law). \\Claim as due, sibi vindicare or sumere qd. [See Claim.] || To c. contradiction, impugnari non posse ; evidentem esse ; omnibus probari, &c. CHALLENGE, s. provocatio. CHALLENGER, qui provbeat, lacessit, &c— provb- cans. CHAMBER, conclave, cubiculum. diaeta. mem- brum. [Syn. in Apartment.] — cubiculum dormi- torium. membrum dormitorium (sleeping apartment). CHAMBER-COUNSEL, qui de jurecivili consulitur. CHAMBER FELLOW, contubernalis. CHAMBERING, vita libidinosa. CHAMBERLAIN, cubiculi praepositus. — cubicu- lariis officiis praepositus (both Ammian.). — Lord High C, *toti rei familiari principis praepositus.— -praepositus sacri cubiculi (late in the times of the Emperors). CHAMBERMAID, cubicularia. CHAMBER-POT, matula. matella. matellio. trulla. trulleus (g. tt.). — scaphium (a boat-shaped one for females). CHAMELEON, *lacerta Chamaeleon. || fig. versi- pellis (Com.).— qui mutat naturam suam atque hue illuc torquet. CHAMFER, striare (Vitr.). CHAMFER, s. striatura.— strix. canalis (the channel or hollow). CHAMOIS, rupicapra (*capra rupicapra). CHAMP, mandere, manducare. — mordere. To c. the bit, frenum mordere (C. = ' showing one's teeth,' §c.) ; frena mandere (V.) ; frenos ore mordere (Tib.). CHAMPAGNE, *vinum Campanum or Campano- gallicum. CHAMPAIGN. See Campaign. CHAMPIGNON, boletus (agaricus campestris. Linn.). CHAMPION, propugnator.— defensor (defender). CHAN, princeps (as chief person).— regulus (petty king). CHANCE, casus (c. ; what happens unexpectedly as the result of unknown causes: av/jLc). Do but c. up a little, relaxa modo paulum animum (C). CHEERER, Crcl. with verb, qui recreat, &c— 1| = ' exhorter,' ' inciter,' hortator. adhortator.— (stronger) stimulator (C). exstimulator (T.). impulsor (C). CHEERFUL, laetus. hilaris. alacer [Syn. in Joy- ful], — remissus (opp. severus). To be of a c. temper, magna est in qo hilaritas.— vegetus. vividus. vigens [Syn in Lively]. CHEERFULLY, alacri animo. hilare. — I! Will- ingly, prompte. prompto or parato animo. libenter. CHEERFULNESS, lastitia. hilaritas. alacritas. He is a person of great c. of temper, magna est in qo hilaritas. CHEERILY, hilariter. alacriter. CHEERLESS, tristis.— maestus. — abjectus or ab- jectior. afflictus. fractus. demissus fractusque. fractus et demissus. — 1| Of t hings, voluptate carens volup- tatis expers. A c. life, *vita sine laetitia ac voluptate peracta. CHEERLY. See Cheerful. CHEERY. See Cheerful. CHEESE, caseus. To make c, caseos facere or con- ficere (g. t.): caseos form are or figurare (to shape them). Little c, caseblus. Soft c, mollis caseus (Plant.). CHEESE-CAKE, placenta caseata (aft. Appul. Met. 1, p. 103, 34). CHEESE-FRAME, forma casearia. CHEESE-MONGER, *qui caseos vendit.— caseorurh propola. CHEESE- ROOM, taberna casearia ( Ulp. Dig., where they are sold). — caseale. (ivhere they are kept). CHEESE- VAT, crates, in qua, casens siccatur (Col.). CHEESY, caseatus (provided with cheese ; mixed with cheese). CHEMICAL, *chemicus. CHEMISE, s. indusium. CHEMIST, *chemiae peritus. *chemicus. C. and druggist, pharmacopola. CHEMISTRY, *chemia »ars chemica. CHEQUER. See Checker. CHERISH, fovete (to c. ; prop, by imparting genial warmth: then fig. to love and protect tenderly.— qm, C.).— qm carum habere; qm magni facere or aestimare. — curare (attend to). — fovere ac tollere (T., to c. and help forward). To c. hope, spem fovere; spem habere: to c. hatred agst aby, odium habere in qm : to c. one's grief, dolorem fovere : to c. aby's memory, memoriam cs colere. gratissimam cs memoriam retinere : to c. the memory of athg, memoriam cs rei tenere, retinere, servare, conservare; memoria qd custodire, sepire, tenere. Aby c.'s my memory, memoria mea viget in cs animo, haeret in cs mente (C). His memory will be cherished in all ages, memoriam illius excipient omnes anni consequentes. Continue to c. my memory, bona, grata, jucunda memoria mei vigeat in animo tuo ; fac mei bene memor sis; noli committere, ut memoria mei unquam animo tuo effluat (C). / shall always c. his memory, memoria illius nunquam ex animo meo de- cedet (C). CHERISHER, qui fovet, &c. CHE CHI CHERRY, cerasum. C.-tree, cerasus {also the fruit in Prop.). C. -orchard, *locus cerasis consitus. C.- coloured, cerasinus. C.-tree gum, *resina cerasina (not gummi). C.-wine, *vinum e cerasis factum (aft. Pallad.). C. -stone, os cerasi. CHERRY-BAY, *laurocerasus (Linn.). CHERUB, *Cherub, *Cherubus ; pi. *Cherubim, ♦Cherubi. CHERUBIC. See Angelic. CHERVIL, chaerefolium (Plin. 19, 8, 54). In Gk. psederos [iraidepa<:] and chaerephyllum [xoupecpvWov], wch Cnl. always uses.— scandix chaerefolium (Linn.). CHESS, lusus latrunculorum. lusus latruncularius (a game of the ancients, resembling c. or draughts). ludus duodecim scriptorum (C. Q..). To play at c, latruncuiis ludere ( poet, proelia latronum ludere). C- board, tabula latruncularia (*Sen. Ep. 117, 30). C.-men, latrunculi. lairones. also calcali, milites. CHEST, area, cista. capsa. armarium, scrinium. pyxis. Little c, arcula. capsula. capsella. cistula, cistellula. [Syn. in Box.] C. of drawers, armarium.— || Breast, pectus, thorax, praecordia, pi. (cavity of the c. with the heart and lungs).— latus. latera (esply with ref. to the state of the lungs). A weak c., latus imbecillum (opp. latera bona). My c. grows stronger, lateribus accedunt vires. Broad-chested, pectorosus. — || Money-box, area, loculi (a private man's).— fiscus (a sovereign's: silv. age).— aerarium (the state c. ; trea- sury: also with privatum, a private man's). CHEST, v. in area concludere, includere, sepire, obsepire. CHESTNUT, castanea (the tree), (nux) castanea (the fruit). Horse-c, *a?sculus hippocastanum. — C. (of colour), badius, spadix. A c. -grove, castanetum. CHEVALIER, eques. CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE, ericius (Cess.); also cervus (Cces. B. G. 7, 72, Herzog.). CHEW, mandere. manducare. C. the cud, rumi- nare or ruminari (tr. and intr.). — remandere (tr. and intr.— Post-Au g.). — 1| Fig. meditate. Vid. CHICANE, \ calumnia (false accusation). — CHICANERY, | praevaricatio (perversion of justice by an advocate, who is guilty of collusion with the oppo- site party). To practise c, calumniari : to have re- course to the arts of c, intendere animum calumniis : to prolong a contest by c, calumnia extrahere. To practise c. agst aby, calumnias ci intendere. — malitiosa juris interpretatio (C. ; perversion of justice). CHICANE, v. calumniari.— calumnia extrahere.— agst aby, calumnias ci intendere. See Chicane, s. CHICANER, calumniator, praevaricator [Syn. in Chicane]. — quadruplator (one ivho tries to get aby's property by cunning arts).— juris contortor (a perverter of justice). CHICK, \ pullus. pullus gallinaceus. C.'s also CHICKEN,] pulli ex ovis orti. BggfP Pullus also used (as c.) as a term of endearment (H. Sat. 1, 3, 45). C. -hearted, ignavus. timidus. ignavus ac timidus. ti- midus atque ignavus. C.-pox, purpura (t. t.). Chick- weed, alsine (alsine media, Linn.). — *anagallis ar- vensis. CHICKLING VETCH, *lathyrus (Linn.). CHICK-PEA, cicer. CHIDE, vituperare. reprehendere. (verbis) incre- pare. increpitare. culpare [Syn. in Blame].— objur- gare (to reproach with a fault: opp. laudare). — con- viciari (to make railing accusations). — exagitare, de- stringere (to make sharp attacks on a man).— corripere (to blame with harsh words) — cavillari (to blame with irony). — exprobrare (ci qd, to reproach a man with something as dishonorable to him). To c. aby on ac- count of athg, reprehendere qm de or in qa. re ; vitupe- rare qm de qa re ; objurgare qm de or in qa, re, or qa re only. To be chided, objurgari, vituperari ; in vitupe- rationem incidere, cadere, venire, or adduci ; vitupera- tionem subire. To c. in gentle terms, levi brachio ob- jurgare qm (de qa re). CHIDEH, objurgator. reprehensor. CHIDING, objurgatio. reprehensio. A gentle c, lenis objurgatio. CHIEF, 8. caput; princeps ; *reipublicae gerendae princeps : to make aby the c. of a confederacy, *fcederis principatum deferre ci: the c. (in rank and dignity) of a state, vir primarius populi. &ax(g.t.). auctor. prin ceps (he who takes the lead in athg). \\ Commander in chief, dux belli, imperator. praetor (leader in war, the latter esply of Greek commanders in chief, aroarn- 76?). || Leader, caput, signifer. fix (c. of a parly, a conspiracy, fyc). The c. in a civil war (luho gave the signal for its breaking out), tuba belli chilis (Cic. ad (111) Div. 6, 12, 3) : the c. of the cavalry, magister equitum ; praefectus, ivith or without equitum (g. t.). CHIEF, adj. primus (first in order or time, with others after him). — summus. maximus. praecipuus (Post- Aug. principalis: except in causae principales : opp. secondary causes).— primarius (first in rank, dignity, or valve). The c. men in the stale, capita rerum or reipublicae. — primores. primores civitatis or populi (by connexions, birth, power, credit), principes (by intellect, talents, powers of debate, activity, fyc. ; hence distin- guished above primores, who are a body). — proceres (the c. by natural position, nobility opp. commonalty). — optimates (as apolitical class, the aristocracy). The c. point, caput cs rei : summa cs rei. cardo cs rei (on wch all turns. — V. and Quint.). — momentum (ponrj, the critical, decisive point). The c. good, summum bonum. It was always his c. care, ei semper maxima or antiquissima cura fuit. — to make athg one's c. busi- ness, omne studium in qa re ponere. This is the c. point, hoc caput est : hoc maximum or primum est. Chief-priest, see High-priest. CHIEFLY, praecipue. potissimum. imprimis, max- ime. [Syn. in Especially.] CHIEFTAIN, Chief = ' commander in chief CHILBLAIN, ulcus, quod fit ex frigore hiberno (a swelling arising fm frost). — vitium frigoris (any bad effect of frost). 8§|gr The meaning of pernio and perni- unculus is doubtful. CHILD, a) a human being, without regard to sex and age, but with ref. to the parents ; is to be expressed in Latin in sing, by filius (son) or filia (daughter), unless the sen- tence may be turned in such a manner as to admit the verb nasci. — Children, liberi, orum ; progenies (off- spring ; descendants), stirps (lit. the stem; both can stand for ' a child,' when this is used in a pregnant sense for ' issue,' ' offspring ;' proles and suboles are poet, in this sense). — natus (for filius), by no means admissible in good prose, any more than fern, nata (for filia) and pi. nati (natae), e. g. natus meus or de me natus, &c[ It is a different thing when we find in Cic. (Lcel. 8, 27), bestiae, quae ex se natos ita amant, &c. and inter natos et parentes, because here the opposition between the parent and the offspring is intended to be prominently marked out; or whenever natus or nata ex &c. appears as a pure participle, with wch filius (or filia) is to be understood, asNep. Epam. 10, 2 : ne tu pejus consulasi qui talem (sc. filium) ex te natum relicturus sis ; and again, namque ex me natam (sc. filiam) relinquo pug- nam Leuctricam [see the context of the passage]. To beget children, liberos procreare : i" have no child (pro- geny), stirps mihi deest ; nullam liberorum stirpem habeo : my children are dead, orbus sum : to deprive aby of the hope (of bearing) children, ci spem partus adi- mere : to bear children to aby, liberos ex qo parere or eniti. — my c. I (as term of affection in addressing even grown up persons), mi fili! bone ! mea bona! mea filia ! my pretty c. ! mea lepida ! ^With regard to age. a) Yet unborn, fetus or partus (in late medical writers, embryo). /3) Of a tender age, infans (until it can speak). — \mer (boy). — puella (girl). || Children, pueri ; puellse ; parvi, parvuli (/he little ones) : a young or little c, puer (puella) infans: fm a c, see Child- Hood. || To get with c, praegnantem facere : (if by vio- lence), *s*upro per vim oblato, praegnantem facere. To be with c, gravidam or praegnantem esse (by aby, ex qo) : ventrem ferre, partum ferre or gestare. || (Athg is) mere c.'s play, ludus. res facillima. CHILDBED, to be translated by puerperium (the bearing), partus (the birth): e. g. to be in c, parturire. — puerperio cubare : infantem pargre or partu edere. A woman in c, puerpera. To die in c, *parturientem exstingui. The pains of c, partus dolores, or fm con- text dolores only. CHILDBIRTH. See Childbed. CHILDHOOD, prima aetas. prima aetatis tempora (g. t.). — infantia. infantiae anni (the time when the child cannot (or not quite) speak). — pueritia. aetas puerilis (boyhood).— fm c, a prima (or ab ineunte) setate ; a prima infantia (T.Ann. 1, 4 3) ; ab initio aetatis ; a primis aetatis temporibus ; a parvo or par- vulo; a puero (and in pi. a parvis or parvulis, a put-ris, of several, as well as if one speaks of himself in the plural); a teneris, ut Graeci dicunt, unguiculis (trans- lation of the Greek ef anaXwv bvvxuv, only in epist. style ofC. ad Div. 1,6, extr.). || impropr.) in the sense of imperfect state, e. g. of arts, fyc, prima initia, pi. CHILDISH, puerilis. — ineptus (stronger t.). C. con- duct, puerilitas ; mores pueriles : to take a c. delight in, 8fc, pueriliter exsultare: it is c, puerile est. In a c. manner, pueriliter (e. g. ludere, facere). C. play, CHI CHO lusus infantium or puerorum. C. fooleries, ineptise, nugze. CHILDISHNESS, puerilitas. mores pueriles. || A c, *puerile factum or puerile actum (cf. Theb. 5, 503, where we find acta puerilia).— petulantia puerilis {child- ish rashness). — to commit c.'s (all manner of c.'s), pueri- Hter multa et petulanter agere ; pueriliter se agere or facere(the latter in C. Acad. 2,11, 33); pueriliter ineptire. CHILDLESS, orbus. liberis orbus (one's children or child being dead). — liberis carens. liberos non habens. qui est sine liberis. cui deest stirps (who has no chil- dren). To be c, liberis orbum esse, liberos non ha- bere ; liberis carere (according to the distinction just given). To become c, to be rendered c, orbum fieri : to render aby c, qm liberis orbum facere. CHILDLESSNESS, *stirps nulla.— orbitas (state of having lost one's children). CHILD-MURDER. See Infanticide. CHILD-LIKE, puerilis (in years). — pius erga pa- rentes (affectionate to his parents).— integer, incorrup- tus (pure, uncontaminated : e. g. animus). CHILL, s. frigus (as causing frost, fyc, opp. to calor; hence also the c. produced by fever, and fig. of the cold- ness of indifference).— algor (the c. inasmuch as it is felt). — gelu (inasmuch as it freezes athg, used only in the abl.). — horror (the c. in a fever). — water with the c. taken off, aqua (potio, &c.) egelida et frigidae potior (Cels.). To take the c. off athg, *qd egelidum facere, egelare (late: Ccel. Aurel.). CHILL, adj. subfrigidus (late).— frigidus.— algens. algidus [Syn. in Cold]. [ggpT egelidus is that fm wch the c. has been taken off, the ex being privative. To be c, frigere. algere. (fig.) languere: to become c, fri- gescere. refrigescere. refrigerari. CHILL, v. refrigerare (also fig. 'to chill,' ' to damp'). — frigidum facere.— fig.) refrigerare. — comprimere. reprimere. CHILLINESS, frigus (g. t.).— *horror quidam frigi- dus (shivering and chilliness). CHILLY. See Chill, adj. CHIME, s. *tintinnabulorum concentus. *sonYtus campanarum. || Har mo ny, concordia vocum. sono- rum concentus, or concentus concors et congruens. CHIME, || Strike a bell, *campanam pulsare. — || Har mo n ize, concinere. conspirare. consentire. congruere [see Agree]. Not to c, see Disagree. To c. in with a person's discourse, *succinere ci or cs ser- moni; or succinere only (i. e. ' sing the same tune after him.' clamat ' victum date:' succinit alter: ' et mihi,' &c. H. Ep. 1, 17, 48). CHIMERA, commentum (fiction). — portentum. monstrum (a bold, adventurous fiction).— pi. opinionum commentn. CHIMERICAL, Actus, commenticius (invented). — inanis. vanus (only existing in the imagination). — portentosus. monstruosus (strange, adventurous in general). CHIMNEY. The nearest word is fumarium (Tertull. a hole for letting out the smoke), but the thing was un- known to the ancients, as the smoke found its way out either through the window-holes or through tiles of the roof, therefore in classical language domus fumat (the house smokes, as in Cic. Sext. 10, 24) for our 'the chimney smokes:' culmen fumat (the roof smokes, Virg. Eel. 1, 82). — caminus (stove in a room): one's own c.-corner, focus proprius. A c. with a good fire in it, caminus luculentus (C). CHIMNEY-SWEEPER, *caminos detergendi arti- fex. CHIN, mentum. CHIN-COUGH, *tussis clangosa, or clamosa, or ferina (t. t.). CHINA, || The substance,murrha (most probably, according to the latest researches, our own c, see Roloff, Museum of Archaeology, vol. ii. p. 3). \\ Athg made of c, opus murrhinum. — vas murrhinum, or pi. vasa murrhina. CHINE, spina. CHINK, rima. — fissura (a greater one). \\A jin- gling, Crcl. with tinnire, e. g. tinnienda re (of an in- strument, after Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 30), (also with money, see Cic. Alt. 14, 21, extr.).— tinnitum ciere is poet. CHINK, v. rimas fieri pali; rimas agere; findi. — || To jingle, see above. CHINKY, rimosus ; plenus rimarum. CHIP, schidia (axibiov), or pure Latin assula (for burning, e.g. of pine-wood, schidia or assula taedae). — scobs, ramenta, pi. (of sawing, boring, or filing.) — particula (g. t.), frustum, frustulum (of bread) : crusta (of marble, 8rc, for mosaic work).— recisamentum (of (112) carved or cut wood).— a c. of broken matter, fragmen- tum. Prov. A c. of the same block, ejusdem farina?. CHIP, v. concidere in partes, also concidere only. — consecare (by means of cutting). — (ascia) dolare. dedo- lare. edolare (to c. with an axe roughly). — ascia polire (to make smooth with an axe). CHIP-AXE, ascia. — securis (hatchet). — bipennis (double-edged). CHIPPINGS. See Chip, s. CHIRP, (of crickets) stridere. — pipire (of 'young birds). — pipilare (Catull. of a sparrow). — pipare (Varr. of a hen). See also to Warble. CHIRPING, clangor (v. pr. ofsparroivs).—Crcl. with verbs under Chirp, v. CHIRURGEON, see Surgeon. CHIRURGERY, see Surgery. CHISEL, scalprum fabrile (L. 27, 49, init.)— caelum (graving tool, hollow chisel). — tornus (turner's chisel). CHISEL, v. scalpere.— caelare (with the graving tool). CHIT, see Infant, Child. CHIT-CHAT, see Chat, s. CHITTERLINGS, see Guts, Bowels. CHIVALROUS, equester (relating to a knight).— *q\iodequitemdecet (becoming aknight). — fortis (6rat;e). \\Adventurous. Vid. CHIVALRY, ordo equester (the order of knights).— dignitas equestris (knighthood, as a dignity). — equites (the knights). — res equestris (as a thing). CHIVES, see Filaments. CHLOROSIS, *Chlorosis. CHOCOLATE, *quadrai cacaoiicee (squares of c). — *calda cacaotica (the drink). CHOICE, || Permission or power to choose, optio. eligendi optio (the former the more common). — also optio et potestas. potestas optioque (v. pr.) — arbi- trium (a man's free will). To give aby his c, ci op- tionem dare, facere or deferre (a 11 C. — the first common : wo2 optionem ferre). — facere cipotestatemoptionemque, ut eligat; facere ci arbitrium in eligendo : to give aby his c. of two things, ci potestatem optionemque facere, ut eligat, utrum velit : to give aby his free c. in any matter, cs or cs rei optionem mittere : cs eligendi optionem ci dare; ci permittere arbitrium cs rei (e. g. whether it is to be peace or war, pacis ac belli). The c. is left to you, or you may make your c, optio tua est : if I had my c, si optio esset : it is left to his free c, optio ei est or data est. It is only a c. of evils, nihil est medium. To give aby his c, wch of his colleagues he will have, ci permittere, ut ex collegis optet, quem velit. || Election, act of c h oosing, delectus, elec- tio. — creatio (to a office). An elegant c. of words, ver- borum delectus elegans; elegantia verborum, sermonis. $g^° ' To make one's c.,' see Choose. \\Care in choosing, delectus: too scrupulous in the c. of words, in verborum delectu nimius : with judgement and c, cum delectu. eleganter : without judgement or c, sine (ullo) delectu. promiscue. temere. || The best, robur. flos, &c. also optima n. pi., but mly by adj. CHOICE, \\ Select, |-c, conquisitus. conquisitus et electus. exquisitus. eximius. egregius. praesians. Choicest, conquisitissimus. The c. wines, veterrima vina. The tables were covered with the c. dainties, mensse conquisitissimis epulis exstruebantur. CHOICENESS, excellentia, prsestantia. CHOIR, chorus canentium. || Part of a church, apsis or absis, Idis (Isid. Orig. 15, 18, 7, and Paulin. ip. 12, both of whom doubt whether it is absis, Idis, or absida,ae. Freund's Diction.).— statio canentium (place of the singers in the church). CHOKE, tr.) animam or spiritum intercludere (to stop the breath violently). — suffocare (to kill by closing the organs of respiration, whether by an intei nal obstacle [quem crassior saliva suffocat. Sen.] or by external means). — [ci elidere spiritum or (poet.) fauces or collum is to kill by external pressure on the throat : to throttle, strangulare, with a cord, #c] intr.) suffocari. spiritu intercluso exstingui : by athg, *qa re suffocare. — 1| im- fropr. a) suffocare. strangulare (to bind too tight, and so deprive of nourishment, e. g. trees). — exstinguere. restinguere. — auferre. tollere. Fear c.'s his voice, metus vocem praecludit. || Block up, obturare. ob- struere. See Obstruct. CHOLER, \\Bile, bilis. \\A nger, bills. — ira. ira- cundia. stomachus. [Syn. in Anger.] CHOLERIC, \\Bilious, biliosus (Cels.). cholericus (PUn.). cholera laborans (having the jaundice; Cels.). || Passionate, fervidus, e.g. ingenium (a c. tem- perament). — vehemens. — iracundus. CHOOSE, eligere (to c. one out of several, without ref. to any particular end).— deligere (to c. what is or seems CIIO CHU to be the best for a particular end : eligitur, qui ex promiscua multitudine legitur : d eligitur, qui ex pluribus, sed idoneis legitur). — seligere (c. and set apart"). — optare {decide for what one thinks good and adviseable ; in prose nearly always followed by a dis- junctive proposition). — habere delectum cs rei(e g. ver- borum, to proceed with judgement and choice in athg). — adhibere (c. out and apply to a purpose. Q. 9, 4, 11). — Sts exquirere (if careful search is implied). To c. a place for a camp, locum castris capere; idoneum locum castris deligere : to c. one out of them all, unum e cunctis deligere : fit men for any purpose, idoneos ci rei homines deligere: a son-in-law, qm sibi generum deli- gere (L.). — to c. death before slavery, mortem servituti anteponere : of two evils to c. the least, ex malis mini- mum eligere : a line of life, vitae rationem inire : a husband for one's daughter, maritum filiae prospicere : words, expressions, verba eligere, deligere : some one person as an example for imitation, unum sibi ad imi- tatum deligere (C). To let aby c, ci optionem dare, facere, &c. See Choice. || Wish, be willing, velle. / don't c, nolo. I c. rather, malo : if you c, si vis, si tibi placet: as you c, ut libet: whether I c. or not, velim nolim. / don't c. either to — or to — , neque — neque — inanimo est (T.). || Elect {to an office). Vid. II Phr. / cannot c. but, non possum non [with inf.) :— facere non possum, quin [with subj.). CHOP off, decidtre. abscidere (to cut off with a sharp instrument ; not to be confounded with abscin- dere, which is to tear off violently). — praecidere (c. off fin the fore part of athg). — succidere (fm below). — desecare. To c. off aby 's head, caput ci abscidere or prascidere (both L.); absc. caput a cervicibus cs (a dead man's. C): caput decidere ci gladio (Curt.): aby's hands, manus ci praecidere (Hirt.); manum praecidere gladio (C.) : aby's ears, desecareraures (Cces.); decidere aures (T.). \\Chop up, mince, concidere. — minute or minutim or minutatim concidere : minutatim con- secare. \\ Devour eagerly, devorare, or come- dere. — 1| Exchange, mutare. permutare. commutare. — 1| To c round (of the wind), se vertere (e. g. to the south west) in Africum. — 1| Altercate, altercari (cum qo) : to c. logic with aby, *dialectice disputare cum qo : •dialecticis acuminibus qm compungere (aft. C. 2 de Or. 158). — 1| Of the skin, scindi : a chopped skin, rha- gades or rhagadia (Plin. — written by Cels. as a Greek word : cutis scinditur : payddia Graeci vocant). CHOP, || Portion chopt off, see Chip. — || Of meat, offa, more cmly ofella (e.g. quae non egeant ferro structoris ofellae. Mart.). A mutton c, prps ♦ofella vervecina. A pork c, offa or ofella porcina (offa penita, Plant., is thus defined by Fest., offa porcina cum cauda in ccenis puris offa penita vocatur). CHOPS, rictus (oris), hiatus (oris). Sts fauces. CHORAL, Crcl.—gen. by chori, &c. CHORD, chorda (xopdrj), or in pure Lat. fides (but fides is always used in the plural = ' the strings ;' ex- cept C. Fin. 4, 27, 75, and in poet.). — nervus (vevpov, c. of animal sinews or gut). To touch the c.'s, nervos tangere. — 1| Of a (geometrical) arc, basis (/3dan). CHORISTER, puer (or homo) symphoniacus (C— puer or servus symph., who sang, 8fc. to amusp his master).— *choro canentium ascriptus.— The leader of the c.'s, choragus (leader of the c. in Greek and Roman plays). — magister, qui numeris chori canentium praeit (Col. 12, 2, 4). — qui praeit ac praemonstrat modos (Gell. 1, 11, p. med.). CHOROGRAPHER, chorographus (xwpoypctyo?.— Vitr.). CHOROGRAPHY, chorographia (xupofpacpia. — Vitr.). CHORUS, chorus. CHOUGH, corvus graculus (Linn.). CHOUSE. See Bamboozle, Cheat. CHRIST, Christus. - C HRISTENDOM, populus Christianus (late).— *uni- versi Christiani. — *orbis terrae Christianus. CHRISTEN. See Baptize. CHRISTENING See Baptism. CHRISTIAN, Christianus. A C, Christianus. Christianae legis studiosus (Ammian. — Avoid the poet. Christicola). To make a man a C, *sacris Christianae legis imbuere qm. legi Christianae qm ascribere (aft. Ammian.). To become a C. or C.'s, doctrinam Christi - anam amplecti. sacra Christiana or cultum Christi- anum et puram religionem suscipere (of a stale or other body being converted to Christianity : aft. L. 1, 7, and C. Legg. 1, 23, 60). To be a C, Christiana? legis esse studiosum ; * Christum or Christianam legem sequi ; * Christianam doctrinam pronteri. C.-name, (113) praenomen. A persecutor of the C.'s, Christianae reli- gionis insectator (Eutrop.). — populi Christiani vexator (Sulp. Sever us). An enemy or opponent of the C.'s, Christiano nomini inimicus or infestus (aft. Np. Hann. 7, 3. S. Cat. 52, 22), or inimicissimus, infestissimus. CHRISTIANITY, religio Christiana (Eutrop.).— *doctrina Christi or Christiana. — cultus Christianus (the worship). — *sacra Christiana (the service, esply con- sidered as sacrificial). — *sensus Christianus. pietas with or without Christiana (the piety or religious sense of a true Christian). CHRISTIANLY, *ut decet Christianum. pie. CHRISTMAS-BOX, strena (at Rome a new-year's gift. Post- Aug.). CHRISTMAS-DAY, *dies natalis Christi. — dies festus Christi (aft. L. 25, 23).— Not dies nativitatis Christi. CHRISTMAS-WEEK, *dies Christi nati festi ac sollemnes. To keep C, diem festum Christi [per tri- duum] agere (aft. L. 25, 23). CHROMATICS, «pigmentorum (or colorum) ratio. — 1| With reference to an unknown species of ancient music, chroma, n. (xpo'na, the thing.) — chromatice (the doctrine. Vitr.). — chromaticum genus (Macrob. Somn. Scip. 2, 4, fin.). CHRONIC diseases, morbi longi (opp. acuti).— morbi chronici (late, but now t. t.). CHRONICLE, v. in annales referre.— memoriae pro- dere or tradere. — posteris tradere. CHRONICLES, chronica, pi. libri chronici. libri qui chronici appellantur (Post-Aug.). — annales libri. commentarii annorum, or annales only (year-books, in wch the affairs, fyc, of the state were recorded year by year). — fasti (year-books or tables, on wch the names of Consuls, Dictators, %c, with remarkable actions, victo- ries, triumphs, fyc, were recorded, the year, month, and day, being accurately set down). The c. of a town, commentarius rerum urbanarum (Ccel. in C. Epp.). CHRONICLER, annalium scriptor.— chronogr&phus (Sid. Ep. 8, 6). — scriptor rerum or rerum gestarum. CHRONOLOGICAL, *chronologicus. To arrange the events of several years in a c. order, res gestas plu- rium annorum, observato cujusque anni ordine, dein- ceps componere (Gell. 5, 18, a. med): to disturb the c. order of athg, in qa re perturbare aetatum ordinem (C. Brut. 64, 223). Without observing c. order, non servato temporis ordine. CHRONOLOGICALLY, servato temporis ordine; observato cujusque anni ordine. To arrange (the) events c, temporum ordines explicare (C Brut. 4, 15). CHRONOLOGY, *chronologia (may be retained as t. t. if necessary). — temporum ratio (as computation of the time). — aetatum or temporis ordo. temporum or- dines (as series of time).— descriptio temporum. com- putatio temporis or temporum. To occupy oneself with c, temporum annales persequi. — annos dinumerare. Roman c, Romanorum annalium ratio. — attention to c, the study of c, notatio temporum. CHRONOMETER, *chronome'trum (xpov6p.eTpov)* CHRYSALIS, nympha. CHRYSOBERYL, chrysoberyllus. CHRYSOLITE, topazius. CHRYSOPRASUS, chrysopr&ms. CHUB, *perca cernua (Lin.). — 1| A rustic, homo rusticus. — stipes, caudex (as epithet). CHUBBY-CHEEKED, bucculentus (Com.). CHUCK (of a hen when feeding her young ones), singultus. CHUCK, v. singultire (Col. 8, 11, 15).— glocire (of a hen that is going to sit. Col. 8, 5, 4). CHUFF, homo agrestis. homo rusticus. — merum rus (stronger term). CHUFFY.inhumanus. inurbanus. agrestis. rusticus. CHUM, contubernalis.— he wished to have him for his son's c, *volebat eum esse in filii sui contubernio. CHUMP, caudex. CHURCH, a) the sacred building, aedes sacra. — b) the congregation, »ccetus sacer. — *sacra pub- lica, orum, n. (the divine service.) To go to c, *sacra publica adire ; *sacris publicis adesse : to perform the C. service (of the clergyman), rebus divinis interesse : to attend c, sacris auesse (of a layman). — c) the Church I*, e. the whole body of the visible Church), legis Christianae studiosi (Ammian. 25, 10) ; * qui Christum sequuntur ; • civitas or respublica Chris- tianorum ; ecclesia (Eccl.). CHURCH-BUILDING,*aediumsacrarumaedificaiio. CHURCH-DISCIPLINE, «disciplina ecclesiastica. CHURCH-FURNITURE, supellex qua ad res di- vinas uti solemus (Col. 12, 3, 1). CHU cm CHURCH-GOER, qui ad aedes sacras venit. qui sacris publicis adest. To be a regular c.-goer, *num- quam a coetu sacro or a sacris publicis abesse. CHURCH-HISTORY, *res populi Christiani. CHURCH-LATIN, *latinitas scriptorum ecclesi- asticorum. CHURCH-PROPERTY, * bonum ecclesiasticura (single article). — (as estate), *fundus ecclesiasticus. CHURCH-RATES, *vectigal res sacras sustinendi sausa impositum. CHURCH-TOWER, *turris sedi sacrae imposita. CHURCH- WARDEN, *rerum ecclesiasticarum cu- rator (g. t.). — *aerario ecclesiastico praefectus. CHURCH- YARD, a) place around a church (g. t.), *area, quae aedera sacram cingit.— \>)cemetery, VlD. CHURL, homo illiberalis. homo tenax. homo ava- rus. avaritia ardens (strongest term). — 1| Clown, rus- ticus (opp. urbanus). — agrestis. homo vultu motuque cbrporis vastus atque agrestis. CHURLISH, illiberalis. tenax. sordidus. parcus.— || Clownish, rusticus. agrestis. inurbanus. rudis. in- cultus. CHURLISHLY, tenuiter. parce. Jn. paree ac te- nuiter. illibera'.iter. sordide. rustice. inurbane. CHURLISHNESS, inurbanitas. rusticitas.— mores inculti or rustici. CHURN, labrum. — slnum (vessel for milk). CHURN, v. butyrum facere. CHYLE, chylus. CHYMIC or CHYMICAL, *chemicus. CHYMIST, *chemiae peritus ; *chemicus. CHYMISTRY, *chemia; *(ars) chemica. CICATRICE. See Scar. CICATRIZE, intr.) ad cicatricem pervenire or perduci ; cicatricem ducere or inducere (Cels. 7, 28) : it seems likely to c, ad cicatricem tendit (Cels.). — after the wound has cicatrized, ubi inducta vulneri cicatrix est. The wound c.'s, cicatrix coit or obducitur. — tr.) ad cicatricem perducere. CICERONE, mystagogus.— qui hospites ad ea, quae visenda sunt, ducere solet, et unumquidque ostendere (both C. Verr. 4, 59, 132 : the latter as an explanation of the former). CICERONIAN. A C, *qui Ciceronem sequitur (Ciceronianus may prps be retained) : a genuine or true C, vere Ciceronianus. — germanus Cicero (Muret.). CICISBEO, sodalis (Vid. Martial. 9, 3, 8). CIDER, vinum ex malis factum (Pallad. 3, 25, 19). CIMETER, aclnaces. CINCTURE, cingulum. zona (the former pure Latin : zona, borrowed fm the Greek £u>vn, was likewise used for the girdle of a woman, e. g. puellae zonam solvere, after Catull. 2, 11). CINDER, carbo emortuus. See Ashes. CINNABAR, minium (for wch some of the ancients erroneously used cinnabaris, seePlin.38, 7, 38, Hard.). To dye with c, miniare. c.-mine, metallum miniarium; also miniarium only: of the colour of c, or of a c. colour, miniatus. miniaceus. miniatulus (dyed with c). — minio colore (red like c). — c. colour, color minii (propr.). — color minius (like c, e. g. a c.-red colour). CINNAMON, cinnamum. cinnamomum. CINQUEFOIL, quinquefolium (Cels. Plin.—adj. quinquefolius). CIPHER, *nota numeri; litera (with the ancients, since they used letters to express numbers). *zero (a c, indicating a nought). — Nothingness, to be a c, numerum esse (fig. only serve for filling up, as H. Ep. 1, 2, 27, nos numerus sumus); nihil valere ; nihil auc- toritatis habere; nulla cs habetur ratio (stronger). — nullo in oratorum numero esse (of an orator) : to be- come a mere c, ad nihilum venire. — 1| Conventional or occult marks of writing, notae (Suet.). — literae secretiores (Gell.). — what is written in c, fur- tivum scriptum (Gell.). To write in c, per notas scri- bere (Suet. Cces. 56) : to make out what is written in c, invesrigare et persequi notas. CIPHER, v. ratiocinari : to learn to c, or ciphering, *arithmetica discere : to be experienced in ciphering, in aritlimeticis satis exercitatum esse. CIRCLE, circulus.— circus (of a greater extent, but doubtful in this meaning, since in Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47, and deRep. 6, 15, 15, the MSS. vary between circus and circulus).— orbis {with regard to circumference as ter- minating in itself). To describe a c, circulum descri- bes (circino); circinationem describere; ducere rotun- dam circinationem : to describe a c. round aby or athg, eircumscribere qd or qm (with a compass, a staff, fyc, circino, virga or virgula).— circulo qd or qm includere, (114) (to enclose aly or athg in a c. within wch one is to re- main): to form a c, orbem colligere. in orbem con- sistere (both of soldiers, for the sake of better defending themselves ; also in orbem, i. e. orbe collecto, se tutari). To form a c. round aby (e. g. of auditors), corona qm cingere. To fight in (the form of) a circle, in orbem pugnare. — 1| Social assembly, circulus (i.e. a meet- ing for entertainment) ; convivium (party). — Jn. in circulis et conviviis. — congressio familiarium (circle of f-iends). — corona, see above. — 1| Circuit, vid. || To reason in a c, eodem revolvi (aft. C. Divin. 2, 5). — in- firma ratione uti, quae videtur pro ratione atferri, sea idem dicit, quod in expos. tione dictum est (aft. Auct. ad Her.). A vicious c. (in argument), *demonstratio eodem se revolvens (cf. Auct. ad Her. 2, 18, 27). — || District, pagus. CIRCLE, v. circumdare ci rei qd or rem qa re. — cingere qa re. circumstare (stand round); circumse- dere (sit round).— circumsistere (place one's self round with accessary notion of oppressing), circumcludere. — || To move round in a c, circumire (go round). circumvolare. circumvolitare (fly round, of birds and persons). CIRCUIT, || Compass, ambitus (with ref. to ex- pansion in general, e. g. cceli ac terrarum; of the camp, castrorum). — circuitus (with ref. to circum- ference).— circumscriptio (e. g. of the earth, terrae). — complexus (with ref. to the space encompassed, e. g. cceli, mundi, &c). — The moon completes her c. round the earth in a month, orbis lustrationem luna menstruo cursu complet. — 1| Of a judge, e. g. to go on the c, jure dicundo conventus circumire. — circa fora pro- ficisci, ibique quaerere et judicia exercere. provinciam obire (of a Roman praetor). CIRCULAR, in orbem circumactus. in orbem sinu- atus. orbiculatus. circinatae rotunditatis (Plin. 16, 23, 25). — ad circinum fabricatus (made by compasses. — a later word is circularis).— qui in orbem fertur. To go around athg in a c. course, ut circino circumductum cingere qd (e. g. of a river). To move with a c. motion, in orbem agi, or circumagi, or circumferri. In a c. manner, fyc, in orbem. CIRCULAR-LETTER, literae circum qos dimissae; fm context literae only: to send a c.-l. to the municipal towns, literas circum municipia dimittere. CIRCULATE, intr) in orbem agi, or circumagi, or circumferri. The blood c.'s, sanguis per venas arte- riasque ultro citro commeat: my blood c.'s more freely, sanguis liberius meat. — tr.) qd circuitu transferre. To c. a report, rumorem spargere, dispergere, dissipare : a report is c.'d, rumor, fama or sermo est : sermo datur (L.) : this report is c.'d, sermo hie datur: money is c.'d, pecunia in communem usum venit. CIRCULATION, circumactic (e. g. rotarum).— cir- culate. — 1| C. of the blood, *circulatio sanguinis. — || Of money, communis usus. To be in c, in com- munem usum venisse. CIRCUMCISE, circumcidere. A c.'d Jew, Judaeus curtus or recutitus or verpus. CIRCUMCISION, circumcisio (of the Jews, Eccl.). CIRCUMFERENCE, \\Line that bounds a cir- cle, fyc, peripherla (* epilepsia, *Marc. Cap. 8, p. 278), or in pure Lat. extrema linea circinationis, or linea circumcurrens. The island is 25,000 paces in c, insula viginti quinque milia passuum circuitu patet ; insula cingitur viginti quinque milibus. — 1| Compass, vid. CIRCUMFLEX, circumflexus accentus (Diom. 425, P. and other Gramm. — apex = mark of a long syll. placed over vowels, see Spald. Q. 1, 5, 23). To place the c. over a syllable, syllabam circumducere (Q. 3, 172, and 12, 10, 33), or circumflectere (Gell. 4, 7, 2); syllabam apice circumducere (if contracted fm two vowels, Q. 1, 5, 23; comp. Ritter, Gramm. Lat. p. 87, not.) : a syllable wch has the c, syllaba circumflexa. CIRCUMFLUENT, qui circumfluit, cingit, circum- funditur. — circumfusus. — circumfluus (poet, and T.). CIRCUMFUSE, circumfundere qd ci rei or qd qa re. CIRCUMJACENT, circumjacens (ci loco). CIRCUMLOCUTION, || Periphrasis, circuitio, circuitus eloquendi, circuitus plurium verborum, cir- cumlocutio' (all as grammatical t. it. for irepiippaois. C. Q.). — f^g^T Avoid circumscriptio, amfractus verbo- rum (wch in this sense has not the sanction of any old writer), and periphrasis, wch is a Grecism. A poetical c, circumlocutio poetica (Gell.). If our language does not possess the word, we must employ a c , si non re- peritur vox nostras, vel pluribus et per ambitum ver- borum res enuncianda est (aft. Suet. Tib. 7\, extr.). To describe athg by c, pluribus verbis qd expbnere or explicare (C. Q).— pluribus et per ambitum verborum cm CIT qd enunciare (Suet. Tib. 71).— circuitu plurium verbo- rum ostendere qd (Q.): also simply circumire qd (Q. 8, 2, 17; 12, 10, 32).— gSgT circumscribere with or with- out verbis is more ' to describe,' ' define,' fyc — circum- scriptio is rather i a period.' To use a long c, qd copiosa loquacitate circumire. — || Beating about the bush, ambages. CIRCUMNAVIGATE, ab omni parte circumvebi qd (L. 36, 2!), not circumnavigare (wch in Veil. 2, 106, fin. = ' sail about in.' The passage is oceani circum- navijjerat sinus). CIRCUMSCRIBE, finire. includere. coercere. cir- cumscribere (esply to put limits to the exercise of an office), terminare. determinare (L.). terminis sepire (C). To c. aby's power, rinire potestatem (£.): the power of the tribunes, tribunos plebis circumscribere (Cces.): to be c'd within narrow limits, in exiguum gyrum compulsum esse (C). To c. within a narrow field, in exiguum angustumque concludere. To be c'd, certarum rerum cancellis circumscriptum esse. See Limit, Restrain. — 1| Circumscribed = narrow: a c. mind, angustum ingenium. angustiae pectoris, angustus, imbecillus animus. — animus tenuis et in- firmus (Cces.). To be of c'd abilities, anguste a natura instructum esse. C'd means, angustiae rei familiaris. CIRCUMSPECT, circumspectus (Post-Class, in Q. Cels. Suet. %c , of persons and things: e.g. circ. ju- dicium).— consideratus (both pass., ' vjell-weiyhed,' of things [e.g. cons, judicia, C], and act., ' one who weighs things well' [e. g. homo, C .]).— providus. Jn. prudens et cautus ; prudens et providus ; cautus et providus. — diligens (careful: also of things). — gravis (one who ants fm sound principles after due deliberation). CIRCUMSPECTION, circumspectio (C.).— circum- spectum judicium (well-weighed judgement ; for which Gell. has circumspicientia). — Jn. circumspectio et accurata consideratio (C.).— cautio. prudentia. dili- gentia.— gravitas (habit of acting carefully after de- liberation). The thing demands much c, res multas cautiones habet; res est multae diligentiae. With c, see Circumspectly. CIRCUMSPECTLY, omnia circumspiciens (peri- cula, C). — considerate, cogitate (not cogitato. Stiiren- burg ad Cic Arch. 8, 18). caute. circumspecte (Gell.). — diligenter. attente. — circumspecto judicio. CIRCUMSTANCE, res (the most general word); causa (the state, posture, situation, of a thing). — Jn. res et causa. — tempus, esply the pi. tempora \posture of things brought on by the c's of the time); ratio (a reason founded in c's; hence the c. itself); momentum (the decisive c); conditio (condition, limitation); mora (delay) ; ambages (c. of words). Trifling c's, parvae res. parva momenta. — The Latins, however, do not usually employ a distinctive substantive, but prefer some general, indifferent expression to convey this notion : as, this c. moved me, hoc me movit, or hac re motus sum. — On this c rests the whole business, in eo tota res vertitur (in eo cardo rei vertitur, not to be recom- mended). According to c's, pro re; pro re nata; ex or pro tempore; pro tempore et pro re (Cces. B. G. 5, 8). The c's of the times, tempora. ratio temporis or temporum ; temporum vincula (C. Fam. 10, 6, 2). To act according to c's, ex re consulere. Under these or such c's, his rebus; quae cum ita sint or essent (things being so); in hoc or in tali tempore (in such an exi- gency ; under such untoward c's. In this meaning the preposition ' in' is mly expressed). Under present c's, in praesentia (opp. in posterum). To suit one's self to c's, tempori servire (cut one's coat according to the cloth) ; necessitati parere (make a virtue of necessity). To be in good c's, in rebus secundis esse; in bona conditione constitutum esse. To be in straitened c's, parce ac duriter vitam agere. In his embarrassed, or desperate c's, in extremis rebus suis. My c's are none of the best, res me?e sunt minus secundae. To be placed in the same c's, in eadem causa or eodem loco esse ; eadem est mea causa. J am grievously dissatis- fied with my own c's, vehementer me poenitet status mei. A man is always dissatisfied with his own c's, suae quemque fortunae maxime pcenitet (C .). Suppose yourself in my c's, eum te esse tinge, qui sum ego (C). — 1| Circumstances (= state of affairs), rerum status : a great change of c's has taken place, magna facta est rerum commutatio; versa sunt omnia: the untoward c's of the time or of affairs, iniquitas rerum. — \\Show, array, apparatus; ornatus; ostentatio. CIRCUMSTANCED, comparatus ; affectus. The thing ts so c, se ita res habet; res est ejusmodi, ut &c. CIRCUMSTANTIAL, non necessarius, adventicius. — 1| Detailed, accuratus, verbosus (wordy), copiosus (115) (diffuse, full). — 1| C. evidence, *testimonia, quae etiamai ad tollendam dubitationem sola non sufficiunt, tamen adjuncta ceteris plurimum valent (aft. Q. 5, 99). A proof fm c. evidence, *probatio non necessaria ilia qui- dem, sed credibilis. To be condemned on c. evidence, *probatione non necessaria ilia quidem sed credibili convictum esse. See also Evidence. To give a c. account of athg (in writing), accurate perscribere qd. accurate scribere qd or de re. CIRCUMSTANTIALLY, accurate; multis or pluri- bus verbis; copiose. — singulatim or singillatim (each thing one by one). CIRCUMVALLATE, circumvallare (surround with palisades). — vallo et fossa munire or cingere. — circum- munire. munitione sepire (with works generally). See next word. CIRCUMVALLATION, circummunitio. Lines of c, circummunitiones (with ramparts and ditches. Auct. B. Hisp. 38, fin.). To form lines of c, circummunire opera, or opere (see Editors of Cces. B. C. 3, 66) : round a city, urbem operibus or vallis castellisque circum- munire. vallum in oppidi circuitu ducere. oppidum circumvallare (with ramparts, fyc). — urbem corona cingere or circumdare; mcenia urbis corona aggredi (with troops ; the word being used in a looser sense) : round the enemy, hostem circumvallare; vallo crebrisque castellis hostem circummunire. CIRCUMVENT, circum venire.— fraudem or falla- ciam ci facere.— dolum ci nectere, coufingere. fucum ci facere. [Syn. in Deceive] CIRCUMVENTION, fraus fraudatio. circnmscrip- tio. ars. artes. machinae. fallacia. Jn. doli atque fallaciae. [Syn. in Deceit.] CIRCUM VOLVE, tr.) circumvolvere. — circum- agere. — convertere. intr.) circumvolutari {Plin.). — circumagi, se circumagere.— ekcumferri. circumverti (of wheels, the heavenly bodies, $c). — in orbem cir- cumagi or se circumvolvere. CIRCUMVOLUTION, circumactio. — circumactus. ambitus (solis). CIRCUS, circus (of which the adj. is circensis). CISTERN, cisterna.— puteus (Hirt. B. Alex. 5, fin.). C.-water, aqua cisternarum or cisternina. — aqua spe- cubus et puteis extracta (Hirt. B. Alex. 5, fin.). CITADEL, castellum.— arx. CITATION, evocatio (g. t. for summoning a person — before a court, fyc). — vocatio (before a court. Varr. in Gell. 13,12). — in jus vocatio. — \\Quot at i on=passage quoted, locus allatus or laudatus (ciiatus, ailegatus, productus, not good). — \\Act of quoting (passages, examples, fyc), prolatio (e. g. exemplorum). — comme- moratio (the mentioning of them). — relatio (Q,.). CITE, \\ Before a court, citare in jus, or in judi- cium vocare. — evocare (g. t., to summon an absent per- son).— \\GLuote, proferre. afferre [not producere; andit is better to avoid adducere, for wch Sen. de Ird, 2, 16, 2, is the only passage cited, ea animalia in exemplum hominis adducit, quibus &c. Krebs allows citare with or without testes or auctores. Livy has magistra- tuum libros Macer Licinius citat identidem auc- tores].— laudare (to c with approbation). — notare (with censure). — memorare. commemorare. — ponere. pro- ponere (of examples). — to c as authority, auctorem laudare or memorare (C.) or citare (L.) : to c. as a witness, testem proferre, producere or (with praise) laudare : a passage, locum afferre. dictum scriptoris commemorare, referre (often, habitually) : usurpare. — i" like better to c examples fm Grecian history than fm our own, malo Graecorum quam nostra proferre ; / will c this one example, ponam illud unum exemplum. CITHERN, cithara. See Harp. CITIZEN, civis (who has the rights of citizenship ; opp. to peregrinus): oppidanus, incola urbis (the inha- bitant of a city, townsman, opp. to vicanus, a villager) : togatus (the c. in his robe of peace, opp. to paludatus or miles, the warrior) : plebeius, homo ignobilis (one of the commonalty, opp. to patricius or vir nobilis): paganus (a common c, often opp. to soldiers. Plin. 8fc). — The citizens, civitas, cives ; plebs, plebeii (opp. to the nobles) : oppidani. incolae urbis ; pagani. CITIZEN-LIKE, civilis (becoming a citizen, affable, #c): civilis, communis, popularis (usual in common life): piebeius. CITIZENSHIP, civitas, jus civitatis (the right of attaining c) : civitatula (with ref. to a petty town. Sen. Apocol. p. 852). To give aby the rights «f c, admit him thereto, civitatem ci dare, impertire, tribuere ; qm in civitatem accipere or recipere ; qm in civitatem or in numerum civium asciscere; civitate qmdonare; civem qm facere,— diploma civitatis ci offerre (Suet., the best I 2 CIT CLA phrase for our 'giving the freedom of the city'), qm ascri- bere civitati or in civitatem. To receive the rights of C, or the freedom of the city, consequi civitatem; recipi in civitatem ; civitate donari ; civitati ci ascribi ; in civi- tatem pervenire : to receive the rights of c. (or freedom of the city)fm aby, civitatem impetrare a qo : for aby, civ. imp. ci. — not to choose to avail oneself of the rights of c., civitatis beneficio uti nolle : to obtain the rights of c. by stealth, civitatem furari: to lose them, civitatem perdere : to take them away from aby, civitatem ci adimere ; also qm de civitate exterminate or ejicere. CITRON, || The tree, citrus, citrus me&ica (Linn.). Of c.-wood, citreus. — candied c, cortex mali citri con- ditus.— 1| The fruit, malum citrum. (pomum)citreum. CITY, urbs (always with respect to the greatness, wealth, fyc. of its inhabitants ; hence also, a capital c, and esply Rome). — oppidum (as a place of habitation secured against attacks from without). — civitas (the col- lective inhabitants of a c, as bound together by common laws, institutions, and usages; the burgesses or freemen, as such; the c. in a civil regard). — municipium (a free c, esply in Italy, having its own laws and magistrates, whose inhabitants, if they had received the jus civile Romanum, were regarded as Roman citizens, had the right of voting at assemblies of the Roman people, and might hold public offices, but had not the Roman sacra; otherwise they were only permitted to serve in the Roman legions, and to stand for military offices). — colonia (a Roman colony of citizens or allies). — prsefectura (a c. suspected of disaffection, wch was not governed by its own magistrates ace. to its own laws, but by a prefect sent from Rome) C. and country, urbs agrique. The territory of a c, territorium urbis. ager urbis. In all the cities; from c. to c., oppidatim. At the expense of the c. (i. e. of the public), sumptu publico, also publice. — || The c. (i.e. the people thereof), incolae urbis, urbani; oppidani. — 1| ' Freedom of the c' See Citizenship. CITY, as adj. urbanus, or gen. urbis. — oppidanus, or gen. oppidi. A c. life, vita urbana. The c. magistrates, magistratus urbani. — publicus (if opp. to privatus). CIVET, *zibethum. — c.-cat, *castor zibethicus (Linn.). *viverra zibetha (Linn.). CIVIC, civilis. civicus. gen. civium. See Civil. CIVIL, civilis. civicus. gen. civium (civicus, in the best prose, is found only with corona ['the civic crown']; civilis, relating to a citizen, %c, does not occur in the sense of 'popular,' 'condescending,' $c, till after Aug. Liv. has sermo civilis ; and in fol- lowing writers it is used for 'civil' or 'courteous.' The gen. civium is used, when what is asserted holds good of each citizen or many individual citizens of the whole body : e. g. orationes civiles are speeches regard- ing the state ; orationes civium, speeches made by indi- vidual citizens).— togatus (concerning the citizen when wearing the toga, or 'gown of peace;' opp. militaris : hence togati ; opp. milites). — the c. year, annus civilis. — the c. day, dies civilis. A c. process, causa privata, lis: a c. right, jus civile (in the wider sense ; opp. jus natuiale : also as 'private right;' opp. jus publicum). — The c. list, *domestici sumptus principis : a c. governor, *qui provincias praeest sine imperio. — pro- consul (in the time of the Rom. Empp.). A c. officer, magistratus (opp. imperium); officium civile (opp. officium militare). C. and military offices, magistratus et imperia. C. war, belium civium. bellum civile. — bellum intestlnum or domesticum : sts arma or castra civilia: during a c. war, inter arma civilia: to abhor c. war, a civilibus castris abhorrere ; arma civilia fugere : to take part in a c. war for a long time, diu in armis civilibus commorari. C. discord, discordia or dissensio civilis. To foment c. discord, discordiam in civitatem inducere. A c. contest, certamen civile. C. death, diminutio or deminutio capitis maxima (loss of freedom, family, and the rights of citizenship). — 1| Po- lite, fyc, urbanus (courteous). — affabilis (conversing pleasantly with inferiors). — comis (kind and conde- scending towards inferiors). — blandus (of soft, winning speech).— civilis (of a prince or great man treating in- feriors with the simplicity of a plain citizen, that is, as their equal. In this sense it was used by the Post- Augustan writers). — benignus (kind).— facilis (opp. dif- ncilis : a pleasant person to have to do with in social intercourse, from being obliging, easily satisfied, fyc). — officiosus (ready to perform kind offices, pay kind atten- tions, 8fC). — a c. invitation, invitatio benigna: he is very c. towards me, perbononficus in me est. CIVILIAN, juris peritus ; juris or jure consultus; juris sciens; in jure prudens ; juris interpres. — a dis- tinguished c, juris peritissimus or consultissimus ; juris scientissimus : to be an eminent c, juris intelli- (116) gentiS, praestare; magnam prudentiam juris civilis habere: to be looked upon as an eminent c, valde juris consultum videri; to practise as a c, de jure re- spondere. CIVILITY, urbanitas. humanitas [Syn. in Affa- ble], comitas. ofBcia urbana (civilities).— affabilitas. — Jn. comitas affabilitasque sermonis (in conversation): to treat aby with great c, perofneiose et peramanter qm observare ; omni comitate qm complecti : show a e. to aby, gratum facere or gratificari ci: dismiss aby with great c.'s, qm dimittere cum bona gratia. CIVILIZATION, cultus humanus civilisque; cultus atque humanitas; also (perhaps) elegantior (delicatior) cultus or institutio. — to lead men to c , homines a fera agrestique vita ad humanum cultum civilemque de- ducere (Cic. de Or. 1, 8, extr.). [See Civilize.] — c. has not made great progress among those nations, hi populi a cultu atque humanitate longissime absunt (Cces. B. G. 1, 1). CIVILIZE, expolirehominemquereddere; omni vita atque cultu excolere atque expolire ; ad humanitatem informare or effingere ; a fera agrestique vita ad hu- manum cultum civilemque deducere (C). — The civil- ized nations, populi eruditi (s. C. Rep. 2, 10) : a c.'d state, bene morata et bene constituta civitas (C. Brut. 2, 7). CIVILLY, urbane ; humaniter; comiter ; officiose ; also belle : e. g. to decline c, belle negare. CLACK, s. || Ceaseless talk, babbling, loquaci- tas(C): garrulitas (Q. and Sen.— garrltus very late. Sidon.). CLACK, crepare. crepitare. crepitum dare.— \\Let the tongue run, garrire. CLAD, vestitus. — to be c. in gold and purple, in- signem auro et purpura conspici : the earth is c. with flowers, fyc, terra vestitur floribus, herbis, &c. ; herbis prata convestiuntur. CLAIM, poscere (in expectation that the c. will be granted).— deposcere. exposcere (urgently). — postulare. expostulare (when one has a right; exp. urgently). — flagitare. efflagitare (impetuously).— Cic. Milon. 34, p. init., makes a climax thus, misericordiam implorare, requirere, exposcere, flagitare. Jn. poscere et flagi- tare. — petere. expetere (more by means of entreaty than c). — exigere (toe: e.g. wages, debts, fyc): persequi pecuniam, &c. (if before a court) : per literas flagitare (by letter). — to be entitled to c, jure quodam suo postu- lare posse; justam postulandi causam habere; sibi vindicare, sumere or assumere qd (to lay c. to it). To c. the throne, regnum affectare, quaerere (L.) ; im- perium affectare (T.): the name of a learned man, nomen docti sibi vindicare, sumere. CLAIM, s. postulatio; postulatum (demand).— jus (right: g. t.). — petitio (c. preferred in a court; also the right to make such a c). — vindiciae (judicial or formal c. to a thing or person). A suit to establish such a c, lis vindiciarum. An unjust c, injustae vindiciae. To prefer a c. to alhg, rem sibi or ad se vindicare (by law or otherwise). [See to Claim.] — an intolerable c, pos- tulatum intolerabile : an impudent c„ postulatio im- pudens; very moderate c.'s, postulata lenissima: to make an unjust c, iniquum postulare: I grant a c, quod qs postulat, concedo : to desist from a c, posiu- lationem cs rei abjicere : to give up or surrender a c, jus suum dimittere or remittere; dejure suodecedere: to give up a c. to athg, remittere rem : decedere de re. The person on whom a c. is made (judicially), unde petitur. — 1| The claims of athg, quod dandum or tribuendum est ci rei (the latter if the c. is one of right). The c.'s of friendship, quod dandum est ami- citiae : of duty, quod tribuendum est officio. CLAIMANT, qui petit.— petitor (in a court of jus- tice). CLAMBER, eniti in qd (upwards). — descendere, se demittere in qd (downwards). — derepere in qd (slowly and downwards). CLAMMINESS, lentitia (Plin). CLAMMY, tenax (e. g. like waxt).— resinaceus (like resin, resinous). — glutinosus (like glue, gluey), lentus. CLAMOROUS, strepens. fremens.— tumultuosus. — violentus. vehemens. C. passions, importunae Uridi- nes. C. disapprobation, reclamatio (of a particular statement). — acclamatio (Cic— in the historians it is c. approbation). To receive athg with c. approbation, magno clamore approbare qd ; plausu et clamore pro- sequi qd : aby, clamore et vocibus ci astrepere. CLAMOUR, clamor (freq. in the pi. if it means the c. of several persons).— convicium (of a turbulent as- sembly of persons). Jn. clamor conviciumque ; clamor atque convicium. — voces (c combined with shouts of a turbulent mass of people). — vociferatio. vociferatus CLA CLA (loud vehement cries fm displeasure, pain, wrath, fyc). — quiritatio (L.), quiritatus (Plin. — wailing c. : e.g. infantium).— strepitus (c, as din). — fremitus (hollow murmuring of a multitude). — clamor inconditus; clamor dissonus ; clamores dissoni ; clamor dissonus in diversa vocantium (some shouting one thing, some another). — a dreadful c, clamor ingens; arises, fit or oritur or exoritur : to raise a c, clamare ; vociferari (violently): receive with c. (e. g. aby's arrival), clamoribus excipere qd or qm : with c, cum clamore; cum vociferatu : proclaim or cull out athg with c, clamare qd. CLAMOUR, v. clamare (g. t. : intr. and tr. of a loudly raised voice in speaking, shouting ; also to pro- claim clamorously, fyc.).— conclamare (intr. and tr. to c. together: of a multitude of persons). — vociferari (intr. and tr. to c. violently, paissonately, with exertion, fm pain, anger, dissatisfaction, fyc.).— clamorem edere or tollere. — quiritare (pitiably). — strepere. strepitum edere (to c. so that it resounds). — strepitum facere (with athg, qa re). — tumultum facere. tumultuari (c. turbu- lently ; t'.e former also in a camp at the approach of the enemy). — clamitare (loudly). — 1| To c. against aby, acclamare ci (C.) ; clamore qm sectari ; ci obstrepere, ci reclamare, conviciis lacessere qm. — 1| To c. for athg, flagitare, efflagitare qd. CLAMP, confibula lignea or ferrea (Cat. R. R. 12). CLAMP, v. *confibula lignea or ferrea jungere, con- stringere, &c. CLAN, gens. — tribus. CLANDESTINE, clandestinus (without the know- ledge of others). — furtivus. CLANDESTINELY, furtim. clam. — clanculum (Com.). CLANG, cantus tubarum, cornuum. sonus. sonitus (as state ; when athg produces a c). — clangor (of cym- bals, 8)-c. ; also of the wings of great birds in their flight). — crepitus (the loud c, e. g. of arms, glasses, goblets, fyc). CLANK, crepare. crepitum dare.— sonare (g. t. for producing a noise).— with arms, concrepare armis (of several persons). CLANK, s. strepitus; crepitus (of goblets, <§-c); sonus or sonitus (e. g. armis, &c). CLANSMAN, gentilis.— tribulis. CLAP, \\Strike, ferire; pulsare (repeatedly); ver- berare (whip). To c.-to the door (in one's face), fores objicere. To c. the hands together, collidere manus (violently as an orator does) ; manus complodere (in ap- probation, for joy, grief, wonder, 8fc); plaudere mani- bus, orplaudere; manu plausum facere (to c. in token of applause). — to c. a person or thing, plaudere, applau- dere ci or ci rei ; applaudere et approbare qd. To c. the wings, alis plaudere ; alas quatere cum clangore. — || Join to, addere qd ci rei or ad qd. — adjicere qd ci rei or ad qd. — apponere ci or ad qd. — imponere qd in rem. To c. a ladder agst a wall, scalam muro appli- care or apponere. To c. chains upon a person, catenas ci injicere. To c. a guard upon one, custodes ci addere, indere. To c. a plaster on a wound, vulneri cataplasma imponere. To c. one thing upon another (fasten it), affiuere qd ci rei. To c. spurs to a horse, equo calcaria subdere; equumcalcaribusconcitare ; calcaria adhibere or admovere. To c. a man into prison, in vincula, in carcerem conjicere ; in carcerem detrudere. To c. tinder, subdere, subjicere. To c. a lawsuit on a man's back, litem ci iutendere, impingere. CLAP, H-4 sort of hammer to strike on a chisel; a mallet, malleus. — || Sound, strepitus. fremitus, fragor (stronger term). — plausus (esply icith the hand). — crepitus (with the wing). — thunder-c, cceli fragor. fragor coeli or coelestis. tonitrus (tonitrua oc- curs in pi., but no where sing, tonitru, s. Ramsh. § 30,5). — fulmen (flash of lightning together with a c. of thun- der). — 1| M ark of approbation (by clapping one's hands), plausus. Jn. plausus clamoresque.— collisae manus. — (J3p° acclamatio esply of the people at the appearance of a popular favorite: in the historians only, but in C. = mark of disapprobation. CLAPPER, sistrum (the c. used at the worship of Isis). — *campanae pistillum (c. of a bell). — crepitacu- lum (g. t. e. s- of a mill). CLAPPING of the hands, collisae manus (as ora- torical artifice). — plausus (as mark of applause). CLAPTRAPS. See Traps. CLARET, vinum rubellum (+, pale-red wine. — (ggir the grape of wch, after the conjecture of Voss. Virg. Eel. 5, 7, labruscum. cenanthe). CLARIFICATION, to be formed by one of the verbs in Clarify. CLARIFY, deliquare (by pouring off liquor. Col. 12, (117) 39, 2).— percolare (by filtering).— defaecare (c. off the dregs). — despumare (of honey). — diffundere (of wine, s. interpr.to H.Ep. 1,5,4).— |j C lear up, clarum reddere. CLARION, tuba, lituus. Syn. in Trumpet. CLARIONET, tibia argutior. CLASH, tr.) collidere. — ixtr.) || propr. dash agst each other, collidi (inter se). — concurrere inter se (run together: e.g. of two ships). — with athg, offendere qd. impr.) || I n a hostile manner, inter se col- lidi (of things). — concurrere: together, inter se: with aby, cum qo (in conflict : e. g. of soldiers). To c. (of letters), aspere concurrere : if two consonants c. toge- ther, si binae consonantes collidantur (Q. 9, 4, 37). — inter se concurrere (of simply com j ng together: but Krebs is wrong in saying that collidere is never used of letters and syllables). — 1| Be at variance; be incon- sistent, inter se pugnare, repugnare, discrepare or dis- sidere. His actions c. with his words, facta ejus cum dictis discrepant. The answers (of the witnesses) c, non congruentia respondent. Take care not to put together " clashing metaphors," id in primis est custodiendum. ut, quo ex genere cceperis translationis, hoc desinas (Q.). " Clashing metaphors" (Addison), *inconsequentia translationum (aft. Q. 8, 6, 50). — || To make a clashing sound, increpare (of arms, 0. ; of a dis- cus, C). CLASH, s. ~) || Co His ion, concursio. concur- CL ASHING, s.j" sus (the running together: e.g. of ships, enemies, fyc, the former as act, the latter as state or thing).— conflictio (C. and Q. : e. g. duorum inter se corporum. Q).—ihe c. together of letters, literarum aspera concursio (C). collisus (Plin.), collisio (Just.), are both Post-A ug. — 1| Discrepance; host He oppo- sition, 8fc, repugnantia. pugna. — discrepantia (e. g. scripti et voluntatis).— diversitas. CLASP, s. fibula.— retinaculum (g. t.).—\\ Embrace, amplexus, complexus. CLASP, v. fibulare (Col.), infibulare (Cels.).— fibula subnectere. With hands clasped together, digitis inter se pectine junctis (0. Met. 9). To be clasped together (of parts wch fit one into the other), commissum esse, inter se commissa esse, coire (Post Aug.). To c. each other's hands, dextram dextrae committere (in pledging their faith.— poet. 0.).—\\ Grasp, prehendere, appre- hendere. — 1| Embrace, amplecti, complecti ; circum- plecti (quite round: e. g. a tree); amplexari (embrace tenderly); circumplicare (f>ld about: of a serpent for instance). To c. one about the waist, qm medium com- plecti. Clasped in each other's arms, inter se complexi. The vine c.'s with its tendrils whatever it meets, vitia claviculis suis, quidquid nacta est, complectitur. CLASPER (of a vine, fyc ). clavicula. CLASP-KNIFE, «culer plicatilis. CLASS, classis (v. pr. also in a school); ordo (order, rank); genus (race, 'genus:' e. g. of men, birds, $c.). Those of the lowest c, homines infimi ordinis or generis : of all c.'s, omnium ordinum homines : c.'s of citizens, pupils, classes (not ordines civium, discipulorum) : men of the same c, ejusdem ordinis homines. One of the first c. of citizens, classicus (Gell. 7, 13). To arrange scholars in c.'s, pueros in classes distribuere (Q). Philosophers of the lowest c, philosophi, qui mihi quintae classis videntur (C.).— $£gr In Nat. Hist, there are no 'c.'s of animals,' but only genera anima- lium (Krebs). To be at the head of the c. (at school), classem ducere (Q. 1, 2, 23). By c.'s, generatim. CLASS, \ in classes describere; generatim dis- CLASSIFYJtribuere. CLASSIC. A c, scriptor primae classis (C.).— scrip- tor subtllis atque elegans (with ref. to fine selection of words and beauty of style).— gSgT Gellius (an affected writer of the age of the Antonines, 130 A. D.) has scrip- tor classicus. opp. scriptor proletarius; speaking of him with ref. to the division of Roman citizens into classes. The C.'s, scriptores primae classis ; scriptores optimi, praestantissimi, maximi, praecipui. venustissimi atque politissimi (with ref. to style). — optimi latinitatis auc- tores (with' ref. to Lat. style). The (Greek and Lot.) c.'s, antiqui scriptores utriusque linguae, veteres scrip- tores Graeci et Latini. CLASSICAL, || Best, most distinguished (of ivriters whose works are masterpieces), optimus. prae- stantissimus. praecipuus. eximius. — primae classis. 'A c. writer,' see Classic — || With ref. to Greek and Roman writers: 'C. literature,' see Classic. C. antiquity, antiquitas Graecorum et Romanorum.— anti- quitas docta et erudita {with ref. to learning).— antiqui- tas elegans (with ref. to art). For a long time no author should be read who is- not c. of his kind, diu non nisi optimus quisque legendus est : to acquire a copia ver- CLA CLE l)oruin by perusing works that are c, copiam verborum parare optima legendo. CLASSIFICATION, descriptio in classes. CLATTER, v. crepare or (stronger) crepitare. — sonare {g. t.). To c. with their arms, armis concrepare: their arms clattered, increpuere arma. — 1| C hatter, Vid. CLATTER, s. crepitus (e.g. ringing of glasses). C. of arms, armorum sonus or sonitus. CLAVICLE. See Shoulder-blade. CLAUSE, \\Member of a sentence, comma. (I. t. but written in Gk characters by C. and Q.), or pure Lat. incisum. incisio (both C — smaller portion). — membrum (larger portion). — clausula (in Juists, a clause, chapter, fyc, in edicts, laws, fyc). — caput (head, chapter). — comprehensio (period). — enuntiatio, enun- tiatum (sentence). To add a c. to a law, that fyc, ad legem adjicere, ut &c.— \\ Limitation, exceptio. — \\Condition, conditio. CLAW, unguis. — 1| Of a crab, brachium. CLAW, v. ungues injicere ci; unguibus discerpere; scalpere (scratch). CLAY, argilla (gen.) ; creta figularis or qua utuntur figuli (potter's c). Of c, fictilis (made of c, earthen) : figlinus (made by the potter). — 1| Earth, lutum. CLAYEY, argillosus. CLAYISH, argillaceus. CLEAN, v. See Cleanse. To c. a room, verrere pavimentum (sc. cubiculi. Juv.):ahouse, aedes (Plant.) : the streets, vias (Suet.).— 1| To c. aby out (= take fm him all he has), everrere et extergere omnia (see 'sweep Clean '). CLEAN, || Free from stains, $c, purus (without any spot or blemish).— mundus (only of solid surfaces, wch are free fm dirt or stains). Jn. mundus purusque. C. vessels, vasa pura : c. linen, *lintea pura : a c. piece of paper, charta pura : to wash c, pure lavare. * To keep c.', see Clean, v. Cleanse. To keep things c. (i. e. habitually), munditias studere, munditiam adhi- bere (C. Off. 1, 36, 130). To sweep c. ( = plunder athg so as to leave nothing for another), everrere et exter- gere (e. g. templa. C. Verr. 2, 21, 52).- fig. to have c. hands (= not to have stolen athg), manus abstinere alieno ; ab alieno abstinere cupiditatem aut manus. — ^° aqua pura m mo( clean, but unmixed water: c. 'water' is aqua limpida. — \\Free from moral im- purity, purus. integer. Jn. purus et integer.— cas- tus. Jn. purus et castus. castus purusque (chaste, both of body and mind). — impollutus. incontaminatus. CLEAN, adv. (quite, altogether), prorsus, plane; funditus (fm the foundation); totus (e.g. he is c. altered, totus commutatus est). — Numantia was c. de- stroyed, Numantia funditus deleta est. — \\ Sts ex- pressed by a compound word, or by some other turn of expression : e. g. to empty the bottle c, lagenam ex- siccare: a jug, potare fsece tenus cadum. To leap c. over athg, transilire qd or trans qd. CLEANLINESS, munditia, mundities. — overdone, odiosa et exquisita nimis. CLEANLY, adj. purus (clean) ; mundus (clean, of things; and loving cleanness of persons). Over-c, justo mundior. CLEANNESS, munditia. mundities.— (puritas does not occur in the best prose). — 1| Moral purity, integri- tas(unspotted character).— ceistiias (chastity). — sanctitas (holiness). The c. of aby 's hands, abstinentia ( = alieno abstinere ; nulla re conciliare facilius benevolentiam multitudinis possunt ii, qui reipublicae prassunt, quam abstinentia et continental). CLEANSE, purgare, repurgare, expurgare, purum facere (g. it. purificare not to be recommended) ; febru- are (by a sacrifice; a religious word); mundum fa- cere, mundare, emundare (purge fm dirt); eluere (wash or rinse out); abluere (by washing off); tergere, deter- gere (wipe off, sweep) ; extergere (wipe out) ; verrere, everrere (sweep, sweep out) ; lustrare (consecrate by a purifying sacrifice) ; expiare (expiate). — c. the sewers, cloacas purgare, detergere: the stables, stabula, bubilia : purgare or emundare : the body fm filth, abluere corpus illuvie ; sores, expurgare ulcera : the forum of the marks of crime, expiare forum a sceleris vestigiis. CLEANSER, purgator (e. g cloacarum, of sewers). — qui qd purgat, repurgat, emundat, mundum facit, &c. CLEANSING, purgatio; lustratio ; expiatio. A means of c, februum (for an offering); purgamen cs rei (for expiation). A c. medicine, see Aperient. CLEAR.— 1| To the sight; bright, light, ^c , clarus (c. -shining ; naturally c. and bright). — lucidus (full of light and shedding light).— pellucidus (trans- parent in itself). — perspicuus (transparent, that may be seen through).— limpidus (only of water, naturally light (118) and c.).— illustris (in the light, bright).— nitidus, nifens (of a pure brightness). — serenus (c, unclouded : of the sky, day, fyc. ; fig. of the brow).— laetus, hilaris or -us (cheerful: of the countenance).— -purus (pure, clean, unspotted : also, unmixed, as water, air, also sky, gems, fyc). — mundus (clean). Not to be c. about athg, non ha- bere, quod liqueat. A c. sky, c. weather, serenum, sere- nitas, sudum. Still and c. weather, tranquilla serenitas. It becomes c, disserenascit ; 'tis so, disserenat. C. water (not mixed), aqua pura. — ^Also, clear, i.e. plain,evident, manifest, either to the eye or the mind, perspicuus, aper- tus, manifestus, evidens; testalus (shown, as it vjere, by witnesses).— notus, cognitus (known). — certus (certain); planus (intelligible, plain).— clarus, lucidus, dilucidus, illustris (bright, lucid).— expressus (exactly expressed). — distinctus (well-ordered; also of the speaker). It is c, est perspicuum, planum, evidens, manifestum ; apparet, in aperto est ; lucet ; liquet. It is clearer than the light, luce or omni luce or solis luce clarius est ; per- spicuum est omnibus. C. marks of crime, expressa sceleris vestigia. A c. description, dilucida et signifi- cans descriptio. — 1| Clear, to the hearing, canorus (c.-sounding, opp. to fuscus, thick, hollow : clarisonus is poet.).— acutus (sharp, high: opp. gravis, deep).— clarus (c, audible, loud: opp. obtusus). — candidus (c, not thick). A c. voice, vox clara or splendida (this last implies sweetness also); vox explanabilis (articulate).— vox levis. To make the voice c, splendorem vocis arTerre (Plin.). C. utterance, os planum or explanatum. — 1| Clear, as a qua lity of the sight, of the hear- ing, and also of the mind, acutus (sharp, keen, acute: prop, and fig.). — acer (sharp, piercing: of sight and the mind). — perspicax (sharp-sighted, piercing : of a person as to his mind).— sollers (intelligent, discerning, judicious). — ingeniosus (inventive, talented). — sagax (sagacious, as to scent or hearing, or as to mind). — A c. head, ingenium acutum, acre; acies mentis, acumen ingenii. — 1| Clear, i.e. free, unencumbered, liber, solutus; liber et solutus.— un impair ed, unhurt, integer (whole), intactus (untouched, unimpaired), in- violatus (unviolated), invulneratus (unwounded), in- corruptus (untainted, spoiled in no part), incolumis (unhurt), salvus (with life), sospes (saved by the mercy j of heaven). C. of a thing, liber or liberates re or a re ; I vacuus re or a re ; expers cs rei; intactus qa re. C. of debt, aere" alieno vacuus (having no debts); aere alieno solutus (freed fm them) : to get c. of debt, exire aere alieno, aes alienum dissolvere. To get c. of a thing, se qa re exuere, se ex qa re explicare, expedire ; fugere, effugere qd, subterfugere qd ; evadere ex, &c. ; elabi ci rei or ex re (e. g. custodise, vinculis). To keep (one- self) c. of, fugere, defugere, cavere : keep another, pro- hibere or defendere qd ab qo or qm ab qa re. To come off c, vivum, salvum, integrum evadere (come off safe) ; absolvi (be acquitted) ; pcenas non dare (escape punishment) ; qd impune facere, iecisse. You shall not get off c, as you suppose, hoc tibi nlo solidare, fm am^lum (apivXov). CLEAVE, intr.) haerere in qa re; adhaerere ci rei; inhaerere ci rei or in qa re, e. g. lingua adhaeret or in- haeret. — adhaerescere ci rei or ad qd ; inhserescere in qa re. — fig. to c. to a habit, *institutum suum mor- dicus tenere : to words, *in verborum quasi cortice haerere: to c. to a person continually, quasi umbra qm sequitur qs; se agglutinare (Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 63). — manere (to remain fast). — haeret ei peccatum (he c's to his fault). — se dare, se dedere, se tradere ci or ci rei. se addicere ci (to c. to a person or thing fm inclination). — morem gerere, obsequi ci (c. to a person). — indulgere ci rei (c. to athg). — studere ci rei (stronger term). — se conferre ad studium cs rei. dedere se studio cs rei. — totum se tradere ci (stronger term for to c. to aby), also totum cs esse; cs esse proprium (C. ad Div. 7, 30, 2). — multum esse in re (stronger term for to c. to athg : e. g. in venationibus). See Cling. — tr.) findere (g. t.). diffindere (asunder), caedere (with an axe: e. g. lig- num). — cleft, fissus (g. t. as Suet. Cces. 61, ungula) ; bisulcus (in two parts, = cloven, ungula. pes. lingua) : to c. a rock, saxum diffindere. — discutere (to strike asunder: e. g. murum). — secare (cut : propr. and im- propr.). — persecare. intersecare (propr.). — scindere (propr. and impropr.). To c. in the middle, medium secare. — ictu findere (with a blow) ; dissecare. Cloven- footed animals, bisulca, pi. A horse with hoofs cloven like fingers, equus in modum digitorum fissis ungulis (Suet.). CLEAVER, qui findit (of person).— Aolabra (butcher's chopping-knife). CLEAVING-STONE, schistos or -us (o-xr oneself )\ CLO CLO negotium procurare (for aby) : I c. the bargain with aby, de pretio inter nos convenit: the bargain was closed, de pretio inter ementem et vendentem convenit. — || to close in. — to c. in with a wall, muro (muris) sepire ; mcenibus cingere : to c. in with a rampart and ditch, sepire vallo et fossa: the enemy, hostem circum- venire; locorum angustiis claudere {in defiles): to be closed in by athg, qa re cingi, circumdari, contineri. See Enclose. — || to close up, claudere. intercludere. praecludere (intercl. in the middle, praecl. in front). — obstruere {to c. up, by athg erected for that purpose, the access to athg or place). — ci aditum intercludere or prae- cludere (to aby) : viam praecludere {in front) : viam obstruere (to barricade, as it were, or obstruct) : iter intercludere or interrumpere {to the enemy on his march) : iter obsepire {to c. up by a wall, hedge, or any boundary; also by troops). — intr.) coire (e. g. of the eye-lids, wounds, fyc.).— fiorem suum comprimere {of flowers). — 1| to close with: to come into close quarters, manum conserere. ad manum accedere. cominus pugnare (gladiis). cominus gladiis uti. manu decertare (all these — to fight c. together, or to come to c. quarters with the sword, after the commencement of the fight with javelins, arrows, fyc). — inter se (collatis signis) concurrere. prcelium committere (mly of two hostile armies). — (armis) congredi cum qo ; (manu) confligere cum qo ; ferrum et manus conferre cum qo; signa conferre cum qo (all, e. g. cum hostibus). — 1| To coalesce, coalescere. conglutinari. CLOSE, s. || Enclosure, septum, conseptum. locus septus. — cohors or cors, in MSS. also chors (hurdles for cattle, and a place fenced round with hurdles, fyc , whether movable or ?tot). — \\ A small field, agellus. ager conseptus. C. — || Conclusion (or point where athg has an end), finis, extremum. terminus, exitus. [Syn. in End.] — clausula (the c. of a sentence or letter) : at the c. of the speech, in extrema oratione : at the c. of a book, in extremo libro : at the c. of the year, extremo anno (or extremo anni) ; also exeunte anno : at the c. of the month of June, extremo mense Junio (not ultimo mense, wch signifies in the month of June of last year) : at the c, in fine, in extremo (with ref. to space) ; also ad ultimum. ad extremum (at the very c ). To bring athg to a c, finem ci rei afferre. qd ad fiuem adducere or perducere; qd absolvere (to effect or com- plete in all its parts); qd transigere (a bargain, a business); qd profligare (with the accessary notion of dispatch); conficere. perficere. consummare qd. CLOSE, adj. \\Shut, clausus.— \\Co nfined (formed by the past part, of the verbs meaning to confine, Vid.).— 1| Reserved, taciturnus. tectus. occultus. oc- cultus et tectus : c. to aby, tectus ad qm. — cautus (in speaking). — timidus (Urn id).— frigidus (cold). — 1| Solid, densus. condensus (consisting of closely adhering parts: opp. rarus). — spissus (of parts wch hardly admit any interstices to be visible, almost impenetrable : opp. solu- tus). — solidus (of a firm mass, compact : opp. cassus, pervius). — confertus (crammed, as it were: opp. rarus). — arctior or artior "(closer): a c. battle array, acies con- densa, conferta : with c. ranks, munito agmine (e. g. to march, incedere. S. Jug. 46, 3).— 1| Concise, pressus (fig. of an author, orator, fyc, and his style). — brevis (brief, also of an orator, fyc.).— concisus sententiae (e. g. of thoughts); sententiis densus, creber (rich in ideas: Thucydides creber rerum frequentiS, concise fm the richness of thoughts).— \\Nar row, angustus (not wide: opp. latus). — artus [more correct than arctus, confined, limied: opp. laxus). — contractus (contracted, more cognate with ang. than with art. ; hence Jn. contractus et angustus, e.g. Nilus). — perangustus (very c): c. writing (e. g. on the margin of the pages), paginae con- tractio (Cic. Att. 5, 4, extr.).—c.-packing, hominum in angusto sedentium coartatio (after Liv. 27, 46, of the c. sitting in the theatre). — c. meaning of a word, ♦angustior vocis notio. — to make c, *angustum red- dere ; angustare ; coartare ; contrahere : to become c, in artius coire : the limits of the world are too c. (nar- row) for him, orbis terrarum eum non capit (aft. Curt. 7, 8, 12). — c. together, e.g. to range the ships c. together, naves in arto stipare. — a c. garment, vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens, or vestis astricta. — || In- timate: to be with a person on the closest terms of friendship, artissimo amicitiae vinculo cum qo conjunc- tum esse : familiarissime uti qo : the closest ties of friendship, artissima amicitise vincula: to form a c. intimacy with aby, sibi conjungere qm familiari ami- citia : I am on terms of c. intimacy with aby, magna est mihi cum qo familiaritas, also familiaritate magna or arta or intima or maxima cum qo conjunctum esse ; magno usu familiaritatis cum qo conjunctum esse ; (122) arta familiaritate complecti qm : to live with aby on terms of c. intimacy, qo familiariter or intime uti ; in familiaritate cs versari, also vivere cum qo (s. Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 81, Wolf). — a c. relation, propinqua cog- natione conjunctus : a very c. relation, proximus cog- natione or propinquitate; arta propinquitate conjunc- tus. — 1| Parsimonious, parcus. tenax. parcus et tenax.— restrictus. restrictus et tenax.— malignus (c. towards others). — very c, praeparcus : to be c, parce vivere (lire closely), parcere with dat. ; parcum, tenacem esse with gen.; parce ac tenuiter vivere. — \\Dull (of the weather), gravis (heavy). — nubilus (cloudy: e.g. ccelum ; day, dies). — subnubilus (some- what cloudy).— \\ Attentive, attentus. intentus. per- attentus (stronger term): to this and similar considera- tions c. attention ought to be paid, haec et talia circum- spicienda sunt : to listen with c. attention to athg, per- attente audire qd : to pay the closest attention to one's studies, totum se abdere in literas. Often by omni or summo studio ; studiosissime ; enixissime : e. g. to pay c. attention to one's books, summo studio discere ; animo sequi qd. — to pay c. attention to what aby says, diligenter attendere, attente or attento animo or sedulo audire qm ; praebere se ci attentum auditorem ; adesse animo (animis), erigere mentem (mentes) auresque et qm dicentem attendere (of those who pay c. attention to an orator). — 1| Near, propinquus; vicinus (of place, less freq. with ref. to time) — finitimus (with dat.). — prope. in propinquo (c. to athg): to be c. to, prope esse (g.t.); propinquum or vicinum esse (with ref. to time and place) ; non longe abesse. in propinquo adesse. subesse (of place and time) : closer, propius adesse : to be c. at hand, appetere (i. e. to approach, of time, a day, night, season, fyc.) : to be very c, supra caput esse, in cervicibus esse, in capite et in cervicitms esse (of place, time, and events, s. Herz. S. Cat. 52, 22) : to lie or be situated c. by, prope or in propinquo jacere or situm esse, prope esse, non longe abesse. subesse: to stand c. by aby, non longe abesse a qo: quite c. by, juxta; secundum (c. by, indicating a direction, along . . .) : c. to or by the shore, prope ripam, secundum ripam (along: e.g. navigare). — very c. to or by, proxime a with abl. or ace. — continens (of place: e.g. continens ci loco or cum qo loco). — ^^" affinis in the above meaning is not met with in classic prose : conterminus and contiguus only used by poets and later writers. — || ' To come to c. quarters,' see ' to close with.' CLOSE-FISTED, \ See Close, adj.=parsi- CLOSE-HANDED, j monious. CLOSELY, || In a reserved manner, timide. caute. — || Thickly, fyc, dense, spisse. solide. con- fertim. arctius. — 1| Concisely, presse. — 1| Na rrowly, anguste. arete.— to write c, arte (or arete) scribere ; paginam contrahere (i. e. for the purpose of getting room on the page or sheet for what one has to say). — || Parsimoniously, parce. maligne. tenuiter. Jn. parce ac tenuiter (e. g. vivere, to live c). — 1| In a dili- gent, attentive manner, omni or summo studio; studiose; studiosissime. enixissime: to attend c. to his books, summo studio discere: to examine athg c, to look c. into athg, intentis oculis qd intueri ; intueii qd acri et attento animo (C). qd studiose intueri (e. g. rerum naturam, C). CLOSENESS, \\ Density of substance, $c, cras- situdo. — densitas (thickness).— spissitas (c. approaching to impenetrability). — 1| Taciturnity, tacit urnitas. pec- tus clausum. — || Nearness, propinquitas. — vicinia (neighbourhood). — \\Closeness of an intimacy or con- nexion, mly by conjunctio with a proper adj. (magna, summa, tanta, quanta, &c ) : he had often hea>d fm me what a delightful c. of intimacy there was between us, saepe ex me audierat, quam suavis esset inter nos et quanta conjunctio : this c. of our intimacy, haec nostra conjunctio. The greatest possible c. of intimacy, ar- tissima (cum qo) summae conjunctions vincula : to have a great c. of intimacy with aby, arte (artissime) cum qo conjungi. — || Parsimony, parsimonia (in athg, cs rei). — tenacitas (close-fistedness. *L. 34. 7, 4). — malignitas (the niggardliness that withholds fm others the full measure of what is due to them). — 1| Of a room, the air, fyc, gravitas. — 1| Cogency of an argument, auctoritas (see Q. 10, 1, 111), or by Crcl. to use great c. of argument, firma ad probandum argumenta afferre; gravissima et firmissima argumenta afferre. CLOSE STOOL, las&num.— sella pertusa, also sella only. CLOSET, conclave (g. t. for a room).— cubiculum minus or secretius. zotheca [Syn. in Cabinet]. To venture into a c, committere se in conclave, cubicu- lum, &c. : go or retire into a c, in conclave, cubi- CLO CLU culura, &c, ire (C), with aby, cum qo.— 1| Cupboard, Vid. CLOSET, v. To have been closeted with aby {literally), in idem conclave, *or in cubiculum secretius, cum qo esse, or (fig.) sine arbitris cum qo locutum esse; in consilium a qo adhibitum esse. CLOT, massa (e. g. of pitch, picis. V.) .— gleba (e. g. turis, Lucr., picis, Cces., sevi, Cces.). — glebula, mas- sula. Ac. of blood, sanguis concretus (0.) ; «concreti sanguinis particula. CLOT, v. coire. concrescere.— spissari. — Jn. spissari et in densitatem coire. — coagulari (prop, by rennet, as milk ; then of any liquid mass, made to coagulate in any way). — Clotted milk, lac gelatum, congelatum : hair clotted with blood, crines concreti sanguine. CLOTH, pannus. woollen c, pannus laneus : linen c, pannus linteus. lintea, pi. Stout c, pannus duplex. Fine c, pannus tenuior (opp. pan. crassior). Cotton c, prps, *pannus xylinus [see Calico], hair-c, cilicium. A c. manufactory, panni officina.— 1| Table-c, linteum in mensa ponendum or positum (v. Appul. Apol. 308, 19), or only *mensas linteum. To lay the c, *mensam linteo sternere (aft. Mart. 14, 138): triclinium sternere (to prepare the dinner-sofas, after the ancient fashion). — \\Cloth of state, aulaaum. CLOTHE, vestire. convestire (propr. with a gar- ment, then with other covering). — veste tegere. — veste induere qm. vestem induere ci (put a garment on aby). — veste qm amicire (with an article of dress, that is not drawn on, but thrown round). To c. oneself, induere sibi vestem or se veste. veste indui (of c.'s that are drawn on) ; veste se amicire (of garments thrown around) : to c. oneself in athg, vestiri, amiciri qa re ; (ace. to the distinction just given, poet, velari qa re) : to c. oneself in the Roman garb, or ace. to the Roman fashion, Romano habitu uti : to c. oneself no better than a slave, se non servo melius vestire (t) : to be c.'d in purple and gold, insignem auro et purpura conspici. The earth is c.'d with flowers, terra vestitur floribus : the meadows are c.'d with grass, herbis prata convestiuntur. CLOTHES, vestes. vestimenta. tegumenta corporis. [See Dress, Garment.] To change one's c.'s, vesti- menta mutare. To be fond of fine c.'s, nimio indul- gere vestitui ; vestes emere sumptuosius (aft. Plin. Ep. 9, 12, init.). Prov. C.'s make the man, homo ex veste, ant ex conditione, quae vestis nobis circumdata est, vulgo aestimatur (aft. Sen. Ep. 47, 14). The ex- pense of one's c.'s, sumptus vestium. The servant vjho looks after one's c.'s, vestispex (Inscr.: fern, vestispica). — capsarius (the slave who looked after his master's c.'s while he bathed). Old-fashioned c.'s, vestitus obsoletus. To send one's c.'s to the wash, vestes lavandas dare : dirty or foul c.'s, *lintea sordida. To make c.'s, vestes conficere: to mend or patch them, resarcire : to put them on [see To Clothe] : to take them off, exuere (of c.'s that are drawn ow)> ponere, deponere (of c.'s that'are flung round one; e. g. ponere tun icam, C). — To leave off c.'s, vestes abjicere, rejicere, deponere : to tear c.'s, vestes discindere: to take, pull, or strip a man's c.'s off, vest, ci detrahere : to buy new c.'s, novam sibi parare vestem. A full suit of c.'s, synthesis (Sccev. Dig. 34, 2, 38. Mart. 2, 46, 4). plenus, Justus vestitus (Kraft). — 1| Cs-brush, peniculus or penicillus. IggTMe ancients used for this purpose either cauda bubula (a cow's tail for brushing off the dust), or erinacei cutis (the skin of a hedge-hog for making them smooth). — || C.'s-press, armarium (not scrinium. The ancients kept them either in a chest, area vestiaria, or in a room or closet for the purpose, vestiarium). — 1| Bed-c.'s, vestimenta stragula, or fm context, stragula only (stragulum was under the sleeper, opertorium above him. Sen.). CLOTHIER, *panni textor.— 1| Seller of clothes, qui pannos vendit. To be a c, pannos vendere, ven- ditare. CLOTHING, vestitus.— vestimenta.— cultus.— ves- tis ornatus (as ornamented). See Clothes. CLOTTED, concretus. See To Clot. CLOTT-POLL, stipes, caudex. asinus. CLOTTY, see Clotted.— || Of land, glebosus (opp. tener). CLOUD, nubes (also impr. e. g. of dust, nubes pul- veris; of locusts, nubes locustarum). To fall fm the c.'s, de coelo delabi; ex astris delabi or decidere. The sky was covered with thick (dark, dense) c.'s, ccelum erat grave sordidis nubibus : to see as through a c, cernere quasi per caliginem : to form (or form them- selves into) a cloud, in nubem cogi. Prov. he seemed (to himself) to have fallen fm the c.'s, *in alium quen- dam orbem delatus sibi videbatur. fig.) to throw a c. (123) over athg, caliginem ci rei (e. g. cs animo) offundere. — || In precious stones, fyc, nubes. — vena. — || Great multitude (magna) copia. multitudo.— gglfr nubes must not be used, unless the image of a c. is preserved ; as in nubes locustarum, since they darken the air like a c. : of birds, volucrum ; of infantry and cavalry, equitum peditumque. CLOUD, v. nubibus obducere. The sky is c.'d over, ccelum nubibus obducitur ; nubilatur; nubilare ccepit. fig.) aby's brow is c.'d over, oculi cs tristitiae quoddam nubilum ducunt (Q. 11, 3, 75). A c.'d brow, frons con- tracta (wrinkled forehead) ; vultus tristis. frons nubila (sad, serious look : the latter Mart. 2, 11). CLOUDED, nubilus. obnubilus. CLOUDINESS. Crcl.—C. of brow, frons contracta, &c. CLOUDLESS, nubibus vacuus.— serenus (calm, fine). CLOUDY, nubilus. obnubilus. The sky is becoming c , ccelum nubibus obducitur ; nubilatur ; nubilare ccepit. — 1| Of marble, 8>c, venosus. CLOUT, pannus, dim. panniculus. lacinia (prop, the lappet of a dress; then any pendent piece of cloth or other substance). CLOUT, v. (male) sarcire, resarcire. — pannum as- suere (to stitch on a patch). Clouted, pannis obsitus (covered with c.'s). CLOVE, caryophyllum or garyophyllum (Plin. 12, 7, 15. according to Vincent: according to Sprengel the trifoliate mullein). — *caryophyllus aromaticus (Linn.). — 1| C. of garlic, nucleus allii. CLOVEN. See. Cleave, end. CLOVER, trif'olium. A c.-field, *ager trifolio con- sftus. Prov. To live in c, in aeterna rosa, vivere (Mart.) : in omnium rerum affiuentibus copiis vivere : circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantia vivere. CLOWN, rusticus (the peasant, as well with ref. to his occupation as to his manners, ojap.urbanus). — agres- tis (the peasant with regard to his dwelling and man- ners. j||gr the rusticus violates merely the conven- tional, but the agrestis also the common laws of civility). He is a mere c, merum rus est (Com.). — homo agrestis, stipes, caudex (as abusive epithets). — || On the stage (in farces), qui partes ridendas agit (after Petron. 80, 9). CLOWNISH, rusticus. [Syn. in Clown.] — rusti- canus (milder than rusticus; resembling those who live in the country, or what bears the stamp or impres- sion found in the country : ' countrified'). — inurbanus. inhumanus (without refinement or polish). — incultus (without civilization). C. conduct, comportment, fyc, rusticitas (silv. age) : c. manners, mores rustici : c. voice or pronunciation, vox rustica (unrefined, or void of polish), et agrestis (rough, vulgar) ; sonus vocis agrestis : c. bashfulness (unbecoming, or not in its place), rusticitas (the French, ' mauvaise honte')- [See Rustic] In a c. manner, rustice, e. g. rustice loqui, facere, &c. (to speak, act in a c. manner.) CLOWNISHNESS, rusticitas. inurbanitas. inhu- manitas. [Syn. in Clownish.] — mores inculti or rustici. — verba rustica (of words), see also the substt. under Clownish. To be guilty of c. in one's conduct or manners, ab humanitate abhorrere. CLOY, satiare (to cause aby to have enough of athg, propr. and fig.) luith athg, qa re. — saturare (to fill so that the person is incapable of taking any more, propr. and fig.) ivith athg, qa re. — exsati^re (to satisfy fully, vino ciboque. L.). — exsaturare (C. saturare strength- ened). To c. oneself, se usque ad nauseam ingurgitare : vino ciboque exsatiari. / am cloyed with athg, satietas cs rei me tenet.— me taedet or pertaesum est cs rei (am wearied of it even to loathing). — explere (to fill, quench, propr. and impr.). — satietatem or fastidium afferre. satietatem creare; fastidium movere ci ; taedium af- ferre ; taedio officere qm ; nauseam facere. CLUB, || A s means of defence, or weapon, clava. C. -bearer, qui clavam gerit (poet, claviger). — fustis (a long piece of wood for thrashing, fustibus tun- dere, but esply as instrument for corporal punishment and inflicting death, as military punishment. Plaut. C. fyc. [see Lex. fustuarium], centurionem fusti percu- tere, Veil. : decimum quemque fusti necare or ferire, Tac). — baculum nodosum (aft. Val. Max. 2, 78, who has ictus nodosus. i. e. a stroke with it).— baculum cum nodo (aft. L. 1, 18, who has the contrary to it, viz. bac. sine nodo). — 1| Society, circulus (g. t. asocial circle). — factio (a political c. or society, forming a party in the stale, like that of the Jacobins in Paris, see Trajan, Plin. Ep. 10, 36). — globus consensionis (of conspirator s\. CLU COA — sodalitas. sodalitium (any society of friends or com- rades, e. g. at Rome of certain priests to perform some secret worship attended by a feast, Greek tratpeia, wch Traj. Plin. Ep. 10, 36 (43), 1, also makes use of in Latin). — collegium (a corporation, e. g. of mechanics, tradesmen, fyc.) : a literary c, *societas doctorum hominum: coetus, conventus hominum or amicorum (g. t. for any assembly). — consessus {for a given pur- pose). — sessiuncula (a meeting, Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 56, where he joins the words circuli et sessiunculse). — acroasis (c. of literary men, where one of the members reads athg aloud to the assembly). See also Society. — Member of a c, sodalis (esply for the purpose of feast- ing, playing, $c.) : vir factionis {of polit. party) : socius (for serious purposes): homo ejusdem corporis (L. 4, 9) : the members of our, his, fyc. c, nostri or sui corporis homines {see L. 6, 34), or nostri, sui, only {see L. 4, 57), *homo de circulo.— 1| Share of a reckon- ing (esply incurred by feasting, 8,-c), *sumptus comis- sationis (not compotationis). — to pay for the whole c, ♦comissationis sumptus facere (propr.).— symbola, e. g. to pay one's c, *symbolam solvere. *pro hospitio sol- vere (at an inn). CLUB, v. conferre ad or in qd.— pecuniam dare ad ad. pecuniam or stipem conferre. collationem facere. in commune, in publicum conferre. CLUB-FOOT, tali pravi (H. Sat. 1, 3, 48).— tali ex- stantes (Schol.). CLUB-FOOTED, scaurus (H. and others). — talis pravis or exstantibus (H. Sat. 1, 3, 48. Schol.). CLUB-LAW. Vis. CLUCK, singultire (of a hen when leading her young ones, Col. 8, 11, 15). — glocire (of a hen when sitting, Col. 8, 5, 4). CLUCKING, singultus. CLUCKING-HEN, gallina singultiens or glociens. [Syn. in Cluck.] CLUE. See Clew. CLUMP, massa. — gleba [Syn. in Clod].— massula, glebula (of smaller size). — 1| A group (e. g. of trees), silvula (Col. 8, 15) : arbores condensae. locus arboris condensus. CLUMSILY, inepte. incommode, inscite. vaste. To be c. made, vasto esse corpore (of men and beasts). — inscite factum esse (of things). — incondite, inficete. incomposite. illiberaliter. inurbane, rustice. To act c, corporis motu esse agrestem; rustice se prsebere (to behave c), also rustice facere : to dance c, minus com- mode saltare : not to behave c, non incommode se gerere. — crasse. insulse. ineleganter. illepide. invenuste/ CLUMSINESS, species informis or vasta (unwieldi- ness). — inhabilis moles vasti corporis (unwieldy bulk of body, Curt. 9, 2, 21). — rusticitas. inurbanitas (not illi- beralitas). inhumanitas (of manners), also mores in- culti or rustici (inelegantia only found in Gaj. Instit. I, § 84, Goesch. ).— crassitudo (of size). — duritas (in speech, i. e. expression, of a verse, fyc). — to have more c. than strength, carnis plus habere quam lacertorum (Q. of style). CLUMSY, inhabilis (unmanageable, e. g. of bodies, opp. habilis). — vastus (of living beings and things, e. g. corpore vasto, of clumsy structure, of animate beings). — iners (sluggish, unready, of persons). — rusticus (opp. urbanus, in one's manners). — agrestis (in one's man- ners or motio?is, motus corporis). — inhumanus (im- polite, uncivilized). — Jn. agrestis et inhumanus. — gravis (heavy, e.g. of speech, lingua). — durus (not flow- ing, e. g. of expression, verse, 8fc). — informis (ill- shaped). — rudis (rough, uncouth). — incompositus (not properly arranged). — Jn. rudis atque incompositus j (e. g. of style, #c). — inurbanus (unmannerly). A c. I fellow, homo agrestis. homo vultu motuque corporis I vastus atque agrestis (of external behaviour). — homo inurbanus, rusticus (ill-bred, unmannerly). To have a c. gait or carriage, corporis motu esse agrestem.— illi- beralis (incongruous ivith the manners of a well-bred man). C. manners, mores rustici. rusticitas. — impo- litus (not properly wrought or polished).— tardus et paene immobilis (slow and almost immoveable, e. g. of : an animal). — incultus, uncivilized, morally and phy- \ sically). — intonsus (without all breeding). — Jn. in- tonsus et incultus. — ineruditus (polished neither by \ breeding nor education). — imperitus (without practical ! experience). — inconditus (not properly composed or ! arranged, as poems, words, verses, fyc). — crassus (in \ opp. to whatever is refined, polished, delicate, fyc). — inelegans (esply of style in speaking). — laevus (awk- I ward). — illepidus (not mannerly). Rather c, subrusti- i cus. subagrestis. CLUSTER, fasciculus (c. of flowers). — uva {of} (124) I grapes, also of bees, see Cluster, v.).— corymbus (of ivy, and other like plants). — racemi (in pi. a c. of grapes, ivy, 8fC ; in the sing, racemus is the branch or stalk to wch the berries are attached). — acervus, cumu- lus (heap). — circulus (c. of men); corona (ring of men about a speaker) ; turba (crowd, throng) ; multitudo in unum conglobata. — examen (of bees). In c.'s, *uvarum modo. catervatiin (in crowds). — acervatim (in heaps, 3,-c). The fruit of others grow in c.'s, alia dependent racemis (Plin.). — 1| Of islands, *insulae complures : if the name of the islands is mentioned, in- sulae only; thus the c. of the Slrophades, Strophades insulae. CLUSTER, v. intr.) prps *uvarum modo crescere (to grow in c.'s). — racemis dependere.— uvas or rac&mos ferre or facere.— 1| Of bees, confluere (V.). To c. on the branches, uvam ramis demittere (t V. Georg. 4, 568) : pedibus per mutua nexis (frondente) ramo pen- dere (t jEn. 7, 67) : on a roof, delubri culmine longa uva considere (Juv. 13, 68). Bees clustering on houses or temples, uva dependens in doroibus templisve (Plin. 11, 16). — 1| Assemble in crowds, see Assemble, intr.)— tr.) See Heap together. CLUSTERLY, *uvae modo. *uvae similis. CLUTCH, || To grasp, manus adhibere ci rei. manus afferre ci rei. — rapere. arripere qd (violently). involare in qd (impr. to fly upon athg for the purpose of taking immediate possession of it, e. g. in alienas possessiones). — prehendere, (to seize upon athg, to hold it). — compere qd (to snatch at athg eagerly). — || To double the fist, pugnum facere ; comprimere in pugnum manus ; digitos comprimere pugnumque facere. See Fist. CLUTCH, s. a taking, seizing, captura. captus. — 1| Claws (pi.), unguis, ungues. — fig.) to get into aby's c.'s, in manus cs venire : to tear athg from aby's c.'s, qd ex manibus or ex faucibus cs eripere. CLUTTER, turba (confusion, combined with bustle or noise). — strepitus (loud noise). — tumultus. tumultu- atio (a confused clamour; then in general the noise caused by a multitude or any single person : the former as state, the latter as act). — Jn. strepitus et tumultus : to make a c, tumultuari. tumultum facere. — quid tu- multuaris, soror, atque insanis ? quid tumultus or turbae fuit (e. g. on the market, apud forum)? CLUTTER, v. strepitum facere or edere. clamare. clamitare. CLYSTER, clyster (in later writers also clysterium, clysmus, or engma, wch are hoivever to be avoided): or pure Lot. lotio (Cels.). A c. of oil, infusio in oleo : to be relieved by a c, clystere purgari : to administer a c, qd clystere injicere or infundere ; qd clystere infun- dere per intestinum ; qd per clysterem immittere; ducere alvum clystere : to administer a c. of sea-water, with oil or nitre, aquam marinam in alvum infundere, adjecto vel oleo vel nitro (Cels.). COACERVATE, v. tr.) coacervare. construere. See Heap, v. COACERVATION, coacervatio. accumulatio. acer- vatio. See Heap, s. COACH, currus (any wheel-carriage to travel in ex- peditiously).— pilentum (with four wheels, high, hanging on springs [pensilis, Serv. V. 2En. 8, 666], with flat top, open on both sides, and painted green, used by matrons in religious processions, fyc, see Serv. fyc). — tensa or thensa (with four wheels, and drawn by four horses, ornamented with ivory and silver, on wch the statues of the gods were carried to the circus, and then placed on their pulvinaria). — cisium (a light tivo- wheeled travelling carriage, with a seat of basket-work ; cabriolet). — rheda (a Gallic word ; a larger four- wheeled c, with sufficient room for several persons and luggage). — epirhedium (a small one-horsed vehicle, with a sort of wooden arch over the horse, to hold up the shaft, see Cramer Schol. Juven. 8, 66). — carrvica (a rheda for persons of rank, richly ornamented, and pro- bably covered). — petoritum or petorrltum (an open four-wheeled Gallic vehicle). A c. and pair, bigae : quadrigae (four-horsed); currus quadrigarum (with the horses all four abreast, not, as in our times, two and two). A c. or vehicle with its horses put to it, vehkulum junctum: to ride in a c, curru vehi; juncto vehiculo vehi ; junctis jumentis vehi : to ride in a four-horsed c, quadrigis or curru quadrigarum vehi : to sit in a c, in vehiculo, curru (&c.) sedere: to drive a c, currum regere ; to some place, currum qo flectere : to upset a c, currum evertere: to stop the c, currum sustinere : by the c, curru ; curru vectus ; in curru (or rheda, &c.) sedens (sitting in the c.) : to keep a c. and horses, currum et equos habere : to have (or go in) one's own c. COA COA tsr carriage, *suo vehiculo (or sua rheda, &c.) uti ; in a hackney-c, •meritorio vehiculo or meritoria rheda uti: a stage-c., vehiculura publicum (i. e. a vehicle coming the nearest to our mail or posting vehicle, used in the times of the Emperors): rheda cursualis (post- chaise, time of the Emp.). See also Carriage, Vehi- cle, Waggon. The body of a c, capsus (Vitr. 10, 9 0^) 2). ^S-T ploxemum was rejected by Q. 1. 5, 8, as a foreign word, used by Catull. only (96, 6): the carriage of a c, rotae et axes (opp. capsus) : the seat of a c, sedile or sella vehiculi or currus (see Sen. Ep. 70, 20. Phcedr. 3, 6, 5): the head of a c, *tegimentum currus : the pole of a c, temo. C.-box, sella prima (see Phcedr. 3, 6, 5). COACH-HORSE, equus rhedarius, carrucarius (aft. Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7, Ulp. Dig. 21, 1, 38), who has mulus rhed. and carr. since the ancients used mules, and not horses, except upon slate occasions, such as religious processions, fyc. — equus vectuarius (any draught horse in general, according to Schneider's conjecture, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 1 5, in wch passage neither vectarius, nor vectorius, can be the right reading). COACH-HOUSE, *receptaculum vehiculorum or curruum. COACH-MAKER, vehicularius, or carpentarius, or rhedarius, or plaustrarius artifex. Syn. in Coach and Carriage. COACHMAN, rhedarius (driver of a rheda, *C Mil. 10, 29).— carrucarius mulio (driver of a carruca, drawn by mules, *Capitol. Maxim. Jun. 4; Syn. of rheda and carr. in Coach). — auriga (dmer of the war-chariot, fyc; poet, moderator equorum). COACTION. See Compulsion. COACTIVE. See Compulsory. COADJUTOR, adjutor (e. g. as teacher). — socius (who partakes or assists in athg). — minister, adminis- ter (who takes a subordinate part in assisting aby). — collega (in an office). — hypodidascalus (usher). — Jn. minister et adjutor ; socius et particeps cs rei ; servus et minister cs rei : — to be aby's c, cs socium esse in re [compare with To Assist].— to appoint a c. to aby, ci dare qm ad rem adjutorem ; qm socium sibi adjungere (for oneself). — To employ a c, qm socium adhibere in re (in any business). — pem. adjutrix. socia. minis- tra. See Syn. above. COAGULATE, intr.) coire (to run together, and thus c). — concrescere (to c. by growing, as it were, together). — congelari. se congelare (by becoming cold; of any liquid). — coagulari (propr. to be made to c. by means of rennet, of milk, fyc. ; then generally of any liquid). — lac gelatum, concretum. — tr. coagulare (by rennet). — congelare (by cold; used also intrans. by Ovid, Ister congelat). COAGULATION, coagulatio. COAL, carbo (g. t.). — *carbo bituminosus (our mineral c). — live c, prima; carbo candens or vivus : dead c, carbo exstinctus, emortuus : to swalloio red-hot c.'s, vivum ignem devorare: the smoke of c, vapor carbonum: as black as c, tarn ater quam carbo est. — piceus (as pilch).— qui multo atrior est, quam ^Egyptius (of persons). — Prov. to carry c.'s to Newcastle, in sil- vam ligna ferre (H. Sat. 1,10, 34). COAL-DUST, pulvis carbonis (t). COAL-HOUSE or HOLE, *cella carbonaria. COAL-MINE or PIT, fodlna (any pit).— (perhaps) *fodina carbonaria. COAL-PAN, foculus (if containing burning coals, foculus fervens). — *olla carbonaria {pot, if for the above purpose). COAL-SCUTTLE or BASKET, «corbis carbonarius. COAL-SHOVEL, batillum. COAL-TRADE, negotiumcarbonarium (Aurel. Vict, de Vir. III. 72 1: to carry on a c.-trad»; negotium carbo- narium exercere ; *carbones vendere or venditare. COAL- VESSEL or BARGE, *navis carbonaria. COAL-WAGGON, plaustrum carbonarium. COALESCE, coalescere, ci rei (propr. to unite by growing together [of things], or to grow into one; hence flg. = to come together, or simply to unite; e. g. ut cum patribus coalescerent plebis animi, L.): in uniuspopuli corpus coalescere (of a nation). — coire (to come or run together) — misceri (to mix with, cf things) ci rei or cum qa. re. — Sts convenire ci rei or cum qa re (to agree with, and so be capable of coalescing),— confundi in unum or in unum corpus confundi (to unite ./irmly, of things). COALITION, coalitus. consociatio. junctio. con- gregatio [sec Syn. in Combine]. — societas (the state of being united). — coitio (a uniting of several persons, inly in a bad sense, e. g. coitionem facere, ft). — coitus (a combining). See also Combination. (125) COARSE, \\ Not fine or tender, crassus (v. pr.). — densus (thick, with parts closely pressed together). — c. flour, *farina crassa : c. bread, panis secundarius or secundus : c. food, victus asper : c. sand, sabulo. sa- burra (as ballast) : a c. toga, toga crassa : c. thread, lilum crassum. — \\ Rough, unpolished,inh\imanus. inurbanus. agrestis. rusticus [Syn. in Boor]. — Jn. ferus agrestisque. A c. joke, jocus illiberalis. — jocus invidiosus (that makes us enemies) : c. manners, mores inculti. rusticitas (coarseness of behaviour) : a c. brute, merum rus. To use c. language agst aby, aspere or contumeliose (the latter in an insulting manner) linvehi in qm; probris et maledictis vexare qm: c.-minded, horridus; horridus et durus : asperi animi (or by the ivords given above, inhumanus, &c, wch relate more to the want of outward polish than to what is really wrong). || Common, ordinary, vulgaris : or by subst. vulgus with gen., 'c. practitioners' (Arbuth.), *vulgus medico- rum (aft. ft vulgus patronorum, &c). — \\Not made neatly or skilfully, non artificiosus. inconditus. infabre factus. inscitus. — ac. overloaded style, opimum quoddam et tamquam adipatae dictionis genus (ft Or. 8).— pingue quiddam sonare. COARSELY, crasse.— \\Rudely, in an unpo- lished manner, inurbane, rustice. vaste (e. g. loqui). inficete. illiberaliter. incomposite.— 1| In an unskil- ful, unfinished manner, inscite. incommode. COARSENESS, \\Opp. fineness, crassitude — ^Roughness of manners, fyc, inhumanitas, inur- banitas. rusticitas. ft of speech, verba rustica (rough, coarse words), maledicta. probra. probra et maledicta (abuse, &c). contumeliae (insulting language), ft of mind, ingenium incultum (want of cultivation) : aspe- ritas animi (savage c): feritas animi. A savage or brutal c. of mind, feritas animi et agrestis immanitas. ft of manners, mores agrestes, or feri. COAST, litus (as the line of c.)— ora (as a more extended space, bordering on the sea). To lie at an- chor off a c, in salo navem tenere in ancoris. g§p° acta ( = \itus) should not be used except with ref. toGreek history, S^c. [according to Bod. ' coast as presenting agreeable views, a pleasant residence,' #c.]. — Towns on the c, urbes maritimae. COAST, v. To c. by a place, oram or locum qm prastervehi (passing by and leaving it) ; oram legere (creeping along by it). See ' sail by,' under Sail. COASTER, qui oram legit, &c. — || Coas ting vessel, navis oraria (Plin.). COASTING, ft vessel, navis or navicula oraria: the master of a c. vessel, magister navis orariee (Plin. Ep. 10, 17, or 26). The c. trade, *commercium maritimum. COAT, s. As the ancients did not wear c.'s, there is no exact term : see Garment. — ' Great-c.,' the nearest words are endromis and gausapum (or gausapa or gau- sape. See Garment). — To turn c, deficere, desciscere a qo. To be a turn-c, defecisse or descivisse a partibus (optimatium, &c. as the case may be). — 1| A waistcoat, prps colobium (a short vest without arms, the form of the tunic at its first introduction. Serv. ad V. JEn. 9, 616). ft of mail, loricasertav-ZV)?.). — loricaconsertahamis (V.). — prov. To cut one's c. according to one's cloth, suo se modulo acpedemetiri. — 1| Covering of the flesh, pellis (bristly; with piii). — vellus (fleecy ; with villi). — the c. of a horse, pellis. His c is harsh and dry, aret pellis (V.) : a harsh, dry c, pellis duraac frigida(Zr.) : to cast its c. (of the serpent), vernationem or senectam exuere. The horse changes his c, equus villos mutat. — 1| ft of certain vegetables (e. g. the onion), cutis (thin covering of soft vegetables, e.g. of berries; of the kernel of a nut). — membrana. tunica (membr. of chest- nuts, walnuts, §c. tunic, of mushrooms, wheat, bark, 8(c). — corium (thick outivard skin, e.g. of grapes). — callus, caftum (of apples, 8fC.).—foUic\ilus(husk of corn; pod). — 1| Layer, of plaster, fyc, stratura (what is spread upon athg; e.g. of manure, of gravel, fyc. Suet. Pallad.). — circumlitio (the laying on of colours, varnish, wax, 8fc. Sen. and Plin.). — corium (thick coating; e.g. of mortar, earth, 8fc. Vitr.). — trullissatio is plastering, or laying on mortar with a trowel. Vitr.— to lay a c. of paint upon athg, ci rei inducere : to give a wall a c. of plaster, tectorium in parietem inducere : he has given athg four c.'s of paint, ci rei quater induxit colorem (Plin): to cover athg with a c. of plaster of Paris, gypso qd Uinere (Plin.). — 1| ft of arms, insigne generis (cf. ft Suit. 31, 88). COAT, v. inducere qd ci rei or super qd ; inducere qd qa. re (e. g. ceram parieti or parietem cera : the roof with gold, aurum tecto : the bricks with leather, coria super lateres) — illinere qd ci rei or qd qa re (e. g. aurum marmori : qd gypso).— circumliuere qd qare(ro COA COF smear over with athg ; e. g. alvos fimo bubulo. Plin.). — trullissare (t. t. for laying on mortar with a trowel. Vitr.).— contegere or integere qdqa re (e. g.luto, Cces.) : to c. a wall with mud, parieti lutum inducere (Fitr.). COAX, mulcere. permulcere qm. — palpare, or ci or qm palpari (propr. to stroke and pat ; e. g. a horse). — blandiri ci (to flatter with soft words). To c. a horse, equum palpari ( Ulp. Dig.): I will c. him, and try if I can by any means, #c.,palpabo, ecquonammodopossim, &c. (C.) : to c. aby by presents, qm munere palpare (Juv.): to c. aby clumsily, ci male palpari (H.). To c. aby out of athg, suis blanditiis qd a qo exprimere (C). COAXING, palpatio (Plaut.).— voces blandae. blan- ditise (soft words), assentationes (see Flattery). — Jn. blanditiae et assentationes. COBALT, *cobaltum (t. t.). COBBLE, sarcire. resarcire (to mend what was torn). ( = to be a cobbler), sutrinam facere. — \\To bungle, qd imperite, infabre, inscienter facere or conficere. COBBLER, sutor veteramentarius (*Suet. Vit. 2).— sutor cerdo (Mart.). See Shoemaker. To be a c, sutrinam facere. A c.'s boy, *sutori operas praebens. A c.'s stall, taberna sutrina. C.'s wax, *pix sutoria. — \\ Bungler, [vid.] homo in arte sua non satis versatus. II As term of contempt for any base mechanic, cerdo (Juv.). COBWEB, texta aranea, pi. ; also aranea, pi. alone (Plin. Phcedr. 2, 8, 23). — textura or tela araneee. — to brush away all the c.'s, omnem aranearum operam perdere ; omnes aranearum telas disjicere : covered with c.'s, araneosus : like a c, similis textis araneis; also araneosus. COCHINEAL, coccum (*coccus cacti. Linn.). COCHLEATED, cochleatus (Pompon, ap. JSfon.). , COCK, \\Male b ird, mas (opp. to femina). — 1| The male of the hen, gallinae maritus ; gallus gallina- oeus, also gallus or gallinaceus alone. A game-c, gal- linaceus pyctes. A young c, pullus gallinaceus. — Tur- key-c, gallus Indicus; meleagris gallopavo (Linn.). — C.'s comb, galli crista; wattles, palea galli.— The crow- ing of a c , galli cantus : c.-crowing, gallicinium (late): about c.-crowing, sub galli cantum. — C.-fight, pugna or certamen gallorum : to set c.'s a-fighting, gallos inter se committere. — C.-spur, calcar galli. Weather-c, *vex- illum flantis venti index (aft. Vitr. 1„6, 4); or gallus seneus flantis venti index. — fig.) leader, head, dux, caput, princeps ; signifer. — 1| To be c.-a-hoop, triumph are or ovare gaudio ; exsultare. laetari. Jn. laetari et triumphare. — \\Of an arrow, crena. — 1| Of a gun, retinaculum (pyritae). — 1| Of a pipe, cask, #c, os; epistomium. — 1| Of hay, meta fceni. — 1| Gnomon of a dial, gnomon (^vdfxtov). — \\Needle of a balance, examen. COCK, v. attollere, erigere : the hat, causiam erigere : the nose, naribus contemptum or fastidium ostendere ; at aby, qm suspendere naso : the ears, aures erigere, arrigere. (aurem substringere, H. is only poet.). — To c. a gun, "retinaculum erigere or ad ictum parare. — To c. hay, foenum in metas exstruere. — intr.) to strut, magnifice incidere. qd sibi esse videri. COCKADE, insigne petasi (publicum); *insigne militare, quod est in petaso (of a soldier). COCKATOO, *psittacus cristatus (Linn.). COCKATRICE, basiliscus. COCK-BOAT, scapha. cymba. linter. [Svn.zmBoat]. COCK-CHAFER, *scarabaeus melolontha (Linn.). COCK-LOFT, ccenaculum superius. — To live in a c, sub tegulis habitare (Suet. Gramm.). — in superiore habitare coenaculo (Plaut. in the upper story, wch, with the ancients, was under the roof). — tribus habitare scalis (up three pair of stairs. Mart, of a poor poet). COCK-SURE (of a person), fidens, confidens ; (a thing), certus. — To be c. (of a person), rem factam statim putare. — The thing is c, res in vado est (is safe). — I am c. of him, eum feci meum. COCKER, alicui indulgere ; indulgentia corrumpere qm : indulgentia tractare qm ; qm mollire, emollire, effeminare. oneself, mollius se habere; nimium sibi parcere, or effeminari, molliri ; emolliri. COCKERING, nimia indulgentia. COCKLE, || F is h, pecten: dim. pectunculus. — || Weed, rhceas, -adis (Linn.). COCKLE, v. rugare. (pallidum rugat, Plaut. Cces. 2, 3, 39). — g||p° Freund makes ruga merely less than sinus : Georges makes ruga elevated, and sinus szmk. COCKNEY, oppidanus, homo delicatus qui in urbe habitat COCK SWAIN, gubernator. rector navis. COCOA, *faba Cacao (the nut).— *potio e Cacaone cocta (cocoa, as beverage). (126) COD or COD-FISH, *gadus morhfia (Linn.). Some think the asellus of the Romans was a cod-fish ; but it was probably a shell-fish. COD, || A husk, pod, siliqua.— valvulus (of legu- minous plants). See Pod. CODE, leges (scriptae).— also prps codex, corpus juris (e. g. the Roman, juris Romani). CODICIL, codicillus, codicilli (as supplement to a will, or an informal testamentary document, in Plin. Ep. and Tac). codicilli testamento confirmati (Ulp. p. 132, Ed. Bonn.). The c. is invalid, is so much waste paper, codicilli pro non scriptis habendi (Plin. Ep. 2, 16, 1). CODLE, \ lento igne coquere (boil over a slow fire). CODDLE, J lento vapore decoquere. leniter deco- quere. lenta. pruna, decoquere (all Plin. — of slowly boiling athg down). — *in olla clausa coquere (stew down). — \\Make effeminate by over indul- gence, qm deliciis solvere (Q): molli educatione ner- vos omnes mentis et corporis frangere (Q.). COEQUAL, aequalis (equal according to inherent quality, also with ref. to age, size, valour, dignity, not to be confounded with aequabilis, e. g. aequabilis in qm. s. T. Ann. 6, 31, in). See Equal. COERCE, coercere. continere. cohibere. frenare. refrenare (to hold in check, all with ace). — inhibere (to stop).— comprimere (to suppress). — reprimere. suppri- mere (to repel). — obviam ire ci rei (to take coercive measures).— juventutem refrenare or coercere : cupidi- tates coercere or continere or comprimere; cupuiita- tibus imperare. — to c. by severe laws, vincire qd severis legibus. — circumscribere {to restrict aby, e. g. in his liberty, manner of life, %-c.).— in angustum deducere (reduce to a narrow compass, e. g. perturbationes. C). — moderari. temperare. modum facere ci rei (to put a limit or bounds to athg). Jn. cohibere et continere. reprimere et coercere.— qm vi cogere (to force to athg, ad qd, with infin. or ut and subj.). See also to Compel. COERCION, coercitio. vis (force), necessitas (c. imposed by necessity) : to do athg fin c, vi coactus qd facio : to use c. with aby, qm vi cogere ; qm per vim adigere : to use c, vim adhibere. without any c, non vi coactus. — the right of c. over aby, coercitio in qm (s. Suet. Oct. 45). — moderatio. temperatio (of things). COERCIVE. C. means or measures, vis (g. t.) ; also coercitio (L. 4, 53, damnum aliamque coercitionem inhibere). — to have recourse to (or use) c. means agst aby, vi grassari in qm (Liv. 3, 44): not in consequence of any c. measures, non vi coactus (incoactus, silv. age), by c. means, per vim ; also vi, as above. COESSENTIAL, consubstantialis (Eccl. Tertull. Aug.).— aequalis. par et aequalis. ex nulla parte dis- similis (Aug.).— The Son is c. with the Father, *eadem Patris et Filii est natura. COETANEOUS, quod uno or uno et eodem tempore est or fit. — eodem tempore (at or about the same time ; when two or several simultaneous events are related in contra-distinction ; e. g. to be c. with aihg, eodem tem- pore, quo aliud, esse or fieri). — simul (at the same period or time, e. g. simul Protogenes floruit). — c. with aby, aequalis ci or cs (i. e. who lives at the same time). — sequalem esse ci {with ref. to age) almost c, aetate proximum esse ci. See ' at the same Time.' COEXISTENT, qd uno (or uno et eodem) tempore est or fit. COFFEE, || The berries, «fabae cofleae (pi.).— \\The drink, *coffea; *potus coffeae: to make c, ♦potum cofleae coquere or parare: to invite aby to take c, «invito qm, ut domi meae cofleam bibat. COFFEE-CUPS, &c. *vasa quae ad cofleam biben- dam pertinent (aft. Col. 12, 3, 3). COFFEE-HOUSE, thermopolium (any place where warm beverage is sold, or may be had). — one who keeps a c.-house, prps thermopola. COFFEE-MILL, prps fistula serrata (see also Hand- mill). COFFEE-POT, prps *hirnea (but never cantharus) coffeae. *hirnula coffeae (of smaller size). COFFEE-TRAY, «tabula, qua circumfertur coflea. COFFEE-TREE, *coffea (Linn.), *coflea Arabica (Linn.). COFFER, riscus (p/cr/coy, of osier covered with skin, Ter. EunA, 6, 16, Ruhnken). — cista (Kt'o-rn, chest or box of any kind, also for travelling: see Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 54, who has cistam cs effringere, break open).—zxc& (for locking up money, fyc). — capsa (for keeping fm injtiry, loss, $c). See Box. — a small c, arcula, capsula. — || Coffers, melon, for treasure (e. g. the king's c.'s), aerarium (privatum, Np. Att.8, 3) : the emperor's, fiscus (opp. aerarium publicum, i. e. the public treasury).—' COF COI gaza (yd£a, propr. of the Persian kings, then the c.'s of any foreign prince, C. Off. 2, 22, 76 : Macedonum gaza. Comp. Curt. 3, 13, 5 : pecunia regia, quam gazam Persae vocant ; and Mel. 1, 11: gaza, sic Persae aerarium vocant. See also Treasure). COFFIN, area (g. t. whether of wood, stone, 8fc.).— sarcophagus (crapKoaju-yof, propr. c. made of the Assian stone, wch came from Assos in TroaJ, wch consumed all the body but the teeth in 40 days. Diet. Antiqq. ; then c. of any other material). — loculus {for an embalmed corpse, or any part of it, s. Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 20, and 7, 16, 16). — capulus (Varr. ap. Xon. — ire ad capulum, Z ucr.). A silver c, loc. argenteus {Just. 39, 1, 6).— to put in a c, area or loculo condere {e. g. in a temple, in templo). COFFIN, v. See To Btjry. COFFIN-BEARER, lecticarius. vespillo. sandapi- larius. [Syn. in Bearer.] COG, \{ Flatter. Vid. — to c. the dice, Crcl. prps. ♦tesseris prave factis ludere or vincere: qm in alea dolo eludere (qm in alea eludere, Plaut.): or nimis lepide jacere bolum {Plaut. of a very clever throw). COG, of awheel, dens {g. t. for any protecting point in the shape of a tooth, e. g. thai of an anchor, a comb, a saw, the colter of a plough). COGENCY, vis {force), vis ad faciendam fidem. — pondus {weight). — momentum {tendency to turn the scale i7i one's favour, poirtj). To have great c, magno ad persuadendum momento esse {De Invent. 26, 77); firmum esse ad probandum : the conflicting reasons are of equal c, contrariarum rationum paria sunt mo- menta: the c. of some arguments consists in their num- ber, quaedam argumenta turba valent (Q.) : there is iitVe c. in such arguments, hujusmodi argumenta nul- lius sunt momenti, or «parum firma sunt ad fidem faciendam or ad persuadendum: these arguments ap- pear to you to be of some c, hsec argumenta 'aliquid apud vestros animos momenti habere videntur ' (C). The more and stronger reasons will have the most c, plures causae et majores ponderis plus habebunt (C): to produce an argument of great c, firmissimum aliquid afferre. This argument for the existence of the gods appears to me to have the greatest c, firmissimum hoc afferri videtur, cur deos esse credamus : it seems to me that there is not much c. in the reason you allege, rationem earn, quae a te affertur, non satis firmamputo (C): an argument of irresistible c, argumentum ne- cessarium (Q.); necessarie demonstrans (C). COGENT, gravis. — firmus or firmus ad probandum : it appears to me that this is a most c. argument, $c, firmissimum hoc afferri videtur : it does not appear to me that the reason given by you is a very c. one, rationem earn, quae a te affertur, non satis firmam puto(C): a very c. argument, argumentum firmissi- mum, potentissimum (Q.): net c, infirmus (Q.). COGENTLY, graviter.— Mly by Crcl., to argue c, firmissimis ad probandum argumentis uti ; firmissi- mum qd afferre: not to argue c, rationes non satis firmas afferre. COGITATE. See Meditate, Think. COGITATION, cogitatio.— «intentio cogitandi {as effort).— 11 Me di tat ion, reflection. See Reflec- tion. COGITATIVE, cogitans. intelligens.— cogitationis particeps {possessing the faculty of c). COGNATE, of kin, cognatus, consanguineus, pro- pinquus, affinis. See Related. COGNATION, cognatio. propinquitas. agnatio, amnitas. See Relationship. COGNITION, cognitio. scientia, with or without rerum; also cognitiones {but never scientiae) rerum.— Jn. cognitio et scientia: c. of athg, scientia or cognitio or prudentia cs rei.— notitia cs rei.— intelligentia cs rei.— Jn. cognitio et intelligentia. notio cs rei {the notion one has of athg, e. g. notitia or notio Dei). — prudentia cs rei {the clear insight into a thing). — expleta rerum eomprehensio {certain c). — memoria praeteri- torum (c. of past events or things) : to have a c. of athg, notitiam cs rei habere or tenere; cs rei scientiam or prudentiam habere; intelligere qd. COGNITIVE, intelligens. The c. faculty, intelli- gentia, intelleetus. COGNIZANCE {as g. t.) s. Knowledge. — || Ju- dicial notice or decision, jurisdictio; juris- dictionis potestas.— to fall under the c. of aby, sub cs jus et jurisdictionem subjunctum esse (C. Agr. 2, 36, in.).— it falls under my c, jurisdictio mea est {Sen. Clem. 1, 1): also hoc meum est; hujus rei potestas penes me est : to commission aby to lake c. of athg, ci cognitionem deferre : to take c. of athg, cognitionem constituere. — quaestionem habere cs rei or de qa" re . quaestioni prseesse {preside at it), [ggsp"* quaestio was often accompanied with torture.'] — cognoscere de qa re: after having taken c. of the matter, *re diligenter cog- nita: this does not fall under my c, hoc non est mei muneris or mei arbitrii : pertinere ad qm, e.g. ad alium judicem {to fall under the c. of another judge). — to come or arrive at the c. of athg, venire in cognitionem; cog- nosci: without c, causa incognita {see Heineccii Antiq. Rom. Synt. 4, 18, 15): a commission appointed to take c. of a matter, *viri {according to the number, duumviri, triumviri, &c.) ad rem judicio suo exigendam missi.— II Badge, signum {g. t.). — insigne {a characteristic mark). See Badge. COGNOMINAL, eodem nomine {g. t. but esply of the same sur- or family-name. C. Verr. 4, 46, 103). — eodem cognomine or {poet, and Post-Aug.) cognominis adj. {of the same family name or title). — cognominatus {synonymous, e. g. cognominata verba. C). COGNOSCIBLE, quod cognosci potest; quod cogni- tionem sui habet ; quod in humanam intelligentiam cadit. COHABIT, || Dwell together, in eadem domo habitare {to live in one house). — contubernales esse {propr. in one tent, then later, in one room). — cum qo habitare. apud qm or in domo cs habitare. — \\Dwell together as husband and wife, cum qa concu- bare, concumbere, cubitare {the last repeatedly). COHABITATION, \\Act of living together, contubernium {propr. in one tent, and prps also in one room). — 11.4s man and wife, concubitus {out of wedlock). COHEIR or COHEIRESS, coheres.— collega (from the context, Hermog. and Paul. Dig. 27, 1, 41, and 42, 46). — to make aby the c.-heir or c. -heiress of , qm coheredem cum qo scribere; qm coheredem ci instituere. COHERE, cohaerere or cohaerescere inter se. — con- nexos et aptos esse inter se. — to c. well, praeclare inter se cohaerere : cohaerere cum qa re or ci rei {with athg) : by athg, contineri qa re ; remcontinetqd. — 1| To agree, facere cum qo. consentire. conspirare. congruere. — with aby, cum qo convenire, concordare. [Stn. in Agree. Vid.] COHERENCE, "1 cohaerentia {as state, e.g. mundi).— COHERENCY, J contextus {connexion as state, e.g. of a discourse, orationis, sermonis ; of matters and words rerum et verborum ; comp. Ernesti lex. techn. Rom. p. 90). — perpetuitas (uninterrupted continuation, e. g. orationis). — the systematic c, continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque videantur {C.N. D. 1, 4, extr.). — there is c. in matters, cohaerere sibi or inter se.— in c, see Co- herent. — to relate athg in (or with) proper c, cuncta, ut acta sunt, ci exponere; ci omnem rem ordine nar- rare. COHERENT, cohaerens. — contextus (connected, opp. diffusus, solutus, e. g. oratio). — continens (hanging together or being connected in one uninterrupted line, denoting the inner or substantial connexion of a dis- course). — perpetuus (in one continuation, opp. to what is given in fragments, e.g. oratio, historia). — not c, incoherent, interruptus. dissipatus (scattered). COHERENTLY (sibi) constanter (consistently), or Crcl. to speak c, *inter se cohaerentia loqui: not to speak c, see Incoherently. COHESION, cohaerentia. conjunctio. colligatio (as act and state) : copulatio ; conglutinatio (as act) : co- agmentatio. See Syn. in To Join. COHESIVE. See Coherent. Also glutinosus. resinaceus. tenax (that has the power of sticking or cohering). COHORT, cohors. The prcetorian c, cohors prae- toria. COIF. See Bonnet, Cap. COIL, glomerare (in the shape of a ball), e. g. lanam glomerare. COIL, glomus, glomus lini. COIN, a) a single piece, numus. b) several pieces, and in opp. to greater c, numuli. c) in gene ral, coined pieces of silver, %c, numi. — ggp° moneta is unclass., so too the Greek numisma (vofxtapa) is not found in the prose of the gold. age. — copper c, aes signatum: silver c, argentum signatum; also argentum only [s. Monet] : good c, numi boni : counterfeit or bad c, numi adulteriui : to issue bad c. (i. e. to be a coiner of bad money), pecunias vitiare (Eutrop. 9, 14); monetam adulterinam exercere (Ulp. Dig. 48, 13, 6, § 1); numos adulterinos percutere (aft. Suet. Ner. 25) : Illyrian c, pecunia Illyriorum signo COI COL signata: heavy c, aes grave: great and small c, numi omnis notae : to pay in the same c, par pari respondere (as well propr. e. g. C. Att. 16, 7, 6, as Jig. or proverb, in a bad sense in Ter. Phorm, 1 , 4, 34) ; par pari referre {not pro pari, see Bentl. Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55), or parem gratiam referre ci (ib. 4, 4, 51 ; both = 'returning like for like,' in good and bad sense) ; paria paribus respon- dere (C. ad Att. 6, 1, 22, with regard to words ; i. e. to reply to the letter of Atticus in the same style): a col- lection of c.'s, *numotheca : one that understands c.'s, (antiquary), *rei numariae peritus: the science or know- ledge of c.'s (numismatics), *numorum doctrina: to lecture on c.'s, *de numis praecipere : assay of a c, spectatio pecuniae (C. Verr. 3, 77, etc.): species of c, genus numorum (ib. 78, 181); also numus only, if in the sense of c, money in general : the same c. (i. e. pieces of the same value; e. g. in paying back money), corpora numorum eadem (Papinian. Dig. 16, 3, 24): to pay in Roman c, ad denarium solvere (C. Q. 4, extr.). COIN, v. propr.) cudere. ferire. percutere ; signare (to put on the stamp or impression). See Mint, v. Toe. asses wch are to be of only the sixth part of their former value, asses sextantario pondere ferire : one who c.'s base money, paracharactes (irapa.xapa.KTr)?, Cod. Theod. 9, 21, 9); falsae monetae reus (ibid, as accused); monetam adulterinam exercere ( Ulp. Dig. 48, 13, 6, § 1): to c. base money, also (aft. Suet. Ner. 25) numos adulterinos percutere. See also Coiner. — forma (publica) per- cutere. forma signare : money coined in the same mould, numi una forma percussi (aft. Sen. Ep. 34, extr.) : silver that has not been coined, argentum non signatum forma, sed rudi pondere {uncoined). — \\Invent, fingere. con- fingere. — comminisci: to c. alhg against aby, affingere ci qd : to c. new words, verba novare. COINAGE or COINING, res numaria (whatever relates to it) : to regulate the c, rem numariam consti- tuere : the standard of c, ratio aeraria: regulation con- cerning the c, lex numaria: right of c, *jus numos cudendi or feriendi or percutiendi. — \\ Money, Vid. Coin. — 1| Invention, fiction, fictio(Q); confictio (C). — \\Act of coining money, cusio monetalis (Cod. Theod.ll,\6,\8).—\\The coined money of a realm (collectively), *numi forma (publica) percussi; or numi only, moneta (Ov. Plin.). — \\ Money coined at the same time (or of the same c.),numiuna forma percussi (aft. Suet. Ep. 34, end). To be of the same c, una forma percussos (-as, -a) esse (Sen. Ep. 34, end, of actions cast in the same mould.) fig.) \\Pur e inven- tion, fictio (Q. 9, 2, 29, fyc.).— confictio (C. Rose. Am. 13, init.). The c. of words, fictio nominum, vocum.— \\ Thing coined, res ficta or commenticia; res ficta et commenticia: commentum. $*j§° Avoid the late word figmentum. COINCIDE, || Meet together in space, convenire in unum locum.— (inter se) congruere (agree). — Jn. convenire in unum locum atque inter se congruere (as C. Rose. 22, 62, quum multae causae convenisse unum in locum atque inter sese congruere videntur). — || Agree together, concinere (cum qo qa re), con- sen tire (prop, and esply of agreement in opinion; but also by a sort of personification, of things: dat. or with cum; also inter se). — congruere (opp. repugnare: with aby, ci or cum qo : also ci rei or cum qa re ; inter se, and absol. : used also of coincidence in point of time). — ' To c. in opinion with aby' is also idem sentire cum qo (not adjicere ci, Gorenz) ; and incidere in qm (e. g. in Diodorum, C ). Not to c. in opinion, discrepare, dissentire, dissidere. His opinion does not c. with the opinions, fyc, sententia non constat cum— sententiis. [See Agree.] To c. with any other event in point of time, eodem tempore quo aliud esse or fieri. — in idem tempus incidere. Events wch c. in point of time, quae uno, or uno et eodem tempore sunt or fiunt. COINCIDENCE, concursio (act of running together, e. g. crebra cone, vocalium ; of accidental events, for- t uitor um ) . — concursus (as state, e. g. calamitatum). — gjpr conventus in this meaning only in Sen. N. Qu. 7, \t, 13, conv. duarum stellarum. — 1| Agreement, con- venientia (cum qa" re). — consensus. — consensio. con- centus. — 1| 'By a lucky c.,' fyc. by Crcl. with peroppor- tune cadit ; percommode accidit. COINCIDENT, continens (ci rei; touching it, so that there is no break between). — \\ In point of time, in idem tempus incidens ; or Crcl. with quod uno, or uno et eodem, tempore est or fit. — \\ Agreeing, con- sentiens. congruens. concors. — consentaneus ci rei ; conjunctus cum qa re (in agreement with its nature). COINER, monetae opifex. monetarius (Post-Aug.). — cusor (Cod. Just. 10,64, 1). — 1| Counterfeiter, para- charactes (napaxapdnTn?, Cod. Theod. 9, 21, 9).— falsae j (128) monetae reus (as accused of the crime, ibid.). To be a c. of base money, monetam adulterinam exercere ( Ulp. ) ; numos adulterinos percutere (aft. Suet. Ner. 25). COISTREL. See Coward. COIT, discus. COITION, coYtus.— inftus.— \\Act of (two bodies, %c.) coming together, concursio. concursus (avoid con- ventus). See Coincidence. COLANDER, colum (g. t. for sieve, #c). To pass athg through a c, percolare; per colum transmittere. COLD, s. frigus (as causing frost, fyc; also fig. as the coldness of indifference, want of sensibility, %c). — algor (us felt; the obsol. algus is the c. itself). — gelu (only in abl. ; the c. wch causes ice, fyc). — 'Ex- treme c' may be transl. by vis frigoris ; vis hiemalis ; frigora, n. pi. (with accessory notion of duration). To be able to endure c, algoris patientem esse : to be unable to endure either extreme heat or extreme c, neque frigora neque aestus tolerare posse: to be stiff or benumbed with c, gelu torpere. Ig^lT frigedo (Varr. up. Non.) is ' the state of a man attacked by c' Bod. — 1| An illness, gravedo (Kopvfa, haec nares claudit, vocem obtundit, tussim siccam movet, &c. Cels.).— destillatio narium, or destillatio only (quum ' tenuis per has [nares] pituita profluit, caput leviter dolet, gravitas ejus sentitur, fre- quentia sternumenta sunt.' Cels.): to cure or get rid of a c, gravedinem removere (C): to doctor or treat a c, gravedini subvenire (C): a troublesome c, gravedo molesta : J have a c, nares gravedine vexantur: to give aby c, gravedinem concitare or afferre : apt to take c, or (of things) apt to give c, gravedinosus. COLD, adj. frlgidus (of a moderate degree of coldness, opp. calidus; also fig. as without fire, inanimate, Sec). — — algens, algidus (t of what is unpleasantly c, in itself, of a c. nature; algens also of what does not keep a man warm, e. g. toga algens). — gelidus (icy c, also fig. in the poets). — egelidus (with the chill taken off; in later writers — 'very cold'). — knguidus, lentus (fig. without fire or animation; less strong than frigidus: e. g. orator nimis lentus in dicendo et paene frigidus. C). — Very c, perfrigidus : c. water, aqua frigida: a c. draught, potus algens. frigida (sc. potio, ' a refreshing draught'). C. cup (of bread, wine, and beer), intrita (panis) e vino or e cerevisia (cf. Plin. 9, 8, 9, Cels. 3, 19). A c. wind, ventus frigidus : c. or very c. weather, tempestas fri- gida, perfrigida: the weather is becoming c, frigus ingruit (but not frigescit tempestas) : it is growing colder, *frigus ingravescit : a c. winter, hiems frigida : a c. shudder shakes my limbs, gelidus horror mihi quatit membra (V.): to bathe in c. water, frigida (sc. aqua) lavari : to drink c. water, frigidam (sc. aquam) bibere : a man of a c. nature, or character, homo frigidus: to do athg in c. blood, consulto et cogitatum facere qd : c. praise, *laus frigida : to give aby c. praise, qm frigide laudare: — to become or grow c, frigescere, refrigescere, refrigerare (propr. and fig. of both men and things) : — to make c, refrigerare (also fig.). To be cold, frigere (to be c, opp. calere).— algere (to feel c, opp. aestuare). COLDISH, frigidulus (V. Catull. propr. and fig.).— frigidiusculus (Gell. only fig.). — subfrigidus (late). COLDLY, frigide (fig. in Hor. also gelide).— lente (sluggishly). COLDNESS, propr.) frigus, algor, gelu [Syn. in Cold, s.]. — impropr.) frigus. c. of mind, frigus. animus frigidus. — pectus lentum (t), lentitudo (phleg- matic indifference of one who sees another wronged, without trying to prevent it). COLE, COLE WORT, brassica. See Cabbage. COLIC, tormina, ^J.— colicus dolor, colon.— dolores alvi. To have the c, ex intestinis laborare ; tormini- bus laborare or affectum esse. Medicine for the c, colice, colicum medicamentum. One who has the c, colicus (the elder Plin., not colica for the disease) : one who is subject to the c, torminosus. COLLAPSE, concidere. corruere. — collabi. — labi (fig. to ivaste away; e. g. of the cheeks. Sen. Hippol. 364). Collapsed cheeks, fluentes buccas ; genae labentes (of a dying person, 8ec). COLLAR, collare (g. /., hence prps may be used for a shirt collar). — maelium or mellum (a dog-c. armed with sharp points. Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15). — armilla (iron ring for a dog's neck; hence canis armillatus, Prop. 4, 8, 24). — monile (neck ornament, mly with gold and precious stones, for women and children). — torques, catella (golden chains for the neck, the former a twisted chain, the latter composed of rings : both given as rewards to brave soldiers). — phalerae {crescents of silver or gold, properly as ornaments of horses, but also of slaves). — columbar (a sort of wooden c, put round the neck of slaves as a punishment). — numelia (a u>ooden machine, COL COL In which the head and feet of slaves or children were fastened as a punishment). — helcium (/. eA/cw, to draw, was a horse-collar. Appul.). To slip the c, *se expe- dire ex armilla, &c. : (fig.) se expedire ex laqueo. || A c. of brawn, prps *cylindrus carnis verrinae, or *caro verrina in cylindri speciem convoluta. COLLAR, v. by g. t. prehendere, or (summa)veste qm prehendere {aft. pallio qm prehendere). — or *collo qm prehendere (by the neck: aft. auricula qm prehen- dere). — || To c. meat, *carnem (verrinam, &c.) in cylindri speciem convolvere. COLLAR-BONE, jugulum. os colli. COLLATE, || Compare, conferre. comparare, &c. ; together, inter se (both used by Ruhnken of collating MSS.). See Compare. — 1| C. aby to a benefice, *bene- ficium (ecclesiasticum) ci tribuere or deferre. COLLATERAL. A c. line (in pedigrees), linea trans- versa [ppp. linea directa : see, under Line, the passage fm Paul. Big. 38, 10, 9]. To stand in a c. line of relationship to a family, *linea transversa contingere qm or cs domura. C. relationship, latus (' cognatio quae ex transverso procedit ad differentiam ejus quee est inter ascendentes et descendentes.' Facciol. sub toe). A c. relation, ex lateribus cognatus ('sunt et ex lateribus cognati ut fratres sororesque.' Paul. Dig. 38, 10, 10). — \ X C oncurr ent, accessory : see Additional.— || Ind irect. Vid. COLLATERALLY, ex lateribus, or *linea trans- versa. COLLATION, collatio (act of conferring ; also act of comparing). — \\ Repast, ccenula (c, a slight, simple dinner).— gustatio (slight repast. Petron. ).— merenda (luncheon, taken between 4 and 5 in the afternoon). COLLATOR, collator (contributor, e.g. to a banquet: and a payer of money to the state: in the sense of ' one who compares.' August.). COLLEAGUE, collega. To be aby's c, collegam ci esse : to appoint a c. to aby, collegam ci dare. COLLECT, || To gather, legere. — colligere (toge- ther). — conferre. comportare (to bring or carry together). — conquirere (to seek and collect fm various places, with accessory notion of zeal). — congerere in unum locum (to one place). — coacervare (in a heap). — to c. treasures, money, fyc, pecuniam or opes undique conquirere (but not pecuniam cogere, wch, in C. Verr. 2, 57, 141, con- veys the meaning of extorting money). — conficere (also of money, fyc, stronger term). — to c. an army or troops, copias or exercitum parare or comparare : to c the troops at one place, copias in unum locum cogere or contrahere. — to c. one's thoughts, cogitationes suas ad unam rem dirigere (aft. C. Acad. 2, 20, 66).— ani- mum cogitationemque colligere: to c. oneself, se or animum colligere; ar.imum recipere. ad se redire: not to be able to c. oneself, sui or mentis or animi non com- potem esse; minus compotem esse sui; mente vix constare; non apud se esse (to be beside oneself); se cohibere (restrain oneself); iram reprimere (repress one's anger).— \\ To c. money (officially), accipere. re- cipere. exigere. See above the meaning of pecuniam cogere (i. e. to extort) : pecunias imperatas exigere (the war tax) : of taxes, fyc. (in general), vectigalia, &c. exi- gere. — Intr.)2o collect, coacervari. augeri. crescere (propr. to be collected in one heap, to increase, grow, the latter e. g. of water). — 1| To come together (of several persons), cogi. se congregare. congregari. con- venire, coire (in a mass), confluere. frequentes conve- nire (in great haste), convolare. — ||To infer or con- clude: see those words. COLLECT, || 0/ money: see Collection.— || Church prayer: see Prayer. COLLECTION, \\ As act, lectio, collectio; conqui- sitio. [Syn. in Collect, v.]— to make or order a c. of money to be made, collationem facere. — \\The result or produce of a c, thesaurus (of objects of art, fyc). — corpus (e. g. of the whole Roman law, omnis juris Romani : of the Holy Scriptures, *corpus librorum sacrorum) : a c. of passages, fyc. (in general), excerpta. conjectanea (of remarks, fyc. Gell. 4, 14, in.).— dicta collectanea (of sentences, Suet. Cces. 56). — a c. of striking passages fm writings, electorum commentarius or commentarii (Plin.Ep. 3,5,17). — 1| Assemb lage, conventus. ccetus,- corona (c. of persons who surround a speaker). See Assembly. — ^Contribution of money, collatio, e. g. to make a c. for the poor, collatione uti ad susti nendam tenuiorum inopiam. COLLECTIVE, ad unum omnes cuncti (opp. di- Bpersi). universi (opp. singuli). COLLECTIVELY, conjunctim. una. COLLECTOR, || One that gathers, qui qd legit, collegit, conquirit. [Syn. in Collect, v.l — M tax- (129) g a th ere r, exactor, exactor vectigalium. coactor (g. t.). — portitor (of harbour duties) : magister scripturae et portus (chief c. of pasture-land taxes and harbour -duties): to be the c. of harbour-duties, in portu operam dare.— qui vectigalia exercent et exigunt (administrators and c.'s of public taxes in general) : to be a c. of taxes, vec- tigalia exigere. — the c. of taxes, fyc, in Gaul, Galliae rationes procurans (PUn. 7, 16, 17): c. of tributes, *tri- butorum administrator: reipublicae rationes procurans. *collegii, quod vectigalibus publicis exigendis insti- tutum est (a director of that department in general). — tribunus aerarii (at Rome, Suet. Cces. 41). COLLEGE, \\An assembly (of persons who follow the same pursuit), collegium, corpus : to form into a c. those who fyc, collegium constituere ex iis, qui &c. (Liv. 5, 50, 4) : to receive aby in a c, qm in collegium legere or cooptare (coopt. if it is the members themselves who elect).— 1| The place, *domus academica, audi- tionibus academicis destinata. — to be at c. (i. e. at a university), *inter academiae cives versari; *in aca- demia studiorum causa, or literarum causa, versari. — to go to c. (i. e. university), in academiam migrare : to belong to a c, inter academiae cives versari, as above. — \\College=large school. Vid. School. COLLEGE-BUILDING, *aedificium academicum. COLLEGE-FRIEND, *quocum in academia con- junctus vixi. COLLEGE-LIFE, *vita academica. COLLEGE-TUTOR, *doctor academicus. COLLEGIAN, *civis academicus.— *academiae civis (as a member).— *in numerum civium academicorum ascriptus. COLLEGIATE, *academicus. — collegiarius (very late, Tertull.). — collegialis (Inscript.). A c. body, col- legium. COLLIER, carbonarius.— gg^~ propr. a man who makes charcoal. COLLIERY. See Coal-mine. COLLIQUATE. See To Melt. COLLISION, collisus (Post-aug.). — concursio (as act). — concursus (as state). — pugna. contentio (hostile c): to be in c, inter se pugnare (of things) ; with athg, pugnare cum re. repugnare ci rei (see C. Off. 3, 7, 34, and 12, 50) : to come into c with aby, estmihi certamen cum qo : with athg. incurrere in qd. offendere ad qd. allidi ad qd (to strike agst in general). COLLOCATE, collocare (to set with choice and in- tention in a particular place), ponere (g. t.). statuere. constituere (in its proper place). See To Place. COLLOP, caruncula (a small piece of flesh. C). — offa. ofella [see Chop, s.]. — \\In burlesque = child, frustum pueri (Plant. Pers. 5, 2, 72). COLLOQUIAL. C. language, sermo communis: also sermo only. COLLOQUY, collocutio (also in pi.), colloquium (a dialogue, as well for the purpose of entertainment as on business. Comp. Manut. C. ad Div. 1, 9, p. 84, ed. Richt.). — to have a c with aby, cum qo colloqui : a secret c, arcano or secreto cum qo colloqui. See Conversation. COLLUDE, colludere cum qo (C. Verr. 2, 24, 58) : secreto in obscuro de re agere cum qo (Cces. B. G. 1, 31). COLLUSION, collusio (C. Verr. 3, 13, 33) ; with aby, cum qo ; with the enemy, clandestina cum hoste collo- quia, n. pi. (C. Cat. Maj. 12, 40): to be in c. with aby, see Collude. See also Cabal. COLLUSIVE, dolosus. COLLUSIVELY, dolose, per dolum. mala fide (e. g. agere).— collusorie (XJIp. Dig. 30, 50, § 2). COLLYRIUM, colljrium (Hor. an eye-salve. Gr. KoWvpiov, dim. fm KoWvpa, a sort of cake, wch it pro- bably resembled in shape). COLOCYNTH, colocynthis, idis (ko\okw9U). COLON, *colon (ku>\ov, as t. t.—prop. a portion or member of a sentence, fyc). COLONEL, dux praefectusque militum. pi. primo- rum ordinum centuriones. tribunus militum (of in- fantry). — praefectus (of cavalry).— praefectus praetorio (time of Emper., c. of the imperial guards). — Lieutenant- c, (prps) legatus : to be c, ordines ducere : the rank of a c, centuriatus : in hopes of being made c, spe ordinis (Cces. B.G.\, S). COLONELCY, centuriatus. COLONIAL, || Relating to a colony, colonicus (e. g. colonicae cohortes, raised or levied fm Roman colonise. Cces.). — \\Brought from a colony (of wares, fyc), ex colonia (or coloniis) advectus, arcessitus. —C. produce, *res or merces ex coloniis advectae or arcessitae: res or merces transmarinae (brought fm across the sea) K COL COL COLONIST. See Colony. COLONIZE. See Colony. COLONNADE, columnarum ordo, series.— porticus {covered). COLONY, \\A number of persons (migrating to a place to cultivate the land, fyc), colonta. coloni. — to send out a c. to a place, coloniam or colon"-? mittere in qm locum : coloniam deducere in qm locum. — deductio coloniarum in qm agrum (the colonization). — 1| The place itself, colonia. — to establish a c, coloniam condere : at some place, coloniam in qoloco constituere, collocare : relating to a c, colonicus. COLOQUINT1DA, colocynthis («cucumis colocyn- this, Linn.). COLORATE. See To Colour. COLOSSAL, colossicus. colosseus (propr.). — vastus, immanis. — Jn. vastus etimmanis : a c. statue, colossus, statua colossica or colossea. signum colossicum. — moles (c. mass, #c, e. g. moles imperii, c. empire). COLOSSUS. See Colossal. COLOUR, H^s property of a body, color (g. t. also of thee, of a discourse). — pigmentum (a c, a paint). — a full, deep or strong c. (laid on equally thick), color satur : a weak or thin c, color dilution a natural c, color nativus or verus : a fresh or healthy c., color validus: vigor (of the body; also used of the bright colour of pearls. Plin.): a person who has afresh c, coloratus: to have got a fresher or healthier c, colora- tiorem factum esse (Col.): to lose one's c, colorem amittere. colorem remittere : what has lost its c, de- color: to take a c, see To Colour, v. intr. — to assume (take) another c. or change its c, colorem alienum acci- pere: to retain its c, or the c. of at/ig stands, *colorem servare or retinere : to have much, or a greal deal of c, in one's face, multo sanguine et rubore ci facies suffusa est: to change c, colorem mutare or immutare; and (poet.) perdere, or color excidit ci, non manet ci (see To Grow Pale, To Blush): not to change c, con- sistere ore (C. ad Qu. Fr. 2, 3, 2): constat ci color et vultus: of rich or variegated c.'s, coloribus variis (cf. V. jEn. 4, 701) ; distinctus vario colore (0.). — coloratus (coloured, g. t., esply of a dark red, e. g. of the Orientals, colorati Seres, O. Am. 1, 14, 6): versicolor: without c, sine colore : variety of c.'s, colorum varietas (cf. C. Fin. 2,3,10).— colores varii (V.JEn. 4,701) : the shading off of c.'s, or passing of one c. into another, colorum commis- surae et transitus (in a painting, Plin. 35, 5,12): of one c, unius colons: unicSlor: of two c.'s, bicolor : of three c.'s, triplice colore : of various c.'s, multis or variis colo- ribus, poet, multicSlor: of the same c, concolor (i. e. of one c. opp. discolor). — ejusdem coloris. eodem colore (of the same c, i. e. wch another thing has) : to lose its c, decolorem fieri (of stuffs): pallor decolorat qd (disco- lours), evanescere; pallidiorem fieri (to fade, ofc.'sand stuffs), colorem mutare (g. tf.f). pallescere. expallescere. — the loss or changing of c. , coloris mutatio. decoloratio: to produce a c, see To Colour : of a light c, colore claro : of a whitish c, colore albido. colore claro splen- dere (Lucr. 5, 1257): a pale or fawn c, leucophaeus (XevKocjxiios, Vitr. and Plin.): of a darkish c, austerus = nigricans: of a reddish c, rubeus. subruber (as blood); subrufus (of chestnut c.) : subrubicundus ; rubicundulus ; ruber subalbicans (of a light-reddish c): to be of a light-reddish c, subrubere : of a brownish, 8fC c, see the adjectives. — of a chestnut c, badius. spadix (of a horse). — \\As giving c, means of colour- ing, pigmentum. color (the latter also impr. with ref. to style). — to take a c, colorem bibere, ducere : to give to athg a c, colorem inducere ci rei : the brightness of c.'s, pigmentorum fios et color (C. Brut. 87, 298, where it is impr. with ref. to style).— to paint a crime in very dark c.'s, crimen atrociter deferre (T. Ann. 13, 19, 4): to give a fair c. to afoul matter, rei deformi dare colo- rem (Q.): honest! praescriptione rem turpem tegere (both = palliate. Vidi). — oil.-c, pigmentum oleatum (any dyeing material or stuff made with oil). — to paint athg with oil-c.'s, *pigmentum oleatum inducere ci rei. — of the c. of oil, colore olei (Plin. 37, 5, 20). — colore oleagino (Veget. 3, 17, 1): water-c.'s, *pigmentum aqua dilutum. A box of water-c.'s, loculata arcula, ubi diversi sunt colores (cf. Varr.R. R. 2, 17, 4): \tjKv0o<; (aft. C.Alt. 1, H, 3, a pot containing c.'s: compare Passow's Handw. s. v.): c.-man, pigmentarius. — || Co mp I ex ion: a fine c, color suavis ; coloris suavitas : agood c, coloris bonitas : a very goodc, color egregius : a deadly pale c, color exsanguis. See also Colour under the first head.— || Pretext, species, imago, simulacrum, sts color (Q.): under the c. of, specie, in speciem (opp. reapse) ; verbo. verbo et simulatione, opp. revera, re ipsa, nomine (in order to palliate) : per simulationem (sub prsetextu or sub obtentu, not to be recommended). See Pretext. — || Character (as in a man's true c.'s), mores, indoles, indoles animiingeniique (£.10,17); natura et mores, mores naturaque. *pecu- liaris forma atque indoles (the peculiarities of an object, peculiar features or c.'s). — to paint aby in his true c.'s, cs naturam certis describere signis. prps *cs vivam or vividam imaginem exprimere : cs vitia (or vitia et virtutes, as the case may be) deformare (Rutil. Lup.): imaginem consuetudinis atque vitae cs exprimere. COLOURS (military), signum militare ; fm the context signum only (any military standard, consisting of a lance to wch any image was affixed, e. g. an eagle, although that is sts particularly mentioned as being the principal standard of the legions, besides the signa mil. Cces. B. C. 3, 99).— vexillum (a lance with a piece of some coloured stuff, e. g. red for the legions, in wch, at a later period, the name of the Emperor teas wrought, Suet. Vesp. 6. The signa and vexilla were used in greater and smaller divisions of the army; vex. esply is found with the Triarii, the allies, the cavalry, fyc). — to display the c, signum or vexillum proponere ; vexil- lum tollere : to lower the c. vexillum submittere, before aby ci (Stat. Silv. 4, 2, 43) : to swear fidelity to aby's c, sacramentum or Sacramento dicere ci. sacramen- tum dicere apud qm (propr.): to follow the c, signa sequi : to follow aby's c, castra cs sequi ; in cs castra se eonficere: to desert the c, signa militariarelinquere; a signis discedere. signa deserere. desertis signis ad hostem transire. ad hostem transfugere or perfugere. (impropr.) fidem movere. a qo deficere ; qm deserere. ad adversarios transire. in partes cs transgredi. defi- cere ad qm : to be true to one's c, to stick to one's c, fidem servare (impr.). COLOUR, v. tr.) tingere, with athg, qa. re (by dip- ping the stuff into a dye). — inficere, with athg, qa re (to do over, to c. with something wch does not destroy, but changes, the natural quality of the thing). — imbuere qa re (to saturate with athg). — colorare qd. inducere colorem ci rei (to give a c. to athg). — fucare (mly fig. of colouring with a deceptive dye). — S§^|p" When 'to colour ' is taken in the sense of ' producing a colour,' tingere is used with the ace. of the c, e. g. caeruleum tingere, to c. athg water-blue : to c. purple, pur- puram tingere. See also To Dye. — to c. blue, caeru- leum efficere colorem: to c. athg red, rufare (of a yel- lowish red, e. g. the hair, capillum); miniare (of a cin- nabar-c); fucare (of purple), cocco tingere (scarlet): e nigro rutilum capillum reddere, to c. dark hair red: to c. athg sky-blue, colore cseruleo tingere (the thing so coloured is caeruleatus). See To Stain, fig.) || To palliate, make plausible, rem colorare nomine qo (by a pretext, Val. Max. 8, 2, 2). rem involucris tegere et quasi velis obtendere; also velare rem only : to c. athg with any excuse, praetendere qd ci rei; rem tegere or occultare qa re ; rem excusatione cs rei tegere (by excuses: see C. Lcel. 12, 43); rem in cs rei simulationem conferre (under a pretext: see Cces. B. C. 1, 40): to endeavour to c. athg with some pretext, vela- mentum ci rei quaerere (Sen. de vit. beat. 12); rei deformi dare colorem (Cces. B. C. 3, 32. Q. 3, 8, 44) : to endeavour to c. one's guilt with fine words, splendida verba praetendere culpae suae (O. Rem. 240). honestii praescriptione rem turpem tegere. vitia sua fucare, colorare. Coloured, coloratus (with a fair c.).— fucatus (with a deceptive dye), intr.) to c. at athg, rubescere. —(for shame) erubescere; pudore or rubore suflundi ; rubor mihi suffunditur or offunditur. I c. at or on account of athg (blush), rubere (C. Verr. 2, 76, extr.) : to c. at one's own praises, pudore affici ex sua laude. COLOURABLE. Vid. Specious, Plausible. COLOURING, colores. *colorum ratio, tinctus. infectus. — tinctura (manner in wch athg is coloured). — *pigmentorum (colorum) ratio (the art of laying on colours), colorum commissure et transitus (the blend- ing of the colours in a painting, Plin. 35, 5, 12). — a fine or bright c, nitor: a good c, colores boni. — ■ ^Embellishment (in rhetoric), cultus. ornatus. — dicendi or orationis cultus or ornatus. dicendi or orationis or verborum lumina (any conspicuous rhe- torical embellishment or c). quasi verborum senten- tiarumque insignia (with ref. to expression and thought) : fucus, pigmenta orationis (of ambitious ornaments used with bad taste). — to give a narrative a pleasant c, nar- rationem gratia et venere exornare : too much, nimium depingereqd. — 1| Plausible character [see Colour = pretext]. — to give one's faults a false colour, vitia sua fucare, colorare. COLOURIST, pingendi artifex. COLOURMAN, pigmentarius. COL COM COLT, pullus equi ; pullus equinus. *pullus equinus masculus (the male), poledrus (Latin of the middle age).— equuleus. equulus (g. t. for young horse: the latter, Varr.). An ass's c, pullus asininus. — asellus (a small or young ass). — fig.) || A rash young per- son, inconsultus. inconsideratus. temerarius. Jn. in- consultus et temerarius. temerarius atque inconsi- deratus. COLTSFOOT, tussilago. COLT'S-TOOTH, dens pullinus. Prov. To have cast one's c.-t., voluptates temperantia sua frenasse ac domuisse (L. 30, 14). COLTER, dens or culter aratri (ore the nature of it and the plough in general, see Voss V. Georg. 1, 170). COLUMBARY, columbarium, columbarii cella (g. t. s. Varr. 3, 7, 4. Pallad. 1, 24 in. and 25 ire.).— turris. turricula {if placed on a column in the court, fyc). COLUMN, columna. — signum. statua (if erected in honour of aby). A small c, columella : a colossal stone c, moles lapidea: the shaft of a c, scapus : the neck of a c, hypotrachelium (viroTpaxriKiov) '■ the capital, capi- tulum : the foot of a c, spira (of the columna ; the lower part of it was plinthus, n\i\>0os) : basis (jBdai^, of the statua; see above for diff. between col. and stat.) : the pedestal, stylobates (arvXo^drri?) : the order of c.'s, genus columnarum : the Doric order, columnar Do- ricse ; Doricum genus columnarum : the arrangement of c.'s, *columnarum dispositio : the interval between c.'s, intercolumnium : a tax on c.'s, columnarium (Cess. B. C 3, 32) : the supporting by c.'s, columnatio (late). Supported by c.'s, columnatus (Varr.). — 1| (A military) c, pars exercitus.— agmen (when on the march). In two, three, $c. c.'s, bipartito, tripartito (e. g. to attack, signa inferre) : to march up in three c.'s, tripartito agmine, or diviso in tres partes exercitu, incedere : to approach in three c.'s, triplici acie in- structs venire : to march in three c.'s, triplici acie in- struct;* proficisci : by c.'s, exercitu in partes diviso (e. g. to march up, incedere).— 1| Of a book, pagina. COMB, pecten. A dressing c, pecten rarioribus radiis : a small-tooth c, pecten densioribus radiis ; pecten densus (t).— gg§T *pecten crinalis (for comb- ing ; but for keeping up the hair, and as ornament, the Roman ladies made use of the acus discriminalis, see Bbtliger's Sabina, i. p. 147). The tooth of a c, radius pectinis. — a c. for wool, carmen ; pecten : for flax, hami ferrei, quibus linum pectitur (Plin. 19, 1, 3). A curry-c, strigilis : a horse-c, scopulae setosae equis co- mendis: c. of a cock, crista; juba.— 1| In the shape of a c, *pectini similis : as adv. pectinatim. COMB (a place surrounded on all sides by mountains, in wch several valleys meet), convallis. COMB, v. pectere (g. t.). pectere capillos or comas (but not comere cap. or com. ; i. e. to dress the hair). To c. the hair back fm the forehead (a la Chinoise), capillos a fronte contra naturam retroagere : to c. wool, carminare : to c. flax, hamis ferreis linum pectere : to c. a horse, strigili radere, subradere. Combed, to be formed by past part, of the above verbs. COMB-MAKER, pectinarius (Inscript.). COMBAT, pugna. prcelium. acies. [Syn. in Bat- tle.]— ct-rtamen (g. t. for contest; i. e. both the emu- lation and the struggle).— Jn. certamen et pugna.— proelii concursus (Np. Thras. 1, 4), or only concursus; congressus (the coming to close quarters).— proelii dimi- catio (C. Qu. Fr. I, I, 1. § 5), or dimicatio only (c. as a hazardous thing, hence dimicatio = esply struggle with dangers and difficulties).— pi. dimicationes, if continued or repeated (e.g. Cces. B. C. 7, 8, 6, omnium superiorum dimicationum fructum in eo die atque hora con- sistere) : the c. of the boxer or prizefighter, pugilatus : of the wrestler, luctatio ; luctatus (the former as act, the latter as state) : with wild beasts, see Fight : a c. for life, dimicatio adversus qm (e. g. adv. elephantum): a fierce c, prcelium acre: the c. was fierce and long, pugnatum est diu atque acriter : a long and fierce c. takes place, fit prcelium acri certamine : a slight c. is fought, fit or agitur leve proelium [see Skirmish] : to descend to the c, in prcelium ire. in prcelium or aciem prodire. in aciem or certamen descendere (for a single engagement, the last also = to engage in a c. or fight in general) : to lead 100,000 infantry to the c. (or battle), in aciem centum millia peditum producere: to begin the c, pugnam or certamen or proelium inire (g. It. to engage, of either party, taken singly); prcelium com- mittere manum (only in L., pugnam or prcelium) con- serere (of the general as well as the soldiers); inter se concurrere. acie concurrere (to come together, of both parties) ; primus prcelium committit qs (of any division of the ship, #c, wch attacks first; see Hirt. B. Alex. (131) 25) : to renew the c, in pugnam redire ; certamen or pugnam repetere (after a longer or shorter interrup- tion, see Justin 1, 6, 10. L. 10, 36); pugnam novam integrare; prcelium redintegrare or renovare (to re- new, begin fm the commencement ; i. e. mly with fresh troops, see L. 7, 7 ; 1, 12 ; 2, 47. Cces. B. C. 3, 20) ; pugnam iterare (to fight a second battle; e.g. on the following day, as L. 6, 32). To continue the c, pug- nam excipere (of fresh troops, L. 38, 22, in.): the re- ward of the c, certaminis praemium : fit for the c, ad pugnandum or ad dimiuandum firmus (Cces. B. G. 7, 60, of troops) : ready for the c, ad pugnam paratus ; manu promptus : after finding them all eager for the c, postquam omnium animos alacres videt. COMBAT, v. pugnare ; certare ; concertare ; con- tendere (e. g. armis, prcelio, acie) ; decernere (mly with armis, ferro, prcelio, or acie). — dimicare (e. g. prcelio, acie) ; depugnare, decertare, digladiari (fight a deadly fight with weapons) ; all with cum qo, inter se (with another, among themselves) ; prceiiari, prcelium or pug- nam facere or edere: prceiiari also fig. with words; aby, cum qo.— confligere (armis, manu, prcelio) ; aby, cum qo.— conflictari ; aby, cum qo (e. g. cum adversa for- tuna). — See more under Fight. — with words, certare, concertare, contendere (verbis). To c. fortune, cum adversa fortuna conflictari. To c. bravely, fortiter dimicare; fortiter resistere. To c. a thing (with words), pugnare contra qd; qd oppugnare, impugn are : one's opinion, cs opinioni repugnare ; sententiam cs impug- nare : all things, contra omnia disserere. COMBATANT, pugnator. — miles, armatus (any armed man). — gladiator (in the circus, fyc.).— luctator (wrestler). — pugil (pugilist). — venator (that fights in the circus with wild beasts). COMBINATION, junetio. conjunctio. congregatio. consociatio. colligatio. vinculum (the means). — copu- latio (a tying together) : to enter into c, se conjungere ; conjungi; jungi; consociari: into an intimate c, arete conjungi : to bring into c, see Combine : to stand in c, conjunctum esse (of things) cum qa re ; pertinere ad qd. A mark or sign of c, *copulandi signum: the c. of words (with regard to style), compositio. mixtio. per- mixtio : a c. of accidents, concursus calamitatum. — contextus (c. as state; e. g. of speech, orationis, ser- monis ; of things and words, rerum et verborum ; comp. Em. Lex. techn. Rom. p. 90) : a systematical c, conti- nuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque videantur (C. N. D. 1, 4, extr.). A c. of the noblest efforts, concursus honestissi- morum studiorum. — 1| Association, societas. con- junctio et societas. commercium (c. in gen. propr. and impropr.). societas conjunctionis humanae. convictus humanus et societas ; *occultae sodalitates juvenum (secret c. among young people, see Society). — c. agst aby, see Conspiracy. COMBINE, jungere. conjungere (g. tt. for to join together: conj., esply for any purpose); with athg, ci rei or (cum) qa re; with aby, cum qo. — congregare (to unite two or several persons into a flock as it were; with aby, cum qo). — copulare (c. firmly, or to cause two or several objects to be firmly combined; e.g. by means of a tie, a rope, 8fc. : fig. with aby or athg, cum qa re or qo). — miscere ci rei or cum qa re (by mixing). — adjungere ad qd (by adding to alhg). — devincire (to c. indissolubly, fig).— comparare (to c. several things in the same pro- portion to constitute one couple). — conglutinare (by gluing together). — colligare (by tying). To be well c.'d, praeclare inter se cohaerere : with athg, cohaerere cum qa re or ci rei : to be c.'d by athg, contineri qa re; rem continet qd. — uno vinculo copulare (c. by the same tie, see L. 28, 12, 14): to c. by pouring together, e. g. in unum or unum corpus confundere (of two nations) fig. See also To Mix. To c. men for social life, dissipatos homines ad or in societatem vitae convocare. — con- nectere cum qa re (by a knot, fig. e. g. orientem et occidentem : to c. friendship with pleasure, amicitiam cum voluptate); committere ci rei (e. g. lacum mari) : the town with the continent, urbem continenti: things that are c.'d with each other, res inter se junctae or col- ligatae. — \\ Of military forces, jungere copias. arma conjungere. vires conferre. (of a nation) in unius populi corpus coalesce-e : to c. one's forces with those of aby (e. g. of a general), se conjungere cum copiis C3 (g. t.); arma consociare cum qo (as ally); signa con- ferre ad qm (esply in battle). — 1| To associate one- self with, se jungere or conjungere cum qo. societatem inire or coire or facere cum qo : to be c.'d with aby, societatem habere cum qo : c. by wedlock, matrimonio ci jungi; qm secum conjungere. To c. against aby, s'.e To Conspire. K 2 COM COM COMBING CLOTS [Kraft gives «pallium pulverem crillalem (i. e. powder) a vestitu coercens, not a very happy Crcl.]. COMBUSTIBILITY, *facilitas exardescendl. COMBUSTIBLE, facilis ad exardescendum.— igni concipiendo aptus or idoneus : c. matter, materia facilis ad exardescendum {that easily takes fire); ali- menta ignis {with wch fire is kept up) ; res, quibus ignis excitari potest (g. t. for what is fit to kindle fire with) ; res, quae sunt ad incendia {with wch one puts fire to athg) : *phlogiston (the matter wch was once supposed to be in all c. bodies) : that contains c. matter, quod ignis or flamma consumit. COMBUSTION, || Burning, a) exustio.— crematio (to ashes). — adustio (singeing, scorching). — ustio (of a wound). (3) intr. deflagratio. conflagratio. incendium. — 1| Tumult, tumultus (excited by slaves, peasants, or allies). — motus (g. t. for disturbances in the state). See Commotion. COME, of persons, venire: I am c, veni, adsum. — pervenire (prop, and fig.).— advenixe. accedere (ap- proach) : to c. on foot, pedes venio or advenio ; on horseback, equo vehor or advehor; in a carriage, %c, curru or navi vehor or advehor. To cause aby to c, qm arcessere, accire; qm excire, evocare (the latter on the part of a magistrate, see Bremi Nep. Con. 5, 3) ; to one, qm ad se arcessere ; qm ad se vocare. qm ad se venire jubere (of a thing, e. g. qd arcessere vectura) [see To Send for] : to e. (such or such) a way, qa via proricisci : to c. frequently to a place, ad or in locum ventitare ; locum frequentare or celebrare. To c. often to aby, crebro ad qm venire ; qm frequentare : to c. un- expectedly, supervenire or intervenire ci ; opprimere qm (to c. upon, fall upon and d stroy) : c. here, hue veni ; hue ades : c. to me, propius me hue accede : when they came to speak of the money, ubi ad pecuniae mentionem ventum est : it was by mere accident that I came to speak of them, non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi: how c.'s it that you answer in this manner ? quid tibi in mentem venit ita re- sponded?— 1| Impr.) of things, venire (of tetters, goods, fyc). ferri, adferri, perferri (to be brought). To c. suddenly, ingruere (of disease and calamities) : to c. imperceptibly, obrepere (of time, old age, %c.) : to see athg coming, qd praesagire (e. g. cs rei eventum) : athg does not c. to the right person, in alienum incidere : it comes to (a fight, lawsuit, fyc), res venit ad qd (e. g. ad arma atque pugnam, ad inimicitias, in contentionem). venitur ad qd (e. g. ad causam dicendam) or in qd (e. g. in jus, to a lawsuit) : how comes it that . . . 1 qui factum est, ut &c. 1 unde fit, ut &c. 1 hence it comes that fyc, ita fit, ut &c. ; inde or ex qo evenit, ut &c. ; haec causa est, cur or quod &c; hinc est, quod &c; hinc fit, ut&c: hoc est, quare &c. ex quo fit, ut &c. : and thus it came, that §c, quo factum est. ut &c. ; also (at the beginning of a sentence) by itaque (see interpp. Np. Arist. 1, 1) : they returned whence they came, reversi sunt, unde profecti erant : when he was asked whence (or fm what country) he came, quum interrogaretur, cujatem se esse diceret : where do you c. fm ? unde venis i I don't know how it c.'s, fit nescio quomodo : it has c. to this, or to such a pass, fyc, that §c, res eo deducta est or rem eo adduximus, ut &c— |gg^" Many combina- tions of ' to come,' with nouns, have been left out here, and are to be looked for under the respective articles ; e. g. ' to come into contact,' see Contact, fyc. %c. To c. first, antevenire qm or qd : he came last, ultimus or postremus venit: to c. quickly, advolare. adventare; to aby's assistance, propere subvenire. undique convo- lare (of a multitude flying fm all parts) : to c. between, intervenire (unexpectedly) : supervenire (of persons and things; e. g. of the night, see L. 23, 18, both with dat.): to c. in proper time, in good time, fyc, see Time : to be coming and going, commeare ad qm (to aby), in locum (of place, see Ruhnk. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 35 ; poet, only, meare). — 1| To happen (c. to pass), cadere. accidere (accidentally, mly of unfortunate events ; ace. sts with the addition of casu). — contingere (esply of happy events). — evenire (denoting the effect of a certain cause). — usu venire (of facts wch take place, and wch one witnesses oneself ; not usu evenire, see Gernhard. C. Cat. Maj. 3, 7. Bremi Nep. Hannib. 12, 3).— 1| To become, fieri; evadere [see Become]. — |l a) To come about (= happen, fall out), evenire, fieri, &c. : how c.'s that . . .1 qui fit or factum est, ut &c. — 1| To come again, reverti. To c. again to any place, qo reverti or redire ; qm locum repetere (return where one used to be) ; remigrare (to a place where one lived be- fore ; e.g. Romam), see also Return. — 1| To come after, postvenire (of persons) ; postea accidere (of (1320 things) :~to c. immediately after, insequi. 6ubsequi : to c. after aby or athg (with ref. to order, rank, dignity, or time), succedere ci and ci rei : to c. immediately after aby or athg, excipere qm and qd (seld. without ace, as in Cces. B. G. 2, 7, see Held.) : one misfortune c.'s after another, *malum excipit malum. See also To Follow. — 1| To come along, procedere. progredi. ire. una ire. qm sequi (with aby): c. along! move te ocius (comic)\—\\ To come asunder, discedere (g. t. of things), dilabi (imperceptibly), fatiscere (by getting cracks), dehiscere (to gape open). — 1| To come at (or by = obtain, vid.), compotem fieri cs rei. potiri qa re. adipisci (what one desired), assequi. consequi (for wch one has been striving), nancisci (by accident), im- petrare (to gain by entreaties), obtinere (obtain), au- ferre (carry off as the result of victory, propr. or fig.). Easy to c. at (= attainable), impetrabilis. — 1| To come away, abire (g. t.) a or ex (very seldom with only abl. of place), abscedere a or ex. decedere qo loco, de or ex qo loco (to leave), discedere a qo, loco, a or e loco (c. away fm). divertere a qo (fm aby). To c. away secretly, furtim degredi. clam se subducere. See also under To Go. — 1| To come back, redire (to be on the way back or home), reverti (to turn back), reducem esse (of a happy return fm a distant country, captivity, fyc). recurrere (hastily), revolare (still stronger, to fly back). To order aby to c. back, qm revocare. qm re- petere (urgently).— 1| To come by, see above to come at. — 1| To come before, praevenire. To c. before (i. e. appear before, e.g. the court or judge), in judicium venire (of persons), ad judicem deferri (of things). — 1| To come down, devenire. descendere. corruere (fall down, of houses, fyc). — delabi (glide down). — de- fluere (of rain). — degredi. To c. down to aby's terms, ad conditionem descendere, accedere. — fig.) ' to come down to,' (i. e.) to be handed down to, e. g. haec in tempora or usque ad nostra tempora durare. ad nos- tram memoriam manere (of written and other monu- ments, 8fc, in wch sense aetatem ferre : pervenire ad nos or nostram aetatem are without ancient authority) ; tradi ab antiquis usque ad nostram aetatem (of a custom, manners, %c). — 1| To come forth, provenire (also fig. to grow), evadere ex, &c. emergere ex, inc. (e. g. ex terra, also exire supra terram). enasci (fig. of plants). erumpere. prorumpere (suddenly), also with subito. in publicum prodire (appear in public), in lucem pro- ferri, protrahi. detegi. patefieri (of things brought to light, 8(c). See also Appear. — 1| To come forwabd, a) propr. procedere (g. t.). prodire. apparere. exsia- tere (esply of distinguished men, see C. Mosc. Am. 2, 5 ; Arch. 7, 15; Och. C. Eel. p. 131): openly, procedere in solem ex umbraculis. os suum populo ostendere. — /3) = advance, progredi. proficere. progressus facere (impr. to make progress), procedere (advance). — 1| To come in, a) to enter, intro venire, se inferre. intro ire. inire. c. in with me ! sequere intro me ! c. in ! intro veni or venite ! To c. in hastily, *intro venire propere. *intro se proripere. introgredi : the vessel is c. in, navis appulsa est (not appulit) : to have (or be) c. in, adesse. nancisci locum : the post comes in, "cursor publicus venit : no one is allowed to c. in, nemini aditus patet : not to allow aby to c. in, qm introitu prolnbere. ci introitum praecludere. qm janua prohibere. qm aditu januae arcere. qm excludere. to c. in aby's way (as an impediment), obstare. impedimento esse ci. obsistere ci in via. — /3) to comply, obsequi. conce- dere. See also To Yield.— 7) = to be gained in abundance, contingere (of good things). — suppetere. — 1| to come into, intrare (limen). ingredi. introire. inire (locum), incidere in qd (accidentally), delabi in qd (imperceptibly or gradually), adduci in qd (e. g. danger, $c). To c. into port, in portum venire or pervenire (of ships or persons). — portum capere (with difficulty). Tears c. into aby's eyes, lacrimae ci or cs oculis obortae sunt. To c. into aby's hands, power, fyc, in cs manus or potestatem devenire. incurrere in qd (e. g. troubles, esply by one's own fault), decidere in qd (e. g. in angustias rei familiaris) : to c. into fashion, cs rei mos recipitur. qd in mores recipitur. qd usu reci- pitur. To c. into use, in usum venire, in consuetu- dinem or morem venire, more recipi; ab omnibus recipi (into general use), inveterascere (gradually) : to c. into danger, in periculum or in discrimen venire, incidere; periculum subire (of things): to c. into the world, in vitam edi ; in lucem edi et suscipi; nasci (to be born): toe. first into the world (of twins), primum provenire. — 1| To come in for (a share of athg), parti- cipem esse cs rei (in general), venire in partem cs rei. habere partem in re (the share considered as property). — 1| To come near, a) propr. prope accedere. appro- COM COM pinquare : to c. near aby or athg, (propius) accedere ad with ace. : to c. near {of time), prope adesse. subesse. appetere : the time comes near, when fyc, prope adest quum &c. : prope ad octogesimum annum pervenisse. /3) resemble, prope accedere ad qd; accedere ad similitudinem cs rei : athg does not at all c. near such or such a thing, nullo modo comparari posse cum re. — 1| to come next, see above to come after., or to follow. — jl to come of, a) = to be born of, or descended from, ortum, oriundum esse a qo. originem trahere a qo. originem ducere a or ex qo. — genus ducere a qo. ad qm originem sui referre : to c. of a good family, honesto genere (natum esse) ; honesto loco (ortum esse). to c. of a humble family, humili or obscuro or ignobili loco (natum esse). — /3) = to be the consequence of, fieri or factum est ex qa re. This comes of having too little to do, hoc fit {or factum est) ex nimio otio. Sts by hunc fructum capere or percipere ex qa re, or cs rei, or {the consequence being bad) qd hoc fert incom- modum. — 1| to come off, a) deviate, deflectere. de- gredi. aberrare. discedere a qa re. elabi. evadere. to c. off the right way, de via decedere (impr.). /3) escape {to find oneself at the end of an affair): to c. off without harm, pulchre discedere {Com.): to c. off without much harm, ambustum evadere. semiustum effugere (L. 22, 35 and 42) : to c. off with slight punishment, levi defungi pcena (L. 29, 21): nihil mali nancisci {without any harm, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 10): he shall not c. off in this manner, inultum id numquam a me auferet. haud sic auferet {Com.): to c. off unpunished, impune abire; sine poena demitti : to c. off conqueror, victoriam con- sequi or adipisci. victoriam reportare : to c. off with flying colours, superiorem or victorem discedere. su- perare {also with regard to opinion, fyc, as Cces. B. G. 5, 31). — -y) to fall off, cadere. decidere {g. t.). delabi {by gliding), d) to separate itself from: the bark comes off the tree, cortex ab arbore recedit. to c. off {of hair), defluere. — 1| to come on, a) in space {of persons), succedere qd or ad or sub qd {gradually). accedere ad qd {g. t. to c. on), appropinquare ad qd or ci rei adventare {of the approach of a hostile army). — progredi. progressus facere {make progress), see 'to come forward.' /3) thrive, grow, crescere. — pro- venire {of plants and animals). — 1| to come over, transire (e. g. to a person's side or party, in cs partes transire). transgredi; locum transcendere or superare {to c. over a place, e. g. over a mountain), a cold shudder came over me, horror ingens me perstrinxit. — || to come out, exire {to step out), egredi. progredi {of persons only), to cause aby to c. out, qm evocare (foras): to c. out {of publications), edi (in lucem) ; emitti. foras dari. *prelum reliquisse {of printed works), to c. out {of secrets, fyc), exire in turbam or in vulgus; emanare (in vulgus); Jn. exire atque in vulgus emanare ; efferri (foras, in vulgus) ; effluere et ad aures hominum permanare. to c. out {of teeth), cadere. excldere. decidere {fall out): evelli, extrahi, eximi, excipi {to be pulled out), to c. {— to get) out of a danger, out of the water, #c, (se) emergere. evadere ex &c. to c. out with athg, qd excidit ex ore {of words, 8(c). — 1| to come round, circumagi, &c. a) to become better, in melius mutari. meliore loco esse coepisse, &c. - times will c. round, *laetiora tempora hanc ini- quitatem rerum excipient. /3)\\To change gra- dually, to c. round to a person's opinion, ad cs sen- tentiam adduci, perduci, traduci. — 1| to come short, deficere. / c. short of athg, careo qa re. deficit mihi qd; deficit me qd {to be wanting), see also to Fail and to Lose. — 1| to come to, a) propr. pervenire qo {to a place), qm convenire {to a person): it {or the matter) has come to this, res eo processit, deducta est; eo ventum est (ut &c). matters have c. to a crisis, ad extrema perventum est; res est ad extremum de- ducta casum : to have c. to a {full) persuasion, persua- sissimum habere, plenum persuasionis esse, to c. to the conclusion, concludere : hence one may c. to the conclusion, ex quo effici cogique potest : have I not c. to a right conclusion? satisne hoc conclusum est? to c. to aby's knowledge or ears, palam fieri, a qo audiri ; ad cs aures pervenire. — to c. to, see to c. round. — /?) amount to, efficere; also esse, what does it c. to? qua? summa est? quantum est? it comes to a large sum, Ion gam summam efficere : the gold wch came to one Attic talent, aurum, quod summam Attici talenti explebat. it comes {amounts) to something, cs momenti esse. Vid. Amount, Cost. y)to come to pass, see to Happen. — <5) to c. to oneself, or to one's senses, sui or mentis compotem esse, ad sanitatem redire or Teverti (s. Herz. Cces. B. G. 1, 42). ad se redire. se colligere. animum recipere. he comes to himself, ani- (133) mus redit.— to c. to an end, finem capere or habere, exitum habere ; exstingui. interire. occidere {to die), the matter is not yet c. to an end, res nondum finem invenit : to c. to {a certain state or condition), ad qd pervenire, &c. — to c. to a very great age, ad summam senectutem pervenire. I don't know what it will c. to, quorsum id evadat, nescio. Is it c. to this, that fyc. ? adeone res rediit, ut &c. ? to c. to the throne, summa rerum or regnum ac diadema defertur ci or ad qm. imperium transit ad qm. — to c. to athg, ad qd pervenire ; e. g. to one's property, one's money, to dignities, fyc, ad suum, ad numos, ad honores : aby comes to such or such property, fyc, qd transit or pervenit. to c. to the wrong person, in alienum incidere (e. g. of letters).— to c. to life, nasci; in lucem edi; reviviscere et recreari {to revive, to resume new vital strength) : to c. to light, in lucem proferri. protrahi. detegi. patefieri : not to c. to light, lucem non aspicere. publico carere : to c. to the knowledge of, qd cognoscere or deprehendere ; ad qd pervenire. It comes to nothing, nihil esse, nihil posse, pro nihilo esse, id (qd) nihil est (e. g. quod de pecunia sperem, nihil est, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 4, as to the money, it comes to nothing) : the matter comes to nothing, in qa re nihil est. de hac re nihil est. to c. to hand, qd in manum accipere ; in cs manus venire ; in cs manus incidere {to c. or fall into aby's hands). — to c. to one's ears, e. g. ad cs aures pervenire or permanare ; ad qm perferri or deferri ; exire in tur- bam or in vulgus ; emanare (in vulgus) ; Jn. exire atque in vulgus emanare ; efferre (foras, in vulgus) ; effluere et ad aures hominum permanare {to c. to the ears of the public).— it comes to athg, res venit ad qd {e. g. to a fight, a battle, ad arma atque pugnam); or in quid {e. g. to a lawsuit, in contentionem) ; or venitur ad qd (e. g. ad causam dicendam or in qd, e. g. in jus). — 1| to come together, convenire {g. t.). concurrere. in certamen venire cum qo. obviam fieri ci {acci- dentally), see also to Assemble.— || to come up, see 'to come forth.' /3) to come up to (= equal), aequare. adaequari ci rei or qd {with ace. if=to be equal), aequare qm. aequari or adaequari cum qo {to c. up to aby in beauty, talents, fyc), also non inferiorem esse qo : to c. up to athy, adaequare {with ace. of the thingin wch one equalsaby, and gen. of the person whom one equals) ; also qa. re se adaequare posse ci. qm or qd qa re aequiparare (e. g. in physical strength, beauty, $c, see inter pp. to Np. Them. 6, 1). -y) to come up with (= overtake), in cursu nancisci qm ; assequi; aequare. — 1| to come upon, invadere {of persons and things) ; vim ci inferre (of violence done, robbers, %c). — morbo corripi {of illness). See also to seize, to invade, to attack, to c. upon aby for payment, exkere ; per- sequi pecuniam, &c. {if by legal means). — 1| to come {of future time), futurus {that is going or about to be). — posterus (folloiving with regard to time). — {poet.) ven- turus. veniens. consequens (coming next, subsequent, of time). Jn. consequens ac posterus: generations to c, posted (pi., opp. roajores).— for the time to c, postero tempore. — in posterum. — posthac. — in reliquum tem- pus (for the time that remains): things that are to c, futura, orum, n. res futurse : to foresee what is to c, quod futurum est scire, animo prospicere futura. quae futura sunt prospicere or proviaere. in posterum prospicere. to rejoice in the present moment, without thinking of what is to c, praesentibus frui nee in longius consultare. COME, as adv. of exhortation, age! age dum! age sis ! age vero !— In pi. agite ! agite dum ! COMEDIAN, artifex scenicus (# t.). J§^" comcedus, the singer of the canticum (recitativo, monologue) in comedy, opp. tragcedus (in tragedy), actor comicus, or comicus only (/cwjutKof, Kw/uwdor). Ug^f" They all desig- nate the actor in general who appears in comedy, not the person who acts the low comic parts, who, aft. Petron. 80, 9, can only be called qui parces ridendas agit : all the actors in a comedy, excalceaii (opp. cothurnati, tra- gedians, Sen. Ep. 87). See also Actor. — |) Writer of comedy, *poeta scenicus (g.t.); poeta comicus, or comicus only, esply comici, pi. : like a c, *scenicorum more, comico more, scenicus (g. t., e.g. complodere manus et pectus ferire scenicum est). — 1| Comic ac- tress, artifex scenica, or scenica only (in later times). COMEDY, comcedia. — fabula Atellana (sort of farce amongst the Romans): relating or belonging to c, comi- cus (ku>ju«ko9, opp. tragicus) : in a manner belonging to c, cornice. Comic character {i. e. in comedy), partes ridendae. See also Play. To act a c, see to Act. COMELINESS, decentia. decorum. — decor (external grace). — venustas. — pulchritudo. — forma. — species. — dignitas. See Beauty, Grace. COM COM COMELY, decens (poet, only, and in silv. age). — decorus [of speech and actions only).— pulcher (g. t.). — formosus. speciosus. venustus. See Beautiful, Handsome. In a c. manner, decore. recte. ut decet. eleganter. COM ER, qui (quae) venit : a new c. (i. e. to a country), advena. — alienigena (a stranger, foreigner, opp. indi- gena). — peregrinus (g. t. a stranger, opp. civis). — Jn. peresiri"us atque advena. — novellus. novicius (new in any situation, e.g. novelli Aquileienses = coloni qui nuper Aquilejam deducti erant : novelli servi). COMET, cometes. sidus cometes. stella cometes (K(ap.r]Trii) — or in pure Lat. stella crinita {Suet. Cces. 88). — |§gir One of the three first expressions is generally used, or stella crinita, quam Graeci kco^t^v vocant, or quam cometam vocant (C. N. D. 2, 5, 14. Plin. 2, 25, 22, and even as late as Suet. Claud. 46, and Eutrop. 10, 8 [4]); hence it follows that stella crinita may be looked upon more as an attempt to translate «toyu^-rny, than as a genuine Lat. expression. The c. remained above the horizon for four hours every night, stella cometes quum oriretur et occumberet, quatuor spatium horarum con- sumebat: the c. shone during seventy days, and with such splendour that the whole sky seemed to be on fire, stella cometes septuaginta diebus ita luxit, ut ccelum omne flagrare videretur. COMFIT, condire (fruit, fyc). *saccharum inco- quere ci rei (aft. Plin. 34, 17, 48). *saccharo condire.— the comfiting of fruit, conditus ; conditura (manner of c. ; e. g. olivas conditui legere. Col.). COMFITURES, dulcia, pi., or dulciola, pi. orum (Appul. Met. iv. p. 115, 12). *mercescuppediarum(a/tf. Symm. Ep. 8, 19, where we find forum cup.), bellaria. dulciola (both n. pi., the latter in later writers). — mensa secunda (as constituting a course). $g$T Salgama are fruits preserved in a pickle; e.g. as olives now are. Col. COMFORT, || T o co n s ole, consolari qm (of persons and personified ohjects; e. g. of hope, of a good con- science: consolari qm qd or de qa, re : seld. qd qa re, as magnitudinem doloris brevitate consolatur. C: the simple solari is not found in prose of the gold. age). —solatium ci praebere or afferre (to c, that is, yield or afford c, of things).— ci solatio or solatium esse (to c, i. e. to be a c. to aby, of things) : to go away or depart comforted, sequiore animo discedere : this comforts me, hoc est mihi solatio : to c. oneself, se consolari (on account of athg, de qare). C. yourself, or be comforted, ne teafflictes: es bono animo. — 1| Enliven, refresh, qm reficere, recreare : animum ci facere : animo qm implere. To be comforted, animo relaxari; animi remissionem quaerere \by mental relaxations): to be mentally comforted by athg, qa re recreari (e. g. by a letter, Uteris): to c. aby with food, cibo juvare qm ; by food and dnnk, cibo ac potione firmare qm: to c. one's body (or oneself) with food and sleep, corpus curare (Curt. 3, 8, 22); also se reficere. se recreare. Jn. re- ficere et recreare. recreare et reficere. To be comforted by athg, qa re refici, or se reficere, or vires reficere (bodily, e. g. by food, fyc). Comforting, recreans, refi- ciens : suavis, dulcis. — 1| To gladden, vid. COMFORT, consolatio (the action of comforting). medicina (the means by wch aby is comforted), poet. solamen : c. in pain, solatium doloris : c. in one's suf- ferings, solatium malorum : to impart c. to aby, qm consolari ; on account of athg, de qa re : to give aby much c. (of persons), multa or magna ci solatia dare (C). To afford c, solatium praebere or afferre ; solatio or solatium esse: to admit of some c, afford some o., nonnullam consolationem or aliquid solatii (in se) habere (of things ; to admit of c. or supply it from themselves) : to afford no c, nihil habere consolationis : this is my c, eo solatio utor. To utter words of c, solatia dicere (f. 0). To seek c. fm one only source, omnia in unam consolationem conjicere (C). This is the only c. wch supports me, haec una consolatio me sustentat : to look for c. in philosophy, medicinam petere a philosophic : to need no c , non egere medicina. — voluptas (comfortable sensation). — jucunditas. dul- cedo (agreeableness). — the c.'s of life, commoda vita, commoditas vitae : aby feels a c, voluptas sensibus cs blanditur. Without c-, see Comfortless. COMFORTABLE, || Consoling, consolatorius (e. g. literae). to ' e c. (i. e. in consoling), solatio esse: to be very c, magno solatio esse: it is a very c. thing that ftc, magnum est solatium, with infinit. : to address c. words to aby, qm or animum cs confirmare (verbis); afflictum cs animum confirmare. animum cs demis- sum et oppressum erigere. — || Agreea b le, gratus ; jucundus (cheerful), suavis. dulcis (pleasant).— a c. feeling or sensation, voluptas: I feel (or am)c.,beae (134) mihi est (i. e. I am well off) ; hilaritate delector. hilare vivo (/ am c, i. e. cheerful and happy). — a c. house, domicilium bonum. See also Pleasant. COMFORTABLY, grate, jucunde. suaviter. [Syn. in Comfortable.] See Pleasantly. COMFORTER, consolator ; or Crcl. with verbs under Comfort. A Job's c, qui malo solatio qm consolatur (aft. C. de Am. 104, nos malo solatio, sed non multo tamen, consolamur, quod &c). The Comforter ( = the Holy Spirit), Spiritus Sacer. — Paracletus (EccL). COMFORTLESS.il That admits of no comfort, spe dest i tutus (of persons); desperatus (of things) : aby is c, cs dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest (can- not be comforted). — ^Destitute of all comfort, incommodus. admodum incommodus. iniucundus. *omni vitae commoditate destitutus. COMIC, ) (relating to comedy), see Comedy. — COMICAL, / || Ridiculous, amusing, ridiculus. ridendus (relating to a joke, as Petron. 80, 9) : a c. cir- cumstance, res comica (Hor. A. P. 89); res ridicula: a c. expression, ridiculum dictum, ridiculum. — jocosus (full of jokes). — jocularis. jocularius (calculated to divert others).— ridendus (wch excites laughter). A c. fellow, homo ridiculus (who excites laughter).— $j§£Tjo- culator in C. Att. 4, 16, 3, very unsafe text (s. Orelli on that passage), and so better avoided,— lepidus (pleasant, fm good humour). — facetus (witty). — a comical fellow, lepidum caput (Com.).— a comical narrator, facetus narrator. COMICALLY, cornice, comico more, ridicule, lepide. facete. joculariter. [Syn. in Comic] COMING, ventio (Plant.).— reditio. reditus (return; the former as act, the latter as state).— adventus (ar- rival).— accessus (e. g. ad urbem, to the town, C). The c.-in of a ship, appulsus (with or without litoris). To ex- pect aby's c. with eagerness, cs adventum non medio- criter captare. Sudden c, see Arrival. The c. of a vessel intoport, Crcl. with in portum venire or pervenire. COMING, vid. 'to come (of future things).' COMING-IN (of a ship), appulsus (with or without litoris). — 1| Income, vid. COMMA, comma, atis, n. (ko^ho.), or pure Latin, incisum (as one clause of a period, Gramm. ; new Latin as mark of punctuation). To put a comma after a word, *comma post verbum ponere. COMMAND, v. || To give a command, jubere (g. t. order athg to be done, with the implied notion that the person who commands has, or assumes that he has, a right to do so; followed by infin. act., with ace. if the person commanded is named ; or by infin. pass, if the person is not named, nor plainly alluded to fm the context. If the person, however, is virtually expressed fm the context, the infin. act. is used. It is also, although less freq , followed by ut, if it is used in the sense of im- perare. — jubere ci is never found in the gold. age). — imperare ci qd or ut (to c. in consequence of the power invested in aby ; seld. in the sense of jubere with foil, accus. and infin.). praecipere ci qd or with ut (to c. in consequence of one's authority, prudence, experience, and superior talents). — prasscribere ci qd or with ut (prescribe; both praec. and praescr., of superiors giving rules or directions for conduct to their inferiors). — mandare ci qd or with ut (to charge or commission, the manner of the execution being left to the person commis- sioned).— proounciare (to cause to be proclaimed by a herald, fyc.).— edicere. edictum proponere (with ut, of a magistrate, commanding publicly by a proclamation). — sciscere. sciscere jubereque (with ut, to make a law, regulation, or act ; the proper term to be applied to an act passed by the Roman 'plebs'). — decernere (to pass a resolution, that athg should be done, on the part of the senate, Consul). — sancire. edicto sancire (to c. or forbid under a penalty ' that ' fyc, ut or ne). — 1| To have a right to c, imperandi jus potestatemque habere ; at any place, loco praeesse. To c. an army, exercitui praeesse or praepositum esse ; exercitum du- cere : to c. the other wing, alterum tenere cornu (Np.): to c. the fleet, navibus et classi praeesse or praepositum esse : the cavalry, equitatui praeesse : to c. in a pro- vince, praeesse provincial (5.), or in provincial (C). To have a right to c. aby, imperium in qm or qm sub imperio habere; est mihi imperium in qm. imperitare ci. cs esse imperatorem. imperio regere or imperio tenere qm, qd (to have the chief c. of aby or athg). — dominari, dominationem habere in qm (c. absolutely). praeesse ci or ci rei (to preside) : to c. a toivn, urbem imperio regere : to be commanded by aby, imperio cs teneri. teneri in cs ditione et potestate : not to allow oneself to be commanded, imperium cs detrectare. To have no right to c, nullam potestatem, nullum impe- COM COM rium habere ; nullum est cs in qa re arbitrium : to allow oneself to be commanded by aby, ci or cs imperio parere, obtemperare. I will do what you c. (— bid, wish), faciam quae jubes or praecipis, ut dixisti or dicis ; ut placuerit. — j] To be master of, imperare ci rei. — moderari ci rei, e. g. to c. one's tongue, linguae or orationi : one's pain, grief, dolori imperare. dolorem in potestate tenere : to c. oneself, sibi imperare. animi potentem esse, animum suum comprimere, coercere: one's anger, iram reprimere : not to c. one's anger, ira teneri ; impotenrem esse irae (stronger) : we do not c. our passions (desires), cupiditates dominationem in nos habent : the mind commands the body, animus regit corpus : not to c. our ambition, ambitione teneri : to c. one's passions, cupiditatibus imperare, opp. servire. cupiditates continere, comprimere, coercere, frenare, domare ac frangere. — \\ To overlook, so that it may be seen or annoy ed : a) in a military sense, superare locum, imminere ci loco: the tower commanded the high ground where the spring was, turris superabat fastigium fontis (B. G. 8, 41 ) : the hill com- manded the town, collis imminet urbi. The tower c.'s the city, ex turri tela jaciuntur ad urbem (aft. Cces. B. G. 8, 4). /3) To give a view of, qm locum pro- spicere. The house commands an extensive view of the fields, domus longos agros prospicit (H.) : the country- house commands the lake, villa lacum prospicit (Plin.). COMMAND, s. || Of a superior, jussus. jussum (c. of aby who has or pretends to have a right to do it). — auctoritas (declaration of the will of a superior). — im- perium (c. of a general, a prince). — imperatum (the thing commanded by one who has an imperium). — prae- ceptum (precept, regulation). — mandatum (commission, charge) — edictum (edict, public proclamation). — decre- tum (resolution of the senate, a consul, in the form of a decree). — plebiscitum (resolution of the Roman plebs, opp. populi jussum, i. e. of the whole people, s. Bremi Nep. Arist. 1,4). — rescriptum (c. of a prince, Post-Aug.). — a written c, literas (e. g. Tiberius sent a written c. to the army, Tiberius literas ad exercitum misit) : a secret c, praeceptum arcanum.— at the c. of aby, jussu or aucioritate cs. jubente qo. also jussus a qo ; Sts also a qo only (e. g. he did his duty towards the Athenians, at whose c. he had gone out, Atheniensibus a quibus profectus erat, omcia praestabat, Np. Milt. 2, 3, Ddhne). — without aby's c, injussucs; a qo non jussus. ultro (of one's own accord, opp. cs jussu or jussus); sua sponte (voluntarily): to act without special c, privato, non publico consilio qd facere. — to give the c, vid. to Command : to execute a c, jussum or imperatum facere. mandata efficere, conficere, perflcere, exsequi, persequi : in the exactest manner, mandata exhaurire. imperio cs defungi : to follow, obey a c. ; to act accord- ing to a c, cs pn.3ceptum observare, curare, cs dicto parere. audientem esse dicto or jussis cs. imperio cs obtemperare : without delay, quod qs imperavit, im- pigre facere : zealously, imperata enixe facere : negli- gently or lazily, somniculose imperia persequi : punc- tually, imperata obedienter facere. praeceptum dili- genter curare: to refuse obedience to aby's c.'s; or, not to obey his c.'s, imperium aspernari, contemnere. impe- rium, mandatum negligere. decreto non 6tare : to act against the c, contra edictum facere (it being a pro- clamation): to transgress the c, mandatum excedere, egredi. — \\The power (of commanding aby), imperium (esply in the army).— potestas (the c. given or conferred on aby, thus the legal c): under aby's c, quo duce. cs ductu : to have the c. of an army, a fleet, fyc, exercitui, navibus et classi praeesse or praepositum esse : to have the c. of the other (i. e. the left) wing of the army, alterurn tenere comu (Nep. Pelop. 4, 3): to be under aby's c, cs imperio parere (esply of soldiers) ; ci parere. in potestate or sub imperio cs esse (to be under aby's guidance or power) : to place oneself under the c. of aby, te ad auctoritatem cs conferre. Chief c, summa rerum. summum imperium. summa imperii, or imperium only: s. also Chief-command,— B^IT That imperium does not exclusively refer to military matters, s. Theod. Banfei, in 'John's Jahrbiicher,' 1832. vi. 3, p. 300).— belli imperium. belli summa (of the general). — summa imperii maritimi (of the admiral).— to have the c. of an army, summam imperii tenere, obtinere. summae rei or rerum, summae imperii praeesse, praeesse exercitui. ducere exercitum: to have the chief c. of a fleet, navibus et classi praeesse : toti officio maritimo praepositum cuncta administrare (if the whole administration of naval affairs belongs to the person) : to give to aby the chief c, summam rerum ad qm deferre. summam imperii ci tradere : of an army, a fleet, qm exercitui or classi praeficere : in a war, qm toti bello imperioque (135) praeficere. summam belli ci deferre. summam im- perii bellique administrandi ci permittere. qm bello praeponere: to be under the chief c. of aby, cs imperio parere (g. t.); sub qo militare (of soldiers): to serve under aby's c. (during a war), qo or sub qo imperatere or sub signis cs mereri : to be sent anywhere with the c, qo cum imperio proficisci : to prolong aby's c, imperium prorogare (prolongare not Latin) : to prolong the c. for another year, imperium in annum propagare (hence to continue, e. g. the war, bellum) : to take away the c, adimere ci imperium or abrogare cs imperium (C.) : to lay down the c, imperium deponere: an extraordinary c, imperium extraordinarium (C): to give aby an extraordinary c, dare ci imperium extraordinarium or extra ordinem: to hold the most important c.'s, cepisse et gerere maxima imperia. — 1| The command (of one's passions, $c), continentia; tempeTantm (the moderation in them; comp. C. de Invent. 2, 54, 164): to have a c. (or no c.) over one's passions, desires, over oneself, see to Command. — \\Desire, wish, disposal, jussum. voluntas.— what are your c.'s? quid vis? quid jubes? Tell me in a word, what are thy c.'s? quin tu uno verbo die, quid est, quod me jubes ? I am at your c , exspecto, quid velis: lam in all things at your c, omnibus in rebus me fore in tua potestate, tibi confirmo (C. ad Div. 5, 4, 6, Cortte): my purse is at your c, mea area utere non secus ac tua (Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 8) : my house is always at your c, semper tibi patent fores hae : my home is always at your c, whether I may be in or not, tibi mea domus me praesente, absente patet: to submit entirely to aby's c.'s, se totum fingere ad arbitrium et nutum cs : to do athg at aby's c, ad nutum cs et volun- tatem qd facere: to be at c. (i. e. ready or at hand for use), promptus : money wch is at c, pecunia praesens: to be at c, promptum or paratum esse : to be sufficiently at c, suppetere (of things, s. Mceb. Cces. B. G. 1, 3): to have at c, providisse, paravisse : to keep at c, habere paratum, in expedito, in procinctu : to have money at one's c, pecuniam in numerato or prae manu habere : tears wch aby has at his c, lacrimae confictae doloris. COMMANDED. Crcl. by words and examples in to Command and Command, s. COMMANDER, prfefectus cs and ci. praepositus ci. qui ci praeest or praepositus est (g. t.).— dux (of an army or a division).— dux summus. imperator (c.-in- chief). — belli or exercitus dux, or from the context dux. ductor only (any c. in war ; duct, however not in plain prose), bello praepositus. — c. of the horse, magister equitum (v. pr. in the Roman army): of the fleet, prae- fectus classis : to be c.-in-chief, vid. ' to have the chief Command.' — dux, praefectus classis (admiral) : praetor (c. of troops, not Romans, esply of land-troops, e habet ; ut res fert. \\ Rank, position in society, vitae genus (g. t.).— conditio (with regard to occupation, e. g. infimi generis conditio atque fortuna. C.).— ars (art, profession). — to choose one's c. in life, vitae genus deli- gere or suscipere. || Natural disposition, indoles, natura, naturae habitus (innate capacities). \\ Stipu- lation, conditio. — lex (the prescribed rule or clause contained in a contract). — pactum, conventum (the agreement or compact itself).— conventus, us (duct, ad Her. 2, 13, exlr.).— exceptio (the exception, limitation : the c. of excluding athg). — adjunctio (a restricting clause, C. de Inv.2, 57, 171).— causa (as philos. t. t. the c. as that by ivch athg becomes comprehensible or possible; as Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4 : qui voluptatibus dediti quasi in diem vivunt, vivendi causas quotidie finiunt). — Conditions (=terms): to offer or propose c.'s, conrlitiones ferre, proponere ; leges proponere: to es- tablish, to fix c.'s, cond. statuere, constituere : to pre- scribe c.'s to aby, conditiones ferre, dicere ci ; astringere qm conditionibus : to accept the c.'s, conditiones acci- pere, recipere ; ad conditiones accedere ; ad conditiones venire (to come to terms) or descendere (to submit to them) : not to accept the c.'s, to reject the c.'s, con- ditiones recusare, repudiare, respuere, aspernari, reji- cere : to observe the c.'s, in conditione manere ; con- ditionibus stare ; conventis stare : not to observe the c.'s, conditiones omittere. — on this c, ea conditione; sub ea. conditione ; cum conditione; ea lege ; his con- ditionibus ; his legibus : on c. that 8,-c. (sub) ea con- ditione, ut or ne &c. (ea conditione ne quid postea scriberet, C.J. {On the sub (not C.) see Stiirenburg, i. p. 147.]— cum eo, ut &c. ; ita ut or si ; sic ... . si &c. (only in so far as or if): to make peace on the following c.'s, pacem facere (constituere) his con- ditionibus (legibus): the peace was established on the following c.'s, pax in eas conditiones convenit: that he would not come on any other c, alia ratione se esse non venturum (Cces. B. G. 1, 42, Herz.). CONDITION, v. || To provide with a c, cir- cumscribere. \\To stipulate, pacisci. depacisci. — qd convenit ci cum qo or inter aliquos (to agree with aby about athg or among another) : sibi depacisci (to reserve to oneself , to c. for oneself): sibi excipere (to exempt oneself): stipulari (to cause formally to be promised to oneself). CONDITIONAL, conditionalis (accompanied or clogged bye, legal, t. t. post-Aug.).— conjuncte elatus (asserted hypothetically, opp. simpliciter elatus, catego- rically, C. de Or. 1, 38, 158; only later writers have hypotheticus).— c. necessities, quaedam cum adjunc- tione necessitudines (opp. quaedam simplices et ab- solutae, i. e. without any c. clause, C. Invent. 2, 57, 171) : to receive c. praise, cum exceptione laudari. CONDITIONALLY, cum exceptione. cum adjunc- tione (with a subjoined limitation or restriction, C. Invent. 2, 57,171). — conjuncte (hypothetically, opp. sim- pliciter, categorically, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 158). To be praised c, cum exceptione laudari (C): to affirm athg c, conjuncte qd efferre et adjungere alia. CONDITIONED, affectus (bodily or mentally con- stituted in such or such a manner, e. g. well, bene, probe; badly, male). — constitutus (arranged in such or such a manner, e.g. vjell, bene; badly, male). — compa- ratus (in such or such condition or slate, generally in conjunction, e. g. sic comparatum esse, ut &c). — well (148) c, bene moratus (ivell disposed, mannerly: of persons only). CONDOLE (with aby), casum luctumque cs dolere. cs vicem dolere. coram suum dolorem ci declarare. — Sts miserari. commiserari. — deplorare. deflere. CONDOLENCE, doloris sui coram declaratio (aft. Sulpic. in C. Ep. 4, 5, in.) : a letter of c, literae conso- latoriae. CONDUCE, conferre ad qd. — valere or vim habere ad qd (to have influence upon athg). — prodesse or adjuvare ad qd (to be of use towards effecting a?i object: the latter also with ut). — facere or efficere (to effect; with ut). To c. much, more, to athg, magnum momentum, plus mo- menti afferre : this so far c.'s to it, that fyc, qd hoc momenti facit, ut &c— it c.'s much to his glory, that fyc, magni interest ad laudem, with ace. and inf. CONDUCIVE, utilis (useful ; conducibilis isunknown to good prose). — saluber. salutaris (salutary, the latter also with ad qd). — efficax (efficacious).— commodus. ac- commodates, aptus (convenient, fit). For 'to be c' see Conduce. CONDUCT, ratio (behaviour in general). — mores (manners, outward demeanour). — vita (manner of liv- ing). — *ratio, qua qs utitur adversus qm (c. with regard to others). — modest, composed, moral c, modestia: becoming, gentle c, in intercourse, humanitas : conde- scending c. (esply towards an inferior), comitas : kind c, liberalitas : prepossessing, polite c. towards others, observantia: prudent c, prudentia: proud c, superbia: insolent, haughty c, insolentia: wild, rough c, ferocitas (as characteristic feature):— indecent c, impudentia: illegal c, intemperantia. \\Escort: vid. \\Adminis- tration, ductio. ductus (command). — administratio (administration). — cura (superintendence, management : cs rei).— gubernatio. moderatio (government, the con- ducting of state affairs, rei publicae). — gestio (the manag- ing, e. g. negotii).— curatio. procuratio (management, a taking care of athg). — to commit the c. of athg to aby, ci qd curandum tradere ; curam cs rei ci demandare : under aby's c, qo duce; cs ductu (of an army). — to com- mit the c. of a war to aby, ducem qm creare bello gerendo. || Safe-conduct. Vid. CONDUCT, v. || Lead, ducere.— agere (g. t. to put in motion) — manu ducere (lead by the hand). \\To lead, when the place, whither, through which, fyc, is indicated, ducere. — abducere (to c. away). — deducere (to c down, from a place or away to some place).— educere (to c. out), from a place, land, ex, &c, or to some place, in, &c. (e.g. the troop into the battle). — adducere ad or in (to c. along with oneself to a place; then, in general, to lead, c, convey to someplace). — perducere ad or in (to c. to the place of its destination). — inducere in &c. (to c. into, e. g. troops into battl*).— producere ad or in &c. (to c. forth, io lead out to a place, e. g. cattle otit of the town, jumenta, equos, &c): to c. through a forest, traducere silvam: to c. aby to any person, qm deducere ad qm (for the sake of cultivating his acquaintance, cf. C. Lcel. 1,1); qm perducere ad qm (a prisoner, in order to deliver him up to aby, see Ccbs. B. G. 7, 13); qm in- troduces ad qm (from the ante-chamber, Sfc. into aby's room for audience, see Curt. 6, 7, 17). — to c. aby home, ducere domum (g. t. of a leader or companion). — dedu- cere domum (esply from the forum, on the part of the clients or a multitude) : to c. to prison, to the scaffold, to death, ducere in carcerem (in vincula), ad mortem; in both cases also ducere only (see C. Verr. 2, 12, extr. Suet. Calig. p. 27, in.): to c. into the right path, ducere in viam: again, reducere in viam; erranti ci mon- strare viam 'both proper and fig.). Intr.) a road c.'s to someplace, via fert qo (i. e. leads to any place) : via ducit qo (leads to a place, e.g. safely): my feet c. me involuntarily to your chamber, ad diaetam tuam ipsi me pedes ducunt (Plin. Ep. 7, 5): the roads, the foot- steps c. to a place, itinera, vestigia ferunt qo.-^See Lead. \\To administer, qd administrare, gerere (e.g. war: see War), — qd regere (to direct athg). — — ci rei praeesse (to superintend athg). — qd procu- rare (for another in his absence). — to c. the domestic affairs, domum regere. domesticam agere curam (in general), res domesticas dispensare (with regard to receipts and expenditure) : to c. a government, rem pub- licam administrare ; summas rerum praeesse : to c. aby's cause, causam cs defendere, orare, perorare; cs patronum esse: to c. the affairs of a province, provin- ciam administrare ; provinciae praeesse ; provinciara procurare (in the name of the Roman Emperor). \\To attend, comitari qm or qd. comitem cs esse, comi- tem se ci dare, praebere, adjungere (g. t. to accompany aby).— inter comites cs aspici (to be in aby's retinue). — prosequi qm or qd (to attend or c. solemnly, i. e. home, CON CON on a journey, %c). — deducere (to c. as a demonstration of respect, e.g. a patron by his client, a young Roman by his relations and friends to ike cupitolium, for the sake of relinquishing his tirocinium; a magistrate, when set- ting out for the province; a bride to the house of her con- sort). — to c. aby home, prosequi, deducere qm domum: to be conducted by a crowd, stipari {e.g. by an unusually numerous multitude, non usitata ftvquentia). \\T o at- tend aby as his esc ort, praesidio esse ci. custodies esse ci {for the sake of protection, or as escort) : to cause a person to be conducted to any place under a safe escort, praesidio dato or cum custodibus qm mittere qo. CONDUCTOR, dux {leader).— princeps {who does athg first, and is followed by others); Jn. dux et prin- ceps. — ductor {the experienced leader, general; in a solemn discourse, not in simple prose). — rector, mode- rator, gubernator {the governor, esply of the state, rei- publicae : see To Conduct). — qui praeest ci rei (szipcr- intendent).— ])T'mcej>s cs rei [leader of athg). — auctor (the leader or president). CONDUIT, ductus {a leading, conducting).— tubus (a hollow cylindrical body, also in aqueducts ; and in the latter case usually of wood or clay). — fistula (a narrower tube, esply in aqueducts, through wch the water is propelled by the pressure of the air, or spontaneously by its own pressure : usually of lead). — canalis {any pipe-like spout, gutter, canal). — cuniculus {properly, a mine or a subterraneous passage; hence any tube or pipe, e. g. of an oven, fornacis ; Plin. 9, 38, 62). CONE, (in geometry) conus. The axis of a c, *axis coni. In the form of a c, *cono similis, *conicus (/c&H/iKor) ; conoides (ncovoetd^ ) ; in coni formam re- dactus. — a tower in the form of a c, *turris in coni mo- dum excitata (aft. Curt. 8, 11, 6) : a hill in the form of a c, collis in coni modum erectus (aft. Curt, fyc); collis in modum coni fastigatus (aft. L. 37, 27) : the apex of a c, acumen coni (Lucr. 4, 432). CONIC, \ A c. line, *linea conica. A c. section, CONICAL, J *sectio conica. See Coke. CONFABULATE, fabulari. confabulari. fabulari inter se. sermones ceedere (Xo-yoi/r Kometv, to carry on a cheerful and confidential conversation for amusement rather than instruction, esply in the comic writers). — to chat with aby {secretly), fabulari or confabulari cum qo (cum qo fabulor insusurrans ac praebens invicem aurem, Suet. Cat. 22). — garrire (to chat, gossip). — b!ate- rare {to chat without ceasing, also to say much about trifling matters). — hariolari (to speak incoherently, to talk nonsense). — alucinari (to speak without thought or pre-meditation). — nugari (to talk absurdly or to say ab- surd and ridiculous tilings; all mostly ir. with Accus.). CONFABULATION, sermo. sermones (conversation of two or several persons in general). — fabulae (mere talk, wch is founded on no facts). — ineptiae (absurd, silly talk). confabulatio (the confidential talking or conversation between two or among several persons : the two last ones in later writers only). CONFECT. condire (fruit, 8>c). See Preserve. CONFECTION, dulcia, ium, or dulciola, pi. (Ap- pul. Met. 4, p. 115, 12).— bellaria (sweetmeats); also mensasecunda (dessert). — cuppedia (g. t. for any dainty morsel. Com. and late). CONFECTIONARY, merces cuppediarum (aft. Plin. 6, 28, 32, where we also find merces odorum). CONFECTIONER, prps pis-or dulciarius {in later writers); cuppedinarius or cuppediarius (Comic and in later writers). — c.'s shop, tabema cuppedinaria (aft. Sym. Ep. 8, 19, who has forum cup.). CONFEDERACY, fcedus (a public treaty, confirmed by the authority of the government ; at Rome, by that of the senate and the people). — sponsio (between the chiefs of the hostile armies without being ratified by the senate and people of the belligerent parties; see Liv. 9, 5, in. : non foedere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionemfactaest). To enter into a c. with aby, fcedus cum qo facere, icere, ferire, percutere ; fcedus jungere cum qo ; foe- dere jungi ci ; fcedus inire cum qo : I am in a c. with aby, mihi cum qo fcedus est ictum : to receive aby into a c. qm foederi ascribere : to observe the terms of a c, fcedus servare; foedere stare; in fide manere: not to observe it, fcedus negligere : to break the terms of a c, fcedus violare, rumpere, frangere; Jn. fcedus violare frangereque. CONFEDERATE, see Confederacy. CONFER, intr ) To discourse with, rem con- ferre inter se (to c. with aby about athg).— collbqui qd cum qo, mly coll. de re (see commentators on Nep. Them. 9, 4). — conferre qd. consilia conferre de re. commu- nicare cum qo de re (to communicate athg). — coram con- ferre qd : agere de qa re or with ut (to speak about (140) athg), with aby, cum qo.— loqui cum qo (to talk with a'nj).— colloqui cum qo (to talk with aby, esply to settle athg). — habere sermones de qa re (to discourse about athg). — consiliari; in consilium inire (to take counsel together: the latter of judges). — deliberare or habere deliberationem (to enter into a deliberation). — consu- lere or consultare (to ask aby's advice) — deliberare or consultare cum qo ; qm adhibere in consilium or ad deliberationes : to c. with one another, consilia inter se communicare. Trans.) To contribute, conferre ad qd (to co-operate, i. e. to contribute one's share). — vim habere, valere ad qd (to exercise an influence upon athg). — '] To compare, comparare or conferre inter se. — || To bestow upon, dare, tribuere (to give, to allot). — donare ci qd or qm qa re (to present with ; all of persons only). — afferre (of things only, as C. N. D, 2, 60, 151: quadrupedum celeritas et vis nobis ipsisaffert celeritatem et vim) : to c. a benefit upon aby, benefi- cium in qm conferre : to c. an office upon aby, munus ci deferre, mandare ; assignare ( g§p"° deferre signi- fies ' to c. on aby else what another has hitherto managed or possessed.' — e. g. ad qm summam imperii, to c. upon aby the chief command : regnum ac diadema uni, H. Carm. 2, 2, 22) : to c. advantage or pleasure, utilitatem or voluptatem afferre: to c. a title on aby, titulum imponere ci: to c. a benefit, obligation, favour, S,-c. See those substantives. CONFERENCE, consultatio. deliberate (consulta- tion). — colloquium (conversation, interview) : to hold a c, see To Confer : secret c.'s, consilia arcana: to have or hold private c.'s, secreto colloqui : to attend secret c.'s, consiliis arcanis interesse : to have a c. about athg, rem conferre inter se. — 1| Comparison: Vid. CONFESS, fateri (g. t. and presumes that one is asked). — confiteri. profiteri (conf. to c. what one can- not conceal any longer, e. g. a crime, a fault, fyc. ; prof, to c. of one's own accord, to disclose without fear, fyc, hence freq. combined with prae se ferre. Cf. C. Ccecin. 9, 24: confitetur, atque ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri, sed etiam profiteri videatur. Rab. Perd. 5, 17: fateor, atque etiam profiteor, et prae mefero).— not to c, celare(fo conceal); negare(/o deny); infitias ire. infitiari (to deny a fact) : to c. freely, openly, sincerely, aperte, ingenue, aperte et ingenue confiteri ; libere profiteri : to c. to a priest, 'peceata sua sacerdoti confiteri; *peccatorum suorum confessionem ad sacro- rum interpretem deferre : to c. Christ, *Christum sequi; *doctrinam Christianam profiteri. It is con- fessed, constat; omnes sciunt; nemo ignorat; inter omnes constat. CONFESSEDLY, aperte. Often by Crcl. He is c. a good man, inter omnes eum virum probum esse constat. CONFESSION, confessio. professio (see To Con- fess). To bring aby to a c. of athg, qm adducere ad confessionem cs rei (by persuasion) ; ci exprimere con- fessionem cs rei, or exprimere, ut qs confiteatur qd (by coercive or compulsory means) : to extort a c. fm aby, exprimere or extorquere, ut fateatur, &c. ; cogere, ut confiteatur or ut concedat (to compel aby to confess, whether a matter be such or such; see Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 14, and 1, 8, 15 and 16). \\Confession, in Eccl. sense: ♦confessio peccatorum. 'mysterium sacrum confes- sionis peccatorum (as a holy act). — *ministerium pec- catorum cum Deo conciliandorum (as duty of the priest). To go to c, *obire confessionis mysterium sacrum : to hear c.'s, *confitentibus operam dare : the form of c, ♦confessionis (peccatorum) formula. CONFESSIONAL, *sella audiendis confessionibus. CONFESSOR, *sacerdos a confessionibus; *veniae divinae interpres (the priest, who shrives). Aby's c, •sacerdos qui est ci a confessionibus (Sciopp.). — «arbi- ter conscientiae (Pontan.). — *qui anirnum cs regit et moderatur : to have aby as one's c, *uti qo veniae divinae interprete. — || C. of the Christian faith, *qui Christum sequitur. CONFIDANT, familiaris. intimus (as friend, see Intimate). — consiliorum particeps or socius (as coun- sellor). — conscius (who is privy to athg). He is the c. of the king, rex ei omnia consilia credit : he is my c. in all my plans, conjunctissimus est mecum consiliorum nieorum societate : to become the c. of aby, in familiari- tatem cs venire : to make aby one's c, qm in familiari- tatem recipere ; sibi conjungere qm familiari amicitia . to have aby as a c, qo familiariter or intime uti : to be the c. of'aby, in familiaritate cs versari. CONFIDE, fidere or confidere ci or ci rei or qa re (to place one's confidence in aby or athg). — fretum esse qo or qa re (to trust in, depend upon). — niti qa re (to rely upon).— fiduciam habere cs rei (to have confidence in CON CON athg) : credere, fidem habere or tribuere or adjungere (to put faith in; all four without distinction ; see C. de Divin. 2, 55, 113. 2, 59, 122) : not to c. in aby, ci parum fidere ; ci fidem non habere ; ci parvam fidem habere : not to c. at all in aby, ci diffidere. Confiding in, fretus qa re ; nixus qa, re (trusting in athg, relying on it). — ferox qa re (confiding presumptuously, e. g. ea, parte virium). I| To entrust, credere, concredere. commendare et concredere. — committere. permittere (^~ sectio was a sale by auction of booty or confiscated property. CONFITURE, salgama, pi. (pickles or preserves.) CONFLAGRATION, incendium.— ignis (fire = c). — conflagratio (Sen. conn, atque diluvium), incendium commune (if it rages at many places at the same time, see C. Phil. 10, 10, 21. Liv. 28, 42, 10) : the c. increases, incendium crescit (opp. decrescit) : the c. is extin- guished or put out, incendium restinguitur or exstin- guitur. To be consumed by a c, incendio or flammis conflagrare. See Fire. CONFLICT, v. \\Come into hostile collision, confligere, with or without armis, manu, prcelio (to fight, with ref. to the violence and not the nature of the arms ; of any violent c), with aby, cum qo, or with one another, inter se. — conflictari, with aby, cum qo (to fight about, also fig. to struggle with adversity, cum adversa fortuna). — luctari, with aby, cum qo (as a wrestler, for instance, also fig. e. g. cum fluctibus). — pugnare (to fight: g. t.). — certare. — concertare. con- tendere (mly with addition of armis, prcelio, acie, verbis). — decernere (mly with armis, ferro, prcelio, acie). — dimicare (mly with prcelio, acie). — digladiari (all these verbs also, with aby, cum qo, or with one another, together, inter se). — proeliari. prcelium or pug- nam facere or edere [Syn. in Fight, vid.]. — 1| To be at variance or inconsistent with, ci rei repug- nare or adversari ; cum qa re pugnare or discrepare : — to be conflicting (of words, evidence, 8fc), inter se pug- nare, repugnare, discrepare or dissidere. Conflicting, pugnans, repugnans (of things). CONFLICT, \\Battle, en gag erne nt, pugna. prce- lium. acies. prcelii dimicatio. prcelii concursus or con- gressus only, see Battle. — 1| Act of contending, contest, certatio (contest with aby, as action, as well in general as before a court) — concertatio (of two or several persons, the dispute). — certamen (as thing). — contentio (a dispute carried on with violence). — pugna (with regard to opinions; of literati, C. de Div. 2, 51, in. : hie quanta pugna est doctissimorum hominum). — discrepantia. repugnantia (conflicting nature of opi- nions, 8fc). See Contest, Struggle. CONFLUENCE, confiuens or confluentes («5 the point of union of two rivers, e. g. of the Moselle and the It/tine, Mosae et Rheni. If taking it as the act, it is to be expressed by the particp. confiuens, e. g. 'the c. of the Rhone,' confiuens Rhodanus). — 1| Concourse of people, concursus; concursatio. — ccetus (an assem- bly; see Assembly). — frequentia (a numerous con- course or assembly). — conventus (concourse in con- creto, assembly for any purpose). CONFLUENT, confiuens. CONFORM, oneself; ore. intrans.) cs rationem habere (to c. or regulate one's movements or actions ac- cording to those of another person). — ci or cs voluntati obtemperare or obsequi (to obey a person) ; qm aucto- rem sequi (to follow aby as the leader) ; ad cs volun- (151) CON tatem se conformare ; ad cs arbitrium et nutum se fln- gere (to c. oneself to the will and fancies of others) : to c. oneself entirely to the will $c, totum se fingere et accommodare ad cs arbitrium et nutum ; se totum ad cs nutum et volun tatem convertere : c. oneself to ( — regulate one's conduct by athg), cs rei rationem habere, qd spectare (to take into consideration, to regard).— ci rei obsequi (to regulate one's mode of acting according to athg).— qd sequi (to take athg as a pattern or model) : to c. oneself to the times, or to the circumstances of the times, tempori or temporibus servire or inservire: to c. oneself to time and circumstances, tempori et rebus servire. Trans.) accommodare qd ci rei or ad rem (e. g. orationem ad intelligentiam auditorum accom- modare ; sumptus peregrinationis ad mercedes ; ora- tionem auribus auditorum, ad vulgarem popularemque sensum; suum consilium ad consilium alterius).— diri- gere qd ad rem (to regulate, e. g. to c. one's mode of living to a certain law, vitam ad certam normam : one's opinion to the will of another person, sententiam suam ad voluntatem alterius). CONFORMABLE, consentaneus. — conveniens or congruens (agreeable ; all three ci rei). — accommodatus ad qd (suitable to athg, arranged accordingly). — aptus ci rei or ad qd (fit for athg) ; Jn. aptus consentaneus- que ci rei. To be c. to or with athg, congruere, conve- nire, convenientem, aptum consentaneumque esse ci rei. — $*sf° It may likewise be expressed by esse with Gen. of the quality, e. g. it is c. to Gallic custom that fyc, est hoc Gallicse consuetudinis, ut &c. : he main- tained that it was not c. with the Greek custom, negavit, moris esse Graecorum. Not c. to or with athg, alienum esse re or a re : to be c. with (suitable to) the character one has assumed, and with circumstances, decere. quasi a ptum esse consentaneumque personae et temporibus ($kOSf the latter as definition of the former, C. Or at. 22, 74). CONFORMABLY, convenienter, congruenter ci rei; apte ad qd. — accommodate ; apte ; apte congruen- terque ; congruenter convenienterque : to live c. with nature, congruenter naturae convenienterque vivere. C. with nature, secundum naturam (e. g. vivere) : c. with the laws, secundum leges (i. e. in conformity with, opp. contra leges) : c. with the law, ex lege : c. with circumstances, pro tempore et pro re ; ex re et ex tem- pore. — or Abl. only, if it signifies according to or in conformity with, e. g. instituto suo ; consuetudine Romanorum : or lastly, by ut or uti with a verb, e. g. uti doctus sum. CONFORMATION, conformatio (e. g. of the fea- tures, lineamentorum: of words, verborum or vocum). — figura. species, forma (form); Jn. conformatio et figura (e. g. of the whole face and body, totius oris et corporis). The c. of the body, omnis membrorum et totius corporis figura, or corporis figura only (cor- poris structura is without ancient authority). CONFORMITY, convenientia. consensus, consen- sio. concentus. — similitudo (similitude).— congruentia (so far as the similitude depends upon or rests in the symmetry of the component parts, the latter Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 11). — congruentia morum (c. of manners, cha- racter, Suet. Olh. 2). — in c. with, see Conformably. CONFOUND, \\Mix together in confusion or entanglement, implicare (propr. and fig.). — tur- bare. conturbare. perturbare (to put into disorder, g. t. ; cont. and pert, also = to perplex, to disturb). — miscere. permiscere (fig. to throw into disorder by entangling together). — confundere (to pour together; hence fig. to put into disorder; then to disturb; to per- plex): to c. aby 's project, rationes ci conturbare: to c. every thing, omnia perturbare or miscere. [See Con- fuse.] — 1| To take in a wrong sense, qm alium esse putare (to take aby for aby else).— qd confundere qa re (to c. athg with athg, to mix, e. g. vera falsis). — || To abash, pudorem ci injicere, incutere (t).— rubo- rem ci afferre (to cause to blush, T. Ann. 13, 15, 2). / am confounded, pudor suffunditur mihi ; by athg, pudore afficior qa re: cs mentem animumque per- turbare ; in perturbationem conjicere ; consternare ; percutere (not percellere, see above).— \\ To destroy; to overthrow (plans, fyc), ad vanum, or ad irritum, or ad vanum et irritum redigere (avoid ad nihil redi- gere in this sense).— perimere [See the. examples].— dis- turbare (e. g. nuptias, legem). To c. all a person's plans, disturbare ci omnes rationes : unless some acci- dent or business had confounded his plan, nisi aliqui casus aut occupatio ejus consilium peremisset : all his hopes and plans were confounded by death, omnem spem atque omnia vitae consilia mors pervertit : thus was t/icir whole undertaking confounded, ita frustra id CON CON inceptum iis fuit. To be confounded, irritum fieri ; ad irritum cadere, recidere or venire : to c. one's hopes, Bpem fallere, ludere, or destituere : to see one's hopes confounded, spe excidere ; a spe decidere ; spe dejici : spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur. See Destroy, Overthrow. || To c. in argument, arguments qm vincere. CONFOUNDED, confusus {put into disorder, and then = perplexed).— turbatus. conturbatus. perturba- tus (put into disorder; cont. and pert, also = per- plexed) ; Jn. conturbatus et confusus. commotus. per- motus (violently moved or agitated).— percussus (shaken; not perculsus, tvch means, deeply afflicted or dejected, see Bremi, Suet. Tib 11; Nep. Dion, 5, 2).— perter- ritus (violently terrified). Jn. obstupefactus ac per- territus.— afflictus (deprived of all courage and energy). — attonitus (as if struck by a thunder-bolt). Jn. con- fusus et attonitus. — spe dejectus (having one's hopes utterly destroyed) — fulminatus (as if struck by light- ning, Petron. 80, 7). — exanimatus (entirely beyond one- self, annihilated) : to become c. obstupescere, and the passives of the verbs in To Confound. To be c, stupere ; cs animura stupor tenet : to be very much c. about athg, qa, re exanimatum esse : he was c. to such a degree, as not to be able to utter a single word, torpebat vox spiritusque (L. 2, 25). A c. rascal, homo ex omni parte detestabilis. You c. rascal, O hominem impurum! monstrum hominis ! — \\Abashed, pudore siiffusus. CONFOUNDEDLY, fcede.— nefarie. C. ugly, in- signis ad deformitatem. CONFRATERNITY, collegium, corpus.— sodalitas. sodalitium (if for the real or ostensible purpose of feast- ing together). — hetaeiia. CONFRONT, || To stand opposite to aby or athg, *exad versus qm stare, contra qd esse or positum esse, ex adverso positum esse (g. tt. the former of per- sons, the latter two of things). — |l To place or hold together in order to compare, comparare. con- ferre, contendere, among another, inter se, with athg, ci rei or cum qa re (cont., however, in poets only and with Dal.). To be confronted, in contentionis judicium vocari. — || To place opposite to aby, comparare qm ci (to match with another person : e. g. a prize- fighter ; see Suet. Calig. 35); or committere qm cum qo (T. Germ. 10, 10): to c. a criminal with aby else, componere qm cum qo (T. Ann. 15, 51, 4). CONFRONTATION, compositio, with aby, cum qo (aft. T. Ann. 15, 51, 4). CONFUSE, miscere (to mix), permiscere (together thoroughly), with athg, qd cum qa re, qd qa re or qd ci rei. — commiscere (to mix together), with athg, qd cum qa re or qd ci rei.— confundere, with athg, cum qa re (propr. to pour together; hence, fig. to mingle or con- found, e. g. vera cum falsis). — turbare. conturbare. perturbare (to bring into confusion : g. tt. ; cont. and pert, also = to throw into consternation). To c. a per- son by indefinite answers, qm incertis responsis impli- care : to c. the minds, animos implicare or confundere : to c. the understanding, mentem turbare ; mentem alienare (to render senseless). — 1| Abash, ruborem ci elicere or affrrre. See also To Confound. CONFUSED, turbatus. conturbatus. perturbatus (put or thrown into disorder; cont. and pert, also = confoundid). — confusus (out of order ; then also = confounded) ; Jn. conturbatus et confusus. — incondi- tus (not properly arranged). — impeditus (difficult, not easily to be unravelled, as it were, fyc.).— perplexus (unintelligible, obscure, intricate) : c. raiiks or march, ordines turbati or conturbati or perturbati or confusi : c. flight, fuga effusa : a c. cry, clamor inconditus : a c. speech, oratio confusa ; sermo perplexus : a c. notion, notio complicata : c. in one's head (mind), mente tur- bata: my head is quite c, sum animo conturbato et incerto : to make aby c, cs mentem turbare (of the un- derstanding) ; cs animum confundere (of the mind, the courage, fyc.) ; qm conturbare or perturbare (to confuse aby). To become c , mente turbari (to become c. in one's head) ; memoria. turbari. memoria cs confunditur (aby's recollection becomes c). A c. and intricate affair, res impedita or contorta or difficilis or contorta et dimcilis. — 1| Thrown into confusion, perturba- tus (animo). consternatus (besides oneself, put out of composure). — (animo) confusus (c). commotus. per- motus (agitated). — percussus (shaken). — perterritus (violently frightened). See To Confuse. CONFUSEDLY, confuse, perplexe (e. g. loqui).— perturbate, permiste, obscure (Syn. in Confuse). CONFUSION, perturbatio (disturbance of the order of athg, as act, e. g. of an army, exercitus). — pertur- (152) batio ordinis (disturbance in the succession or order of athg). — implicatio (e. g. rei familiaris, c. in one's ac- counts or circumstances). — mens turbata (c. of the un- derstanding), perturbatio {absolute consternation). — trepidatio (trembling fm fear of an approaching danger, fyc.).— turba (the noise wch proceeds when every thing is in wild c). — tumultus (the impetuous or boisterous c. and noise of an assembly, tumult, commotion). Gene- ral c, omnium rerum perturbatio: a general c. takes place, omnibus locis trepidatur: to cause a general c, omnia miscere et turbare : to put into c, see To Con- fuse: to fall into c, turbari ; conturbari; perturbari. — 1| Blushing: pudor (shame). — rubor (blushing). — verecundia (shame, in a good sense): to my c, *cum magno meo pudore. — dedecus (disgrace): to our c, cum nostra ignominia ; cum nostro dedecore : with much c, cum summo probro; cum probro atque de- decore ; cum ignominia et dedecore. — || Destruc- tion, disturbatio. eversio, see Destruction. — ex- stinctio (fig. extermination). — ruinae.— interitus. Jn. occasus et ruinae. occasus interitusque [See Destruc- tion]. CONFUTATION, responsio (Q. 5, 7, 14).— confuta- tio. refutatio (see To Confute). CONFUTE, refellere (to show by argument, that what has been said, is false; to c. aby's opinion or athg). — redarguere (to convince of falsehood, of persons and things). Jn. refellere et redarguere. — convincere (either to convince a person of his errour, or establish the falsehood of athg triumphantly, e. g. errores).— re- vincere (to prove the contrary of an assertion by an irresistible argument ; of persons and things; compare L. 6, 26, 7 : crimina, r evict a rebus, verbis confutare nihil attinet). — confutare (to make athg fall to the ground, a person or athg, e. g. argumenta Stoicorum : the refutans acts on the defensive in refuting the argu- ments brought agst him; the confutans on the offensive in exposing their worthlcssness arid cutting them up). — refutare (see confutare : not to admit, to push back, re- pulse, as it were, = refute ; often with the addition of oratione, a person or thing ; e. g. the contrary, con- traria : to refute athg more by deeds than by words, qd magis re, quam verbis).— diluere (to weaken the force, or to show the invalidity of athg, e. g. of an accusation, crimen : the arguments or proofs of the opposite party, confirmationem adversariorum). Jn. refutare ac di- luere, or diluere ac refellere.— diluere qd et ialsum esse docere (to make athg fall to the ground and show that it is false). — dissolvere (to dissolve or annihilate by proofs and explication, e. g. a sophism, mentientem : an accusation before the judge or in the court, criminatio- nem). To c. athg by evidence, qd testimoniis refutare: he has c.'d himself, suo sibi argumento confutatus est : to c. aby by his own words, suo sibi gladio qm jugulare (proverbially in Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 34) : to endeavour to c. aby with weak proofs, plumbeo gladio qm jugulare (C. Alt. 1, 16, 2). CONGE', || A bow, corporis inclinatio (of men). — ♦genuum fiexio (of women). \\ Leave, discharge, dismissio (dismission fm service, of servants and sol- diers). — missro (the discharge of soldiers). To give aby his c, ci commeatum dare (propr. of soldiers, but also of other things). To ask for his c, commeatum petere. See Leave, Farewell. — 1| In architecture, apo- physis, apothgsis (apophygis is erroneous ; see Schneider, Vitr. 4, 1, 11, and 4, 7, 3), the inflected part on the roof of a column. CONGEAL, congelari; nive concrescere ; frigoribus conglaciare; gelu consistere; fm the context also du- rescere (almost all in Cic. N. D. 2, 10, init.). — se con- gelare (to freeze, to congeal by getting cold). — coire (to run together, to curdle and thus congeal).— spissari (g. t. to grow thick, consistent). Jn. spissari et in densi- tatem coire (all of any liquid mass). — coagulari (to curdle, of milk, and liquors of that nature ; then coagu- late, of any liquid mass). To cause or make to c, con- gelare (by letting athg get cold) ; coagulare (by runnet, fyc). — lac gelatum, concretum (curd). CONGELATION, coagulatio. See To Congeal. CONGENER, congener (Plin.). CONGENIAL, propinquus, with aby or athg, ci or ci rei (bearing resemblance to). — affinis (in this significa- tion, without classic authority).— accommodatus ci rei or ad rem (adapted to, suitable). — aptus ci rei or ad qd (fit, proper). — congruens. consentiens. concors (con- gruous, agreeing) : Jn. aptus et accommodatus ; aptus consentaneusque ; congruens et aptus; aptus et con- gruens. — c. with athg, consentaneus ci rei; conjuDCtus cum qa re (compatible, suitable to its nature). — animo conjunctus cum qo (of a c. character with a person). CON CON Sts jucundus (delightful); or suavis. dulcis. pergratus. — to be c. with, congruere, convenire, responderecirei. A c. temper, *cognatio qusedam animorum. CONGER, conger. — congras.*muraenaconger'Z!««.). CONGERIES, congeries (lapidum, lignorum, &c). CONGEST, v. congerere. conferre. comportare. See Heap up. CONGESTION, congestio (as act, or thing heaped up, post-Aug.). — congestus, us (C). — C. (of blood, 8fc), *congestio (t. t. (Tvnultum or temerarium esse, nullius consilii esse : not to take athg into c, rationem cs rei nullam habere. to examine athg with the greatest c, exactissimo judicio examinare qd. See ato To Consider. — \\Moment, respectus. momentum, discrimen : to be a c. of im- portance, magni momenti esse, magni referre : a c. of great importance, res gravissima or summa or (157) maxima, res magni momenti or discriminis. See also Importance.— || Weight, authority, vis. gravitas: a person of great c, homo, in quo summa auctoritas est atque amplitudo (as statesman); homo gravis (g. t. for one who is looked up to) : to be of c, gravem esse (of persons and things): to be a person of some c, qo numero atque honore esse, qo loco et numero esse : it is a matter of c, res habet gravitatem: to be of no c, millius ponderis esse, ponderis nihil habere (of things); tenui or nulla, auctoritate esse (of persons).— \\ Regard, respectus (prop, a retrospective glance, hence retro- spection with the mind, as it were). — ratio (in taking any measures). To take a person or thing into c, re- spectum habere ad qm. respicere qm or qd. rationem habere cs or cs rei. rationem ducere cs rei: to take one's own interests into c, suam rationem ducere. de se cogitare : to have particular c. for aby or athg, cs or cs rei rationem diligenter habere : to have no c. for fyc, negligere qm or qd. nihil curare qd : out of c. for aby (this is freq. expressed in Latin by the mere dative of the person for whom one shows that c): to pardon aby, out of c. for aby, condonare qd ci (e. g. animad- versionem et supplicium, quo usurus eram in qm, re- mittere ci et condonare, Vatin. in C. ad Div. 5, 10, 4): in c. of these circumstances the people preferred, fyc, haec respiciens populus maluit, &c. : fm the c, that the enemy might cross in five days, quod diebus quinque hostis transire possit : without c. for, sine respectu cs rei. nulla cs rei ratione habita : without c. of persons, nullius ratione habita. delectu omni et discrimine omisso. omissis auctoritatibus : to act without any c. for aby, omnia ad libidinem suam facere : in c. of this, ejus rei ratione habita; ejus rei respectu.— eo quod (because). — \\ Motive, causa, ratio: to be induced by some c, qd or nonnihil sequi (in athg, in re, see C. Off. 1, 11, 35. Beier. p. 81, sq. ; Rose. Am. 3, 8, Matthice): fm or for more than one c, aliquot de causis.— 1| Com- pensation, remuneratio. praemium or pretium (the latter in gold, age for praem. honos. merces): to expect some c. for one's services fm aby, pretium meriti a qo desiderare. — \\Esteem, to treat aby with great c, vereri. revereri qm. qm colere. tribuere ci cultum. observare, honorare qm. reverentiam adhibere adver- sus qm or praestare. CONSIDERING, || Taking it into considera- tion, qd respiciens or intuens.— cum ea ratione. — ratione habita (cs rei). — C. this, he fyc, haec respi- ciens: id ille intuens, &c. — 1| When 'considering' is used restrictively in sentences thai make a statement, not absolutely, but comparatively, it is transl. in vari- ous ways : the battle was a sharp one, c. the small num- ber of the combatants, prcelium atrocius, quam pro numero pugnantium : a wealthy man, c. the time he lived at, ut turn erant temp or a, dives: ut temporibus illis, dives : a good speaker, c. that he was a Theban, satis exercitatus in dicendo, ut Thebanus scilicet: he was a learned man, c. that he was a Roman, multae, ut in homine Romano, literae : c. the manners of these times, (praesertim) ut nunc sunt mores. See also Inasmuch as. CONSIGN, \\ Deliver over, tradere qm or qd : to aby or athg, ci or ci rei. — demandare. — assighare (e. g. Eumenem custodibus, Jzist.) : to c. one's boys to the care of a master, pueros magistro tradere (C), or demandare (L.): to c. a person to the care of another, commendare et tradere qm ci (by a recommendation). — a business over to aby, permittere ci negotium : ' to c. to writing,' (Addison) consignare Uteris (C), vid. Entrust. To c. goods to aby, prps *merces (venden- das) mittere ad redemptorem qm or redemptori ci : to c to the flames, in flammas conjicere. CONSIGNMENT, Orel, by verbs under Consign. CONSIST, || To be composed of, constare : of athg, in re, or ex re or re (g. t.). compositum esse (ex re), contineri qa re; also esse with gen.; man c.'s of body and soul, homo constat (ex) animo et corpore, or e corpore constat et animo ; hominum genus compositum est ex animo et corpore : the gods have not bodies con- sisting of veins, nerves, and bones, non venis et nervis et ossibus continentur dii : a part of his property con- sisted of ready money, partem rei familiaris in pecunia habebat : a dactyl c.'s of one long and two short sylla- bles, dactylus est e longa et duabus brevibus : the army c.'s of 6000 men, exercitus est militum decern milium, numeruscopiarum expletdecem milia. — 1| To be com- prised or contained in athg, consistere in re. contineri re or in re (the latter, i. e. with 'in,' seldom, although classic, see C. Off. 3, 15, 61 ; Verr. 4, 27, 60, where we find, in qS re contineri atque inesse). — versari. situm or positum esse (to be placed in, to CON CON depend on). — eerni (to show or display itself) in re. — niti re or in re (to lean on athg for support). Virtue c.'s in acting, virtus cernitur in agendo. — 1| To be con- sistent with, consentire ci rei or cum re. convenire. congruere. concordare : the former cannot c. with the latter, posterius priori non convenit : not to c. with, abhorrere a qa re. dissentire. dissidere. discrepare. See To Agree. CONSISTENCE, || Degree of solidity; the nearest substantives are: soliditas. densitas. spissitas. crassitudo : till it is of the c. of honey, donee mellis crassitudinem habeat (Cels.6,6, 1). — 1| Suitab leness, agreement with, convenientia (e. g. partium). — con- gruentia aequalitasque (of the proper proportions of the parts of any whole, see Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 11). CONSISTENCY, firmitas (of bodies, and impr. the c. of character, wch fits it to resist temptations, fyc.).— firmitudo (innate c). — rectitudo. constantia (con- stancy). — perseverantia (c. of one who does not allow himself to be deterred by difficulties). — ratio constans (equanimity ; also of things that do not alter) : to ob- serve a rule with great c, regulam constantissime ser- vare; in c. with athg, see Consistently: for the sake of c, constantise causa : these assertions do not seem remarkable for their c, haec non constantissime dici mini videntur. — 1| Degree of denseness : see Con- sistence. CONSISTENT, \\ Harmonizing with, consen- tiens. congruens. concors. C. with athg, consentaneus ci rei. decorus ci or ci rei. conjunctus cum qa re. — accommodatus ci rei or ad rem (fit, proper). — aptus ci rei or ad qd (becoming, suitable) ; Jn. aptus et accom- modatus. aptus consentaneusque. congruens et aptus. aptus et congruens : c. with the circumstances or times, consentaneus tempori. ad tempus accommodatus : to be c. with athg, congruere. convenire. convenientem, aptum, consentaneumque esse ci rei; respondere ci rei.— also by esse with Gen., e. g. it is c. with the Gallic custom, that #c, est hoc Gallicae consuetudinis, ut &c. : he maintained that it was not c. with the manners of the Greeks, negavit, moris esse Graecorum, &c. : to be c. with the character one has assumed, and the cir- cumstances of the time, decere. quasi aptum esse con- sentaneumque persona? et temporibus (the latter as definition of the former, by C. Oral. 22, 74) : not to be c. with, alienum esse re or a re. || Observing con- sistency; a c. person, homo stabilis et constans ; Jn. firmus et rectus (C. Fam. 12, 5, 2. et quis considera- tior illo, quis rectior, quis prudentior?). A c. mode of thinking, constantia: to be or remain c, sibi constare. secum consentire. se non deserere. sibi consentaneum esse, suis judiciis stare : he would never say this if he cared to be c, numquam id diceret, si ipse se audiret (C. Tusc. 5, 10, 3) : not to be c. (of persons), a se dis- cedere. CONSISTENTLY, convenienter. congruenter. de- core, accommodate, apte; Jn. apte et quasi decore. apte congruenterque. congruenter convenienterque : to live c. with nature, accommodate (accommodatis- sime) ad naturam vivere. secundum naturam vivere : to act c, constanter facere (very c, constantissime). Sts expressed by the prepositions, ad, ex, pro ; e. g. ad veritatem (c. with truth). — ex lege (c. with the law). — pro tempore et pro re. ex re et ex tempore (c. with the times and circumstances) ; or by abl. only, e. g. insti- tute suo, c. with his design. — c. with the customs of the Romans, consuetudine Romanorum. CONSISTORY, *senatusecclesiasticus. *synedrium: the president of the c, *princeps senatus ecclesiastici : to be the president of the c, *senatui ecclesiastico prae- sidere : member or counsel of the c, *a consiliis ecclesi- asticis: assessor of the c, ^assessor senatus ecclesiastici. B3HP consistorium was the cabinet-council of a Roman Emperor, and the members of it, consistoriani, Cod. Just. CONSOCIATE, consociare qd cum qo; or absol. consoc. qd or rem inter sese (C. L.). Intrans.) con- sociari cum qo. See Associate, v. CONSOCIATE, see Companion, Associate. CONSOCIATION, consociatio. See Companion- ship. CONSOLABLE, consolabilis (CO- CONSOLATION, solatium (c. wch athg affords and wch one feels). — consolatio (act of consoling). — confir- matio animi (stronger). — medicina (the consolatory means; remedy: solamen, poet.). — Sts fomentum (e. g. haec sunt solatia, haec foment a summorum dolorum, C. Tusc. 2, 24, 59) : to be some c. (to aby), to afford c, solatium praebere or afferre. solatio or solatium esse : to afford some small degree of c, nonnullam consola- tionem or aliquid solatii habere : to afford no c, nihil (158) habere consolationis : that is my c, eo solatio utor : this is my greatest c, consolor me maxime illo solatio : to be free fm guilt is a great c, vacare culpa magnum est solatium : the misfortune of others is a poor c, levis est consolatio ex raiseriis aliorum : this is the only c. that supports me, haec una consolatio me sustentat : to find c. in misery, consolationem malorum invenire : to find c. in philosophy ; or to apply to philosophy for c, medicinam petere a philosophic : to need no c, non egere medicina : a letter of c, literae consolatoriae. codicilli consolatorii (a note) : a state that admits of no c., desperatae res : a word of c, solatium : to look to one only source for c, omnia in unam consolationem conjicere: a good conscience is the best c, conscientia rectae voluntatis maxima consolatio est (C): a source of c, mly, solatium; *solatii copia; unde solatium peti or repeti potest : it is a great c. that, magnum est solatium (followed by infin.): this is no trifling c. to me, haec res mihi non mediocrem consolationem affert : a recent sorroiv will not admit of c, recens animi dolor consolationes rejicit ac refugit (Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 11). It is often some c. to know one's fate, saepe est caiami- tatis solatium, nosse sortem suam (Curt.). 1 have none of the c.'s wch others have had in similar circumstances, ea me solatia deficiunt, quae ceteris simili in fortuna non defuerunt. J^^° Consolatio is the term used by Cicero for the discourse he composed for his own c. after the death of his daughter. CONSOLATORY, consolatorius. *solatii plenus : to be c, solatio esse : very, magno solatio esse : it is very c. that fyc, magnum est solatium, with following infin. CONSOLE, consolari qm (in qa, re, as in miseriis ; de qa, re : of persons and things). — solatium ci praebere or afferre. — ci solatio or solatium esse (to be of consola- tion to aby) : to c. aby by letter, qm per literas conso- lari : on account of athg, consolari qm de qa re : this c.'s me, hoc est mihi solatio : to go away c'd, aequiore animo discedere. To c. oneself, se consolari (on ac- count of athg), de qa re : to c. oneself with athg, se consolari qa re (e. g. with vain hopes, spe inani) ; con- solari qm qd or de qa re. less commonly qd qa re, as C. Tusc. 5, 31, 88: magnitudinem doloris brevitate consolatur, Krebs. To c. oneself, se consolari (so memet, vos ipsos). — J c myself by thinking that %c, hoc solatio utor, quod &c. (gggT solari does not be- long to the prose of gold, age) : not to be able to c. one- self, *nihil consolationis admittere : nothing is able to c. me in my grief, vincit omnem consolationem dolor : aby cannot be c'd, cs dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest. J^^° Stronger terms for to Console are, erigere ; excitare ; firmare. confirmare (to inspire with courage). — relevare. recreare {comfort): to c. an afflicted person, qm confirmare, excitare. afflictum cs animum .recreare (comp. C. Att. 1, 16, 8, ego recreavi amictos animos bonorum unumquemque confirmans, excitans); animum cs jacentem or qm abjectum et jacentem excitare ; sublevare stratum et abjectum ; ad animi aequitatem extollere qm : to c. a dejected person, animum demissum et oppressum erigere : to be c'd by a hope, spe inflari. CONSOLE, s. (in architecture) : ancon or parotis (ayKwv, Si/or, 6, napcorU, idos, »j, Vitr. 4, 6,4, Schneid.). CONSOLIDATE, v. tr.) firmare. confirmare (to make lasting, e. g. the reign, empire). — stabilire (to give firmness, e. g. of liberty, empire).— fundare (of power, security, liberty, dominion). — intr.) solidescere (to become firm ; to unite, to form one whole, Plin. II, 37, 87 ; also spissescere). — [3§§ir consolidare is used by C. in the particp. consolidatus, of accounts that are settled: Vitr. uses it of a wall, $c, as t. t. Krebs.] — See To Coalesce, To Unite. CONSOLIDATION, confirmatio.— for the c. of the empire (or the power of the empire), ad muniendas opes imperii. CONSONANCE,) concentus. concordia. consensus. CONSONANCY, f consensus conspirans. consensus concentusque. conspiratio : to be in c, concinere. con- cordare. consentire. consentire atque concinere. con- spirare : with athg, convenire ci rei (e. g. sententiae). — not to be in c. with, dissentire. dissidere. discrepare [consonantia only Vitr. and late writers]. See Con- formity. CONSONANT, adj. concinens. concors. congruens ; Jn. concors et congruens. consbnus (opp. absonus). — modulatus (proper, harmonious. See also Conform- able, Consistent). CONSONANT (litera) consbnans. consona (later) : C.'s come together, coeunt : clash, rixantur (Q.). The clashing of c.'s, consonantium inter se congressus: to end in a c, in consonantem cadere or excidere. . CON CON CONSONANTLY, concorditer. congruenter. modu- late. See also Conformable, Consistently. CONSORT, maritus (opp. caelebs).— conjux (spouse). — vir (man).— novus maritus (lately married, Appul. Met. 8, p. 201, 36) : fern, conjux ; uxor (married according to the usual ceremonies ; wife). — marita opp. vidua (widow). — materfamilias (opp. concubina). c.'s, mariti (Papin. Dig. 24, 1, 52, extr. ; so, of newly married persons, novi mariti, Appul. Met. 8, p. 201, 36).— conjuges (Catull. 64, 234). To become the c. of aby, nubere ci (of the female). See also Husband, Wife. CONSORT, v. See To Associate. CONSPICUOUS, || Obvious to the sight, con- spicuus. oculis subjectus (obvious to the sight). — ex- pressus (clearly discernible, e. g. traces, vestiges, vesti- gia : marks, indicia). —apertus (lying openly before one's eyes, opp. occultus).— manifestus (plain, palpa- ble, evident, opp. latens, occultus) : to be c, ante oculos positum esse, apertum esse, apparere (g. t.). See also Clear. — 1| Unusual, remarkable, notabilis or no- tandus. — insignis. insignitus. conspicuus or conspi- c : endus (that will draw upon itself the eyes of people ; See Bremi. Suet. Oct. 45). — mirus (strange, odd, extra- ordinary) : a c. dress or costume, dissentiens a ceteris habitus : c. fm one's dress, cultu notabilis : to be c, esse notabilem (remarkable, of persons and things). — conspici conspicuum esse (to draw upon itself the eyes of the public, e. g. by its extravagant nature, of persons and things, see Bremi. Nep. AH. 13, 5, and Suet. Oct. 45). — 1| Emi nen t, insignis. praestans. clarus. nobilis. egregius. excellens. eximius [Syn. in Distinguished], See Eminent. CONSPICUOUSLY, manifesto or manifeste. ita ut facile appareat. mirum in modum. aperte. dilucide. palam.— 1| E minently, egregie. eximie. CONSPIRACY, conjuratio (v.pr.). — conspiratio (any association either for good or bad purposes). To form a c, see To Conspire. To discover a c, conjurationem invenire atque deprehendere. conjurationem detegere (of a non-conspirator). — conjurationem patefacere or prodere (on the part of a member) : to suppress a c, conjurationem opprimere; privy to a c, conjurationis conscius, or (fm context) conscius only. CONSPIRATOR, conjuratus. — conjurationis par- ticeps or socius : the c.'s, conjurati. conjurationis globus. CONSPIRE, conjurare. conjurationem facere (v.pr.). — conspirare (to join for a certain purpose in general). To c. with aby, conjurare cum qo : to c. agst aby or athg, conjurare contra qm or qd. conspirare in qm or qd; for accomplishing a certain purpose, conjurare de qa re facienda or in qd; conspirare in or ad qd : to c. agst aby's life, conjurare de qo interficiendo or in cs mortem, conspirare in cs caedem. CONSTABLE, *constabularius, qui dicitur (as t. t.), *disciplinae publirae praepositus or custos. — inquisitor {who is employed in search of suspicious characters, see Bremi. Suet. Cces. 1).— apparitor (the officer of a court cf justice who executes arrests). CONSTANCY, || Perseverance, perseverantia (that c. wch is not deterred by difficulties).— constantia (consistent conduct). — assiduitas (unremitting perse- verance). — pertinacia (pertinacious adherance to athg, e. g. an opinion, design).— pervicacia (firmness in en- deavouring to attain one's end). — obstinatio. obstina- tior voluntas, obstinatus animus (obstinate persistence in, e. g. a resolution, decision). — stabilitas (in friend- ship). — animi firmitas (firm?iess of mind, or c. of senti- ment) : of opinion, perpetua in sententia sua per- mansio. obstinatio sententiae : in faith, obstinatio fidei : aby does not possess c. in bearing adversities, minime resistens ad calamitates perferendas mens cs est : with c, perseveranter. obstinato animo. constan- ter. See also Constantly.— || Patience, patientia (the will to endure sufferings and adversity without flinching ; cf. C. de Invent. 2, 54, 163). — tolerantia (the energy and perseverance displayed in suffering, with collateral notion of the feeling but endurance of the misery ; generally with Gen. e. g. tol. doloris). — aequus animus, asquitas animi (equanimity, calmness) : to en- dure sufferings with c, pati ac ferre qd. perpeti, per- ferre qd (see L. 28, 34. II. Ep. 1, 15, 17).— \\ Continu- ance, perpetuitas (uninterrupted duration). — peren- nitas. diuturnitas (long duration). — stabilitas (immuta- bility). — 1| Faithfulness, fidelitas (erga amicum, erga patriam).— fides. — fidus amor (c. in love, but fidelitas erfra conjugem, if conjugal fidelity is meant). CONSTANT, || Firm, constans (remaining like it- self). — stabilis (steady, unchanging). — firmus (firm, (159) resisting external impressions ; all these' may be said, e.g. of a friend). A c. mind or courage, animus firmus-. to be of a c. mind or courage, stare animo or (of several) stare animis (in circumstances of danger). — stabili et firmo esse animo : to bear athg with a c. mind, aequo animo ferre qd. — 1| To be c. to athg, in qa re rnanere or permanere (e.g. in veritate ; in sententia; in sua erga qm voluntate perm.). — in qa re perstare (e. g. in sententia sua; in pravitate sua; in societate): not to be c. to athg, deficere a qa re (e. g. a virtute).— decis- cere a re (e. g. a consuetudine parentum; a societate ; a veritate): to be c. to a person, fidum manere ci. fidem servare or tenere; in fide or in officio cs manere or permanere. — 1| Incessant, perennis (e.g. cursus stellarum). — perpetuus (continual, e. g. laughing, risus). — continens. continuus (uninterrupted, incom- moda, labor, imber). — sempiternus (lasting, eternal, e. q. ignis Vestae). — assiduus. CONSTANTLY, || Firmly, constanter. perseve- ranter. firmiter. affirmalo animo. pertinaciter. per- vicacius. obstinate, obstinato animo : to endure pain c, constanter ferre dolorem [See Syn. in Constant]. — 1| Continually, perpetuo. continenter. sine inter- missione. nullo temporis puncto intermisso (|@2|F con- tinue and continuo are un-Class.). — assidue (assiduo, un-Class.). — usque, semper: to study c, studia nun- quam intermittere ; tota vita assidere Uteris; haerere in libris : to work c, nullum tempus ad laborem in- termittere : to be c. entreating aby, qm precibus fati- gare. CONSTELLATION, || Considered astrologi- cally, the ' aspect' of the stars, astrorum or cceli afFec- tio (C. Fat. 4, 8. de Divin. 2, 47, 99).— siderum signifi- catio (Plin. Ep. 2, 20). — positus siderum (the relative position of the heavenly bodies; their 'aspects'). To be born under the same c., eodem statu cceli et stella- rum natum esse: if it be of any consequence under what c. any living being is born, si ad rem pertineat, quo- modo ccelo affecto, compositisque sideribus, quodque animal oriatur (ibid. § 98). Born under a lucky c, dextro sidere editus or natus : born under an unlucky c , malo astro natus. See Star. — 1| Considered astro- nomically, as a qroup of star s ; sidus. CONSTERNATE, see, To throw into consternation, under Consternation. CONSTERNATION, perturbatio. consternatio ; tre- pidatio (stale of agitation and consequent indecision). — res trepida (the state of things that produces c). His countenance betrayed extreme c, ore confuso magnae perturbationis notas pras se ferebat: to fill aby with c, cs mentem animumque perturbare ; in perturbationem conjicere ; consternare; percutere (H^T not percel- lere) ; by a speech, oratione differre (see Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 2, 4, 5) : to be in c, stupere. cs animum stupor tenet : to be in great c. about athg, qa, re exanimatum esse : he was in such c. that he could not utter a single word, torpebat vox spiritusque (L. 2, 25). CONSTIPATE, || To condense, densare. conden- sare. — spissare. conspissare. — confercire. — comprimere, sec Condense. — 1| To produce costiveness, alvum astringere, supprimere, comprimere, durare (Cels.), co- hibere, firmare, sistere, inhibere. CONSTIPATION, alvus astricta or restricta ; alvus durata or suppressa ; venter suppressus. I am suffer- ing fm c, venter or alvus nihil reddit. nihil per se venter excernit (Cels. 2, 12, 2).— habeo alvum sup- pressam (Cels. 2, 12, 2). I have been suffering fm c. for several days, pluribus diebus non descendit alvus. CONSTITUENT, s. mandator (Gaj. Instil. 2, 9, 20). —elector (Auct. ad Herenn., g. t.). A person's c.'s, either mandatores mei (those who have commissioned me), or *ii, quorum ego vicarius sum (in senatu). CONSTITUENT, adj. C. parts, elementa cs rei. res, ex quibus conflatur et efficitur qd (C. Off. 1, 4, 14). — res, quibus qd continetur, or in quibus qd positum est (of wch athg consists or is composed, C. Off. 1, 9, 29, and 35, 126). CONSTITUTE, statuere. constituere. designare (to order). Jn. constituere et designare. — dicere (say or indicate in general). — | To appoint, constituere (establish, settle; set on a right footing). — instituere (institute; appoint; ordain a thing or person). See Appoint. CONSTITUTION, || State, status, conditio. Obs. cond. is lasting, status, transient. — 1| Composition, compositio ; structura (the manner in wch athg is com- posed). — || Ordinance, law, lex. The c.'s (of a church, #c), leges ; instituta et leges. — constitutio (in silv. age). — || Temperament, corporis constitutio, affectio : a good, strong c, firma corporis constitutio or CON CON affectio. corpus bene constitiitum. valetudinis pro- speritas : to have a strong c, corpore robusto esse, ci corpus bene constitutum est : a bad, weak c, corporis or valetudinis infirmitas, imbecillitas, valetudo tenuis, infirma or non firma : to have a weak c, valetudine infirma uti : to have a very bad or weak c, tenui aut nulla potius esse valetudine. — Form of govern- ment, civitatis forma.— civitatis status (state of the country). — reipublicae ratio or modus {with reference to the nature of the government).— reiyubttcse genus (co?i- sidered as a species of the various c.'s) — instituta et leges (its laws and institutions collectively). A c. very judiciously established by our fathers, descriptio civitatis a majoribus nostris sapientissime constituta: to change the, c, formam reipublicae mutare : to give a c. to a state, rempublicam institutis temperare. rempublicam or imperium constituere. rempublicam stabilire : agst the c. of the country, *legibus civitatis repugnans. non legitimus ; non Justus. CONSTITUTIONAL, legitimus. *legibus civitatis conveniens : not c, "legibus civitatis repugnans. — \\Arising fm constitution of body, mly by innatus. insitus. ingeneratus, ingenitus or insitus et innatus (innate). — naturalis. nativus (natural, opp. to what is artificial or assumed). — congeneratus. a paren- tibus propagatus. — avitus (e. g. hereditary). CONSTITUTIONALLY, legitime. Not c, non legi- time; non juste. CONSTRAIN, qm vi cogere or cogere only (if = necessitate ; to 8>-c , ut with subj.).—qm vi cogere ad qd (or with following infin.). ci necessitatem imponere or injicere qd faciendi : to c. oneself, sibi vim facere. naturae repugnare : to be constrained, necessario cogi (with following infin.). Vid. Compel. CONSTRAINED, by the past parlicp. of the verbs under Constrain, if = compel. \\ Not natural, coactus, durus (hard).— contortus (C). A c. style, oratio contorta : a c. look, vultus compositus, rictus : a c. laugh, risus invitus, coactus, rictus. Vid. Forced. CONSTRAINT. See Compulsion. CONSTRICT, or CONSTRINGE, \\To contract, contrahere (opp. porrigere, tendere).— 1| To bind, co- pulando jungere or conjungere. constringere.— astrin- gere (to pull closely together; then of cold, also of medi- cines ; opp. solvere).— coartare (to draw into a narrow compass). CONSTRICTION, contractio (g. t.). — constrictio (propr. the tying or lacing together, then of the inner parts of the body by medicines ; late). CONSTRUCT, aedificare (v. pr. e. g. ships, towns, fyc). — struere. construere (e.g. a building, vessel, 8(c); Jn. construere atque aedificare. — exstruere (erect, e. g. a tower). — condere (to found, e. g. a town). — excitare (erect, e. g. a monument, tower, fyc). — educere (to erect a lofty building, e. g. pyramides). — facere (to make, build in general). — arcbitectari (to c. according to the rules of art, e. g. a temple, fyc). — praestruere ci rei {before any object). — astruere, adjungere qd ci rei (near or joining any object): to c. close together, e. g. houses, riomos continuare (S. Cat. 20, 9, Herz.): all around, circum struere : of hewn stone, saxo quadrato con- struere : to c. a house, exstruere or aedificare domum : to c. a bridge over a river, pontem in flumine (not in flumen) facere, efficere, injicere : to c. fortifica- tions, munimenta excitare : to c. (describe) on a given line an equilateral triangle, in data, linea triangulum aequis lateribus constituere (Q. 1, 10, 3). Gramm.) componere. CONSTRUCTION, || The act of constructing, sedificatio. exaedificatio. exstructio : c. of a wall, duc- tus muri. — 1| Grammatical c, verborum conforma- tio or compositio (the way in wch one word follows an- other).— consecutio verborum (the logical order of the words according to Gramm.). — constructio (is used in C. for the artificial arrangement of a speech ; but in gram- marians — construction). — \\ Meaning, sense, e.g. a word admits of various c.'s, bujus vocis potestas multi- plex est (aft. Auct. ad Her. 4, 54, in.) : this word does not admit of any other c, but 8/c, neque ulla alia huic verbo subjecta notio est, nisi &c. : whenever a word admits of more than one c, quum verbum potest in duas plu- resve sententias accipi : to put a good or favorable c. on athg, qd in bonam partem accipere or bene inter- pretari ; sine offensione accipere qd ; to put the worst c. on athg, in malam partem accipere or male interpre- tari qd : to put a better or more favorable c. on athg, in mitiorem or in meliorem partem accipere or inter- pretari qd : a worse c, in pejorem partem accipere or deterius interpretari qd : a worse c. on every thing, omnia in deterius trahere. — [|1SI° these phrases with (160) the comparative are used where toe should use the positive : ' to put a good, bad,fyc., c. on athg'}. — To put a c. on athg that it was not intended to have, aliter qd, ac dictum erat, accipere. CONSTRUCTOR, aedificator.— conditor (founder). CONSTRUE, interpretari qd. explanare (g. it.) : 'to construe athg favorably, unfavorably,' fyc., see 'put a good, bad, 8fc. construction on,' under Con- struction. || In the technical sense of con- struing Latin, %c, *verba ita inter se jungere, ut nostra loquendi consuetudo fert. — \\To be con- strued with = to be followed by S/c, jungi or con- jungi cum &c. (e. g. hoc verbum conjungitur cum ablativo: Jg§|r not construitur). CONSUBSTANTIAL, consubstantialis (Tert.). ejus- dem naturae. CONSUL, consul (at Rome). One who has been c, vir consularis : the c. of last year, qui proximo anno consulatum gerebat : who is c. for the second time, bis consul : for the third, fifth, fyc. lime, tertiuin, quintum consul: regarding the c, consularis: he was unani- mously elected cpopuli cunctis suffragiis consul factus or declaratus est. — 1| Mercantile agent, procurator mercaturae? The Dutch c. at Livorno, «procurator mercaturae Batavorum in Italiae portu Liburno ( Wyt- tenb.). CONSULATE, CONSULSHIP, dignitas consularis; fastigium consulare (the dignity), consulatus (the office or duty). CONSULT, || To ask advice, qm consulere (g. t. also to c. a physician) : about athg, de re : by letter, per literas : petere consilium a qo. exquirere consilium cs (stronger terms), qm in consilium adhibere.— rogare. interrogare qm sententiam (to ask aby's opinion, the latter of a presiding senator). — *rogare, quid ci videa- tur, quid censeat {g. tt ). To c. the books of the Sibyl, adire libros Sibyllinos : to send to Delphi to c. the oracle, mittere Delphos consultum or deliberatum : consulted, rogatus, interrogatus (asked one's opinion). I! To take counsel with aby, consiliari. in con- silium ire (the latter of judges, %-c.) — deliberare (to take into consideration), also habere deliberation em : consulere or consultare. consilium inire or capere (to take counsel). — about athg, de re : with aby, deliberare or consultare cum qo. qm in consilium vocare or assumere. consilium capere una cum qo, qm adhibere in consilium or ad deliberationes : with aby about athg, qm (or qd) in consilium cs rei adhibere. — consilia inter se communicare : for the sake of consulting, con- siliandi causa. : one must c. about athg, consilii res est. res in deliberationem cadit : to c. nobody, se solum in consilium vocare : as to the rest you had better c. your- self, de reliquo malo te ipsum loqui tecum (C. ad Div. 12, 3, extr.). — \\Have regard to; to c. aby's interests, consulere ci: consulere or prospicere cs saluti or ra- tionibus : to c. the interests of mankind, utilitati bomi- num consulere. CONSULTATION, consultatio. consilium (the tak- ing counsel with oneself or with others ; the former as action). — deliberatio (the careful consideration of what is to be done, or what resolution is to be taken, C. Off. 1. 3, 9; Att. 8, 15, 2); Jn. deliberatio et consultatio: to hold a c, consultare or deliberare. consilium habere de re ; deliberationes habere de re (of several persons) : to hold a c. with aby, deliberare, consultare cum qo (©.): to hold c.'s on the state of the rejmblic, deliberationes habere de republica (©): to require any c, aliquam in deliberationem or consultationem res venit : to call or invite aby to a c, qm adhibere in consilium or ad deliberationes (©). CONSUME, || To destroy, consumere. absumere ; conficere (e.g. of care, #c); Jn. conficere et consu- mere. — haurire (of fire ; of wch consumere, absumere, are also used) : to be consumed by fire, flammis absumi. incendio consumi : fire c.'s all things, ignis consumptor or confector omnium : the fire c.'s every thing, ignis omnia disturbat ac dissipat : aby is consumed by grief, aegritudo exest cs animum : to be consumed by grief, mcerore consumi: to c. one's energies, strength, S/c, vires consumere. Time c.'s all things, nihil est quod non conficiat vetustas : to c. oneself (itself), se confi- cere ; tabescere (see Consume, intr.): consuming, tabificus (perturbationes, morbus): omnia hauriens (of fire). — 1| To lavish, e. g. property, effundere, conficere; Jn. effundere et consumere. — dissipare. obiigurire. lacerare (e. g. patrimonium, patria bona).— perdere (c. unnecessarily, waste, e.g. tempus ; or tempore abuti). || To use for the sustenance of the body, ed&re. come- dere (eat ?/#).— exedere (eat away or up ; used also of grief). CON CONSUME, intr.) se conficere. tabescere. conta- bescere (to waste away gradually ; of persons ; e. g. morbo, desiderio). CONSUMER, consumptor. confector (veterani con- sumptores sc. patrimonii, Sen.). See To Consume. |j The consumer (opp. to 'the seller') emptor, emptores. CONSUMMATE, ad exitum adducere. ad finem perducere. conficere {finish). — consummare {Class, after the Aug. age: see Ruhnk. Veil. 2,89).— absolvere. — per- ficere [Syn. in Perfect, v.]. — ad effectum adducere {opp. spe concipere, C). — ad effectum cs rei pervenire (e. g. consiliorum, C). CONSUMMATE, adj. summus.— perfectus. abso- lutus. Jn. perfectus atque absolutus. absolutus et per- fectus. expletus et perfectus. perfectus cumulatusque. perfectus completusque {hating the highest degree of perfection): also absolutus omnibus numeris. perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus {perfect in every part). — A c. philosopher, philosophus absolutus : a c. orator, orator perfectus. homo perfectus in dicendo : a man of c. learning, homo or vir doctissimus. homo nobilis et clarus ex doctrina: a physician of c. skill, medicus arte insignis. For a c. rogue, rascal, fool, &c, sec Arrant. CONSUMMATELY, perfecte. absolute.— plane, pror- sus. omnino. — summe {in the highest degree: officiosus, C). Sts by superlative adj.— c. foolish, stolidissimus. stultissimus : c. impudent, impudentissimus. — bene et naviter impudens (C). CONSUMMATION, j| The completing, confectio. — consummatio (post-Aug.). — effectio. effectus {the car- rying into effect). — peractio. exsecutio {execution). — finis, exitus {end). — 1| State of completion, abso- lutio. perfectio. — Jn. absolutio perfectioque. — to bring one's plans to their c, consiliorum suorum exsecutorem esse : the work has not yet been brought to its c, operi nondum accessit ultima manus : to bring athg to its c, qd ad exitum or ad finem adducere. CONSUMPTION, consumptio {a consuming ; see To Consume). || The disease, tabes {of which Cels. 3, 22, gives the different kinds in Greek ; later writers in Latin; aw, atrophia; cachexia; phthisis).— A slow c, lenta tabes: to fall into a c, corpus ad tabem \enit. tabes qm invadit: to be dying of c, *tabe laborare [Sidon. Ep. 5, 14, uses phthisiscare, to be suffering fm c.]: to die of a rapid c, subito macie, et deinde morte corripi. — Obs. Phthisis is {according to Cels. 3, 22) the longe periculosissima species ; oritur fere e capite ; inde in pulmonem destillat ; huic exulceratio accedit ; ex hac febricula levis fit, quae etiam cum quievit, tamen repetit : frequens tussis est : pus exscreatur ; interdum cruentum aliquid. This is ' vera phthisis.' CONSUMPTIVE, tabidus (g. t.).— phthisicus (<£0«n- k6?, phthisical, Vitr. Plin.): to be c, «tabe laborare [Sidon. phthisiscare]. See also Consumption. || De- structive. Vid. CONTACT, tactio. tactus {a touching).— contactus {e. g. mulieris, viri : also impropr. cont. valentiorum ; and = ' contagious example,' T.). — contagio («?., in a good or bad sense: contagium only in poets [in plur.}, and in post-Au/. prose) : not to come into c. with athg, ne minima quidem cs rei societate contingi : point of c, *punctum contactus {propr. in Geometr.) : angle of c. {where two lines cross each other), *angulus con- tactus. CONTAGION, contactus {propr. and trop. as act). — contagio (contagium only in post-Aug. prose; in plur. in poets, lucri, H. : the infection and the disease itself ; propr. and trop.). — They keep their morals pure from c, mores sinceros integrosque a contagione sen-ant {with gen. of the persons fm whom the infection proceeds : e. g. accolarum). — To infect a whole flock by c, uni- versum gregem contagione prosternere : the disease propagates itself by c, contactu morbus in alios vulga- tur; crime, like a plague, spreads amongst the well-dis- posed by c, licentia scelerum, quasi tabes, ad integros contactu procedit {S. Fragm. 1, 19, p. 220). See Con- tagiousness. CONTAGIOUS, pestilens. contagiosus {Veget.—but used in mod. Med.) : a c. disease, contagio (un-C'l. con- tagium) morbi. — pestilentia. — vulgatus in homines morbus {of one that has proved itself c, L.). A c. ex- ample, contactus (e. g. ceterae legiones contactu bellum meditabantur, T.). CONTAGIOUSNESS, contactus (e. g. dominations, T.). — contagio {e. g. criminis ; illius sceleris ; turpitu- dinis). — contagiones {e. g. Graeciam evertit contagio- nibus malorum, C). — contagia, pi. {in poetry, and post- Aug. prose ; e. g. lucri, H., scelerum, Luc). CONTAIN, || To hold {as a vessel, $c), continere. (161) CON complecti. comprehendere. — habere (e. g. quid tandem habuit liber iste, quod, &c. what after all did the book c, which, fyc, see C. Brut. 4, 14) : to be contained in athg, qa re contineri ; in qa re inesse : to be contained in philosophical works, philosophorum libris contineri, (C). || Restrain ; to c. oneself, se tenere, cohibere, coercere or continere, potentem sui or mentis esse, compotem esse sui or mentis or animi. in potestate mentis esse : to be hardly able to c. ontself, vix se con- tinere posse, quin, &c, vix temperare sibi posse, quin, &c. : J can hardly c. myself, vix comprimor, quin, &c. {see Plant. Most. 1, 3, 46): to be unable to c. oneself, sui non potentem or sui impotentem esse ; sui non compotem esse ; also non apud se esse {to be beside oneself, e. g. prse iracundia, not to c. one's anger) : to c. one's anger, iram reprimere : not to c. one's anger, ira teneri : not to be able to c. one's anger, impotentem esse irae : to c. aby in his duty {Spenser), coercere qm et in officio continere ; to c. one's tears, lacrimas tenere. fletum reprimere. lacrimis temperare {C.) : one's laugh- ter, risum tenere, rontinere. Vid. Restrain. CONTAMINATE, contaminare. commaculare. in- quinare. — polluere. spurcare. conspurcare [Syn. in Defile]. — oblinere (e.g. parricidio oblltus, C). — fee- dare (to defile, to make foul). — violare (to dishonour, also to profane) : to c. oneself, se inquinare sordibus ; turpitudinis notam subire (to disgrace oneself) : to c. one's hands with blood, contaminare se sanguine (C.) : manus suas sanguine cruentare. to c. one's character by debauchery, vitam oblinere libidine. libi- dinibus inquinari: to c. one's glory, gloriam fcedare, infuscare : one's fame, famam inquinare : to c. the mind by all manner of wickedness, contaminare mentem omni scelere (L.) : to be contaminated, contaminari (e. g. par- ricidio) : contaminated with crime, flagitiis commacu- latus (T.) : to be contaminated by no crime, nullo crimine imbutum esse : not contaminated, inviolatus. CONTAMINATION, contaminatio. pollutio (both late). — macula, labes (blot; stigma). — contagio. contac- tus (contagious infection) : free from c, inviolatus (opp. pollutus). CONTEMN, see Despise. CONTEMPLATE, propr.) spectare.— contemplari (only of contemplating natural objects or works of art). — considerare (to examine or consider with refer- ence to forming a choice or decision : when applied to beauties of nature or art, consid. is an act of the under- standing, contemplari, of the feeling or imagination, Cff. C. Off. 1, 41, 147. Gell. 2, 21).— intueri (to fix one's eyes upon). — Jn. intueri et contemplari — contueri (to c. with fixed attention). — oculis collustrare or perlustrare (to survey carefully). — visere. invisere (to take a close view; esply of things that interest us, Gorenz, C. Fin. 5, 1, 1, p. 531 ). — perspicere (to look through and through ; examine carefully). — Jn. contueri perspicereque. — To c. eagerly, intently, $c, intentis oculis contemplari. impropr.) contemplari animo, or animo et cogitatione. considerare secum in animo, or simply contemplari or considerare, and Jn. contemplari et considerare. referre animum ad qd (to direct one's mind to any object); lus- trare animo, or ratione animoque. — perlustrare animo, or mente animoque. circumspicere mente. — perpen- dere, expendgre (weigh). — to c. athg with the utmost care, qd quam maxime intentis oculis, ut ajunt, acer- rime contemplari : to c. the thing as it really is, ad veri- tatem revocare rationem : to c. oneself, considerare se ipsum cum animo : contemplatione sui frui. CONTEMPLATION, contemplatio. consideratio. in- spectio (as well with the eyes as with the mind) : careful, minute c, conspectus (e. g. of nature, naturae). — re- peated or diligent, constant c, contemplationes (see Gorenz, C. Fin. 5, 19, 51): to be blind in the c. of things, caecum esse in contemplandis rebus : a careful and accurate c, magna ac diligens contemplatio (C.) : the c. of nature, consideratio contemplatioque naturae. || Meditation [vid.], meditatio. commentatio. — to be wrapt in c, multa cum animo suo cogitare : wrapt in c, mente in qa re defixus. in cogitatione defixus : worthy of c, contemplatione dignus. contemplandus. considerandus. visendus. — See Consideration. || To have athg in c , agitare also with (in) mente or animo — cogitare (with following inf.). — parare (to be pre- paring). — moliri (a great and difficult work).— id agere, ut, &c. : the c. of great undertakings, magnarum rerum agitatio. vid. Purpose. CONTEMPLATIVE, contemplativus (philosoph. 1. 1. Sen. Ep. 95, 10, philosophia contemplativa opp. ac- tiva). A c. life, degendae vitae ratio in contemplatione et cognitione rerum (divinarum) posita (C. Fin. 5, 4, 11): c. philosophy, philosophia contemplativa (Sen.), M CON or quae in rerum contemplatione versatur : to be a c. philosopher, or to lead a c. life, studium in contempla- tione rerum collocare {in a philos. sense) : c. studies or pursuits, studia cogitationis (C. Off. 1, 6, 19), or studia scientiae cognitionisque. CONTEMPLATOR, contemplator. fern, contempla- trix : animadversor {who watches athg, C. Off. 1, 41, 146 :) c. of nature, speculator venatorque naturae {C. N. D. 1, 30, in.). See also Observer. CONTEMPORARY, quod uno or uno et eodem tem- pore est or fit. To bee, eodem tempore, quo aliud, esse or fieri {of things). — 1| Of persons, aequalis ci or cs {living about the same time), or aequalis illorum tempo- rum, qui ejusdem aetatis est [Hg^coaevus, coaetaneus and contemporaneus, belong to declining Latinity]. — aby's c, cs or ci aequalis: a man's c.'s, ejusdem aeta- tis or temporis homines, cs aetas : nearly my c , meus fere aequalis : a celebrated c. of his was Protagoras, simul floruit Protagoras : Alcibiades, Critias, and The- ramenes, were almost c.'s, eidem aetati suppares Alci- biades, Critias, Theramenes : Socrates was not under- stood by his c.'s, Socratem aetas sua parum intellexit ; Socrates ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligeba- tur. C. h istory, bistoria nostra; aetatis ; or nostri (illius, sui, &c.) temporis (v. Lamprid. Anton. Diadum, fyc). — earum rerum historia, quae nostra aetate, or ipsius astate, or ilia aetate gestae sunt (v. C. Brut. 83, 286) : a writer of c. history, qui scribit (scripsit, &c.) historiam earum rerum, quae sunt ipsius aetate gestae (C. Brut. 83, 28(5), or historiam sui temporis. CONTEMPT, contemptio. contemptus.— despicien- tia {a looking down with c. upon aby) ; Jn. contemptio et despicientia. — spretio (a disdaining, L. 40, 5) [Syn. in Despise]. — A proud c. of others, fastidium : to fall into c, in contemptionem adduci {by athg, qa, re); in contemptionem venire {with aby, ci) : to be regarded with c, contemni {by aby, a qo) : to be an object of c. to aby, contemptui or despicatui {not despectui) esse ci: to draw c. upon aby, ci contemptum or contemp- tionem afferre : with c, or in c, contemptim. cum contemptu. cum fastidio: to speak of aby with c, con- temptim loqui de qo : to look down upon aby with c, despicere qm. — Sts the partcp. contemnens may serve {e. g. transibat contemnens ossa {passed them by with c, Propert. 3, 1, exlr.). ' In c. of athg,' by contemptus or neglectus in abl. absol. — he returned to Rome in c. of all my entreaties, contemptis or neglectis precibus meis Romam rediit : one who shows c, contemptor. /. con- temptrix. spretor. See Contemptuously. CONTEMPTIBLE, contemnendus {to be despised).— contemptus. despectus {despised, Syn. in Despise). — abjectus (worthless); Jn. contemptus et abjectus. — vilis (mean, e. g. honour). — [g^° Not contemptilis, despicabilis or aspernabilis]. — c. in the eyes of all the rest, abjectus or contemptus or despectus a ceteris: a c. fellow, homo despicatissimus. homo contemptissimus, or contemptissimus et despectissimus : to become c, in contemptionem venire or adduci : to render c, con- temptum or contemptionem afferre ci. in contemptio- nem adducere qm : to render aby c. in aby's eyes, afferre ci contemptionem apud qm : to be c, contemptui or despicatui (not despectui) esse. CONTEMPTIBLY, abjecte.— humiliter. illiberaliter (meanly). — timide. ignave (in a cowardly manner). — serviliter. muliebriter (like a slave or woman: all C). To behave c, *humilem or illiberalem se praebere (meanly). CONTEMPTUOUS, contemnens: c. behaviour, fas- tidium. superbia. — insolentia. See Proud, Haughty. CONTEMPTUOUSLY, contemptim : to speak c. of aby, contemptim loqui de qo : to look down c. upon aby or athg, despicere qm or qd, or despicatui habere or de- spicatum habere : he passed by the bones of the dead c, transibat contemnens ossa (Prop. 3, 1, extr.): to think c. of aby, male de qo opinari (see Bremi, Suet. Oct. 51): to treat aby c, *qm contemptim tractare. qm contem- nere (or despicere) et pro nihilo ducere. — despicere et pro nihilo putare. CONTEND, 1| C. with=fight;seeToCoMBAT. || Fig. (in argument), impugnare. oppugnare. To c.agst aby's views, cs opinioni repugnare. — certare cum qo de qa re (to endeavour to get the better of an antagonist in argu- ment). — concertare (of two endeavouring to do so alter- nately, cum qo de qa re). — contendere verbis or jurgio (c. violently, in a quarrelsome manner, cum qo). — de- certare (to bring to a decision by argument or words). — altercari cum qo (to have an altercation with aby) : con- troversiam habere (to have a dispute or difference, before a court or elsewhere), with aby, cum qo, about athg, de ilem, firmum, esse : to be of short c, non diu ma- nere or stare; fragilem, caducum fluxum esse. RgggT ' A long c. of athg ' may often be translated by diuturnus with the word that in English follows 'of — a long c. of peace, labour, $c, diuturna pax; diutur- nus or diutinus labor; a long c. of wretched health, diuturna perturbatio totius valetudinis. — This joy was not of long c, haec laetitia non nimis diuturna fuit (Np.): this emotion is generally of no very long c, haec perturbatio animi plerumque brevis est, et ad tempus (C). — they maintain the c. of the human soul after death, aiunt animos post mortem manere or re- manere. — For a c, diu : to please for a c, diu placere. || Perseverance. Vid. || Abode. Vid. CONTINUATION. || Act of continuing athg: Crcl. by verbs under Continue : for the c. of the spe- cies, ad genus faciendum (Just.). || Continuance. Vid. || Continuation (i. e. later portion) of a narrative, fyc: reliqua pars. *quod reliquum est [fiSp continuatio not Lat. in this sense] ; the c. is to follow, reliqua deinceps persequemur (as promise of the author, C). — plura, alia or quaedam sequentur, addentur, subjicientur (Kraft). — As a title or heading, ' Continuation' may be translated by *pars or parii- cula altera, tertia, &c. (as the case may be ; Krebs) ; or by *res instituta porro tractatur or pertractatur. *porro or amplius tractatur eadem res, or de eadem re (Krebs). CONTINUE, tr.) || To go on with athg: facere qd pergo. — exsequi, esply persequi qd (to carry it through till the proposed end is reached: e.g. an under- taking, incepta exs. or pers. : enmity, inimicitias per- sequi). — ci operi instare (to carry it on with activity and spirit).— perseverare in re or with inf. (to carry it on with pertinacity, perseverance : to c. the war, perseve- rare in bello, or persev. bellare : the siege, perseverare in obsidione). — extendere (to lengthen ; e. g. athg to midnight, qd ad mediam noctem ; the battle to night- fall, pugnam ad noctem. L.). — propagare (to prolong; e. g. aby's command for another year, propag. ci impe- rium in annum, L.). — producere (to draw out; to lengthen : e. g. sermonem in multam noctem). — conti- nuare or non intermittere qd (to carry on without inter- ruption: e. g. opus, Cces.). — ggg£" Never use conti- nuare unless the action has been uninterrupted : to c. after an interruption is pergere qd facere. — ' to c. a journey ' may be iter continuare (Cces.), or iter non intermittere, if it is uninterrupted ; but to c. it after a halt (= to resume it) must be pergere conficere iter reliquum (C); iter persequi; to c. a drinking bout for two days and two nights, contin. perpotationem biduo duabusque noctibus (Plin.) ; to c. one's studies, literarum studia tenere or persequi ; to c. the war (vid. perseverare above), bellum persequi or (after an interruption) bellum renovare, instaurare (Krebs aft. Dietrich). — The work is continued without any inter- mission through the whole of the night, nulla pars noc- turni temporis ad laborem intermittitur (Cces.): that the work might be continued without the slightest inter- ruption, ne quod omnino tempus ab opere intermittere- tur (Id.). — Athg has been continued by athg up to this day, qd usque ad hoc tempus qa, re continuatum per- mansit (C.) : to c. a subject, ea, quae restant, persequi (C). — 'The same subject continued' (as the heading of an article in a review, fyc), *res instituta porro trac- tatur or pertractatur (vid. Continuation). || To ex- tend in an unbroken line (of extension in space), continuare (e. g pontem, T. ; so Milton : ' a bridge From Hell continued'), extendere (stretch out; e. g. of the lines of an army ; cornua ; aciem ; agmen ad mare, Curt.).— 1| To retain; to persevere in a custom, in the habitual performance of athg, fyc, tenere ; retinere. — servare (all opp. rejicere). — to c. a barbarous custom, retinere (illam) immanem ac barbaram consuetudinem (e. g. hominum immolando- rum, C.) ; you c. your old ways and character, morem antiquum atque ingenium obtines (Ter.); to c. one's kindness to aby, *pergere benigne or comiter qm trac- f;are; *pergere beneficia in qm conferre; *pergere (164) CON benevolentiam ci praestare ; aby c.'s his kindness to me, obtineo cs benevolentiam (gratiam, humanitatem, &c); cs gratiam mihi retineo; cs benevolentiam tueor ; to c. one's intimacy with aby, in consuetudine cum qo permanere. CONTINUE, intr.) || To last; manere. perma- nere. — durare. — stare (to last long without being shaken or overthrown: regnum stetit, L. ; qui si steterit idem, C). — perstare (in the same sense as stare : nihil est toto, quod perstet, in orbe, O.). — integram manere (to last without being injured, spoilt, fyc.).— (Iggp" Te- nere in the sense of lasting ' occurs in L . only of tnewr iters of the golden age : the rain continued all night, imber per totam noctem tenuit.] I am your fiend, and shall c. to be so, et sum et ero semper tibi amicus ; «me semper tui studiosum habebis. If my health c.'s good, si sanitas constabit (Phcedr.). — To c. long, diuturnum esse: the battle continued without any pause for five hours, horis quinque continenter pugnatum est. Obs. qd non intermittit may be followed by in fin. — The weather c.'s, year after year, to be fine at the proper sea- son, non intermittit suo tempore caelum nitescere (C). || Abide: manere (e.g. with aby, apud qm). — morari (e. g. hie; in provincia; Romae). — commorari (e. g. at Rome, Romae; with aby, apud qm; in those parts, circum isthaec loca). — sustinere se in qo loco (to stop there, fm thinking it dangerous to proceed, #c. till cer- tain intelligence is obtained. Fid. CAM. 10, 2, in.). — || To continue in athg: manere (e.g. in amicitia, voluntate, &c). — stare (to remain unshaken: stare in sententia, L. : also with abl. only; suis judiciis stare, C). — perstare (e. g. in sententia, Cces. ; in incepto, L.). perseverare. — constare (e. g. in sententia). — consistere. persistere (Vid. Herz. Cces. B. G. 5, 36). CONTINUED, continuatus. — As adj. continuus. continens. — perpetuus, assiduus. perennis. [Syn. in Continual, vid.] A c. stream (of persons), conti- nens agmen (e. g. migrantium). — A c. fever, febris continens (Cels.), perpetua (Plin.); c. sleep, somnus continens; c. labour, labor continens (Cces.), assiduus (C). In consequence of the long-c. rains, contin uatione imbrium (Cces.). CONTINUITY, continuatio. — continuitas (very rare: Varro; of the spine, spinae, Plin.). — perpetuitas (un- interrupted continuance in any course). CONTINUOUS, continens. continuus. CONTORT, contorquere (used esply of whirling round, hurling, fyc. weapons ; but also of other bodies ; globum, tantum corpus, currura, amnem). — distor- quere. depravare (distort, twist in an unnatural, un- pleasing manner; with os, oculos, labra, &c). — Con- torted, contortus. Jn. contortus et deflexus. — dis- tortus (e. g. vultus. crura), depravatus (oculi, crura). CONTORTION, contortio (the swinging round: dex- trae). — distortio. depravatio (both of the mouth: also distort, membrorum). — Jn. distortio et depravatio. CONTOUR, extremes lineae ; extremitas picturae (Plin.): to draw a c, extrema corporum facere (or pingere), et desinentis picturae modum includere (Plin. 35, 10, 36) ; primas lineas ducere ; primis lineis designare qd (sketch, Q.). CONTRABAND, vetitus. C. goods, «vetitae mer- ces. — To import c. goods, *clam importare or invehere ; ♦merces vetitas importare ; rempublicam fraudare portorio ; a dealer in c. goods, *merces vetitas impor- tans (of the importer). *qui mercaturam vetitam facit. CONTRACT, locatio. conductio (the conductor stipu- lates to receive fm the locator a certain sum, merces, for the performance of some work, e. g. the erection of a building, or in consideration for the use and enjoyment of a thing to be returned. In the case of buildings, the contractor was called redemptor). redemptio (building- c, or c. for the performance of a work) ; redemptura (only L. 23, 48, redempturis augere patrimonium, and Ulp.). — conditio (the stipulated terms). — For the gene- ral terms, pactum, pactio ; conventus, conventum, pactum conventum ; conditio atque pactum, vid. Com- pact. — The contract, lex locationis or conductionis (the terms of it), tabulae locationis (the c. itself, for wch locatio is used melon. Alt. 1, 17, 3). — "tabulae conduc- tionis or conductio (for the conductor). — syngrapha (the deed, as signed by both parties) : the portico was re- stored by c, porticus locatione reficiebatur (C); they complained that the c. was too high, questi sunt, se nimium magno conduxisse : to cancel a c, locationem inducere (C). pactionem rescindere (C): the c. was thrown up, renuntiata est tota conductio (C. Verr. \, 6, 17, ed. Zumpt. al. conditio): to undertake the c, opus redimere (e. g. navem fabricandam, Ulp.), or CON eonducere {e. g. columnam faciendam, C, the person fin whom it is taken, de qo). By the terms of the c, ex conductione ; ex lege locationis. — the amount of the c, the sum specified in the c., locarium {the sum wch the lessor fixes and receives; but Varr., L. L. 5, 15, seems to confine it to the sum paid for a shop, stall, Sec, quod datur, in stabulo et taberna ubi consistant, Lib. 5, 15). — merces, mercedula {the sum to be paid by a lessee, rent, fyc). — vectigal {as income, revenue, 8cc. of the lessor, fyc.).— *pretium conducti. The faithful observance of c.'s, rerurn contraetarum fides (C. Off. 1, 5, 2.) In every c, in omni re contrahendi (C. Off. 2, 18) ; in con- cluding c.'s, in contrahendis negotiis {C. Off 2, 11): to enter into a c. with aby, contrahere cum qo (C. Tusc. 5, 36': and Off. 2, 18,64). || Marriage-contract; pactio nuptialis; pactio matrimonii (T.).-The m.-c, tabulae nuptiales ; dotis tabellae. To conclude a m.- c, pactionem nuptialem facere (L.; to enter into it); dotis tabellas consignare {to sign it, of the actual sign- ing and sealing) ; to violate a m.-c., tabulas nuptiales rumpere. CONTRA'CT, v. || Draw together into a smaller compass: contrahere {g. t. — the limbs; membra [opp. porrigere] ; — supercilia [opp. deducere] ; collum [opp. tendere] ; frontem [ = to wrinkle it, C] : a speech, orationem [opp. summittere] {into the space of a few books, in paucos libros). — constringere {to bind together, then fig. = to compress ; a speech; chain of reasoning, Sfc). — astringere {to compress tightly: opp. solvere; e.g. the hands: then of cold, medicines, and finally of compressing a speech). — coartare {to force into a narrow space; iter, viam). — colligere {e. g. orbem, of troops). — coangustare {rare : Hist. Varr. ; to c. a pipe, tube, 8cc, fistulam, Cels.). — 1| Draw together upon ourselves ; hence form, incur, %c, contrahere, (g. t. — in nearly all the meanings of the Engl, verb: thus, contr. amicitiam, C. ; morbum, Plin. ; saginam corporis, Just.; aes alienum, C. ; matrimonia, Suet.). — colligere {e. g. the habit of endurance, usum patiendi, O.). To c. an intimacy with aby, recipere qm in fami- liaritatem. consuetudinem facere cum qo [Ig^lT not contrahere familiaritatem cum qo, Krebs], — to c. an illness, contrahere adversam valetudinem; fm or by athg, qa re ; contrahere causam valetudinis ex qa re (e. g. ex profluvio alvi, Suet.), morbum nancisci : to c. debts, aes alienum contrahere, facere, conflare : rust, robiginem trahere {Plin.), fm any cause, qa re ; to e. a habit, facere sibi morem (qd faciendi : but this implies more exercise of will than to ' contract :' vid. col- ligere above). To c. a marriage, in matrimonium ire, matrimonium contrahere. — More under the substantt. with wch 'contract' is used. \\ To con- tract aby to another {in m arriage) ; spondere or despondere ci qm [@g^~ desponsare, late]. — to be contracted to aby, ci desponderi : contracted to aby, sponsa or desponsa ci. [| To shorten syllables by abridgement, contrahere (contrahi duo verba dicuntur, quum in priore ultima vocalis eliditur, quia sequens verbum a vocali incipit, ad hiatum evitan- dum; item sine vocalibus brevitatis causa ; utmulti' modis. Singula etiam verba contrahi dicuntur, ut quum bis dicitur pro duis, ala pro axilla. Schiitz, Lex. Cic.).— imminuere verbum {C. Or.M, 157; e.g. nosse for novisse). — duas syllabas in unam cogere {to c. two syllables into one : aft. Q.). — excutere syllabam {to throw out a syllable ; as dixti for dixisti; depren- dere for deprehendere, Q.). || Render contracted (■^narrow): to narrow; coangustare {propr. e.g. fis- tulam. See above). — *angustum reddere. To c. the mind, *animum angustum or parvum et exiguum red- dere [JsJ^fT contrahere animum is to make it sad ; to distress it]. CONTRACT, v. intr.) se contrahere (e. g. the lungs, pulmones -.—also of animals).— se astringere, astringi (of the intestines). CONTRACTED {as adj.), contractus, contractus et angustus. — angustus {narrow). C. means or circum- stances, angustiae rei familiaris. tenuitas. — contracta paupertas {H.). \\ As an epithet of the mind : angustus {narrow ; animus, C): minutus et angustus (C.).— parvus (C); parvus exiguusque (/. little). — tenuis (e. g. animus, ingenium). — imbecillus {weak). CONTRACTEDNESS, of mind; angustus animus et parvus ; pectoris angustiae, CONTRACTIBLE, CONTRACTIBILITY ; Crcl. by verbs : se contrahere or se contrahere posse ; con- trahi posse ; constringi, coartari, coangustari, &c, posse. CONTRACTION, contractio (g. t. digitorum [opp. remissio or porrectio] ; brachii [opp. projectio] ; super- (165) CON ciliorum fopp. remissio] ; frontis [opp. remissio] ).— con- strictio (the binding together; hence, of the intestines by medicine: late). — coartatio (of tubes, 8ec, opp. laxatio, Vitr.). — 1| C. in words, writing, 8cc, verborum nota. (scripturae) compendium. — [Obs. notae are any conventional marks or signs that stand for a word; thus, Augustus, when he wrote per notas, used b for a, c for b, #c, and aa for z, Suet. Oct. 64.]— coitus sylla- barum (as vitasse for vitavisse, Q. 9, 4, 69).— [ gpT correptio is ' the shortening' a syllable: opp. productio.] To write with c.'s, *per compendia scribere. — notare (opp. perscribere, cf Bremi, Suet. Oct. 64). CONTRACTOR, contrahens (g. t.).— paciscens (who makes a c. or agreement). — conductor, redemptor (who undertakes to supply articles, e.g. for an army, opp. loca- tor, he who offers the c. to others : redemptor esply of a c. for a building). gj§p° parSchus. praebf tor were per- sons who provided certain necessary articles for Roman citizens, travelling in an official character. This praeb. (in C. Off. 2, 15, 53) is probably an attempt to translate the Greek ndpoxov. CONTRADICT, obloqui, aby, ci.— contra dicere (absolute; to speak against athg ; contradicere ci or ci rei, vias not used before the silv. age). — adversari (to oppose : ci : to c. every body, adversari semper omni- bus, C). — impugnare qd (to assail, e.g. an opinion, sententiam). — repugnare (to fight against, oppose, e. g. ci rei or contra qd). — To c. in a noisy manner, obstre- pere : to c. with a loud voice, reclamare : to c. one another, obloqui (of persons), inter se pugnare or re- pugnare or discrepare or dissidere (to differ, to be incon- sistent with each other, 8ec: of opinions) : to c. oneself, secum pugnare (g. t.) ; pugnantia loqui (to say contra- dictory things) ; a se dissidere. sibi dissentire. sibi non constare (of persons who do not abide by a statement they have made: e. g. of a witness, Sec.) : they (the wit- nesses) contradict one another, non congruentia respon- dent. CONTRADICTION, a) as action: contradictio (post-Aug.). — reclamatio (loud c. uttered). — the spirit of c, *obloquendi or obloquendi et repugnandi libido; concertationis studium (C de Divin. 1, 30, 62). — without c, nullo obloquente (nobody contradicting) ; beyond (all) c, sine dubio(C); procul dubio (£.); haud dubie (S. L.). non dubie (C. rare: all, without doubt); sine (ulla) controversia. — to meet with c, impugnari ; non omnibus probari (of statements): to meet with no e.,non impugnari; omnibus probari (also of statements) : to meet with violent c, acriter or graviter impugnari : to bear no c, non pati sibi qm obloqui (of persons) ; to admit of no c, nihil dubitationis habere : infirmari non posse ; cer- tum, evidentem esse (opp. dubium esse, of things; e.g. evidence, Sec). — b) as state: discrepancy, incon- sistency: repugnantia. pugna. — discrepantia (dis- crepancy, e. g. scripti et voluntatis). — diversitas (great diversity between things, as Tac. Germ. 15, 3: mira diversitas naturae). — to stand in c. to athg, ci rei repug- nare or adversari ; cum qa. re pugnare or discrepare ; abhorrere a qa re (e. g. a vita hominum et a moribus) : to stand in c. to each other, inter se pugnare or repug- nare or discrepare or dissidere. See ' to be at variance with,' under Variance. There is a c. between these statements, haec inter se repugnant, non cohaerent. A monster made up of c.'s, monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis con- flatum (C. Ccel. 5, extr.) CONTRADICTIOUS, cui mos est, adversari semper omnibus (C). CONTRADICTOR, obloquens [oblocutor, only Plant. Mil. 3, 1, 48]. — contra dicens [contradictor only in forensic Latin]. CONTRADICTORILY, repugnanter (C. ; but opp. to patienter). contrarie. diverse. CONTRADICTORY, contrarius.— pugnans, repug- nans (of things). — diversus (quite different). — disparatus (in logic, vid. C. de Invent. 1, 28, 42).— obloquens (of persons contradicting). C. things, 8ec, quae inter se pugnant, repugnant, sunt contraria (C): c. assertions, statements, Sec, *verba, quae inter se repugnant or non cohaerent. C. laws, leges contrariae (Q.) : to be c, inter se pugnare or repugnare. — in maxima inconstan- tia versari (of opinions, C. N. D. 1, 16, 42). — To issue c. decrees, contrarium decernere atque (paullo ante) decreverat. See Contrary. CONTRADISTINCTION, Crcl. by quod cs rei con- trarium est; quod a qa re toto genere disjungo, or dis- junctum esse volo; or aliud enim [hoc]— aliud [illud] esse volo. Virtues in c. to vices, vitia, quae sunt vir- tutum contraria (C.) : the refinement of those who reside in towns, in c. to the rudeness of those who live in the CON country, urbanitas, cui contraria est rusticitas [C. uses the gen. after contrarius]. National laiv in c. to civil law (jus gentium), aliud enim jus gentium, aliud jus civile esse volo. What is right in c. to what is expe- dient, honest a, quae a commodis non nomine, sed ge- nere toto disjungo or disjungenda sunt (cf. C. de Nat. 1, 7, 16). CONTRADISTINGUISH, non nomine, sed genere toto disjungere (qd a qa re, C. de Nat. I, 7, 15).: — quod cs rei contrarium esse volo. — See Contradistinc- tion. CONTRARIETY, repugnantia. pugna.— discrepan- tia (want of agreement, inconsistency ; e.g. scripti et voluntatis).— (mira) diversitas [Iggp contrarietas late; Macrob. Somn. Scip. 2, 14, Sid.]. CONTRARILY; c. to, contra (e.g. to the law, legem). — contrarie. in contrarias partes (in opposite directions) : 'to be carried so contrarily' (Locke), distrahi in con- trarias partes (C); contra ea (on the other hand. Not C.biit Cces.). CONT K AR1WISE, ex or e contrario [not vice versa]. Vid. ' on the Contrary.' CONTRARY, contrarius. — adversus (propr. opp. to one who is looking at it; then impropr. in rhetoric, of notions opposed to each other in the same species ; as, sapientia and stultitia, C. Top. 11, 47; but also for contrarius, generally, vid. C. Or. 19, 56 [compared with 39, 135], and Gell. 16, 8). — oppositus (placed opposite ; opposed to ; of the action ; but not in the sense of ' con- trary,' ' the opposite.' — |g^°contraria cum Cicerone appello, quae barbari opposita, Muret. On the mean- ing of oppositum and antithesis, see Opposite, s.) — diversus (the diversa will have nothing in common, and ■go different or even opposite ways from each other; whereas the contraria confront and stand directly oppo- site to each other ; hence, diversa aut etiam contraria, Dod.). — Sts alienus (a) qa, re (inconsistent with).— dis- paratus (contradictory, vid. C. Invent. 1, 28, 42). — C.to each other, contrarii inter se. — To be of a c. opinion, dissentire, dissidere a qo or inter se ; even here some are of a c. opinion, id ipsum nonnullis secus videtur. On this subject, authors are of c. opinions, discrepat inter scriptores, or (if they are not merely writers, but the great supporters of an opinion) inter auctores. Obs. ' To be c. to athg,' is mly contra qd esse (e. g. contra naturam, contra officium esse, to be c. to nature, to duty). A c. wind, ventus adversus : to have the wind c, vento adverso navigare; ventus (naviganti) ci adversum tenet: to have c. winds, ventis adversis uti. Every virtue has its c. vice, omni virtuti vitium contrario nomine opponitur (C). In a c. direction, in contrarias partes (e. g. fluere, to flow back, of streams, C. Div. 1, 35) ; contrarie (e. g. procedere, of the stars, C). — IJgjpi" Contrarius is often followed by ac [Pr. In- trod. ii. 183, 206] : to move in a c. direction to that of the heavens, versari contrario motu atque ccelum. || Used as virtually an adverb [fm being referred to the subject, or to the whole affirmation]. Mly by praeter. C. to the laws of God and man, praeter jus fasque : c. to aby's wish, praeter cs voluntatem : c. to expectation, praeter opinionem : c. to one's hopes, praeter spem. secus ac speraveram [on contra, see next Obs.] : c. lomy wishes, praeter optatum meum (e. g. accidit qd). — [jiggf contra with spem, exspectationem, consuetudi- nem is rare, for praeter (Krebs) ; it is, however, quite Class. ; contra opinionem, Cces. S. ; exspectatio- nem, Hirt. ; spem, S. L.]—To act c. to, negligere qd (e. g. legem, consuetudinem) ; migrare qd (e. g. jus civile) ; to a precept, directions, <§-c, extra praescriptum egredi ; to one's promise, fidem non servare ,• ridem frangere. Contra is often used with atque or quam and a verb : c. to his expectations, contra atque ratus erat : c. to the opinion he had himself delivered, contra quam ipse censuerat [Hand rejects Herzog's distinction, that contra ac compares, contra quam heightens and excludes] : c. to what is the custom with us, contra atque apud nos. CONTRARY, used as subst. — contrarium. pars con- traria, contraria, pi. [|^^° diversum, in this sense, be- longs to the age of T. On oppositum and antithesis, see 'The Opposite.']: my views are the very c. of these, mini contra videtur (S. Jug. 85, 1, but Kritz has contra ea). |^^° (1) ' The contrary' is mly translated by the adj. contrarius, in concord ; sts in the neut. — e. g. hujus virtutis contraria est vitiositas ; fi.Ientiae contrarium est difhdentia: both C. (2) ' The contrary to what, #c.' is contrarium ac or atque : e. g. to decree the very c. of what he had decreed a little before, con- trarium decernere, atque paullo ante decreverat, C. — To do the very c. of what, fyc, contra facere ac (atque) (166) CON or quam. (gSjgT As opposed to an adj., it must be trans- kited by contra : whether he is happy or the c, utrum felix sit, an contra: some things seem probable, others the c, aliae res probabiles videntur, alias contra. || On the c, ex contrario. e contrario [Sg^' Gorenz and Bremi say, that contrario has no authority; that ex contrario is used by C; e contrario by Np. and Q. ; but e contrario is found C. de Fin. 2, 12, 36 : ad Herenn. 1, 10, 17 ; 2, 11, 16. Hand thinks that ex contrario = ex altera parte contraria; e contrario = contra, vol. ii. 631]: contra (on the other hand ; on thee). — contra ea (Cces. L., and esply Np. who very seldom uses contra alone. Freund.) Ifcjf^" In many cases, where the anti- thesis need not be so strongly marked, it is enough to use at, attamen, autem. — Far Jrom — on the c, tantum abest, ut ut, or (L.) ut contra: whereas on the c, quod contra; as — so on the c. ut — sic contra; ut — sic ex contrario (Cces. B. G. 7, 30) : for on the c, nam contra: but on the c, atqui contra; sed contra; at contra; or contraque after a neg. (e.g. non enim tua ulla culpa — contraque summa laus, quod, &c, C.) : not only not — but on the c, non modo non — sed contra : not that — but on thee, non quo— sed contra (e. g. non quo acui — ingenia adolescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia ob- tundi nolui, C.) : and on the c, et contra, contraque, or on the c, vel contra: if on the c, si ex contrario (C). || On the c. (in answers of dissent), imo. imo vero, imo enim vero. imo potius. CONTRAST, || In painting, architecture, %c, asperitas (relief ; sharp c, opp. monotonous smoothness ; e. g. quum aspectus ejus scenae propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus, Vitr. 7, 5 ; ut aspectus propter asperitatem intercolumniorum haberet auctori- tatem, Id. 3, 3). — To form a pleasing c, propter asperi- tatem omnium visus eblandiri, or habere auctoritatem. ♦grata quadam asperitate placere [Kraft gives fm Doer. res inter se pugnantes, contrariae invicem se excipiunt or mire occurrunt, wch is not very happy]. A c. of colours, colorum varietas. dispXres colores (C. Fin. 2, 3, 10: varietas — proprie quidem in disparibus coloribus dicitur). There is too strong a c. of colours, colores nimis inter se discrepant. || Striking dis- similitude, diversitas. discrepantia. dissimilitudo. mira quaedam dissimilitudo. distantia (e g. between characters, morum ; pursuits, fyc, studiorum). A striking c, mira diversitas (e. g naturae). To form a c. with athg, ci rei repugnare ; cum qa, re pugnare or discrepare or multum discrepare : a striking c, a qS re abhorrere. There is a stt iking c. between his actions and his words, facta ejus cum dictis discrepant : there is a strange c. between such and such things, haec inter se discrepant. See Difference. CONTRAST, v. tr )— See Compare, intr.) dif- ferre (multum). discrepare (inter se; cum qa re, a qa re ; also in re, in anu respect). CONTR AVALLATION. To form lines of c, *mu- nimenta munimentis objicere, opponere (Kiaft). CONTRAVENE, contra qd esse, contrarium cs rei or ci rei esse (to contradict it). — ad vanum or ad irri- tum or ad vanum etirritum redigere (make of no effect). — adversari. repugnare (oppose, contradict). CONTRAVENTION, violatio (with gen. e. g. foede- ris) : to be in direct c. of athg, qd migrare or transcen- dere (to transgress, jus gentium, morem, ordinem naturae, &c). — violare (e. g. fcedus, jus gentium). Jn. migrare et non servare. — adversari, repugnare (to op- pose, contradict) : to act in c. of a law, legem migrare or violare or negligere. CONTRIBUTE, || To give money jointly with others, fyc, conferre, for any object, ad or in qd — pecuniam or stipem conferre. collationem facere (absol. to give a c). — atferre qd (C): to c. for a public pur- pose, for the common good, fyc, in commune, in pub- licum conferre: to c. to a feast, symbolam dare (Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 61) : to c. according to ones means, pro re sua or pro facultatibus conferre [ (@§p" contribuere pecuniam in C. Phil. 14, 14, extr. is now read attri- buere, to give an order on the exchequer for payment ;. in the sense of 'contribute,' it is found in the p o e t s of the Aug. age, butnot of money : e. g. of rivers con- tributing their waters, 0. Mel. 7,231; of contri- buting to another some years of one's ownlifp, Tib. 1,6, 64]. || To assist in effecting athg, conferre ad qd. — vim habere ad qd. valere ad qd or (stronger) multum valere ad qd. — prodesse or adjuvare ad qd (the latter also with ut).— also adjumento esse ci rei, cs rei or in re adjutorem or adjutricem esse (g. t. for affording any sort of help or assistance). — cs rei or ci rei esse ministrum or ministram (to supply the means of effecting it, in a bad sense ; to assist subordinatcly in CON effecting it) : to c. much, plurimum conferre or valere ad; magnum momentum afferre ad qd: to c. more to athg, plus momenti afferre ad qd (C.) : running brooks c. very much to the beauty of scenery, ad amcenitatem locorum salientes rivi plurimum conferunt (CO- CONTRIBUTION, collatio (act of contributing, e. g. coll. stipis aut decimae ; and ' contribution,' as thing ; in post-Aug. ivriters, the c.'s paid to the emperors). — collatus, us {late; Censor, quum tuo collatu scirem me plura didicisse). — *pecunia ad rem juvandam col- lata, data. — stips. col'.ecta, ag {money collected or con- tributed ; the former esply of what is begged ; the latter, at places if entertainment, fyc.). — symbbla (e. to a feast, Com.). — [g*gr contributio not used in this sense except in Dig. and JCtt., but coilatio, or, if a forced c, tribu- tum. pecuniae imperatae or exactae, &c, see Impost.] — To levy c.'s on the towns or stales, pecuniam a civita- tibus cogere : to exact the payment of their c.'s, pecu- nias exigere (with great strictness, &c, acerbissime) : to demand a c. from a guest, collectam a conviva exi- gere (C'O: to give a c, stipem conferre; (for a feast) symbolam dare. A c. to the expenses of a war, tribu- tum, unde belli impensaa tolerantur (aft. P/in. 12, 14, 32) : to pay c.'s, stipendium or tributum pendere : to refuse to pay their c.'s, stipendium or de stipendio recu- sare : to levy c.'s on a country, or put a country under c, regioni stipendium imponere, pecunias imperare, argentum in stipendium imponere. || Article con- tributed to a journal; to send many c.'s to the transactions of a literary society, *acta eruditorum multis accessionibus augere (Morus). CONTRIBUTOR, collator (prce- and post-Class.).— tributarius. stipendiarius (who paid tribute, %c). CONTRITE, *acerbissima pcenitentia afflictus. CONTRITION, || Act of rubbing to povjder, %c, attritio, attritus, us (attritus, Plin. Sen. ; attritio prps only Lamprid. and Marc. Capella; Freund). — To reduce athg to powder by c, quam minutissime commolere qd (to a very fine powder, Col. 12, 28, 1); qd conterere in pulverem (Plin.). || Deep sorrow for sin, *animus acerbissima pcenitentia afflictus t^^° contritio has the sufficient authority of Lactant. for Eccl. Latin. As distinguished fm 'attrition,' by Rom. Cuth. writers, *contritio, quam Pontificii vocant. The Roman Catholics distinguish c. fm attrition, •Pon- tificii aliud contritionem, aliud attritionem esse volunt]. So deep, or so sincere was his c., tanta vis erat pceni- tendi (Curt.). CONTRIVANCE, || As act, inventio.— excogitatio. — 1| As thing, inventum. res inventa (invention ; see C. Brut. 56, 205). — ars. artincium. macbina (trick, artful means ; in Com. techna, stropha, fm rexvr], o-rpo^fj). — machinatio (c. agst aby, in a bad sense). — To apply c.'s, adhibere macbinas (ad qd faciendum, C): to devise some c, commoliri dolum et machinam qm ; artificium quoddam excogitare: to ruin aby by one's c.'s, machinis labefactare or percellere qm (C). The Greeks are adepts in alt c.'s for getting money, Graeci omnes vias pecuniae norunt : a peculiar c. of one's own, quod qs per se invenit. — By aby's c, cs macbinis (e. g. to be ruined, labefactari) : cs opera (by aby's means or exertions); qo auctore. O cunning men! clever c! Ocallidos homines ! Orem excogitatam (C.)l || Scheme, plan, consilium. — ratio (means, method). — machina. machinatio. conatus (malicious, ill-na- tured c). To adopt, have recourse to, fyc. some c, con- silium capere, inire : agst aby, in consequence of athg, contra qm, de qa. re. Vid. Scheme, Plan. CONTRIVE, invenire. reperire (invent ; Syn. in Find). — excogitare (think out; c. as the result of thought). — coratninisci (devise, c, mly in a bad sense; not used of material objects). — machinari (to c. artificial means ; if agst a person, in a bad sense; but also used of the contrivances of nature). — moliri (something re- quiring great exertion, extensive combinations, 8fc; mly in a bad sense, qdmali, insidias or periculum ci). — facere or efficere (to c. to do athg ; with ut, wch in short sen- tences with facere is often omitted). C. to let me know, facito, ut sciam (C.) : c. to be at home, domi assitis facite : he contrived to get a surplus revenue, effecit, ut ex vectigalibus superesset pecunia, quae in aerario repo- neretur (Np.). I contrived to get the first place in the affections of them both, effeci, ut neutri illorum quis- quam esset me carior (C.) : to c. a plan for aby's de- struction, ad perniciem cs qd cogitare (Np. Dat. 6, 8) : to c. crafty devices, dolos nectere (£.), procudere (Plant.). CONTRIVER, inventor, excogitator. repertor( Poet. and post-Class.). — architectus et machinator (the c. of (167) CON any bad business, troubles, confusion, danger, C). — auctor. See Author. CONTROL, s. disciplina (c. of those who are teachers, including the state). — coercitio (right of c. over aby, in qm ; see Suet. Oct. 45). — moderatio (act of controlling, calming, e.g. mod. populi etfrenati). — potestas (power ; e. g. of parents). — ditio (power over one who is kept in subjection, or complete dependence). — To preserve or possess an absolute c. over aby, qm in mea potestate ac ditione teneo (C. Verr. 1, 37 ; of one who is the creature of another). — continere qm potestate sua (C.) : to be under the absolute c. of an individual, in unius potes- tate ac moderatione verti (of things that depend on his will, C.) : to have no c. over oneself or over one's mind; to have lost all self-c, exisse ex or de potestate (of those who, from last or rage, non sunt in potestate mentis, are not under the c. of reason, C. Tusc. 3, 5, 11). Any one has the absolute c. of athg, cs est summa potestas cs rei (e. g. rerum omnium, C); cs rei potes- tas omnis in qo sita est (C.) : to have the absolute c. of athg, cs rei (or cs rei faciendae) potestatem habere ; also, over aby, cs (e. g. Pontifices potestatem habent judicum, C.) : to be impatient of c, *alienae auctori- tatis impatientem esse. — sibi indulgere : parental c, potestas patris. — parentum disciplina : to exercise severe c. over aby, qm severius coercere ; tristiore dis- ciplina continere qm : to be under aby's c, esse in potestate cs or cs rei (e.g. Pompeii, mentis, C): to keep one's feelings and one's grief under strict c, motum animi et dolorem in sua potestate tenere (C.) : to sub- ject oneself or submit to aby's c, se sub cs potestatem subjicere (Auct. ad Her. 2, 31, in.): to give up one's power or right of c. over aby, ex potestate qm dimit- tere : to another person, omnem suam potestatem de qo tradere ci (C.) : to be under nobody's c, in sua potes- tate esse (esply of a Roman who is no longer under the c. of a father). || Counter -r egister, *rationes contra scriptae (aft. contrascriptor ration um, Inscr.). CONTROL, v. || Keep in check, inhibere (to c. a lifeless object), cohibere. reprimere. comprimere. sup- primere. — coercere. continere. — frenare. refrenare [Syn. in Restrain]. — moderari. temperare [Syn. in Govern]. — modum or moderationem adhibere ci rei or in qa re. — To c. oneself, se continere ; sibi tempe- rare ; sibi imperare ; animi potentem esse ; animum suum comprimere, coercere ; animo suo imperare : not to be able to c. oneself, intemperantem esse ; sui impo- tentem or non potentem esse ; sui non compotem esse ; animo suo imperare non posse : to c. one's anger or wrath, irae moderari or temperare ; iram tenere, con- tinere (opp. irae indulgere) ; iram reprimere : one's passions, cupiditates continere, coercere ; comprimere, frenare, domare ac frangere ; cupiditatibus modum facere ; appetitus contrabere ; perturbationes in an- gustum deducere (C. Acad. 1, 10, 38): to c. one's grief, dolori imperare ; dolorem in potestate tenere : to c. athg by strict laws, vincire qd severis legibus : not to be able to c. one's anger, ira teneri; impotentem esse irae: to c. one's tongue, linguae (or orationi) moderari; linguam continere ; modum tenere verborum : not to bear to be controlled, *alienae auctoritatis impatientem esse. || To c. accounts, *rationes contra scribere (aft. contrascriptor rationum, Inscr.). CONTROLLER, || One who keeps in check, governs, dominator cs rei (e.g. dom. rerum Deus, C). — moderator, gubernator. rector. Jn. rector et guber- nator (ruler, guide, 8,-c, esply of God). — repressor (one who represses, restrains; e. g. caedis quotidianae, C. ; tributorum, Eutrop.). — custos. curator (ovetseer, in- spector). || C. (or comptroller) of accounts, contra- scriptor rationum (Inscr.). CONTROVERSIAL, controversy et plenus dissen- sionis (C, of a subject). — pugnax et quasi bellato- rius (Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 7, pugnax hie et quasi bellato- rius stilus). — controversus (that wch is controverted ; e. g. jus controversum, C, also that is fond of c, quod esset acuta ilia gens et controversa natura, C.) [controversialis only Sid. : controversiosus, L. contr. res, a thing in dispute ; contr. res, Sen., a disputed point]. — C. theology, *theologioe eapars, quae se in dis- crepantium opinionum disceptatione jactat (Fr. Jacobs). — *theologia controversa (aft. jus controversum, C.) ; or *theologia controversa et plena dissensionis (aft. C). — *controversiae theologicae (aft. contr. scholasti- cae, Q). CONTROVERSIALIST, *qui se in discrepantium opinionum disceptatione jactat : a stout c, homo pcr- pugnax in disputando (C.) ; qui pugnacissime defendit suam sententiam. CON CONTROVERSY, controversia (the point about wch a contest takes place, the parties placing themselves in array on different sides). — disceptatio (aw amicable discussion, to arrive at what is true or right) : to decide or put an end to a c, controversiam tollere, sedare, dirimere, distrahere, also componere (Ca;s.) : to judge c.'s, controversias dijudicare : to leave a c. undecided, qd in controversia relinquere : a c. arises, oritur, ex- sistit, nascitur controversia : beyond all c, sine (ulla) controversia : to carry on the c. till «i^/^,controversiam usque ad noctem ducere : to have a c. with a thy, habere controversiam cum qo (de qa re) : the whole c. turns on this, de hac re omnis est controversia: 1 have no c. with liim, mihi cum eo controversiae nihil est : to keep a c. alive, controversiam alere [Cccs., but of a dispute). [Obs. Controversari inter vos de qa re, to hate a c. about a matter, occurs once in C. Fragm. ; but that is authority enough.'] \\ Subject of c, quaestio. res controversa. — causa (the subject proposed, Sfc), often Crcl. quod cadit in controversiam. The c. is this, agi- tur de, &c. . to become a subject of c, in controversiam venire : to be a subject of c, in controversia esse or versari : to make athg a subject of c, rem in (dicendi) controversiam vocare ; in controversiam adducere or (Ca?s.) deducere. CONTROVERT, impugnare, oppugnare: to c. suc- cessfully, see Refute. To c. aby's opinion, cs opinioni repugnare (C); cs sententiam impugnare (T.). CONTROVERTIBLE, quod in controversiam cadit or in controversiam vocari potest. — controversus (that is controverted, and therefore disputable, opp. confes- sus). Jn. dubius et controversus (e.g. res, C). — quod or de qo ambigitur (on wch people disagree). A c. point, res dubia et controversa (C); res de qua in utramque partem disputari potest (Sen. Ep. 88, who also uses, in utramque partem disputabilis ; wch admits of argu- ments for and agsl). [On controversiosus, see Contro- versial.] Not c, see Incontrovertible. CONTROVERTIST, see Controversialist. CONTUMACIOUS, contumax. pertinax [Syn. in Obstinacy ; contumax is also the proper legal term for one who disobeys the peremptory order of a court, Hermog. Dig. 42, 1, 53]. — imperium detrectans (resist- ing authority ; refractory). [ %*j£T refractariolus.^w.yraa- cious, once C. Att. 2, I, 3 ; but Orelli thinks the passage doubtful: refractarius once Sen.; praefractus is (1) rugged, of style ; opp. rotundus ; (2) harsh, unbending, praefractus et ferreus, C] CONTUMACIOUSLY, contumaciter. pertinaciter. — PSSF* not praefracte=' in a harsh, unbending manner, ' vid. C. Off. 3, 22] CONTUMACIOUSNESS,\contumacia (also, in the CONTUMACY, / legal sense, of disobeying an order of the court, 8ec). — pertinacia [Syn. in Obsti- nacy]. To be guilty of c. ( = i. e. of disobedience to the orders of a court), jus dicenti non obtemperare : to condemn aby with costs for c, contumaciam ejus, qui jus dicenti non obtemperat, litis damno coercere (Her- mog. Dig. 42, 1, 53) : to pronounce sentence agst aby, or nonsuit him, for c, *in contumaciaepcenam or contuma- ciae nomine absentem damnare (Bau.). CONTUMELIOUS, contumeliosus (of persons and things; inqare: adversus qm).— probrosus (attacking one's moral character). — C. language, contum. dicta (S.) or verba (Q.); verborum contumeliae [Obs. igno- miniosa dicta, in connexion with immunda dicta, H. A. P. 247, not=' contumelious language']. To assail aby with c. language, contumeliam jacere in qm ; verborum contumeliis lacerare qm ; contumelia qm insequi : to overwhelm aby with c. language, contumeliis operire atque opprimere qm ; vexare qm omnibus contumeliis : to look upon athg as c. to me, in meam contumeliam qd verto. CONTUMELIOUSLY, contumeliose (C. ; also, -ius, -issime). CONTUMELIOUSNESS, see Contumely. C. of language, contumeliosa dicta or verba ; verborum con- tumeliae. CONTUMELY, contumelia (a wrong done to aby's honour). — [For kindred meanings, see Insult, Af- front, 8;c.] To suffer or bear c, contumelias pati. [|^^° C mocks M. Anlonius for using contumeliam facere ; but Freund observes, that it is not very clear why ; whether because it was an archaism, or because it is used in the sense of contumelia affici, aft. analog, of jacturam facere. — Contumeliam facere ci, is used by Ter.] To assail aby with c, see under Contume- lious. CONTUSE, elidere (e. g. the foot, pedem).— contun- CON dere (c. g. qm fustibus, pugnis ; cs faciem palma, Juv.). obterere (by trampling on it). — sugillare (to strike on the face, so as to leave a bruise; Cf. Schneid. Gr. Lex. on i/irwntov). CONTUSION, compressio. contusio (as act).— con- tusum (Scrib. Comp. 209 ; Plin. 29, 6, 39, &c); *mem- bri pars elisa (as thing ; the injured limb). CONVALESCENCE, sanitas restituta, or (Just.) re- cuperata. — inclinata in melius valetudo (incipient c, when the disease has taken a good turn). — valetudo con- firmata or a morbo confirniata ; but as these rather denote ' recovery,' it is better to use Crcl. with convales- cere. [ 8$£J|~ convalescentia, late; Symmach.] To assure aby of Ids speedy c, dicere ci, fore ut perbrevi conva- lescat. CONVALESCENT, Crcl.— To be c, convalescere. — morbum (e. g. quartanam) passum convalescere (viresque integras recuperare) ; recreari e or a morbo ; sanitatem recipere ; evadere e morbo ; ex incommoda valetudineemergere ; sanum fieri e morbo ; melius ci factum est ; qs melius se habet (is better). To be quite c, plane convalescere : to be slowly c, tarde conva- lescere or paullatim sanitatem recipere (Just.). [See Recover.] [l^glT convalescere ex or de morbo; not, with Muretus, a morbo : the simple abl. after it denotes the means by wch the convalescence has been brought about]. To assure aby that he will very soon be c, dicere ci, fore, ut perbrevi convalescat. He is almost c. already, inclinata jam in melius aegri valetudo est. CONVENE, || C o n v oke; con vocare.— toe. a meeting or assembly, concilium convocare ; qos ad concilium (or ad concionem, L.) convocare; concionem vocare, advo- care. || To summon judicially (Ayliffe), citare (summon to appear, e. g. before a court). — qm evocare, excire (on the part of magistrates). — in jus vocare. in judicium arcessere (before a court of justice). — Intr.) see Assemble, intr.) CONVENIENCE, commoditas. commodum. — oppor- tunitas (convenient nature of athg with ref. to time and place). — (In a house) one must consider c. and beauty, est adhibenda commoditatis dignitatisque diligentia (C. Off. 1, 39, 138) : with these faults it has this great c, in his vitiis inest ilia magna commoditas (C. Rep. 2, 4) : the c.'s of life (opp. to its necessaries), commoditas vitae ; commoda, ornamenta vitae. — vitae cultus (of refined, civilized life) ; — also usus only (see Herzog. Cces. B. G. 6, 24). — Conveniences, commoditates ; commoda ; op- portunitates. At your c, or, if it suits your c, si com- modum tibi erit ; quod commodo tuo fiat ; quum com- modum tuum erit : but only if it suits your c, tuo tamen commodo; or sed tamen quod commodo tuo fiat; I would wish you to come as soon as ever it suits your c, tu, quod commodo tuo fiat, quam primum velim venias : from considerations of c, commodi causa. — See Convenient. CONVENIENT, || Fit, suitable, commodus.— op- portunus (esply with ref. to situation ; then also fm the time of its occurrence, its age, fyc). — aptus (fit). — accom- modatus (ad qd; or ci rei, adapted to it).— idoneus (fit, c. fin its natural properties). Jn. opportunus et idoneus; commodus et idoneus ; habilis et aptus. — appositus ad qd (e.g. well adapted for ; menses ad agendum maxime appositi, C). Sts expeditus (offering no difficulties; e.g. via). — Verge, percommodus ; peridoneus ; peropportu- nus (ci rei or ad qd) : a c. dress for running in, vestis commoda ad cursum. — If it is c. to you, si commodum tibi erit : but only if it is c. to you, tuo tamen commodo ; sed tamen quod commodo tuo fiat : I will not claim it till it is c. to you, non exigam, nisi commodo tuo : when it is c. to you, quum tuum erit commodum : come as soon as ever it is c. to you, tu, quod commodo tuo fiat, quam- primum velim venias : see him yourself (i. e. have an interview with him) as soon as it is c. to you, ipse, quod commodo tuo fiat, cum eo colloquere : a c. time, tem- pus opportunum, idoneum, commodum : for doing athg, tempus ad agendum idoneum or appositum : a c. house, *domus commoda or *commodeinstructa: domi- cilium bonum : a c. opportunity, occasio idonea, or, commoda et idonea; opportunitas. || Proper, fyc. (vid.), utilis. — it is c, convenit (is suitable with inf. esply Lucr. ; with ut, C, qui convenit, ut qui — iidem improbos se quam populares esse malint). — utile est (is useful). — decet (is becoming). CONVENIENTLY, commode ; opportune.— bene. — idonee. apte. — recte. accommodate, apposite [Syn. in Convenient]. CONVENT, monasterium. ccenobium (Eccl.) : to go into a c, *in ccetum monachorum or monacharum re- cipi. — more Christiano cultui divino sacrari (of one who CON takes the vows, Ammian. Marc. 18, 10. extr.): of or belonging to a c, monasterialis (late), or by Gen. mo- nachorum (monacharum), or coenobii, monasterii. The c. walls, *muri, qui ccenobium, or monasterium, cin- gunt : the c.-rule, *lex ccenobitis (or monachis) ser- vanda: the c.-school, *scho!ae, in quibusa ccenobitis, or a monachis, literae traduntur ; *scholae, quae in ccenobio habentur. CONVENTICLE, conventiculum (conventicle, used by T. for the place of meeting ; so Arnob.). — ♦conven- ticulum eorum, qui patriam religionem, or patria sacra, deseruerunt. CONVENTION, || An assembly; see Assembly, Congregation. || Agreement, vid. CONVENTIONAL, quod fit (&c.) ex pacto, ex fce- dere, ex conventu (Auct. ad Her. 2, 13, extr.), or ex convento (C. Alt. 6, 3, 7) ; Jn. ex pacto et convento. [||g|p" conventionalis, founded on, or relating to, a con- vention ; e. g. conv. stipulatio, Pomp, and Ulp. Dig. 45, 1,5 and 52]. C. arrangements, pacta, pactiones. \\ The word is sts used in a wider sense for what is arranged by a tacit agreement or understanding ; prps usu recep- tus ( Plin.).— tralaticius (handed down fm father to son ; a matter of routine). CONVERGE, vergere (in or ad qd) : to the centre, in medium (C. N. D. 2, 45, 116); to a point, ad unum idemque punctum vergere ; *eodem vergere : to c. to that point, illuc vergere (T. but in a fig. sense). CONVERGENT, \ Crcl. with verbs under Con- CONVERGENCY, / verge. From the convergency of all its parts to the centre, *ex eo, quod omnes ejus partes in medium vergunt, &c. CONVERSABLE, affabilis.— in omni sermone affa- bilis (C). CONVERSABLENESS, affabilitas.— affabilitas ser- monis (C, who joins comitas affabilitasque sermonis). CONVERSABLY, affabOiter (Macr. -issime, Gell.). CONVERSANT, exercitatus in re or in qa re facien- da. — versatus in re. Jn. exercitatus et paratus. versa- tus exercitatusque (who has been much engaged in athg, and thus has had much practice). — peritus cs rei (skilled in athg). — qa. re instructus (furnished with it, of some knowledge ; e. g. dialecticis, with logic, C): to be c. with all the usual topics and common-places of philoso- phy, habere omnes philosophiae notos et tractatos locos (C. Or. 33, 188). — Not c. with athg, in qa re rudis (C). — cs rei ignarus (see Ignorant). — To be tolerably c. with athg, exercitationem modicam consecutum esse : I am c. with athg, in qa re satis exercitatus sum ; cs rei usu exercitatus sum : c. with Latin and Greek, Graece et Latine doctus ; doctus Graecis et Latin is literis (esply with Lat. and Gr. literature) : c. with the law, eruditus discipline juris : to be c. with many subjects, multarum rerum peritum esse : to be very c. with athg, bene or probe versatum esse in re ; magnum usum habere in re (to possess practical knowledge, e. g. of military matters, of politics, fyc.) : very c. with nau- tical affairs, in rebus maritimis exercitatissimus para tissimusque (C). || To be conversant about (e.g. Mathematics are c. about extension). See Treat of. CONVERSATION, sermo (mostly without definite or serious object). — colloquium, collocutio (agreed upon for any given purpose ; a conference). — [= Dialogue, vid.] — a private c, sermonis cum qo communicatio : a fami- liar c, sermones familiares. confabulatio : a c, for the sake of passing the time, sermones ludicri : a c. (a tete- a-tete), praesentis cum praesenti colloquium; praesens sermo : a learned c, sermo doctus : to enter into c. with aby, se dare in sermonem cum qo ; sermonem cum qo instituere or ordiri or occipere : to have or hold a c. with aby, sermonem conferre cum qo ; cum qo collo- qui : to have or hold a secret c. with aby, arcano or secreto cum qo colloqui : to carry on a c, sermocinari ; colloqui cum qo ; confabulari ; sermones caedere or serere cum qo (with the notion of a familiar or agree- able c, serm. caed. esply Comic). I have a c. with aby, est mini sermo cum qo, about athg, de re : to touch on such or such a subject in the course of c, in sermonem delabi or incidere : to turn the c. to some other subject, sermonem alio transferrer the c. flags, sermo friget : not to let the c. drop or flag, sermonem quaerere; fabu- las arcessere (by endeavouring to find subjects ; see Ruhnk. Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10): to break off the c, sermo- nem incidere or (if suddenly) praecidere [medium ser- monem abrumpere, V. JEn. 4, 388] ; inceptum sermo- nem abrumpere (T. Ann. 4, 60, 2) ; sermonem, quem inchoavi, abrumpere (Q. 4, 3, 13 ; hence abrumpere sermonem is by no means unclassic.) : the usual topic of c. is, fyc, sermo plerumque habetur de, &c. : to be the subject of general c. (of persons), in ore or in (169) CON sermone omnium esse ; infabulis esse; omnium sermo- nibus vapulare : to become the subject of general c, fabulam fieri ; in sermonem venire. — in sermonem in- cfdere (C. Fam. 9, 3 ; tamen in sermonem incidemus) : athg is the subject of every body's c. through one whole summer, qd unam aestatem aures refercit sermonibus : to report to aby a person's c, cs sermonem ad qm de- ferre : i" will send you a full and exact account of the c. I had with him, omnem iliius meumque sermonem om- nibus verbis expressum mittam : to say frequently in c, in sermonibus dictitare (C. Fam. 1, 9, extr.): to speak of athg frequently in c, qd crebris usurpare sermoni- bus : to take part in a c, sermoni interesse : a c. gets abroad or is reported by aby, sermo per qm emanat. There is some c. about, fyc. (see Talk) : in the course of c, in sermone : to mention athg to aby in the course of c, ci in sermone injicere, with Ace. and Inf. (C. ad Div. 12, 16, 2) : a thing is said in the course of c, in- cidit mentio de qa re; incidit sermo in qm rem. — Crassus began the c, Crassus princeps fuit sermonis ordiendi : to carry on a c. till a late hour (of the night), sermonem in multam noctem producere : he seized upon something that had fallen in c, and pretended that it was a commission, sermone aliquo arrepto pro man- datis abusus est (C). The language of common c, sermo ( = oratio remissa et finitima quotidianea locutioni, Auct. ad Her. Cf. 2, 9, 4, 19; soluta oratio, qualis in sermone etepistolis; and H. sermoni pro- piora). || Criminal conversation, adulterium. To have a c.-c. with aby, adulterio cognovisse cs uxorem. — Vid. Adultery. CONVERSE, s. || Co nver sa Hon, vid. || In Logic (the predicate becoming the subject, and the subject the predicate), Crcl. In some propositions the c. is also true, quaedam et retrorsum idem valent (Q., who gives as the example, vivit homo, qui spirat ; and spirat, qui vivit ; 5, 9, 6) : of some propositions the c. is not true, quaedam in contrarium non recurrunt (Q. ib. ; his example is, movetur, qui ingreditur, wch cannot be converted to ; qui movetur, ingreditur). CONVERSE, loqui cum qo (g. t. = to speak). — sermo- cinare or sermonem conferre cum qo (to have a dis- course).— cum qo colloqui (of a tete-a-tete, esply to settle some matter). — confabulari or sermones familiares con- ferre cum qo (of familiar or intimate conversation) : to c. very agreeably with aby, jucundissime loqui cum qo : to c. about athg, habere sermones de qa re ; disputare de qa re (alleging reasons for and agst athg) : here they conversed on literary, scientific subjects, *erant ibi ser- mones de literis or de artium studiis atque doctrina ; Tiberius hardly ever conversed even with, %c, nullus Tiberio aut rarissimus etiam cum (proximis) sermo (Suet. Tib. 68).— To c. together, colloqui inter se or inter nos, vos, %c. [ g^iT colloqui secum, = to c. with oneself, to think over athg with oneself, #c] — See also 'to have or hold a conversation,' under Con- versation. CONVERSELY, retrorsum (C. N. D. 2, 33, 84 : ex terra aqua, ex aqua oritur aer, ex aere aether; deinde retrorsum vicissim ex aethere aer, &c. — So too retro, Lucr. N. D. 1, 760). — To hold good c, retrorsum idem valere : not to hold good c., in contrarium non recur- rere (both Q. vid. under ' the Converse'). CONVERSION, || Act of changing, change, conversio. — commutatio. || Moral change, *morum mutatio. — *ad bonam frugem revocatio (from vice). — mores emendatiores.— vita emendatior (with reference to one's former mode of life, Ulp. Dig. 4, 3, 11). — *ac- cessio ad Christi doctrinam (the embracing of Chris- tianity). — 1| C. of a proposition (in Log.), Crcl. by (idem) retrorsum dicere (see the Converse). CONVERT, s. «prosetytus (Eccl. Tertull.).—*qui a patriis sacris ad aliena transiit. To make a c. of aby; see To Convert. CONVERT, U To change; tr.) mutare (into athg, in qd). — vertere (qd in qd). — convertere in qm or qd (to c. athg or aby into something or somebody slse ; e. g. He- cubam in canem ; crimen in laudem ; providentiae munera in mutuam perniciem, Q.). — convertere in for- mam cs rei (e. g. terras in freti formam, O.). — fingere or formare in qd ; transformare or transfigurare in qd ; figu- rare in habitum cs rei (to give it the shape of something else) ; figurare in naturam cs rei (to communicate to it the properties of something else). — transferre or tradu- cere (in or ad qm or qd, or with adv. of motion to a place ; hue, alio : to remove or change it from — to). — To c. en- mities into friendship, inimicitias in amicitiam tradu- cere (C. ; of the ground or consideration that wrought the change) : to c. pain into joy, dolorem gaudio mu- tare: to c. abtfs gravity into mirth, cs animum ad CON hilaritatera risumque traducere (C). || To change the use or destination of athg. — To c. alfig to one's own use, qd suum facere. — qd in se transferre {un- justly). — convertere qd in suam rem or ad suum com- modum (C. ; tarn it to one's own advantage or profit) : to c. another man's property to my own use. in meam rem aliena convertere (ft Off. 1,14, 42). — convertere in aliam naturam {to change into another nature). — 1| To change beneficially ; in a moral point of view, corrigere. emendare {to rectify). — also mores cs emendare ; qm ad virtutem revocare {with a qa re ; e. g. a perdita luxuria, Np. Dion, 6, 2) ; qm ad frugem corrigere or compellere (Comic.) ; qm in melius tradu- cere (Sen. de Ira, 2, 13, extr.): one who is not capable of being converted, insanabilis. || With reference to opinion, qm de sententia deducere, demovere; in aliam mentem adducere; aliam mentem in jicere ; qm a consilio revocare (with ref. to a purpose) : opinione qm dejicere (with ref. to a prejudice). || With refer- ence to creed, *ad verum Dei cultum cs animum convertere. || To convert a proposition (in Log.), idem, &c, retrorsum dicere. To be Converted). || To be changed into a different substance, converti in aliam naturam. mutari in qd (e. g. in taurum). — se vertere or con- vertere (in qd). — transfigurari in qd (e. g. into a wolf, in lupum). — abire in qd (e. g. oppidum abiit in villain). || In a moral point of view, mores suos mutare ; in viam redire ; ad virtutem redire or revocari ; ad bonam frugem se recipere; morummuta- tionem facere ; ad sanitatem redire — in melius traduci (Sen.): he is quite a converted character, totus factus est alius; commutatus est totus; in melius mutatus est. || In a matter of opinion, sententiam mu- tare. sententia sua decedere. || With reference to creed, *fictorum deorum superstitionibus pur- gari. *Christum sequi. *ad Christianam fidem trans- ire (to embrace the Christian religion : of a heathen). CONVERT, Intr.) See To be Converted, above. CONVERTIBLE, commutabilis (C. and Q.) : but mly by Crcl. with verbs in Convert. || A c. proposition (in Logic), quod retrorsum idem valet ; quod in con- trarium recurrit (Q.). CONVEX, convexus. — gibbus (opp. conc&vus, Cell. 8, 1, in). CONVEXITY, convexitas (prob. only in the elder Plin.) — convexa (pi. o/convexum, substantively used; e. g. convexa coeli). CONVEY, j| To carry, portare. — asportare (fm one place to another, as corn, effects, fyc). — vehere. vectare (esply by animals, a vehicle, or by slaves, all three indicating the state of motion). — ferre (to carry, e g. a burden). — bajulare (on one's shoulders or back). — transportare. transvehere qo (to c. either by water or land to a place ; of persons and things). — a loco transferre or deportare qo (to c. from any place to some other). — transvehere (to c. across by means of a vehicle, S)'c). — abducere (to c. fm a place, esply of persons, then of things also); Jn. auferre et abducere. — perferen- dum curare (to c. to the place of its destination). — com- portare (to c. together, or to one place). — transferre (c. across). — devehere (fm a place, e. g. qm equo devehere qo, to c. aby fm a place to some place on horse-back) : to c. provisions to the army, exercitui commeatum suppor- tare: to c. food (the hand, $c.) to themouth, cibumad os ferre, admovere ; manum ad os admovere : to c. across a river, traducere trans flumen : to c. aby under an escort to any place, qm cum custodibus mittere qo : not one of the transports, that conveyed the soldiers, was miss- ing, nulla navis, quas milites portaret, desiderabatur : to c. the troops back in two embarcations, duobus com- meatibus exercitum reportare (Cccs. B. G. 5, 23, in.). H To transmit ; see To Send. — perferre (to carry to aby, e. g. literas ; and impropr. commissions or com- mands, cs mandata). — perferendum curare (to have alhg conveyed). — He had every thing conveyed to his own house, ad se omnia transtulit (i. e.fm another's, Np.). — deportare (to have a person conveyed under the care of guards to the place of his banishment). \\ To convey oneself to any place, se conferre qo. in qm locum se conferre. ire, proficisci qo. || To make over (a right or property), cedere ci qd or qa re ; concedere ci qd ; trail scribere ci qd (by a icritten document, Dig.) : to c. a part of some property, cedere ci qd de qa re : of one's share in a thing, cedere parte sua ; also cedere ci pos- sessione cs rei (e. g. gardens, hortorum) : to c. property to a mortgagee, rem liypothecae nomine obligare (JCt.). || Convey away, amovere (e. g. nebulonem ilium ex istis locis, C). — demovere. — removere (put it aside). — portare. asportare (e. g. corn, effects, fyc). — amoliri (170) CON (to remove a mass by violent exertion). — avehere. deve- here (draw away by a vehicle or beast of burden ; deveh. mly with mention of the place to which). — abducere (propr. to lead away a person; then also things). Jn. auferre et abducere. — To c. away secretly or by stealth, clam removere ; furto subducere (of hostages, L. 9, 11). — subtrahere (e. g. the baggage, impedimenta). — 1| To convey oneself away, amovere se (e. g. he resolved to c. himself away at once, and to the greatest possible distance, statuit repente recedere, seque e medio quam longissime amovere, Suet.).— abire, &c. (See Uo Away.) Impropr.) — To c. a meaning, it ly by vis subjecta est voci; haec vis est verbi, &c. [See Meaning.] || Com- municate intelligence, 8,-c. Vid. Communicate, Impart. CONVEYANCE, || As act, transvectio (c. across, or fm one side to the other ; e. g. Acherontis). — portatio (act of carrying away ; transporting goods, fyc). — aspor- tatio (the conveying or carrying uway ; C. Verr. 2, 4, 49, extr. eorum [signorum] asportatio difficilis videba- tur). — vectura (the being conveyed by waggon or ship ; pro vectura solvere ; sine vectura periculo ; vect. mercium, Paul. Dig.). — exportatio (c. out of a country). — deportatio (the being conveyed to the place of one's banishment). — invectio (c. into a country). — subvectio. and (T.) subvectus (the c. of supplies to an army, #c, whether by land or sea). — [^^° vectio occurs only in, efficere quadrupedum vectiones, ft; vectatio is exercise on horseback, or in a carriage, Suet.] — 1| A conveyance, see Vehicle. — In the pi., conveyances, vectura (for corn, supplies, 8fc., Cces. B. C. 3, 32). || The means of c, *occasio vecturae (of getting athg conveyed). — occasio vehiculi (for a traveller). — casus navigandi (by sea). — / have hitherto been unable to find any means of c, *me adhuc vecturae occasio frustrata est. || Conveyance of property, transcriptio (v. Gaj. Inst. 3, 130; fm aby to another, a qo ad qm). — cessio (the giving up one's rights over a property to another). CONVEYANCER, Scriba publicus (g. t. for any scribe, notary, fyc, authorised by the s!ate). — signator (one who signs wills, deeds, fyc, as a witness). — tabellio (who draws up deeds, wills, #c, Ulp. Dig.). CONVICT, convincere ; a person, qm (also without any mention of the crime) ; of athg, cs rei, sts in qa re, de qa re (in pari peccato, ft, in homicidio, Plin., in affectatione imperii, T.); or with inf. (e. g. to c. aby of utter ignorance, qm nihil scire convincere, C). — coar- guere qm cs rei (expresses generally only the hope of convicting ; hence the perf. must be used of actually con- victing ; Vlp. says 1, 192, de V. S. arguisse = accusasse et convicisse). — condemnare (to condemn, vid.). — 1| To c. (a statement, fyc, of falsehood, errour), convincere. — redarguere; revincere (by establishing the contrary). || Convicted, convictus csrei and in re; compertuscs rei. — of an assault, de vi; of a capital crime, rerum capitalium. C. by his own mouth or confession, convic- tus confessusque. See Condemned. CONVICT, s. damnatus. condemnatus. CONVICT, adj. see Convicted. CONVICTION, || The finding, or being fourd, guilty ; Crcl. with convictus, compertus, &c. [ g*p° convictio, in this sense, not Lot.] — If it is his second c, on a charge of this kind, si quo in pari ante peccato con- victus sit (C). [If it is not necessary to distinguish be- tween conviction and condemnation, see Condemna- tion.] || Full persuasion, persuasio; but mly by Crcl. with persuasum habere, &c. [See ' to be con- vinced,' under Convince]. To entertain a full or firm c, persuasissimum habere; plenum persuasionis esse; mihi persuasissimum est; plane non dubito, quin ; certe scio (absol. and with ace. and inf.). CONVINCE, convincere qm cs rei or de qa re (to make good one's position agst aby by invincible argu- ments). — persuadere de re (persuade a man ; induce him to believe it). BgSgT Instead of de re, persuadere takes the ace, but only of a neuter pronoun : id, illud, quidquam, or unum, multa, &c. — To c. aby that, $c, convincere or persuadere with ace. and infin. To be con- vinced, that, fyc, persuadetur or persuasum est mihi, tibi, &c. ( |g5p° by no means persuadeor, or persuasus sum.) — sibi persuadere (to c. oneself): I am convinced, mihi persuasi; mihi persuasum est, of athg, de qa re ; per- suasum habeo (C. Verr. 45, 25; but Zumpt strikes out persuasum and reads habent only). — [^^° persuasum mihi habeo, Cces. B. G. 3, 2, being a s.mewhat doubt- ful reading, is better avoided; although Herzog st-ems to defend it satisfactorily'] : I am fully convinced, mihi persuasissimum est ; plane non dubito, quin, &c. ; certe scio, with ace. and infin. — Sts exploratum, per- CON spectum, cognitum habere qd (to know it for certain). I cannot be convinced, non possum adduci, ut credam : / would wish you to be convinced, that, fyc, hoc tibi persuadeas velim; velim tibi ita persuadeas; sic volo te tibi persuadere : / hope you feel convinced, that I shall do every thing, fyc, illud cave dubites, quin ego omnia faciam. Not to be easily convinced, non facile adduci ad credendum (Np.) : you c. me that it is just as you say (in a letter), prorsus ita esse, ut scribis, mihi persuades : 2" earnestly wish to be convinced of the existence of the gods, deos esse persuaderi mihi — plane velim: I could never be convinced that the soul, fyc, mihi numquam persuaderi potuit, animos, &c. All men are convinced, that you are as sound a lawyer as any man living, constat inter omnes neminem te juris peritiorem esse. [HgggT Obs. That hoc, sic, ita, are often used with persuaaere, where to us they seem superfluous ; e. g. having convinced himself that my letters, %c, quum sibi ita persuasisset, meas — lite- ras, &c] CONVINCING, ad persuadendum accommodatus. ad persuasionem appositus. — firmus ad probandum (cogent, e. g. argumentum). — gravis (weighty, e. g. argu- mentum ; comp. C. Rose. Com. 12, 36) ; a most c. proof, argumentum gravissimum et firmissimum. [Q. uses persuasibilis = -niOavos, in three passages.} CONVINCINGLY, ad persuadendum accommodate ; ad persuasionem apposite (e. g. to speak, dicere). mani- feste. CONVIVIAL, || Pertaining to a banquet, con- vivalis (instead o/convivialis, e.g. oblectamenta ludio- num, L.). — epularis (e. g. accubitio, C). || Fond of banquets, company, #c, qui conviviis delectatur. qui in conviviis versatur. — qui nullum convivium renuit. — qui ccenas obit ; ad ccenas itat, &c. [epulo, late, Appul.] — || One suited to be a pleasant guest. A c. person, conviva commodus, hilaris. — 1| A convivial meeting, convivium. — compotatio (if there is much drinking). — comissatio (of a riotous kind). — accubitio epularis (in C. but rather as a definition of convivium, &c.) CONVIVIALITY, either Crcl. by leetum convivam agere (H.), &c, or by the general terms for Mirth. CONVOCATION, convocatio (the act of convoking, Pseudo-Cic). || Assembly, congregation ; vid. CONVOKE, convocare. — to c. an assembly of the people, in concionem vocare or convocare populum ; also convocare populum only : to c. the senate, senatum cogere or convocare : to c. the soldiers, milites in con- cionem convocare (to an assembly). CONVOLVULUS, convolvulus (Plin. 21, 5, 11). CONVOY, qm praesidii causa comitari. — praesidio esse ci or ci rei (e. g. impedimentis). — qm comitari (g. t. for accompanying). CONVOY, s. || As protecting force, presidium (g. t.). — milites praesidiarii. — (of ships) *naves praesidia- riae. To grant ahy a c , praesidium ci dare; a strong c, firmo praesidio qm munire : to grant aby a c. to any place, praesidium dare, ut qs tuto perveniat qm locum (Np. Epam. 4, 4) ; efficere, ut tuto qs qm locum per- veniat (Id. Tirnol. 2, 2). — To serve as a c, praesidio esse (ci, navibus, &c). II Obs. Sts 'convoy' includes both the protecting and protected fleets (Webst.), *naves mercatoriee (firmo) praesidio or praesidiaria classe mu- nitee; or commeatus(£>otf# of persons sailing, travelling together ; e.g. commeatus nostri Pontico mari ac Tra- pezunte oppido adventantes, T.). To cut off our c.'s, commeatus nostros intercipere (if they were bringing in supplies). CONVULSE, Propr.) || Cause convulsions; spasmos facere (aft. spasmos fieri prohibet, Plin. 30, 12, 36), and, probably, convellere, as convulsus is so used. Impropr.) || Shake violently, convellere (e.g. rempublicam, instituta, &c). Jn. labefactare et convellere. quatere. quassare. concutere. conquassare (to shake). — percutere. percellere (to make a violent im- pression on athg : percut. of a sudden, unexpected con- vulsion ; percell. of one, the effects of wch are of long duration). To c. the state, rempublicam convellere, quassare, concutere, labefactare, dilacerare. — rempubl. atrociter agitare (Sail.) : the empire, regnum concutere, labefactare ; imperium percutere : to c. the earth (Thomson), terram ingenti motu concutere. To c. aby with laughter, magnum, maximum, mirum risum ci movere, concitare. To be convulsed with laughter, risu corruere (C), emori (Ter.), rumpi (Afran. ap. Norm.); cachinnum tollere ; miros risus edere. CONVULSED, convulsus (med. t. t. Suet. Q.).—To be c, convelli. spasmo laborare. Impropr.) See Convulse. (171) COO CONVULSION, spasmus, spasma (both Plin. a-irarr- p.6?, 0-nnap.a), pure Latin, convulsio (Scrib. Comp. 165): to be seized with c.'s, convelli : one who is subject to c.'s, spasticus (o-iraariKoi). To prevent c.'s, spasmos fieri prohibere (Plin.). To be useful in c.'s, ad spasmos utile esse. CONVULSIVE, spasticus. CONVULSIVELY, quasi spasmo vexaretur. COO (of doves), gemere (Virg. Eel. 1, 58). Pig.) To be billing and cooing (of lovers, 8,-c), columbula- tim labra conserere labris (Mattius ap. Gell. 20, 9, 2). — labris columbari ci (Mcecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 114). — co- lumbatim dare basia (Poet, in Anthol. Lat. 3, 219). COOING, gemitus. || Billing and cooing, exosculatio. COOK, coquus. /era. coqua; coquula(di;mH.): thehead c. in the house of a wealthy Roman, archimagirus (ap\t- u.ayeipos, Juven. 9, 109) : to be one's own c, sibi maim sua parare cibum : a c.'s boy, *puer culinarius ; pi. culi- narii (Scrib. Larg. 230) : hunger is the best c, cibi con- dimentum fames est (C. de Fin. 2, 28, 90) : malum panem tenerum tibi et siligineum fames reddet (Sen. Ep. 123, 2) : a c.'s-shop, popina : one who keeps a c.'s- shop, popinarius (late). A c.'s knife, culter coquinaris (Far.). COOK, v. coquere (to prepare food by heat).— miti- gare. igne mollire (to make soft by heat): to c. athg in athg (e. g. in milk, oil, $c), coquere in or ex qa re (e.g. in lacte ; ex oleo, &c); incoquere qa re or cum qa re (e. g. aqua ferventi, cum aqua) : to c. athg well, per- coquere : to c. some food, cibum or cibaria coquere ; cibum parare or comparare (g. t. for prepare) : to c. one's own meal or dinner, sibi manu sua parare cibum : cooked, coctus ; igne mollitus. COOK, v. intr. coquinare (Plant.). COOKERY, res coquinaria. — coctura (the manner in wch one cooks). A c.-book, liber, qui observationes coquendi continet (v. Plin. 18, 25): *liber, qui est de re coquinaria, or de opsoniis et condimentis. [S^F" Liber de re coquinaria, would not be Lat.] (as title), de re coquinaria or de opsoniis et condimentis. See also ' the art of cookery,' in Cooking. COOKING, coctura (the manner of c); also Crcl. e. g to make use of fire for c, uti igne ad mitigandum or ad molliendum cibum : meat for c, *caro coquenda : a vessel for c, vas coquinarium ; pi. vasa coquinaria; vasa, quibus ad cibum comparandum uti assolent or assolemus ; vasa, quae ad cibaria coquenda et confi- cienda pertinent: the art of c, *ars coquinaria; *ars culinaria : wine used for c, vinum cibarium : wood used for c.,lignacocta, coctilia, acapna (dried wood wch burnt without smoke). — ligna, quibus ad coquenda ciba- ria uti assolent (aft. Col. 12, 3, 2). COOK-MAID, see Cook. COOK-ROOM, *culina. COOL, frigidus (that makes c). — alsus (c. in itself, of houses, rooms, fyc, it so happens that it is found only in the comparative, e. g. nihil alsius). — somewhat c, sub- frigidus ; frigidiusculus (late) : to make or render c, refrigerare. frigidum facere (frigerare and frigefactare not used in prose). — 1| Fig. Lukewarm, see Tepid. || With ref. to temperament, tranquillus. quie- tus, pacatus. sedatus. placidus [Syn. in Calm]. — lentus (indifferent). — saevus (c. agst a lover): c. in dan- ger, impavidus; fortis (despising danger): to be c.,q\iie- tum, &c, esse. || Impudent, vid. COOL, s. frigus (the being cold, and so refreshing, Hor. Od. 3, 13, 10 ; fr. amabile).— algor (the being felt to be cold) : the c. of the evening, *aer vespertirms. *aura spirans ab occidente. COOL, v. tr.) refrigerare; frigidum facere ; see ' to make c' in Cool. — dare ci frigus (t to afford coolness). — recreare (to refresh); to c. a person (who is in a per- spiration) by fanning him, aestuanti lene frigus venti- lare flabello (Mart. 3, 82) : the winds c. the atmosphere, ventorum flatu nimii temperantur calores : to c. one- self in the ihade, umbris refrigerari. COOL, intr.) frigescere. refrigescere. refrigerari (propr. and fig. of persons and things). — languescere. elanguescere (to grow languid; flag, e. g. industria). — defervescere (of the heat, aestus ; and impropr. of pas- sion, ira). — (sensim) resldere (to subside, e. g. tumor animi, C. ; cs impetus, L. ; or animorum impetus ardorque, L. ; mentes a superiore certamine, Ccus.). — remittere animum ("pp. to a former stale of intense exertion or excitement; a qa re; e.g. a contentione pugnae, L.). — Aby's zeal in a cause c.'s, languidiore studio est in re : to allow one's zeal to c, studium rti deponere : to allow one's intimacy with aby to c, ami- citiam sensim dissuere (C. Lael. 21, 76; where am. eluere it a doubtful reading). coo COOLER, *alveus refrigeratorius. COOLING, refrigerans. refrigeratrix {fern.). C. me- dicines, draughts, medicamenta refrigerantia. All let- tuces have c. properties, est natura omnibus lactucae generibus refrigeratrix : a c. potion, potio refrigera- toria (Pelag. Vet. 28, med.). — potio refrigeratrix, potio nivata (cooled with snow). || Subst.; the c. of athg, refrigeratio. COOLING-SALVE, *unguentum refrigeratorium. COOLING-FURNACE, *fornix refrigeratoria. COOLLY, frigide (fig. in a cold manner, H. A. P. 171, has gelide in a bad sense). — languide. lente (in a feeble, sluggish way). — placide. placate, sedate (in a calm, tranquil manner). — aequo animo (with undis- turbed tranquillity).— lento pectore (t Tib.). — To take athg c, aequo animo ferre qd. — placide or sedate ferre qd. qa re non moveri. non laborare de re (e. g. de cs morte, to take his death verge). — lento pectore ferre qd (t Tib. 4, 11, 6). To look c. on (at an action one ought to prevent), qm qd facientem lentus specto (L. &c). — To praise aby verge, frigide laudare qm (Gell.) : to think a matter c. over, tranquillo animo qd conferre (C), reputare. || Bravely, vid. || Impudently, vid. COOLNESS, *frigus temperatius or (H.) amabile ; also frigus only, vid. Cool, s. |j Impudence, vid. || Bravery, vid. || Indifference, pectus lentum (t Tib.). — lentitudo (indifference with wch one looks on any wrong done to others). — frigus (want of interest that one displays towards others). COOM, || Soot over the mouth of an oven, fyc, *fuligo fornacalis. COOP, || Barrel, cupa. || Cage for poultry, saginarium (e. g. includent in saginario; in this in- stance, for geese, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, extr.). COOP UP. See to Shut up. COOPER, vietor (Plant. Rud. 4, 3, 51).— doliarius (a doubtful reading, Plin. 3, 6, 12). COOPERAGE, *vietoris merces. || Place where cooper's work is done (Webit.), dolearia officina (Inscr. Orell. 4888). CO-OPERATE, una agere; in athg, juvare or adju- vare qd: to c. very effectually to an end, multum valere ad qd (see C. Tusc. 3, 3, 5).— in partem cs rei venire ; interesse ci rei (by personal attendance or influence). — attingere qd (to c. in the execution of athg) : not to have co-operated in athg, cs rei expertem esse ; non contu- lisse ad qd (not to have contributed one's share) : to undertake to c, capessere partem cs rei (e. g. belli). CO-OPERATION, opera, auxilium. With aby's c, cs opera or auxilio ; qo juvante or adjuvante or ad- jutore : to promise aby one's faithful c. in athg, pol- liceri ci nee infidelem nee segnem operam in qa re. See also Participation. CO-OPERATOR, socius. particeps or socius cs rei. affinis cs rei or ci rei. adjutor (assistant). — minister, administer (who takes or has a subordinate character in the performance of athg, mostly in a bad sense). Jn. minister et adjutor; socius et particeps cs rei; servus et minister cs rei : to be aby's c. in athg, cs socium esse in re : to give aby a person as his c, ci dare qm ad rem adjutorem. COOT, fuWca (V. and Plin.)', fulex, Yds, /. (C. Poet, de Div. 1, 8, in.) CO-PARTNER, see Partner. CO-PARTNERSHIP, see Partnership. COPE, *stola sacerdotalis. vestis lintea religiosaque (Suet. Oth. 12). COPE, trans.) fastigare (to terminate by a pointed top). — To c. a wall, prps *coronam muro imponere, or *summum murum opere tectorio (testaceo, &c.) lori- care (aft. parietes— opere tectorio marmorato loricare, to coat them with, Varr. R. R.\, 57, 1). COPE with, confligere (g. t. when the stress is on the vehemence, spirit, fyc. of the combatants, not on the kind of weapons ; of two persons or whole armies). — obsistere, resistere ci (stand agst). — certare cum qo or cum qa re (to contend agst, with a probability of success ; vie with). To be able to c with aby, parem ci esse posse (C. pro Font. 26). — Not to be able to c. with aby, cs potentiam sustinere non posse (C. Phil. 7, 6, 17). — parem ci esse non posse (e. g. distracti adversariis pares esse non possumus, C.) : with aby or athg, non posse ci or ci rei resistere. — cum qo or cum qa re certare non posse (C). COPIER, COPYIST, transcribens — librarius (see Schiitz. Lex. C. s. v.). — librariolus (Dimin.). || Com- piler, vid. COPING, lorica (any defensive coat of stucco, bricks, %c, whether for walls or floors). — corona, fastigium (fastigium g. t. for top ; corona, with ref. to its being (172) COP set on with a projection or moulding ; it was also used for other mouldings or fillets : angusta muri corona erat; non pinnae fastigium ejus distinxerant, Curt. 9, 4). — To put a c. on a wall, prps *coronam muro im- ponere, or *summum murum or muri fastigium opere tectorio loricare : to put a brick c. on a wall, «murum opere latericio fastigare. *coronam operis latericii muro imponere. COPIOUS, copiosus (also = copious in thought, opp. exllis). — abundans (opp. inops). — largus. Sts dives, locuples (rich) : a c. writer, scriptor creber rerum fre- quentia (C. de Or. 2, 13, 56) : a c. language, lingua locuples (C. Fin. 1, 3, 10); lingua dives (Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 9). A c. fountain, fons largus aquae (t). — A c. flood of tears, largus iietus (t). COPIOUSLY, copiose. uberrime. ubertim. abun- danter. large, abunde. prolixe. largiter : too c, effuse; Jn. large effuseque. See Abundantly, Plenti- fully. COPIOUSNESS, copia.— abundantia (abundance).— rerum frequentia (of matter, as C. de Or. 2, 13, 56; Thucydides creber est rerum frequentia). — C. of thought, crebritas sententiarum (C. Brut. 95, 325). COPPER, || The metal, aes cyprium (sts fin con- text, aes only). — cuprum (whence our 'copper' and the German l Kiipfer' are derived). — of c, cyprius ; cupreus (late) ; cuprfnus (late). — To engrave on c, in aes incldere : containing or abounding in c, aerosus. II A copper ( = small piece of money), numus cyprius. as, assis (small piece of money). — numulus. — Coppers, rudera, pi. (al. raudera ; c. coins, aeris acervi, quum rudera milites religione inducti jacerent, post profec- tionem Hannibalis magni inventi, L. 26, 11, 9, Dra- kenb.). A few c.'s, numulorum aliquid. || A cop- per ( = vessel), vas cyprium (any vessel made of c). — cortina (round vessel for cooking, #c, it stood on three legs). — ahenum. COPPER, v. ( = sheathe with c.) *prps lamellis cypriis or aeneis loricare. COPPER, as adj. cyprius ; cuprgus (late) ; cuprinus (late). COPPER-BOTTOMED. A c.-b. vessel, *navis, cujus carina lamellis cypriis loricata est. COPPER-COLOUR, «color cyprius. COPPER-COLOURED, aeri similis (e. g. capillus).— rubidus (e. g. rubida facie). — aeneus (bronze-coloured, e. g. barba, Suet. Ner. 2). COPPER-DROSS, aeris recrementum. COPPER-MINES, metalla aeraria, pi. COPPER ORE, chalcltis (Plin.). COPPER-PLATE, *pictura linearis per aeneamlami- nam expressa (Ern.). *imagoaereexcusa (Wytt.); figura aenea ; also fm context, imago only. A book with c.-p. engravings, opus picturis linearibus per laminas aeneas expressum (Ern.)— *liber figuris aeneis ornatus (the former, if it consists entirely of such engravings). The art of c.-p. engraving, *chalcographia. A. c.-p. engraver, chalcogrtfphus. A c.-p. press, prelum chalcographicum. COPPER-RUST, aerugo cypria. aerugo aeris. COPPER-SHEATHINGS, Crcl. with lamella? cypriae. A ship with c.-s., prps *navis lamellis cypriis or aeneis loricata. COPPER-SMITH, aerarius. COPPER-SNAKE, coluber chersea (Linn.). COPPER-WIRE, virgula aenea. COPPER-WORM, teredo. COPPERAS, chalcanthum or (pure Lat.) atramen» turn (Plin. 34, 12, 32). COPPERY, aerosus. COPPICE, \ silva caedua (Cat. Var. = silva, quae in COPSE, J hoc habetur, ut caedatur; or, accord- ing to Servius, quae succisa rursus ex stirpibus aut radi- cibus renascitur, Gaj. Dig. 50, 16, 30).—/» a less strict sense, frutices. virgulta, pi. ; fruticetum, frutetum. spi- netum. viminetum [Syn. in Thicket].— locus teneris arboribus et crebris rubis sentibusque obsitus (aft. Cces. B. G. 2, 17). COPULA, *copula (t. t.) or *copula, quam gramma- tici vocant. COPULATE, |! Couple; vid. || Sexually (of animals); coire (absol. or with cum). — inire. compri- mere (coir, and comprim. also of men ; comp. of the peacock, Col.). — iniri. maritari. marem pati (of the female). COPULATION, coftus.— inttus. The season of c, coitus tempus (g. t.). — admissurae tempus (of quadru- peds). — tempus, quo aves coeunt (of birds). — The natu- ral desire of c, coitus libido. — catulitio (of dogs ami wolves) : subatio (of swine). — The passionate desir* rabies, coeundi ardor.— salacitas. COP COPULATIVE, connexivus (e. g. conjunctio, Gell. 10, 29, 1). COPY, || Of any written document, $c, exem- plar, exemplum : a c. of a speech written out by the au- thor, oratio sua raanu transcripta ; an exact c. of a will, tabulae testamenti eodem exemplo. testamentum eodem exemplo (Cces. B. G. 3, 108. Suet. Tib. 76, Bremi) : a c. of a letter, exemplar literarum or epistolae : I have subjoined a c. of the letter, earum literarum exemplum infra scriptum est : I have received a letter fm Balbus, of wch I send you a copy, habeo a Balbo literas, quarum exemplum ad te misi. |) Copy of a painting, exemplar (Plin.); imitatio ; *tabula picta ad aliam expressa. To make or take a c. {of a picture, bust), fyc. (imaginem) exscribere pingereque {Plin. Ep. 4, 28). — picturam ex altera exprimere {Plin.) : the c. of a c, imitatio imitationis : to make a c, imaginem exscribere. || 6f a book, exemplar; exemplum. — exemplar typis exscriptum {printed c.) : before any c. was struck off, antequam liber typis exscribatur (-eretur) : to publish a thousand c.'s of a work, librum in exemplaria milia transcribere, or, of printed c.'s, describendum curare. — 1| A copy {to be imitated by one who is learning to write), versus ad imitationem scribendi propositus {aft. Q. 1, 1, 35). — literas praeformatae {of single letters). To set a boy a c, ci praeformare literas (Q. ; of single let- ters). — ci versum ad imitationem scribendi propo- nere (Q.). COPY, v. || Imitate, imitari. imitando or imita- tione exprimere. imitando effingere (et exprimere). See Imitate. || Of writers, painters, fyc: de- scribes, exscribere {of a writer or painter). — ex- scribere pingereque {of a painter only) : to c. after nature, or the life, similitudinem effingere ex vero. — rescribere {i. e. to write over again, make another c.) : to c. athg with one's own hand, qd sua manu transcribere: to c. the fifth book of aby's work, a qo librum quintum describere : toe. a writer word for word without acknow- ledgement, auctorem ad verbum transcribere, neque nominare {Plin. Hist. Nat. prcef. § 22) ; furari qd a qo {stronger term). || Copied, descriptus. exscriptus. transcriptus. COPY-BOOK, *liber ad imitationem scribendi para- tus {aft. Quint. 1, 1, 35); versus ad imitationem scri- bendi propositi or proponendi {aft. Q. 1, 1, 35). COPY-HOLD, emphyteusis (kp./9). — obesus (fat and c. in a bad sense, as connected with unwieldiness ; opp. gracilis). — corpulentus (in a good sense, as implying portliness). — IggT Corpulentus is used by Plant. Ep. 1, 1, 8; and by Q., Col. and Plin. It seems, therefore, hypercritical to reject it. — habitus (rare: prce class. Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 8: corpulentior videre atque habitior). — To be c, corpore esse amplo or obeso ; nitere (Phcedr.). • — to grow c, corpus facere. pinguescere: on what food have you grown so c. ? quo cibo fecisti tantum corporis ? (Phcedr.) CORPUS-CHRISTI-DAY, *dies per corpus Christi mortuum sacrata. CORPUSCLE, corpusculum (esply of atoms, Lucr. C). CORPUSCULAR, Crcl.— Democritus, the inventor of the c. philosophy, Democritus, auctor atomorum (C). The c. philosophy, *eorum ratio, qui docent ex atomis effectum esse ccelum atque terram, nulla cogente natura, sed concursu quodam fortuito, or *eorum ratio, qui ex individuis omnia gigni affirmant. Democritus attempts to explain the origin of the soul by the c. phi- losophy, Democritus laevibus et rotundis corpusculis efficit animum concursu quodam fortuito (C). CORRADE, corradere. CORRECT, v. || Amend, corrigere (g. t. for mak- ing athg right, by altering what is wrong, or supplying what is deficient ; e. g. mendum, delictum, mores, errorem poenitendo). — emendare (to remove what is faulty ; according to Dbd. after the manner of an expe- rienced teacher, or sympathizing friend. To c. aby's writings, cs scripta emendare = to remove faults of a transcriber ; cs scripta corrigere, would be to improve the author's words or thoughts). — Jn. corrigere et emen- dare. emendare et corrigere. — melius facere (to improve athy). — ^gjST It has been doubted whether it is right to say, corrigere se or hominem = corrigere mores suos, mores, vitia, &c, hominis; but there is abundant au- thority for the ace. of the person : tu ut umquam t e corrigas (C. Cat. 1, 9, 22)! Alia ratione malevblus, alia am at or — corrigendus (Tusc. 4, 31, 65). Nearly so, tota civitas ( = cives) emendari et corrigi solet continentia (Leg. 3, 13, 30), Krebs. — To c. the manners ( = morals), mores corrigere or emendare : to c. mis- takes, menda tollere (esply errours in writing: and consequently the right expression for correcting errours of the press) : to c. (moral) faults, vitia emendare : to c. a bad habit or custom, emendare consuetudinem vitiosam (C.) : to c. errours of the press, *menda typo- graphica tollere. To c. the press, *plagulas de prelo corrigere; or librum, plagulas, &c, perspicere et corri- gere (aft. C, eas [epistolas] ego, oportet, perspiciam, corrigam ; turn denique edentur, Atl. 16, 5, extr.). *prima specimina typographica corrigere (Wyttenb.). Ruhnken used to c. the press himself, *Ruhnkenius ipse specimina typographica tractare solebat (Wytt.). || To correct by some mixture or other applica- tion, corrigere. emendare (both used as med. terms), —to c. the taste of athg, saporem cs rei lenire : the acidity of fruit, amaritudinem frugum mitigare. To c. acidity, lenire acria (Plin.). \\ Chastise, vid. CORRECT, || Not faulty ; free from errours: ab omni vitio vacuus, vitio purus (free fm faults, whe- ther physical or moral; of persons or things). — accu- ratus (made, prepared, fyc, with care; that has been carefully attended to ; of things only : sermo, dicendi genus, C.) — emendatus (freed fm faults ; of composi- tions). — emendate descriptus (correctly written or printed). — a) With respect to the text of an author, or to an edition of his works, Ruhnk. uses emendatus, castigatus, emaculatus. To print a very c. and beau- tiful edition, *librum nitidissime et accuratissime de- scribere, typis exscribere. /3) with respect to style, COR purus. emendatus. rectus, bonus, accuratus (see above : sermo, dicendi genus, C.).— comptus (neat). — elegans (select in the choice of words ; showing good taste : the two last, both of the speech and of the speaker). A c. style, sermo purus, bonus, &c. ; also, accuratus (C). — oratio sana, recta, pura, emendata, &c. [see Correct- ness] : a c. Latin style, incorrupta quaedam Latini ser- monis integritas (C, as possessed by an orator) : to speak c. Latin, yme et Latine dicere. || Morally right, probus. — honestus (of persons or things). — bene mora- tus (e. g. vir : also civitas, C). — innocens. insons (inno* cent). A c. life, recti mores, vita honesta or emenda- tior.— vita vitio carens et sine labe peracta (0. Pont. 2, 7, 49 ; and 4, 8, 20) : to be c, culpa carere.— sancte vivere (of persons). — sine vitiis esse ; vitiis carere or vacare (also of things). || Conformable to truth; accurate, Justus (according to light or law ; then ac- cording to a rule or directions, complete; opp. non Jus- tus). — rectus (prop, straight ; then, preserving the right mean between excess and defect ; consistent with reason, propr. : opp. pravus, perversus. It is only in these senses that rectus = ' correct :' hence, an oratio recta is not a ' correct,' but a plain, sober, sensible speech, with- out rhetorical ornament: vox recta or sonus rectus, is one that is neither too high nor too low ; see Ern. Lex. Techn., p. 325). — verus (true). A c. account ( = bill), ratio, quae convenit or constat : a c. measure, mensura justa. — mensura publice probata (stamped as such by public authority): this verse is note, in hoc versu qd peccatum est, or qd claudicat (C.) : a c. thought, vere dic- tum; sententia vera: a c. judgement, judicium sincerum : to form a c. judgement, vere judicare ; about athg, de qa re : to draw a c. conclusion, vere concludere : that state- ment is not c. ( = is inconsistent), non cohaerent (Ter. Andr. 2, 2, 23) : your statement is quite c, res ita est, ut dicis. CORRECTION, correctio. emendatio. Jn. correctio et emendatio. Syn. in To Correct, v. HHT cor- rectio is also the rhetorical fig. enavopOwan, when an orator corrects himself, for the purpose of adding some- thing stronger, fyc. — ( H§§p" correctura = the office of a corrector, a sort of land-agent or steward in the time of the emperors). — The labour of c, *emendandi cura — *molestia corrigendi et emendandi (Krebs). — The most careful c. of the press, *cura, qua nulla eru- ditior cogitari potest, in plagulis de prelo corrigendis : to employ a person in the c. of the press, *ci librum ab operarum mendis (or erratis) liberandum tradere : to attend to the c. of the press, *curam tollendis operarum erratis or mendis itisumere: not to attend to the c.'s that have been made, *non inspicere, quae emendata sunt (e. g. in an exercise). \\ Under correction, bona hoc tua venia dixerim (when offence is to be de- precated; e. g. 'points of wch the Roman augurs, I am speaking under c, are now themselves ignorant,' quae quidem nunc a Romanis auguribus ignorantur ; bona hoc tua venia dixerim, C. Div. 1, 15, 25). — *salvo tamen tuo judicio (with deference to your better judge- ment). — nisi tu alicer existimas, sentis, censes; nisi tibi aliter videtur (unless you think differently). But, to speak under c, you do not prove your assertion, sed da mihinunc; satisne probas? (C. Ac. 1, 3, 9.) || Chas- tisement ; vid. || House of correction, ergastu- lum : to put aby into a house of c, qm in ergastulum ducere or dare : to be confined in a house of c, esse in ergastulo. CORRECTIVE, adj. Crcl. with verbs under Cor- rect. C. medicines, temperativa medicamina (only in Ccel. Aur. Tard. 4, 1). || A corrective, tempera- mentum. — temperatio (e. g. hujus vitii, C. Leg. 3, 12, 28). — mitigatio (C. and Auct. ad Herenn.). CORRECTLY, juste, recte. vere. — pure, emendate, —accurate.— eleganter [Syn. in Correct, adj.].— To conclude ( = infer) c, recte concludere : to judge c, vere judicare : not to judge c, perperam judicare : to speak c, pure or emendate dicere ; pure et Latine dicere : not c, vitiose. barbare. male (all of language). See Incorrectly. — You state it c, plane ita res est, ut dicis ; res ita se habet (ut dicis) : to discuss a subject c, accurate disputare (de qa re, fully and particularly) : printed c, emendate descriptus ; *ab omnibus vitiis purus : to print a book c, librum emendate describere : to write c, emendate scribere. CORRECTNESS, *justa ratio (proper order, pro- portion, or quality). — Veritas (truth). — elegantia (in the choice of words and phrases). — accuratio (studied c, very rare ; C. Brut. 67. 238).— often by Crcl. : to doubt the c. of an account ( = bill), *dubitare, num ratio constet or conveniat : to doubt the c. of a statement, *fidem narrationis in dubiura vocare ; *dubitare, num vera UUJX narrentur. C. of style, integritas sermonis (C.) ; oratio emendata, compta, &c. [see Pure.] sermo accuratus. || Correctness of life and conversation, recti mores ; vita honesta; vita emendatior [See under Cor- rect, adj.']. CORRECTOR, corrector, emendator (/. emenda- trix). Jn. corrector et emendator; also *qui (menda) corrigit. A c. of the press, qui librum perspicit et cor- rigit (aft. C. Att. 16, 7, extr.). *qui regere operas susce- pit. *qui plagulis emendandis praeest; also *corrector only. CORRELATIVES, quae se mutuo respiciunt. *quae sub eandem rationem cadunt (Nolt., correlata prps as t. t.). CORRESPOND, || Answer to at kg, respondere ci rei or (less frequently) ad qam rem (g. t.). — convenire ci rei (to suit). — non fallere qm or qd (to answer, e.g. one's expectation).— ci rei quasi ex altera parte respondere (e g. rhetoric to logic, C.) : the words c, verba verbis respondent : there is no Latin expression wch so nearly c.'s with the Greek hdovi], as the word voluptas, nullum verbum inveniri potest, quod magis idem declarat Latine, quod Graece h^ovi], quam declarat voluptas: the success does not c. with aby's expectations or hopes, eventus ci non respondent ad spem ; res longe aliter, ac quis ratus erat, or ac speraverat, evenit : correspond- ing words (in different languages), verba, quae idem de- clarant or significant (quod, &c). [See To Answer = correspond.] || To be placed or situated opposite, *exadversus qm stare, contra qd esse or positum esse, ex adverso positum esse (the first, of persons; the two last, of things). || To agree with, consentire. convenire. congruere. concordare [Syn. in Agree]. — Not to c. with, dissentire ; dissidere; discre- pare, abhorrere a qa re. || Hold intercourse by letters, literas dare et accipere: to c. with aby, cum qo per literas colloqui. »epistolarum commercium habere cum qo. CORRESPONDENCE, || Epistolary c, episto- larum commercium. literae remittendae atque acci- piendae (epistolary intercourse). — literarum sermo (as the means by wch absent friends converse) : a brisk c, literarum crebritas : epistolarum frequentia : an unin- terrupted c, assiduitas literarum : to carry on a c. with aby, *epistolarum commercium habere cumqo; collo- qui cum qo per literas : our c. has been interrupted, ♦epis- tolarum commercium jacet : our c. has been dropt, literae requiescunt. || Agreement, convenientia. — consensus, consensio. concentus [congruentia, post-Aug. and rare, Suet. Plin.]. || Friendly intercourse: ' To hold aood c. with' (Bacon), concorditer or familiariter vivere cum qo ; in gratia esse cum qo ; or by bene inter nos (vos, eos, &c.) convenit. CORRESPONDENT, s. «literarum commercio cum qo junctus — to be a punctual or good c, *crebras lite- ras ad qm dare : to be a dilatory or bad c, cessatorem esse in literis : he is a c. of mine, utor ejus Uteris. || Mercantile agent, cs procurator (C); or nego- tiorum curator (S. Jug. 71, 2). — per quem agimus. — To be aby's c, cs rationes negotiaque procurare; cs res gerere. CORRESPONDENT, adj. Corresponding: By respondens or qui (quae, quod) respondet. — consen- taneus, conveniens or congruens ci rei. accommodatus ad qd. — Jn. aptus consentaneusque (adapted to) corn- par (ci rei ; so like, as to form a pair with it). To show a c. affection, ci in amore respondere; or amori amore respondere (both C). A c. portico, porticus, quae ci rei (e. g. Palatio, C.) respondet or respondeat. A c. expression (in another language), verbum, quod idem declarat or significat, quod, &c. — To be c. to athg, re- spondere ci rei. See Answerable. CORRIDOR, prothyrum (see Vitr. 6, 7, 5). CORRIGIBLE, emendabilis (Liv.). qui corrigi or emendari potest. CORRIVAL, corrivalis (once, Q.). — see Competitor, Rival. CORROBORATE, confirmare qd (strengthen a state- ment ; e. g. testimonio, argumentis).— fidem ci rei ad- dere or afferre. — ClgHT but adjungere fidem ci rei, is to attach credit to it ; to believe it.] — fidem cs or cs rei con- firmare. — fidem facere ci rei (to cause it to be believed). — Every witness has corroborated the statement about this money of Dion's, (quorum) omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecunia confirmatum est (C). [JgSgr Not corroborare, which is ' to make strong,' ' strengthen,' 'confirm.'] CORROBORATIVE, quod confirmat qd or fidem cs rei. quod fidem ci rei affert or addit. CORRODE, rodere.— corrodere (C, very rare).— ero- (176) I COR dere (stronger) : rust c.'s iron, ferrum rubigine roditur (Ovid.). CORRODIBLE, qtloa rodi, corrodi potest. CORROSION, rosio (Cels. and Plin.). CORROSIVE, rodens. CORRUGATE, rugare. corrugare (e.g. nares, H.).— l$3!r Never corrugare frontem, but contrahere ; rugare fr. Hieron.] — See Wrinkle. CORRUPT, trans.) corrumpere (prop, to break to pieces ; hence, to make athg utterly bad and unservice- able; also of internal and moral corruption. Also of falsifying writings, documents, fyc.).— depravare (fm pravus, to pervert fm its right use, direction, fyc. ; hence, to make athg relatively bad; also of moral corrup- tion; dep. mores; qm). — Jn. corrumpere ac depravare. — vitiare (to destroy the purity or genuineness of athg ; e. g. auras; also to falsify writings). Jn. vitiare et corrumpere. adulterare (e. g. judicium veri, jus pecu- nia). — infuscare (prop, to make athg dark-coloured, de- stroy its transparency ; hence, fig. to make athg impure by some addition, e. g. saporem vini). To c. a word (by bad pronunciation), nomen, verbum, &c, corrumpere (S.). To c. a person, qm depravare, or corrumpere ; cs mores depravare or corrumpere ; cs animum corrum- pere ; vitiis suis inficere qm ; vitia sua ci allinere, affri- care (of one who c.'s by his own bad example, Sen.) — qm ad nequitiam adducere (Ter.) : to c. by indulgence, indulgentia depravare. || Make dishonest by bribery, corrumpere, with or without pecunia, mer- cede, pretio, largitione, &c. — pretio mercari qm ; lar- gitione cs voluntatem redimere (to buy him). — donis qm ad suam causam perducere (win his support by gifts). — largitione cs mentem caecare (blind his eyes by a gift). — To try to c. aby, qm pecunia sollicitare or op- pug n are ; cs animum donis tentare; cs corruptelam moliri : to be, or, allow oneself to be corrupted, lar- gitionibus moveri ; pecuniam accipere (e. g. ob dicen- dum falsum testimonium) ; pecuniam accipere ac pretio fidem habere addictam ; fidem pecunia mutare ; by aby, pecuniam accipere a qo ; se vendere ci : not to allow oneself to be corrupted, largitioni resistere ; ad- versum dona invictum animum gerere (habitually ; S. Jug. 43, extr.). One who c.'s ; see Corrupter. To c. the judge (in a cause), judicium corrumpere ; jus pecunia adulterare. — One who cannot be corrupted, in- corruptus, integer (opp. venalis pretio). CORRUPT, intr.) putrescere ; putrefieri. cor- rumpi; depravari ; vitiari [Syn. in Corrupt, trans.]. — pessum ire (to be ruined, destroyed) : the corn c.'s, frumentum corrumpitur. CORRUPT, || In a moral sense: impurus (im- pure). — incestus (unchaste).— inquinatus (polluted). — perditus (lost without hope). — profligatus (profligate). — turpis (vile); Jn. perditus profligatusque. — C. man- ners, mores corrupti depravatique ; mores turpes ; mores perditi. See also Vicious. || Bribed, venalis pretio.— gratia depravatus (by personal or party feeling). See To Corrupt = bribe: a c. judge, numarius judex. — 1| Spoiled, corruptus ; vitiatus. depravatus. [Syn. in To Corrupt.] || In a state of decomposi- tion, putrefactus. putridus. — C. blood, insincerus cruor (Virg.). || Falsified, adulterinus ; subditus ; vitia- tus. A c. passage, *locus librarii manu depravatus. To restore c. passages, *depravatis locis (veterum scrip- torum) mederi (Ruhnk.). See False. CORRUPTER, corruptor. fern, corruptrix. — cor- rupted (abstr. pro concr. ; in a moral point of view, e.g. liberorum nostrum). — perditor, e. g. of the state, rei- publicae.— pernicies. pestis (the plague, ruin, fyc. of youth, and of the state, adolescentium, reipublicae). || Briber, corruptor. largitor. CORRUPTIBILITY, Crcl. e. g. to deny the c. of athg, *negare qdcorrumpi, depravari, vitiari, &c. posse. || Willingness to receive a bribe,* animus venalis. CORRUPTIBLE, quod corrumpi, depravari, vitiari potest [corruptibilis, Lact.]. || Willing to receive a bribe, venalis (pretio, that may be bought, opp. in- corruptus, integer). CORRUPTION, || Act of corrupting, or state of being corrupted, corruptio (rare: prps only C. Tusc. 4, 13, 28, totius corporis corruptio as defini- tion of morbus ; and id. ib. 29, corruptione opinionum). — depravatio (e. g. of mind). flgf° Obs. co'rruptela is what contributes to the c. of athg ; or c. as action, corruptela juventutis (gen. obj.), Krebs. \\ State of decomposition, putor. — putredo (the state of putre- faction). || In a moral sense, corruptio ; depra- vatio ; pravitas ; turpitudo [Syn. in To Corrupt]. — C. of mind, depravatio et fceditas animi ; of man- ners, mores corrupti depravatique. mores perditi. COR mores turpes.— mores corruptela depravati (C. Legg. 2, 15; not corruptela morum). || Bribery, corruptela (with ref. to the demoralization of the person bribed). — largitio {with ref. to the bribe itself). — ambitus (with ref. to the canvassing, e.g. for places under government). CORRUPTLY, corrupte (e.g. judicare, C.).— vitiose; turpiter ; depravate ; flagitiose ; mendose ; improbe ; impure ; ineeste ; scelerate [Syn. in Corrupt and Vicious]. CORRUPTNESS; see Corruption. CORSAIR, pirata (ireipari^), or pure Latin, praedo maritimus, or fm context, praedo only. — archipirata (upxtTteipaji]?, the chieftain). CORSE; see Corpse. CORSET, *thorax linteus ; orprps, mamillare (used for confining the bosom; Mart. 14, 66). CORSLET, thorax (of brass, reaching from the neck down to the groin, Liv. 42, 61; loricae thoracesque). — lorica (of untanned leather). — cataphracta (iron or brass armour made in the shape of fish-scales, for men and animals) : to cover aby with a c, lorica or thorace or cataphracta induere qm. To put on a c, lorica or thorace or cataphracta se tegere or se induere : covered with a c, ferratus, cataphractus (Tac. Ann. 3, 45, 3. Liv. 35, 48); loricatus; cum lorica. CORTEGE, comitatus. oomites (g. it. for compa- nions, attendants on a journey, §c). — cohors. asseclae (suite; coh. esply of a governor going out to his pro- vince). — stipatio, stipatores corporis (for security). Also Crcl., qui eunt or proficiscuntur cum qo ; qui sunt cum qo ; quos qs secum ducit, qui qm sequuntur, comi- tantur : to be seen in aby's c, inter comites ducis as- pici : to belong to the c. of a prcetor, asseclam praetoris esse : to join aby's c, se comitem ci adjungere. CORTICATED, corticosus (of trees, plants, %c.).— corticatus (that has apart of the rind or bark clinging to it, Pallad. ; e. g. pix, resin that has been taken from a tree with a part of the bark, Colum.). CORUSCANT, coruscus (V.). fulgens. nitens. mi- cans. [Syn. in To Shine.] CORUSCATION, coruscatio (Solin.) ; fulgor; splen- dor; nitor [Syn. in Shine]. CORVETTE, celox [§*g°Not corbita. See Ship.] CORYMBUS, corymbus (esply of the ivy). CORYPHAEUS, coryphaeus («opu^ator; e. g. cor. Epicureorum Zeno, C). — princeps. COSMETIC, lenocinium. adjumentum ad pulchri- tudinem (Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 55 ; both as means of beau- tifying). COSMOGONY, (prps) indagatio initiorum et tam- quam seminnm, unde sint omnia orta, generata, con- creta (C. Tusc. 5, 24, 69). COSMOGRAPHER, cosmographus (Koapoypdcpo?, Auct. de Progen. Aug. 2). COSMOGRAPHICAL, *ad descriptionem mundi pertinens. COSMOGRAPHY, descriptio mundi; *cosmogra- phYa (KO>e chosen member of a c, in consilium delectum esse (C). — fieri publici consilii participem (of a state-c, C). \\ Coun- cil of war, consilium militare or castrense, or, fm context, consilium only. — praetorium (if assembled in or before the tent of the commander-in-chief). — duces or principes, quos sibi imperator ad consilium capien- dum deligit (Cces. B. G. 7, 36) ; fm context, duces or principes only (if composed of the superior officers) : to hold a c. of war, consilium habere ; to summon one, cons, convocare; to dismiss or break up one, praetorium or duces dimittere : the c. meets or assembles, duces conveniunt : to lay athg before a c. of war, rem de- ferre ad consilium (Cces.) ; referre qd ad consilium (Np.). C. -chamber, curia. || Meeting of the heads of the Church, «concilium principum rei Chris- tianas, or concilium only. — synodus (Eccl.). COUNCILLOR, consiliarius (as t.t., with the ancients it was one who gave advice in a particular case). — *a consiliis. — senator (member of the state council). — de- curio (town-c. in a small town). Privy c, see Cabinet- c, under Cabinet. COUNSEL, || Deliberation, consultatio. consi- (178) COU Hum (the former, as act; the latter, as state).— delibe- ratio (a mature consideration of what is to be done, ivhat resolution is to be taken, fyc.) : to take c, consul- tare or deliberare de re ; in consilium ire, de re ; con- silium habere, de re (of several persons) : to take c. with aby, consultare or deliberare cum qo ; qm in consilium vocare or assumere or adhibere ; consilium capere una cum qo : to take c. together, consilia inter se commu- nicare : to take c. with oneself, se solum in consilium vocare : as to the rest, I had rather that you should lake c. with yourself, de reliquo malo te ipsum loqui tecum (Cad Div. \2,3,extr.). || Advice, consilium (g. t.). — auctoritas (if pronounced by a person of weight) : good c, consilium bonum or rectum: bad c, con- silium malum ; male consulta, pi. (bad c.'s) : prudent, wise, salutary c, consilium prudens, sanum, sapiens; by my c, me auctore; me suasore or consuasore. Jn. me auctore et consuasore, or me suasore et auctore ; me suasore et impulsore : to give aby c, ci consilium dare ; consilii auctorem esse ci : to give aby good, faith- ful c, ci rectum, fidele consilium dare ; maxime uti- lia ci suadere (very salutary c): to ask for aby's c, qm consulere (if by writing, per literas) ; petere consilium a qo ; exquirere consilium cs : to offer one's c. and ad- vice, consilii copiam praebere (e. g. of a physician, Tac. Ann. 6, 50, 2): to follow aby's c, sequi cs consilium ; cs consilio uti ; cs consilio obtemperare. I follow aby's c. in athg, quod mihi dederit qs de qa re consilium, id sequor: to act according to aby's c. and advice, facere de or ex cs consilio : to disregard aby's c, cs consilium spernere (t): to assist aby with good c, ci adesse ; ci praesto adesse ; ci non deesse. || = Counsellor, vid. || Purpose, consilium. — id quod volo, cupio (id, quod vult or cupit qs). — propositum. — quod specto, sequor, peto (or quod spectat, &c. qs). Secret c.'s, consilia ar- cana, interiora. To declare, entrust, $c. one's c.'s to aby, consilia sua credere ci (Ter.). To keep one's own c. in any matter, qd taciturn tenere, habere ; secum habere ; tacere, reticere ; celare ; occulere ; occultare ; occulte ferre. — taciturn, tamquam mysterium, tenere. || Prudence in planning, advising, #c., consi- lium (e. g. vir maximi consilii; est in qo satis con- silii). COUNSEL, v. consiliari (mly absol. ; but H. A. P. 196; ille bonis faveat et consilietur amice). — consilium dare. — To c. aby to do athg, auctorem esse cs rei, or with infin.; also with ut (e. g. mihi, ut absim, vehe- menter auctor est ; C. Att. 15, 5, 2). — suasorem esse cs rei. suadere ci qd, or, mly, with ut. — hortatorem esse cs rei. hortari qd. hortari (qm), ut. — Jn. suadere et hortari ; auctorem et suasorem esse. — monere or ad- monere qm (ut, ne). — censere (ut, or followed by subj., without ut. — Syn. in Advise). — To c. peace, pacis auc- torem esse ; pacem suadere ; e.d pacem hortari : to c. unanimity, hortari ad concordiam. I c. you to leave off, censeo desistas. Those who will not be counselled, cannot be helped, *actum est de iis, qui spernunt mo- nentes or recte praecipientes. COUNSELLOR, || Adviser, consiliarius. — consi- liorum cs socius et adjutor. — auctor consilii or consi- liorum, or, fm context, auctor only. — suasor. impulsor. monitor, consiliorum minister or minister only. Jn. auctor et consuasor. suasor et auctor. auctor et im- pulsor. consiliarius et administer, consiliarius et auc- tor [Syn. in Adviser]. — A faithful, friendly, expe- rienced c, consiliarius fidelis, benevolus, non imperitus (or -issimus ; all C). The king and his c.'s, rex ipse consiliariique ejus (C.) : his friends and c.'s, amici et consiliarii ejus : to have aby for one's c, cs consilio or consiliis uti ; qm consiliorum auctorem habere: to be aby's a, consilium ci dare ; consilii auctorem esse ci. — consilio regere qm (of one who regularly influences an- other). || Advocate, causarum actor, causidicus. ad- vocatus. actor, cognitor. [Syn. and phrases in Advo- cate.] COUNT, s. || Computation, vid. || Charge in an indictment, formula (the prescribed legal form; of wch several might be used, but not ' in publicis judi- ciis,' in Quintilian's time, Cf. Q. 3, 10, 1 ; privata judi- cia unum judicem habere multis et diversis for- mulas solent). There are many c's in the indictment, *multis et diversis formulis accusatur qs or actio ci intenditur. There are two c.'s in the indictment ; one charging the prisoner with sacrilege, another with man- slaughter, qs sacrilegii et homicidii simul accusatur (Q. 3, 10, 1 ; where others read, simul et homicidii). (g^p" An action in wch the indictment had different c.'s, was, causa conjuncta (opp. causa simplex; Q. 3, 10, 1). COUNT (as title of honour), *comes : the title of c, *nomen comitis : the rank of c., *comitis dignitas : to cou confer upon aby the title of c, *qm comitis nomine et dignitate ornare: the seat, residence, $c. of a c. sedes or domicilium comitis. COUNT, v. numerum inire. — To c. athg, qd nurae- rare (g. t. also = to reckon amongst). — dinumerare (to c. the whole number, one by one; to c. all through). — numerum cs rei inire or exsequi or efficere (to c. over); computare (to reckon) : enumerando percensere (to reckon them all through, naming each): to c. the stars, Stellas dinumerare : to c. on one's fingers, numerare digitis or per digitos ; computare digitis : to c. the number of troops, numerum copiarum inire : not to be able to c. up all a person's services, promerita enume- rando percensere non posse : it is correctly counted, numerus convenit : to c. ( = have) many friends, multos amicos numerare (0. Trist. 1, 9, 5), or habere : veterans who c. thirty years of service, veterani tricena stipendia numerantes (Tac. Ann. 1, 35, 2) or meriti : to c. athg by such or such a thing, qd numerare ex qa re (as C. de Or. 2, 32, in. ; ea, si ex reis numeres innumerabilia sunt, si ex rebus, &c.) : the Gauls do not c. by days, but by nights, Galli non dierum numerum, sed noctium computant ; or Galli spatia omnis temporis non numero dierum, sed noctium finiunt. || Esteem, consider, look upon as, ducere. putare. ponere. numerare. — arbitrari. judicare, existimare. §jg§r All these, except ponere, have two accusatives, when the person or thing really is, or is believed by us to be, what we consider him. But to express that we treat him like such or such a person, put him in the situation of such a person relatively to ourselves, then we use either qm pro (aft. habere, putare ; seld. aft. ducere), or (in) numero, with gen. plur. (aft. habere, ducere, existimare), or with ' in,' and ab I. sing, or pi ur. (aft. putare, ponere, numerare; also aft. habere). — If an adj. is used predicatively with 'count,' it should be translated either by 'in,' with abl. of subst. (aft. ponere, ducere), or by dat. of subst. (aft. habere, ducere) ; or by gen. of adj., used substantively with esse and habeo, &c. (see examples below). — To c. a person one's enemy, habere qm hostem (so far as he really is so) ; habere qm pro hoste, or, in hostium numero (so far as one looks upon and treats him as such) : to c. aby a god, habere qm deum. numerare qd (e. g. caelum) deum : to c. athg a favour, ponere qd in bene- ficio. habere qd beneficii loco et gratiae (C.) : to c. athg an evil, habere qd in malis : to c. it an insult, igno- miniae loco ferre qd : to c. a man happy, qm beatum habere : to c. it honorable, qd honori habere or ducere ; qd in laude ponere, or laudi ducere ; qd in gloria ducere or ponere : it has ever been counted wise, semper sapientis est habitum (e.g. tempori cedere). To c. aby your friend, qm in tuum numerum ascribere : one's friend, numerare qm inter suos : to c. as or for nothing, qd pro nihilo ducere ; nullo loco habere or numerare. || To reckon or depend upon, spem in qo ponere or collocare ; auxilium or salutem a qo exspectare : you may count upon me, tihi non deero : to c. on athg, qd pro certo expectare. I c. upon you, *spero fore ut venias (i. e. reckon on your coming) ; fac mihi non desis (on your assistance): not to c. on athg, in qa re nihil spei reponere posse. Seealso To Confide in ; Reckon on. || To calculate, rationes or calculos subducere ; rationem inire et subducere ; fm the co?i- text, subducere only (as C. Alt. 5, 21. 12). COUNTENANCE, vultus (v. pr.). — os (the whole face, as image of the inner man). A friendly c, vultus benignus : a cheerful c, vultus hilaris, serenus : a quiet or tranquil c, vultus tranquillus : a tranquil and serene c, frons tranquilla et serena (C. Tusc. 3, 15, 31): a sad c, vultus maestus: a sad or dull c, vultus tris- tis : a serious c, vultus severus ; vultus adductus (wrinkled like that of one deep in thought): an important c, supercilium grande (Juvenal. 6, 169) : a bold or in- pudent c, os durum or ferreum (as quality ; fm c, context, os only, as C. Verr. 4, 29, 66 ; os hominis in- signemque impudentiam cognoscite) : a hypocritical c, vultus ficti, simulati : to assume a calm c, frontem ex- plicare or exporrigere (t); faciem or vultum diffun- dere ; frontem remittere : to put on a sad c, vultum ad tristitiam adducere : to assume a serious c, seve- rum vultum induere (+); vultum adducere (that of a person profoundly thinking) : to assume an angry c, frontem contrahere : to assume a threatening c, super- cilia tollere (cf. Catull. 57, 46) : to put on a different c, vultum mutare : novos capere vultus (poet.) ; vultum fingere (i. e. a c. not corresponding with one's feelings, e. g. a cheerful c. whilst one is mourning, see Cats. B. G. 1, 39, med.). To have a cheerful, dull, sad, fyc. c, hilari, maesto, tristi, &c, vultu esse : to take athg with a cheerful c, benigno vultu qd excipere (aft. 0. Fast. 1,3); (179) COU to invite aby with a friendly c. , qm benigno vultu in hos- pitium invitare (L. 26, 28)": stupidity is written on aby's c, vecordia piorsus inest in cs vultu : to change c, see To Change colour. — to put out of c, qm differre (to put him out, so that he does not know what to say, see Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 2, 4, 5) ; qm or cs animum conturbare or perturbare (to confuse aby) ; qm in angustias adducere (stronger): to keep one's c, risum tenere or continere. || Encouragement, tutela ( Iggp The nearest words are those that imply favour, protection, ap- proval).— prsesidium. — clientela (properly the relation of the protegee to his protector).— patrocinium (paternal protection wch a patron affords to his client) : to give c, ci auxiliari or opem ferre ; ci favere. See To Counte- nance. To claim aby's c. and protection, conferre se in fidera et clientelam cs (C); commendare se ci in clientelam et fidem (Ter.). COUNTENANCE, v. ci auxiliari or opem ferre (render assistance). — ci favere (to favour aby, or promote his interests by advice and assistance). — ci tribuere (to be favorably disposed towards aby, to interest one- self for him, e. g. quum ordini publicanorum libentis- sime tribuerim, C). See also To Favour. You c. it, ifynu do not cry out against it, *rem, cum quiescis, probas (aft. C). COUNTER, || Shop-table, *mensa tabernaria or mensa only. \\ An imitation of coin, calculus (a small stone, used by the ancients for computations). COUNTER, adv. To run c. to athg, adversari or repugnare (be opposed to it).— qd negligere (legem, &c). — qd non servare (e. g. legem, consuetudinem). — qd migrare (e. g. jus civile). — contra or secus facere (act agst a rule, command, $c). — To run c. to a direction, extra praescriptum egredi: to one's own interests, re- pugnare utilitati suae : to run c. the one to the other, inter se contraria esse. COUNTERACT, obviam ire ci rei ; occurrere ci rei (to take preventive measures). — Jn. occurrere atque ob- sistere (C). — comprimere. reprimere. supprimere (to check it, keep it under) : to c. aby's designs, cs consi- liis occurrere atque obsistere(C) : the factious proceed- ings of our enemies, factioni inimicorum resistere (C). — obniti. obluctari (struggle agst). — To c. the symptoms of a disease, morbo opponere medicinam. See Resist, Oppose. COUNTERACTION, * vis contraria (force, acting in the opp. direction). || Purpose, act, &c. of resist- ing: Crcl. My plans for the c. of aby's designs, con- silia, quibus ci restiti (C. 2 de Oral. 48), or ci resisto, resistam, &c. (according to the time meant). COUNTERBALANCE, s. *vis renitens (aft. Plin. 2, 82, 84, e. g. altera vis alteri renititur).— aequipondium (in so far as it establishes an equilibrium with another weight, Vitr. 10, 3,4). COUNTERBALANCE, v. aequare. exaequare (to make equal).— pensare. compensare qd qa re (to weigh, as it were, one thing agst the other, to establish an equi- librium). — parem calculum ponere cum qa re (to give as good in return, e. g. a present, Plin. Ep. 5, 2, = remunerari qm quam simillimo munere) : the benefits received c. those conferred, par est ratio acceptorum et datorum : to c. the deficiency in the revenue by economy, quod cessat ex reditu, frugalitate supplere. COUNTER-BASS, prps vox gravissima. COUNTERCHANGE, commutatio. See Change. COUNTERCHANGE, v. See To Change. COUNTERCHARGE, *actio petitori intenta.— For the meaning of actio contraria, see Gesn. Thes. s. v. Actio, p. 220- COUNTERCHARM, v. *incantatum or effascinatum praestigiis exsolvere. COUNTERFEIT, \\Make a (fraudulent) imi- tation of, imitari (g. t.). — imitando exprimere or effingere ; Jn. effingere et exprimere. imitari et ex- primere ; also effingere or exprimere only. — assimulare (to make athg like another ; then with accessory notion of deception ; e. g. the human voice, sermonem huma- num) : to c. aby's handwriting, cs chirogrftphum imi- tari or assimulare : to c. money, numos adulterinos per- cutere (aft. Suet. Ner. 25); monetam adulterinam ex- ercere (Ulp. Dig. 48, 13, 6, § 1): to c. a will, testa- mentum subjicere, supponere, subdere. — See Forge. || To put on the appearance of, simulate or assimulare (e. g. sim. studiurn cs rei, zeal in a cause; mortem, metum, diffidentiam cs rei; sedulitatem ; assimulare anum [t] ; se laetum) : to c. sickm-ss, simu- lare aegrum ; assimulare se aegrum ; simulare vale- tudinem : to c. learning, simulare se doctum esse ; simulare doctrinam : to c. cheerfulness, assimulare se laetum ; or hilaritatem fingere : to c. piety, *se pium N 2 cou eTga deum simulare : ihe appearance of youth, mentiri juvenem (t Mart.); insanity, simulare se furere (C). COUNTERFEIT, COUNTERFEITED, ficticius(^. t. not genuine, e. g. jewels, wine, Plin. 37, 13, 76, and 15, 7, 7, ed. Hard.) ; adulterinus (with accessory notion of deceit or falsification, opp. bonus, e. g. of coin, a false key, $c. opp. verus). — falsus [false in general, e. g. a letter). — fucosus. fucatus {that has only the external appearance of athg, opp. sincerus, probus, e. g. mer- chandize). — subditus. suppositus. subditicius. insiti- vus (e. g. of a book, a will, fyc. ).— simulatus. rictus, conflctus (not natural, but produced by art; forced; e. g. lacrimae conflctae) : c. piety, *pietas erga deum simulata. A man of c. piety, *pietatis erga deum simulator: one c. tear, una falsa lacrimula: in a c. manner, simulare ; simulatione ; per simulationem ; ficte; falso; fallaciter. COUNTERFEIT, s. Crcl. with the adjectives tinder Counterfeit ; e. g. to prove athg to be a c, qd adul- terinum ( ficticium, &c.) esse probare (aft. Q. 2, 17, 17). COUNTERFEITER, falsarius (who commits forgery, see Suet. Tit. 3).— falsus signator (who affixes a false seal to athg, e. g. a will, S. Cat. 16, 2; cf. C. Cluent. 14, 41 ; testamentum signis adulterinis obsignare). — testamentarius (a forger of wills, C. Off. 3, 18, 73).— adulterator (who adulterates athg, Pandects). — para- charactes (irapaxapaKr^, Cod. Theod. 9, 21, 9, a coiner of false money). COUNTERMAND, «aliter or contra praecipere. — ♦aliter, atque antea, przecipere. COUNTERMAND, s. imperium mutatum. COUNTERMARCH, v. signa con vertere.— signis conversis retro redire (L. 8, 11 ; in urbem, 8). — versis signis qm locum repetere (of countermarching to a par- ticular place, L. 9, 35). — reducere (march back, e.g. exercitum, legiones, &c). — castra retro movere (L. 2, 58) : to be countermarched, retro repetere viam (to retrace their steps, L. 9, 2). COUNTERMARCH, s. *iter conversum, oppositum, contrarium. — conversa signa or (L.) versa signa; or by iter retro (e. g. Ccel. in C. ad Div. 8, 15 ; quodnam ob scelus iter mihi necessarium retro ad Alpes versus incidit ? Cf. fuga retro, Liv. 8, 19; fugam magis retro quam prcelium — spectante milite). — redi- tus (g. t. for return). — Or by Crcl. with verbs under To Countermarch. By a c, conversis signis. COUNTERMARK, tessera (g. t. for any ticket). COUNTERMINE, s. cuniculus transversus (L. 28, 8). — to make a c, see To Countermine. COUNTERMINE, v. transversis cuniculis hostium cuniculos excipere. fig.) obviam ire. occurrere (adopt preventive measures). — *fraudem fraude repellere. COUNTERPANE, or COUNTERPOINT, see Co- verlet. COUNTERPART, res ci rei simillima (exceedingly like it). — res ci rei compar (quite equal to it). — res ci rei ex altera parte respondens (corresponding to it). — To be the c. of athg, ci rei similem or simillimum esse (vid. L. 4, 54) ; ci rei comparem esse (vid. L. 28, 42) ; ci rei ex altera parte respondere (vid. C. Or. 32, 114). COUNTERPLEA, *actio petitori intenta (not actio contraria. vid. Countercharge). COUNTERPLOT, s. See the next word. COUNTERPLOT, v. To c.-p., *fraudem fraude repellere. COUNTERPOISE, v. pari pondere parem pensio- nem perficere (to produce an equilibrium by making the two weights equal). — examinare (Vitr. 10, 8, of the lever ; caput vectis faciundo motus circinationis cogit pres- sionibus examinare paucis manibus oneris max- imi pondus). — tantumdem pendere (Lucr. 1, 360). — librare (Plin. hujus [aeris] vi suspensam — librari medio spatio tellurem). — pari memento librare (aft. Col. 3, 12. 3; temperamentum pari momento libratum). — Fig. II To make equal to, qd ci rei in aequo or parem ponere ; qd ci rei par facere. — sequare or adae- quare qd cum qa. re.— compensare qd cum qa re or qa re (e. g. bona cum vitiis, H. laetitiam cum doloribus, C). COUNTERPOISE, s. sarcoma, atis, n. (the weight placed in the other scale, or appended to the other arm, fyc, Vitr. 9, prcef. 9, and 10).— asquipondium (this weight, so far as it establishes an equilibrium agst an- other iveight, Vitr. 10, 3, 4). — paria pondera. — See Equi- librium. COUNTERPOISON, antidStus or antidotum (" The area in front of a Roman house, together with the adjoining halls, formed the vestibulum, where the clients assembled. — propa- tulum (a • front-c). — cavum aedium or (later) cavnedium (the inner c, round wch the rooms of the house were arranged. — flg^T It was roofed in with the exception of an open space called the compluvium, through wch opening the rain-water fell into the impluvium, i. e. the uncovered part of the c, see Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 319). — chors or cohors (a yard for cattle). — fl^^p" aula, an open place before the houses of the Greeks, where also cattle were kept, only occurs, in this meaning, in the Latin poets. || The residence of a sovereign, or the sove- reign himself, and those by whom he is sur- rounded ; aula (g. t. post-Aug.). — regia (the royal palace ; then = royal family, see L. 24, 22, extr. : affinitate regiam contingere, 35, 19, mid. ; hoc patria extorrem in tuam regiam adduxit). — palatium. do- mus palatina (the palace of the emperor ; time of Empp. ). — rex. princeps (the king, prince, himself).— aulici (the courtiers). — |]g|yr curia and curiales are very late. The royal, imperial c, aula regia; aula Augusta: to stand well at c, aula et rege potitum esse (T. Ann. 6, 43, 1) : aby is a favorite by the c, aulse favor inclinat in qm (aft. T. Ann. 2, 56, 2); *au)a ci favet (instead of wch T. Hist 1, 13, extr. has: aula in qm prona, ivch, however, is to be rejected on account of pronus ; see Inclined). . Not to be fit for a c, non aulae accom- modatum esse ingenio (Curt. 8, 8, 21) ; to be the butt of the c, inter ludibria aulae esse (Suet. Ner. 6) : he sub- jected king Narseus, together with his children, Ms wives, and the whole court, Narseum regem in ditionem subegit, simul liberos conjugesque et aulam regiam (Aurel. Vict, de Cess. 39, 35) : an officer at c, purpu- ratus. *muneri aulico praefectus ; famulus aulicus (a menial; late): c. intrigues, *fraus or fallacia aulae; vafrae aulicorum artes : persons who are initiated in c. intrigues, interiores aulici (Suet. Cal. 19, Ruhnk.) : a lady about the c., *femina nobilis, quae vivit cum regina (fm the context, fem. nob. only ; see Curt. 3, 11, 25): one who has been introduced at c, qui (quae) ad aulam admittitur : the fashion or manners at c, or of the c, aulae ingenium (i. e. the peculiar tone that prevails); consuetudo regia (with ref. to the sovereign himself, see Np. Bat. 5, 4) ; *mos aulicorum (with ref. to the courtiers) : the splendour of the c, or at c, appa- ratus aulicus or regius. || Art of pleasing, civi- lity. To pay one's c. to aby; to make c. — See To Court. || Court of justice, and the judges collectively, judicium (the place where justice is ad- ministered and the judges). — judices (the judges; in Rome, the prcetor). — tribunal (the tribunal or bench on wch the judge and his assessors were seated). — subsellia (the benches of the judges and advocates). — forum (the public place where the c. was held). — The king's (or queen's) c. of justice, *regis tribunal : to appear befire the c, in judicium venire (Np. Ep. 8) ; se sistere (at a fixed time, of the defendant and the bail) ; vadimonium sistere (of the bail, opp. vadimonium deserere) : to appear for aby in c, ci adesse in judicio (as counsel for the defendant): to surround the c. with armed men, judicium claudere cou militibus armatis (Q.). In the three c.'s, in trino or triplici foro (*. e. the forum Romanum ; for. Julii Cae- saris ; for. Augusti) : to remove a cause fm the c.'s of law to the assembly of the people, judicium a subselliis in rostra deferre : to explain what the cause before the c. is, exponere, quae causa in judicium deducta sit (C.) : to sit in c, sedere judicem : to bring a matter before the c, qd deferre ad judices. To settle a matter out of c, rem intra parietes peragere. None of the c.'s sat, or, Hhe c.'s were closed, for some days, justitium per aliquot dies servatum est (L.) : to open the c.'s (after a vaca- tion), justitium remittere (L.): to proclaim or give notice that the c.'s will be shut, justitium indicere : to hold a c, conventum agere ; forum agere {i. e. quum is, qui provinciae praeest, civitates vocat, et de controver- siis eorum cognoscit, Fest.). — jus dicere (g. t.). To be put out of c, causa cecidisse ; causam perdidisse. COURT, v. ]| Pay court to, qm cultu quodam et honore prosequi (aft. C. de Invent. 2, 53, fin.). — se ci venditare (to insinuate oneself into his favour by flat- tery, 8)-c.).—cs gratiam aucupari: to c. aby by flattery, blandiri ci [^^ not abblandiri ci]. — assentatiuncula qa cs gratiam aucupari : to c. the people, studium populi ac favorem aucupari (Flor.). — To c. a female, qam colere (Suet. Otho, 2) ; cs cultorem esse (0. A. A. 1, 722) ; amare qam or amatorem esse cs (A cultor is not necessarily an amator, 0.) ; cs amore teneri or captum esse (to be in love with).— Obs. nuptiis ambire is used of parents making proposals of marriage to a person; e. g. to one considered a good match (T. Germ. 18; cf. connubiis ambire, V.) : to c. avaricious widows, venari viduas avaras. || Endeavour to obtain, aucupari (e. g. gratiam cs ; studium ac favorem populi) ; captare (e. g. plausus, misericordiam, favorem populi). —venari (e. g. laudem). — quaerere. COURT-BARON, *eee leges, quas ad praedia benefi- ciaria pertinent ; *jus feudale (t. t.). COURT OF CHANCERY, *curatores rei pupillaris. COURT-CHAPLAIN, *a sacris regiis orator. *a sacris principis orator. fS^" Avoid concionator aulicus. COURT-CHAPLAINCY, *munus oratoris a sacris regiis. COURT-DAY, dies judicii (L. 2, 54). COURT-DRESS, vestis, quam aulici gerunt or ge- rere consueverunt (aft. Np. Bat. 3, 1). COURT-DRESSER (= flatterer, Locke), parasitus (wapd,f the night, nocte. — multa de nocte (= late at night, e. g. proficisci). — intempesta nocte (in the dead of the night). — clam noctu (e. g. ex praesidiis eftugere, Np. Eum.2, extr.). — 1| At table, mappa (convivae). — A table of twenty c.'s, *ccena viginti convivis instructa or apparata. || Covert; vid. || Pre- text, involucrum (e. g. simulationis, C. Quint. Fr. 1, 1,5, § 15); integumentum; velamentum. obtentus. praescriptio. titulus. See Pretext, Pretence. GOV COVER, v. tegere (g. t.).— contegere. obtegere. in- tegere. protegere (to c. over ; with athg, qd qa, re).— velare. operire. cooperire {to envelope).— sternere. con- sternere. insternere (to spread over athg). — occultare. abscondere (to hide). — vestire. convestire (to clothe, of persons, also of the natural covering of animals, villis vestire; then also of things, e. g. a tomb covered with thorns, sepulcrum vepribus vestitum). — sepire et ves- tire (e. g. oculos membranis). See also To Hide from. — obducere (to c. over ; of ivhat is drawn over as an outward coating or layer ; e. g. arbores cortice obdueuntur : to c. over with a hard skin, cailum obducere ci rei : the sky is covered with clotids, ccelum nubibus obducitur; also fig.: to c. the plainest things with a dark cloud, obducere tenebras rebus clarissimis). — [@^° Tegere is also used of water cover- ing (i. e. rising higher than) piles, Sfc. ; of course not tegere lectum, mensam, kc.,but sternere.] Every thing was covered with snow, omnia nives oppleverant : ivy c.'s every thing, hedera omnia convestit : to c. one's head, caput velare, operire (C), adoperire (L ): with his head covered, capite operto (C.) : to c. one's naked- ness, *vestibus ad verecundiam velatum esse : to c. the sea with fleets, the river with ships, maria classibus, amnem navigiis consternere : to c. the earth with flowers, humum spargere floribus : a covered walk, cryptoporticus (having the sides closed) ; ambulatio tecta (for walking) : covered with dust, pulvere sparsus : covered with ivounds, vulneribus onustus, obrtttus : a breast covered with scars, pectus insigne cicatricibus bello acceptis : to c. aby with garlands (to honour him), complere qm coronis ac floribus : with abuse, omnia maledicta in qm conferre : covered with glory, gloria circumfluens : covered with infamy, §c., infamia et dedecore opertus (C.) ; coopertus flagi- tiis et facinoribus (S.) or sceleribus (ft): to c. with thatch, stramento tegere (Cces.), integere (Hirt.) : to c. with shingles, scandulis contegere : with turf, caespiti- bus consternere (e. g. tabernacula, Cces.) : to c. the walls with marble, parietes marmoribus excolere : to c. the walls of a room with pictures, tabulis cubiculi parie- tes vestire ; cubiculum tabellis picturarum adornare : to c. with festoons and roses, sertis redimire et rosa : with festoons, sertis velare (e. g. a house, #c, 0. Trist. 4, 2, 3) : covered with rags, pannis obsitus : to c. with planks or boards, contabulare. A covered ( = decked) boat, scapha, &c, tecta, or tecta et instructa : to c. much ground, raros constitisse (e. g. Samnites rari constiterant, were drawn up so as to c. much ground). \\ To protect, tegere (g. t. ; also 1. 1. for covering the position of an army). — protegere (to guard fm harm by preventive measures) : fin athg, a qa, re or contra qd. — munire (by a defence set up as a fortress ; a qa re or contra qd ; also fig. e. g. oculos membranis munire or sepire, to c. the eyes with a membrane for their protection). — obtegere (e. g. partem castrorum vineis, Cces. B. C. 3, 54). — praesidio esse (of troops; e.g. praes. esse impedimentis). — ab incursionibus hostium tueri (of covering a district). To e. the retreat, fugientem tegere ( = /o conceal his retreat ; Cces. 6, 30). — agmen claudere, et novissimis praesidio esse (Cces.) ; hos- tium (*insequentium) impetum sustinere (Cces.). He sent the cavalry to c. his retreat, equitatum, qui susti- neret hostium impetum, misit (Cess. B. G. 1, 24): to be covered by mountains, montium altitudine tegi : the right wing of his army was covered by the brook, dex- trum cornu ejus rivus muniebat : the second line was covered by the bridge, alter ordo ponte (ab incidentibus telis) tegebatur (Hirt. B. G. 8, 9, 4): to c. a wing by a strong body of cavalry, firmare cornu magnis equitum copiis : to be covered, tectum or tutum esse (i. e. to be safe) : to c. oneself, corpus suum protegere (infighting, e. g. with a shield).— \\ To cover (= equal) the ex- pense, qd sarcit or resarcit sumptum suum (brings back as much as it has cost, cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 19). — quod impensae factum est in rem, efficere (aft. L. 2, 18). The profit does not c. the outgoings, impendia exsupe- rant reditum (e. g. in the management of an estate). || To copulate, coire. inire. salire (of quadrupeds). COVER, s. See Lid. COVERING, || Whatever is placed on or over any object; see Cover. || Dress, vestis. vesti- mentuni. vestitus (g. tt.). — amictus (if intended to be icrapped round the body). — velamen. velamentum. involucrum. integumentum (husk, outer covering). COVERLET, opertorium lecti (the upper covering, opp. stragulum, the under bedding, see Sen. Ep. 87, 2). — peristroma, atis (prob. large enough to hang over the sides of the bed or couch). — jj§g|p^ lodlx was a rough, shaggy blanket; two of wch were sometimes sewed toge- ther for a c. — Diet, of Antiqq. (184) COW COVERT, tectum (place covered over agst wind and weather). — perfugium (shelter ; as place of refuge). — receptaculum (the place wch affords shelter, and thus secures agst persecution). — portiis (propr. port : fig., a safe shelter); Jn. portus et perfugium : to conceal one- self in a c, latebra, se occultare : to frighten aby out of his c, qm excitare latibulo. — To be under c, tutum or munitum esse : to put oneself under c, in tuto col- locare : to put oneself under c. agst dangers, corpus tutum reddere adversus pericula. \\ A thicket, locus crebris condensus arboribus (aft. Hirt. B. Afr. 50). locus teneris arboribus et crebris rubis sentibusque obsitus (aft. Cces. B. G. 2, 17).— 1| For beasts, lus- trum (lair of wild-beasts).— latibulum (lurking-place, the haunt of a wild beast) : cubile (propr. a couch for men; then, also, of animals). COVERT, || Sheltered: to be formed by the past part, of the corresponding verbs in To Cover. || Secret, clandestine ; vid. || C.-way (in fortification), tectus cuniculus, or (as t. t.) *via caeca, quae dicitur. COVERTLY, see Secretly. COVET, appetere (to desire). — cupere. concupiscere. cupidum, avidum esse cs rei (to desire athg violently), de- siderare (to long after or for alhg ; esply what one misses). — optare (to wish).— expetere. affectare (to strive to get; to be hankering after, opp. fugere. aspernari). — gestire (to express a longing for athg by gestures, ivith infin.). — ■ ardenter cupere qd. cupiditate cs rei ardere, flagrare ; desiderio cs rei magno teneri ; sitire qd ; sitienter expetere qd (stronger terms ; to thirst after alhg) : to c. or abhor, appetere aut fugere (refugere). I am covet- ing athg, concupisco. appeto (both with ace. and infin.) ; cs rei desiderio capior. appetens sum cs rei ; cupidus, avidus sum cs rei: to c. earnestly, omni cogitatione ferri ad qd : to lay one's hands on a coveted posses- sion, grassari in possessionem cs rei (L. 6, 5). COVETABLE, see Desirable. COVETOUS, habendi cupidus (g. t.).— aliquantum avidior ad rem. avarus (endeavouring to enrich one- self at the expense of others). — pecuniae cupidus or avidus (with regard to money).— fm the context also, cupidus only (as C. Sext. 43, 93, where we find : homo castus ac non cupidus, and Vitr. 1, 1, 7); or avidus (as C. de Or. 2, 43, 183 ; and opp. liberalis, as C. Rose. Com. 7, extr.). — sordidus (vilely c.).— petens (striving after). To be c, avaritia ardere. *divitias cupide or avide expetere. See also To Covet. COVETOUSLY, avide; avare; studiose ; sordide; cupide; appetenter.— [Syn. in Covetous.] COVETOUSNESS, habendi cupiditas, or cupido (g. t.). — avaritia (the desire of enriching oneself by any means, at the expense of others, opp. abstinentia). — pecuniae studium or cupiditas or aviditas (with regard to money). From the context also, cupiditas only (asC. Rose. Am. 35, extr. ; Quint. 7, 2, 30 [opp. pecuniae con- temptus], and Suet. Dom. 9 [opp. abstinentia], fyc.) and aviditas (as Plaut. Merc. prol. 29 ; C. Off. 2, 11, 38) ; Jn. cupiditas et avaritia. — sordes (stronger term, e. g. vile c.).— avaritia ardens; avaritia hians et imminens (a burning thirst, as it were, after athg). COVEY. The best term is, probably, pullities (used of pigeons, Col. 8, 9, eirca messem, cum jam confir- mata est pullities [where, however, it may = ' the young broods' collectively] ; cf. 9, 11, in eo vase nata est pul- lities, of bees). — grex (but this is too strong). See Brood, s. || Company, set, grex. globus, caterva. COW, vacca. — bos femina, or bos only (if it is not necessary to allude to the sex) : a little c, vaccula (CatulL): a c. -ca If, vitula : a young c, juvenca (g.t.); bucula (if it has not yet calved): forda (that is in calf) : a milch-c, *vacca, quae lac habet tlggr lactarius means, that is still fed with the mother's milk ; e. g. bos lacta- rius, Varr.]. C.'s employed in husbandry, vaccae ope- rariae (Col. 6, 24) : a c. that gives no milk must be put to the plough, steriiis vacca aratro deputanda est (Pall.) : to use c.'s in the plough, vaccis arare (Col.) : to put or take a c. to the bull, vaccam tauro submittere, or vaccae taurum admittere : of or from a c, vaccinus. — bubtilus (if the sex is not important). — [ BjpT bovinus, in L. (de bovino grege), is fm an old religious form.] — c.'s milk, lac vaccinum or bubiilum. A c.'s udder, uber vaccae. COW-BANE, cicuta. COW-DUNG, fimus bubtilus. COW-HAIR, *pilus vaccinus. COW-HERD, armentarius (who has the care of the cattle). — bubulcus (= qui bobus arat ; but afterwards = c.-h.). COW-HIDE, corium vaccee or bovis (cf. Plin. 11, 32, 47). cow COW-HORN, *cornu vaccae. COW-HOUSE, bubile. COW-LEATHER, see Cow-Hide. COW-LEECH, veterinarius (g. t. Col.) ; to be a skil- *ul c.-l., veterinariae medicinse prudentem esse. COW-PARSLEY, chaerophyllum. COW-PARSNEP, *heracleum (the common* arvense, Linn.). COW-POX, *variolae : the natural c.-p., v. naturales; if by vaccination, v. artificiales. To have the c.-p., *variolis laborare, affici, affectum esse. COW- WEED, caerefolium (Plin. 19, 8, 54, the Greek pasderos [7rcu<5epa)j], aft. Plin. and others), and chaere- phyllum (xacpepiov, in the shape of the pericarp of the Egyptian laburnum). — carchesium (Kapx^iov, a tall c, diminishing in cir- cumference towards the middle, with ears, reaching down fm the brim to the foot). — scaphium (in the shape of a boat). — cymbrium (also in the shape of a boat, though somewhat different fm the scaphium). — batiola (a larger vessel, made of gold). — cttlullus (a clay goblet used by the pontifices and vestals at their sacred ser- vices ; then, also, a small jug of gold, used by thewealthy). — scutula or scutella (a fiat square plate in the shape of a rhombus, also used as a drinking-vessel). — cy&thus (a small vessel used for pouring wine fm the ' crater,' in v>ch it was mixed, into the c.'s of the guests ; see H. Od. 3, 19, 12). A small c, pocillum (Cat. and L.): to empty a c. at one draught or full, poculum, &c, uno impetu epotare : cups, pocula, pi. ; vasa potoria, pi. : silver c.'s, argentum potorium ; potoria argentea : gold c.'s, potoria aurea. Prov. ' There's many a slip 'twixt thee, and the lip ;' see Slip, s. \\ Tea-cup, *pocillum ansatum in scutella positum (c. and saucer) ; fm the context, *pocillum ansatum only. \\ Calix of a flower, doliolnm floris (Plin.); cal&thus (later and poet. only). [ggp° Calix is not found in this sense.] || Fig. The c. of sorrows, e. g. to empty the c. of sorrows to the dregs, exanclare omnes labores ('less correctly exantlare.' (198) CUR Freund.).— 1| Melon, for Wive.— to like a c, vinum de- ditum esse, vinum indulgere : over his c.'s, in poculis. in media, potione. inter scyphos or pocula. ad vinum. A stirrup-c, or parting-c, prps. *poculum viaticum (aft. ccena viatica, Plaut. wch was given to a friend about to set out on a journey). To have had a c. too much, bene potum esse; vino gravem, or vini (!3gp° not vino) plenum esse. CUP, v. per cucurbitulas ci sanguinem detrahere (by means of cupping) ; also cucurbitulas admovere or im- ponere or accommodare or aptare or agglutinare cor- pori (= to apply cupping-glasses). CUPPING, scarincatio (g. t.). — detractio sanguinis per cucurbitulas. CUP-BEARER, minister or ministrator vini. — a cyatho or a potione (sc. servus or puer, inscriplt. of the time of the emperors, whence it may be inferred, that they were kjiown as early as the gold, age; cf. H. Od. 1, 29, 7). — praegustator. praegustans (inasmuch as he tasted the wine before handing it). — |g§p° pincerna [Ascon. ad C. II. Verr. 1, 26 exlr. and quite late] and pocillator [only in Appul. Met. 6, p. 179, 16, &c] should be avoided as later forms, very little used. — The royal or imperial c.-b., c.-b. to a or the king, fyc, regis, Caesaris a cyatho or a potione: to fill the office of c.-b., pocula ministrare ; stare a cyatho ; praegustare potum or pocula : to be aby's c.-b., ci pocula ministrare ; ci bibere ministrare ; esse a cyatho cs. CUPBOARD, s. armarium parieti insertum (Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 8). — to make or to contrive a c. (in the wall), armarium parieti inserere : to shut a c, armarium ob- cludere (Plant.): to open a c, armarium recludere (Plaut.) : to steal athg out of a c, ex armario subripere qd (Plaut.) : to cut out the bottom of a c, armarii fundum exsecare: to place or put athg in a c, in armario reponere qd (Plaut.). A meat-c, or c. in store- room, fyc, armarium promptuarium : a c. for books, clothes, fyc, armarium librorum or vestium gratia paratum (Paul. Dig. 33, 10, 3): for books also, armarium parieti in bibliothecae speciem insertum (Plin. 2. Ep. 17, 8). CUPBOARD, v. in armario reponere (Plaut.)— *in armario condere, recondere. CUPIDITY, cupiditas. cupido. (ggp" Cupido, for the most part, only occurs in the poets and historians ; never in C.) — cupiditatis ardor, impetus, sitis. — aviditas. — libido. [Syn. in Desire, s.] Insatiable, unrestrained, fyc. c, indomita atque effrenata cupidi- tas : cupiditas insatiabilis : to tempt the c. of aby, ci cupiditatem dare, or (stronger) injicere ; qm cupiditatem impellere ; qm cupiditate incendere, inflammare. For more phrases, see Desire, s. CUPOLA, thSlus. CUPPING-GLASS, cucurbitula. To apply c.-g.'s; see To Cup. CUR, see Dog. CURABLE, sanabilis; quod sanari potest. — J^gp^Me- dicabilis is poet, only ; and curabilis, in this meaning, not Latin. CURACY, *sacerdotis vicarii munus. CURATE, *vicarius or vicarianus (aft. vicaria pra- fectura, Ammian.; vicariani apparitores, Cod. Theod.) — *vicarius sacerdotis : or *qui successit vicarius sacerdotis cs mune'ri (aft. C. succedam ego vicarius tuo muneri). CURATOR, curator^, t. for one on whom the care of athg devolves; e. g. aediles curatores urbis, annonae, ludorumque solemnium, C, but esply as t. t. the guardian of a. person of age, until his twenty-fiflh year [see Heinecc. Antiqq. Rom. Synt. 1, 23, 6, p. 226, sq.], while tutor designates the guardian of aby under four- teen and thus, according to Roman law, not of age ; also the guardian of a spendthrift or one labouring under mental debility, %c.) — custos cs rei (e.g. hortorum, fani). CURB, s. || Propr. prps *catenula maxillaris ; see Bit. II Fig. Restraint: frenum. coercitio. — to use the c, ci frenos adhibere (opp. calcaria adhibere, to use the spur) or injicere, or (Curt.) imponere. CURB, v. || propr. for curbing a horse: oream ori (equi) insere (to bit), habenam adducere. frenos adhibere or dare, equo frenos injicere. infrenare equum. frenare (to bridle). || Fig. To restrain, hold in check: frenare. ci frenos adhibere or in- jicere. qm vinculo alligare et constringere (C). — coercere or cohibere qm. — domare. reprimere. — to c. one's passions, %c, ref'renare or coercere or compri- mere or continere cupiditates (or lihidines); moderari cupiditatibus. frangere cupiditates. cupiditatibus im- perare; aby's wrath, frenare cs furorem : not to c. one's passions, <§-c, cupiditatum suarum licentiam non ob- CUR tinere : to c. the licentiousness of youth, or young men, juventutem refrenare or coercere : uncurbed, effrenatus (both prop, and Jig.); dissolutus {fig. only). CURD or CURDLE, coire. — spissari. Jn. spissari et in densitatem coire. — congelari. se congelare. — coagu- lari {propr. to curdle by means of rennet ; of milk, tyc, then also to curdle in general, of any liquid mass). — to cause to c, congelare (by cooling); coagulare (by ren- net, <§-c). — Milk that has curdled, lac gelatum, con- cretum. See Coagulate. — Milk curdles, lac coit; lac coagulatur (if by rennet) ; lac serescit ; lac spissatur (grows thick or thickens). CURDS, coagulum (lactis). lac concretum. oxygala (sour milk). CURDY or CURDLED : by the past partcpp. of the verbs under To Curd. CURE, s. J) Of a disease, curatio (cura never occurs in C, and but seldom inCels.). — sanatio (act of healing, C, propr. and fig. ; e.g. malorum). — medendi facultas (the means of curing athg) — medicina (the remedy as prepared for athg, cs rei). — A certain c. for athg, sanatio certa et propria cs rei (e. g. perturbationis animi, C.) : a dangerous method of c, curatio periculosa et anceps. ■ — to employ a method of c, curationem adhibere morbo (in an illness) ; curationem admovere ad qm (to apply it to aby) : this method of c. may be adopted in the case of young people, and whenever the evil is not of a serious nature, hanc curationem puerilis setas et modi- cum malum recipit. A c. for evils, sanatio malorum (C): to follow a prescribed method of c, curationem recipere: to undertake aby's c, curationem suscipere : the method of c. promises to be successful, bene procedit curatio : to be called on to undertake the c. of a disease, ad curationem cs morbi adhiberi : method of c, curandi ratio, via. curatio. medendi ratio : without a c, insa- nabilis. qui &c. sanari non potest : athg is without a c, non est in qa re medicinae faciendae locus : athg is the only c. for athg, cs rei in una qa re posita sanatio est : to attempt aby's c. by a different mode of treatment, aliam quandam curationem adhibere ad qm : to look about for a c, medicinam ci rei quaerere (propr. and fig.) || Cure of souls, *cura animarum. Livings with c. of souls, *beneficia, quibus animarum cura sub- est (Cone. Trid. Sess. 24, c. 12) ; *beneficia curam anima- rum habentia (ib.) : livings without c. of souls, *bene- ficia, quibus animarum cura nulla subest (ib.) : one who has a c. of souls, *qui animos regit or moderatur. ♦animarum servator (not pastor). — *qui beneficium obtinet, cui animarum cura subest (aft. Cone. Trid.). CURE, v. sanare. sanum facere qm or qd. sanitatem ci restituere (to cure aby, or a disease, a wound, %c). — mederi ci or ci rei (to assist or help aby by remedies ; all three as well of the physician as of the medicines or remedy, and also impropr. for ' to restore to a former healthy state or condition'). — curare qm or qd (to bestow the necessary attention and care on a person or disease ; = 'treat aby' or 'athg,' but never in the sense of 'effectually curing'). — |g§p" Medicari or medicare do not belong to class, prose. — To c. athg effectually or radically, qd persanare or percurare (post- Aug.): to c. aby perjectly, veram sanitatem ci reddere : to c. one- self by athg, mederi sibi qa re (e. g. cancros edendo) : to be cured of a disease, sanum fieri ex morbo : to c. aby mentally, sanare qm or cs animum ; qm ad sanitatem reducere or perducere or revocare : sanitatem cs animo afferre : to be cured mentally, ad sanitatem reverti or redire or se convertere : what cannot be cured, insana- bilis (%g§T immedicabilis is poet.). \\ To preserve, sale indurare. sale condire. sale macerare. — salire. sale conspergere. salem aspergere ci rei (to strew salt over or on athg, to salt it) : sale obruere (to put a great deal of salt on athg). — Cured meat, caro sale indurata : the curing of meat, fish, fyc, salsura. CURELESS, see Incurable. CURER, see Physician. CURIOSITY, || The desire of seeing some- thing novel, %c, curiositas (very rare: C. Alt. 2, 12). nova noscendi studium. nova videndi studium. ignara visundi cupido (desire to see something novel; see L. 1, 9. S. Gell. 9, 12, exlr.). — spectandi studium (desire of viewing or beholding objects in general, Hirt. B. Alex. 20). — audiendi et cognoscendi studium (Cces.).— audi- endi cupiditas (c. to hear, $c.) — exspectatio (the long- ing anxiety about things to come). — Fm c, spectandi studio; fm c. to see the new town, studio videndae novae urbis (L. i, 9). — Aby is possessed by an insatiable c, est qs in curiositate ofuTreti/o? (C. Att. 2, 12, 2): to gratify or satisfy one's c, studio spectandi indulgere : after having satisfied his c, omnibus perspectis : some of them were induced or led by curiositu to qo there ; or, (199) CUR went there from c, pars eorum spectandi studio fere- batur. || A thing not seen or met with every day, raritas. res rara. res rara visu or inventu. res raritate notabilis.— res visenda (a thing worth seeing). Her ears were really a c, gerebat auribus quam maxime singulare et vere unicum opus naturae (Plin. 9, 35, 58) : to be no longer a c, novitatis gratiam exuere : athg that is quite a c, monstrum. CURIOUS, || Inquisitive, curiosus (fond of learn- ing or finding out news or new things). — nova videndi or ignara visundi cupidus (anxious to see new sights). — spectandi studiosus (fond of seeing, gazing at, fyc.). — audiendi cupidus (c. to hear). To be c. to hear, audiendi cupiditate incensum esse. — (I am) c. to see him, ejus videndi cupidus: to be c, esse curiosum, &c. : I am curious to learn, exspecto (am anxious) ; miror (our vulgar 'I wonder;' see interpp. to Ter. Andr. 4, 4, 11), e. g. I am c. to know (I wonder) what you want, exspecto, quid velis: I am c. to hear (I wonder) what cause or reason they will have to allege, quam causam reperient, miror. . || Not common, rarus (not frequently met with; but if = singularis and eximius, it is only poet.). — singularis (unique in its kind). — eximius (distinguished by its peculiar features or advantages, rare). — insolitus. insolens (uncommon, unusual, of things, e. g. word, precepis). — mirus (strange, of things). — novus (new, of things). — monstruosus (ex- traordinary, with ref. to the nature of things; also of persons, with regard to their manners or conduct). — A c. person or sort of person, *mirum caput (Com.) : a c. chance, mirus quidam casus : a c. dress, dissentiens a ceteris habitus : it seems to me a c. thing, permirum mi hi videtur : that sounds c, hoc dictu est difficilius (see C. Eel. p. 199) ; hoc nescio quomodo dicatur (see C. Tusc. 2, 20, 47) : it is c. how, %c, mirabile est, quam (with subj.): how c! mira narras or memoras ! (i. e. you are relating c. or strange things.) || Worthy of being seen: spectatu dignus. spectandus. || Eager to obtain knowledge, *discendi cu- pidus or studiosus ; propensus ad discendum : to be of a c. turn of mind, discendi studio or audiendi cupidi- tate incensum esse (stronger). See Inquisitive. II Accurate, curiosus (he who displays much accuracy, esply in investigations, fyc.) — accuratus (made with accuracy, of things). — diligens (proceeding with punc- tuality, precaution, and accuracy; or made with accur racy, fyc. ; in athg, qa re). — To be c. in athg, curam ad- hibere de qa re or in qa re; curiosum or diligentem esse in qa re. CURIOUSLY, curiose, raro [ggfrarenterz's not good Latin]; perraro ; perquam raro; rarissime (very c.) — ■ mirum in modum ; mire (strangely). — unice (in a unique manner). — C. dressed, cultu notabilis. — to enquire too c, curiosius, quam necesse est, qd requirere : very c. wrought, praecipuae artis (t) ; summo artificio factus ; summa or singulari arte factus; singulari opere arti- ficioque perfectus ; politissima arte perfectus ; callidis- simo artificio fabricatus. \\ In an enquiring man- ner, fyc.; studiose ; cupide ; accurate; diligenter; eximie ; exquisite ; exacte ; subtiliter. [Syn. in Cu- rious.] Jn. diligenter et accurate, accurate et ex- quisite. CURL, v. tr.) torquere. convolvere. involvere. See To Twist. — crispare. concrispare (to make curly, in general). — To c. one's hair, calamistro intorquere or convertere. calamistro ornare. calamistro inurere; also inurere only (with a curling-iron, e. g. comam, crines, capillos). — Curled hair, capillus crispus : curled locks, concrispati capilli (Vitr.) : curled (with an iron), calamistratus (also of one who has his hair curled in that way). CURL, intr.) || To twist itself, curvari. se cur- vare. incurvari (to round itself, or assume a circular form, of things); also crispari; leniter inflecti ; se crispare or concrispare. se vertere or vertere only ; se convertere; converti; se torquere; se versare; cir- cumagi; ferri; se convertere et torquere circum qd; ambire qd ; versari, volvi, fern circa qd. [Sxn. in To Twist.] — one whose hair curls naturally, cirratus : hair that curls naturally, cirrus (generally used in the plural). Curling (of vapours), se concrispans (Vitr.). CURL, s. cirrus (a natural c). — having natural c.'s, cirratus. — cincinnus Ion artificial c); he who wears them (cincinnatus). — annulus (a ringlet). — the ends of c.'s, cincinnorum fimbriae. || Undulation, fluctus (a curling of the waves, as well as the wave itself). CURLEW, *scolopax arquata. CURLING-IRONS or TONGS, calamister. cala- mistrum ; also ferrum only. To curl one's hair with the c.-i., crines calamistro inurere. comam calamistraro. CUR ggp° The slave who heated the c.-i. was ciniflo or cine- rarius {Heind. ad H. Sat. 1, 2, 98). CURLY, crispus {e. g. capillus). A man with c. hair, cincinnatus {naturally), calamistratus {with the curl- ing-irons) CURMUDGEON, homo tenax; homo sordidus ; homo illiberalis, &c. CURRANT, *ribes {Linn.).— *fructus ribium {the fruit). The red c, *ribes rubrum; black c, *ribes nigrum. || {Dried) currants; *uvse passae Corin- thiacae. CURRENCY, || Fluency: vid. || Course of things, cursus (rerum). || Current coin, numi circumforanei {aft. C. ad Alt. 2, 1, 11), or numi only : lawful c, numi boni : copper c, aes signatum : silver c, argentum signatum or (fm context) argentum only; see Coin. CURRENT, vulgaris, usitatus {usual). — more or usu receptus. in usu or more positus {received as a cus- tom, or generally received). — trltus {that has been and is still in use). — obsoletus {that has become common). — quotidianus {occurring every day). Jn. usitatus et quotidianus; vulgaris et obsoletus; communis et vul- garis, vulgaris communisque. — bonus {good, of money ; opp. malus or adulterinus). — To be c, in usu esse {usual) ; valere {that has currency, e.g. a coin); athg is c. at a place, in qo loco versari {see C. Manil. 7, 19) : to become c, more or usu recipi {to become an adopted custom). — a c. opinion, opinio vulgaris or vulgi ; sententia vulgaris ; communis hominum opinio ; opinio vulgata {with ref. to athg); omnium opinio de re : the c. opinion, that, $c, opinio vulgata, qua cre- ditur, &c. {see L. 40, 29) : according to the c. opinion, ad vulgi opinionem; ex vulgi opinione: to render a word c. by frequent use, tractando facere usitatius ver- bum et tritius ; verbum usu mollire : a c. expression, verbum usitatum et tritum ; verbum vulgare or vulgi ; see also Common : this is not a c. expression, but a philosophical term, hoc non est vulgi verbum, sed philosophorum. — a c. saying, proverbium sermone tritum : to become c, in vulgus probari : to make c, probare {also of money, T. Germ. 5). A thing passes c, qd sumitur, putatur, or habetur pro certo : ci rei fides tribuitur: res fidem habet. — qd in vulgus probatur. For c. payment, praesenti pecunia. || The c. year, annus vertens or hie annus : the c. month, hie mensis. CURRENT, s. || Stream; vid. || Course; vid. CURRENTLY, vulgo {commonly; publicly). It was c. reported, that, ifc./vulgo loquebantux {with ace. and inf.). || Fluently ; vid. CURRENTNESS, see Currency. CURRICLE, see Chariot. CURRIER, coriarius ; coriorum confector {late). C UR RIS H, mordax. — morosus . — acerbus. — rixosus. rixae cupidus. CURRY, || To dress leather, subigere. depsere. — conficere. perficere {to prepare, e. g. aluta tenuiter confecta). || To beat, qm verberibus casdere or in qm verberibus animadvertere {with leather thongs or a whip).— qm caedere virgis (with a rod). See To Beat. || To curry favour with one, venditare se ci. — blandiri et suppliciter insinuare ci (C). — blanditiis et assentationibus cs amicitiam colligere or in cs con- suetudinem se immergere ; blanditiis et assentationi- bus cs benevolentiam sibi adjungere {aft. C. Muren. 20, 41); blanditiis influere in aures cs, insinuare se in cs familiaritatem ; gratiam sibi parere apud qm : to en- deavour to c. favour with aby, assentatiuncula aucu- pari cs gratiam ; locum gratia? apud qm quaerere. CURRY {a horse), strigili radere : subradere. CURRY-COMB, strigilis. CURSE, v. exsecratione uti. To c. aby, exsecrari qm or in qm.— devovere qm, also with the addition of diris {to devote aby with execrations to the infernal gods). — detestari in caput cs minas et pericula {to call down on aby's head terrible dangers, L. 39, 10, 2).— detestari in caput cs iram deorum (to call on him the wrath of the gods, Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 6).— ci pestem exoptare (C). Whenever they see you, they c. you, te — quum viderunt, tamquam auspicium malum detestantur. g^ detes- tari qm, by itself, means merely ' to detest aby,' but never ' to c. him.' — male precari ci (to wish him evil), diras (pcenas) imprecari ci. Syn. in Curse, s. || To utter impious words, *impias voces jactare, emit- tere. diras voces addere. CURSE, s. || Ma ledictio n, exsecratio (by wch the wrath of the gods is called down on aby). — devotio {by wch aby is excluded fm every thing holy, and devoted to the infernal gods).— imprecatio (by wch the wrath of the gods, and evil generally, is called down on aby) : the (200) *' CUR c. of the gods {inasmuch as it rests upon aby), Iras cce- lestes {see L. 9, 1). || An imprecatory expres- sion, exsecratio. dirae. — maledictum {malediction). || Meton. cause of mischief, pestis; pernicies; Jn. pestis ac pernicies. 8§g^" 'lues' and 'vomfca' have not this meaning of ' causing destruction or ruin.' CURSED, devotus (that has been c). — exsecrabilis. exsecrandus (that is or ought to be c). — nefarius. ne- fandus (that is impious; sinning agst what is holy or sacred; the latter of things only). — detestabilis {to be abominated). CURSEDLY, pessime. CURSER, qui exsecratur, &c. [ Ig^lT exsecrator, very late, Tertull.). CURSING, exsecratio. CURSITOR, magister scriniorum {later only). CURSORILY, breviter (briefly).— leviter {lightly).— cursim (in running over athg). — strictim (superficially, briefly). — negligenter. parum diligenter (with little attention bestowed on it, inaccurately, opp. diligenter, e. g. to work, to do athg, to write, fyc. ). To go through athg or read athg over c, percurrere {also with the addi- tion of oculo veloci). — pervolvere. pervolutare (i. e. merely to turn the leaves over) ; also ad extremum re- volvere or strictim attingere (to skim athg over, or to run through it, e. g. librum, a book) : to read the annals over {or go through them) c. only, paginas in annalibus percurrere (L. 9, 18, med.) : to look at papers c, scripta lectione transcurrere (Q. 10, 5, 3) : to look over some books (or examine them) c, libros cursim transire {i. e. at the bookseller's, Gell. 9, 4, p. in.). CURTAIL, curtare. decurtare (to shorten by cutting off apart). — detruncare (to cutoff and so mutilate). — subsecare (to cut off below, or a small part). — abscidere (not abscindere : to shorten by hewing off a part). — prae- cidere (to cut or hew off a piece in front). — recidere ; also praecidere (to cut fm off the ends, to clip, e. g. pilos, the hair). — resecare (to cut off what is too long). || Fig. to c. aby's power, pinnas cs or nervos cs incidere : to c. aby's athg, praecidere ci qd (e. g. his liberty) : to c. one's expenses, parce vivere. sumptus circumcidere. modum facere sumptibus. impensas corripere (with regard to luxury, the last in Suet. Tib. 34) ; se cohibere (to re- strain oneself in one's manner of living, in general) : to c. athg that one has written, e. g. commentarios, com- mentaries, writings, #c, in angustum cogere (Sen. Ep. 39, 1). — injuria detrahere aliquid de qa re (to c. or dimi- nish in an unjust manner, e. g. aby's wages or salary-, de cs mercede, aft. C. Verr. 3, 78, 182). — deminuere partem cs rei, or qd de qa re. detrahere de re (to lessen athg by the abstraction of a part). — fraudare qm parte cs rei (e. g. servitia parte cibi diurni). To c. aby of his rights, deminuere partem juris or qd de jure ; detrahere de jure. CURTAIN, s. velum (g. t. for any piece of cloth or stuff, that is hung or spread before athg, e. g. bed-c, c. before a door). — pl&gula (c. spread over a bed, a sedan- chair, fyc). — aulaeum (fi av\aia, a splendidly wrought c, esply to draw before or to spread over a bed, e. g. lectus aulaeis obductus [aft. Curt. 8, 5, 21] then = c. before the stage in the theatre, wch was let down at the beginning of the piece [mittitur, premitur aulaeum], and drawn up at the end of it [tollitur aulaeum] ; compare Schmid. H. Ep. 2, 1, 189) : to draw the c.'s round athg, velis qd obtendere : to draw or pull down the c.'s, vela obducere : to open or draw the c.'s, vela reducere. || Term in fortification, murus intergerinus. \\ A curtain led ure, *uxoria admo- nitio or objurgatio. *uxoris nocturna objurgatio: to read a husband a c.-lecture, maritum graviter monere. CURTAIN, v. See Curtain, subst. CURULE, curulis. CURVATED, curvatus; incurvus; leniter inflexus ; incurvatus [Syn. in Crooked]. CURVATION, curvatio. incurvatio. flexio. inflexio. CURVATURE, curvamen (curved direction, as per- manent and existing appearance). — curvitas. aduncitas (as quality in abstracto, e. g. of the beak, rostri). — cur- vatura. flexura (c, in relation to other local objects). — nexus (a bending). — anfractus (the bending or wind- ing, esply of a road; hence, fm the context = winding of a road, in general). — tortus (a winding). — sinus (any winding, in the shape of a bay). CURVE, curvus. curvatus. incurvus. CURVE, s. See Curvation, Curvature. CURVE, v. curvare. incurvare. — flectere. inflectere {to bend inwards). See also To Bend. CURVED, see Crooked. CURVET, v. See To Jump. CURVET, s. saltus. CUR CURVILINEAR, *lineis curvis or obliquis or pravis [Syn. in Crooked]. CUSHION, pulvmus(#. t.). — pulvlnar. pulvlnarium (only of the c.'s for the images of the gods ; see Ramsh. Syn. No. 391). — culcita (a mattress, to repose on, stuffed with some soft or compact substance). — culcita, quae corpori resistit or in qua vestigium apparere non potest (a c. or bolster, well stuffed) : a couch with c.'s, lectus. — A small c, pulvillus. |g§p° torus is hardly used ex- cept by the poets ; for sofa^fyc. CUSP, see Crescent. CUSPATED, or CUSPIDATED, cuspidatus ; acu- tus ; mucronatus ; spiculatus ; acuminatus ; cacumi- natus ; fastigatus [Syn. in Pointed]. CUSTARD, prps *ovorum puis. *puls e lacte facta. CUSTODY, j| Imprisonment, custodia [g. t.). career, vincula, pi. — To keep aby in c, qm cus- todia asservare : to take aby into c, qm in custodiam dare or includere or condere ; comprehendere : to be in c.,in custodia esse, in custodia haberi or servari. custo- dia teneri or retineri. ggjT For custodia libera, and the different degrees of c. ; see Imprisonment. || Charge, cura. custodia ; also Jn. cura custodiaque. tutela. praesidium [Syn. in Charge] : to have in one's c, curare, regere, moderari qd: to give into aby's c, cre- dere ci cs rei custodiam ; qd in custodiam cs concre- dere or committere : to give aby into aby's c., qm cs curae custodiaeque mandare ; qm ci in disciphnam tra- dere (for the sake of being taken care of and brought up). || Defence, praesidium. custodia (the latter, safe-guard). See Defence, Protection. CUSTOM, || Habit, mos. consuetudo; Jn. mos atque consuetudo. — institutum (a c. now sanctioned either by formal or tacit agreement) ; Jn. mos atque institutum or mos institutumque or institutum ac mos. — ritus (the external form observed in any holy or pro- fane act); Jn. mos ac ritus. — caerimonia (the form in sacred things). J§gp"usus ( = the constant use of athg or practice of athg) always requires an object either ex- pressed or understood, and can never stand for mos, &c. An old c, vetus mos. vetus consuetudo. receptus inter veteres mos (i. e. a custom practised by the ancients) ; mos ab antiquis ad nostram aetatem traditus. mos a majoribus or ab antiquis traditus. mos institutumque majorum. ritus patrius (a c. handed down to us from our ancestors) : it is the c, mos est ; moris est : it is an old or ancient c, a majoribus or ab antiquis traditus est mos ; a majoribus institutum est : it is a c. with the Greeks, that, $c, est moris Graecorum, ut, &c. : it has thus become the c, that, fyc, est hoc in more positum, ut, &c. : this used to be his c, sic ejus erat mos : it hap- pens to be my c, sic meus est mos : it is a c. among them, ita illis mos est : c. requires that it should be so, consuetudo ita fert: agst or contrary to c, contra morem ; praeter morem : according toc.,e or de more ; more ; instituto ac more : according to an old or an- cient c, recepto inter veteres more; vetere consuetu- dine ; more institutoque majorum ; recepta jam pri- dem consuetudine : to be received as a c, in morem venire: to follow the same c, eodem instituto uti : to introduce a new c, novum morem inducere : sacred by s., sollemnis (L. 4, 53). || Habit of pur chasing ; Crcl. — To give aby one's c, *a qo (multa) emere ; *cs tabernam frequentare. — uti cs opera (to employ a work- man). || Customers, emptores (of a merchant). — •qui cs opera utuntur (of a mechanic) : to have a good c, *multos emptores habere (of a merchant) ; *multis operam suam praebere or praestare (of a mechanic). He is losing his c, *discedunt a qo emptores pristini. || Duty, vectigal (g. t.). — portorium (for imports and transit) : to pay the c, vectigal pendere , portorium dare. See also Duty. CUSTOMHOUSE, telonium or teloneum ( T e\w- viov, reXwvelov. late). A c.-h. officer, portitor. telona- rius (Cod. Theod. 11, 28, 3, extr.) ; exactor portorii (the receiver); pi. qui vectigalia exercent atque exi- gunt. CUSTOMABLE, see Customary. CUSTOM ABLY, consuetudine (aft. the fashion or usage, e. g. Romanorum). — ut solet. ut assolet. See also Customarily. CUSTOMARILY, usitato more ; tralaticio more ; more suo ; moribus suis ; (ex) consuetudine. See Usually. CUSTOMARY, usitatus ; in usu or more positus ; usu receptus. consuetus (e. g. verba consuetissima, 0.). To be c, in usu or more positum esse ; usitatum or morem or moris esse, with Inf., or Ace. and Inf., or ut : communi in usu esse : to be very c, vigere : it was c. among the Greeks, to, fyc, moris erat Graecorum, (201) CUT ut, &c. : to become c, in usum or morem venire ; usu or in usum recipi, in consuetudinem or morem venire, more recipi [See also Custom] ; ab omnibus recipi. inveterascere (stronger terms) : to render athg c, in morem perducere ; celebrare qd : athg that is c, soli- tum. $§§^ ' Customary ' may sts be translated by solere or (of persons) assuevisse, consuevisse : these are the c. signs of athg, haec cs rei indicia esse solent. CUSTOMER, emptor; emens (g. it. = buyer).— *qui opificiscs opera utitur (of an employer). — emens qd. qui emit qd (who purchases), empturus qd. qui emere vult qd (who is going to purchase). A good c. of aby's, *qui multa or saepe a qo emit (of a purchaser). — *qui saepe cs opera utitur ; *qui operam cs exercet, alit, juvat (Bau. ; of an employer), bonum nomen (of one who pays punctually ; opp. malum nomen). He is a good c. of mine, *multum pecuniae ab eo aufero. magnum fructum ex eo capio (Bau.): to drive away c.'s, ♦emp- tores deterrere, depellere (Bau.) : to take away aby's c.'s, *emptores a qo avocare, abducere (Bau.). To be losing one's c.'s, *emptores a qo discedunt. CUT, v. tr. secare (g. t., also with a surgical in- strument). — scalpellum admovere or adhibere ci rei (with a surgical instrument). — scalpere (to shape or frame by cutting, to carve, e. g. wood, stone; see To Carve). — metere. demetere (to cut with the scythe). — castrare (to castrate, of men and beasts ; then also = to c. off apart). — temperare (to give athg a point by cut- ting, e. g. a pen). To c. out of athg, exsecare qd ci rei : to c. to pieces, secare, consecare : to c. up a tree into boards, arborem in laminas secare : to c. into pieces, mi- nutim or minutatim concidere : to c. to the bone, conse- care usque ad ossa : to c. aby's throat, jugulum ci prae- cidere ; jugulare qm : to c. aby for the stone, ci calculos excidere : to c. oneself, cultro se vulnerare : the morn- ing air cuts one's face, matutinum frigus mordet os : to c. wood, lignum caedere (by hewing) : to c. stones out of a quarry, lapides ex lapidicma, or merely lapides caedere (wch is different fm 'lapides secare,' i. e. to c. stones to serve as parts for any given work) ; also saxa de lapidicina eximere (to take them out) : to c. poles, palos caedere : to c. ( = prune) trees, putare ; amputare ; deputare. See also under To Cut down : to c. (hedges), tondere ; detondere : to c. meat, carnes conscindere : to c. the hair, pilos recldere, tondere : to c. glass, vitrum tornare; vitrum torno terere(-c, to be punished with death (among the an- cients by casting lots), decimare cohortem (post-Aug. militar. t. t. see Bremi Suet-. Oct. 24). — sorte decimum quemque (cohortis) ad supplicium legere (L. 2, 59, extr.). — decimum quemque cohortis 6orte ductos fusti (213) DEC necare, or merely decimum quemque fusti ferire (T. Ann. 3, 21, 1, and 14, 44, extr.). DECIMATION, \\A tithing, decumarum exactio. || The punishing one in ten, decimatio (Capitol. Macr. 12). DECIPHER, || To make out what is written in cipher, investigare et persequi (what is written in cipher, notas, Suet. Cces. 56, Wolf.). \\ Unfold what is intricate or obscure, explicare; explanare ; in- terpretari ; enodare (to free fm knots = difficulties). DECIPHERING, || Art of making out what is written in cipher, ars investigandi et persequendi notas (Suet. Cces. 56). — 1| Explanation of what is obscure, explicatio; explanatio; interpretatio ; eno- datio. DECISION, dijudicatio; disceptatio (as an act). — judicium ; sententia (as a sentence pronounced). — arbi- trium (the d. of an umpire). — momentum (poTtrj, a deci- sive turn) : to leave to aby's d., cs arbitrio permittere : to bring to a d., momentum afferre ad qd; momentum facere ci rei, or in qa re (of things that have an import- ant bearing on the result). — 1| U nw avering firm- ness, animi fortitude constantia. animus certus or confirmatus (firmness). — animi preesentia. animus prae- sens ( quickness in deciding). See To Decide. DECISIVE, decretorius (post-Aug.). — quod habet or facit momentum (what gives a d. turn). — ultimus (what is d., as being lad; e. g. a battle, a cause) : the d. hour, hora decretoria ; ultimi discriminis tempus (approaches, adventat): a d. moment, *momentum, quo fortuna in discrimen vocatur; temporis discrimen : a d. battle, pugna decretoria (Q. 6, 4, 6) ; prcelium, in quo omnis fortuna reipublicae disceptat (on the result of wch the fate of the republic depends, C. ad Div. 10, 10, 2); also ultima, or universae rei dimicatio (L. 1, 15, and 38) : an engagement, wch is not d., prcelium anceps : to hazard a d. battle, summis cum hoste copiis contendere (Herz. Cces. B. G. 5, 17); de summa rerum decernere: it comes to a d. battle, venit res ad ultimumdimicationis ; venit in casum universae dimicationis : no d. battle was fought, nusquam ad universae rei dimicationem ventum est. DECISIVELY, modo decretorio. DECK, || To cover, tegere (g. t.). — contegere ; obtegere ; integere (athg with athg, qa re qd). — sternere ; consternere ; insternere [Syn. in Cover; wch see for phrases] : to d. a horse with trappings, equum sternere, insternere. || To adorn, ornare (g. t.). — exornare, distinguere [Syn. in Adorn]. — co- mere : to d. with athg, ornare, or exornare, or distin- guere, or distinguere et ornare qa re ; excolere qa re, or ornatu cs rei (e. g. the walls with marble, parietes marmoribus ; a room with pictures, cubiculum tabu- larum pictarum ornatu) : to d. oneself, se exornare (e. g. I d. myself out to please you, me exorno, tibi ut pla- ceam). || To cover with a deck; vid. next word. DECK, s. constratum navis (*Petron. 100, 3 and 6). To cover with a d., consternere (but only found in the past partcp.; L. 21, 28 being in a different sense). A vessel with ad., constrata navis (C.L.); tecta navis (Cces. L. T.): ships wch have d.'s, naves tectae, or constratae (opp. naves apertae). DECLAIM, pronunciare (to deliver a speech artisti- cally, e. g. of an actor). — *cum putida gravitate dicere (to d. with an affected solemnity ; in an inflated style, fyc). — declamare ; declamitare (to d. for practice, as was customary in the ancient schools of rhetoric) : to d. in a striking and graceful manner, gra- viter et venuste pronunciare. DECLAIMER, declamator (one who delivered decla- mations in a school of rhetoric).— *putidus pronunciator or *qui cum putida gravitate dicit or pronunciat, or (with ref. to the style) cujus oratio turget atque inflata est. DECLAMATION, || Style of delivery, pronun- ciatio (according to the rules of art; C. Invent. 1, 7, uses Crcl. ; ex rerum et verborum dignitate vocis et corporis moderatio, Auct. ad Her. 1, 2, extr. vocis, vultus, gestus moderatio cum venustate).— actio (C. de Or. 2, 17, extr.).— pronunciandi nitio (g. i.for delivery, Q. 10, 1, 17). — pronunciatio vocis mutationibus re- sultans (with ref. to affected changes of tone, Q. 11, 8, 183). — 1| An oration composed for practice on a given subject, declamatio. — inostentationem.com- parata declamatio (aft. Q. 2, 9, 10). DECLAMATOR Y, declamatorius (pertaining to de- clamation ; i. e. rhetorical exercises in the schools). — tu- midus ; turgidus ; inflatus (inflated). His style is d., ora- tio turget atque inflata est : their delivery is refined with- out being unnatural or d. t neque ita prorsus, ut nos vulgo DEC loquimur, pronuntiant [or, neque sine arte pronun- tiant], neque procul tamen a natura recedunt (Q. 2, 10, 13). — A vehement and d. mode of delivery should be avoided, actio ita temperanda est, ne, dum actoris captamus elegantiam, perdamus viri boni et gravis auctoritatem (Q. lib. 11, exlr.). DECLARABLE, probabilis (capable of proof) ; quod probari, doceri potest. DECLARATION, declaratio (e. g. amoris sui). — pronunciatio (proclamation by word of mouth, Cces.) Sts vox, sententia, oratio, may serve. — denunciatio (a threatening d. ; e. g. belli). — proscriptio (d. of outlawry). — After this d., hac pronunciatione facta (Cces. B. C. 2, 25) : for ' to make a d.,' see Declare. DECLARATIVE, or DECLARATORY, Crcl. by quod declarat or declarationem habet cs rei (e. g. liber iste quantam habet declarationem amoris tui, C.).— IggfT declarativus quite late ; Appul. Mart. Capell. DECLARE, || To make known, declarare (to make the existence of athg perceived, whether a sensible object or a feeling ; also with ace. and inf. or depend- ent interrog. clause). — exponere, or expromere e. g. one's opinion, quid sentiam ; sententiam suam ape- rire, dicere ; clearly about athg, accuratius expo- nere de re; fully, pluribus verbis disserere de re. — |i To proclaim, prodere (of the response of an oracle). — indicere (e. g. bellum). — denunciare (in a threatening manner, e. g. bellum) — [ ||g§p° declarare bellum is barbarous]. — pronunciare (by word of mouth. Curio pronunciare — jubet — se in hostium habiturum loco, qui, &c, Cces. B. C. 2, 25) : to d. aby athg, decla- rare, appellate, with a double ace. following (e. g. qm regem) : to d. or pronounce aby athg, judicare (e. g. qm hostem, proditorem patriae) ; aby consul, qm dicere or declarare or renunciare consulem ; emperor, qm impe- ratorem salutare (post-Aug.) • aby king, qm regem appel- la.ie(Cccs.); declarare (L.); aby one's heir, beredem qm scribere or instituere ; an outlaw, proscribere qm : to d. himself a candidate, ostendere se candidatum (Suet.) : to d. null and void, infirmare ; irritum facere ; abolere (esply a law) : to d. oneself conquered, victum se profiteri ; manus dare : to d. one's opinion in favour of athg, qd accipere, probare; agst athg, rem recusare, or detrectare; rem improbare : to d. on oath, *juratum qd affirmare : to d. in writing, literis or per literas significare : the victory d.'s itself by the omens, victoria se ostendit ominibus. DECLARE, intrans.) || Assert, affirm, affir- mare. confirmare. contendere, dicere. asseverare. pro- fiteri [Syn. in Assert, Affirm]. To d. for aby, cs partes sequi; in cs partes transire (to join aby's party) : to d. agst aby, inimicum se ci ostendere : to d. off, renunciare qd (e. g. conductionem, &c, also qd ci ; e. g. societatem ci, L. 38, 31): victory d.'s for, fyc, victoria penes qm est (e. g. penes patres, L.). — victoria ad qm venit (e. g. ad meliores, C). — victoria cs est; or qs vic- toriam obtinet ; victoria potitur. DECLENSION, || Declining state, ruina (propr. of a building; fig. of a state, reipublicse) : d. of man- ners, mores corrupti : d. of bodily strength, defectio virium ; vires corporis affectae : d. of one's mental powers, deminutio mentis. || Inflexion of words, declinatio; flexus ; flexura. DECLINE, s. deminutio. imminutio. — extenuatio. remissio. — mitigatio. — See Lessening. — To be on the d. ; see To Decline. — The d. of life, ingravescens astas (C). In the d. of life, ptovectiore eetate (in advanced years) ; vergente jam senecta (T.) ; vergens annis (T.) : to be in the d. of life, longius setate provectum esse. || Consumption, tabes.— phthisis (-c.) : very d. rooted, altissimis defixa radicibus (e. g. virtus, C.) : d. rooted in aby, penitus defixus in qo (e.g. fault) : a d.-rooted opinion, opinio penitus insita : d.-rooted evils, mala inveterata, fixa (C.) : to be d.-rooted, altas radices agere (prop.); inveterascere (fig. of habits, %c): to be very d. rooted, penitus immissis radicibus niti (Q. 1» 3, fig.). — More under Deep. — to impress d. on one's heart, animo suo penitus mandare qd. || Cunningly, astute; callide ; versute ; vafre ; subdole. || Pro- foundly, subtiliter. abscondite (e. g. disserere). DEEPNESS, || Depth; vid. || Craft, cunning; vid. DEER, dama (fallow d. ; Plin. V. II., $c. — as masc. only V. and Stat. comp. Q. 9, 3, 6). — cervus (g. /. fern. cerva) : d. -hunting, venatio or venatus cervorum. A d.-stealer, *praedo cervorum : to practise d.-stealing, *furtim cervos intercipere: d.-skin, *pellis damae or cervi, capreae, &c. DEFACE, deformare (to disfigure). — turpare (to make ugly). — Sts corrumpere. — depravare. — in pejus mutare, vertere, or (H.) fingere. DEFACED, deformatus ; deformis ; depravatus : d. by errours, mendosus (as a book, #c). DEFACEMENT, deformatio (e. g. tantae majestatis, L.). — depravatio (both as act). — deformitas ; turpitudo (as a state). DEFALCATE, injuria detrahere qd de qa re (wrong- fully to make a deduction fm athg, e. g. fm aby's wages or salary, de cs mercede, C. Verr. 3, 78, 182). — fraudare or defraudare qm qa re (g. t., to cheat aby of athg). DEFALCATION, deductio (fm a sum total) : with- out any d., sine ulla deductione : to pay without d., solidum solvere. DEFAMATION, calumnia (false accusation). — cri- minatio (slander ; the blackening of a man's character). — obtrectatio (malicious disparaging ; often in pi.). DEFAMATORY, calumniosus (defaming others ; late). — falsas criminationes continens (containing slan- der).— probrosus (T.). A d. poem, carmen probrosum DEF (T.). A d. libel, libellus famosus.— jgHT The libels of the ancients were mostly in verse; hence carmen pro- brosum ( T.) or famosum (H.). — carmen, quod infamiam facit nagitiumve alteri (ft). — elogium (written on a person's door ; Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 74). — carmen refer- tum contumeliis cs (T.). To compose a d. libel agst ahy, carmen probrosum facere in qm (aft. T.) ; carmine probroso diffamare qm (T.) ; carmen ad infamiam cs edere (Suet. Oct. 55); malum in qm carmen condere (H.): to publish a d. libel, *carmen probrosum or famosum vulgare (all these suppose that it is in poetry). — libellum ad infamiam cs edere (Suet. Oct. 55) ; qm scriptis procacibus diffamare. DEFAME, ci infamiam movere; qm infamare (to bring aby into ill repute). — qm variis rumoribus dif- ferre ; qm diffamare (to spread reports agst aby ; diffam. post-Aug. T.). — calumniari (to accuse falsely, and fm base motives). — criminari (to blacken, and render suspected by false accusations) ; aby to aby, qm apud qm. — de fama or existimatione cs detrahere (to detract ,fm aby's good name). — maledicere ci (to speak ill of aby). — probrum inferre (e. g. castis, C.) : behind the back, de qo absente detrahendi causa maledice contumelioseque dicere (C. Off. 1, 37, 134); ci absenti male loqui (Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25). / am defamed, detrahitur de mea fama. DEFAMER, homo maledtcus (one who speaks ill of aby fm malice). — maledtcus conviciator (when done with clamour and vulgar abuse). — calumniator (a malignant slanderer). DEFATIGATE, see Fatigue, v. DEFATIGATION, fatigatio; defatigatio.— lassitudo. DEFAULT, defectio ; defectus (with the gen. : both express omission, or defect; the first, as an act; the latter as a condition). || Default, as a law-term, vadimonium desertum: to let judgement go by d., ad diem, or ad vadimonium non venire ; vadimonium de- serere. — se non sistere. — 1| Failure (vid.). || 'In d. of by Crcl. with verbs deesse, deficere, &c. : in d. of arms, quum tela deficiant or dencerent (Cces.) : in d. of arms they seized upon sticks and stones, *arma quum de- essent (or deficerent, if they had before had some), saxa et ligna corripuerunt : to have recourse to lies in d. of argument, *idoneo argumento deficiente, ad mendacia confugere. DEFAULTER, || One who lets judgement go by default, qui ad diem non venit; qui vadimonium deserit. — qui se non sistit. || Pecuniary d., pecu- lator (who peculates, C). — qui pecuniam publicam aver- tit. qui peculatum facit or fecit. To be brought to trial as a d., peculates accusari: to be a convicted d., damnari peculates, damnari pecuniae publicae. DEFEASANCE, 'conditio pactum (or testamentum, &c.) irritum faciens, tollens, &c. — Sts exceptio may do (wch is the g. t. for the plea by wch the defendant endeavours to meet a charge ; hence, also, ' a plea in d. of athg') ; or adjunctio (a condition by wch any thing is limited). DEFEASIBLE, quod aboleri, rescindi, abrogari, irri- tum fieri potest. DEFEAT, v. || Conquer (vid.), vincere; superare; the enemy, hostem fundere fugareque ; ci cladem afferre, or inferre; qm prosternere; ci detrimentum inferre. || To frustrate, ad vanum, or ad irritum, or ad vanum et irritum redigere. — disturbare (e. g. a mar- riage, nuptias). — disjicere (e. g. an affair, rem; plans, consilia, L.). — discutere (e. g. rem, C. ; consilia, &c). Jk. discutere et comprimere : to completely d. aby's plans, conturbare ci omnes rationes : to d. aby's hopes, spem fallere, ludere, destituere : one's hopes are defeated, spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur, or by spe ex- cYdere; a spe decYdere; spe dejici ; if my hopes are defeated, si spes destituat : to be defeated, irritum fieri; ad irritum cadere or recfdere, or venire : unless some accident had defeated his plans, nisi aliqui casus ejus consilium peremisset: death d.'s all one's hopes and plans, omnem spem atque omnia vitae consilia mors pervertit. || Resist with success; tod. an attack, impetum ferre (to stand it). — impetum (hostium) pro- pulsare (to stand it, and also drive the enemy back). — || To defeat or annul, qd rescindere (e.g. a will, contract, verdict, fyc.) ; qd irritum facere. — See Annul. DEFEAT, s. || Overthrow, the state of an army completely routed, clades (g. t.). — strages (the d. of the enemy, when heaps are slain). — internecio (a d., in wch all are slain to a man, no quarter being given). — gg^" V! / ten the Romans speak of a d. wch they themselves have suffered, they employ euphemistic ex- pressions, such as adversa pugna, or adversum proe- lium (see L. 8, 31 ; 7, 29), or incommodum (see C. Lai. (217) DEF 3, 10. Cces. B.Q.I, 3). or detrimentum (see Cces. B. G. 5, 52; 6, 34, &c), or calamitas (see C. Brut. 3, 12. Cces. B. G. 1, 30. L. 2, 12): to inflict a d., stragem dare, or edere, or facere ; on aby ; see To Defeat. — a great d., qm ingenti cagde prosternere: to inflict a complete d. on aby, qm ad internecionem caedere : to suffer a d., cladem pugnse, or merely cladem, or cala- mitatem, or incommodum, or detrimentum accipere : a complete d., ad internecionem caedi, or deleri ; ad internecionem venire : if we should suffer a d., si ad- versa pugna evenerit. || Defeat, or complete frustration, frustratio cs rei (e. g. legis, L. [the making it practically of no effect) ; and absol. Not C. — Plane, ap. C. — Varr.). — deletio ; exstinctio ; eversio. DEFECATE, defaecare (e. g. vinum, Colum.); pur- gare; expurgare; purum facere; all used both propr. and fig. \\ Purify ; vid. DEFECATION, purgalio (g. t. IggsT purificatio is a bad word). — lustratio (d. by expiatory sacrifice). — defae- catio (very late; Tert. Anim. 27). DEFECT, vitium (/taxm, any physical or moral im- perfection, as a quality, not deserving of punishment, but of censure; also any natural def. to wch no blame is attached, e. g. of the body, of the organ of speech, oris). — — quod deest (what is wanting ; opp. quod abundat atque affiuit ; or to excess, quod superest, superat or redundat): full of d.'s ( = faults), mendosus : free fm d.'s, ab omni vitio vacuus, vitio purus (free fm physical and moral d.'s; of persons and things). — emendatus (of- writings): to be without d.'s, sine vitiis esse; vitiis carere or vacare (of persons and things) : if there is no d. in athg, si nihil est in qa re vitii (C. ; e. g. in tecto, parietibus, C.) : to perceive d.'s in aby, in qo vitia videre : if athg is suffering fm any d., si deest ci rei quippiam (ft). I have two d.'s wch prevent me, §c., duas mihires, quominus, &c, desunt (e. g. duas sibi res, quominus in vulgus et in foro diceret, defuisse, ft): to supply a d., quod deest ci, or ci rei, explere (C. Brut. 42. 154) : to supply the d.'s of athg, supplere qd (e. g. of your library, bibliothecam tuam, ft); or imperfectum qd supplere (Suet. Cces. 56) ; partem relictam explere (to supply a portion that the thing has not yet had) : ex- cess is better than d., satius est qd superesse (ci rei) quam deesse: to see the d.'s of others, and to forget one's own, aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum (C. Tusc. 3, 30, 73) ; magis in aliis cernere, quam in nobismet ipsis, si quid delinquitur (C. Off. 1, 41, 146) ; aliorum vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo nostra (Sen. de ird, 2, 28, 6). — The d. of athg in the one is equal to the excess of it in the other, quanti alteri deest cs rei, tantum alteri superest. — jgjgg" defectus ( = 'the ceasing,' 'fail- ing,' 8fc. Plin. e. g. lactis) is rare, except in the elder Plin. — defectio ( = d. caused by the ceasing or failing of athg) is classical in this sense, but must not be used of any other kind of d. — See Fault. DEFECTION, || A falling away, defectio; fm aby, a qo. — rebellio ; rebellium (both mean a renewal of war on the side of a people reduced to peace, the last occurs in L. 42, 21). — transfugium; transitio ad hos- tem (a going over of soldiers to the enemy) : a d.fm one's religion, *defectio a sacris : to try to bring aby about aby's d., csanimum ad defectionem sollicitare : to drive ahy to d., qm in societatem defectionis impellere. — See Revolt. DEFECTIVE, mancus; non integer (not complete). — non perfectus ; imperfectus ; suis numeris non ab- solutus (unfinished).— non commodus (not good of its sort). — vitiosus (blemished) : it is better for a narrative to be redundant than d., satius est, aliquid narrationi superesse, quam deesse. The gram, term d. is defec- tives (e. g., a d. verb, verbum defectivum). DEFECTIVELY, imperfecte ; haud commode. — vitiose. DEFENCE, || Protection, tutela (d. in as far as it has athg under careful inspection, and averts fm it whatever may be hurtful, for wch meaning protectio is late Latin). — praesidium (d., in as far as through it one is sheltered, and can fly to it for refuge, when in need of help). — defensio (the d. or act by wch one wards off damage or danger whencesoerer proceeding). — tutamen- tum (L.; means of defence). — patrocinium (the d. or fatherly protection, wch a patron affords to his client, or protege) : to undertake aby's d., qm in fidem recipere (as a superior, general, #c.).— cs patrocinium suscipere (as a patron or advocate) : to look to or fly to aby for d., se in fidem cs committere ; se in fidem et tutelam cs conferre; se ci in clientelam et fidem dare; cs fidem sequl (vid. Herz. Cces. B. G. 4): that the d. of the city should be committed to the old men, seniores ad urbis DEF custodiam ut prassto essent (L.). — II Vindication, excusatio (apology). — purgatio (justification). — respon- sio. — causae dictio, or actio (d. before a court by a speech, Sfc.) : to call upon aby for his d., rationem qm reddere jubere (call him to account) : to undertake the d. of a cause, patrocinium causae suscipere : to de- cline the d., patrocinium cs rei repudiare : to con- duct one's own d., ipsum pro se dicere : to write one's d., or draw up a d. in writing, defensionem suae causae scribere. || Resistance, defensio; means of d., tutamen (g. t.); arma (arms); *quae ad qm tuen- dum or ad locum tuendum parantur : to prepare for d., ad resistendum or ad vim propulsandam se parare (of a person) ; muros instruere (of a besieged general or force putting the walls in a state of d. ; see Herz. ad B. G 7, 18) : to put a fortress in a state of d , castellum munire ac rebus necessariis instruere : to make a stout d., fortiter repugnare or resistere : without any means of d.; see Defenceless. — || Defensive works; fortification, operis munitio ; opus (or opera) muni- tionesque ; also munitiones only, or munimenta, pi. ; opera, urn, n. — propugnaculum (fig.)', the art of d. or fortification, *ars muniendi ; *architectura militaris : the natural means of d. (of a city), nativa praesidia (urbis, C). DEFENCELESS, inermis (without arms). — armis exutus (disarmed). — impeditus (prevented fm using arms) ; intutus (unprotected). — defensoribus nudatus (deprived of defenders ; both of places). — indefensus (L. undefended). — sine praesidio; non tutus; non muni- tus (of a town, §c.). DEFEND, defendere; defensare (to d. aby or athg fm an actual attack, whether with arms or words: defen- sare has the accessory notion of great activity and per- severance; agst or fm aby or athg, a qo and a. qa re, and contra qm). — tueri; tutari (protect; to d. fm pos- sible attacks, fm dangers; whether with arms or words ; agst or fm aby or athg, a qo or a qa, re, or con- tra qm or qd). — tegere ; protegere (to d. with arms, or other means of defence ; proteg. also with words ; to d. aby in athg, tegere qm in qa re). Jn. defendere et prote- gere a qa, re or contra qd. — propugnare pro qa, re (be its champion; to fight for with arms or words); Jn. de- fendere et propugnare.— ci praesidio esse (to be a bul- wark, a protector). — prohibere qd (to keep a thing afar off; to ward it off; of things, e. g. medicines: to d. athg or aby fm athg or aby, prohibere qd a qo or qm a qa re : e. g. agros populationibus prohibere, L. ; qm con- tumeliis militum conviciisque, Cces., injurias a qo, Cces.). — dicere pro qo, or pro qa re (to make a speech in defence, to plead his cause ; esply in a court of justice). — patrocinium cs or cs rei suscipere ; ci or ci rei patro- cinari (to d. or take aby or athg under one's patronage, and speak for) : to d. aby (in a court of justice), causam cs defendere or dicere (to plead his cause) ; ci in jure cavere (C, of a jurist giving his client the necessary forms and precautions) : to d. people (in a court of jus- tice, as an advocate), causas defensitare or tueri ; aby before the prcetor, defendere qm apud praetorem ; aby agst unjust accusers, defendere qm contra iniquos ; aby's innocence, defendere innocentiam cs ; aby's repu- tation, propugnare pro cs fama : to d. oneself, defen- dere ipsum sese (in a general sense) ; dicere ipsum pro se (in a court of justice). — se purgare (to d. oneself suc- cessfully in a court of justice); vim vi repellere (fm violence) : to d. oneself fm aby's anger, se tutari a cs ira: to d. aby fm cold, a frigore defendere (V.), mu- nire (Col.); fm the heat, tutari a calore (C); one's life, defendere vitam : to d. one's life and reputation, defen- dere caput et famam (C): to permit aby to d. himself, defensionem ci dare (C.) : to d. the frontiers, tueri fines ab incursionibus hostium (C.) ; athg agst fire, qd contra ignem firmare ; agst frost and storm, a frigore et tem- pestate munire; aby carefully agst wind, cold, and rain, qm diligenter munire a vento, frigore, pluvia. || To fortify, firmare (to make secure); agst athg, con- tra qd. — munire (to fortify) ; agst athg, a qa, re, contra or adversus qd. — sepire (to d. by a trench, or fence of any sort).— custodire (to d. or guard agst detriment by vigilant inspection): to d. (by surrounding), circum- munire: to d. a garden agst the forcible entry of men, hortum munire ab incursu hominum : to d. the pass by a strong redoubt, fauces regionis valido munimento sepire : defended by the nature of the ground, loci natura munitus; situ naturali munitus ; both by nature and art, et natura loci et manu, or operibus et loco muni- tus ; quum manu munitus, turn natura loci: nature has defended Italy by the Alps, Alpibus muniit Italiam natura. DEFENDANT, reus (in a criminal process, opp. (218) DEF accusator). — is unde petitur; also possessor (in a civil process about meum and tuum, opp. petitor) : to be coun- sel for the d., pro reo dicere ; ci adesse (in judicio). DEFENDER, defensor (one who wards off hostile attacks).— propugnator (the champion, who with arms in his hand defends athg). — J§£j° assertor only Q. and Suet. — tutor (the d. who takes athg under his protection). — patronus {the patron, who defends the rights of his clients) : the d. or advocate in a court of law ; see Advocate. — to have aby for one's d., esse in cs tutela; esse in cs tutela et fide ; esse in cs clientela. DEFENSIBLE, quod defendi potest, &c. DEFENSIVE, Crcl.—d. preparations, *quae ad qm tuendum, or ad locum tuendum parantur : a d. alliance, *fcedus ad bellum defendendum initum : a d. and offensive alliance, *fcedus ad bella et repellenda et inferenda initum or factum : a d. war, bellum, quod defendendo geritur : d. arms, arma, quae sunt ad tegen- dum (opp. arma, quae sunt ad nocendura* offensive arms) : on the d., defendendo : to act on the &., ad vim propulsandam se parare. DEFENSIVELY, defendendo. DEFER, || To put off to another time, dif- ferre ; proferre ; conferre (with the distinction, that by diff. the time of putting off may either be fixed or not ; whereas prof, and conf,, for wch transferre seld. stands, intimate that the time of putting off is fixed). — procras- tinare ; differre et procrastinare (to put off to the follow- ing day, esply in a dilatory manner). — producere. pro- latare (e. g. comitia ; diem). — rejicere in or ad (with ace. ; to put off what should be done now ; also reser- vare), — protrudere (to thrust off; e. g. comitia in men- sem Januarium) : to d. from one day to another, diem ex die ducere or prolatare; athg fm day to day, rem in dies proferre ac procrastinare (C): to d. the payment of a debt, solutionem nominis sustinere (C.) : to d. it to another time, in aliud tempus differre, proferre or rejicere; to the next day, qd differre in crastinum; qd in posterum diem conferre : to d.for some days, aliquot dies proferre or promovere; a wedding, prodere nuptiis aliquot dies (Ter.): to d. passing sentence on a person accused (till the third day aft. his trial, or later), com- perendinare reum: to d. the sentence (in order to afford the accused ampler means of defence), ampliare reum. || To defer to or pay deference to, ci obsequi or morigerari ; ci or cs voluntati morem gerere ; ci obtemperare. DEFERENCE, observantia (esply the d. wch one actually pays to aby ; see C. Invent. 2, 22, 66). — reve- rentia (d., or due respect accompanied with something of a reverential awe). — veneratio. verecundia (a d. that is stronger than rev. ; a heart-felt respect for the high worth of a person) : d. is due to parents, reverentia debetur pa- rentibus : to show or pay d. to aby, qm observare; qm colere et observare, or vereri et colere ; qm revereri ; reverentiam adversus qm adhibere; reverentiam ci habere or praestare : to pay the greatest d. to aby, qm summa, observantia colere ; qm colere et observare diligenter; perhonorificum esse in qm; veneratione qm prosequi : he pays me no d., nihil mihi tribuit (C). / have never been wanting in d. to you, mihi in te num- quam observantia defuit (C.) : we should pay d. to the old, aequum est senibus obsequi (Ter.) : to pay no d. to aby, negligere qm. • DEFERENTIAL, qm observans (towards aby, cs). — reverens. venerabundus [Syn. of substt. in Defer- ence]. — / hope that he will always show you a d. respect, eum semper spero tui fore observantem. DEFERENTIALLY, reverenter: to accost aby d., qm reverenter (-issime) alloqui. DEFIANCE, provocatio : to take arms in answer to a d., adversus qm provocantem arma capere (see L. 4, 8) : to bid d. to aby, provocare or lacessere qm ad pug- nam (see To Challenge) : to set aby at d.. contuma- cem esse in qm. contumacius parere ci (to oppose a person whom one should obey, in an obstinate, refrac- tory manner) — (confidenter) resistere ci (to resist a per- son) ; confidenter resistentem respondere (to answer with daring resistance) : to set athg at d., contumacem esse adversus qd (e. g. imperia patris) ; contumaciter spernere (to set at nought in the spirit of d. ; e g. im- peria validiorum); contumaciter resistere ci rei (e.g. scalpturae, Plin. ; speaking of an extremely hard stone); contemnere qd (to despise what it might be thought dan- gerous to overlook ; e. g. omnia jura humana) ; obviam ire ci rei. se offerre ci rei (to encounter it; e. g. pericu- lis) : in d. of aby, adversus cs voluntatem; qo invito (agst his will) ; adversus (agst ; e. g., in d. of that decree [of the senate], adversus id senatus consultum) ; oft. by abl. absol. with neglectus, contemptus; in d. of my DEF entreaties, contemptis or neglectis precibus meis [see 'in Spite of']. DEFICIENCY, defectio; defectus (with the gen.; expresses d., as the want of athg ; the first as casual, the last as a condition; in the sense of intellectual and moral imperfection, they are used in modern Lat. only without ancient authority). — vitium (includes d. of any sort, and therefore imperfection, intellectual and moral). — *quod deest or desideratur (what is wanting to make a thing complete). — pars relicta (the part left undone): complete d. of every thing, omnium rerum inopia ; summa angustia rerum necessariarum : d. of money, pecuniae or argenti penuria [ g^lT defectus pecuniae, late] ; inopia argenti or argentaria ; difficultas rei numariae, or diff. numaria ; angustiae rei familiaris : d. of water, penuria aquarum : d. of water in the brooks, defectus aquarum circa rivos : d. of friends, penuria amicorum: to suffer from d. of athg, qa re carere (not to have it) ; qa re egere, indigere (to be sorry that one has not got it) ; *cs rei inopia laborare, premi ; also merely a qa re laborare ; qa re premi ; cs rei inopia affici (e.g. consilii, ft): fm a d. of arguments, inopia argumentorum : there is a great d. of athg, magna est cs rei penuria: d. of provisions (corn), rei frumentariae inopia or angustiae or difficultas : to supply thed. of corn, rei frumentariae mederi ; rem frumentariam expedire : to supply a d., partem relictam explere (it being a part left undone) ; inopiam cs rei lenire, levare (to supply it partially). — qa. re anguste uti (to be obliged to use it sparingly) : the d.'s of athg (faultiness), mendosa cs rei natura (H. Sat. 1, 6, 66).— See Defect. DEFICIENT, see Defective. DEFIER, provocator (Just, and Gell. ; a peculiar kind of gladiator ; ft Sext. 64, 134). DEFILE, tr.) maculare ; commaculare ; maculis aspergere (esply to stain what is white). — contaminare (to sully the purity of athg). — inquinare (to pollute, with the accessory notion of destroying the beauty of athg). — polluere (implies a desecration of what is holy and pure). spurcare ; conspurcare (to make dirty, with the acces- sory notion of disgust ; scarcely ever used in the elevated style). — violare (to dishonour, to deflour, and also to profane) : to d. one's hands with blood, manus suas san- guine cruentare : to be defiled with the blood of kinsmen, parricidio contaminari : to be d. with lust, vitam obli- nere libidine ; libidinibus inquinari. — See Stain, Pollute. DEFILE, intr.) prps in acie procedere : to d., or march through a narrow pass, per angustias iter habere : the army d.'s through a mountain-pass covered with woods, agmen per saltum porrigitur (T. Ann. 1, 51, 3). DEFILE, angustiae (a narrow pass, through a chain of mountains). — fauces (a narrow pass, opening into a wider space). DEFILEMENT, contaminatio. pollutio (both of a later age). — macula, labes (the stain itself) : free fm d., inviolatus (opp. pollutus) : d. of a maid, vitiatio (the act) ; vitium virgini oblatum (as thing done) : moral d., labes aliqua decoris. See Pollution. DEFILER (of a female), stuprator ; constuprator. DEFINABLE, quod definiri potest. DEFINE. || To give a logical definition of, definire (to fix the limits, so that the thing may be accu- rately distinguished fm other things). — circumscribere (to limit the meaning, so that too much may not be com- prehended under it, fyc). — Jn. circumscribere et defi- nire. dicereet quasi circumscribere verbis. — definitione declarare. — constituere, qui sint in qa re fines (to limit a moral problem, fyc, C.) : to d. the notion of duty, de- finire, quid sit ofneium ; the general notion of alhg, uni- versam et propriam cs (rei) vim definire complectique; propriam cs rei vim definitione declarare : to d. in a few words, brevi circumscribere et definire ; definire rem verbis et breviter describere : to d. the term man, dicere et quasi circumscribere verbis, quid homo sit (ft): it is of great importance, how you d. the office of a tribune, plurimum interest, quid esse tribunatum putes. Fortitude is correctly defined by the Stoics to be, fyc, probe definitur a Stoicis fortitudo, quum earn — esse dicunt, &c. (ft) : wch they d. to be, §c, quod sic definiunt, ut (id) velint esse, &c. : the former term is usually defined thus, illud superius sic fere definiri solet : to d. the proper limits of friendship, constituere, qui sint in amicitia fines et quasi termini diligendi (ft). || To determine the extent of athg with pre- cision, definire. — circumscribere. — terminare (e.g. fines imperii; regiones, Jfec). — limitare (very rare; quaestionem, Varr.). — See To Limit. DEFINER, qui definit, &c. - DEFINITE, || Fixed, status; constitutus. — fini- (219) DEF tus ; definitus (d. or closely defined). — certus destinatus- que (e. g. opinions, sententiae, ft; persons, personae, Q.). — certus (certain, decided); Jn. certus et definitus. — praestitus (fixed beforehand) : a d. day, dies dictus, constitutus, praestitutus ; certus : d. expenses, *ex- pensae statae (opp. sumptus fortuiti) : d. income, redi- tus stati : to express a d. opinion, *certam sententiam expromere : to have or entertain a d. opinion on no subject whatever, nullam rem aperte judicare. DEFINITELY, certo or certe [Stn. in Certainly]. — definite (with a statement of all the peculiarities , %c, opp. generatim). — diserte (in express terms. — ggfT not disertis verbis). — ex destinato. destinato (post-Aug. Suet. ; with deliberate intention). DEFINITION, finitio; definitio (a strict d.).— expli- cate (an explanation). To give a d. of; see To Define. DEFINITIVE, and DEFINITIVELY, see Defi- nite and Definitely. — To answer d., sine ulla dubi- tatione respondere : a d. sentence, sententia, qua omnis controversia dirimitur; or, qua lis dijudicatur. — sen- tentia terminalis (late t. t. Cod. Just.) : to pronounce a d. sentence, litem dijudicare (H.). DEFLAGRABLE, see Combustible. DEFLAGRATION, deflagratio ; confiagratio ; see Combustion. DEFLECT, deflectere (both trans, and intrans. ; propr. and fig.; de qa re, of a local relation; e.g. de recta regione, via, spatio; ab qa re, fig.; e. g. a veri- tate, proposito, amicitiis ; intr. deflect! or deflectere). — declinare. degredi (these three all imply the consent of the will, and are used both propr. and fig.). — aberrare (to d. without consciousness, and the consent of the will, propr. and fig.). — See 'Turn aside.' DEFLECTION ; d., or deviation fm the straight path, declinatio [ggTdeflexio, Macrob. ; defiexus, Val. Max.] : to make a d., deflectere, &c. See To Deflect. DEFLORATION. || Act of def louring, a) a female, vitiatio. — vitium or stuprum per vim mulieri allatum. /3) a thing, deformatio. || Selection of the best, fios. "optima (n. pi.). DEFLOUR, stuprare or constuprare qam ; cs pudi- citiae vim atque vitium afferre ; per vim stuprare qam ; per vim vitium or stuprum offerreci. — stuprum inferre ci (ft). || Fig.) corrumpere. deformare. depravare. — turpare (T.). DEFLUOUS, defluens ( ggjT defluus, post-Aug.).— delabens (gliding downwards). — decurrens (running down). DEFLUXION, delapsus (the gliding down).— fiuxio ; rheumatismus (of the humours of the body, fluxiones omnes, quas rheumatismos vocant, see Plin. 28, 8, 24). destillatio (a d. or running, e. g. of the nose, naris). — I am suffering fm d.'s, *rbeumatismis laboro : destilla- tiones male me habent (fm colds, catarrh). — [SggSfde- fluxio, Firm. Math. ; Ccel. Aur. — defluxus, Appul.] DEFORM, deformare (to d. or disfigure). — turpare (to d. or make ugly ; T.). — in pejus fvngere (to make a caricature of; H. Ep. 2, 1, 265). — corrumpere (to d., spoil, or mar). — corrumpere formam et pulchritudinem cs rei (e.g. honestatis, ft). — depravare (to d., distort, or pervert ; impropr. = to interpret falsely ; purposely, in- dustrial — in pejus mutare or vertere (impropr. to in- terpret incorrectly). DEFORMATION, deformatio (L.); depravatio (as an act; def '. = disfigurement ; depr. = perversion, dis- tortion). DEFORMED, deformatus; deformis (ugly).— depra- vatus (corrupted ; made worse than it should be). — pra- vus (disproporlioned ; not such as it should be, membra, crura, &c). — distortus (absol. of a person ; ft). — pravus extortusque (Juv.). — omnibus membris extortus et fractus (fm the dislocation and fracture of limbs ; Plin.). — D. limbs, prava membra. — in pravum elapsi artus (T.): d. by mistakes, mendosus (like a book): terribly d., distortissimus (ft).— insignis ad deformitatem. DEFORMITY, deformitas; turpitudo (mean deform- ity, as a state, the result of deformation). — corporis pravitas or pravitates. — membrorum pravitas (mis- shapen limbs). — distortio membrorum ; distortio et de- pravatio (quaedam) in qa re. A d., res deformis. — monstrum (p.. g. monstr. hominis).— Moral or mental d., animi deformitas (ft) ; depravatio et foeditas animi (ft). DEFHAUD, fraudare (v. pr.). — defraudare (rare; twice in ft; not in Cces.). — fraudem or fallaciam ci facere ; dolum ci nectere, confingere ; (fraurie) decipere. — fallere, also with fraude. — frustrari. — imponere ci. — ■ circumvenire : to d. aby of athg, fraudare, defraudare qm qa re ; of money, qm circumducere, or circumver- DEF tere argento ; qm emungere argento ; perfabricare qm (the two last expressions = to trick him out of his money ; to take him in ; all are confined to Comedy) ; d. one's cre- ditors, fraudare creditores : to attempt to d. aby, fraude qm tentare; fallaciara intendere in qm. — igjT The fallens deceives by imparting erroneous vieius ; the frus- trans, by false hopes; the imponens, by practising on the credulity of another. Decipere and circumvenire mean to outwit, and obtain an unfair advantage ; the decipiens by a suddenly executed; the circumveniens by an artfully laid plot. Fraudare means to injure and rob aby by an abuse of his confidence; D'od. [see Deceive.] DEFRAUDER, fraudator.— [ (ggf" defraudator, very late ; Gaj. I?ist. 4, 65.] — homo ad fallendum paratus, or instructus (one who delights in defrauding). — See Deceiver. — circumscriptor (esply one who takes advan- tage of the young and inexperienced). — quadruplator (esply one who tries to get the property of others by chicanery, fyc). — veterator (an old hand at defrauding, #c). — $$F deceptor only Sen. Thy est. 144. See Deceiver. DEFRAY, suppeditare (e. g. the expense, charge, cost, $c, sumptus or sumptum): to d. part of the cost, in partem impensae venire : to be able to d. the expense, sumptus sustinere; sumptibus subsistere: not to be able to d. the expense, sumptibus sufficere or subsistere non posse; sumptus tolerare non posse: to d. the first cost, fyc, sarcire or resarcire sumptum suum (Ter.). — quod impensae factum est in rem erficere : the profits do notd. the expenses of management, impendia superant reditum : to d. household expenses, *usibus rei fami- liaris satisfacere. I have enough to d. my expenses, habeo, unde utar. DEFRAYER, qui sumptus suppeditat, &c. DEFRAYMENT, see Payment. DEFT. || Apt at athg, habilis, aptus, idoneus ad qd (sometimes, but seldom, with dat. ; see Grotef. § 197. Zumpt. § 409). \\ Elegant in mien and gesture, bellus. — venustus ; elegans. — || With alacrity, Maris; (less commonly) hilarus ; alacer. DEFTLY, apte ; idonee ; apposite.— belle ; festive ; eleganter or commode. — hilare ; laete, &c. : he who does athg d., qui qd commode facit (e. g. commode saltare). ■ — qui qd scienter facit (e. g. he plays on the pipe d., scienter tibiis cantat). DEFUNCT, mortuus ( ggir defunctus, unclass.). DEFY, || Challenge ; vid. || Set at defiance; see under Defiance. DEGENERACY. \\ Natural degeneracy ; Crcl. with degener or degenerare; or degenerare in ferita- tem. || Moral degeneracy, degener animus (V. degeneros animos timor arguit). — depravatio animi. — i. uses the neut. partcp. degeneratum (1, 53; ni dege- neration in aliis huic quoque decori offecisset, if his having degenerated in other respects had not, $c.) — The gods bear me witness, that I cannot justly be charged with d., di mini sunt testes non degenerasse propinquos (sc. me, Propert.) : d. of manners, mores corrupti, depravatique ; mores perditi ; mores turpes. DEGENERATE, v. degenerare. — degenerare in feritatem (to grow wild again, of trees). — degenerare a parentibus (d.fm ancestors, of children). DEGENERATE, indignus parentibus or majoribus. — degener (poet, and post-Class, prose; ^jT dege- neratus, Val. Max.). — A d. age, aetas pejor parentibus or avis (aft. H.). If 'degenerate' is used vaguely to denote ' corruption,' see Corrupt. DEGLUTINATE, deglutinare (e. g. palpebras, Plin. 25, 13, 103).— reglutinare (Catull. 25, 9. Marc. Cap. 6, p. 191). DEGLUTITION, Crcl. with glutire ; haurire. DEGRADATION. || Formal act of degrading or deposing, gradus dejectio (Modest, in Dig. 49,16, 3).— ab ordine motio (Ulp. 37, 20, 3).— depositio dig- nitatis (Ulp. Dig. 48, 19, 8). || In a wider sense, imminuta cs auctoritas or dignitas.— ignominia. dede- cus (disgrace). — It is thought a d. to have one's name removed to the city tribes, in urbanas tribus transferri, ijmominiae est (Plin.): to think athg a d., qd infra se positum arbitrari. See 'to think degrading' in To Degrade. DEGRADE. \\ Remove to a lower rank, loco movere (of soldiers ; Cces. B. C. 3, 74 ; coupled with ignominia notare, to disgrace). — ex superiore ordine in inferiorem detrudere qm (cf. Suet. Cces. 29, in.). — gradu dejicere qm (aft. Modest, in Dig. 49, 16, 3).— ab ordine movere qm (aft. Ulp. Dig. 37, 20, 30).— militandi ordi- nem ci mutare (of a soldier ; cf. L. 25, 6, 15). — remo- vere, amovere or submovere qm munere (to remove (220) DEI Mm fm his office ; esply fm an office of state). — To d. a senator, qm a or de senatu movere; qm senatu or sena- torio loco movere ( L. 39, 42) : to d. aby fmhis office, abro- gare or abolere ci magistratnm (both in the Rom. sense ; abol. implying that the degradation is for ever) : to d. the governor of a province, qm provincia demovere. || In a wider sense; to disgrace, fyc, dignitate sua privare or spoliare. — imminuere cs auctoritatem. — qm ignominia arricere or notare (the latter, Cces. B. C. 3, 74). — ignominiam ci injungere or inurere (to dis- grace). — To d. oneself, se abjicere. — se abjicere et pro- sternere. — minuere suam dignitatem. — dignitatis suae immemorem esse. — se dedecorare (e. g. flagitiis). — se ipsum in ordinem cogere (L.; to forget what is due to oneself; fig. expression fm the notion of reducing an officer to the ranks [ ? ] ). — in pejorem partem rapere : to d. art to a gainful trade, artem ad mercedem atque quaestum abducere : to such a degree was art de- graded by Perillus, in hoc Perillus artem devocavit. To d. oneself to athg, prolabi ad qd. descendere ad qd. se projicere in qd: tod. athg, qd abjicere et prosternere (Ter.). || Degrading; see Disgraceful. To think athg d., qd infra se positum arbitrari ; alhg is d. to aby, est infra cs dignitatem. Thinking it degrading to, infe- rius majestate sua rati, si, &c. (T. Ami. 3, 3.) DEGREE, gradus (strictly applicable only to things that are susceptible of gradations, such as relationship, rank, honours, age, fyc. ; also applied to d.'s of perfec- tion ; see C. Eel. p. 181 ; and in Mathem. of the d.'s of a circle, $c). — [g^lF gradus also stands for 'degree' of relationship ; e.g. — not to stand in any d. of relation- ship to aby, nullo gradu contingere cs domum (Suet. Ner. Galb. 2; whence we may form the expressions, 'to be related in the second or third degree,' fyc.) : to stand in a near d. of relationship to aby, arcto propinquitatis vinculo cum qo conjunctum esse : to stand in a near d. of relationship to aby on the mother's side, a matre artis- simo gradu contingere qm. To reach a high d. (of per- fection), ad altum gradum pervenire : not yet to have reached so high a d. of wisdom, nondum pervenisse ad istum gradum sapientiae : to bring a work to the highest d. of perfection, operi fastigium imponere. — $gj/T ' In a high degree' is mly translated by summus, &c, with- out gradus ; e. g. you possess that faculty in a high d., ea facultas in te summa est : those faculties have been granted to you in a less d., tibi ea minora data sunt (C. Or. 1, 29, 132) : to possess athg in a higher d., qd majus habere (v. C. N. D. 2, 31, 79) : to possess athg in a very high d., qd in te summum est ; qa re cumulatum esse. — When ' degree' means a quality, it is expressed in Lat. not by gradus, but by some other turn of expression, e. g. a slight d. of cold, frigus leve : a high d. of cold, frigus immodicum : an intolerable d. of cold, frigus intolera- ble. To have reached the highest d., venisse ad sum- mum (e. g. of aby's glory): in a high d., valds; mag- nopere : in a higher d., magis : in the highest d., maxi- mopere; summopere : in an equal d., aeque ; pariter: to love in the same d., pares in amore esse et aequales : in the same d. as, ita . . . . ut (C. Off. 1, 15, extr.); quan- tum .... tantum (Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 7): to such a d. of boldness, eo audaciae : to such a d. that, #c, usque eo or adeo . . . ut, &c— 1| Class, elassis (v. pr.).—ordo (d. or rank): men of the lowest d., hominis innmi ordinis or generis : people of all d.'s, omnium ordinum homi- nes : of the same d., ejusdem ordinis homines. || By degrees, paullatim (gradually). — sensim (by imper- ceptible d.'s, opp. subito or repente). — pedetentim ; gradatim (step by step, ped. opp. curru, equo, &c. ; grad. opp. concitato gradu). — sensim et paullatim ; sensim et pedetentim ; pedetentim et gradatim. — minutatim (in separate small portions; e. g. to retreat, #c-) — (WS§F ihe combination so frequent in modern Lat., sensim sensimque is false Lat.): a hill rising by gentle d.'s, collis molliter assurgens; also leniter editus, placide or leniter acclivis (opp. leniter decli- vis) : a chain of mountains, ascending by gentle d.'s, molle et clementer editum montis jugum : to go for- wards by d.'s, placide progredi : to go backwards by d.'s, paullatim labi. — || An academical degree, •gradus honoris academici or dignitatis academicae. DEHORT, seeTo Dissuade; and for its derivatives, see the corresponding derivatives of Dissuade DEIFICATION, apothe5sis (awo0?u>ois, Eccl.). — pure Lat. consecratio (T. Ann. 13, 2, extr.). DEIFY, qm ex homine deum facere (to make aby a god). — qm in ccelum tollere (to raise aby to heaven) — qm inter deos, or in deorum numerum referre ; qm in deorum numero collocare (to place aby amongst the gods). — deorum numero consecrare ; or merely con- secrare (to d. a man, beast, or thing).— qm ut deum DEI colere {to d. or worship as a god). — deorum honores ci tribuere (to d. or pay divine honours to aby). — ad cceium or ad astra tollere. laudes cs in astra tollere ; qm ad cceium laudibus efferre {fig. to extol him to the skies). DEIGN, || To condescend or vouchsafe, velle. — non gravari {with ace. and inf.) -, he has deigned, ipsi placuit, collibuit, or visum est. — D. to, fyc, rogo, ut ne graveris, &c. (C. with inf.) — often byCrcl. with digiram habere, ducere or judicare qm qare, or qui, followed by a subjunctive { |§2f° only the poets and writers of the silv. age say dignari qm qa, re) : to d. to have intercourse with aby, qm congressione dignum judicare ; qm dig- num judicare, quicum congrediar: to d. to speak to aby, qm sermone dignum judicare (C): to d. to con- verse with aby, *dignum habere qm, quicum colloqua- mur or sermonem conferamus : to d. to invite aby to dinner, qm dignum honore ccense habere {Suet. Vesp. 2, extr. says dignari qm honore ccense) : not to d. to look at aby, qm oculis fugere ; »qm ne aspectu quidem dignum habere. — 1| Tr.) {obsol.) dignum habere, ducere, judicare qm qa re. DEISM, *deismus. DEIST, *deista or *qui ita deum esse concedit, ut Christianorum deum non agnoscat ; or *qui deum quidem esse concedit, sed fictumet commenticium ; or ♦qui ita deum esse concedit, ut in ejus opinione tur- pissime labatur (cf. C. N. D.\, 29). DEITY, Deus {God). — numen divinum {the divine power, %c). — divinitas. natura divina {the nature and essence of God). — [ ||j|gp° deitas quite late; Augustin.] See God, Godhead. DEJECT, deprimere; opprimere {prop, and fig.). — frangere {fig. to make spiritless, opp. erigere ; see Bremi Np. Them. 1, 3): to be dejected by the consciousness of one's crimes, conscientia scelerum opprimi. — cs animum or qm frangere {opp. cs animum excitare, or qm erigere). — cs animum infringere, or affligere, or percellere. — ' With dejected face ' Crcl. with dejicere vultum or oculos {e. g. d e j e c i t v u 1 1 u m et submissa voce locuta est, V.).— dejectus vultum {Stat.). DEJECTED, humilis ; demissus ; humilis atque demissus {faint-hearted). — abjectus or abjectior ; afflic- tus ; fractus ; demissus fractusque ; fractus et de- missus ; jacens {d., or broken in spirit). — percul- sus; profligatus {deeply d.) ; perculsus et abjectus. — tristis. — a spe alienus {void of all hope; all these epithets are applied to men, and the state of their minds). — [|gjpr Dejectus, in this sense, belongs to poetry and post-class, prose [rare] ; haud dejectus equum duci jubet; dejecti et infracti, Q. — somewhat d., subtristis : grievously d., gravissime afflictus: to be d., animo esse demisso, or humili atque demisso, or abjecto, or fracto, &c. ; animo dencere ; animo cecidisse; esse perculso et abjecto animo; jacere {see C. Tusc. 3, 17, in. ; quid jaces? quid maeres?): to become d., animo demitti, or se demittere; animum demittere or contrahere; animum contrahere et demittere ; animum abjicere ; animum despondere : to be d. by no danger, nulli peri- culo animum submittere. DEJECTEDLY, humili animo; demisse; demisso animo ; humili atque demisso animo {d., or faint- heartedly). — abjecte ; abjecto or fracto or afflicto animo ; demisso fractoque animo {with a broken spirit). — tristi animo {sadly). DEJECTEDNESS, or DEJECTION, animi demis- sio, contractio, or infractio ; animus demissus. — animi debilitatio et abjectio (C). — recessus quidam animi et fuga. — animus a spe alienus. — Sts tnstitia. — animus abjectus, afflictus, debilitatus, or jacens : don't let him see your d., cave te tristem esse sentiat (7'er. Andr. 2, 3, 29) : to rouse aby from his d., animum cs jacentem ex- citare. DELACERATION, see Dilaceration. DELACTATION, see Weaning. DELATE, i| Convey; vid. || Accuse; vid. DELATION, || Conveyance; vid. || Accusa- tion; vid. DELATOR, see Accuser. DELAY, tr.) || Put off; see Defer. || To delay or hinder fm going on, morari; remorari ; moram facere ci rei; moram afferre ci or ci rei; moram et tarditatem afferre ci rei {to cause d. in athg). — tardare ; retardare {to d. or retard athg, e. g. the pursuit of the enemy, fyc): to d. aby {i. e. prevent his setting out on a journey), profecturum detinere; cs profectionem tar- dare : aby on his journey, retardare qm in via; remo- rari cs iter: unless he has been deluged {on his road), nisi quid impedimenti in via passus est (C.) : to d. aby in pursuit of the enemy, tardare qm ad insequendum hos- tem {of a bog, wch lay in the way) : the attack of the (221) DEL enemy, morari, tardare, or retardare hostium impelum : to be delayed by athg, tardari qa re. / am delayed by the winds, ventis detineor in loco ; venti me tardant. DELAY, intr. or absol.) To linger, loiter, be slow, cessare {to d. fm laziness when a task is to be performed: absol. or with inf.; also in qa, re and sts ad qd ; e. g. ad arma, and poet, in qd ; in vota preces- que, V.). — cunctari {to d. doing athg fm irresolution; seld. with inf. [e. g. profited, C ] or rei. clause [quid faciatis, S.] ). — morari; moram facere {to d. when aby ought to be getting on ; morari may be followed by inf.). — tardare {fm ennui or want of will). — tergiversari {to seek an escape fm the necessity of doing or saying what one dislikes). — Jn. cunctari et tergiversari {with ut, ne, C). — haesitare {to d. from not knowing what to do or say) : to d. fm day to day, diem ex die ducere or prola- tare. To punish those who d., tardantes punire {of bees ; Plin.). DELAY, s. mora. — retardatio. Jn. retardatio et mora {d. that makes one late, hinders one, fyc). — sus- tentatio {the being suspended, as to its execution, %c. for a time). Jn. mora et sustentatio. — commoratio {time one stops at a place). — cessatio {fm laziness when work is to be done). — dilatio ; prolatio {the putting off). — pro- crastinatio {d. fm one day to another). — tarditas {slow- ness); Jn. tarditas et procrastinatio (C.)— cunctatio {d. fm irresolution) : to grant d., dare dilationem : to grant a few days' d. {with ref. to payment), paucos dies ad sol- vendum ci prorogare : to ask for d., petere dilationem : to admit of d., habere qam moram et sustentationem {opp. necessity of being done at once, statim) : to endure no d., dilationem non pati; dilationem non pati or reci- pere ; cunctationem non recipere : without d., sine dila- tione; sine mora; nulla interposita mora. — protinus. statim, continuo {immediately). — abjecta omni cuncta- tione {without any d. fm irresolution) : to do athg with- out d., repraesentare qd {esply of a payment ; but also of other actions) : it is no time for d., nulla mora est ; maturato opus est : to cause d., tarditatem or moram et tarditatem afferre (ci rei) ; impedimentum afferre (ci rei, T.); moram atque impedimentum (ci rei) inferre (C.) ; (ci rei) moram facere, afferre, inferre, objicere. DELAYER, cunctator (a d. or irresolute person). — • cessator {d., or person who sits with his hands before him, when he has work to do). — cunctans ; cunctabun- dus ; cessans : if a female, mulier cunctans ; mulier cessans : a terrible d., lentum sane negotium (C). DELECTABLE, see Delightful. DELECTABLENESS, DELECTATION, delectatio. — oblectatio. See Delight. DELEGATE, || Send with power to transact business, legare ; allegare {to d. or depute). — legatum mittere {to d. or send as an ambassador, esply in affairs of state). — mandata ci dare (to give him a commission). — HS? ^ would be wrong to employ amandare and ablegare in this sense {as is frequently done in modern Lat.); those words mean ' to send aby away under a pre- text in order to get rid of him:' to d. aby to do athg, ci mandare, ut, &c. ; negotium ci dare, ut, $c. : to be delegated to do athg, jussus sum facere qd : to d. with full power, ci cs rei faciendae licentiam dare or permit- tere (cf. C. Verr. 3, 94, 220. S. Jug. 103, 2).— liberum cs rei arbitrium ci permittere (L. 32, 37): to be dele- gated by aby, mandata habere a qo ; cs nomine, or qo auctore facere qd {to do athg in consequence of being delegated by aby). \\ To deliver or entrust athg to the care of another on whom one confers authority to manage it, 8,-c, mandare ci qd (com- mission him to do it ; e. g. negotium). — demandare ci qd (give it up entirely to another, so as to think no more about it oneself; e. g. funeris curam ; helium).— dele- gare ci qd (to shove off upon another what one should do oneself; e. g. curam cs rei ci ; officium ci). DELEGATE, s. legatus ; cui rerum agendarum licentia data or permissa est (d. with full powers ; cf. C. Verr. 3, 94, 220. S. Jug. 103, 2). — qui mandata babet a qo {commissioned). — *publica auctoritate mis- sus ; also merely legatus (a d. with authority fm the slate; — |g^> Here ablegatus would be false Lat.): d.'s come from Sicily, Siculi veniunt cum mandatis. DELEGATION, delegatio (C; but in the sense of assigning a debt to another ; in the usual sense of ' dele- gation,' Sen. : delegationem ista res non recipit, that ' cannot be performed by d. ;' i. e. must be done by one- self). — mandatus, us (but only in the abl. ; C— cujus emptorem istum demonstravi fuisse mandatu Caesen- niae, Ccec. 7, 19). — res mandata (the affair delegated; C). — potestas qd faciendi ; auctoritas, &c. will sts help, or procuratio negotii, muneris, &c. (management of an affair, office, committed to a person) : by d. from t/ie DEL senate, auctoritate senatus. || Body of delegates, allegati (C. Qu. Fr. 2, 3, 5. Cluent. 13, 39).— delecti. apocleti {chosen counsellors, %c; a more select commit- tee, Sfc. ; L.).— legatio {an embassy). DELETE, see To Blot out. DELETERIOUS, pemiciosus; exitiosus; exitialis {the first of an injurious ; the two next, of a destructive nature). — nocens, noxius, nociturus {hurtful; d. sub- stances, ea, quae nocitura videntur). — veneno imbutus, or infectus, or tinctus. — tabidus. tabificus {e. g. vene- num, &c, causing substances to waste away, fyc). — virulentus {imbued with poison ; or of a poisonous nature): who does not know that this substance is of a d. nature? quis non intelligit hanc rem nocere? to be d., nocere ; nociturum esse. DELETERIOUSNESS, vis nocendi. DELETION, see Erasure. DELF, || Mine; fodina {a mine).— See Mine. — || Earthenware, fictilia in lapidis duritiem efficta, n. pi. {Delft-ware.)— See Earthenware. DELIBERATE, v. deliberare {to weigh, as it were, in a balance; about or on a subject, de q§. re; also with utrum — an; withaby, cumqo; also used absol.). — ex- pended ; perpendgre ; pensitare. — ponderare ; exami- nare {to examine and weigh the reasons for and agst athg). — considerare, esply with cum animo, or in animo, or secum {to take athg into consideration, in order to make one's choice, or come to a decision). — reputare {to calculate in the mind, what will be the probable result of athg, esply with secum, animo, or cum animo). — agitare mente, or animo, or in mente, or cum animo {to sift athg in one's mind; to think it over repeatedly). volutare, in one's mind, secum animo, in animo : or with aby, cum qo ; with one's friends, cum amicis volutare. — volvere animo or secum ; versare secum in animo {to turn every way in one's mind : this expres- sion never occurs in C, but frequently in L. and S.) : maturely, multa secum reputare de re; etiam atque etiam reputare, quid, &c ; videre etiam atque etiam et considerare, quid, &c. (e. g. what is to be done, quid agendum) ; most carefully and maturely, omnia diligenter circumspicere ; omnia ratione animoque lustrare ; secum in animo versare unamquamque rem: after I had maturely deliberated, and weighed every particular, circumspectis rebus omnibus ratio- nibusque subductis ; the reasons on both sides, om- nes in utraque parte calculos ponere : to d. upon or examine athg most accurately, exactissimo judi- cio examinare qd. || To deliberate or take coun- sel with others, deliberare or consultare cum qo ; qm adhibere in consilium, or ad deliberationes : to meet in order to d., in deliberationem, or in consulta- tionem venire i in order to d., consiliandi causa: it is a thing upon wch one must d., consilii res est ; res in deliberationem cadit. DELIBERATE, deliberatus {adopted as a fixed pur- pose, aft. deliberation ; e. g. mors, H. poet, in this sense). — consideratus {maturely weighed ; e.g. judicium mentis, C. ; also impr. of persons who act with delibe- ration). Jn. {of things) consideratus ac provisus {e. g. via vivendi, C.) ; consideratus ac diligens {e. g. exco- gitatio faciendi qd). — circumspectus (e. g. judicium; moderatio animi ; prps not prce-Aug. Freund ; also impr. of persons). — meditatus or meditatus et praepa- ratus (e. g. ea [ = those injuries} quae meditata et prae- parata inferuntur, C. Off. 1, 8, 27).— cogitatus {e. g. facinus). — Jn. meditatus et cogitatus (e. g. a crime, scelus, C.) : or diu consideratus et multo ante medi- tatus (C). It is my d. resolution, certum ac delibera- tum est ; deliberatum et constitutum est ; habeo statu- tum cum animo ac deliberatum {with inf. ; all C): he had no more d. purpose, than, 8,c, neque illi quicquam deliberatius fuit, quam, &c. : to take athg into more d. consideration, consideratius consulere ci rei (C.) : a d. opinion { = decision of the mind) or resolution, consi- deratum judicium mentis (C.) : a d. resolve {of a moral nature), quaedam inductio animi ac voluntas (C. ad Q. F. 1, 11): not by any d. and wise choice, but by a sudden impulse, non delectu aliquo aut sapientia, sed impetu et quadam temeritate (e. g. duci, C). IgggT 'Deliberate' may often be translated by {'delibe- rately') prudens sciensque or sciens only; e. g. to utter a d. calumny, calumniari sciens. DELIBERATELY, considerate (opp. inconsiderate) ; caute {opp. incaute). — circumspecte {opp. temere et nullo consilio). — consulto ( B§§f~ consulte is prce- and post-Class.) ; cogitato, or cogitate ; consilio ; judicio {opp. inconsiderate; inconsulto, or inconsulte; sine consilio ; sine judicio) ; caute or circumspectius {opp. incaute; temere; imprudenter; temere atque impru- (222) DEL denter).— de industria.— data or dedita opera (of delibe rate purpose). — voluntate et judicio (C. Tusc. 3, 28, 66; by a deliberate act of the will) : to do athg d., consulto et cogitatum facio qd ; qd prudens sciensque facio : a method d. chosen, deliberata ac provisa via (e. g. vivendi, C.) : a word d. chosen, verbum meditatum, cogitatum (C.) ; a wrong d. committed, injuria, quae consulto et cogitata fit (C), or quae meditata et prae- parata infertur (C). — || Slowly (vid.), lente. cunc- tanter ; not d. and wisely, non delectu aliquo aut sapi- entia (C). DELIBERATENESS, Sts consideratio. — cautio. circumspectio. prudentia {caution, #c). — H§f° con- siderantia, only Vitr. 6,1. DELIBERATION, deliberatio. — consultatio. Jn. deliberatio et consultatio. — consideratio. — reputatio [Syn. of verbs in To Deliberate] : the affair requires d., habet res deliberationem; ea res venit or cadit in deliberationem (C.) : to have time for d., spatium deli- berandi habere (C.) : wch requires further d., quod majoris consilii est (C.) : time for d., deliberandi or consultandi spatium : to demand or ask for time for d., tempus ad deliberandum or deliberandi causa sibi pos- tulare : to ask a single day for d., deliberandi sibi unum diem postulare : to take time for d., consultandi or de- liberandi spatium sumere : after mature d., re con- sults et explorata; inita subductaque ratione ; circum- spectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis ; re de- liberate (C7jua Ta dicunt, duo ex- plicare, of an illustrative figure). — deformatio (Vitr.). — adumbratio (a slightly shaded sketch; Vitr., and im- propr. ft). — designatio (the marking out, e.g. cellarum, Vitr.). — descriptio (e. g. volutarum, Vitr.). — ichnogra- phia (the first, a representation in drawing; the latter, a ground-plan or design).— Sts figura. species, imago : to make a d. of athg, speciem operis deformare ; ima- ginem or formam operis delineare (late ; Plin.) : to make a d. of a building, imaginem operis deformare lineis. The arts of delineation, artes, quae in effectu positae sunt; artes effectivae (Q. 2, 18, 2 and 5). — || Fig.) By words, fyc, descriptio (d. of places, characters, fyc). — designatio; imago; forma; figura; species et figura; *operis ratio. *primae velut lineae cs rei (a first sketch of it; aft. velut primas lineas ducere, Q.) : to give a d. of alhg, cs rei speciem et formam adumbrare: to give a short d. of athg, tantummodo summas attingere (opp. res explicare, Np. Pel. 1, 1). DELINQUENCY, see Guilt, Crime. DELINQUENT, nocens. — maleflcus. — qui scelus fecit or commisit.— [fi*^ Not reus. See Criminal.] DELIQUATE, deliquare. See Melt, Dissolve. DELIQUATION, liquatio; conflatura (of metals). DELIQUESCE, deliquescere. DELIQUIUM, subita (animae) defectio (Suet. Cat. 50 ; fainting. — |gg£" animi deliquium not Lut. ; animi defectus doubtful. No distinction of the kinds or degrees, such as deliquium, syncope, occur in Cels. ; they may be retained as tt. tt.). DELIRIOUS, delirus.— mente alienatus : to be d., mente alienatum esse (g. 1.). — mente alienata. or per- turbata loqui : to become d., mente alienari. DELIRIUM, delirium (med. term. Cels. 2, 8; cui calor et tremor, saluti delirium est).— mentis alienatio (g. t. as temporary d. ; Cels. 4, 2, init.). DEL DELIVER, || Set free, %c, liberare re or a re.— exsolvere re (to set free fm bonds ; propr. and fig. fm debt, anxiety, punishment, %c). — eximere re, or ex or de re (to release by taking out of, fyc. fm fear, slavery, punishment, %c, with de re, when it means ' to exempt,' e. g. agrum de vectigalibus. — post-Aug. with dat.). — levare re (to d. fm a weight = an unpleasant state, such as that of fear, care, trouble) — expedire ex re, re (dis- entangle fm ; Cic. has ex laqueis, but molestia without prep. ; also ab omni occupatione ; Ter. has molestia, aerumnis, crimine, cura, but ex turba). — in libertatem vindicare (to set free, rempublicam, patriam,populum ; fm athg, ex re, e. g. ex dominatu cs, C). — extrahere ex re (to drag out of athg). — eripere ex or a re (to snatch fm athg ; the two last mean to d. out of dag- gers or unpleasant states) ; fm slavery, servitute libe- rare or excipere ; servitio eximere ; e servitute in liber- tatem restituere or vindicare ; servile jugum e cervi- cibus cs dejicere ; a qo servitutis jugum depellere ; ci conditionem servilem eripere; fm a blockade, liberare obsidione ; eximere obsidione or ex obsidione ; fm debt, aere alieno liberare or exsolvere ; fm pecuniary difficulties, dimcultate pecuniarum exuere. See To Free ; and the particular substt. Trouble, Sorrow, Care, &c. — 1| To deliver (without express mention of 'fin rvhat'). To d. one's country, patriam e servitute in libertatem vindicare ; patriam eripere ex hostium manibus : to A. a prisoner, qm liberare custodiis, exi- mere vinculis : to d. a city, urbem obsidione liberare (fm a blockade). \\ To save, servare; conservare. — salutem ci dare ; salutis auctorem esse ci (to d. aby, or save aby's life, or civil existence) : to d. a city fm the enemy, urbem ab hostibus recuperare (to recover it) : to d. aby fm destruction, ab interitu vindicare or retra- here ; ab exitio ad salutem revocare ; a morte eripere, (C.) : to be delivered fm the very jaws of death, a limine ipso mortis revocari. || To deliver (in child-birth), mulieri parienti adesse or opem ferre : to be delivered, partum edere ; parere ; of a child, partui edere infantem : to be delivered of twins, geminum par- tum edere (L. 1, 4). — iggfTeniti (enisus, L.; enixus, Q.) is not found in this sense before Liv. ; e. g. 40, 4. — || To hand over to aby, tradere (to d. athg to the care of ahy, ci qd). — reddere (to d. or restore athg received to its proper owner, ci qd). — deferre (to d. athg to the charge of aby, qd ad qm). — perferre (to convey athg to aby and d. it to him, qd ad qm ; all these apply to a letter, literas; epistolam. — 1$*gr but dare literas ad qm means to write to aby). To d. with one's own hand, rem demanu in manum tradere. || To Deliver over; see Deliver up. || To Deliver down, tradere (by writing ; and of traditional customs, #c, consnetudo a majoribus tradita). — || To Deliver up, dedere (g. t., to aby, ci; to athg, ad qd ; to something to be suf- fered, ci rei ; to something it is to serve, patriae, libidini cs ; and fig. to apursuit, studio, Uteris). — prodeTe (treach- erously). — tradere (to hand over to; d. over to; e.g. urbem, arma, thesaurum), &c. — cedere (to yield up a possession; currum, regnum, possessionem; all, ci) : to d. up to be tortured, qm ad cruciatum dedere : to d. athg into a person's own hands, qd ci ipsi (coram) tradere in manum (Plant.): to d. up deserters, dare or reddere transf ugas ; perfugas restituere (e. g. according to compact, ex foedere) : to d. up arms, beasts of draught, 8fc. (of a city to the enemy), arma proferre; jumenta producere (Cces. B. G. 7, 11) : to d. aby up to be killed, dedere qm ad supplicium, necem, or (T.) exitium ; exhibere qm ad ferrum ; qm ad supplicium ; tradere qm supplicio (Suet. Vitell. 14) : to demand that aby should be delivered up, exposcere qm (e. g. of a state, publice). — deposcere qm, with or without in poenam, ad supplicium : to deliver a city up to the enemy. urbem tradere hostibus in manum ; urbem dedere ; urbis deditionem facere. || To utter, speak, fyc. pronunciare (to d. a speech). — recitare (to d. with appro- priate expression): to d. athg from memory, qd memo- riter pronunciare or proferre (prof, applies to recitation before an audience) : to d. a speech, orationem habere, agere or dicere (7raK«'£eii/ ; Octav. Hor. 4). DEPILOUS, sine pilo, or sine pilis ; pilo carens {by nature). — pilis defectus {by old age, Phcedr. 5, 7, 2). — depilatus {deprived of hair, on any part of the body). — calvus {opp. capillatus, comatus). DEPLETION, exinanitio. — detractio sanguinis and detractio only {d. by blood-letting) : to bear d., detrac- tionem [sanguinis] sustinere {Cels. 2, 10) : to be cured by d., detractionibus curari {Vitr. 1, 6, opp. adjectioni- bus): to use d., deplere sanguinem {Plin.). DEPLORABLE, miserabilis ; dolendus. — miseran- dus ; cornmiserandus; deplorandus ; lamentabilis ; aerum- nosus. — calamitosus [See Lamentable, Wretched]. DEPLORABLENESS, see Misery, Wretched- ness. DEPLORABLY, miserandum or miserum in mo- dum. — misere. — miserabiliter {in a manner to excite compassion ; miserab. also, very badly ; e.g. miserabili- ter scriptae literae). DEPLORE, deflere.— deplorare ; complorare {to d. or bewail vehemently ; compl. esply of several): to d. the death of aby, deflere, complorare cs mortem; de morte cs flere ; cs morti illacrimari ; cs mortem cum fletu deplorare : to d. the dead, lacrimis justoque com- ploratu prosequi mortuos {of deploring the dead by female mourners at the funeral ; L. 25, 26): to d. the living as well as the dead, complorare omnes, pariter vivos mortuosque : the death of aby is not deplored, mors cs caret lacrimis : to d. hitnself and his country, complorare se patriamque (cf. L. 2, 40) : to d. his mis- fortunes, deplorare de suis incommodis : to d. the fate of the nation with unavailing tears, complorare inutili lamentatione fortunam gentis: it is much to be de- plored, valde dolendum est. — See Bewail, Lament. DEPLUMATION, plumarum detractio. DEPLUME, e. g. a bird, *avi pennas evellere, or auferre. DEPLUMED, deplumis {without feathers). — deplu- matus (Isid. late). DEPONENT, testis.— qui juratus qd affirmat. — || In qrammar, verbum deponens. DEPOPULATE. To d. a country, terram vacue- facere ; incolas terra ejicere {to remove the inhabitants ; see Np. Cim. 2, 5). — vastare ; devastare ; pervastare {to lay waste; make uninhabitable for men ; dev. and perv. to make so utterly).— populari ; depopulari ; perpopu- lari ( to lay waste by an army, so as to drive away the inhabitants, and destroy whatever can afford them sub- sistence, esply by robbery and plunder) : to d. and lay waste by fire and sword, ferro ignique, or igni ferroque vastare ; ferro flammisque pervastare. DEPOPULATION, vastatio. — populatio ; depopu- late {d. and complete ransacking, e. g. of the land, agrorum). — vastitas {the state of being depopulated). DEPOPULATOR, vastator— populator {d. or layer waste). — eversor {destroyer); Jn. populatror eversor- que. DEPORT, || To deport oneself; see Demean oneself; Behave. || To banish (vid.), deportare qm; to an island, in insulam. DEPORTATION, deportatio {Ulp.). See Trans- portation and Exile. DEPORTMENT, see Demeanour, Behaviour. DEPOSE. || To deprive of a high station, a) Dethrone, vid. /3) To reduce fm other high stations, loco suo qm movere {g. t.). — removere, ab- movere, submovere qm a munere. — abolere, or abro- gare ci magistratum or imperium (both in the Rom. tense ; abol. with the notion of deposition for ever). II To depose as a witness, testificari ; pro testi- monio dicere : to d. on oath, «juratum qd affirmare : (229) DEP to d. in confirmation of another person's deposition, attestari ; testimonio confirmare. DEPOSIT, v. propr.) ponere ; deponere (to lay down ; also to d. or give into the keeping of aby) : to d. a burden, onus deponere: to d. hi the earth, qd depo- nere defossa terra (H.) ; in a ditch, trench, scrobe, sulco, &c. qd deponere : to d. eggs, ova ponere (e. g. sepibus, V.). — BggST deponere in qo loco and in qm locum, both Class. — 1| To deposit with a view to preservation, deponere: to d. money, ponere pecu- niam : to d. athg with aby, deponere qd apud qm : to d. in a temple, ponere in templo (as a consecrated gift); referre in templum (to d. for the sake of safe custody) : in the treasury (money), in aerarium or in publicum referre ; in thesaurum referre (of the foregoing verbs the two first refer to the magistrate, who d.'s the money received by him in charge for the state, or to the general who d.'s the money taken as booty, in the public trea- sury ; see C. Agr. 2, 27, 72. Np. Timoth. 1,2; the last is in L. 29, 18 ; esply in ref. to the money collected, and deposited in the treasury. In aerarium deferre has a totally different meaning, and refers to what is contri- buted by individuals, and deposited in the treasury for the use of the state; see L. 5, 25; 40, 41): to d. the money of minors in the treasury (by the state), pecunias pupillares in fide publica deponere : to d. or pay in, tra- dere : to d. for the sake of being kept, servandum dare : to d. as a pledge ; see Pledge. DEPOSIT, depositum. — «pecuniae apud qm deposi- tae. — fidei commissum ( property of any sort, which aby is under an obligation to restore to a third party) : a d. or pledge, pignus (pignus of res mobi- les wch are actually deposited, hypotheca of res immobiles: 'res quae sine traditione nuda conven- tione tenetur,' Just. Inst. 4, 6, 7). — arrhabo ; arrha (a d. or earnest- money) : to give a d. or pledge, dare pignus : to give athg as a d. or pledge, qd pignerare or oppigne- rare; qd pignori dare, or obiigare, or opponere ; fidu- ciarium dare qd : to receive athg as a d., qd pignori accipere : to give athg as a d. to aby, apud qm pignori ponere qd : to restore a d., reddere depositum. For other meanings, see Pledge ; Mortgage. DEPOSITARY, custos ; apud quem qd depositum est,— sequester ( = ' apud quem plures eandem rem, de qua controversia est, deposuerunt,' Modest. Dig. 50, 16, 110). DEPOSITION, || Deprivation, of rank. Crcl. by verbs. The d. of Lentulus, *abrogatum Lentuli im- perium : a law about the d. of Lentulus, lex de abro- gando Lentuli imperio. \\ Evidence, testimonium: to make a d., juratum qd affirmare: to make a d. as to athg, testimonium cs rei dare or reddere ; testimonium cs rei afferre. DEPOSITOR, depositor (late; Ulp.).— qui pecunias apud qm deponit or deposuit. DEPOSITORY, receptaculum (g. t., praedse, for the booty). — apotheca, ae, /. (ano0f]Kn ; a place where stores are kept; esply wine; C. H. and others). — horreum (magazine, fyc, esply for corn). DEPOT, see Depository. DEPRAVATION, corruptio. depravatio. deterior conditio or status, pravitas. DEPRAVE, deterius facere, or in deterius mutare qd (to make worse, instead of better, opp. corrigere). — in pejus mutare, or vertere et mutare (to turn to evil, opp. in melius mutare).— corrumpere ; depravare (to d. physically and morally, opp. corrigere); Jn. corrum- pere et depravare : to d. aby, qm depravare ; cs mores depravare or corrumpere. DEPRAVED, see Corrupt, adj. Wicked. DEPRAVITY, depravatio et fceditas animi (C.).— mores corrupti depravatique; mores perditi or turpes. See Corruption ; Wickedness. DEPRECATE. To d. (or avert athg fm aby by prayer), deprecari qd a qo : to d. a fault, postulare, ut delicto ignoscatur; erroris veniam petere: to d. aby's wrath, deprecari iram cs (e. g. senatus, L.); postulare, ut delicto ignoscat qs. DEPRECATION, deprecatio (prayer for the pardon of an offence). — ignoscendi postulatio (prayer for par- don) : at aby's d., qo deprecatore : compelled by your importunate d., coactus tuis assiduis vocibus. DEPRECIATE, || To lessen the price, levare pretia cs rei : to d. corn, annonam laxare or levare ; gg^" depretiare late ; Paul. Dig. 9, 2, 22. — || To undervalue, detrabere de qa re, or de qo (to d. or detract from the value of athg, or aby) : to speak of aby in order to d. his character, de qo detrahendi causa dicere: tod. aby's actions, elevare res gestas ; elevare cs praeclare acta (L.); aby's credit or authority, elevare DEP qm or cs auctoritatem ; levare cs auctoritatem : lo d. or speak agst aby, or athg, obtrectare ci, and ci rei, or (seldomer) qd ; cs laudibus and cs laudes : every one extols himself and d.'s his neighbour, ita se quisque extollit, ut depriniat alium {L.). DEPRECIATION, obtrectatio. DEPREDATE, v.— $§f not depraedari. late, for praedari ; praedam agere ; depopulari ; depeculari ; spoliare, &c. — See Plunder, Pillage, Prey upon. DEPREDATION, direptio; expilatio; depopulate ; praedatio : d.'s of all sorts, latrociniaet raptus : to com- mit d.'s, rapinas facere; latrocinari : to abstain fm d.'s, direptione praedaque abstinere. — H§§T deprasdatio very late ; Lac lard. DEPREDATOR, || Plunderer, raptor (the d. who employs force in plundering others). — praedo (ivho makes booty, either by sea or land). — pirata (who seizes the possessions of others by open force at sea, the corsair) : the d.'s of the world (of the Romans), raptoros orbis (Tac. Agr. 30, 5).— 1| Depopulator, vastator. — popu- lator (a d. or ravager). — eversor (a d. or destroyer) ; Jn. populator eversorque. DEPREDATORY, rapax (in search of plunder).— praedatorius (fitted out to make booty, e. g. navis). — latrociniis assuetus (accustomed to live by plunder; e.g. gens). — latrocinio similis (like a highway robbery). DEPREHEND, || To catch or take unawares aby in athg, deprehendere qm in re. — comprehen- dere (to d. and put in confinement) ; aby in the very act, qm deprehendere in manifesto facinore. — 1| To de prchend, find out, or detect, deprehendere. — invenire. reperire. — See Detect. DEPREHENSIBLE. Crcl. with verb.— quod depre- hendi potest, &c. DEPREHENSION, || comprehensio (prop.).— pre- hensio (prop, and in a juridical sense ; e. g. to have the right of d., jus prehensionis habere). — deprehensio (taking by surprise). — || Finding out, inventio. — observatio ; cognitio (perception). DEPRESS, deprimere; opprimere (prop, and fig.). frangere (fig. ; to make spiritless, opp. erigere, see Bremi Np. Them. 1, 3): to be depressed by a consciousness of his crimes, conscientia scelerum opprimi : to d. or afflict aby, qm, or cs animum affligere ; cs animum frangere or infringere : to d. aby's hopes, spem cs inci- dere or infringere ; suddenly, spem cs praecldere. DEPRESSION, || Propr.) depressio (post-Class, rare ; e. g. of the sun ; opp. lo altitudo ejus ; of the nose, nasi, Macrob.). — 1| Fig.) Mental depression, animi demissio ; animus demissus ; animus abjectus, orafflic- tus, or jacens (want of spirit). — animus a spe alienus (hopelessness). — tristitia (sadness). Don't let him per- ceive your d., cave te esse tristem sentiat (Ter. Andr. 2, 3, 29) : to rouse aby fm a state of d., animum cs jacen- tem excitare. DEPRESSIVE, gravis; acerbus. DEPRIVATION, || The act of depriving, pri- vatio ; spoliatio ; direptio ; expilatio ; orbatio, #c. (Syn. of verbs under Deprive.)— ademptio (the taking away, C. : pi. T. ademptiones bonorum).— amotio (the removal; e.g. doloris, C.).— || The state of losing, amissio, amissus (loss: for the latter, see Np. Ale. 6, 2). jactura (a loss voluntarily undergone ; see Plin. Ep. 1, 12, in jacturam gravissimam feci, si jactura dicenda tanti viri amissio). — orbitas cs (state of de- solation fm the loss of aby, e. g. of the commonwealth, orbitas rei publicae talium virorum).— Athg is a great d. to aby, miserum est ci carere qa re. — The loss of athg was a great d. to aby, quam huic erat miserum carere re (e. g. consuetudine amicorum, C.)\ DEPRIVE, privare qm qa re (to take away athg fm aby). — spoliare ; despoliare ; or exspoliare (stronger expressions).— adimere (to take away something desira- ble). — eripere (to snatch away) ci qd. — orbare qm re (to take away athg which is dear to us, esply chil- dren, hopes, 8,-c.) : to d. aby of his children, qm orbare liberis ; liberos a qo abstrahere (by main force, e. g. as hostages, obsidum nomine) : to d. aby of all his senses, qm omnibus orbare sensibus: lo d. aby of his reason, qm deturbare de mente et sanitate: de- prived of athg, orbus qa re ; of children, liberis orbatus ; of the use of one's limbs, membris captus : of the sight, hearing, understanding, oculis et auribus, mente cap- tus ; of hope, spe orbatus ; completely, spe dejectus. DEPTH, altitudo (d,, as a quality). — profunditas (d,, as a property ; though not used by ancient writers, it is analogically formed, and may be retained, wherever per- spicuity requires it).— profundum. altum (d.'s of the sen ; hardly, except where mare, locus, &c. can be sup- plied; e.g. jecissem me potius in profundum, sc. mare, (230) DER in lo the d.'s of the sea). — vorago (an abyss).— latitudo (hori- zontal d.fmface to back; breadth, opp. longitudo). — vocis genus grave (d. of voice or sound). — recessus (that wch retires back; e.g. recessus oris, &c): depths, loca in mirandam altitudinem depressa : the d.'s of a forest, silvarum profunda (T.) : the d. of the stream, altitudo fluminis : the immense d. (of a river), profunda altitudo (T.) : the d. of the sea, altitudo maris (as a property); profundum maris (the bottom of the sea) : to cast one- self into the d.'s of the sea, praecipitare (without design) ; se jacere in profundum (with design) : to be out of one's d., in profundo esse ; solo or vado fugiente destitui ; qm vadum destituit (L. 21, 28) : to be afraid of getting out of one's d., timere altitudinem (L. 21, 28): the house is thirty feet in d., domus triginta pedes in lati- tudinem exstructa est; domus triginta pedes lata est. — 1| Depth of character, altitudo ingenii ; of soul, altitudo animi (/3a0gp~meritissirnus is used absol. in the Inscript. — Fulvius filiae meritis- simae. DESHABILLE, negligentior amictus (Q. ; who uses it, however, of the manner in wch an orator lets his dress sit, $c). — vestis domestica (opp. vestis forensis, Suet. Oct. 73. Vitell. 8).— «vestis, quam mane induo, &c. ; in d., in veste domestica : to be in d., *negligen- tius amiciri, vestiri. DESICCANTS, cataplasmata calida. DESICCATE, siccare; exsiccare.— desiccare (prce- and post-Class.). DESICCATION, siccatio ; siccitas (e. g. of a body).— ariditas (the dryness, e. g. of fields). DES DESICCATIVE, qd siccat ; exsiccat. DESIDERATUM, res maxime necessaria ad qd; quod desideratur ; quod deest ; desideratum (athg that is missing). DESIGN, v. || Purpose, intend, in animo ha- bere. — cogitare; agitare (in) mente or (in) animo. — parare {to prepare). — moliri (mly of some difficult pur- pose). — agitare de qa re ; moliri qd. — constituere (to fix ; to purpose). — destinare (e. g. qua? agere de- stinaverat). — See To Purpose, To Intend. — 1| To draw an outline, or sketch, delineare ; de- signare ; describere (not used absolutely, but always with the object expressed, e. g. imaginem, or some such word). — depingere; describere (fig.): to d. skilfully, probe depingere qd : to be skilled in the art of designing, graphidos scientiam habere. See To Draw. DESIGN, || Purpose, consilium (plan or purpose). — cceptum; inceptum (beginning, or undertaking). — propositum (intention or purpose). — institutum (that wch aby intends to put into execution). — cogitata, pi. quod cogito (what is in the thoughts, or will): my d., res, quam paro ; institutum meum : to betray, or dis- cover, his d.'s, consilium or cogitata patefacere : to exe- cute his d., consilium exsequi; propositum peragere : to have a d. to injure, habere voluntatem nocendi : to entertain hostile d.'s agst the state, contra rempublicam sentire : to form great d.'s, magna meditari or moliri. || Sketch, plan, designatio; adumbratio. — deforma- tio (delineation). — forma ; figura ; species (sketch). — imago (outline). — descriptio ; ichnographia (ground- plan): a d.forahouse, aedificandi descriptio (e.g. usus, ad quem accommodanda est sedificandi descriptio, C). — 1| Drawing, graphis, idos, /. (fpacpis) or in pure Lat. pictura linearis : to be skilful in the art of d., gra- phidos scientiam habere; graphidos non imperitum esse. DESIGNATE, notare. denbtare. signare. designare (g. it. to make distinguishable by a mark). — nominare. appellare. vocare. dicere. — Syn. in Call = Name. — fffiSJT voc. mly with a subst., die. with an adj. — nomen ci dare, indere or imponere (give it a name). — designare qd verbis (C. to describe). — designare is also used alone in the sense of 'denote;' verba quae res communes de- signant (Varr.). — To d. every thing by a name of its own, suo quamque rem nomine appellare. || Point out to or for (any purpose, situation, %c), destinare qm (or qd) ad qd or ci rei. — designare (e. g. mark out, fix upon, locum sepulcro ; also absol. quem populus designave- rit). DESIGNATION, || Act of marking out, or ap- pointing to, designatio (e.g. sine designatione per- sonarum et temporum, C. — designatio consulates, his appointment to the consulship ; T.). — nominatio (nam- ing). — notatio (as action ; also of denoting by words). I! That to wch a person or thing is appointed, finis (the final purpose for wch a thing is intended). — sors. provincia (the sphere of a person's duties ; his office, calling, fyc). — 1| Import (of a word; Locke), senten- tia. notio. significatio. vis. potestas. DESIGNEDLY, consulto. cogitate. — Jn. consulto et cogitate (aft. due consideration). — voluntate (will- ingly, opp. casu). — dedita opera, de industria (with intentional exertion). — sponte (with no other induce- ment than one's own inclination). — To do athg d., con- sulto et cogitatum facere qd. Not d., imprudenter ; per imprudentiam ; inconsulte; temere ; Jn. incon- sulte ac temere; temere ac fortuito; casu (by acci- dent). DESIGNER, || Who has designed or planned athg, inventor (jggjp°repertor, Poet, and post-Class.). — auctor. architectus. Jn. architectus et princeps. || A former of plans, projects, 8rc, *qui consilia struit or mente agitat. *consiliorum architectus. *homo semper agens qd et moliens. — doli or fallacia- rum machinator (plotter; T. Ann. I, 10, 2). — 1| One who draws designs, pictor (g. t.); or Crcl. with verbs, fyc. DESIGNING, callidus et ad fraudem acutus.— frau- dulentus. — dolosus. — subd61us. — subdolus atque occul- tus (T.). — *semper struens qd atque moliens. — vetera- tor et callidus. — See Deceitful. DESIGNLESS, imprudens. — inconsultus.— temera- lius. — fortuitus. DESIGNLESSLY, vid. ' Not Designedly.' DESIGNMENT, || Purpose, consilium.— consilium institutum. — cogitatio. — propositum. inceptum (pur- pose, plan). — Syn. in Plan. — 1| The plan sketched out, descriptio cs rei. — ratio cs rei. — rei agenda? ordo. DESIRABLE, optabilis. optandus. — cupiundus (S. Jug. 3, 1 ). — expetendus. — desiderabilis (rare ; e. g. quae (233) DES [cupiditates] inanes sunt, his parendum non est ; nihil enim desiderabile concupiscunt, C. Fin. 1, 16, 53; and Top. 18, 69). — Not to seem at all d., minime cupiundum videri : not to be d. for its own sake, nihil habere in se, cur expetatur: to be very d., magnopere expetendum esse : to be d. for its own sake, propter se expetendum esse : there is nothing in this world so d. as, 8fc, nihil in hac vita, magnopere expetendum, nisi, &c. DESIRABLENESS, Crcl.— To have no d., nihil in se habere, cur expetatur. DESIRE, s. desiderium (longing desire for an object, the want of wch is felt). — cupido. cupiditas (the former considered as in action, and necessarily with a gen. of the object expressed or implied ; the latter con- sidered as a state, the passion of desire, opp. tranquil- lity of mind. — 8§gp° cupido " not found in C. or Cces. ; common in the poets and historians; esply T. Sail.; twice in Q." — Freund). — appetitio (the act of endeavour- ing to obtain). — appetitus (the state of endeavouring to obtain). — appetentia (the desire itself, wch seeks to ob- tain something). — All with gen. of the object, cs rei. — libido (the intemperate longing after athg ; pi. libidines, desires =« ' lusts,' with ref. to want of self-government). — studium (the d. that leads to the zealous pursuit of athg). An insatiable d., insatiabilis (quaedam) cupi- ditas (e. g. veri videndi; cognoscendi, C): a marvel- lous d., mirabilis (Np.), mira (T.) cupiditas : an immo- derate d., immodica cupido (L.): blinded by d., cupi- dine caecus (Lucr.). I feel an intense d. for athg, mag- num me tenet desiderium cs rei (C). A natural d., desiderium naturale (e.#. cibi, potionis ; opp. voluptas): unless they were blinded by d., nisiipsos ca?cos redderet cupiditas (C). — To be inflamed, filled, fyc. with d. of athg, cs rei desiderio incendi; (magno) cs rei desiderio teneri ; qd appetere, concupiscere, desiderare : to be tormented with the d. of athg, cs rei desiderio fiagrare, aestuare, excruciari, confici (C.) ; summa cs rei cupi- ditate affectum esse. I feel an intense d. to know, hear, fyc. (valde) aveo scire, audire, &c. ; libido est scire (Plant): to be stirred with d., desiderio moveri: to inspire aby with a d. of athg, dare or injicere ci cupiditatem rei ; impellere qm in rei cupiditatem [ISjS^T inspirare cupiditatem ci or qm cupiditate would be barbarous] ; of doing athg, qm faciendi qd cupidi- tate incitare : to inflame aby's d. of athg, incendere cs cupiditatem cs rei: an intense and passionate d. is weakened, abates, fyc, acerrima ilia ac fortissima cupi- ditas imminuta ac debilitata est : to satisfy a d., desi- derium explere (L.) : the d. of wealth, amor, cupiditas habendi [gjgP not desiderium habendi], — || Thing desired; wish, quae quis optat or vult (e. g. facere, to perform them) : to satisfy aby's d.'s, quae quis optat or vult, facere ; cs voluntati satisfacere or obsequi ; qm voti compotem facere : to obtain one's d.'s, opta- turn impetro (a qo) ; adipiscor, quod optaveram, or concupiveram : my d.'s have been satisfied, quae volui, mihi obtigerunt : my heart's d. is satisfied, quod rnaxime cupio, mini contingit. More under Wish ; vid. DESIRE, v. appetere (endeavour to obtain). — cupere. concupiscere. cupere. avidum esse cs rei (to d. vehe- mently and passionately ; the last = to d. greedily). — velle (to wish and co-operate towards the realization of one's wish). — desiderare (to be dissatisfied because one dues not possess the object desired). — optare (to wish; leaving the realization of the wish to others or to fate). — expetere (to long for a distant object, and apply to others for the realization of one's wish). — avere (with following inf.: to feel an impatient d., esply to hear or learn something ; often with valde). — gestire, with fol- lowing inf. (to manifest a lively d. by gestures): to d. eagerly, ardenter cupere qd. — cupiditate cs rei ardere, fiagrare ; desiderio cs rei magno teneri ; sitire qd ; sitienter expetere qd : not to d. athg any longer, qa re carere posse. Every thing is going on exactly as I could d., cuncta mihi procedunt; nihil mihi accidit, quod nolim ; fortuna in omnibus rebus respondet optatis meis : just as I, he, fyc. could d., ut volo, volumus, &c. ex sententia ; ex optato ; ad (cs) voluntatem : athg is going on just as I could d., qd ex sententia succedit or procedit; qd optabilem exitum habet: hitherto all has been exactly as I could have desired, nihil adhuc mihi prae- ter voluntatem accidit. — 1| To express one's desire, velle qm, or ut (to wish to have somebody or something). petere. poscere. postulare [Syn. in Ask]. — contendere a qo, ut, &c. : to d. athg of aby, postulare [gg|T not desiderare] qd a qo. What do you d. me to do ? quid est, quod me velis? quid vis faciam? to d. the grace of pardon (Shakexp.), veniam a qo petere (for any fault, cs delicti). DES DESIROUS, appetens. — cupidus.— studiosus.— avi- dus. All with gen. (In post- Aug. historians, avid, also with in) : to be d. of doing athg, ardet animus ad qd faciendum (e.g. of revenging, ad ulciscendum) — avere. gestire (with inf. Syn. in Desire, v.) : to make aby d., ci cupiditatem dare or (stronger) injicere ; qm in cupiditatem impellere ; qm cupiditate incendere ; qm faciendi qd (e. g. imitandi) cupiditate incitare (C.) : to become d., in cs rei cupiditatem incYdere ; injicitur mini cs rei cupiditas : to become very d., ingens cs rei cupido me incendit; maxima cs rei cupido or libido me invadit. DESIST FROM, desistere re, a re, de re, or with inf. or aft. neg. with quin. — absistere qa. re, or a qa re (not in C, but in Cces. L., fyc): to d. fm an under- taking, desistere incepto. absistere incepto (L.): fm a purpose, desistere consilio (Cces.); fm an attempt, de- sistere conatu (Cces.) ; fm investing a town, fm fighting, absistere obsidione, pugna; fm the assault (of a town), desistere oppugnatione (Cces.), ab oppugnatione (S.); fm asking, exhorting, fyc, desistere rogare, hortari, &c. ; fm building, abjicefe aediricationem; deponere asdifica- tionem (C): to d. fm war, recedere ab armis : nor, if she is still alive, will I ever d. fm looking for her till I find her, neque, si vivit, earn vivam umquam quin inveniam, desistam (Plant.). DESK, *mensa scriptoria (writing-d.). \\ Reading- desk (in a church), prps pulpitum (Georges ; who gives *suggestus sacer. "suggestum sacrum for 'pulpit'). DESOLATE, adj. vastus (without human habita- tions; opp. coaedificatus, Georges; uncultivated, opp. cultus ; DM.). — desertus (deserted by men ; opp. cele- ber, Georges ; to habitatus, Sod.). — incultus (opp. cultus) — Jn. vastus ac desertus ; desertus vastusque ; incultus et desertus ; incultus et derelictus. D. places, solitudo (without blame). — loca deserta. — tesqua (in wch an awful silence reigns ; D'od. t H.) : to make d., vastare, devastare; ci loco vastitatem inferre: to make a land d., vastas solitudines facere ex terra ; vastitatem reddere in terra; tectis atque agris vasti- tatem inferre. — 1| Of persons; hopeless, fyc, spe destitutus. — orbus. — orbus auxilii (Plaut.).— afflictus. mcestus, &c. — desolatus (Plin. T. and Poet.); also with abl. (deserta desolataque reliquis subsidiis aula, Suet.). DESOLATE, v. See Lay waste. DESOLATENESS. See Desolation. DESOLATION, \\ Act of laying waste, %c, vas- tatio. — populatio. depopulatio (plundering; e. g. agro- rum, aedium sacrarum). — eversio. excidium (overthrow of a town, fyc). — 1[ State of being desolate, vasti- tas. — 1| Desolate place, locus desertus. locus vastus et desertus ; solitudo vasta or avia ; omnis humani cultus solitudo (Curt. 7, 3, 12). — 1| State of being bereaved, afflicted, fyc, orbitas (state of being bereaved; also fig. e.g. casum et orbitatem senatus, C). — viduitas (state of being widowed).— solitudo (loneli- ness). — Jn. viduitas ac solitudo (e. g. qui jamdiu Cae- senniae viduitate ac solitudine aleretur, C. Ccec. 5, 13). ■ — viduitas omnium copiarum atque opum (Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 2). DESPAIR, s. desperatio ( = ' aegritudo sine ulla rerum exspectatione meliorum,' C): to reduce aby tod., qm ad desperationem adducere or redigere (the latter, Suet.) : to be reduced to d., ad (summam) desperatio- nem pervenire (Cces.) ; ad desperationem adduci ; omni spe orbatus sum; nulla spes in me reliqua est : when I was in the depths of d., quum magna desperatione affectus essem (C): to be in d., in desperatione esse (Front. Strut. 3, 17, 7): to derive courage fm d., a desperatione ira accendit qm (L. 31, 17); extrema desperatione in iram stimulari (T.) : a state of utter d.\ omnium rerum desperatio. From or in d., ad despe- rationem adductus. The extremity of d. ; utter or ab- solute d., summa, maxima [ (ggf not extrema] despera- tio ; extrema spes (e. g. in extrema spe, Cces. B. G. 2, 27). DESPAIR, v. desperare.— saluti or sibi desperare (of one's own safety). — omnem spem abjicere. animum despondere: to d. of athg, desperare de qa re, or qd, or ci rei ; or with ace. and inf. (v. Herz. Cces. B. G. 3, 12). — IJUT // to d. is followed by the particp. sub- stantive, desperare will be followed by infin. — to d. of being able, fyc, despero me posse, &c. : it is dis- graceful to d. of accomplishing athg that is possible, turpiter desperatur, quicquid effici potest (Q.) : to d. of ever seeing athg again, qd se visurum postea de- sperare : to d. of a sick person's recovery, aegrum depo- nere ; aegrum or aegroti salutem desperare ; all the physicians d. of his recovery, or of him, omnes medici diffidunt: my recovery is despaired of, desperor: his (234) DES recovery is despaired of, a medicis desertus est: athg is despaired of, desperatur qd : to d. of peace, one's life, desperare pacem, vitam ; of the state, de republics (C.) ; rempublicam (Lentul. ap. C.) ; of one's safety, saluti suae desperare (C. Cluent. 25, 69); de salute desp. (Cces.) : we must d. of his safety, sal us ejus desperanda est. DESPAIRFUL, desperans. exspes (desp. denotes the painful feeling ; exspes, the hopeless stafe of despair). — spe carens or orbatus ; spe dejectus (of a person who has ceased to hope).— ad desperationem adductus or (Suet.) redactus. — magna desperatione affectus. DESPAIRING, v. Despairful. DESPAIRINGLY, desperanter (e. g. cum qo loqui, C); or Crcl. by && desperationem adductus [(§g|p° de- sperate, very late; Augustin]. DESPATCH, || Send off, mittere (send; e. g. an ambassador, legatum, literas, &c). — dimittere (several in different directions ; v. pr. of sending off letters, scouts, fyc). — (1) if the messengers are to go fm person to person, or fm place to place, per or circum or (L.) circa are used ; (2) if to a person or nation, ad qm ; (3) if to a district, in with ace. or ad before the name of a tribe, fyc. ; (4) in every direction, in omnes partes or quoquoversus. — e.g. dimit. nuncios, literas, &c. circum amicos ; circum provincias exercitusque; per omnes provincias ; ad Centrones ; in finitimas civitates ; in earn partem Italiae ; in omnes partes ; quoquoversus (Cces. B. G. 3, 23, 2).— absolvere (to finish a thing ; or let a person go whom one has long detained; Plaut.). — legare. allegare (to d. for the execution of a delegated office ; e. g. homines nobiles allegat iis, qui peterent, &c, C. ; allegarem te ad illos, qui, &c): to d. a letter to aby, mittere or dare literas ad qm (dimittere, if to several in different places). — 1| To finish, execute, %c. See Execute. — To exhort aby to d. a business, hortari qm ad qd perficiendum : to like to d. a busi- ness quickly, consultis facta conjungere. — To d. a busi- ness, expedire negotium. — conficere or transigere nego- tium. — profligare negotium (Lentul. ap. C. — L. ; im- plying labour and exertion) : to d. athg between them- selves, inter se transigere qd : the thing may be despatched in a few words, res paucis verbis transigi potest. — || Kill; vid. DESPATCH, || Act of sending off, dimissio (e. g. nuntii, of a messenger). — missio (e. g. literarum, legatorum, both C); or by Crcl. Give me myd.,me absolvito (Plaut.). — 1| The execution, fyc. of busi- ness, exsecutio (post-Aug. negotii, T. ; institutioperis, Plin.). — effectio (only in Cs philos. writings). — perac- tio (C. Cat. Maj. 23, extr.). To prevent the d. of a business, ne res conficiatur, obsistere : about the d. of what remains to be done, de reliquis rebus maturandis et agendis (C). || Haste, speed [vid.], celeritas festinatioque. — maturatio (Auct. ad Herenn.). — There is need of d., properato or maturato opus est : the ut- most possible d., quanta maxima adhiberi potest festi- natio. || Despatches, literae. — literae publice missse (fm a public officer). DESPERADO, homo stolide ferox, or stolidus ferox- que. — homo promptae or summne audaciae. DESPERATE, desperatus (of persons and things). — exspes. spe carens or orbatus. spe dejectus (hopeless; of persons who have ceased to hope). — discriminis plenus (very critical; of things ; $g§T aleae plenus is poet.). — *ad desperationem adductus. magna desperatione affectus (of persons). A d. state of affairs, res despe- ratae or perditae ; res perditae et desperatee. desperatio rerum omnium. — Sis extremae res (suae, &c); extre- ma, pi. In their d. condition, in extremis rebus suis : our state is now almost d., res jam ad extremum per- ducta casum (Cces. ; so ad extremum casum periculi — deductus, B. Alex. 7) : how often have our affairs seemed almost d. ? quoties ad extrema periculorum ventum? (L. 7, 29, init.) \\ Filled with courage fm despair, desperatione ira accensus (aft. L. 31, 17); extrema desperatione ad iram stimulatus (aft. T. Hist. 2, 44, extr.). || Desperate = very dangerous (of un- dertakings, %c), periculosus; discriminis plenus ; tenie- rarius ( |ggp" not desperatus). DESPERATELY, desperanter (without hope). — || With verbs and adjectives, it expresses the intensity of the action or quality, and may be variously translated : improbe ; sceleste ; male ; summe ; suinmopere ; maxime ; valde ; vehementer ; acriter ; pertinaciter. — To defend oneself d., *pertinacissime, or acerrime repugnare. resistere : to fall d. in love, perdite or misereamare: to try d., perdite conari (Q.): omnibus viribus contendere et laborare ; omni ope atque opera eniti (ut, &c): to be d. angry, gravissinia ira flagrare. DES It may often be translated by the superlat. : d. foolish, stolidissimus. DESPERATION, vid. Despair, s. DESPICABLE, see Contemptible. DESPISE, v. despicere. despicatui habere (to look down upon; not to value: opp. suspicere, revereri, ad- mirari). — contemnere. contemptui habere (to d. what one might be expected to fear; opp. metuere, timere; e.g. mortem, pericula; but also auctoritates, consilium, See.). — spernere (to d. or hold cheap what one might be expected to desire; to reject ivith scorn; opp. appe- tere, concupiscere ; but also of holding a person cheap). — aspernari (to reject with aversion; to utter the feeling implied in spernere). — Jn. contemnere ac de- spicere ; despicere et contemnere ; contemnere et pro nibilo ducere ; despicere et pro nihilo putare ; sper- nere et pro nihilo putare ; spernere et repudiare. — fastidire (to feel disgust agst athg ; to reject it fm pride, 8fc). — negligere (to disregard). — Jn. contemnere ac negligere. — $#jjT temnere is poetical for contemnere ; despicari, late and rare. — Nobody d.'s himself, nemo umquam suidespiciensfuit : the consciousness of having despised the gods, spretorum deorum conscientia : to d. glory, gloriam repudiare or spernere ; aby's favour, gratiam cs repudiare. DESPISER, contemptor.— spretor; or Crcl. DESPITE, || Malice, hatred, (vid.) malitia. — fraus et malitia. — improbitas perversitasque. — cs odium. — 1| Spite; in spite of; vid. Spite. DESPITE, v. See To Vex, To Offend. DESPITEFUL, malitiosus. DESPITEFULL'Y, malitiose. malitiosius. DESPITEFULNESS, malitia.— odium. DESPOIL, spoliare qm or qd; and qm or qd qa re. — Jn. spoliare atque orbare ; spoliare atque denu- dare. — spoliare qm qa re et depeculari (of money, argento).— despoliare. exspoliare (strengthen the mean- ing of spoliare ; wch is to deprive a person or thing of what serves for use or ornament). — detrahere spoliare- que qd. — privare qm qa re. — adimere or eripere ci qd. — diripere (to plunder men, towns, <§-c). — expilare. compilare (to strip temples, fyc. ; rob treasuries, 8;c. : the latter also qd qa re). — nudare, denudare, exuere qm re. — orbare qm re. — multare qm re. — Syn. in Deprive. DESPOILER, spoliator (C. L.).— expilator (C.).— direptor (C). — populator. — praedator. DESPOLIATION, spoliatio. — direptio. — expilatio. orbatio.— privatio [Syn. of verbs in Deprive]. — Jn. expilatio direptioque. DESPOND, animum abjicere or demittere or sub- mittere ; animo cadere (C). — animo concTdere (L.) ; and (oft. in Plaut.) animum despondere (so L.) and despondere only (Col. ; to allow one's spirits, courage, fyc. to fail). — spem abjicere, projicere, or deponere (to cast away all hope). — See To Despair. — To cause aby to d., animum cs frangere, infringere (C); percellere qm. DESPONDENCY, animus demissus, jacens or ab-- jectus ; animi defectio or abjectio (depression of spirits, Sfc). — desperado (despair) ; to feel d., animum de- misisse ; animo demisso esse; animo cecidisse; nullam spem habere : to give way to d., animo demitti. DESPONDENT, demissus. — qui animo demisso, abjecto, or dejecto est. — exspes. — spe orbatus. — spe carens. — spe dejectus. DESPONDINGLY, animo demisso or abjecto. — timide. — sine spe. — desperanter. DESPOT, princeps or rex, cs arbitrium pro legibus est, or cujus libido pro legibus habetur (a sovereign whose will is law; aft. Just. 1,1,2; 2, 7, 3). — tyrannus or, pure Lat., dominus (a usurper who has obtained absolute power in a free state). — rex importunus (opp. rex clemens). DESPOTIC, imperiosus, agst aby, ci {imperious ; hence, tyrannical). — superbus (arrogant ; hence, as epi- thet, 'the proud' in Tarq. superbus). — Jn. imperiosus et superbus. — impBtens, agst aby, ci (who cannot restrain his passions, fyc. ; hence, who cannot restrain himself in a past of command ; also of things that imply and pro- ceed fm such a temper ; imperious, d.). — importunus (harsh, unbending, fyc. in his conduct towards others) ; crudelis or sagvus in qm (e. g. tyrannus saevissimus et violentissimus in suos, L. 34, 32). A d. temper, super- bia: a d. government, dominatio impotens or superba, or crudelis superbaque (cf. C. Phil. 3, 14, 34).— tyrannis or pure Lat. dominatio (sovereignty introduced agst the will of a people ; and, therefore, a usurped government, a tyranny, or despotism). . DESPOTICALLY, superbe. crudeliter. To act d., (235) DES crudeliter ac regie agere: to behave or act very d., cru- delissime se gerere : to govern d., crudelem superbam • que dominationem exercere (aft. C. Phil. 3, 14, 34). DESPOTISM, superbia. impotentia (as temper ; Syn. of adj. in Despotic). — dominatio impotens or superba; or crudelis superbaque. — A d., civitas, in qua libido principis pro legibus habetur (aft. Just. 2, 7, 3), or in qua arbitrium regis pro legibus est (aft. Just. 1, 1, 2). DESPUMATION, despumatio (late; Teriull.).— Crcl. DESPUME, despumare. DESSERT, mensa secunda.— bellaria (e. g. sweet- meats, fruits, sweet vines, fyc. Tpa-yi] par a or rpoiyaKta ; cf. Gel/. 13, 11, extr.) : to set on the d., mensam secun- dam apponere. DESTINATION, destinatio (L. ; prps not prce-Aug. ; a purpose, determination, decision). — lex, qua nati sumus ; fatum, quo nati sumus (the purpose we are born to serve, $c). — finis (the end athg is to serve). — sors. provincia (the sphere of action assigned to aby). — It is our d. to, fyc, ea lege (hoc fato orita) nati sumus, ut, &c. ; ita a natura generati sumus, ut, &c. ; hoc nobis propositum est, ut, &e. Nature hath assigned us a higher d., natura nos ad majora genuit et conforma- vit; ad altiora quaedam et magnificentiora nati sumus : man is born to a glorious d., homo preeclara quadam con- ditione generatus est a summo Deo : not to be fitted for its d., non aptum esse ad exsequendum munus suum : not to accomplish its d., deesse officio suo etmuneri: what the d. of man is, cujus muneris colendi efficiendi- que causa nati atque in lucem editi simus (C). — . II Place to wch aby or athg is to go, *locus ci destinatus; locus, quo tendit.— *locus, quo proficisci jussus sum (to wch 1 am ordered to go). — sedes futura (my future residence). DESTINE, destinare (in nearly all the meanings of the Engl, verb ; e. g. qm ci rei or ad qd, sts in qd fdest. qm foro, Q. ; domos publicis usibus, Veil. ; qm ad mortem, Suet, diem necis ci, C] ; also = to intend, purpose; esply in L. with animis [e. g. quee agere des- tinaverat, Cces. ; also in pass, sibi destinatum in animo esse qd facere, L.~\ ; hora mortis destinata, C). — designare ad qd (to mark out for a purpose). — sepo- nere ci or ad qd (to set it aside for a purpose ; e. g. money, pecuniam in aedificationem templi seponere, L. ; quod ex istis rebus receptum est, ad illud fanum [sc. ornandum] seponere, C). — praefinire. praestituere (to fix beforehand ; e. g. prasstit. diem operi faciundo, C). To be destined ( = doomed) to athg, ci rei or ad rem natum esse (to be born to it). — fato fieri qd (to become or to be doomed to it, by a decree of fate) : we are destined to, ea lege generati sumus, ut, &c. — (See To Doom.) DESTINED, destinatus (both of the thing to wch athg is destined; and of the person or thing destined to a purpose). — constitutus. — finitus. praefinitus. praesti- tutus. — Syn. of verbs in Destine. The d. hour of death, hora mortis destinata. DESTINY, see Fate. H The Destinies ; see the Fates. DESTITUTE, || With the object expressed, destitutus qa re (less commonly a qa re; e. g. amicis ; praeceptis ; scientia juris ; but spe [Curt.] or a spe [i.] ; a re familiari). — derelictus qa re (e. g. non modo for- tuna, verum etiam spe). — nudus. nudatus. — privatus; spoliatus qa re : to be d. of troops, nudum esse ab ex- ercitu (of a country) : to be d. of every thing, omnibus rebus nudatum esse ; omnium rerum esse inopem. — || Absol.) inops, also with auxilii (who has no power to help himself). — auxilio orbatus or destitutus.— omnium rerum inops. omnibus rebus orbatus (utterly d.). — om- nibus fortunis spoliatus (C). — egenus omnium (L.; rare, not pra?-Aug.). — egens. egentissimus. mendicus (miserably poor) : to be d. ( = miserably poor), in summa egestate or mendicitate esse ; in summa men- dicitate vivere ; vitam in mendicitate degere: aby is utterly d., nihil qo egentius: a d. condition, inopia. DESTITUTION, inopia (want of resources).— eges- tas. mendicitas (extreme poverty; beggary). — solitudo (the stale of being left alone ; also solitudo cs rei). — Jn. solitudo atque inopia; viduitas ac solitudo. To be reduced to d., *ad mendicitatem redigi; ad pudendam paupertatem delabi: to reduce a man to d., qm omni- bus bonis* evertere ; ad rerum omnium inopiam redi- gere. — Jgj^JT destitutio (rare; C.) is the 'leaving in the lurch,' ' desertion.' DESTROY, perdere (to d., to ruin).— destruere (to d. an artificial structure; also cs fortunam : tyrannidem). — demoliri (to d. a firm, solid struc DES ttire, tectum; partem muri). — Jn. destruere et de- moliri. — disjicere (to d. by violent separation of its parts; e. g. arcem, mcenia, munitiones). — dissipare (nearly = disjic. esply in C, who does not use disj. ; statuam, C. ; turres, Vitr. ; rem familiarem, C; reli- quias reipublieae, C). — disturbare (to separate violently and so disarrange the parts, %c. ; e. g. tecta, opera, por- ticum). — Jn. disturbare et dissipare (C). — diruere (e.g. tecta, muros, urbem, monumentum). — evertere (to overthrow; throw down ; propr. urbem, statuam; im- propr. rempublicam, virtutem, amicitiam). — excidere (to d. by cutting or hewing ; not necessarily implying total destruction, urbem, vicos, agrum, exercitum). — Jn. excidere et evertere. — exscindere (to d. utterly; esply of cities, urbes, Numantiam, C. Mil. 33, 90 ; 6 Rep. 11; Plane. 41, 97; 4 Phil. 5, 13. Scheller and even Freund maintain, erroneously, that it is poet, and post- Class. : see Krebs). — vastare locum, vastitatem inferre loco (to lay waste, urbem, urbi). — pervertere (to quite overthrow, spem, consilia; domum, tecta, arbusta, de- fensionem; also qm; all C). — concidere (to cut to pieces; e.g. hostes, also to d. utterly, naves, L. ; auc- toritatem Senatus; qm). — tollere (remove out of the way). — rescindere. interscindere. dissolvere. inteirum- pere (all, e. y. a bridge, pontem). — delere (d. utterly ; blot out, urbem, omnia, haec, sepulcrum, aedificium, religionem). — exstinguere (to put out a light; fig. to deprive of its power and existence ; e. g. potentiam, spem, vitas societatem, cs salutem).— Jn. exstinguere et (funditus) delere. perimere et delere. — conficere (to put an end to athg), — subvertere (subvert, imperium ; leges et libertatem) — consumere (e. g. aedes incendio. exercitum fame ; opes, fortunas, &c. ; by athg, qa re ; e. g. ferro, flamma). To d. utterly, funditus destruere; a or e fundamentis disjicere; funditus (propr.) ever- tere (propr.); ab stirpe exstinguere ; stirpitus or radi- citus extrahere; tollere atque extrahere radicitus (to root up, impropr. e. g. desires) ; exstinguere et fundi- tus delere ; perimere et delere omnino (annihilate). — perimere. interficere (to d. life = kill) : to d. ( = kill) a whole body, ad internecionem delere, redigere, addu- cere, caedere ; occidione caedere or occldere (esply with the sword; enemies): the intention of destroying, %c, consilium evertere, tollere, &c. (so Np. consilium Lysander iniit reges tollere) : fir.e d.'s every thing, ignis cuncta disturbat et dissipat : there is nothing that time does not d., nihil est, quod non conficiat vetustas : to d. all aby's plans, ci conturbare omnes rationes or omnia consilia pervertere : to d. plans, consilia dis- jicere, frangere and (Fell.) corrumpere : to d. hope, spem exstinguere (C); spes corrumpere: it is a sad thing to see all one's last hope destroyed, miserum est nee habere ne spei quidem extremum. The Nervii, when they saw this hope destroyed, Nervii hac spe lapsi or dejecti, de hac spe depulsi, ab hac spe repulsi, &c. To be utterly destroyed, interire.— funditus or ab stirpe interire. — concYdere (e. g. auctoritas senatus ; fides publica, public credit, fyc). — exscindi (of towns). — deleri, &c. — consumi totumque deleri. — ad interne- cionem venire ; ad internecionem perire (to be utterly cut off; per. by a pestilence, 8(c) : the soul and all sen- sation is destroyed by death, animi hominum sensusque morte restinguuntur (C). || To d. oneself, mortem or necem sibi consciscere ; manus sibi inferre. — 1^^° Interficere se is not wrong ; Sulpic. ap. C. Ep. se ipsum interfecisse ; and C. 3 Orat. 3, 10, Crassum suapte manu interfectum; L. 31, 18, 7, seque ipsi interfi- ciunt. — See to commit Suicide. DESTROYER, eversor cs rei (overthrower ; e. g. urbis, imperii). — exstinctor cs rei (e. g. conjurationis). — perditor (one who ruins athg; e. g. reipublieae). — corruptor. corruptela (in a moral sense).— pestis, per- nicies (the bane of athg ; its ruin). — confector. consump- tor (consump. rare; C. e. g. ignis omnium confector et consumptor, also conf. ferarum, Suet.). — subversor (e. g. legum ; opp. auctor, T.). — vastator. populator (who lays a country waste) ; Jn. populator eversorque. — interfector, and (only once; Plant.) occisor cs. per- cussor cs (the person who slays another; jggp" peremp- tor, interemptor, late).— Jggp° destructor very late. — To be the d. of aby, exitio esse ci (his ruin). DESTRUCTIBILITY, fragilitas (C.).— corruptibili- tas (very late; substantias humanae, Tertull.). — Crcl. DESTRUCTIBLE, destructibilis, corruptibilis (Eccl. Lactant.). — destructilis (Prud.). — fragilis. — but mly Crcl. DESTRUCTION, eversio (the overthrowing, rei pub- licae, urbis, &c, rei familiaris, &c). — exstinctio (the extinguishing ; and fig. the destroying the existence of athg that had life and energy).— excisio (Auct. Or. pro j (236) DET dom. Harusp. Respons.).— excidium (L.; not Cess, or C— urbis, gentis, &c). — disturbatio (e.g. Corinthi, C. ; once only).~- dissipatio, intcritus and (rare, but Class.) interitio. — Jn. interitus et dissipatio.— consumptio (act of consuming, #c, C, rare). — conjectio (e. g. valetudi- nis; e&carum). — ruina (the falling down; e. g. com- munis ruina ; also in pi. ruina? fortunarum tuarum). — exitium (ruin). — dissolutio (the breaking up a com- pacted whole; e.g. naturae, stomachi, legum). — in- teremptio (slaying, dealh ; C. rare). — destructio (post- Class, murorum, Suet.). — vastatio. — populatio. depo- pulate (the laying waste, plundering, fyc). Before the d. of Troy, Troja incolumi : to be the d. of athg, perniciei esse ; exitio esse ci : to cause the d. of aby, qm perdere or pessum dare ; qm ad interitum vocare : to rush to d., ad interitum ruere; in perniciem incurrere: to seek the d. of aby, interitum cs quaerere ; perniciem ci moliri: to save aby fm d., qm ab interitu vindicare or retrahere ; qm ab exitio ad salutem revocare; qm a morte eripere (fm death) : to save the state fm d , rem- publicam ab occasu restituere ; to caused. ( = a severe blow or loss), cladem afferre or inferre. — strages facere (C); edere (L. ; to cut down foes). A wide-spread d. overtakes the state, magna clades atque calamitas oppri- mit rempublicam. || Destruction = destroyer (abstract, pro concreto), pernicies. pestis. corruptela. corruptor.— exitium. To be the d. of aby, perniciei esse; exitio esse ci. — See Destroyer. || If destruc- tion = Death, vid. DESTRUCTIVE, perniciosus. exitiosus. exitialis. exitiabilis. — funestus.— damnosus ; to aby, ci. — Syn. in Hurtful. — |gHT destructivus very late; Ccel.Aur. Tardit. DESTRUCTIVELY, perniciose. — pestifere. — fu- neste. DESTRUCTIVENESS, vis nocendi (T. Ann. 15, 34 ; Just. 6, 8, 2).— |gg|r perniciositas not Lat. — natura rei perniciosa, exitiosa, pestifera. — Oft. Crcl. with nocere. Who does not see the d. of this? quis non videt hanc rem nocere 1 or *quis est quin videat, quam perniciosa sit res (e. g. vinolentia) 1 DESUETUDE, desuetudo (L. ; cs rei ; absol, O. Julian. Dig.). To fall into d., obsolescere. exolescere (iSHTin desuetudinem venire, only in Dig.). What has been lost by d., obsoletus, exoletus, with or without vetustate. — oblivione obsoletus (C). DESULTORILY, leviter. — negligenter. — parum diligenter (carelessly).— quasi praeteriens (C, just in passing, as it were) : to study d., studia leviter attingere (Suet.). — primoribus, ut dicitur, labris gustare literas (aft.C): toreadd., libroscursimtransire(G*.). —dedere se (totum) ci (C.).— addicere se ci (c. g. sena- DEV tui, C.).— dicare se ci (C.).— applicare so ad amicitiam cs (C.) or ad qm (Varr.). — totum se ci tradere. — /3) To a pursuit, fyc, se dare, dedere or tradere ci rei. — studere ci rei. cs rei studiosum esse, dedere se studio cs rei (e. g. eloquentiae, citharae). — operam dare or navare ( (g^p in silv. age also studium dare) ci rei. — operam ponere, studium collocare in re ; operam con- ferre in qd; adhibere studium ad qd or curam et dili- gentiam in re (to apply pains, endeavour, diligence to athg). — colere qd, incumbere ad qd or in qd ((^p^ci rei is unclassical ; to pursue athg diligently); inser- vire ci rei (to make oneself the slave of athg) ; elaborare in re (to use great exertions to produce something) ; agere, also sequi qd (to give oneself up especially to athg); se conferre ad qd or ad studium cs rei; se ap- plicare ad qd or ad studium quoddam (to turn one's careful attention to a thing ; to begin to pursue it at- tentively). — [S|§p" Vacare rei, in this sense, is not Lat.] to d. oneself no longer to a thing, omittere studium cs rei (e. g. sapientiae) : to devote oneself entirely to athg, totum se conferre ad studium cs rei ; totum et mente et animo in qd insistere ; ponere totum ani- mum et diligentiam in re; omni cogitatione et cura in qd incumbere ; omni studio eniti ad qd (e. g. ad dicendum): to d. oneself to one thing only, in una re quasi tabernaculum suae vitse collocare (C. de Or, 3, 20, 78) : to d. oneself entirely to the inves- tigation of one subject, totum se in qa re exqui- renda collocare : to d. onself to literature, Uteris studere; literarum or doctrinarum esse studiosum; literarum studio se dedere or tradere ; elaborare in literis ; ad literarum studium or ad doctrinje studia se conferre ; ad literas incumbere ( imp" On the contrary, studiis vacare, —not to pursue the sciences; see C. de Or. 3, 11, 43) : to d. oneself to philosophy, ad studium philosophise se conferre (^O» the con- trary, philosophise vacare, = to have leisure to pur- sue philosophy ; C. de Divin. 1, 6, 11): to d. oneself to an art, arti se dedere ; artem amplecti : to d. oneself entirely to music, penitus se dedere musicis : to d. one- self to virtue, virtutem sequi or amplexari : to d. one- selfto pleasure, voluptatibus se tradere or se dedere. — jjgj»^" Devovere se ci rei is found occasionally ; c. g. de- vovere se amicitiae cs, C. ; se gloriae, Curt.; but must be used carefully. — 7) To sacrifice oneself to any cause, fyc. ; to d. oneself to death, se offerre ad mortem, se devovere (to the infernal gods); for aby, pro qo ; for one's country, vitam suam totam patriae dedere ; victimam se praebere reipublicae ; pro salute patriae caput suum vovere : to d. myself and all that I possess to the cause of my country, se suasque fortunas pro incolumitate patriae devovere ; se suamque vitam reipublicae condonare. — See To Sacrifice oneself. DEVOTED, deditus ci or ci rei. — studiosus cs or cs rei (to feel a strong liking for). — addictus ci or ci rei. — Jn. addictus et deditus. ci rei quasi addictus et con- secratus. — devotus ci or ci rei (post-Aug.). — obnoxius (subject to another's will under some penalty or strong obligation ; hence, of subjects, dependents, fyc, but also uxori, Ter.). — Jn. obnoxius fidusque. obnoxius atque subjectus. To be d. to aby, totum esse cs ; cs esse proprium (C. ad Div. 7, 30, 2); studiosissimum esse cs ; eximia caritate diligere qm (Curt.) ; — obnoxium atque subjectum esse ci (L. 7, 30 ; of a dependent power). To make aby d. to oneself, qm totum facere suum ; ob- noxium fidumque sibi facere (S. ; not in Cces. or C, in this sense). To be d. to pleasure, voluptatibus deditum esse ; voluptatibus servire ; aetatem in voluptatibus collocare ; libidinibus se servum praebere. Pompey's d. followers, Pompeii veteres fidique clientes : a d. wife, fidissima atque optima uxor : to be d. to hunting, multum esse in venationibus : d. to aby's party, cs factioni addictus et deditus (Suet.). Aby's most d. ser- vant, fyc., observantissimus or studiosissimus cs. — g§Sgr Devotissimus in Suet, and Inscriplt. — D. attach' ment ; see under Devotion. DEVOTEDLY, studiose. — studio suramo or maximo or ardentiore : d. attached to aby, studiosissimus or stu- diossimus cupidissimusque cs or cs rei ; summe stu- diosus cs or cs rei. A d. attached wife, fidissima atque optima uxor : a d. attached friend, benevolentissimus atque amicissimus (C). DEVOTEDNESS, see Devotion = devoted at- tachment. DEVOTION, || Act of devoting, devotio (act of sacrificing oneself for one's country, fyc. ; also solemn form of curse, bann, fyc). — dedicatio (act of consecrat- ing. — imp" Not dicatio = [fm context] ' the act, dicandi se in aliam civitatem ;' — sacratio, late; Macrob.).— sepo- sitio (act of setting apart, late; Ulp.). — \\ State of (240) DEX being devoted to; devoted attachment to, stu- dium (zeal, predilection for an object, = 'animi assi- dua et vehemens ad qam rem applicata magna cum voluptate occupatio, ut philosopbiae,' &c, C. Invent. ] 25, 36) : to athg, cs rei ; also with gerund in di ; dis cendi, &c. — obsequium (compliance ; obsequiousness to the will of any one). — observantia (devotedness accom- panied with esteem). — voluntas, benevolentia (good will). — fidus in qm animus (fidelity). — pietas (dulifu affection). — singularis in qm fides atque animus (de- voted fidelity and attachment ; C). — incredibilis quidam amor (to a person). — omnia in qm sumrna ac singularia studia (C): to prove one's d. to any one, *probare ci voluntatem suam : he assured him of his entire d., se proprium ejus fore confirmavit : he perceived his par- ticular d. to himself, egregiam in se voluntatem per- spexit : the d. of the legions, prompta studia legio- num. — 1| Devoutness, attentarerum divinarum cogi- tatio, contemplatio (a directing of the mind to a religious object). — pietas erga Deum. — sanctitas. — Jn. pietas et sanctitas : with d., pie (with the fear of God): without d., negligenter, frigide : to fill the hearers with d., au- dientium animos religione perfundere. — 1| Devotions, preces. — meditationes piae. — meditationes pietatis augendae or alendae causa, institutae : to disturb any one's d.'s, pias cs meditationes turbare, interpellare. — See Prayers. DEVOTIONAL, pius. Dei studiosus.— *rebus sacris intentus. — *pietatis studio deditus. D. exercises, ♦me- ditationes piae. *meditationes pietatis augendae or alendae causa institutae : to perform one's d. exercises ; prps ab externis rebus animum ad res divinas avocare ; *cogitationes ad res divinas intendere. DEVOUR, vorare. devorare (used also fig. = to read or learn with avidity). — haurire (to suck down, swallow up whole ; e. g. of serpents ; also fig. of swallowing tip property, opes). — absorbere (to suck up, suck hi; also fig. of swallowing greedily ; e. g. orationem meam). — absumere. consumere (of diseases; also of fire). — con- ficere (of disease ; also of grief , longing, fyc.). — Jn. con- ficere et consumere. — comedere (to eat all up; and im- propr. to waste properly, #c). The fire d.'s, #c.,incen- dium absumit (domos); haurit (aggerem) : to be de- voured by the /lames, incendio consumi ; flammis ab- sumi : to be devoured by grief, aegritudo exest cs ani- mum. To d. another's property (as in 'to d. widows' houses' ), aliorum opes devorare ; comedere qm (Plaut.) : to d, with his eyes, oculis devorare (also = read with avidity) ; qd oculis comeaere (to fix longing or greedy eyes upon an object): to d. literature, literas vorare, devorare ; quasi heluare libris (C.) : aby's words, cs dicta devorare ; aby's speech, cs orationem absorbere (C. ; in the sense of wishing the whole of it, to speak of nobody but himself) : to d. food whole, cibos integros haurire (Col.) : to d. a stag whole, solidum haurire cer- vum (Plin.). — 1| To put up with (as in, to d. one's vexation), devorare (e. g. molestiam. taedium). — 1| De- vouring (of flames), omnia hauriens ; (of disease) tabificus. DEVOTJRER, heluo (gluttonous eater ; also impropr. patriae ; librorum). — esor (very late). — exesor (t Lucr.). — confector. consumptor. — Jn. confector et consump- tor (e. g. omnium ignis). DEVOUT, *rebus sacris intentus (attentive to the service of God, to prayer) ; *pietatis studio deditus ; Deum reverens (fearing God). — pius, religiosus (pious, reli- gious) : a d. prayer, ardentes preces : a d. heart, ani- mus pius or Dei studiosus. DEVOUTLY, multa cum veneratione (e. g. prosequi Deum, T.). — religiose, sancte (e.g. to pray). — attente. pie. reverenter. DEVOUTNESS, see Devotion. DEW, v. rore aspergere. DEW, ros (also fig. of tears). The d. falls, rorat ; ros cadit : to besprinkle with d., rore aspergere : fresh- fallen d., ros recens : the d.'s of heaven, ros ccelestis : to be exposed to the d.'s of heaven (at night), nocturnum excipere rorem (Cces. B. C. 3, 15): the pearly d., ros vitreus (glassy; 0.) : the morning d., ros matutlnus. DEW-BESPRINKLED, roscidus. rorulentus. DEW-DROP, *roris gutta ; or by ros vitreus (0.). DEW-LAP, palear; mly palearia, pi. DEWY, roscidus. — rorulentus (Cat. Col. Plin. ; ma- teria, terra, &c). — rorans (fig. e. g. lacrimae). — roratus (sprinkled with dew, #c). DEXTERITY, habilitas. — |^g" in genii dexteritas, or dexteritas (ad qd) only, is ' tact,' 'worldly wisdom,' 'address.' not 'dexterity.' — See Skilfulness. DEXTROUS, see Skilful. DEXTROUSLY, see Skilfully. DIA DIABETES, profluvium urinae {Plin. ; prps diabe- tes as t.t. but its Lett, meaning is water-pipe, siphon). — •diarrhoea urinosa (t. t.). DIABOLICAL,} S«*™™*- DIABOLISM, see Devilism. DIACONATE, diaconatus {as Eccl. office). *diaconi munus (with ref. to the individual filling it). DIADEM, diadema (C.).— insigne regium. To place (a d.) on abi/'s head, imponere ci or cs capiti. DIADEMED, diadematus (Plin.). DIAGONAL, diagonalis and (Greek) diagonios : also fern, diagonia (all Vitr.). A d., diagonalis (or diago- nios or diagonia or diagonii) linea (all Vitr.). DIAGRAM, forma geometrica. — descriptio. To draw a d., formam geometricam describere. — $*§* Dia- gramma is the musical scale; Vitr. DIAL, solarium (sun-dial). — or horarium (Censor, de die natali). — || Dial-plate, *orbis circumscriptus numeris. DIALECT, genus linguae.— dialectus (the former the Lai. expression, the latter borrowed fm the Greek ; Suet. Tib. 56). Earlier writers used lingua or sermo. The five Greek dialects, quinque sermonis Graeci differentiae. To speak in the Doric d., Dorice loqui. DIALECTIC, dialecticus. — || Dialectics, diabe- tica, pi. or dialectica, ae [2§g2r The correctness of the latter form is incorrectly denied by Zumpt, ad C. Off. 1, 6, 5]. — ars bene disserendi et vera ac falsa dijudicandi. — disserendi ratio or subtilitas. Skilled in d.'s, dialec- ticus. DIALECTICIAN, dialecticus. DIALLING, gnomonice. DIALOGUE, || a) Philosophical, dialogus. ser- mo. To introduce aby in a d., qm in dialogum indu- cere (C). — To compose a d., inducere sermonem homi- num {aft. C. Att. 13, 19, 4). — /3) In a play, sermones alterni (H.).— diverbium (L. 7, 2).—$*^T Never dialo- gus in this sense. DIAMETER, diametros (Sta/ueTpoy ; Col. Vitr.) ; pure Lat. dimetiens (f.sc. linea, Plin. 2, 23, 21). — linea media (C). A semi-d., *radius (t. t.). *semidiameter (t.t). A fool in d., quasi pedalis (of the sun; C. Acad. 2, 26, 28) : a vessel four feet in d., dolium, quod occupat per medium pedes quatuor (cf. Vitr. 6, 6, 3). DIAMETRICAL, diametros (e. g. radiatio, Firm. Math. 4, 1, mid.). DIAMETRICALLY;- per medium (aft. example fm Vitr. under Diameter). — 1| Fig.) prorsus (e.g. dis- sentire, &c). D. opposite, valde contrarius (C. ; sunt enim valde contr. ilia, quae vocantur negantia).— tam- quam e regione contrarius (C. ; of things that, though directly opposite, yet correspond ; being ex eodem genere). — maxime disjunctus atque contrarius (C). D. opposite (things), contraria inter sese. contraria diversaque atque inter se repugnantia (C). To be d. opposite (valde or maxime) contraria esse, inter se re- pugnare [g£p° Muretus uses ex diametro pugnare with an ut ajunt ; but this should not be imitated']. DIAMOND, adamas. A glazier's d., adamas ferro inclusus. parva adamantis crusta, quae ferro inclusa est (see Plin. 37,4, 15). As adj. adamantinus. A d. cross, *insigne crucis in formam adamantibus distinctus. A d. ring, *annulus adamante ornatus, fulgens. DIAPASON, diapason (bid naau>v, sc. \opbwv ; Vitr, 5,4). DIAPENTE, diapente (or bid irevre ; see note under DlATESSARON). DIAPHORESIS (med.), diaphoresis (biaopnTtKos, in Greek characters, Cels. 21,7). DIAPHRAGM, praecordia, pi. ; septum, quod mem- brana quadam superiores partes praecordiorum ab in- ferioribus diducit (Cels.). — diaphragma (bid(ppa^p.a ; Ccel. Aur. Tard.; in Cels. in Greek characters). — dis- septum, quod ventrem et cetera intestina discernit (Macrob. Somn. Scip. 1, 6). DIARRHCSA, fluor (g. t. Cels. In Scribon. fluor solutioque stomachi). — alvi profluvium or profusio ; alvus cita, citatior, liquida, fluens, soluta [ @^° im/)- poia, in Greek characters, C]. To be suffering fin d., fluore aegrum esse (Cels.); profluvio laborare : to bring on d., alvum ciere, movere, solvere, elicere : to check or stop a d., alvum fusam firmare (Cels.). — alvum astringere, sistere. J was seized by so violent an at- tack of d., tanta me corripuit bidppoia (C). A d. is check-ed, bidppoia consistit (C). DIARY, factorum dictorumque descripta per dies. — (241) DIC commentarii diurni (a daily record of household affairs and events ; kept, according to Bremi, by a slave ; Suet. Oct. 64). — memorialis libellus (note-book ; Id. Cces. 56). — ephemeris (acc.-book of daily expenses; Np. Att. 13, 6). — diarium (qui diarium scribunt, quam Graeci etpnpiepida. vocant, Asell. ap. Gell. 5, 18, 8). To keep a d., facta dictaque describere per dies. — diarium scri- bere (aft. Asell. ; see above). To set down athg in a d., qd in commentaries diurnos referre (Suet.). To record in a d. the facts that I hear stated, *eorum, quae audio (abqo), commentaries conricere (Muret.). DIASTYLE, diastylos species aedium (Vitr.). DIATESSARON, diatessaron (as t. t. ; it occurs = bid reaadpwv xopbwv- This and diapason should prps be written in Greek characters ; as Macrob. Somn. Scip. 2, 1. Freund). DIATONIC, diatonicus (e. g. modulatio, Marc. Capell.).— diatonus (a, um). DIATRIBE, commentatio. disputatio. libellus. DIBBLE, s. The nearest terms are capreolus and pastinum [Syn. in Hoe}. DIBBLE, v. infodere (dig in). — scrobe or sulco de- ponere. DICE, v. talis or tesseris ludere ; alea or aleam ludere (to play at d.) : aleam exercere (T.); aleam studiosissime ludere; aleae indulgere (to be a dicer; to gamble). — forum aleatorium calefacere (literally; 'to keep the dice-board hot [forum from forusj ; Oct. ap. Suet. Oct. 71). DICE, see Die, s. (where the phrases will be found). DICE-BOARD, abacus (Macrob. Sat. 1, 5).— alveus (Suet. Claud. 33; Plin.).— alveolus (C. de Fin. 5, 20).— tabula (O.Eleg. Nux, 77; Juv. 1, 89).— forus aleatorius (Suet. Aug. 71). DICE-BOX, phimus (

. in matters of business, tardus in negotiis gerendis. — A d. person, cessator. — dilator (H.). — Not that I am often d., especially, %c, non quo ces- sator esse solerem, praesertim (e. g. in literis, C). — $ggr° cunctator is used in this sense by Cael. ap. C. Fam. 8, 10, 3; nosti Marcellum, quam tardus et parum effi- cax ; itemque Servus, quam cunctator ; but it is often used in a good sense, nearly = cautus. DILEMMA, complexio (defined de Inv. 1, 29 ; com- plexio est, in qua, utrum concesseris, reprehenditur, ad hunc modum ; si improbus est, cur uteris ? si pro- bus, cur accusas?). — dilemma (as t. t. Serv. ad JEn. 2, 675; and 10, 449). — I have placed you between the horns of a d., *eo rem deduxi, ut utrum concesseris, repre- hendi possit. — 1| State of perplexity, angustiae: to place aby in a d., qm in angustias adducere (of a thing) ; in angustum compellere: to be brought into a d., in angustias adduci ; in angustum venire : to be placed, or to be in a d., in angustiis esse or haerere ; nescio quo- modo me expediam ex re.— See Perplexity. DILETTANTE, qui artem or studia ad voluptatem tantum exercet (Plin. Ep. 6, 8, 6). DILIGENCE, diligentia. industria. assiduitas. se- dulitas [Syn. in Assiduity]. — Jn. industria et dili- gentia. — navitas (opp. ignavia ; activity ; the useful d. of ordinary men, and of the industrious citizen). — opera (activity ; doing, as opp. to momentary inactivity, or merely thinking, talking, or advising ; = eoyaaia). — labor (continued and toilsome activity ; = rrovos). — stu- dium (the inward impulse, or inclination towards the object). — impigritas (C. ap. Non. 125, 20). — Jn. indus- tria et labor. — cura (care). — To exhibit or use d. in athg, industriam locare ; diligentiam adhibere ; stu- dium collocare (all in re) : to exhibit or use great d. in athg, multum studii adhibere ad qd ; operae plurimum studiique in qa re consumere; magnum studium et multam operam conferre ad qd ; multum operae laboris- que in re consumere ; multo sudore et labore facere qd ; desudare et laborare in re : to use or exhibit all possible d. in athg, omnem industriam or diligentiam ponere in re ; omne studium conferre ad qd ; omni cogitation e et cura, incumbere in qd ; totum animum atque dili- gentiam ponere in re; totum et mente et animo in- cumbere in qd. — See Industry. DILIGENT, diligens. industrius. sedulus. assiduus [Syn. in Assiduous]. — gnavus or navus. — impiger. — To be d. in business, in re gerenda acrem et industrium esse : d. in athg, diligens cs rei or in re (accurate, care- ful, and prudent in athg, opp. negligens). DILIGENTLY, industrie. sedulo. non sine studio. — diligenter. cum diligentia. — accurate. DILL, anethum (V. Plin.). — *anethum graveolens (Linn.). DILUENT, diluens (e. g. diluere vinum, potionem). DILUENT, s. *diluens remedium (as t. t. Kraus. Medic. Worterb.). DILUTE, v. diluere (d., e. g. vinum, by mixing it with water ; also dissolve, and fig.; but mhy of weaken- ing something bad). — temperare (to bring to the proper strength ; e. g. by mixing water with wine, or wine with water ; also fig. modice temperatam libertatem [opp. nimis meracam libertatem] haurire). — aqua permiscere (Col.; so vino permiscere, C; cujus acerbitas morum ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet). — delum- bare (e. g. sententias, C. ; prop, to take away the strength of its loins). — enervare (to take away its nerves or strength; e.g. orationem, sententiam). — See Weaken. — B&F Gel1 - uses dilutus of a weak law ; videtur nimis esse dilutum, quod scriptum est. DILUTION, Crcl. or temperatio (the mixing in. due proportion). — A d., dilutum (Plin.). — A very weak d., potio quam dilutissima. DIM, hebes (v. propr. blunted ; then fig. of sight and the other organs of sense; of light and colour ; of the intellect. — Jn. hebes et tardus, of the senses).— obscu- rus.— subobscurus (C. ; but only fig. of style).— subfus- cus (brownish; e. g. margarita, T.).— languidus. lan- guens (wanting life, spirit, or brightness ; e. g. of colour, light, expression, #c). — iners (dull, sluggish ; e. g. of the eyes, a look, fyc). — To grow d., hebe scere (of the eyes; of precious stones ; of the stars; — ^^" hebetescere, post-Aug. and rare). — sensim obscurari DIM (of the recollection of athg ; C— memoria sensim ob- scurata est et evanuit). — languescere (of light or colour ; e. g. luna, T.) : to be d., hebetera esse; nebere. — sen- sim obscuratum esse et evanescere (C. ; of the recol- lection of athg). — languere (+ of the moon; Propert.): to make athg d. ; vid. To Dim. — D. lights, languida hnnina {Plin.). — A d. colour, color languidus, lentus. — A d. yellow, languescens in luteum color (Plin.). — His eyes are d., oculi caecutiunt (Varr. ap. Non.): his eyes wax d., acies oculorum hebescit. — D. -sighted, hebes. — lusciosus. luscitiosus (' qui vespere non videt' or ' qui interdiu non videt ')• — lippus (blear-eyed). DIM, v. hebetare (not in C. nor prce-Aug. ; visus ci, V. ; oculorum aciem, lunam, &c, Plin.). — obscurum facere. obscurare (e. g. lumen lucernae, C. ; also of iveakening the recollection of athg). — obscuritatem aflerre ci rei (C). DIMENSION, dimensio (the measuring; e.g. qua- drati, C). — *ratio modi (proportionate magnitude). — To take the d.'s of athg, metiri (e. g. of a field, agrum, C). — dimetiri qd. — mensuram cs rei inire (Col.), agere (Plin.), facere (+ O.): to take the d.'s by the same method, eadem ratione mensuram addere (Vitr. 9, 3). DIMIDIATE, dimidiare (but only in partcp. dimidi- atus). DIMINISH, minuere; imminuere; deminuere qd, or qd de qa re ; extenuare ; levare, sublevare, elevare (athg heavy or burdensome) ; remittere qd, or qd de qa. re (to relax) ; lenire (athg unpleasant). See Lessen. DIMINUTION, deminutio.— imminutio.— extenua- tio. — levatio. — remissio. — rnitigatio. — D. of strength, defectio virium; vires corporis affectae. — See Lessen- ing. DIMINUTIVE, see Small.— || A d., nomen demi- nutum (Q.); deminutivum (Prise. Charis.). — ' Cymbia is a d. fm cymba,' cymbia deminutive a cymba, dicta (Macrob.). DIMINUTIVENESS, see Smallness. DIMISSORY, dimissorius. — Letters d., dimissoriae literae ('dimissoriae literae' dicuntur, quae vulgo apostoli dicuntur [i. e. an order to remove a cause to a higher court]. — Dimissoriae autem dictae, quia causa ad eum, qui appellatus est, dimittitur, Modest. Dig.). DIMITY, *pannus linoxylfnus. DIMNESS, obscuratio (e. g. obscurity, quibus in rebus magna obscuratio est, C). — obscuritas (C; obsc. oculorum, Plin.). — hebetatio (post-Class, oculorum, Plin.).— hebetudo (post-Class. Macrob. Somn. Scip. 1, 14): d. of sight, oculi hebetes or caligantes. DIMPLE, lacuna, parva lacuna (in the chin or cheeks; O. A. A. 3, 283 ; so Apul. medio mento lacuna). — gelaslnus (yeXaalvor, a d. in the cheeks, appearing when one laughs; Mart. 7, 25, 6). DIN, s. strepitus. fragor. fragores. crepitus, soni- tus [Sot. in Noise, vid.].— The d. of arms, armorum crepitus (£.); strepitus belli (L. ; if used as Crcl. for '■war'). DIN, v. To d. aby's ears, obtundere cs aures (with athg, q& re, C). — obtundere qm (with athg, qa re; e. g. voce, rogitando, Ter.): to d.with clamour, qm clamori- bus exsurdare {Sen.). DINE, prandere. prandium comedere or (with Suet. Oct. 78) cibum meridianum sumere (a sort of late breakfast or lunch at 12 o'clock. — J^^" Of soldiers, prandere is the right word for to 'dine;' Ruperti). — ccenare. ccenitare (to take the principal meal of the day, towards evening). — epulari (at a dinner to wch company is invited) : to d. early, de die ccenare. de media, die ccenare (with the Romans, for the purpose of lengthening the meal, for a good or bad motive). — To d. with aby, accubare apud qm (C. Att. 14, 12). — ccenare apud qm (C), or cum qo (H. ; Suet. Juv.). I have but just dined, ccenavi modo : to invite aby to d. with one, invitare or vocare qm, with or without ad ccenam : to tell, or send word to aby, that you will d. with him, condicere ci ad ccenam ; condicere ci : to d. with aby by express invita- tion, ccenare cum qo vocatu ipsius. When I had dined ; after I had dined, $c, coenatus : to engage to d. with aby, promittere ad qm (C); promittere ad ccenam (Plin.): to have aby to d. with one, ccenae adhibere qm (Q.) : to d. out frequently ; to be fond of dining out, ccenas obire ; ad ccenas itare : to be dining out, foris ccenare : to d. out, foris ccenitare, ad ccenas itare (of the habit ; = to accept invitations to dinner) : to d. on athg, ccenare qd (Plant. H.; olus, aves). DING, trans.) allidere. illidere. — incutere. infli- gere.— intr.) see Bounce, Bluster. DINGLE, convallis. DINGY, fuscus (brown). — subniger (blackish). — sor- didus. sordidior. sordidulus (dirty ; dirtyish). (246) DIP DINING-ROOM, ccenatio (only in post-Aug. prose). conclave, ubi epulamur. — A small d.-r., ccenatiuncula. DINNER, ccena (the principal meal of the Romans; usually the last of the day, to wch they sat down at about the hora nona, though often later; it was this to wch guests were invited). — cibus meridianus. prandium (a late breakfast, usually of only cold meat, about the hora sexta or septima ; in an army the prandium was the principal meal). — To get one's d., ccenare, prandere (the latter esply of an army ; ducibus praeceptum, ut pran- dere omnes juberent, L.) : to sit down to d., accubare (since the Romans lay down): to order d., ccenam im- perare (with dat. ; e. g. servo) : to invite aby to d., qm ad ccenam vocare, invitare, and (Np.) devocare : to be getting d. ready; to prepare the d., ccenam adparare (T.), curare (Plant.): to cook a d., ccenam coquere: to give a d. to aby, ccenam dare ci (Plant. C); ccenae adhibere qm : to give d.'s, ccenas or ccenulas facere (C.) : to take one's d. with aby, ccenare apud qm : to come to take one's d. with aby, venire ad ccenam : after d., post ccenam ; often by partcp. ccenatus. That is my only chance of getting a d., est illic mihi una spes ccenatica (Plaut.) : to give a d. of three courses, ccenam tribus ferculis praebere : an early d., ccena tempestiva (with the Romans, for the purpose of gaining more time, either for rational conversation, or for the pleasures of the table) : to have a d. of seven courses served up when one is quite alone, fercula septem secreto ccenare (t Juv.) : to be longing for one's d., ccenaturire (Martial.). DINNER-TIME, tempus ccenandi : our d.-t. is five o'clock, *hora quinta ccenatur. DINT, || Blow, stroke, vid. — 1| Force, in such expressions as ' by d. of war, exertions, arguments, fyc. ; mly by the simple abl. ; sts by non sine. — To try to refute aby by d. of arguments, qm argumentis refellere conaii : by d. of great exertions or indtislry, non sine summa industria. — 1| Mark of a blow, fyc, nota. — vibex (weal). DINT, v. notam imprimere (to mark). — incldere (to cut in). — atterere. stringere (of cords, fyc. e. g. cutem). DIOCESAN, episcopus. *ordinarius (in Eccl. Lat. ; e. g. Council of Trent). DIOCESE, dicecesis (SioU*™, Eccl.). DIOPTRICS, dioptrica (t. t.\. DIP, tr.) mergere in qd or in qa, re, or qa re only (e. g. in aquam or aqua ; in the sea, mari). — tingere or intingere in qa re or qa, re (to d. or steep in athg for the purpose of moistening it [e. g. a sponge in vinegar, spongiam in aceto] ; or of extinguishing it [e. g. torches in a river, faces in amne] ; ting, qa, re »'.9 esply = to d. for the purpose of colouring athg). — [JH^P" immergere, mly poet, and post-Aug. prose; but also C] — To d. one's hands in aby's blood, manus caede cs imbuere : to d. one's pen in the ink, calamum intingere (Q. 10, 3, 31).— To d. athg under, submergere ; demergere or mergere only; athg in, qd in qa re, sub qa re. — To d. one's head under (in bathing), submergere fluctibus caput, demergere vultum in undas ( t Propert. 3, 18, 9). — 1| To baptize (used contemptuously), perfun- dere (so tised by the Pelagian Julianus, elegisti verbum, quo beret contemptibile quod dicebas, August, contr. Julian. 6, 26). DIP, intr.) se mergere in qd or in qa re (of per- sons). — 1| Incline, vergere. — proclivem or declivem esse (to d. or slope downwards) : to d. to the south, in meridiem vergere. — || Of the magnetic needle, declinare (t. t.). — 1| Engage in, implicari (into athg, qa re). — se immiscere (into athg, ci rei). — 1| To enter slightly into, leviter attingere qd (e. y. Greek, Grae- cas literas, C). — gustare qd. primis or primoribus labris, ut ajunt, gustare (just to taste of it; fig. opp. to the thorough study of athg). — To d. into a book, librum strictim attingere (C. Att. 2, 1, 1). — librum percurrere (aft. C.)— librum cursim transire (Gell.).— [Poet., oculo properante legere, O. ; oculo veloci percurrere, H.~\ — paginas percurrere (e. g. in annalibus, L. 9, 18, mid.). inspicere librum (Plant.). — Satisfied with dipping into the Gorgias without looking at his other works, Gorgiam legere contentus, neque hoc totum neque alia ejus volumina evolvit (aft. Q. 15, 24). DIP, s. inclinatio. — declinatio (e. g. cceli. — mundi). — D. of the magnetic-needle, «fastigium acus nauticae (Georges). — *inclinatio, devergentia acus nauticae (Kraft.; deverg. only Gell.). DIPHTHONG, diphthongus (Prise), DIPLOMA, diploma, atis, n. (in the time of Cicero, a public letter of recommendation for persons travelling in the provinces ; in later times, any writing in favour of aby, drawn tip by a magistrate, as Suet. Ner. 12, diploma civitatis ci ofFerre ; i. e. to offer to any the DIP freedom of the city).— codicilli (a writing of the prince, in wch he assigns an office to any one, as Suet. Tib. 42, Bremi).— tabula publica {document, record). DIPLOMACY, *legationum obeundarum disciplina atque doctrina {of the duty of ambassadors). — ♦disci- plina, quas tabularum publicarum fidem atque usum docet {science wch teaches how to understand, fyc, offi- cial documents). To follow d. {as a profession), lega- tiones obire : by d., per legatos. DIPLOMATIC, by the genitives legationis or legatio- num ; legati or legatorum ( |§§gr legatoria provincia is doubtful: according to Orelli, a false reading, for locatoria provincia, C. Ait. 15, 9, 1): a d. post, legatio- nis or legati munus ; *legati provincia : a d. dinner, epulum legatorum {Inscr.); convivium, quo legati pas- cuntur {aft. Eutrop. 4, 7, extr.): the d. corps or body, ♦corpus legatorum : to go to a place in a d. character, legatum qo venire. DIPLOMATIST, *in legationibus obeundis versa- tus {experienced in embassies). — legatus {ambassador). DIRE, DIREFUL, see Terrible. DIRECT, || To point athg in a straight line towards an object, dirigere ; to an object, ad qd {propr. and impropr.). — To d. one's course to anyplace, cursum dirigere qo(aZsocursum dirigere, absol.O.) : one's steps any whither, iter dirigere or convertere qo ; else- where, iter flectere : to d. a gun, fyc. ; see To Point. — to d. one's eyes to an object, oculos conjicere ad or in qd ; oculos ci or ad qd adjicere ; oculos convertere in qm or qd (ggp dirigere aciem ad qm, t Catull.) : all eyes are directed to you, omnium oculi in te sunt conjecti : to d. one's attention to athg, animum ad qd attendere, adjicere or applicare ; mentem ad qd dirigere or appel- lere ; one's thoughts to any subject, cogitationes ad qd dirigere (C): cogitationes ad or in qd intendere ; all one's thoughts or attention, omni cogitatione ferri ad qd ; toto animo et studio omni incumbere ad qd ; in qd omni cogitatione curaque incumbere. — @§p° Not only the object to wch, but also the rule by wch we d. athg, is placed with ad: to d. ourselves {our lives, fyc.) by the rule of right reason, dirigere vitam ad rationis norm am {so leges hominum ad naturam). — 1| Give a direction for finding a person or object; tell a person where to go, ci monstrare viam or iter ; qm ducere in viam {to put him in the right way) ; qm reducere in viam {if he had been astray) : to d. aby to any one, ubi qs habitet demonstrare ci {to aby's house). — delegare qm (to send him there, to obtain, do, leave, fyc. something ; e. g. studiosos Catonis ad volumen): to d. to any one (to point to with the finger), qm digito monstrare or demonstrare; qm digito de- monstrare conspicuumque facere (in order to make him distinguishable among the multitude) ; digitum inten- dere ad qd (e. g. to the original sources, ad fontes, C). — || Govern, guide, qd. gubernare (to sit at the helm and d. it). — qd regere (to guide, conduct). — ci rei praeesse, praefectum esse, praesidere (to be set over, to preside over) : to d. the affairs of a nation, rempublicam administrare or procurare (proc. of one who has the sole management). — 1| Prescribe, enjoin, praescribere or praecipere ci qd. — We directed them to, fyc, sic iis praescripsimus, ut, &c. : d. me what to do, quid faciam praescribe (H.) : the Pythia directed them to, fyc, consulentibus Pythia prae- cepit, ut, &c. : they directed him what to do, huic, quid fieri vellent, praeceperunt (i. e. what they wished to have done). — He directed me to pay such a person, mihi cui numerem delegavit. — See Command. — || To ad- dress; to d. a letter to aby, ci inscribere epistolam. gj^jf 3 Praescribere (e.g. epistola, cui titulus praescriptus est, Gell.) does not answer to our direction on the out- side. DIRECTION, I! Act of directing or aiming at, directio ; thus Q. says, a ' conjecture' is a direc- tio quaedam rationis ad veritatem. — 1| Line of mo- tion with ref. to the point to be reached. — M!y by Crcl. or by regio, tractus (the district or quarter towards wch the d. lies) or via (way) ; cursus (course) ; partes (parts). — [ USif Directio is the act of directing, or of levelling.] — D.'s in wch the motion of bodies takes place, momenta (s. WolfonTusc. 1,17,40). — In the d. of Gaul, the Alps, $c. (aft. verb of motion), ad Galliam versus, ad Alpes versus [$*^veryseld. without ad : as, ille supra Maleam Italiam versus navigaturus erat, Sulpic. ap. Fam. 4, 12, 1 ; al. in ItaliamJ. — In a straightforward d., recta regione. recta via: in all d.'s, quoquoversus (Cces.); in omnes partes (both aft. a verb of motion; e. g. legationes, servos, &c. dimittere) : in both d.'s, utroque versus (Gell.) : in opposite d.'s, in contrarias partes (e.g. abire, of two persons ; fluere, of two streams) : to go away in the opposite d., in contrariam partem ire (247) DIR (Cces.) : in different d.'s, in diversas partes ; also diversi (e. g. discesserunt). — diversis itineribus (of d.'s in wch persons come): where the river changes the d. of its course, qua flumen intermittit (Cces. B. G. 1, 38): to regain their right d., cursum corrigere (L. 29, 27): to put aby in the right d., ducere in viam, or (if he had before lost it) reducere in viam ; erranti monstrare viam : the d. things are taking, cursus rerum. — To give athg a d. towards, fyc, qd dirigere in or ad qd (e. g. navem in portum; ad litora) : to keep the right d., cur- sum tenere (esply of a vessel) : to wander fm, deviate fm the right d., a via aberrare (to lose one's road) ; cur- sum non tenere (esply of ships and sea-faring people) : to take another d., flectere iter (to take another way ; of persons); immutari (to be changed; esply for the worse). — A road runs in the d. of, $c, via fert qo (leads to it) ; ducit qo (t). — I always move involuntarily in the d. of your room, ad diaetam tuam ipsi me pedes ducunt (Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1): the roads, the footsteps, fyc. lie or are in the d. of, fyc, itinera, vestigia ferunt qo : my proceed- ings are all in the same d., haec eadem est nostra? ratio- nis regio et via (C. Verr. 5, 7, 181).— To gallop in differ- ent d.'s, *citato cursu in diversas partes avehi (of cavalry). — ggp° discurrere is to ride up and down, to and fro) : to be dragged in different d.'s, in diversas par- tes distrabi (fig. of the desires, $c). — 1| Government, management, administratio (e.g. belli). — moderatio. gubernatio (government, guidance; esply of the state, reipublicae). — cura (the care). — procuratio (as deputy for another). — auctoritas (declaration of a superior's pleasure, wch the inferior submits to). — summa rerum or imperii (the supreme d. of either domestic or mili- tary affairs).— summa belli (the d. of military affairs) : the d. of domestic concerns, cura rei domestical. — By aby's d., qo duce ; cs ductu (by his guidance) ; qo auctore (by his advice) : to do athg by aby's d., qo auctore facere qd : to have the d. of athg, regere ; mode- rari ; moderatorem esse cs rei ; gubernare ; Jn. regere et moderari. regere et gubernare. gubernare et mode- rari. — administrare. — prasesse ci rei (e. g. the games, ludis ; a business, negotio) : to be entrusted with the d. of the war, beJlum administrare : to have the principal d. of public affairs, publici consilii auctorem or mode- ratorem esse ; rempublicam procurare : to submit to aby's d., or be under his d., cs consilio regi; qm or cs auctoritatem sequi, ci parere, obtemperare : to be under the d. of another, or of others, alieni arbitrii esse. — 1| Command, order, praescriptio ; Jn. praescriptio moderatioque. praescriptum. jussum. mandatum. auc- toritas. — By aby's d.'s, jussu or auctoritate cs ; jubente qo; jussus a qo. [Syn. ire Command.] — To follow aby's d.'s, cs praeceptum observare, curare (opp. negligere) : to follow the letter of his d.'s, ad praescriptum agere (of an officer); see Command, for phrases. — 1| Direction(ofa letter), *inscriptio ; * titulus epistolse inscriptus (cf* epistola, cui cs nomen praescriptus est, Gell.). — 1| Body of directors, «collegium magistrorum, praefectorum, praesidum ; or magistri, praefecti, praesides [Syn. in Director]. DIRECTLY, \\ In a direct line, recta (e. g. a sub- selliis recta ad rostra, C. ; tendere recta Beneventum, H.) ; recta via. recta regione. — || Immediately, straightway, statim. protinus. confestim. e vesti- gio. illico. — Syn. in Immediately. DIRECTNESS, rectitudo (post-Class., Aggcn. in Front, p. 46, Goes.). Crcl. DIRECTOR, magister (one that takes care of and manages the interests of a company). — princeps (one that is at the head). — praeses (a president, one that fills the chair). — praefectus (one set over). — rector, modera- tor, gubernator (one t hat g uides the helm, has the direc- tion of the whole.— g^" Director is without any an- cient warrant, and at the most ought to be applied only as a title, in order to distinguish it fm rector) : d. of a company or society, magister societatis (e. g. of a trading company) : of a choir of singers, chori canentium magister (Col. 12, 2, 4): to be a d.; see To Direct. — to take the place of a d., pro magistro esse. DIRECTORY, || The office of a director, ma- gisterium ; praefectura. — || The directors as a body, *collegium magistrorum, praefectorum, praesi- dum. &c. ; magistri ; praefecti ; praesides. DIREPTION, direptio (C). DIRGE, naenia.— carmen funebre (the latter as an explanation of the former, Q. 8, 28). — cantus funebris (so far as actually sung, vid. C. Milon. 32, 86). — carmen ferale (death-song ; V. of the howling of the screech-owl). To sing a d. over aby, naeniam dicere de qo (aft. Plant. True. 2, 1, 3). DIRK, pugiunculus. DIR DIRT, v. See Dirty. DIRT, lutum (d. of streets, roads).— coenum (mire of bog, morass, 8,-c). — sordes. illuvies {the former, any d., e. g. of clothes ; the latter esply d. on the bodies of per- sons avid animals). — stercus. fimus. merda (the dung of persons and animals ; stercus, simply dung ; fimus, as filth ; merda, as something contemptible, defiling). — quisquiliae (all sweepings, refuse, <§-c, wch one throivs away ; also fig. of useless things). — squalor (disgust- ing d., opp. nitor). — situs (d. contracted by things being never touched or removed; by its being left in a damp place, $c). — paedor (of d., as emitting a bad smell ; e. g. fm neglect of the person). — purgamentum (of the impurities that are removed when athg is cleaned). — To be covered with d., situ squalere : covered with d., situ sordidus ; obsttus squalore (e. g. vestis). — A spot of d., macula : to remove spots of d., maculas abluere, auferre, emendare, tollere (Plin.). — To remove a spot of d. fm athg, maculam auferre de qa re (f) ; maculam abluere ex qa re (by washing it out). DIRTILY, sordide. — obscoene. — Syn. in Dirty. DIRTINESS, sordes. squalor; see Dirt, s. — \\Mea?i- ness, vid. — 1| Obscenity, vid. DIRTY, lutosus, coenosus (prop.; Syn. in Dirt, s.)- — lutuientus (also fig.). — luto or cceno oblttus ; obscenus (creating disgust when we see or hear of it, fiff- °f persons, paintings, verses, #c.) — immundus (not neat, not clean ; opp. mundus). — spurcus (of unclean- ness disgusting to the eye or nose ; then fig. = morally im- pure). — sordidus (also fig. of one who is dirtily mean, and of low-minded men generally). — squalidus (only propr.). — paedidus (offensively d. in person : very rare, Pelron.). Very d., sordium plenus ; squalore sordidus ; squalo- ris plenus (C, of a person). — obsftus sordibus, or squa- lore, paedore horridus (t). — To be d. f sordere, squalere: to be very d., situ squalere : to become d., sordescere. DIRTY, v. inquinare qd qa re. — maculam facere in qa re (cause a spot of dirt on it). — maculare (spot it ; Plaut. Cat. V.).—To d. oneself, se inquinare qare (e.g. sordibus, cceno). DISABILITY, Crcl. He confesses his d., confitetur se non posse. — To lie under a d. of doing athg, qd non posse : to lie under a d. in consequence of athg, qa re parum posse (e. g. ingenio). — To lie under a legal d., legibus vetari ; jure prohiberi : to acknowledge no d., nihil non se efficere posse ducere. — See To Disable. — Sts imbecillitas ; infirmitas (weakness) may serve (as in 'the understanding is conscious of its disability'). DISABLE, debilitare (to weaken; membra, C; the enemy, opes adversariorum, Np.). — Jn. affligere et de- bilitare.— infirmare. enervare (Syn. in Weaken ; vid.). — ci facultatem qd faciendi eripere ; qm prohibere, quo- minus qd faciat (d. him to do something). — qm omnibus membris debilem facere (5cm. ; of maiming him bodily). — exarmare ( Veil. ; victis afflictisque ipsi exarmati civitatem dare maluerunt, vid. Ruhnk. ad loc). — @§p° ad usum incommodare (e. g. manum, Ulp., is post- Class.).— To d. a ship, navem afflictare, frangere; *in- utilem ad navigandum reddere. — Old age d.'s us, senec- tus enervat et affligit homines. — To d. the enemy, opes hostium affligere (L.) ; hostes bello affligere (L.); opes adversariorum debilitare (Np.) ; accidere res hostium. To d. guns, *frangere pedamentum or pegma tormen- torum (Bau.). DISABLED, debilitatus (opp. occisus. obtritus). — infirmus ac debilis factus. — exarmatus (Veil.). — man- cus. omnibus membris claudus ac debilis.— homo clau- dus ac debilis, or mancus ac debilis (see Cripple). — A d. ship, navis ad navigandum inutilis (Cccs.). — navis quassa or ventis quassata (t), debilitata (Lucr.). — D. in consequence of a fall, lapsu debilitatus. DISABUSE, dedocere qm qd (unteach him). — opi- nione levare qm. — ci or ex cs animo opinionem evellere (correct a wrong impression ; the latter of quite removing it). — meliora edocere qm (teach him better). — errore qm levare (C), or exsolvere (Ter.); errorem ci tollere (L.), eripere, extorquere. — ab errore avellere qm (by strong measures ; C). DISACCUSTOM, detrahere ci cs rei consuetudinem. a consuetudine cs rei qm abducere. — dedocere qm qd (to unteach him athg). DISADVANTAGE, s. incommodum. — damnum, detrimentum. jactura [Syn. in Loss]. — iniquitas (d. of situation ; of an army, 8,-c. ; loci, locorum; also of a stale of affairs, temporum). — He states the d.'s of the ground, quid iniquitas loci habeat incommodi proponit (Cces. B. G. 7, 45). — At a d., to one's d., cum incom- modo ; cum damno ; cum detrimento : at a great d. ; to my great d., cum magno meo incommodo : to buy or sell at ad., male emere or vendere: without any d., (248) DIS sine incommodo ; sine damno ; sine fraude : to state the d.'s of athg, quid qa res habeat incommodi proponere (aft. Cces. B. G. 7, 45). — That d. is in some degree compensated by this advantage, in ista incommoditate illud inest tamen commodi (quod, &c, C.) : to suffer some d., qo incommodo affici (C): the advantages of athg are greater than its d.'s, qd plus habet adjumenti quam incommodi : athg was a great d. to aby, qa res magnum ci attulit incommodum : to remedy, lessen, %c. escape fm a d., incommodum dejicere, deminuere, devitare (C). — The Roman people, in spite of all their d.'s, populus Romanus, tametsi multis incommodis difficultatibusque affectus est, tamen, &c. : to speak to aby's d., laudibus cs obtrectare ; detrahere de cs fama. — Under all these d.'s, tot incommodis conflictatus (Cces. B. G. 5, 35, 5). DISADVANTAGE, v. incommodare (ci or ci rei, or absol. C. but rare). — incommodum ci dare, ferre, afferre or importare (C). — nocere (hurt). — ci damnum dare, afferre, or apportare. — detrimentum ci afferre, inferre, or importare ; detrimento qm afficere. — fraudem ci facere. DISADVANTAGEOUS, incommodus. — damnosus. detrimentosus (hurtful). — alienus. adversus (unfavor- able). — iniquus (unfavorable; esply of ground, with ref. to military operations). — D. ground, locus iniquus or alienus. DIS ADVANTAGEOUSLY, cum incommodo; cum damno; cum detrimento. male (ill). — inique (un- favorably). — incommode (agsl one's convenience, in- terests, $c). DISAFFECT, alienare or abalienare (abalienatus dicitur, quem quis a seremoverit; alienatus, qui alienus est factus, Fest.) ; to aby, a qo. — qm or cs volun- tatem or (Plaut.) animum a qo abalienare. — qm or cs voluntatem or animum (L. Veil.) aqo alienare (to one- self, a se ; also alienare sibi animum cs, Veil.). — aver- tere qm or cs animum (absol. or a qo, a cs amicitia ; C. Cces.). — abducere, abstrahere, distrahere, subducere qm a qo. — To attempt to d. soldiers, milites sollicitare (cf. Cces. B. C. 2, 33, extr.).— \\ Disaffected, aliena- tus, to aby, a qo ; in consequence of athg, qa re. — voluntate alienatus (5.): to be disaffected to aby, aqo animo esse alieno or averso; totum se a cs amicitia avertisse (Cccs.). DISAFFECTION, alienatio : to aby, a qo (in T., in qm ; see example below ; C. also has a qo ad qm, Phil. 2, 1). — Jn. alienatio disjunctioque (the latter term is the stronger, implying the actual separation that follows a change in one's inward feelings ; see Beier ad C. Lcel. 21, 76). — animus inimicus infestusque. — voluntas abalienata. — Wch was the principal cause of d. to Vitel- lius in the Illyrian armies, inde praecipua in Vitellium alienatio per Ulyricos exercitus. DISAGREE, || Differ, discrepare cum qo and cum re (not to be in unisoti with, opp. concinere); dissidere, dissentire a and cum qo (not to agree in opinion, opp. consentire) : writers d. with each other, discrepat inter auctores, inter scriptores : to d. with aby more in words than in reality, a qo dissentire verbis magis quam sententiis : to agree with any one in reality, but to d. in words, re concinere, verbis discrepare cum qo. — || Of food, stomacho alienum esse (opp. stomacho aptum or idoneum esse or convenire, Cels. 2, 25). — innatare stomacho (opp. sedere, H. Plin. ; = to float about in it undigested). — minus facile concoqui (not to be easily digested). — gravem esse, or parum salubrem esse. — 1| Of medicine, *parum commode facere. — *parum prodesse (?wt to act well).— nocere (to be hurtful). DISAGREEABLE, ingratus. insuavis. injucundus. non jucundus. gravis, molestus. odiosus. — See Un- pleasant. — To contain athg d., injucunditatis qd habere (C). — A d. smell, odor injucundus, gravis. — A d. voice, injucundus vocis sonus : a smell that is not d., non injucundus odor (Plin. ; jucundus odor, C.) : what is more d. than, 8,-c? quid insuavius, quam, &c. ? (C. ; e. g. clamor in exordio causae). — A d. temper, difficilis natura : fm its d. smell, propter gravitatem odoris (Plin.): it is very d. of you to, 8;c., illud mihi odiosum est, quod, &c. — Oil, when too old, has a d. smell, vetus- tas oleo taedium affert (Plin.): to render life d., vitara insuavem reddere (C). DlSAGREEABLENESS, injucunditas (C. ; e. g. ora- tionis). — gravitas (e. g. odoris, Plin.).— insuavitas (very late; dictionis, Gell.). — morositas (d. of temper). — mo- lestia (d., as felt; the annoyance or disgust caused by it). — taedium (a d. object that wearies one, annoys one). DISAGREEABLY, injucundius (e. g. res injucun- dius actae, C. : injucunde does not occur). — male (c. g. olere, to smell d.).— graviter (e. g. olere). DIS DISAGREEMENT, dissensio (inqa re.— de re : dif- ference of opinion ; then = a misunderstanding or dis- pute, as the consequence of such difference ; and differ- ence generally, of things ; e. g. utilium cum hones- tis, C). — dissidium (the alienation of persons, and breaking off of their intercourse ; of two persons or parties. — f$g§T not to be confounded with disci- dium = a local separation). — ■ Jn. dissensio ac dis- sidium ; dissidium ac dissensio. — discordia (want of harmony; the aiming at different ends; hence, also of things, rerum). — An amicable d., sine acerbitate dissen- sio. — Amongst those who maintain the existence of the gods, there is so much d., fyc, qui deos esse dixerunt, 'in tanta sunt varietate ac dissensione constituti, ut, &c. — See Difference; Quarrel. DISALLOW, non probare. improbare (not to ap- prove of; opp. probare, approbare ; improb. also [opp. defendere] = not to admit the truth of an opinion; and also to rescind [e. g. judicium sacerdotis] ).— reprobare (also opp. probare, approbare ; of not allowing opinions ; also [opp. asciscere] of what our nature rejects and dis- likes ; C). — damnare. condemnare (condemn). — repre- hendere. vituperare (censure ; opp. probare, laudare). — [Syn. in Blame.] — negare (to deny). — 1| To d. an account, rationem non probare (C). — To allow each particular item, and yet d. the total, aera singula pro- bare; summam, quae ex his confecta est, non probare (P.)- DISALLOWABLE, non probandus. improbandus. reprobandus. — vituperandus. reprehendendus. DISALLOWANCE, improbatio (opp. approbatio).— dissuasio (opp. adhortatio). — reprehensio. vituperatio (censure; opp. probatio. laus). DISALLOWED, non concessus.— non probatus. re- probatus. improbatus. DISANIMATE, see Dishearten. DISANNUL, see Annul. DISAPPEAR, evanescere (prop, of dew, %c. ; then of reports, 8,-c. and fig. of hopes). — evolare e conspectu (pass rapidly out of sight; of ships, $c). — abire(#o away; prop, and fig.; of a pestilence, fear, an evil, time, fyc). — auferri (to be carried away or removed ; legally or illegally; prop.). — tolli (to be taken out of the way; prop, and fig.). — obscurari (to be darkened ; of the stars). — extabescere (used fig. of what dies away; e.g. opiniones, C). — occultari (to be hidden; opp. aperiri ; of the stars). — se abdere. se abdere in occultum (to hide oneself; of persons). — se subtrahere. clam se subducere (of persons absconding). — The ship soon disappeared, navis evolabat e conspectu quasi fugiens : the land soon disappeared, celeriter e conspectu terrae ablati sunt (L. 29, 27): the silver tables disappeared fm all the temples, mensae argenteae ex omnibus templis sublatae sunt: those times have disappeared, abiit illud tempus: the evil disappeared for a short time, malum abiit in diem : every memorial of them has disappeared, eorum rnemoria evanuit : this custom has totally disappeared, consuetudo de civitate sublata est: the fear of regal government has disappeared, timor regni sublatus est : not only the thing, but its very name has disappeared, cum re nomen quoque vetustate abolevit (L. 1, 23). DISAPPEARANCE, Crcl.; with the d. of their fear, metu remoto (T. ). DISAPPOINT, fallere. decipere (deceive; the latter implying intention). — frustrari (deceive by false hopes, d. aby's expectation). — destituere (to leave in the lurch, after having promised, 8;c. ; also used absol.). — mentiri (to convey a false notion or expectation; of things, e. g. oculi, frons, vultus). — fraudare (to defraud, qm qa re; and absol. qm). — Jn. fraudare et fallere (e.g. socium, C). — ad vanum or ad irritum or ad vanum et irritum redigere (to make alhg as good as undone ; de- feat it, fyc). — IggT Not ad nihil redigere, in this sense. — fidem fallere, mutare, or frustrari; fidem frangere, violare, non servare (to d. by not keeping one's word) : take care not to d. me, cave aliter facias. — To d. aby's hope or expectation, spem cs fallere, ludere or destituere ; exspectationem cs decipere : to be dis- appointed in a hope or expectation, a spe destituor ; spes me fallit, destituit, or frustratur ; opinio me frus- tratur: to see one's hopes disappointed, spem perdere ; spe excfdere ; a spe decmere ; spe dejici ; spes ad irri- tum cadit or redigitur : death disappointed all his hopes, omnem spem atque omnia vitae consilia mors pervertit : disappointed of his hope, destitutus a spe (L.), spe (Curt. 8, 6) : being disappointed in this hope or expecta- tion, hac spe lapsus (Ca;s.) ; being disappointed of his only hope, destitutus ab Ulrica, spe (L. 40, 47) : if he d.'s us, si is destituat (L.): to be disappointed by aby, a qo destitutum esse : to d. a suitor, cs (249) DIS precibus non satisfacere. — I am never disappointed, when I ask him a favour, nullius rei a qo repulsam fero (Np.) : when he was disappointed in this, ubi id parum processit. — To be disappointed (of things ; e. g. attempts, plans, fyc), irritum fieri ; ad irritum cadere, recidere or venire. — I have been disappointed, evenit qd praeter spem ; res praeter opinionem cecidit ; res aliter, ac ratus eram, cecidit ; aliter res cecidit, ac putabam (the thing has turned out differently fm what I expected ; in a bad sense). DISAPPOINTING, spem fallens, frustratus, &c— To feel or think athg d., molestiam trahere or capere ex re. DISAPPOINTMENT, destitutio (the being deserted by aby, who has broken an implied or actual promise). — successus nullus (want of success). — frustratio(e. g. quo magis me petiverunt, tanto majorem iis fr us t ratio dolorem attulit, Plane, ap. C. Epp. 10, 23, 25). — malum, incommodum (an evil; an annoyance). — repulsa (rejec- tion of one's suit). — To meet with a d. (= refusal), re- pulsam ferre. — You shall not meet with ad. (= refusal), haud repulsus abibis; quidquid me ores, impetrabis (aft. Plant. Capt. 3, 2, 14).— Mly by Crcl..— I have met with a d., spes me fefellit, delusit, frustrata est; spe deceptus sum ; a spe destitutus sum. — After this d., ubi id parum processit (when this attempt failed, L.). —Athg has been a great d. to me, molestiam trahere or capere ex qa re. DISAPPROBATION, improbatio (opp. approbatio). dissuasio (dissuading fm ; opp. adhortatio).— reprehen- sio. vituperatio (censure; opp. probatio, laus); shouts of d., acclamatio (see Lat. Diet.). To meet with d., im- probari (not to be approved of); vituperari; in vitupe- rationem venire (to be blamed). DISAPPROVAL, see Disapprobation. DISAPPROVE, non probare. improbare. reprobare (opp. probare, approbare). — damnare. condemnare (con- demn ; opp. approbare). — dissuadere qd or de re (dis- suade fm ; opp. auctorem esse cs rei or adhortari). — reprehendere. vituperare (censure; opp. probare, lau- dare). To d. greatly of athg, qd vehementer reprehen- dere ; valde vituperare. DISARM, exarmare (also impr. = 'to make harm- less ;' e. g. accusationem, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 29). — dear- mare, armis exuere (only prop. ; the first, L. 4, 10). — armis despoliare qm (Cces.). — arma militibus deripere (+ H.). — lenire. mitigare (impr. — to soften down; e.g. aby's wrath, cs iram). DISARRAY, v. || Undress; vid. — || Throw ranks into confusion, turbare (ordines); pertur- bare (exercitum) ; confundere (ordines). DISARRAY, s. || Undress; vid.— |j Disorder, confusion, perturbatio (e. g. exercitus). — ordines incompositi. DISASTER, incommodum (unpleasant, inconvenient occurrence; often as euphemistic tegn for a defeat). — malum, res mala or adversa (evil).— casus adversus or infestus (mischance, mishap). — adversa fortuna (adverse occurrence). — calamitas (misery occasioned by great damage or loss ; also by war). — clades (disastrous oc- currence ; esply of disastrous military occurrence). — A great d. (i. e. disastrous defeat), magna clades atque calamitas: to cause a great d., cladem inferre; mag- nam cladem facere (S.): to bring a great d. upon a stale, %-c, magnam ci (e. g. populo Romano) cladem afTerre : to meet with a d., cladem accipere : a great d., (maximam) calamitatem capere or accipere. D.'s ( = mishaps, mischances), incommoda, pi. ; res adversae or incommodae : to meet with d.'s, in res adversas inct- dere : to meet with nothing but d.'s, multum malarum rerum sustinere ; omnia mala qm consectantur : to bear d.'s, mala ferre or perpeti. calamitates perferre (Ca;s.), tolerare (C), ferre (Np.) ; to save aby fm a d., calamitate prohibere qm : disheartened by these d.'s, his prceliis calamitatibusque fractus. DISASTER, v. See To Blast, Injure, &c. DISASTROUS, miser, calamitosus.— Jn. funestus et calamitosus. — infelix. adversus. malus. luctuosus. gravis, tristis. infestus (Syn. in Calamitous). A d. event, clades. calamitas. — Jn. clades atque calamitas. — incommodum. — malum, casus adversus or infestus : a most d. war, acerbissimum atque calamitosissimum bellum: a d. fire, calamitosum incendium. — Disheart- ened by these d. battles, his prceliis calamitatibusque fractus. — D. times, tempora gravia, iniqua. DISAVOW, abnuere (opp. annuere; to signify by nods, winks, fyc. that a supposition is erroneous ; e. g. abnuere crimen). — infitiari (in Ter. fyc, infitias ire, opp. confiteri ; to deny some fact affecting one's interest; e. g. a debt, infitiari debitum, so infit. depositum, &c). DIS repudiare (to reject ; e. g. consilium).— improbare (to express diapproval of; as in ' to d. parts of the pro- clamation'). — diffiteri {rare ; but Class. ; with ace. only, O. ; diffiteri opus). — non agnoscere qd (opp. confiteri or suum esse dicere). — *negare qd or qm suum esse. — He d.'s all suspicion, negat nee suspicari : to d. the authorship of athg, *diffiteri opus [aft. 0. Am. 3, 14, 28], librum, &c , *negare se qd scripsisse. DISAVOWAL, infitiatio (esply d. of a debt, fyc.).— improbatio (declaration of one's disapproval of a person or thing). — repudiatio {rejection) ; or by Crcl. DISAVOWMENT, see Disavowal. DISBAND, dimittere (milit. v. propr.; e. g. exer- citum, &c). — mittere. missos facere. missionem dare {to give soldiers, fyc. their dismissal).— sacramento or militia solvere {to freefm their obligation to serve). — exauctorare (L. ; not prce-Aug. : in the time of emperors to dismiss those who had served at most 16 years, whereas mittere was applied to those who had served 20 years or more; see T. 1 Ann. 36; Bremi ad Suet. Oct. 24). — That all the troops should be disbanded and sent home, ut omnes milites exauctorati domum dimitterentur (L.): to d. themselves, se exauctorare (L.). — Disbanded, missicius (e. g. missicii Praetoriani, Suet. Ner. 48). DISBARK, see Debark, Disembark. DISBELIEF, prps dubitandi obstinatio (g. t. for unbelief). — diffidentia (want of confident reliance on a statement, fact, fyc. ; e. g. diffidentiam rei simulare, 5. Jug. 60, 5). — Crcl. by non credere : they strength- ened the conspiracy by their d. of its existence, conjura- tionem nascentem non credendo corroboraverunt. DISBELIEVE, non credere. — fidem non habere ci or ci rei (e. g. insanorum visis). — fidem non adjungere ci rei. fidem non tribuere ci rei. — qd verum (esse) non putare. — parvam ci fidem habere (Ter.). — We are not so much to d. the fact, as to inquire into the reasons of it, non tarn fides non habenda, quam ratio quaerenda est : when fables began to be disbelieved, quum fabulis minor haberetur fides. DISBOWEL, exenterare (prca- and post-Class.). DISBURDEN, exonerare (to relieve fm a burden, propr. ; e. g. navem, stomachum, alvum, ventrem; and fig. animum sollicitudine; conscientiam meam, both Curt.). — levare. liberare. solvere (fig. to free fin): to d. oneself of athg, deponere qd (to luy aside; e.g. curas). — expedire se qa re (to extricate oneself fm; e. g. cura) : to d. one's heart (of care), allevare sollicitudines ; animum exonerare sollicitudine (Curt. 4, 13, 22): to d. 07ie's heart ( = make a full statement of what oppresses it), totum se patefacere ci; expromere occulta sua (Ter.): 'to d. a country surcharged with multitude of inhabitants' (Hale), exonerare plebem coloniis deductis (L.) : ' to disburden itself into . . ' (of a river), exonerare se in (with ace. Plin.). DISBURSE, solvere, exsolvere. persolvere.— pen- dere. expendere. — numerare. dinumerare (Com.). dissolvere. — dependere [Syn. in Pay]. — erogare (ask for it out; propr. to take money out of the treasury [ex aerario] aft. application to the people ; the purpose for wch, in with ace. ; e. g. pecuniam in classem ; also of private disbursements ; C. Att. 8, 5, fin.). — promere. depromere (to take out ; deprom. qd ex area, ex aerario). DISBURSEMENT, erogatio (rare, but Class. ; pecu- niae, C). — solutio (act of paying, C). — pensio (pay- ment ; of several ; e. g. prima pensio). — g^gff" expensio post-Class. (Cod. Theod.) DISBURSER, Crcl. qui erogat, &c. gg^erogator, solutor, late. — divisor, agent who disburses money in bribes to electors. DISC, discus (the d. or quoit of the ancients). — orbis (any round but flat body). — The sun's or moon's d., orbis solis, lunae (see Plin. 2, 9, 6). DISCARD, || Cast off a person, dimittere qm (e.g. a soldier or servant). — repudiare (to reject, fyc; e. g. istos comites, Plaut. ; duces, Cces.). — To d. a friend, removere se ab amicitia cs (C. Lcel. 21, 77) or a qo (C. Att. 4, 8, 6, § 3) ; repudiare amicitiam cs (C.) ; defi- cere ab amicitia cs (Np. Con. 2) ; renunciare amicitiam ci (L.). — 1| Reject or get rid of a thing, rejicere (e. g. socordiam, Plaut.).— rejicere et aspernari (C). — re- movere (e. g. avaritiam, superbiam, S. ; moram, Plaut. ; sumptum, C). — repudiate (e. g. iracundiam, virtutem, &c.) ; Jn. spernere et repudiare. repudiate rejicereque. —exuere (to strip off athg, humanitatem omnem; feri- tatem, &c). — nuncium remittere ci rei (to divorce one- self fm it; e. g. virtuti, C). — relegare (to banish, f am- bitionem, H.): to d. the feelings of humanity, omnem humanitatem exuere : to d. all suspicion, suspicionem deponere : whatever suspicion one has entertained, (250) DIS omnem offensionem 6uspicionis, quam habuerat qs, deponere : to d. anxiety, exonerare animum sollicitu- dine. DISCERN, discernere (Curt. ; see an object so as to distinguish it fm others; qd or qm ; qd or qm a qo); dispicere (propr.; mly neut.; fig. of the mind, with ace.) ; Jn. discernere et dispicere. — internoscere (to know an object amongst others, fm wch one distinguishes ^)-— ISP" ' To discern one thing fm another,' or ' between one thing and another,' is either discernere or internoscere hoc et illud, or hoc ab il-lo ; e. g. to d. black fm white, alba et atra discernere (so probanda atque improbanda ; insidiatorem et petitum insidiis) : to d. between panthers and pards, disc, pan- theras a pardis (so id quod visum erat a falso, C). — His blinded intellect discerned none of these things, horum nihil dispexit caecata mens : to d. between a true and a false friend, secernere blandum amicum a vero et internoscere : to d. a deserving person fm an undeserving one, internoscere dignum et indignum. — ESlF discernere, internoscere, &c. may also have a dependent interrog. clause; e.g. internoscere visa vera sint ilia, an falsa (C); animus discernit, quid sit ejusdem generis, quid alterius (C). — 1| See clearly, cernere. videre [Syn. in See]. — Jn. cernere et videre. — sentire ac videre (of mental perception ; ace. and inf.). DISCERNIBLE, aspectabilis. quod cerni potest, quod aspectu sentitur. quod in cernendi sensum cadit. — conspicuus. oculis subjectus (plainly d.): to be d., oculis cerni ; cadere sub aspectum or sub oculos, or in cernendi sensum ; aspectu sentiri : to become d., sub aspectum venire, in conspectum dari. apparere. — ocu- lis subjici. — se aperire (of stars, 8cc). To make d., sub- jicere oculis or sub oculos or sub aspectum. dare in conspectum. Too small to be d., minor, quam ut cerni possit : the light of the sun causes the stars themselves to be no longer d., in sole sidera ipsa desinunt cerni (Q.). DISCERNIBLY, manifesto.— ita ut facile appareat. DISCERNING, intelligens (understanding, having a sound judgement, $c; e. g. intelligentium judicium, opp. vulgi judicium). — acutus. acer. — perspicax. sagax. — [Syn. in Sagacious, vid.] DISCERNMENT, || The distinguishing be- tween objects, distinctio (e. g. veri a falso, C). — || Intelligent insight into things, intelligentia (understanding ; survey taken by means of it, and dis- tinct knowledge thereby acquired, cs rei). — perspicientia (a seeing through, clear understanding, veri, C. Off. \, 5, 14). — prudentia. sapientia (higher d., thus distin- guished by C. in philosophy ; that sapientia is d. of the nature of God and mankind, and the relations in wch these stand to each other; but prudentia, the knowledge of that wch we should choose as good, and avoid as evil ; cf. Off. 1, 43, 153; of athg, cs rei).— judicium (faculty of judging ; then judgement founded on knowledge). — cognitio (clear knowledge and d. acquired in a thing; in athg, cs rei) : want of d., imprudentia : a man of great d.. vir prudentissimus ; vir multi or magni con- stlii ; vir consilii plenus : men of education and d., viri docti et eruditi: nothing escapes his d., nihil est, quod non perspiciat : with d., sapienter; prudenter: to have or possess d., intelligentia valere or praestare (esply great d.) : to possess understanding and d., ratio- nis et intelligentiae participem esse : to possess great d., prudenter intelligere (e.g. of an orator ; C. Brut. 6, 23): to possess deep d., alta mente praeditum esse : to possess more d. than some one, plus, quam qs, habere pruden- tiae : to have d. in athg, intelligentiam cs rei habere : to have a clear d. of a thing, plane videre qd. DISCERP, discerpere. DISCERPIBLE, quod discerpi, dirimi, or distrahi potest (C). The soul is not d., animus nee secerni, nee dividi, nee discerpi, nee distrahi potest (C). A body that is not d., corpus, quod dirimi distrahive non potest. DISCERPIBILITY, Crcl. To deny the d. of the soul, *negare animum discerpi posse. DISCERPTION, divulsio (late ; Hieron.). DISCHARGE, || Emission of a fluid, efflu- vium (the flowing out ; e. g. humoris ex corpore, Plin.). — profluvium (the flowing forth; e.g. sanguinis; alvi, &c). — fluxio (Class. Freund. ; of blood fm the nose, sanguinis e naribus, Plin. ; fm the eyes, oculorum, Plin.). — II Dismissal, missio (v. pr. of soldiers; Obs. missio gratiosa as a favour, honesta after the full time of service, causaria on account of illness, inflrtnity, fyc., justa or injusta with or without good reasons, igno- miniosa as a disgrace). — dimissio (of servants or sol- DIS dicrs). — To give aby his d., dimittere qm ; missionem dare ci ; exauctorare qm (exauct. was used, in the limes of the empire, of soldiers who had served but 16 years at most; mittere, &c, of those who had served 20 years or more; v. T. Ann. 1, 36 : comp. Bremi Suet. Oct. 24). — qm militia or sacramento solvere : to give aby his d. as a mark of disgrace, cum ignominia dimittere qm ; qm ignominiae causa removere ab exercitu : to receive one's d., dimitti; missio datur ci; militia or sacramento solvi : to demand one's d., missionem postulare or ex- poscere; missionem efflagitare (in a violent manner) : to apply for one's d., missionem rogare. — || Dis- charge of artillery, %c, emissio (e. g. tormenta telorum emissiones habent, C); or Crcl. by *tormen- tum (or -a) mittere or emittere : d.'s of artillery in honour of aby, *tormenta honoris causa emissa : to salute aby with d.'s of artillery, *tormenta honoris causa emittere (to fire a salute). — 1| Discharge in consequence of an acquittal, absolutio (g. t. with gen. of the charge). — liberatio (the act of freeing, or the being freed). DISCHARGE, v. trans.) || Unload, exonerare (e. g. a ship's cargo, exon. navem or navigium; gSgT but exinanire nav. is an opprobr. expression ; exon. plaustrum). — exinanire (to empty; navem, used oppro- briously, C. ; onustum vehiculum, PHn.). — 1| Im- propr.— a) To pay ; to d. a debt, aes alienurn solvere or dissolvere ; aere alieno exire : to d. debts, debita solvere ; nomina dissolvere, exsolvere, expedire : to d. a debt by taking up money, versura solvere or dissol- vere : to d. one's debts, liberare se sere alieno: to d. his debts wholly or in part, liberare aut levare se aere alieno : to call upon aby to d. a debt, nomen exigere : to d. the debt of nature, debitum naturae reddere : to d. the debt we owe to our country, solvo patriae, quod debeo. — /3) To perform a duty, get rid of an obligation ; to d. a duty, officium praestare or facere or exsequi: to d. every particular of one's duty, nullam officii partem deserere [more under Duty] ; officio suo fungi ; officio suo satisfacere (seld., and not in C, ex- plore omcium ; implere officii sui partes) : to d. a duty conscientiously, *munere sibi delato religiose fungi : not to d. a duty, officio suo deesse ; deserere officii sui partes ; ab officio suo decedere, recedere : to d. a com- mission, mandatum conficere, perficere, peragere, ex- sequi, persequi : in the most accurate manner, exhau- rire mandatum. — y) To let off a gun, fyc, telum mittere, emittere, permittere (the last, so as to hit the mark) : to d. guns, tormenta mittere or emittere (|g§p° tormenta bellica explodere or displodere, not Lat.): to d. an arrow, sagittam expellere arcu (t). — 1| Dismiss (a soldier), qm militia or sacramento solvere ; qm ex- auctorare; qm dimittere (g. t. soldiers or servants); to ask to be discharged, missionem postulare. — 1| To Dis- charge itself (of rivers, fyc); in mare effundi, or se efFundere ; in mare fluere or effluere ; in mare erum- pere.— in mare, &c. sese exonerare (Plin.). DISCHARGE, intrans.) A wound d.'s, pus exit, effluit, or effunditur ex vulnere. DISCIPLE, s. discipulus.— auditor (a hearer ; e. g. Theophrasti). Jn. auditor et discipulus (C.).— assecla (follower, hanger on, but only with contemptuous mean- * n 9- — (5^'sectator, assectator not till silv. age). — D.'s of Aristotle, Zeno, S;c., ab Aristotele, a Zenone profecti : our friends the d.'s of Plato and Aristotle, nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele : to be a d. of aby, discipline or institutione cs uti ; uti qo magistro ; qm magistrum habere (to have aby for one's master); qm audire (to attend aby's lectures) ; esse or profectum esse a qo (to belong to his school of philosophy). — qm sequi or persequi (to receive his doctrines) : to become aby's d., tradere se ci in disciplinam. — The Romans used to ex- press the d.'s of aby by an attributive; the d.'s of Pytha- goras, Socrates, 8,-c, Pythagoraei, Socratici, &c. DISCIPLE, v. 'disciplina. or ad disciplinam infor- mare qm. — *ad legem or disciplinam instituere qm. *religione imbuere qm. «institutionibus suis erudire qm. DISCIPLESHIP, Crcl. — discipulatus (very late; Tertull.). DISCIPLINARIAN. A strict d., severissimi im- perii vir.— diligens imperii (Np. Con. 1, 2).— diligens disciplines (Veil. 1, 6). DISCIPLINE, s. disciplina.— Want of d., immodes- tia. mtemperajitia (want of subordination ; e. g. amongst soldiers).— licentia. (want of restraint, licence). — Bad domestic d., mala domestica disciplina: to subject aby to severe d., qm severius coercere; qm tristiore disci- plina continere : to preserve strict d., disciplinam severe regere : in his family he preserved, in little and great (251) DIS things alike, not only a strict but even a severe d., do- mesticam disciplinam in parvis et majoribus rebus dili- genter adeo severeque rexit : is this your d. ? or what d. is this ? quinam sunt hi mores ? quaenam ista licentia est? — 1| Military discipline, discipl. militiae or rei militaris (Z.). disciplina militaris (J^^TIn this sense never disciplina bellica, i. e. the art of war). — militiae disciplina; fm context, disciplina only : severe military d., disciplina severa ; disciplina severitasque : bad military d., disciplina solutior or laxior : to preserve strict military d., disciplinam militarem severe conser- vare (L. 39, 6); disciplinam militarem severe regere (aft. Suet. Cces. 48) ; disciplinam acerrime exigere (Suet. Tib. 19). — 'milites severa disciplina coercere : to introduce too severe a military d., disciplinam mili- tarem praefractius et rigidius astringere (Val. Max. 9, 7, 7) : military d. relaxes, ceases, disciplina solvitur or dissolvitur or prolabitur (L.) : to relax, §c. military d., disciplinam militarem solvere (L.), resolvere (C); dis- ciplinam severitatemque dissolvere (Auct. B. Afr. 65). — L. Scipio preserved a strict military d., disciplina militaris a Lucio Scipione severe conservabatur (L. 39, 6): want of d., immodestia. intemperantia : to restore the ancient military d., disciplinam militarem restituere (L.) or ad priscos mores redigere; antiquam duram militiam revocare (T.) : to preserve d., milites coercere et in officio continere. DISCIPLINE, v. To d. aby, qm regendum susci- pere : to d. troops, milites coercere et in officio conti- nere (of preserving d. amongst them). — *exercitum justae militiae or militari disciplines assuefacere. — Dis- ciplined troops, exercitus parentior : well-disciplined troops, milites optima disciplina instituti (L.). DISCLAIM, renunciare ci rei; also qd ci (to give up as if by a formal declaration ; e. g. the Stoics, Stoicis ; public business, publicis officiis ; aby's friendship, ami- citiam ci).— dimittere or remittere qd (to let athg.go) : to d. an opinion, remittere opinionem animo (to give up an opinion one has entertained) ; sententiam asper- nari or contemnere (despise it). — repudiare (to reject; e.g. consilium). — improbare. (omnino)non probare (not to approve of). — spernere. aspernari (to despise and therefore reject). — recusare (to refuse; e. g. amicitiam populi Romani). — abjicere qd (to fling it away; e. g. honorem et gloriam). — infitiari qd (esply a debt). — negare. pernegare (the latter rare ; to deny). — $^T A substantive aft. disclaim is often translated by an inf. aft. negare : he disclaimed any intention of not respect- ing their territories, fines eorum se violaturum nega- vit: he d.'s all recollection, negat sememinisse; all knowledge of, scisse se, id vero pernegat (Ter.); negat se scire: he d.'s all suspicion of, negat nee suspicari (C.) : to d. a son, abdicare filium : aby's jurisdiction, imperium cs detrectare; dominationem cs detrectare. DISCLAIMER, || One who disclaims, detrecta- tor (post-Class. Petr. Aus.). — infitiator (one who denies a deposit or debt).— ggp° repudiator (Tert.) and impro- bator, very late. — 1| Plea of denial, negatio (denial). negatio infitiatioque facti (C). DISCLOSE, aperire (open ; g. t. in almost every sense of 'disclose'). — pandere. expandere (to open; of flowers, %c, florem). — nudare. retegere (to d. thoughts, secrets, fyc). — expromere. in medium proferre (to publish for the advantage, $c. of others). — manifestum facere. patefacere (to reveal ; e.g. a crime, plot, fyc). — enun- ciare. vulgare. in lucem proferre (to reveal what one should keep secret). — communicare qd cum qo (to com- municate it to him, consilium suum cum qo). — prodere (to betray). — detegere (co?nmon aft. Aug. age; does not occur in Cces. ; C. joins patefactus et detectus ; insi- dias, L.; consilium, L. ; mentem, Q. ; animi secreta, Q.). — indicare (e. g. rem patri, Ter. ; ci de epistolis). — indicium cs rei afferre ad qm (C); indicium deferre ad qm (T. ; to d. a crime to a magistrate ; of an accom- plice). — To d. to aby all one's secrets, omnia arcana apud qm expromere : to d. the secrets of one's heart, animi arcana proferre : he d.'s his opinion, sententiam suam aperit : to the captain of the vessel who he is, domino navis, quis sit, aperit: to d. the mysteries, enunciare mysteria : to d. itself, se aperire (g. t. and esply of flowers'). — se pandere ; florem expandere (of flowers). — dehiscere (Plin. ; of the rose). — se detegere (to discover itself ; e. g. mores — se detegunt): we must ivait till the thing d.'s itself, exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiat. — jgSp^For disclosing thoughts, fyc, recludere and reserare are almost entirely poet. DISCLOSURE, indicium (d. of a crime to a magis- trate; e. g. conjurationis). — patefactio (e.g. rerum opertarum, C. ; very rare). — delatio (d. of a crime to a magistrate) : to make a d. to aby, demonstrare or sig- DIS nificare qd ci.— communicare qd cum qo.— certiorem qm facere de re. — indicium cs rei ad qm afferre. — indi- cium deferre ad qm. See To Disclose. — Often by Crcl. ; Alcibiades saw that he should gain much popu- larity by this d., sensit Alcibiades, id si aperuisset, magnam se initurum gratiam (Np. Ale. 9, 5): if the d. of this conspiracy is due to me, ista conjuratio si patefacta per me est. DISCOLORATION, decoloratio (C.).— coloris muta- tio. DISCOLOUR, decolorare; with athg, qa re.— colo- rem cs rei vitiare {Sen. ; as definition of decolorare). — colorem cs rei mutare or immutaie (of a simple change of colour). — splendorem cs rei maculare {used figura- tively by C). — To be d., discolorari. — colorem mutare (of a state, colorem mutasse). — A discoloured corpse, decoloratum corpus mortui (Auct. Kerenn.). DISCOMFIT, v. See To Defeat. DISCOMFITURE, DISCOMFIT, s. See Defeat, s. DISCOMFORT, s. mala corporis affectio (bodily d.). • — incommodum. incommoditas (athg that is inconve- nient, disagreeable, annoying; the latter mly post- Aug.). — (animi) perturbatio (uneasiness of mind). — cura (un- easiness, apprehension). — sollicitudo (anxiety). — anger (distress and anguish of mind fm apprehension of an im- pending evil). — aegritudo (distress of mind, caused by a present evil). — molestia (trouble; depression of spirits). ' — I8§f° inquietudo post-Aug. (Sen.) — To suffer d., in- commodum capere or accipere. qo affici incommodo (to suffer any inconvenience, annoyance, fyc). — molestiam trahere (ex qa re) ; molestiam capere ; perturbari ; com- moveri ; permoveri ; sollicitum esse de re : nothing caused me more d. than, fyc, nihil me magis sollicitabat, quam, &c. : to cause any d. to aby, ci qd sollicitudinis afferre (any anxiety); molestiam ci aspergere (C.) or afferre (Ter,); ci qd incommodi importare ; qm qo incommodo afficere (to cause him any annoyance, in- convenience, hurl, fyc); without d., sine incommodo; sine molestia : ' to bear athg without d.,' qd aequo animo ferre : to our great d., nostro incommodo: to suffer no d., incommodi nihil accipere. See Uneasi- ness. DISCOMFORT, v. qm perturbare, commovere, per- movere ; qm or cs animum conturbare (to distress, agi- tate, %c). — sollicitare qm or sollicitum facere. — ci qd sollicitudinis afferre (cause him anxiety). — agitare qm or cs animum (to agitate him). — molestiam ci asper- gere (trouble him). — incommodi qd importare ci. ci incommodare (cause him inconvenience, annoyance). — J^g° inquietare (Sen. Plin.). DISCOMMEND, improbare. See To Blame, To Censure. DISCOMMENDATION, improbatio. See Blame, Censure. DISCOMMODE, see Incommode. DISCOMMODIOUS, see Incommodious, Incon- venient. DISCOMMODITY, see Inconvenience. DISCOMPOSE, dissolvere (opp. conglutinare; e.g. concordiam, amicitias; so Clarendon speaks of ' discom- posing confidence ' ). DISCOMPOSURE, turbidus motus (C. Tusc. 1, 33, init.). — perturbatio (esply of the mind, animi). — animi (or mentis) concitatio (excited state of the mind). — aestus (unsettled state of mental doubt and perplexity).— angor. sollicitudo. molestia. aegritudo (Syn. in Anxiety). — §§g|rinquies (opp. quies) very rare; nocturna, Plin. DISCONCERT, || Disarrange, defeat plans, schemes, 8fc, conturbare (throw in confusion; e. g. ci omnes rationes). — perimere (utterly destroy or defeat, cs consilium, C). — pervertere (overthrow; e.g. spem, consilia). — infringere. confringere (to break to pieces ; infr. conatus cs, Cces. ; confr. consilia, C.).— discutere (to shake to pieces ; to defeat, an attempt, rem, C. L. ; consilia, Front.). — dirimere (consilium, S.). — To be dis- concerted (of a plan, fyc), irritum fieri : ad irritum cadere, recldere, or venire ; spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur : thus was this attempt disconcerted, ita frustra id inceptum iis fuit. — || Unsettle a person's mind, fyc, animum perturbare, perterrere; qm or cs animum conturbare ; animum cs de statu or de sede sua demovere ; animum cs perterritum loco et certo de statu demovere ; mentem e sede sua et statu demo- vere ; percutere qm : to d. aby by the quickness of one's resolution, qm consilio opprimere (C. Ccecin. 14, 44) : to be disconcerted, de gradu or de statu suo dejici ; de statu suo discedere, demigrare; mente conefdere; perturbari; animo consternari (Cces.); by athg, qa re : to be disconcerted (of a continuing state), sui or mentis or animi non compotem esse ; minus compotem esse (252) DIS sui; mente vix constare: not to allow oneself to be disconcerted, non dejici se de gradu pati ; by athg, non perturbari in re, nee de gradu dejici, ut dicitur, sed praesenti animo uti et constanti (C. Off. 1, 23, 80); also aequo animo ferre qd : being quite disconcerted, defi- ciente consilio : though disconcerted by this blow he still held out, hac ille percussus plaga non succubuit (Np. Bum. 1). DISCONCERTED, perturbatus. confusus : to be d., perturbari de qa re : to look d., ore esse confuso : to look utterly d., ore confuso magnae perturbationis notas prae se ferre. DISCONFORMITY, see Disagreement. DISCONGRUITY, see Uncongruity, Disagree- ment. DISCONNECT, disjungere. sejungere. separare. segregare. dirimere. divellere. distrahere. dividere (Syn. in Separate; vid.). DISCONNEXION, sejunctio (fm athg, a qa re).— disjunctio (fm athg, cs rei). — separatio. abruptio (vio- lent breaking off; e. g. of a marriage). — distractio (Syn. in Separation ; vid.). DISCONSOLATE, || Destitute of comfort, $c, a spe alienus. — spe destitutus. — cujus dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest. To be d., jacere; *nihil consolationis admittere ; esseperculsoet abjecto animo (to be quite dispirited); jacere or versari in maerore (both C); vincit omnem consolationem dolor. — $§f° Inconsolabilis, poet. Ov., but impropr. inconsolabile vulnus. — To look d., vultu maesto uti ; vultu maesto or tristi esse; vultu animi dolorem prae se ferre [See Dejected]. — 1| Not affording comfort ; cheer- less, injucundus. — *omni vitae commoditate destitu- tus. 'Disconsolate darkness,' tetrae tenebrae. *tristes tenebrae. DISCONSOLATELY, insolabiliter (only once; H.). — afflicto or fracto animo. — demisso fractoque animo. — tristi animo. DISCONTENT, s. animus non contentus or male contentus (but seld. absol. ; mly with abl. suo, suis rebus, sorte sua, &c). — Sts molestia. offensio. aegri- tudo. odium cs rei, &c. — To feel d., pcenitet qm rerum suarum ; at athg, non contentum esse qa re ; segre or moleste ferre qd ; molestiam ex qa re capere ; offendi qare; offensionem accipere ; ad qam rem offensionem habere et fastidium (C.) : fm d. at their own lot, odio rerum suarum (5.). — See Dissatisfaction. DISCONTENT, adj. See Discontented. DISCONTENT, v. *facere or efficere, ut qm for- tunae suae or rerum suarum pceniteat.— qm ex tran- quillo iratum facere (aft. Plaut. Cist. 3, 21). DISCONTENTED, sua sorte non contentus (dissa- tisfied with one's lot, condition, fyc). — morosus (peevish, hard to please, in general). — rerum mutationis cupidus; regis inimicus (of political discontent ; the former refer- ring to the constitution or state of affairs, the latter to the person of the prince). — To be d., sua sorte non con- tentum esse (with one's lot or condition); se finibus suarum rerum non continere(reo£ to be satisfied to remain in one's original sphere or state); novis rebus studere; novas res quaerere (of political discontent) : d. with athg, non contentus qa re. indignans or indignatus qd (indignant at it): to be d. with athg, non contentum esse qa re ; graviter, moleste, or aegre ferre ; iniquo ani- mo ferre qd (C. ; Jg^fTinique ferre, late ; Suet. Lactant.). — qm pcenitet cs rei; accusare qd. damnare qd (to find fault with ; e.g. Darius was d. with all that his generals had done, Darius, quae per duces suos acta erant, cuncta damnabat, Curt.). — indignari qd (to be indignant at it). —To make aby d.; see To Discontent; Dissatis- fied. DISCONTINUANCE, \ intermissio. omissio. ces- DISCONTINUATION, J satio. intercapedo [Syn. in Cessation]. The long d. of athg, longis intervallis interrupta res (e. g. consuetudo, C). DISCONTINUE, omittere. dimittere (to leave off entirely). — abjicere (to give up, not to continue). — desi- nere (to practise no longer ; e.g. artem). — desistere re or a re (to desist fm a thing). — intermittere (to leave off for some time). — tollere, abolere (to remove, abolish) : to d. a siege; see Siege. — tod. a journey, iter supprimere : to d. a building, aedificationem abjicere : to d. a war, ab armis recedere : to d. a custom, morem solvere or abrogare: to d. a dissolute course of life, dissolution vitae modum ponere. DISCONTINUOUS, interruptus. interceptus. inter- missus (e. g. planities collibus intermissa).— non con- tinuus. — rei or rebus non continuatus et junctus. DISCORD, || Profr.) In music, discrepans in fidibus aut tibiis concentus (see C. de Rep. 2, 42), or by DIS neut. of dissbnus and absbnus, or Crcl. ; as, absonum, dissbnum quiddara canere : to perceive no d. in athg, in qa re nihil absonum deprehendere : a good ear perceives the slightest d. in instrumental music, in fidibus, quamquam paullum discrepent, tamen id a sciente animadverti solet : to guard agst any possible d., videre, ne forte quid discrepet. — ]| Fig.) Want of agreement, symmetry, discrepantia (See C. Off. 1, 31, 111). — || Disagreement, discordia. dissensio. simultas. dissidium (^^ Not discidium). See Dis- agreement. — To sow the seeds of d., to sow d., dis- cordiam concitare; semina discordiarum, or odiorum, jacere (spargere). — discordias serere; among citizens, civiles discordias serere ; civium dissensiones commo- vere or accendere : now at last let all d. cease, sit discordiarum finis aliquando. DISCORD, v. discordare (a qa re ; a se ; one with another, inter se). — dissidere (with ab, cum, inter se ; or absol.). — dissonare (very rare; not prce-Aug. Vitr. and Col.).— discrepare (seld. propr. ab, cum ; sibi, inter se, or absol.). — ' The one jarring and discording with the other'' (Bacon), discordes inter se. See To Dis- agree. DISCORDANCE, see Discord. DISCORDANT, || Propr.) Of sounds, discors (e. g. symphonia, H. ; but mly impropr.). — absbnus. dissbnus (the former with ref. to the right note or key, or to a pleasant sound; the latter, to its disagreement with the other notes, instruments, voices, 8fc). — 1{ Im- propr.) Disagreeing with, 8,-c, discors (absol.; secum ipse; in pi. inter se, with each other; also dat. rilius patri, Veil. ; in athg, qa re).— absbnus (with ab, or [ — alienus, 'inconsistent with'] with dat. absbni a voce motus ; abson. fidei divinae originis, both L.). — dissbnus (not proz-Aug. ; nor in V. H. or O. ; first in L. ; ab or absol. ; in athg, qa re). — vix or non satis con- sbnus (cf. C. Att. 4, 16). — discrepans. dissentiens. dis- sfdens. non congruens (Syn. in Disagree). To be d. ; see To Discord. — 1| = At variance with itself, a se ipse disstdens secumque discordans (C). DISCOUNT, v. *repraesentare pecuniam, deduc- tione or decessione qa. facta.— *pecuniam in anteces- sum dare (Sen.) deductione (or decessione) qa facta, or cum qa deductione. To get a bill, 8>-c. discounted, jac- turam qam facere in repraesentando (i. e. to give up part of a sum due, on condition of immediate payment ; C. Att. 12, 29, 3). DISCOUNT, s. *jactura in repraesentando facta (aft. C. Att. 12, 29, 3) or *deductio propter pecuniam reprae- sentatam or in antecessum datam facta. To pay d., jacturam facere in repraesentando (C. Att. 12, 29, 3): to take d., *deducere qd propter pecuniam in anteces- sum datam. DISCOUNTENANCE, v. || Put out of counte- nance, pudorem ci injicere or incutere (t). — ruborem ci afferre (T. ; to shame aby; make him blush). — con- fundere qm or cs animum (disconcert him). — 1| Dis- courage; afford no countenance to, improbare qd. non probare qd (not to approve of). — aversari qd or qm or (Plin.) aversari et damnare qm (in Aur. Vict., vultu notare aversato). — averso or alieno a qo animo esse (C). — aversum esse ci rei (H.) or (better in prose) a qa re (e. g. mercaturis, H.). — a qo alienum or alienio- rem esse. — ci non aequum esse. — qd non aequis oculis aspicere (t V.). — ci non favere (not to support or encou- rage him). — respuere qm or qd. — qm aspernari et re- spuere (to despise and reject him). — averso animo exci- pere qm (to receive him with marks of dislike, fyc. ; T. Hist. 4, 80). ' DISCOUNTENANCE, s. animus aversus or (Sen.) aversior. improbatio (disapproval, rejection). To show d. ; see To Discountenance. DISCOURAGE, || To deprive of courage, de- press, frangere qm or cs animum (opp. erigere). — cs animum infringere, affligere or percellere. — spem ci eripere or auferre. — animum or spem cs debilitare. To be discouraged, cadere animis (of one, animo; un- less verb is pi.; C). — animo (or, of more than one, ani- mis) conctdere (B. G. 8, 19; wch, however, Herzog says is loo strong, and almost affected). — percelli (per- culsum esse, of the stale). — desperare (to despair). — animum demittere or despondere ; se animo demit- tere (Cccs. B. G. 7, 29).— animo deficere (Cais. B. G. 7, 30). Jn. debilitari animumque demittere (ft de Fin. 5, 16). To begin to be discouraged, animus labat. He exhorted them not to be too much discouraged, cohorta- tus est, ne se admodum animo demitterent. — 1| Dis- suade or deter fm, deterrere, absterrere qm a or de re (or with ne, quin, quominus). — repellere or avertere qm a re (see Deter). — dehortari qm a re (or with ne ; (253) DIS to dissuade fm). — dissuadere qd or de re, or ne qs faciat qd. avocare qm a re.— $gg* Not dissuadere ci qd, wch occurs first in Sen. DISCOURAGEMENT, || Act of discouraging, dissuading, fyc, dissuasio cs rei (act of dissuading ; very rare : once C. and Auct. Herenn— |^g°dehor- tatio very late ; Tertull.). — avocatio a re or re facienda (act of calling one off fm athg ; very rare ; once ft). — || Thing wch discourages, res, quae qm (ceteros, &c.) terret ; res, quae qm or cs animum frangit, percel- lit, &c. ; res, quae qm deterret, absterret, repellit or avertit a re. — impedimentum (hindrance). To conquer d.'s, invictum esse ad ea, quae ceteros terrent (Curt.); impedimenta superare : to remove all d.'s, removere omnia, quae obstant et impediunt. DISCOURAGER, dissuasor (dissuader ; cs rei). Mly by Crcl. qui dehortatur, deterret, &c. a re. See Dis- courage. DISCOURSE, s. || Rational power of draw- ing inferences, %c, ratio, intelligentia. — Jn. ratio et (or atque) intelligentia. — 1| Conversation; vid. — 1| A discourse, = a regular speech uttered or written, oratio (g. t.). — concio (delivered to an assembly of the people, soldiers, 8,-c). — sermo doctus (learned d.): short d., oratiuncula: to deliver a d., ora- tionem habere, agere or dicere (g. tt.) ; concionari, concionem habere (to the people, soldiers, %c): to com- pose a d., orationem facere or conficere : to prepare a d., orationem meditari or commentari: to read a d., deliver a written d., orationem de scripto dicere (see Speech). — 1| Tredtise, dissertation, fyc, sermo (delivered orally; on any subject, de qa re habitus). — disputatio.— liber. See Treatise. DISCOURSE, v. confabulari cum qo ; sermones serere or caedere (kotttciv \6yovs or prip-ara, of several persons conversing together, Comic). — disputare, dis- serere (to treat of subjects in philosophy, %c): to d. secretly on any dangerous subject, occultis sermonibus serere qd (L. 7, 39, init.). DISCOURTEOUS, inurbanus (unpolite).— inhuma- nus (of persons or things). — agrestis (of persons or things) ; Jn. agrestis et inhumanus (of things ; e.g. negligentia). illepidus (of disagreeable persons). — inofficiosus (not ready to perform the duties of civility to those to whom it is due; to aby, in qm, ft). — To be d., ab humanitate abhorrere (of aby' s character); inhumaniter facere (of a single act). DISCOURTEOUSLY, inurbane, rustice. — inhu- maniter (ft) — illepide. DISCOURTEOUSNESS, inhumanitas. inurbanitas. rusticitas [Syn. in Incivility]. — mores inculti or rustici. DISCOURTESY, see Discourteousness. I won- dered at his d., in setting off without offering to convey any letters to you, miratus sum istum tarn inhumaniter fecisse, ut sine meis litteris ad te proficisceretur. DISCOVER, || Find; find out, vid. — || Dis- close; vid. DISCOVERABLE, Crcl. quod inveniri, reperiri, excogitari potest. Athg is easily d., qd excogitationem non habet difficilem (C). DISCOVERER, inventor, fern, inventrix. — qui in- venit qd (e. g. fruges, novam voluptatem. H§J>° reper- tor is poet, and post-Class). — auctor (first introducer, $c.).— parens (t e.g. lyrae, H.).— architectus (one who con- structs, devises, fyc. athg). — Jn. architectus et princeps. architectus et machinator (the latter of something bad). — index (of one who discloses a plot, fyc. ; informer). — The d.'s of sculpture, fingendi conditores : a d. of new words, inventor novorum verborum. See Author. DISCOVERY, || Act of finding out, inventio.— excogitatio (by thought, contrivance, #c). — investigatio (the tracing it out till found) ; Jn. inventio atque exco- gitatio. — Often by partcp. : the Egyptians claim the d. of medicine, medicinam iEgyptii apud ipsos volunt re- pertam (Plin.). — Long before the d. of the arts, multo ante inventas artes : to make a d., invenire qd; cs rei auctorem esse.— excogitare qd (to make it out ; devise it). — animadvertere, deprendere qd (notice it, and so detect it). See also below. || Thing discovered, inventum. res inventa. — res excogitata (cleverly de- vised).— axs nova (new device ; Np.).— commentum (an imaginary d. ; in L. ; and afterwards 'an invention;' e.g. mechanicum, Suet.). — quod qs invenit, excogitavit, &c. — 1$*^" ' A discovery' is never inventio, but inven- tum. It is better to join it with an adverb (e. g. useful d.'s, bene, utiliter, &c. inventa ; brilliant d.'s, divinitus inventa) ; but sometimes an adj. is found ; e. g. optima inventa, Q. 5, 12, 19. — A petty or trifling d., (minuta) inventiuncula. — To make a d. ; see DIS above. To make many d.'s in athg and apply them to practice, multa in qa, re nova afferre (Np.). No d. is perfected at once, nihil est simul et inventum et per- fectum : not to publish one's brilliant d.'s, *quae quis divinitus excogitavit in lucem non proferre : to be acquainted with the d.'s of modern philosophy, *novae philosophise inventa tenere : our forefathers made many splendid d.'s, multa a patribus divinitus inventa sunt. A voyage of d., *navigatio novarum terrarum inve- niendarum or cognoscendarum causa suscepta (iter — susceptum for a traveller). — To make a voyage of d., ♦nova quaerentem navigare. *nova quaerere. No d.'s of man can equal the operations of nature, nemo opi- fex naturae solertiam imitando consequi potest (C). A talent for d., ingenium ad excogitandum acutum. animus sollers. — 1| Disc I o sure, indicium (of an in- former, <§-c.) — enunciatio {of what ought to be kept secret). See Disclosure. DISCREDIT, s. || Want of credit (= reputa- tion), dedecus. probrum. Jn. probrum et dedecus. ignominia et dedecus. dedecus et infamia. macula et dedecus [Syn. in Disgrace]. To be a d., qd infamiam habet or infert; fit qd dedecori; to aby, qd ci est tur- pitudini or ignominiae or probro or infamiae or dede- cori or probro : aby is a d. to me, qs mihi est dedecori or maculae et dedecori ; qs me dedecorat : to be a d. to one's family, familiam dedecorare : to be no d. to the Antonines, nou deesse nomini Antoninorum : to be in d., existimationem perdidisse (to have suffered loss of repu- tation) ;• in invidia esse (to be unpopular ; of a public character) : to fall into d., in dedecus incurrere (C). — de existimatione sua qd perdere, deperdere; existi- mationis detrimentum or jacturam facere (to suffer a loss of reputation); auctoritatem, dignitatem amittere. dignitatis jacturam facere (to suffer loss of rank, $c.) ; in invidiam venire, invidiam subire (to suffer loss of popularity; of a public character) : to bring d. upon aby ; aby into d., de fama cs detrahere (to injure his reputation); cs auctoritatem levare (to lessen his in- fluence) ; invidiam ci facere, conflare (make him un- popular). — cs famam dehonestare (to cause loss of repu- tation) : to the d. (of), cum probro et dedecore : to our d., cum nostro dedecore : to think athg a d. to aby, ducere ci qd probro. — 1| Want of credit( = belief), fides parva, afliicta, atfecta (diminished confidence in aby's honour). — Athg has been brought into d., minor ci rei habetur fides (e. g. fabulis) : to bring athg into d., abrogare fidem ci rei (e. g. quae res fid. abr. orationi, C); imminuere cs rei fidem (e. g. orationis, C): to bring aby into d., infirmare fidem cs or ci (C); cs fidem minuere ; fidem or fidem et auctoritatem dero- gare ci rei (of some personal quality; e. g. cs virtuti, generi, &c.).— *facere or eflicere, ut ci rei minor habea- tur fides: fidem levare (+ H. ; multa fidem promissa levant): the suspicion of fraud throws d. on aby's tes- timony, ci ita habetur fides, ut nulla sit in eo fraudis suspicio. DISCREDIT, v. || Not to believe, ci or ci rei non credere ; fidem non habere ; abrogare fidem ci or ci rei; fidem ci denegare ; ci rei fidem non adjungere. See Disbelieve. To be discredited, ci rei fides non habetur ; qa res nullam habet fidem ; ci rei fides derogatur. To cause athg to be discredited, ci rei or cs rei fidem abrogare or derogare; fidem cs rei imminuere. — 1| To deprive of good repu- tation; see Ho be a discredit to ;' ' to bring discredit on,' under Discredit, s. DISCREDITABLE, inhonestus. dedecoris plenus. turpis, &c. (see Disgraceful). To be d., turpitudini, dedecori or probro esse, &c. See 'to be a discredit,' fyc. under Discredit, s. DISCREET, consideratus (of persons and things). — prudens. providus. cautus. Jn. prudens et providus. cautus et providus.— diligens.— gravis (Syn. in Cir- cumspect). — sanus (having a sound understanding, and acting according to its dictates).— constans (morally and intellectually firm ; steady, consistent, §c; constantis- simus ; opp. amens, C. Rose. Am. 14, 41). DISCREETLY, considerate, caute. diligenter. at- tente. circumspecto judicio. prudenter. providenter (C. S.; |i^p° provide late; Plin.). DISCREETNESS, see Discretion. DISCREPANCE, discrepantia. See Difference, Disagreement. DISCREPANT, see Different. DISCRETE, discretus. — divisus discretusque. — dis- cretus ac separatus. — disjunctus. DISCRETION, || Prudence, cautio. circumspec- tio. prudentia. circumspectum judicium, circumspectio et accurata consideratio. — diligentia. gravitas (opp. (254) DIS levitas ; Syn. in Circumspection). — constantia (opp. amentia or furor. See Benecke ad C. Cat. 2, 11, 25).— Sts consilium, judicium : to come to years of d., in suam tutelam venire or pervenire; sui juris fieri, or (if the growth of the intellect is to be intimated) *ad qam in consilio capiendo prudentiam pervenisse ; or *ad qam intelligendi prudentiam pervenisse : to have almost arrived at years of d., prope puberem aetatem esse : to use one's own d. in acting according to circumstances, consilium capere ex re et ex tempore (C); libere ad summam rerum consulere (opp. ad praescriptum agere, Cces.). — To act without d., temere agere : to have no d., temerarium esse ; null ius esse consilii : it requires much d., res est multae diligentiae. — 1| Power of acting without control, arbitrium or (in abl.) arbitratus (aby's decision as final). — voluntas (will). — At my d., ad arbitrium nostrum libidinemque ; meo arbitratu : at d., ad libidinem; ex libidine; libere (freely; e. g. libere ad summam rerum consulere ; opp. ad praescrip- tum agere, Cces. B. C. 3, 51): to leave athg to aby's d., ci or cs arbitrio perraittere qd : to authorize aby to act at his own d. in athg, permittere ci liberum arbitrium de (L.): this ought to be left entirely to your d., id tui arbitrii debet esse (aft. L. 37, 52). / have sent you my speech ; you may keep it or publish it at your own d., ora- tionem misi, ejus custodiendae et proferendae arbitrium tuum (C. Alt. 15, 13). — 1| To surrender at d., se in fidem victoris permittere ; se suaque omnia potestati or fidei victoris, or in fidem atque potestatem victoris permit- tere; libero victoris arbitrio se permittere; arbitrium victoris exspectare; armis positis ad victoris fidem confugere. DISCRETIONARY, by Orel. A d. power, infinita potestas (an unlimited power ; C). — arbitrium (with a possessive pronoun, or liberum, #c). — To have d. power, sui esse arbitrii; *libere posse ad summam rerum con- sulere (of an officer in war ; aft. Cces. B. C. 3, 51). A lieutenant has no d. power, legati sunt partes ad prae- scriptum agere (Cces. B. C. 3, 51) : to give aby d. power in athg, permittere ci liberum cs rei arbitrium ; dare ci facultatem, ut qd suo arbitratu faciat or faceret (C. 1, de Fin. extr.). You have a d. power, tuum est arbi- trium (i. e. whether you will do this or that). DISCRIMINATE, || Distinguish between; distinguish, distinguere (e. g. oratorum genera). — Jn. dijudicare et distinguere (e. g. similia ab incredi- bilibus). — distinguere ac separare (e. g. ea crimina). distinguere atque dividere (C. Pis. 28, 69). — inter- noscere. secernere. Jn. secernere et internoscere. — discernere. Jn. discernere et dispicere. 1 should be glad to know how they may be discriminated, qua nota internoscantur, scire velim (C.).—See Discern, for Syn. and the construction. — 1| Separate, vid. — HHT Discriminare is used in the sense of separating by Varr. C. [once] and L. ; in the sense of distin- guishing by Sen.; disc, tempora vigiliarum somni- que, L. ; Cassia via Etruriam discriminat, C. DISCRIMINATING, || Distinguishing. A d. mark, nota (C. Or. 23).— discrimen (e. g. res — quae pares maxime videantur — discrimine qo discernere, Q. 10, 2, 10). — || Intelligent, acute, intelligens. subtilis. acutus. sagax. perspicax. A d. mind, sub- tile judicium ; perspicax prudentia ; mens acuta, sagax, &c. DISCRIMINATION, \\ Act of discriminating. The nearest words are delectus (choice exercised in the selection of objects). Jn. delectus et discrimen. Mly by Crcl. To exercise d. in athg, delectum quen- dam habere in re; delectum adhibere ad qd (C.) ; ci rei delectum adhibere (T.). Without neglecting the d. of divine things fm human, salvo divinarum humana- rumque rerum discrimine (L.) ; without d., delectu omni et discrimine remoto (C); nullo discrimine (S.): the mind was so affected as to lose all power of d., animus ita est affectus, ut rem cum consilio et cura perspicere non potuerit (C.). — H Discriminating judgement, judicium subtile, judicii subtilitas. judicium acre, peracre; verissimum judicium (e.g. habere). — 1| Set- ting apart; separation, vid. Separation. DISCURSIVE, y Roving, fyc, instabilis.— vagus, &c. — || Argumentative; proceeding fm pre- mises to conclusions, ratiocinativus (C. Q.).—The d. faculty, ratio. *ea animi pars, qua colligitur qd per aliud (aft. Q. 5, 10, 11). — ^^ Not argumentosus, wch is ' rich in materials,' fyc. ; argumentosum opus, Q. DISCUSS, disputare. disserere (to treat of a philoso- phical subject, <§-c.).— (verbis) disceptare (qd or de re, of two parties disputing with each other to determine what is true or right, but without hostile feeling ; Dod.): to d. a question, quaestionem excutere ; explicare qd or DIS de re (to develop it ; put it in a clear light) : to d. a matter secretly, occultis sermonibus serere qd (L. 7, 39, in.). DISCUSSION, disputatio (colloquy on a disputed subject, between two or more persons ; of a polemic cha- racter and methodically conducted). — disceptatio {con- test of two parties, in wch grounds are brought forward and examined with a view to a decision). — controversia {controversy ; each parly believing himself right, and defending his view of some disputed point). — certamen {contest). — Violent d.'s, contentiones concertationesque in disputando pertinaces; concertationurn plenae dis- putationes : to have a d. with aby, cum qo mihi dis- ceptatio contentioque est : to commence a d. with aby, cum qo certamen instituere (C. ; of two philosophers) : to come into or under d., in controversial» venire; in disputationem venire {Col. 5, 1) : to be present at a d., ♦disputationi interesse ; *operam dare sermoni dispu- tantium. DISCUSSIVE {med. t. t.), quod discutit or digerit (e. g. disc, febrem ; dig. humorem, &c, Cels.). DISDAIN, s. fastidium (|§jr fastusjaoe*. and post- Aug. prose). — Jk. superbia et fastidium. fastidium arrogantiaque. — superbia {pride). — contemptus. con- temptio. — despicientia. Jn. contemptio et despicientia. — spretio (L. Syn. in Contempt). —Ad. of athg, (inso- lens) cs rei fastidium. With d. ; see Disdainfully. DISDAIN, v. || Despise a person or thing, fastidire qd {prps not prce-Aug.). — dedignari {prps not prcB-Aug. ; most freq. in 0.). — spernere. aspernari. respuere. Jn. aspernari et respuere. repudiare. despi- cere. despicatui habere, contemnere. Jn. contemnere ac despicere. despicere et contemnere. contemnere et pro nihilo ducere. despicere et pro nihilo putare. sper- nere et repudiare (Syn. in Despise), qd infra se ducere (e. g. omnia humana, C). qd despicere atque infra se positum arbitrari (C.).— 1| To disdain to do athg, fastidire qd facere (prob. the first prose-author who uses it is L.).— dedignari qd facere (0. T. Sfc.).— sper- nere {poet. ; e. g. partem de solido die demere, H.). — contemnere {poet.; e.g. lippus innngi, H.).— aspernari {Stat.; T. Ann. 4, 46).— refugere {poet.; e.g. tendere barbiton, H.).— Jg|r With the exception of fastidire {wch is used by L.), none of these words are followed by infin. in the gold, age by prose-writers ; hence, a different turn must be given to the expression; e.g. facere qd non suae dignitatis esse statuere ; suae majestatis esse non censere (of gods, princes), &c. ; turpe or turpe et indignum putare; or for 'to disdain to do it,' sub- stitute ' will by no means do it,' 8fC In my opinion you should d. to ally yourself to a man of his character, huic te socium neutiquara puto esse oportere. Of general truths, facere qd in qm non cadit may be used : the good man d.'s to tell a lie, mentiri in bonum virum non cadit. DISDAINFUL, fastidiosus ( ggp°fastosus very rare and post-Aug.). — superbus. arrogans. insolens (Syn. in Arrogant). — magnificus {e. g. magnifica verba, L. '67, 10 ; of one who had been speaking, superbe in se et contemptim). DISDAINFULLY, fastidiose (C. Plane. 27, 65 ; but mly in the sense of ' with the nicest, most fastidious accu- racy,' fyc). — arroganter. insolenter. superbe (-ius, -issime). Jn. superbe insolenterque {L.). — contemptim (contemptuously). Jn. superbe et contemptim (L.). — cum contemptu ; cum fastidio. To speak d. of aby, contemptim de qo loqui; in qm superbe quaedam et insolenter concionari (in an address to soldiers, $c). DISEASE, s. morbus, aegrotatio ('morbum appel- lant totius corporis corruptionem, aegrotationem morbum cum imbecillitate,' C. Tusc. 4, 13 ; morb. is the general term for the change that constitutes disease as opposed to health, and is chiefly objective ; aegro- tatio is more subjective, relating to the suffering of the individual ; morb. it not necessarily felt, the cause may not have produced its effect ; but aegrotatio must be felt; it is a suffering state. Both may be used im- propr. ; but aeg rot. s eld. is. Plin. uses aegrot. of plants, 17, 24, 37. 6§p~ ut aegrotatio in corpore, sic aegritudoin animo; it must not therefore be used of bodily d.). — causa (as med. t. t., that wch produces an illness ; e. g. sani— tantam causam metuentes, Cels. 3, 3. So Sen. Plin. <§-c). — valetudo (prop. ' the state of aby's health;' so that infirraa, adversa, aegra must be added, unless 'bad health' is implied fm the context; e.g. angit me Fanniae valetudo. Contraxit hanc, dum, &c, Plin. Ep. 7, 19, init.).— g§p Invaletudo is rather ' indisposition ;' but in C, Orell. has substituted valetudo for it fm Codd. See his note on Alt. 7, 2, l.—A (255) DIS contagious d., contagio. morbus, qui contagione ipsa vul- gatur (aft. L. 3, 6, 3; ministeria in vicem ac contagio ipsa vulgabant morbos). — lues (of a pestilential charac- ter): an epidemic d., pestilentia (pestis, poet.): a tri- fling d., morbus levis : a severe d., morbus gravis : a dangerous d., morbus periculosus : not dangerous but tedious, non periculosus sed longus: an hereditary d., *morbus patrius (inherited fm a father ; e.g. pedum dolor, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4); *morbus, qui per successio- nem quandam traditur (aft. Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4; ple- rumque morbi per successiones quasdam, ut alia, tra- duntur) : d.'s that return periodically (i. e. at the same season of the year), valetudines certo tempore recur- rentes : to be subject to periodical d.'s (of the bowels, fyc), commoveri statis temporibus (alvo, capite, &c, Plin.). — To be suffering fm d., aegrotare (opp. valere); aegrotum esse ; in morbo esse ; morbo laborare or affec- tum esse ; morbo vexari or conflictari ; iniqua valetu- dine conflictari ; aegro corpore esse ; infirma atque aegra valetudine esse : to be suffering severely fm d., graviter or gravi morbo aegrotum esse : to be suffering fm a d. that is likely to end fatally, aegrotare mortifere ; mortifero morbo affectum esse ; novissima valetudine conflictari : to fall ill of a d., in morbum cadere, inci- dere, delabi (all C.) : to be ill of a d. ; see ' to be ill.' — to die of a d., morbo (qo) mori; a morbo perire; in morbum implicitum [ace. agreeing with person] mori or decedere : to be carried off by a d., morbo opprimi (C), absunri (S.), consumi, confici (5.), or perire (Np.) : to cure a d., morbo mederi; morbo curationem adhibere (properly to treat it); morbum depellere: to remove the cause of a d., morbum evellere : to recover fm a d., ex morbo convalescere ; ex morbo recreari : vires recolligere; morbo defungi; ex morbo evadere: a d. increases, morbus gravescit, aggravescit or ingra- vescit ; morbus crescit ; morbus or valetudo increscit ; morbus fit amplior; morbus superat or praev&let (is getting beyond the possibility of cure) : is diminishing, morbus minuitur, senescit ; levior esse ccepit : is sta- tionary, morb. consistit, subsistit or quiescit; leaves me, morb. decedit a me ; returns, repetit ; varies, morb. variat ; is spreading itself amongst the lower orders, vis morbi vagatur per ignota capita. — 1| Disease of plants, morbus (e. g. even trees have their d.'s, infestantur etiam arbores morbis). aegrotatio. eegri- tudo. malum, vitium (all Plin. 17, 24, 37). The d. affects the roots, in radices erumpit vis morbi ; the extre- mities (of the boughs), vis morbi erumpit in cacuminum digitos, qui longissime a toto corpore exeunt (Plin. ; comparing it however with the human body) : d.'s pecu- liar to fig-trees, peculiaria fici vitia (Plin.) : figs are the most liable to this d., maxime id fici sentiunt : liable to a d., morbo ci obnoxius : this d. is occasioned by close, damp weather, nascitur hoc vitium tepore humido et lento (Plin.) : to suffer fm a d., qo morbo laborare. qd vitium sentire. DISEASE, v. morbum ci inferre or incutere ; qm valetudine tentare (e. g. of an unhealthy autumn). To be diseased, aegrotare, aegrotum esse, &c. See 'to be suffering fm Disease.' To be diseased in mind, ab animo aegrum esse; animus aegrotat. — miserum esse ex animo (of wretchedness ; Plant. Trin. 2. 3, 6). — || Diseased, aeger (g. t. for every sort of illness or un- easiness, whether of body or mind ; also of plants ; and impropr. of the state, fyc). — aegrotus (actually ill; Dod. is wrong in confining it to the body only ; aegro- tus animus, Ter. ; aegrota respublica, C). — morbidus (very rare; of animals and things ; apes, Varr. ; corpus, Plin. ; pars, Lucr.).— affectus valetudine. — Jn. invali- dus et aeger. aeger atque invalidus. infirmus atque aeger. A d. (state of the) commonwealth, aegra or azgia. sauciaque or aegsota respublica : d. in mind, aeger animo: a d. mind, aeger animus (S. L.); saucius ani- mus (C. Att. 1, 17, 1) : the diseased parts, affectae partes (e. g. oris : opp. integrae, Cels.). DISEMBARK, tr.) exponere (v. pr. either persons or things, merces — milites, copias, exercitum) ; with or without e nave or navibus (Cces.) ; in terram (Cess.) ; in litore (Suet. Just.); of troops also copias e classe edu- cere (Np.): to prevent aby fm disembarking, qm navi- bus egredi prohibere (Cces.) : an opportunity of disem- barking, occasio egressus (Hirt. Bell. Afr. 3). — 1$3|?° In it found both with ace. and abl. ; in terram (Cces.); in terra (Veil. 2, 79, 4); so in Africa (L. 28, 44, 10); also without prep, quibus regionibus exercitum expo- suisset (Cces. B. C. 3, 29). — 1| Intrans.) escendere ; exire, with or without in terram, in litus (t).— exponi (H.). — (e) navi egredi or egredi only; exscensionem facere (L.; of the admiral): to d. at Erythrce, at DIS Delphi, $c, ad Erythras exscensionem facere (Z.); Delphos esceiidere (L. 29, 11); on the continent, in con- tinentem exscensionem facere (L.). DISEMBARKMENT, exscensio (a favorite term of L.'s; not Cces. or C). — egressus (Cces.). To effect a d., exscensionem facere. The best place for d., optimus egressus {Cces. B. G. 5, 8) : aft. the d. of the troops, exposito exercitu. DISEMBARRASS, solvere, exsolvere, relaxare qm qa re. eximere, exuere qm qa re. expedire qm qa re, also a, ex re. exonerare q a r e (disburden him of). — levare, liberare qm re.— dggp extricare not C. ; see To Free.) — To d. oneself, se exsolvere or relaxare (qa re) ; se expedire a qa re (all e. g. occupationibus). — dejicere or depellere qd (fling it off by an effort). — se abducere a qa re (e. g. ab omni cura reipublicae). DISEMBARRASSMENT, liberatio cs rei (fm athg). Jn. liberatio et vacuitas cs rei (e. g. omnis molestiae, C). — levatio cs rei (e.g. doloris, officii debiti, C). Mly Crcl. I am very glad to hear of your d. fm . . ., quod te a re expedisti, valde mihi gratum est. DISEMB1TTER, condire (e. g. oleas albas nisi con- dieris, propter amaritudinem illas respuit palatum, Varr.).— amaritudinem hebetare (aft. Plin. 24, 11, 64). ■ — suavem reddere. DISEMBODY, || Discharge fm military ser- vice; see Disband. — 1| To free fm the prison of the body, corporis vinculis plane relaxare (e. g. se, C). — Disembodied, *in his compagibus corporis non jam inclusus (aft. de Sen. 21, 77). — qui (quae, quod) ex corpore excessit (C. Tusc. 1, 32, 78). — corporis expers (without a body; C). They assert that disembodied spirits still live, aiunt animos manere, e corpore quum excesserint. DISEMBOGUE, trans.) effundere (e. g. se in ocea- num, Plin.). — [| Intrans.) se effundere. effundi; into the sea, in mare effundi or se effundere ; in mare fluere, infiuere ; in mare erumpere (with violence). — in mare decurrere (L.), deferri (Plin.), evadit (Curt.), evolvi (Plin.). — See Discharge. DISEMBOWEL, exenterare (prce- and post-Class.). eviscerare (poet, and post-Class, prose). DISENCHANT, *incantatum or effascinatum prae- stigiis exsolvere. DISENCUMBER, onere liberare or levare; aby of athg, exonerare qa re. — levare, liberare or solvere qa re. — demere ci qd. To d. oneself of expedire se (e. g. ab omni occupatione, C. ; aerumnis, cura, Ter.). — ex- solvere se (e. g. occupationibus). I have met with many hindrances, of wch I have not yet effectually disencum- bered myself, multa me impedierunt, quae ne nunc quidem satis expedita sunt (C.) : to d. oneself of cares, curas deponere : to d. the mind of its griefs, aegritudi- nem abjicere or exuere (both C). — See To Free. DISENCUMBRANCE, liberatio (cs rei) —liberatio et vacuitas cs rei (C.).— levatio (e. g. aegritudinis, dolo- ris). DISENGAGE, solvere, dissolvere. separare. segre- gare. sejungere. secernere. abscindere. semovere. dis- jungere (Syn. in Detach). — liberare (to free). — expe- dire qm (a or ex re or re). — exsolvere (re, ex re). To d. oneself fm aby, se sejungere a qo; aby fm aby, dis- jungere qmaqo; divellere qm a qo (violently): tod. myself fm a cause I have hitherto supported, dissociare causam meam : to d. myself fm business, expedire se ab occupatione. exsolvere se occupationibus. — relaxare se ab occupationibus (partially) : to d. one's thoughts fm external objects, a consuetudine oculorum mentis aciem abducere. revocare mentem a sensibus (C). cogitationem ab consuetudine abducere (C.).-See Detach. — 1| To be disengaged ; see next word. DISENGAGED, \\ Detached, fyc, past partcp. of the verbs. — 1| Unoccupied, occupationibus exsolutus (if one has freed oneself fm business). — vacuus (with nothing on one's hands to do; or, of time, $c. with nothing requiring to be done; also of a female not mar- ried or engaged to be married; e. g. vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseud. Quint.). — otiosus. — feriatus (taking a holiday). — nullis negotiis implicitus (C. N. D. 1, 19, 51). — *a nullo vocatus or invitatus (not invited by aby) : to be d., vacuum, otiosum, &c. esse ; nihil negotii habere (have no business). — *ad neminem promisisse (to have accepted no engagement to dinner, %c. ; aft. C. 2 de Orat. 22, 77, quod ad fratrem promiserat). DISENGAGEMENT, || Liberation, liberatio (fm athg, cs rei). — levatio cs rei. See Disembarrass- ment. \\ Separation, vid. \\ Vacancy, leisure, vid. DISENNOBLE, *nobilitatis honore privare (prop.). — dedecorare. dehonestare (impropr. dishonour). (256) DIS DISENROLL, nomen cs eximere de tabulis. — era- dere qm albo (e. g. e albo, of a senator ; T.). DISENTANGLE, || Unravel, fyc, what was en- tangled, explicare (propr. ; e. g. capillum, Varr.; fusos; and impr. ; e. g. negotia). — expedire (impropr. ; to set straight what was impeditus, &c). Jn. expli- care et expedire (e. g. aby's affairs, cs negotia).— ex- solvere (e.g. nexus, Lucr. ; nexus legis, T.). — relax- are (to loosen, make loose, what was coiled tightly ; e. g. nodos, Lucr.). — 1| To free f in difficulties, busi- ness, %c. To d. aby fm athg, solvere, exsolvere, re- laxare qm qa, re; eximere, exuere qm qa re ; expedire qm qa re (see To Free for Syn. and phrases, %c). — To d. a notion, (animi sui) complicatam notionem evolvere : to d. oneself fm athg, se exsolvere (e. g. cor- pore, of the soul, V. ; e nervis, &c, Lucr. ; se occu- pationibus, C). — See To Extricate. DISENTHRONE, see Dethrone. DISENTRANCE, prps *animum cs a corpbre abs- tractum revocare (fm an ecstasy). — *qm ex artissimo somno mortique simillimo excitare or suscitare. DISESTEEM, s. contemptus. contemptio. — despi- cientia. — existimatio amissa. — See Contempt. To fall into d., existimatio cs violatur (by athg, qa re) ; de existimatione sua qd perdere or deperdere ; detrimen- tum existimationis facere (to suffer loss of reputation) ; in contemptionem adduci (qa re); in contemptionem venire (to fall into contempt; with aby, ci); nomen perdere (of a wine; Cato). DISESTEEM, v. parvi aestimare, nullo numero putare qm or qd. See Despise. DISFAVOUR, s. \\Displeasure, $c; discounte- nance, vi d— S ts odium cs (displeasure, aversion, opp. gratia. — Jgs^~ ingratia is not Lat.). — ira (anger) : to incur aby's d., incurrere in cs offensionem ; ci in odium venire ; ex magna gratia et favore in invidiam cs venire (aft. S. Jug. 13, 7); collectam gratiam cs effun- dere (throw away the favour one had won ; C); amit- tere qm (e. g. optimates ; = favorem optimatium, in antithesis with milites reconciliasse, Np. Dion, 7, 2) ; favor, quo qs qm amplexus est, elanguescit (aft. Curt. 10, 7, 3, and L. 2, 56, in.) : to be in d. with aby, in offensa esse apud qm (C. Alt. 9, 2, 2) : to be in terrible d., magna esse apud qm offensa (ib.) : if you fear to incur his d., si iram ejus metuis. — 1| Disobliging act; see 'an Unkindness.' DISFAVOUR, v. See Discountenance, Disap- prove. DISFIGURATION, || The act of disfiguring, deformatio. depravatio. See Deformation. — 1| T he state of being disfigured ; see Deformity. DISFIGURE, v. See To Deform. DISFIGURED, see Deformed, Defaced. DISFIGUREMENT, see Deformation. DISFRANCHISE, qm suffragio privare. jure suffra- gii prohibere qm ; qos excludere suffrages (the two last C. Rep. 2, 22, 40).— civitatem ci adimere (with regard to the rights of citizenship). — To be disfran- chised, prohiberi jure suffragii ; excludi suffrages (of a number). DISFRANCHISEMENT, *jus suffragii ademptum. *civitas ci adempta: To remove aby's d., suffragia ci reddere (e. g. populo, Suet. Calig. 16). DISGORGE, exscreare (by coughing, fm the throat, #c). — exspuere (to spit out). — vomere. evomere. eji- cere. rejicere (to vomit ; evom. also of volcanoes, evom. ignes; of streams, in mare se evomere, Plin.; and Jig. of wealth, pecuniam devoratam evom., C. ; of wrath, iram, virus acerbifatis, &c. in qm evom.). — per os red- dere (fm the mouth).— eructare (to belch forth ; aquam, Varr.; fiammas, &c). DISGRACE, or DISGRACEFULNESS, turpitudo (immorality, wch brings d. on aby). — ignominia (the loss of honour, esply by a civil or military punishment, deserved or undeserved) ; Jn. ignominia et turpitudo or ignominia turpitudoque. — infamia (bad reputation, the bad opinion generally entertained of a person's moral character, and the d. thereby brought on him); Jn. tur- pitudo atque infamia. — dedecus (a deviation fm the conduct of a man of honour, fm whom noble actions are expected); Jn. ignominia et dedfe'eus or dedgcus et infamia or macula (the stigma, blemish) et dedgcus. — probrum (a stain on the morality of one fm whom, if not noble actions, yet irreproachable moral conduct is expected) ; Jn. probrum et dedecus. — flagi- tium et dedecus (of a villanous action) : athg brings d. (on aby), qd infamiam habet or infert ; fit qd dedecori ; qd ci est turpitudini or ignominias or infamise or dede- cori or probro : aby brings d. on me, mihi est qs dede- DIS cori or maculae et dedecori ; qs me dedecorat : to bring d. on one's family, familiam dedecorare : aby brings d. on himself, qs in dedecus incurrit ; qs dedecus admittit (Cces. ; e. g. by an act of cowardice) : to incur such d., tantum dedecus admittere {Cces.) : to suffer both d. and loss, turn in damna turn in dedecus incurrere : to con- sider alhg a d., qd turpe ducere or putare ; probro habere qd ; turpe sibi esse qd arbitrari. They look on this as a d., haec apud illos turpia putantur; haec apud illos infa- mia ponuntur (are reckoned among disgraceful things or actions): to think athg a d. to a person, ducere ci qd probro. I fear it will be a d. to my country, if, fyc, vereor ne civitati meae sit opprobrio, si, &c. (Np. Con. 3): to dread d., ignominiam fugere ac dedecus (C.) : as a mark of d., ignominies causa (e. g. to be asked aft. all the rest) : to be considered a d. (of a person), turpem inveniri : to our d., cum nostra ignominia; cum nos- tro dedecore : what a d. ! proh pudor ! o indignum facinus ! to wipe off or blot out a d., maculam delere or eluere ; labem ignominiae abolere. — H By meton. = a person that has brought disgrace on him- self, or a disgraceful thing, dedecus. oppro- brium (e. g. dedecus naturae, Phcedr. ; opprobria Ro- muli Remique ! ye who disgrace Rom. and Rem. ! Cat.; opprobr. majorum, T.). — macula, macula atque igno- minia. nota atque ignominia (the thing or the blemish that d.'s). — labes (both of persons and things) : to be a d. to one's family, familiam dedecorare. — 1| A state of being out of favour; see Disfavour. — || State of being degraded, or out of favour (e. g. at court) : to be in d., *ignominiae causa loco motum esse : to be in d. at court, principi in odium venire ; ex magna gratia et favore in invidiam principis venire. DISGRACE, v. || To dishonour, dedecorare. de- decore afficere. — polluere (to pollute whatever is esteemed inviolable and sacred ; e. g. the noble name of a family, a maid, %c.) : to d. aby, cs famam dehonestare (to injure his good name). — qm ignominia afficere, ignominiam ci imponere or injungere or (in a lasting manner) in- urere ; qm ignominia notare (to mark with ignominy, destroy one's honour or reputation ; brand with disgrace; the last esply of the censor, then, also, gen. ; see Held. Cars. B. C. 1, 7).— 1| To be a disgrace to, dede- corare. — turpitudini, ignominiae, probro, infamise or dedecori esse : to d. one's family, familiam dedecorare: not to d. the Antonines, non deesse nomini Antonino- rum : to d. oneself by athg, se dedecorare qa re: athg d.'s me, qd mihi est dedecori or turpitudini. — 1| To put out of favour (e. g. at court), qm dejicere honore (to deprive aby of a honorable post; e. g. con- sulatu, praetura); qm ignominia notare ac loco movere (deprive him of his rank as a mark of d.); qm oppri- mere (if by cabals, fyc, see Np. Bat. 5, 2). See last article. DISGRACEFUL, turpis.— fcedus (heinous, either in a physical or a moral respect) ; Jn. turpis et fcedus. — obscenus (causing disgust, either by being looked at or listened to). — spurcus (of a disgusting nature, dirty). — ignominiosus (ignominious ; of things, e. g. flight). — inhonestus (dishoncrable, immoral, of persons and things) ; Jn\ turpis et inhonestus. — flagitiosus (full of vile actions; villanous, of persons and things). — contumeliosus (full of contumely). — probrosus (being a blemish on aby's character). — scelere contaminatus (contaminated with crime, of persons). — nefarius (acting or being contrary to human and divine laws, of persons and things): to be d., ignominiae or dedecori or probro or turpitudini or opprobrio esse : to consider athg or look upon athg as d., turpe putare or ducere qd ; as very d., in turpissimis rebus habere : (athg) looks d., turpi esse aspectu , defcrmem esse : d. things, res turpes ; flagitia (villanies) ; nefaria, pi. (unutterable atrocities) : to lead a d. life, turpiter et flagitiose vivere: d. indeed (sc. what you are relating) ! o indig- num facinus ! in a d. manner ; see Disgracefully. DISGRACEFULLY, turpiter; fcede; flagitiose; ne- farie; also per ignominiam or cum ignominia (g^" ignominiose in later writers only); contumeliose; tur- piter ; per dedecus (e. g. vitam amittere).— Syx. in Dis- graceful. D1SGRACIOUS, see Disagreeable. DISGUISE, v. || To conceal by an unusual habit, ci aiium vestitum dare (aft. Np. Bat. 9, 3): to d. oneself, mutare vestem (C. Plane. 41, 98 ; Veil. 2, 41, 2); habitum suum permutare (Just. 2, 7, 19; in wch passage it is said of Codrus, ' permutato regis habitu .... castra hostium ingreditur'): to d. oneself in men's clothes, virilem vestem induere (Just.); pro femina puerum simulare. sexum mentiri (Just. 1, 2, 2, (257) DIS and 4, speaking of Semiramis) : to d. oneself in a shepherd's dress, pastoralem cultum induere (Fell. 1, 2, 2, speaking of Codrus; 'deposita veste regia, pas- toralem cultum induit'): disguised, veste mutata; permutato habitu: disguised as a soldier, or in a sol- dier's dress, ornatu militari : to d. a person, *aliena veste occultare qm : to d. one's face, caput velare (if with a veil); *larvam sibi accommodare or aptare. — See also Mask. || To hide by a counterfeit ap- pearance, occultare et dissimulare qd (e. g. appeti- tum voluptatis).— dissimulare et occultare qd (both C; see To Cloke): to d. one's opinion or sentiments, sen- tentiam celare; one's anger, iram ; one's grief, vexa- tion, hatred, 8,-c, aegritudinem animi, odium, &c, dis- simulare.— || To disfigure; vid. — 1| To deform by liquor, (colloq.) temulentum facere; vino onerare. Bisguised in liquor, bene potus. — temulentus. — vino gravis. DISGUISE, s. || A counterfeit habit, vestis mu- tata: in d., veste mutata; permutato habitu.— See To Disguise. Saint Croix came to Paris in d., *Sancto- crucius mutato vestitu habituque Lutetiam Parisio- rum pervenit. — 1| A false appearance, species (g.t. for the external looks of alhg). — imago, simulacrum (the picture, as it were, of athg; the assumed look of athg). species quaedam cs rei assimulata (e. g. virtutis). — aliena persona (an assumed character) : to betray aby under the d. of friendship, qm per simulationem ami- citiae prodere : to conceal great ability under the d. of stupidity, summam prudentiam simulatione stultitiae tegere : to throw off a d., personam deponere (propr. and impropr.) ; simulationem deponere (impropr.) : then Appius threw off his d., ille finis Appio aliensa personae ferendae (L. 3, 36) : to strip aby of his d., ci personam demere ; cs capiti personam detrahere (propr. and impropr.) ; ci or rei personam demere et reddere faciem suam (impropr. ; see Sen. Ep. 24, 12). — See Mask. DISGUST, s. fastidium (the consequence of being satiated, the offensiveness of an object to taste, whether physical or moral). — satietas (the state of being satiated; i. e. when an object has lost its charm for us, and affords no more enjoyment ; hence, also, the loss of interest in athg fm long familiarity with it ; physically and morally) ; Jx. fastidium quoddam et satietas. — animus alienus (estrangement fm aby). — taedium (the French ' ennui,' with ref. to what is or seems to us tedious ; first used in prose by L. ; C. uses ' satietas ' instead). — nausea (vavtria, physical d., as consequence of a disordered stomach ; also, in a moral sense, as a stronger term for fast. ; but only found in Mart. 4, 37): to cause d., fastidium or satietatem creare ; fastidium movere ci (e. g. stomacho t) ; fastidium or satietatem or taedium afferre ; taedio afficere qm ; nauseam facere ; odium cs rei facere; stomachum movere: to feel or conceive d., satietas or taedium cs rei me capit ; venit mihi qd in tasdium ; taedium mihi affert or adducit qd : to be filled with d. of athg, magnum cs rei odium me cepit ; pertaesum est me cs rei ; also nauseare (vavaiav) ; fas- tidire qd ; taedet me cs rei ; satietas or taedium cs rei me cepit or tenet. — I have come to feel d. at athg (e. g. food), fastidium est mihi qd : with d., fastidiose ; non sine nausea. DISGUST, v. || To cause disgust ; see under Disgust, s.— To be disgusted with, piget or taedet me cs rei. — male me habet qd. segre habeo or patior qd. moleste, graviter, or aegre fero qd ; qa re offenditur animus meus (ft). To be disgusted with life, taedet or piget me vitae or vivere; vita displicet (Ter.). I am disgusted at every thing, stomachor omnia : to d. aby with athg, ci qd invisum facere ; cs animum a qa re avertere or alienare : you know how easily I am dis- gusted, nosti stomachi mei fastidium: wch disgusted me more, %c, quae mihi majori stomacho fuerunt, quam, &c. (offended, enraged me) : to be disgusted with oneself, laborare fastidio sui (Sen. ; speaking of stulti- tia); sibi displicere (Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 20).— 1| Offend; displease, offendere qm ; stomachum movere ci (enrage him). — avertere qm or cs animum a op.— See Offend. DISGUSTFUL, see Disgusting. DISGUSTFULLY, see Disgustingly. DISGUSTING, fastidium creans or afferens (causing disgust, of things).— teter (with ref. to smell, taste, and look; e.g. sapor, odor, aqua, &c). — odiosus (odious, nauseous, tiresome, tedious, tiring to listen to, 4"c; of persons and things) : in a d. manner, odiose : to have a d. appearance, habru aspectuque tetro esse (e.g. of books or things that < a ve been soiled) : to be d., fastidio S DIS or fastidiis adhaerescere (of things; C. de Or. 1, 61, 258). DISGUSTINGLY, odiose.— tetre (teterrime ; e. g. se gerere). DISH, || As vehicle of meat, patfna (a broad and deep d., with a cover, in wchfish, fyc. were served up). — patella (a smaller 'patina' of clay or metal; as well for cooking as serving up meats). — lanx (a deeper, hollow, bellied d., sometimes of considerable size, for serving up meats). — magis or magftla (a d. similar to the lanx, only used for serving up). — scutula. scutella {aflat, square, or oblong small d). — paropsis (trapo^k, a small d. for serving up meals; also an additional d. containing some delicacy). — ferculum (propr. a trayj then what is served up together = course). — 1^^° cati- nus or catinum was the pot in wch the poorer classes also put their food on the table; see Hor. Sat. 1, 6, 115. — 1| The meat served in a dish, cibus (g. t. for food): a dainty d., cibus suavis. — HHT In such ex- pressions as ' a dish of vegetables,' fyc, ' dish' is omitted ; e. g. olus coxit : a d. of roast thrushes, assi turdi : to load a table with the rarest d.'s, mensam conquisitis- simis epulis construere (C.) : a d. of cold meat (i. e. for one's dinner), prandium sine mensa : a hot or warm d., cibi calidi (pi.) : this is a d. for an epicure, est ha?c quoque res inter opera ganese : this bird is considered a first-rate d., haec ales nunc inter primas expetitur : to be fond of good d.'s, laute ccenitare. DISH (up), apponere ccenam. DISHABILLE, see Deshabille. DIS HABIT (obsol.), domo expellere. DISHCLOUT, penicillus (a sponge for wiping). DISHEARTEN, see To Discourage. DISHEVELLED (of the hair), capillus eflusus (opp. cap. nodo vinctus; see Sen. Ep. 124, 22); crines passi : capillus passus (the hair flying as in the wind). DISHONEST, || Void of honesty, ab honestate remotus. — malus (bad; g. t.). — improbus (that is not as it ought to be, according to divine and human laws). infidelis (unfaithful). — inhdus (not trustworthy ; as to conduct). — perfidus (treacherous, in particular actions). — subdblus (cunning, crafty). — fraudulentus (deceitful). — fallax (practised in roguery). — sordidus (mean, dirty). — inhonestus et sordidus (of a person ; dishonorable and dirty). — 1| Dishonoured, inhonestus. — \\ Sis- graceful ; vid. — 1| Unchaste ; vid. DISHONESTLY, improbe; perfide; fraudulenter ; perfraudem: most d., per summam fraudem et mali- tiam [Syn. in Dishonest].— || Unchastely, impu- dice (late) ; parura caste (e. g. to live, vivere). DISHONESTY, || Want of hon esty, improbitas. infidelitas. perfidia [Syn. in Dishonest]. — fraus (esply of a single act; e. g. cs fraude perspecta, Cees.). — fraus et malitia. — 1| Unchastity, impuritas ; impudicitia; libidines [Syn. in Unchaste]. — 1| Deceit; vid. DISHONORABLE, inhonestus (opp. honestus; e.g. homo, vulnus, &c/). — turpis (base, disgraceful ; opp. honestus. gloriosus). — ini'amis (evil spoken of; infa~ tnous; all three of men or things).— injustus atque in- honestus (e. g. nihil quod sit injustum atque inhones- tum expetere, C). — A d. action, factum dedecoris ple- num : d. flight, turpis fuga (in antithesis to gloriosa mors) : to ask athg d., rogare rem turpem (C). What can be more d. than this ? quid hoc turpius ? quid fce- dius 1 a most d. person, homo omnium turpissimus et sordidissimus, or turpissimus atque inhonestissimus : a very d. source of gain, turpissimus quaestus; illibera- lis et sordidus quaestus: a verg d. method, sordidissima ratio et inquinatissima (G\). DISHONORABLY, see Dishonestly, DISHONOUR, s. See Disgrace, s. DISHONOUR, v. See Disgrace, v. DISHONOURER, Crcl. qui existimationem cs vio- lat, offendit, oppugnat, lacerat (attacks his good name). —qui ignominia qm notat, afficit, &c. (disgraces him). —qui dedecori est ci (is a disgrace to him, fyc). DISHUMOUR, see Crossness. DISINCLINATION, declinatio (cs rei, opp. appeti- tio). — fuga (cs rei, inclination to escape athg; e. g. work). — odium (dislike, aversion). — animus alienus or aversus (to aby, aqo; aversion, unfriendly feeling) : d. to work, declinatio or fuga laboris : to feel a d. to athg, alien um esse a qa re ; abhorrere a qa re (stronger term); to aby, a qo animo esse alieno or averso : a strong d., a qo animo esse aversissimo : to feel a violent d. to writ- ing, prorsus abhorret animus a scribendo (C): nature has implanted in animals a d. to what would be inju- rious to them, natura bestiis dedit a rebus pestiferis recessum (C.) ; we have a natural d. to athg, a qa re (258) DIS natura deciinamus (C. ; of shunning it; opp. natura appetere qd) : a morbid d. to athg, vitiosa ad qd offensio (C. Tusc. 4, 20, 23) : to feel a d. to marriage, abhorrere ab uxore ducenda (C). DISINCLINE, abu to aby, abducere, abstrahere, distrahere, subducere qm a qo ; also qm or cs volun- tatem a qo abalienare ; to athg, qm a qa re abstrahere, avocare, deducere (C), avertere (Np.). DISINCLINED, alienus. alienatus ; to aby or athg, a qo or a qa" re aversus, alienatus, alienus. — ci or in qm malevolus. ci inimicus (stronger terms) : not to be d. to believe athg, inclinato ad credendum esse animo : to do athg, baud displicet (with inf.). I am not d. to con- cur with them in opinion, haud pcenitet eorum senten- tial esse (L. \, 8). DISINGENUOUS, see Deceitful, Fraudulent. DISINGENUOUSLY, see Deceitfully, Fraudu- lently. DISINGENUOUSNESS, see Deception, Fraud. DISINHERIT, or DISHERIT, exheredare. here- ditate excludere. exheredem facere or scribere. ab hereditate submovere (if in an unjust manner or clan- destinely) : to d. one's son, filium exheredare (in one's will, in such a manner that the disinheritment does not take place before the father's death) ; filium abdicare (if during the father's life-time). DISINTER, eruere (e. g. mortuum, C). DISINTERESTED, qui nihil de utilitatibus, nihil de commodis suis cogitat (aft. C. Fin. 1, 10, 34). — *qui commodis suis utilitatique non servit. — qui sua cupi- ditate non impellitur (cf. C. Off. 1, 19, G3).— utilitatis suae immemor (of persons who don't think of their own advantages). — gratuitus (opp. mercenarius ; of things ; e. g. liberalitas). — non praemiorum mercedibus evoca- tus (C. Fin. 2, 31, 99; with non invitatus voluptati- bus). — Not d., *suarum rerum cupidus.— de utilitati- bus suis semper cogitans.— ad utilitatem suam omnia referens, &c. (of persons). — mercenarius (of actions). — Is athg d. or not ? qd gratuitumne est an mercenarium ? Our love for athg should be d., etiamsi nulla sit utilitas ex qa re, tamen ipsa propter se ipsam amanda est {aft. C. Fin. 1, 20, 69). — He has acted in the most d. manner, nihil ad utilitatem suam retulit, ac nihil omnino fecit causa sua : to be d., suse utilitatis immemorem esse. DISINTERESTEDLY, sine praemio.— sine mercede. — nulla quasi lenocinante mercede (C). — gratuito (gra- tuitously ; for nothing). — Sts liberaliter may serve, or abstinenter. DISINTERESTEDNESS, animus utilitatis suae im- memor or oblitus. — abstinentia (opp. avaritia). — His d. was put to the proof, tentata est ejus abstinentia (Np.). With the most absolute d., nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito et quasi lenocinante mercede (C). DISJOIN, disjungere. dirimere, &c. — See To Sepa- rate. DISJOINT, || Separate into joints, or at the joints, articulatim concldere (Plant. Epid. 3,4, 52). — membra articulatim dividere (separate joint by joint, C; fm an old poet). — secare, scindere (to cut up; e. g. a fowl). — in frusta excutere (divide a fowl, 8,-c. into joints; Sen. Ep. 47, 4). — 1| Dislocate ; vid. — 1| Im- propr.) destruere. dissolvere (to separate the parts of what was constructed). — dissipare (separate and scatter here and there ; e. g. a statue). DISJOINTED, articulatim divisus (propr.).— inter- ruptus (having its continuity destroyed). — dissipatus (scattered, as it were, in separate portions: also of a speech, loose, without accurate divisions, well-connected together). — fluctuans et dissolutus (eo quod sine nervis et articulis fluctuat hue illuc). — articulis membrisque non distinctus (both of style ; 'a disjointed discourse;' C). DISJUNCTION, disjunctio (C). — See Division, Separation. DISJUNCTIVE, disjunctivus (Gramm. t. t. Charts. Diom. fyc.). If we say, fyc. . . ., it is a d. proposition, disjunctivum est, quum dicimus, &c. (Dig.) DISJUNCTIVELY, separatim (opp. conjunctim).— seorsum (opp. una). — singulatim (singly ; fj^fdisjunc- tive may be used as Gramm. t. t.). DISK, orbis (17. t. for any circular and flat body). — discus (the quoit of the ancients) : the moon's d., orbis lunae (the face of the moon; see Plin. 2, 9, 6). — orbis solis (that of the sun; see Plin. 2, 23, 21) : in the shape of a d., orbiculatus. rotundus ; in speciem orbis (if adverbially used). DISLIKE, s. See Aversion. DISLIKE, v. a qa re abhorrere or alienum esse (have DIS an antipathy, aversion, %c. to).— taedium mihi qd affert or adducit (wearies me, 8fc). — qd mihi displicet {dis- pleases me). — fastidire qd (reject it with loathing ; e. g. food) : to d. a person, a qo esse animo alieno or averso ; odium suscepisse adversus qm ; odium concepisse in qm ; qm odisse or odio habere. Sis, but very seld., nolle ci (e. g. cui qui nolunt — iidem tibi non sunt amici, C.) — To d. to do athg, nolle with inf. ; gravari with inf. (aft. C.'s lime also with ace, gravari terrenum equitem, H.; ilium acerbum, Sen.) — non libet (qd facere, e. g. ire, scribere, &c.).—If you d. to go, I will go for you, ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet (Plaut.). — Obs. gravari and non libet are also used absol.—But I will not press you, if you d. it, sin tibi id minus libebit, non urgebo. / should not d. it, if, fyc, ego vero non gravarer, si, &c. — || Disrelish, fastidire (to reject what offends either one's physical or mental taste). DISLIKENESS, dissimilitudo. DISLIMB, membra articulatim dividere. DISLOCATE, || To put out of joint, luxare ( $jg^T not eluxare, wch has no ancient authority in its favour).— extorquere (to d. by a wrench, e. g. articu- lum, Sen.). — ejicere (e. g. cervicem, armum) : to be dislocated, sua sede or suo loco moveri ; or moveri only (Cels.) ; de suo loco emoveri (to get out of its posi- tion, also of the joints of the body) ; excYdere (to fall out of the socket ; with or without sua sede ; suis sedi- bus, Cels. 8, 11); loco suo non esse (of the parts that are in that state; Cels. ib.). — excessisse (Cels. 8). — gSJITprolabi, elabi, promoveri, erumpere are used by Cels. chiefly when mentioning the direction in wch the dislocation takes place. — Dislocated, loco suo motus : dislocated limbs, artus in pravum elapsi (T. Hist. 4, 81) — 1| Displace ; vid. DISLOCATION, luxatura (later only).— depravatio membrorum (of the joints of the body). To reduce a d., articulum, qui exefdit, reponere (Cels.) or in suam sedem compellere (ib.) : if the thigh can be bent, the d. is reduced in a moment, protinus, si complicari femur potest, intus est (ib.). A d. should always be reduced before inflammation begins, quidquid loco suo motum est, ante inflammationem reponendum est (Cels. 8, 11). DISLODGE, || To remove or drive fm a place of rest, pellere. depellere. expellere. exigere (drive out by force; without ex, &c, only if these prepositions may be supplied fm the context). — propellere. propul- sare (to drive away or out by striking, beating, pushing, 8fc; e. g. the enemy, hostem; then propuls. also fig.). — dejicere (milit. v. pr. of dislodging the enemy; dej. hostes muro, turribus, loco ; ex saltu ; ex castellis, &c). — proturbare (drive away headlong ; e. g. hostem). — submovere (to remove and so get rid of; e. g. hostem ; noxia animalia). — || To remove an army or its quarters, castra in alium locum transferre ; castra transferre (e. g. trans flumen ; ultra locum); also mili- tes in alia loca transducere. DISLODGE, v. intr.) To change one's dwell- ing, migrare or demigrare in alium locum or in alia loca (g. t. for removing to another place ; fm one place to another).— domo or e domo emigrare (to leave one's former abode). DISLOYAL, regis inimicus. — regi or principi infi- delis (unfaithful to the sovereign; aft. regi — fidelis, Np. Dul. 1, 3).— qui odium concepit in regem; qui odium suscepit adversus regem. — qui regi or principi non vult (C.) or non est amicus ; or by the general terms : — per- fidus ; perfidiosus; infidelis; infidus (Syn. in Faith- less). — novarum rerum cupidus or avidus, novis rebus studens (desiring political change). — proditor patriae (a traitor to one's country): d. (of conduct, #c), *principis voluntati (or legi or patriae legibus, accord- ing to circumstances) repugnans or contrarius. — To be d. (to his sovereign), a rege desciscere ; a regis amicitia deficere (Np. Con. 2 ; revolt fm him). — averso a principe or rege esse animo (to dislike him). — novarum rerum causas quaerere (to attempt to bring about a revolution, 8fc): to act as a d. subject, leges perfringere or per- rumpere (to break the laws). DISLOYALLY, perfide ; perfidiose [Syn. in Faith- less] ; *haud fideli in qm animo. — contra legem or leges (agst the laws; e. g. to act). DISLOYALTY, infidelitas (the breach of faith that aby commits towards a person whom he ivas in duty bound to serve; see Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Labienus quum Commium comperisset sollicitare civitates et conjura- tionem contra Caesarem facere, infidelitatem ejus sine ulla perfidia judicavit comprimi posse). — aversus a rege animus. DISMAL, tristis (sad, whose grief or SQrrow aoout present evils is visible and impressed on his face). — (259) DIS maestus (sad, melancholy ; propr. of persons, but aha of things; see also Sad). — miser (that excites compas- sion ; e. g. situation, res ; fate, fortuna ; life, vita).— miserabiiis (miserable ; e. g. aspect, sight, aspectus). — luctuosus (sad, sorrowful; e. g. death, exitium). — flelulis (that will draw forth tears) : rather d., subtristis (rare; Ter.): very d., pertristis ; permaestus : to have a d. countenance, vultu animi dolorem pra? se ferre ; vultu tristi or maesto esse : with a d. countenance, maesto et conturbato vultu (Auct. ad Herenn.): d. news, tristes nuncii : a d. end, tristis exitus or eventus : d. limes, tempora misera or dura or iniqua ; misera tempora et luctuosa (C); temporum iniquitas or gra- vitas or calamitas. — See Dark, Dreadful, &c. DISMALLY, misere ; miserabiliter ; flebiliter. — luc- tuose ; also miserandum in modum. — [Syn. in Dismal.] DISMALNESS, tristitia ; maestitia [Syn. in Dis- mal]. DISMANTLE, || To strip, nudare (propr. and impropr.). — denudare. retegere. aperire (propr. to make bare). — privare. spoliare (to bereave). — || To demo- lish the works of a town, castrum dirugre. muni- menta oppidi solo aequare or adaequare ; disjicere or a fundamentis disjicere (e. g. mcenia, munitiones, Cess. L. ; not C). DISMASK, see Unmask. DISMAST, *malo (or malis) privare. DISMAY, v. See To Frighten. DISMAY, s. See Fright. DISMEMBER, secare ; dissecare (g. tt. for cutting up); membra articulatim dividere (Attius? ap. C); membratim caedere (to cut member by member ; Plin. 9, 15, 18). — truncare (maim by hewing off, %c; e.g. cadavera ; poet, and post-Aug.). DISMISS, || To send away, dimittere (g. t. to send off or away in different directions). — ablegare. amandare (to give aby some commission, fyc. in order to get rid of him). — amovere (fm one's presence, as punish- ment). — solvere, exsolvere, liberare qm (qa re, to let him off, to free him fm athg). — To d. an assembly, con- cilium, conventum, &c. dimittere : to d. the senate, senatum dimittere. — || To divest of an office, loco suo qm movere (g. t.). — removere or amovere or submovere qm a munere (esply of civil officers) : to d. a magistrate, abrogare or abolere ci magistratum (both in the Roman sense, and abol. with collateral notion of perpetual dismissal) ; a governor, qm provincia demo- vere ; qm expellere potestate : to be dismissed, succes- sorem accipere (i. e. to have a successor appointed). DISMISSION, or DISMISSAL, missio (esply v. pr. of soldiers). — dimissio (C. ; rare): 'fair d.' (Milt.) missio honesta. — See Discharge. DISMOUNT, trans.) || To throw off a horse, qm de equo dejicere or deturbare; qm excutere or effundere (of the horse itself). — 1| To throw fm an elevation, dejicere qd loco, de and e loco. — |j Of a piece of ordnance, hostium tormenta ludificari (to make them useless; aft. L.; quibus ea, quae hostes ingenti mole agerent, ludificaretur, 24, 34). — [Bau. gives frangere pedamentum or pegma tormentorum.] DISMOUNT, intr.) || To alight fm a horse, ex equo descendere ; descendere or desilire ex equis (of cavalry, in order to fight on foot): to make the cavalry d. (to fight on foot), equitatum or equitem dedu- cere ad pedes. — 1| To descend fm an elevation ; see To Descend. DISNATURED, see Unnatural. DISOBEDIENCE, parendi dedignatio (Plin. Pan. 18).— gg^° inobedientia not till Tertull., %c— immo- destia (bold, reckless d., want of discipline). — contu- macia (stubbornness, intractableness). DISOBEDIENT, non parens, dicto non audiens ; non or minus obediens : to show oneself d., towards aby, ci non parere. ci dicto audientem non esse, non obedire ci. minus obedientem esse ci [Syn. in To Obey; see also the phrases in To Disobey]. DISOBEDIENTLY, non obedienter ; or with the verb. To behave d., non obtemperare; dicto audien- tem non esse. DISOBEY, ci non parere. ci dicto audientem non esse, non obedire ci. minus obedientem esse ci (Syn. in To Obey). — to d. aby's commands, obedientiam relin- quere et abjicere, nee ci parere (see C. de Off 1, 29, 102) ; cs imperium detrectare or (Cces ) negligere ; cs imperium auspiciumque abnuere (both of soldiers ; the latter in the sense of not choosing to obey orders. gg?T Also with the negative form of the verbs and phrase» in To Obey; vid.). DISOBLIGE, laedere. offendere. violare [Syw. in S 2 DIS Offend].— ci adversari {oppose, thwart).— ci non gra- tificari ; ci gratificari or obsequi or morem gerere nolle : to d. aby invariably, omnia adversus qm facere.— J don't know why I should d. you by a refusal, cur tibi hoc non gratificer, nescio. To consider oneself dis- obliged, se violafum or laesum putare ; se lsesum aubi- trari(C); qa re offendi ; segre qd ferre ; injuriam sibi factum putare. DISOBLIGING, inofficiosus in qm {disregarding one's duties towards him) — difficilis (difficult to deal with). — injuriosus (wrongful, offensive). — quod offen- sioni est, offensionem habet or affert. quod ofFendit. quod non vacat offensione. quod displicet (offensive, displeasing). — odiosus (that excites anger, and thus is hateful) : not even a d. word, ne vox quidera incom- moda. DISOBLIGINGLY, inurbane; aspere; inhumani- ter [Stn. in Disobliging]. — To answer d., aspere respondere. DISOBLIGINGNESS, illiberalitas. inhumanltas. asperitas [Syn. in Disobliging]. DISORDER, || Want of regular disposition; confusion, implicatio (e. g. rei familiaris). — pertur- batio ordinis (the disturbed order of things). — perturba- tio cs rei (the act of confusing athg ; e.g. exercitus). — negligentia cs rei (neglect ; e. g. in domestic affairs, rei familiaris ; see also Confusion): to throw into d. ; to be in d., fyc. ; see ' to put, fyc. into Confusion :' the enemy advances in great d., ordinibus incompositis effuse veniunt hostes : they fled to their camp in great d., effuso cursu castra repetunt.— 1| Disturbance ; vid. — 1| Irregularity ; see Confusion. — 1| Breach of laws, licentia ; effrenata licentia. — \\ Disease; vid. — II Discomposure of the mind, mentis pertur- batio. — animi commotio. — animus perturbatus et inci- tatus. — aestus error, &c— animi motus nimii ( = per- turbationes. C.J. — See Perturbation. DISORDER, v. || To throw into confusion, turbare (e. g. statum civitatis; ordines hostium). — perturbare (e. g. exercitum, civitatem). — conturbare (e. g. ordines, rem ; and esply rationes, accounts). — miscere (turn topsy-turvy ; e. g. rempublicam). — con- fundere (e. g. ordines). — ordinem cs rei perturbare (ft) ; ordinem cs rei confundere (e. g. disciplinae, T. Hist. 1, 60). . To d. every thing, omnia perturbare or miscere. — See Confusion and To Confuse. — 1| To disturb the body ( = make sick), morbum ci afferre or incu- tere ; qm valetudine tentare (e. g. of an unhealthy autumn; Cops.). — morbo tentare (ft). — commovere: aby's stomach is disordered, qs alvo commovetur (Plin.). —|| To disturb the mind, mentem turbare; animum (vehementer) commovere qa re; animum conturbare (e. g. utilitatis specie), omnes animi sensus confundere (t Lucr.). — See also To Disturb. DISORDERED, see Disorderly. DISORDERLY, || Confused, turbatus. contur- batus. perturbatus. confusus. Jn. conturbatus et con- fusus. inconditus. perplexus [Syn. in To Confuse]. — impeditus (that is difficult to solve or to disentangle). — || Irregular, incompositus (not properly arranged or put to rights). — indigestus (not properly distributed, all lying in a heap ; e. g. moles, turba). — inordinatus (not put in its place, rank, or file; e. g. milites, impe- tus). — 1| Lawless, vicious; vid. — 1| In a disor- derly manner, confuse, incomposite. sine ordine. negligenter. — nullo ordine; sine ordinibus (these two of soldiers marching in a d. way). — effuso cursu (of sol- diers flying). — contra morem obsequii, or contra fas disciplinae (in an insubordinate manner; T. Ann. 1, 19). —dissolute, intemperanter. libidinose. effrenate [Syn. in Disorder]. DISORDERLY, adv. See end of Disorderly, adj. DISOWN, see Deny, Disclaim. DISPARAGE, see Undervalue ; Run down; De- preciate — undervalue. DISPARAGEMENT, obtrectatio (e. g. of another's fame or qualities, alienae gloria?).— despicientia. con- temptio. contemptus. Jn. contemptio et despicien- tia; spretio [Syn. in Contempt]. — |@^" elevatio (Q. ; is a sort of ironical depreciation) : without any d. to your dignity, sine ulla imminutione dignitatis tuae (of an actual lessening of it). — 1| Disgrace; vid. — || A match below the condition of one of the parties (French, mesalliance), nuptiae imp&res : to conclude such a match, impHri or cum imp&ri jungi. DISPARITY, dissimilitudo.— differentia (e. g. natu- rarum, C.).— diversitas (e. g. mira naturae, T. post- Aug.). — inaequalitas (post.-Aug.; e. g. coloris, Q.). — See Difference. DISPARK, irapahtiaov, quern vocant (Angli), rnace- (260) DIS riam diruere, or dirui jubere {aft. hanc in horto mace- riam jube dirui, Ter. ; and quos irapadeio-ovs appellant Graeci, Gell.). DISPART, see To Disjoin, To Divide. DISPASSION, see Calm, s. DISPASSIONATE, see Calm, adj. DISPASSIONATELY, see Calmly. DISPATCH, see Despatch. DISPEL, pellere (drive; e.g. maestitiam ex animo, C. ; curas, H.). — dispellere (scatter; caliginem, um- bras, V. ; tenebras, C). — depellere (drive away ; mor- bum, pericula, molestias ; metum ci). — propulsare (drive forth ; chase away ; morbos, Cels. ; suspicionem a se, C). — dissolvere (dissolve ; fig. cs gravitatem, C). — excutere (dash away; ineptias; severitatem). — ele- vare(/o takeaway; aegritudinem, sollicitudines, causas suspicionum). — riissipare (e. g. curas, + H.). To d. suspicions, suspiciones levare atque removere; suspi- cions diluere; causas suspicionum elevare. To d. aby's fear, metum ci levare (C); metum ci adimere (Q.) ; metu exonerare qm (L.) ; metum removere (L. ) ; metum or timorem ci dejicere (C); metum solvere (t V.); timorem tollere (Cces.). DISPEND, see To Spend. DISPENSARY, prps nosocomium or valetudinarium (see Infirmary). — taberna instructa et ornata medi- cinae [gratuito] exercendae causa. DISPENSATION, || Distribution; vid,— 1| Ex- emption fm some law, immunitas (fm athg, cs rei [e.g. omnium rerum, Cess. ; magni muneris, ft] or a re [e. g. a tributis, Suet.) ). — vacatio (fm military service, militiae). To grant a d. fm athg, immunitatem cs rei dare, or a re offerre (Suet.) : to grant aby a d. to do athg, dare ci hanc veniam, ut, &c. ; cs rei veniam dare, permittere licentiam, ut, &c. (see Permission.) — || Divine institution, leges et instituta; prae- cepta institutaque (with gen. of person, Mosis or Moysis, &c). The Mosaic d., Mosaica religio (Lac- tant.). — 1| Distribution of good and evil with regard to providence, numen divinum (the will of God); also consilium divinum. — Dei jussus (only in abl.) or jussum (the command) : by a divined., consi-- liodivino; *jussu divino ; divinitus (generally; of what is sent fm. above). I consider athg a d. of providence, qd divinitus accidisse mihi videtur (see C. Partit. 23, 82). DISPENSATOR, see Dispenser. DISPENSATORY, see Pharmacopeia. DISPENSE, see To Distribute. DISPENSE WITH, || To excuse, dimittere. sol- vere, exsolvere, liberare qm qa re (to exempt aby fm athg). Their attendance is usually dispensed with, paene liberum est, non adesse : is not to be dispensed with on any account, nemini, quominus adesset, satis justa excusatio videbitur (visa est, &c). To d. with a law in favour of aby, lege or legibus qm solvere, ut liceat, &c. (e. g. they deliberated whether they should d. with the laws that prevented Scipio's being consul, deli- berant, solvantne legibus Scipionem, ut liceat eum con- sulem fieri, Auct. ad Herenn. 3, 2, 2): to be able to d. with aby or his services, (facile) carere posse qare or cs opera ; non desidera're qd (not to miss athg) : not to be able to d. with athg, egere qa re ( = to be in want of) ; sine qa re omnino esse non posse (not to be able to do or be without it at all): athg that one cannot d. with, necessarius. DISPENSE, s. See Dispensation, Grant. DISPEOPLE (a country, #c), terram vacuefacere. incolas terra ejicere (see Np. Cim. 45).— vastare. de- vastare. pervastare. depopnlari. perpopulari [Syn. in To Destroy, To Lay waste]. DISPEOPLER, devastator, vastator. populator. eversor. Jn. populator eversorque [Syn. in To De- stroy]. DISPERSE, trans.) dispellere (e. g. the cavalry; with the accessary notion of destroying).— dispergere. dissipare (to dissipate, to scatter). — disturbare (to divide by driving asunder). — discutere (to break up by driving asunder ; e. g. an assembly). — disjicere (to throw asun- der, or into flight ; e. g. a phalanx). — fugare (to put to flight; e v g. the enemy). — || Intrans.) — (e. g. of a multitude) discurrere. diffugere. — dilabi (to walk off; to d. gradually or imperceptibly, of a crowd). — dif- fluere (e. g. humor, latex). DISPERSEDLY, disperse, disperse diffuseque (e. g, dictae res). — disperse muitis in locis (e. g. dicta, ft). — dispersim. effuse: ' dispersedly intermixed' (Wood- ward), confuse et permixte dispersi (ae, a, ft). DISPERSER, qui dispergit, dissipat, fugat, fundit, &c. DIS DISPERSION, dissipatio (e. g. error et dissipatio civium, C. Rep. 2, 4).— fuga (flight).— Mhj by Crcl. : aft. the d. of the enemy, fusis et (or atque) fugatis hostibus. DISPIRIT, see Dishearten. DISPLACE, || To put out of place, loco suo movere. — transponere (to put in another place, of things, loco movere also = to put out of an office, degrade, Sfc. ; also in alium locum transp. ; e. g. statuam in locum inferiorem). — transferre (move to another place ; of persons and things). — traducere (to lead to another spot). — transmutare (to transpose ; e. g. words, letters ; see Quint. 1, 5, 12, and 29). — qd sede sua moliri (by a great effort; e. g. montes, L.). — 1| To put in the wrong place, *in alieno loco ponere. — 1| To Dis- order; vid. — || Degrade by displacing, fyc, remove fm office, fyc, loco movere. — ex (qo) ordine (in alium) detrudere (e. g. qm ex secundo ordine in novissimum detrudere, Suet. Cccs. 29, in.). — removere, summovere, amovere qm a munere (fm an office). — abrogare or abolere ci magistratum (in the Rom. sense; abol. for ever) : to be displaced (of a magi- strate), abdicari magistratu (S.). DISPLACING, translatio (to another place; e.g. of words); translatio or trajectio or transmutatio verbo- rum (Gramm. ; but only of transposition) : of the let- ters, metathesis, (/ueraflecm) or pure Lat. trajectio (Gramm.). Mly by Crcl. DISPLANT, || Transplant; vid.— 1| Remove a people fm their residence, incolas terra ejicere (see Np. Cim. 2, 5). DISPLAY, || To set to view ostentatiously, ostentare qd. in promptu ponere (to set before people's eyes, in general ; see C. Off. 1, 35, 126). — proponere (set Jorth to view ; e. g. his plate, argentum, C). — propalam collocare (e. g. tabulas, signa, C). — prse se ferre (litr. to carry before oneself, to make a show of). — expromere (to bring forth or to light). — venditare or ostentare (to d. one's learning, literulas suas, in a contemptuous sense). — To d. for sale, qd venale exponere or proponere. — 1| To exhibit, ostendere (to show openly, to lay before the eyes of people ; e. g. potestatem suam, one's power). — patefacere (to reveal, discover; e. g. odium in qm). — exhibere (ci, e. g. one's good will, benevolentiam). — praebere ci (to prove athg to aby ; e. g. fidelity, fidem). — praestare (ci, to render, to show by one's conduct ; e.g. fidem, benevolentiam, animum). — probare (to give proof of; e. g. virtutem). — navare (athg towards aby, in qm, with accessary notion of its being done with anxiety ; e. g. studium ci ; benevolen- tiam suam in qm). || To Display itself, apparere (to come to light); also elucere (litr. to shine forth; e.g. friendship displays itself more among those that are of the same age, amicitia magis elucet inter aequales). — His character d.'s itself,* indoles ejus sese ostendit or clarius conspicitur ; more and more, ejus ingenii vires in dies magis elucent.— See To Discover itself. — || To carve, to cut up; see these words. DISPLAY, s. || Exhibition of; vid.— 1| In a contemptuous sense, ostentatio; e. g., d. of one's learning, *doctrinae suae venditatio quaedam atque os- tentatio ; of one's knowledge, fyc, ostentatio artis et portentosa scientiae venditatio (as Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 25. speaking of the barefacedness of medical men). — Crcl. he set out his plate for d., argentum proposuit ; tabulas et signa propalam eollocavit (see C. de Or. 1, 35, 161): to make a d. of one's learning; see To Display. DISPLEASE, displicere {v. pr.). — non placere. — qd habere offensionis (of things, to be offensive). — non pro- hari. improbari (to be found fault with, of things). — in- currere in cs offensionem (to incur aby's displeasure, give cause to offence, of persons); offendere qm (in athg, in qo, neul. in any matter ; by athg, qa re : e. g. verbo, vultu : also offendere apud qm qa re, C. Att. 10, 4): athg d.'s me, qd mihi displicet ; abhorreo a qa. re (/ am disinclined to athg). aegre or moleste fero qd. mo- lestum est mihi qd (athg vexes or troubles me) : aby d.'s me, displicet mihi qs : offendo in qo (to take offence). I give aby to understand that I am displeased with athg, me aegre pati qd ostendo. / can't help telling (you) that I am displeased with the thing, *rem mihi displicere non possum non profited : aby is displeased with athg, qd ci improbatur or non probatur (he disap- proves of it); qs qd aegre or moleste lert, patitur. qd ci molestum est (it is a trouble to him); pcenitet qm cs rei (he is quite put out by it). To be displeased at athg in aby, offendere qd in qo (C. Mil. 36; but only with ace. of neut. pron. aliquid). Sis to be dis- pleased with aby = to be angry with him; vid. DISPLEASURE, offensio (both the giving and the taking offence). — offensa (d. that one has drawn down (261) PIS upon oneself). — g^° Not displicentia. Sen. de Tranq. 2, 8, has displicentia sui, i. e. dissatisfaction with oneself ; instead of wch he uses, in the same chapter, fastidium and taedium. To draw upon oneself or incur ab if s d., incurrere or cadere in cs offensionem; suscipere invidiam atque offensionem apud qm : to have incurred aby's grievous d., magna in offensa esse apud qm (C). I am incurring aby's d., qs offendit in me : athg gives aby d., qd ci displicet ; qd ci improba- tur, qd ci offensioni est ; habeo ad rem offensionem (atque fastidium; athg is offensive to me). For other phrases see To Displease. — withd., invito animo : to feel d. ( = anger) agst aby, ci irasci, succensere. See ' to be angry with.' DISPLODE, see Explode. DISPLOSION, see Explosion. DISPORT, see To Play. DISPOSABLE TROOPS, copiae omnibus rebus or- natae atque instructae. — copiag ad rem gerendam or ad bellum instructae ac paratae. DISPOSAL, || The act of disposing, ordinatio. compositio. institutio. — ordo (the order). — descriptio. digestio (the arrangement). — 1| Power of bestowing ; Crcl. — Sts potestas, arbitrium may do (see Power"): to have at one's d., in potestate or in potestatem habere qm or qd (to have in one's power). — qd habere or possi- dere (g. it. to possess athg) : to put or leave athg at aby's d., in cs potestatem or cs arbitrio qd permittere (to leave entirely to the discretion of aby).— ci qd in usum tradere (if for use) : to be at aby's d , in cs potes- tatem or potestate esse (of persons and things) ; in cs arbitrio esse (T.) : to be at the d. of another, alieni arbi- trii esse (L.). To place a sum (of money) at aby's d., argentum ci exponere or aperire (i. e. in payment of a debt ; to tell the creditor that it is ready for him to take when and how he likes; Freund). DISPOSE, || To regulate, to arrange, dispo- nere.— ordinare. — componere. — digerere. in ordinem digerere [Syn. in Arrange]. — collocare. constituere (to put into a proper state or condition) : to d. troops, copias ordinare or disponere (the latter to point out to each soldier, or to each division a proper place ; see Np. Iph. 2, 2 ; in earn consuetudinem — ut singuli ab peri- tissimo imperatore dispositi essent). — || Employ; vid. — || To turn or employ to a particular end, vertere. — dirigere (to direct). — regere (to rule). — — instituere. constituere (establish). — 1| To incline, adducere, commovere, incitare or concitare qm ad qd [Syn. in To Incline] : to be favorably disposed towards aby, ci favere ; inclinatione voluntatis propeu- dere in qm (with regard to a party ; e. g. of a judge) : to be favorably disposed to athg, propensum, &c. esse ad qd. I am not disposed; see Disposed: to d. aby or aby's mind to athg, cs animum inclinare ad qd (e. g. ad pacem) : to d. aby to do athg, adducere qm, ut, &c, and ad rem faciendam ; cs animum inclinare, ut, &c. : this d.'s me to believe that, tyc, haec animum incli- nant, ut credam (with ace. and inf.). DISPOSE OF. To be translated according to its various idiomatic meanings ; to d. of property, lands ; see Sell, Alienate. — to d. of a cause; see 'To De- cide a cause:' to d. of a person or athg ( = what to do with it) ; facere with abl. dat. or (lessfreq.) de, fyc. : how am I to d. of this person ? quid hoc nomine faciam 1 he does not know how to d. of the money, nescit, quid faciat auro (Plant.): to d. of one's time; see to Employ or Time. — to d. of one's daughter to aby, in matrimonium dare or collocare filiam ci ; qam ci in matrimonio or nuptum collocare: to d. of athg ( = to put it away), qd auferre : to d. of aby ( = kill him), qm e medio tollere or tollere only (esply with the abl. of the means; e. g potione) : to d. of athg by will, in favour of aby, legare ci qd. ci legatum scribere. DISPOSED (towards aby or athg), inclinatus ad (e. g. for peace, ad pacem). — propensus ad qd (easily to be moved; e.g. to forgive, $c). — proclivis ad qd. pro- nus in qd or ad qd (easily giving way to ; e. g. to anger, 8fc). — animatus ; affectus [animo j (filled with a cer- tain sentiment, fyc): well-d. to aby, ci amicus, pro- pitius (the latter esply of the gods, seld. of men ; see Bremi Np. Dion. 9, 6) : to be well-d. towards a person, ci favere ; inclinatione voluntatis propendere in qm, amico erga qm animo affectum esse ; amice cogi- tare de qo : not to be well-d., inimico or infesto in qm esse animo; ci inimicum, infestum esse; qm odio habere; a qo alienum esse: to be ill-d. towards aby, nolle ci (not d. to favour him as a public mart): to be' ill-d. towards the stale, contra rempublicam seutire: i" am d. to do athg, animus inclinat, ut, &c. : not to feel d., a qa re alienum esse or abhorrere : to render aby DIS d., cs animura inclinare ad qd, e.g. ad pacem: this makes me d. to believe, that, hsec atiimum inclinant, ut credam with ace. and inf. — well or favorably d., bene animatus or afFectus : those that are well d., boni ; cives boni ; melior pars civium (the better class, speaking of the well-d. in the state) : ill-d., male animatus ; toward aby (fm envy, #c), malevolus : the ill-d. in the state, qui contra rempublicam sentiunt (i. e. hostilely d. towards the state). — rerun* novarum studiosi {those in favour of a change in the existing order of things). — inimici regis {the enemies of the king) : to be d. in such or such a manner, sic animo affectum esse ; eo animo or eamente esse (f^fjjT on no account sic sentire) : to bed. in just the same manner, eodem animo or eadem mente esse : with regard to athg, idem sentire de re {to think or judge the same of athg) : to be d. towards a friend as one would be towards one's own self, quemadmodum in se, sic in amicum animatum esse : not to feel d. to do athg, abhorrere ab qa re facienda. / am d. to believe, crediderim. — lEgjT / am d. to think, 8>-c, mag often be translated by baud scio an {or an non) ; nescio an, &c. / am d. to prefer this, #c, haud scio an hoc — anteponendum dicam, &c. — See Inclined. DISPOSER, || Distributor, vid.— 1| Governor, rector, moderator, gubernator. God is the d. of all things, rector universi Deus [Syn. in To Govern]; for wch Sen. (Qu. Nat. 5, 18) and Lactant. have dis- positor mundi Deus. DISPOSITION, || Arrangement; vid.— 1| Ten- dency; vid. || Temper of mind, habitus or affectio animi {the state of the mind; habitus, of an enduring state ; affectio, of either a momentary or lasting slate). — aifectus {the state of the mind at a given time). — mens (sentitnents, thoughts, as proceeding fm the peculiar d. of the mind). — animus {the mind or soul with all its faculties). — ingenium {the natural character of a man). — voluntas (will, inclination). — 1| Affection, predominant inclination, inclinatio animi or voluntatis ad qd (in classic prose never without animi or vol.).— proclivitas ad qd (a blameable propen- sity). — voluntas ingenii {natural inclination to an object). — propensa in qm voluntas, or propensum in qm studium (favorable sentiments towards aby). — amor in or erga qm : a kind or friendly d., animus benignus, benevolus, amicus; towards a per- son, in qm ; also studium cs ; benevolentia erga qm (H$gjT but bonus animus stands for 'good spirits,' 'cou- rage') : a hostile d., animus infestus ; agst aby, ci or in qm ; odium ; agst aby, cs (ill-will, hatred, fyc.) : a noble d., mens liberalis : mean d., mens illiberalis. illiberalitas : a haughty d. ; e. g. to be of, fyc. ; see Pride or Proud : a bad d., mens mala; improbitas; ingenium malum pravumque : a violent d., ingenium violentum. / know his d. but too well, ego illius sensum pul- chre calleo: it shows, or betrays, a mean d. to, fyc, jllud pusilli animi, quod, &c. : two brothers of very different d.'s, duo fratres longe dispares moribus. (l§ilP° Sls f m context, inclinatio only = 'favorable dis- position' towards aby. C&sar thinking that that favor- able d. should be turned to good account, utendum ea, inclinatione Caesar ratus, &c.) — 1| To make a dispo- sition of one's property ; seeTo Dispose of. DISPOSSESS, de possessione demovere or dejicere ; possessione depellere, deturbare (to turn aby out of his possessions). — See Take away; Deprive. DISPOSURE, |i Disposal; vid.— 1| State, pos- ture; obsol., vid. DISPRAISE, s. See Censure, s. DISPRAISE, v. See Censure, v. DISPREAD, see Spread. DISPROOF, see Confutation. DISPROPORTION, s. insequalitas (opp. congruen- tia aequalitasque, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 11).— inconcinnitas (want of apt symmetry; Suet. Aug. 86). — discrepantia (jarring difference ; used by C. with ref. to consistency of moral conduct, in actiones omnemque vitam nullam discrepantiam conferre debemus, Off. 1, 31, 11). — dissimilitudo (unlikeness). — pravitas (deviation fm that just proportion of parts that makes the thing what it should be). — parum apta membrorum compositio (d. between the limbs of any structure or composition : mem- brorum compositio, C). — *inaequalis tributio (dispro- portionate distribution ; aft. C. who gives aequalis tri- butio as a translation of \c). — attenuari (to grow thinner, to decrease). — collabi (to tumble together, or on a heap). — evanescere (to change into nothing, disappear entirely). — dilabi (to glide away ; e. g. amnis, glacies, C). Jn. liquefieri et dilabi — Dissolved, liquefactus et dilapsus (e. g. glacies, C). || To melt away in pleasur es, effeminari; molliri; emolliri. — See also in Dissipated. DISSOLUTE, see Dissipated. DISSOLUTELY, dissolute (in a careless, reckless manner). Jn. dissolute et turpiter. libidinose. in- temperanter [Syn. in Dissipated] : to live d., *licen- tius, effrenatius vivere. DISSOLUTENESS, mores dissoluti. vita dissoluta (recklessness of living, unrestrained by moral considera- tion). — vita libidinosa or libidinibus dedita. vita intem- perans (intemperate, debauched manner of life). — nequi- tia or nequities (the acts themselves that constitute d.) : d. of youth, adolescentia libidinosa et intemperans. — See also Dissipation. DISSOLUTION, || Of metals, coctura (g. t. for preparing in any way by heating ; also of melting; Col. Plin.). — conflatura (of metals ; Plin.). ■ — fusura (fusion; plumbi, Plin.). — || Destruc- tion by separation of parts, interitus et dissipatio (C). — dissolutio (e. g. imperii, T.). — solutio. — See Destruction. — 1| Separation of the body into its elements, dissolutio, with or without naturas ; also separatio animi ac corporis in morte (death). &« Death. || Dismissal of an assembly, probably dimissio (as C. uses dimissio remigum = dis- missal; and dimittere concilium, &c. is right). — 1| Dis- solution of a marriage, diffarreatio (i.e. of a legal marriage, in contracting wch, a religious rite was observed, and a loaf made of ' far,' £ea, was offered). — repudium (the sending away of the partner, on the part of the man).— divortium. discidium (separation of man and wife). — abruptio mat rimonii (an abrupt or unex- pected separation). — H5§r The formula was the follow- ing : res tuas tibi habeto or tuas res tibi agito. — 1| To agree to a dissolution of partnership, socie- tatem dirimere ; transigere cum qo. DISSONANCE, vox absbna.— *vox dissbna [Syn. in Dissonant]. (264) DIS DISSONANT, absbnus (deviating fm the right tone). — dissbnus (not harmonizing with the other tones ; opp. consbnus). — To be d., absonum esse. — dissonare. dis- crepare (not to harmonize). DISSUADE, dissuadere qd or de qa re. dissuasorem cs rei esse. — dehortari qm a or de re, or with ne, quin, quominus (see Zumpt, § 534).— abducere. dedu- cere. avertere. abstrahere (qm a re, are stronger terms; to turn aby fin a purpose). — non censere qd faciendum esse (esply of a member of a deliberative body) : to d. fm an opinion, qm de sententia deducere, demovere : fm a plan, project, fm what aby has taken into his head, qm a consilio revocare : not to allow oneself to be dissuaded, perstare in qa, re (to persist in athg) ; that does not suffer himself to be dissuaded, rirnius proposito (Veil. 2, 63): to d. aby, dissuadere, ne qs faciat qd or simply dissuadere qd or de qa re (^^° but never dis. ci qd, wch we do not find before Sen. Here. (Et. 929) ; avocare qm a qa re (to endeavour to turn aby fm doing athg) : to d. (or oppose oneself to) the passing of a bill, dissuadere, ne legem accipiant : to d. them fm setting the prisoners free, dissuadere de captivis ; captivos remittendos non censere; captivos retinendos censere. DISSUADER, dissuasor. DISSUASION, dissuasio. DISSYLLABLE, disyllabus (6i ; divisibilitas veru late (Tert.). DIVISION, || The act of dividing into parts, divisio.— partitio. distributio [Syn. in To Divide]. To make an equal d. of athg, aequa portione dividere qd. || The state of being divided, divisio. diremptio. diremptus. separatio. sejunctio. disjunctio. Syn. in To Divide (in the sense of keeping apart; 2nd sec- tion of that art.). \\That by wch athg is kept apart, paries intergerinus (a wall of d., propr.). — dis- crimen (impropr., distinction). || The divided part itself, pars, portio. membrum. Syn. in Part. || Scientific division, dispositio (e. g. in rhetoric, DIV architecture, %c. ; see also Disposition).— distributio {the arranging every thing in its proper place). — locus (the principal part of a subject). The d.'s of a literary work, pars (sing.). — particula (subdivision or paragraph, in general). — caput (principal d). — liber (bonk or chapter of a larger work): ad. in a speech, incisum, articulus (article). — membrum (kZXov) : d. in a verse, caesura, incisio (Gramm.). \\Distinction,\id. \\t.t.in arith- metic, divisio. || Milit. t., legio (a Roman legion). — pars exercitus (a part of the army, in general). — agmen (if on the march): in two, three, fyc. d.'s, bipartito, tri- partito : to march up in three d.'s or columns, tripartito agmine or diviso in tres partes exercitu incedere ; triplici acie instructa proficisci : by or in d.'s, exercitu in partes diviso (e. g., to advance or march up, incedere). || For the purpose of voting (in the senate), discessio. To insist that a d. shall be taken, discessionem facere : no d. took place, discessio non facta est (C). See To Divide, Intr. || Difference, disunion, vid. DIVISOR (in arithm.), prps. «divisor (as t. t.). DIVORCEMENT or DIVORCE, divortium; also discidium (considered as a separation). — diffarreatio (the declaring void or revocation of a marriage con- tracted by ' confarreatio'). — repudium (properly of a marriage only contracted, not solemnized; but also Syn. with divortium; Diet. Antiqq. p. 349. the sending away of a wife) : an unexpected d., abruptio matri- monii : to sue for a d., agere de divortio. See To Di- vorce. DIVORCE, v. matrimonium or nuptias dirimere : to d. a wife, divortium facere cum uxore; repudium remittere uxori ; uxorem repudiare ; uxorem matri- monio exigere (s. Ruhnk. Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 45) ; uxorem e matrimonio dimittere (or, if by force, expellere, to turn her out of doors) : to be divorced, separari ccenis et cubilibus discerni (to be separated a mensa et toro, aft. T. Hist. 5, 5, 2). || Fig.) To separate forcibly, see To Divide or To Separate. DIURNAL, diurnus ; see Daily, adj. DIURNALLY, see Daily, adv. DIVULGE, vulgare. divulgare. pervulgare (to spread the news of athg, div. with accessary notion of spread- ing in all directions ; perv. in a more extensive sense, through all the world, to let all the world know, e. g. rumorem, rem). — evulgare. in vulgus edere (what was to be kept secret). — signifioare, declarare, aperire sen- tentiam suam. dicere, quid sentiam de re (to reveal or declare one's opinion). — palam facere. in lucem or in medium proferre (to make known, to expose). — aperire. patefacere (to publish, to reveal, to lay athg open). — Jn. aperire et in lucem proferre. proferre et patefacere. enunciare (to publish, declare, fyc, especially tvhat ought to be kept secret, sociorum consilia, mysteria, &c. C. rem ci per indicium, Cces.). You must not d. it, hoc tibi soli dictum puta : athg is divulged, qd in vulgus emanavit. gs^" Dicta foras eliminare is poet, only (H. Ep. 1, 5, 25), instead of dicta foras efferre or proferre, to tell tales out of school. DIVULGER, vulgator (t«. g. taciti, 0. speaking of Tantalus, who divulged the secrets of the godi), or Crcl. qui famam cs rei divulgat ; qui edit qd in vulgus ; &c. — blatero (one who blabs, s. Gell. 1, 15, exlr.). DIZEN, ornare (g. t.). exornare. distinguere. comere. See Bedizen. — *cultu speciosiore quam pre- tiosiore uti. DIZZARD, see Blockhead. DIZZINESS, vertigo oculorum, or vertigo only. To cause d., vertigines facere (see ' To make Dizzy') : to slop d., vertiginem discutere or sedare ; offusam oculis caliginem disjicere : one who is subject to d., vertigino- sus: to feel a sensation of d., vertigine corripi. DIZZY, || Of a per son feeling so, vertiginosus. To become d., vertigine corripi : he felt quite d. fm look- ing down fm such a height, altitudo caliginem oculis offudit : to be d., vertigine laborare : to make (aby) d., vertigines facere. || Causing dizziness, vertigines faciens. A d. height, unde despici vix sine vertigine oculorum potest (in L. sine vertigine quadam simul oculorum animique) ; or altitudo oculis caliginem offundens. || Giddy, thoughtless; see Giddy. DIZZY, v. See 'To make dizzy,' in Dizzy, adj. DO, facere. agere. gerere(fac, iroieiv, to 'make,' used esply of productive activity ; and with ref. to the means taken to produce an effect, and to the effect itself, as something abiding ; agere, irpdrTetv, is more general, 'to do,' ' to be doing,' with ref. to the object pursued and to its occupying, generally, the mind of the agent: also of 'actions' that, when done, remain, as invisible things, in the memory, not as visible effects. Facere is, however, used absolutely and with neut. pronouns, #c, in the (270) DO sense of 'do,' when 'conduct,' or the 'efforts' of the agent are referred to [faciam, ut potero ; multa feci ; quae, &c. ; plus, quam feci, facere non possum] ; and always when ' do ' is used as the representative of another verb, the repetition of wch is thus avoided, e. g. supplex te rogo, quod sine summo dolore facere [the act of imploring you on my knees] non possum. — gerere refers to the series of actions by wch athg is carried o?i and completed ; e.g. quae etiamsi voluntate Dolabellae fiebant, per istum tamen omnia gerebantur, C). — administrare (to manage, superintend ; to be the person who actually executes what is to be done). They acted on their own discretion, and did whatever seemed best to be done, per se, quae videbantur, administra- bant. To do too much or too little, modum excedere in qa re : I don't know what to do, quid agam or faciam nescio ; consilii inops sum ; incertum est, quid agam ; quo me convertam, nescio : he believed ' that he hath nothing done, that doth not all,' nihil actum putabat, si quid superesset agendum : to be able to be done, fieri posse : (to enquire, $c.) what they should do in their situation, quid facerent de suis rebus : to do good, evil, bene, male agere or facere : to do right, recte agere; recte facere dggg" the latter in as far as the effect of the act is such as it ought to be; see the differ- ence between agere and facere as explained above)', to have a great deal to do, multis occupationibus disti- neri ; to have always something to do, assiduis occupa- tionibus impediri ; to have plenty to do, satis nego- tiorum habere; athg gives me a great deal to do, res me occupatissimum habet; to have enough to do with one's own affairs, suarum rerum sat agere: to do nothing, nihil agere (g. t. = being unoccupied); domi desidem sedere (to sit idle at home); studia negligere (to neglect one's studies) : to have nothing to do, otiosum esse (to be at leisure); negotiis vacare or vacuum esse (to have no business that one need do) ; *quaestum manu facere non posse (to be out of work, of a day labourer) ; to set aby something to do, ci pensum impe- rare (propr., to give the female slaves a certain quantity of wool to spin, $c, as Q. 3, 7, 6; impropr., of setting any task or work) ; cs operam conducere (to hire aby as a labourer). — [g||r Most phrases formed with substt. adjj., or advv., e. g. to do penance, one's duty, right, &c, are to be looked for under those substantives. || To accomplish, effect, perform, finish; see those ivords. \\ To have intercourse, fyc, with aby, ratione cum qo conjunctum esse (with ref. to con- nexion in trade, fyc); mihi commercium est cum qo (with ref. to intercourse); mihi res est cum qo (my business is with him; I have to settle it #c, with him). I have, or will have, nothing to do with such men, tales homines fugio. || To meddle with or be em- ployed in athg, operam suam navare ci rei ; versari in re : to have nothing to do with the management of athg, vacare administratione cs rei : I will have nothing to do with it, hanc rem non attingam : J have nothing to do with this (it is not my business), hoc meum munus non est ; hae non sunt meae partes : what have I to do with that? quid ad me? quid mihi cum ilia re? II To take a course with a person: e. g. what can we do with that fellow ? or what is to be done with him ? quid hoc homine or huic homini facias ? There is nothing to be done wi'h him, *homo est ad omnia in- eptus ; in eo et operam et oleum perdidi (whatever trouble you may take about him will be thrown away, C. ad Div. 7, 1) : what am I to do with him? quid illi or illo faciam (H^IT not cum illo, wch is only used once by Plant. Capt. 4, 2, 22, in this meaning. The most usual construction is that with the abl. or dat. : the preposition 1 de' is comparatively rare ; principally in the passive form with ' no ; ' e. g. what will they do with me ? quid de me fiet?). || Emphatically used (= I pray) e.g. do come to me instantly ! amabo te, advola ! do place yourself in my position, fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te : do say! dicdum ! do make haste! agitedum! do write, $c, fac scribas, &c. ! do show! ostende vero! do take it! cape vero! do lay aside your anger ! minue vero iram! do let us mount our horses! quin conscendimus equos! do answer! quin respondes ! do hear (what I have to say)\ quin tu audi ! do leave me alone! quin omitte me! do but consider ! fac co- gites ! || Implying assent ; e. g. I shall now rest fm my work. Do! ( = very well !) esto (be it so) ! bene ! recte ! pulchre (as term of applause) ! quam maxime (very well) ! ita est (that's it, as answer) \ Miscellaneous phrases. — We do you to wit, *omnes sciant. *ne ci sit ignotum (as formula at the beginning of a document); *omnibus sit edictum (as formula of an edict): to do nothing but, nihil aliud DOC quam (with a verb, e. g. discursare) : they do nothing but play, orane tempus in ludo consumunt : he does nothing but talk about it, istud semper habet in ore: I have nothing to do with this, hoc nihil ad me attinet : I have nothing to do with you, nihil mini tecum negotii est : to do every thing oneself, omnia per se obire : to do aby a good turn, ci officium praestare; beneficio qm afficere; gratum ci facere; ci gratincari; beni^ne ci facere: you will do me a great kindness or favour, if, fyc, magnum beneficium mini dederis, gratissi- mum mihi feceris, si, &c. : to be able to do a great deal with aby, auctoritate sua multum valere apud qm : to do something for aby, in cs causa qd eflicere : to do something for aby (=■ assist him), qo qm auxilio adju- vare; adjuvare qm in qa re : the work is not quite done yet, operi nondum accessit ultima manus : what has that to do with it ? quid hoc ad rem ? / have nothing to do with that, nihil hoc ad me {sc. pertinet) : how can that be done? or, is that to be done? qui potest? as far as it can be done, quoad fieri potest: he declared it could not possibly be done, hue ullo modo fieri or effici posse, negavit: / have done it, rem absolvi : I have done with the book, librum perlegi {i. e. have read it through): to have done the task, peregisse laboris sui pensum : you have nothing to do here, *nihil est, quod hie agas; or by the question, quid tibi hie est negotii? (what is your business here?): have done ! omitte me! sine me (leave me alone) ! potin' ut desinas ? (can't you hold your tongue? Com.);— done! en dextram! (there is my hand!) or cedo dextram ! what are you doing? quid agis ? quam rem agis ? quid facis or instituis ? how do you do? quid agis? quidagitur? (how are you getting on?) ut vales ? (how are you ? how do you feel ?) ; what are you going to do ? quid inceptas ? i" can do it by myself, rem ipse conficere possum : I will take care that it shall be done, hoc mihi curae or cordi erit : what is to be done ? quid faciendum est? to get athg done; see To Get. To do great mischief, magnum malum excitare : what was all that to do about (= what was all that noise about) in the market? quid tumultus or turbae fuit apud forum? that will do, sufficit mihi qd (that is sufficient, I want no more) ; sed satis de hoc ; sed satis jam ver- borum est ; nolo plura dicere (let us say no more of it) ; also sed haec hactenus ; sed finis sit (let us drop it) ; heus tu, manum de tabula (have done, give over now, as C. ad Div. 7, 25, 2) : that will never do, *hoc mihi nunquam probabis (i.e. of a frivolous excuse); hoc quidem non adducar, ut credam ; non facile adducar (not inducar) ad credendum (you will not easily make me believe that) : it does not do for aby to do so and so, non decet qm qd facere (e. g. oratorem irasci) : one can do nothing with him, *homo est ad omnia in- eptus (not fit for athg); homo est morosior et difficilior (he is of a nasty temper, so that one cannot get him to do athg to oblige one; also with ' compressis, quod ajunt, manibus sedere,' as used proverbially by L. 7, 13; not to stir an inch): to be doing vjell, in rebus secundis esse ; in bona conditione constitutum esse : J am doing pretty well, *habeo, unde me sustentem (i. e. I am getting my living) : not to be doing well, afnictiore conditione esse ; in rebus adversis esse ; parce ac duriter vitam agere. To do again, reficere.— reparare (to repair). — in melius restituere (to improve). — reconcinnare (to put to rights again ; s. C. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 3).— emendare (to cor- rect). — retractare (to go over again). — repetere (to re- peat). — iterare (to do a second time). — redintegrare (to d. afresh). — retractare (to set to work again at athg). To do away with, see Abolish, abolere. To do over, see 'to coat with.' To do up, involvere; involucro tegere; in fasces colligare. To do up one's luggage, sarcinas colligere ; vasa colligere ; sarcinas aptare itineri (the first of sol- diers or others, the two last of soldiers only) : to do tip a parcel of goods, merces in fasciculos colligare : to do up with a cord, astringere or constringere (e. g. luggage, sarcinas). To do without, see ' to dispense with.' DOC1BLE or DOCILE, \\Easy to be taught, doctlis. qui cito qd discit. To show oneself very d., do- cilem se prsebere ad qd. || Tractable, qui regi potest (propr. and im prop r. ; s. Sen. de Ira, ii. 15, exlr.). — tractabilis (C). — Ig^p" Not mollis ( = loo yielding; giving way in every thing). DOCIBLENESS or DOCILITY, docilitas (ingenii). ceieritas ad discendum. — «natura tractabilis (tractable- ties s). DOCK, s. || A stump of a tail, Crcl. trunca (lilr. mutilated) cauda (aft. trunca manus, T. Ann. 13, 14, 3). — cauda parva. caudicula (a small or short tail; later (271) DOE only). || A station for ships, navale, and (more cmly) pi. navalia : nearest to the port and d.'s, proximus portu navalibusque (Cces.) : to come out of d., ex nava- libus deduci (Cces.). \\ To lay ships in dock, naves subducere (to lay them on a dry place, aft. the navigation is stopped by the season ; but not naves tra- here ad litora, = to drag them to the shore agst the will of the captain ; as, Sail, fragm. in Serv. Virg. JEn. 3, 425, of Charybdis). \\ The plant, rumex (Plin.). DOCK, v. To cut off a tail, caudam equoprae- cidere (L.). A horse with his tail docked, equus curtus (Prop. 4, 1, 20; it is probable, according to Kruse's Hellas, part i. p. 366, that this operation was not unknown to the ancients). See To Curtail. || Of an account or bill; see To Deduct. DOCKET, || A ticket tied on goods, *index. || To strike a docket, prps *qm ut solvendo im- parem deferre : or *postulare, ut in possessionem rerum debitoris quidam ex creditoribus ejus mittantur. DOCTOR, Physician; vid. || As academi- cal degree, doctor. A d.'s degree, *doctoris honores, munus, dignitas. To take a d.'s degree, *amplissimum doctoris gradum adipisci ; *ad amplissimum doctoris gradum promoveri ; *in doctorum ordinem ascribi; •doctoris nomine insigniri (K.) : to be going to take (or to apply for) a d.'s degree, *summos doctoris honores petere : to take the degree of d. of laws with great credit, ♦magna cum laude gradum doctoris juris adipisci (Wyttenb.). A d. of divinity, law, medicine, philoso- phy, doct. theologiae, utriusque juris, medicinae, philo- sophise. DOCTOR, v. dare, praebere ci medicamentum. — curare. DOCTORAL, by gen. doctoris. DOCTORSHIP, *doctoris dignitas ac nomen. *dig- nitatis doctoris insigne (cf. C. ad Div. 10, C, 9). DOCTRINAL, e. g. d. verse or poem, *carmen in quo praecepta traduntur. — *carmen didacticum (t. t.): d. subject, res, in qua praecipitur, traditur : d. means, do- cendi ratio, e. g. as displayed by Socrates, disserendi ratio a Socrate profecta : d. proposition, praeceptum : d. points, or articles, *capita doctrinae sacrae. DOCTRINE, doctrina. praecepta, orum. praeceptio (the sum or summary of precepts or truths). — disciplina. — decretum. dogma (n.). — placitum or scitum (theprin- ciple, in as far as it is based on the opinion of the phi- losopher ; s. C. Acad. 2, 43, 133 ; 2, 9, 27 and 29. Sen. Ep. 95, 9). — An elaborate system of d., satis et copiose et eleganter constituta disciplina ; accurate non modo fundata, verum etiam exstructa disciplina : philoso- phical d.'s, praecepta philosophiae or philosophorum (the precepts of philosophy); also praecepta et instituta philosophiae ; praecepta officii (moral precepts). DOCUMENT, || Precept, $c. vid. || Deed, record, literae. tabulae. Public d.'s, publicae tabulae: to draw up d.'s, tabulas conficere. DODDER, *cuscuta (Linn.). DODGE, || To deal with t ergiv ersation; to use shifts, dolum componere. artificium excogitare. || To play fast and loose, qm eludere et extrahere (to make a fool of aby, to put him off fm one time to another). — qm lactare et falsa spe producere (to raise aby's hopes and then disappoint him; Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 24). — qm variis dilationibus frustrare. qm variis frus- trationibus difftrre, qm per frustrationem differre (to put aby off fm one day to another by some fine tale). — orationis vanitatem adhibere (if by empty words). — falso promittere (by false promises ; 0. Her. 20, 195). || In running, vertere se. gyros variare (in T., of horses): to d. a person, flexu eludere (e. g. qui cursu parum valent, flexu eludunt, Q. 9, 7, 28). — *sequentem qm flexuoso cursu effugere ; or *multis maeandris flexioni- busque effugere qm (aft. quos tu maeandros, quae de- verticula flexionesque quaesisti, C, but of a person re- turning by a devious course). DODGE, s. flexus (e. g. flexu eludere, Q. 9, 7, 28). DODGER, homo multorum temporum (one that uses tergiversation). — homo vanus or vaniloquus. || One who dodges in running; Crcl. qui flexu eludit (Q-). DODO, *didus. DOE, cerva: d.-rabbit, *Cuniculus femina (aft. lupus femina, Enn.; porcus femina, C. Leg. 2, 22, 57). DOER, auctor facinoris or delicti ; fm the context, auctor only. — Crcl. qui, quae facinus or flagitium or scelus commisit ; qui, quae facinus in se admisit ; ad quern, ad quam maleficium pertinet (the d. of a crime); also machinator or princeps atque architectus sceleris. — beneficiorum auctor or qui beneficia in qm confert DOG or contulit (a d. of good). — princeps, princeps et archi- tectus cs rei (the principal d. of athg): a great talker but little d., lingua promptiorquammanu. lingua fortis (L. 23, 45); in periculis timidus, sicubi metus absit, inflatus {timid in danger, bold when it is past; Just. 2, 10,23). DOG, s. canis : a little d., canicula : a young d., catulus. catellus (young and small) : a lap-d., catellus, quem mulier in deliciis habet (Val. Max. 1, 5, 3): a house-d., canis domesticus : to set d.'s on aby, canes immittere in qm : to keep d.'s, canes habere, alere : of d.'s, caninus : the barking of d.'s, latratus canum : like a d., canum more : the d. tax, tributum in sin- gula canum capita impositum {aft. Cces. B. G. 3, 32): the bite of a d., morsus canis ; morsus canis rabiosi {of a mad d.): d.'s milk, lac caninum: d.'s mouth, rictus caninus (t). D.-Lalin, *latinitas in culinis nata : ♦latinitas cullnam redblens : d.-kennel, stabulum ca- num. tugurium canis (t): d. skin, pellis canlna: d,- collar, s. below. — d.'s-nose, rostrum canis : d.'s-tooth, dens caninus: d.'s tongue, lingua canis or canlna: a mad d., canis rabidus or rabiosus : to live the life of a d., in miseria esse or versari: to treat aby like a d., ci contu- meliose injuriam facere ; qm contumeliose vexare : to be as tired as a d. ; see Dog-tired : to send to the d.'s, projicere: to go to the d.'s, pessum Ire. perire. \\Dog — the male of an animal (as d.-fox, Src), mas. DOG (as epithet), scelus. scelestus, but pi. faex populi, sentlna reipublicae (the French canaille); also homo deterrimus (a contemptible individual) ; homo ignavus (a coward). DOG (the constellation), see Dog-star. DOG, v. indagare. odorari. Jn. indagare el odorari. — investigare (to follow the trace of athg). — odore ant qo leviter presso vestigio qd persequi (to follow by scent or track, as a d. ; C. Verr. 4, 24, 54). DOG-BRIAR or DOG-ROSE, *rosa canlna. cynosb&- ton. DOG-CHEAP, vilissimo pretio : to buy d., vilissimo (sc. pretio) emere. sere pauco emere (Gell. 9, 4, 5). DOG-COLLAR, maelium or mellum (a doge, armed with sharp points ; Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15). — aimilla (iron ting for a dog's neck; hence canis armillatus, Prop.. 4, 8, 24). DOG-DAYS, dies caniculares. DOG-FLY, *musca canicularis (Linn.). DOG-GRASS, *triticum caninum (Linn.). DOG-HEARTED, «ce Cruel. DOG-HOLE, see Dog-kennel in Dog DOG-KENNEL, see Dog. DOG-LOUSE, ritfnus. DOG-SLEEP. To sleep a d.-s., vigilanti naso ster- tere (Juv.). DOG'S-TAIL-GRASS, *cynosurus (Linn.). DOG-STAR, canicula. Sirius. The greater and lesser d.-s., canis major et minor. DOG-TEETH, dens caninus (sing.). DOG-TIRED, defessus ; defatigatus ; lassitudine confectus : d.-tired, or as tired as a dog frn running, cursu et lassitudine exanimatus. / am d.-t., or as tired as a dog, omnia membra lassitudo mihi tenet (Comic). DOG- WOOD, cornus. DOGE, *dux Venetus. *summus apud Venetos magistratus. DOGGED, see Sullen. DOGGEDLY, see Sullenly. DOGGEDNESS, see Sullenness. DOGGEREL, *versus rhopalicus (t. t.). — *versus Leoninus (the middle caesura of wch will rhyme with the end). — versus inculti et male nati (bad verses in general; H. Ep. 2, 1, 233) : abusive d., *prorsus canlni versiculi (aft. prorsus canlna eloquentia, Q. 12, 9, 9). DOGGISH, morosus (esply of old people). — mordax (impropr. of persons, biting like a dog) : in ad. manner, morose; mordaciter. DOGMA, dogma, atis (doypia), or pure Lat. decretum or (post-Aug.) placitum or scitum (a determination; a point ruled by a philosopher). — ratio (principle ; method of thinking and acting of a philosopher or other person ; in wch sense principium is not Lat.). — praeceptum (pre- cept ; rule, fyc. ; also of a philosopher ; H. Ep. 1, 1, 18; Sen. Ep. 95, 12).— institutum. Jn. praecepta instituta- que philosophise. — sententia(o/}i'wicm; also of a philoso- pher). DOGMATIC, *dogmaticus. *ad legem Christianam pertinens. D. theology, *doctrina sacra. See Dog- matically. DOGMATICALLY, || Magisterially, tamquam magister (e. g. persequi omnia, (?.)•— jactatione doc- (272) DOM trinse (with a parade of one's learning, $c). There »> nothing so disgusting, as to hear a man talk d., nihil odiosius est jactatione doctrinae (aft. Q. 1,6, 40, and 1, 5, 11) : one that speaks d., multiplicis variasque doc- trines jactator (aft. Q. 11, 1, 17; one that would be thought to know every thing). — flgg|>° polyhistor, as title merely of a well-known work of Solinus. — To decide a thing d. and offhand, prius dijudicare, quam quid rei sit scias (Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 8): to begin to talk d., ad praecipiendi rationem delabi (C). DOGMATICALNESS, «judicium plenum arrogan- tiae. — pertinacia (obstinate perseverance in matters of opinion). — vincendi studium (the desire to show that one is in the right; s. C.Acad. 1, 12, 44; pertinacia aut vincendi studium). — *praecipiendi et docendi pertina- cia, or pertinacia only (obstinacy in defending one's opi- nion). DOGMATIST or DOGMATIZER, *pertinax sen- tentias suae defensor. — qui prius dijudicat, quam quid rei sit sciat (Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 8). *cujus omnis oratio quasi praecipientis cujusdam et docentis est. *qui ad praecipiendi rationem nunquam non delabitur. — *qui tamquam magister praecipit : nothing more hateful than a d., nihil odiosius est jactatione doctrinae. DOGMATIZE, ad praecipiendi rationem delabi (to begin to d.). — opinionem suam pertinaciter defendere (Q.). — quasi prsecipere et docere videri (aft. C. Lcel. 46).— tamquam magistrum persequi omnia (C. deRep. 1 , 2, though not in a contemptuous sense). — affirmare de re (to assert or maintain alhg to be so and not other- wise; s. C. Eel. p. 60). — prius dijudicare, quam quid rei sit scias (Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 8); also *arrogantius judicare (to decide a point arrogantly). I am afraid of seeming to d., vereor, ne quasi praecipientis cujusdam et docentis esse videatur oratio (C. Lai. 46). DOING or DOINGS, see Action, Deed, Feat. DOLE, || The act of Distribution; vid. \\Athg presented or distributed, donum. munus. prae- mium. jactura. donarium. corollarium. xenium ($eviov). donativum. congiarium. liberalitas ( = donum, not before silv. age), munusculum [Syn. in Gift, Present]. || Provision or money distri- buted in charity, demensum (g. t. for what is mea- sured out in portions). — cibus or victus diurnus (food or provision given out daily; s. Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, b). — stips. beneficium (an alms; vid.). — portio (a part of the whole, in as far as aby has claims on. it, only used in class. Latinin 'pro portione'). — 1| Grief, vid. DOLE, v. See To Distribute. DOLEFUL, see Dismal. DOLEFULLY, see Dismally. DOLEFULNESS, see Grief. DOLL, pupus. pupulus (male). — pupa, pupula (fern. ; all four also as term of affection). — 1| FiG.)puella putida (an affected woman, one dressed like a d.). DOLLAR, *thalerus; *numus imperialis (Rix-d.). DOLORIFIC, see Painful. DOLOROUS, \\ Painful, vid.— 1| Doleful, sad, vid. DOLOUR, see Grtef, Pain. DOLPHIN, delphlnus. DOLT, baro. — stipes.— caudex. — germanus asinus. DOLTISH, see Stupid. DOLTISHLY, see Stupidly. DOLTISHNESS, see Stupidity. DOMAIN (or demesne), *praedium privatum princi- pis. DOME, see Cupola. DOMESTIC, s. See Servant. DOMESTIC, or DOMESTICAL, || Kept about [i. e. near] the house; domesticated (of animals), domesticus (e. g. quadrupedes, Cels. 2, 18; a meaning wch Freund has overlooked). — villaticus (kept about the villa; i. e. country house and farm; gallinas, Varr.; alites, Plin. ; quadrupedes, Plin.). — cohortalis (kept in the farm yard, cohors or cors ; aves, Col. 8, 2). — domi natus (e. g. omne animal quadrupes domi natum, Cels. 2, 18). D. animals, pecus (tidis ; opp. fera). — 1| Be- longing to the house, domesticus (relating to one's home, household, or family, opp. forensis, t. e. relating to public or official life; or opp. communis, belonging to all others). — privatus (relating to private life, or a pri- vate individual, opp. publicus, i. e. relating to the state or the public welfare, #c; s. C. Att. 1, 17, 6 ; non forenses res, non domesticae, non publicas, non privates carere diutius tuo suavissimo atque amantissimo con- silio ac sermone possunt). — umbratilis (relating to athg that is done quietly, or at home; e. g. exercitatio). — attentus ad rem. diiigens (economical, careful). — frugi (orderly, homely, good, in a domestic sense) : d. affairs, DOM negotium domesticum. res domesticas. domus (the house). — res familiaris, fm the context res only (the money-matters, property, fyc). — negotia domestica. domus omcia (duties of the wife) : to manage, super- intend, fyc. the d. affairs, negotia domestica curare; domus officia exsequi (of the wife) conficere ea, quae domi debent administrari : the nature of women is adapted for the management of d. concerns, natura comparata est mulieris ad domesticam diligentiam : d. evils, malum domesticum; dolor intestinus (pain felt respecting such evils; Serv. in C. ad Div. 4, 5, 2); maeror domesticus (grief respecting d. affairs, opp. moeror communis, Suet. Cal. 5). — 1| Liking to re- main at home, §c, rarus egressu (seldom going abroad; T.). — *domi focique amans or amantissimus (fond of his home; cf. domi focique meminisse, Ter.). — *qui parietum umbris libenter se occulit. — qui (qua?) nidum servat (prov. H.). — qui libenter domi or domo se tenet or retinet. qui libenter publico caret or se abstinet. qui domo raro excedit or egreditur. To be very d., parietum umbris occuli. in interiore sedium parte sedere (both of the Greek women). — 1| Intestine, not foreign, intestinus (occurring in one's own coun- try; opp. externus, foreign). — domesticus (see above); Jn. intestinus ac domesticus : d. evils, malum, quod inhaeret in visceribus (of the human body as well as the stale), malum intestinum. malum intestinum ac domesticum (of the state): d. affairs, res domesticae (with ref. to the state). DOMESTICATE, || To make domestic, ♦parie- tum umbris assuefacere qm. *assuefacere qm domi or domo se tenere, retinere. efficere, ut qs publico carere or se abstinere possit. || Tame; vid. DOMICILE, see Abode, House. DOMINANT, dominans (in qo or qa re). — superior. To be d., dominari (e. g. ubi libido dominatur, C.) : to be d., plus posse, superiorem esse. DOMINATE, dominari. dominari nimia potentia. — praevalere. — plus posse, superiorem esse. DOMINATION, dominatio (opp. libertas; despotic power, propr. and impropr. ; C); Jn. dominatio reg- numque (C). See Dominion, Tyranny. DOMINEER, dominari in qm; superbe crudeliter- que tractare qm (to treat tyrannically ; C. Phil. 13, 8, 17. Justin. 42, 1, 3). DOMINEERING, imperiosus. — superbus (proud). insolens (haughty towards others). — arrogans (arrogant): in a d. manner, imperiose. pro imperio (e. g. to order aby to be off, qm discedere jubere). superbe. insolen- ter. arroganter. DOMINICAL, *dominicus (used by Col.). The d. letter, *dominica litera (as Sccl. t. t.). DOMINICAN, *monachus ordinis Sancti Domimci ascriptus. DOMINION, ditio. jus (power arising fm a right wch a person possesses over any one). — potestas (might, power). — imperium (supreme command). — Jn. jus ditioque ; ditio potestasque ; imperium ditioque : to be under the d. of aby, esse in cs ditione (potestate) or in cs ditione ac potestate; cs juris esse or haberi : to bring under the d. of aby, sub or in imperium (potestatem), sub jus ditionemque cs redigere; sub imperium ditionemque cs subjungere: to bring under one's d., in ditionem suam redigere; ditionis suae or sui juris facere: to be brought under aby's d., cadere sub imperium ditionem- que cs : to have d. over aby, qm in sua potestate habere, in sua potestate et ditione tenere ; ci imperare ; im- perium or dominationem habere in qm : to have d. over a country, imperium cs civitatis obtinere : to have d. over the whole world, omnium terrarum dominum esse : to exercise d. (absol.), imperium tenere, impe- rare ; regnare (to reign, esply of the monarchy of a king; then g. t. of the .unlimited power of a governor in any sphere). — (]^^° dominari in qm means only to play or act the lord over any one, to tyrannize over him); Fig.) dominari (e. g. where the will has d., ubi libido dominatur) : fortune has d. in all things, fortuna in omni re dominatur. || Dominions ; see Realm. DON, princeps. — virclarus, &c. — potens vir. In our ludicrous sense of the word, to be a d., sese esse qm or qd putare. DONARY, donarium (dedicated to a god; L. 42, 28). DONATION, see Gift. DONATIVE, || Largess; vid. DONE (as form of accepting a wager), en dextram ! (here's my hand .') ; cedo dextram ( give me your hand upon it). DONJON, arx, or arx munitissima, or arx intra mceiiia edita (L. 45, 28). (273) DOR DONOR, auctor doni or muneris ; t§HT donator and dator, un-Class. DOODLE, homo deses, desidiosus or iners et desi- diosus. DOOM, v. || Condemn, damnare. condemnare (to athg, abl- or gen. if it is money, fyc. ; but to the public works, mines, 8,-c, in or ad; damn, in metallum, in opus publicum, ad bestias, Marcian. Dig. ; condemn, ad metalla, ad bestias, ad munitiones viarum, Suet.). || To destine (of the gods, fale, 8fc). If you are doomed to, fyc, si fatum tibi est (with ace. and inf.) : if he had been doomed to, fyc, si fatum fuerat (with ace. and inf.). How is it that I am doomed to, 8fC ? quonam meo fato fieri dicam, ut, &c. ? Milo is doomed to be unable to preserve himself, Milo hoc fato natus est, ut lie se quidem servare posset. / am doomed to suffer the same fate, mihi eadem sunt patienda; or ego eun- dem fortunae exitum laturus sum (if near at hand): if the commonwealth is doomed, si jam fatum extre- mum reipublicae venit : aby is doomed to die by a fall fm his horse, ci fatum est ex equo cadere atque ita perire : he was doomed to suffer this, ci hoc divinitus accidit. DOOM, s. || Decree of fale, fatum. fati necessitas. necessitas divina. — || Fated destruction, fatum extremum cs rei (e. g. reipublicae, C.) or fatum only, or fati et exitii dies (C). See Destruction. || Judge- ment, sentence, fyc. ; vid. DOOMSDAY, see 'day of Judgement.' || Dooms- day- book, *liber censualis regni Anglici a Gulielmo primo confectus ; or *tabulae censoriee regni Anglici a Gulielmo primo confectae. DOOR, ostium (any opening for an entrance, tsply in the interior of a house; fi^f the ancients usually hung only curtains, vela, before the entrances of the several apartments of a house ; more rarely they employed folding-d.'s, fores) — janua (a house-d.). — foris, usually pi. fores (as the d.'s mly consisted of two leaves). — valvee (pi. double d.'s, i. e: folding back like a win- dow-shutter) : a back-d., ostium posticum, posticum only (g. t.); pseudoth^rum (a secret back-d.; C. post Red. in Sen. 6, 14): a front-d., janua: bedroom d,, fores cubiculi : to be let in by the back-d., pseudothyro recipi (opp. janua intromitti, C.) : to open a d. to athg (fig.), fenestram ad qd patefacere (e. g. ad nequitiam ci, Ter.); januam or (C.) aditum januamque patefacere (e. g. to glory, famae, Plin. Ep. 1, 18) : to enter athg by any d., qa janua ingredi in qd (C. ; fig.) : fm d. to d., ostiatim : to open a d., ostium, januam, or fores pate- facere, aperire (g. «.).— fores reserare (to unbolt\ fores recludere (to unlock) : to shut a d., ostium, januam, fores operire (g. tt.). ostii pessulum obdere (to bar); fores obserare [to bolt), fores claudere or occludere (to close the leaves) : to knock at a d., januam, ostium, or fores, pulsare : to break open a d., fores effringere ; frangere januam (H.) : to attend at the d., ostium obser- vare : to let in at a d., qm janua intromittere : to drive fm one's d.'s, qm januae aditu arcere ; qm janua prohi- bere; qm excludere: to show aby the d., jubere qm abire or discedere : to be at the d. (fig.), imminere or impendere. subesse (e. g. fames impendet ; mors im- minet ; hiems suberat) : to turn aby away fm one's d.'s, qm limine submovere ; repeilere foribus (to drive away with violence) ; prohibere janua ; exclu- dere qm (not to suffer him to come into the house). To turn (a son) out of d.'s, abdicare filium. || To lay athg at aby's d.,q& ci acceptum referre ; qdciassignare (L.); culpam ci attribuere, assignare ; culpam conferre, con- jicere, vertere in qm : the fault does not lie at my d., a me haec culpa procul est : some blame, however, lies at your d., tua tamen nonnulla culpa est : the blame lies at my d., ego sum in culpa; in me est culpa; mea est culpa: all the blame lies at your d., tua summa culpa est. DOOR-KEEPER, janitor (janitrix if fern.).— januae custos. — ostiarius. DOORPOST, postis.— Vilr. calls the d. -p.' s of tem- ples antepagmenta (Diet, of Antiqq.). DOOR-SILL, limen. limen inferum (*/ it is neces- sary to distinguish it). DORIC, doricus (Plin.). To speak d., dorice loqui (Suet.). DORMANT, mortuus (used, in this sense, of laws that have become a dead letter, leges, C). Jn. mortuus et antiquus (leges, Vcrr. 2, 5, 18). — dormitans. osci- tans et dormitans (e. g. sapientia, sleepy, inactive). To be d., jacere (e. g. of the art of a physician when there is no disease ; of justice, justitia jacet ; judicia jacent, C. ; of virtues when pleasure rules, and of money, C). DOR DORMITORY, cubiculum (C.).— cubiculum grande (Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 10). — cubiculum dormitorium or dor- mitorium only {Plin.). — cubiculum noctis et somni {Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 22). — dormitorium membium (Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 9). The sitting rooms and d.'s, cubicula diurna nocturnaque (Plin. Ep. 1,3, 1).— 1| Cemetery; vid. DORMOUSE, glis.— *sciurus glis (Linn.). DORSEL or DORSER, see Pannier. DOSE, || Portion of medicine, portio. But mly by Orel. Take for a d. a piece about the size of a bean, quod iEgyptiae fabse magnitudinem impleat, satis est (Cels.) : apiece about the size of a vetch is a sufficient d., ex his, quod ervi magnitudinem habet, satis est devo- rasse (Cels.) : one of them of the size above-mentioned is plenty for a d., unum autem ejusdem magnitudinis, qua? supra posita est, abundeestsumpsisse(CW.s.): tlied. of it is a piece of the size of a lupine dissolved in three cyathi of water, quod lupini magnitudinem habet, in tri- bus cyathis aquas diluitur : to take a d. of medicine, acci- pere medicinam ; medicamentum bibere, sumere : to give aby a d. of medicine, dare ci medicamentum (ad or contra qd); medicamentum potui dareci (if a draught). — 1| Share, quantity ; vid. DOSE, potionem dare. — gg|r potionare in low Lat. ; but Suetonius used potionatus, dosed. DOSSIL, see Lint. DOT, s. punctum (properly, pierced with a short in- strument, o-rry/ia ; but also of any d. ; e. g. in writing). — interpunctum (C. ; placed aft. a word). — To look like a mere d., quasi puncti instar obtinere : to put a d. after a word, interpungere (Sen. Ep. 40, 10; with the ancients only to distinguish separate words). DOT, v. *punctis notare or distinguere. DOTAGE, deliratio (v. pr. ista senilis stultitia, quae deliratio vocatur, C. Sen. 10, 36). To be in his d., de- lirum esse, delirare. An old man in his d., senex de- lirans (Ter.). \\ Excessive fondness ; see Fond- ness. DOTAL, dotalis (CO- DOTARD, delirus senex (C). senex delirans (Ter.). stultus senex. DOTATION, dotis datio (Jurist, t. t.) or Crcl. with dotare. DOTE, delirare. — 1| To dote upon athg, *insano cs rei amore or studio affici or incendi (to love pas- sionately). — qm in oculis gerere or gestare. qm in siim gestare (to love with fond affection). — insanire in qam (H. ; of the passion of love). DOTINGLY, *insano amore. — dementer (rare). — insipienter. — stulte. DOTTEREL, \ *Charadrius Morinellus (Linn.) : sea- DOTTREL, J d., »Tringa Interpres (Linn.). DOUBLE, duplex (twofold; a multiplicative; de- noting the d. as distinct magnitudes to be counted ; e.g. fossas, vallum, stipendium). — duplus (a proportional ; representing d. as continuous magnitudes to be weighed or measured ; duplex as adj., duplum as subst.). — geminus (of wch each is twin to the other; duplex denotes doubleness with similarity or equality ; geminus denotes similarity or equality with doubleness ; D'od.). — geminatus (repeated over again in exactly the same form, fyc). — anceps (having two heads ; hence, fig. having two sides or directions ; that may be considered in two points of view. 'In anceps there always lies the notion of what is doubtful, critical, or dangerous; not that of simple doubleness ;' Herz. ad Cces. B. G. 1, 26). — bipartitus (divided into two parts). — A soldier who receives d. rations, miles duplicarius : a d. victory, vic- toria geminata. The double, duplum. alterum tan- tum (for wch duplex appears first in L ). — bis tantum (Varr.). A d. victory, victoria geminata (L.). proelium anceps (Cces. Np.): to make d., duplicare, geminare. A d. cloke, amiculum duplex (Np.). A d. saw, ex omni parte dentata serra or serrula (s. C. Cluent. 64, 180). A d. sense, ambiguitas (e. g. verborum). — suspi- cio ridiculi abscondita (double-entendre). A d. sun, sol geminatus. — soles bini (two seen at once; Sen. Qu. Nat. 1, 11, 1). A d. door, fores bifores or only fores (having two leaves; if each is folded like a window-shutter, they are called valvae). D.-tongued, bilinguis (speaking two languages; also fig. hypocritical, fyc). — ambigui inge- nii (deceitful, fyc). — bisulcilingua only Com.; Plant. Pcen. 5, 2, 74. A d. tongue, ambiguum ingenium. DOUBLE, s. || Twice as much, duplum; alterum tantum; bis tantum (Varr.). — \A turn in running, flexus (Q.). — 11-4 trick, $c. ; vid. Prps fiexiones. — maeandri (aft. quos tu maeandros — quae deverticula flexionesque quaesisti, C. ; but in him it is said of a per - 1274) • DOU son returning by by-ways, fyc. under circumstances of disgrace). DOUBLE, v. Trans.) duplicare (v. pr. propr. and fig.). — geminare (to put two things together so that they may appear a pair; to put two equal things together; e. g. legionum castra). — 1| To sail round a cape, liectere promontorium (C. Divin. 2, 45, 94). — circum- vehi promontorium (L. 10; also partcp. act. circum- vehens, as he was doubling, fyc.).— \\ To double down a leaf, *schedae marginem replicare (marginem re- plicare, Plin. 9, 33, 52).— 1| Intrans.) duplicari.—|| To double and turn, hue atque illuc tergiversari. — ♦maeandros multos flexionesque quaerere (See quota- tion under Double, s.). — to elude by doubling, flexu eludere (Q.). DOUBLE-DEALER, (homo) bilinguis (Plaut. Phcedr.). callidus et simulator (T.). See Deceiver. DOUBLE-DEALING, see Deceit. DOUBLE-DYED, bis tinctus. DOUBLE-ENTENDRE, suspicio ridiculi abscon- dita (C). DOUBLE-FACE, see Duplicity DOUBLE-FACED, see Deceitful. DOUBLE-MEANING, ambiguitas (e. g. verborum). If = double-entendre; vid. DOUBLE-MINDED, qui vario or mobili est animo. To be d.-m., animo or ingenio vario esse; animo or in- genio mobili esse. See Inconstant. DOUBLE-TONGUED, bilinguis. homo bilinguis. DOUBLER, qui duplicat. — IfHT duplicator very late; Sid. DOUBLET, see Waistcoat. DOUBLING, fiexio. D.'s and turnings, maeandri flexionesque (C. ; of the d.'s and taking by-ways of a person returning in shame).— flexus (in running; e.g. qui cursu parum valent, flexu eludunt). DOUBLY, dupliciter (in a twofold manner or degree ; is always modal ; e. g. dupliciter delectari tuis Uteris), duplo (by as much again, is proportional). — bifariam (in two parts or places, is local). DOUBT, v. intrans.) dubitare. — dubium esse, in dubio esse (to be doubtful).— dubitatione aestuare (to be in a stale of agitating doubt or uncertainty ; see C. Vcrr. 2, 30, 74). — animo or animi pendere (not to be able to make up one's mind) — To d. about athg, dubitare de re (not with the ace, in class. Lat., except of a neut. pron.) : to d. a little, subdubitare. I d. whether, dubito, num, &c. / do not d. that, fyc, non dubito, quin, &c. ($^f"not dubito, with the ace. and inf., is used in this sense by Np., but is better avoided; in the sense of' hesitate' itis class.) D. not but that I shall do every thing, illud cave dubites, quin ego omnia faciam : can you d. that, fyc. . . ? dubitabitis, quin . . . ? |g|r Sts ' / doubt' is used in the sense of ' I fear ;' e. g. ' I doubt he will not come,' vereor ut veniat. See Fear. DOUBT, trans.) Mly by dubitare de qa re : to d. your affection for me, dubitare de tua erga me volun- tate (so dub. de divina ratione; but a neut. pron. will be in the ace). DOUBT, s. dubitatio (only in the sense of a person's uncertainty and hesitation as to what he should decide; hence often with quin, ne, num, quidnam). — ■ scrupulus (the thing that causes me to doubt and hesitate). difficultas (the difficulty of a thing, as preventing one fm getting at the bottom of it). — J^p° Whenever ' doubt' is used to denote that one considers a thing as doubtful, uncertain, $c. the neut. dubium is used; but never sub- stantively with another adj. Hence, nullum est dubium; sine ullo dubio are barbarous. — Without d. ; beyond a d., sine dubio ($*j^Tnot absque dubio) ; haud dubie; certe (undoubtedly ; e. g. haec lectio sine dubio, or haud dubie, vera est; si deus scit, certe illud eve- niet); sine ulla dubitatione (without any hesitation ; hence, haec lectio sine ulla dubitatione praeferenda est). 'Without doubt,' may also be frequently translated by non dubito: without d. all your friends have written to you, non dubito, quin ad te omnes scripserint: to be in d., dubium esse (of persons, and objectively, of things); dubitare (of persons only; subjectively): to be the subject of d., dubium esse; dubitari. / have or make no d., non, or nihil, dubito (that, but that, quin) : d. is entertained, dubitatur; ambigitur. I am in d. whether, dubito, num ; dubius, or incertus, sum utrum, . . . an : there is no d. that, non est dubium, quin ; nemini dubium est, quin. / cannot entertain a d. that, hoc sine ulla dubitatione confirmaverim (with infinitive) : to cast a d. upon, qd in dubium vocare, devocare, or revocare : to entertain a d. about athg, dubitare de qa re ( Hg^T In class. Lat. dubitare does not take an ace, DOU except that of a neut. pronoun) : to put a thing out of d., qd haud dubium relinquere : to leave in d., dubium, or in dubio, relinquere : a d. arises in my mind, dubitatio mihi movetur or affertur; scrupulus mihi injicitur : to remove aby's d., dubitationem ci eximere, expellere, or tollere (his hesitation) ; scrupulumci eximere ; scru- pulum ci, or ex cs animo evellere : not to leave the slightest d. in aby's mind, omnem dubitationem ci tol- lere. DOUBTER, qui dubitat, &c. — g^f dubitator (Tert.). DOUBTFUL, \\I.Subjective, of persons) dubius {when one does not know what to choose). — incertus {when one does not know what conclusion to draw, or what resolution to take) : to be d., dubium esse ; in dubio esse ; dubitare ; incertum esse ; animo or animi pendere. I am d. what to do, dubius, or incertus, sum, quid faciam ; incertum mihi est, or in incerto habeo, quid faciam ; dubius, or incertus, sum, utrum — an ; non satis mihi constat, . . . nS (appended) ... an. || II. Objective ; that occasions doubt) dubius. — in- certus. — anceps. — ambiguus (dubius and ambiguus denote doubt with ref. to success or failure; good or bad luck, fyc. ; anceps, with ref. to the very existence of a thing; e. g. bellum dubia et interdum anci- piti fortuna gestum, Dod.; ambiguus also refers to trustworthiness ; e. g. homo ambigua fide ; homo ambi- gui ingenii) : d. cases, ea quae dubitationem afferunt : to be d., incertum or dubium esse; non constare : to leave a thing d., qd in medio, in dubio, in incerto relin- quere : to become d., in dubium venire. DOUBTFULLY, dubie (opp. pro certo; e. g. signum d. datum). — dubitanter (doubtingly ; C). — non sine dubitatione; or by partcp. dubitans. haesitans. To speak d., dubitanter dicere (C); dubitare (with haesi- tare, se revocare, C). DOUBTFULNESS, see Uncertainty. DOUBTINGLY, dubitanter. : DOUBTLESS, adj. (obsol.) securus. See Fearless. DOUBTLESS, sine dubio; non dubie; haud dubie; certe. See ' without a Doubt.' DOUCEUR, see A Present. DOVE, columba. columbus (tame; -us esply of the male) — palumbes. palumba. palumbus (the larger; wood-pigeon, ring-d. ; -us esply of the male). — colum- bulus, -a (dim. ; as common as columbus, -a). — palum- bulus (Appul. Met. 10, p. 249, 16; also a term of fond- ness for a person of the male sex). My d., mea columba (term of endearment to a female). DOVE-COLOURED, *columbinus (e. g. color). DOVE-COT, columbarium, columbarii cella (g. tt.). — turris. turricula (standing on an insulated pillar in the court-yard). DOVETAIL, securicula (weXeKwurov, propr. ' little hatchet,' in carpentry, a d. ; Vitr. 10, 17, &c.).— subscus (an iron that cramped two pieces of wood d.-tailed into each other). Jn. subscudes et securicuke (Vitr. 4, 7, of several). DOVETAIL, v. *securicula compingere or *sub- scude et securicula compingere (of several pieces, or generally, compingere subscudibus et securiculis, Vitr. 4, 7, in past partcp.). D.-tailed, securiculatus (Vitr. 10, 15, cardines). — compactus subscudibus et securi- culis (of several ; Vitr. 4, 7). DOUGH, farina ex aqua subacta (Plin.). To knead d., farinam subigere, depsere. DOUGHTY, see Brave, Illustrious (as used ironically). DOUSE, see Immerse, Plunge. DOWAGER, vidua, cui dos (a marito) legata est (aft. Instit. Just, si uxori maritus dotem legaverit, 2, 20, 1.5). — *vidua, cui annuum relictum est (aft. si cui annuum relictum fuerit, Ulp. Dig. 33, 1, 14), or, fm context, vidua only. DOWDY, mulier male vestita. DOWER or DOWRY, dos (wch the Rom. law divided into dos profecticia [ = quam pater mulierisdedit] and adventicia [ = ea, quae a quovis alio data est, Ulp. Fr. 6, p. 134). To settle a d. upon a daughter, filiam dotare, filiae dotem dare.— ft^T The Rom. terms were dotem dicere of the wife, herself, or any debtor of hers whom she authorized, or am/ male relation; dotem dare or promittere, of aby (Ulp. ib.). To leave the wife her d., uxori dotem legare (Instit. Just. 2, 20, 15): an action for the recovery of a d., actio ad dotis repetitionem (Ulp.): to receive a d., dotem accipere : not to be able to settle a d. on his daughter, filiae dotem conficere non posse (Np.) : the d which a father settles upon a daugh- ter, returns to him upon her death, mortua in matrimo- nii muliere dos a patre profecta ad patrem revertitur (275) DOW ( Ulp.) : to pay back a d., dotem reddere. Having a large d., dotata. DOWERED, dotatus [with a large dowry). DOWERLESS, indotatus. DOWLAS, "linteum crasso filo. DOWN, s. || Soft feathers, pluma. Swan's d., plumae cycni : covered with d., pluma obductus. — || Down- like hair (propr. and impropr.), lanugo (of the beard : of plants, arundinum, Plin.). — pappus (thistle-down, fyc, pappi carduorum flores ; pappi vo- lantes) : covered with a soft d. like a spider's web, ara- neosa lanugine obductus (Plin). — 1| Plain, *campus paullo editior. DOWN, adv. and prep., deorsum (downwards). But mly by de in composition : to bend d., deflectere, de- torquere (with force) : to bow d. (intrans.), inclinari ; se demittere : to bring d., deferre. deducere (to lead d.) : to bring d. prices, annonam levare or laxare (of corn) ; frugum pretia levare. Ccesar was brought d. ( = reduced) to two legions, Caesar ad duas legiones redierat : to burn d., deurere (e. g. pluteos turrium, C). concremare (to destroy by fire, tecta) : to be burnt d., deflagrare (intrans.) ; incendio conflagrare (C.) ; conflagrari (Auct. ad Herenn.): to call aby d., devo- care qm : to comb d., depectere : to come d., descen- dere; fm, de : to come d. in one's demands, *remitto de iis, quae postulavi ; remittere de pretio (to ask lest,) : to cut d., caedere ; decldere (e. g. nlicem, Col. ; rare). concidere (hew d.); trucidare. trucidando occldere ; ob- truncare (butcher) : to cut d. woods, silvas sternere dola- bris (Curt.) : to draw d., detrahere (e. g. lunam, by en- chantments) : to drop d. ( = fall d. in drops), destillare : to fall d., decfdere (g. t.) ; proctdere. — deferri. {with force; and d. something along wch one is carried). — devolvi (to roll d.; e. g. jumenta cum oneribus devol- vebantur, L.). — defluere, delabi (softly and unperceived ; defi. also of a garment, ad pedes, V.) : to fall d. stairs, scalis devolvi ; the steps, praecipitem ire per gradus) : to fall d. fm a height (of water), ex edito desilire : to fall d. at aby's feet, ad pedes or ad genua cs procumbere (or ci ad pedes, &c ) ; se demittere or submittere ad cs pedes ; accidere ad cs pedes (or ci ad pedes) : to fall d. on one's knees, in genua procumbere : to float timber d. a river, *ligna secundo flumine deferre. — deferre ligna (of the stream itself ; L. 23, 19) : to flow d., defluere. — delabi (to glide d.). — decurrere (to run d.) : to fly d., devolare (fm, de) : to get d. fm his horse, ex equo (C.) or equo (S.) descendere ; ex equo desilire (Cces.) : to go d., descendere, degredi : to hang d., dependere ; fm athg, pendere or dependere de qa re (also sometimes [1] ex ; pend. ex arbore, C. ; e trabe, O. ; [2] a or ab ; sagittae pendent ab humero, C. ; pend. a vertice, V. ; and [3] abl. only ; pend. pinu, V. ; hasta dependet humero, V. ; qm laqueo dependentem invenire, L.). Hanging d., dependens. — pensilis (of what floats in the air). To help aby d., ci dextram tendere (to give him your hand): to knock aby d., qm ad terram dare, qm terras or ad terram affligere.— qm arietare ad terram (hurl him roughly to the ground; Curt. 9, 7, 22); to lay oneself d., procumbere (g. t.). corpus sternere or prosternere (at full length), decumbere. recumbere (on a couch, to eat or sleep) : to lay oneself d., or lie d. on athg, recumbere in qa re (e. g. in herba). decumbere in qa re (e. g. in lecto). To lay d., deponere (g. t.) : to lay d. a magistracy, magistratum deponere. de magi- stratu se abdicare (very seld. magistratum abdicare) ; magistratu abire . to lay d. the command, imperium deponere ; their arms, ab armis discedere or recedere: to leap d., desilire (fm, ex ; into, in) : to let oneself d., se abjicere ; to athg, descendere or se demittere ad qd : to let d. a curtain, aulaeum premere or mittere (i. e. on the stage at the beginning of a play ; thai being the Rom. way of making the stage visible) : to look d., de- spicere : look d. upon ( = despise); See Despise. — to pour d., defundere : to press d., degravare : to run d., decurrere: to run athg d. (fig.), vituperando affli- gere qd ; qd abjicere et prosternere ; in pejorem par- tem rapere ; aby, auctoritatem or famam cs elevare : to send d., demittere : to sink d., (leniter) de- mitti(=/aM d., vid.) ; desidSre or subsidSre (on the ground): to strike d., decutere qd (e.g. of lightning; see Knock down): to throw d , dejicere. — prascipitare or praecipitem dare (headlong) : to throw d. statues, sta- tuas dejicere, depellere (C.) : to throw oneself d., se de- jicere (fm a wall, de muro ; fm a rock, de saxo or ex rupe.) ; se abjicere (fm a wall into the sea, e muro in mare; on the grass, in herba. — J^^p" not in herbam) ; se praecipitare (headlong ; de saxo ; in mare) : to totter d., titubante gradu degredi (aft. Col. 10, 309).— 1| Upside down. To turn every thing upside d., ima summis T 2 DOW miscere or mutare ; summa imis confundere; omnia turbare et miscere ; omnia in contrarium vertere : ccelum et terras miscere.— 1| Down the stream; d. a river, secundo flumine or secunda aqua; also secun- dum naturam fluminis. To swim, sail, flow d. the stream, secundo flumine or secunda aqua deferri; also devehi only (T. ; devectus Tiberi. Arare, &c.).— 1| To pay the money down, praesenti pecunia or nume- rato solvere ; pecuniam repraesentare ; in pecunia ci satisfacere ; prgesentibus numis emere qd. — 1| To run up and down, sursum deorsum cursitare (Ter.). — ■ || Prov. To be going d. the hill (i. e. of life), cres- cunt anni, decrescunt vires. DOWN {as an abridged sentence) : d. with every thing, omnia sternite ferro (L. 24, 38) : d. with it ( = pull it d. ; take it d.), demite, avellite. DOWNCAST, demissus. afflictus. maerens {all three together, C). demissus et oppressus (e. g. animus, C). — tristis et conturbatus (C). To be d.-c., esse fracto aninio et demisso ; esse animo demisso atque humili. — demittere animum (C), demittere se animo (Cces.). See Dejected. A d.-c. look, vultus demissus or oeuli demissi(Z.; both propr.) — tristis vultus {sad counte- nance) : with a d. look, tristis demisso capite {really, hanging down his head). DOWNFALL, occasus {e. g. reipublicae). — obitus occasusque {used by C. in speaking of his exile). — Jn. obitus et interims, casus interitusque {e. g. reipublicae). — interitus (e. g. legum). — ruinae {the downfall ; over- throw of a man's fortunes, fyc). — exitium {tragical end of a person or thing). The d. of the empire, totius im- perii occasus : to try to effect aby's d., ci perniciem strue-e, parare, moliri : to conspire to effect it, consen- tire ad opprimendum qm. See Destruction. DOWN HEARTED, see Downcast, Dejected. DOWN-HILL, as adv.) deorsum. — as adj.) declivis {opp. acclivis) ; the subst. being declivitas. DOWN -LOOK ED, see 'with dejected counte- nance 1 in To Deject. — tristis demisso capite. — de- missis in terram oculis (L. 9, 38; i. e. fixing his eyes on the ground ; but sorrow may be implied). DOWNRIGHT, || Absolute; without disguise or falsification, germanus {e.g. a d. ass, germanus asinus, C. ; d. irony, germana ironia, C). — Jn. verus ac germanus. — Often by the adverbs prorsus, plane; the adjj. totus or summus; or nihil aliud — nisi; quid est aliud — nisi 1 He is a d. cheat and liar, totus ex fraude et mendacio factus est : it is d. madness, to wait till the enemy's forces are increased, exspectare dum hostium copiae augerentur, summae dementias est : what is this but a d. defiance of Providence ? *esthoc nihil aliud, nisi Deo repugnare. quid est aliud hoc, nisi bel- lare cum Deo? (aft. C. de Sen. 2, 5) : not to do athg is d. carelessness or laziness, qd non facere prorsus negli- gentis aut pigri est (Q.): this is a matter of d. neces- sity, hoc est prorsus necessarium (Q.) : who but a d. fool? quis, nisi plane stultus ? (C.) A fellow of genuine d. impudence, homo bene naviter impudens (C). — || Simple, straightforward (of character), aper- tus. simplex, sincerus.— homo apertae voluntatis, sim- plicis ingenii. DOWNRIGHT, adv. simpliciter (in a plain straight- forward manner). Jn. simpliciter breviterque (e. g. dicere). — simpliciter et candide (in an open manner). — simpliciter et libere (Plin. opp. dissimulanter et furtim). — plane, prorsus (quite). — sincere, sine fraude. aperte (all, e. g. to speak, act, fyc). recta via, (without digression ; e. g. narrare ci qd). To deny a thing d., infitiari, infitias ire qd : to refuse or deny a thing d. to any one, ci precise negare; ci plane, sine ulla excep- tione praecldere (both absolutely). DOWNWARD, orf/. declivis.— 1| Depressed; vid. DOWNWARDS, deorsum (e. g. ferri ; opp. sursum). DOWNY, plumeus (like down). — plumosus (covered with much down). — lanuginosus (of plants, herba, folium). Very d. (of a plant, #c), multa et molli lanu- gine ohductus. DOWSE, see Slap. DOZE, leviter dormire.— placid e dormitare (to be sleepy; to begin to sleep).— Dozing, semisomnus, semi- sopitus (bothC): still dozing, fere adhuc dormiens ; non satis experrectus (C). — 1| Fig. To live, #c. in a drowsy state, dormire. dormitare in otio (Plant.). — oscitari et dormitare (C). Dozing, semisomnus (fig. ; C). — <| Trans.) soporare (Plin. Cels.). To be dozed, semisomnum stupere (L. 30, 5). DOZEN, duodecim. — duodeni (distributively ; and with nouns that have a pi. only : a d. letters, duodecim epistolae ; duodenae literae) : consisting of a d., duo- denarius. (276) . DRA DOZINESS, semisomnus sopor. Crcl. with dor- mitare, soporari, somnus me urget, semisomnum esse, &c. DOZY {fig.), oscitans et dormitans,— iners, piger, &c. DRAB, see Harlot. DRAB, adj. See Brown, Dun. DRACHMA, drachma. DRAFF, see Dregs, Re'fuse. DRAFFY, faeculentus (propr. ; Col., vinum). — || Worthless ; vid. DRAFT (order for money), argentum perscriptum ; see Check. — To pay by a d. upon aby, pecuniam a qo repraesentare (C). DRAG, s. || Car drawn by the hand, traha (without ivheels; Col. 2, 20, 4 : a little d., tragula, Varr. L. L. 5, 31, 39). — 1| Instrument with hooks (for dragging a river to find a dead body, fyc), harpSgo (g. t. ; for an instrument with wch to snatch athg). — 1| Drag- net ; vid. DRAG, v. trans.) trahere (g. t. in almost every meaning of the Engl, verb ; fessum corpus vix trahere posse; trahere reospedibus; qm tribus catenis \inc- tum ; Hectorem circa su3 Pergama, 0. ; qm ad Prae- torem ; virginem passis crinibus a templo, V. ; andim- propr. ; animum exigua spe, L. ; qm secum in eandem calamitatem : to d. on a wretched existence, vitam, Plin. ; and = 'protract,' bellum, pugnam, qm diu ; rem in serum, L.).— rapere (Ig^IT raptare, poet. ; to d. along by irresistible force with the notion of resistance on the part of the person dragged). — abstrahere. ab- ripere (to d. away fm or to a place) : to d. forth, extra- here (e.g. qm domo latitantem, C. ; qm elatebra, Suet. ; senatores vi in publicum, C. ; also = to protract, rem, certamen, &c). — protrahere (e. g. qm capillis in viam, Plaut. ; qm ad judicium, L. ; qm tenebris, Vat. Max. ; and in Suet., $c. = 'protract' for wch trahere, extra- here or producere are used by writers of the gold. age). To d. aby to execution, qm rapere ad supplicium or mortem : to d aby before a court, qm rapere in jus : to d. aby with one, trahere qm secum. See To Draw. DRAG, intrans.) To d. (of a g*wn, 8,-c), verrere terram (aft. Claud. Stilich. 2, 248) : to let it d., trahere. || To drag for fish, *everriculo piscari or pisces capere. TO DRAG on or along, trahere : to be scarcely able to d. on one's limbs, fessum (cursu) corpus, or membra, aegre trahere. To d. on a wretched existence, vitam ducere (mly with an addition to state how ; Krebs). DRAGANT, tragacanthum (Cels.). — dragantum (Veget.). DRAG-CHAIN, sufflamen. To lock a wheel by a d.-c, rotam sufflaminare, or (Juv.) sufrlamine stringere. DRAGGLE, trans.) trahere (e. g. amiculum, Plaut). DRAGGLE, intrans) trabi (Plaut.; e. g. sine trahi, i. e. amiculum). — verrere terram (aft. Claud. Stil. 2, 24H). To let his toga d., si decidat toga, earn non reponere (Q. 11, 3, 149). Don't let your garment d., amiculum sustolle ocius. DRAG-NET, verriculum. everriculum (distinguished fm rete, jaculum, funda, casting-net ; Voss. V. Geo. 1, 141). DRAGON, draco, serpens. — Jn, draco serpens (snake). — draco, anguis (the constellation). DRAGOON, levis armaturae eques.— dimKcha (as one who fights either on horse or foot; v. Freinsh. Curt. 5, 13, 8). Dragoons, equites, qui prceliis saepeex equis desiliunt, ac pedibus prceliantur (Cces. B. G. 4, 2, mid.). But simply = cavalry ; vid. DRAIN, s. incilis fossa, inclle (for water) ; fossa percussa ad colligendum humorem circumjacentium agrorum (for collecting the water fm lands ; Plin. Ep. 10, 70, 4); cloaca (a sewer, explained, Liv. 1, 56, by receptaculum purgamentorum). A clearing of d.'s, i. e. sewers, purgatio cloacarum (Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 4): to open a d., inclle aperire; to make one, incile ducere. DRAIN, v. (afield, fyc.) siccare (g. t. to dry up, pa- ludes, agros, &c). — fossis siccare (e. g. humidum locum). — fossas percutere ad colligendum humorem agrorum. — "fossis percussis humorem agri colligere. DRAINAGE, aquae deductio. DRAKE, anas mas. § Ducks and drakes, tes- tarum in mare jaculationes (M in. Felix) : to play at ducks and d.'s, testarum in mare jaculationibus ludere (Min. Fel.); or testes teretes ita super undas irrotare, ut assiduo saltu subleventur (the game is fully described, Min. Fel. Expos. — Is lusus est, testam teretem, jac- tatione fluctuum levigatam, legere de litore ; earn testam piano situ digitis comprehensam, inclinem DRA ipsum atque humilem, quantum potest, super undas irrotare, ut illud jaculum vel dorsum maris raderet, vel enataret, dum leni impetu labitur; vel summis fluctibus tonsis emicaret, emergeret, dum assiduo saltu sublevatur. Is se in pueris victorem ferebat, cujus testa et procurreret longius, et frequentius exsi- liret). To make ducks and d.'s of his money, rem suam conficere or lacerare ; effundere, profundere, &c. DRAM, || The weight, drachma (as weight ; Plin. 21, 34, 1 09). — II Colloq.; for a very little, tantu- lum (a favorite word of C.'s) : if there could be a single d. of difference, si interesse quippiam tantulum modo possit (potuerit, &c): not a single d. of, ne tantulum quidem. — || The quantity swallowed at a draught, haustus : a d. of brandy, haustus vini e frumento expressi. A d. drinker, vini e frumenti ex- pressi potor or (Plaut.) potator. DRAMA, fabula.— drama, dramaticum poema (Aus. Ep. 18, 5; Diom. 4, 80, P.; necessary as t. t.). Vid. Play. DRAMATIC, scenicus (Varr. Ling. Lat. 9, 11, 17). — dramaticus (dpa/jLartKo? ; Diom. 4, 80, P. ; neces- sary as t. t.). The d. art, *ars scenica : d. poets, poetae scenici: d. poetry, *poesis scenica: to give a d. descrip- tion of athg, sic exponere qd, quasi agaturres (C. Tusc. 1, 4, 8). See Drama, Play. DRAMATICALLY, scenice ; velut scenice (e. g. fieri, Q. 6, 1, 36). To represent athg d., sic proponere qd, quasi agatur res, non quasi narretur (C. Tusc. 1, 4, 8); qd ita ostendere, ut non clarior futura sit spec- tantibus (Q. 8, 3. 63). DRAMATIST, poeta scenicus {Varr. L. L. 9, 11, 17). DRAMATIZE, ad actus scenarum componere. — loquentem, agentem facere qm (to d. a character). DRAPE, v. || Make cloth; vid. Cloth.— || Jeer, satirize; vid. DRAPER, qui pannos vendit. To be a d., pannos vendere, venditare. DRAPERY, || Cloth manufacture, textrinum (sc. opus, weaving; C). — || Cloth; woollen cloth ; vid. Cloth. — || Drapery (as applied to the repre- sentation of dress in painting and sculp- ture), vestitus. amictus (dress). — rugae, sinus (the folds, $c. of the dress). Any painter or sculptor is famous for his d.'s, *pictor (or statuarius) qs rugas sinusque ves- tium singulari opere artificioque exprimit or imitatur. Painters take great liberties in their d.'s, *pictoribus in adornandis vestibus magnam omnes damus impunita- tem et licentiam. DRAUGHT, || Action or state of drawing. A) Generally, tractus. Beasts of d., pecudes ad vehen- dum idoneae. B) Particularly; a) With a net, bolus (/36\os; also by meton. for the 'draught of fishes' taken; e. g. bolum quanti erneient, Suet. Rhet. 1); jactus (late ; Val Max. jactus retis, Dig.). — b) In drinking, haustus. To drink large d.'s, largis haus- tibus bibere : to drink often, but only small d.'s each time, saepe sed exiguis haustibus bibere (\): to drink at one d., in hauriendo non respirare (Plin.) : to drink off at a single d., uno impetu epotare : to drink a great quantity at one d., plurimum uno potu haurire. — c) Current of air, venti meatus or ventus only : there is a d. here, hue fert ventus (Cats. B. G. 3, 15). — || Sketch, picture, vid.— 1| Detachment (of forces), vid. By these d.'s of his forces for the Volscian war, parte exercitus ad Volscium avocata bellum (L. 4, 61). — || The depth to wch a vessel sinks; vessels of light or small d., naves planae carinis (fiat-bottomed) or piano alveo : of deep d., gravia navigia (heavy; Cces.). — || (of medicine), potio medicata; sorbitio (a d. to be sipped) ; poculum medicatum (the cup with the medicine in it) : a d. prepared with wine, vinolen- tum medicamentum : to prepare a d. (in a cup), medi- camentum in poculo diluere : to give a d. to a person, potui ci medicamentum dare. DRAUGHT-BOARD, tabula lusoria. abScus. DRAUGHT-HORSE, equus vectuarius (Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15, ed. Schneid., where others read, less correctly, vectorius or vectarius); equus rhedarius or carruca- rius (a coach-horse, according to the analogy of mulus rhed. in Varr. and Ulp.) ; equus plaustrarius (dray- horse, aft. plaustr. asinus, Cat.) : draught-horses, equi jugales (a pair), DRAUGHTS, ludus duodecim scriptorum. See Chess. DRAUGHTS-MAN, calculus. DRAW, TK.) Pull forwards slowly, 8;c, tra- here (to d. by force; in very many of the English mean- ings of the word ; e, g. to d. water fm a well, aquam (277) DRA ex puteo ; a weapon out of a body, ferrum e vul- nere, telum de corpore, both 0. : to be drawing hit last breath, extremum spiritum : Phced. ; [animani agere in prose ,.— also impropr. to be drawn to athg, trahi or trahi et duci ad qd : to d. aby fm, trahere qm longius a re : to d. aby over to one's opinion, trahere qm ad suam sententiam, &c). — ducere (to lead; as used fig. ducunt volentem fata, nolentem tra- hunt). — vehere (to d. a vehicle ; of horses, fyc. ; also equi vehunt qm). To d. a carriage, currum vehere (g. t.); currum ducere (to drag it along ; of men ; cf. C. Tusc. 1, 47, 113). Tod. athg to athg, trahere or attrahere ad qd: to d. ships to shore, naves subdu- cere (i. e. aft. the voyage is ended) ; naves trahere ad litora (agst the will of the crew ; S. Fragm. ap. Serv. V. JEn. 3, 425). To d. athg to oneself ad se trahere or attrahere. ad se allicere et trahere (propr. ; e. g. of the magnet) : to d. athg through athg, trajicere qd per qd (e. g. thread through the eye of a needle). — || Of drawing liquids. — a) Propr.) haurire. To d. water fm a well, aquam haurire de puteo; aquam tra- here ex puteo (with ref. to the lifting it up) ; to d (beer, fyc), de dolio haurire or eximere (vinum, &c.) : pro- mere (with or without dolio) : defundere (i. e. ex cado in crateram atque ex hac in pocula, Orell. who says that diffundere [Juv. 5, 50] is ' vinum ex lacu in dolia, vel ex his in amphoras transfundere').— 6) Impropr.) hau- rire (a or e fonte or f^nte only; all C; with advv. inde, unde, &c.).— repetere a qa re (derive it fm a dis- tant source). — 1| To represent by pictures, deli- neare. designare. describere (but these words are not used absol. ; but an ace. must be added, delineare ima- gines, &c). — pingere (topaint; with ace. speciem homi- nis, &c). — depingere (also qd ; imaginem in tabula, O. ; also of depicting in words, rempublicam in sermone qo depingere, C.).— describere (fig.). Tod. figures in the dust, quaedam or formas in pulvere describere : to d. athg well, probe depingere qd : to be able to d., gra- phidos s^entiam habere. — 1| Phrases (more or less idiomatical) with 'to draw.' — To d. bit, frenos exi- mere equo (£.). frenos detrahere equo or equis (L. 4, o3 ; propr. to take off the bridle) ; equi reficiendi (or, -orum -orum) causa subsistere (to rest one's horse ; aft. Cces. B. C. 2, 42, end). To d. Blood, sanguinem mittere ci (to bleed him ; propr.) ; cruorem elicere (e. g. levi ictu, T ). To d. dry, exhaurire (e.g. the treasury, aerarium ; also omnem pecuniam ex aerario exhaurire ; a province, provinciam sumptibus et jacturis ; aby, sumptu exhaurire qm). To d. tears, movere lacri- mas (Q. 4, 2, 77) ; lacr. ciere (V.) ; convnovere (Curt.) ; fm aby, *tanturn ci misericordiam commovere, ut lacrimas tenere non possit ; fm the people, fletum movere popuio; fm aby agst his will, lacrimas excutere ci (Ter.) : he would have drawn tears fm the very stones, lapides mehercule flere coegisset. To d. in length, producere, trahere, extrahere (with ref. to time); ten- dere, extendere (with ref. to space). Tod. cuts or lots, sortes ducere (see Lot) : tod. a lot, sortem ducere or educere. To d. a line, lineam scribere ( if with a pen, $c); lineam ducere (g. t.). To d. a sword, gla- dium (e vagina) educere; gladium educere, stringere or destringere ( gggT nudare is poet.). With a drawn sword, gladio stneto. To d. Curtains ; see Curtain. To d. a conclusion or inference; see the substt. — To d. comfort fm athg, se solari qa re ; hoc solatio utor, quod, &c. hoc est mihi solatio. To d. aby's at- tention (see Attention). To d. Money />« the trea- sury, pecuniam (sumptum, &c ) ex eerario haurire.— To draw a Bill, conscribere syngrapham. per- scribere pecuniam. delegatione solutionem perficere : to d. a bill payable at Athens, pennutare ci pecuniam Athenas : to d. a bill upon aby, qm delegare ci (a quo fiat numeratio, ft). To d. a hare, leporem exente- rare. To d. a tooth, dentem (ci) evellere (ire Tooth). To draw a bow, arcum adducere (V.). To Draw aside, qm sevocare. — qm seducere. To Draw away, abducere, deducere, avertere. avo- care.— sevocare (fm duty, 8fc.) ; aby fm agrieviturt, abducere qm ab aratro; revocare qui ab ajjricultura. To d. aby away fm duly ; see Duty. To Draw back, pedem or gradum referre (of an army); secedere (to step aside, of persons); se subtia- here (by degrees or imperceptibly): to d. buck fm athg, recedere a, &c. ; se recipere a ; se removere a, &c. (to withdraw). To Draw in, see Inveigle, Entice. To Draw near, prope accedere. appropinquare (to come near, both with ref. to place). — prope adeBBe. subesse (to be close at hand). — appropinquare. appe< tere (to approach, of time) : to d. near (e. g. a a/ o/ DRA the fire, $c), propius se movere : to d. near aby or athg, (propius) accedere ad, with ace. : to d. near the town with the army, exercitum ad urbem (propius) admovere : a period or time d.'s near, when, fyc., prope adest, quum, &c. : the seventh day was drawing near, appetebat dies septimus. To Draw off {fin a cask); see To Draw (of liquids). To Draw off, see To Draw away. To d. off the mind f/n athg. mentera or mentis aciem a re abducere, or sevocare : to d. off aby' s attention; see Distract. — || = Pull off, detrahere ci or de qa, re ; a ring, ci de digito annulum detrahere or auferre ; ci annulum ex- trahere or eximere. To d. off troops, abducere exer- citum (infecta re) a qo loco. To Draw on, || To cause, vid. — 1| To entice, vid. To Draw over (to a parly, #c.), abducere (e. g. the soldiers). — qmparticipemfacere csrei; qmes reisocium or in cs rei societatem assumere (e. g. to a plan, con- silii ; to a conspiracy, conjurationis). — qra in suas partes ducere or trahere ; qm ad causam perducere (to one's side). — in sententiam suam adducere, or (quite) per- ducere (to an opinion): to try to bring aby over, cs ani- mum or qm ten tare (e. g. by money, threats, fyc.) ; qm or cs animum soll.citare (e. g. by money, threats, %c). To Draw out, extrahere. — educere (milites ex cas- tris, &c). — elicere (tempt out). To d. out a secret, ex- piscari qd : to d. one's money out of a concern, renun- ciare societatem, or socio. To Draw tight, astringere (to make tighter, fyc. by drawing on; e. g. a fetter, vinculum); intendere, con- tendere (to strain or d. tight ivhat before was loose). To Draw up (in writing), scribere (to write out, ivrite doivn a letter, law, writing, will, edict, fyc). — con- scribere (to compose in ivriting). — concipere (to conceive in words). — perscribere(tfo write down carefully, exactly, or at length, an edict, a decree of the senate, an account, 8)-c). — conficere (to compose, g. t.). DRAW, v. intr. || As a beast of burden, tra- here : to make a beast d., jugum imponere. DRAW-BRIDGE, *pons qui tolli or demitti potest: to let down the d.-b., *pontem demittere. DRAWER, || One that fetches water fm a well, aquarius (masc). *mulier aquam ferens (fern.). — iS^b 1 aquator (in the army). — 1| One whose busi- ness it is to draw liquors fm the casks, cella- rius. — minister cauponae (at an inn ; aft. Cod. Just. 9, 9, 29). — puer cauponius (Plaul. Pcen. 5, 9, 19). *pueris cauponiis praepositus. DRAWER (of a chest), loculus. forulus. DRAWER (of a bill), *debitor ex syngrapha. qui syngrapham conscribit or conscripsit; qui pecuniam perscribit. The d. of a bill on Athens, qui pecuniam Athenas permutat or permutavit. DRAWER (of pictures, fyc), see Painter. DRAWERS (chest of), *arca (quotidiana).— arma- rium. See Chest [Syn. in Box]. DRAWERS (a pair of), *tegumenta feminum inte- riora. DRAWING (the art of), graphis, idos, /. (ypacpis, Vitr. 1, 1, 4) ; pure Lat. pictura linearis (Plin. 35, 3, 5) : to have learnt d., graphidos scientiam habere ; graphi- dos non imperitum esse : to invent d., or the art of d., picturam linearem invenire. DRAWING (i. e. the picture drawn), pictura linearis (g. t.); *tabella linearis. — imago (image, picture). — de- signate (a plan of a building, fyc). DRAWING-BOOK, *chartae, in quibus imagines ad imitandum propositae delineantur. — *volumen ima- ginum, qua? ad imitationem delineandi proponuntur (a book containing copies for drawing ; aft. Q. 1, 1, 35). DRAWING-MASTER, «magister delineandi; *ma- gister graphices. DRAWING-PAPER, *charta delineando apta. DRAWING-PLASTER, emplastrum vesicatorium. DRAWING-ROOM, cecus (olnos, g. t.). — exedra (efe^pa, room for parties, both ends of wch formed a semicircle, with a circular bench. It was uncovered; s. Vitr. 7, 5, 2, and 7, 9, 2). — *cubiculum cultu insigne, or quo amici me visendi causa conveniunt. — atrium (the ante-chamber where the clients were received). — por- ticus (a hall or walk with columns). — diaeta (biana ; a saloon in the garden) : a small d.-r., exedrium ; atrio- lum. — 1| A sovereign's drawing-room (i. e. levee; prps *regis or reginae salutatorium cubiculum, aft. salutat. cubile, Plin.) ; or Orel, with aula regia (court) salutare, salutatio. He took him aside at a d.-r., and said, seducto in salutatione affinnavit (Suet. Claud. 37). (278) DRE The d.-r. is over, salutatio defluxit (C.) : to attend a d.-r., principem salutare: to have a right to attend the d.-r., ad aulam admitti : not to be allowed to attend a d.-r., prohiberi publica salutatione (Suet. Vesp. 4). DRAWL, distrahere. dilatare (to pronounce too long or broad, as fault ; the former of words, voces ; the latter of letters, literas; instead of wch Gell. 4, G, uses literas tractim pronunciare). — decantare qd (in a sing- song way). — ggg?" diducere verba is without authority. To d. out the words, s)llabas intendere (Gell. 13, 22). DRAY or DRAY-CART, carrus or carrum {four- wheeled). — sarracum (according to Q. a sordidum no- men). — plaustrum (g. t. for waggon, fyc). — traha (with- out wheels). DRAYMAN, plaustrarius (Ulp.). DREAD, s. See Fear. DREAD, v. See To Fear. DREAD, adj. || Terrible, vid.— 1| Awful, vid. DREADFUL, terribilis (causing fright ; terrificus is poet. only). — horribilis. horrendus (causing horrour). — atrox (fearful, frightful; e. g. death, bloodshed). — im- manis (monstrous, quite unnatural, cruel ; e. g. ani- mal, deed, character). — fcedus (causing indignation, abominable ; e.g. projects, tear, fire, or conflagration). — dirus (dire). — trux (causing men to shudder ; e. g. of looks). — incredibilis (that can't be conceived, e. y. stu- pidity, stupiditas): to be the bearer of some d. news, miros terrores afferre ad qm. DREADFULLY, terribilem or horrendum in rao- dum ; atrociter ; fcede ; fcedum in modum. DREADLESS, see Fearless. DREAM, s. somnium (also fig. 'an illusion,' fyc. — |^p° insomnium is rare, and found only in the pi. , in class, prose) : a vision seen in a dream, species per somnum oblata, or in quiete visa ; visus nocturnus : in a dream, per somnum ; in somnis ; per quietem ; in quiete: to have a d., somniare; speciem videre in quiete : to have pleasant d.'s, somniis uti jucundissi- mis : to have a remarkable d., mirum somnium som- niare : to interpret a d., somnium interpretari, or con- jicere; somnium interpretatione explicare: it seems like a d., somnio similis res mihi videtur: d.'s often come true, multa somnia vera evadunt: aby appears to me in a d., imago cs in somnio mihi venit : to have a day-d., vigilantem somniare : to indulge in (day) d.'s, somnia sibi fingere (cf. Lucr. 1, 104) : to see athg in ad., qd in somnis or in quiete videre: mere d.'s! somnia! it is all a d. about the money, de argento somnium : the god of d.'s, Morpheus (Moppet/?; in heathen mythol.): one that interprets or explains d.'s, somniorum inter- pres or conjector ; also conjector simply ; conjectrix (of a female). DREAM, v. somniare (also fig. = to have strange or foolish ideas or imaginations). — dormitare (only fig. to live thoughtlessly or idly) : to d. athg or of athg, somniare qd or de qa re; dormientem videre qd animo; videre qd in somnis (i. e. to see athg in one's sleep) ; also per somnum or per quietem or secundum quietem : to d. of aby, somniare de.qo. I dreamt, somniavi; som- nium mihi fuit; in somnis visus sum, with infin. (s. C. de Divin. 1, 24, 49 ; Plaut. Cure. 2, 2, 20) : people or they d. somniatur ; to d. when one is wide aivake, vigi- lantem somniare ; / dreamt a strange dream, mirum somnium somniavi; I never dreamt of that, quod non somniabam : you are dreaming! dormitas! (our 'you are asleep!') what are you dreaming about? quid som- nias ? (i. e. what idle notion have you got in your head?) || To be sluggish; to dream away one's hours, agere aetatem desidiose (Lucr. 6, 1129). — tempus dor- mitare in otio (Plaut. Asin. 2, 1, 5). DREAM-BOOK, *liber somniorum interpres. DREAMER, \\ One that dreams, somnians (propr.). — dormitalor (fig. one that is or acts as if he were asleep; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 20 and 142).— 1| A fan- ciful man; a visionary ; see Enthusiast. — 1| An idler, homo somniculosus or veternosus (a sleepy fellow, a sluggard). — dormitator (Plaut.). DREAMY, somniculosus. veternosus (sleepy, lethar- gic). — tardus (slow, stupid). — somnians (e.g. somniantes philosophi), DREARINESS, see Dismalness. DREARY, see Dismal. DREGGISH, or DREGGY, faeculentus (containing dregs). — turbidus (e. g. aqua ; spring, scaturigo). — turbatus limo (muddy ; e. g. aqua). DREGS, || The sediment of liquors, fstx. — sedimentum. crassamentum. crassamen (the sediment in general, if it is thick) : relating to d.'s, faeearius : made or pressed out of the d.'s of athg, faecibus (vini, &c.) expvessus : to empty a stone bottle to the d.'s, cadUm DRE potare feecetenus (JT. Od. 3, 15, 16).— Fig.) The d.'s of the people, faex populi. perditissima et infima faex populi. sordes et faex urbis. sentina reipublicae. — || D r os s, s w e ep i n g s, purgamenta, orum, pi. — quis- quiliae {refuse; Ccecil. in Fest.). DRENCH, irrigare {to irrigate ; poet, rigare). — humi- dum, madidum facere or reddere. madefacere (to make wet). — satiare. saturare {to satkite, to saturate, to let athg soak in water). To be drenched, humidum, &c. fieri, madefieri, madescere : to d with athg, madefacere qa re (e. g. the ground with blood, terrain sanguine) ; perfundere qa re {to wet athg by sprinkling or pouring something over it; e.g. qd lacrimis) : incessant showers oj rain, wch drenched the fields or plains, imhres ccn- tinui campis omnibus inundantes (L. 8, 24). — || To saturate with drink; e. g. to be drenched with wine, potione completum esse: one that d.'s himself with wine, potor, potator: to d. oneself with wine, potare. se obruere vino. || Drenched, uvidus {e.g. of fields, rura continuis imbribus ; vestimenta, H. ; also 'drenched with wine;' H.). — 1| To physick by vio- lence, medicamentum or potionem vi inserere in os (equi, &c. aft. C. de Or. 2, 39, 162); potionare (e. g. ju- mentum, Veg. ; a low word, but prob. t. t.). DRENCH, s. *largus haustus {a swill; e. g. uno haustu ; uno impetu epotare ; uno potu haurire). — || Physic for a brute; see Medtcine. — 1| Physic that must be given by violence; e. g. to give a d. See To Drench. DRESS, || Clothes, vid. also Garment. — a d. to wear in the house, vestis domestica (opp. vestis foren- sis) : not to put on the same d. a second time, non ite- rare vestem : silk d.'s, serica, orum ; bombyclna, orum: a party-coloured d., vestis varia; vestimentum versicolor : to make a d., vestem facere : nobody but a fool will judge of a man by his d., stultissimus est, qui hominem aut ex veste aut ex conditione, qua? vestis modo nobis circumdata est, eestimat (Sen. Ep. 47, 14); ladies' d., mundus muliebris : to adopt the Roman d., Romano habitu uti: the whole nation has worn that d. ever since, quern morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet. — 1| Splendid clothes, ornatus. vestis ornatus (g. t. athg that may serve as ornament).— ornamentum (as the means of beau- tifying). — cultus (whatever serves the body as an external ornament). — apparatus maguifici (splendid apparel or clothes); apparatus magnifici vitseque cul- tus. — Full d., ornatus dierum sollemnium (garments or d. for particular occasions, e. g. Sunday d.) ; also vestis forensis ; in full d., praetextatus : over-smart or tawdry d., cultus speciosior quam pretiosior. dissen- tiens a ceteris habitus : to be fond of d., stmper exor- natum incedere (aft. Plaut. Epid. 2, 2, 42) ; semper nove vesti'um esse (/. e. to be always dressed in the newest fashion): a person too fond of d., qui nimio indulget vestitui; *cultus mollioris studiosus : to change one's d., calceos et vesiimenta mutare (C. Mil. 10, 2S). DRESS, Trans.) || To clothe, vestire. convestire (to furnish with a dress; then also to put on any covering). — veste tegere (to cover with a dress). — veste induere qm. vestem induere ci (to clothe aby with any dress). — veste qm amicire (to cover aby with, to wrap aby up in athg ; e. g. a cloak) : to d. oneself, induere sibi vestem or se veste. veste indui (to put on a dress) ; (veste) se amicire (to wrap oneself up, e. g. in a cloak); calceos et vestimenta sumere (to put on one's things or apparel) : he used to d. himself without any assistance, et calreabat ipse sese et amiciebat (Suet. Vesp. 21). — Dressed, in- dutus ; vestitus : dressed in white, candide vestitus; albatus (in a festival garment, opp. atratus, sordi- datus, dressed in black). — 1| To clothe elegantly, qm exornare, with athg, qa re (e. g. with a party- coloured dress, varia veste). — 1| To adorn, to deck, vid.— 1| To dress a wound, alligare, deligare, obli- gare vulnus ; also praeligare (to tie in front). — curare vulnus (g. t. L.— ligare, in this meaning, is poet.). — || Miscellaneous phrases. — To dress a garden, fyc; see Cultivate, Till: to d. the ground for put- ling in the seed, agrum expedire sationibus or praepa- rare frumentis: to d. the hair, capillos comere; comam in gradusformare or frangere : tod. leather or hides, subi- gere. depsere. conficere. perficere : well dressed skins, aluta tenuiter confecta : to d. hemp, hamis ferreis linum pectere : to d. a vine, vitem amputare, ligare (to prune and tie it up): to d. stones, saxa coaequare (Varr. ap. Non.). — To d. a horse, strigili radere or subradere. — || To prepare victuals for the table, cibum parare or comparare (see To Cook) : to d. one's own food, sibi manu sua parare cibum : dressed, coctus ; igne mollitus (ty^T not elixus, wch means (279) DRI 'boiled'); to use fire for dressing one's food, uti igne ad mitigandum or ad molliendum cibum. DRESS, v. istr.) vestiri, amiciri qa re: to d. like a Roman, Romano habitu uti : not to d. better than a slave, se non servo melius vestire (t): to order the people to d. in the same maimer, eodem ornatu etiam populum vestiri jubere : the whole nation has dressed in the same style ever since, hunc morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet. DRESSER, || One that dresses a person, prps cubicularius, in as far as that is his principal employ- ment. — || Of a vineyard, vitium cultor. — || Of wool, lanarius. — 1| Kitchen-d., *mensa culinaria. DRESSING (of meat), coctura (esply of the manner of d.). — of a wound, curatio (treatment in general). — of clo-'h, politura. — || A dressing, cataplasma (koto- Tr\a.op.a), malagma (p.d\ayp.a). fomentum (ivarm poul- tice): to apply or put d.'s on athg, fomenta ci rei ad- mo vere. — || As cant phrase. To give aby a good dressing, probe percutere, bene depexum dare, ver- beribus or fustibus derigare qm (all Comic). DRESSING-BOX, scrinium. See Box. DRESSING-GOWN, vestis domestica (a house-dress, in general). — vestis nocturna. DRESSING-ROOM, vestiarium (though with the ancients this was the room in wch the dresses icere kept [ = wardrobe'], but in wch they did not dress). DRESSING-TABLE, abacus (on wch gold vessels, vases, fyc. were placed). — cathedra (chair used by Rom. ladies at their toilette. Bolt. Sabina 1, p. 35). DRIB, see To Crop. To Cut off. DRIBBLE, see To Drip. DRIBBLET (little drop), numus (small coin, then a trifling sum in general). DRIER, Crcl. with siccare, &c. DRIFT, || Impulse, vis (overbearing power). — efficientia (impellent force). — impulsus (impulse) : ' we are under the drift of passions,' cupiditates dominatio- nem in nos habent : to do athg under the d. of passion, cupide agere ; impetu quodam trahi ad qd. — |j Vio- lence, vis; gravitas; incitatio ; impetus [Syn. in Violence]. — 1| A shower (of rain), imber repente effusus or imber only: also imber violenter fusus ; (of hail) vis creberriinae grandinis ; (of snow) vis nivis creberrimae (aft. L. 28, 37) : ' adrift of bullets,' (Shaksp.) magna vis glandium or telorum (cf. T. Agr. 36, 1). — velut nubes glandium or telorum (cf. L. 21, 55). — || Tendency, consilium, propositum. finis (see Aim) : to have such or such a d., spectare, pertinere ad qd : that's my d., hoc meum consilium or hoc mihi proposi- tum est : my d. is this, hoc specto or volo : what's the d. of this speech or discourse? quorsum haec spectat oratio 1 or quid igitur spectat haec oratio ? the d. of this speech is that, <§ - c, heec eo pertinet oratio, ut, &c. : the d. of it is quite different fm what was imagined, alio spectat : since nobody knew the exact d. of this answer, id responsum quo valeret, quum intelligeret nemo. — || Dr if t -sand, syrtis (avons) ; mons arenae (cf. Plin. 3, 1, 3, ed. Hard.) : d.'s of snow, nives exaggeratae,*nives per ventum congestae : d.-wood, *ligna ad litus delata. DRIFT, v. See To Drive. DRIFT, intrans.) fluitare in alto (e. g. tempestati- bus, C, of a ship) ; ad litus ferri, def'erri (of ivood) : sand d.'s, *arenae vento in altum sublatse feruntur: the snow d.'s, *nives per ventum congeruntur. DRILL, || To pe rf orate, terebrare (to make a hole with a drill or gimblet). — perterebrare (quite through). — perforare (g. t. for piercing holes). See To Per- forate. II 'To entice, allure, vid. || To exercise troops, *milites in armis tractandis exercere. exer- cere : to be well drilled, *armorum usum habere ; *ar- morum usu praestare : to d. the troops well after the Roman fashion, militesperpetuisexercitiis ad Romanae (lisciplinaeformamredigere (i.e. to introduce the Roman tactics) ; milites frequentibus exercitiis ad prcelia prae- parare (to fit them for battle). DRILL, || A boring tool, tergbra (jpviTavov, rpv- ttdviov). modiolus (xoivintov ; a bore with indented edge ; see Cels. 8,3, in.). — \\A baboon, *simia pavianus (Linn.)- — II Drill sergeants, milites ad tradendam disciplinam immixti manipulis (g. t. T. Agr. 2S, 2). — armonim doctores (those whosupcrintenaed the drilling). — cavnpi doctores (with ref. to military evolutions ; see Salinas. JEl. Lampr. vol. i. p. 1012, Haack.) Dill LL-PLOUGH, or DRILLING-MACHINE, "ma- china M-minando agro facta. DRINK, s. potio. potus (see Drinking). DRINK, v. bibcre (v. tr. and intr. to d.,fm thirst, like a human being ; and also impropr. e.g. sanguinem, haustus justitiae; qd aure, //.). — potare (v. tr. and DRI intr.; to d. like a beast; hence to d. large draughts, to swill oneself with liquor, tipple, fyc. ; but potus and potatus are class, for ' having drunk'). — haurire (tr. and intr. to take or draw any fluid into one's mouth; esply in large draughts). — sorbere (to sip quietly in small quantities and with half-closed lips, coagulum lactis, ovum). — potionem cs rei bibere or haurire (to swallow or take off a draught of it). — uti qa re (to take it as one's usual d.). — vino deditum esse (in the intrans. sense of 'to drink' == to be a drunkard; see 'to drink hard,' below). To give aby athg to d., ci bibere dare, also athg, qd (g. t.); ministrare ci bibere (as cup-bearer, attendant, fyc.) ; ci potandum or potui dare qd (a draught of medicine). To order a man something to d., ci bibere dari jubere ; to d- hard, plurimum bibere (also of drinking much in one particular instance); vino in- dulgere or deditum esse (habitually) : to d. a little loo much, paullo plus adhibere (Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 8). crapulam potare (Plant. Rud. 2, 7, 28 ; to drink to intoxication) : to d. oneself drunk, vino se obruere : to d. through whole days, totos dies potare or perpotare : to sit up drinking till night-fall, perpotare ad vesperum : to d. with aby till he falls under the table, qm vino deponere (Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 39). To d. aby's health; see To Drink to. Drink in, bibere (e. g. lana bibit colorem, Plin.). — imbibere (mly impropr.). Drink to aby, salutem ci propinare (Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 16); salutare amicum nominatim or amicum nomi- natim vocare in bibendo (this resembled most nearly our own fashion in that respect ; see Ascon. ad C. ii. Verr. 1, 26, p. 321, Schutz). Id. to you! bene te! bene tibi (see Zumpt. § 759). Let every one take his cup and d. to Messala ! bene Messalam ! sua quisque ad pocula dicat (Tibull. 2, I, 33). To Drink up, ebibere (g. t. ; epotare in class. Latin only in partcp. perf. pass, epotus, drunk up). — exhau- rire (to drain out, as it were, empty out, e. g. wine, poison, medicine). — exsiccare (to dry out, said jocosely ; a bottle, lagenas. Qu.C. in C. Ep. 16, 26, 2, where lurtirn is used with it). — exanclare poculo (as it were to pump out fm the bowl, wine, vinum, jocosely, Plaut. Stich. I, 3, fin.). — sorbere, exsorbere (to suck out, e. g. eggs, ova). — to d.up to the dregs, potare faece tenus (H. 6d. 3, 15, 16). DRINK-MONEY, munusculum (g. t. for Utile gift). DRINKABLE, potabilis (g.t. th at is fit for drinking ; later only). — salubri potu (healthy as drink): things eatable and d., esculenta et potulenta, orum, pi. DRINKER, potor (the d. in as far as he empties any given drinking vessel). — potator (he who is fond of drink, a wine-bibber). — combfbo. compotor (a bottle compa- nion ; bibo is only met with later in Jul. Firmic. Matties. 5, 4, extr.) : a hard d., acer potor; vini capa- cissimus : to be a great d., plurimum bibere (to drink much, or to be able to drink much); vino deditum esse, vino indulgere (to be iven to drink). DRINKING, potio (the taking in of a fluid, and also the draught drunk). — potus (d. ; but with ref. to what is drunk, not to the act ; immoderato obstupefacta potu atque pastu, C. In the sense of 'carousing' it is post- Aug.; in potu atque hilaritate, Pfo'rt.).— potatio (hard- d. ; d. large draughts, but modicae potationes is good Lat. ; C). — sorbitio (the sipping in of a liquid, as ac- tion, and what is thus sipped, a potion, medicine). — ggp° In modern writers we find bibitio and bibitus, wch, however, are quite un-class. — Moderate d., potio modica ; potus moderatus ; moderate eating and d., temperatae escae modicaeque potiones : whilst in the act of d., in media, potione. — inter bibendum : a d.-cup or vessel ; see Cup : a d.-companion, combfbo, compotor : fond of d., ebriosus : to be fond ofd., vino deditum esse ; vinolentum esse (to be a drinker); ebriosum esse; also potare (i. e. to d. hard) ; vino indulgere : fondness for d., ebriositas (C. Tusc. 4, 12, 27); vinolentia (propen- sity for d.wine): to spend whole days in d., totos dies potare or perpotare ; perpotare ad vesperum (fm morn till night). Eating and d. is usually cibus et potio (e. g. cibo et potione completum esse) ; and Krebs condemns potus altogether ; but C. uses it in speaking of the mind, quum ea pars animi — immoderato sit obstupefacta potu atque pastu. DRINKING-BOUT, comissatio (in the Rom. sense, aft. a formal ccena, attended by singing and dancing ; and followed by wandering up and down the streets; visiting others, to drink again with them, and similar excesses). — fl^ggr C. Cat. Maj. 13, 45. and ad Div. 9, 24, 3, uses compotatio, as trans, of the Greek avp.-Koai.ov, but neither by him nor by others was it used as a Roman expression. DRINKING-CUP, see Cup. DRIP, || v. tr.) instillare, down on athg. ci rei, in qd (280) DRI I (B§3§T stillare is poet.). — 1| v. intr.) stillare. — destillare (to d. down); fm athg, stillare ex or de. — rorare (in a dew-like or drizzling manner, ante rorat quam pluit). — manare (stronger than stillare ; with athg, qa, re ; e. g. sanguine or cruore ; multo sudore) : dripping wet, totus madidus : to become dripping wet, madefieri (e.g. pluvia, imbre); madidum reddi (aqua); .or per- madescere (stronger term): to be, %c, madere, madi- dum or madefactum esse (e. g. imbre) : a dagger drip- ping luith blood, stillans pugio (C). DRIPPING-PAN, sartago (some pan used in cook- ing). — frixorium (Plin.; some pan used for roasting or frying meat). DRIVE, || To put in motion by pushing, by blows, fyc, agere (g. i. of living creatures and in- animate objects). — pellere (so to excite a body by pushes, blows, 8fc. that it moves on of itself ; to d. on things ani- mate or inanimate ; to move by its own weight, by push- ing it forward ; also to chase, of animate beings). — pro- pellere (to d. along before one, of living beings and things ; e. g. the ship, navem [spoken of the wind] ). — trudere (to propel or move athg slowly on fm behind by beating or pushing). — versare (to move with a circular motion or direction ; a top, turbinem; hoop, fyc, and of a person driven about, pulsare versareque Dareta, V.). To d. to any place, propellere in qd (e. g. cattle in the fields, pecus agere pastum ; pecus propellere in pabulum). — || To drive athg away, from, off, abigere a or ex qa re (fm any place ; also furtively, e. g. cattle, pecus) ; exigere qa re or ex qa re (to chase away, out of, e. g. domo ; out of the republic, e civitate : the enemy fm the field, hostem a campo), pellere qa re, ex or de qa re (e. g. out of the country, patria, foro, e foro) ; expellere qm qa, re or ex qa re (e. g. domo ; ex urbe ; civitate; ex republics ; possessionibus; a patria). — de- pellere qm qa re and de qa re (to chase, vid.); de- jicere ex or de, &c. (e.g. out of a fortified place, ex cas- tello; out or fm aby's estates, de fundo) ; exturbare ex qa re (headlong, e. g. the enemy out of the breech, hostem ex minis muri). — submovere (to make aby get out of the way). — To d. away care, curas pellere ; tristitiam ex animo pellere ; by wine, curas vino : to d. away the birds, gnats, fyc, volucres, muscas abigere. — || To drive along, promovere. — 1| To drive back, repri- mere. repellere. rejicere. To d. back the enemy, hostes rejicere or fugare ; impetum hostium propulsare. — || To drive from, see To drive out or away. — II To drive intq, intro cogere (e.g. oves).— intra qm locum compellere (to d. to one spot, of men, fyc). — agere in qd (e. g. cattle into the stalls, pecus in stabulum). adigere in qd or cirei (e.g. a nail into a beam, clavum in tignum: a wedge into a tree, cuneuir. arbori; see ' to drive with a hammer' below). — 1| To drive off, depel- lere. repellere. propellere. propulsare. See d. away, above. — 1| To urge, compel, impellere or incitare ; Jn. impellere atque incitare ; ad qd (e. g. ad bellum). — urgere qm, ut, &c. ; instare ci, ut, &c. (to urge aby to athg or to do athg) ; etiam atque etiam instare atque urgere (stronger) : aby is driven to athg, neces- sitas cogit or urget qm, necessitas adducit qm, ut qd faciat (d.'s him to do so and so). — || To drive or carry on one's trade, facere mercaturam (see also To Carry on). — || To press to a conclu- sion, persequi (with perseverance, in a good and bad sense); prosequi (usually in a good sense, to continue or persevere in athg); consectari (indefaligably); urgere (to push on with zeal) ; exsequi (to carry on, to bring to a» end).— qd longius persequi (to d. athg further). I will d. my argument further, pergamus ad ea, quae restant. — 1| To drive in (with a hammer, or other instrument), figere; in athg, ci rei or in rem; infi- gere; in athg, ci rei or in rem (to d. into); defigere; in athg, ci rei or in re (to d. in perpendicularly); adigere (in athg ; ci rei or in rem, to d. into): to d. in a nail, clavum figere or defigere; into a tree, clavum adigere in arborem. To d. a nail home, clavum pangere : to d. in posts, stipes demittere (to let in perpendicularly) ; sublicas agere (to d. in piles). \\ To d. aby mad, in rabiem agere ; ad insanitatem adigere ; efferare : you d. me mad, or I shall be driven mad, vix mei compos sum. || To drive a carriage, jumenta agere (of the coachman, in general).— curriculum regere. cur- riculo insistere (to take the reins, also for pleasure). — aurigare (in a race; Suet. Ner. 24, of the leader). — vec- turam facere (of a waggoner, in general). DRIVE, intr.) In a carriage, vehi or invehi curru : vein in rheda : to d. to the forum, carpento in forum invehi. — 1| To rush agst with violence, $c, occursare ci. — impingere in qd. — volare (to fly ; of sparks, fyc): tod. agst aby's face, *in cs adversum os DRI ferri : the rain d.'s agst aby's face, imber in os fertur. — || Of a vessel; to let a skip d. before the wind, convertere navem in earn partem, quo ventus fert (Cces.); fiatu ferente dare vela(Q.); quocumque fera- mur, dare vela (C ; but fig.). — 1| To drive at, or let drive at aby ; see To Attack, Set upon. — H To drive at ( = have for one's drift) ; see Drift.— Just listen, what I am driving at, audi, quo rem deducam (Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 14): that's precisely what I am driving at, istuc ibam (Comic). I did not know what you were driving at, nesciebam, quorsum tu ires (Comic. Ruhnk. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 75). DRIVE, s. gestatio {an airing in a carriage, for the sake of exercise). — vectatio (the act of going in a carriage; see Bremi Suet. Claud. 33). To take a d., carpento vec- tari, e. g. through the town, per urbem (L. 34, 3, extr.). DRIVEL, || To slaver, salivare (used intrans. ; also like spumare, though only found in Plin. 9, 36, 60, as a trans. ). — salivam fluere pati. A drivelling mouth, os fluidum salivis. — 1| To dote, ineptixe. nugari. aluci- nari. See Dote. DRIVELLER, see Dotard. DRIVER, || One who drives a carriage, rhe- darius (d. of a 'rheda,' *C.Mil. 10,29). — carrucarius mulio (the d. of a 'carruca' drawn by mules; *Capitol. Maxim. Jun. 4; Syn. of rheda and carr. in Coach). — auriga(^e d. of a hero's chariot, or of a chariot at the games). — $^*^f' agitator is the 'auriga,' as combatant. — qui jumenta agit (waggoner, either sitting on ihewaggon or walking alongside). — henibchus (rjvioxos), a Greek word used in the silv. age by Romans). — 1| One who drives beasts, pecoris actor (0. H. 1, 95); of a donkey, asinarius; agitator aselli (V. Georg. 1, 273); of a mule, mulio ; of an ox, bubulcus ; of swine, subul- cus; suarius. — 1| An instrument; prps tudicula (a Utile instrument for beating or crushing ; Col.). DRIZZLE, stillare (to fall and to cause to fall by drops ; g. t.). — rorare (of rain; tr. and intr. only found in 3rd sing.): it d.'s, before it rains, ante rorat, quam pluit. DRIZZLY, e. g. rain, pluvia tenuissima. DROLL, adj. scurrilis. — lepidus (by pleasant, playful humour). — facetus (agreeable, fm the unforced exercise of such a humour). — jocularis (amusing by jokes). — comi- cus. ridiculus. ridendus (that causes laughter ; see Comic): a d. fellow, lepidum caput: a d. expression, ridiculum dictum ; ridiculum : in a d. manner, scurri- liter ; cornice ; ridicule ; comico more ; lepide ; facete ; joculariter [Syn. above]. DROLL, s. homo jocosus. ridiculus (g.t. for jocose). — coprea (a sort of court-fool, a jester). — sannio (a buf- foon). — scurra (a wit, of a superior class, who appeared under the name of 'a friend of the family,' at the ban- quets of the rich Romans).— maccus (the i clown' or ' harlequin,' in the Ateilanic games; aft. Diom. 488, Putsch). DROLL, v. jocularia fundere. ridicula jactitare (both L. 7, 7).— *copreae personam tueri or sustinere; *co- preae partes agere (to play the fool). DROLLERY, scurrilitas. ludus. jocus ; Jn. ludus et jocus ; see Fun. — res ridicula ; ludi ; joca or jocu- laria ; ridicula (both in words and gestures). — nugae. tricae. ineptiae (absurdities). DROMEDARY, camelus dromas ; camelus, qui duo tubera habet in dorso; camelus Bactrise (•came- lus Bactrianus, Linn.). — dromedarius (not used before Hieron. Fit. Malchi, 10). DRONE, || A bee, i'ucus.— 1| A sluggard, homo languori et desidiae deditus; homo deses.— 1| Hum- ming sound, bombus (Varr. ; of bees), bombi or raucus bombus (e. g. of trumpets, fyc). DRONE, v. || To live in idleness, segne otium terere ; socordia atque desidia bonum otium conterere ; propter desidiam in otio vivere. — 1| To emit a dull, humming sound, bomtram facere (propr. of bees; Varr.). — bombitare (of bees; Auct. Carm. Philom. 36). raucum bombum or raucisonos bombos efflare (of in- struments ; Lucr.: will do therefore for a bagpipe). — susurrare (of bees ; V. G. 4, 260).— *fusca or obtusa voce susurrare, qd decantare, &c. (of reciting in a droning voice). DRONING, bombitatio ( = sonus apium, Fest. p. 25 ; see Drone, s.). DRONISH. piger; ignavus ; iners; segnis; deses; laboris fujjiens. See Idle. DROOP, || To sink downwards, se inclinare or inclinari (propr. ; and also fig., e. g. of fortune, res in- clinatae, fortuna inclinata). — demitti (e. g. of the head). — U To languish, lose life, spirit, fyc, flaccere. flac- (281) DRO cescere. languere. languescere (flaccet = languet, defi- cit, in C. only in Messala flaccet, for wch he elsewhere has languet, is losing his spirit in the competition for the con- sulship ; flaccescere of leaves, and impropr. of a spirit- less discourse; languere of lore, strength, #c). — mar- cescere (of flowers, fyc). — inclinari (to be bent down, e. g. paululum timore).— jacere or afflictum jacere (to be in a depressed state; animus, virtutes, studia, &c): his courage drooped, animo cecidit, concidit; animum dimisit. DROP, s. gutta (a natural, globular d.). — stilla (a d. wch, at first, hangs down longitudinally fm what it begins to drop fm ; hence, an artificial d. fm a glass, fyc). — gigr stiria is a congealed stilla): a small d., guttula: not a single d., ne tantillum quidem; ne minimum quidem: d. by d., guttatim. stillatim [Syn. above]. — The rain comes down in large d.'s, nimbus effunditur. — 1| In medicine, *liquor medicatus. — 1| Ear-ring, vid. DROP, v. trans. || To pour in drops, effundere (to pour out, in general). — stillare (to cause to fall in d.'s, rorem ex oculis, If.; poet.). — destillare (fm, orfm above): to d. down dew, irrorare (poet, rore rigare, C. Poet, de Divin. 1, 12, 20).— 1| To let fall fm a higher place, mittere (to leave hold of): to d. the curtain, auleum mittere or premere : to d. a tear, tradere se lacrimis; lacrimam or lacrimulam emittere, dare, both poet. : to d. a tear for aby, lacrimam dare ci (O.) ; lacrimare casum cs (Np.). I saw you d. a tear, vidi ego tuam lacrimulam (ironically; C): to d. anchor, ancoram jacere.— 1| To let go, 1) Physically; of a thing before held, omittere (e. g. arma, habenas). — manu emittere (to d. fm the hand purposely, e.g. tod. the shield, scutum) ; also de (ex) manibus dimittere, emit- tere. — 2) Impropr. To intermit, to cease, omit- tere (to entertain no longer, to dismiss fm one's mind, to give over; e. g. hopes, fear, grief, %c). — mittere. mis- sum facere. dimittere (to give up whatever we cannot maintain or keep possession of). — abjicere. ponere. deponere (to give over, whatever we do not think right, advantageous, fyc, e. g. enmity, hatred, fyc.).— desistere de re or de qa re (implying a sudden change of purpose) : to d. all hope, spem omittere, deponere, abjicere : to d. aby's cause, deserere qm. causam cs deponere. a causa cs recedere. — To d. the subject, rem integram or in medio relinquere : let us d. it, relinquamus (let's say no more of it ; Comic): pray d. it! missa isthaec- fac ! mitte, omitte hate! (i. e. dod.it!)—d. this nonsense, aufer ridicularia (Comic) : to d. the notion, dimittere cogitationem cs rei.— 1| To let go a dependant or companion, omittere qm (in a contemptuous sense): to d. aby's acquaintance, consuetudinem intermittere (altogether) : d. him! sine eum (sc ire, i. e. let him go, have no more to do with him; sc. Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 23). — || To bedrop, speckle, maculis variare (jggT not maculare, wch in prose stands only for 'making spots'). — 1| To d. aby a few lines, qd literarum ad qm dare. DROP, intr.) || To fall in drops, stillare; fm, out of athg, stillare ex, de, &c. ; into athg, in qd. — destillare (down fm above).— defluere. delabi (to come or flow down gently, e. g. de coelo, of rain). — stillatim cadere (Varr. L. L. p. 11, Mull.). — desilire ex edito (fm above, e. g. of the water of a basin) : the dew d.'s, rorat; ros cadit. — 1| To drop out or off (i e. to fall down fm athg to wch it had been attached), cadere (to fall out and down, of teeth, hair, 8fc ; opp. nasci, subnasci).— exctdere (to fall out, of teeth, $c.).— decidere (to fall down, of teeth, hair, fea- thers) — fluere, defluere, efliuere (to d. out and disap- pear, of hair).— desinere (not to grow again, to d. off entirely, of hair). To d. with athg, stillare or (stronger) manare qa. re (e. g. sanguine, cruore, sudore).— To drop down (in other senses than the preceding) ; see Fall. — to d. fm the clouds, de ccelo delabi ; ex astris delabi or decidere: he seemed as if he had dropped fm the moon, *in alium quendam orbem delatus sibi videbatur.— 1| To die, vid.— 1| To let athg drop; see To Drop, trans. — 1| To d. i n ( = to call upon aby unexpectedly, fyc). Aby d.'s in, ecce ad me (nos, &c.) advenit qs (Plaut.); ecce qs venit (C. Ccecin. 7, 20). DROPLET, guttula. DROPPING, stillicidinm (the falling drop ; moisture dropping down ; Varr. L.L. 5,5, 12; esply rain-water falling fm the eaves; also fig. stillicid. linguae, Paul. Nolan. ).— instillatio (the act of dropping iw). — destilla- tio (act of dropping down ; but only found of the humours of the body). DROPSICAL, hydropicus (vdpuiriwt); but pure Lat. aquae iutercutis morbo implicitus (of a d. person) : to DRO become d., aquae intercutis morbo implicari : he is d., eum aqua inter cutem male habet ; eum aqua intercus tenet. DROPSY, s. Hydrops {Cels. H.) ; hydropisis (Plin.); aqua intercus (C); aquae subter cutem fusae morbus (Plin. 7, 18, 17) ; aqua intercus or inter cutem (the latter, Gr. v6wp vird aaput, Cels. 2, 8, p. 76, Bip.). — languor aquosus (poet.). To have the d. ; see 'to become Dropsical.' To die of the d., aquae intercutis morbo decedere. DROPWORT, *spiraea filipendula (Linn. ; water-d., *cenanthe). DROSS, || The recrement of metal, scoria. — || Rust, rubigo (g. t. rubigo corripit ferrum). — ferrugo {of iron). — 3erugo (of copper, verdigris; of wch one kind was called ' scolecia).' — 1| Refuse, faex. purgamentum (see Refuse). DROSSY, *scoriam continens. — rubiginosus (rusty); aeruginosus (of brass or copper). DROUGHT, || Dry weather, siccitas. — ariditas ; aritudo (the former as quality, the latter as continuing stale). — ccelum siccum ; siccitates (dry weather in gene- ral) : there was a great d. that year, siccitate insignis annus fu.it ; siccitatibus eo anno laboratum est. — || Thirst; see Thirst. DROUGHTY, || Wanting rain; seeT>-RY.—\\Dry with thirst, sitiens. See Thirsty. DROVE, || Of cattle or sheep in general, grex. — 1| Of oxen, armenta (opp. grex ; hence, C.Phil. 3, 13, extr. greges armentorum reliquique pecoris ; O. Met. 1, 513, non hie armenta gregesve): belong- ing to a d., gregalis. gregarius ; in d.'s, gregatim (see also Flock, Herd). — 1| A crowd, vid. DROVER, pecuarius (g. t.). — porcinarius. suarius. suarius negotiator (with ref. to hogs; but all these im- ply that he breeds or deals in them, not merely drives them to market as the agent of others; for wch Crcl. must be used). DROWN, demergere in aqua, aqua mergere {to plunge under the water). — aqua suffocare (so as to pro- duce death) : to d. oneself, se in aquam mergere. — 1| To be drowned, aquis liauriri; (aquis) submergi ; fluc- tibus obrui : in a deep morass, in the stream, profundo limo, gurgitibus hauriri : in the deepest part or middle of the river, medio in flumine submergi (t). — 1| To overfloiv, inundare: the Tiber drowned the plain, Tiberis agros inundavit : continual showers that drowned the fields, imbres continui campis omnibus iri- undantes (L. 8, 24). — 1| impropr.) To immerge, to lose in athg, e. g. to be drowned in pleasure, luxuria diffluere et delicate ac molliter vivere. corporis volup- tatibus (totum) se dedere. libidinibus se servum prae- stare (to be a slave of pleasure); voluptatibus astrictum esse (stronger term). — 1| To lose in something that overpoioers or covers; to be drowned, devorari (of the voice that is rendered inaudible, vox in orcbestris scobe aut arena, superjecta devoratur) : a sound is drowned (e. g. in a large vault), vox devoratur. — stre- pitus or fremitus aurium usum intercludit (there is such a noise that I cannot hear the speaker) : to d. aby's voice, obstrepere ci ingenti clamore (to cry out agst him sc thai he cannot be heard) : to d. the splendour (of a lesser lu- minary), *fulgore or splendore vincere : to d. all the rest by its brilliancy, prae ceteris omnibus enitere et prae- fulgere (Gell. 12, 5, med.). DROWSE, see To Sleep. DROWSILY, || Sleepily. We only find one in- stance in Plautus of somniculose, fm the adj. somni- culosus. ■ — || Sluggishly, ignave. pigre. segniter (Syn. in Idle). DROWSINESS, || Sleepiness; as state, and in one particular instance, somni necessitas. — osci- tatio (in as far as it manifests itself by yawning): an irresistible d., inexpugnabilispaene somni necessitas. — || As inherent quality of the individual, veter- nus.— Igljr somnolentia not before Sidon. Ep. 2, 2, med. — 1| Impropr.) tarditas. segnitas. ignavia. iner- tia. Jn. tarditas et ignavia [Syn. in Idleness]. DROWSY, || Sleepy (in one instance), dormitans. — somni plenus. somno gravis (heavy with sleep). — somni indigens (needing sleeii). — oscitans (yawning). To be or feel d., dormitare (i. e. to begin to sleep, to fall asleep) ; somni indigere (have need of sleep) ; somno urgeri ultra debitum (to feel unnaturally sleepy) ; osci- tare (to yawn). In a d. manner; see Drowsily. — || As quality, somniculosus ; somno deditus. — !{^p° somnolentus later only.—\\ Impropr. = slow ; tardus, lentus. segnis (Syn. in Idle). — || The drowsy disease, inexpugnabilis paene somni necessitas (Cels. (282) DRY 3, 20, in.), veternus. lethargia {\ti0apyla ; lethargy, vid.). DRUB, v. See To Beat. DRUB, s. See Blow. DRUBBING. To give aby a good d., male mulcaro qm. probe percutere. bene depexum dare (to comb aby's head) ; verberibus or fustibus irrigare qm (Comic only). DRUDGE, v. se masmis in laboribus exercere (to plague oneself). — operam servam praestare (to do mean or vileservices, like a slave) ; also officia servilia facere : drudging work, opera serva. officium servile. DRUDGE, s. homo clitellarius (Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 94); mulier clitellaria (aft. the former). — mulier favil- lae et fumi plena (as epithet; aft. Ter. Ad. 5, 3, GO) : to be a d., operam servam praestare. officia servilia facere. DRUDGERY, opera serva. officium servile (a ser- vile or mean occupation) ; servitium (the service itself) : to do all the d., officia servilia facere. DRUDGINGLY, operose ; laboriose ; magno opere or labore [Syn. in Labour]. DRUG, v. addere qd ci rei (g. t. to add athg). — miscere or commiscere (cum) qa, re (to mix up with athg ; see To Commix). ■ — affundere (to pour, as mixture, to another liquid). — medicamentum di- luere (e. g. in a cup), in poculo (Curt. 3, 6, 8) ; medi- camentum temperare (Val. Max. 3, 8, extr. 6, both passages referring to the well-known potion wch Phi- lippus prepared for Alexander ; see note in To Mix). DRUG, s. venenum (g. t.; so that malum is added by S. Cat. 11, 3, to make it mean poisonous d.). — medicamentum (see Medicine). — 1| To administer d.'s, dare, praebere ci medicamentum. — morbo proponere remedium (in the sense of prescribing). DRUGGET, prps pannus crassior {coarse cloth or stuff, in general). DRUGGIST or DRUGSTER, see Apothecary. DRUGGIST'S-SHOP, medicina taberna or medicina simply; taberna instructa et ornata medicinse exercen- dae causa (if well fitted up). DRUM, s. || A warlike instrument, tympanum (H.). *tympanum militare. Kettle d.'s, tympana aenea. Moorish d., atabalus : to beat a d., *tympanum pul- sare. — 1| Of the ear, auriculae tympanum. DRUM, v. *tympanum pulsare. DRUMMER, prps tympanotrfba.— ggT tympanista with ref. to a cymbal. DRUMMING. *pulsatio tympani. DRUMSTICK, *tympani plectrum. DRUNKARD, see Drinker. DRUNKEN or DRUNK, || Inebriated, crapulae plenus. — bene potus (who has d. a good deal). — temu- lentus. — ebrius [Syn. in Drunkenness]. — vino gravis; also vini (not vino) plenus ; vinolentus ; vino sepultus (t stronger term, quite gone or senseless) : to make aby d., inebriare ; ebrium facere ; temulentum facere : to make d. with wine, vino onerare : to get d., ebrium fieri ; vino or mero se' complere (to fill oneself with wine ; see Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8) ; vino se obruere, or per- cutere (stronger term; Comic only). — \\ Given to habitual inebriety, ebriosus. vinolentus. — vino deditus. — potator. — 1| Done in a state of drunkenness, ebrius (e. g. verba, &c); or with gen. ebriorum,.w per vinum, in poculis, &c. — || Fig.) ebrius (e.g. san- guine civium, C; dulci fortuna, H.; lana de sanguine conchae, Mart.): to be d. with joy, laetitia nimis efferri: d. with joy, laetitia nimis elatus or gestiens. — || Saturated with moisture, madidus.madefactus; see Drenched, or the phrases in To Drown, intr. DRUNKENLY, ebrius. per vinum (i. e. by the power of wine). DRUNKENNESS, \\ Habitual inebriety, ebri- ositas. — bibendi consuetudo. — vinolentia (d., as an odious habit; the being given to much wine). — || In- toxication, haustus (the swallowing of strong liquor or immoderate drinking). — ebrietas (represents d. in the least odious light, with ref. to the elevation of the spirits, fyc). — temulentia (in the more odious, as brutal excess). DRY, siccus (not wet, dry ; presupposes a pre- vious moist state ; opp. madidus, madefactus, e.g. eye, wind, weather, season; hence, fig. without ornament, fyc, of a speech). — siccaneus (of a d. nature or quality, e. g. a meadow, pratum; place, locus, post-Aug.). —ari- dus (of things wch, fm an entire want of moisture, are capable of, fit for burning; opp. humidus, wet; suc- cosus, full of sap, fyc, e. g. ligna; arbor; folia; hence, DRY Pig. = containing little matter, jejune; void of spirit, of persons and things, opp. copiosus, e. g. a teacher, an orator, speech, writing) ; Jn. exsiccatus atque aridus (dried up and withered). — siticulosus. sitiens (propr. longing, thirsting for ?noisture).—torrid\is (opp. u\idus ; dried upfm external heat, aridus being fm internal heat or dryness; e.g. a fountain, fons). — exsuccus (propr. ; with- out juice or sap).— jejunus (fig.; dry, jejune; without spirit, of things and persons, opp. plenus, copiosus, e. g. things, materials, subject for a speech, fyc, res; oratio; orator; scriptor) ; Jn. jejunus et aridus (e.g. tale, style, delivery, narratio, traditio). — exilis (fig. ; meagre, lean, containing little matter, e. g. oratio). — frigidus (fig. frosty, feeble, of persons and things; e. g. orator; verba; jocus; negotia). — austerus (grave and d., severe, opp. comis, jucundus, of persons and things) ; dry ( = not giving any milk), *sicca or lacnon praebens : very d., peraridus ; siccatus in ariditatem : a d. throat, fauces siecae or aridae : d. bread, panis siccus (not soaked in athg ; not eaten with athg to it, as ivine or any other drink; see Hard. Plin. 22, 25, 68): d. food or vic- tuals, victus aridus (containing little nutriment); viclus tenuis (scanty) : a d. joke, *jocus serio vultu prolatus : to eat d. bread, panem siccum or *sine opsonio edere : a d. style of painting, *dura pingendi ratio : d. places, siccanea (sc. loca) ; siticulosa (sc. loca) ; sitientia (sc. loca) : a d. year, annus siccus : a very d. year, siccitate insignis annus; annus, quo siccitatibus laboratur: d. weather, siccitas ; siccitates (lasting or continuing ; see Herz. Cms. B. G. 4, 16). The d. land, siccum (that was wet or inundated before; e. g. to stand or remain on d. land, in sicco desistere, of water; see L. 1, 4); aridum (d. land, continent, where there is no water, e. g. naves in aridum subducere, Cces. B. G. 4, 29 ; ex arido tela conjicere, Cces. B. G. 4, 24) : in a d. way or manner, sicce ; jejune; exiliter ; frigide [Syn. above]. graviter et severe, austere: to be d. (propr.), arere; (fig.) nullam habere sermonis comitatem: to make d. ; see To Dry. — to become d., aiescere (C). — exsiccescere (Vitr.). — exarescere (e. g. fauces siti, C). — arefieri (Plin.). — p:;rarescere (to become thoroughly d.). DRY, trans.) || To free fm moisture, siccare (0.) ; exsiccare (C.) ; desiccare (Plin.); assiccare (Col.) : arefacere (Plin.) ; siccitatem inferre. — torrefacere (to make d. by external heat, to parch). — || To wipe away moisture, tergere ; detergere ; exter- gere (C); abstergere (0.). — || To drain, exbau- rire. exinanire. vacuum facere. exsiccare. — || Dry tip your tears, parcite lacrymis. To d. one's tears, lacrimas abstergere. — || Intrans.) siccescere. ex- siccescere. siccari. exsiccari. — arescere. arefieri. ex- arescere. exarefieri (Plin.) ; arere (Plant.) [Syn. of siccus, aridus, in Dry, adj.]. To begin to d., subares- cere : to d. thoroughly, assiccescere [Col. 12, 9, 1). — perarescere (quite through). To spread out grass to d., herbam in sole exponere, ut siecescat (Col. 12, 28, 1). To Dry up, trans.) extorrere; exsiccare; urere, adurere (of the heat of the sun). — Intrans ) Same verbs as ' /o drj ' intrans.— inarescere (C.) ; penitus siccari (Col.). The rivers dried up, evanuerunt et exaruerunt amnes (Plin.). Nothing d.'s up sooner than tears, nihil citius quam lacrima arescit (C), inarescit (Q.): tod. up before it is ripe, inarescere ante maturitatem (Col. 4, 24, 3). DRY-EYED, Crcl. with siccus (e. g. eyes). DRYING-GROUND or PLACE, *)ocus, in quo fit insolatio (linteorum, &c). DRYLY, see ' In a Dry manner,' and Coldly. DRYNESS, siccitas (propr. ; then also fig. e. g. speech). — ariditas. aritudo (propr. drought, the former as quality, the latter as lasting state). — jejunitas. exi- litas (fig. jejuneness, meagreness, insipidness, e. g. of a speech) : d. in one's throat, fauces siecae or aridae : d. of the season, coelum siccum; siccitas; siccitates (if lasting): this has been a season of unusual d., siccitate insignis annus fuit: the season was one of unusual d., siccitatibus eo anno laboratum est : the d. of a dis- course, orationis exilitas. DRY-NURSE, s. assa nutrix (Front.) or assa only (e. g. vetulee assee, Juv. ; = 'nutrix arida et vet us ta, quae lac non prsestat infantibus, sed solum diligen- tiam et munditiain adhibet,' Schol.). DRY-NURSE, v. curare (g. t. for ' taking care of). — fovere parvulos. DRY-SHOD, *siccis pedibus: to pass over d.-s., *in sicco transire (the Vulgate has transire in calceamentis, Is. 11, 15). DUAL, dualis numerus (Q. Instit. 1, 5, 42). DUB, || To confer knighthood, *qm in ordinem (283) DUE equestrem recipere. — H To confer any dignity; see To Confer. DUB, intr.) Of any brisk noise (e. g. that produced on a drum), *celeriter rotare sonum. DUBIOUS, see Doubtful. DUBIOUSLY, see Doubtfully. DUBIOUSNESS, see Doubtfulness. DUBITABLE, see Doubtful. DUBITATION, see Doubtfulness or Doubt. DUCAL, *ducalis. But more frequently by the gen. ducis, e. g. *ducis horti. DUCAT, «Ducatus, quem vocant. DUCHESS, *dux (a female leader, in the German sense ; see the remark on Duke). — ducis uxor (the con- sort of a duke). DUCHY, *ducatus. — ducis terrae. DUCK, s. || A bird, anas (Mart.). — 1| Female of a drake, anas femina. — A tame duck, anas cicur, domestica. A d. decoy, locus, ubi fiunt anatibus in- sidise. A small wild d., anaticula fera : a wild d., *anas fera (*anas boschas, Linn.) : of a d., anatinus. — l| Ducks and drakes (the game so called); see Drake. — 1| (A word of endearment) charissime ; dulcis- sime rerum (H.); corculum (Ter.). DUCK, intrans.) submergere fluetibus caput. — || To drop down the head, caput demittere. — II To cringe, vid. DUCK, v. TR. See To Immerse. DUCKER, see Diver. DUCKING, Crcl. — To get a good d., permadescere. madefieri pluvia or imbre. madidum reddi aqua: aby has got a good d., madidum or madefactum esse imbre. DUCKLING, anaticula (also as term of endearment). DUCT, || Guidance, vid. — || A passage; see Canal. DUCTILE, adj. \\ Easy to be drawn out into length, ductilis (Plin.).— 1| Flexible, flexibilis (0.); flexilis (Plin.); lentus (V.). — \\ Tractable, flexi- bilis; tractabilis (Plin.). DUCTILENESS or DUCTILITY, || Flexibility, vid. — 1| Obsequiousness, obsequium. obsequentia (the latter, Cces. B. G. 7, 29). — facilitas. animus facilis (docility). — obtemperatio (an adapting oneself to athg, ci rei, e. g. legibus institutisque). DUDGEON, || A small dagger, vid.— 1| Malice, e. g. to take in d., aegre or moleste ferre (to feel sore at, to be vexed at) ; in malam partem accipere. in aliam partem accipere ac dictum est (to put a wrong in- terpretation on) : he will take every thing in d., est in eo animus ad accipiendam offensionem mollis (C. Att. 1, 17, 2). DUE, adv. e. g. ' to keep due on' (Shak.), recta via or recta (only) ; recto itinere or recto (only) : d. on, in rectum (e. g. equum agere) : to be situated d. east, in orientem spectare : d. west, in occidentem or oc- casum. DUE, adj. || Owed, debitus (C). To pay money before it is d., pecuniam repraesentare (to pay it down at once in hard cash). — pecuniam in antecessum dare (Sen., $c). To be d., deberi ci; ci tribuendum esse, non venire; exspectari (of mails, fyc.) : to be or fall d., in diem qm cadere (e. g. numi). The day on wch money is d., *dies constitutus, quo pecunia* syngrapha solvenda est ; or *dies, post quem pignus caducum est. What gratitude is d. to the gods, quanta gratia diis debetur.— 1| Fit, idoneus; conveniens; necessarius; congruens : aptus (C). — Justus (belonging, as it is right). — nieritus (deserved). — dignus (worthy). Sts Jus- tus, rectus. — legitimus. In d. form, rite(C). As is d., ut decet or convenit: d. dignity, debita dignitas : in d. manner, (ex or pro) merito. See Proper, Suit- able. DUE, s. || That wch belongs to one, jus (C). — debitum (used subst.; e.g. debito fraudari). — justum (what one can demand fm others). To give every one his d., suum cuique tribuere (C). Aby's d., quantum ci debeo, debes, &c. : to pay every body his d., *quantum cuique debeamus persolvere. To be aby's d., deberi ci. — 1| What custom or law requires to be done, officii munus : debitum ofiicium (C). — \\ Imposts, fees, v). Things wch spring up fm the ), nomen cs eximere de tabulis; aby's name fin the list of senators, eradere qm albo senatorio (T.); /'» a book, nomen tollere ex libro : the recollec- tion of athg is gradually effaced, memoria cs rei sensim obscuratur et evanescit. See Erase. EFFECT, effectus (both the efficient power contained in athg, and the effected consequence). — vis (power). Jx. vis et effectus. — efficientia (efficient power).— im- pulsus (impulse). — apijulsus (the approach of an efficient cause. e*ply of the sun ; then, generally, the operation of one thing on another). — eventus (result). — The slow e. of medicine, tarditas medicinae : to take e., to be of e., vim habere {not vim exserere) ; efficacem esse (of medicines, 8,-c.) : to have the same e., eosdem effectus habere : the ■medicine is taking e., venis concipitur medicina; is of no e., medicamentum imbecillius est, quam mor- bus : to have no e., irrttum or frustra esse : to take e upon athg, vim habere ad qd, or in qa re ; vim exer- cere in qd ($*g"not vim exserere in qd, wch is not Lat.) : to take e. on aby, effectu esse erga qm (of medicines); efficacem esse ad qm (of medicines and other things) ; qm or cs animum movere or commovere (of what aff:ds the mind) : to have great e. upon aby, cs ani- mum vehementer movere or percutere : prayers wch seldom fniss of their e. upon female hearts, prece*, quae ad muliebre ingenium efficaces sunt (L.) : to have a different e. upon different minds, varie animos efficere : to have a good e., boni qd efficere : to have a beneficial e. upon aby, salubrem vim in qm exercere; ci pro- desse : to have an injurious e. upon aby, ci nocere. Without e. ; to no e., sine effectu. — frustra (in vain) : without any e., sine ullo effectu: what is of little e., or without e., parum efficax (&j§T inefficax post-Class.). To bring to full e , perficere; ad effectum adducere or perducere (ggf^qd effectum dare, tradere, &c, is old Lat.). To do in e.( = to as good as do) may of ten betrans- lated by quum with the indicat. ; the sentence ' to do this is in e. to do,' being turned into the form ' when you do this, you do,' fyc. Thus, this is in e. to say ; or to say this in e. to say, quum hoc dico (dicis, dicit) . . . dico (dicis, dicit, e. g. quum in portum dico, in urbem dico) : to name these tribes was in e. to say, that you had rather be tried by judges who did not know you, than by judges who did, quum has tribus edidisii, ignotis te judicibus, quam notis, uti malle indicasti. || In effect, re. re- vera. reapse. re et veritate [in reality, not in words only). — sane, profecto (assuredly), non verbis, sed re : as it was in e., ut erat (e. g. multis, ut erat, atrox videbaturejus sententia).— 1| The purpose or gene- ral tenour of a speech, fyc. The speech was to this e., orationis summa erat : the letter was to this e., epistola his verbis conscripta erat; in epistola scriptum erat his fere verbis : a letter to the same e., in eandem rationem scripta epistola : Ccesar said a good deal more to the same e., multa a Caesare in eandem sententiam dicta sunt : to that e. ( — end), that fyc, hac mente. hoc consilio (ut) &c. || Effects, res. bona. My, thy, 8fc. e.'s, mly by neul. plur. of possessive pron. I carry all my e.'s with me, omnia mea mecum porto. EFFECT, v. ad effectum adducere (Iggfrqd effectum dare, tradere, reddere, are prce-Class.). efficere. ad exi- tum adducere. ad finem perducere. absolvere. perfi- cere [Syn. in Accomplish]. EFFECTIBLE. quod fieri or effici potest. EFFECTIVE, efficax (g. t. Coel. ap. C.—L. : not C. or Cces.). — valens (strong, powerful, $c., both of things, as medicines, proofs, 8fc, and of persons ; e. g. a logi- cian, dialecticus). — fortis (strong, of medicines, 8fc). — praesens (exercising immediate influence; e.g. medi- cines : praesentaneus post-Class.). — potens (power- ful ; of medicines, arguments, fyc. mly poet, and in post-Aug. prose). 'E. of athg' (Bacon, Taylor, fyc), efficiens cs rei (C), also effector or effectrix cs rei. g§p° Effectivus occurs in effectiva ars (Q. 2, 18, 5) iroinTiKt]; that is, neither merely contemplative nor ter- minating in the act (like dancing), but leaving some effect or product behind it. E. agst athg, «valens ad- versus qd : to be e., vim habere ( ^§° not vim exse- rere) ; efficacem esse : to be very e., magnam vim ha- (292) EFF here : we must lake more e. measures, fortioribus reme- diis utendum est (L.): the engines now began to prove e., opera jam erant in effectu. An e. cause, causa efficiens (C). — quod ci rei efficienter antecedit. To be e. of athg, efficientem esse cs rei (e. g. virtus efficiens est voluptatis). \\ As a military term, qui arma ferre or munus militiae sustinere potest (fm health, strength, fyc. cf. Cces. B. G. 6, 18. L. 22, 11): the army consists of ten thousand e. men, decern millia in armis sunt. EFFECTIVELY, efficienter (C.). —efficaciter (Sen. Plin. ; in an effectual manner). EFFECTLESS, sine (ullo) effectu.— invalidus (opp. fortis, valens, of medicines). — iuutilis. To be e. (of things), irrttum or frustra esse. EFFECTOR, effector, molitor. auctor. architectus. Jn. parens effectorque. [Syn. in Author.] EFFECTUAL, efficax. valens. fortis. praesens [Syn. in Effective]. An e. remedy, valens medicamentum (Cels.); praesens medicina, remedium (Col.) : e. conso- lation, valens solatium (Sen.): e. agst athg, valens adversusqd: to be e., vim habere (|^°«oI vim ex- serere); efficacem esse: to be very e., vim magnam habere: the medicine is e., concipitur venis medica- mentum; is not e., medicina imbecillior est, quam morbus : to adopt more e. measures, fortioribus reine- diis agere : he thought that the most e. measures should be taken to prevent this, ne id accideret, magnopere praecavendum sibi existimabat. EFFECTUALLY, efficienter (C); efficaciter (Sen. Plin.). — non frustra (not in vain). — prospere (success* fully). — potenter (powerfully ; Q.). EFFECTUATE, ad effectum adducere. See Effect. EFFEMINACY, mores effeminati. effeminatus animi languor (Qm. C. in C. Epp.). vita effeminata, mollis, delicata, enervata. — mollitia or mollities ; or by Crcl. with effeminare [ EcSeF effeminatio very late]. EFFEMINATE, v. xr. ) effeminare. emollire.— deli- ciis frangere qm. nervos omnes mentis ac corporis frangere (Q.). — 1| Intr) effeminari ; emolliri. EFFEMINATE, adj. mollis, mollis et effeminatus. delicatus. — homo vulsus (an e. dandy, who has plucked out his superfluous hairs ; Q. 2, 5, 12). EFFEMINATELY, molliter. effeminate. EFFERVESCE, fervere. effervescere (propr. and impr.; e. g. vinum effervescit; in dicendo stomacho iracundiaque effervescere). EFFERVESCENCE, fervor (of new wine, musti; also impropr.). EFFETE, || Barren, vid. — || Worn out with age, fyc, effetus (e.g. corpus, C. ; vires, senectus, V.). — senectute (V.) or aetate (S.) confectus. — enectus (worn out by hunger and suffering). — obsoletus (worn out; propr. of garments). — hebetatus. retusus. obtusus (blunted; all propr. and impropr.). EFFICACIOUS, efficax (Coel. ap. C. Epp. and L. ; not C. or Cces. ; often by Crcl. with efficere, valere, vim habere). See Effective, Effectual. EFFICACIOUSLY, efficienter (rare, but Class.).— efficaciter (post-Class. ; but not of rare occurrence). EFFICACY, vis (power; or Crcl. with valere). — virtus (medicinal property of herbs, §c). — efhcacitas. efficientia (g§p°efficacia, post-Class, in the elder Pliny). In poetry sts pondera (interdum lacrimae pondera vocis habent, O.). Natural e., naturalis efficientia or potestas. EFFICIENCY!} efficientia ! ««Efficacy. EFFICIENT, see Effective, Effectual. EFFIGY, effigies, imago [see Image]. To burn or hang in e., *effigiem cs comburere or (arbore) suspen- dere. EFFLORESCENCE, || Production of flowers; Crcl. with florem mittere or expellere. — ||Ora the skin, scabies (g. t. ; also on trees). — mentSgra; mentlgo (on the chin). — lepra (leprosy). — pustules (heat-spots on any part of the body).— porrigo (on the head). — rubores (red- ness).— boa (Lucil. ap. Fest., Plin.; a disease in wch red pimples rise in the flesh).— molestiae (little trou- bles; on the face, $c.).— exanthema; pi., exanthemata (Marc. Empir. ; in Cels. in Greek characters). EFFLUENCE, || The flowing forth fm, efflu- vium, profluvium. — || What flows forth; Crcl. with manare, fluere ; manare et fluere. There are many e.'sfm the moon, multa a luna manant et rluunt : the souls of men are merely e.'sfm the soul of the uni- verse, ex animo per naturam rerum omnem intento et commeante nostri animi carpuntur. Ex universa mente divina delibatos animos habemus. Our of the Deity, anatura Deorum haustos animos batos habemus : those forms of Epicurus, iniversa mente souls are e.'s nimos et deli- s, wch he con- EFF tiders e.'s fm the surface of bodies, illae Epicuri figurae, quas e summis corporibus elicit effluere. EFFLUVIUM, effluvium {the flowing forth; e. g. humoris e corpore). — id quod a qa re manat et fluit ; id quod ex qa re effluit. EFFLUX, |1 Act of flowing forth, fluxio (C.) — effluvium. — profluvium. — 1| Effusion, effusio {e.g. animi in laetitia, C. ; hence ' efflux of piety' [Hammond], *pii animi or sensus effusio). — 1| That wch flows forth, id, quod a qa re manat et fluit; id, quod ex qa re effluit [see Effluence]. EFFLUXION, see Effluence, Efflux. EFFORCE, !| Break through, perrumpere {e.g. per mediam nostrum aciem). — perfodere (parietem). — effringerel fores). — 1| Ravish, vid. EFFORT, contentio. intentio {as action). — labor. — conatus. Jx. conatus studiumque. To make e.'s, niti. conniti. eniti ; vain e.'s, inanes contentiones or impetus : superfluous or immoderate e.'s, effusa contentio : to make great e.'s, vires or nervos intendere or contendere ; a very great e., omni ope atque opera eniti ; in athg, acer- rime agere qd ; obnixe facere qd : to make immense e.'s, contendere et laborare ; omni ope atque opera eniti (ut &c.) : to require great e.'s, positum esse in labore : to direct all one's thoughts and e.'s to athg, omnem cogitationem ac mentem ngere in qa re ; totum animum atque curam ponere inqare; ad rem omni ferri cogitatione ; totum et mente et animo in rem in- sistere: to make e.'s useless, conatum infringere: to make e.'s above one's strength, se supra vires extendere: to make vain e.'s, inanes impetus facere ; in any matter, frustra conari qd : to make e.'s above one's years, praeter aetatem facere: with e., contente : with great e., enixe. obnixe: with the greatest e.'s, manibus pedibusque : not without the greatest e.'s, non sine Bumma industria. EFFRONTERY, os imptidens, durum or ferreum. impudentia. A person of great e., homo perfrictae frontis. EFFULGENCE, fulgor. claritas. nitor. spiendor. candor [Syy. in Brightness]. The e. of glory, glo- riae fulgor. EFFULGENT, clarus. lucidus. fulgens. nitidus. splendidus. luminosus, &c. [Syn. in Bright]. To be e., effulgere {L.). splendescere; nitescere, &c. EFFUSE, fundere, effundere, profundere qd. — {in sacrifice) libare. EFFUSION, effusio (aquae, &c. ; also fig. e. g. animi in laetitia ; hominum ex oppidis). — libatio {in a sacri- fice). E. of blood, caedes, or Crcl., with caedem or san- guinem facere (sang, effundere, profundere = to shed one's own blood). A victory won without any e. of blood, victoria incruenta (L.). EGG, ovum. A new-laid e., ovum recens {opp. ov. vetustum or requietum) : a raw e., ovum crudum : an addle-e., a wind-e., ovum irrttum or urtnum : ovum silens (in wch no motion of the young bird is heard) : the e.'s are addle, ova carent animalibus {Col.) : an e. in wch the young bird is formed prematurely, ovum abortivum : a hard-boiled e., ovum durum : a soft- boiled e., ovum molle : very soft-boiled, ovum sorbile {so that one can sup it up) : fried e.'s, ova assa ; ova ex butyro or ex oleo fricta : to lay e.'s, ova gignere, pare're (ft), ponere, edere (Co/.) : to lay small e.'s, ova exigua facere : to sit upon e.'s, ovis incubare {Col., or ova incubare, Varr.); ova eniti {Col. 8, 11, to hatch); ovis excludere pullos {to hatch) : to place e.'s under a hen, ova gallinae supponere (C.) : ova gallinae (incubanda) subjicere (Plin.): they are as like as one e. to another, nee ovum ovo similius {Plin.) : to tread as if he were walking on e.'s, ire suspenso gradu; pedem summis digitis suspendere. The white of an e., album or albumen ovi, albus ovi liquor. — ovi candidum or candor: the yolk, luteum. vitellus. — Prov. To teach one's grandmother to suck e.'s, sus Minervam, ut aiunt (5? -r'nv 'AOnvav, ft)! malleus manubrio sapientior (Plaut. Epid. 3, 8, 87). EGG-SAUCE, *jus ovis mixtum. EGG-SHELL, oviputamen {Col.), or testa {Veget.), or calixl/Vin.). EGG-SPOON, cochlear ovis utile {Mart. 14, 121). EGG ON, impellere qm (ad or in qd, ft). — qm or cs animum incendere, concitare, excitare, incitare, im- pellere, commovere, stimulare; stimulis concitare ad qd; stimulos ci admovere {all ft); perpellere qm (L.). EGLANTINE, *rosa canina. EGOTISM, vana de se persuasio. jactantia sui. os- tentatio sui. immodica sui aestimatio {aft. Curt. 8, 1, 22). EGOTIST, sibi valde placens {Petron. 126, 9).— im- (2/ a circle; but it was a measuring instrument = 45 degrees, Vitr.). — sescuncia (of a whole divided into twelve parts, like the Rom. As). EIGHTIETH, oetogesimus. EIGHTY, octoginta. — octogeni (distributive). E times, octogies. A man of e. years old, octogenarius ; also octoginta annos natus. The men of e. years old, senes octogenarii ; senes octogenum annorum. EITHER— OR, aut— aut. vel— vel. sive (seu) — sive (seu). — 06*. 1) Aut is objective, and refers to a real difference in the things or notions themselves: vel it subjective, and relates to a difference between them as contemplated by the mind of the person who is speak- ing or acting about them ; aut — aut therefore should be used when things are strongly opposed in their own nature, aut dives aut pauper; aut frigus aut calor; aut Cicero aut Pcmpeius, &c. Aut— aut should al--o be used EIT inthe sense of either, or at least [autinomni, aut in magna parte vitae, C. Tusc. 3, 17, 28J. Aut — aut may stand in interrogative and comparative sen- tences, and may follow negatives. (2) Vel — vel. In aut — aut the members necessarily exclude each other ; in vel — vel they only exclude each other arbi- trarily, according to the view of the speaker, and it is not implied that they might not possibly co-exist. Vel — vel sometimes approaches to the meaning of sive — sive ; i. e. the speaker conceives the things as different indeed, but not essentially, so that it is immaterial wch is taken: pace vel Quirini vel Romuli dixerim. The second vel may be strengthened by etiam, vero etiam, or omnino. (3) Sive — sive is the 'either — or' of indifference, the speaker leaving it undecided, fm ignorance or any other motive, wch name, supposition, fyc, is the correct one ; e. g. sive casu, sive consilio ; sive felicitate quadam, sive bonitate naturae, &c. In the best prose, esply in C, sive — sive is used; with the exception, however, ofCces., who has often seu — seu. In post- Aug. writers we have also sive — seu, or seu — sive. The second sive may be strengthened by etiam. — 4) After ?iegatives, the usual way of translating 'either — or' is by (neque)— neque ; e. g. nemo unquam neque poeta neque orator fuit ; nihil loci est neque segnitise neque socordiae [see end of Obs. 1, on aut]. Not either — or, neque (nee)— neque (nee). E. — or even, aut— aut etiam, aut— aut vero {the second being the stronger supposition). — vel — vel etiam; vel etiam vero; vel omnino. — B$*|p" The aut or vel may be repeated three or more times. The first aut may also be omitted, just as in English ; we must {either) conquer or die, hie (aut) vincendum, aut moriendum milites. EITHER {of the two), alteruter {either one or the other). — uter, utercunque {mly 'which,' ' whichever' of the two, but sts = ' either;' e. g. si uter [orator et decu- manus] velit). — uterlibet. utervis {either of the two indifferently). — utrum mavis {wch of the two you choose). Nor did he wish to deprive the state of e. army, neque rempublicam altertltro exercitu privare voluit : if any one had not been of e. side, si qui non alteriusutrius partis fuisset : take or choose e., utrum- libet elige or utrum horum mavis accipe : in e. way the consequence will be a great confusion, utrocunque modo summa sequetur confusio (Q. 3, 6, 29). / have less strength than e. of you, minus habeo virium, quam utervis vestrum : let e. abuse the other, uterque utrum- que vituperato. Not — either, neuter; on either ( = each) side, alterutrimque {Plin. 20, 7, 26). EJACULATE {Dart out), jacere. ejicere. — mit- tere {also preces). EJACULATION, \\Act of darting forth, jactus {act of throwing); or Crcl. — 1| Hasty prayer, *preces subitae [Kraft gives preces jaculatoriae as a middle-Lat. expression]. To titter an e., *preces subitas mittere. EJACULATORY, Crcl., *subito missus {of prayers). EJECT, ejicere {with ex or de; seld. abl. only, except with domo [ = out of the house; or out of one's home] ; cast out; also of casting up through the mouth; blood, sanguinem). — pellere qa. re, ex or de qa re {drive away or out, domo, civitate, patria, foro or e foro). — expel- lere qa re, ex or a qa re {drive out, domo, ex urbe, civitate, ex republica ; fm one's possessions, possessioni- bus ; fm one's country, a patria). — depellere qm qa re and de qa, re {drive away : urbe, ex urbe, deprovincia). — exigere qm qa re, ex or de qa re (domo ; e civitate). dejicere ex or de {cast out violently, esply as milit. t. t. ; out of the fort, ex castello ; fm his estate, de fundo). EJECTION, ejectio {casting forth; e.g. sanguinis, Vitr.). — exspuitio. exscreatio {of spitting forth ; e. g. blood). — dejectio {sc. alvi). — [| As legal term for ex- pulsion, dejectio (C. pro Ccecin. 30, 57; ejectment fm a property). — expulsio. exactio. ejectio {also fm con- text = banishment fm a stale). See Expulsion. EJECTMENT, dejectio (C. pro Ccecin. 30, 57). Or by Crcl. with dejicere {e. g. de fundo). EJULATION, ejulatio {Plaut. C). EKE, adv. See Also. EKE, v. augere. adaugere (qd qa re), addere (qd ci rei). See Enlarge. — \\Eke out {one thing with another), supplere; explere {to add what is wanting). — pensare ; compensare (qd qa. re or cum re). — 1| Lengthen, vid. ELABORATE, v. qdconficere, perficere {complete); scribere. condere {compose). — commentari. — $&jgT Not elaborare qd, wch is found only in a doubtful passage in the elder Plin. The verb itself is found in Class, prose only in inf. and per f. partcp. pass. — 1| Elaborated, 8cc. ; see Elaborate. (294) ELD ELABORATE, adj. magno labore confectus {in a good sense). — operose perfectus {Hirt. B. G. 8, prooem.). anxius. nimius. *nimia diligentia elaboratus. perfec- tus. perpolitus. nimis exquisitus (e. g. munditia). E. elegance of style, anxia orationis elegantia {Gell.). An e. work, liber diligenter accurateque scriptus. Accurate without being painfully e., accuratus et sine molestia diligens (e. g. elegantia, C. Brut. 38). ELABORATELY, curiose. accurate, diligenter. la- boriose {Catull. and Cels.; but comp. and superl., C). — operose (e. g. nihil est tarn operose ab aliis perfectum quod, &c, Hirt.). ELABORATENESS, nimia diligentia or cura. ELANCE, see Dart, Hurl. ELAPSE {of time), praeterire. transire {to pass by).—* intercedere. interponi. interesse. interjectum esse {to be placed between one event or point of time and a sub- sequent one). — peragi. confici {to be spent). — circumagi {to roll round). — consumi {to be consumed). — effluere (to pass away rapidly and unprofitable ; not simply ' to elapse'). — fi^T Not praeterlabi ; nor elabi, elapsus, except in the sense of slipping away unprofllably ; as Sen.; magna vitae pars elabitur male agentibus. Hardly a year had elapsed since this conversation oc- curred, vix annus intercesserat ab hoc sermone: ten days had not yet elapsed, dies nondum decern interces- serant : after two years were already elapsed, biennio jam confecto. Nearly thirty years elapsed between the building of Lavinium and the founding the colony of Alba Longa, inter Lavinium et Albam Longam deduc- tam triginta ferme interfuere anni : two years have elapsed, amplius sunt sex anni. ELASTIC, *elasticus.— recellens {Bau., aft. Lucr. ; terra retro recellit, 6, 573).— mollis {soft). Prps reper- cussibilis {what can be driven back ; Ccel. Aurel. Tar- dit.). ELASTICITY, *natura or vis elastica: e. of the air, intensio aeris {Sen. Nat. Qucest. 2, 6, 2). ELATE, elatus (qa re, lifted up by). — superbia sese efferens (5.). — inflatus, with or without jactatione or in- solentia. ELATE, v. efferreqm.— inflare. sufflare {puff a per- son up). To e. a man, inflare cs animum (ad qd ; e. g. ad intolerabilem superbiam, L.). To be elated, se efferre or eflerri (qa re); by prosperity or success, se- cunda fortuna efferri ; secundis rebus intumescere or insolescere. — \\ Raise, heighten {in a good sense), vid. ELATION, elatio {act of lifting up; e. g. animi, virium). — fastus {insolent pride). ELBOW, cubitum. To lean on one's e., in cubitum inniti. corpus in cubitum levare.— 1| Impr.) Bendi ng, cubitum (e. g. orae, Plin.). — versiira {outward bending at the angle of a wall ; Vitruv.) ; of a chair, ancon ; of land, lingua, lingula. — 1| To be at aby's elbow { — to be near him), sub manibus cs esse {of persons ; see Plane, in C. Epp. 10, 23, 10 ; ad manum or prae mani- bus esse are of things) : to have aby at one's e., qm ad manum habere (e. g. servum). ELBOW, v. cubitis depulsare {e. g. qm de via, Plaut. Stick. 2, 2, 13) ; cubitis trudere hinc et inde {e.g. con- vivas, Mart.). To e. one's way, cubitis de via depul- sare homines ; penetrare per densam turbam. ELBOW-CHAIR, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata {Ccel. Aur. Tard.).— cathedra {of Rom. ladies). ELBOW-GREASE ( = labour, hard work), conten- tio. labor, summa industria. ELBOW-ROOM, propr.) *spatium, in quo libere or facile se movendi datur copia or facultas. locus laxior (L.). H Impropr.) campus in quo late vagari or exsul- tare possis, or campus only {opp. angustiae). To have plenty of e.-r., late vagari posse. ELD, see Age. ELDER, major natu {opp. minor natu) ; also major only.— prior, superior {the one who lived first; e. g. the e. Dionysius, Dionysius superior). The e.'s, or one's e., senes ; parentes {opp. liberi). ||/ra the Church, pres- byter {Eccl.). ELDER, s. sambucus. arbor sambucea L*sambucus nigra, Linn.]. Elderberry, sambucum (late). Elder- flower, flos sambuci: e. syrup, *succi sambucis ex- pressi. ELDER-TREE, see Elder, s. ELDERSHIP, aetatis privilegium (Just. 2, 10, 2: not primogenitura). || Church-eldership, presby- terium (e. g. presbyterii honos, Cyprian). ELDEST, natu maximus : the e. of his children, vetustissimus liberorum (T.): thee, of the race, stirpis maximus: the e. of this generation, vetustissimus ex iis, qui vivunt. ELE ELECAMPANE, inula.— nectarea (sc herba). ELECT, creare (v. pr.ofthe constitutional election of a magistrate, or even a king).— capere {when the elected person is taken, without or agst his will, fm his family circle, as was the case with the Vestal Virgins and the Flamen Dialis). — legere (to choose with ref. to the qualities required for the office). — eligere (to make a choice out of several persons ; not to take the first that comes to hand). Jn. eligere et creare (e. g. a king). — deligere (to make a choice of him who seems fittest for the office in question). — cooptare (to elect a colleague into the body of wch the elector is himself a member). — designare (to appoint to an office after a previous elec- tion). — declarare (to declare a person elected; said either of the presiding magistrate or of the people assem- bled in their Comitia). To e. a senator, qm in sena- tum legere or cooptare : to e. a man consul, qm con- sulem creare : to e. an arbiter, capere arbitrum : to e. aby into the place of another, subrogare, sufficere qm in cs locum (subrog. of the presiding magistrate who proposes the person to the people, suff. of the people itself). ELECT, as adj. electus. — a Deo electus {in theol. sense). The consul e., consul designatus. ELECTION, || Choice, electio (act of choosing).— op- tio (liberty of choice). — arbitrium (free will). — eligendi optio ; also optio et potestas ; potestas optioque. Aby may make his e. to do this, fyc, liberum est ci qd facere (i. e. rather than something else, C. ; and also in Inst. Just. fyc, for the power of an heir, legatee, fyc, to accept or refuse the heirship, legacy, fyc). To allow aby to make his e., ci optionem dare or facere, or deferre (all C, not ferre.~»electionem dare, prps only in Veil. 2, 72, 5) (See Choice] ; potestatem optionemque facere ci, ut eligat(C); facere ci arbitrium in eligendo. || Elec- tion to an office, creatio. In Lat. oft comitia, pi. (i. e. the assembly at wch a person is elected; e. g. tuis comitiis) : of a member of Parliament, "creatio senatoris Britinnici. || Day of e., dies comitialis : the day of your e., comitia tua. ELECTIONEERING; the nearest term «ambitus, us, wch, however, denotes only corrupt e. proceedings. ELECTIVE, qui &c. eligitur. An e. monarchy, ♦regnum, in quo rex creatur, non nascitur. ELECTOR, I One who has the right of voting at an election, *qui suffragium or jus suffragii habet. — elector (one who chooses, selects, fyc, Auct.Her. 4, 4). \\As title of a German prince, elector (t. t.). ELECTRIC, "I *electricus : e. machine, *machina ELECTRICAL,/ electrica. ELECTRICITY, *vis or natura electrica. ELECTRIFY, *vi electrica imbuere. || Fig.) in- cendere qm or cs animum ; mirifice or mirandum in modum afficere, percellere qm. ELECTUARY, ecligma, n. (Plin.) ELEEMOSYNARY, Crcl. by stipem spargere, lar- giri (to bestow alms) ; or stipem cogere, colligere, or emendicare a qo: to live by e. aid, aliena misericordia vivere ; stipe precaria victitare (Ammian.). ELEGANCE, elegantia (fine taste in what is ex- tenor; in composition, fyc). — urbanitas {in manners). — cultus amcenior (in dress). — nitor (neatness, polish in style). — concinnitas (with ref. to symmetry, apt arrangement, fyc). ELEGANT, elegans. — urbanus (polite, polished). — lautus (lit. washed; hence, purified fm all that is mean or unbecoming ; esply of mode of living, furniture, ban- quets, fyc). — Jn. lautus et elegans (e. g. victus). — con- cinnus (suitably and artistically arranged, with ref. to symmetry, fyc. of the countenance, language, fyc ). — Jn. concinnus et elegans (C. ; of a person).— bellus (pretty, fyc; of what inform, manner of action, fyc, borders on the beautiful ; of things and persons). — comptus (orna- mented ; of language and orators). — Jn. nitidus et comptus. — compositus (well put together; e.g. literae ; then also of orators and oratory). E. literature or learn- ing, literae interiores , rec onditae, exquisitae (lit. ele- gantes not found). ggp° Of style, elegans relates, not to rhetorical ornaments, fyc, but to selectness in the choice and use of words, as marking refined taste. ELEGANTLY, laute. concinne. belle, eleganter. nitide [Syn. in Elegant]. — commode (sufficiently well, with propriety ; e.g. saltare, legere). — compte (e.g. dicere). To write c, eleganter scribere: e. dressed, con- cinne et lepide vestitus (Plant.). ELEGIAC, elegiacus (Gramm.). E. verses, elegi : poet. Crcl. versus impariter juncti (H.). || Mourn- ful, vid. (295) ELI ELEGY, elegia (eXeyela; also eleglon, Auson.).— carmen elegiacum (Gramm.). E.'s, elggi. A short e. t elegidion (Pers.). — elegidarion (Petron. 109, 8). ELEMENT, elementum. The e.'s, principia re- rum, e quibus omnia constant : the four e.'s, quatuor elementa. quatuor initia rerum. quatuor nota ilia genera principiorum, e quibus omnia oriuntur : water the fourth e., quartum aquarum elementum. We alone bend the most powerful e.'s to our will, quas res violentissimas natura genuit, earum moderationem nos soli habemus. || Of a science, fyc, elementa. [See Rudiments.] To be out of one's e. in athg, in qa re peregrinum atque hospitem esse. ELEMENTARY, puerllis (such as is suitable for boys). — elementarius (once in Sen. of an old man, who, instead of advancing, still lingers amongst the elements of learning, or at the alphabet). E. instruction, puerorum elementa. literae doctrinaque puerilis. prima puerilis institutio. disciplina puerilis. doctrina puerilis. pueritiae discipiina (all C); *institutio elementaria. To give e. instruction, docere elementa. tradere prima litera- rum elementa. An e. school, *schola, in qua literarum elementa traduntur : e. knowledge, *prima literarum or disciplinae cs cognitio. ELEPHANT, elephas. — elepbantus (in all cases; the former in nom. only, so at least in Liv. Krebs). barrus (H. Carthag. word). ELEPHANTIASIS, elephantiasis (iVin.).-elephan- tia (Scrib. Larg.). — elephantiosis (Veget.): suffering fm c, elephantiacus. ELEPHANTINE, elephantfnus. ELEVATE, \\ Raise, lift up, tollere. attollere. extollere. — levare; allevare (Q); efferre (also fig. of lifting up with pride). || Fig.) To e. one's thoughts to God, *animum convertere or evehere ad cogitationem Dei; one's heart above the world, *animum ad ccelestia tollere (Muret.) : they cannot e. their minds to athg noble or god-like, nihil altum, nihil magnificum ac divinum suspicere possunt. To be elevated (= elated), se efferre qa re ; efferri qa re ; by prosperity, secunda fortuna efferri; secundis rebus intumescere or inso- lescere. Elevated to honours, honore amplificatus. — || Detract from, remove, elevare (e.g. cs auctorita- tem, facta, famam cs rei, &c). ELEVATED, altus. elatus. celsus.— excelsus (propr. and fig.). [Syn. in High.] — editus (of places raised above the level plain; opp. planus). ELEVATION, \\Act of lifting up, allevatio (Q.). — elatio (e. g. onerum, Vitr. ; fig. animi, vocis). — le- vatio (onerum, Vitr.) : e. of the voice, contentio vocis (C); sublatio soni (Q.): e. of the mind, elatio, sub- latio animi (the raising it to higher thoughts) : ascensio (its progress towards perfection, C. Brut. 36, 137). || Height, a) locus editus. collis. — tumulus (mound of earth). || b) Fig.) altitudo. excelsitas ( propr. and fig.). — eminentia (part that stands out; but also fig. = ex- cellence). — elatio (impropr. swelling of the mind, of lan- guage, fyc). E. of mind, animi altitudo ; animi excel- sitas, elatio, eminentia: e. of language or style, ora- tionis elatio atque altitudo; orationis or verborum granditas ; verborum majestas or splendor : sublime e. of language, sublimitas in verbis. || Act of prais- ing, praedicatio. \\ In architecture, orthographia (Vitr. 1, 2, who defines it thus, erecta frontis imago moriiceque picta rationibus operis futura figura). ELEVEN, undecim. — (distributive) undeni. E. and a half, decern cum dimidio. E. times, undecies (C). ELEVENTH, undecimus. An c, undecima pars. For the e, time, undecimum : every e. man, undecimus quisque. ELF (an imaginary evil spirit), incubo (Scrib. Larg. ab incubone deludi); ephialtes (Macrob.). But these were supposed to be the cause of night-mare. See Fairy. E. looks, *intorti capilli. ELICIT, elicere (ex qa re, ex or a qo; literas cs ; verbum ex qo ; lacrimas ; sonum ; ignem lapidum conflictu : also elic. qm ad or in qd, to entice him into). — eblandiri (to wheedle out). — evocare (to call forth). — expiscari (to fish out). To e. tears, lacrimas elicere, evocare, movere; a laugh, risum ci movere, or (Sen.) evocare; secrets, arcana elicere. ELICIT, adj., ad affectum adductus or perductus. EL1CITATION ( ' the deducing of the will into act,' Bramhall); effectio. effectus ; *voIuntatis or animi evocatio. ELIDE, elidere (e. g. ignem e silici). 'To e. the force of an argument ' (Hooker), argumentum refellere, or (Q.) solvere. ELIGIBILITY, Crcl. by dignum ease, qui (qua, ELI quod) eligatur (with ref. to desert); lege nulla excipi, ne eligatur (creetur, designetur, &c. ; with ref. to the absence of any legal disqualification). ELIGIBLE, 1! Capable of being chosen, Crcl. by eligi posse, creari posse, &c. ; nulla lege exceptus, (or quem nulla lex excipit) ne eligatur, &c. (under no legal disqualification). || Such as one should wish to choose, dignus qui (quae, quod) eligatur or deligatur; but mly by commodissimus, optabilis. ex- petendus. Jn. expetendus et optabilis (C). An e. opportunity, opportunitas idonea ; occasio commoda et idonea ; occasio bona et optata. More e., melius, op- tabilius, praestantius. Nothing is more e. than this, hoc nihil optabilius, nihil praestantius. ELIGIBLY, bene.— optato. optabiliter. ELIMINATE, amovere. eliminare ( = domo expel- lere, late; also 'to carry over the threshold,' dicta foras eliminare, H. — prps it may be retained for mathema- tical t. t.). ELIMINATION, amotio (removal, C). ELIQUATION, eliquatio (Ccel. Aurel.). ELISION, elisio (Gramm.). ELITE, flos (nobilitatis, juventutis, &c); robur (mi- litum); delecti (milites, heroes, &c). ELIXIR, potio medicata. [See Quintessence.] ELK, alces (*cervus alces, Linn.). ELL, ulna (by wch cloth, fyc. was measured, H.). — cubitum (the length or breadth measured off) : e.-wide, Sec, cubitalis : two e.'s-wide, See, bicubitalis. To sell by the e., *ad ulnam vendere. ELLIPSE, ellipsis (t. t.).— detractio (Q. I, 5, 40). || In Math, «ellipsis. ELLIPTICAL, praecisus (Gramm.), — *ellipticus. To form an e. ceiling, lacunar de'.umbare ad circinum. ELLIPTICALLY, praecise. — praeciso or omisso no- mine (in Rhet.). — per defVctionem (Gell.). ELM, ulmus. Of e., ulmeus. ELOCUTION, elocutio (oratorical expression; the apt selection of words, arrangement of sentences, 8ec ; y honorable means, bonis et honestis rationibus rem suam augere (opp. inhoneste parare divitias): to take every means of enriching himself, rem familiarem omni ratione exaggerare; by usury, fenore pecunias aucti- tareCT.); by robbing others, aliorum spoliis suas facul- tates augere: to try to e. oneself, divitias quaerere: to seek to e. oneself by robbing others, manus afferre alienis bonis ; manus porrigere in alienas poss-essiones. — || Impropr.) To e. a language, sermonem ditare (H.) : the science has been enriched, disciplina increvit : to e. a science, disciplinam excolere : to e. a temple with paint- ings, templum picturis locupletare (C). ENROLL, inscribere. — qd consignare or in tabulis consignare. — qd in tabulas referre. \\ Enlist, vid. || Involve, vid. ENROLLER, ab actis (Inscr.). — a ccmmentariis (Inscr.) — commentariensis (Paul. Dig. 49, 14, 45). ENROLLMENT, consignatio, or by Crcl. || En- listing, vid. ENS, ENTITY, ens or quod est (in philosophy, as translation of to 6v, ens, Q.; quod est, Sen.).— res (thing). — essentia or substantia (philos. as translation of ovaia : first introduced by C. [according to Sen. Ep. 58, 4], and defended by Q. 8, 3, £3, who refers ens, essentia to Ser- gius Flavins). ENSAMPLE, see Example. ENSANGUINE, sanguine respergere, inquinare, cruentare. Ensanguined, cruentus. cruentatus. — san- guine repersus. ENSCONCE. See Hide. ENSEAR, (ferro) adurere. ENSHIELD. See Shield, v. ENSHRINE, consecrare: in athg, *qa re recondere ac sanctissime custodire. — in quodam quasi fano depo- nere (in fano deponere, of money deposited in a temple, to be kept there). ENSIGN, || Standard, %c, signum militare. — ■ vexillum [Syn. in Colours]. || Badge [vid.], in- signe. || Officer who bears the flag, signifer. vexillarius (not vexillifer).— aquilifer (the i earer of a Roman eagle). ENSLAVE, qm in servitutem redigere ; ci servitu- dinem injungere ; qm servitute injungere ; qm in servi- tutem adducere (e.g. socios nostros, C); qm in ser- vitutem asserere (L.), ducere (Cces.) ; ci servitutem afferre (C.).— subigere (v. pr., esply nations). Jn. vin- cere et subigere. — domare. perdomare. Jn. subigere et domare.— in ditionem suam redigere (bring under ENS subjection). Jn. subigere atque in ditionem suam redigere. Men are sometimes enslaved by excess of liberty, nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit (C). To e. aby to aby, tradere qm in servitutem ci. To be enslaved, in servitute esse (servitutem ser- vire is rare and unnatural) ; servitute oppressum teneri. To be enslaved by aby or athg {fig.), servum esse cs or cs rei; servum esse potestatis cs; ci rei obe- dire. ENSLAVEMENT, \\The state of slavery, ser- ■vitus. servitudo (L. 24, 22, 2). — servitium [Syn. in Slavery]. \\ Act of enslaving, Crcl. by verbs un- der Enslave. ENSLAVER, qui qm in servitutem redigit, asserit, adducit; qui ci servitutem injungit.— domitor (C); domator {Tib.). ENSNARE, irretire (propr. and fig.), qa re or laqueis cs rei. — illaqueare {fig. qa re). See Entangle. ENSUE, s. Follow, Trans.) and Intrans.) ENSURE, || Make safe, tutum reddere, facere or praestare. — in tuto collocare qd {that had been in dan- ger; e. g. famam). — munire {provide with defence). To e. agst athg, tutum reddere adversus qd {e. g. ad- versus pericula, Cels.). To be ensured agst athg, tutum or munitum esse a qa re. || Make certain, confirmare qd or spem cs rei (confirmare spem succes- sions, Suet.). — qd certum reddere. || Ensure a life, ship, house, fyc. See Insure. ENTABLATURE, membra omnia quae sunt supra capitula columnarum {aft. Vitr.). — corona or coronis. ENTAIL, s. [Obs. In the republic and under the earlier emperors, " almost every disposition restraining the power of alienation was prohibited by the Roman law ; and such dispositions of the kind as it afterwards allowed, were created exclusively by testament or codicil, and in the circuitous and absurd manner of a fidei- commissum" {Austin on Jurisprudence); i. e. A left the property to B, his fiduciarius, to be given to C, the fideicommissarius. The fideicommissarius might him- self be bound to give the fideicommissum to a second fideicommissarius {Diet, of Antiqq. p. 420, b)]. — An e., fideicommissaria hereditas {g. t. for a hereditas, to wch one succeeds by a fideicommissum). ENTAIL, v. {see Obs. on Entail, s.) — fidei com- mittere (g. t. for leaving on trust), to wch the condition must be annexed, e. g. *ut praedia ne alienentur. — *ab eo, cui fundum legavimus, fidei committere, ut eum fundum post mortem suam majori natu filio, eadem lege, fideicommitteret {aft. quidam ab eo, cui fundum legaverat, fidei commiserat, ut eum fundum post mortem suam restitueret, Sempronio. Martian, lib. 30, leg. 111). — *filium praedia alienare prohibere, sed conservare majori natu filio fideicommittere {aft. Sccev. Dig., lib. 32, leg. 36 : pater filium praedia alienare probibuerat, sed conservare liberis ceterisque cognatis fideicommiserat). || Impropr.) creare {to cause). — derivare qd in quern {to cause it to flow downfm us to him; with the notion, however, of getting rid of it one- self). — a qo ad qm venit hereditas (aft. C. cupiditatem ad multos improbos venit hereditas). — *qd ci quasi hereditate relinquere. To have entailed destruction on athg, ci rei ultimam causam stetisse, cur periret funditus {poet. H. Od. 1,16). Toe. athg on aby, inde (or cs rei) ad or in qm redundat infamia. 1 will not by my crimes e. infamy on my children, *non comraittam, ut meorum viriorum ad liberos redundet infamia (aft. quorum [vifiorum] ad amicos redundat infamia, C). ENTANGLE, implicare ; in athg, implicare or im- pedire qa re (propr. and fig). — illaqueare qa re (en- snare in athg): to e. hair, capillos turbare (g. t. for putting it in disorder) : to be entangled in a law-suit, lite implicari : to e. oneself in athg, implicari or se impedire qa re : to e. aby in his talk, *animum cs interrogationibus implicare or conturbare ; laqueis in- sidiosae interrogationis involvere (Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 18). An entangled business, res impedita, contorta; res con- torta et difficilis. ENTANGLEMENT, implicatio. — nodus (knot).— turba (confusion). — tricae (perplexed relations). ENTER, inire. intrare. introire. ingredi (inire de- notes almost always a figurative entering; e. g. inire pugnam, numerum, &c. ; intrare, trans., with emphasis on the verbal notion; introire, intrans., with emphasis on the adverbial notion : in intrare, one thinks of cross- ing the threshold; in introire, of being enclosed within the four walls : intrare, introire, suppose a space purposely marked out by walls, boundaries, marks, Sfc. ; but ingredi, a space limited in any way, e. g. viam, pontem, &c. D'6d. — introire takes ace, or more cmly ace. with 'in'). To e. the house, domum inire; (307) ENT domum or in domum introire ; limen intrare.— tectum subire (go under the roof); the gate, januam intrare {for the purpose of going into the house) : the sun e.'s Scor- pion, sol ingreditur Scorpionem, or transit in Scorpio- nem ; also in Geminos &c. introitum facit (Col.) : to e. a ship, inscendere navem or in navem : to be entering his tenth year, annum aetatis decimum in- gredi : to have entered his tenth year, annum aetatis decimum agere : to e. into life, introire vitam ; in vitam ingredi : into public life, ad rempublicam acce- dere; rempublicam capessere: to e. upon an office, munus inire, ingredi, capessere, suscipere: to e. the service, militiam capessere : to e. into a treaty with aby, fcedus inire cum qo; fcedus facere, inire, percutere cum qo ; fcedus jungere cum qo : to e. into an alliance or partnership with aby, cum qo societatem coire (cs rei or de qa re, or in qd faciendum). To e. into conversation with aby, sermonem instituere cum qo ; dare se in sermonem cs {not cum qo) ; colloqui cum qo (colloquium mly implies a particular purpose, like ' col- loquy '). Before I e. upon this part of my subject, prius- quam ingrediar hanc partem (Q.). — 1| a) Enter by marching ; to e. a country, terrain intrare; in ter- rain procedere {of the soldiers) ; cum exercitu (copiis) in terram ingredi, or terram invadere ; ducere or in- troducere exercitum in fines cs populi ; exercitum in qm agrum inducere (of the general) : as the troops entered the gates, legiones quum intravere por- tas. — || /3) Enter by being carried in, inv&hi. To e. a port, in portum invehi; in portum deferri; portum capere; in portum pervenire, pervehi. || Pe- netrate into, penetrare. invadere. influere. seinfun- dere, infundi. se insinuare: to e. aby's body, in cs cor- pus descendere : the sword entered his bowels, ferrum in ilia descendit: this word entered deep into his mind, hoc verbum in pectus ejus alte descendit: the fear of the gods e.'s deep into men's minds, metus deorum descendit ad animos. || Enter into {the meaning of) athg, capere or percipere qd, with or without animo or mente ; percipere et cognoscere (g. t.). — accipere (of a scholar); assequi. — To e. into athg quickly, qd celeriter percipere (Q.); qd arripere. || To enter (set down) in a book, referre qd in qd (e. g. in commentarios, in album). To e. a debt, nomen reddere or referre in codicem; in rationibus qd inducere (C. Earn. 3, 10, 6; also, in rationem inducere, to bring it to account ; C. Verr 2, 1, 41) : to e. a sum received, acceptum or in ac- ceptum referre qd : to e. as paid to aby, qd expensum ferre ci: to e. receipts and disbursements, expensa et accepta referre : to e. what I have given away, expen- sum muneribus ferre. To be entered at the university, *civitati academicae, or in civitatem academicam, ascribi ; *in numerum civium academicorum ascisci. — || To cause to be written down; to e. one's name, nomen dare or edere (e. g. to serve in the army, or in the fleet, in classem). — (nomen) profited apud qm. || To enter (=join oneself to) an al- liance, %c, accedere ad societatem. — se applicare ad societatem. ENTERPRISE, opus {as great action).— facinus (an important action, whether for good or for evil). — peri- culum (dangerous attempt). An important e., facinus magnum or insigne; opus magnum, esply in the pi.: important or noble e.'s, illustria facta ; ampla? res ges- tae ; magna facinora. ENTERPRISER, qui tentat ac periclitatur fortu- nam. — *magnarum rerum molitor. ENTERPRISING, experiens (ivho ventures some- thing, s. Stroth. L. 6, 34). — promptus (ready, prompt). — strenuus (resolute, going vigorously to work, and carrying it through). — audens. confidens (bold). — acer (full of energy). Jn. acer et experiens. — temerarius atque audax (rash). Ane. merchant, mercator strenuus studiosusque rei quaerendae. ENTERTAIN, \\ As a host, hospitio accipere, excipere, recipere (ace. and exc, to e. friends; recip., to e. those who need assistance). — convivio excipere. hospitaliter invitare (to e. at table) : to e. sumptuously, apparatis epulis accipere, excipere, invitare. To e. (guests) with athg, pascere qm qa re (e. g. olusculis, C'.); apponere ci qd (serve it up to him). \\ Amuse, oblectare. delectare [Syn. in Amuse]. To be enter- tained, oblectari qa re ; oblectari etduciqare; delec- tatione cs rei duci ; voluptatem ex qa. re capere, perci- pere, habere. To e. oneself with athg, se oblectare qa re; se delectare qa re : delectari qa re. || To amuse with conversation, loqui cumqo; confabulari or sermones familiares conferre cum qo; habere sermo- nem cum qo de qa re (to hold a discourse about athg with aby) : to e. oneself very agreeably with aby, jucun- X2 ENT dissime loqui cum qo. || To keep in one's ser- vice, habere (to have). — alere (to support, to feed). — rnercede conducere (to hire). — pascere (to feed, espty slaves). || To receive athg into the mind; to e. hatred agst dbtj, odium habere or odio ferri in qm; (in affection for aby, amorem erga qm habere; in amore habere, or amore prosequi qm ; hope, sperare, spem habere : / e. hopes that, spes me tenet, &c. ; a doubt, dubitare; a suspicion, suspicionem habere, suspicari ; a wish, optare ; est in optatis or votis (both icit/i inf.); an opinion, see Opinion. ENTERTAINER, || Giver of a banquet, do- miitus ccenae or tpuli. — convivator (less common). BggTccenae praebitor is not Lat. — conditor instruc- torque convivii occurs in Auct. Orat. p. red. in Senat. (J, 15. || For the other meanings, Orel, with verbs. ENTERTAINING, jucundus (a. t. agreeable; of persons or things, a discourse, an author, fyc). — ju- cundus et delectationi natus (of persons, e. g. an author, Q.). See Diverting. ENTERTAININGLY, jucunde (e.g. narrare). ENTERTAINMENT, || Amusement, delectatio. oblectatio (amusement). — oblectanientum (what serves for amusement, 8?c.). || Conversation, sermo. ser- mones. — confabulatio. sermones familiares (confi- dential talk). || Hospitable reception, hospitium: Mud e., *liberalitas (comitas, humanitas), qua qs exci- pitur or accipitur. To find hospitable or good e., liberaliter haberi ; hospitaliter excipi or invitari ; be- nigne excipi a qo. ' A house of e.,' see Inn, Tavern. || An e. = a banquet, convivium. epulum. epulse. ccena. daps [Syn. in Banquet] : to prepare an e., ccenam parare, instruere ; convivium instruere, appa- rare, comparare, ornare, exornare: to give an e. to aby, ccenam or epulum ci dare : to be giving an e., convivium habere, agere [See Banquet]. || Pay- ment, pay (obsol.) vid. || Support, victus. ali- menta. ENTHRONE, deferre ci regnum ac diadema (iff.); summam rerum deferre ad qm (of making him a sove- reign), jubere qm in solio sedere ornatu regali. de- ferre ad qm regnum or regiam potestatem. *regiae potestatis insignibus ornare. *insignibus regiis ornare. To be enthroned, sedere in solio (to be sitting on a throne).— regnare ccepisse (to ascend the throne, fig.). Athg was enthroned on aby's brow, in cs vultu qd residebat. ENTHRONEMENT, Crcl. or principium regni.— primordia regni. — introitus regni (aft. introitus sacer- dotii, Suet.). ENTHUSIASM, inflammatio animi (animorum); divina mentis incitatio et permotio. ardor animi. animi alacritas (C): mens incitata. aestus or fervor ingenii. ccelestis quidam mentis instinctus. To be filled with e., insurgere; spiritu divino tangi; divino quodam spiritu inflari; divino instinctu concitari : youthful e., ardor juvenilis. (C. uses enthusiasmus in Greek cha- racters). ENTHUSIAST, divino spiritu tactus; divino in- stinctu concitatus; mente incitatus. \\Fanatic, homo fanaticus. ENTHUSIASTIC, fanaticus. || Ardent, vehe- 7n ent, fyc, calidus. ardens. vehemens. fervidus. An e. temper, ingenium ardens or fervidum. ENTHUSIASTICALLY, fanatice. — instinctu quo- dam divino. — divino quodam spiritu (inflatus). j| A r- dently, ardenter. ferventer. acriter. cupide. To praise aby e., qm omni laude cumulare ; efferre qm summis laudibus ad ccelum. ENTHYMEME, enthymema (C. and Q.). ENTICE, aliicere. allectare. allectare et invitare. prolectare ; to athg, ad qd (g. tt.). illicere, pellicere; to athg, in qd. illecebris trahere. — inescare (to catch by a bait). — inducere (to draw over to athg) ; by athg, qa re (e.g. promissis) : toe. to oneself, aliicere; by athg, qa re. To e. the enemy out of their walls, hostem extra muros elicere ; out of their marshes and woods, hostem ex paludibus silvisque elicere: to e. aby to fight, ad pugnam or in prcelium qm elicere (T.) ; in prcelium qm produeere (Np.). To e. aby to athg, inducere qm in qd ; qm elicere in qd (the latter to e. out of a place) : athg e.'s me, ducor qa re. ENTICEMENT, allectatio (Q.): (as thing), invita- mentum. incitamentum. lenocinium. E.'s, illecebrae. blandimenta. ENTICER, allector (Col.).— illex (prop, a bird used to decoy others; then fig. a tempter, ensnarer, fyc, Plaut. Appul.). ENTICING, alliciens. pelliciens.— blandus. dulcis. ENTICINGLY, blande. 1 (308) ENT ENTIRE, solidus (forming one unbroken mass; e. g. usura, gaudium, libertas; dies, H.). — integer (in Its original state, unmutilated ; opp. truncus, lassus ; e. g. a manuscript, codex). Jn. solidus atque integer. — plenus (full, having no empty space ; e. g. numerus). — totus (whole ; opp. to the several parts). — totus in- teger (Gcll. sine earn totam integram esse matrem filii sui ; i.e. without calling in a wet-nurse). The his- torical books of Livy have not come down e., *Livii historiae non integrae ad nos pervenerunt. || Perfect, absolutus. perfectus. Jn. absolutus et perfectus ; per- fectus atque absolutus ; perfectus expletusque ; exple- tus et perfectus ; perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris et partibus; absolutus omnibus numeris. An e. horse, see Stallion. ENTIRELY, plane, omnino. prorsus (quite, vid.). — plene. integre. absolute, perfecte (completely, per- fectly). — in omnes partes, per omnia (in every respect). That is e. false, falsum id est totum : I am e. yours, totus sum tuus : / am e. devoted to you, totus tibi sum deditus : he is e. made up of deceit and lies, totus ex fraude et mendaciis constat. See Quite. ENTIRENESS, plenitudo (Auct. ad Her. 4, 20, 28). integritas. — absolutio (the finishing athg off as a whole). ENTITLE, inscribere (a writing, book, fyc.).— appel- lare (to e. a man) : the book is entitled, liber inscriptus est; liber inscribitur (the former, when an author speaks of his own works, but sts when works of another author are quoted, cf. C. de Or. 2, 14,61. Divin. 2, 1, 1, and 2, 54, init. ; Suet. Cces. 55 : the latter, nf the works, esply the small works, of another author. C. Off. 2, 9, 31 [alio libro — qui inscribitur, Laelius] seems to make agst this; but cf. Gernhard, Beier, $c). || Confer a claim, jus or potestatem qd faciendi dare ; to athg, jus, copiam, potestatem cs rei ci dare or facere. To be entitled, jus or potestatem, or jus potestatemque habere ; to do athg, qd faciendi ; copia, potestas, fas mini est cs rei : / am entitled to do this, hoc ad meum olficium pertinet : i" am not entitled to do this, non meum est; ha>c res nihil ad meum officium pertinet: to believe oneself entitled, *sibi jus datum, or potesta- tem datam putare : not to think myself entitled, non fas esse ducere. ^^ Sts 'to be entitled' may be trans- lated by possum, or licet mihi, qd facere ; or dignus sum, or dignum me puto, qui &c : / am entitled to aspire to the highest honours, *ad amplissimos honores aspirare possum : he who obeys well, will hereafter be entitled to command, qui modeste paret, videtur, qui aliquando imperet, dignus esse. No one is entitled to this name, but he vjho #c, quo nomine nemo dignus est, nisi qui &c. ENTITY. See Ens. ENT01L. See Ensnare. ENTOMB, humare. humo tegere. terni, humo con- tegere (bury in the earth). — in sepulcro condere ; ossa cs tumulo contegere; corpus cs tumulo inferre (T.); corpus terrae reddere. ENT RAIL (obsol.). See Interweave. ENTRAILS, viscera (all the parts of the body be- neath the skin, except the bones ; i. e. lungs, liver, heart, stomach, guts). — exta (the better portions of the e.'s, e. g. the heart, lungs, %c, wch were inspected by the soothsayers after a sacrifice). — intestina (e.'s, guts) — ilia, for ' e.'s,' is poet, (ilia inter coxas pubemque imo ventre posita sunt, Cels.). The e.'s of the earth, terrae viscera. ENTRANCE, || Action of entering, ingressio. ingressus. introYtus (also fig. of entering into an office, fyc, introitus sacerdotii). — aditus (the going up to). To refuse e. to aby, qm introitu prohibere. E. into the forum, ingressio fori: to make a public e., triumphan- tem urbem inire, or in urbem invehi, or (according to our notions) *sollemni pompa, stipatum comitibus, urbem ingredi, intrare, or in urbem introire : to make a public e. on horseback, introire vehentetn equo (Gell.). —Aby's e. into the city, cs introitus in urbem (C.).— || Impropr.) To find an e. (i. e. into the mind), accipi, probari (find acceptance) : to find e. into aby's mind, movere qm or cs animum (to affect by one's represen- tations); in cs pectus descendere. aequis auribus accipi : to find no e., non audiri. || Passage by wch a place is entered, introYtus (e. g. portus). — aditus. accessus (approach). — limen (threshold). — fauces (nar- row e.). — ostium (propr. door as opening; then any e., e. g. of a harbour, mouth of a river, fyc). Jn. introitus atque ostium (e.g. portus).— janua (house-door). The e. into a prison, ostium limenque carceris : at the e. (of a house), in limine or ad limen aedium. All /he e.'s were closed, omnes introitus erant praeclusi (Cces.). || Opening of a speech, Sfc , introitus. ingressio. ENT ingressus. exordium, prolbgus. prccemium. See Ex- ordium. ENTRANCE-MONEY, *quod ab accedentibus solvi solet or debet. [Kraft says, prps pecunia aditialis. See Obs. in Inaugukal.] ENTRAP, irretire. laqueis irretire, with athg, qa re or laqueis cs rei. qm capere or devincire : to have entrapped aby, qm irretitum tenere : to be entrapped, in laqueos se induere; in laqueos cadeie or inctdere (fall into a trap, propr. and fig.). To try to e. aby, laqueos ponere or disponere ci (propr. and fig.); insi- dias ci facere or parare. ENTREAT, rogare (g. t. for asking, qm qd). — orare (to beg loudly and earnestly, pray, qm qd). — petere (to try to get by asking, more with ref. to the object; rog. to the person; hence petere qd a qo). — quaeso (I beseech you, denoting an earnest request wch claims a kind consent). — obsecrare (to beg by all that is sacred; conjure). — obtestari (to conjure, calling upon the gods as witnesses).— supplicare (to beg on bended knees, ci pro re). — deprecari (to pray earnestly; qd, e.g. pacera; also followed by ut or ne; also qd a qo; multorum vitam a qo, C. ; also ' to beg off'). — implo- rare (to e. with tears, qm; for athg, qd). — precious exposcere qd (e. g. pacem). — omnibus precibus orare et obtestari. omnibus (or infimis) precibus petere (to beg with earnest prayers, fyc.) — petere, postulare, sup- pliciter; aby for athg, qd a qo. — orare qm supplicibus verbis ; orare or rogare qm suppliciter (all of implor- ing humbly as a suppliant). Jn. rogare atque orare ; petere et contendere ; orare et obtestari ; orare obtestari- que ; orare atque obsecrare ; implorare atque obtestari ; precari atque orare ; petere ac deprecari. B§gp° To e. aby to do athg, rogare, orare, &c, ut faciat. To e. aby earnestly, nay, almost with tears, omnibus precibus, paene lacrimis etiam obsecrare qm : to e. aby with the utmost possible earnestness, qm ita rogare, ut majore studio rogare non possim : to e. aby for aby, deprecari pro qo ; deprecatorem se praebere pro cs periculo : to e. for the life of a criminal, petere vitam nocenti. To e. the gods, precari a diis ; precatione uti ; preca- tionem ad deos facere (pray to them). Sggp°' / e. you,' inserted parenthetically, quaeso, oro, obsecro (also in- serted parenthetically). To allow oneself to be en- treated (i. e. successfully), precibus cs qd dare ; a se qd impetrari pati. || Treat, vid. || Prevail with, vid. ENTREATY, preces. rogatus or rogatio. obsecratio. obtestatio. precatio. deprecatio [Syn. in Entreat]. Humble e.'s, humilis deprecatio : e. for pardon on account of athg, deprecatio cs facti. Ataby's e., cs ro- gatu; qo rogante; a qo rogatus. Compelled by your earnest e.'s, coactus tuis assiduis vocibus: by earnest e.'s, precando ; precario. ENTRE'E, prps prima admissio (aft. Sen. de Ben. 33, qui in primas et secundas admissiones dige- runtur); or introitus liminis cs (aft. Sen. de Ben., est proprium superbiae magno aestimare introitum ac tactum sui liminis) ; or by Crcl. with prior pono gra- dum intra domum (ibid). To have the right of e., ♦primae admissionis esse. ENTREMETS, opsonium (opp. panis) is perhaps the nearest word. ENTRUST, permittere. committere (the commit- tens acts in good trust in the power or will of another, whereby he imposes on him a moral responsibility : the permittens acts to get rid of the business himself, whereby he imposes at most only a political or legal responsi- bility. Bod.). — credere, concredere (very rare in ft, never in Q.., common in Com.).— commendare et concre- dere.— mandare, demandare ci qd. — qd rejicere ad qm. — qd ci delegare (of what one ought otherwise to do one- self) — deponere qd apud qm (to give athg to aby in trust). To e athg to the faith of aby, fidei cs qd commit- tere or permittere ; tradere in cs ndem qd. To e. aby with the care of my purse, concredere ci marsupium cum argento (Plaul.) : with the care of a treasure, the- saurum ci concredere (C.) : with the care of one's safety, life, salutem committere ci; caput permittere ci (Curt. ); vitam credere ci (Ter.); vitam (ac fortunas suas) cre- dere ci (Lucil. ap. Non.): aby with the care of one's b>y, cs curse puerum demandare (L.) : aby with a task, munus mandare or dare ci : with the management of a great and difficult affair, rem magnam atque difii- cilem committere ci (C.) : with the management, direc- tion, Sfc, of athg, ci rei praeficere qm : with the defence of a city, *ci urbem tuendam dare: to e. aby with the whole management of a business, totam rem ad qm rejicere: to e. one's plans to aby, consilia sua ci cre- dere : one's secrets, occulta sua ci credere : to e. one's (309) ENV honour to aby, existimationem suam committere ci. Entrusted (to aby' s care), creditus, concreditus, commissus, ci commissus ac commendatus ; credi- tus et commissus ci. — (if only for a time), fiduciarius (e. g. opera fiduciaria, Cces.Herz. B. C. 2, 17). — deposi- tum (thing deposited). ENTRY, aditus (approach). — introitus (entrance; also fig. e. into an office; e.g. introitus sacerdotii). — ingressio. ingressus (act of entering). — transitio pervia (passage, through houses, fyc). \\ Name, remark, fyc, entered in a book, professio (the public enter- ing of one's name, L., or property, C); but mly by Crcl. with nomen(qd, &c.)intabulas or codicemreferre. Sts nomen will do for e.'s in a debt-book. Have you made regular e.'s of your other debts in your ledger ? utrum cetera nomina in codicem accepti et expensi digesta habes? (C): to make an e. of a debt in a day- book or ledger, nomen in adversaria (day-book), or in codicem accepti et expensi referre. There is no e. of that, id nusquam est (C): there is no e. even of that, ne id quidem scriptum est (C. pro Bom. 20, init.). ENTWINE, circumplicare circum qd. To be en- twined round athg, or to e. athg, circumplicare qd; circumvolvi or se circumvolvere ci rei : to e. with athg, redimire qa re (bind with ribbons, garlands, fyc). — circumvolvere qd qa re. circumplicare qd circum qd (twist it round, e. g. lorum circum qd). ENUCLEATE, enucleare (C). explicare. enodare : a notion, complicatam notionem evolvere. ENUMERATE, numerare. — dinumerare (distinctly and carefully). — enumerare (in order ; also reasons). — annumerare (count out to a person). To e. aby's numerous faults, multa vitia in qm colligere. ENVELOPE, involvere; with athg, in qa re. — ami- cire qa re (e. g. charta, H). — circumvolvere qd qa re. velare. tegere. To e. a fault in fair words, vitium obvolvere verbis decoris (H.). ENVENOM, venenis tingere (e. g. tela, Plin.). — veneno imbuere (S. Cat. 11, 3).— quasi venenis malis imbuere (aft. ea [avaritia] quasi venenis malis im- buta). ENVIABLE, dignus, cui invideatur. — invidendus (\H.). Sts fortunatus. beatus. ENVIER, invidens or invidus. — lividus. obtrectator. malignus [Syn. in Envy]. Obs. fern, invida, &c, obtrectatrix. ENVIOUS, invidus. invidens.— lividus. alienis in- crementis inimicus. — malignus [see Envy, s.]. To be e.; invidere. livere ; of aby, ci invidere ; of athg, qd invidere [see Envy, v.] ; cs incrementis esse inimi- cum : people are e. of me, invidetur mihi (ego invideor, only H.) ; in invidia sum. ENVIOUSLY, cum invidia ( g§p° not invidiose).— maligne. ENVIRON. See Surround. ENVIRONS, loca, quae circumjacent. The e. of a place, quae loco circumjacent; quae circa locum sunt: qui (quae, quod) circa est : the e. of a town, loca urbem ambientia ; urbi propinqua loca : the e. of the town are very beautiful, urbs in regione amcenissima sita est: in the e. of, circa or circum quod : living in the e. of, qui circa habitant. ENVOY, legatus (ambassador). — nuncius (mes- senger). See Ambassador. ENVY, v. invidere ci. To e. aby a little, subin- videre ci qd (H. Sat. 1, 6, 49, invidere ci honorem), but mly invideo ci rei cs ; e. g. L. 38, 47, nullius equidem invideo honori, as in Engl. ' I e. no man's honour.' — invideo ci cs rei is a Greek construction, H. Sat. 2, 6, 83. — invideo ci qa re is post-Class., Q. 9, 3, 1 : in qa tibi invideo, quod, C. Place. 29, 76, is to be explained, 'in qa re tibi hoc invideo, quod.') I am envied, invidetur mihi (invideor only, H. A. P. 5G) ; in invidia sum; invidiae sum; invidia premor ; ex invidia laboro: to be envied by every body, ab omnibus ventis invidiae circumflari. To cause aby to be envied, ci invidiam facere, confiare or excitare (both of persons and things). To cause aby to be envied by athg, qa re vocare qm in invidiam. ENVY, s. invidia (denotes looking askance, as a sign that a man grudges something to another, fm moral <>r immoral motives, not always, though pre-eminently fm self-love, like inroiLia. It denotes e., either actively or passively). — livor (the self-tormenting e., wch poisons the whole soul, and deprives the body itself of its fresh healthy colour). — invidentia (a new term of Cicero's for the e. wch a man harbours). As he met with no followers, nor even used the term commonly himself, it should be avoided. — malignitas (as an habitual qua- lity and disposition, in opp. to goodness of heart). — EPA obtrectatio (f*)\o-n/7r*a, e. showing itself in action, by trying to injure the person envied, esply by running him down, §c). Jn. obtrectatio invidiaque ; obtrectatio et livor; livor atque malign itas ; malignitas et livor. From e., propter invidiam ; invidia; invidia incensus. To be an object of e., invidiam habere ; in invidiam venire; in invidia esse {of persons and things): to excite aby's e., ci esse invidiae (of persons). EPACT, epactae (eiraKrai h^oai, Jsid. 6, 17, exlr.). EPAULET, prps humerale (though this was some covering of the shoulder, Paul. Dig. 49, 14, 16). EPHEMERAL, unius diei.— quod unum tantum diem vivit. EPHEMERIS, ephemeris (C.andNp.). EPIC, epicus.— herous. heroicus (e. g. verse, poetry, 8fc). An e. poet, poeta epicus. E. poets, epici. EPICUREAN, Epicureus. || Impropr.) Epicureus. luxuriosus. delicatus. An e., Epicureus (propr. and impropr.). — qui cum Epicuro sentit or facit. — homo delicatus or luxuriosus. homo voluptarius ; or qui omnia voluptate metitur, or ad voluptatem refert. EPIDEMIC, qui (quae, quod) vulgo ingruit. An e., ♦morbus epidemicus (as med. t. t.); "morbus late va- gans. pestilentia. [See Pestilence] EPIDERMIS, epidermis (t. t.). EPIGRAM, epigramma, -atis. EPIGRAMMATIC, epigrammaticus. EPIGRAMMATICALLY, inmodum epigrammatis. — acute. EPIGRAMMATIST, qui epigrammata scribit.— epigrammatarius (Vopisc. Florian. 3; Saturn. 7.) EPILEPSY, morbus comitialis.— vitium comitiale. — epilepsia (late). To have a fit of e., morbo comitiali corripi. morbus major (Cels. 3, 23) ; morbus caducus (Appul. ; JSmil. Mac. ; Isid.) ; morbus sacer (Ccel. Aurel. Tard.); valetudo major (Just.). EPILEPTIC, *epilepticus. — A person subject to e. fits, homo caducus (Firm. Math. 3, 6, No. 8). — *morbo comitiali tentatus, vexatus. To have an e. fit, morbo comitiali corripi. EPILOGUE (End of a speech), conclusio. "perora- tio. epilbgus (C). EPIPHANY, feriarum dies, quem celebrantes mense Januario Christiani Epiphania dictitant (Am- mian. 21, 2). EPISCOPAL, episcopalis (Eccl.). EPISCOPATE, episcopates (Eccl.). EPISODE, embblium (C. ad Qu. Fr. 3, 1, extr. in Greek characters; but Lat. C. Sext. 54). — excursus or digressus or digressio (s. Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 43; Q. 10, 1, 49) ; that you would separate this e. of my consulship fm your continuous history, ut a continentibus scrip- tis, in quibus perpetuam rerum gestarum historiam complecteris, secernashanc quasi fabulam rerum eventorumque meorum. To introduce athg as an e. in a speech, qd includere or inserere orationi suae. EPISTLE, epistola [see Letter]. || ' The Epistle' (in the Liturgy), *lectio epistolica. EPISTOLARY, mly by gen. epistolarum (epistoli- cus, Gell. ; epistolaris, Aug.). E. correspondence, com- mercium epistolarum. literae remittendae atque acci- piendae. literaruin sermo. An active e. correspond- ence, literarum crebritas. literarum frequentia. To have an e. correspondence with aby, *epistolarum commercium habere cum qo; colloqui cum qo per literas. EPITAPH, carmen or elogium in sepulcro incisum. — versus (e. g. senarii) in sepulcro incisi (J^gjfTno/ epi- taphium). EPITHALAMIUM, carmen nuptiale. — epithala- mium (Q. ; Treb. Poll.; mly sung in chorus before the bride- chamber, thalamus ; whereas the hymenaeus was sung as the bride was conducted to her future home). EPITHET, appositum.— epith£ton (t. t., Q.). EPITOME, epitome. — summarium ; and (later) breviarium (in Seneca's time). EPITOMIZE, qd in angustum, or in epitomen, cogere. — ll^HT epitomare (very late). EP1TOMIZER, qui qd in angustum cogit or in epi- tomen cogit. The e. of a voluminous work, qui auc- torem per multa volumina diffusum epitome circum- scribit. EPITRITE, epitrttus (pes), Gramm. EPOCH, aera(/a*e Lat. t. t. Isid. 5, 36).— *epocha (as t. t.). — Sis tempus, aetas, may serve. EPOPEE, carmen epicum. poema epicum. EPULATION, epulatio (Col.). See Banquet. EQUABILITY, aequabilitas (C). EQUABLE, aequabilis. EQUABLY, aequabiliter. (310) EQU EQUAL, s. An e., par (opp. superior or inferior). EQUAL, aequus (of persons and things that are equally balanced ; also having the component parts alike, opp. varius, C. Verr. 5, 49).— par (like some other thing, and composed of the same material with it; opp. superior and inferior. In aequo marte is where the battle between two parties is considered as a whole ; in pari marte is where the fortune of one party is set agst that of the other. It denotes similarity with respect to magnitude, power, and value ; or equality and proportion with regard to number, like iVor).— aequalis (e. in inte- rior qualities, age, rank, worth, like op.otos). — parilis (nearly like, as a middle step between par and siniilis). — compar (mutually e.). Sis similis, idem, geminus, as in par est avaritia, similis iniprobitas, eadem impudentia, gemina audacia. — Jn aequus et par; aequalis et par; par et aequalis; par et similis ; par at- que idem; par atque unus. E. intervals, intervalla aequalia (absolutely e.), intervalla paria (proportion- ately e. ; standing in the same proportion to each other ; Hirt. B. Afr. 59 ; Cces. B. G. 1, 51 ; 7, 23). E. to one another, inter se aequales. Not Essentia, according to Sen^ was used by C. as translation of .olxria, but it is not found in his extant works ; Quintil. says, ovaiav quam Plant, [al. Flavius) essentiam vocat ; neque sane aliud est ejus nomen Latinum ; he adds, of ens, essentia : ' quae cur tanto- (313) EST pere aspernentur, nihil video, nisi quod iniqui judices adversus nos sumus')- — (ipsa) substantia (post-Aug. ; ipsa subst. Q. ; reality, opp. opinio, Paul. JCtf.).— gSgT The best writers mly translate ' essence' by ipse or verus : the e. of friendship consists in this, vera amicitia in eo versatur; vis amicitiae in eo est: to look to thee, of atkg, rem ipsam spectare : to belong to the e. of athg, cs rei proprium esse. — $§p° Q- has rei substantiae con- venire, to agree with its nature. || Essential oil, *essentia (t.t.). — *liquor tenuissimus. — *flos succi (Bau.).—\\ Odour, vid. ESSENTIAL, proprius. in cs rei natura positus. ad rem ipsam or ad rei naturam pertinens. cum re ipsa or cum rei natura conjunctus (belonging to the essence or nature of athg). — necessarius (necessary).— gravissi- mus. magni momenti (very important). The e. point, caput rei ( ^^° cardo rei in silv. age) ; quod maxime rem causamque continet (C): an e. circumstance or point, res gravissima or magni momenti : an e. cause, prima or praecipua causa : only one point appears to be e., una res videtur continere causam (C). : an e. con- dition, prima conditio : an e. difference, discrimen in ipsa rei naturS positum or ad ipsam rem, or ad rei na- turam pertinens : all states are alike in all e. points, eadem omnium civitatum est natura. Not e. ; see Unessential. — gUTsubstantialis (e.g. differentia, Tertull.) belongs to Eccl. Lat. — || Essential oils, *essentialia, quae vocantur, olei genera (as t. t.). ESSENTIALLY, vere. praecipue. imprimis; "na- tura propria et vi. — genere (in kind) or non gradu sed genere (aft. non genere sed gradu, de opt. gen. Or. § 4) : to be e. different, genere differre ; ipsa rei natura diver- sum esse. ESTABLISH, statuere (to fix firmly; of institutions, laws, 8fc, jus, jura; omnes partes religionis). — consti- tuere (e. g. oppidum ; decemviralem potestatem in ur- bibus ; reges in civitate ; imperium ; res ; partes rei- publicae. Also =' to establish by proof,' e. g. const, bona non esse possessa, C). — efficere (to make out a point; e. g. efficere, animos esse mortales).— firmare, confirmare (to make lasting; an empire, dominion, %c). — stabilire (to give duration or support to; liberty, domi- nion, fyc). — fundare (to ground, lay the foundation of; the safety of the state, one's power, liberty, dominion, fyc). — munire (to render safe agst external attacks; one's in- fluence, dominion). — conglutinare (to glue, as it were, together; i. e. to connect or unite more firmly ; friendship, a contract). To e. one in his opinions, animum cs con- firmare: to e. by proofs, argumentis confirmare; pro- bare : to e. oneself any where, certam sedem ac domi- cilium collocare qo loco; domicilium sibi constituere qo loco (to take up one's residence any where; e. g Magnesias) ; concedere qo habitatum (e. g. Argos, Np\ ; e. g. of an exile quitting his country to reside elsewhere). qo loco considere ; locum capere ac praesidium ponere, constituere in qo loco (to take up a post, of soldiers) ; aciem, legiones, &c. constituere qo loco (of the general). — S^5P° Justin has statuere sedes alicubi. To e. oneself as a merchant, *mercaturam instituere : to have one's heart established, *immotum stare; also qam firmitu- dinem animi obtinere (Plant.): animum suum or se confirmasse. The established Church, *ea ecclesiae forma, quae est a republica sanctissime constituta. — cultus deorum ab omnibus fere civibus susceptus (when that assertion is true ; aft. C. Legg. 1, 23, 60). ESTABLISHER, conditor.— conciliator (e. g. pacis). firmator (post-Aug.; pacis).— fundator (e.g. urbis Prae- nestinae, V.). See Founder. ESTABLISHMENT, constitutio (e. g. of religious rites, religionum, C. ; potestatis, Q.). — confirmatio (e. g. perpetuae libertatis ; also of establishing a point by arguments). — conciliatio (of establishing by manage- ment of parties, $c; e. g. gratiae).— descriptio (e. by rules, regulating the powers, sphere of action, fyc. ; e. g. civitatis, magistratuum). — ordinatio (act of ordering, regulating; e. g. comitiorum, Veil). The e. of the court of Areopagus is due to Solon, a Solone constilutus est Areopagus (C). || An establishment, institu- tum; a) = School, vid. ft) House with body of servants, $c, familia. — domus (whole household). To keep a large, a moderate, fyc. e., uti familia optima, mediocri, &c. (Np. Att. 23, 3; but with ref. to Rom. manners) : to have a splendid e. (*. e. house, fyc), in primis bene habitare omnibusque optimis rebus uti (Np. Alt. 13, 1). || Ratification, confirmation, vid. ESTAFETTE, «cursor unica veredi cursura iter conficiens (veredus = a courier's horse ; Cod. Just.). — eques citatus. eques citus. To summon aby by an e., properis Uteris accire qm (T.). EST ESTATE, II State, vid. || Condition, rank, vid. || Landed property ; usually with a real e., praedium {sts the house on the e.). — villa (a country-house ; sts the e.). — fundus {the real e. ; usually with a country- house ; villa is an architectural, fund, an economical, prsed. a juridical term; Ddd.). An e. in the country, rusticum praedium. — ager. rus {propr. country, opp. town ; then melon, for ' estate in the country '). H^fT On the construction of rus, rure, in this sense, see Obs. in Farm, s. Estates, agri (fields, landed property); posses- sions (possessions, whether land or not). See Property. To lay out money in purchasing a landed e., pecuniam collocare in solo (Suet. Tib. 48) : an e. near a town, propinquum rus (Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 2). || The e.'s of the realm, *ordines imperii. || Man's estate, aetas pubes. — anni pubertatis (age of puberty); aetas con- stans, or constans, quae media dicitur; aetas adulta, firmata, confirmata, corroborata (age of full manly strength). To come to man's e., robustiorem fieri; se corroborare; pubertatem ingredi: when he was now come to man's e., quum is se jam corroboravisset, et vir inter viros esset (C. Ccel. 11, 6). ESTEEM, || Opinion, judgement, vid. || High value, reverential regard, aestimatio. observan- tia. existimatio (aestim. denotes the estimating, valuing, fyc. of alhg, or its relative value; and in aestimatione dignus, aestimatione qa. dignus [both. C. Fin. 8, 13], it approaches the meaning of 'high esteem;' but it should not be used generally, for the marks of e. exhibited to aby, wch is observantia [ = the being attentive to a per- son] ; nor for the e. in wch a person is held by others, wch is existimatio). — reverentia (reverential regard). dignatio (opinion; e. caused by desert; prps not prce- Aug.; a favorite word with T. and Suet.; in summa dignatione cs vivere, Just.). To possess or enjoy e., ci habetur honor, coli et observari : to be held in some e., esse in numero qo et honore. qm numerum obtinere : to be held in very great e. by aby, longe maximo honore esse apud qm : to have or feel e. for any one, magni facere (to value highly); vereri, revereri qm; qm colere, tribuereci cultum (internal respect, regard) ; observare, honorare qm ; reverentiam adhibere adversus qm or praestare ci (to show outward respect to any one) ; hence also, colere et observare qm : to show due e. for any one, qm prosequi, with or without observantia (outwardly, whether freely or by compulsion). A man held in no e., homo sine existimatione (C): the e. in wch you are held, existimatio tua: to be held in high e. and honour by the people, cum populo et in laude et in gratia esse. ESTEEM, v. a) a person) highly, magni (very highly, maximi) facere. — admirari, suspicere (to look up to; admir. with admiration; suspic, with a sense of one's own inferiority). — vereri. colere. vereri et colere (to ftel reverential, heart-felt respect). — qm revereri ; reveren- tiam adhibere adversus qm or praestare ci (to show reverential respect). — qm observare or observantia colere (g. t. to give outward proofs of one's respect). Jn. observare et colere ; colere et observare ; observare et diligere. — diligere carumque habere (of attachment): not to e. aby, qm nullo loco putare ; qm despicere or despectare. — ft) A thing) highly, magni or magno aes- timare ( jg^ not zestimave only) ; magni facere, habere, ducere, pendSre ; est honos ci rei apud me. — diligere (to like, S)-c, of persons and things ; athg in aby, qd in qo) : lightly, parvi facere, aestimare ; haud magni pende're ; not to e. athg at all, qd nullo loco numerare; aestimare nihilo, pro nihilo or nihil (Rams. § 109, Not. 1, d); pro nihilo ducere, putare ; nihili or non flocci facere ; despi- cere et pio nihilo putare ; contemnere et pro nihilo du- cere; it all one, juxta aestimare (S. Cat. 2, 8) : to e. things equally, or one thing or person as much as another, qd ci rei, or qm ci, in aequo or parem ponere ; qd ci rei par facere; qm cum qo eodem loco et numero habere : res pari atque eadem laude ponere; one more than another, unum or unam rem alteri praeponere, ante- ponere or (reversedly) postponere, posthabere. || Con- sider, deem, vid. To e. athg an honour, ducere qd gloriae ; to oneself, honori, gloriae sibi qd ducere ; a credit, qd ducere laudi or ponere in laude (C); a favour, ponere qd in beneficio (C. Earn. 15, 4, 12). I shall e. it a favour if you will, mihi gratissimum fece- ris, si &c, ESTIMABLE, || Valuable, aestimatione dignus or dignandus. — aestimandus. || Deserving esteem or regard, venerandus. venerabilis. honore dignus. ob- servantia dignus. — honestus. gravis.— bonus, promts, &c. (good). A very e. person, vir optimus existimatione omnium (of one universally consideredso ; H.) ; quovis honore dignus (Ter.). So e. aperson, homo ea existi- (314) ETH matione. — ggip" aestimabilis = • that is liable to be taxed;' aestimatio is properly 'valuation' (e. g. fru- menti, &c), but fm context in aestimatione dignus, aesti- mandus, &c, has the meaning of ' value' when applied to things; e. g. of wisdom, health; C. Fin. 3, 13, 43, 44. ESTIMATE, s. || Calculated expense of a work, pecuniae conspectus ad totum opus absolven- dum (Gell. 19, 10). —aestimatio (Vitr. prcef. 10).— rationes operis, antequam instituatur, expeditae (v. Vitr. prcef. lib. 10): to make an e , sumptus aedificii consum- mare (Vitr. 1, 1, 4). Let architects make a careful e., architecti diligenter modum impensarum ratiocinantes explicent (Vitr. ib.), or caute summaque diligentiii, antequam instituantur opera, eorum expediant rationes (ib.) : that men may get their houses completed for little more than the e. had prepared them to expect, ut ho- mines &c. ad id, quod praeparaverint, seu paulo am- plius adjicientes, aedificia expediant (i. e. for little more than what they have got ready to meet the expense with ; Vitr. ib.) : when the whole expense agrees exactly with the e , quum ad dictum impensa respondet ( Vitr. ib.) : every architect who contracts for the building of a public work, delivers in an e., architectus, quum publi- cum opus curandum recipit, pollicetur, quanto sumpm id futurum sit (Vitr. ib.): to give a copy of the e. to aby, aestimationem tradere ci (Vitr. ib.) : to add athg to the e., ad aestimationem adjicere qd (Vitr. ib.). \\ Cal- culation, judgement, opinion, ^c, vid. A just e. of his own powers (character, #c), aequa ac par sui aestimatio (Veil. 1, 97). ESTIMATE, v. || Value, vid. || Calculate, compute, vid. ESTIMATION, || Valuation, vid. Calcula- tion, vid. || Opinion, vid. || Esteem, vid. ESTIMATOR. See Valuer. ESTRADE, aequata planities (aft. aequata agri pla- sties, C. Verr. 2, 4, 48). ESTRANGE. See Alienate. ESTRANGEMENT. See Alienation. ESTUARY, aestuaiium.— adj&cens mari navigabile stagnum (Plin.). ETERNAL, perpetuus (relatively, with ref. to a de- finite end ; that of life, for example). — sempiternus (like atdiov, the everlasting, lasting as long as time itself). — aeternus (like a\wvioc). || Impartiality, vid. || Evenness of mind, temper, fyc, aequus animus, aequitas animi ( flSgl" aequanimitas, tin-Class.). (316) EVE — constantia (as the result of firmness of character). — animi tranquillitas. animus tranquillus (calm peace of mind). EVENT, res gesta. factum (deed). — exitus. eventus (differ nearly as our 'event' and ' result,' C. Invent. 1, 28, 42; eventus est cs exitus negotii; in quo quzeri solet, quid ex quaque re evenerit, eveniat, eventu- rumsit; hence also exitus eventusque ; eventus atque exitus). — finis (the end). — casus (an accident, accidental result; T. Hist. 1, 4, 1, casus eventusque rerum, qui plerumque fortuiti sunt). Disastrous e.'s, res adversae, miserae ; casus calamitosi, miseri : a tragical, shocking, #c. e., casus horribilis, tristis : an unexpected e., casus improvisus, inopinatus : varying e.'s, rerum vicissitu- dines. || In the event of, see 'if.' At all e.'s, certe. saltern. EVENTERATE, exenterare; eviscerare. EVENTFUL, Crcl. «ancipitesvariosque casus habens. — *propter ancipites variosque casus memorabilis. Sis by ille : / shall never forget that eventful night, when Ike, memini nee unquam obliviscar noctis ill i us, quum &c. (C.) Sen. has vita actuosa, but only of a restlessly active life. Sts eventful meajis filled with disastrous events ; as, an e. day, dies funestus, luctimsus (Plin. has decretorius dies, decisive, bringing about a deci- sion : fatalis dies is one that ivas fated to see the destruc- tion of a city, Ike.) : that was an e. day to me, illo die res miree evenerunt mihi. EVENTIDE, vespertina hora. — vespertinum tem- pus. See Evening. EVENTILATE, || Winnow, vid. || Discuss, vid. EVENTRATION, || Winnowing, vid. || Dis- cussion, vid. EVENTUAL, Crcl. with aliquando tandem. There is some hope of the e. restoration of this miserable man, spes est, et hunc miserum et infelicem aliquando tandem posse consistei e (C. ). To make e. provision for athg, consulere et prospicere, ut aliquando &c. EVENTUALLY, aliquando (at some time or other). — ad extremum ; ad extremum . . . denique (at last) : if athg of this sort should eventually happen, si quid hujus simile forte aliquando evenerit (Ter). EVER, || Always, semper (opp. numquam). — usque (always, within a definite limit: semp. represents time as a space; usque as a continuous tine, semper = omni tempore: usque = nullo tempore intermisso; continenter). — perpetuo (of uninterrupted continuance to the end of a space of time). || With superlatives ever is translated by quisque: ' the best things are e. the rarest,' optimum quidque rarissimum est : or thus; the best men are e. the last to suspect, ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime suspicatur, &c. (with ace. and infin.): or by compar., the happiest time e. seems the short- est, tanio brevius tempus, quo felicius est. \\ At any time, umquam (after negatives, in questions of appeal, that are virtually negative ; after quam in a compara- tive clause; after vix).— quando (aft. num, ne, si). — aliquando (' at some time,' of wider extent than quodam tempore, and not peculiar to dubitative and interro- gative forms like umq.uam : it may, however, stand in interrogations, quis civis meliorum partium aliquando? but here it does not mean 'who was ever,' but ' who was e. of better political principles than he was once?' It, however, sometimes stands like umquam, in the second member of a comparative sentence, magis oppor- tune opera nonnumquam, quam aliquando fideli: it may also stand with ullus : quaerere — ea num vel e Phi- lone vel ex ullo Academico audivisset aliquando, C. Acad. 4, 4, 11). — ecquando {in indignant questions, to express emotion, %c, ecquando te rationem lactorum tuorum redditurum putasti ? ecquando tu ... vidisti? ecquando ... isto fructu ... quisquam caruit?). If e., si quando; si quando umquam (L. 10, 14) ; si aliquando; si umquam (implying a doubt that there e. was) : if haply e., si forte aliquando : whether — e., num — ali- quando, num — umquam : whether ... e., if not, or unless, ecquando (or ecquandone) ... nisi or si non (C. Agrar. 2, 7, 17 ; de Fin. 5, 62, 63). Shall I e., if I now fyc, ecquando .... si nunc? (L. 5, 44, 2.) || For ever, see Eternally. || As implying unlimited magnitude; e. so, quantumvis. quamvis (e. g. quan- tumvis magnus, quamvis magnus); or, aft. some pro- nominal adjj. and advv. by the appended . . . -cumque (e. g., e. so great, quantuscumque ; e. so small, quan- tuluseiunyue. So ubicumque, &c). [Obs. The proper Engl, idiom in such phrases as, ' to ask never so much,' ' to charm never so wisely,' tkc, is neglected by many modern writers, who use ' ever' fm ignorance. See Webster's Diet.] With e. [never] so great an army, EVE quamvis magno exercitu. \\At all: 'not — ever the happier,' $c. See 'at all.' || As an intensive word after as [e. g. as soon as I can]. See Possibly. EVERGREEN, perpetuo virens (Plin.). — folia hieme non amittens ; qui (quae, quod) folia hieme non amittit {Varr. R. R. 1, 7). — semper viridis (tC. fm Boethus. Div. 1, 9, 15, semper viridis — lentiscus) To be an e., perpetuo virere (Plin. 16, 10, 14); folia hieme non amittere. EVERLASTING. See Eternal. || As subst., aeternitas. From e., ab infinito tempore; ex (omni) aeternitate (C .) : to e , in seternum. fil^ST Not in se- cula seculorum. — (%*jgr Lactant. has of the Deity, qui et fuerit a seculis et sit futurus in secula.) \\A plant so called, *aizoon (Linn.). — *antennaria (Brown: al. gnaphalium). EVERLASTINGLY. See Eternally. EVERMORE. See Always : for e., in seternum. EVERSION. See Overthrow, s. EVEttT. See Overthrow, v. EVERY, quisque, quaeque, quidque, and (used ad- jectively) quodque (every one that belongs to a certain number or whole; one as well as the other; hence ' all,' but considered individually). — quivis. qui- libet, with the two neut. forms quid- and quod-vis; quid- and quod-libet ; the quid- forms used substantively; the masc. and f em. have but one form (e. one = 'any one you please;' but quivis is subjective, referring the choice to the person addressed; quilibet, objective, referring' it to chance: any one that turns up, no matter wch). — om- nes, pi. (all; including therefore every individual com- posing the whole, but not considering them individually , but inclusively). — omnis (in sing, is also used for ' e.,' with a singular substantive ; it denotes that the substantive is to be taken as a whole, as the name of a class, so that what is said of it holds good of all the class; e. g. omnis de officio quaestio duplex est; this is true of every kind of discussion about points of mo- rality ; so omni officio satisfacere ci, i. e. by services of every kind). — Every single (one), unus quisque ; unus quivis; unus quilibet, or quilibet unus (this addition of the unus strength ens the individualizing power of the pronouns ; the distinctions, of course, remain the same). — Let e. man retain whatever he possesses, quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat. In the days of our ancestors the experienced were employed for this ser- vice, but now e. body, no matter who, apud majores adhibebatur peritus, nunc quilibet. E. body loves him- self, se quisque diligit. Pompey feared e. thing, that you might not fear atlig, timebat Pompeius omnia, ne aliquid vos timeretis. E. man of them (e. g. was killed), ad unum omnes, omnes ad unum. B§|F Sometimes ' every' is translated by nullus non, nemo non, as a more emphatic exclusion of all exceptions, and sometimes by quicumque ('any one whichsoever it be,' Agesilaus non destitit, quibuscumque rebus posset, patriam ju- vare). Before e. thing, omnium primum ; ante omnia. £SP° When ' every' refers to any numerical distribution, the distributive numerals are to be used; e.g. binae venationes per dies quinque, i. e. two e. day for five days ; so for e. day, month, year, singulis diebus, men- sibus, annis, &c. (but also quot diebus, mensibus, annis, &c.) Every hour, in singulas horas, or in horas only. For Every day, see below. || Every tenth man, decimus quisque: e. five years, quinto quoque anno ( jgjggr with the sing, and an ordinal num- ber). || Every day, quotidie. quot diebus. — nullo non die (more emphatically including all, by denying that there is any exception). — singulis diebus (on each day as it comes). — in (singulos) dies (fm day to day, fm one day to another, implying that there is a progressive increase or decrease of the things spoken about). — || Every thing = ' all in all,' omnia (e.g. filius ei omnia est, is every thing to him). EVERYBODY, quisque. unusquisque. quilibet. quivis (Syn. in Every). — omnes, cuncti (all, all toge- ther) ; also by an interrogation with quis est, qui &c. (e. g. would not every one believe? quis est qui non arbitretur?) Also by nemo non. ^"Nemo has not neminis or nemine, but nullius, nullo, are used : he is loved by e.-b., a nullo non diligitur. E.-b. who, qui- cumque (whosoever). EVERY DAY, adj. quotidianus (prop, and fig.).— vulgaris, tritus (usual). — obsoletus (become common). — Jn. usitatus et quotidianus; vulgaris et obsoletus; communis et vulgaris: an e.-d. thing, res pervagata et vulgaris. One's e.-d. clothes, vestis quotidiana : e.-d. life, quotidianae vitas consuetude For its adver- bial use, see Day. EVERY TIME, omni tempore. — semper. — num- (317) EVI quam non (when a verb follows). E.-l. that, quoties- cumque. EVERY WHERE, omnibus locis. — ubique (e.-w., wheresoever it be). — ubivis; ubicumque; ubicumque terrarum or gentium; ubicumque terrarum et gen- tium: fm e.-w., ex omnibus partibus, undique (fm all sides, places). — undelibet (whencesoever you please) : fm e.-w., whencesoever it be, undecumque : to e.-w., quo- que versus or versum ; in omnes partes : e.-w. about, per omnes partes, circum undique. EVERY WHIT. See Altogether, Quite. EVICT, evincere (legal t. t. for gaining possession by a legal decision; e.g. sive tota res evincatur, sive &c, Ulp. ; also in the sense of proving, H,— bos evincet amare, rare, poet.). See Prove, Esta- blish. EVICTION, evictio (Jurist. 1. 1. See Evict). EVIDENCE, v. testimonio esse. — planum facere (make it clear). See Prove. EVIDENCE, testimonium: oral e., testimonium vocis : to give e., testimonium dicere ; about athg, de qa re ; agst aby, in qm : to refute e., testimonium refel- lere : to be an e., testimonio esse : to give e. about athg, testimonium cs rei dare or reddere: to be or serve for an e. of athg, ci rei testimonium dare (of persons and things) ; cs rei esse testimonium (of things) : it may serve for an e. of it, that fyc, ejus rei esse testimonium, quod &c. ; rem esse testimonio,. quod &c. : to quote an e. for athg, testimonium cs rei proferre : to produce an e. of^ athg, cs rei testimonium afferre (e. g. laboris sui periculique, Cces., of a soldier who produced his shield) : to give an important e. in favour of aby, grave testimonium ci impertire [C.Fam. 5, 12, 7) : to confirm by e., testimonio confirmare qd: to give a false e., falsum testimonium dicere or prasbere. Circumstantial e., see Circumstantial, and add multa (plura or plu- riraa) signa concurrentia (aft. Auct. ad Herenn.), and: to convict aby on circumstantial e., argumentorum or testimoniorum, quae per se nihil reum aggravare vide- antur, congregatione cs factum convincere (aft. Q. 5, 7, 18): to hesitate and prevaricate in giving his e., titu- bare, inconstanter loqui (ad Herenn.). || To turn king's evidence, indicium profiteri (g. t.). — *de qa re, fide regia data indicare : to offer to turn king's e., dicere se de re indicaturum, si fides publica data esset (or sit, S. Cat. 48, 4). g§p= Testis (witness) is often used for 'evidence.' By what e. will you convict me? quo me teste convinces? I attach more weight to argu- ments than to e., apud me plus argumenta valent, quam testes. Things for wch we have the e. of our senses, quae sensibus percipiuntur ; quae omnem sibi fidem sensibus confirmant, id est, incorruptis atque integris testibus (C). — ^f' evidentia is used with perspicuitas byC. as a translation of the Greek evapyeta (lucid statement), = 'res — clare, atque ut cerni vide- antur, enuntiare.' EVIDENT, evidens. — perspicuus, apertus, mani- festus. — testatus (shown, as it were, by witnesses). — ■ notus, cognitus (known). — certus (certain). — planus (intelligible, plain). — clarus. lucidus. dilucidus. illus- tris (bright, lucid). It is e., est perspicuum, planum, evidens, manifestum ; apparet, in aperto est ; lucet ; liquet; perspicuum est omnibus. E. marks of crime, expressa sceleris vestigia: to make e., oculis subjicere; ante oculos ponere : he said that he would make it e., that, se planum facturum, &c. (inf.) EVIDENTLY, evidenter (L. e.g. evidenter pceni- tere, arguere, Macedonum partis esse). — manifesto or manifeste. aperte (openly). — dilucide (clearly). — palam (openly before the world). — oculorum judicio. To see e., plane, aperte, penitus, perspicue videre ( ggp° Not evidenter videre) : to be e. false, perspicue falsa esse (C"0- EVIL, adj. See Bad, Wicked. To look with an e. eye on athg, invidere qd ci. EVIL, s. malum (g. t.).— incommodum (unpleasant occurrence, stale, $c). To be an e., in malis esse : to look upon athg as an e., qd in malis habere, ponere or ducere : to increase an e., malum augere (to increase an e. one is already suffering); malum malo addere (to add a new e. to one already existing) : you would but increase the e., in ulcere tamquam unguis exsisteres (Prov. C. Horn. 5, 12): one e. follows another, vara vibiam sequitur (Prov. Auson. Prcef. adMonosyll. after 17 Idyll.): no e. happened to him, nihil mali accidit ei ; so incommodum accidit (C.) : to speak e. of aby, male loqui ci (Ter.Phorm. 2, 3, 25); maledicere ci; maledlce contumelioseque dicere de qo (C.) ; male- dtce et maligne loqui (L. 45, 39, 5) : to wish aby e., male velle ci (Plaut. Asin. 5, 1, 13). May e. overtake EVI Antonius! L. Antonio male sit! To be plotting e. (agst aby), male cogitare (de qo ; C. Sen. 6) : you are a messen- ger ofe., male narras (C); acerbum nuncium perferre (ci, C.) : to ward off, lessen, avoid an e., ineommodum rejicere, deminuere, devitare (C. Invent. 2, 5, 18): to remedy an e. one has suffered, incommodum acceptum sarcire (qa re) : there are so many a.'s in Hfe, thai fyc, ita multa sunt incommoda in vita, ut &c. : they not only suffered no e., but %c, non modo incommodi nihil ceperunt, sed etiam &c. EVIL, adv. male, prave. nequiter. EVIL-AFFECTED,") male animatus ; to aby, male- EVIL-DISPOSED, J volus. E. -disposed persons (in a state), qui contra rempublicam sentiunt. Sea Dis- affected. EVIL-DOER, maleffcus {g. t. for one who commits a morally bad action). — sons, noxius. nocens {as guilty; sons as condemned, or deserving to be con- demned : noc. and nox. with ref. to the hurt or injury to another). — sons reus, nocens reus, noxae reus (so far as he is accused). — qui maleficium or noxam ad- mittit, committit ; qui facinus committit, in se suscipit ( {3g§r facinus patrare is antiquated). [ ggp° Male- factor/or homo maleficus, only Plant.'] EVIL-MINDED, malevolus. malevolens («7. tt., opp. benevfilus). — iniquus (not regarding law or equity, opp. aequus). See Evil-disposed, Disaffected. EVIL-SPEAKING, calumnia (false accusation). — criminatio (the blackening aby's character). — male- dictio (act of speaking agst aby ; very rare ; C. Ccel. 3). Sts procacitas, petulantia, temeritas linguae. EVINCE, || Exhibit, prove, vid. || Prove, establish (followed by ' that,' fyc), convincere (e.g. te — nihil scire, &c, C. ; for wch evincere is poet. : si puerilius his ratio te evincet amare, H.).— efficere (establish). EVINCIBLE. See Demonstrable. EVINCIBLY. See Demonstrably. EVISCERATE, eviscerare (Enn. andPacuv. ap. C). EVITABLE, quod evitari potest.— evitabilis (tO.). EVITATE. See Avotd. EVITATION. See Avoidance. EVOCATION, evocatio (post- Aug. ; inferorum, Plin.).— Crcl. EVOKE, || Call forth, evocare (g. t.).— excitare (e.g. inferos). — elicere (e. g. Jovem, Manes, &c. C). — \\Remove, by appeal, to another court (Hume), appellare a qo ad qm. EVOLUTION, decursus : to make a military e., de- currere in armis. EVOLVE. See Unfold, Unfold itself. EVULSION, evulsio (e.g. dentis, C. very rare). EWE, ovis femina. E.-milk, lac ovillum. E.-lamb, agna. E.-milk cheese, caseus ovillus. EWER, urceus (g. t. for any earthen vessel). — urceus aquarius. — urna (vessel for water or any other either fluid or solid substance). — Jg^fT hydria, situlus or situla are prop, for water-pail, but more cmly (esply the dim. sitella) the vessel fm wch lots were drawn (Diet. Antiqq.) : they were not, however, confined to this; we find hydria? farris, Sulp. Sev. ; and on Inscriplt. for the urns in wch the ashes of. the dead were placed. — Silver e.'s, hydrias argenteae (C). EXACERBATE, exacerbare (£.).— exulcerare (C. ; gratiam, res, dolorem, animum, &c). — exacuere qm ira (Np. Phoc). — cs iram accendere (enrage a person). — exasperare (L. animos, &c / — exagitare. — irrltare (e. g. animos, simultates, &c). EXACERBATION, exulceratio (propr. Cels. ; im- propr. Sen., but, from being quite in the sense of exul- cerare, to be used without hesitation). — irritatio (e. g. animorum). EXACT, v. exigere (v. pr., to e promises, debts [nomina, &c], the performances of duties, wages [mer- cedem], &c. ; exig. pcenam, 0. Sen. ; gravia piacula a qo, L. : mly a te; also ex te, C. ; exig. pcen. ci, 0. t). — §§gp° Sts a subst. aft. 'exact' may be translated by ut with subj. ; to e. an answer fm you, exigere cogereque ut respondeas (C.) : to e. your attention to what I say, hanc exigere operam, ut audias me (C). — persequi (to e. by legal measures ; e. g. debts, a qo) : to e. (a tax, fyc.) with great severity, (pecunias imperatas, Sic.) acerbis- sime exigere : to e. punishment of aby, poenas a qo repetere, petere, expetere (C), exigere (0), sumere (V.), capeie de qo (L.), in qm (Curt.), ci irrogare (Q); poena qm afficere (C). \\ Demand, require, vid. \\ Extort, vid. EXACT, || Accurate, vid. \\Careful, atten- tive, diligens. attentus.— cautus ac diligens. — curio- eus in qa re. — restrictus. attentus ad rem (e. and (318) EXA careful in money matters). To be e. in athg, diligen- tem, diligentem et attentum esse in re. diligenter, ac- curate versari in re (to act or proceed exactly, and with attention, in a single ease). — diligentem esse cs rei (habitually e. in the conduct of athg). j] Punctual, vid. || Neither more nor less, ipse : at the e. moment of my departure, sub ipsa profectione. EXACTION, || Act of exacting what is due, exactio (g. t. and esply of taxes, C). — effiagitatio (ur- gent, importunate demand; rare, C). || Extortion, vid. EXACTITUDE. See Exactness. EXACTLY, diligenter. accurate, diligenter et ac- curate, accurate et exquisite, exacte. subtiliter [Syn. is Accurate]. || Exactly so (in Answer), certe. vero. Jta. ita est. sic est. — recte. — etiam. sane, sane quidem. [Syn. ire Yes.] || Exactly, in definitions of number, time, fyc, ipse (e.g. triginta dies erant ipsi; just or e. thirty days, ipso vicesimo anno, &c). || Exactly as if, fyc. See ' Just a s if.' EXACTNESS, diligentia.— cura. accuratio (C. mira accuratio in componendis rebus). Jn. cura et dili- gentia. — subtilitas. [Syn. in Accurate.] — religio (conscientious e. ; e. g. officii, in the performance of duty; also of scrupulous e. in other things ; e.g. in the choice of his words). |gs^*' Accuratio must be used only with ref. to the person acting, not to the state of the work done. — Mathematical e., geometrica subtilitas. The most scrupulous e., *minuta et anxia diligentia. Over- scrupulous e. in athg, nimia religio (e. g. in the choice of words, oratio nimia religione attenuata, C). EXACTOR, exactor (g. t. supplicii ; recte loquendi, &c. ; and esply of taxes : not C., who however uses exactio). EXACTRESS, exactrix (very late, Augustin.). EXAGGERATE, plus dicere, quam patitur Veritas (Auct. Herenn. 4, 53, C7). — veritatem or fidem veritatis non servare. fidem superjacere augendo (L. 10, 30). To e. athg, verbis augere rem, or augere only; in majus extollere rem ; supra ferre rem, quam fieri possit (C ) ; rei actae modum excedere (Plin. Ep. 7, 33, extr.) ; in falsum augere qd (T. atl= to magnify at the ex- pense of truth); in majus celebrare qd (S. Jug. 73, 5. L.); multiplicare verbis (represent many times greater than it is; e. g. copias); rem verbis exasperare (make it worse than it is) ; qd extollere laudando, verbis, &c. (C), with nimis or supra modum; amplificare (g. /.); tollere qd altius dicendo (C. as one of the uses o/ampli- ficandi, de Or. 3, 26, 104).— plus facto dicere (Q. 8, 6, 68). Rumour e.'s every thing, fama omnia in majus extollit : the report was greatly exaggerated, inflatins multo, quam res erat gesta, fama percrebuerat. His- tory ought to e. nothing, non debet historia veritatem egredi (Plin. Ep. 7, 33, 10): to e. one's own merits, se supra modum extollere (Q. 11, 1, 16). $gjjTNot exaggerare, though C. has oratio nimis alta et exag- gerata, an exaggerated style, opp. humilis, abjecta. EXAGGERATION, ampliricatio (C. Q., to wch ni- mia may be added) — superlatio or trajectio, with or without veritatis (both = hyperbolical e ).— exsuperatio (t. t. of oratory = quum plus dictum est, quam patitur Veritas, augendae suspicionis causa; Auct. Herenn. 4, 53, 67).— immoderatio verbomm (C. Suit. 10, 30). Lying e., ementiens superjectio (Q. 8, 6, 67). An allowable e., decens veri superjectio (Q.). To avoid all e. (at the expense of truth), veritatis fidem servare: an e., res immoderatione verborum elata (aft. C. Sull. 10, 30); *res multis partibus aucta (aft. Cces.), or in majus aucta: this is an e., plus dictum est, quam patitur Veritas (Auct. ad Herenn. 4, 53, 67) ; hoc in majus auctum est : the news was brought to Rome, and even with the addition of alarming e.'s, haec majore tumultu etiam, quam res erat, Romam nuntiantur (L. 4, 56). |gg|r Not exaggeratio (though Gell. has exaggeratio quaedam speciosa orationis); but quasi quaedam ex- aggeratio cs rei might perhaps be used in some construc- tions, aft. C. (who has animi — quasi quasdam exag- geratio). EXAGITATE, exagitare. irritare, &c. || Agitate, vid. EXAGITATION, Crcl. or irritatio. EXALT, || Raise up on high, tollere. attollere. — efferre (raise up). — excitare. erigere. altius efferre (build up). See Raise. || Elevate to rank, ho- nours, 8fc, extollere. efterre (raise, opp. deprimere; absol. and ad qd, C. ; supra qm, C. ; qa re).— evehere (e. g. in tertium consulatum, Veil. ; ad consulatus, T.). — augere. ornare (exalt, by gracing with athg, ho- nours, Sfc). Jn. augere atque ornare.— producere ad dignitatem, ad honores. evehere ad honores; to high EXA honours, amplis honoribus ornare or decorare; to the highest honours, ad amplissimos honores, or ad suin- mara dignitatem perducere : to e. aby fm the dust or meanest condition, e tenebris in lucem vocare ; e tene- bris et silentio proferre : to e. aby to a (high) office, pro- movere qra ad or in munus, or ad locum (in the t ime of Empp. — |§gp° promovere alone not good). llgHT ex- altare, Sen. (alia exalt, alia summittere). || To ele- vate to joy, confidence, fyc, erigere (e. g. ani- raum demissum, oppressum). Jn. erigere atque recre- are. — excitare (e. g. afflictum cs animum). — evehere (e.g. spe vana evectus, L. ; inconsultius evectus, Q..). See Elate. || Extol, vid. EXALTATION, || Propr. Crcl. || Impropr.) sublatio (e.g. of voice). — elatio or sublatio animi (the raising it to higher thoughts). — ascensio (the mounting to a higher degree of perfection, C. Brut. 36, 137). — honoris ampli- ricatio (the raising or being raised to higher honour). — animus elatus, inflatus (proud sentiments). — laudatio. laudes (the praising of aby, fyc). EXALTED, as past partcp., see the verb. || = lofty, altus. elatus. celsus. excelsus (Syn. in High). — erec- tus (noble in thought). Jn. celsus et erectus. mag- nus et erectus.— excelsus. (homo) magnus. excelsus magnificusque. (vir) excelsus et altus. (animus) excel- sus, elatus, erectus. — cujus animus altius se ex- tulit (C). EXAMINATION, tentatio (trial, as action, L.).— spectatio (repeated e. of an object, esply of money). — consideratio. reputatio. deliberatio (the weighing of athg).— judicium (the examining judgement).— interro- gatio (interrogatory e. ; e. g. testium; in thee, of the witnesses, in interrogandis testibus). Without e., sine judicio, temere (e.g. assentiri ci). E. of aby (to see what he knows), *tentatio scientiae cs (aft. C. de Div. 1, 17,32): to hold an e., *examinare, explorare, ex- quirere, quid sciant (or didicerint) discipuli : "to offer oneself for e., se spectandum or examinandum offerre : to undergo an e., *probationis periculum subire (Wyt- tenb.): t o com e up for e. again, ad probationem redire (ib.). — imr For 'judicial examination,' see 'Judi- cial Enquiry.' EXAMINE, || To weigh carefully (with a view of ascer taining the nature of athg), examinare. ponderare (to weigh with a view of determin- ing whether it has the right weight ; then fig. of subject- ing the properties of things, notions, fyc , to an exami- nation). — perpendere (to weigh thoroughly, propr. and impropr., qd ad qd; e.g. ad praecepta disciplinae qd diligenter, diligentissime). — tentare (to try or test athg). — explorare (to search out and investigate the true nature of athg). — considerare (to consider, as an act of the understanding). — rationes cs rei habere or ducere (to take it fully into calculation). — inspicere (to look into it, as it were, with a view to ascertain the nature, state, fyc. of the object; both propr., of ocular inspec- tion, arma militis ; and impropr., qm a puero, &c, of examining his character, mores cs, querelam). J§j£=£" There is no authority for probare in this sense. To e. athg by athg, qd ad qd exigere : to e. athg very strictly, qd exactissimo judicio examinare; qdadobrussam exi- gere (Sen.) : to e. athg in a popular way, not with minute critical accuracy, qd non aurificis statera sed quadam populari trutlna examinare (C). || To examine by ocular inspection, inspicere (e.g. arma militis). — contemplari (to e. as an act of feeling, absorbed in its object, and surrendering itself to the pleasant or unpleasant feelings it excites ; Bod.). — intueri (to con- template attentively something that strikes the fancy, fyc). Jn. intueri et contemplari.— spectare (to gaze quietly at an object that interests the understanding). — contueri (to e. an object with fixed widely opened eyes, fyc.).— oculis collustrare or perlustrare (to review with the eyes, to e. carefully). — perspicere (to e. in all its parts, to e. thoroughly). Jn. contueri perspicere- que. — circumspicere (to look all round, to take a view of): to e. hastily, oculis percurrere : to e. atten- tively, inteutis oculis contemplari. || To examine by a searching enquiry, inspicere (to look into, c. g. mores cs). — excutere (prop, to shake a garment, in order to ascertain whether athg had been concealed in it: hence fig. to sift, search thoroughly).— scrutari. per- scrutari (qm or locum, to inspect or visit thoroughly ; hence fig. to enquire into). — percensere. recensere (to e. critically, fyc). — cognoscere qd (to require in- formation respecting). — quaerere qd or de qa re (to endeavour to bring to light by investigation ; e. g. con- jurationem, de cs morte). — inquirere in qd (to collect facts with the view of supporting a judicial enquiry). - -exquirere qd (to enquire closely into, e. g. verum ; (319) EXC aby's actions by the strictest rule of conscience, cs facta ad antiques religionis rationem). — B-§pT anquirere means strictly to impeach or accuse oja crime for wch the penalty was previously determined (of the tribunes) : to e. by torture, per tormenta quaerere qd ; also quaerere only in the construction de servo in dominum (to torture a slave for the purpose of obtain- ing evidence agst his master). To e. oneself, in sese descendere (Pers.); me ipse perspicio totumque tento (/ e. myself, Cic Legg. 2, 22, 59). To e. an account, rationem cognoscere, excutere, dispungere. — || To examine by questioning , interrogare (e. g. tes- tem). To e. a witness severely, fyc, interrogare tes- tem infeste ac premere (Q.); well, bene (C). ggf° Ex- pendere testem is to ascertain the probable worth of his evidence, by sifting his character, connexions, habits, fyc. || To e. a school, pupils, fyc, cs scien tiam literarum, doctrinae, artis, &c. tentare (aft. C. de Div. 1,17, 32, cujus quum tentare vellet scientiam augurattis) ; ex- plorare, exquirere, &c, quid sciant or didicerint disci- puli (Krebs). JiSF' Not cs profectus explorare. EXAMINER, disceptator. investigator (C). explora- tor (Suet.), indagator (Col. Syn. under To Examine). In judicial matters, quaesitor (C, of one who conducts a preparatory investigation, opp. to one who pronounces the decision). The e. of witnesses, qui testem (testes) interrogat ; of a school, *qui examinat, explorat, ex- quirit, quid sciant or didicerint discipuli (Krebs) ; *qui tentat scientiam discipulorum (Georges). EXAMPLE, v. See To Exemplify, 'to set an Ex- ample of.' EXAMPLE, exemplum (an e. out of many, chosen on account of its r elative aptness for a certain end). — exemplar (means an e. before others, chosen on account of its absolute aptness to represent the idea of a whole species; a model). — auctoritas (e. fm the con- duct of an eminent person). — documentum (an instruc- tive and warning e.). To take aby for one's e., ex- emplum (sibi) petere a qo ; exemplum capere de qo; exemplum sumere ex qo, with wch sibi may be used (all C). To set an e., exemplum praebere: to seta bad e., periculosam exempli imitationem (aliis, reliquis) pro- dere ; mali (pessimi, &c.) esse exempli: to follow aby's iv), propter excellen- tiam (C. Top. 13, 55), or proprie (C, ib.); praecipue ; prae ceteris; eximio nomine (e. g. qm or qd nominare). $*$" Sen. uses per excellentiam (Ep. 58), and Ulp. per eminentiam. EXCELLENT, egregius. eximius (exim. of what is distinguished above things of its own kind, all of wch are good; egreg. of what is distinguished above things of its own kind, amongst wch are good, bad, and in- different; thus ex. virtutes, ingenium, spes ; but egreg. poeta not eximius [C. Or. 1,3], there being many (320) EXC bad poets; Schultz).— praeclarus (relates to the impres- sion of admiration on the minds of others ; to splendour, celebrity, $c). Jn. egregius ac praeclarus. eximius et praeclarus.— excellens. praecellens.— praestans. praesta- bilis (Svn. in To Excel).— insignis (remarkable, for good or evil). Jn. clarus et insignis (e. g. illius viri vir- tus; C.).— divinus (very common as hyperbol. expression of excellence: div. vir; homo in dice n do ; orator, &c. Sts softened by quidam or pame). — optimus (ironical). || Excellent! (in ironical answers) optime ! (e. g. non me quidem, inquit, sed sapientem dico scire. Optime, nempe, &c. ; C. Ac. 2, 36, 115.) EXCELLENTLY, egregie. eximie. excellenter. sts praeclare[SYN. ire Excellent].— divine (is very rare).— divinitus (occurs several times).— luculente. luculenter (C). — bene, pulchre (these two esply in answers of appro- bation).— (vel) optime (ironically). To speak Greek e., egregie Greece loqui. EXCEPT, v. excipere. eximere.— excludere (to shut out, exclude). — discedere ab qo, a re (to pass on fm an exception one has found, for the purpose of finding another). To e. any one by name, qm nominatim exci- pere : when I e. you, quum a vobis discesserim : if I e. brotherly love, quum a fraterno amore discessi : none excepted, ad unum omnes, or omnes ad unum ; singuli universique (one and all) : that excepted, quum ab illo discesseris ; illud si exceperis, excluseris. || To ob- ject, a) In law, exceptione uti (Paul. Dig. 44, 1, 8); agst aby or athg, ci or ci rei ; exceptionem opponere ; excipere adversus qm (Ulp. and Paul. Dig. 44, 1, 2; and 20 ; African. Dig. 16, 1, 1 7, § 1 ) ; on account of athg, excipere de qa re (Ulp. Dig. 44, 4, 4). /3) || In com- mon life; see Object. EXC EPT, prep, praeter, with an ace. in negative and general propositions. — extra, with an ace. — praeterquam (adv. except). — nisi (' if not,' 'unless,' aft. negations and in negative questions; see Zumpt, § 735). — quum discesseris ab qo, ab qa re (i. e. aft. you have left that) &c— excepto, exeepta, exceptis (being excepted): all the enemy, e. some few, were taken alive, paucis ex ho- minum numero desideratis, cuncti vivi capiebantur : philosophers maintain that no one e. the philosopher is a perfect man, philosophi negant, quemquam virum boivum esse, nisi sapientem: e. that, nisi quod (C. Fam. 13, I, &c). — praeterquam quod (see Zumpt, § 627).— ex- cepto quod (IgpT this is rare): e. in case of, extra quam si (esply in forms of exception; see C. ad Att. 6, 1, 15).— praeterquam si (Piin. 8, 25, 39).— excepto, si (Pers. 5, 90). — nisi, nisi si (if not, unless, only in case that; see Zumpt, § 343). |§3ir Non nisi should not be written as one word; they very seldom even stand to- gether [C. Verr. 1, 39, 98, is an exception] : you wrote nothing to me e. what was perfectly true, tu, nisi quod verum erat, profecto non scripsisti (the nisi generally, but by no means always precedes): e. one or at the most two, excepto uno aut ad summum altero : all e. you two, omnes, exceptis vobis duobus. EXCEPTION, exceptio. exceptiuncula (a limitation, restriction ; the latter a slight e. : exceptio is also ' an exception' in law pleadings). With e.'s, cum excep- tione (C): without e., sine exceptione; sine discrimine; pariter; aeque (without distinction). — ad unum omnes (all to a single person, without e. in respect of number) • without any e., sine ulla. exceptione : ivith the e. of any one, excepto qo ; praeter qm ; si ab qo discesseris : with some e., non sine qo discrimine : with this e , cum hac exceptione : to make an e., excipere ; of any person or thing, qm, qd : to be an e., excipi : to make no e., nullum discrimen facere : with the e. of one or perhaps two, ex- cepto uno aut ad summum altero: all without e., ad unum omnes (^°b«( omnes sine exceptione). EXCEPTIONABLE, quod offensioni est, offen- sionem habet or affert ; quod offendit ; quod non vacat offensione.— quod displicet. — odiosus. — exemplo baud saluber (e. g. opinions, sentemiae).— mali exempli. EXCEPTIOUS, litigiosus. jurgiosus. difficilis, &c. (see Quarrelsome). — accusatorius (e. g. animus). — criminosus (full of charges). — qui contra omnia dicit. — *qui omnia improbat, or *qui reprehendit omnia et exagitat. — *qui omnibus omnium consiliis occurrit atque obstat (aft. C. Cat. 3, 7). — *qui omnia male in- terpretatur (puts a bad construction on every thing). — *qui proclivis or propensus est ad accipiendam offen- sionem.— *(ille) consilioium omnium oppugnator. EXCEPTOR. See Objector. EXCERPT, ex libro excerpere. EXCERPTA, electa (igf" not excerpta). A book of e., electorum commentarius (Plin. Ep. 3, 5). EXCERPTION, excerptio (post-Class., Gell.). E.'s (of a work), electa (not excerpta). EXC EXCESS, Crcl. by the adjj., nimius or extremus (e.g. excess of joy, nimia laetitia). — quod nimium est (e. g. vehementius offendit, quam id quod videtur parum; C), or by quod superest, superat or {often of faulty e.) redundat : the deficiency of athg in the one is equal to the e. of it in the other, quantum alteri deest cs rei, tantum alteri superest : there was no deficiency of thiskind of ornament in Antonius, nor e. of it in Crassus, neque in Antonio deerat hie ornatus orationis, neque in Crasso redundabat : to be filled to e. with athg, re- dundare qa re: e. of ornament makes a style taivdry, exornationes si crebrae eollocabuntur, obWtam reddunt orationem (C ). — [IgUT exsuperantia is only a great amount of ivhat is good, redundantia an e. of what is bad. — I§|r not nimietas or excessus.] — to be in e., redimdare (mostly, but not always, of a faulty e.). || Excess (moral), intemperautia. libidinum intem- perautia (want of moderation in the enjoyment of coarse sensuality and desires, opp. temperantia). — libido, libi- dines. voluptates libidinosae (e. in sensual enjoyment, csply in love) — licentia (arbitrary e. in external man- ners and order). — luxuria (extravagance, luxury in our mode of living). — flagitium (an immoral act). All possible e.'s, effusae in omni intemperantia libidines : to commit or be guilty of e.'s, *licentius, effrenatius vivere; se effundere in libidinibus. \\ To commit excesses, evagari; non temperare sibi; in athg, im- modicum, nimium esse in re; modum excedere or modum non tenere in re ; effundi in rem or ad rem ; se effundere in qa re (e.g. in qa libidine, C). EXCESSIVE, immodicus. immoderatus. effu- sus. profusus. E. height (of body), statura, quae justam excedit (Suet. Tib. 68): e. joy, laetitia effusa, profusa, praeter modum elata, or se superfundens. EXCESSIVELY, immodice ; immodice et re- dundanter (Plin. Ep. 1,20,21); immoderate; extra, supra, or praeter modum; effuse; profuse. — vehe- menter (e. g. gaudere; commoveri qa re, &c). EXCHANGE, mutatio. permutatio. — ( |gp° not commutatio, wch means only 'change,' ' alteration,' in Class, writers). To make an e., see To Exchange. || Exchange of money, collybus (Hggp not cam- bium). To pay by a bill of e., permutare ci pecuniam, &c. : by a bill of e. payable at Athens ; td give aby a bill of e. on Athens for his annual expenses, curare, ut per- mutetur Athenas quod sit in annuum sumptum ci (C. Att. 15,15, fin.). \\An exchange (place of business), basilica (roofed and with pillars for the convenience of merchants, fyc). — conciliabulumf^. t.). — *conciliabulum mercatorum. — mercatus, us. — *forum mercatorium. EXCHANGER, mensarius (C). — mensarius numu- larius (Fest.). Sen. has dim. mensularius. EXCHEQUER, aerarium. fiscus (privy-purse). — gaza (of the Persians, $c). A well-filled e., copiae aerarii (C.) : an e. bill, *syngrapha pecuniae ex aerario dandae orper- solvendae. || Chancellor of the Exchequer, pro- curator principis or Caesaris (in Rome the officer who superintended the income and disbursements of the fiscus or treasury under the emperors; see T. Ann. 12, 60, init. ; Plin. Paneg. 36, 3). — *aerarii curator. EXCISE, v. See To Tax. EXCISE, s. *vectlgal rerum venalium. — centesima rerum venalium (aft. Rom. customs). — portorium (in a wider sense ; but properly of articles of export and im- port).— prps vectigal portorii nomine exactum (aft. C. Font. 5, 5, 19). EXCISEABLE, vectigalis (opp. immunis). EXCISEMAN, publicanus. — vectigaliarius (Firm. Math. 3, 13). The e. takes so much for each hogshead of wine ; to be formed aft. Titurium quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse (C. Font. 5, 9). EXCISION, excisio (the pulling down of a house, Auct. Or. pro dom. : as ' cutting out,' plagae, Pallad.). — exsectio (e. g. of the tongue; C). EXCITABILITY, *proclivitas ad irascendum, ad accipiendam offensionem, &c. — mollis ad accipiendam offensionem animus (C, of readiness to take offence). — animus cs irritabilis (S^JT irritabilitas very late; Appul.). — animi mobilitas (that is unsteady from its natural e. ; S.). — mollitudo animi (opp. indolentia, stupor, immanitas; C. Tusc. 6, 12). — *tener quidam et mollis animus (aft. est natura fere in animis tenerum quiddam et molle, quod aegritudine, quasi tempestate, quatiatur; C. Tusc. 3, 6, 12). Or by Crcl. A person of great ° not elevare. verbis elevare qm = to run him down) ; to the skies, qm miris modis laudare. qm or qd miris lau- dibus praedicare. cs laudes in astra tollere. EXTOLLER. See Praiser. EXTORT, exprimere or extorquere ci qd or qd ab (or ex) qo. expugnare qd; from aby, a qo; excu- tere qd (to take by force). To e. money, pecuniam per vim capere : to e. money fm aby, pecuniam a qo ex- torquere or extorquere atque eripere ; pecuniam ci or numulorum qd ab (or ex) qo exprimere ; aurum expug- nare ab qo: to e. athg by violence and fear fm aby, vi metuque extorquere ci qd ; by threatening, minis extorquere, &c. ; by threatening him with a law-suit, qd a qo litium terrore abradere (C.) : to e. a confession fm aby, exprimere ci confessionem ; exprimere or extor- quere, ut qs fateatur. EXTORTER. See Extortioner. EXTORTION, || Of money, violenta exactio: to accuse of e. (in a province), postulare qm de repe- tundis or repetundarum : to condemn for e., damnare qm de repetundis : accused of e., pecuniarum repetun- darum reus. EXTRACT, [| Draw forth, extrahere (propr. e.g. telum e corpore ; qm domo latitantem ; (g^gr trahere telum de corpore, t 0.). — exprimere (propr. to squeeze out; e.g. pecuniam a qo ; also impr. to e. a denial, that, exprimere, ut se ffecisse qd] neget). — vellere. evellere. ( pluck or pull out, veil, plumam, comam, pilos ; evell. dentes, Plin. ; aculeum severitatis). To e. athg by the roots (fig.), cs rei omnes radicum fibras evellere (C): to e. teeth, dentes evellere (Plin.), exciv>ere(Cels.); eximere (id.) : to e. bones (e. g. fm a wound), ossa legere (e. g. postquam oculus effossus est, et in capite lecta ossa, Sen. Ben. 5, 24, but quoted fm Cces. ; there are, however, different readings, ejecta ; Fickert conjectures fracta. See Gorenz. ad C. de Legg. Excurs. 1, p. 289). The sun e.'s the colour of athg, solis radii lambendo colo- rem eripiunt ex qa re : to e. a secret fm aby, eblandiri or expiscari qd. || To draw forth one sub- stance fm another (e. g. by chemical or other. pro- cess), trahere (to draw ; e. g. stirpes succum trahunt ex terra, C). — exprimere (to express; of oils, $c, e. g. succus nuci expressus). — secernere (to secrete; e. g. succum a reliquo cibo; bilem ab eo cibo, C.).— elicere (e. g. ferrum e terras cavernis, C. ; ignem lapidum con- flictu; and fig. verbum ex qo; sententiam cs, C). — || To take a portion fm a work, excerpere (ex libro). — exscribere (to write out). — eligere (to select). Extracted passages, electa (Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 0§|r not excerpta). — eclogarii (C. Alt. 16,2). — eclogae (Varr. ap. Charis.). To e. the most beautiful passages of a work, ex scripto flores decerpere (aft. Plin. Ep.). || In Mathematics, extrahere (as t. t.). Toe. the square root, *radlcem quadratam extrahere. EXTRACT, *locus ex qo exscriptus. Extracts, eclogarii (C. Att. 16, 2) ; electa, orum. A book of e.'s, electorum commentarius. gggT excerpta not found, Krebs. To make an e., qd excerpere; exscri- bere : to make an e. fm a book, e libro excerpere (to take passages). || An e. (in pharmacy), succus ci rei ex- pressus (e. g. nuci, Plin.). — decoctum (Plin.). EXTRACTION, || Propr.) evulsio (e. g. dentis), Crcl.— 1| Impropr.) Descent, genus ( family). — stirps (slock). — origo (origin). Of good e., honesto genere (natus); honesto loco ortus : of low e., humili or ob- scuro, or ignobili loco natus. — obscuris ortus majori- bus. By e. a Tusculan, by citizenship a Roman, ortu Tusculanus, civitate Romanus. A Macedonian by e., natione Macedo. EXTRAJUDICIAL, quod fit intra domesticos pa- EXT rietes (in a private house, not in court); *quod fit extra judicium ; *quod non coram judicibus agitur ( S^"extrajudicialis is a word formed by the moderns). EXTRAJUDICIALLY, intra domesticos parietes (C, but of a cause pleaded before Cces. at his own house); *extra judicium ; extra judicii formulas. EXTRAMUNDANE, Crcl. with *extra hunc mun- dum ; *qui extra hunc mundum est, &c. flgg|° extra- mundanus (Marc. Cap.), ultramundanus (Appul. and Marc. Cap.) very late. EXTRANEOUS, extraneus (very seld. extr. qa causa, Auct. ad Her.).— externus. — adventicius. — Jn. ex- ternus et adventicius. EXTRAORDINARILY, extra ordinem. *praeter morem or consuetudinem (contrary to manners or cus- toms), incredibiliter (incredibly), mire, mirifice (won- derfully, strikingly, remarkably), minim in modum. mirum quantum, incredibile quantum (see Benecke, Justin 8, 2, 5, p. 12.5; Duker, Flor. 4, 2, 74); summe (most highly). In connexion with an adj. it is fre- quently expressed by the superlative ; as, e. beautiful, formosissimus ; pulcherrimus ; wch is sts strengthened by summe or vel maxime; e. g., one who is e. atten- tive to me, summe observantissirnus mei. EXTRAORDINARY, extraordinarius (that happens agst the regular order and established form). — inusitatus. insolitus. insolens. non vulgaris (unusual, uncommon). — novus. inauditus. novus et inauditus (new and never before heard of). — incredibilis (incredible). — rarus. sin- gularis (rare, singular in its kind). — mirus. mirificus (wonderful, astonishing, remarkable, in a good and bad sense).— insignis (distinguished). — summus (very great). IggjT Often by extra ordinem. The e. expectations we entertain of you, spem, quam extra ordinem, &c. de te habemus (C. ; so extra ordinem ci bellum committere, provinciam decernere, &c). Ane. ambassador, *legatus extra ordinem missus : an e. member or associate, ♦extra ordinem societati ascriptus : e. honours, *ho- nores solito majores: to impose an e. burden, extra ordinem imperare ci qd : e. enjoyment, incredibilis voluptas : e. desire. of athg, mirum cs rei desiderium : e. love, singularis or incredibilis amor : e. mental power, divina vis ingenii: an e. speaker, divinus in dicendo; prsecipuus eloquentia. — Africanus, e. both as a man and as a general, Africanus, singularis et vir et imperator : to possess e. talents, plus in qo est in- genii, quam videtur humana natura ferre posse. E. virtue, exsuperantia virtutis. EXTRAVAGANCE.il Wandering beyond fixed limits, error (in a speech) ; oratio vagans (See Di- gression). || Impetuosity (of passions, #c), in- temperantia. libidinum intemperantia. — cupiditatum caecus impetus (aft. cupiditates in alium caeco impetu incurrentes). Extravagances, stulte facta : he com- mitted many e.'s, multa stulte fecit. — 1| Lavish ex- penditure, effusio. profusio (as act). — sumptus effusi or profusi (lavish expenses).— profusa luxuria (exces- sive inclination for luxury, splendour, sensual indul- gence, fyc). — nimia liberalitas. EXTRAVAGANT, || Wandering beyond fixed limi ts, 8fC, longius progrediens, evagans (in a speech). — intemperans. effrenatus (in indulgence of lusts, fyc). — || Immoderately expensive, luxuriosus. ad luxuriam eflfusus. luxuria diffluens (of very expensive, luxurious habits).— largus (spending largely). — prodi- gus (C. makes prodigi the faulty, liberates the good species of largi). To be very e., extra modum sump- tu et magniricentia, prodire. || Excessive, immo- destus (exceeding all bounds; of men or things; e.g. fautor histrionum; largitio). — immoderatus (not re- strained; of things; e. g. cupiditas, luxuria). — effusus ( pouring itself out beyond its ordinary limits, e. g. laeti- tia hilaritas, sumptus ; also of persons, e. g. effusior in largitione). — profusus (with nearly the same meaning ; laetitia, hilaritas, sumptus. — epulae, convivia). — nimius (too muck; too great). — impotens (powerless, fm pas- sion, to restrain itself ; laetitia, cupiditas ; postulatum). — insanus (senseless; cupiditas). — nimis exquisitus (too recherche ; e. g. munditia, C). EXTRAVAGANTLY, || Excessively, immode- rate (e. g. to bid, liceri). — immodeste (e. g. to give, love, praise oneself). — etfuse (exsultare, donare). — profuse (e. g. sumptui deditum esse ; laudare, qd exstruere). — prodige (prodigally ; e. g. vivere, C). EXThAVAGATE, longius evagari.— longius eva- gari et tamquam exsultare (of the appetites; C). EXTRAVASATE, transtluere. To be extravasated, transfluxisse (of the blood; Plin. 11, 38, 91).— *extra venas difhuere. (332) EXU EXTRAVASATION, Crcl. EXTREME, adj. extremus (that is furthest fm me; hence Jig. extreme, i. e. commanded by necessity, de- parting fm the usual custom). — ultimus (the last in a real or supposed series; hence fig. the last, that still re- mains after others ; that one can think of only after the others). — summus (the highest ; hence fig. that exceeds or surpasses every thing ; that can be surpassed by nothing), e. part, pars extrema : e. danger, ultimum discrime n ; summum periculum. An e. remedy, anceps auxilium (cf. Cels. 2, 10). E. remedies must be tried in e. cases, si periturus sit, qui laborat, nisi temeraria quoque via, fuerit adjutus . . . satius est anceps auxilium experiri, quam nullum (Cels. 2, 10): to be brought into e. danger, in ultimum discrimen adduci ; in summum periculum vocari : e. misfortune, extremum malorum ; extremus casus : e. need, summae angustiae ; extremes res ; ex- trema or ultima (dangerous state); ultimum or extre- mum inopiae ; summa inopia (e. want) : to fall into e. poverty, venire ad ultimum or extremum inopiae : on account of the e. cold, propter vehementiam frigoris (Vitr.). — || Extreme unction, *extrema unctio (t. t.). EXTREME, s. By adj. summus. The e. of right is the e. of wrong, summum jus summa injuria. To run into e.'s, 'modum excedere in contrarias partes; nimis vehementem esse in utramque partem; plus minus ve facere (see Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 31 ; Phorm. 3, 3, 21, Ruhnk.). EXTREMELY, summe, summopere (most highly). — quam or vel maxime (very much ; beyond measure) : e. courteous to aby, summe officiosus in qm : e. plea- sant, summe jucundus : e. proper, summe decorus. It is also frequently rendered by the superlative ; sts with the addition of summe or vel maxime ; e. g. a per- son who is e. attentive to me, summe observantissirnus mei. EXTREMITY ( = extreme danger, #c), extrema, pi. extrema fortuna; extremum discrimen, &c. To be reduced to e., extrema or extremam fortunam pati; in maximum periculum et extremum paene discrimen adductum esse (of things). || The extremities of the body, partes membrorum extremae: the e.'s are cold, frigidus extremas partes morbus urget (Cels.) : of boughs, cacuminum digiti, qui longissime atoto cor- pore exeunt (Plin., but comparing it to a body). EXTRICATE, extrahere ex re. expedire re. eripere ex or a re. — liberare re or a re. — exsolvere re. — eximere re or ex re. To e. oneself fm athg, se exsolvere or re- laxare qa. re ; se expedire a re, ex re, re, or absol. (ab omni occupatione, C. ; ex his laqueis, C. ; ex hac turba, Plaut.; aerumnis, cura, Ter.; sapientis est, quum stultitia sua impeditus sit, quoquo modo possit, se expedire, C). — explicare se (C. Verr. 2, 5, 58, 81). — exuere se (e. g. ex laqueis). — extrahere se ex qa re (e. g. ex periculis, malis, C.).— eripere se ex qa re (e.g. ex complexu cs). — exsolvere se (e. g. corpore, V. ; occupa- tionibus, C. ; e nervis, Lucr.). — plane se relaxare (e. g. animus— corporis vinculis). — dejicere or depellere qd (e. g. drive away ; fear, an err our, fyc). To e. aby fm debt, liberare qm aere alieno. A means of extricating oneself, ratio expediendae salutis. EXTRINSICAL. See External. EXTRUDE. See Expel. EXTRUSION. See Expulsion. EXTUBERANCE. See Protuberance. EXUBERANCE. See Excess. — @p" exuberatio (opp. defectio, Vitr.) ; exuberantia (GelL). EXUBERANT. See Excessive, Luxuriant, Great, &c. To be e., redundare (mly, but by no means always, of what is bad). — nimis or paulo nimium re- dundare (both C, of orators, style, fyc). — exundare atque exuberare (T.): to be full of e. mirth (of a speech), redundare hilaritate (C). EXUBERANTLY. See Excessively, Luxu- riantly. EXUBERATE. See ' to be Exuberant.' EXULCERATE, exulcerare (both propr., cutem, Cels. ; and impropr. animum, gratiam, &c, C). EXULCERATION, exulceratio (Cels. propr.; im- propr. Sen.). — ulceratio (Plin.; in pi. Sen.). EXULT, exsultare (also with laetitia or gaudio ; over athg, in qa re ; e. g. in ruinis nostris ; in athg, in qa re, e. g. in crudelitate ; also exsultare, quod). — laetari (to rejoice in athg, de qa re, e. g. de salute omnium , also in hoc laetari, quod &c. ; and with subst. laetandum puto casum tuum, / think men ought to e. in your misfor- tune, S.). — Jn. laetari et triumphare. See Rejoice. EXULTATION, laetatio (Cces.). — exsultatio (Sen.). EXU To feel e., lsetitia, gaudio exsultare ; lsetitia gestiie, &c. See To Exult. EXUSTION, exustio (C. Rep. 6, 21). EYE, v. aspicere qm or qd. — oculos in qd conjicere or convertere. — spectare. aspectare. — contemplari, in- tueri, contueri qm or qd. To e. attentively, earnestly, #c, oculos non movere or dejicere a re (e. g. a cs vultu) ; oculi habitant in re; obtutum figere in re ; defixis ocu- lis intueri qd; defigere oculos in re or in qd : to e. askance, oculis limis intueri or aspicere qd : in an im- pudent manner, impudentissimos oculos defigere inqm or qd (C.Phil. 11, 5, 10). EYE, oculus (dimin. ocellus ; also, with and without mentis, like acies mentis, of the e. of the mind). — lumen {in prose usually lumina oculorum, the light of the e.'s). — aspectus. conspectus (sight) : full of e.'s, oculeus : having e.'s, oculatus : that belongs to e.'s, ocularius (also, that is concerned with e.'s) : e.'s that have not begun to fail, acies incolumis : sharp e.'s, oculi acres et acuti : to have sharp e.'s, acriter videre; oculos acres et acutos habere (propr.) ; perspicacem esse (fig.) : that has sharp (i. e. lynx) e.'s, lynceus : to have good e.'s, bene videre ; bad e.'s (that do not see clearly), oculi hebetes : that has weak e.'s, lusciosus or luscitiosus ( = qui vesperi non videt, Varr. ap. Non. 105, 13; but, according to Fest. and Fulgent. = 'qui clarius vesperi quam meridie cernit'): to have weak e.'s, oculi ci caecutiunt (Varr. ap. Non. 86, 12): a deep-set, hollow e., oculus conditus, retractus, conc&vus : a bright e., oculus lubricus et mobilis; oculus vegetus : a dull e., oculus languidus : languishing e.'s, oculi ignem fa- tentes : voluptuous, wanton e.'s, oculi lascivi ; oculi, ut sic dicamus, venerei: speaking, expressive e.'s, oculi lo- quaces : to have weak or blear e.'s, lippire : one that has weak or blear e.'s, lippus ; lippiens. A) Phrases with 'eye' in the nominative: the e.'s swim or water, oculi humectant (g. t., become moist or wet) ; lacrimae ci oboriuntur ( the e.'s are filled with tears; fm pain, joy, fyc. ; the cause, in the abl.; as, gaudio, adventu cs); facit qd ut oculi exstil- lent; facit qd delacrimationem (of sharp and pungent food, of smoke which causes the e.'s to water): my e.'s pain me, oculi mihi dolent : if my e.'s do not deceive me, nisi (animus fallit aut) oculi parum prospiciunt : as far as the e. reaches, qua visus est; quo longissime oculi conspectum ferunt (as far as ever, 8ec). B) Phrases with ' eye' in the accusative case. To please the e., arridet ci qd : to open the e.'s, oculos aperire (to open) ; oculos attollere (to raise) ; dispicere (to open them for seeing); oculos ci restituere (to re- store the sight of a blind man; Suet.) : to open aby's e. wide, oculum diducere (of a surgeon, fyc.) : to open one's e.'s wide, diducere oculos (as in Q. 11, 3, 80, nares diducere ; cf. Cels. 7, 7, § 4) : to open one's e.'s wide at athg, acrem aciem intendere in qd ; acriter intueri qd : to cast one's e.'s all around, circumferre oculos. diligenter circumspicere (propr.); ad omnia attendere (fig.) : to cry one's e.'s out, totos efflere oculos ; lacrimis confici (g^ totos efflere oculos, Q. Bed. 4. Freund omits the word): to blind aby's e.'s by a gift or bribe, largitione cs animum caecare : to attract the e.'s of people, conspici, conspicuum esse (of persons and things wch strike the sight; see Bremi, Np. Alt. 13, 5 ; Suet. Oct. 45): to withdraw one's e.'s fm aby or athg, oculos dejicere a qo, a re : to draw upon oneself the e.'s of all men, omnium oculos ad se convertere or in se vertere : to direct men's e.'s towards aby, conspi- cuum facere qm : all e.'s are turned, directed towards him, omnium oculi in eum sunt conjecti; omnium ora in eum sunt conjecta: to close or shut the e.'s, oculos operire (Q., opertos compressosve oculos habere in dicendo); connivere (e.g. in order to sleep; also at athg, ad qd [prop. e. g. at lightning, ad fulgura], or in qa re, fig. to connive at athg): to close the e.'s of a dying person, morienti operire oculos : to close one's e.'s for ever, conniventem somno consopiri sempiterno To feast one's e.'s with athg, oculos pascere qa re ; fruc- tum oculis capere ex re. C) ' Eye' with prepositions, a)BEFORE. Before the e.'s, ante oculos (e.g. to wave or float, versari; to kill aby, trucidare). — in conspectu (e. g. to lie ; of a country, esse; to stand, of a person, astare): sts in ore atque in oculis, or in ore only (e.g. quae in ore atque in oculis provincial «esta sunt, C. Verr. 2, 33, 81 ; in ore om- nium versari): before one's (own) e.'s, sub oculis: before my e.'s, me spectante, inspectante, praesente ; coram me : to be done before the e.'s of all the world, in oculis homi- num geri : to have before one's e.'s, habere ante oculos (propr. and fig., e.g. to fancy, represent to oneself, ima- (333) EYE gine); intueri (to keep in one's e.); observare (to ob- serve) ; spectare (to take notice of, to regard) ; videre qd (to think upon athg, see Ochsn. C. Eel. 126)- to come before the e.'s— to come under the e.'s, see below in Under : to put or place before the e.'s of aby, ante oculos or oculis cs qd proponere, exponere ; oculis or sub aspectum subjicere : to place or set before one's (own) e.'s, ponere, proponere, constituere sibi qd ante oculos ; proponere qd oculis suis : to set athg clearly before aby's e.'s. dilucide docere, explicare (to explain clearly). — praedicare qd (to represent emphatically ; see Held. Cces. B. C. 1, 32) : to figure, or picture before one's e.'s, repree- sentareimaginemcsrei(e. g. sceleris, Q. 6, 1, 31): to lie before the e.'s, in conspectu esse (propr. and fig., to be visible, of a country, fyc); fig. ante or sub oculos posi- tumesse; patere; ante pedes esse (proverbially); also manifestum, apertum esse (to be manifest or clear) : to lie, so to say, before our e.'s, esse, ut ita dicam, in con- spectu : to have before one's e.'s, qd ci in conspectu est (propr. to be visible, of a country, fyc); qd intueri (to look at athg, in order to direct one's course by it) : to do athg before aby's e.'s, sub oculis cs facere qd : lest Capua should be taken before his e.'s, ne in oculis ejus Capua caperetur (L.). b) For. To be good for the e.'s, oculis mederi (see under Good), c) From. To learn, know, perceive, athg fm the e.'s of abg, e vultu cs intelligere qd (what he designs or purposes). — ex vultu cs conjecturam facere, quid velit, cupiat, sentiat (any one's wishes, §c, aft. C. Muren. 21, 44). d) In. To keep in one's e. (i. e. to look at with attention), contem- plari qm intentis oculis : to keep athg in one's e , intueri, observare qd : Homer appears to me to have had something of this kind in his e., mihi quidem Ho- merus hujusmodi quiddam vidisse videtur. e; On or upon. To keep a strict e. upon aby, qm observare, cus- todire ; cs oculi qm non sentientem speculantur et custodiunt (to watch aby secretly, C. Cat. 1, 2, 6) : to fix one's e.'s on the ground, oculos in terram defigere or dejicere (both Q.) : to keep one's e. upon athg, habere qd in oculis suis : to cast one's e.'s upon athg, oculos conjicere ad or in qd (propr.); oculos adjicere ci rei (also fig.) : to cast one's e.'s upon aby, animum ad- jicere ad qm : to fix one's e.'s upon aby (not to turn them away fm him), obtutum figere in qo ; oculos defi- gere in vultu cs or in qm ; oculi habitant in vultu cs ; contemplari qm intentis oculis. f ) Under. To fall under the e.'s, sub oculos cadere; in oculos cadere, incurrere ; sub aspectum cadere or venire ; aspectu sentiri; in aciem prodire (to become visible; the last, C. Fam. 6, 1, 5); conspicuum esse; conspici (to at- tract the e.'s of people, to be conspicuous ; see Bremi, Np. Att. 13, 5. Suet. Oct. 45); qd nemo non videt, intelli- git, perspicit (a thing is clear or apparent to every body) : to come or fall under the e.'s of aby, in conspectum cs venire (of persons), or cadere (of things, and rather ad- ventitiously) : to live constantly under the e.'s of people, in oculis habitare ; assiduum in oculis homi- nura esse, g) With. To do athg with one's e.'s open, scientem facere qd : to see, observe with the e.'s, oculis cernere ; aspectu sentire : to see with one's own e.'s, suis oculis uti: to see athg ivith one's oicn e.'s, oculis cernere; ipsum, praesentem videre qd : / have seen it with mine own e.'s, hisce oculis vidi, per- spexi, or ipse vidi f ^^° Some reject oculis meis videre; but Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 10, and Plaut. Pseud. 2, 27, have it] : to see well with the right (or left) e., dextro or sinistro oculo bene videre (C. Divin. 1, 24) : not to see well with the left (right) e., sinistro (dextro) oculo non aeque bene uti posse; minus videre oculo sinistro (dex- tro) : to wink with the e.'s, nictare. || f^*^ The follow- ing Anglicisms must not be translated literally: to be fair, fyc, in aby's e.'s, pulchrum videri, existimari, &c. : to be hidden fm aby's e.'s, qd ci ignotum or incog- nitum est, &c. || The corner of the e., angulus oculi : the socket of the e., cavea (Lactant.). || Inflammation of the e.'s, oculorum inflammatio ; oculorum sicca perturbatio ; arida lippitudo (Cels. ; Scrib. Larg.). In late writers xerophthalmia, from Gr. UtipocptiaXpia. : disease of the e.'s, valetudo oculorum. || Fig. a) In trees, oculus. gemma (a bud, Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 153, different fm oculus) : to put forth e.'s, gemmare ; gem- mascere; gemmas agere. b) An e. in a peacock's tail or a butterfly's wing, oculus (see Plin. 8, 17, 23). c) Bull's-e., medium. To hit the bull's-e, medium ferire (C.Fat. 17, 39,flg.). d) The mind' t e, oculus (men- tis), acies mentis. EYE-BALL, pupula. pupilla.— a^ies ipsa, qua cerni- mus, quae pupula vocatur (C). EYE-BRIGHT (a plant), «euphrasia (Linn.). EYE EYE-BROW, supercilium. EYE-GLASS, *perspicillum. *vitmm oculare. To wear an e.-g., *oculos arte adjuvare. EYELESS. See Blind. EYELET, foramen (g. t. for any hole made by piercing). EYE-LID, palpebra: to move the e.-l.'s, palpebrare : movement of the e.-l.'s, palpebratio {in late writers). EYE-SALVE, collyrium. EYE-SERVANT, jactans officia (one that makes a great display of his service before his master, aft. Phcedr. 1,5, 16). — assentator. adulator (g. tt., a flatterer). EYE-SIGHT, to lose, amittere aspectus, us (C), lumina oculorum. To lose one's e.-s., ociilos amittere, perdere ; aspectum amittere : to restore aby's e.-s., ocu- los ci restituere. EYE-SORE. To be an e.-s. to aby, ci in visum or odiosum esse ; qm pungere or urere ; stimulum (nunc) esse ci (Com.). EYE-TOOTH, dens caninus. EYE-WATER, *liquor ophthalmicus ; *liquor ocu- lorum infirmitati medens. medicamentum oculorum ; pi. quae oculis medentur. EYE-WITNESS, oculatus testis (who saw that to wch he bears testimony ; opp. auritus testis, an ear-w., Plaut. True. 2, 6, 8) ; certus or certissitnus testis (g. t. a sure, credible w.); certus auctor (a credible voucher): to know fm e.-w.'s, certis testibus or certis auctoribus comperisse : I am an e.-w. of athg, qd ipse vidi (I satv something myself); ci rei interfui (/ was present at something): without e.-w.'s, remotis arbitris ; sine arbitris. FABLE, v. fabulose narrare qd.— fingere, commi- nisci qd (to feign, invent athg). — B^p" Fabulari occurs no where in this sense. FABLE, s. fabula. fabella (any fictitious narrative, any tale or story ; hence of any mythological story, j?Eso- pian fable, or dramatic piece ; both also with ficta, com- menticia, composita, or poetica). — apolbgus (a fable, as a vehicle to convey a moral lesson, as the f.'s of JEsnp, Phcedrus, fyc). — commentum. res commenticia. men- dacium (a fictitious story, untruth). — historia fabularis (the whole compass of mythology, Suet. Tib. 70). As the f. says, according to the f., ut est in fabulis; ut ferunt fabulae : truth is often conveyed in the form of /., sub fabulis velut involucris saepe Veritas latet : to be fond of f.'s, fabulis duci or delectari : to hold athg to be a /., falsum qd existimare. FABRIC, || Building, vid. || Texture, $c, tex- trinum (weaving). — textum, used subst. (poet, and post- Aug. prose). — textura (the manner in wch athg is woven). — tela (propr. the thread, the web). — IHgr fabrf ca refers propr. to the work of the faber, never to that of the textor. FABRICATE, || Propr.) fabricari (as a smith, car- penter, or the like). — texere (of a weaver). — conficere (g. t. to prepare). || Impropr.) fabricari, but only with some particular words (e. g. fallaciam). — fingere. com- minisci (to feign, invent a false tale, commin. men- dacium). — coquere. concoquere (concoct a tale). FABRICATION, || Propr.) fabricatio (C.).— fabrYca (propr. the workshop of a faber; then his art or any work of his ; and, impropr., of the scientific or artificial preparation of any structure or compound). — 1| Im- propr.) fictio (Q.). — confictio (C. as act). — res ficta or commenticia or ficta et commenticia. Monstrous f.'s, monstra, portenta: a mere /., mera mendacia (pi.). FABULIST, fabularum or apologorum scriptor (@£f fabulator denotes rather a teller of anecdotes, or one who listens lo anecdotes). FABULOUS, fabulosus (like a fable, p.vdwhr\s ; but also belonging to a fable or myth; e. g. gods). — fabu- laris (that belongs to or concerns a fable or mythology, p.v0iKos ; e. g. historia, Suet. Tib. 70). — Actus, commen- ticius. falsus (fictitious, untrue). — Jn. fictus et com- menticius. F. history, historia fabularis (the mythic and heroic history, Suet. Tib. 70); mythologia (Gramm.), or fabulae (the f.'s or myths collectively ; e. g. ut est in fabulis). FABULOUSLY, fabulose. FACE, facies (the f. in a physical point of view, as the forepart of the head, wch may include the coun- tenance, but does not do so necessarily; npovuTrov. Also impropr. of the first appearance of athg, e.g. loci, (334) FAC causae). — vultus (the countenance, as indicated by the eye, brow, fyc). — os (propr. the mouth; hence the cha- racter of the /., countenance, fyc, the emotions being expressed chiefly by the muscles of the mouth ; the proper word for f. = impudence). Jn. facies vultusque (C, S.); os vultusque; os et vultus.— frons (the fore- head, the brow, as indicating joy, shame, #c); Jn. oculi et frons. frons et vultus : before aby's /., coram qo ; inspectante or praesente qo; in conspectu cs : to see aby f. to /., praesentem or prope qm intueri ; praesens praesentem video : to praise aby to his /., laudare qm coram in os (Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5) ; prae- sentem qm laudare : a beautiful /., facies pulchra : a pretty f.( = woman), mulier lepida specie or facie venusta : a noble /., facies liberalis : to look aby in the /., intueri in cs os et oculos : to say athg to one's /., liberrime profited apud qm : to let aby say athg unpleasant to one's /., ci os ad male audiendum praebere : to lie on one's /., in os pronum jacere (g. t.); in faciem cubare (in bed; opp. supinum cubare) : to fall down on one's /., procumbere pronum in os ; pronum conefdere : athg bears on the f. of it that it is false, qd falsum se esse clamat (C; so calliditatem clamitare) : to speak the truth to his /., voces veras coram ingerere. To change the f. of the country, faciem loci vertere (T.) ; of the city, urbis faciem immutare (S.). An im- pudent or brazen /., os durum : aby has a hopelessly stupid f, vecordia prorsus inest in cs vultu: one might have seen there f.'s expressive of the most different emo- tions, varios vultus cerneres (L. 32, 48, extr.). Not to be able to look aby in the f., oculos ci submittere. To cheat aby before his f, oculos auferre ci (prov. L. 6, 15). To put a good f. on it, perfricare faciem (to lay shame aside) ; tendere confidentia vultum (Q. 11, 3, 160 ; speaking, however, of it as a faulty oratorical trick) ; qd fronte et vultu fero belle (C. Alt. 5, 10, 3 ; topretend not to be annoyed at what one really is annoyed at) ; in re mala animo bono uti (to make the best of a bad busi- ness). With what f . . . ? quo ore (e. g. ad eamredibo, quam contempserim, Ter.): you know the fellow's brazen f, nosti os hominis, nosti audaciam (C). \\ To make faces, os torquere or distorquere : to make the most extraordinary f.'s, ducere os exquisitis modis. || Front (of a building, #c), vid. |j Presence, oculi (eyes). — conspectus, aspectus (sight). To withdraw fm aby's f., abire ex oculis cs; recedere e conspectu cs: to avoid, his f, cs oculos or aspectum vitare; fugere cs conspectum. cs conspectu se subtrahere (+). FACE, v. || To be situated or placed oppo- site to, a) Generally, *exadversus qm stare ; con- tra qd esse or positum esse ; ex adverso positum esse (g. t. ; the first of persons, the others of things). — ex ad- verso constitutum esse (to be drawn up opposite; e. g. of ships). — exad versus qm pugnare (of persons standing opposite each other in hostile ranks) : to f. the enemy, castra castris hostium contulisse (to have pitched one's camp opp. the enemy's) ; in acie stare (to be drawn up in battle-array opp. the enemy, Plane, ap. C.Fam. 10, 23, 6). /3) With ref. to prospect, spectare qd. — despi- cere, prospicere, prospectare qd (prosp. to give a view of distant objects ; desp. to look down upon). Windows thatf. the street, versae in viam fenestrae : the window f.'s the garden, est a fenestra despectus in hortum (aft. Cces. B. G. 7, 45) ; this chamber has some windows that f. the garden, and others that f. the street, cubiculum aliis fenestris hortum, aliis despicit plateam (aft.Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 23) : this room f.'s the sea, cubiculum prospicit mare, or prospectum praebet ad mare. || To put a new front to, inducere (to coat with athg, qa re; e.g. marmore. See To Coat).— praetexere qd qa re or qd ci rei (e. g. qd purpura or purpuram ci rei ; poet. purpura praetexit qd, V.). — vestem limbo circumd&re (V., of a facing that forms an edge; also limbus obit chlamydem, O.). || Impropr.) Tof. dangers, death, fyc., see Encounter. || Intrans.) Tof. about, convertere signa (Cces., L.) : to f. about and march back to thecity, conversis signis retro in urbem redire (L. 8, 11). FACETIOUS, lepidus.facetus. festivus. salsus (Syn. in Facetiousness). — jocularis (jocose). A f. fellow, lepidum caput (Com.). A f. narrator, facetus narrator. FACETIOUSLY, lepide. facete. joculariter. FACETIOUSNESS, lepos. facetiae, festivitas (all three of harmless playful wit; lep. the lightest wit, opp. dull ponderous gravity ; fest. the more cheerful sort of wit, opp. gloomy seriousness ; facet, jocund wit, opp. sober seriousness). — sales (piquant wit, wch aims at a point, without ref. to the feelings of others. t-jt§f* dica- citas, satirical, and cavillatio, scoffing wit, that aims at mortifying another, do not belong here). FAC FACILITATE, qd facile or facilius reddere. — ex- pedire. explicare (to make a perplexed business more feasible, e. g. negotia). — adjuvare qm in re (Ter.), ad rem or ad qd faciendum (to assist aby in uthg, or to do athg). Literature f.'s the practice of virtue, ad virtutem colendam adjuvamur Uteris. FACILITY", facilitas (easiness, both objectively and with ref. to the small amount of exertion necessary to accomplish the object; also = readiness of speech, a pleasing fluency, fyc, opp. celeritas [ = an impetuous fluency], and loquendi tarditas, slow, sleepy delivery ; eloquendi facultas is the readiness of the speaker; fac. also = ' easiness of temper,' mly in a good sense, but also in a bad one. Suet.). See Easiness, Ease. || Fa- cilities (for doing athg), opportunitas idonea (fa- ciendi qd). To give aby great f.'s of doing athg, ci potestatem or copiam dare or facere cs rei; ci facul- tatem dare cs rei ; ci ansam dare or praebere cs rei, or ad qd faciendum : to possess great f.'s for or of fyc, potestas or facultas or copia cs rei mihi data or facta est ; aditum habeo cs rei or faciendi qd. FACING, s. (of a garment), prps limbus. FACING = opposite to, || a ) as adv. contra, ad- versus, exadversus, exadversum, all with ace— ex adverso (opposite a person or thing, the two being con- sidered as two sides or points). — e regione, with gen. of place, dat. of person (opp. each other, and extended in the same direction, the two being considered as two parallel lines. ^^ Not regione only in this sense, cf. Bremi, Suet. Cces. 39). — 1| /3) as adj. contrarius ; ci loco adversus et contrarius ; quod contra locum est or posi- tum est ; quod ex adverso or exadversum situm est, or positum est or jacet. FAC-SIMILE, descriptio imagoque literarum (C. Verr. 2, 77, 190) : to make af.-s., literas scripturae assi- milare et exprimere (ib. § 189). FACT, factum. This is a /., or I know this to be a /., hoc certo auctore comperi. F.'s, res (pi.); facta (pi.). The composition of a history depends upon the f.'s and the words used to convey them, exaedificatio his- torias posita est rebus et verbis : to pass fm fables to f.'s, ut jam a fabulis ad facta veniamus : the f. being undisputed, quum esset controversia nulla facti (of the act having been committed). \\ In fact, revera. reapse. re et veritate (really, not merely in words). — sane, profecto (as a form of asseveration). FACTION. See (political) Party. To deliver the Roman people fm an oligarchical /., populum Roma- num factione paucorum oppressum in libertatem vin- dicare (Cces.) FACTIOUS, seditiosus (of persons or things; e. g. oratio, concio, voces). — rerum evertendarum or rerum novarum cupidus. — rerum mutationis cupidus. — tur- bulentus. Jn. seditiosus ac turbulentus. B-gyT Not factiosus, wch means ' one who has a large body of fol- lowers, a party,' fyc. : its only approach to the meaning of 'factious' is when it is implied that the person aims at being the head of a party. FACTIOUSLY, seditiose. — (*improbo) partium studio. FACTIOUSNESS, partium studium (party spirit). — *seditiosum et turbulentum ingenium. FACTITIOUS, facticius (post-Aug.; Plin.). FACTOR, 1) In arithmetic, *numerus multipli- cans. 2) An agent, fyc, qui procurat cs rationes et negotia. The f. (of a commercial company, %c), ♦cura- tor negotiorum societatis cs. FACTORY, 1) A storehouse, mercium horreum. 2) A colony, colonla: to settle a f. anywhere, colo- niam or colonos deducere qo. FACTOTUM. To be aby'sf., cs tapanta ( T « -rravTa) esse (Pelron. 37) ; omnium rerum cs transactorem et ministrum esse : he was their f., eum in omni procura- tion rei actorem auctoremque habebant. FACULTY, || Talent, ability, $c, ingenium (in- nate quality or power of mind, talent, genius; esply the power of perpetually forming new ideas; inventive fa- culty).— sollertia (skill, talent in the working out of ideas). — docilitas (aptness to learn, cleverness) — ingenii facultas (a single power of the mind, see C. de Or. 2, 80, 433; hence never of the mental f.'s together, for wch the Latins said simply ingenium). — facultas, with gen. (power and skill for athg ; e. g. for speaking, dicendi ; in plur. also absol. facultates, /.'*, C. de Invent. 1, 27, extr.). || The vital faculty, vis vitalis (the vital principle in nature). — animus, anima (the vital prin- ciple in man, to eiriOvuriTiKov). — venae (the veins, as the seat of the vital principle; see Heindorf. adH. Sat. 2, 3, 153). // the soul were nothing more or greater than the vital /., si nihil esset in animo, nisi ut per (335) FAI eum viveremus. || Faculty in the universities, ordo : the theological /., *venerandus theologorum ordo: thef. of law, *illustris jurisconsultorum ordo. FAD OLE. See To Trifle. FADE, deflorescere (propr. of flowers; also fig. e. g. of delights ; amores et deliciae mature et celeriter de- florescunt, Q.). — marcere (to wither ; propr. of garlands, fyc, poet.; impropr. L. ; not C. or Cces.). — marcescere (to begin to wither; not C. or Cats: Plin.; also im- propr. of colours ; Plin. 37, 9, 41). — emarcescere (only fig. and extremely rare). — decolorari or decolorem fieri (to lose its colour ; g. t.) — flaccescere (to grow flaccid by losing its moisture; frons, Vitr.). — || Trans.) To cause to fade ( = wither), either Crcl. with effi- cere ut deflorescat, marceat, &c ; marcidum reddere ; or siccare, torrere, torrefacere (to dry up). — || To cause to fade ( = grow pa ler), colorem ex qa re eripere (to take out the colour ; e. g., solis radii lam- bendo colorem . . . eripiunt) ; *pallidum or decolorem reddere. — hebetare (to make a bright object dull; Plin.). || Faded, marcidus (mly poet, and post-Aug.). — mar- cens (mly poet. ; both also impropr.). — qui (quae, quod) defloruit. FADING, s. Crcl. — Jg»^" marcor (e. g. of the lungs, of crops that are diseased, $c.) does not belong here. FAG, || Intrans.) To languish, grow faint ; see Languish, Faint. || To work hard at a study (colloq.), elaborare in re. operamdare ci rei. in- cumbere in qd : to f. hard at athg, animo toto et studio omni in qd incumbere ; desudare et laborare in qa re. — 1| Trans.) To fatigue, vid. FAG-END, rejicula (pi. ; the worst or rejected part). FAGOT, sarmentum (small twigs or boughs, whether green or dry). A bundle of f.'s, fascis or fasciculus saimentorum. Fagots, sarmenta arida (£.). FAGOT, v. colligare.— fasciatim colligare (but the word fasciatim is objected to by Q.). — uno vinculo copu- lare (L.). FAIL, || a) With ref. to insufficient supply, diminished intensity, fyc, deesse (to be wanting ; said of something, the absence of wch renders the thing incomplete ; ci or ci rei, and absol. ; it is also used in the sense of failing aby, — not assisting him, not per- forming him an expected service ; deesse ci, reipublicae, amicis, occasioni temporis, &c). — deficere (to begin to f. ; def. of a commencing, deesse, of a completed state ; def. ci or qm, or, very cmly, absol. ; fides, tempus, voces, vires defic. qm [vires defic. ci, Cces.] ; materia, frumentum, &c. def. ; (1) also in the sense of aby's cou- rage f.'s, qs animo deficit or deficit only.— ^^° and (2) of a bankrupt, defici facultatibus, defectum esse facultatibus, Ulp. — jgg^" Defici qa, re is also used; e.g. mulier abundat oratione, consilio et ratione deficitur, C). — qd mihi non suppetit (no adequate supply of it is present). — deminui (to be diminished ; of strength, fyc. — H§gp° Not diminui). — minui. minuere (to lessen ; on the intrans. use of minuere, see Herz. ad Cces. B. G. 3, 12). — cessare (not to manifest itself, #c. ; very seld. not prce-Aug. ; e. g. cessat voluntas, H.). — hebescere (to grow dull; of one's sight, spirit, fyc). — senescere (to grow old and so weaker, of persons or things). — in- clinari (to turn, and so depart fm the highest point ; also timore inclinatur qs, aby's courage f.'s). — infirmari (to be weakened; e. g. fides testis infirmatur, a witness f.'s in his cross-examination).— siccari (to be dried up ; e.g. fontes ; fluvii, both 0.). — arescere siccitate (also of fountains, but impropr.; Auct. ad Herenn. 4, 6,^72.). — My strength f.'s, viribus deficior or senesco ; vires ex- tenuantur, deficiunt : memory f.'s, memoria labat, minuitur; deficior memoria. Aby's hope f.'s, extenua- tur cs spes et evanescit (C): my hope of uthg f.'s, cs rei spes mihi discedit. His left eye failed him when he grew old, qs in senecta sinistro oculo minus vidit (Suet. Oct. 79).— 1| /3) With reference to non-ful- filment of athg, non-performance of what was expected or hoped, $c. To f, ad or in irrf- tum cadere (to come to nothing) ; ad irritum redigi (both of hopes, Sfc.).— propositum non assgqui ; fine excldere (to f. of one's object). — errare. labi (in qa re: to com- mit a fault) : to f. disgracefully, turpissime labi in qa re. He would not pursue an object when there was a possibility of his failing, spem infinitam persequi noluit. To f. a friend, amico deesse ; amicum destituere, &c. [See Abandon]. To f. in the performance of a duty, officio deesse or non satisfacere : not to f. in the per- formance of any duty, nullam partem officii deserere ; towards aby, nullum munus officii ci reliquum facere. / have never failed you in the performance of kind offices, tibi nullum a me pietatis officium defuit : not to f. in attention, diligence, $c, nihil de diligentia sua FAI remittere. I will notf. you, non deero (will not with- draw my assistance) ; in me non erit mora (no delay, hindrance, fyc. shall be caused by me). \\ y) To be- come bankrupt; see Bankrupt, and Remark on deficere above. — 6) \\ Followed by inf. Not to f. to do athg, non remittere qd facere (of never neglect- ing a precaution one has once adopted, §c, neque re- mittit, quid ubique hostis ageret, explorare, S.). — re- cipio tibi (vobis, &c.) me qd facturum esse (I under- take to do it). Athg cannot f. to 8jc. ; see ' athg Must.' Ahy f.'s to perform his promises, non exsolvit qs, quod promiserat ; qs promissum non preestat; fidem non persolvit ; fidem suam non liberat. FAIL, s. frustratio (want of success ; Q. 2, 3). Without f, sine frustratione (without ever being unsuc- cessful ; Q. ib.); but mly by adverbs meaning Cer- tainly; vid. FAILING. See Fault. FAILURE, || With ref. to insufficient supply, diminished intensity, 8ec, defectio (e.g. virium, C). — defectus (e g. lactis; in this sense nearly confined to the elder Plin.). — inopia (ivant ; cs rei), or Crcl. with deficere, deesse, &c. [see To FailI ; e. g. unless fm a f. of memory, nisi memoria forte defecerit. A f. of the crops, sterilitas frugum or annonae : there was a f. of the crops, male perceptisuntfructus : the long continued drought had occasioned a partial f. of the crops, fru- mentum propter siccitates angustius provenerat (Cces.): that year was remarkable for the want of rain and consequent f. of the crops, siceitate et inopia fru- gum insignis annus fult (L.). — || With ref. to the non-fulfilment of what was expected, fyc. : (1) successus nullus (the want of success); or Crcl. with ad irrttum cadere, redigi : the attempt was a /., male gessit rem. *res ci parum prospere processit, successit or cessit (the two last Np.): lite attempt seems at pre- sent a /., quod agic qs, parum procedit (Ter.).— (2) With ref. to promises, fyc; Crcl. with the verbs de- noting ' to perform a promise :' upon the f. of ahy's promises, si quis falso promiserit ( + ), or promissum non fecerit, effecerit, praestiterit, &c. — 1| Of fountains, %c. Crcl. ; the f of the springs, *siccati fontes. — || Bankruptcy, vid. FAIN, adj. Aby was f. to do athg, fecit qs animo lubentissimo, ut &c. (C. : if the notion of glad con- sent is prominent); coactus est qd facere (if the no- tion of compulsion is prominent) ; non recusavit qd facere, or non modo non recusavit qd facere, sed etiam libenter &c. — facile pati (with ace. and inf.). FAIN, adv. libenter (or lubenter) ; animo libenti or libenti proclivoque ; non invito animo (see Gladly). Often by Crcl. with velle or by nom. lubens, volens, non invitus. I would /., velim, vellem (the pres. express- ing rather an inner necessity, urgency; the imperf. re- ferring more to a condition ; if this were but possible). FAINT, || Inclined to faint ; Crcl. with verbs under 'To Faint. — 1| Deprived of strength, fyc, languidus. — lassus. fessus. defessus (wearied ; opp. integer; Syn. in Fatigued): to beco me /., langues- cere. elanguescere. a viribus defici : to be f, languere. — 1| Impropr.) Not lively or fresh, languidus. — languens (without strength or life; of colour, look, voice, 8fc). A f. colour, color languidus, lentus (not lively) ; color dilutus (washy). To grow or become /., langues- cere, evanescere: to be /., languere. — 1| Feeble, vid. — 1| Timid, vid. || To damn with f. praise, maligne laudare qd (H. Ep. 2, 1, 209); *qm frigide laudare or *qm tarn frigide laudat qs, ut paene castigare videa- tur. FAINT, v. || Propr.) animus me relinquit or (post- Aug.) linquit— animus me deficit (esply fm excessive heat, per aestum). — animo linquor (post- Aug.). — animo linquor submittorque genu (to fall down in a fainting- fit). I am lying in a fainting-fit, animus me reliquit or liquit ; anima defecit (see above) ; also torpeo (see Curt. 3, 6, 14). Fainting, torpens. — 1| Impropr.) To be dispirited ; see Dispirited. FAINT-HEARTED. See Cowardly, Timid. FAINT-HEARTEDNESS. See Cowardice. FAINTING-FIT, subita (animae) defectio (Suet. Cat. 50). — fl§||r Animae deliquium is not Lat., animae de- fectus uncertain. To fall into af.-f. ; see To Faint. FAINTLY. See Feebly, Timidly. FAINTNESS, || State of being faint, animae defectio (Cels.) or defectio only. See Fainting-fit. — || Feebleness, vid. FAIR, || Beautiful, vid. — 1| Of weather, winds, #c, serenus (bright, cloudless, of the sky and weather). sudus (se-udus, not wet; not rainy; of the wind and ■weather). — secundus (favorable ; of the wind). F. (336) FAI weather, serenum ; serenitas (or serenitates, opp. im- bres, Col.); sudum. — idonea tempestas (with ref. to a voyage ; for sailing, ad navigandum) : the weather being f, sereno; serenitate: when it is f, ubi serenum or sudum est: whilst it is f, dum sudum est: calm and f. weather, tranquilla serenitas : it is becoming /., dis- serenascit (L.); but disserenat (Plin.) = it is f; when the weather is f. and without wind, quum serenum at- que placidum est. A f wind, ventus secundus or prosper or idoneus: to sail with a f. wind, ad occasio- nem aurae evehi (Suet. Oct 87) : to have the ivind /., ventum nactum esse secundum (Cces.): with a very f. wind, secundissimo vento. — 1| Equitable, asqu'us. Justus (Syn. in Equitable). — modicus (moderate; of price). It isf, aequum, verum (cf. L. 3, 49, fin.), par, jus, fas est, with inf., or ace. and infin.: to make a f. demand; to ask only what is f, aequa postulare. / think itf, aequum censeo. — 1| Clear (vid.), clarus (of tet- ters, writing, fyc). To write out f, prps pure describere (Gell. 9, 13, where, however, the meaning is different). To write a f. hand, *clare scribere. — || Of comp lexion, 8fc, candidus (of a dazzling fairness, #c, puella; hu- meri, colla, cervix, ora, &c. ).— clari colons, claro colore (bright coloured). — pallidus (pale). — subpallidus (rather pale). Poetical expressions are lacteus ( V.), and lacteblus (Catull. ; milk-white). — niveus (snow white). — eburneus (like ivory).— \\ Miscellaneous phrases. To have f. play, libere agere orfacere posse (to have full liberty of action) ; in suo jure non or a nullo impediri (not to have one's rights encroached upon) ; aequos or incornip- tos or incorruptosatque integros habere judices (to have impartial judges). Having a f. outside, speciosus (a, um) pelle decora (H.) : by f. means, cum gratia (e. g. impetro, quod postulo, Ter.); cum bona gratia (opp. cum mala gratia, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17): by f. means or foul, *cum gratia aut per vim; *aut precibus aut vi : to wish to stand f. with aby, ci placere velle ; apud qm in gratia poni velle. FAIR, s. mercatus (also as the place). — status in quosdam dies mercatus (T. Hist. 3, 30, 1); |$§|~nun- dtnae = a weekly market. A much frequented /., mer- catus frequens : to appoint a /., mercatum instituere : to hold a /., mercatum habere : to go or come to af, to visit it, ad mercatum ire or proficisci or venire. FAIR-COMPLEX10NED. See Fair (of com- plexion); end of article. FAIR-DEALING. See Honesty. FAIR-FACED. See Fair, adj. (end of article). FAIRING, *nundinale munusculum. FAIRNESS, [I Beauty, vid.— 1| Equity, vid.— || Of complexion, candor (dazzling whiteness). — cum candore mixtus rubor (white and red beautifully mixed; C). — color exsanguis (extreme paleness). — pal- lor, pallidus color (paleness). FAIR-SPOKEN, blandus.— blandiloquus (Plant.).— perblandus (all of a flatteringly courteous person or manner). — perfectus ad persuadendum (persuasive). See Courteous, Plausible. FAIRY, Iggp^in /. tales, ' a fairy did so and so,' may be translated by diva quaedam ; in other cases *fea, quae dicitur may prps be used, for no Lat. word exists that can give the notion. See Elf. FAITH, || Belief, conviction, opinio (a person's notion ; his conviction, right or wrong; in athg, de re). — persuasio (firm conviction of athg; firm f. in athg, cs rei). — fides (credit, credibility ; and hence con- fidence) : f. in the existence of a God, opinio Dei : faith in immortality, by immortalitas («5 C. Tusc. 1, 32, 77: nemo me de immortalitate depellet): to have f. in athg, qd esse credere (to hold a thing as true or real, opp. negare esse qd); *ci rei vim salutarem tribuere (to ascribe efficacy to a thing ; e.g. to a remedy); ci or ci rei fidem habere, tribuere ; ci fidem adjungere (8§gg? = not dare or adhibere) ; ci or ci rei credere (to believe it) ; ci rei servire (to regulate one's conduct by it; e. g. in- certis rumoribus, see Cces, B. G. 4, 5, extr.) : to put no f. in aby, fidem ci abrogare or denegare. — 1| Fide- lity, faithfulness ; see Fidelity: in good /., bona fide (e. g. bona or optima fide polliceri qd ; also fide sua spondere, Plin. Ep.) : to hold f. with aby, fidem servare, conservare, praestare: to break one's f. with aby, fidem fallere, mutare, frustrari; fidem non ser- vare; fidem frangere or violare.— 1| Confident re- liance, fiducia (v. pr.). — fides (/. in aby's ho- nour). — spes firma. spes certa (assured hope). To put one's f. in aby or athg, fidere or conhdere ci or ci rei; fretum esse qo or qa re (to build upon him or it); fiduciam habere cs rei (to place one' 's confidence in il). To put too much f. in, nimis confidere. F. in aby, fiducia cs ; spes et fiducia cs (Cces.) : /. in me, you, $c. FAI fiducia mei, tui (in Plant, mea, tua fiducia) : full of /., fiducia; plenus: to place one's whole f. in aby, se totura ci committere : to have no f. in aby, ci diffidere. — 1| In an ecclesiastical sense, fides [faith in a subjective sense; cf. Virg. JEn. 4, 12). — doctrina. for- mula, lex [in an objective sense, the doctrine, know- ledge, or law of f. ; lex Christiana in Ammian. 25, 10). — religio (g. t. religion, also the Christian; see Lact. 5, 2, 8 ; so also religio Christiana in Eutrop. 10, 16 [8], extr. ; Arnob. 3, p. 126, Elm.). — sacra, orum, n. ; or cul- tus (external Christian ftc . w orship ; cultus Christia- rnis, Ammian. 21, 2, 4) — 8HJT Of course, whenever the Christian or any other f. is meant, an addition, as Christi or Christianus (a, um, or Christianorum ; so also Muhammedi, &c.) must be used, unless the context allows the omission. To profess the Christian /., legis Christiana? esse studiosum (Ammian. 1. c.) ; Christum sequi: to adopt the Christian /., sacra Christiana susci- pere (of a whole people, aft. L. 1, 31): to change one's /., adopt another /., *sacra patria deserere (to forsake t':ef. of one's fathers, of a Jew, %c); *mutare sacrorum i'ormulam : to contend for one's f., pro religionibus suis bellum (bella) suscipere (to undertake a war or wars for it; C. Font. 9, 20); pro religionibus suis pugnare (to contend for it, to defend it with the sw ord, I . c). An article of /., *caput doctrina; sacra; ( g^IT caput or articulus fidei is barbarous): a profession of f, *pro- fessio, quid sentias de rebus divinis (wch is made) ; ♦formula Christiana, lex Christiana (the Christian doc- trine and law ; the latter, Ammian. 25, 10). FAITH, adv. (as exclamation) nae (in C. at beginning of sentence before a personal pron. nae tu, ille, &c). — profecto. sane, certe (particles of asseveration). — Hercle (by Hercules). — per Jovem (by Jupiter). — ita me dii ament (as I wish to be saved). FAITHFUL, fidus. fidelis (fidus denoting a natural quality, with relative praise; fidelis, a moral virtue with absol. praise ; Dod.). — certus (sure ; on whom one can rely; trustworthy). — verus (true). A f. friend, amicus certus, firmus, constans, firmus et constans, fidus, fidelis, or fidelis et firmus : a f. historian, scrip- tor, qui ad historiae fidem narrat: a f. slave, servus fidelis (domino); servus fideli in dominum animo: a f. likeness, pictura ad rei similitudinem picta ; pictura veritati similis : a f. copy, exemplum accurate de- scriptum (of a writing); imitatio ad similitudinem rei effecta : /. subjects, cives, qui in officio permanent : to remain f. to aby, fidum manere ci ; fidem servare or tenere (g. tt.); in fide or in officio cs manere or per- manere (esply of subjects or other dependents). — |] The faithful (in Eccl. sense), veram Christi doctrinam sequentes. — Christiana; legis studiosi (Ammian. 25, 10, 15). FAITHFULLY, fideliter (conscientiously; with ref. to the obligations of duty). — bona fide, cum fide (as an honorable man). — vere (truly). FAITHFULNESS. See Fidelitt. FAITHLESS, || Unfaithful, perfYdus. perfidiosus (one who deliberately violates the obligations of duty by breaking faith with aby; perfidiosus of him who does this habitually). — infidelis (utterly without the virtue of fidelity ; opp. fidelis). — inf idus (without even natural trustworthiness; opp. fidus). — || Unbelieving, qui non facile adduci potest, ut credat (g. t.). — *qui veram Christi religionem non profitetur (in a Christian sense). To be f. ; see 'to break one's Faith.' FAITHLESSLY, perfide. perfidiose. infideliter. To deal /., perfide or fraudulenter agere. mala fide or dolose agere. FAITHLESSNESS, perfidia (faithlessness, treache- rousness; deliberately violating the obligations by wch a person is bound towards aby). — infidelitas (/. towards aby to whom one was bound to be true ; thus, Labienus infidelitatem ejus sine ulla. perfidia judicavit comprimi posse, Hirt. B. G. 8, 23). To be guilty of /., see 'to break one's Faith.' FALCATED, falcatus. FALCHION. See Scimitar. FALCON, falco (in Serv. V.Mn. 10, 145, and Linn.). — accipiter (the common hawk; *falco palumbarius, Linn.). FALCONER, «falconarius. FALCONET, *tormentum bellicum, quod falco vo- catur, or fm context *falco only. FALCONRY, *venatio falconum ope instituta (as a pursuit). — *ars falconaria (as an art). FALL, v. a) = to fall down; fall to the ground, niineiv. A) || Propr.) cadere (v. pr. in nearly all the meanings of the English word; e.g. of the falling of persons, of rain, snow, dice, %c). — decYdere {337; ' FAL (to f. down, fm athg re or ex re).— excYdere (to f. out of athg, qa re, ex or de re). — incYdere. illabi (to f. or slip into; into athg, in qd; e.g. incidere in foveam : to f. into the sea, illabi mari ; but incidere also = to f. upon athg ; e. g. to f. upon aby's legs, of a stone, fyc, incY- dere in cs crura ; also super qm or qd t). — labi (to slip, fyc. denotes the commencement of falling, and therefore expresses less than cadere; cf. C. Phil. 2, 21, init., labentem et paene cadentem rempublicam ful- cire). — delabi (to slip or slide down; fm athg, de qa re; e. g. annulus sponte de digito delapsus est). — defluere (prop, to flow down ; e. g. fm heaven, as rain ; then e. g. to slip or slide down imperceptibly or unobserved to the ground, as a chaplet fm aby's head). To f. upon aby, ruina sua comprimere qm (of what f.'s with a crushing weight) : a slippery way on wch one can scarcely stand or walk without falling or slipping, via lubrica, qua in- sistere aut ingredi sine casu qo aut prolapsione vix possis (C. Ccecin. 17, 41): to f. into the sea, fyc. (of rivers), in mare effundi or se effundere ; in mare fluere, influere ; in mare erumpere (to break a way by force) : to f. towards, prolabi : to f. fm heaven, de ccelo labi, defluere (of rain) : to f. fm a carriage, curru excfiti ; curru excYdere (O. Fast. 6, 743): to f. down stairs, labi per gradus ; per gradus praecipitem ire (of a more vio- lent f.): to f. fm a horse, labi ex equo; cadere ex (de) equo ; decidere (ex) equo ; defluere ex equo in terram (to sink fm a horse, of a wounded person, #c). To f. down at aby's feet, knees, $c., see under Foot, Knee: the leaves f. fm the trees, folia ex arboribus decYdunt : fruit f.'s fm the trees, fructus defluit; poma cadunt, decYdunt (all three, whether ripe or not) : to let one's toga f. fm the shoulders, togam de humero dejicere : to let athg /., excYdit ci qd manu or de (ex) manibus ; delabitur ci qd de manibus (unintentionally) ; amittere qd de manu or manibus (through carelessness) ; dimit- tere de manibus ; omittere qd (voluntarily to let go, to throw away; e.g. one's shield, arms; both also fig. e.g. to give up; dimittere, e. g. one's right; omittere, e.g. hope). To f. into poverty, ad inopiam delabi (T.); into a fault, in vitium delabi (C). To f. to the ground ( = be lost, unheeded, of a saying), excYdere; in terram defluere (both C, Lcel. 15, 68). To f. asleep, see Asleep. To f. into a passion, a fit; to f. in love, fyc; to f. a sacrifice to, see the substt. Prov. He has fallen on his feet, haud stulte sapit (Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 32). b) To fall (down), of what also f.'s to pieces, concY- dere (of buildings, e.g. conclave, turris, &c). — procY- dere (to f. forwards, muri pars; also of trees). — col- labi. prolabi (to sink down, esply of falling down fm age). — corruere. proruere (violently with a crash. The compounds of pro also implying motion forwards). To f. down fm old age, aetate prolabi: to threaten to /., ruinam minari ; in ruinam pronum esse. B) Fig. 1) to f. in war, battle, fyc, cadere (cmly with prcelio or in prcelio, acie or in acie, bello); concYdere in prcelio; occYdere in bello : to f. by aby's hand, cadere, occYdere, interire or perire a qo : to f. fighting, pugnantem ca- dere: to f. by assassination, per insidias interfici: to f. fighting for one's country, pro patria cadere: Eudemus fell in the battle near Syracuse, Eudemus prcelians ad Syracusas occYdit. 2) T o be taken, of a town, ex- pugnari. deleri (to be destroyed fm the foundation. 3) In a wider sense (e.g. to lose one's credit, dignity and power, innocence), cadere, corruere (in respect of credit and power) : to begin to /., labi (see C. Rab. Post. 16, 43 ; labentem excepit . . . nee amicum pendentem corruere patitur); auctoritatem suam amittere (in respect of in- fluence); benevolentiam cs amittere; in odium cs incY- dere ; in odium ci venire (in respect of favour with a prince, %c); pudicitiam amittere, vitiari (in respect of innocence, of a female). \\ To f. = to come upon, 8fC, to denote the sudden and unexpected attainment of athg, or happening of athg. Athg (e.g. a book) f.'s into my hands, qd incYdit in manus (Tvyxdvw nror): to f. into the hands (power) of aby, in manus cs incY- dere, venire : to f. into the hands of one's pursuers, *ab insequentibus hostibus deprehendi: to f. among rob- bers, pirates, inter latronum globum incYdere (aft. L. 25, 39); in turbam praedonum decYdere (H.); a prae- donibus capi (Suet. Cces. 4) : to f. into an ambuscade, in insidias incYdere, intrare; insidiis circumveniri : to f. ill, in morbum incYdere; morbo corripi; adversam valetudinem contrahere : to f. ill of a disease, see Dis- ease: to f. into a swoon, $c., see Swoon, &c. : to f. into suspicion with aby, cadere in suspicionem cs. Hence to f. is, a) gen. to come to any place; e.g. the rays of light f. on any place, lumen penetrat qo : the light f.'s fm above into the house, *lumen supeme domus occipit. b) to light upon, to befall; sus- FAL picion f.'s upon aby, suspicio cadit in qm : the guilt f.'s upon aby, culpa confertur in qm or attribuitur ci : the lot f.'s on me, sors contingit me : the choice f.'s upon aby, eligitur et creatur cs. c) to happen within a certain space; of a time, a feast, fyc, cadere, incidere, in with ace. : to f. in the same period, in idem tempus inctdere : the age of Romulus f.'s in a century, when fyc, in id saeculum Romuli cadit aetas, quum &c. : the money f.'s due on that day, numi cadunt in eum diem : athg f.'s upon a day, qd incidit in qm diem (e. g. in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria, facies me certiorem, C, quum in calendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies inoidisset). d) To be, in expres- sions such as, it f.'s very hard upon me, aegre or moleste fero qd (i. e. I am displeased, dissatisfied); in me unum qd incumbit (f.'s heavily on me alone; e.g. inclinatio communium temporum, C). e) Athg f.'s upon me. a) I bear the loss (in any transaction), damnum ex qa re capio. /3) I must undertake it myself; e.g. all oppressive burdens, wch formerly were common, fell upon the principal men of the state, omnia onera, quae communia quondam fuerant, inclinata sunt in primores civitatis : the children f. upon the mother only, matri soli liberi sunt educandi. 7) I bear the blame of a thing, culpa in me confertur or transfertur; culpa mini attribuitur. f) to come into the possession of aby, to fall to his share or lot, obtingit mihi qd (esply by lot or choice, when it is somewhat accidental). — venit or obvenit mihi qd (by good luck, lot, or choice, more ivith ref. to the effect or consequence of it). — con- tingit mihi qd (cmly of some favour of fortune; e. g. commoda). — nandscor qd (/ obtain it by chance or lot, without any co-operation of mine). — redit qd ad me (athg comes to me fm or after another possessor; athg becomes my properly). An inheritance has fallen to me, see Inheritance : aby's property f.'s to me by law, cs bona lege ad me redeunt. The province of Syria falls to the lot of Scipio, Scipioni Syria obvenit or obtigit. || To sink, be diminished, decrease in height, a) Propr ) of a cloud, §c, delabi. — desidere (to settle on the ground) : the water of this fountain rises and f.'s three times in the day, hie tons ter in die crescit decres- citque : the barometer f.'s, *Mercurius (in tubo Torri- celliano) descendit. b) Impropr.) fig., a) of the voice, the tone, cadere: to let the voice /., vocem re- mittere (in delivery) ; *voce inclinata canere (in sing- ing), b) to lessen, diminish, of price, %c, minui; imminui: the price of corn has fallen, annona laxat, levatur : an article f.'s in price, *pretium mercis immi- nuitur; *res fit vilior : his authority has fallen, aucto- ritas ejus imminuta est. Fall away = revolt, desert. See Fall off, Impropr. b) Fall back, || Retire, vid. || To have athg to f. b. upon, est ci regressus (ad qd); regressum habere ad qd (e. g. ut si domestici imperii taedeat, sit regressus ad principem patresque, they might be able to f. b. upon, fyc, T.Ann. 12, 10, fin.). Fall off, decYdere. See under Fall, A 1). Im- propr.) a) decrease, minui. imminui; in flesh, cor- pus amittere (opp. corpus facere). b) desert, revolt, deficere, desciscere a qo (to aby, ad qm) ; deserere qm (leaving him in difficulties). Fall on or upon, || Propr.) vid. under Fall, Al). To f. upon aby's neck, in cs collum invadere (with im- petuosity, C. Phil. 2, 31, fin.) ; brachia cs collo or manus cs cervicibus injicere. cs cervices manibus amplecti. || To rush towards with violence or hostility, in- vadere, irruere, involare in with ace. (to f. u. a coun- try, aby's possessions, fyc.). To f. u. = attack, vid. To f. u. the enemy, the rear, the flank, fyc. See At- tack, and the substt. Flank, Rear. Fall out, Propr.) excidere (of teeth, swords fm the hand ; aby fm a ship, $c.), re, ex or de re (e. g. gladii de manibus). || Impropr. a) To happen, vid. b) = quarrel, vid. Fall short, deficere ci or qm (to fail, opp. super- esse). Provisions, wine, began to f. s., res frumentaria, vinum qm deficere ccepit. • Fall under. To f. u. the dominion of aby, in cs ditionem venire; sub cs imperium ditionemque ca- dere ; sub nutum ditionemque cs pervenire. FALL, s. || A falling down, or the state or condition of falling, casus (g. t. also of the f. of a tower or other high building). — lapsus (a slipping, sliding, esply a f. in consequence of a false step ; then also of a landslip, terrae lapsus). — ruina (a f. of a great mass, of a chamber, tower, Sfc). — labes (a gradual /., esply of the earth, terrae). To have a /., cadere; labi (to slip out or down) : to have a severe f., graviter cadere (338) FAL or conctdere (poet.). || Fig. a) e.g. destruction, ruina (both of a state and of a mercantile house, in wch last sense we may say ruinze fortunarum mercatoris cs, aft. C.Cat. 1, 6, 14).— excidium (e.g. the destruction of a state, e. g. of Carthage). — casus (the destruction of a person), b) the fall of a person fm the height of his dignity, *amissa cs auctoritas or dignitas ; *amissa principis gratia (loss of the favour of a prince). || Diminution in the height of a liquid body, decessus. recessus (esply the ebb of the tide; see Ebb) : the f. of the barometer, *descensus mercurii (in tubo Torricelliano). Af. of water, delapsus aquae. To have a f. for water (of a field), delapsum aquae habere. FALLACIOUS. See Deceitful, Deceptive. FALLACIOUSLY. See Deceitfully, Decep- tively. FALLACIOUSNESS. See Deceit, Deception. FALLACY, || Fallaciousness. See Deceit, Deception. || Sophism, sophisma, -atis, ».— con- clusiuncula fallax. cavillatio. captio dialectica or so- phistica (Syn. in Sophism). To detect a /., sophisma diluere ; captionem refellere or discutere. FALLIBILITY, Crcl. Fallibility belongs to men, humanum est errare. FALLIBLE, qui errare, labi, falli potest. Sts also fallax. FALLING OUT. See Quarrel. FALLING-SICKNESS, morbus comitialis. vitium comitiale ( flgHT epilepsia occurs first in later writers) : to have the f.-s , morbo comitiali correptum esse (in a single case) ; morbo comitiali laborare (to be subject to it) : one that has it, comitialis. See Epilepsy. FALLOW, adj. sine cultu : the land lies f., ager cessat, quiescit, requiescit, cultu vacat : to lie f. every alternate year (of land), alternis cessare (poet.) : to let land lie f. every other year, relinquere agrum alternis annis (Varr.) : to let the land lief., *quietem dare agro: that does not lie f., restibilis. FALLOW, s. vervactum (a field wch, after a time of rest, is again ploughed and sown).— ager noval.s. novale (a field wch, after two yean' rest, is ploughed up and sown). — veteretum (afield that has for a very long lime lain f.): to sow a /., frumentum serere in terra, quae proximo anno quievit. FALLOW, v. agrum novare, proscindere, vervagere [Syn. in Fallow, s.]. FALSE, 1) Not genuine, adulterinus (counterfeit, opp. verus, bonus; as a key, money, a seal, %c.).— falsus (forged, falsified, opp. verus). Jn. falsus et corruptus (e. g. a letter). — subditus. suppositus (suppo- sititious, as a will, fyc). — alienus (that does not belong to us; e. g. libellos sub alieno nomine edere, Suet. Oct. 55). — simulatus (feigned, pretended, opp. verus; e.g. j°y> friendship, piety). — fucatus. fucosus (that has only an outward good appearance, opp. sincerus, pr<)bu>»> ; e. g. goods, friendship, fyc). — fallax (deceitful, cheat- ing ; e. g. hope). Jn. fallax et fucosus (e. g. goods). — ementitus (made as a lying imitation of the true thing). Jn. ementitus et fictus (C). F. teeth, dentes empti (Mart. 14, 56): /. hair, capillamentum : in a f. man ner, see Falsely. || Not upright, not true, fal- sus (g. t. who is not what he appears to be, not open- hearted). — fallax (that is used to cheat and deceive, de- ceitful). — fraudulentus (that has a disposition to cheat, and accordingly does cheat). — dolosus (that proceeds or acts unconscientious^ and deceitfully). How f. thou art! ut falsus es animi! (Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.) 2) Not true, falsus (e.g. intelligence, news, suspi- cion, hope, witness, testimony; a prophet, vates, L. ; friends, Plant. ; judgements, opinions, charges, H). — fictus (feigned). — commenticius (imaginary); Jn. falsus fictusque (e. g. witnesses, testes). A f. oath, perjurium : to take a f. oath, perjurare; pejerare (to take a f. oath with the will or designedly ; not to be confounded with falsum jurare ; i. e. net designedly, unintentionally, in the belief that the thing is really so ; see C. Off. 2, 29, 108). Z)Not right, not so as the thing ought to be, falsus. — *perperam or male positus (wrongly put, as a number, word) : f. measure, mensura non justa : a f. weight, *pondusvulgari levius (loo light;' but pondus iniquum, V. Ge. 1, 164, = immoderately heavy) : a f. note, falsa vocula (C. de Or. 3, 25, 98). A f. slep, error (a mistake) ; lapsus (a slip) : to make a f. step, errare ; labi. A f. key, clavis adulterina (opp. clavis vera, 5. Jug. 12, 3). To sing a f. note, *dissonum quiddam cantare : to give a f. interpretation of athg, perperam interpretari (ft^T Not male interpretari = to put an unfavorable construction on). — 1| Untrue, faithless, vid. To play aby f. ; see To Deceive. FAL FALSE-HEARTED, falsus animi. How f.-h. you are! ut falsus es animi! {Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.) FALSEHOOD, s. || Falseness, vanitas, or Crcl. with adjectives ; e. g. to prove the f. of athg, qd falsum esse probare (Q.). — ggp° Falsitas is not found till Ar- nobius ; modern editors discard it fm C. Cluent. 2. — [| A false thing, falsum. vanum. — mendacium (a lie): not to utter a /., nihil falsi dicere ; nonmentiri; verum dicere (see Lie). FALSELY, simulate, fallaciter {deceitfully). — falso (in a manner inconsistent with its appearance ; not ac- cording to the true nature of the thing itself; opp. vere or vero ; according to Dbd. it supposes not wilful de- ception, but errour). — false ( very rare; false assentiri is the reading of ail the MSS. C. Acad. 2, 46, 141).— perperam (in a manner the reverse of right ; opp. recte). — secus (otherwise than as it should be ; e.g. to judge of athg). — vitiose (faultily; e. g. to draw an inference, concludere). To pronounce /., perperam pronunciare : have they judged truly or f? utrum recte an perperam judicatum est ? to use a word f., perperam or non recte dicere verbum. FALSENESS, ]| Want of truth, falsum (f-gHT fal- si tas first in Arnob. 1, 33). — 1| Want of upright- ness, fraus (deceit). — fallacia (cheating, imposture; hence also falsehood-). — dolus (mischievous cunning). — perfidia (faithlessness). FALSETTO, falsa vocula (C. de Or. 3, 25, 98). FALSIFICATION, adulteratio (the making athg not genuine by the admixture of something). For the f. of writings, fyc. Crcl. with verbs under ' to Falsify' must be used. The f. of a will, by falsum testamen- tum ; falsae tabulae : charged with the f. of a will, fal- sarum tabularum reus : to plead a cause about the f. of a will, de falso testamento agere (as accuser or his counsel) : to be incapable of f, corrumpi or vitiari non posse. A charge of /., crimen falsi : a trial about /., causa falsi (JCt.). FALSIFIER. See Counterfeiter. FALSIFY, corrumpere (to corrupt by an internal change of quality). — vitiare (to make faulty ; pecunias, merces). — adulterare (to f. by the admixture of what is not genuine ; e. g. numos, merces).— interpolare (to give athg a good appearance by dressing it up, as it were, by spurious additions ; merces). — transcribere (to f. in copying). To f. documents, tabulas corrumpere, vitiare (g.tt); tab. interpolare (by erasing letters, and intro- ducing others neatly, so as to be likely to avoid detec- tion); tab. interlinere (to erase [propr. in wax] words fm between other words ; or to erase words so completely as to conceal, if possible, the fact of any having ori- ginally stood there) ; Jx. tabulas corrumpere atque in- terlinere; tab. transcribere (to f. it in transcription; write it wrong): to f. a will; see 'to fohge a will.' — 1| To falsify one's word, fyc , fidem fallere, mu- tare, frustrari, non servare ; fidem frangere, violare. FALSITY. See Falseness, Falsehood. FALTER, balbutire (to stammer ; also to speak hesi- tatingly and indistinctly ; fm want of confidence ; opp. aperte et clara voce dicere, C. ). — titubare (to stumble, $c, of witnesses who get confused; C. Auct. ad Her. subdola lingua titubat, 0.).— titubanter et inconstanter loqui de qa re (Auct. ad Her. 4, 41, 53). — labare sermone (Plin. 14, 22, 82; to speak with an unsteady or uncer- tain voice, fm hesitation, $c). — haerere (to be at a loss; to stick fast). To speak without faltering, aperte et clara voce dicere (C). FALTERING, s. haesitatio (hesitation in speaking; fm confusion, $-c). — tractus verborum (the drawling out of words, fm not being able to get on fm want of con- fidence; quanta haesitatio tractusque verborum, C. de Or. 2, 50, 202).— ggjp" haesitantia linguae is the natural defect of stammering ; titubatio, linguae titubatio, the stumbling in one's speech; the latter, Macrob. FALTERINGLY, titubanter. Jn. titubanter et in- constanter (e. g. loqui de re). — haesitabundus (Plin. 1, 5, 13; haes. inquit; interrogavi). FAME, || Report, vid.— 1| Glory; good report, fama. laus. gloria, praeconium (Syn. in Glory). To earn /., laudem sibi parere or colligere; gloriam acqui- rere, consequi or adipisci : to confer undying f. on aby, qm immortali gloria afficere; sempiternae gloriae qm comrr.endare. See Glory. To deprive aby of his /., qm fama spoliare : to detract fm his /., de fama cs detrahere. FAMED. See Celebrated. FAMILIAR, || Pertaining to a family; do- mestic, familiaris. domesticus. Jn. domesticus ac familiaris. — \\ Intimate, familiaris. domesticus. in- timus (Syn. in Intimate). Aby's f. friend, cs or ci familiaris; familiaris amicus [Plin.) ; a mast f. friend, (339) FAM familiarissimus (cs). qui est ex cs domesticis atque intimis familiaribus (ft). See Intimate. — || Inti- mately known, well-acquainted, familiaris (e. g. hunc, qui familiarior nobis. .. est, Demosthenem, C. ; vox auribus meis familiaris, Petron.). — bene notus (well-known). — ggp" To translate ' with wch we are /.,' say qui nobis est familiaris, bene notus, &c. : to bef. with athg, qd mihi familiare or bene notum est ; familiariter novi qd (Q.). See Acquainted. — 1| Affa- ble, intimate {in manner) with those be- neath us, communis (e. g. comm. infimis, par princi- pibus, Np.). See Affable. — To be f. with aby, familiariter loqui cum qo (C). — familiarius vivere cum qo (with ref. to the terms on wch one lives). See Affa- ble. — 1| Simple, not elevated, $c. with ref. to style, ad sensum popularem vulgaremque or ad com- mune judicium popularemque intelligentiam accommo- datus (popular ; f£»^not popularis or familiaris in this sense, though fam. interpretatio has been cmly used, and lately even by Orelli). — familiariter scriptus (in the style of a friend writing naturally and confidentially to a friend; C). — 1| A familiar spirit, *umbra, quae ci adest. — genius cs, or (aft. Servius's definition) naturalis deus cs. FAMILIAR, s. See 'Familiar friend' and In- timate. FAMILIARITY, \\ Intimacy, familiaritas.— usus familiaris.— usus. consuetudo. Jn. domesticus usus et consuetudo. consuetudo ac familiaritas. See Inti- macy. — 1| Intimate acquaintance with athg, cognitio, notitia, or scientia cs rei (Syn. in Know- ledge). — 1| Condescending i ntimacy, affabilitas. — comitas affabilitasque sermonis. FAMILIARLY, familiariter (in nearly all the senses of the English word; e. g. vivere or loqui cum qo ; nosse qd ; scribere qd, = in the style of a friend writing to a friend). F. known, bene notus, familiaris (ci). FAMILY, familia (g. t.). — servitium. servi et servae (the slaves, male and female), famuli et famulae (the servants or attendants, male and female). My /., mei (see Gierig. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 46), — 1) In a more confined sense, the parents with their chil- dren together with the servants, familia. do- mus (house ; = family, as in English); or, the children only, liberi, proles, progenies, stirps : have you a f. ? num liberis auctus es? — 2) In a wider sense; a whole family with all the relations belong- ing to it, gens, also genus (the whole f., as the Cor- nelian). — familia (a part, branch of the gens; thus the gens Cornelia embraced the families of the Scipiones, the Lentuli, $c). — stirps (the root of a gens, familia ; i. e. the first ancestors fm wch these sprung ; e. g. of the f. of Priam, de Priami stirpe). — cognati (g. t. rela- tions): of a good f., *generosa stirpe ortus (of noble de- scent) ; honesto loco natus (of honorable descent) : of an old f., antiquo genere natus: a man that is not of a noble /., homo sine gente ; belonging to a /., gentilis (of persons and things) ; gentilicius (of things) : con- cerned with, suited to, or happening in a family, genti- licius ; familiaris ; domesticus (domestic) ; privatus (private ; both as opposed to publicus) ; Jn. domesticus ac privatus. — intestinus (occurring within a f. and con- fined toil, opp. externus) : with wch adjectt. all connex- ions with 'family' may be rendered in Lai., of wch the most common are subjoined : f. affairs, dome»ticae res ac privatae : a f. compact, fcedus domesticum : a f. inherit- ance, hereditas gentis or gentilicia ( f-ropr. ) ; gentile bo- num (fig. ; that has always been in the f. ; see T.Ann. 2, 37, 5): a f. fault or defect, vitium avitum: a f. secret, arcana domus; to reveal it, vulgare (T. Ann. 1, 6, 3): a f. picture, "imago gentilicia: /. concerns, negotia familiaria: members of a f, domestici (in a confined sense) ; gentiles (in an extended sense) : all the f., totius cognationis grex (Curt. 8, 2, 31 ) : /. tomb ; see 'family tomb :' /. estate. *praedium gentilicium : the head of a /., pater familias : /. quarrel, *discordia familiae, do- mesticorum; discordiae, quibus domus evertitur; dis- cordia intestina; *dissensio gentilium, &c. : a f. name, nomen gentile or gentilicium (Suet. Ncr. 41 ; Claud. 25): a sacrifice peculiar to a f, sacra (sacrificia) genti- licia : a f. council, consilium familiare: /. right, jus gentium; jura familiaria (n. pi.): the glory of a f, gloria domestica : the disgrace of the f., nota gentilicia; commune familiae dedecus : a f seal, signum gentis (aft. Suet. Oct. 94) : /. cares, domesticae cuiae : to free fm f. cares, domesticis curis levare qm : /. pride, spiri- tus gentilicii (aft. L. 4, 42) : af. party, coena familiaris (see Suet. Tit. 9; qm ccenae fainiiiari adhibere. »'. e. to introduce to thef.): af. in mourning, familia funesta: /. records, tabulae gentiliciae : the place in wch f. records Z 2 FAM are kept, tablinum: to be the father of af., liberos ha- bere; liberis auctum esse: /. connexion, domesticus usus et consuetude; privata consilia, orum, n. (see L. 1 , 42) ; privatae necessitudines ; necessitudo (see Herz. S. Cat. 17, 3): a loss sustained by a /., clades domes- tica : /. arms, *insigne gentilicium. Many noble f.'s are put in mourning by this event (Newsp.), multae et clarae lugubres domus (L. 3, 32). — 1| Family wor- ship, domestica religio (Suet. Claud. 12). — sacra pri- vata (pi., propr. ; private sacrifice, fyc). To celebrate f. worship, *privatim sacris operari. — \\A family physician, medicus domesticus et familiaris. F. medicine, *medicamentum domestico usui destinatum. — 1| A friend of the f.'s, familiaris amicus; familiaris. perfamiliaris. cs familiar amicissimus. FAMINE, fames, or more fully, inopia et fames. The f. wch then prevailed, fames, qua; turn erat: af. was beginning to be felt, fames esse ccepit : to export corn in a /., in fame frumentum exportare: to be suf- fering fm f., inopia et fame premi: to support his fel- low-citizens at his own cost during a time of /., ab ore civium famem suis impensis propulsare. FAMISH, || Trans.) Kill with hunger, qm fame necare or interficere. — inedia necare. — || Intrans.) To perish or be perishing fm hunger, fame mori; fame perire or interire (fm want of the means of supporting life; g. tt.); fame or inedia necari (as punishment ; ' to be starved to death;' the latter, in C, of Jtegulus). FAMISHED, fame, or inopia, confectus. — inedia necatus (C). FAMOUS, inclytus or inclutus (known by name, of name, of note, remarkable). — celebratus (celebrated, praised). — illustris. perillustris (that shines forth before others, distinguished). — clarus. praeclarus (that has stepped forth out of obscurity, distinguished ; clarus, according to its signification, frequently with a word joined to it, as, gloria, bello, pace, &c. ; see Herz. S. Cat. 3, 1). — nobilis (known, of note in the world ; known by report among mankind, by se rvice, knowledge, fyc). — Jn. nobilis et clarus.— Jgj^" Celeber, much visited and sought after, and much spoken of, is used of places at wch there is a great concourse of men, and of teachers who have a large auditory. In the golden age, fa- mosus has only the signification ' infamous.' Very /., illustri laude celebratus; claritate praestans : /. for learning, nobilis et clarus ex doctrina: to be /., gloria florere; esse in laude: to be very /., gloria cir- cumfluere ; omnium sermone celebrari ; in magno nomine et gloria esse; magna celebritate famae esse: to be very f. as a speaker, magnum in oratoribus nomen habere : he is f. far and wide, ejus nomen longe atque late vagatur : to become /., nominis famam adipisci ; gloriam consequi or assequi ; in gloriam venire ; in claritudinem pervenire ; crescere (Ruhnk. Ter. Heaut. Prolog. 28. |g§p° clarescere and inclarescere belong to the silv. age) : to become f. by athg, illustrari qa re ; clarum fieri re or ex re : to render /., celebrare, illus- trare, nobilitare (this also of an event or occurrence, as, of a battle wch renders a place f.), qm et qd ; gloriae commendare, gloria afficere qm (of a deed, fyc.)\ ci famam conficere ; illustrem reddere qm : to make one- self f, gloriam or famam sibi acquirere, comparare ; claritudinem sibi parare : to desire to make oneself /., gloriam aueerere, sequi ; famee studere, servire, inser- vire. FAMOUSLY, nobiliter (Vitr. ; in a splendid or ad- mirable manner). Sts bene, optime, &c. FAMOUSNESS. See Celebrity. FAN, s. flabellum (for cooling; also impropr. = 'a fan to inflame' athg [Hooker], quasi flabellum sedi- tionis, qua qd est ventilatum, C). — 1| Winnowing- fan, vannus. — ventilabrum. FAN, v. || Propr.) (aestuanti) ci lene frigus ventilare (Mart.). — flabello ventulum ci facere (Com.). — venti- lare (e. g. qo ventilante cubabat, Suet.). — 1| Impropr.) Kindle (sedition, $c), quasi flabello ventilare qd (aft. C. Flacc. 23, 54). — conflare. accendere (to kindle wrath, a war, quarrel, fyc). FANATIC, fanaticus. A /., fanaticus. FANATICALLY, fanatice. FANATICISM, *error fanaticus. FANCIFUL, stultus et inaequalis (Sen. Fit. Beat. 12). — homo, cui nihil sequale est (aft. H. ; irregular; eccentric). — ineptus. absurdus. ineptus inersque (fool- ish, lazy person, never acting steadily). — morosus. dif- ficilis. Jn. difficilis ac morosus (indulging such f. humours, that it is almost impossible to please him). FANCIFULLY. There is no adv. that answers to this. Sts mire, mirum in modum (strangely). — varie (340) FAR (with variety). — ad libidinem, ex libidine (according to individual fancy, without regard to the general practice). — insolenter (unusually). FANCIFULNESS. No exact word; sts deliciae (dainty fancies). — insolentia (unusualness). FANCY, animus, sensus. Jn. animus etsensus. See Imagination. — $$gj§° Not phantasta, though it may be necessary to retain it as t. t. — "cogitationis luxuria or nimia quaedam ubertas. See Imagination. To have a lively f., acute moved. — 1| A fancy=an unfound- ed, wayward notion, somnium (dream). — opi- nionis commentum. — commentum mirum (strangef.); in pi. ineptiae, nugae (nonsense, folly, fyc). — cura ina- nis (a groundless anxiety). To take f.'s, inanes species anxio animo figurare. *inanibus curis se dare (of gloomy f.'s). Away with your melancholy f.'s, omitte tristitiam tuam : these are mere f.'s, haec falsa et inania sunt: a foolish f. occurred to me, ineptum qd mibi in mentem venit : to accommodate oneself to aby's f.'s, ad cs arbitrium or voluntatem se fingere or se accommo- dare ; se totum ad cs nutum et voluntatem convertere ; totum se fingere et accommodare ad cs arbitrium et nutum : according to one's own /., ad libidinem. ex libidine : to follow one's f.'s, animi impetum sequi (whatever impulse seizes one). See Humour. — 1| In- clination (for athg), vid. To take a f. for athg, libido me capit, libidinem habere in qa re (S. Cat. 7, 4) : to have a f. for doing athg, facere qd libido est (Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 26): to take a violent f. to do athg, magna (tanta, &c.) libido qd faciendi qm invadit (S.): to take a f.for aby, se inclinare ad (or in) qm (also qd); incli- natione voluntatis propendere in qm : a f. for aby, pro- pensa in qm voluntas ; propensum in qm studium : to have taken a f. to aby, propenso animo or propensa voluntate esse in qm : to have no f. for athg, a qa re alienum esse or abhorrere ; nolle qd : to have no f. either to . . . or, neque . . . neque ... in animo est(Z\). || Fancy goods, merces delicatae (Sen.). A shop for f. goods, *taberna delicatarum mercium. A dealer inf. goods, *qui tabernam delicatarum mercium exercet. — institor delicatarum mercium (as calling at the door with them; Sen. Ben. 6, 38, 3). FANCY-BREAD, panis artopticus (Plin.). FANCY, v. || Imagine, fyc, somniare (to dream). — cogitatione sibi qd depingere (to picture it to one's imagination). — videri (seem). To f. myself ill, *aegro- tare mihi videor. — 1| Like ; have a mind to; see Like; 'am inclined to.' FANG, unguis (claw).— dens (tooth). The f. of a tooth, *dentis radix. FANGED, unguibus instructus or armatus.— den- tibus instructus. dentatus. FANGLESS, dentibus carens or vacuus.— dentibus defectus (Com., and late). — edentulus (that has lost his teeth). — *unguibus carens, ungues non habeas (without talons). FANTASTIC. No word. Sts mirus. insolitus. FANTASTICALLY. See Fancifully. FANTASY. See Fancy. FAR, adj. See Distant. FAR, adv. || a) To denote distance in time or space, longe (-rijAe ; at a great distance ; /., /. off; opp. -prove). — procul (airoOev, at some distance; opp. juxta, close by; says less than longe, and mly denotes objects that are within sight; DM. Procul is the right word when vie speak of a person's doing athg at a dis- tance, wch is usually done near, $c). Very f., in im- mensum (e. g. to shoot, throw, §c.): to be f. fm any place, longe or procul a qo loco abesse : /. fm the town, procul oppido : to be f. fm each other, multum distare : a f. distant place, locus longinquus : to see f., longe prospicere : to come fm /., e longinqua or remota terra venire : it is just as /., tantundem viae est : till f. in the night, in multam noctem : /. and wide, longe late- que : to advance f. in athg, multum proficere in re (to make great progress in it). || Too far, longius. To go too far in athg, longius progredi (propr. and fig.); tamquam lineas transire (fig. C. Parad. 3, 1, 20); in athg, nimium esse in qa re ; modum excedere or non servare in qa re: not to go too /., modum retinere; modum facere ci rei ; in words, modum tenere ver- borum : to go too f. in his censures, in vituperatione aequitati parum consulere : to push athg too /., nimis qd intendere, urgere, or persequi : to go too f. back for athg, altius or longius repetere qd. || Far from (with particip. subst. and another verb) : tantum abest (abfuit, &c. impers.) ut . . . ut ( [@g|r the second ut is sts followed by etiam, quoque, or even contra; not by potius, except in a passage of Hirt. that is rendered sus- pected by the personal use of abfuerunt). H^P" C. sts FAR adds a third ut r tantum abest ut nostra mireirmr, ut usque eo difficiles ac morosi simus, ut nobis non satisfaciat ipse Demosthenes, Or. 29, ] 04. — adeo non . . . ut (contra); adeo nihil . . . ut (post-C; L.). These words, f. fm having any weight with a single individual, hardly induced the people to respect the persons of the ambassadors, haec adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint: the Africans and Cartha- ginians, f. fm sustaining this attack, even fyc, Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra &c. — Sts non modo — sed (or verum) etiam (e.g. my grief, f. fm being lessened, is even increased, dolor meus non modo non minuitur, sed etiam augetur, C). F. be it fm me (us) fyc ! dii meliora (sc. dent) ! ne id deus siverit!— haud nos id deceat ! (aft.Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 15). — longe absit propositum illud ! (aft. Q. 6, 3, 28). — haec absint velim ( $*^T Not absit ut . . . !) b) To mark the degree of excess or defect, longe.— multo (by much, esply with comp. and superl.). To prefer athg /., longe anteponere : to be f. superior, longe praestare or superare : to be f. greater, multo or multis partibus majorem esse: the best by /., longe optimus: by f. the greatest, longe maximus. || From far, procul. — e longinquo. || Far off, longe. procul. || As far as, a) of place, usque (with ace. only, or ace. with ad; e.g. usque Romam, usque ad Numantiam, both C). — as f. as you ( = as f. as where you are), usque istuc : as f. as my mind can look back, quoad longissime potest mens mea respicere : as f. as the eye could reach, quo longissime oculi conspectum ferebant : as f. as I re- member, ut mea memoria est (C. Att. 13, 31): everybody may consult his own interests, as f. as he can do it with- out injuring his neighbour, suae cuique utilitati, quod sine alterius injuria fiat, serviendum est : as f. at least as Ihave heard, quod quidem nos audierimus. — 6) Im- propr. of degree, fyc. (up to the point that), quatg- nus (e. g. quatenus videtur habitari, Col. petentibus Sa- guntinis, ut, quatenus tuto possent, Italiam speculatum irent, L.). — quantum (as much as; e.g. quantum au- dio, asf. as I hear, Ter.Andr. 2, 5, 12).— eatenus . . quoad (e. g. jus civile eatenus exercuerunt, quoad populum praestare voluerunt, C. Leg. 1, 4). — As f. as I can, quoad ejus facere possum (potero, potuero): asf. as pos- sible, quoad ejus facere possit : as f. as in me lies, quantum in or ad me : as f. as usage allows, quoad patiatur consuetudo (Varr.) : as f. as they can be kn own by man, quoad ab homine possunt cognosci. jfsggr The restrictive or exceptive ' as f. as' is cmly trans- lated by quod with subjunct. As f. as you conveniently can, quod commodo tuo fiat : as f. as I know, quod sciam. || How far, 1) dependent interrog. quoad (e. g. videtis nunc, quoad fecerit iter apertius quam antea ; implying that the degree was very considerable). — quatenus (e. g. in omnibus rebus, videndum est, quatenus, C). — quanto (by how much; with compar. adverbs of degree, difference, fyc; videtote, quanto secus ego fecerim, how f. otherwise or differently I acted, Cat. ap. Charis. p. 192, P.). — quam longe (at what distance). — quousque (e. g. quousque penetratura sit avaritia, Plin.). 2) Interrog. quousque? quousque tandem? (how long? also propr. = 'how f.?' in Gelt., quum decessero de ira, quousque degredi debeo? 1, 3.) — 1| So far, eo. eo usque (up to such a point ; only in the old language adeo). — in tantum. tantum (up to such a quantity; so /.). — quoad (up to such a point, till .... fyc). — hactenus. haec hactenus (when one concludes a speech, fyc). To carry or push it sof., eo usque addu- cere : he carried his arrogance and folly so /., eo inso- lentiae furorisque processit: hi* impudence went so /., that he held his province, fyc, erat adhuc impudens, qui exercitum . . . teneret. Sof. on this subject, haec or de his hactenus : so f. on the subject of divination, haec habui, quae de divinatione dicerem. FARCE, mimus, or prps fabula Atellana. — *fabula ridiculi argumenti. A very laughable /., mimus oppido ridiculus. || Impropr.) res ridicula. Athg is a /., ridiculum est, &c. (also with ace and inf., C, Q.) FARCICAL, jocularis. ridiculus. — scurrilis. FARCICALLY, joculariter. ridicule. — scurriliter. FARCY (a disease in horses or cattle), farcinrtnum (Veget.). FARDEL. See Bundle. FARE, v. || Journey onwards ; see Go on. || To be in any state, good or bad, est mihi. — me habeo. — agitur or actum est mecum (only of faring or coining off well, with ref. to some one's good conduct; with bene, praeclare, &c). — it apud me or de me. How do you f.? or, how f.'s it with you? quomSdo habes? ut vales? quomBdo vivis? quid agis or agitur? 2" am faring well, valeo ; bene or praeclare mecum agitur; (3-11) FAR res mihi sunt maxime secundae; bene habemus nos (C. Att. 2, 8, 1) : it f.'s better with them than with us, fm their fyc, ipsi se hoc melius habent, quam nos, quod &c. : his friend fared no better, eadem amici fuit sors : it fared even worse with the conquerors than with the conquered, pejus victoribus quam victis accidit : how will it f. with him ? quid fiet de eo? how did it f. with the army? quae fortuna exercitus fuit? || To- live (with ref. to the kind of food that one lives upon), vid. FARE, s. vectura (cf. Plant. Most. 3, 2, 138: Sen. Ben. 6, 15, fin.).— pretium vehendi (aft. O. Fast. 2, 115). To pay one's f., pro vectura solvere. || Food, victuals, vid. FAREWELL, vale ! fac ut valeas ! cura ut valeas ! (in taking leave, and at the end of letters). — have! haveto ! (over a dead body). $@gT Vale may also be used substantively (cf. 0. Her. 13, 14, vix potuit dicere triste vale). To bid aby /., salvere or valere qm ju- bere; ci valedicere (post-Aug.) : to bid aby a hearty /., multam salutem ci dicere : to take a last f. of aby, ultimum or supremum ci vale dicere (poet.): to go away without bidding aby f, insalutatum relinquereqm (aft. V. j£n. 9, 228). || Fig.) I will bid f. to the forum and the senate-house, multam salutem et foro dicam et curiae : to bid the world f., renunciare vitae (Suet. Galb. 11). || A f. poem, propempttcon (as title to Stat. Sylv. 3, 2, and Sidon. Carm. 24) : a f. dinner, ccena viatica (Plant. Bacch. 1, 1, 61). FAR-FETCHED, arcessitus (e. g. dictum, forced).— longe petitus (C. opt. gen. Or. 3, 7) or longe repetitus. — altius or paullo altius repetitus. FARM, s. rusticum praedium (v. pr., opp. urbanum praedium = property in houses). — fundus (an estate usually with one or more buildings attached to it). — villa (the country-house, with or without land). — ager. rus (propr. country, opp. town; hence melon. = landed estate. In this meaning, as well as in that of country, rus, rure are mly without a preposition [cf. Plant. Merc. 3, 3, 25 ; Capt. 1, 1, 10] unless they have an adj. or pos- sess, pronoun with them, when the prep, is mly, but not always, expressed : quum in rura sua venerunt, C. ; in Albense rus, Plin.; in Veliterno rure, Plin.; but also nugari rure paterno, H. ; rure dapes parat ille suo, 0.). A f. near the town, praedium suburbanum : a small f, praediolum, agellus; also hortuli (cf. C.Eclog. p. 157) : a f. -house, villa : a small f. -house, villula : to go about one's f.'s, fundos obire : to till a /., praedium colere or colere et tueri: the profits of a /., fructus praedii. FARM, v. || To cultivate a farm, agrum colere (g. t.). To be very fond of farming, voluptatibus agri- colarum incredibiliterdelectari(C): a treatise on farm- ing, liber de rebus rusticis, or de agricultura, scriptus. || To give a certain sum for tolls, taxes, fyc, in the hope of making profit by them, con- ducere (g. t.) — redimere (with the intention of reletting them in small portions). To f. the taxes, vectigalia re- dimere: to wish to f. them, ad vectigalia accedere. || To lease or let (the revenues, fyc), locare.— elocare (e. g. gentem Judaeorum = ejus vectigalia, C. Flacc. 28. fin.). FARMER, agricbla. colonus (g. t. for the cultivator of a farm, g*gT ruricSla poet.). — arator (who tilled the state-domains for a tenth of the produce ; cf. C. 2 Verr. 3, 23, 57). — politor (a labourer to whom a piece of land was given, to be paid for by a share of the produce ; cf. Cat. R. R. 137, and Schneid. ad loc p. 175).— homo rusticus (g. t.). See Countryman. A f. of the public revenues, fyc, publicanus (with ref. to his condition in life). — redemptor vectigalium (with ref. to the particu- lar thing he farms). FARMING, agricultura. res rusticae (see under Farm, v.). FARRAGO, farrago (with ref. to the miscellaneous- ness of the contents; Juv. 1, 86). — sartago (with ref. to the words; Pers. 1, 80). FARRIER, || Horse-doctor, medicus equarius (Val. Max. 9, 15, 2).— veterinarius (g. t. for doctor for cattle or horses). To be a good /., artis veterinariae prudentem esse. || Shoeing-smith, *faber ferrarius, qui equis soleas ferreas suppingit. FARRIERY, pecoris medicina.— medicina veteri- naria (both including the medical treatment of cattle generally). FAR ROW, v. parere. partum edere. FARROW, s. fetus (suis) or fetura. FARTHER. See Further. FARTHEST. See Furthest. FARTHING, teruncius (the fourth part of an as).— as (a whole as). — numus (coin, a small coin ; g. t. for a trifle in money). I cannot bate a /., numus abesse FAS nine non potest : to pay athg to the last /., ad assem sol • vere : to repay one the expenses to the last /., ad assem ci impensum reddere : it is right to a /., ad nuraum convenit : we do not put aby to a f.'s expense, nullus teruncius insumitur in quemquam {see C. Att. 5, 17, 2) : I hope not to put the province to a f.'s expense during the tvhole year of my administration, spero toto anno imperii nostri teruncium sumptus in provincia nullum fore (ib. 5, 20, 6) : not to have a f. in one's pocket, *ne numum quidem unum in numerate habere : not to value at a /., non assis, ne teruncii quidem facere; non unius assis aestimare : not to be worth a /., nihili esse : a man for whom nobody cares af., non semissis homo (T'atin. ap. C. Fam. 5, 10, 1); homo non quisquilia? (Nov. ap. Fest.p. 218, Lindem.): not to care a f. for athg, qd flocci non facere ; non hujus facere. FASCES, fasces. To precede aby with the /., qm anteire cum fascibus ; fasces ci praeferre : to order the axes to be taken fm the fasces, secures de fascibus demi jubere: to lower the f. to aby, fasces demittere or sum- mittere ci : /. bound with laurel, fasces laureati. FASCINATE, capere. delenire. permulcere. — Jn. capere ac delenire. A fascinating beauty, puella, cs forma rapit( propr.). To f. aby by his affability, polite- ness, fyc, qm humanitate sua capere (Np.). — Sg^^ Fas- cinare not to be used in this fig. sense. FASCINATION, delenimenta, pi.— illecebrae. FASCINE, crates. — fasciculus ex virgultis alligatus. To cut wood for making f.'s, caedere materiam cratibus faciendis. FASHION, mos (as a custom; also in dress, mos vestis). — habitus, ornatus (as manner of dress). A new /., habitus novus: the f. of the day, seculum {the spirit of the age; cf. L. 3, 20, quae nunc tenet seculum, what is now the f. of the day; T. Germ. 19, 3, seculum vo- catur, is called the f. of the day). — *seculi deliciae (the favorite fancies of the day) : to be the /., in more esse; mods esse (to be the custom) ; usu receptum esse (to be generally adopted) : it is an old /., antiqui moris f uit : this f. of dress fm that time became general, hunc morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet : to order the people to adopt the same f. (of dress), eodem ornatu etiam populum vestiri jubere : a thing becomes the /., cs rei mos recipitur; qd in mores recipitur (the custom of athg is adopted); qd usu recipitur, or in consuetudinem or morem venit (g. t. a thing becomes usual); qd pullu- lat (lit., puts forth shoots ; hence spreads, fyc, e. g. lux- uria); qd inducitur (is introduced, of customs, fyc): to bring in, introduce a /., morem inducere or inferre : to bring athg into /., perducere qd in morem : to bring in new f.'s, novos vestium mores inducere (aft. Stat. Theb. 12, 591) : to bring in foreign f.'s, peregrinos mores inferre (aft. Juv. 6, 288, sq.) : to bring back an old /., antiquum (vestis) morem referre (aft. Suet. Cces. 20) : to go out of /., obsolescere : to dress according to the f., aliorum habitum or ornatum or amictum imitari: to dress after a foreign f., in externum habitum mutare cor- poris cultum : to be dressed in the height of the f., nove vestitum esse (Plaut.) : to live as our ancestors did, and not according to the f. of the day, cultum victumque non ad nova exempla componere, sed ut majorum sua- dent mores (Sen. Tranq. 9, 1) : after my /., meo more; sicut meus est mos (H.): to be all the /., see 'to be Fashionable.' || Form or style, vid. FASHION, v. See To Form, v. FASHIONABLE, elegans (tasteful; of persons).— novus (new ; of things). F. attire, cultus ad nova ex- empla compositus (Sen. Tranq. 9, 1) : a f. writer, poet, fyc. ; a writer, poet, fyc, whose works are /., scrip- tor or poeta nunc (or, of a past time, turn) maxime placens ; scriptor or poeta, cujus opera or carmina hac aetate in manibus sunt (aft. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 6) : a work wch is now f., or wch it is now f. to admire, *libellus, qui hujus aetatis hominibus in deliciis est; or *quo hujus aetatis homines maxime delectantur, or qui hac aetate in manibus est (aft. Plin. ut supra). FASHIONABLY, nove (in the newest style; e. g. vestitum esse ; Plaut.). FAST, v. jejunium servare (voluntarily to refrain from food for a season ; to keep a fast, esply fm religious motives; see Suet. Oct. 76). — cibo se abstinere (to ab- stain fm food, esply as a remedy ; |@g^** abstinere cibo and simply abstinere are post-Class.) : to injure one's health by fasting, qs tam parcus et continens est, ut necessitates valetudinis restringat. FAST, s. jejunium (a voluntary abstaining fm food for some time, a fasting; then as it were fig. = hunger). — inedia (a not eating; the abstaining fm food voluntarily or compulsorily, or in consequence of the state of body ; jgg^" abstinentia does not occur until after the Class. (342) FAT period). To order, appoint a /., jejunium instituere: to proclaim af., jejunium indicare. FAST-DAY, jejunium. To observe a f.-d., jejunium servare (Suet. Oct. 76) : to proclaim a f.-d., jejunium indicere (H. Sat. 2, 3, 291). gg£° Esuriales feriae (Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 8) is a merely Com. expression for a compulsory f. FAST, adj. || Quick, vid. || Firm, vid., and also Fast, adv. ( = firmly), and to Fasten. FAST, adv. || Firmly, firme. firmiter. stabiliter [Syn. in Quick]. F. asleep, sopitus; arte et gravi somno sopitus; or dormiens only: to be f. asleep, arte et graviter dormitare; arto et gravi somno sopitum esse; also sopitum esse only (propr.); dormitare ; dor- mitare in otio (Plaut.); oscifare (or -ri) et dormitare (C. de Or. 2, 33, 144); sedere et oscitari (Auct. ad Her. 4, 36 ; allimpropr.) : to stand f., *immotum stare: to tie f, vincire ; devincire, to athg, ad qd; constringere, with athg, qa re : to holdf., tenere ; retinere (propr. of a thief, fyc.) ; mordicus tenere (with the teeth ; also impropr., to abide fast or firmly by athg): to stick /., adhaerere ; inhce- rere : to make athg f. with a pin, *qd acu affigere. — || Swiftly, celeriter. cito. festinanter. velociter [Syn. in Quick, adj.]. — raptim (in a hurried manner): too /., praepropere : to walk, go, or run /., celeriter ire ; celeri or citato gradu ire (of persons) ; celeri cursu ferri (of a waggon, a ship, $c.): to flow f., incitatius fluere or ferri; citatum ferri (of a river): to move, fyc, faster (aft. one had been going slower), gradum addere or cor- ripere ; gradum conferre : a f. -sailing vessel, navis ce- lerrima : this was a very f. -sailing vessel, haec navis erat incredibili celeritate velis : one that speaks /., volubilis : the habit of speaking too /., praeceps quaedam celeritas dicendi (of an orator) ; citata pronunciatio (a rapid utterance): to conclude or judge too /., festinantius judicare. FASTEN, || To make fast, destinare ad qd or ci rei, or absol. (to make fast, esply with ropes, funes, qui antennas ad malos destinant, Cccs. ; destinare naves ancoris exquatuor angulis, Cces.) — astringere, alligare, deligare ad qd ; illigare in re (to tie to or on athg). — an- nectere qd ad rem or ci rei (to f. by tying). — assuere ci rei (to f. by sewing on). — defigere ci rei or in re; infi- gere ci rei or in rem (to fix into with a hammer). — figere ci rei or in re. affigere ci rei or ad qd (g. t. to join to athg). — agglutinare ci rei or ad qd (to f. by glueing ; to solder, #c.) — ferruminare (to f. with solder, putty, or any other stuff; e. g. with bitumen, bitumine ; lead, plumbo; mly with the addition of the stuff that is used to effect the combination). To f. athg with nails, clavis qd figere ; to athg, clavis affigere or configere qd ci rei : tof. with a pin, *qd acu affigere. || Impropr.) To f. a reproach upon aby, probrum, labem, or infamiam ci inferre (cf. C Coel. 18, 42); labem or labeculam ci aspergere ; infamia qm aspergere : a reproach that, will stick to him, maculam aternam ci inurere : to f. one's eyes on aby, oculos defigere in vultu cs : to f. a door, #c. ; see To Shut. || To impress upon, see To Impress. FASTIDIOUS, fastidiosus (of persons; also of things, aurium sensusfastidiosissimus ; Auct. Her.). — morosus. difficilis et morosus (not easy to be pleased, <§*c.) — deli- catus (that is easily offended by athg repulsive, fyc, e. g. aures; Q.). Too f. in his choice of words, in cura verborum nimius. FASTIDIOUSLY, fastidiose. — contemptim (con- temptuously). FASTIDIOUSNESS, fastidium. Jn. fastidium et superbia. superbia et fastidium (of a proud /.). The most extreme /., fastidium delicatissimum [@jg|r in poet. oft. fastidia, pi. ; e. g. fastidia cs ferre, 0.] : /. in athg, nimia in qa re cura. FASTING, s. inedia (g. t. for not eating).— inedia imperata (ordered, e. g. by a physician). — fames (as a method of cure). — jejunium (e. g. jejunio vexare aegrum ; Cels. 2, 3, 18, extr.). To subdue one's appetite~by /., se longis jejuniis domare (aft. illos longa domant inopi jejunia victu ; 0.). FASTING, adj. e. g. fasting-day ; see Fast. FASTING-DAYS, jejunia instituta (after jejunia Cereri instituere). FASTNESS, \\State of being fast, Crcl. || Firm attachment (obsol.), vid. \\ Stronghold, locus natura, or naturaliter, munitus ; castellum natura munitum. See Fortress. FASTUOUS, fastosus (full of or inflated with pride). — tumens inani superbia (one who is proud of imaginary advantages, and displays that pride by gestures ; Phcedr. 1, 3, 4). FAT, adj. pinguis {fat, propr. of persons and ani- FAT tnaU; then of that wch has unctuous parts, as butter, wine, fyc; or, that abounds in nutritious juices, as land, seed, fodder, fyc. ; opp. macer). — opiraus (abounding in nutritious juices, stout and fat, of persons and animals, and their members; opp. gracilis: then fig. fat in re- spect of produce, of land, fyc. ; opp. sterilis : hence agri opimi et fertiles ; then fig. = that brings in much). — obesus [become f. fm over-eating ; unwieldy, gross ; opp. gracilis, of pets»ns; and opp. strigosus, of animals). — nitidus (shining, sleek, abounding in fat, so that no pro- jecting bones disturb the smoothness of the body, Xnrapos, see Np. Eum. 5, 6). — perpastus (propr. well-fed; e. g. canis, Phcedr. 3, 6, 2). — saginatus (fatted). — adipatus (containing lard or fat; of food). — luculentus (con- siderable; as an office, $c). Somewhat fat, subpinguis : to make or render fat, pinguem facere or reddere; opi- mare; obesare [Col.; al. obescare] ; saginare; farcire (to fatten birds). — to grow or become fat, pinguescere; nitescere: to be fat, pinguem, &c. esse; nitere (see above on nitidus): to be too f., nimia pinguitudine laborare : to grow so /., that fyc, usque adeo pinguescere, ut &c. (Cat. ap. Varr.). FAT, s. adeps, m. Plin. ; mly f. Cels. ; c. Col. (the softer fat of animals wch do not ruminate).— sebum, sevum (the firmer fat of ruminating animals, tallow; adeps Cassii, suillus, anserinus; sebum vitulinum). — arvina (tallow, in as far as used to grease something ; clipeos tergent arvina, V.). — pingue (the oily fat ; pingiie inter carnem cutemque, Plin.). — laridum, lardum (lard; bacon). FAT, FATTEN, || Trans.) saginare (to feed with alhg that will produce fatness). — pinguem facere (to make fat). — opimare (of birds, esply).— farcire (to cram with uthy, only of fowls). To f. with athg, alere qa re (c. g with brin, furfuri) : to be good for fattening, con- ferre ad adipes creandas (or -os) ; pinguitudinem effi- cere (e. g. a hog, sui). || Intrans.) pinguescere (to become or grow fat). — nitescere (to be sleek, $c.). FATAL, fatalis (determined by fate; dependent on f'lte; and then fatally unfortunate, untoward). — per- niciosus (hurtful, ruinous). In a less strong sense, miser, infelix, luctuosus. By this f war, hoc misero fatalique bello. || Causing death, mortifer. A f. disease, gravis et mortifer morbus : to have a disorder that will prove /., gravi et mortifero morbo affectum esse ; mortifero morbo correptum esse ; mortifere aegro- tare (Plaut.). FATALISM, *ratio fatalis. FATALIST, *cui persuasum est (or qui credit, dicit) omnia 1ato fieri. FATALITY, || Inevitable necessity, necessitas. || Fatal accident, res adversa. casus adversus. malum. FATALLY, fato. suo fato.— nescio quo fato.— quasi qa fatali necessitate (C). — fataliter (e. g. definita fataliter, C. = by a decree of fate). — infeliciter. misere (unhappily). \\In a manner to cause death, mortifere. To have a disorder thai will end /., mor- tifere aegrotare. gravi et mortifero morbo affectum esse, mortifero morbo correptum esse: to be f. wounded, mortifero vulnere ici. mortiferum vulnus accipere. FATE, fatum (fate, as a mysterious, immutable law, by wch the universe is governed). — fors (chance, as a sort of mythological being, wch baffles the plans, fyc, of mor- tals; Tvxn)- — fortuna (fortune, not as mere blind chance, but as taking a deliberate part in favour of or agst a per- son; also of the effect wch fatum or fors works).— sors (lot, whether proceeding fm a superior power, or as the consequence of a man's own actions ; but with the asso- ciated notion of a secret destiny). — casus (chance, un- foreseen event, fyc). — eventus (the issue, as it were, of an occurrence, fyc.)— eventum (the event itself, as taking a fortunate turn, or the reverse). A happy /., fortuna secunda or prospera ; sors secunda: an unhappy f., fortuna adversa; sors misera; casus miserabilis : a hard /., fortuna gravis ; sors acerba; casus gravis or acerbus : to be exposed to the storms off., jactari variis casibus ; jactari varietate fortunae : it has been my f. to 8fc, accidit mihi, ut &c. : it has been my happy f. to §c, contigit mihi, ut &c. : they will all meet with or expe- rience the same /., omnes eundem fortunae exitum l.ituri sunt : to be prepared to bear one's f., whatever it may be, ad omnem eventum paratum esse : to bear one's f. patiently, whatever it may be, quemcum- que casum fortuna invexerit, quiete ferre : to take learning by the f. of others, ex aliorum eventis suis rationibus providere (Aucl. ad Her. 4, 9, 13): what- ever my f. may be, I shall submit, quaecumque for- tuna proponetur, 6ubeatur : so f. would have it, sic (343) FAT erat in fatis (0. Pont. 1, 7, 56 ; cf. 0. Trist. 3, 2, 1) : if it should be the will of f. that you should recover, si tibi fatum est convalescere : agst the will of /., praeter fatum : the storms of /., fulmina fortunae (e. g. to despise, contemnere, C. Tusc. 2, 27, 66) ; tela fortunae (see C. ad Fam. 5, 16, 2 : homines esse nos, ea lege natos, ut omnibus teiis fortunae proposita sit vita nostra, i. e. 'that our life is exposed to all the blows '■//■'); fortunae ictus (see Sen. Ep. 80, 3; ut fortunae ictus invictus excipiat) : aby or aby's life is less exposed to the blows of f , nanus multa patent in cs vita, qua? fortuna feriat (C. Off. 21, 73) : not by any decree of /., non fato: the books off, libri fatales : to be written in the books off, libris fatalibus contineri; in libris fatalibus inveniri. || The Fates, Parcae (Parca, sing. H. Pers.) ; Fata. FATED, fatalis : ill-f, See Unlucky. If you are f. (to do so and so), si tibi fatum est (e. g. convalescere). FATHER, s. pater (v. pr. ; also as title bestowed on elder persons by their juniors). — parens (Ig^^T genitor, generator are poet.): f. and mother, parentes (poet, pa- tres): the /.'s.patres (the members of the senate): our f.'s, patres; majores (ancestors) : thef. of his country, pater patriae: to take after his /., patnssare (Com.): as a /., (e. g. to love aby), ut alterum patrem, in parentis loco : to be thef. of one's country, subjects, fyc, consulere ut parentem populo : the kindness of a /., *beniynitas patenia : the heart of a f., animus patrius : a f.'s joy, gaudium paternum (g. t.); *gaudium ex aucta stirpe or ex nato filio perceptum (fm the birth of a child). — *gaudium, quod ex liberis bene moratis percipitur (caused by the good conduct of o?ie's children) : the name of one's /., nomen patris; nomen paternum: f.'s brother, patrtius : fl's sister, anftta : to be a f. to aby, loco or instar patris ci esse; qm in liberorum numero habere (with ref. to a child) : the love of a /., amor paternus or patrius; caritas patria: to love aby with the love of a f, patria caritate qm diligere. Like a f., patris instar; ut pater; ut parens; patria caritate (withf. affection). FATHER, v. \\ Adopt, vid. || To ascribe athg (esply a book, poem, $c.) to aby, addicere qd nomini cs (Gell. 3, 3, of plays fathered upon Plautus); or ascribere or assignare qd ci. || To claim to be the author of a book, poem, fyc, dicere qd suum esse. *simulare se qd scripsisse. sibi ascribere qd (Donat., Vit. Virgilii). FATHERHOOD, paternitas (in the sense of paternal feeling or conduct, Augustin. Ep. 232).— animus pater- nus. FATHER-IN-LAW, socer. FATHERLESS. See Orphan. FATHERLINESS, amor paternus or patrius ; caritas patria (e. g. patria caritate qm diligere). FATHERLY, adj. paternus. patrius: /. sentiments, animus paternus, towards aby, in qm (i. e. the senti- ments wch the father displays ; opp. an. maternus, fraternus).— animus patrius (fatherly affection ; e. g. L. 2, 5, 8; opp. the sternness wch Brutus displayed in the character as magistrate). FATHOM, s. *orgyia (bpyvid ; the Romans did not use this measure). — terni cubiti ; or prps ulna (a measure varying fm six to eight feet). \\ Penetration or depth, vid. || Fathom-line, cataprorates (= ' linea cum massa plumbea, qua maris altitudo ten- tatur,' Isid. Orig.). FATHOM, v. || To sound the depth of water, maris altitudinem tentare (Isid. Grig.). \\ To pene- trate into, explorare. pervestigare. indagare et pervestigare. perspicere: to f. the truth, quid verum sit, exquirere. FATHOMLESS, fundo carens (bottomless; of a river, Plin. 3, 16, 20). — immensa or infinita altitu- dine.— immensus (that cannot be measured). — inexpli- cabilis (that cannot be explained fm its depth) : the f. depth of the sea, infinita maris altitudo. FATIDICAL, fatidicus. divinus. FATIGUE, v. fatigare. defatigare (propr. and im- propr.; def. stronger term). Not to f. the reader, ne lectorem defatigemus : to f. oneself, se fatigare, with athg, qa re ; se defatigare (Plaut. Ter.). — se frangere. se frangere laboribus (by exertion, fyc.) : to be fatigued, fatigari ; defatigari, by or with athg, in re: fatigued, fatigatus; fessus; lassus. Jn. fessus lassusque (fatigatus implies the diminution of strength, wch causes a man ta need rest : lassus, the weariness wch longs for rest: fessus is the more»general term, implying both the diminution of strength, and the sense of weariness ; hence used of being tired of a war, tired of weeping, FAT tired by a journey, #c. : lassitudo is less than fatiga- tio : lassitudo, quae citra fatigationem est, Cels.). Fatigued by a journey, de via fessus : quite f., de- fatigatus ; defessus ; lassitudine confectus. FATIGUE, s. fatigatio. defatigatio.— lassitudo (lassi- tude). — languor (languor). — labor (great exertion): the f.'s of the journey, vexatio viae (Col.) : able to bear /., patiens laboris. FATNESS, pinguitudo (of any kind of /., as well of animals as of the soil, fyc). — obesitas (the plumpness of persons and beasts; opp. gracilitas). — pinguedo (the greasy condition or thickness of athg). FATTEN. See To Fat, v. FATTY, adipatus (e. g. puis, edulium). FATUITY, fatuitas.— stultitia, &c. See Folly. FATUOUS, fatuus, vecors, &c. See Foolish. FAUCET, epistomium (kmcnoniov) ; pure Latin, ob- turamentum. — H^f The 'spigot' was called manu- brium epistomii. FAULT, vitium (/caxta, any physical or moral im- perfection, as a quality, not punishable, but open to censure ; hence also of natural defects, e. g. of a body, of the organs of speech, oris, and even of gram- matical f.'s, s. Q. 1, 5, 5, sqq.). — mendum (a blunder; in composition, fyc. : but 0. has also mendo facies caret). — error, erratum (an errour committed fm oversight, whether in a moral or a physical respect; hence of mistakes or f.'s in scientific or artistical matters, erra- tum fabrile, s. C. Att. 6, 1, 17 ; and error, in Q. 1, 5, 47, of a grammatical f. — Opposed to erratum is recte factum and vitium, as quality, s. C. Cluent. 48, 133; non dicam vitium, sed erratum). — lapsus (a slip). — peccatum. delictum (an offence ayst either prudence or morality, errours, mistakes, sins ; they are used by C. promiscuously ; then also of grammatical errours, as C. Tusc. 3, 20, 47 ; paucis verbis tria magna peccata ; compare with Q. 1, 5, 47 and 49, where peccare and delinquere are used in the same sense). To commit a /., errare, labi (lo make a blunder, slip, fyc.) ; peccare. pec- catum admittere (to act wrong ; pecc. also of gramma- tical faults): a great or gross f., turpissime labi in re: to pardon a f. that should be attributed to human in- firmity, veniam errori humano dare : to be looked upon as a /., vitio esse : to correct a /., mendum, errorem, peccatum (with distinction above explained) corrigere : to correct a f. that one has committed, mendum tollere ; errorem tollere: full of f.'s, vitiosus. mendosus: very full, in quo multa vitia insunt (e. g. of writings, with ref. to grammatical errours, aft. Q. 1, 5, 36) ; in quo multa perperam dicta sunt (with ref. to the assertions made, fyc); mendosissime descriptus (with ref. to the part of the copyist or printer) : quick at seeing the f.'s of one's neighbour, acrius videre vitium in alio . to see the f.'s of others, and be blind to one's own, aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum (C. Tusc. 3, 33, 73) ; magis in aliis cernere, quam in nobismet ipsis, si quid delinquitur (C. Off. 1, 41, 146) ; videre nostra mala non possumus; alii simul delinquunt, censores sumus (Phcedr. 4, 10 (9), 5); aliorum vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo nostra (Sen. de ird, 2, 28, 6) ; papulas observas alienas, ipse obsttus plurimis ul- ceribus (id. de vit. beat. 27, 4); Quum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus inunctis, Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum, Quam aut aquila aut serpens Epi- daurius 1 (H. Sat. 1, 3, 25, sqq.) : to impute athg to aby as af., ci qd vitio dare, ducere, vertere : to have slight f.'s, mediocribus vitiis teneri(t); many, vitiis excellere, abundare : having no f.'s, See Faultless : to find f. with aby for fyc, vitio ci dare, quod &c. : they find f. with me for being so distressed at aby's death, vitio mihi dant, quod cs mortem tam graviter fero (C.) : all singers have this /., omnibus hoc vitium est cantoribus (+) : it is my /., mea culpa est : it is entirely my own f., culpa mea propria est: to confess that one was in /., culpam or facinus in se admittere : to say that nobody was in f. but oneself, in se transferre omnem culpam : athg was not my /., qd non mea. culpa factum est or evenit (Ter.): to be inf., in culpa esse : to be considered inf., in culpa poni : not to be in /., carere culpS; abesse a culpa; esse extra culpam: to be equally in /., simili esse in culpa : aby is in /., est culpa in qo : that was my /., id culpa contigit mea : it is, was fyc. no f. of mine, that fyc, non fit meo vitio, ut &c. ; non stetit per me, ut, &c. ; non impedivi quominus (I did nothing to prevent it) : it was his fault that . . . not fyc, stetit per eum, quominus &c. || To be at fault, Propr.) of dogs; nullius ferae vestigium exstat (Curt.); •nulla jam vestigia cernere, animadvertere, &c. ; *non jam odorari posse feram, &c. Impropr.) confusum et (344) FAV incertum esse (of Hercules, when he was at f. in conse- quence of Cacun's trick, L. 1, 7): or by nulla exstant vestigia (e. g. ad quos pertinet facinus, L. 31, 12); or pendere animi or animo. FAULT-FINDER. See Censor, Critic. FAULTILY, vitiose. mendose [Syn. in Fault]. — perperam (wrongly, not rightly ; opp. recte, e. g. verbum dicere, i. e. to use a word in the wrong sense). See also Defectively, Imperfectly. FAULTINESS, mendosa cs rei natura (aft. H. Sat. 1, 6, 66).— pravitas. — (H^g°mendositas and vitiositas, in this meaning, are only met with in very lute writers). FAULTLESS, ab omni vitio vacuus, vitio purus (free fm faults whether moral or physical ; of persons or things). — emendatus (cleared of faults, of writings, fyc). — emendate descriptus (copied without any fault; of MSS., books, %c.).— innocens (in a moral sense). Af. character, innocentia (cf. Bremi, Np. Arist. 1,2): a f. life, vita vitio carens et sine labe peracta (0. Pont. 2, 7, 49) : to be /., sine vitiis esse, vitiis carere or vacare (of persons and things) ; vitio et labe carere (with regard to morals and conduct; see 0. Pont. 2, 7, 49, and 4, 8, 20); culpa carere (of persons): to be quite f., vitio ab omni remotumesse. omnibus humanis vitiis immunem esse (of persons; see H. A. P. 384; Veil. 2, 35) : no man or person is /., nemo sine vitiis nascitur (t). FAULTY, vitiosus. mendosus. pravus (Syn. in Fault): very f., see 'full of Faults.' FAVORABLE, || Of persons and personified objects, favens ci. studiosus cs. benevolus ci or in qm (with the same difference as the substantives in Favour). — amicus ci (amicably or favorably disposed towards aby).— propitius (of the gods, and also of a su- perior towards his inferior, though less common in this case).— |gjg§r propensus and pronus, in the gold, age, only denote inclination towards athg, but not predi- lection for a person, as in T. #c. To be f. to aby, ci favere; favore qm complecti; cs esse studiosum : /. sentiments towards aby, propensa in qm voluntas. || Of things (corresponding with views, wishes, design, 8fc), faustus (as an effect of divine favour ; e.g. a day, omen, fyc). Jn. faustus felixque.— dexter (lit. on the right hand; of f. omens; of birds, fyc). — secundus (v. pr. of a f. wind; thin g. t. for what goes according to one's wishes; a battle, circumstances, an event, #c). — prosper (of what fulfils one's hopes and wishes; e. g. progress, event, consequence of an undertaking, return, circumstances, ^c.).-commodus(^, convenient). — ido- neus (suitable for a certain purpose). — opportunus (fa- vorably situated with ref. to place, then also with ref. to time). Jn. opportunus atque idoneus. — aequus (con- venient, of place and time, opp. iniquus ; mly but not always attended by a negative, see Cces. B. C. I. 85 ; cf. Suet.Cces.Zh). fijgjgT A possessive pronoun (meus, tuus, suus, &c.) is often sufficient to express 'favorable ;' e.g. to fight under f. circumstances or auspices, suo Marte or sua fortuna pugnare. I am fighting on f. ground, or in a f. position, meo loco pugnam facio. F. cir- cumstances, res secundae, prosperae (with ref. to for- tune, fyc); opportunitas temporis, tempus opportunum (times or circumstances that will favour athg, or be f. to athg, evuaipia): f.wind, ventus secundus or prosper or idoneus : to set sail with a f. wind, ad occasionem aurae evehi (Suet. Oct. 87): /. weather, idonea tempes- tas (e.g. ad navigandum) : /. season or time of the year, idoneum or commodum anni tempus : a f. place, ground, or spot (e. g. for fighting a battle), locus oppor- tunus or idoneus or opportunus atque idoneus; locus aequus : the ground or place, as well as the time being /., et loco et tempore aequo : he did not consider the ground f.for his army, non aequum locum videbat suis. FAVORABLY, bene vole, amice, prospere. fauste. [Syn. in Favorable.] To be f. inclined towards athg, propensum, &c. esse ad qd; ci rei studere; towards aby, ci favere; inclinatione voluntatis propendere in qm (stronger term, e. g. towards aby or a party, on the part of a judge). To make aby f. inclined to athg, cs animum inclinare ad qd (e.g. adpacem): I am/. disposed for athg, or to do athg, animus inclinat, ut &c. : not lo he f. inclined or disposed, a qa re alienum esse. FAVORITE, either carissimus (dearest). — praecipuus, praestantissimus (best) ; orCrcl. quern, quod, &c. qs in deliciis habet ; qui, quae, quod, &c. in deliciis est ci. A f. ape, simia, quam qs in deliciis habet A f. author or writer, scriptor gratissimi studii (aft. Suet. Ner. 47) ; scriptor, quern qs non legit, sed lectitat (aft. Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 18); scriptor, quern qs diligentissime cognovit, neque e manibus dimittit (C. Or. 30, 105). A f. book, FAV liber, quem qs non legit, sed lectitat {aft. Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 8); liber, quem qs non (or numquam) dimittit e manibus (aft. C. Or. 30, 105). A f. expression of aby's, *vox, qua longe omnium maxime qs utitur; *vox, quam qs in deliciis habet: a f. cup, poculum gra- tissimi usus : a f. dish, cibus delectabilis (T.). A f. maid, dilecta ci ex ancillis praecipue (i. e. of the women at court, aft. Plin. 35, 10, 36. No. 12, § 86) ; ancilla ci percara (aft. T. Ann. 13, ]9, 2); gratis- sima ancillarum (aft. Suet. Tit. 7) ; delicata (Inscr.). A f. notion, thought, species quaedam, quam am- plexatur qs : a f. opinion, sententia, quam qs ada- mavit. A f. occupation, *studium, quo maxime de- lectatur qs : athg is aby's f. occupation, qs maxime delectatur qa re ; qs maxime versatur in qa re. A f. pursuit, studium, quo qs maxime ducitur, or *cui qs maxime indulget ; sts fm the context studium, or in- genii voluptas only : to indulge in some f. pursuit, ani- mum ad qd studium adjungere : to follow one's f. pur- suit, ingenii sui voluptati indulgere : every body has his f. pursuit, suo quisque studio maxime ducitur ; hie in illo sibi, in hoc alius indulget; trahit sua quemque voluptas (Virg. Eel. 2,65): his f. pursuits, studia sua. A f. slave, dilectus ci ex servis praecipue. — servus ci percarus. — gratissimus servorum. — delicatus (Inscr.) : the latter was the f. slave of his master, is longe om- nium servorum carissimus erat domino (aft. Curt. 3, 12, 16): a f. theme or subject, res, quam qs libenter tractat ; *res, de qua qs saepe et libenter quidem dis- serit. A f. wish, *quod ci maxime in votis est. A f. mistress (being a slave), dilecta ci ex pallacis praecipue (Plin. 35, 10, 36. No. 12, § 86). A f. work, *opus, quo qs maxime delectatur. || A favorite, as subst. a) Generally, deliciae, amores. Jn. deliciae atque amores cs : aby is my /., is a great f. of mine, est mihi qs in deliciis or in amoribus or in amore et deliciis ; qm in deliciis habeo ; est qs in sinu et complexu meo ; est qs de complexu et sinu meo ; est qs in oculis meis ; est mihi qs percarus ; est mihi qs longe omnium (ami- corum, as friend; or liberorum, as child) carissimus: to beaf. of the gods, a diis diligi : to be af. with the people, popularibus carum esse acceptumque : no one was a greater f. with the people, nemo multitudini carior fuit : athg makes aby a f. with all the better sort, qd qm apud optimum quemque favorabilem facit (Veil.). */?) Of a prince, principi or principis fami- liaris (see Suet. Ner. 20, Fit.); also apud principem gratiosus : af. of fortune, quem fortuna complex.-, est or fovet : to be aby's /., gratia cs florere ; gratia mul- tum valere apud qm : to be the declared f. of a prince, principi omnium amicorum esse carissimum: of his freed men, his f. was Posides, libertorum praecipue suspexit Posiden (Suet. Claud. 28) : she was by far the greatest f. with her mistress, ea longe omnium ancil- larum erat carissima dominae (aft. Curt. 3, 12, 6). FAVORITISM, sts ambitio (the wish to obtain aby's f).—Crcl. To complain off., queri, quod qd per ambi- tionem factum (or non) factum sit or esset (cf. L. 3, 47). FAVOUR, s. \\Kind or favorable feeling (with ref. both to him who feels it, and to the person who is its object). — gratia, favor (the former objectively, as the state of him who is in favour with aby; opp. invidia; but also, though more rarely, subjectively, like favor, denoting the disposition of him who entertains a favor- able feeling for aby, but with the difference that grat. is confined to the disposition, fav. extends to the actual promotion of the person's views and interests. The opinion of some that gratia never occurs in a subjective sense, has been sufficiently confuted by Doderl. Syn. 4, p. 108 ; it stands for 'favour or kindness bestowed, esply by a female'). — Jn. gratia et favor. — studium (propr. the interest one takes in aby in general, then the enthusiasm of sentiment ; the zeal displayed in f. of aby ; esply of soldiers for their general; parties for their chiefs, fyc). — Jn. studium et favor. — voluntas (inclination or affec- tion, based on love and attachment). — benevolentia (well-wishing). — indulgentia (the particular f. bestowed on aby, whose faults one overlooks, whom one exempts fm hard duties, fyc. ; e. g. the f. shown by a prince to a favorite, as Suet. Vit. 5). — plausus (marks of /., ap- plause). The f. of a prince, principis inclinatio in qm ; gratia, qua qs apud principem viget; favor, quo princeps qm amplectitur. The f. of the people, gratia popularis (of the feeling) ; favor populi or plebis (as proved by marks of confidence, by support, 8(c): the wish to obtain the f. of the people, ambitio (e.g. C. Verr. 2, 2, 35) : to be in aby's /., in gratia cs or apud qm esse; esse in gratia cum qo (C): gratiosum esse ci or (.345) FAV apud qm (to be beloved) : to be in great f. with aby, cs gratiS, florere; multum gratia valere apud qm (with the notion, that one does or could exercise a certain in- fluence over him). See 'to be a Favorite with:' to show f. to aby ; to bestow one's f. on aby, benevolentiam ci praestare (of the sentiment or good feeling); ci favere (by promoting his views) : to obtain aby's /., se in gra- tiam ponere apud qm ; gratiam cs sibi colligere or con- ciliare (H^IT not acquirere, see below) ; in gratiam or in gratiam et favorem cs venire ; gratiam apud qm or a qo inire: to endeavour to obtain aby's f, to curry f. with aby, qm colere (by paying court to him) ; se ven- ditare ci (by extolling one's own merits, or by showing much attention to him, 8jc), in cs familiaritatem se in- sinuare : to aim at obtaining aby's /., cs gratiam quse- rere or sequi ; in qm ambitiosum esse (C. Qu. Fr. 1, 2, 2) : to retain aby's /., cs gratiam or benevolentiam or stu- dium ac favorem retinere : to endeavour not only to retain thef. of one's old friends, but to make as many new friends as possible, omnes gratias non modo retinendas, verum etiam acquirendas putare (C. Att. 1, 1, extr. ; acquirere gratias, = 'to obtain additional good will fm new friends,' is here correct; but it must not be used for conciliare, when there is no notion of this kind) : to forfeit or throw away aby's f, gratiam collectam effun- dere; gratiam corrumpere (Phcedr. 4, 25, 18): to lose aby's .f., gratiam amittere, gratia excldere (g. tt. ; for ' to be out of /.,' use the perfect) ; ex magna gratia et favore in invidiam cs venire (of a favorite, aft. S. Jug. 1 3, 4) : he is out of /., he has lost the f. of the prince, favor, quo princeps eum amplectebatur, elanguit (aft. Curt. 19, 7, 13, and L. 2, 56, in.): to recover aby's /., gratiam cs recuperare: to reinstate aby in /., qm in gratiam restituere or redigere ; in aby's /., in gra- tiam cs (i. e. in order to show him a kindness, as L. 39, 26 ; Hgp° ' in favorem cs ' is not Latin) ; pro qo ; secundum qm (for aby, or his advantage or benefit, opp. contra) : to decide a law-suit in aby's /., secundum qm judicare or litem dare : the suit has been decided in your /., pro te pronunciatum est (Gell. 5, 10). It may in certain cases be also expressed by the ' dativus corn- modi 1 only ; e. g. to do athg in aby's /., dare or tri- buere ci qd ( J^g° not gratiae cs). \\ A benefi t, bene- ficium (benefit). To do or show aby af., or bestow af. upon aby, ci officium praestare; beneficium ci dare, tri- buere; beneficium in qm conferre; beneficio qm affi- cere ; gratiam ci facere ; ci gratificari : a f. bestowed upon aby by a prince, beneficium principale (Plin. Pan. 36, 5) : as a /.', gratiae loco et beneficii. By the f. of God, *favente Deo. *adjuvante Deo. *Dei beneficio : through or by the f. of fortune, suffragante fortuna; of the people, secundo or favente or suffragante populo : the f. of one's vote, suffragatio : to acknowledge a /., ci pro re gratiam referre : in doing this, you have done me a great /., gratissimum iilud mihi fecisti : you can do me no greater /., nihil est, quod gratius mihi facere possis ; hoc mihi gratius nihil facere potes : if you vnll do me the /., si me amas (as form of request ; see Heind. H. Sat. 1, 9, 38) : / shall consider it or look upon it as a /., or you will do me a f. by it, hoc mihi gratum erit : to have had a great many f.'s bestowed on one by aby, magna cs liberalitate usum esse : you will do me a great f, or I shall consider it a great f, if fyc, magnum beneficium mihi dederis ; gratissimum mihi feceris, si &c. : grant me this /., da mihi hanc gratiam (Ter.) : to ask a f. of aby, or ask athg of aby as a /., petere a qo qd in beneficii loco : to ask him as a f. to do so and so, petere in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut &c. : ask him this f, ab hoc petito gratiam istam : to request aby to tell you whether there is any f. he would wish you to grant him. rogare qm, ut dicat, si quid opus sit (C. Tusc. 5, 32, 92) : do me the f. to send me fyc, gratum mihi feceris, si &c. || Leave, permission, vid. || Mild- ness, leniency (in punishing, fyc), lenitas. de- mentia, misericordia. indulgentia, &c. To show f. to aby, dementia uti ; clementer agere cum qo ; gratiam facere delicti (to pardon a fault, %c): to find f. (in aby's eyes), veniam impetrare (cs rei, obtain forgive- ness for it) ; placere ci (win his favorable regard) : no hope of f. is left, sublata est spes veniae. || Dispo- sition to support (as 'as to be inf.' of measures, persons, 8/c). See To Favour. FAVOUR, v. favere; aby, ci, cs rebus or partibus (v. pr. aby, aby's party, whether the good-will is mani- fested in action or not). — propitium esseci (to be kindly disposed towards aby ; cmly of the gods, seld. of men). — ci studere. cs esse studiosum (to be favorably inclined towards aby, esply to be zealous in aby's caune). — ju- vare, adjuvare qm (to support or aid; of persons and FAV favorable events, fortune, %c). — esse ci adjumento. afferre ci adj amentum (to support or aid; of persons only). — fovere qm. fovere ac tollere qm. sustinere ac fovere qm. gratia et auctoritate sua sustentare qm (to be a supporter of aby; to help to raise him, fyc. to civic honours). — suffragari ci (by one's vote, recom- mendation ; then also of favorable events). — velificari ci (lit. to spread sail for him ; to be zealous in forwarding his interests, Ccel. ap. C). — prosperare qm. obse- cundare ci (to promote aby's undertakings, fyc. ; of favorable events). — indulgere ci (to be partial, indul- gent, fyc. to aby, and so to allow him to take liberties, $c.) : favoured, gratiosus ci or apud qm (i. e standing or being in aby's favour). |@3P°' Favoured' is also favo- rabiiisifc Veil., Q., Sen. fyc, e. g. facere qm favorabilem apud qm, Veil. ; but never in the sense of ' favorable.' To be favoured by nature in athg, naturam fautricem habere in qa re : to be highly favoured both by nature and fortune, instructum esse naturae fortunasque om- nibus bonis : to be favoured by fortune, fortuna pros- pers uti : favoured by the obscurity of the night, the ves- sels reached the shore, naves noctis interventu ad ter- rain pervenerunt : to f. aby in athg, gratum facere ; gratincari ci qd ; dare, tribuere ci qd ; accommodare ci de re (to serve him with regard to athg or in athg, see C. Fam. 13, 2, 3): to f. aby in every respect, omnibus rebus or omnibus in rebus commodare ci (see C. Fam. 13, 53, 1, and 13, 35, 1) : will you f. me by fyc. ? gratum mihi feceris, si &c. || To favour aby with ( = oblige him by giving him, in colloq. language), dare, tri- buere, largiri ci qd : to f aby with a call, salutandi causa ad qm venire; with one's presence or a visit, praesentia sua (if one person), or frequentia (if several), ornareqm; with one's confidence, consiliorum suorum conscium qm facere et participem. || To resemble in feature, see To Resemble. FAVOURER, fautor (lie that is favorably inclined or disposed towards aby or athg, e. g. bonorum, nobilitatis, C; laudis, C. ; Fem. fautrix). — studiosus cs (see Fa- vour) : to be af. of aby, ci favere; cs esse studiosum. FAWN, s. *vitulus capreae (g. t.). — hinnulgus (a young roebuck). FAWN, v. fetus edere or procreare. catulos parere (g. t. for ' to bring forth' ). FAWN UPON. See To Flatter. FAWNER. See Flatterer. FAWNING. See Flattery. FAWNINGLY, blande.— per blanditias.— adulando. — more adulantium. — blanditiis vernilibus (T.). FAY. See Fairy, Elf. FEALTY, fides. To swear f., in verba jurare (L. 22, 11, extr.) ; to aby, in verba or nomen cs jurare (to take an oalh of fidelity ; of citizens, in L. 32, 5, 4 ; of official persons, T. Ann. 1,7,1; of soldiers, L. 28, 29, extr.); or by the general terms se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem cs permittere; recipi in fidem cs ; sequi fidem cs, &c. To allow aby to swear f to him, qm in nomen suum jurare pati (of soldiers, in Suet. Claud. 10) : to compel aby to swear f. to him, qm in sua verba jusjurandum adigere (of subjects, Cccs. B. C. 2, 18). See Faith, Allegiance, Homage. FEAR, s. metus (/., as a thought or apprehension that an evil, however distant it may be at the moment, may befal us ; it is based on precaution, deliberation, and circumspection ; cf. C. Tusc. 4, 7, 13, and 37, 80 ; 5, 18, 52. In a philosophical sense, ' metus' is the generic term, see C. Tusc. 4, 17, 16). — timor (/., as a feeling or anxiety wch an approaching evil produces in us ; it is esply a mark of weakness and timidity ; cf. C. Tusc. 4, 8, 19). Jn. metus ac timor. — verecundia (the shrink- ing fm athg wch would hurt one's feeling of self-respect : e.g., of disgrace, turpitudinis). — terror (sudden /., fright, manifesting itself by the paleness of the face, trembling of the whole body, and chattering of the teeth; see C. in the passages referred to). — pavor (thef. of the coward, or of one who is panic-struck, fyc. ; see L. 6, 12; terrorem equestrem occupatis alio pavore infer, compare C. §c, as quoted above).— trepidatio (thef. that manifests itself in disquietude, as in running to and fro ivilhout object, fyc). — horror, formido (denote the highest degree of f, horrour). Jn. horror formidoque. — timiditas (timi- d/fr/).— ignavia (the timidity of the pusillanimous man. 8$a|p° ' timiditas' may at times be excusable, but ' ig- navia' never is). A reasonable /., timor verus: an unreasonable or groundless /., timor falsus, inanis ; metus vanus : the f. of fyc, metus, timor cs (or cs rei), or a qo (or a re) : constant f. of fyc, timor assiduus a &c. : standing in f. of athg, metuens cs rei : a (salu- tary) f. of royal or consular authority, metus regius or consularis (cf. L. 2, 1, in.): thef. of their slaves, terror (346) FEA servilis ne suus cuique domi hostis esset (L.) : f. respecting one's domestic affairs, timor domesticus : fm f. of punishment, metu pcenae : fmf. of aby (i. e. to do athg), alieno metu facere qd : for f. 'the enemy should fall upon them, pras metu, ne hostis irrumperet: full off, metu (timore) perterritus, timoreperculsus, metu fractus et debilitatus (entirely beside oneself fm /.): without f, metu vacuus. Compare Fearless. To be without f, sine metu (timore) esse; metu vacare : to be or live in f, in metu (timore) esse; (but for ' me- tuere' and ' timere,' used absolutely for ' to be in /.,' we find no authority in Latin Dictionaries; 'timere' is however used in that sense by T. Agr. 32, 2) ; metuen- tem vivere (see K. Ep. 1, 16, 66) : to be or live in great f, in magno metu (timore) esse, versari; also pavere; trepidare, esply with metu, formidine (t) : to be in f. about aby, in metu esse propter qm : to be seized with f. respecting athg, perterritum esse metu cs rei : / am in great f. about you, praecipuum metum, quod ad te attinet, habeo: to be no longer in f, omittere, abjicere timorem : to be in f. by aby's means, esse in metu propter qm (C): to feel something between hope and f; to be divided between hope and f, inter spemmetumque suspensum esse (L. 8, 13); inter spem metumque fluc- tuare (L. 42, 59, 8) ; inter spem et desperationem haesi- tare (Curt. 4, 15, 3); dubia spe et suspenso metu esse (aft. Just. 19, 2, 11): to put aby in f, or to inspire aby with f, metum (timorem, terrorem, pavorem, formi- dinem) ci injicere, incutere; metum (timorem, terro- rem) ci afferre, inferre, offerre ; qm in metum compel- lere, conjicere: athg produces f, timor incutitur ex re: athg puts me in /., facit mihi qd timorem : in great f, qd me summo timore afficit : to be overwhelmed, fyc, beside oneself, #c. with /., magno timore affici, per- celli; metu frangi, debilitari, perterreri, exanimari (C.) ; timore perterreri (Cats.) : my friends are in great f. about me, maximo de nobis timore affecti sunt amici nostri : athg fills the minds of men with the greatest f, qd animos ad summum timorem traducit : the f they entertained of the aristocracy was sunk in the greater f. wch the Romans inspired, major a Romanis metus timorem a principibus suis vicit : to be seized with f, metus me invadit ; animo metus objicitur ; timor me occupat, me incessit; metu, timore affici (C.) ; in timo- rem pervenire (Ca?s.); metum capere (L.): all were thrown into great /., timor omnium incessit magnus ; timor incessit omnes magnus : they were thrown into great f. on account of or concerning fyc, timor magnus cs rei incessit: I am suddenly seized withf, subito me timor occupat; also timore opprimor: to lay aside, throw away, fyc. f, timorem abjicere, omittere (C); metum omittere (Cces.); metum ponere (Plin. Ep.); timorem deponere (0.), mittere (V.): they had laid aside their /., timor mentibus discesserat (S.) : to be tormented by f, metus me macerat, cruciat (aft. C): to let f. be visible in all he does, omnia trepidantius timidiusque agere : to entertain an imaginary f. of athg, opinione timere qd (C.) : to recover fm one's /., ex timore se colligere (Cces.); a metu respirare (C.) : I cannot speak for f, mihi lingua metu haeret: to obey the laws fm f, propter -metum legibus parere (C.) : my hair stands on end with /., formidine horreo: 1 am trembling withf, timore perterritus tremo; on account of athg, paveo qd, ad qd ; or, that $>c, ne &c. : / am almost beside myself with f , vix sum apud me, ita commotus est animus metu : without /., see Fear- less. FEAR, v. metuere, timere qd. (Compare here, and for the following verbs, Syn. of substt. in Feaii, s.) Jn. metuere ac timere. — in metu ponere, habere qd ( = metuere).— extimescere, pertimescere qd (stronger terms than timere).— vereri qm or de re (stands next to metuere, indicating fear, as produced by a sort of awe or dread of the magnitude, importance, fyc. of the object feared; hence it is the general term used when a person expresses an opinion, as a fear that something is oris not so ; it implying that the speaker will not venture to pro- nounce a positive opinion, but is afraid, fyc). — pavere qd or ad qd (to feel anxiety, or to be disheartened). — horrere qd (to dread; to shudder or shrink fm athg; e. g. numen divinum). Jn. metuere atque horrere (e.g. capital punishments, supplicia). — formidare, re- formidare qd (to feel a dread of athg; e. g. of death, mortem, &c.) : we f nothing, sine timore sumus: there is no enemy near to be feared, nullus in propinquo est hostium metus : to f. every thing or athg fm aby, omnia ex or a qo timere: you have nothing to f. fm me, nihil tibi est a me periculi : not to f. aby or athg, contemnere qm or qd : to f. death, mortis appropinquatione angi ; mortis metu perterritum esse; mortem reformidare: FEA to make abyf., see ' to put in Fear.' He made himself so I feared, tantum sui timorem injecit : wch or what I do not f. (i. e. wch I hope will not happen), id quod non spero {parenthetically used, see C. Rose. Am. 4, 10, Moeb.): If. (i. e. entertain anxiety, am fearful) for or about aby or athg, metuo, timeo, ci (rei) and de qo (qa, re) ; ex- timesco, pertimesco de re ; vereor ci rei : If. extremely, magno timore sum (opp. bene spero) : to f. for one's life and property, de capite fortunisque extimescere; to begin to /., ad timorem se convertere. //. that $c, metuo, timeo, vereor, extimesco, pertimesco, also hor- reo, ne &c. ; that not &c, ne non or ut {but not ut non) : I rather /., or f. a little, begin to /., that %c, subtimeo ne &c. ; subvereor, ne &c. : to make aby fear, that fyc, qm in eum metum adducere, ut perti- mescat, ne &c. (C.Mur. 24, init.): they begin to f. that fyc, in timorem perveniunt, ne &c. : it is to be feared, timendum est, periculum est, ne &c. : to f. nothing, bono esse animo; bonum habere animum {to be of good courage) ; securum esse {to believe oneself safe, with- out really being so) : to have nothing to /., tutum esse (to be safe in reality, whatever fear may be enter- tained): do not f.l or, f. nothing! bono sis animo ; or bonum habe animum ; noli timere or laborare ; omitte timorem: to f. God, Deum vereri; Deum vereri et colere : to f. (absolute), see ' to be in /.' in Fear, s. FEARFUL, || Timorous, timidus. pavidus. trepi- dus (Syn. in Fear, s.). — formidinis plenus (full of fear and awe, C. Att. 9, 10, 2, instead of formidolosus, wch does not belong to goodprose). — ignavus (cowardly; com- pare the substt. in Fear): to be f, timidum, &c. esse (but not metuere or timere, absol.) : to become /., ad timorem se convertere : to make aby f, see ' to put in Fear:' to pretend to be f, *metum (timorem), pavorem simulare : do not be f. ! omitte timorem ! || Dreadful, metuendus. timendus (that is to be feared). — terribilis (terrible). — horrendus (horrible). — horribilis. formidolosus (producing awe or horrour ; for- midabilis is foreign to good prose). — trux, truculentus (dreadful to behold, to hear, e. g. eyes, look, words, %c). — immanis (monstrous). — ingens (enormous). A f. war, bellum formidolosum, atrox : to present or depict athg as /., ad timorem qd proponere (C. Fam. 2, 16, 4) : as very f, ad maximum timorem proponere (ib.6, 3, 3): to make or render oneself more f. than powerful, plus timoris quam potentiae sibi addere. See also Dread- ful. FEARFULLY, timide. timido animo. pavide. tre- pide. terribilem or horrendum in modum. Syn. in Fearful. See also Dreadfully. FEARFULNESS, || Timidity, timiditas. pavor. trepidatio. ignavia. Syn. in Fear. || Terrible na- ture (of athg), terror; better pi. terrores. Sts atroci- tas, immanitas, foeditas, may do. FEARLESS, metu vacuus, quern metus nonattingit or terret. qui metu vacat or liberatus est (C). — impa- vidus. intrepidus (without apprehension or trembling). — audax (bold, intrepid). F. with regard to athg, securus de re (e.g. de bello; and of him who is unconcerned and without fear, even when he ought not to be so). To be /., sine metu (timore) esse ; metu vacare ; bono animo esse ; bonum habere animum (to be in good spirits). FEARLESSLY, sine metu. sine timore. impavide. intrepide. audacter. Syn. in Fearless. FEARLESSNESS, *animus metu vacuus. — audacia (boldness, intrepidity).— fortitudo (fortitude of mind of him who perseveres in athg). F. with regard to athg; e. g. death, securitas mortis. FEASIBILITY. To have no doubt about the f. of athg, *non dubitare, quin res perfici possit. FEASIBLE, quod fieri or effici potest.— facilis (easy, opp. difficilis). Athg is /., res facilitatem habet: it is not /., fieri or effici non potest : if it should be /., si res facultatem habitura sit. / do not think it /., qua ratione hoc effici possit, non video or non intelligo. FEAST, s. || A festival, dies festus. dies sollem- nis. dies festus ac sollemnis (a f. that is celebrated every year). — sollemne (a sacrifice celebrated yearly). — diesferiatus (a feast day, opp. dies profestus, Plin. 18,6, 8). |@gir festum is poet. only. To celebrate af., diem fes- tum agere ; during three days, per triduum (L. 25, 23) : to order that the day on wch a victory was gained should be observed as an annual f., inter festos dies referre (diem), quo victoria patrata est (T. Ann. 13, 41, 4). || An entertainment, convivium (any meal among friends, the principal object of wch consists in the enter- tainment, not in the pleasures of the table). — epnlum (a public entertainment, in honour of the gods, on the occasion of a triumph, fyc, or given on festival days). — epulae (a great f., attended with magnificent pomp or (347) FEA preparations, the object being principally the pleasures of the table). — daps (a f. with a religious object : used for a private entertainment, the word is poetical only, or post- Aug.). — A f. upon a sacrifice, sacrificium epulare : to prepare af., convivium instruere, apparare, compa- rare, ornare, exornare : to give a f. in honour of aby, ccenam or epulum ci dare : to give a f. on aby's birth- day, ci natalicia dare (see Wernsdorf, C. Phil. 2, 6, p. 193) : to give a /., convivium habere, agere : to go to a /., ad ccenam ire ; convivium inire : to invite aby to a f, qm ad ccenam invitare or vocare (See the dif- ference in To Invite) ; qm adhibere ccenae or in con- vivium (as well by inviting him as by asking him to stay when he is already present) : to be at a great /., in convivio interesse : to get up fm a /., surgere a ccena: to be about to get up fm a /., calceos poscere (since the shoes were taken off before reclining at table; see Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 3). gpr The words compotatio and conccenatio (see C. Maj. 13, 4, 5, and ad Fam. 9, 24, 3) are only litr. translations of the Greek avpnoaiov and avvbeinvov, and were never in general use with the Romans. Prov. Enough is as good as a /., qui tan- tuli eget, quanto est opus, is neque limo turbatam haurit aquam, neque vitam amittit in undis (H. Sat. 1, 1, 59); *ne te (nos,_&c.) plenior justo copia delectet (aft. H. ib. 56), or *stulti est de flumine quam de fon- ticulo qo tantundem malle sumere (aft. H. ib. 55), or *qui tantum habet, quantum sat est, is parum habere non potest. FEAST, || Trans.) hospitio accipere, excipere, reci- pere (g. t. for to receive ; ace. and exc. of friends, rec. of those who may need %c). — convivio excipere. hospi- taliter invitare. apparatis epulis accipere, excipere; invitare (as a guest at one's board): to f. with athg, pascere qm qa re (e. g. olusculis, C. Att. 6, 1, 13); apponere ci qd (to offer or place athg before aby, e. g. panes convivis, Suet. Cal. 37). || Intrans.) convivari (if at an entertainment with friends). — epulari (at a banquet or a great /.); with aby, apud qm. Impropr.) To f. on athg (i. e. delight in if), pasci qa re (C.) or delectari, perfrui qa re. To f. one's eyes on athg, pas- cere oculos qa re (or in qa re facienda) ; fructum ca- pere oculis ex qa re (both of feasting one's eyes on the sight of some evil happening to an enemy). — dare oculis epulas (Com.) : to f. one's eyes on a picture, animum pictura. (inani) pascere (V.). FEASTING, by pi. epulae (also impropr.; e.g., by f. upon good thoughts, cogitationum epulis, C). FEAT, s. factum, facinus (fact, simply as a thing done; facin. as manifesting a strength of character for good or for evil in the agent). See Action, Deed. A great or excellent /., egregie or egregium factum ; facinus praeclarum: an immortal /., facinus or opus immortale: f.'s, facta, orum (g.t.); res gestae, gesta, orum ; also res (f.'s performed with particular ref. to duty, esply f.'s of arms) ; acta, orum (inasmuch as a certain manner of proceeding has been observed in per- forming them) : glorious f.'s, laudes: noble f.'s, decora, um. F.'s of strength, Crcl. with certamen virium, or gymnicum certamen, corporum certatio (C), &c. To exhibit f.'s of strength, *ostentare quanto sit ro- bore, quantisque viribus : to challenge aby to a contest in f.'s of strength, *qm ad certamen virium provocare. FEAT, adj. sollers. astutus. callidus. versutus. vafer. subtllis. Syn. in Cunning. FEATHER, v. One who has feathered his nest well, plane bene peculiatus (of a rapacious governor ; Asin. Poll. ap. C. Fam. 10, 32, in.). FEATHER, penna.— pluma (down, down-like f.'s). —that has or is stuffed wilh f.'s, plumeus : covered with /., pluma tectus: full of f.'s, plumosus : that has f.'s (naturally), pennatus; plumatus; plumis obductus ( l^SF penniger and plumiger are poet.) : without f.'s, deplumis ; implumis : to get f.'s, plumescere : to have (9°l) f' s < pennas habere : to deck oneself in borrowed f.'s, alienis gloriari bonis (Phcedr. 1,3, 1). FEATHER BED, culcita plumea (C. Tusc. 3, 19, 46). FEATHKRED, plumis obductus. plumatus. pen- natus ( {SgfT plumiger, penniger, are poet.). FEATHERY, plumeus. plumosus. FEATLY, sollerter. astute, callide. versute. sub- tiliter. FEATURE, lineamentum oris (a single f. in the face, while ductus oris, in C. de Fin. 5, 17, 47, denotes the peculiar f.'s about the mouth of aby, opp. vultus, i.e. the f.'s generally ; the countenance). The f.'s, os. vultus. Jn. os vultusque; os et vultus. oris habitus (the formation of the face itself). — lineamentorum qualitas (the peculiarity of aby's f.'s). — Jn. habitus oris lineamentaqv» (X.) ; habitus ons et vultus (C.).— FEA oris et vultus ingenium (the general expression). — fades (face in general, e. g. noble f.'s, facies liberalis) ; the mother and her son resembled each other strongly in their f.'s, lineamentorum qualitas matri ac .filio simi- lis. || Impropr.) The f.'s of aby's character, linea- mentum animi (C. Fin. 3, 22, 75): to study the f.'s of aby's character, *lineamenta ingenii cs colligere : that is a noble f. in his character, *in hac re, ut in speculo, cemitur ejus bonitas (aft. C. Fin. 2, 10, 32). FEAZE, *retexere (e. g. a rope). FEBRICULOSE. .See Feverish. FEBRIFUGE, potio medicata danda in febri. potio medicata febri utilis (aft. Plin. 23, 1, 24). FEBRILE, febriculosus (Catull., Gell.)orgen febris. A f. attack, tentatio febris. g$gg£" No adj. febrilis. FEBRUARY, Februarius (mensis). FECES, || Dregs, sediment, vid. || Excrement, vid. FECULENCE or FECULENCY, feculentia (Sidon.). FECULENT, fseculentus (e. g. pus, Cels.). faeculen- tior (Sidon.). FECUNDITY. See Fruitfulness, Fertility. FEDERACY. See Confederacy. FEDERAL, foederatus. foedere junctus. A /. town or state, urbs or civitas foederata ; conventus (a town in wch national assemblies and courts of justice are held; see Plin. 8, 1, 3; thus the town of Frankfort, in the latter sense, would be, conventus Frankfurtensis) : a f. army, exercitus socialis : af. assembly, conventus. FEDERATE. See Confederate. FEE, s. || Loan of land, fyc. held of a supe- rior on some condition (e. g. that of perso- nal service), praedium velut fiduciarium datum (aft. L. 32, 28, p. in.). — praedium beneficiarium (aft. Sen. Ep. 90, 2).— ager velut fiduciarius (if afield, aft.L. 32, 28, p. in.). — ager beneficiarius (aft. Sen. Ep. 90, 2). A f. simple, *feudum liberum, immune et liberum : a conditional f, emphyteusis (Cod. Justin. 4, 66, 1; Justin. Inst. 3, 25, 3) : a f.-tail general, *feudum virile : a f .-tail special, «feudum muliebre : the heir of a (con- ditional) /., *heres praedii velut fiduciarii ; *heres praedii beneficiarii : that may be held in /., quod velut beneficium dari potest (in forensic Lat. feudalis). See Fief. — the law relating to lands held in /., eae leges, quae ad praedia beneficiaria pertinent: the granter of lands in /., patronus. *dominus feudii (t. t.) : the grantee, *cliens. *beneficiarius ; *vasallus. *feudato- rius (are both t. t.) : the tenant of lands held inf., *qui pro beneficiario est : to hold athg inf., praedium velut fiduciarium a qo accipere. FEE, s. || Payment (fixed or indefinite) of services (esply professional services), mer- ces. pretium operae or pretium only (reward for service rendered; e. g. to physicians, teachers, fyc). — honos, qui habetur ci (e. g. medico, C. Fam. 16, 9). — hono- rarium (post- Aug. ; but t. t. ; Traj. Ulp. e.g. advoca- torum). — annua inerces (if. annually paid, e. g. also of a physician; see Plin. 29, 1, 5). — commoda, orum ; sala- rium (paid to civil officers, the latter time of Empp.). F.'s of office may prps also be rendered by pecunia ex- traordinaria, or in the pi. by pecuniae extraordinariae (i. e. additional pay of a civil officer, perquisites ; see C. Verr. 1, 39, extr. ; 2, 70, 170). A f. for athg, merces or pretium cs rei. To pay aby a /., pretium operae solvere (g. t.) ; honorem habere ci (e. g. medico ; C. Fam. 16, 9). — If the sum is quite optional, qd may be used ; e. g. the physician must receive a /., dandum est qd medico : to ask double f.'s of aby, du- plices a qo mercedes exigere. The lawyer's f.s, im- pensae in litem factae (all the expenses of a suit). To make 40,000 sesterces a year by f.'s, (ex qa. re) quadra- gena annua capere. FEE, v. See 'to pay aby a fee;' also praemium (or -a) rei pecuniariae ci tribuere. — remunerari qm praemio, &c. || To Bribe, vid. FEE-FARM, emphyteusis (Cod. Just. 4, 66, 1 ; Justin. Instit. 3, 25, 3) : belonging to af.-f, emphyteu- ticus (Cod. Just. 4, 66, 1): to give athg in f.-f., dare rem per emph^teusin (ibid.) : an estate given in f.-f., emphyteuma ; praedium emphyteutieum (ibid.): to take afield in f.-f. (i. e. rent for a hundred years), con- ducere agrum in annos centum (Hygin. de limit, p. 205, Goes.). FEEBLE. See Weak. F. with age, senectute or senio confectus. defectus annis et viribus. defectus annis et desertus viribus (enfeebled with age), decrepi- tus (decrepit). FEEBLENESS. See Weakness. FEEBLY. See Weakly. FEED, cibum praebere ci (g. t. for giving him food). (348) FEE — cibo juvare qm (to refresh him with food). — cibareqni (esply poultry and children; the word is post- Aug.). — pabulum dare ci (esply to larger animals, as oxen, %c). — pascere (esply to f. sheep, goats, swine; both in the sense of driving them to pasture and watching them there, and also of keeping so many; also of feeding persons [olusculis nos pascere, C], but with ref. to feeding them like cattle ; and of a district feeding so many, = supplying them with provisions ; also of becoming the food of, agst one's will; e. g. qs or qd pascet corvos, tineas, &c). To f. with one's own hand, cibare manu sua (Suet. Tib. 72) : to f. well, largo pastu sustentare: birds f. their unfledged young, aves infirmis fetibus cibos ore suo collatos partiuntur (Q. 2, 6, 7): to f. a child, infanti cibum in os ingerere (C. de Or. 2, 39, 162). || lMPROPR.)nutrire(e. g. amorem, O. ; ignesfoliis &c, O.). — alere (e. g. a war, a contest, love, rage, #c). — sustentare (to support ; e. g. a war, aby's vices, fyc). — augere. alere et augere (e. g. desiderium, to increase it; opp. exstinguere). — fovere (e. g. dolores suos; cs spem). Tof. one's eyes with athg, oculos pascere qa re ; fructum capere oculis ex re.— dare oculis epulas (Com.). — || Support, supply with provisions, fyc, alere. — pascere (poet.). — sustentare. alere et susten- tare. — victum praebere ci.— nutricari (impropr. ; om- niaque [mundus] sicut membra et partes sui nutricatur et continet, C. N. D. 2, 34). See Support. || Depas- ture (as in l to feed your meadows;' Woodward), de- pascere. — immisso pecore depascere ( Ulp.). || To feed a lake, river, fyc, in lacum or flumen influere. || In- trans.) Live on, vesci qa, re (v. propr. ; came, lacte). — vivere qa re (to live on; de qa re is of the means by wch a livelihood is gained). — ali qa re (e. g. lacte). || Pasture (of cattle), pasci and (poet.) pas- cere (V.).— pabulari (to eat fodder). || Impropr.) pasci qa re (e. g. bibliotheca. cs, &c. ; of delighting in it). FEEDER, || He that nourishes, nutritor (post- Aug.; one who brings up, rears, fyc, either a person or an animal: cs ; equorum, Stat.). — altor (he that gives every thing necessary for subsistence ; cs, S. ap. Lac- tant., T.). || An eater, edens : a great /., homo multi cibi ; homo edax : a very great /., cibi vinique capacissimus (of eating and drinking in general) ; luxu et saginae mancipatus emptusque (the slave of his belly ; T.) : a greedy f., edax or (cibi) avidus or cibi plurimi. — vorax: a dainty /., gulosus. || Fountain, fyc. that supplies a main canal, lake, fyc. with water, ♦fons rivus, &c, qui in lacum (&c.) influit. FEEDING, pastio (e. g. the business %c. off. cattle, poultry, #c. ; Varr.). — sagina (the cramming or fatten- ing animals ; e. g. anserum, gallinarum; and also im- propr. of persons, multitudinem non auctoritate sed sagina tenere, by f. them; C. ; homo temulentus et sagina gravis, T.). FEEL, || To feel by the touch, tangere. — tentare, with or without digitis. tactu explorare ( both for the sake of examining). — attrectare ; contrectare ; pertrec- tare, also with the addition of manibus (to touch, handle): to f. aby's pulse, cs venam tentare (Suet.) or tangere (Pers.); tangere qm, or cs manum, venam (Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 4; where some editions have the one reading, some the other) ; apprehenderemanu brachium (Cels. 3, 6 ; where there is also corpori manum admo- vere). To f. aby, fyc. (to see whether he carries athg about him that is prohibited), excutere qm (in the sense in wch the Romans did this, namely ' by shaking aby's gown '). To f. aby's bed (to see if athg is concealed in it), cs culcitas et stragula praetentare et excutere (Suet. ; praet. = before one does something). || To perceive ; i.e. to become conscious of athg, sentire (also with a following participle as supplement ; used of both bodily and mental sensation; also of becoming conscious or aware of athg ; in wch sense, Jn. sentire atque intelli- gere). — (sensu) percipere (to comprehend or apprehend with one's senses). — intelligere (to comprehend).— affici qa re (to be affected by bodily or mental pain). To f. pain in some part of the body (e. g. in one's feet, fyc), sentire cs rei dolorem ; dolore cs rei affici or affectum esse ; dolet qd : to f. pain at or about athg, doleie qd or ex qa re (e. g. at aby's death, cs mortem, ex cs in- teritu); laborare qa re (to suffer fm athg, e.g. alienis malis) ; acerbe ferre qd (to endure with a keen sense of pain ; e. g. the separation fm aby, discidium) : to f. athg very keenly, magnam molestiam trahere ex qa re; magna molestia affici ex qa re (to be disagreeably affected by athg) ; magnum capere or accipere dolorem ex qa re (to suffer great mental pain) ; graviter or gra- vissime dolere qd (to be violently afflicted by athg) ; acerbissime ferre qd (to endure with a bitter feeling) : to f. the want of athg very severely, desiderio cs rei FEE '■•>:: ""'.•/^•r»7'"* :■ ~. angl; magna molestia desiderare qd: to f. athg very painfully, anxie ferre qd : to f. an affection for aby ; see To Love. — tof.an inclination, compassion, attachment, fyc. ; see those substt. : to f. the beauties of athg, e. g. of a speech, orationis virtutes intelligere or introspicere : athg is more easily felt than described, qd facilius intelligi quam explanari potest. || Mis- cellaneous phrases (esply with adjj.): to f. hungry, esurire {see Hungry or Hunger, s. — |g§p° not sen- tire famem [L. 22, 13], wch is to experience a famine) ; to feel thirsty, sitire. If. offended at athg, offendit me qd ; much offended, magnam injuriam mini illatam esse puto. If. dissatisfied with my condition, meae me fortunae pcenitet: he shall f. that there are vigilant Consuls in the city, sentiet in hac urbe esse consules vigilantes : to let aby f. one's anger, bilem effundere or stomachum erumpere in qm (by words) ; qs iratum me sentit {by deed) : to f. confidence in oneself, sibi confidere : see Confidence, or To Confide. to f. one's weakness or insufficiency, minimum in se esse arbitrari: lof. ill, minus commoda valetudine uti : //. rather better, mihi meliuscule est; vires recepi; he shall f. it, hoc non impune fecerit (i. e. he shall not have done it wtth impunity ; also hoc non impunitum omittam) : to f. for aby, misereri cs ; miseret me cs ; tenet me misericordia cs ; pari molestia affici {Sulp. ap. C): to f. vexed at athg, qa ex re molestia affici: to f. pleasure at orfm athg, voluptatem percipere ex re ; pain, dolorem capere ex re ; dolore affici, &c. : to f. angry, offend! ; ira incendi : to f. very angry, iracundia efferri or exardescere ; stomachari ; indig- nari : to f. angry with aby, ci irasci, succensere ; ci esse inimicum (to be hostilely disposed towards him) : to f. well, bona valetudine uti: to f. very well, optime vaiere or se habere : how do you f. ? quomodo te habes ? ut vales 1 I f. quite well, recte mihi est. 2" /. sorry, molestum est; doleo; pcenitet me cs rei. If. sorry for aby. See ' to feel for aby,' above: do notf. anxious about it, mitte curas. noli laborare de ea re: to f. dull, temporis or otii molestiam sentire ; *tempus tarde labens moleste feire ; otio languescere : I f. glad, that you are coming, gratus acceptusque mihi venis: If. happy at athg, hoc placet ; hoc mihi commodum est : you ought to f. happy or pleased at it, *est or habes, quod hac re gaudeas : / /. very weak, vires me deficiunt ; infirmus sum viribus : to f. too weak, parum habere virium. To f. one's way, abeo pedibus praetentans iter, or (if by the wall) abeo explorans manu parietes (both propr; aft. Tib. 2, 1, 78). — baculo praetentare iter (of a blind man; 0. lb. 261). \\ To try, periclitari. tentare. experiri [Syn. in To Try]. FEELERS (of an insect), sing, corniculum (see Plin. 11, 28, 35).— *antenna (t. t.). FEELING or FEEL, || The sense of touch, tac- tus. — sensus (the faculty of /., and the sensation felt ; also of mental sensations and feelings). — judicium (the faculty of forming a judgement of athg ; see C. Or. 8, 25 ; de opt. gen. 4, 11). — conscientia (consciousness, of athg, cs rei; see L. 8, 4; cf. 3, 60). — affectus (the permanent stale of the mind, the sentiment). A refined f., judicium elegans; judicii elegantia (with ref. to perceiving the nature of athg, with proper taste and discrimination): a correct and fine /., sincerum judicium et elegans ; judicium intelligens or intelligentia (the correct f. of a connoisseur). — $£$SF In many cases, however, our no- lion of 'feeling for athg, must be conceived in Latin in a more concrete manner, e.g. natural f., natura: good natural /., naturae bonitas (see C. Off. 1, 2, 5 ; si non interdum naturae bonitate vincatur) : tender, moral /., pudor (C. Fin. 3, 2, 9) : human f.'s, humanitas : moral /., verecundia: the f. of joy or pleasure, la;tiiia: a f. for the beautiful, elegantia (good taste); venustas (grace tliat aby displays; see Plin. 35, 10, 36, No. 10, § 79; Iggf"' sensus pulchritudinis' or ' pulchri' is bar- barous): to entertain af., sensu praeditum esse ; of athg, sentire qd. cs rei sensu moveri : to have no /., sensu carere. nihil sentire. nullius rei sensu moveri. a sensu abesse or alienum esse (propr.); durum, ferreum, in- humanum esse, inhumano esse ingenio (impropr.) : to be quite without /., tactu sensuque omni carere, also with the addition of sine quo nihil sentitur (propr.) ; omnem humanitatem exuisse, abjecisse. obduruisse et omnem humanitatem exuisse. omnem humanitatis sensum amisisse (impropr.): without f., sensus expers ; a sensu (a sensibus) alienatus ; nihil sentiens (propr.) ; durus. ferus. ferreus. inhumanus (impr.-pr.) : to have no f. of pain, carere omni sensu doloris : if the dead have any /., si quis est in morte sensus : the counte- nance reveals all the f.'s of the mind, vultus sensus animi indicant: the natural f. of mankind, communis (349) FEL sensus omnium: to touch aby'sf.'s, cs sensus inflectere (t V.; i.e. to inspire affection): those are instinctive f.'s, ea sunt communibus infixa sensibus (C.) : all the good partook of this f., unus sensus fuit bonorum om- nium (C): aby's political f.'s, cs sensus de republics : you will not find the same f. amongst the better sort, that existed when you left us, non offendes eundem bonorum sensum, quern reliquisti (C.) : to lose one's /., sensum amittere (propr.); animus obdurescit, occallescit (im- propr.; to become hard-hearted): athg produces or excites various f.'s within me, varie afficior qa re : to judge of athg not by rules, but by a certain natural /., non arte qa, sed naturali quodam sensu judicare qd : to judge after one's own f.'s, de suo sensu judicare : according to thef. of my heart, ex animi mei sensu (C. Rose. Am. 44, extr.) : to open all one 's f.'s to aby, ci sensus suos aperire (one's thoughts; Np.): to confide or reveal to aby one's inner- most f.'s, ci intimos suos sensus detegere (one's senti- ments; Sen. Ep. 96, 1) : fm af. of one's weakness, con- scientia, quid abesset virium : want of /., torpor (propr.); animus durus; ingenium inhumanum (im- propr.): the organs of /., sensus or tactus membra, orum (aft. Plin. 10, 70, 89) : the impressions made by /., demissa per tactum or sensum (aft. H. A. P. 180). FEELING, adj || Of persons, humanus. huma- nitatis plenus. multum humanitatis habens. humani- tatis sensu praeditus. — mansuetus (kind, gentle ; of men; then also of their hearts, fyc; opp. ferus). — mol- lis (opp. durus, &c). — misericors (compassionate). || Of things, mansuetus (of the heart, fyc). — mollis (opp. durus; e.g. of a poem). — animummovens or com- mbvens (touching). — misericordiam movens or commo- vens (exciting compassion). — magna cum misericordia pronunciatus (see Feelingly). FEELINGLY, magna cum misericordia (e. g. pro- nunciare, i. e. very pathetically, according to Herz. ; but others explain it, magna cum miseric. audientium, Cccs. B. C. 2, 12, extr.). — miserabiliter (e. g. mis. scripta epistola ; and tristia miserabiliter dicere, Q. 2, 4, 120). — Sts expertus in me (te, se, &c), as in ' to speak feel- ingly,' implying that one has had experience of the same thing oneself. To thank aby f., *animo commotiore gra- tias agere. FEIGN, fingere. confingere (to compose or make up athg that is not true). — comminisci (to invent athg that is not true). — simulare or assimulare, or, if an adjective follows as object, assimulare se; all either with ace. of the object, or with ace. and inf., or with quasi and sub- junct., as in the following examples (to pretend athg to be, although it is not; e. g. L. 1, 9; dissimulare being to conceal what really is). To f. that one is ill, simulare aegrum; assimulare se aegrum ; simulare valetudinem (to pretend to be ill, without being so in reality) : to understand well the art of feigning, artificio simulatio- ns eruditum esse : to f. to be learned, simulare se doc- tum esse ; simulare doctrinam : to f. to be happy, assi- mulare se laetum, or hilaritatem fingere : I will f. to be going out, simulabo or assimulabo, quasi exeam : I shall f. not to see them and that they are not here, dis- simulo, hos quasi non videam neque adesse hie. FEIGNED, simulatus. fictus. confictus. Jn. fictus et commenticius ; commenticius et fictus. — falsus (false). To bring af. charge agst aby, crimen ci affin- gere (T.) : to get up a f. charge, crimen confingere, com- ponere. A f. case, fictio (in Rhetoric) [Syn. in To Feign]: /. tears, lacrimae confictae : one little f. tear, una falsa lacrimula. FEIGNEDLY, simulate, simulatione. per simula- tionem. ficte (see also Falsely). FEIGNER. See Hypocrite. FEINT, || In fencing, captatio (e. g. Q. 5, 13, 14, si geminata captatio [e. g. gladiatorum], ut bis cavere, bis repetere oportuerit).— astus (the cunning resorted to in making a cut or thrust ; L. 28, 21, extr.) : to make a /., aliud ostendere quam petere (Q. 11, 1, 20) ; manum proferre ad evocandum adversarii ictum (Q. 5, 13, 4). i| Deception, simulatio. astus (see above).— stio-pha. (a cunning or deceitful pretext; see Plin. Ep. 1, 18, 6; Gierig.). — fabrfca (a cunning trick; Comic; e.g. fabrt- cis et doctis dolis, Plant.).— fallacia (deceit in general). To make af., stropham invenire (Plin. Ep. fyc); fabri- cam fingere (Comic); fallaciam intendere in qm; fal laciaaggredi qm (t). FELICITATE. See Congratulate. FELICITATION. See Congratulation. FELICITOUS. See Happy, beatus ( M aKdpr)). — species (the external appearance, whether agreeing with the real nature of the thing itself or not, eldos). Jn. figura et forma; forma ac figura ; forma figuraque ; figura et species ; forma atque species ; species atque figura or forma. Geome- trical f.'s, formaedgggTraoi figurae) geometricae(C..Rep. 1, 17); descriptiones (C. Tusc. 1, 17, 38). So in draw- ing, ' figure' is forma, not figura. To describe geome- trical f.'s, formas geometricas describere. The f. of a man, or the human f., figura hominum or humana; humana species ac figura; humana forma. To cut a badf. in athg, *parum honestae sunt meae partes in qa re: he cut but an indifferent f., *minus splendide se gessit. || In rhetoric, forma, orationis lumen or insigne or ornamentum (C. uses these expressions, but figura, wch afterwards became at. t., is to be preferred to them ; C. himself prepared the way for its adoption ; e. g. sententiae et earum formae, tamquam figurae. De opt. gen. orat. 5, 14): oratorical f.'s, orationis orna- menta; verborum exornationes (Auct. ad Herenn.). ®§p" ' Metaphors,' translatio, and ' tropes,' tropus, are distinguished fm figurae by Q. 9, 1 , 4. FIGURE, v. || To form into a determined shape, fingere. figurare. formare. formam cs rei fa- cere. imaginem cs rei ducere ; fm athg, ex re (to form an image out of any shapeless mass). See To Form. Jn. fingere et formare. To f. athg, qd in formam cs rei redigere. See also To Form. || To depict, vid. || To represent, as a type, repraesentare effigiem or speciem cs rei (io have or bear the image or look of athg). — indicare. significare (to indicate, to signify). || To diversify with figures, figuris ornare or variare (Q.). — distinguere (to ornament a surface by bright or other striking objects placed at inter- vals). Jn. distinguere et ornare. ornare et distinguere. Figured goblets, caelata pocula. || To conceive a no- tion of athg, or to repr esent to one's mind, cogitatione sibi fingere. animo sibi effingere. animo concipere : to f. athg to oneself, proponere sibi ante oculos animumque. FILACEOUS, usque in fila attenuatus. FILAMENT, filum praetenue (thin thread of flax or wool, then by analogy also of other things). But filamentum may be used as Botan. 1. 1. FILBERT, nux avellana, or avellana only: the tree or bush, corylus (icopuAor), or, pure Latin, nux avel- lana (Plin. 16, 30, 52) : made of a f.-tree, colurnus : a f. -hedge, coryletum. FILCH, clepere (implying contemptibleness of the action ; an obsolete word, wch has however remained in use when joined with another verb ; e. g. rapere et cle- pere, i. e. to rob and f. ; see C. de Rep. 4, 5 ; Prud. Psychom. 562) ; fm aby, ci qd.— surripere ci qd or qd a qo (wch is a less expressive and strong term, and may be used of any kind of theft, even if practised as a mere joke; e.g. multa a Naevio surripuisse).— furto subdu- cere. See To Steal. FILCHER. See Thief. FIL FILCHING. See Theft. FILE, s. || A thread, filum. linum. See Thread. || Papers filed on a string. (The Romans, for that purpose, used the ' scapus ' [a sort of rolling-pin] to collect or wrap papers round, wch latter was called 'volumen'). IM line of troops, ordo. Rank and /., milites gregarii (but only in a depreciating sense; as milites alone = ' common soldiers,' opp. officers). — || List of soldiers, fyc, index (g. t. for catalogue). — numeri (of soldiers ; for wch matricula was used late in time of Emperors ; Torrent. Suet. Vesp.6). || A me- chanical instrument, lima: to rub or smooth with a /., lima persequi. perpolire. FILE, v. || To put on a string, inserere lino (e.g. pearls; Tert. Hub. Mul. 9, 'margaritas inserere lino'). — resticulam or resticulas perserere per &c. (to run a string through athg, in order to suspend the object afterwards by it; e. g. resticulas per ficos maturas pers. Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 5). || To file a bill in a court of justice, see 'bring an Action.' || To rub down with a file, see File, subst. || To file off, delimare (if with af, lima). — descobinare (if with a rasp, scoblna). — also lima polire, propr. and im- propr. FILE, v. Intrans.) prps in acie procedere. FILIAL, pius erga parentes, &c. {with ref. to beha- viour towards parents, relations, fyc. ; ' erga parentes,' &c. may also be left out, if it can be understood fm the context) ; also Crcl. by gen. liberorum ; e. g. it is a f. duty, est liberorum: /. love or affection, pietas erga parentes, &c. ; see the remark on ' pius : ' to cherish with f. affection, prps qm pie or pietate colere (a father, a mother); qm patris (matris) loco colere (i.e. as a father or a mother). FILIALLY, pie. FILINGS, scobis elimata, delimata; also scobis only. — ramenta are what are shaven off. Brass f.'s, delimata aeris scobis (Plin. 34, 26) : hence iron f.'s, •delimata ferri scobis, &c. Ivory f.'s, scobis eboris (Cels. 5,5). (Priscian has scobs neut., and inCels. and Col. scrobis is found). FILL, Trans.) complere (to f. completely; e.g. fossas sarmentis et virgultis ; vascula ; paginam ; and fig. omnia terrore ; qm gaudio, bona spe, &c. ; also to f. with the full complement ; e.g. legiones). — implere (to f. by something put into it; e. g. ollam, pateram, gre- mium, &c. ; aho libros, volumina, and se sanguine, &c ). — explere (to f. out, so that no vacuum is left in- side, quasi rimas explere, mundum bonis omnibus, &c.).— opplere (to f. athg, of wch it also covers the sur- face, nives omnia; Graeciam bf.ec opinio opplevit). — replere (to f. again; e. g. exhaustas domos ; also to f. full, campos strage hostium). All tuese, athg with athg, qd qa re, except that L. has replere cs rei, and C. ollam denariorum implere, and career mer- catorum completus. — farcire (to stuff ; e. g. a cushion, a pillow, 8;c. with roses). — ref'ercire (to cram full).— cumulare {to heap), qd qa re. To be filled full of meat and drink, cibo et potione completum esse ; epulis refertum esse : to f. oneself full with food, se ingurgitare cibis ; of wine, vino se onerare. vino obrui or se obru- ere : to f. athg, i. e. to pour liquid into a vessel, plene infundere (to f. to the brim) : to f. a place with people, locum complere hominibus (a prison, car- cerem); locum frequentare (to cause any place to be filled with people) : to f. a page, paginam complere : Chrysippus has filled vihole volumes on the subject, de quibus volumina impleta sunt a Chrysippo: what is this ravishing sound that f.'s my ears ? qui complet aures meas tarn dulcis sonus? (C.Somn. Scip. 5): to f. the earth with the glory of one's name, implere or- bem terrarum nominis sui gloria. || To occupy (an office, 8fc), locum obtinere: to f. a priesthood, sacer- dotio praeditum esse. || To fill out. To f. one- self out, complere se (cibo, &c). || To fill up, ex- plere. — implere (quite full to the brim) : to f. up a ditch, fossam complere (e. g. sarmentis et virgultis), or implere (e. g. aggere, with rubbish) ; the gaps with stones, intervalla saxis effarcire. FILL, Intrans.) compleri. impleri. expleri. op- pleri. repleri. Syn. in To Fill. A ship f.'s with wnier, alveus navis haurit aquas (t); (omnibus) com- pagibus aquam accipere (to be filling with water through the seams). FILLET, \\A lie for the fore head, fascia (g. L). — vitta (worn by priests and other sacred persons, more esply however by women). — nimbus (worn by females, in order to make the forehead look smaller, Plant. Poen. I, 2, 135). Ornamented with a /., vittatus. || Of a co- lumn, corona. ggfT fascia, Vitr. 3, 3, is a division (355) FIN of the architrave, fl A roast fillet (of veal), lum- bus assatus. FILLIP, s. talistrum (Suet. Tib. 68, in.). FILLIP, v. *talistrum ci infringere. FILLY, equula. FILM, cuticula. membranula. pellicula. Syn. in Skin. FILMY, membranaceus. FILTER or FILTRATE, colare. percolare (g. «.).— liquare (in order to make clear). FILTER, s. colum. FILTH or FILTHINESS, sordes (opp. splendor; the result of indigence, or niggardliness and vulgarity ; e. g. of clothes dirty fm long wear, pun-or). — squalor (opp. nitor, through want of civilized habits, and of deli' cacy of feeling, fyc, e. g. uncombed hair, abxp-os). — paedor (opp. munditiae, through neglect of the person; e. g. through paediculos, vermin, itch, fyc, nivos).— situs (opp. usus ; in consequence of long disuse ; e. g. through mould, rust, fyc, afn). — lutum (mud or dirt of streets, roads, 8;c. ; i.e. earth and water). — coenum (mire, mud, as defiling and disgusting). — illuvies (heaped up dirt, fyc, that has gradually collected, and become a large offensive mass). — purgamentum (off- scourings, foul water, %c). Covered with /., oblttus luto, limo, cceno ; obsitus sordibus, squalore, paedore ; squalore sordid us ; paedore borridus : to be covered with /., situ squalere. FILTHILY, sordide, obsccene. Syn. in Filthy. FILTHY. See Dirty. FILTRATION, percolatio (e. g. uti percolationibus aquae transmutari possint, Vitr. 8, 7). FIN, pinna. FINABLE. To be f, multam commisisse : to be- come f., multam committere. FINAL, ultimus. extremus. novissimus. [Syn. in Last.] — immutabilis (unchangeable). A final edict, *edictum peremptorinm. In philosophical language, ♦finem significans (^§°not finalis in any sense). A f. cause, ultima causa (the most remote, but original and primary). FINALLY, ad ultimum. ad extremum. — denique. postremo (in the enumeration of several things; pos- tremo only before the very last; the other three before the last, or last but one). — novissime (in ref. to other preceding occurrences, Hirt. B. G 8, 48; C. Fam. 10, 24). — quod superest. quod reliquum est. quod restat. quod extremum est (in introducing a conclusion, fyc. appended to several preceding divisions of a discourse). FINANCE, || Of a private individual, res fa- miliaris (i. e. property). — vectlgal, or in pi. vectigalia (i. e. revenues) : finances that are in a bad state, res familiaris perturbata: aby's f.'s are in a bad state, com- minutus est qs re familiari. || Of a state or prince, vectigalia (revenue of the state).— aerarium (the trea- sury). — fiscus (private treasury of a prince, in time of Empp.). To regulate the /., vectigalia or rem publicam ordinare (aft. H. Od. 2, 1, 10): things per- taining to the f.'s, financial matters, *res ad vecti- galia (or ad aerarium) pertinentes ; also respublica (aft. the Greek noXneia, according to Morgenstern, in Seebode's Archiv. 1829, No. 17, p. 68 ; e. g. modica respublica novis sumptibus atterebatur, Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 10): the science of f , doctrina rerum ad vectiga- lia pertinentium : the administration of the f.'s, cura aerarii (Suet. Oct. 36): minister off, i. e. our 'first lord of the treasury,' cui cura aerarii tradita est (aft. Suet. Oct. 36). FINANCIAL, ad vectigalia or ad aerarium pertinens : the f. department, cura aerarii. FINANCIER. See Finance. FINCH, *fringiHa (Ziww.). FIND, || To discover, fyc, invenire (v. pr. of one who arrives at the knowledge of what has hitherto been unknown to him, esply if the thing is found unintentionally and without effort, evoianeiv : but obs. invenire, as the generic term, is used in all the meanings of our 'to find;' e.g. scuto relato inventa sunt in eo foramina exx, Cccs., where, of course, the effort of counting the holes was made; so i?i construc- tions like ' but few men are found who' %c). — reperire (to f. after long seeking, with the accessory notion of the relatively deep concealment of what is found, uvevpiGKetv). — offendere (to light upon athg, to meet accidentally, come, as it were, into contact with an event, 8fc, with accessory notion of surprise, either on the part of the subject that finds, or on the part of the object found, evrvyxof^ 1 *')- — deprehendere in re (to find aby engaged in any occupation, mostly of a dishonest nature; it implies a design on the part of the finder, and 2 A2 FIN an unwillingness on the part of the person found, kyKara- \an/3dveiv Ttvd nvi; also with ace. only, deprehen- dere venerium in manibus cs, C. Muretus, §c. use incorrectly multi deprehensi sunt, &c, for reperti sunt). — animadvertere (to perceive, esply in others) : I f. it stated in the (original) historians, that fyc, apud auctores invenio &c. : a very few discovered some boats, and thus found a means of escape, perpauci lin- tribus inventis sibi salutem repererunt : to f. words is an easy matter to the innocent, verba reperire inno- cent! facile : you will not f. the same feeling that you left here, non offendes eundem bonorum sensum, quern reliquisti (C. Fam. 2, 1, 9): they found the temple still unfinished, nondum perfectum templum offenderunt. || To be found, inveniri. reperiri. — gigni (to be produced somewhere, of natural products) : to be found abundantly, qa re qd abundat (i. e. athg abounds in), or repertum est (athg is quite full of athg; scatet is post-Class.) : instances of refined and intellec- tual bantering are found abundantly in the writings of the Socratic school, ingenioso et faceto genere jocandi philosophorum Socraticorum libri referti sunt : only to be found in such and such a person, in qo esse solo (i. e. to be inherent in that person only; e. g. C. Off. 3, 3, 13): there is no longer any trace of it to be found, *ne vestigium quidem reliquum est. || To receive, to obtain, to meet with, invenire (evpianeiv, see Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 39) : athg is very hard to f., qd difficillime reperitur : to f. audience or a hearing, a qo audiri ; assistance, a qo juvari, auxilio juvari : to f. compassion, cs miserieordiam commovere, concitare : he found admirers, erant (non deerant) qui eum ad- mirarentur : to f. favour with aby, cs gratiam sibi conciliare ; inire gratiam a qo, or apud (ad) qm : to f. one's death, perire ; in battle, pugnantem cadere, prceliantem ocefdere. || To feel, sentire. To f. pleasure, fyc. in athg, delectari, oblectari qa re : to f. it necessary, opus esse arbitrari ( $*jf not necesse, necessarium, &c. invenire). \\ To comprehend, to see, videre. reperire (to f. by experience). — invenire. intelligere (to conceive, to see). — cognoscere (after exa- mination, to learn, to become acquainted with a thing as it really is ; e. g. I f. it impossible, video, id fieri non posse : you will f. him an obliging person, homi- nem officiosum cognosces). || To f. a man in athg, see 'to provide with.' || To find out, invenire. reperire. deprehendere (the last, esply of finding out something wrong, detecting, fyc, depr. facinora oculis). To f. out where he is, invenire locum, ubi sit: to f. out ( = invent) arts, artes invenire. || Miscellaneous : To f. aby guilty, see Guilty. To f. fault with aby, reprehendere qd in qo (to censure in general, opp. pro- bare) ; vituperare, aby or athg, qm or qd or qm in qa re (to censure as faulty, opp. laudare) ; desiderare or requirere in qo (to reprove; the latter in C. Mur. 29, 61): to f. fault with athg, fastidire in re, or with accus. and infin. : a person who is always finding fault, mo- rosus ; difficilis ; Jn. difficilis et morosus. FINDER, inventor, repertor. FINE, || Thin, subtilis (e.g. of things woven; not coarse, opp. crassus ; e. g. thread, leather, flour, juice, fyc). — tenuis (thin, not thick, opp. crassus; e.g. wool, needle, garment, #c). — exllis (not strong, mly with blame; indicating insufficiency, esply of the voice; see Q. 11, 3, 15). || Pure, purus (e. g. gold, silver, sugar, %c). — obryzus (that has been proved by fire, aurum. Vulg. 2 Chron. 3, 5; cf. Petroiu 67, 6, Bur- mann.). \\ Of pleasing, striking exterior, 8fC, bellus. A f. shape, forma liberalis. \\ Ironically used; bonus (propr. good, as it ought to be, but also ironically ; e. g. a f. general indeed ! bonus imperator ! see Heind. H. Sat. 2, 2, 1). — egregius. eximius (dis- tinguished; e. g. action, face, smell, fyc). — praeclarus (grand, magnificent, e. g. deed ; also ironically, e. g. a f. philosophy forsooth! praeclara sapiential). || Mis- cellaneous constructions: the f. arts, artes ele- gantes ; artes ingenuae, liberates : those are f. words, but nothing else, verba isthaec sunt : a f. opportunity, occasio maxime opportuna : a f. gentleman, homo ad unguem factus (satirically, as H. Sat. 1, 5, 32). — homo omni vita atque victu excultus atque expolitus (with praise). \\ Acute, elegans (discerning acutely, with respect to the taste in wch that discernment dis- plays itself). — subtilis (with ref. to the acuteness of the mental faculties, by wch the object is clearly conceived and distinguished fm others). — argutus (sharp, subtile). — perspicax (penetrating).— sagax(o//. smell; then also = seeing clearly) : a f. ear, aures elegantes, eruditae, teretes : a f. distinction, tenue diserimen. || Cu n- ning, callidus. versutus. See Cunning. \\Splendid, (356) FIN magnificus (whatever is imposinc, or has an imposing effect by its exterior; e. g. edifice, utensils, fyc). — splendidus (lordly). Jn. splendidus et magnificus. praeclarus (distinguished fm the rest or all others of the kind); Jn. magnificus et praeclarus. See also Splendid. || Very f. I belle! pulchre ! FINE, s. poena pecuniaria (g. t. Ulp. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6). — damnum, mulcta or multa (damn, the f. as so much loss to him who pays it ; mult, as a compensation to the injured person, the payment of wch is justly inflicted on the injurer). — lis. lis aestimata (thef. wch is imposed by the judge, see Herz. Cces. B. G. 5, 1 ; Bremi, Np. Milt. 7, 6). The being condemned to pay a /., con- demnatio pecuniaria (Ulp. Dig. 42, 1, 6). — pecunia mul- taticia. argentum multaticium (the money itself): to impose a f. on aby, poena pecuniaria (or multa et poena or pecunia) multare qm: to condemn aby to pay a /., multam ci dicere dgg^mult. irrogare is the demand made by the accuser or tribune of the people, that the accused person should pay such or such a sum) : to sub- ject oneself to a /., multam committere: not to be able to pay a /., multam ferre non posse. [| F. ( = end). See Finally. FINE, v. || To impose a fine, see Fine, subst. || It efi n e, vid. FINEDRAW, consuere.— obsuere. FINEDRAWER, puella or mulier, quae acu victum quaeritat (aft. Ter. Andr. 1, 1,48; i. e. a sempstress in general). FINELY, pulchre. belle, eleganter (beautifully, #c.).— subtiliter. argute, callide. versute (cunningly, 8(C). — bene, egregie. eximie. praeclare (well, excel- lently). To bef. painted, pulchre pictum esse. FINENESS, subtilitas (fineness, delicacy ; impropr. acuteness in thinking or discerning).— tenuitas (thinness, C.Tusc. 1,22, 50).— praestantia (inherent excellence). — elegantia (in speaking, discerning, fyc, inasmuch as it displays taste). — argutiae (acuteness, subtlety; e. g. of a speech). FINER, flator (*Pompon. Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 29). FINERY, cultus justo mundior (L. 8, 15).— cultus speciosior quam pretiosior: holiday f., ornatus dierum sollemnium. FINESPUN. See Fine. FINESSE, calliditas. versutia. See Cunning. FINGER, digitus (also as measure; e. g. four f.'s long, broad, thick, quatuor digitos longus, latus, cras- sus). — pollex (the thumb, also as measure). Thefore-f., digitus apollice proximus (Appul. Met. 1, p. 105, 37); index digitus (H. Sat. 2, 8, 26; Plin. 28, 2, 5); digi- tus salutaris (Suet. Oct. 80) : the middle /., digitus me- dius (Plin. 11, 43, 99; Q. 11, 3, 92; Mart. 2, 28, 2); digitus famosus or infamis (Schol. Cruq. H. Sat. 2, 8, 30 ; Pers. 2, 33) ; digitus impudicus (Mart. 6, 70) : the third /., digitus medicus or medicinalis (Schol. Cruq. fyc. ; Macrob. Sat. 7, 13); digitus minimo proximus (Gell. 10, 10, according to wch passage the ring was worn on that f. of the left hand; also Macrob. p. 260) ; digitus minimo vicinus (Macrob.): the little f., digitus minimus (H. Sat. 1, 4, 14; Plin. 11, 43, 99; Gell. 10, 10); digitus brevissimus (Macrob.): a f. long, or of the length of a /., longitudine digital! : a f. in width, digitalis ; latitudine digitali or unius digit! : half a f. wide, semidigitalis : a or one f. thick, or of the thickness of a /., crassitudine digitali : to be of the width of ten f.'s, cs rei latitudo digitorum decern est . of the thickness of two f.'s, crassitudine biniim digitorum : to put one's f. on a verse or a passage, when one looks off the book, *versum digito premere : to put one's f. on one's lips, digito suadere silentium (i. e. as a sign or signal that silence is required, as O. Met. 9, 691): to stretch out the middle /., digitum medium porrigere (t) : to lift one's f. (in bidding or voting), digitum tol- lere : to point to athg or aby with one's /., digitum in- tendere ad qd or ad qm ; digito (not digitis) monstrare qd or qm ; demonstrare qd or qm ; digito demonstrare qm conspicuumque facere (in order to direct the eyes of people on aby, Suet. Oct. 45, extr.) ; digito monstratur qs : to count athg over, or to calculate on one's f.'s, in digitos digerere ; digitis, per digitos numerare ; digitis computare : to have a thing at one's f.'s' end, in qa re versatum esse; qd cognitum habere (to be well versed in it) ; regnare in qa re (to be proficient in athg ; see C. Or. 27, 128) ; memoriter pronunciare, enumerare (to know by heart): to have every thing, 8,-c, nulla in re rudem esse : to see the f. of God in athg, *divinitus qd accidisse putare : / don't choose to have any f..in it, hanc rem non attingam : in the shape of a /., in for- mam digiti redactus (aft. Col. 12, 15, extr.) : a small f., digitulus ( g^T digitus minimus means the little f. of FIN the hand) : f.-nail, unguis : the tip of the f.'s, digitus extreraus : to touch athg with the tip of one's f.'s, digitis extremis attingere. gg|r digiti primores and digitus primus, however, standjor the first joint of the f. To make a sign to aby with one's f., per digitorum gestum significare qd (aft. O. Trist. 5, 10, 36) : to speak with one f.'s, digitis loqui (ib. 2, 453); in vicem sermonis digitis uti (aft. Solin. 30, 13) : the art of speaking with one's f.'s, digitorum signa, pi. (Q. 11, 3, 66). — digiti nostram voluntatem declarantes : to beat or keep time with one's f.'s, digitis vocem gubernare (aft. Petron. 127). FINGER, v. tangere, tentare, both with or without digitis. tactu explorare (both for the sake of investiga- ting).— attrectare. contrectare. pertrectare, also with addition of manibus. FINGER-POST, *pila itineris index. || Imtropr.) To serve as a f.-p., non ipsum ducem esse, sed com- monstrare viam, et, ut dici, solet, digitum (ad fontes) intendere (the subst. with ad must be chosen according to the meaning ; C. de Or. 1, 46, 203). FINICAL, putidus (affected, esply in speaking). — quaesitus (not natural, but studied). — ascitus (not natu- ral, but borrowed fm others). — ineptus (not natural, but produced by constraint). See Affected. FINICALLY (e.g. to speak f), inepte. putide.— mol- lius (e. g. ineedere). FINICALNESS, affectatio (the desire of saying or writing athg conspicuously, or to render oneself conspi- cuous ; silv. age; see Bremi, Suet. Tib. 70). — ineptiae (in one's comportment). — «putida elegantia (in wri- ting). FINISH, Trans.) finire. terminare (denote the mere ending without ref. to how far the object of the action has been attained ; finire, opp. incipere ; terminare, opp. contiuuare). — consummare. absolvere. perficere (denote the completing a work, the bringing it to a proper and satisfactory end ; consumm. as the most general term, opp. leaving it half finished ; absolvere, opp. in- choare, denotes a duty fulfilled, a difficult task ended, so that the person is now free; perficere, opp. conari, refers to an object attained; to a task of one's own choice, wch may now be considered perfectly accom- plished, Sfc). — conficere (to f. athg made up of several actions ; e. g. bellum). — finem ci rei afferre. qd ad finem adducere or perducere (to bring athg to a con- clusion). — qd transigere (to conclude or settle some busi- ness). — qd profligare (to despatch it, with a single stroke as it were).— efficere (to bring about, to effect, if the final object has been obtained ; libri ad Varronem sunt effecti, C). — exsequi (to execute according to pre- scription, order, e. g. officiuni, cs mandata).— peragere (to carry through, if the business required constant acti- vity to the end, e. g. fabulam, consulatum). — pStrare (to present something as actually effected, completed, when the author and effect are clearly seen; e. g. caedem, bel- lum, incepta).— perpetrare (to bring about completely, with ref. to publicity ; non creditur, nisi perpetratum, facinus, L.). — |gg| It is but seldom that C. and Cces. use finire qd, except in the sense of putting a limit to athg, defining athg, fyc. : to f. a letter, epistolam conclu- des ; a war, bellum conficere, perficere or comprimere, but also finire. Again, finire cannot well stand in- trans., or rather absol. without object expressed : to give athg the finishing stroke, qd absolvere or perficere; per- polire atque conficere. — extremam or summam manum imponere ci rei (V. JEn. 7, 537; Sen. Ep. 12,4; Q. procem. 4). See To End, Complete. || Finished, absolutus. perfectus (absol. is extensive, referring to, the completeness of the work; perfectus, intensive, referring to its excellence). See End, intrans. FINISH, or FINISHING, absolutio. perfectio. ab- solutio perfectioque (the highest degree of perfection). FINITE, finitus. circumscriptus (limited). — non aeternus. interiturus (not eternal or everlasting). Not /., non finitus ; interminatus. FINITELESS, infinitus (without limits).— immen- sus (immensurable). FIR, abies ; abiStis arbor : firs, abietis arbores : the top or crown of af, sapinus; the lower part, fusterna : made of the f. -tree, abiegnus : a wood of f. -trees, lucus abietis arboribus septus : /. wood, or wood of the f. -tree, lignum abiegnum : a forest of f. -trees, *silva abie"tum : the cone of the f. tribe, nucamentum squamatim com- pactum ; also abiStis nucamentum (Plin. 16, 10, 19). FIRE, v. || To set fire to, ignem inferre, injicere or subjicere (e. g. aedibus). — initium incendii facere (to begin the burning of a town). — 1| Impropr.) To shoot off or at, 8fc. To f. a gun, *tormentum (-a) mit- tere, emittere (of artillery, §c); *tela mittere (Not (357) FIR sclopetum explodere or displodere). To f. at aby, ictum sclopeto mittere in qm; (of several) tela conjicere in qm; at athg, tormenta in qd adigere (Cccs. B. C. 3, 52) : to expose men, fyc. to be fired upon, sub ictum dare (T. Ann. 13, 39, 6) : to stand to be fired upon, ad omnes expositum ictus stare ; sub ictu esse (Sen. ad Marc. 9, 2 and 3). FIRE, s. || Propr.) ignis (anyf, itvp, as element, in the animal body, fyc. ; also watch-f., conflagration). — flamma (anyf. that gives aflame or blaze ; then the flame itself, netietv).— blandiri (to say what is agreeable to another, dpeo-Keveiv ; also to endeavour to curry favour by winning ways, marks of affection, fyc.)— adulari (to endeavour to curry favour at the expense of self-degra- dation, like KoKaaeveiv ; qm, seld. ci ; never in C). — aberrare in melius (of a painter ; aft. Plin. Ep. 4, 28, extr.). — nimium esse in cs laudibus (of an orator praising aby too highly). To curry favour with aby by €attering him, assentatiuncula quadam aucupari cs gratiam. If. myself (parenthetically), quomooo mini persuadeo (C. de Or. 2, 8, 122). Don't suppose that I say this to f. you, noli putare me hoc auribus tuis dare (C): to f. oneself with the hope fyc, in earn spem ad- duci, ut &c. ; sperare fore, ut &c. I f. myself with the hope, that fyc, magna me spes tenet with infin. To be trained to f. by long continuance of servitude, diuturna servitute ad nimiam assentationem eru- diri. The desire of /., assentandi libido (T. Hist. 1, 1,2). FLATTERER, adulator (the mean, degraded /.).— assentator (who always agrees in opinion with the per- son flattered). — homo blandus (who caresses or coaxes). Fern, adulatrix. assentatrix. mulier blandaor blandiens [Syn. above]. FLATTERING, blandiens. blandus. — jucundus. gratus (pleasant, ibid. Syn.). — honorificus (honorable). In a f. manner, blande. per blanditias: /. words or FLA FLE expressions, voces blandae ; blanditiae; assentationes (C. Ctuent. 13, 36). Syn. in Flattery: it is very f. to me, summo honori mihi duco. A f likeness, imago cs, in qui effingenda artifex in melius aberravit (aft. Plin. Ep. 4, 28). FLATTERINGLY, blande. per blanditias. FLATTERY, adulatio. assentatio [Syn. in To Flatter]. — ambitio (the soliciting aby's favour). — blanditiae (sweet words, caresses, coaxing) ; Jn. blandi- tiae et assentationes (C. Cluent. 13, 36). — blandimen- tum (the means by wch aby endeavours to obtain an- other's favour). — Dimin. assentatiuncula. Low or base /., blanditiae verniles (such as slaves use towards their masters; T. Hist. 2, 59, 4): without /., dicam enim non reverens assentandi suspicionem (i. e. I say it without fearing the suspicion of /., parenthet. C. de Or. 2, 28, 122); ambitione relegata (H. Sat. 1, 10, 84): by way off, assentandi causa ; per adulationem or assen- tationem: by /., per blanditias : to listen to f, adula- toribus patefacere aures : deceived by /., eblanditus (pass. C, though fm dep. eblandiri, Krebs.). FLATULENCY or FLATUOSITY, || Propr.) in- flatio. To cause f, inflationem habere, facere, pa- re"re; inflare stomachum (Cels.); to remove it, inflatio- nem levare, discutere. || Impropr.) See Emptiness, Turgidity. FLATULENT or FLATUOUS (e. g. food, cibi), qui inflant or qui inflationem habent. || Empty ; vid. FLAUNT, volitare (to flutter about ; e. g. in foro) ; Jn. volitare et vagari (e. g. in foro, C). — magnifice in- cedere (e. g. before the eyes of the people, per ora homi- num). — spatiari (to walk up and down with airs, or a pompous step). To f. about in gold and purple, insignem auro et purpura conspici. FLAVOROUS, jucundi saporis or odoris. — suavis. — bene olens (odorus is poet, only).— o&ox&tus (filled with perfume). — sapore praestantior (savoury). FLAVOUR, s. || With ref. to taste, sapor. A pleasant f., sapor jucundus. suavitas : to have a plea- sant /., jucundo sapore esse ; jucunde sapere : athg loses its f., cs rei sapor non perm&net integer: to re- ceive a f. of something else, alieno sapore infici : to have a bitter f., amarum saporem habere : athg has no /., cs rei sapor nullus est. || With ref. to smell; See Odour. FLAVOUR, v. sapore or odore qo inficere. — con- dire. FLAW, s. || Blemish, $c, vitium (g. t.). If there is no /., si nihil est vitii (in qa re). — |@§|r vitium is also a f. in jewels (Plin.). — sarcion ( = quaedam gemmae caro, arapKiov) was a particular kind of f. in a diamond; Plin. 37, 5, 8. || A g us t of wind, impetus venti. turbo. || C ommotion of the mind (obsol.), vehe- mentior animi concitatio. animi motus, impetus, ardor, animi permotio. || Tumult ; see Commotion. FLAW, v. See To Break, Crack. FLAWY, rimosus (full of flaws).— vitiosus. men- dosus [Syn. in Fault"!. FLAX, linum : the refuse of spun f. (tow), stupa: to pull /., linum evellere : to sleep the /., lini virgas in aquam mergere ; linum macerare : to comb the /., linum ferreis hamis pectere : combed f., linum factum : uncombed f, linum crudum, infectum : off. or flaxen, lineus. On the ancient methods of preparing f., see Plin. 19, 1, 3. The cultivation or growing of /., *lini cultura : a bundle off., fasciculus lini manualis : the thread of f. ; spun /., linum netum (Ulp. Dig. 32, 3, 70, § 11): the combing of /., ars lini depectendi : a mallet to beat f. with, malleus stuparius. FLAX-COMB, hami ferrei. pecten. FLAXEN, || Made of flax [Syn. in Flax]. U F air, ftavus. subflavus. FLAY, pellem detrahere ci or cs corpori (of a beast). — deglubere qm (of a person) ; also qm vivum (if alive). — [ggg^glubere, deglubere, post-Class, in prose. FLAYER, *qui pecus morticinum deglubit. FLEA, pulex. Full of f.'s, pulicosus : to clean fm f.'s, *pulicibus liberare. FLEA-BANE, psyllion (Plin.).— *plantago psyllium (Linn.). FLEA-BIT (i. e. spotted), maculatus. maculosus. maculis sparsus. — varius (of diversified colours). FLEAM, sagitta (in use before Veget., and answering entirely to the English ' lancet'). — scalpellus or scalpel- lum (an instrument used as well for surgical opera- tions as for bleeding). See Lancet. FLECK, or FLECKER. See To Streak, To Dapple. FLEDGED, adultus (grown up, so as to be ready to fly; Q. 2, 6, 7).— confirmatus (grown strong ; Col. 8, 9, (363) 4) — plumis obductus ; plumatus. Not yetf, infirmus. gj§p° The forms plumiger and penniger are poet, — To be /., pennas habere (Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 15); pennulis uti posse (C. N. D. 2, 52, 129) : the young ones are nearly /., pennae nascuntur pullo: to become /., plu- mare (Gell.), plumescere (Plin.). FLEE. See To Fly. FLEECE, vellus. The golden f, pellis aurata, in- aurata(t); pellis aurea; auratae ovis pellis. The order of the golden /., *turma equestris pelle aurea insignis. FLEECE, || To shear, vid. || To plunder, vid. FLEECY, laniger (wool-bearing; pecus, C. ; biden- tes. V.) — lanosus (woolly ; opp. glaber; vellus, App.). FLEER. See Mock. FLEER, s. See Mockery ; Grin, s., &c. FLEERER. See Mocker. FLEET, s. classis. To build a /., classem aedifi- care, facere ; efficere (to contrive to bring it together, or to get it up) : to equip a f. (and man it), classem or- nare : to man it (with soldiers), classi milites attribuere : the f. leaves the port, sets sail, classis exit, e portu pro- ficiscitur : to quit the port with the f, naves e portu educere : to send the f. out for a cruise, classem quoquo versus dimittere : to cast anchor with the f., clas- sem constituere : to land with the /., classem in or ad locum appellere : to command the f., praeesse classi: to have or possess a powerful /., valere classe : to cover the sea or seas with one's f.'s, maria classibus conster- nere (Curt. 9, 6, 7). A small /., classis parva ; classi- cula: to have a small f., qd navicularum habere: a f. of thirty sail, classis triginta navium. FLEET, adj. See Swift. FLEET, v. || To skim, vid. || To f. time away, horas fallere qa re (t). See To Fly away. FLEETING, fugax (whatever passes by quickly). — velox (quick on one's feet). — fluxus. caducus (quickly vanishing, transient). — volucer (inconstant, not lasting, e. g. fortuna, spes, cogitatio). FLEETLY. See Swiftly. FLEE TNESS. See Swiftness. FLESH, s. caro (g. t., as opp. to fat, muscles, nerves ; on the body, or dressed as food; then also of the soft part of fruit). — viscera, um, pi. (g. t. for every thing under the skin in animals, the flesh, bones, fyc. ; see C. N. D. 2, 63, extr. ; boum visceribus vesci scelus habe- batur). — pulpa (rare; Cat. Mart.; eatable and savoury f. ; opp. bones). — corpus (fleshy corporeal substance, as opp. bones ; ossa corpore operienda sunt ; ossa corpori subjecta; also as opp. animus). Stewed, boiled, fyc. f. ; see Meat. A small piece of /., caruncula. In men- Honing the f. of animals, the Latins frequently in con- nexion omit caro, and say simply, vitulina (the f of calves, veal), canina (the f. of dogs, #c). To have more f. than muscle (or strength), carnis plus habere quam lacertorum (also fig. of a ivriter's style). It is consi- dered a sin to eat f. on a fast-day, jejunio indicto carni- bus vesci scelus habetur (C. N. D. 2, 63, 159). Proud f. (in a wound), caro supercrescens : to e. it away, car- nem supercrescentem exedere. To gain /., corpus facere : to lose /., corpus amittere (C.) ; corpus cs abiit (t) : to turn to }., in corpus ire or obire (of articles of food). \\ Meton. a) My f. and blood (i. e. my children, relations), viscera mea, pi. (see Weber. ad Juven. 3, 72, p. 160). || b) Flesh (opp. Spirit), in the sense of the Bible (i. e. sensual desires), cupi- ditates or libidines (e. g. to live to the /., libidini et cupiditati parere). To indulge the lusts of the /., libidinibus se dare, dedere ; voluptatibus servire or se tradere ; totum se libidinibus or corporis voluptati- bus dedere: to subdue the lusts of thef., cupiditatibus imperare ; cupiditates coercere ; libidines domitas habere. FLESH, v. To f. his maiden sword, *primum bello gladium destringere or hostem manu fundere (t c/. V. JEn. 9, 590. Turn primum celerem intendisse sagittam Dicitur, &c. ; fortemque manu fudisse Numa- num). FLESH-BROTH, jus coctis carnibus.— jus gallina- ceum, agninum (of fowl, lamb, $c.).— sorbitio (g. t. for athg that is sipped; Cato, Cels., #c). — cibus jurulentus (f.-soup). FLESH-COLOUR, candor carnosus (Plin. 11, 37, 54}. FLESH-COLOURED, candore carnoso. carnos<.\s. FLESH-DAY, *dies quo carnibus vesci licef., FLESH-FLY, *musca carnaria. FLESH-HOOK, carnarium (sc. instrumentum). FLESH-POT, olla(£. t.).— cac&bus (a saucepan).— ahenum coculum (any metal pot or kettle). FLF.SH-WOUND, vulnus, quod est in came (Cels. 5, 6, 23). FLE FLO FLESHINESS. See Corpulence. FLESH LESS. See Lean. FLESHLINESS, cupiditates. libidines {the lusts).— (corporis) voluptates (as enjoyment). — temeritas (the propensity to yield to sensual impressions, to a\oyov, opp. ratio, C. Tusc. 2, 21, 47). — corpus (the body, the flesh ; as the seat of sensual desire). See Flesh (opp. Spirit). FLESHLY, || C o\rporeal, vid. || Opp. spiri- tual, by gen. corporis (e. #/ corporis voluptates, libi- dines). FLESHY, carnosus (also speaking of fruit). FLEXIBILITY, or FLEXIBLENESS, habilitas. mollitia (e. g. cervicis). — facilitas. mores faciles. ani- mus facilis (with ref. to character). — obsequium. obse- quentia (a yielding to athg, compliance; the latter, *Cces. B. G. 7, 29). F. of the joints, molles commis- surae ; of the voice, vocis mollitudo : natural f. of aby's character (i. e. tractability), natura tractabilis. FLEXIBLE, flexibilis. mollis (both propr. and im- propr. ; e. g. of the voice). — facilis (giving way, yield- ing, opp. difficilis). — qui regi potest (propr. and im- propr. ; see Sen. de ird, ii. 15, extr.). — tractabilis (im- propr., tractable, of persons ; mollis conveys the mean- ing of rather too yielding). FLEXION, flexus. The f. of a word (gram, term), flexura. FLEXUOUS, flexuosus. tortuosus. sinuosus (wind- ing). || Variable; see Changeable. FLEXURE, flexura. curvamen. curvitas. adun- citas. curvatura. anfractus. tortus, sinus [Syn. in Curve, Curvature]. FLICKER,, volitare (of birds).— fluitare (of things; see O. Met. 11, 476). — coruscare (of a flame; V. JEn. 5, 64) ; also tremula flamma ardere (t). // in the sense of flapping the wings, see To Flap. FLIER, || A run-away, fugitivus (Spairernf, a slave that has run away fm his master). — transftiga. perfuga (a deserter). || In a machine ; prps *mode- ramen or *moderamentum. — *rota moderatrix. FLIGHT, fuga. To take to /., se dare, conferre or conjicere in fugam ; fugam capere ; sese fugae mandare. fugara petere. See To Fly: to put to f, fugare ; in fugam dare, vertere, convertere, conjicere (the two last, with the notion of eagerness and swiftness); in fugam impellere (C. Rabir. perd. 8, 82). — profligare (so that he cannot again rally) : to be in /., in fuga esse : to endeavour to escape by /., fuga (sibi) salutem petere : to escape by /., ex fuga evadere ; fuga se eripere : to cut off aby's /., fugam intercludere ; to hinder or stop it, fugam reprimere : to aid the f. of aby with money, fugam cs pecunia sublevare. F. fm athg, fuga cs rei. — vitatio, devitatio (the avoiding it). \\ A flight of the fancy, *volucer animi motus : to venture on a f. of imagination, omne immensum peragrare mente ani- moque (Lucr. 1, 74). || Flight (of birds), avium volatus. || Flock (of birds), grex. — agmen (e. g. corvorum, V.). \\ Of stairs. To live up three f. of stairs, tribus scalis habitare (Mart. 1, 118, 7). FLIGHTINESS, levitas. ingenium mobile. See Changeableness, Inconstancy. FLIGHTY - , || Swift, vid. || Inconstant, vola- ticus, modo hue modo illuc (C.).— lexis (light, fickle). — inconstans (that does not remain the same in senti- ment or conduct). — mobilis (changeable in one's opinion or views). FL1MSILY, tenuiter. leviter. debiliter. infirme. inane. FLIMSINESS, tenuitas.— exilitas.— jejunitas et in- opia. FLIMSY, tenuis (thin; opp. crassus ; propr. and im- propr. ; of a letter; C); Jn. tenuis exsanguisque. — perquam tenuis et levis. — tenuis et jejunus. — tenuiter confectus (propr.; of texture ; Cces.). — rerum inops (of writings; H. A. P. 322). — inanis (empty; of thought, of a speech, letter, fyc). — frigidus et inanis (spiritless, fyc.).— parum diligens (e. g. scriptura, literse, &c). FLINCH. See To Shrink. FLING, s. || Propr.) See Throw, s. || Im- propr.) Gibe, sar casm, oratio obliqua. sententia obl'qua (things said with allusion to aby). — dicterium (sarcastic derision). To have a f. at a person, qm obliquis orationibus carpere. qm oblique perstringere. jaculari in qm obliquis sententiis: to have some f.'s at athg, quaedam jacSre de qa re (e. g. de cultu, habitu, &c, T.). \\A kick with the heel; e.g. of a horse, %c„ calcitratus (Plin. 8, 44, 69). FLING, v. See To Throw. FLINT, silex.— lapis silex.— lapis siliceus ; saxum silex ; saxum siliceum ; of or made of a /., siliceus. (364) —Fig.) His heart is as hard as a /., habet silices pec- tus ejus (0. Trist. 3, 11, 4); stat ei in corde silex (Tib. 1, 1, 64). FLINTY, siliceus. — calculosus (g. t. for stony ; of soil,fyc). F. soil, «terra silicea; glarea (sand of a f. nature) : to lay flints upon a road, viam glarea sub- struere. || Hard of heart; see Flint. FLIPPANCY, linguae volubilitas (wch may be strengthened by nimia, proterva, petulans, &c). — pro- tervitas. — petulautia. — procacitas (Syn. in Wan- ton). FLIPPANT, volubilis. protervus. procax. petulans lascivus (Syn. in Wanton). *justo promptior (too ready ; e. g. lingua). FLIRT, v. Trans.) jacgre. jaculari; athg at aby, (manu)jacereqdinqm; petere qmqa re (e.g. malo, V.); jaculari qm qa re. — 1| Intrans.) To jeer, vid. || To run about, circumcursare hac iliac. — discursare. con- cursare hue et illuc (hither and thither). — volitare qo loco (to flutter about, propr., of birds, then also of persons, e.g. tota urbe). \\To endeavour to at- tract young men, Sec, oculis venari viros (to be always looking out for men). — dare operam, ut placeat viris (aft. Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 47). — improbe juvenes cir- cumspectare (aft. Appul. Apol., p. 323, 10).-^-*garruli- tate sua se juvenibus amabilem praebere (cf. Suet. Oct. 83). (Of a male f.), blande mulienbus palpari (Plaut. Amph. 1, 3, 9): levitatibus amatoriis deditum esse; also, prps, amare only (see S. Cat. 11, 6). FLIRT, j| Sudden jerk: see Jerk. \\A coquet- tish female, mulier placendi studiosa (0. A. A. 3, 423). — quae dat operam, ut placeat viris (aft. Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 47). — improba juvenum circumspectatrix (of a desperate, immodest f). Sts puella garrulitate ama- bills (Suet. Oct. 83).— desultor amoris (of a man, who does not attach himself deeply and permanently to one, 0. Am. 1, 3, 15). FLIRTATION, levitates amatoriae.— lusus (Prop. 1, 10, 9; O.A.A. 1,62). FLIT, * volitare ultro citroque per auras (Lucr. 4, 36) : fm context, volitare only. — volitare in qo loco, volitare passim per qtn locum (of persons, C. Cat. 2, 3, 5; Rose. Am. 46, 135). To f. about any place, circumvolare or circumvolitare locum (to fly round a place). — fluitare (of things only, see 0. Met. 11, 470): flitting, fluxus. fluxus et mobilis (e.g. res humanae, S.). — fluxus atque fragilis (S.). — instabilis. || Remove, migrate, mi- grare or demigrare in alium locum (to move to a dif- ferent place), or in alia loca (to different places). — domo or e domo emigrare (to leave one's abode for another). FLITCH, succidia ( Varr.). FLITTER. See Rag. F LITTER-MOUSE. See Bat. FLOAT, s. navis caudicaria or codicaria (S. Fragm. p. 990, Cort.). — ratis. || A float of wood, *ligno- rum per aquas decursus. || The float on a fish- ing-line, *cortex. FLOAT, v. Trans ) To flood (fields, 8ec), vid.— || To send timber down a river, *ligna flumine secundo demittere. || To float a ship, navem dedu- cere (to launch^. — navem scopulo detrudere (ashipthat has been aground). — 1| Intr.) innare or innatare ci rei (to swim in athg). — sustineri a qa re [to be supported on the surface, not sink down ; e. g. on the water, ab aqua). — fluctuare or fluctuari (tof. on the waves). — fluitare (to f. in the air). A floating island, natans insula: a float- ing bridge, *pons e ratibus factus. The floating of timber down the stream, *lignorum per aquas de- cursus. Impropr.) To be contented to f. with the stream, nunquam dirigere brachia contra torrentem (/««.). FLOCK, s. || Of beasts or cattle, grex (g. t. as well of larger as of smaller animals; if, however, it is wished to mark the distinction between both, it is con- fined to the smaller animals : see C. Phil. 3, 13, extr., greges armentorum reliquiae pecoris: O. Met. 1, 513, non hie ornamenta gregesve ; then also for a congrega- tion or assembly of persons). — armentum (of larger beasts, esply of oxen; then also of horses, stags, great marine animals; opp. grex, see above). — multitudo. ca- terva (crowd, 8ec). Relating or belonging to a /., gregalis ; gregarius : in f.'s, gregatim: to assemble or unite in af, congregare (also of persons). || Of per- sons, s»e Concourse. FLOCK, v. See To Congregate. FLOG, verberare (g. t.). — casdere, with athg, qa re (to strike with any sharp instrument that gives a sharp cut) — virgis caedere (with a rod).— qm fusti ver- berare (with a cudgel). — qm verberibus caedere or in qm verberibus animadvertere (to give aby stripes). — FLO FLO loris caedere (with the knout).— flagris or flagellis cae- dere (to scourge; in silv. age, flagellare is poet.): to f. aby with rods, qm virgis caedere : to f. aby to death, usque ad necera qm loris caedere (aft. Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 28, where, instead of 'loris caedere,' we find 'loris operire,' which must be looked upon as Com.); qm flagellis ad mortem caedere (H. Sat. 1, 2, 12). FLOOD, || Inundation, inundatio fluminis. — elu- vio. diluvium (dil. post-Aug. ; eluvies, diluvies, diluvio, somewhat poet.). There is a /., flumen extra ripas diffluit. flumen alveum excedit. || The deluge (Noah's), eluvio terrarum (C. Rep. 6, 21, 23). — inun- datio terrarum, or fm context, inundatio only (Plin. 5, 13, 14; Sen. N. Q. 3, 27, § 1 and 13 ; 3, 29, 1, where he uses both dil. and inund. See the description of ' the flood,' in Sen. N. Q. 3, 27, sgq.) \\ A body of water, aquae.— undae (waves). — fluctus (floods).— 1| Flow (opp. ebb), accessus maris, aestus commutatio (if previous mention has been made of the ebb, see Cces. B. G. 5, 8). — aestus maritimi (the agitated motion of the sea in gene- ral) . f. and ebb, marinorum aestuum accessus et re- cessus ; aestus maritimi accedentes et recedentes : the f.-tide is coming in, aestus ex alto se incitat ; mare intu- hiescit ; falls, aestus minuit : the f.-tide rises eighty yards above Britain, aestus intumescit octogenis cubitis su- pTa Britanniam. See Tide. || A flood of tears, magna vis lacrimarum : a f. of words, loquacitas per- ennis profluens (C. 3 de Or. 189). FLOOD-GATE, catarracra UarappaKTiir, a canal, secured or shut up by large folding- gates). To construct f.-g's to break the violence of the current, catarractis aquae cursum temperare (Plin. Ep. 10, 69). FLOOK, *ancorae brachium, cornu. — prps uncus (used poet, for 'anchor,' Val. Flacc. 4, 428). FLOOR, || Of a room, fyc, solum (g. t.). — coaxatio (made of strong boards). — pavimentum (of stone, plaster, or other artificial composition). A f. composed of large pieces of marble, pavimentum sectile : a tesselated f, pavimentum tesselatum or vermiculatum (see interpp. Suet. Cces. 46, and H. Sat. 2, 4, 83). To lay down a /., coaxationem facere ; coaxare; pavimentum stru- ere (e. g. de testa arida, Cat. R. R. 18) ; pavimentum facere (Varr.; C. Qu. Fr. 3. 1, 1). || A story of a house, tabulatum. tabulatio. contabulatio. contignatio. The ground /., contignatio, quae piano pede est (g. t.)\ conclavia, quae piano pede sunt (i.e. the rooms composing the ground /., both according to Vitr. 7, 4, 1): the first /., ccenaculum (C. Agr. 2, 35, 96; compare Varr. de L. L. 5, 33, § 162); domus superior ( Varr. fyc. C. Att. 12, 10, extr.) : the second f., contignatio tertia ; ccena- culum superius (the upper f., in general, Plaut. Amph. 3, 1, 3): to walk up to the second /., in tertiam contig- nationem escendere: to live in the second or upper f., tribus scalis habitare (Mart. 1, 118, 7): caenaculo su- periore habitare (in the upper /., Plaut, #c); sub tegulis habitare (to live in the garrets or attics, Suet. Gramm. 9) : to let the upper f. to aby, ci ccenaculum super aedes dare: the whole upper f. is unoccupied, tota domus superior vacat. FLOOR, v. assibus contabulare, assibus solum com- pingere or consternere (with planks). — coaxationem facere; coaxare. —pavimentum struere, facere (Syn. in Floor, s.). FLORID, floridus (strewed with blossoms and flowers, rich with flowers ; hence impropr. of speech). — florens (blooming, propr. and impropr.). — laetus (showing or displaying fulness ; of f. style, and of the writer who possesses it). — floridus et vegetus (healthy, fresh, bloom- ing, forma). A f. complexion, nitidus color; color hilaris (Plin. 23, 8, 75, these refer to its freshness); os rubicundum (Plaut.); roseum os (fO. Met. 7, 705): a f. style, floridius dicendi genus (aft. Q. 2, 5, 18); di- cendi genus flosculis nitens. FLORIDITY or FLORIDNESS, flos (bloom; e.g. juventutis). — colores (colour). — *colorum ratio (the colouring). — nitor (animated colouring). — venustas (with ref. to form). — viriditas (freshness, e. g. of the mind; see C. Lcel. 3, 11): floridness of style, floridius dicendi genus ; dicendi veneres ; lenocinia, orum, pi. (faulty ornaments of style, see Q. 8, prcef. 26.) — lucus, pigmenta orationis (as fault). FLORIST, *fiorum amans (amateur).— *florum in- telligens (connoisseur). — qui flores venditat (as trade, aft. Val. Max. 3, 4, extr. 2). FLOTILLA, classis parva. classicula. To have a small f., qd navicularum habere. FLOUNCE, || In trans.) volutari (to roll about, 8fc, sus ccenoso lacu, Col. ; in luto, C.fig.). To f. about in the waves, aequora cauda versare (of dolphins, V .). — U To move with passionate agitation, *violento (365) impetu modo hue modo illuc rapi. — tumultuari (to storm about). FLOUNCE. Trans.) *fimbriis ornare. Flounced, fimbriatus. — prolixe fimbriatus. FLOUNCE, s. instita (used by Roman matrons; it reached to the instep.).— fimbriae (a fringe : the thrums of a woven garment, collected into ornamental knots). — segmenta (prob. thin plates of gold, laminae, stitched to the bottom of gowns, fyc). FLOUNDER, s. *pleuronectes flesus (Linn.). FLOUNDER, v. se volutare. — volutari (to roll one- self, e. g. in luto, in the mud). — titubare (to stumble about, propr. and fig.). To f. about in errour, fluitare in errore : to come floundering home, domum reverti titubanti pede (Phadr.). To f. out of aihg, (se) emer- gere ex qa re. FLOUR (ground corn), farina (as well propr. of corn as of things that may be bruised or ground like corn). Fine /., farina minuta; pollen (if sifted): barley /., wheat /., farina hordeacea, triticea, belonging to /., farinarius : full of /., farinosus : looking like /., fari- nulentus : containing /., or of the nature off., farinaceus (Vet. Onomast.): food prepared fm /., # cibus e farina paratus. *puls e farina facta. FLOUR-BAG or SACK, *saccus farinarius. FLOUR-BARREL, cumera farinae (H.). FLOUR-SIEVE, cribrum farinarium. FLOURISH, || To be in a prosperous state, florere. florescere. — vigere (to thrive). ggp" inclarescere is post-Class. At the time when the state was flourishing, florentissimis rebus. || To be celebrated, gloria florere. esse in laude. gloria circumfluere. omnium sermone celebrari. in magno nomine et gloria esse, magna celebritate famae esse (stronger terms). — 1| In singing, numeros et modos et frequentamenta inci- nere (Gell. 1, 11).— flectere vocem (0. Am. 2, 4, 25).— || To use florid language, flosculos congerere. floridiore dicendi genere uti.— orationem ornare (or exornare) atque illuminare, &c— orationem dicendi luminibus ornare.— 1| To play in circular move- ments, 8fc, rotari(e.0. ignis supra caput, Cf. quotat. fm Pope in Johnson). FLOURISH, Intrans.) vibrare (hastam, tela, &c). To f. a sword, ensem rotare (V.). || To ornament, ♦floribus ornare, distinguere (to ornament with flowers). — acu pingere. FLOURISH (a trumpet), inflare buccinam, classicum canere (if as a signal of alarm). FLOURISH, s. ornatus. ornamentum (ornament, inasmuch as it contributes to the beauty of athg ; beau- tifying ornament).— cultus (athg that is added to the external part for the sake of improving it). — Orna- mentum ineptum (a badly-managed or ill-conceived, tasteless ornament ; of things in general). — lenocinium (an awkward and tasteless or grotesque ornament, in speech and song, fyc). A f. in singing, flexiones or flexus vocis (see Ernesti Lex. techn. Lat. rhet. p. 173) : to add or introduce a f. in singing, numeros et modos et fre- quentamenta incinere (Gell. 1, 11): a f. in speech, or in speaking, flosculi. — dicendi or orationis or verborum lumina (any prominent or ornamental part); quasi verborum sententiarumque insignia.— calamistra (af- fected f.'s or ornaments, C. T. ; lit. curling-irons). FLOURISHING, florens (propr. and impropr.): f. circumstances, res florentes, florentissimae: to be in f. circumstances, florere omnibus copiis. See To Flourish; and of the flourishing circumstances relative to wealth, vid. Wealthy, Rich. FLOUT. See To Jeer. FLOW, v. || A) Propr.) fluere (g. t.).— lahi (to f. gently to a place).— ferri (to f. quickly to a place; see Hirt. B. G. 8, 40). — manare (to run down or out; fm athg, de or ex re ; of the flowing of thicker fluids than water, e. g. of tears, sweat, &c. Bod. refers manare to the over fulness of the spring ; fluere to the physical law, by wch a fluid body f.'s on if not stopped). — liquescere. liquefieri (to become liquid, to melt, of wax, $c. ; opp. concrescere). To f. out fm athg, effluere ex, &c. ; pro- fluere ex, &c. (to f. forth out of athg, of any liquid) : to f. into athg, influere in qd (e. g. into the ocean); pro- fluere in qd (to f. forward; e. g. into the sea); delerri in qd (to f. fast fm a higher place to a lower; e. g. into a river) ; effundi in qd (to pour itself into the sea, %c): to f. through athg, fluere per qd ( ,-§£• not perfluere): to f. through the middle of a place (a town, fyc), me- dium per locum fluere ; medium locum interfluere ; medio loco fluere (to f. in the middle of a place, L. 24, 3) : to f. at the very foot of the mountain, in imis radicibus montis ferri (Hirt. B. G. 8, 40): the fountain has ceased to /., fons profluere desit. || Opp. ' to ebb,' FLO accedere (Cces.), affluere {Plin. / both, to flow in).— sestus maris intumescit or aestus ex alto se incftat.— aestus crescit (opp. decrescit, Varr.). See To Ebb. A fountain that ebbs andf.'s, fons qui crescit decrescitque (e. g. ter in die) ; fons, quern nescio quod libramentum abditum et caecum, quum exinanitus est, suscitat et elicit, quum repletus, moratur et strangulat {aft. Plin. Ep. 4, 30). |]~B) Fig. 1) gen. ; fm his mouth flowed speech sweeter than honey, ex ejus lingua fluebat melle dulcior oratio ; ejus ore sermo melle dulcior profluebat : the sweat flowed fm his body, multo sudore rmjiavit (aft. C. de Div. 1, 34, 74) ; ma- nabat ei toto de corpore sudor (Lucr. 6, 994. gsgT membra fluunt sudore et lassitudine, L. 23, 17, is, they become relaxed). 2) Especially, a) To flow, i.e. to move itself gen tly and gradually, flu- ere (e. g. hair f.'s over the neck, comae per colla fluunt, Prop. 2, 2, 23); hence, the speech f.'s, oratio fluit. b) To flow out of athg ; i. e. to arise, proceed, fluere (Sg^fr not profluere) a or ex, &c. ; manare a or ex, &c. (to arise and spread abroad; e. g. peccata ex vitiis manant); oriri (a qa re), but more crnly exoriri (ex qa, re) ; nasci (ex or a: a timore, Cces); gigni (ex qa, re ; a qo) ; proficisci (ex qa re ; but mly fm a person, a qo) ; exsistere (ex qa re; also ex qa re, ut ex stirpe quadam exsist. C); erumpere (implying ra- pidity, violence ; ex qa, re) ; qd cs rei fons est : to f. fm the same source ex eodem fonte fluere. c) To flow into athg (i. e. to be brought to it), deferri, referri in qd (delerri, to be given voluntarily ; referri, as a debt, fm some obligation, as tribute, fyc; both, e. g. into the public treasury, in aerarium) : a considerable revenue f.'s into the public treasury, haud parvum vectlgal serario additur (L. 7, 15). || To f. down, defluere. To f. forth, efnuere. emanare. — profluere. — diffluere (in different directions). FLOW, s. \\ Act of flowing, fluxus (Plin.). — fluxio. — flumen (as that wch f.'s ; also fig. of speech). — fluxura (the emitting of a liquid, Col. 3, 2, 17). — fluor (e. g. of the eyes, called also illacrimatio). — lapsus (the gentle, continual f. ; e. g. of a stream).— perennitas (the constant /., of a well, fyc). || Opp. to ebb, accessus maris, eestus commutatio (when the ebb has been previously spoken of ; see Cces. B. G. 5, 8). — Ebb and flow, aestus maritfmi. The ebb and f. of the sea, aestus maritimi accedentes et recedentes. See Ebb. The flow is beginning, aestus ex alto se inci- tat; mare intumescit: the f. is over, aestus minuit. — || Of speech, flumen orationis (as a quality of the speech itself). — cursus dicendi (the f. and progress of the speech, Q.). — oratio volubilis ; expedita et perfacile currens oratio; verborum expedita ac profluens quo- dammbdo celeritas (as quality of the speaker who pos- sesses it). A speaker who possesses a f. of language, orator volubilis (C. Brut. 27, 105) : uniform f. of speech, oratio aequabiliter profluens: a gentle and uniform f. of speech, orationis genus cum quadam lenitate aequa- bili profluens : /. of eloquence, copia dicendi (as a pro- perty of the speaker ; see Beier, C. Offic 2, 5, 16, p. 34) ; also velut quoddam flumen eloquentiae. To have a good f. of language, verba volvere ; volubilem esse oratorem,- commode verba facere (fm the complete knowledge of a language; Np. Them. 10, 1). To check aby's f. of speech, cursum dicendi refraenare (Q. 8, procem. 27, of a thing). Aby's f. of words is impeded by athg, cursus dicendi tenetur qa re (Q. 4, 3, 13). An empty f. of words, flumen or turba inanium verborum. \\A flow of spirits, effusio animi in laetitia (C. Tusc. 4, 31, 66). FLOWER, flos (in all the meanings of the Eng. word). Full of f.'s, floridus : gathered f.'s, flores carpti or demessi: to come into f., or full f., see To Flower, Trans.: a small f., flosculus : a full-blown /., *flos plenus : to deal in f.'s, *flores venditare : covered with f.'s, floribus vestitus (e. g. meadows, prata) : the fila- ment of a /., *filamentum (floris): pollen of a /., ♦pol- len : a painter of f.'s, see Flower-painter : the stalk of af., *pediculus : the goddess of f.'s, Flora: the smell or odour of f.'s, odores, qui afflantur e floribus ( H^" odores also = ' aromatic f.'s:' malagmata maxime ex odoribus fiunt, Cels.): the tup of a /., doliolum floris : wreath of f.'s, corona florea ; corolla (to be distinguished fm sertum ; i. e. festoon, as occasional ornament for windows, doors, 8fc. ; the corollae were used on solemn occasions, e. g. at a sacrifice, as personal ornament). ggp° The ancients also used to commu- nicate sentimental thoughts by means of f. -wreaths, corollae; see Boettiger's Sabina, 1, p. 230; this mode of correspondence is even now sometimes carried on (in the way of amusement) in Germany, between young lovers, (366) FLO and termed ' Blumensprache,' i. e. ' f '.-language :' tt> converse in the language of fls., «floribus or corollis | animi sensus exprimere. To adorn with a wreath of f.'s, sertis or floribus redimire. y In architecture ; (carved) f.'s, flores.— encarpa, orum (/.'* and leaves en- twined). || Fig.) II Flowers of speech, flores. flosculi. To cull flowers of speech, rlosculos carpere atque delibare. || The best state or specimen of athg, flos, e. g. of youth, juventutis (i. e. the most excellent or distinguished part). — robur. or pi. robora, the strongest part, fyc. (of Italy, the army, fyc). The f. of the cavalry, validissimi equitum : these troops were the very f. of the army, hoc erat robur exercitus ; id roboris in exercitu erat : to lose the f. of his troops, quod roboris in exer- citu erat amittere: the f. of the nobility, flos nobilitatis : the f. of virtue, insigne virtutis, laudis : to be the f. of one's age, exornare nostra? aetatis gloriam : Pompejus, the f. of the empire, Pompejus, decus imperii ; Hor- tensius, the f. of the state, Hortensius, lumen et orna- mentum reipublicae : Corinth, the f. of all Greece, Co- rinthus, Graeciae totius lumen : Gallia-Cisalpina is the f. of Italy, Gallia est flos Italiae. gggT Flos is used of a single person by Enn. as apoet, Ceihegum . . . florem populi (ap. C. Brut. 15, 58), but in prose it should be decus, lumen, &c. — To be in the very f. of one's age, florere integerrima aetate: the f. of one's age, aetas florens, optima, integra; aetatis flos: to be in the f. of one's age, in flore aetatis esse; aetate florere: to die in the f. of one's age, exstingui in ipso aetatis flore ; in flore aetatis eripi rebus humanis (Curt. 10, 5, 10). FLOWER, v. Trans, (i. e. to ornament with em- broidery), pingere acu; also pingere only (V.JEn. 9, 582, &c. ; compare with Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 195). FLOWER, v. Intrans.) florere.— florescere (to begin to blossom). — florem mittere, expellere (to put forth blossoms). — efflorescere (impropr.). — utriculum rum- pere. florem aperire. deruscere (to open the calix). — florem expandere, sese pandere. debiscere ac sese pan- dere (to come into full flower ; see Plin. 12, 11, 23). || To be in the prime, in flore esse.— florere : l to be in the Flower of one's age,' vid. || To froth, vid. FLOWER-BASKET, calathus. FLOWER BED, area floribus constta. FLOWER-BULB, bulbus ; bulbulus (a small one). FLOWER-DE-LUCE, iris. — *iris pseudacorus (Linn.). FLOWER-GARDEN, floralia, ium (sc. loca). FLOWER-GARDENER, riorum cultor. FLOWER-LIKE, floridus. FLOWER- PAINTER, *qui flores pictura imiratur. FLOWER-PIECE, pictura florum (the painting, aft. Plin. 16, 33, 60); tabula picta florum. tabula in qua sunt flores (the tablet with the painting, aft. Plin. 35, 4, 7, 85 8, 35). FLOWER-POT, *testa florum. FLOWER-STALK. See under Flower. FLOWER-WORK (in architecture), flores (e. g. on the capital of a Corinthian column). — encarpa, orum (flowers and leaves entwined). FLOWERET, flosctilus. FLOWERING-FERN, «osmunda regalis (Linn.). FLOWERING-RUSH, *but8musumbellatus (Linn). FLOWERY, floridus. floribus vestitus (clad with f.'s; e. g. prata).— florens (blooming). || Of style. See Florid. FLOWING, A) Proi-r.) fluens. manans (Stn. in To Flow). — perennis. jugis (always f. ; of water, of a well, brook, fyc). F. water, flumen vivum. || B) Fig.) Of speech, fluens. \_See obs. at the end of this article.^ — profluens. volubilis (rolling fast, voluble, of a speaker, and the speech, esply when the speech consists entirely of short sentences; see C. Brut. 28, 108 ; Or. 56, 187, where oratio stabilis is opposed to it). The easy and f. speech of the orator, expedita et perfacile currens oratio (C. Brut. 63, 227) ; tractus orationis lenis et aequabilis (C. de Or. 2, 13, 54); also verborum expedita ac profluens quo- dammodo celeritas (C. Brut. 61, 220): a f. style of writing, genus orationis profluens ; *genus oicendi sponte sua fusum ; *oratio leniter profluens : /. verses. versus fluentes ; versus sponte sua ad numeros aptos venientes (O. Trist. 4, 10, 25) : to be written inf. elegiac verses, scriptum elegis esse fluentibus (Plin. Ep. 5, 17» 2); in a f. manner, facile; commode. HgggT d : ssoluta aut fluens oratio, dissipata et fluens oratio, are expres- sions of blame, denoting a want of nerve, vigour, con- ciseness, %c. || Flowing ; of garments, ft ueus (e.p. veste fluente; tunicis fluentibus).— fluitans (vestia, T. amictus, Catull.). FLOWING, s. See Flood, Flow, FLOWINGLY, fluenter (Lucr.). See Fivsktiy. FLU FLUCTUATE, fluctuare (in nearly all the mean- ings of the English verb ; fluct. animo, nunc hue nunc illuc; in decreto qo, to be unsteady and inconsistent in maintaining a philosophical opinion, inter spem metum- g-j*. L.; also fiuctuari ; e. g. animo, L.). — fluitare (to flow about unsteadily). — jactari (to be tossed about un- steadily; e. g. of the rate of exchange, numus jactatur ; C. Off. 3, 20, 28).— vacillare (to totter, as it were ; to be unsteady ; e. g. stabilitas cs rei vacillat). FLUCTUATING. See Unsteady, Changeable, &c. FLUCTUATION, fluctuatio (propr. and impropr. ; rare; not prce-Aug.; animorum, L.). — immutatio (change; Syn. in Change). — vicissitude» (regular alter- nation). — varietas (variety ; e. g. of weather, coeli). F. of opinion, fluctuatio animorum (irresolution) ; the battle continued for a long time with many f.'s of success, diu anceps stetit victoria: af. between fear and hope, an- ceps spes et metus (L. 30, 32). FLUE, || A pipe or aperture of a furnace or chimney; prps aestuarium (an aperture to let the heat escape). — cuniculus fornacis (Plin. 9, 38, 62). |[ Down, vid. FLUENCY, || Of speech, lingua? volubilitas or mobilitas ; orationis celeritas ; verborum expedita et profluens quodammbdo celeritas. — copia dicendi. — expedita et perfacile currens oratio. F. in expression, facilitas (e. g. to acquire a perfect f. in speaking, asse- qui firmam facilitatem, Q. 10, 1, 59) : that he may ob- tain greater f of speech, quo sit absolutius os (Q. 1, 1, 37). See Flow (of speech). || Smoothness, levitas (as quality, also of expression). || Abundance, vid. FLUENT, || Fropr.) «^Flowing. ]| Of a speaker, lingua promptus. — celer ( quick). — expeditus (without difficulty). — copiosus (rich in words, of a writer and his writings). F. speech, oratio volubilis or expedita. — liquidum genus sermonis (having an agreeable flow ; C. deOr.2, 38); lingua celeris et exercitata; linguae celeritas or volubilitas: a f speaker, orator volubilis or facilis et expeditus ad dicendum. See Flowing. FLUENTLY, facile, commode. To speak f, *cum orationis volubilitate loqui (fm rapidity of utterance) ; commode verba facere (fm possessing a knowledge of the language; Np. Them. 10, 1): to have acquired the power of speaking correctly and /., firmam facilitatem assecutum esse (Q. 10, 1, 59). FLUID, liquor (as substance, whose parts separate by themselves). — humor (moistness, opp. dryness; see Cels. 4, 2, No. 4, extr. T. Ann. 13, 57, 5).— aqua (water, as the most common of f.'s). — {$§|r latex is poet. only. FLUIDITY, or FLUIDNESS, liquiditas (very late; aeris, App.). — *fluida natura. FLUKRY, || Gust, vid. || Hurry, vid. FLUSH, v. Trans.) || To colour, vid. || To elate, qm superbum facere. ci spiritus afferre. in- flare cs animum ad intolerabilem superbiam (e. g. of fortune; L. 45, 31). Flushed, elatus (qa re).— ferox (qa re). Flushed with success, successu rerum ferocior (T.); successu exsultans (V.): he was not so flushed with success as to become careless, nee superior successu curam remittebat (Q. 1, 2, 24). FLUSH, v. Intrans.) || Flow, vid. \\ Hasten (obsol.), vid. || Blush, glow, vid. FLUSH, adj. || Fresh, vigorous, vid. H Full of money, fyc. (cant term). To be /., argentum or pecuniam habere : not to be f, imparatum esse a pecu- nia ; numos numeratos non habere. FLUSH, s. || Violent flow, vid. Flow. || Af. of joy, effusio animi in laetitia (C). FLUS IER, v. See To Hurry, To Agitate. To be flustered (by drinking), incalescere vino. FLUTE, tibia (with the ancients usually tibiae, i. e. double-f. ). To put the f. to one's lips or mouth, tibiam ad labra referre : to play on the f, tibia canere ; (skilfully) scienter cantare tibia : fit or proper for the /., tibialis, auleticus (e. g. calamus, i. e. the reed) : one that sells f.'s, qui tibias venditat (aft. Val. Max. 3, 4, extr. 2): the sound of the f., tibiae cantus. FLUTE, v. (t. t. architecture) striare. Fluted, striatus. FLUTE-PLAYER, one that plays the /., tibicen, fern, tibictna, FLUTING, s. striatura.— stria, canalis (as thing). FLUTTER, Intrans.) volitare (of birds).— fluitare (of things, e. g. sails; see O. Met. 11, 470).— circumvoli- tare qd or qm (to f. round alhg oraby) ; also * volitare ul- tro citroque per auras (Lucr. 4, 36). From the context, volitare (e. g. before aby's eyes, ante oculos). Tof. about any place, volitare in qo loco, volitare passim per qm locum (also of persona that appear in public ; C. Cat. (367) 2, 3, 5 ; Rose. Am. 46, 135): to f. round any plr-c^, circumvolare or circumvolitare qra locum or qm (but not absolutely ; for circumvolitantium alitum, T. Hist. 2, 50, is = fluttering round him). — lustrare qd {to encircle in its flight; e. g. signa, of an eagle): to f. round in a circle, in gyrur.i oecti. |j To be in a it ale of uncertainty, dubitatione aestuare (see V. Verr. 2. 30. 74) : fluctuare. FLUTTER, Trans.) || Put to flight (like birds), fugar pose of giving prominence to the reason containedin it; whereas 'enim,' if standing by itself, is always inserted somewhere into the sentence; comp. Zumpt, §345). ||g§p° etenim and enim both sometimes assert what the speaker wishes to be taken for granted ; etenim is also used in explanatory parentheses, and in questions, in wch enim is also used ; but etenim ( = etquum ita res sit, quaeso) makes the connexion more distinct; Pr. Intr. ii. 791 J. For — not, neque enim (but non enim is not so uncommon in C. as is supposed ; Pr. Intr. ii. 789) : for since, et- enim, quoniam: for if, etenim si (ib. 791): for —neve r, neque unquam. For nothing is, nihil est enim (IgSgTira a sentence with est beginning with the predicate, or non, num, nemo, nihil, quis, or if est is emphatic, est mly takes the second, enim the third place ; Pr. Intr. ii. 112). — 1| Because, quum. quia. quod, quoniam. quando- quidem (implying also a reason, with this difference, that ' quum ' alleges a simple reason merely, our ' since ; ' 'quia' and 'quod,' of wch the former is the stronger, allege a reason founded on necessity, our ' because ;' ' quo- niam' alleges a reason deduced fm the accidental occur- rence of circumstances, our 'whereas;' ' quandoqui- dem ' gives a reason inferred fm some preceding circum- stance). — siquidem ( = 'since it is admitted,' implies something known and granted; see Zumpt, § 346). — See Because, esply on the manner of translating 'for' = 'because' by the relat. (qui, quippe qui), a partcp. fyc. FOR AS MUCH AS. See Since, Inasmuch as, Whereas. (373) FOR FORAGE, s. equorum pabulum. — pabulum.— pastus (for cattle in general). — farrago (if consisting of grains). To suffer fm want of f, premi inopia pabuli: there is plenty of /., magna copia pabuli suppetit : to prevent the enemy fm obtaining /., hostem pabulatione inter- cludere. FORAGE, v. pabulatum ire or proficisci. — pabulari (to fetch forage for cattle). To send out soldiers to f, pabulatum (pabulandi causa) milites mittere.— 1| To ravage (obsol.), vid. FORAGER, pabulator (C). FORBEAR, Trans, and Intrans. || To cease fm athg, desist, desinere qd, or with inf. (to desist fm athg, opp. ccepisse). — desistere qa re, a or de qa re, or with inf. — absistere qa re, or with inf. (to leave off; abs. not in C, according to Gorenz, C. Legg. 1, 13, 39). — mittere, with inf. (to give over, to leave off, e. g. re- questing or begging, mitto orare; also desisto rogare; absisto petere). Sts parcere (as, parce, sis, fidem ac jura belli jactare, L.). See To Cease. || To avoid; vid. — Reason teaches us what to do and what to /., ratio docet, quid faciendum fugiendumque sit. || To ab- stain fm, abstinere or se abstinere (a) re. — se conti- nere a re (to keep back fm athg). — temperare sibi, quo- minus &c. : I cannot f, temperare mihi non possum, quominus &c. ; sibi temperare or se continere non posse, quin ; a se impetrare non posse, quin &c. : to f. shedding tears, lacrimas tenere ; temperare a lacrimis (V. J£n. 2, 8; in L. 30, 20, temp, lacrimis = to mode- rate one's tears). || To pause, vid. \\ Forbearing, indulgens. — patiens. — mitis. To be f. towards aby, indulgentia tractare or indulgenter habere qm: to be too forbearing, nimis or nimium indulgere ci. FORBEARANCE, \\A shunning, devitatio.— in- termissio (omission for a time). || Command of temper, restraint of passion, imperium sui(#. t., Plin. 35, 10, 36. No. 12, § 86). See Self-restraint. It has cost me, or required, a good deal of /., to tyc, vix ab animo impetrare potui, ut &c. : I can't carry my f. so far as all that, *hoc a me impetrare nequeo. || Indulgence, exercise of patience, indulgen- tia. dementia, benignitas [Syn. in Indulgence] ; patientia. patiens animus : to treat aby's faults with /., indulgere cs peccatis ; veniam dare errori : to treat aby with /., indulgentia tractare or indulgenter ha- bere qm ; also indulgere ci : with much /., magnS esse in qm indulgentia: with too much /., nimis or nimium ci indulgere. To treat athg with /., leniter ferre qd (0.). FORBID, || To prohibit, vetare, with ace. and inf. (to f. expressly, to declare by law, that athg is not to be done). — interdicere ci qa re (in the gold, age never ci qd), or with ne (to f. by virtue of official authority). — ci praedicere with ne or ut ne (to impress upon aby not to do athg; it denotes the exhorting adviser, or friend): to f. aby to do athg, vetare qm qd facere : to f. aby one's house, interdicere ci domo sua (aft. Suet. Oct. 66) ; also qm domum ad se non admittere : / am forbidden, vetor : it is forbidden, vetitum est ; non licet : the birds f. it (in the auspices), aves abdicunt: since the physician does notf. it, I will drink, medico non pro- hibente, bibam. || To hinder, impedire qd. impe- diment© esse ci rei. impedimentum afferre ci rei facien- dae (g. tt.). — obstare or officeie ci rei cs. — prohibere [Syn. in Hinder]. — non sinere qd, or generally non sinere qd fieri (ova h^v tj, not to allow athg, not to let it pass or happen, e.g the 2>assage over, transitum or trans- ire non sinere) : to f. aby to do athg, prohibere qm qd facere or with ne, quominus faciat qd ; qm impe- dire a qa re or ne, quin, quominus faciat qd ; non sinere qm qd facere ; qm arcere or prohibere qa re : to f. the importation of wine, vinum importari non sin. : to f. the approach to the shore, qm e nave egrfdi proh. : nothing f.'s our doing it, nihil impedit, quominus hoe faciamus: heaven /., dii meliora; ne id Deus sinat; dii prohibeant, ne &c. FORBIDDANCE, interdictum. FORCE, v. || Compel by force, qm vi cogere (fe^" cogere alone only when it means ' to compel '): to f. one to athg, qm vi cogere ad qd, with inf., or with ut and subjunct. ; qm (per vim) adigere, or qm subigere ad qd, or with ut and subj. ; ci necessitatem imponere or injicere qd faciendi : to f. oneself, sibi vim facere ; naturae repugnare: to f. oneself to do athg, invitum facere qd: the matter cannot be forced, res vi obtineri non potest: to find oneself forced to, necessario cogi, with an inf. (IgSITse coactum viuere is not Lat.) || To storm (a p lace), vid. || To break through (e. g. the ranks of the enemy), perrumpere per qd (e. g. the centre, per mediam hostium aciem or per medios FOR hostes) : to f. the passage of a river, per vim flumen transire : tof. doors, locks, 8,-c, fores, claustra, &c. effrin- gere: to f. a pass, vim per angustias facere. \\ To force a woman; see To Ravish. || To ripen athg artificially, qd ad maturitatem perducere (Plin. 3, 12, 15; where he is speaking of an artificial method ; it may be strengthened by arte, or ante tempus or non suo tempore, alienis mensibus, V., or the like), or prps festinare maturitatem cs rei {aft. matuvitas festi- nata, Q.) : to f. fruits for the market, *prsecbces fructus esculentge merci praeparare (cf. Col. 11, 3, p. 460, Bipont.) : but he who wishes to have his cucumbers forced, sed qui prsematurum fructum cucumeris habere volet (Col. 11, 3): in this way you will f. them early, sic prsecbeem fructum habebis : in this way cucum- bers were forced for Tib. Ccesar nearly all the year round, bac ratione fere toto anno Tiberio Caesari cucu- mis praebebatur (Col. 11, 3). \\ To force away, abri- pere. abstrahere. — avellere (to tear away). || To force back; see To Repulse. || To force down, fistuca adigere (with an instrument); fistucare. || To force fm, extorquere per vim ci qd. || To force into (by beating or hammering), adigere ci rei or in qd (e. g. the wedge into a tree, cuneum arbori ; a nail into a beam, clavum in tignnm). || To force on; see Urge on. || To force open; see above 'tof. a lock, a door, 8,-c' || To force out; see To Drive out. — to f. the truth out of aby, or a confession fm aby, ci ex- primere or extorquere confessionem ; exprimere or extorquere, ut fateatur qs ; cogere qm, ut fateatur (the last either with or without compulsion). || To force ■upon, objici ; se offerre (of thoughts, opinions, fear, wch press themselves upon us, e. g. to f. itself upon one's mind, se oflerre; objici animo); inculcare (of things); obtrudere (of persons and things): to f. oneself upon aby, seci venditare. See also To Intrude. || Forced (opp. natural), arcessitus: you must take care that it does not seem forced, cavendum est, ne arcessitum dictum putetur : forced jokes, frigidi et arcessiti joci (Suet. Claud. 21): a forced interpretation, prps inter- pretatio contorta : to give a forced interpretation of a passage, *vim adbibere ci loco: forced joy, necessitas gaudendi (opp. gaudii fides, Plin. Paneg. 23, 6): af. style, oratio contorta : this may seem forced to some- body, hoc videatur cuipiam durius. — || A forced march, magna itinera : by forced marches, magnis itineribus, or quam maximis potest itineribus; magnis diurnis nocturnisque itineribus (e. g. contendere qo, Cces.) ; quantum potest itineribus extentis (L.). To make a forced march, festinanter et raptim conficere iter (to march as quickly as possible) ; iter extendere (with quantum poterat, &c, to make as long a march as possible; L.). To make forced marches, iter con- tinuare die ac nocte (to march by day and by night) ; magnis itineribus se extendere (Cces.; to take very long marches) ; magnis itineribus qo contendere (to any place). FORCE, s. || Strength, vis. vires (g. tt.). — robur (physical strength, corporis ; mental, animi). — nervi ; lacerti (the nerves, muscles, as the seat of the principal strength of man ; hence, fig. — great f. ; see Diet.). The f. of an argument ; see Cogency. — to take by /., vi capere (g. t.); vi eripere ci qd (to take fm aby); urbem vi or per vim expugnare ; vi oppugnando urbem capere (to take by storm): the f. of eloquence, eloquentia (in a pregnant sense; S. Cat. 5, 4): to use f., vi agere : to effect athg by f, vi manuque conficere qd; per vim facere qd : to repel f. by /., vi vim illatam defen- dere ; vim vi vincere ; vim vi expellere : to beat back or to repel by /., arma armis propulsare : with great f., omni vi, summa. vi; omni virium con- tentione : refuted by the f. of truth, repulsus veri- tatis viribus (Phadr. 1, 1, 9): compelled by /., ex ne- cessitate; necessitate imposita; necessitate or neces- saria re coactus : to compel aby by /., qm per vim adigere : to have recourse to /., vim adhibere : to exert all one's f., omnes vires or nervos contendere; summa. ope niti or eniti ; omnibus viribus elaborare : to be in /., ratum esse (to be established, of laws, 8tc,); exerceri (to be acted upon, of laws; L. 4, 51); also valere, observari : to put a law in /., legem ex- ereere; to lose its binding /., evanescere (opp. va- lere) : of no /., invalidus ; imbecillus (later form, imbecillis; iveak). If=invalid, vid. — 1| Forces, a) Troops, exercitus terrester or pedester; copiae ter- restres or pedestres (all in contradistinction to copiae navales); also copiae, exercitus only (in contradis- tinction to classis, see Curt. 3, 1, 13): to possess or to have great f.'s, copiis pedestribus multum valere ; terra multum pollere. /3) Sea or naval force, copiae (374) FOR navales ; copiae classiariorum (sea- troops, 'marines) < naves (ships); classis maritifuaeque res (fleet, and every thing belonging to it, in general) : to have great naval f.'s, permultum valere classe maritimisque rebus ; magnam navium facultatem habere : a state that has a considerable naval /., civitas navibus or classi valens; civitas multum mari pollens. \\ By force of; see ' by dint of.' FORCEDLY. See By eorce, In force, and Forct- BLY. FORCEFUL, validus, &c. See Strong, Power- ful. FORCELESS. See Weak. FORCIBLE, valens. validus. fijrnus. — potens. gravis (that produces a powerful effect on the mind). — vehemens (vehement). — violentus (violent). — fortis (strong). — nervosus (full of nerve). See Cogent. FORCIBLENESS. See Force. || Cogency, vid. FORCIBLY, \\By force, vi; per vim; per potesta- tem (of a magistrate, fyc, C). \\Strongly, vehemen- ter. valde (vehemently).— nervose. graviter. [Syn. in Force or Forcible.] FORD, s. vadum. To make the army pass a /., vado transmittere : to have no f. any where (of a river), nus- quam vadaaperire: it is crossed by af., vado transitur: to find af., vadum reperire (Cces.). FORD, v. flumen vado transire. FORD ABLE, tenuis (of the water itself, and of rivers that are shallow). — tenui aqua, fluens (of rivers). F. places, vada, orum, pi. ; loca vadosa, orum : to be /., vado transiri; tenui fluere aqua (of rivers); summis- sum esse (to be low ; of water and of rivers): to become /., summitti (of water and of rivers ; see Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 12). FORE, antlcus (that is in front, opp. posticus ; e. g. part of a house, pars aedium ). — prior (that is the first, opp. posterior ; e. g. the f.-feet, priores pedes).— ex- terior (the outer, opp. interior ; e. g. wall, vallum ex- terius). — adversus (that is opposite, opp. aversus ; e.g. teeth, dentes).— primores (those or such as occupy the first place or rank ; e.g. teeth, dentes). — gggTanterior is not Classic ; see Ruhnk. ad Muret. Op. 2, p. 924. FOREARM, s. cubitus.— ulna. FOREARM, v. praemunire. || Prov.) Forewarned is forearmed, *nihil ei imparato accidit, qui prsemonetur. — praecogitati mali mollis ictus venit (Sen. Ep. 76, prop. fin.). FOREBODE, || To prognosticate, portendere. — significare (to mark, signify). \\ To have a secret presentiment, praesagire (with or without animo). — praesentire (to feel before).— divinare. conjectural augu- rari (to prophesy fma foreboding). — praedivinare ( Fair.). To f. future events, praesentire futura; conjicere de futuris. FOREBODER. See Soothsayer. FOREBODING, s. praesagium.— praesensio. — animi divinatio (explained by C. de Divin. I, 1, as praesensio et scientia rerum futurarum; see To Forebode).— praesagitio (the power of foreboding).— conjectura (a conjecture, supposition). My f. has not deceived me, nos nostra divinatio non fefellit. FOREBY. See Near. FORECAST, s. cogitatio (the plan as thought or exist- ing in one's thought merely). — consilium, consilium in- stitutum (the plan as the result of one's own meditation, or of consulting with others).— providentia (the precau- tion that calculates things to come, *L. 30, 5, 5 ; comp. C. de Invent. 2, 53, 160). — provisio (a seeing before or avoiding; C. Tusc. 8, 14, 30). FORECAST, v. ante considerare. — agitare mente or animo or in mente (to turn over in one's mind, to re- flect). — considerare, esply with cum animo or in animo or secum (to take athg into consideration). — reputare (to reckon over in one's mind, as it were; to calculate the probable result of athg, with secum, animo, or cum animo). — praevidere, providere or prospicere; also with animo ; futura praevidere. — quae sunt futura prospicere (to foresee). To f. a plan, rationem inire de qa re perficienda. FORECASTLE (of a ship), prora (npwpa), or pure Latin pars prior navis. FOREDESIGN, praestituere or praefinire (predeter- mine) — praeparare ante (L. ; to prepare athg before- hand). — praedestinare (e. g. triumphos, L. 45, 50 ; and in Eccl. sense). FOREDOOM. See To Predestinate, To Doom. FOREFATHERS or FOREGOERS, majores.— priores.— patres. Handed down to us fm our f., avitus; proavltus. FOREFEND. See Forbid, Avert, Providb FOR for, Secure. Heaven f. ! dii meliora ! ne id deus 6inat! dii prohibeant, ne &c. : dii averruncent! quod abominor. FORE-FEET, priores pedes. See also Foot. FORE-FINGER, digitus index; fm context index only. — digitus salutaris [Suet. Oct. 80). FOREGO, || To resign, renunciare qd or ci rei (of enjoyments; e.g. ostreis in omnem vitam). — dimittere or remittere qd (to let go). — decedere or desistere qa re and de qa. re (to desist fm; e. g. sententia or de sen- tentia: desist, also with infin.). — absistere qa re (also with infin., but no where used by C. ; see Gbrenz. C. de Legg. 1, 13, 39). To f. a project, desistere, absistere incepto . to f. one's right, de jure suo cedere or de- cedere ; jus dimittere or remittere : to f. aby's friend- ship, ci amicitiam renunciare: to f. honour and fame, honorem et gloriam abjicere. || To go before (obsol.); see To Precede. Foregone, see Past. FOREGROUND, pars antlca (the fore-part in gene- ral). — proscenium (of a theatre). — quae in imagine emi- nent (of a picture or painting). To place or put athg in the f. -ground, qd primo loco ponere or collocare (in general; e. g. in a speech; i. e. to make alhg a promi- nent part).— *in pictura cs rei or hominis imaginem primam ponere (in a picture). FOREHEAD, frons. A high /., frons alta : a broad /., frons lata : a narrow f., frons brevis : a very narrow or small /., frons minima: a man vrith a broad /., fronto : to wrinkle one's /., frontem contrahere or ad- ducere or attrahere: to smooth one's /., frontem remit- tere or exporrigere(t) or explicare(t): to strike one's /., frontem ferire, percutere : to rub one's /., os perfri- care: athg is written or expressed on aby's /., in fronte cs qd inscriptum est. || Fig.) A brazen /., os durum, durissimum, or impudens; often os only : fiducia (con- fidence) : what must his f. be, who fyc. ? quod tandem os est illius patroni, qui &c. ? (C.) you know what a brazen f. the man has, nosti os hominis ; nosti auda- ciam (C). FOREIGN, peregrinus (fm peregre ; that comes fm a f. country, and properly belongs to it, whether his resi- dence amongst us is for a long or short time). — exterus. externus (what is not contained within the limits of our country ; externus simply denoting that fact, and so being merely local; whereas exterus denotes that the object in question is therefore alien to us: thus exterae gentes or nationes is a political expression for f. nations ; opp. nos, and socii nostri, &c. : externae gen- tes, &c, are f. nations considered geographically only. Externus may be applied to things as well as persons; not so exterus. ^^" Extraneus in the best prose denotes 'not belonging to our family;' in the silv. age it obtained the meaning of not belonging to the state, considered as a greater family : exoticus is un- classic; extrarius denotes what does not belong to my- self). — adventicius (that comes or is brought to us fm a f. country, as birds, fyc. ; opp. vernaculus; also ad- vent, auxilium, '/• aid,' opp. that afforded us by mem- bers of our own family, C). — advecticius (imported fm a f. country, vinum, ivine; S. Jug. 44,5). — im- portatus (imported). — barbarus (not Roman, esply with ref. to language, customs, #c). F. manners, cus- toms, barbarum (to fidp/3apov, T.Ann. 6,42, 1): ex- cessive predilection for what is /., peregrinitas (C. ad Fam. 9, 15, 5): f. pronunciation, dialect, peregrinitas (Q. 11, 3, 30) : leave off every thing f, peregrina omnia relinque : a f. language, sermo externus, lingua pere- grina: to learn to speak in a f. language, peregrinam linguam discere : a f. word, verbum externum, per- egrinum, esply verbum peregrinum et externum: /. customs, manners, mores externi: to adopt f. customs or manners, moribus externis se obltnere (said reproach- fully): our country that is not subject to a f. power, patria soluta ab omni externo imperio : /. aid, externa auxilia, adventiciae copiae (C): /. countries, terrae ex- terna?, loca externa (n. pi.); terrae longinquiores or remotiores (of distant countries): to visit a f. country, to travel in a f. country, peregre abire or proficisci : to fly to a f. country, solum vertere or mutare (a gentler expression for in exsilium confugere, to go into exile; hence also with the addition exsilii causa) : to be received in a f. country, recipi in exsilium (of an exile; ex- plained by C. himself, pro Ccec. 34, extr., in aliam civi- tatem recipi) : to dwell in a f. country, peregre habitare : to stay in a f. country, peregrinari : to return fm a f. country, peregre redire : to call aby fm a f. country to the throne, qm peregre accire in regnum : all that is /., peregrina omnia (e.g. relinque): a f. yoke, exter- num imperium, or (with ref. to the subjects) servttus, (375) FOR utis. To deliver fm a f. yoke, externo imperio solvere ; servitute liberare. || Irrelevant, $c, see Alien. FOREIGN ER, externus (as belonging to or born in a foreign country ; opp. civis, populafis). — alienigena. homo longinquus et alienigena (one born in a foreign country ; opp. indiggna).— peregrinus (prop, any f. who in travelling slays with us a longer or shorter time, and has not the right of a citizen or inhabitant; then, one who dwells in the Roman territory without possessing the rights of Roman citizenship; and thus the politi- cal name for f. ; opp. civis). — hospes (a f. as having a claim on the hospitality of the state or of some indi- vidual). — barbarus (one that is not a Roman, that has not the Roman manners, customs, language, #c. ; see Daehne, Np. Milt. 7, 1). — advfina (an emigrant fm an- other country; opp. indiggna; but more directly to the aborigines, avroxOoves). Jn. externus et advena (e. g. rex) ; alienigena et externus ; peregrinus et externus ; peregrinus atque advena ; peregrinus atque hospes. The dialect, pronunciation of f.'s (i. e. their way of speaking the Roman language), peregrinitas (Q.ll, 3, 30). FORE-IMAGINE, cogitatione qd praecipere. animo cogitare, concipere, complecti ; also cogitare (to fancy to oneself). See To Imagine. FOREJUDGE, praejudicare (propr. of a previous in- vestigation). — praejudicati qd afferre (ad qd, impropr.). FOREKNOW, praescire.— praenoscere.— praesciscere (to learn before). FOREKNOWLEDGE, praescientia (Eccl.).— provisio (a seeing before, animi ; C. Tusc. 3, 14, 30). FORELAND, promontorium. — lingua, lingula. FORELOCK, cirrus (natural lock ; then also the hair on the forehead of horses, and the crest of some birds). Prov., to take time by the f., tempori insidiari (to lie in wait, as it were, for an opportunity); occasionem ar- ripere (to seize an opportunity). FOREMAN, praeses (g. t. for the president or head of any body : ggp" praesfdens belongs to the silv. age). — omnium rerum cs transactor et minister (the head of an establishment, who conducts its business). The f. of a jury, *praeses or primus judicum selectorum. FOREMAST, *malus anterior. FOREMENTIONED, de quo (qua) supra commemo- ravimus ; quern (quam, quod) supra commemoravimus or diximus ; quern (quam, quod) supra scripsi ; qui supra scriptus est, or qui supra scripti sunt; de quo (qua) a nobis antea dictum est ; cujus supra memini- mus ; also ille merely : |^^° supra dictus or commemo- ratus, praedictus, praenominatus are post-Class. In the f. manner, ut supra dictum est; ut supra scripsi or scriptum est. FOREMOST. See First. FORENAMED. See Forementioned. FORENOON, dies antemeridianus (propr. Sen. Ep. 65, 1). — tempus antemeridianum. horae antemeridianae (the time or hours in the /.). In the /., ante meridiem ; tempore antemeridiano ; horis antemeridianis : that happens, or is done, or received in thef, antemeridianus (e.g. conversation, sermo; letter, literae): an hour in the /., hora antemeridiana (aft. Mart. 3, 66, 6, hora meridiana, and Suet. Gramm. 24, extr., hora pome- ridiana) : the hours in the /., horae antemeridianae ; tempus antemeridianum (time in thef.). FORENSIC, forensis. F. eloquence, eloquentia or rhetorica forensis; genus dicendi judiciis aptum : /. style, forense dicendi genus. FORE-ORDAIN, praestituere. praefinire.— praedesti- nare {in a theological sense). FOREPART, pars prior or antlca; (of a ship,) see Forecastle. The f. of a building, prior or prima domus pars (opp. postlca domus pars, i. e. the back of the house, or interiora, the interior). — frons (the front). FORERANK, acies prima. FORERUN, qm praecurrere (before aby).—qva. ante- currere or antevertere (so that the other follows). FORERUNNER, praecursor (propr. 7rp6opojuo?, wch C. Att. 1, 12, p. in. Orelli stands in Greek). — praenuncius or, with ref. to a fern, subst., praenuncia, cs rei (fig. announcing beforehand; e. g. magnarum calamitatum: it is used substantively or adjectively). — quasi dux con- sequents cs rei (as C. Tusc. 4, 30, 64, alii autem metum praemolestiam appellabant, quod est quasi dux conse- quents molestiae. — signum (crrjpelov, the sign or sym- ptom fm wch we may gather what is about to happen). — nota futurae cs rei (symptom, Cels.). ggp Antecursor is a military term; but used of John the Baptist by Tertull. FORESAY. See To Foretell. FORESAID. See Forementioned. FORESEE, praevidere. providere or prospicere also FOR with animo (to see afar off, into futurity). — praesentire (to remark or perceive before). Jn. animo providere et praesentire. — (animo) praecipere (to f. in one's mind). To f. what is coming, futura praevidere; quae sunt futura prospicere : to f. far-distant things, longe in posterum prospicere : to f. athg afar off, qd multo ante videre or praesentire: he had always foreseen this termi- nation of his life, semper talem exitum vitae suae pro- spexerat animo : what he foresaw, iffyc, quod futurum provideat. ut &c. FORESHAME. See To Shame. FO RES HIP. See Forecastle. FORESHORTEN, *obliquas imagines formare (see next word). FORESHORTENING (in a picture), catagrapha (KcndypcKpa), pure Lat. obliquae imagines (Plin. 35, 8, 34). FORESHOW, praemonstrare (both propr. of pointing out, but poet, in this sense, and impropr. of foreboding ; magnum qd praemonstrare et praecinere, Auct. Har. Resp.). — praesignificare (e. g. quae sunt futura, C. Div. 1, 38; no where else). — ostendere. monstrare. por- tendere. — praenunciare (to be the forerunner of). FORESIGHT, praescientia. provisio (animi; C. Tusc. 3, 14, 30). — providentia (prudence). The gift of /., peritia futnrorum (Suet. Tib. 67). FORESPEAK, [| To foretell, vid. || Forbid, vid. FORESPENT, || Tired, vid. || Spent before (of time), ante actus. FOREST, silva (g. t. propr. and impropr.). — saltus (the mountainous forest with pastures, a wild forest; esply met with in rough defiles) ; pi. continentes silvae (C(bs. B. G. 3, 28). A thick f., magna, densa silva: a f. -nymph, nympha silvse (poet, nympha silvicbla); Dryas, Hamadryas (Apud?, 'Ap.a6pvd<:, nymph of the trees): 'the woods and forests' (as office under an ad- ministration), *silvarum cura or administratio ; the holder of it, *a consiliis rei saltuariae. FORESTALL, || To anticipate, vid. || To buy before the thing is brought to market, prae- mercari (before another person, so that he cannot get it). — comprimeie frumentum (to buy up corn, in order to raise the price of it). FORES TALLER, coemptor (he that buys up ; Appul. Apol. p. 321, 31). — propola (in order to sell it again). — manceps annonae (if of corn, to sell it at a higher price ; see Plin. 13, 57). — dardanarius (speculator in corn ; Ulp. Dig. 47, 11, 6, and Paul. Dig. 48, 19, 37). FORESTER, \\ Inhabitant of a forest, homo Silvester (H. A. P. 391 ; g§p° silvicbla, poet.). || Keeper of a forest, saltuarius (Petron. 53, 9, and JCt.). FORETASTE, s. Fig.) gustus ([gUT not praesensio, wch means 'presentiment'). To give a f. of athg, ci gustum dare cs rei : to give aby a f. of joy, qm gaudio delibutum reddere (Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 16): to have a f. of, qd gustare : to have only a f. of, primis labris gus- tavisse rem. FORETASTE, v. || Propr.) praegustare.— praelibare (to taste before another person; e. g. as cup-bearer ; nectar, Stat.). || Impropr.) See 'To have a Fore- taste of.' FORETELL, praedicere. praenunciare.— vaticinari. augurari (Syn. in Prophecy). To f. aby's fate, prae- dicere quid ci eventurum sit : to f. aby's death, ci mor- tem augurari. If = forebode (of things), vid. FORETELLER, vates. See Prophet. FORETHINK, ante considerare. — animo prae- cipere. FORETHOUGHT, providentia (the precaution that looks into the future, and regulates its proceedings so as to avert any danger, or prevent or avoid injury or harm; *L. 30, 5, 5 : cf. C. de Invent. 2, 53, 160): with f, con- sulto. judicio (with premeditation): to do athg with /., qd consulto or meditatum or praeparatum facere : to be done or happen with /., consulto et cogitatum fieri. FORETOKEN, s. See Forerunner, Prognostic. FORETOKEN, v. See Foreshow, Forebode. FORE-TOOTH, dens prior or primus; pi. dentes priores or primi or primores or adversi. FO REWARD. See Van. FOREWARN, praemonere; aby about athg, qm de re ; to do athg, ut qd faciat (0.) ; not to do athg, ne qd faciat: to be forewarned of athg, praemoneri de qa. re; also qd (e. g. varietatem cceli praemonitus, Col.). Prov.) Forewarned is forearmed, *nihil ei imparato accidit, qui praemonetur. — praecogitati mali mollis ictus venit (of being armed to bear it; Sen. Ep. 76, prop. fin.). (376) FOR FORFEIT, s. || Fine, vid. || Penalty, vid. To pay the /., see ' to suffer (the) Punishment': the game of f.'s, *pignorum lusus. FORFEIT, v. multari qa re (to be deprived of it as a punishment). — amittere qd (to lose it; e.g. omne et exercitiis et imperii jus amittere. C. Phil. 10, 5, fin.). — (ex) qa. re excftlere (to be turned out, as it were, fm a possession; common in post- Aug. writers; not C). — jacturam facere cs rei (e. g. dignitatis, but of one who makes a voluntary sacrifice). To f. his life, capitis pcenam commerere : to deserve to f. one's life, capitis poena dignum esse : to condemn aby to f. his life, capitis pcenam ei constituere, qui, &c. (Cces.); capitis dam- nare qm (Np. ; the former of fixing what the punish- ment of an offence shall be, if aby should commit it) : to condemn aby to f. a sum of money, poena pecuniaria, or pecunia multare qm : to f. the right of wearing the toga any longer, jus togae amittere; jure togae carere : a forfeited pledge, fiducia (creditori) commissa; pignus desertum : to f. aby's favour, gratiam amittere ; gratia" excuiere : to f. his recognizances, vadimonium deserere : to f. reputation, existimationem perdere. FORFEITABLE, quod amitti &c. potest. FORFEITURE. See Forfeit and Fine. FORGE, s. fornax (furnace). A smith's /., fabri officina; officina ferraria. FORGE, v. || To make by hammering, $c. fabricari (g. t for manufacturing). — procudere (to shape by hammering, fyc. ; e. g. a sword, gladium). — tundere (to beat, hammer, fyc. ; e. g. ferrum). — fingere (to form, to make). \\To counterfeit ; e.g. documents, fyc, tabulas corrumpere or vitiare (g. t.). — tabulas inter- polare (by erasing words or letters, and writing others in their place). — tabulas interltnere (by smearing out words with the stylus reversed); Jn. tabulas corrumpere atque interlinere. — tabulas transcribere (to falsify in copying, to counterfeit). To f. aby's handwriting, chiro- graphum cs imitari (C. N. D. 3, 30, 74). To f. a will or testament, testamentum interpolare or interlinere or transcribere [with the difference above explained) ; tes- tamentum subjicere, supponere, subdere {to put a forged will in the place of the genuine one) : to f. money, numos adulterlnos percutere (aft. Suet. Ner. 25); monetam adulterinam exercere (to be an habitual forger of it; Ulp. Dig.); numum falsa, fusione formare (of debased coin; Cod. Theod. 9, 21, 3): forged coin, numus adul- terinus (opp. numus bonus) : forged, ficticius (g. t., not genuine) ; subditus ; subditicius ; suppositus (substi- tuted for the genuine one; eg. of a testament) ; falsus (false; e. g. literae). Jn. falsus et corruptus (C); fal- sus et a qo vitiatus (L.). FORGER, || Counterfeiter, paracharactes (napa- XapaKTnr, Cod. Theod. 9, 21, 9). — falsae monetae reus (as accused of the crime, ibid.). To be a f. of base money, monetam adulterinam exercere (Ulp.); numos adu'l- terinos percutere (aft. Suet. Ner. 25). A f. of aby's handwriting, qui chirographum cs imitatur (C), or *cs chirographi imitator. || Forger of a will, testa- men tarius. FORGERY, adulteratio (gpT impostura, in this meaning, belongs to forensic Latinity). F. of coin, mo- netae adulteratio (Interp. of Cod. Theod. 9, 21, 5): accused of f, falsae monetae reus (ib. with ref. to coin) ; falsarum tabularum reus (with ref. to documents, Suet.) : the punishment of /., poena falsarum et corruptarum lite- rarum (C, with ref. to documents). Athg is a /., *fal- sum est chirographum ; *falsae et corruptee sunt literae or tabulae. FORGET, oblivisci cs rei or qd (g. t. also = 'to leave behind one,' as L. 22, 58, velut qd oblftus ; i. e. as if he had forgotten something). — oblivioni dare, memo- riam cs rei abjicere or deponere. qd ex memoria de- ponere. memoriam cs rei ex animo ejicere (to f. inten- tionally ; to dismiss fm one's mind). — negligere (to pay no attention to it). — negligentia praeterire (to omit from negligence, to omit mentioning). I have forgotten athg, fugit me qd; oblivio cs rei me cepit; qd ex animo effiuxit or e memoria excessit or e memoria elapsum est (athg has escaped my memory) : to be (or become) forgotten, e memoria excfdere or dilabi ; ex animo effluere (of things); nulla mei ratio habetur (not to be taken notice of; of persons) : let that be altogether for- gotten, haec evulsa sint ex omni memoria : to f. the danger entirely, alienare a memoria periculi animum: to f. oneself, oblivisci sui (not to consider oneself; also to be unmindful of one's usual valour, dignity, fyc. ; e.g. V. JEn. 3, 629); dignitatis suae immemorem esse (un- mindful of one's dignity or the position one is filling) ; qd peccare (to be guilty of a breach of manners, of a FOR fault, fyc.) ; to forgive and /., (veteres) cs injurias vo- luntaria, quadam oblivione conterere (C. Fam. 1, 9): forgetting all his other duties, or every thing else, om- nibus negotiis posthabitis or omissis ; relictis rebus omnibus; omissis omnibus rebus (Cess.): to f. one's own name ( = to have a wretched memory), oblivisci nomen suum (Petron. Sat. 66): to f. their sex, sexum egredi {of a woman, T.). Athg is forgotten, fama cs rei obliteratur (oblit. esply in L. and post-Aug. prose, e. g. T.): athg was not yet forgotten, cs rei nondum memoria aboleverat (L. 9, 36): I shall be the last per- son to f. athg, qd nuliius in animo quam meo minus obliterari potest (L. 26, 41). FORGETFUL, obliviosus. FORGETFULNESS, oblivio. // = neglect, vid. To show f. of one's duty, deesse officio. FORGIVE, ignoscere, absol. or athg, qd, or ci rei ; athg to aby, ci qd ; also for doing athg, quod faciam qd {to take no notice of the faults of others ; to pardon fm generosity). — veniam dare cs rei {to f, instead of letting the law take its course; also to pardon fm a feeling of generosity, esply of a superior).— gratiam facere cs rei {to remit the punishment due to athg; to give a gratui- tous, undeserved, and complete pardon for athg; see S. Cat. 52, 8; Jug. 104, 5; L. 3, 56, in.).— concedere {to pardon fm kindness; e.g. peccata ci, C. Verr. 2, 1, 49 ; also [ = condono], with the cause on account of tveh the pardon is granted in the dat.; e.g. peccata liberum parentum misericordiae concedere, C.) — con- donare {to excuse; f. fm a disposition of kindness ; e. g. crimen hoc nobis, C. ; also pass, uti . . . Jugurthae scelus condonaretur, S.) — indulgere ci {to overlook his faults, fyc. ; to f. fm kindness of heart). To f. aby an offence out of regard for another, ci qd concedere or condonare {ace. of the offence) : to f. oneself, sibi ig- noscere : to f. aby's fault, peccatum ci ignoscere or concedere; peccato cs indulgere; errori or errati ve- niam dare {an errour, mistake) : to f. aby's crime, delic- tum ci ignoscere ; delicti gratiam facere : to f. aby on the ground of his youth, veniam dare adolescentiae : to f. aby what is past, ci praeterita ignoscere; qm venia donare in praeteritum: to f aby an affront, condonare ci injuriam : athg may be forgiven, qd ignosci potest; ci rei venia dari potest; qd venia dignum est : athg cannot be forgiven, qd condonari or excusari non potest; ci rei venia dari non potest; *qd venia, indignum est. FORGIVENESS, venia. — pcenae remissio. poenae meritae remissio (remission of punishment). To ask (aby's) f, veniam ignoscendi petere; postulare, sibi ut ignoscatur ; postulare, ut ignoscat qs ; ci satisfacere {to give satisfaction by asking for pardon) ; on account of athg, ci rei veniam petere; aby for athg, ci rei ut ignoscat qs, postulare ; a qo petere or qm orare, ut ignoscat qd : / ask your f. for it, id ut ignoscas, a te peto : to obtain f. fm aby, qm ad ignoscendi volun- tatem deducere ; impetrare a qo veniam ; about athg, ci rei. FORK, s, furca. furcilla {as well for a pitch-fork as for a support, but never for our ' table-fork ;' since the ancients, as is well known, conveyed their food to their mouth with their fingers). — merga (/. for raking corn into a heap, the shape of it is unknown; see Schneid. Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2, p. 360, sq.).— ancon (uyntiiv), or, pure Latin, ames {an instrument, in the shape of a f, for spreading fishing-nets ; Grat. Cyneg. 87 ; H. Epod. 2, 33, Boettiger). — bifurcum (neut. adj. ; the forked end of athg, e.g. quum insertum est bifurco pastini, Col. 3, 18). — capre&lus (a support ; also = clavicula). — clavi- cula (the f. -shaped twig of a vine). In the shape of a f, furcillatus: a stable-f, pitch-f, fm the context, furca only. FORK, v. To f. up corn, fyc, spicas mergis legere (Col ) ; mergis elevare manipulos (Fest. p. 124, ed. Mull). To be forked ( = divided forkwise), findere se in ambas (V.) or duas (0.) partes (t).— findi.— bifariam procedere (C. Tim. 9). FORKED or FORKY, furcillatus; furcae similis (like a /.).— bifurcus (e. g. surculi, arbores, &c.).— - bicornis (having two horns or prongs, like a fork). FORLORN, destitutus (destitute).— orbus. orbatus (bereaved, like an orphan, propr. and impropr.). — desertus (deserted, left behind). — inops. nudus (stripped, helpless).— solus (alone, forsaken). — desperatus (without hope). — spe care ns.s pe orbatus. spe dejectus (that has lost all hope). J§§p° exspes is poet. only. FORLORN-HOPE. See Hofe. FORM, v. Trans.) A, Propr.) formare (to give athg the definite shape that it must have, if it is to be recognized for what it is intended to represent).— con- (377) FOR formare (to f. athg with an harmonious drrangemenl and proportion of its parts). — figurare (to give athg the shape that is suitable to its destination) — fingere. con- fingere (to give a definite shape to a shapeless mass). — Jn. fingere et formare. — formam cs rei facere ; of athg out of athg, all ex qa re. — labricari (to compose of its necessary elementary or component parts). Of these collected cohorts he formed a legion, bis legionibus coactis legionem efficit : to f. words, verba fabricari ; verba fingere or formare; arbitrarily, ad arbitrium suum : to f. letters, literas scribere ( |§§§r not formare) : very beautiful and clearly formed (characters), compo- sitissimae et clarissimae (literu)ae, C.) : a stone that has formed itself in the bladder, lapis in vesica innatus. B) Impropr.) a) To imprint on athg the character it should have, esply in a moral and intellectual sense, fingere. formare. confor- mare.— colere, excolere (to cultivate). — expolire (to take off the rough exterior). — instituere (to give the necessary instruction in a particular department); to athg, ad qd. To f. the mind, animum, mentem fingere or confor- mare; animum colere, excolere (doctrina): to f. the character, mores conformare : to f. the minds of youth, puerilem aetatem ad humanitatem informare (g. t., to f. their manners, character, %c.)\ juventutem ad honestatem fingere, juventutis mentem ad virtutem fingere (to render morally good, virtuous) : to f. aby's character, qm formare et instituere : to f. an orator, oratorem efficere or instituere : to f. oneself after aby's example, se formare in cs mores ; exemplum capere or sumere de qo (to take aby as an example). || p) To arrange, ordinare. in ordinem adducere or redigere. — disponere (to assign to each part its proper place). — componere (to compose, put together in an agreeable form). — collocare. constituere (to bring or put into apro- per condition). — describere (to draw a plan of athg). — explicare (to develope).— copias ordinare (to f. the ranks of the troops), or disponere (i. e. to point out to each single soldier his place and rank; see Np. Iph. 2, 2, ' in earn consuetudinem adduxit copias, ut, sine ducis opera, sic ordinatae consisterent, ut singuli ab peri- tissimo imperatore dispositi essent'): to f. the bat- talions jor the attack, copias or aciem instruere : to f. the line of march, *agmen ordinare (to f. it as it is to march) ; agmen explicare (to f. the soldiers again into a line, after having been thrown into confusion on a march): to f. a council, consilium constituere. || To constitute; e. g. to f. the right wing, dextrum cornu tenere. || Miscellaneous phrases : to f. a notion of athg, qd mente fingere or formare ; informare in animo cs rei notionem ; notionem cs rei animo con- cipere; qd animo effingere; cs rei notionem mente fingere : not to be able to f. any notion of athg, fugit qd intelligentiae nostras vim et notionem : to f. a plan of athg, instituere rationem cs rei (i. e. to conceive or lay down a plan ; e. g. for a work, operis) : to f. some plan respecting athg, consilium capere or inire de re : to f. a plan of one's own, consilium capere sibi sepa- ratim a reliquis ; great projects, magna moliri : to f. an attachment to aby, amore suo qm amplecti, prosequi; a friendship with aby, amicitiam cum qo conciliare, constituere (Qm. C. Pet. Cons. 7, 27), inire, sibi parere (Np.); ad amicitiam cs se conferre, se applicare, se adjungere: many friendships are formed, multae ami- citiae comparantur (Qu. C. Pet. Cons. 7, 25) : to f. an acquaintance with aby, qm cognoscere : we have but lately formed an acquaintance, notitia inter nos nuper admbdum est (Com.) : to f. plots agst aby, facere in- sidias ci : / will not contradict the good opinion that you have formed of me, non fallam opinionem tuam. — || Intrans.) Of troops, se explicare : the troops formed of their own accord, sine praecepto ullius sua. sponte stiuebatur acies (L. 9, 31). FORM, s. figura (the shape, with reference to its outline; the shape, considered, merely mathema- tically, without ref. to colour, beauty, fyc, OTpo(pe1ov, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 19) : the director of af.h., brephotrophos (Cod. Just. 1, 3, 42, § 9). (381) FOU FOUNDRESS. See Founder. FOUNT, or FOUNTAIN, fons (both the water thai issues forth, and the place where it issues). — scaturTgo (the. water, as gushing violently forth). — caput (the head of the spring). — aqua saliens. aquae salientes (whence the water shoots forth; e. g. an artificial f.). Opposite there is an (artificial) f, contra fons egerit aquam et recipit; nam expulsa in altum in se cadit, junctisque hiatibus et absorbetur et tollitur (Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 37) : to take fm thef., e fonte haurire qd. The fountains of the great deep were broken up, flumina tellus largius fundit, aperitque fontes novos (Sen. N. Q. 3, 27 ; of the flood). || Fig. = Original source, fons (g. t.). — caput, principium (the first beginning) Jn. principium et fons. — origo (origin).— causa (cause).— unde fit qd (whence athg exists or takes its source). The f. of all things, a quo omnium rerum principia ducuntur : the f. of life, vitae fons (poet. only). FOUR, quatuor. — quaterni, ae, a (each, or to each f., in divisions ; also =/. at once, esply with substt., that are used in pi. only, e. g. on each waggon there were f. men, quaternos viros singuli currus vehebant : /. let- ters, quaternae literse, i. e. epistles) : f. or five, qua- tuor quinque; quatuor aut quinque: twice f, bis quatuor : containing f. pieces, quaternarius (also = of f. feet in diameter, breadth, 8fc. t e. g. pit, scrobs) : one of a committee composed of f. men, quatuorvir (their rank was quatuor viratus): lasting f. months, quadri- mestris : /. years old, quadrimus : (each) f. years old, quaternorum annorum (e. g. boys, pueri) : lasting f. years, quadriennis : a space of f. years, quadriennium (e. g. f. years aft. the taking of Veii, quadriennio post Veios captos) : every f. years, quarto quoque anno : at f. (o'clock), hora quarta: /. per cent, quadrans: a car- riage and /., quadrigae : Jo ride in a carriage and /., curru quadrigarum vehi: made or intended to be drawn by f. horses, quadrijugus or quadrijiigis, e. g. currus quadrijugus or quadrijugis; also quadrigae (». e. a team of f. horses) : that has f. hands, quatuor manus ha- bens ; quadrimanus or quadrimanis (the two last seld. occur): a musical piece arranged for f. (a quatre- mains), *modi musici quatuor manibus clavichordio canendi : (a song) composed for f. voices (a quartette), ♦modi musici quatuor vocibus descripti: tetrachordos (rerpdxopbo^, i. e. that has f. sounds): thef., numerus quaternarius (g. t.); quaternio (on dice; e. g. to throw the /., quaternionem mittere) : that has f. legs, qua- drupes: f. -threaded, or made of f. threads, "quatuor fila habens ; *quatuor filis constans : that has f. cor- ners, quadratus; quadrangulus (of f. angles): that has f. sides, quatuor lateribus ; quadrilaterus (only in later writers) : of f. syllables, *tetrasyllabus (rerpaavX- \afio?) : of f. (or lasting f. hours), quatuor horarum : lasting f. days, quatuor dierum : a space off. days, qua- triduum : /. times, quater: /. times as big, or as much again, quadruplum : /. times as much as, fyc. ; see Four- fold : /. times bigger, quadruplo major (e. g. the lungs of the elephant are f. times as large as those of a bull, elephanto pulmo quadruplo major bubulo) : a piece of poetry consisting of f. lines, carmen tetrastichum : also tetrastfchum only (tetrastichus, reTpdo-Tixo?, Gramm. term): that has f. prongs, quadridens : that has f. teeth, quadridens : consisting of f. different sorts, quatuor generum; quatuor (/. in general) : f. and a half, qua- tuor et dimidius (as adj.): f. times as much as, quater tantum, quam quantum (aft. C. Verr. 3, 45, 112); quater tanto amplius, quam quantum (aft. C. Verr. 3, 97, extr.): on all f.'s, per manus et genua (e.g. rep- tare) ; more bestiarum quadrupes, or quadrupes only. || Four hundred, quadringenti ; quadringeni (each, or to each f. hundred, also f. hundred at once; esply with substt. that are only used in the pi. number, e. g. each horseman received f. hundred 'denarii,' equitibus quadringeni denarii tributi : consisting each time of f. hundred pieces, men, fyc, quadringenarius ; e. g. cohorts of f. hundred men, cohortes quadringenariae) : /. hun- dred times, quadringenties. Four thousand, qua- tuor milia (with following noun in the gen. pi.); qua- terna milia. quaterni milleni (with such nouns as are used in the pi. only). FOUR-CORNERED, quadratus. quadrangulus. FOUR-FOLD, quadruplus. quadruplex. quadri- fariam (the last adverbially taken). — quadruplicate (by four times, with compar. fyc): to make f, quadru- plicare. FOUR-FOOTED, quadrupes : a f.-f. animal, qua- drupes (i. e. bestia or animal, hence sts fern., sts neut.). FOUR-OARED, quadriremis : a f.-o. vessel, quadri- remis ; navis quatuor scalmorum. FOU FOUR-POUNDER, *tormentum bellicum globos quadrilibres mittens. FOURSCORE. See Eighty. FOUR-SQUARE, quadratus. FOUR-STRINGED tetrachordos ( T 6Tpaxop3or). FOUR-WHEELED, *quatuor rotarum. quatuor rotas habens. It was the Phrygians that first invented f. -wheeled carriages, vehiculum cum quatuor rotis in- venere Phryges (Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 199). FOURTEEN, quatuordecim. — quaterni deni (dis- trib.; each, or to each/.; also f. at a time, or at once, esply with substt. that are used in the pi. only). F. hun- dred, mille et quadringenti: /. years old, quatuordecim annorum. quatuordecim annos natus (of men) : f. times, quater decies. FOURTEENTH, quartus decimus: for thef. time, quartum decimum. FOURTH, quartus. Every f. (man, fyc), quartus quisque : for the f. time, quartum : in the f. place, or regarding the f., quarto. FOURTHLY, quarto. See also the lists in First. FOWL, s. \\A bird, vid. \\ F.'s = poultry, -pecus volatile, aves cohortales (farm-yard f.'s, e. g. geese, chickens, fyc. ; opp. the rest of domestic animals) : fat- tened /., altiles, ium, /. (esply chickens) : a young /., pullus gallinaceus. || Chicken, hen,vi&. FOWL, v. aucupari (Varr.; Gaj.). FOWLER, auceps. A skilful /., aucupii peritus. All f.'s, omnes, quos aucupia alunt. FOWLING, aucupium.— avium captura. FOX, || An animal, vulpes (/.): a small f. , or a f.'s cub, vulpecula (C. N. D. 1, 31, 88. H. Ep. 1, 7, 29. Schmid. Auct. Carm. de Philom. 59): belonging to (or of) af., vulpinus (e. g. lingua, jecur, Plin.): a f.'s kennel, vulpis specus. vulpis fovea, vulpis cubile : the fur of a f., pellis vulpina: a cloak lined with f.-skin, *amiculum ex pellibus vulpinis consutis factum (c/. Ammian. 31, 2, § 5) : to wear a cloak of f.'s fur or skin, tergis vulpium indutum esse (Sen. Ep. 90, 14): the brush ofaf. (t. t. of sportsmen), cauda vulpina. || Fig. A sly or crafty fellow, vulpes. homo versutus. homo callidus: a sly old f., veterator. FOXGLOVE, *digitalis purpurea (Linn.). FOX-HOUND, canis venaticus. Fox-hounds, canes venantium. To keep f.-h.'s, canes alere ad venandum. An excellent f.-h., canis ad venandum nobilis (where, of course, ad ven. depends on nobilis). FOX-HUNTING, venatio vulpium. FOXLIKE, vulpinus (i. e. belonging to a fox). FOX-TAIL-GRASS, alopecurus (uAwTre/coi/poc ; Linn. ; Sprengel makes the ancient al. the *saccharum cylindrium). FRACTION, fractura. \\ In arithmetic, Hume- rus fractus ; *fractura : to reduce f.'s to their lowest terms, *fractiones ad minimos numeros reducere (so *fractionum ad minimos numeros reductio): to ber educed to their lowest terms, *ad minimos numeros reduci. FRACTIONAL, *fractus. A f. number, *numerus fractus. FRACTIOUS. See Quarrelsome, Cross. FRACTURE, s. fractura (e. g. of a bone, ossis). F. of the bone, fractum os (i. e. the fractured bone itself). F. of the thigh, fractum crus or femur (i. e. the broken thigh itself) ; fractura cruris or femoris (the f. of the shin or thigh ; all Cels. 8, 10, in. and No. 5) : /. of the arm, fractum brachium (the fractured arm itself, aft. Cels. 8, 10, No. 3); fractura brachii (the f. of the arm, aft. Cels. 8, 10, in.). FRACTURE, v. frangere. confringere. — defringere (Plant.; crura aut cervices sibi). Tof. one's arm, thigh, %c, frangere brachium, coxam, crus, &c. To set a fractured limb, see To Set. FRAGILE, fragilis (propr. and impropr.); in the impropr. sense, Jn. fragilis et caducus ; frag, caducus- que; fluxus et fragilis (S.). See Frail. FRAGILITY, fragilitas (propr. and impropr.). — bre- vitas (shortness, e. g. of life). FRAGMENT, fragmentum (portion broken off; poet, fragmen : there is no class, authority for the use of this word for af. of athg that is not material; hence, though fragmenta codicum manuscriptorum, &c, would be correct for the actual parchment, #c, fragmenta ora- tionis, libri, scriptoris cs, &c. would not: better reli- quiae, pars non integra, quae restat ( for partes non in- tegral quae restant] ex libro, qui periit, &c). F.'s of a play of Menander's, trunca quaedam ex Menandro (Gell. 2, 23, extr.). [Matthiee and Kraft recommend the retention of fragmentum as t. t.~\ FRAGRANCE, or FRAGRANCY, odor suavis ; fm the context, odor only ; e.g. odores incendere.— odora- (382) FRA mentum (balm, incense, fyc; Col. and Plin.): thef. of flowers, suavitas odorum, qui afflantur e floribus : to inhale the f. of athg, odorem totis navibus trahere (Phcedr. 3, 1, 4). FRAGRANT, bene olens (to smell well, imparting a good smell ; poet, odorus). — odoratus (full of fragrancy, also if artificial, thus = perfumed). — suavis (sweet) : more}., odore praestantior (aft. Plin. 15, 18, 19): to be /., odorem habere, prasstare, emittere (poet, spargere, spirare, diffundere) ; bene or jucunde olere. FRAGRANTLY, suaviter (i. e. pleasantly, in gene- ral). — bene (e. g. olere). FRAIL, fiscma (a basket made of rushes, Spanish broom, brambles, fyc. for fruit, making cheese, %-c. ; C. and V., %c). FRAIL, adj. fragilis. fluxus (inconstant; athg that cannot be depended upon). Jn. fluxus et fragilis. — caducus {lit. inclined or fated to fall ; hence perishable in its nature); Jn. fragilis caducusque. — fugax (easily or quickly passing by). — brevis (short). — imbecillus (that is deficient in strength; a later form is imbecillis). — infmnXLS (that has no stability and duration).— caducus et infirmus (e. g. corpus). — debilis (weak fm disease). — (multis) erroribus obnoxius. ad vitia proclivis or pro- pensus (morally f. Cf. C. TuscA, 37, fin.). FRAILTY, fragilitas (propr. and fig.).— imbecillitas. infirmitas. debilitas [Syn. in Weakness]. — vitium. error (fault, foible). — brevitas (shortness of life). No man is exempt fm f.'s, nemo nascitur sine vitiis (H.) : humanum est errare : to have many f.'s, multis errori- bus obnoxium esse: to feel one's /., minimum in se esse arbitrari (opp. plurimum sibi confidere, i. e. to feel oneself equal to athg: C. Lcel. 9, 29): human /., infirmitas humana ; error humanus (as act caused by it) : to have erred (in athg) through human /., qa culpa teneri erroris humani (C). FRAME. See To Fashion, To Form. || To put into a frame (e. g. a picture), picturam in forma" lignea includere. picturam tabula marginata includere. FRAME, \\ A fabric, vid. || Edge, $c. of what contains athg, margo (af., of wch the edge projects). tabula marginata (a f. with a back to it). To put a pic- ture into a f. ; see To Frame. || Of a window, •margo ligneus fenestras. || Frame of the mind, habitus or affectus animi. temporarius animi motus (see Q. 5, 10, 28). || Order, ordo. dispositio. ordinatio. constitutio. descriptio (a framing, ordering; Syn. in Order). || Frame of the body, mly corpus only; sts membrorum compositio (e. g. apta, the symmetry of the members). FRAMER, opifex. fabricator (the workman of athg). — auctor (the author of athg ; he to ivhom the invention or execution of an object is due). — conditor (the founder of athg). — parens (the father of athg : see Founder). Thef. of laws, see Legislator. FRANCHISE, s. immunitas (exemption fm perform- ing public services or paying taxes). — beneficium. com- modum (a grant or privilege; benef. inasmuch as it is conferred ; comm. inasmuch as it has been received). — privilegium (a privilege, in general ; all three post- Aug. tt.). The electoral f., suffragii jus, mly sufFragium only. To restore to the people their electoral /., suffragia populo reddere. FRANCHISE, v. See To Enfranchise. FRANK, liber (not checking his tongue fm respect of persons, fear of consequences, $c. |§|gr The ' liber,' if he carries his freeness of speech beyond the above meaning, becomes 'maledTcus ; ' see Q. 2, 12, 4). — apertus (open ; without deceit, of persons and their character, opp. tectus). — simplex (straightforward). Jn. apertus et simplex. — candidus (pure, of character). — ingenuus (open, honest, as becomes a free-born man).— simula- tionum nescius (unable to act a part). To be f. with aby, ci aperte, quod sentio, loqui (C.) ; se aperire or se patefacere ci : to make a f avowal of one's opinion, see 'I will tell you Frankly what I think' ( gggT memorem liber tatis vocem mittere, L. 3, 36, does not apply to ordinary occasions). To be f. with you, see ' to speak Frankly.' FRANK, s. See To Frank. FRANK, v. (a letter), *nomine inscripto epistolam a vecturae pretio immunem facere (to write upon it the name of a person who can exempt it fm postage). — *epistolae perferendae mercedem persolvere (to pay the postage) to any place, ad locum. A letter is franked, *epistola a vecturae pretio immunis est. FRANKINCENSE, tus. See Incense. FRANKLY, libere. sincere, candide. vere. simpli- citer. aperte. sine fraude ; sine dolo ; sincera fide ; ex animo : ex animi sententia. Syn. in Frank. To con- FRA fess (athg) /., aperte et ingenue confiteri: to speak /., loqui sincere, sine dolo or fiaude : I will tell you f. what I think, quid ipse sentiam, vere, ingenue, aperte, ex animi sententia dicam: to speak or say (athg) /., libere dicere: to speak f. (as inserted in a sentence apologetically), nementiar; siquaeris (or quasritis, &c). si verum scire vis ; ut ingenue or aperte dicam : to de- clare (athg)f. to aby, ci aperte, quod sentio, loqui (C). FRANKNESS, animi candor (the purity of senti- ment). — simplicitas (straightforwardness). — sinceritas (sincerity, openness). — animus apertus (openness). — ingenuitas (ingenuousness). To speak with /., see Frankly. FRANTIC, phreneticus ((ppevtiTtKos, C. 8fc). — vesa- nus. insanus. vecors. delirus. furens. rabidus. iuriosus. rabiosus [Syn. in Mad]. To make aby /., in furorem impellere qm ; amentem facere qm ; in rabiem agere qm ; in insaniam redigere qm : to become f, in furorem verti or impelli ; amentem fieri; in insaniam incidere ; ad insaniam venire; in rabiem agi: to be /., furere; insanire ; delirare (to be in a delirium). Jn. delirare et mente captum esse. FRANTICLY, furiose. insane, rabiose. furenter. Syn. in Mad. FRANTICNESS, furor (rage; the state when one exercises no controul over one's mind). — rabies (esply of a sudden breaking out of rage). — amentia (want of sound mind, madness). — insania (insanity). — lympha- tus, us (the disease of the lymphaticus, Plin.). FRATERNAL, fraternus. F. sentiments or feelings, fraterna plena humanitatis et pietatis voluntas : a letter not written in very f. terms, epistola parum fraterne scripta. FRATERNALLY, fraterne (e. g. facere, amari). To love aby f, qm sic amare, ut alteram fratrem : a letter not written very f., see Fraternal. FRATERNITY, fraternitas (post-Aug.). — necessi- tudo fraterna. germanitas (i. e. the connexion between brothers, fyc). — sodalitas. sodalitium (close or intimate connexion between friends; comradeship). — collegium, corpus (a brotherhood ; association of persons holding the same office, %c). FRATRICIDE, || Murderer of his brother, fratricida. — parricida (murderer of any near relation). — 1| Murder of a brother, parricidium frater- num. fraterna nex. — fratris csedes.— fm context, parri- cidium only (murder of any near relation). — fratrici- dium (late). To commit /., manus sanguine fraterno cruentare (aft. Np. Epam. 10, 3) ; parricidio fraterno contaminari ; also fratrem necare or vita privare. FRAUD, fraus.— fraudatio. — dolus malus, or dolus only. — fallacia. Jn. doli atque fallaciae. — ars. artes. machinae [Syn. in Deceit].— circumscriptio (a draw- ing a line, as it were, round aby, that he may not escape; hence imposition, esply upon young people). — error (er- rour, deception, instead of wch fraus also is used). With- out /., sine fraude : full off. (of persons), see Fraudu- lent: to commit a /., fraudem inferre: to intend or meditate f, fraudem moliri; dolum parare, commoliri ; qd ad fallendum instruere: to be guilty of a f. in athg, fallaciam in re facere : to practise a f. agst aby, frau- dem ci facere ; dolum ci struere, nectere, confingere ; fabricam fingere in qm ; tragulam in qm conficere ; tech- nis qm fallere (the three last Com.) : to practise a similar /., consimilem ludere lusum (Com.) : to try to practise af. agst aby, fraude qm tentare; fallaciam in qm inten- dere : there is some or no f. in the matter, qd or nihil doli subest : to be condemned for practising /., falsi damnari. FRAUDULENCE or FRAUDULENCY, fraudatio (opp. fides). — fallendi studium (the propensity to prac- tise f.). See Fraud. FRAUDULENT, ad fallendum instructus. fraudu- lentus. — fallax (inclined to deceive, artful). — dolosus (full of intrigue; all, of persons and things).— qui totus ex fraude et iallaciis constat (a thorough-going deceiver). — vafer (sharp).— veterator (grown old in cabuls and intrigues). — vanus (vain, deceitful, of things ; e. g. hope, spes) : in af. manner, see Fraudulently. FRAUDULENTLY, fraudulenter. fallaciter. dolose, per dolum. To act f., dolose or mala fide agere. FRAY, s. See Combat, Fight. FRAY, v. || To frighten, vid. || To wear away by rubbing, atterere. usu deterere (by use). FREAK. See Caprice. FREAKISH. See Capricious. FREAKISHLY, ad libidinem (suam). — ex libi- dine (S.). FREAKISHNESS, mutabilitas mentis (the change- ableness of the mind); Jn. inconstantia mutabilitasque (383) FRE mentis (C. TuscA, 35, 76).— mobilitas (the moveableness, also of a personified object; e. g. fortunae). FF-ECKLE, lenticula. — lenticulae, pi. ; also lentigo (or, of the f.'s of several persons, lentigines). — aestates (aft. Plin. 28, 12, 50). To have f.'s in one's face, lentigi- nem habere ; also sparso esse ore ( Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 20) : to cause or produce f.'s, faciem lentigine obducere (Plin.) : to remove f.'s, lentigines e facie tollere; lentigines emen- dare, corrigere or sanare; lenticulas curare; lenticulam tollere (Cels.) : one that has f.'s in his face, lentiginosus. FRECKLED or FRECKLY, lentiginosus.— lentigi- nosioris (Val.Max.). To bef, lentiginem habere; also sparso esse ore (Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 20). FREE, 1) Not impeded or oppressed by any encumbrance, liber (v. propr.). — solutus (delivered fm athg that acts as a constraint). Jn. liber et solutus ; liber solutusque; solutus ac liber. F. fm athg, liber, liberatus re or a re ; vacuus re or a re (esply fm athg burdensome or troublesome); expers cs rei (not partaking in or not subject to athg, esply of mental agitations and passions ; cf. C. Verr. 4, 10, 23, ' vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere'); intactus qa re (not yet affected or stirred by a thg ; e. g. by superstition, of passions, desires). |g^" ' F. fm athg' may also be sts ex- pressed by the negative prefix 'in;' e.g. f.fm imposts, taxes, 8fc, immunis : /. fm guilt, innocens : /. fm inter- mixture, immixtus, &c. : f.fm burdens, imposts, %c, see ' Exempt fm : ' an estate f. fm all encumbrances, prae- dium solutum (opp. obligatum, C.Rull. 3,2, 9) : /. fm fear, liber metu : /. fm care, liber cura (et angore) ; cura" or curis vacuus; cura et angore vacuus; curae expers; curis liber solutusque; a sollicitudinibus et curis re- motus (that has no care or grief; the three last, of per- sons only); securus (without care; of one who feels no anxiety even when there is sufficient cause for it) : to be entirely f. fm care, omnes curas abjecisse. in utramvis aurem or in dextram aurem dormire (Prov. Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 100. Plin. Ep. 4, 29, in.): f. fm blame or guilt, vacuus a culpa; liber culpa; innocens; also liber a delictis : /. fm passions, solutus or remotus a cupidi- tatibus. cupiditatum expers : to be f. fm athg, vacatio- nem, immunitatem habere cs rei (the former of athg oppressive, but esply, like the latter, of any impost or duty, as military service, taxes, fyc) ; abesse, abhorrere a re (to be far jm, e. g. of suspicion) ; carere qa re (not to have athg, e. g. a disease, mental agitation, fear, fyc.) : to make or set aby f., see To Free. 2) Not subject to the commands or power of others, esply not to any civil coercion, liber (of people, states, 8(c). — ingenuus (f.-born, or, like liberalis, worthy of a f.-born man). A f. man, homo liber, ingenuus ; corpus liberum : the f. popula- tion, plebs (opp. slaves and nobility; see Dilthey, Tac Germ. 11, p. 98) : a f. state, people, fyc, liber populus ; libera civitas ; civitas libera atque immunis (of one that had been tributary) : to set f. (a prisoner), qm e custodia emittere : to make a slave /., servum manu mittere. (See To Emancipate.) 3) Not subject to limitations or restric- tions; and a) Locally, patens, apertus (open). — purus («atfapor, without trees, buildings, fyc). — liber (t liber campus, O.). b) With ref. to the body, to matter: to let athg have its f. course, qd non impe- dire : to set aby /., qm e custodia emittere, or (if by violent means) qm e custodia eripere : / have f. access to aby, patet mihi aditus ad qm ; est mihi aditus fami- liaris in cs domum : to escape scot-f, pcenas non dare ; qd impune facere (or fecisse), see Scot-free. To have one's hands f. (impropr.), libere agere or facere posse : if I had my hands quite /., si essent omnia mihi solutissima: /. motion, motus solutus et liber, c) With ref. to the free-will of man, liber. — solu- tus (not tied down) ; Jn. liber atque solutus : to be /., sui juris or suae potestatis, or in sua potestate esse, integrae ac solidae libertatis esse (to be one's own master). — nulla necessitate astrictum esse (not to be tied by athg): not to be /., ex alterius arbitrio pendere ( B^° not aliunde or extrinsecus pendere, which, tornfm the context ofC.adFam. 5, 13, 2, we sometimes find, in modern writers, in this meaning) : a man's f. will, voluntas libera or soluta; potestas libera; arbi- trinm. I am f. to fyc, liberum est mihi ; meum arbi- trium est : / am still f. to, integrum est ; res mihi integra est : I am no longer f. to §•cov jocularia fundere, ridicula jactitare (to be cutting jokes; at a given time; both L. 7, 2) : to make f. of aby, qm ludibrio habere; qm ludos facere (Com.); putare sibi qm pro deridiculo et delectamento; alludere ci (if with words ; e. g. Trebatio, Q. 3, 11, 18). FUNCTION, actio.— negotium (business). — officium (duly; part to be performed). — ministerium (service). — vicis (gen.; nom. sing, not found; duty as performed by a substitute). — munia (pi., only in this form; candida- torum, belli, ordinum, consulates). Aby's f.'s, cs negotia, partes, officia, or munia: the f.'s of the consul, actio consularis : the f.'s of the tribunes, actiones tri- bunorum (L.): the natural f.'s of the body, naturales corporis actiones ( ggp" officium is also used of natural f.'s in poet., offic. quod corporis exstat, Lucr. 1, 337; and neque pes neque mens satis suum officium facit, performs its f.'s, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 3). To perform f.'s, officiis fungi; officia exsequi; munia facere (L.), obire, or implere (T.); munia cs rei facere (L., e.g. belli); vice cs rei fungi (to serve for it; to serve its purpose); aby's f.'s, munia cs implere {e.g. ducis, T.); officiis cs fungi (Auct. Heren. 4, 34) ; vice cs fungi (the two last of being a substitute for him; doing the work that was usually done by another). FUNCTIONARY. Public f, magistratus (magistrate). — (homo) publicus (cf. Cces. B. G. 6, 13). — minister publicus (e. g. lictores ceterique ministri publici, Appul. Met. 9, p. 237, 26; the best phrase for the lower public f.'s). The high f.'s of state, summis honoribus fungentes. summi magistratus, or qui summis rnagi- stratibus praesunt (cf. Cces. B. G. 1, 16). FUND, || Stock or capital, supply of money. See Capital, Money. There are no f.'s to meet this expense, *non est, unde sumptus isti tolerentur : that these f.'s should be reserved for supplying the military chest, militare aerarium eo subsidio niti (T. Ann. 1, '8, 2). @§|r For ' not to have f.'s,' ' to undertake athg without f.'s,' 8fc, see Money. \\ Money lent to a government, *aes alienum publice contractum (public debt), or pecunia publica (or regis, principis) fide sumpta mutua (borrowed on the national faith, aft. pecun. sua aut amicorum fide sumpta mutua, S. Cat. 24, 2). — versura publice facta (considered as the state's bor- rowing fm others to pay its immediate creditors). To put money into the f.'s, prps pecuniam apud principem (regem, &c.) collocare (to lend one's money to the king), or "pecuniam publica fide mutuam dare. The f.'s fall, *aerarii fiducia conturbatur (aft. conturb. areas nostras fiduciam, C.) ; or «syngraphae de versura publica ca- ventes minoris veneunt (the price of public scrip is lower) : the f.'s are low, *pretia syngrapharum de versura publica caventium jacent (aft. pretia piaediorum jacent, C); *fides publica est angusiior : the f.'s rise, *aerarii fiducia augetur ; • syngraphae de versura publica caventes majoris veneunt : the f.'s are stationary, *fides publica non commutata est : to try to raise the f.'s (of stock- jobbers, #c), # fidem publicam incendere, excandefacere, or incendere et excandefacere, flagellars (the terms for FUN raising the price of corn, annonam) : to lower the f.'s, *Mem publicam levare or laxare {terms for corn). FUNDAMENT, podex. anus (the former the obscene term fm 'pedere;' the latter the euphemistic one fm ' anus,' orb). — nates, clunes (the seat; nat. of men; clun. of men and beasts). — sedes (is a more euphemistic term for nates). Dim. cluniculse (Favorin. in Gell. 15, 8, 2). FUNDAMENTAL, adj. primus, primarius (first).— principalis ( primary ; chief ; e.g. causa). A f. law, lex primaria: af. notion, prima notio or notitia. prin- cipium. intelligentia quasi fundamentum scientiae (C. Legg. 1,9). A f. principle or rule, praeceptum firmum et stabile (C): the f. articles of a constitution, instituta prima: the f. principles of human nature, principia naturae, quibus parere et quae sequi debes (C, or debent oranes). FUNDAMENTAL, s. F.'s, «capita doctrinae sacrae prima or principalia, or *doctrinae sacrae principia. FUNDAMENTALLY, primo. principio. primitus (originally). — vere. praecipue. imprimis, necessario (essentially). Syn. in Essentially. To be f. dif- ferent, ipsa rei natura, diversum esse. FUNERAL, funus (kacpopd ; g. t., the carrying out of the corpse).— exsequiae funeris, and simply exsequiae '■fill that follows the corpse; a f. train; f. procession). ^-pompa funeris, and simply pompa (a splendid f. pro- fession, when the persons who accompanied it were attended also with further pomp, as the bearing of the images of ancestors, §-c.).— justa, orum, n. ; justa fune- bria, n. pi. (the last duties paid to a corpse, wch were prescribed by law or adopted by custom). — sepultura (the way and manner of burying a corpse; burial as a solem- nity). A numerously attended /., celebritas supremi diei (C. Milan. 32, 86) : a splendid /., funus amplum, apparatissimum : an honorable /., funus honestum : to celebrate a f., funus facere ; funus exsequiis celebrare : to make a f. for aby, funus ci facere, ducere ; funere efferre qm; ci or cs funeri justa facere, solvere : a mag- nificent f, funus quanto possum apparatu facio; justa magnifice facere : to make a magnificent f. for aby, amplo or magnifico or apparatissimo funere qm efferre : to make aby a magnificent and honorable f., funus cs omni apparatu et honore celebrare ; ci pompam funeris honestam et magnificam facere : to give aby a princely f., efferre qm sollemni principum pompa (aft. Suet. Claud. 45, where for efferre, the un-Class. funerare) : to give aby a royal f., prope regio funere qm efferre; regio more ci justa facere : to make aby a plain f., qm sine ulla pompa funeris efferre : to order one's own f. to be made (in one's own lifetime), sibi vivo et videnti funus dicijubere (as the Emperor Charles V. did; aft. C. Quint. 15, extr.). — componi se in lecto et velut mortuum a circumstante familia se plangi jubere (to cause oneself, in one's lifetime, to be lamented as if dead, by one's domestics, as Turranius did, ace. to Sen. de brev. vit. 20) : to attend aby's /., funus exsequi ; exsequias comitari; exsequias funeris cs prosequi; ci in funus prodire ; in funus cs accedere (to join oneself to aby's f. procession) : to invite aby to a f, qm evocare ad funus ; to the f. of aby, ut qs ci in funus prodeat. FUNERAL, adj. used in the composition of words, e. g. Funeral Sermon, Oration; see those compound words. FUNERAL CRY, lamentatio funebris ; lamenta, orum; plangoret lamentatio (g.t. the crying at a funeral ; pi. when joined with beating on the breasts, fyc). — lessus (esply the funeral howl of the female mourners, in C. de Legg. 2, 23, extr., explained by lugubris ejulatio). FUNERAL EXPENSES, sumptus funeris (Ulp. Dig. 11, 7, 12).— impensa funeris omnis (Phcedr. 4, 19, 25). FUNERAL FEAST, ccena funebris.— epulum fune- bre or ferale (if a public one). To give a f. /., sepulcrum epulis celebrare. FUNERAL FEES, arbitria funeris. merces funeris ac sepulturae (but |ggp° pretium pro sepultura is not Latin). To have no f. f.'s to pay, numum ob sepul- turam dare nemini. FUNERAL HYMN, naenia. carmen funebre (g. t. a hymn or dirge, that was sung at a funeral; the latter we find in definition of the former in Q. 8, 2, 8). — cantus funebris (inasmuch as it is sung; see C. Milon. 32, 86) ; also carmen ferale. FUNERAL ORATION, oratio funebris (g. t.).— laudatio funebris; fm the context, laudatio only (in praise of the deceased). — laudatio post mortem sollemnis (of the usual public oration). To write a f. o„ ora- tionem ad funebrem concionem scribere : to deliver one, de mortui laude dicere; qm mortuum laudare; (392) FUR orationem habere supremis cs laudibus. I^pr Not concio funebris, wch in C. de Or. 2, 84, 341 = ' an assembly for the purpose of celebrating a funeral.' Epitaphius (sc. \6yos) is used in C. Tusc. 5, 12, 36, as the title only of a Greek f. o. FUNERAL PILE, rogus. The Greek pyra (nv P ,i) is poet., and of a later date only, and signifies rogus ardens; i. e. the pile while burning. To raise a f. p., rogum exstruere : to put (a corpse) on the f. p., in rogum imponere or inferre : to light it, rogum accen- dere : to ascend it, in rogum ascendere. FUNERAL POMP, exsequiarum apparatus (all that is necessary for a funeral). — pompa funebris (the procession itself). FUNERAL PROCESSION, exsequiae. — pompa (if attended with any pomp or show). FUNERAL RITES, justa or justa funebria, or justa exsequiarum (the last, C. Leg. 2, 17, 44, the rites pre- scribed by law or custom). — $*££" parentalia = the funeral sacrifice offered to the Manes of a parent or other relation; exsequiae, propr. = the train of mourn- ers, fyc. To perform f. r.'s to aby, ci justa facere (S. ) ; cs funeri justa solvere (C); justa praestare or persolvere (Curt.), peragere (Plin.). After the performance of the f. r.'s, justis funebribus confectis (Cess.): to be deprived of burial and the customary f. r.'s, sepultura et justis exsequiarum carere (C). FUNERAL SERMON. See Funeral Oration. FUNERAL SONG. See Funeral Hymn. FUNERAL TORCH, fax funebris. FUNERAL TRAIN. See Funeral Procession. FUNEREAL, lugubris (belonging to mourning, or serving as a sign of it). — luctuosus {full of mourning or sadness). See also Mournful. FUNGOUS, fungosus. spongiosus (Syn. ireSpuNGE). FUNGUS, fungus (eatable). — fungus aridus (used as tinder; e.g. fungus aridus scintillas excipit).— pannus (an excrescence, of the nature of a f, on trees) ; agari- cum (on larch-trees) ; aegilops (on oak-trees). FUNICLE. See Cord, Fibre. FUNICULAR. See Fibrous. FUNNEL, infundibulum (for infusion ; also in Latin, fm its shape, the reservoir through wch the corn is shot in a mill, = the hopper). To pour into athg through a /., per infundibulum immittere: a small /., cornu (of horn, esply for medicines : dim. corniculum): in the form of a /., f. -shaped, *in infundibuli formam redactus. — || Funnel of a chimney, cuniculus fornacis (Plin. 9, 38, 62). FUNNY. See Laughable, Facetious. FUR, s. pellis (the skin or fleece itself, or the manu- factured article ; of wider meaning than the Engl. word). J/wr£w«ic,tunicapellicea (or peliicia): a dress lined with fur, vestis pelle intus munita : made of fur, pelliceus or -ius (later only) : a fur collar, *collare pelliceum : a fur cloak, *pallium pelliceum or ex pellibus factum (all fur) ; pallium pelle intus munitum (lined with fur) : a fur cup, galerus ex pellibus i'actus (aft. V. JEn. 7, 688): fur boots, »perones pelle muniti {with fur); 'pe- nnies pellicei (made of fur) : fur shoes, *calceus pelle munitus (with some fur about it) ; *calceus pelliceus (made of fur ; cf. O.A.A. 1, 5, 16; pes in pelle natat) a fur jacket, *thorax pelliceus: fur glove, *digitabulum pelliceum : a glove lined with fur, *digitabulum pelle intus munitum : a fur cover or coverlet, stragulum pelliceum (Paul. Dig. 34, 2, 24) : with a fur cover to it or on it, pellitus : a dealer in fur, *pellium mercator : the fur trade, *pellium mercatura. || Coat of mor- bid matter on the tongue, pituita oris (Plin.), or by lingua humore defecta (dry tongue; aft. 0. Met. 9, 567, though this says loo little). FUR, v. || To line or cover with fur, qd pelle intus munire (to line with fur).— *qd pelle circumdare {to edge with fur).— vesti pellem or vestem pelle prae- texere (to face it with fur). || To coat (the tongue) with fur, prps *linguam pituita obducere or op- plere; or *linguam eo, quod ex gravi balitu subsedit, integere, opplere, or obducere. A furred tongue, salivae plenum os (g. t.). — *lingua pituita intecta or ob- ducta, or *lingua eo, quod ex gravi halitu subsedit, oppleta, &c. ; or prps *lingua plena (a loaded tongue, aft. os amarum habere, dentes p 1 e u o s, Plaut. Cure. 2, 3, 39). FURBELOW. See Flounce. FURBISH, nitidum reddere. nitidare. detersum qd nitidare atque rubigine liberare (to rub it bright; e. g. ferramentum qd, Col. 12, 3).— detergere (to wipe or rub clean or bright). FURIOUS, furens. — rabidus (in a fit of passion or rage).— furiosus (full of rage). — furibundus (acting like FUR a madman). — ssevus {savage; he whose anger makes him lose all control over himself). — violeutus (violent, impe- tuous, e.g. attack; ingenium, character). — vehemens (vehement, e.g. wind, ventus; clamour, clamor); Jn. vehemens et vio'entus. — atrox (making a terrific im- pression, of things, e. g. deeds). Jn. saevus et atrox. — torvus trux (of the looks of one who is in a passion; then of the individual himself). — ferox (wild, untamed, uncontrolled). A f. look, oculi truces: to cast f. looks on fyc, circumferre truces minaciter oculos ad &c. : aby looks /., *ex cs ore saevitia eminet : a f. onset of cavalry, procella equestris (see L. 29, 2) : /. attacks, impetus crudeles et furibundi (e. g. latronis, C.) : af. passion, ira et rabies cs : to make abyf., ci furorem objicere; animum cs exasperare ( (gUTfuriare is poet.) To become or grow /., furore efferri, efferari; incendi or inflammari ; ira exardescere : to bef., furere ; saevire : to bef. beyond alt conception, ultra humanarum irarum fidem saevire ; ultima crudelitate saevire. FURIOUSLY, furiose. furenter. vehementer. vio- lenter. acriter. atrociter. Syn. in Furious. FURIOUSNESS. See Fury. FURL, vela contrahere (C). — vela legere(tP.— I3§p" vela subducere = to take them down). FURLONG (the eighth part of an English mile), prps stadium (a length of 125 paces, or 625 feet, accord- ing to Plin. 2. 23, 21 : al. 647 ; al. 693 Eng. feet). FURLOUGH, commeatus. To give (an officer or a soldier) /., ci commeatum dare : to take (or ask for) /., commeatum sumere ; commeatum petere : to be on /., in commeatu esse : to dismiss on /., in commeatum mittere. FURMETY, or FRUMENTY, puis (g. t.), or «puis triticea. FURNACE, fornax (to wch the adj. may be added to denote what it is used for; e. g. Plin. 17, 19, 6, calcaria fornax). || Impropr.) The f. of affliction, (quasi) faces dolor is or dolorum (C). Abyt is tried in the f. of affliction, *cs pectus dolorum quasi facibus admotis exploratur or purgatur, or *cs scelus dolorum quasi igne exuritur (aft. V. JEn. 6, 742). FURNISH, || To supply (with ace. of thing), suppe- ditare (e. g. the money, the expense, water, corn, fyc). — praebere. praestare (to afford; praeb. panem, sumptum : to f. a lighter diet, leviorem cibum praestare, of birds). — providere (to f. beforehand what will be required, arma; ligna in hiemem). || To supply with alhg, qm qa re instruere (g. t. for providing with what is necessary). — ornare. exornare qm qa re (nocrp.eiv, 6ia- Ko-n7ptoi<) : the angle of the g., fastigii versura : any ornament terminating a g., qdinsummo fastigio (culminis)positum (e.g. columen, Vitr. 4, 2, 1). G. end, tympanum fastigii : to be raised nearly as high as the g., paene ad fastigium pervenisse (of a house; aft. C. Alt. 4, 1, init.). GAD, v. ambulare. cursare et ambulare.— ambula- torem esse, ambulatncem esse (of a woman, to be a gadder out; cf. Cat. 143). Gadding (of a plant), erra- ticus. ' The gadding vine' (Milt.), vitis serpens mulu- plici lapsu et erratico (C). GADDER, ambulator. /. -trix (both Cat. villicu« ambulator ne siet; so villica ad ccenam ne quo eat, neve ambulatrix siet). — homo vagus, homo qui circum fora vicosque vagus est (or, of a woman, quae circum fora vicosque vaga est ; aft. Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14). GAD-FLY, cestrus (oiVrpof).— tabanus. asilus. GAG, v. praeligare ci os.— qd in fauces cs injicere. — obvolvere cs os qa re et praeligare (C. , to wrap athg round his mouth). — qd (e. g. lintea) in os faucesque injicere (aft. L. 40, 24). — "os cs obturare (to stuff up his mouth, gutturem obturare, Plaut.). GAG, *oris or faucium obturamentum, or injectae in fauces cs tapetes (or injecta ... lintea, according to what is used; aft. L. 40, 24). GAGE, s. See Pledge. GAGE, v. See To Pledge, To Pawn. GAGGLE, strepere. gingrire. clangere (all of geese). GAGGLING, strepitus. clangor, gingritus (all of geese); also voces anserum (T. Germ. 10, 3). GAIETY, || Cheerfulness, vid. || Finery, splendour, fyc. vid. GAILY, || Splendidly, splendide. pulchre. ni- tide. || Joyfully, laete, hilare or hilariter. hilari or laeto animo. GAIN, s. lucrum, quaestus. commodum. emolumen- tum. compendium, fructus. [Syn. in Advantage.] — praeda, praedae (propr. booty ; then g. t., any g. or advantage wch can be looked upon as a kind of booty ; the pi. praedae, when several kinds of g. are spoken of; see Interpp. ad Np. Chabr. 2, 3). — praemium (reward, #c, dOXov). Jn. quaestus et lucrum; quaestus et com- modum ; lucrum et emolumentum ; fructus et emolu- mentum ; quaestus et compendium ; quaestus praeda?- que. A little g., lucellum ; qd lucelli (e. g. dare ci). For the sake of g., lucri or quaestus causa (e.g. gerere rem) ; sui quaestus et commodi causa. To make g of, see To Gain by: to be eager in the pursuit of g., omnia ad lucrum revocare ; omnia quaestu metiri ; quaestui servire or deditum esse : to think athg g., qd in lucro ponere ; putare esse de lucro ; deputare esse in lucro ; lucro apponere (H. Od. 1, 9, 14). Ill-gotten g.'s, male partum or -a (e. g. male partum male disperit ; male parta male dilabuntur). gggT For phrases (e. g. to bring ing-, to derive g. fm, fyc), see Profit, s. Your g. in this is greater than your loss in that, plus hujus rei acqui- sisti, quam amisisti illius. GAIN, v. lucrari, lucrificare qd (g. t., opp. perdere ; the former also in playing with dice; T. Germ. 24, 3,- Suet. Cal. 41 ; both, in the wider sense, = to acquire, obtain). — proficere qd (both in a mercantile and other respects).— acquirere qd (to g. what one has striven for, opp. omittere).— consequi. assgqui [Syn. in Acquire] ; vincere qd, or absol. (to conquer, carry off the victory, get the upper hand in a contest or in play [opp. perdere], in a law-suit, #c; either with ace. or abl., or within and abl. of that in wch one g.'s, and with an ace. of how GAI much one g.'s; see the examples below). To g. in or by athg, qusestum facere in qa re : to g. nothing, nullum facere quaestum ; nihil proficere : to g. much, multum lucri auferre ; magnum lucrum or quaestum facere : to gain immensely, maximos quaestus praedasque facere. To g. at play, see To Win. You have gained more in position than you have lost in property, plus acquisisti dignitatis, quam amisisti rei familiaris : to g. aby's con- sent to do athg, ci id persuadere, ut &c. To g. a place, fyc. ( = to reach it after great exer- tion), locum capere (also = potiri locum or loco; i. e. to make oneself master of). — qm in locum pervenire (to get as far as it) — in locum enlti or evadere (to ascend to a higher point, to reach it ; e.g. to gain the shore, in terram ev. ; the summit of, in verticem montis) : to g. the open plain, in campum pervenire: to g. a battle, victory, see ' To Win a battle:' to g. a cause ( = law-suit), causam (or causa) judicium (or judicio) vincere : to g. the prize, praemium auferre (dOKov e^eaOai): to g. aby's friendship, in amicitiam cs recipi; in cs familiaritatem venire or intrare ; in cs amicitiam pervenire : to g. aby s friendship by dishonorable means, in cs amicitiam se insinuare: to g. the hearts or affec- tions of men, animos sibi conciliare : to endeavour, by any means, to g. people's affections or good-will, qa re hominum (plebis, &c.) animos or benevolentiam alli- cere : to g. people's hearts for aby, animos (hominum, plebis, &c.) conciliare et benevolentiam erga qm. \\To gain over ( —win to one's side, fyc), qm or cs animum conciliare (e. g. donis, pecunia, pollicitatio- nibus) ; qm or cs animum allicere (to entice, opp. alie- nare; also cs animum ad benevolentiam); also allicere atque excitare studium cs (or -a qrm ; e. g. ad utili- tates nostras, to our interests, C); qm ad causam suam perducere (e. g. donis) ; qm in suas partes ducere or trahere (g. t. to draw to one's side or party) ; qm ad studium sui perducere (to induce aby to interest himself in one's service or cause); cs gratiam consequi (to obtain aby's good-will or favour) : to g. over a judge, conci- liare sibi judicem or judicis animum: to g. a person over to one's opinion, qm in sententiam suam adducere, or (entirely) perducere: to try to g. aby over (impro- perly), qm or cs animum tentare, to athg, ad qd (to make an attack, as it were, by way of attempt on aby's mind ; by money, promises, and threats, pecunia, pro- missis et minis) ; qm or cs animum sollicitare, to athg, ad qd (to endeavour to rouse or incite; e. g. pecunia; pretio; spe libertatis); qm aggrgdi (to attack him, as it were, by athg; e. g. variis artibus). GAINER, Crcl. qui lucratur, &c. — victor (con- queror). GAINFUL, lucrosus (g. t. for advantageous, fyc). — quaestuosus. quod quaestui est (of what brings mer- cantile profit ; e.g. mercatura). — fructuosus (fruitful; rewarding our pains with something that is or may be considered as the produce of it ; e. g. oratio, cf. C. Tusc. 5, 13, in.). GAINFULNESS. See Advantage, Profit. GAINSAY. See Contradict. GAINSAYER. See Contradictor. GAIT, incessus. ingressus. A quick or slow g., incessus citus, tardus : an erect g., incessus erectus. ingressus celsus : an effeminate g., incessus fractus. To have a somewhat effeminate g., molliorem esse in incessu (0. A. A. 3, 306): to have a proud or stately g., magnifice incedere : to have a firm and not undignified g., habere stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum (this also of the march of metrical feet in verse, e. g. of a spondee). GAITERS, ocreae, pi. See Boot. GALA DAYS, dies in aula sollemnes (cf. Col. 12, 3, 1). GALAXY, orbis lacteus (C. Somn. Scip. 3).— lacteus circulus (Plin.). — via lactea (0.). GALE, aura (any wind, not excluding strong gales; e. g. aura rapida, stridens, violentior, in the poets) ; also impropr. ventus (^r. t. for wind,). — flatus (mly poet, flatus aestiferi, C. fm Arat.). A stiff g., magnus ventus. || Impropr.) aura. The g. of popular favour, popularis aura or ventus popularis (C); aura favoris popularis (L. 22, 26). GALIOT. See Galley. GALIPOT, «reslna pinea. GALL, s. fel (ace. to Isidor. 11, 1, § 128, prop, the g. -bladder, or the g. bladder with the g. ; hence it is never used in figurative language for ' anger,' but as a figure for bitterness, bitter hatred, and that only in poets; e. g. the heart is full of g., cor felle litum est, Plant. True. 1, 2, 76). — bills (the g , so far as it is found out of the g.-bladder in the guts and stomach, and wch, (395) GAL when too abundant, produces disease; see C. Tusc. 4, 10, 23 ; hence it is used also in figurative expressions, e. g. bilem ci movere, commovere). — stomachus (prop, the stomach, and then, since the g. overflows into the stomach in anger and other violent emotions, = the seat of sensibility and anger; hence figuratively = these affections, e. g. stomachum ci movere, commovere; exarsit qs iracundia ac stomacho). Full of g., biliosus ( ISST in later writers, fellosus). More bitter than g., •felle amarior. GALL-BLADDER, vesica fellis.— fel. See Gall. GALL-STONE, *cholelithus (xoX^, Ai'0o?). GALL, v. || Chafe, excoriate, atterere (e. g. femina equitatu). — terere (t colla labore, Propert.). — 1| Impropr.) To sting (the mind), fyc, mordere (to bite; of the actions, letters, fyc. of another person). — pungere (to sting). — calefacere (to make a person warm, tog. him; of an orator exciting aby by his reproaches, fyc. C. in conversat. language). Galling (of words or language), mordax (\e.g. carmen, H.; verum (Pers.); aculeatus (stinging) ; acerbus (bitter). A galling letter, literae aculeatae : galling jests, asperiores facetiae : gall- ing wit, acerbitas salis : galling words, verborum aculei. j| To inflict loss, fyc. on troops (mil. t.t.), male habere (e. g. agmen adversariorum, Cces.). — vexare (to distress). GALLANT, adj. \\ Polite, fyc. vid. || Brave, courageous, vid. GALLANT, s. amator (lover). — juvenis (or ado- lescens) delicatus (fine, smart, somewhat effeminate young man, fond of show, fyc). — homo elegans or elegantior (nice in his dress, fyc). — homo urbanus (polished, fyc). — sts juvenis only may do. GALLANTRY, |j Politeness, vid. || Courage, vid. GALLEON, *navis Hispana or Hispaniensis ; or *navis Hispana maxima? formae. GALLEOT, *navis actuaria minoris formae. GALLERY, portYcus (an open g. with columns). — pinacotheca (a picture-g., Varr.). — superior locus (g. t. for an elevated place ; e. g. in a theatre, ex superiore loco spectare). — cavea summa or ultima (the last row in a theatre): clap-traps for the g., verba ad summam caveam spectantia. To build a picture-g., pinacothe- cam constituere. The director of picture-g. 's, qui est a pinacothecis (Inscript.). || G. (in a church), prps podium (Georges; but as this was the lowest of the terraces or g.'s in an amphitheatre, it does not seem suit- able; better prps suggestus). GALLEY, navis actuaria (g. t. a coasting vessel); triremis publica (a trireme belonging to the state) : to condemn aby to the g.'s, qm dare ad remuni publicae triremis (aft. Suet. Oct. 16) : to send aby to the g.'s, affigere qm remo publicae triremis (Fat. Max. 9, 15, 3). GALLEY-SLAVE, *servus (or, if a criminal, nox- ius) ad remum publicae triremis datus (aft. Suet. Oct. 16), or *remo publicae triremis affixus (aft. Val.Max.). GALLIC, Gallicus. GALLICISM, *sermonis Gallici proprietas. Athg is a G., *qd Gallici sermonis proprium est. GALLING, s. attrltus, fis (Plin., propr.). GALLIPOT, olla or olla fictilis (earthenware pot, g. t.). — oUulallittle pot ), or *ollula medicamentariorum or medicamentaria. ggp° onyx, a small pot or box of the onyx-stone was often used for unguents. GALLOMANIA, *nimium Francogallorum mores imitandi studium. GALLON, congius is the nearest Rom. liquid mea- sure = nearly six pints ; eight congii ( == 1 amphora) = 5 pints ; Hussey, p. 205. GALLOP, v. equo admisso or laxatis habenis vehi or currere (of the rider). — *laxatis habenis currere or ferri (of the horse) : citato equo advehi (to ride quickly fm one place to another, absol., or to aby, ad qm; to any place, ad or in locum); adequitare (g. t. to ride fm one place to another, absol., or to aby, ad qm; or in a hostile manner, in qm ; to a place, ci loco or (ad) qm locum) : to make one's horse g., equum ad- mittere : to g. up to aby, equo admisso ad qm accurrere (e. g. of an officer carrying information to his general) ; equum concitare contra qm ; equum agere in qm (in a hostile manner) : to g. agst the enemy, equum conci- tare permittereque in hostem ; equo concitato se im- mittere in hostem; equo concitato ad hostem vehi; equo calcaria subdere et acri impetu in hostem invehi. GALLOP, s. citatus gradus. plenus gradus (see In- terpp. adCic. Ep. ad Fam. 12, 16, 2). At a g., citato or pleno gradu; citatus : to advance at full g., pleno gradu ingredi: to retreat at full g., gradu citato rece- dere (opp. sensim, &c). At a or full g., equo admisso, GAM laxatis habenis (e. g. vehi, accurrere ad qm) : to charge the enemy at full g., laxatis habenis invehi in hostem; libero cursu invihi; calcaribus subditis ferri in hos- tem; effusis habenis invadere hostem; effusissmiis habenis invadere hostem. GALLOWS, *catasta ad suDplicium exstructa. |§s^~ The ancients used to hang criminals on a tree that bore no fruit, arbor infelix ; hence to hang a person on the g., qm arbore infelici suspendere. 8§§iP" Patibulum, wch the moderns incorrectly translate g., was a forked piece of wood on wch criminals were crucified. — A g.-bird (as a term of reproach), furcifer. crux, patibulum. career {Com. ; see Ruhnk. Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 26). GAMBLE, ludere in pecuniam (g. t. to play for money; Paul. Dig.). — aleae indulgere. studiosissime aleam ludere. calfacere forum aleatorium (Aug. ap. Suet. ; i. e. to keep the gaming-table warm). — aleatorem esse. To g. away (so much), perdere alea, or fm con- text perdere only : to spend whole nights in gambling, *totas noctes conterere alea : to g. every day and all daylong, ludere per omnes dies, forumque aleatorium calefacere (Suet.). A law agst gambling, lex, quae aleam vetat (aft. H. Od. 3, 24, 58). GAMBLER, aleator.— aleo (Ncev. ap. Fest. Catull.). GAMBOL, v. ludere (to play, g. t.).— exsultare (to leap up, gaudio). — tripudiare (to dance about). Jn. exsultare et tripudiare (C). — lascivire (of cattle, $c., and impropr. of an orator, style, fyc). — exsultim ludere (of a mare, t H.).— per lusum atque lasciviam currere (L. of young men). GAMBOL, s. lusus (t e. g. undas lusibus exercere, O.). — exsultatio. tripudium (Syn. in To Gambol). GAME, ludus (as a pastime, fyc; the proper term for the public ' games,' ludi circenses, gladiatorii, scenici : to exhibit g.'s [of this kind], ludos facere or committere ; cf. munus below). — lusus (as the state of one who is playing). — lusio (act of playing ; g. consi- dered as going on). — ludicrum (a particular kind of game). — munus (public g. wch it was considered the duty of certain magistrates, esply the JEdiles, to exhibit for the gratification of the people; esply of shows of gladiators ; the proper terms are munus dare, praebere, C, edere, Suet.). To invent a new g., novum (sibi) excogitare ludum: boys like g.'s, even when they are laborious, pueri lusionibus etiam laboriosis delectantur. JC|§P° To play ' a g. at' fives, dice, fyc, is simply pila, tesseris, &c, ludere. G.'s of hazard, alea, ae (g. t.). — || Impropr.) To make g. of aby, qm or qd (sibi) ludi- brio habere, qm ludere, deludere, or illudere. — ludos facere qm (Com. and pass, ludos fieri, to be made g. of, Plaut. Pseud. 4, 7, 72, &c). || Animals taken in the chase, or the flesh of such animals, venatio (L. 35, 49, 6; Cels. 5, 26, 30, &c. ; Col. ).— pulpamentum (dressed flesh of hares, wild boars, fyc). When we wondered, how he had procured such an abundance and variety of g. at that season, quum miraremur, unde ill! eo tempore anni tarn multa et varia venatio (£.). GAME, v. See To Gamble. GAME-COCK, gallinaceus pyctes (Col. 8, 2, 5). G.-c.'s, galli, qui prceliantur inter se (Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6). Cocks of the Medic breed make excellent g.-c.'s, galli Medici ad proeliandum inter se maxime idonei (ib.) : to train g.-c.'s, gallos certaminibus et pugnae praeparare (Col. 8, 2, 5). GAMEKEEPER, *rei ferinae magister.— *custos venationis. — subsessor (lying out on the watch for g., Petron. Sat. 40, 1). — saltuarius (forest-keeper, JCt., for wch Plin. has Crcl. cui saltus in cura sunt). GAMESOME. See Playful. GAMESOMENESS. See Playfulness. GAMESTER. See Gambler. GAMING, alea (the game of hazard with the an- cients). See Gamble, Gaming-table. GAMING-HOUSE, *taberna aleatoria or aleatoris. GAMING-LAWS, s. leges, quae aleam vetant. $$^T leges ludi, or leges aleae, would denote the rules of play, regulations among players. GAMING-TABLE, *mensa lusoria (g. t.).— «tabula lusoria. forus aleatorius (dice-board, Aug. ap. Suet. Oct. 71). To be unlucky at the g.-t., minus prospera alea uti : to lose so much at the g.-l., in alea, perdere, with ace. of the sum lost: losses at the g.-t., damna aleatoria: fondness for the g.-t., *studium aleae. temeritas qd lucrandi perdendive (T.). GAMMON, || Of bacon, perna (wepva, thigh of the hind- leg). — pet&>o (thigh of the fore-leg, neraawv). — || Backgammon, vid. GAMMON, v. jj T. t. at backgammon, prps •omnibus talis or tesseris vincere. || Impose upon, vid. (396) GAR GAMUT, diagramma (dtdypap-fia). To run through all the notes of the g., vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere (C. de Or. 1, 59,251). GANDER, anser mas or masculus. GANG, grex. — caterva. — globus (of conspirators, robbers, fyc, conjurationis, latronum). GANGRENE, gangraena (Cels. and fig. Varr. ap. Non.). — caries (of decay in bones). A g. spreads, gangr. serpit. GANGRENE, v. Trans, and Intrans.) Crcl. with gangraeua tenet qd, or *per qd membrum permea v it (aft. Varr. ap. Non.); gangraena or morbo eo, ' quam Graeci tdyvptuvav appellant' (Cels. 5, 26, 31) alfici.— ulcerari. GANGRENOUS, ulcerosus. — *ulcerosus vitio eo, quam Graeci ydyypatvav appellant (aft. Cels. 5, 26, 31). GANTLET. To run the g , *per (militum) ordines currentem virgiscaedi; *per militum ordines agi vir- gisque caedi. (g§§T Not fustuarium, ivch implies beat- ing to death, cf. Ulp. or L, 5, 6, § 14; and Veil. 3, 78, extr.). GANTLET or GAUNTLET, *ferreum digitabulum, or, fm context, digitale or digitabulum, or manica only (Syn. in Glove). To throw down his g., either provocare qm ad pugnam or certamen (g. t. for to challenge), or *digitabulum (or manicam) humi pro- jicere. GAOL. See Prison. GAOLER. See Jailer. GAP, lacuna (a hollow; also fig. loss, damage, ivant, e. g. in property). — hiatus (a larger opening, that may be compared to a yawning mouth). — locus vacuus (an empty place). A g. left by aby in a science, in treating of a matter, pars a qo relicta : to fill up a g., lacu- nam explere (both as to space and number; e.g. in aby' s property, rei familiaris). GAPE, hiare (g. t. for standing wide open, of what us- ually is or might be closed; hence of fissures in the earth, of the mouth, fyc, and of gaping with astonishment; ef.H. Sat. 1,2, 88; fm desire of food or any possession, corvus hians, Phcedr. ; emptor hians, II. ; avaritia hians at- que imminens, C). — oscitare. oscitari (to open the mouth, or athg that resembles a mouth; hence to yawn, and of flowers, to expand themselves; impropr. = to sit and g. ; to be listless and inactive). — omnia stupere (to g. at every thing in wonderment, Petron. 29, 1). — inhiare ci rei or qd ; inhiantem mirari qd (aft. V. JEn. 7, 814, to g. at). — hianti ore captare qd (to g. Jor food, fyc; e.g. aquam, Curt. 4, 16). GAPER, Crcl. qui oscitat or oscitatur; qui hiat, &c. — *spectator stupore quodam defixus (person who gapes in wonderment), or *spectator hians. GAPING, oscitatio.— oscedo (the habit of gaping or yawning, eo vitio, quod oscedo appellatur, Gell.). GARB. See Garment. GARBAGE, intestina. viscera (entrails). — purga- menta (vile parts, fyc. that are washed or swept away ; propr. and impropr.). — sordes. sordes et faex (impropr. of what is foul and worthless). GARBLE, *verba scriptoris non omnia proferendo, sententiam or voluntate.m ejus corrumpere ac depra- vare; or *verba scriptoris mala fraude ita seligere, ut voluntas ejus celetur. *ex iis, quae dixit (or scripsit) qs, alia omittendo, aliatransponendo efficere, ut, verbis prolatis, res celetur. * verbis, quae scripta sunt, ipsis ita uti, ut ordo eorum visque non servetur. GARDEN, s. hortus. horti (hortus mly of a vegetable or fruit g. ; horti, of a pleasure g. or ornamental g., portioned off into beds, fyc; see C. Lcel. 2, 7; 7, 25): a small g., hortulus. Belonging to a g., hortensis : to lay out a g., hortum aedificare: a g. already formed or laid out, hortus institutus : one who works in a g., hortulanus (late) : the keeper or overlooker of a g., horti (hortorum) custos ; custos horto fructus servandi gratia impositus (one who guards the fruits). G.-seat, sedile (e. g. e marmore; cf. Plin.Ep. 5, 6, 40); stibadium (of a semi- circular shape, ib. §36): the cultivation of a g., see Horticulture : a bed in a g., areola; hortus (so far as it is hedged in): a walk in a g., •ambulatio horti (hortorum) ; xystus (a walk planted on both sides with shrubs): g. tools, *instrumenta hortensia: a g.-knife, falx (in the shape of a sickle, for trimming trees, with putatoria or arborea; see Pallad. 1, 43, 2); scalprum (with a straight edge; hence, Col. 4, 25, 1, the straight part of the edge of the falx is also called scalprum). GARDEN, v. hortum colere (0.). To be fond of gardening, *hortorum cultu delectari. GARDEN DOOR, *fores horti. GARDEN PLANTS, hortensia, ium (Plin ). GARDEN-ROLLER, cylindrus (nvXivopos). GARDEN-STUFF, hortensia, ium (pi. adj.), or GAR •' erbae hortenses (g. t.). — olus, eris (pot-herbs); [dim.) oluscula, orum. GARDEN WALL, maceria horti (L. 23, 9). GARDENER, hortulanus (late, Macrob.). — olitor (market-g.). — arborator (with ref. to the trees). — topi- arius (who cuts trees into artificial shapes). GARDENING, hortorum cultus. hortorum cultura or cura. — *res hortensis (as a science; e. g. in a title, ' A treatise on g.,' *de re hortensi, or *(!e hortis colen- dis) To write a treatise on g., *de hortis colendis scribere or exponere. GARGARISM. See Gargle. GAR GAR I ZE. See To Gargle. GARGLE, s. gargaisma, atis. — gargarismatium (both very late; Theod. ; and fm the Greek yap^dpi(rp.a, -driov). GARGLE, v. gargarizare, with alhg, qd or qa re or ex qa re (e. g. with figs, ex ficis). — colluere (to wash, rince: e.g. guttur qa re, Pers. os) GARGLING, gargarizatio (the act of g.). — gargari- zatus (as the state whilst one is gargling himself). GARLAND, corona (g. t. for crown, chaplef, or wreath ; a g. of flowers, corona florea). — corolla, sertum (the sertum for decorating doors, windows, fyc. ; the corolla [inly poet.} for decorating the person on festive occasions; e. g. at sacrifices, fyc). 8&§|?* strophium (a-p6(piov) was some band for the head' [V. Cop. 32. Prud. Cath. 3, 26; worn esply by priests, Fest. s. v.]. An altar decorated with g 's, ara floribus redimita. A funeral g., corona funebris or sepulcralis: a nup- tial g., corona nuptialis (the bride's was corolla de floribus, verbenis, herbisque a se lectis, Fest.): that has or wears a g., coronatus : to make a g., coronam nectere : toputonug., coronam capiti imponere: toput a g. on aby, qm coronare ; cs capiti coronam imponere, GARLIC, allium. — *allium sativum (Linn.). GARMENT, vestis (both clothes generally, = ves- titus, and a single article of dress). — vestimentum (a single article of dress, as a proper and necessary cover- ing of the body) — amictus. amiculum (of upper cloth- ing for warmth or ornament; amictus, collectively ; amiculum, of a single article). — cultus (whatever be- longs to dress; girdle, hat, ornaments, arms, fyc). — g*|p~* habitus is whatever belongs to the exterior in general; cleanliness, mode of dressing the hair, car- riage of the body, fyc. — To change one's g.'s, vestimenta mutare ( ggp"* vestem mutare means to go into mourn- ing). GARNER. See Granary. GARNER. See To Store. GARNET, carbunculus (a more general term, inclu- ding the ruby, carbuncle, 8;c). The precious or orien- tal g., carbunculus Carchedonius. GARNISH, v. See Adorn. GARNISH, s. See Ornament. GARNISHMENT, GARNITURE. See Orna- ment. GARRET, ccenaculum superius. To live in a g., sub tegulis habitare (Suet. Gramm. 9) ; in superiore habiiare ccenaculo (to live in the upper story, wch with the ancients was under the roof, Plaut. Amph. 3, 1, 3) ; tiibus scalis habitare (i.e. to live up three flights of stairs, wch with the ancients was next to the roof ; Mart. 1, IIS, 7, speaking of himself as a poor poet). GARRISON, s. praesidium (also = milites praesidi- arii, i. e. the soldiers forming the g.). — praesidium stati- vum (the soldiers, considered as having their permanent quarters there). — stativa, orum, pi. adj. (sc. castra, the place where the troops are garrisoned). To be in g. any where, praesidio esse ci loco (to be placed in a town for its defence); stativa habere qo loco (to be stationed there) : to be in g. at Nicomedia, in statione Nicomedensi esse : to remain any where in g., qo loco relinqui praesidio : to place a g. in a town, in oppido praesidium ponere, locare, collocare, constituere; locum praesidio firmare, munire ; urbi praesidium imponere : to have a g., praesidio teneri; praesidio rirmatum, mu- nitum esse: to have a strong g., firmum praesidium habere ; valido praesidio firmatum esse : to strengthen a g., praesidium major ibus copiis firmare : to withdraw a g., praesidium ex urbe deducere, abducere (g. tt.); locum praesidio nudare (with the accessory notion of l-aving it defenceless) : to leave behind one a sufficient g., locum tutum relinquere: a regiment in g., praesi- dium stativum. GARRISON, v. To g. a town, see ' to place a Garrison in a town.' To be garrisoned any where, see ' to be in Garrison any where.' GARRULITY, garrulitas. loquacitas [Syn. in Gar- rulous]. (397) GAT GARRULOUS, garrulus. loquax (garr. [ = \ a \la] with ref. to the quality; loq. [ = u<5o\eo-x«'a] with ref. to the quantity of what is uttered. The garr. loves to hear himself talk, and tries to amuse by silly weak con- versation; the loq. tries to instruct by prosy, dull conversation, arising fm the speaker's want of power to express himself concisely ; loquacitas is esply a weakness of old age; C. does not use garr.). — verbosus (wordy; of things; e.g. letters, 8,-c. ; garr. and loq. being con- fined to persons, except in poet., where garr. is used of chattering brooks, fyc, and loq. of eyes, hands, streams, $c). GARTER, periscelis (-Ydis, nepia-KeXl?), or, pure Latin, genuale (t 0. Met. 10, 593, both g. tt. for knee- band) Braided g.'s, periscelides toxtaz (Pet r on.). To put on a g., *periscelide crura vestire. The order of the g., *classis turmalis periscelidis, quae dicitur. A knight of the g., 'classi turmali periscelidis, quae dicitur, ascriptus. GAS, spiritus naturales (Vitr. 9, 9, 2, Rode), or, for distinctness, *gas, quod dicitur. G.-lights, lumina, quae dant spiritus naturales per tubos circumfusi (aft. Sen. Ep. 90, 25). G.-pipe, tubus, per quem cir- cumfunduntur spiritus naturales (aft. Sen. ib.). GASH, v. secare, &c. See To Cut. GASH, s. vulnus (g. t. wound). — cicatrix (scar, mark of a g.). — hiulcum vulnus (i Sid. Ep. 6, 7). — hiatus (a gaping open). — stigma, atis (by a razor, Mart.). GASP, v. anhelare. anhelitum movere (C.) or ducere (Plaut.). anhelantem spiritum ex imis pulmonibus ducere (Auct. ad Her. 4, 33). — aegre ducere spiritum. spiritus difficilius redditur (to breathe with difficulty), GASP, s. See Gasping. Aby's last g., extremus spiritus. extremus exspirantis hiatus (Q. 6, 3, 31). To the last g., usque ad extremum spiritum ; with his last g., extremo spiri tu. To be at the last g., efflare or edere animam ( C. gSgr effl. extremum halitum, C. poet. Tusc. 2, 9,22); agere animam; edere extremum vitae spiritum, or vitam (both C). See ' give up the Ghost.' GASPING, anhelatio. anhelitus. — spirandi or spiritus difficultas. meatus animae gravior. spiritus gravis, gravitas spiritus. angustiae spiritus. spiritus angustior (difficulty of breathing). GATE, porta (g. of a city, camp, fyc, whether with ref. to the opening, or to the wooden frame or leaves). — fores portae (the wooden g.'s, i. e. leaves). — janua. fores (the large door of a house [janua = fores in limini- bus profanarum aedium, C.N.D. 2,27]; jan. as entrance; for. as the wooden leaves that close it). — valvae (are the wooden leaves [fores] of stately build- ings, temples, fyc). To open the g., portam patefa- cere ; fores portae aperire ; portae fores recludere. To shut the g., fores portae objicere (to put it to); portam claudere (to fasten it to) : to break down a g., portam refringere ; claustra portae effringere : to cut through, hew down, fyc. a g., portas excidere (ggpT not exscin- dere) : to block up a g., portas obstruere (e. g. with turf, cespitibus) : to enter by the g., porta introire : to go out by a g., exire per portam: to go out of a g., pedem efferre porta : to stream out of the g., porta effundi or se effundere : before the g., ad portam (at it); extra portam (on the outside of it). GATEWAY, janus ( = transitio pervia, C; arched gateway, arch). See Gate. GATHER, s. (in a garment), *ruga consuta, or ruga only; or plicatura (fold). GATHER, v. Trans.) || Collect, vid. || To gather in harvests, fyc, carpere. decerpere (to pluck). — destringere ci qd (to strip off, tear off; e. g. leaves and berries). — detrahere ci qd (to take off; e. g. fruits). — percipere (to g. or collect for use ; e. g. the fruits of the earth, fruges; olives, fructum ex olea, Plin.). — sublegere (to g. up; e. g. baccam, quae in terram decidit, Col.). — demetere (propr. of corn, fru- mentum, segetes; poet, of flowers, pollice florem, V.). To g. the grapes, uvas legere ; detrahere uvas ex arbo- ribus. — vindemiam colligere (of the general gathering ; the vintage). — vindemiare (post- Aug.; also vind. uvas, Plin.); olives, legere oleas (Cat.), olivas (H.), oleam stringere (to tear it off, wch an old law forbad) : to g. apples (garden fruits), demere or detrahere poma arboribus; legere poma ex or ab arboribus. \\ To draw an inference, ex qa re colligere, conclu- dere : hence it may be gathered, ex quo effici cogique potest (athg may be established by argument). \\ To pucker (a dress), consuere in rugas (rugae, Plin. 35, 8, 34, &c). GATHER, Intrans.) \\ Assemble. See Assemble, intrans. II Fester, vid. GAT Gather up, colligere (g. t. also of talcing up for the purpose of shortening, coll. togam, Mart.). — sublegere (e. g. fallen fruits, fyc. Col. ; athg lying on the ground, H.). To g. up the stones fm a field, elapidare agrum : to g. (up) the hair into a knot, capillos (in nodum) colligere. See Collect. GATHERER, Crcl. \\ Tax-gatherer, vid. GATHERING, || Act of collecting, collectio (g. t. also of collection of peccant humours, fyc, Plin. / Sen. ; Scrib. Larg.). — perceptio (of fruits, frugum fructuumque). — exactio (of taxes, pecuniarum, &c). — || Assemblage, vid. || Abscess, see Abscess. GAUDERY, GAUDINESS, *cultus speciosior, quam pretiosior. *cultus nitor, qui non est citra reprehen- sionem (aft. Q. 8, 5, 34). *cultus, qui non tam corpus exornat, quam detegit mentem. *cultus ultra quam concessum est magnificus (both aft. Q. 8, Praf. 20). See Finery. GAUDILY, *cultu speciosiore quam pretiosiore.— ♦cultu ultra quam concessum est magnifico. See Gaudery. GAUDY, ^speciosior quam pretiosior (of dress). — ♦ultra quam concessum est magnificus. GAUGE, v. || To ascertain the contents of a vessel, tjc, metiri. emetiri.— permetiri (g. it. for to measure). — ad certam mensuram examinare (aft. ad certum pondus examinare, Cces. B. G. 5, 12, 4); or *ad publice probatae mensurae normam redigere (to compare it with the standard measure, and bring it to agreement with it). To g. a vessel, *explorare qd, quot sit amphorarum, congiorum, &c. GAUGER, *mensurarum ponderumque examinator (cf. examinator ssquus ponderum panis, Cassiod. Var. 6, 18, fin ).—with the ancients, aedilis (cf. Juv. 10, 101). GAUGING, *mensurarum exaniinatio. GAUGING-ROD, *virgula mensuralis (aft. men- suralis linea, Sicul. Fl. p. 19, ed. Goes.). GAUNT, macer. — praegrandi macie torridus (C. Agrar. 2, 34, extr).— strigosus (lean, sinewy; with no spare flesh). — *procerus et macer (tall and lean). GAUNTLET. See Gantlet. GAUZE, textum tenuissimum. GAWKY. See Awkward. GAY, || Cheerful, vid. |] Bright, 8?c. (of co- lours, dress, Src), clarus (bright, e. g. color). — lucidus. splendidus (e. g. luc. vestis, Plin. ; splen. vestis, Petr.). — nitidus (bright).— leetus (cheerful; nitida, laeta, opp. horrida, inculta; C. Or. 11). — varius (having seve- ral colours; hence, by inference, ' gay;' of dress, fyc). GAYETY, GAYLY. See Gaiety, Gaily. GAZE, v. To g. at or upon athg, spectare. aspec- tare. — contemplari, intueri, contueri qm or qd [Syn. in Contemplate]. Tog. steadily, t}c. at athg, obtu- tum figere in qa re (C. N. D. 2, 24, but in poetry); defixis oculis intueri qd; defigere oculos in qa. re (e. g. in vultu regis, Curt. ; in te, O. In C. it is only fig. in possessiones cs). oculos non movere or non dejicere a re. oculi habitant in re. — admirari (to g at with admiration). See Contemplate. |@3P" quam maxime intentis oculis contemplari is used by C. with a quod aiunt ; and impropr. totam causam cont., Flacc. 11. ' GAZE, s. obtutus, us. obtutus oculorum (e. g. cs obtutus oculorum in cogitando, C. de Or. 3, 5 ; obtu- tum figere qo, N. D. 2, 24, is in poetry).— conspectus (sight; mly with ref. to the presence of an object within aby's sphere of vision; to present itself to aby's g. t dare se in conspectum ci; to withdraw fm aby's g., fugere e conspectu cs). — aspectus (sight; e.g. to direct their g. to any object they please, aspectum quo vellent ... con- vertere). An eager and fixed g., aceret defixus aspectus (Auct. ad Her. 3, 15, 27). |g^~ Intuitus is post-Class., and only in the sense of ' respect.' In. abies hilarior intuitu, others read in totum, Plin. 16, 10,9. To fix one's g. on any object, oculos convertere ad qd. See To Gaze at. || Gaz ing-stock, vid. GAZEBO, solarium (any part of a house that is ex- posed to the sun; as balcony, terrace, 8fC.).— specula (as commanding a view, like a watch-tower). GAZEHOUND, vertagus (Mart.). GAZELLE, *antilope Dorcas (Linn.). GAZETTE, *diurna, qua? res novas per orbem ter- rarum gestas narrant. See Newspaper. GAZETTEER, *diurnorum scriptor. GAZING STOCK, spectaculum. To be the g.-s. of aby, spectaculo esse ci (C. Att. 10, 2, fin.). GEAR. See Dress, Harness, Tackle. GELATINE, *gelatina, quae dicitur (as t. t.). GELATINOUS, *juri gelato similis, or by adjj. in Viscous. GEN GELD. See To Castrate. GELDING, cantherius. — equus castratus. GELID, gelidus. See Cold. GELIDITY. See Coldness. GELLY. See Jelly. GEM, s. || Jewel (vid.), gemma. || In Botany, gemma (C, Col. fyc). To put forth its g.'s, gemmare. gemmascere. GEM, v. gemmare (to set with jewels ; in this sense only in pass, partcp.; mly in trans, gemmans scep- trum, &c; and impropr. 'gemmed with dew,' gem- mans rore recenti, Lucr.).— gemmis distinguere (e. g. a golden cup, C.).— distinguere (to relieve a surface with ornaments placed at intervals). GEMINATION. See Doubling, Repetition. GEMINOUS. See Double. GENDER, s. genus. GENDER, v. See Engender, Beget. GENEALOGICAL, propagtnum ordine descriptus or dispositus. G. tables, tabulae, in quibus families nobiles a stirpe ad hanc aetatem enarrantur, or propa- gines virorum nobilium ordine descriptae (both aft. Np. Att. 18, 2, sq.). G. trees, «rre/ijuaTa cognationum (Plin.). ; also stemmata, um (Suet , Juv., Mart. fyc). GENEALOGICALLY, propaginum ordine; ordine. GENEALOGIST, genealogus (g. t. C. N. D. 3, 17, 44). — *qui in nobilium familiarum propaginibus cog- noscendis elaborat ; qui nobilium familiarum originem sic persequitur, ut ex eo clarorum virorum propa- gines possimus cognoscere (one who has made a study of genealogy, aft. Np. Att. 18, 2).— qui familias nobiles a stirpe ad hanc aetatem enarrat or enarravit (one who is writing or has written a genealogy, aft. Np. I. c). GENEALOGY, || Of a particular family, ge- nea.]ogta (Messal.Corv. depropr.Aug.22). — or propagines (the branches or offshoots of a family; see Np. Att. 18, 2).— liber in quo familiae nobiles a stirpe ad hanc aetatem enarrantur (a writing on g., aft. Np. I.e.); ( |@§ir stemma [the tree] et prosapia [the kindred] do not belong here). To trace up the g. of families, fami- liarum originem sic subtexere, ut ex eo clarorum virorum propagines possimus cognoscere: to declare the g. of the Julian family, Juliam familiam a stirpe ad hanc aetatem ordine enarrare. || The science of g., genealogYa, or Crcl. doctrina, quae in familiarum origine subtextenda sic elaborat, ut ex ea nobilium virorum propagines possimus cognoscere (aft. Np. I. c). GENERAL, adj. generalis (relating to the whole). — communis (common; of or belonging to all). — vulgaris, tritus (in common use; usual every where). Jn. vulgaris communisque. — sts omnis (e. g., a g. laugh followed, omnium consecutus est risus; there is a g. agreement, omnes uno ore consentiunt). || In general, see Ge- nerally. GENERAL, s. dux. dux belli or exercitus.— praetor ( = prae-itor, a g. of people who were not Romans, esply of their land forces, arpcntwov ; esply in Np. ; see Interpp. ad Milt. 4; but imperator is also used of foreign g.'s). — imperator (a g. or commander-in-chief, esply a g. worthy of the name, a great g.; see C. Or. 1, 48, 210). A g. of cavalry, praefectus equitum (g. t.); magister equitum (in the Roman army) : to be a g. of cavalry, equitatui praeesse : a g. of infantry, copiarum pedes- trium dux: to beag. of infantry, copiis pedestribus, or simply copiis, praeesse : an army that is commanded by an able g., exercitus, cui praepositus est sapiens et callidus imperator: a good g., bonus ac fortis, or (egregie) fortis et bonus : the duties or labours of a g , labor impera- torius (C): in the sight or presence of the g., in con- spectu imperatoris: to be chosen g., ducern deligi ad bellum gerendum. GENERALISSIMO, imperator. dux summus^.H.). To make aby g., qm exercitui praeficere; qm toti bello imperioque praeficere ; summam belli ci deferre ; sum- mam imperii bellique administrandi ci permittere ; qm bello praeponere: to go any where as g., cum imperio qo proficisci. GENERALITY, commune, communitas (of the g. or universality of a notion ; cf. C. Top. 6, 29 ; opp. specific distinction or definition). The g. ( = most of), plurimi. pars major (the greater part of a whole). — plerique (very many, without respect to a whole). GENERALLY, || Mostly; plerumque (mostly).— fere (as a general rule; generally).— vulgo (commonly). (Do) not g., non fere or ferme (both C), in wch obs. that the non precedes the fere or ferme. \\ In gene- ral; taken generally, universe, summatim. gene- rating, generaliter (C. de Invent. 1, 26, 39). Jn. genera- tim atque universe (opp. singillatim or per species). GEN But Hg^ 0, these advv. are only used when they relate to an action ; if they relate to a subject or object, that is to be taken in its whole extent, we must use the adjj. summus or universus; e.g. to treat a subject g., de re universa agere : to write about the state g., de summa republica scribere).— omnino (' at large,' when a whole number is opposed to individuals; e. g. quid in Gallia negotii est Caesari, aut omnino populo Romano). — prorsus (' to speak g.' = ut paucis complectar, aft. several particulars have been mentioned; see S. Cat. 15, end).— ad summam. in summa {the former, when, aft. stating several particular reasons, one ends with the principal one of all; the latter, when no particular rea- sons are stated, but only the principal one of all). ' Ge- nerally,' or ' in general,' are also sts used when a general assertion is followed by the mention of a particular case, to wch the assertion applies with the greatest force ; hence it is expressed by quum, the particular case being introduced by turn : / am an admirer of my country- men's good qualities g., and esply of the energy with wch they study, quum nostrorum hominum virtutes soleo admirarij turn maxime in studiis. GENERALSHIP, indoles imperatoriaa virtutis {ta- lents for a great general ; Justin. 2, 8, 15). imperatoria virtus, virtus imperatoris {also in pi. imperatoriae virtutes, all the excellences wch form a good general). GENERATION, hominum genus. — aetas hominum. aetas (g. t.). — saeculum {the age of a g. of men, by many fixed at 30 ... 33 years; by the Etrurian and Roman custom, at 100 years). gggT aevum, a natural term of life, is rather poetic. — The present g., hujus aetatis homines ; qui nunc vivunt : sts hi only {e. g. horum luxuria, opp. antiquorum diligentia, Varr. R.R. 1, 13, 6) : to the present g., usque ad hanc aetatem : to be living in the third g., tertiam aetatem vivere : two good orators have scarcely existed in each g., \ix singulis aetatibus bini oratores laudabiles constitere. GENERIC, generalis (C; belonging to the whole genus; opp. specialis, or quod ad singulas partes cs rei pertinet, specific). GENEROSITY; || In sentiments, spirit, fyc, animus ingenuus. mens liberalis. ingenium liberale. generosus spiritus. ingenuitas. liberalitas. || Libe- rality in giving, liberalitas {gives as much as a liberal-minded man thinks suitable to his own rank or the receiver's merits, without nice mercantile calcula- tion). — benignitas {gives largely fm kindness of temper, that does not wish to enjoy athg to the exclusion of others). — munificentia {gives rather too much than loo little, fm the pleasure of making people happy and causing an agreeable surprise; DM.). — beneficentia {habit of doing good, esply by giving generously). — lar- gitas {with ref. to the large amount given ; hence also of a particular gift, largitas tui muneris, C). Jn. libe- ralitas ac benignitas. Too great g., nimia largitas; effusio {towards aby, in qm ; also in pi. C. Off. 2, 16, 56). Splendid g.. magnificentia liberalitatis (C). G. towards aby, lifeeralitas in qm. @gjjjfT largitio is the spurious g. of the largltor, who gives fm the selfish motive of pur- chasing honours, fyc. GENEROUS, j| Bountiful, fyc, largus. liberalis {the former of interested, the latter of disin- terested high-principled liberality [opp. prodigus] ; cf. C. Off. 2, 16, 55). — beneficus. benignus (benig., prop, with ref. to kind feeling, but of ten — bountiful ; cf. C. Deiot. 9, 26). — munificus {often making presents without expecting any return). Jn. beneficus libera- lisque. liberaiis et beneficus. liberalis munificusque. munificus et liberalis. largus, beneficus, liberalis. — pecuniae liberalis (S. Cat. 7). — generosus. liberalis {of persons, and their mode of thinking). — generosi spiritus (of noble sentiments, fyc.) — ingenuus {only of sentiments). Cf. Syn. in Generosity. « GENEROUSLY, generose {in a noble, spirited manner). — animo magno {with a high soul, courage, fyc).— large, liberaliter. Jn. large liberaliterque. be- nigne. munifice. Jk. munifice et large (liberally; munificently). Syn. in Generous. GENET, asturco (Asturian horse, of beautiful ac- tion). GENIAL, genialis (propr. relating to birth or mar- riage; then impropr. of persons or things that exhibit or resemble the hospitality and festivity of marriage feasts, festum, dies, &c, but mly in poets). — laetus. voluptatis or jucunditatis plenus (joyful). — suavis (sweet, de- lightful). GENIALLY, genialiler (e. g. agere festum, 0. Met. 11, 95). — laete. jucunde. cum voluptate. — hilare or hilariter. animo laeto or hilari. GENICULATED, geniculatus (e.g. culmus, C). (399) GEN ! GENITALS, membra genitalia, or genitalia only. GENITIVE, genitivus casus, or genitivus onlv GENIUS (demon), genius (a tutelary spirit ; |t*gr never fig. for the spirit; e. g. of a language, of a time, where we ought to say proprietas sermonis, ingenium saeculi, &c.).— daemonium. divinum illud (deity, spirit, g. t.). GENIUS (talents), ingenium (both of the mental talents, and of the person who possesses them). — maxima indoles et admirabilis (Q. ; of the mental powers). — vir magni or elati ingenii. vir ingenio praestans. magno ingenio praeditus (of the person): an extraordinary and almost superhuman g., vir singulari et paene divino ingenio: to be no great g., non maximi esse ingenii. A g. for athg, admirabilis ad qd (e. g. ad dicendum) natura. His youthful productions bear marks of great g., puerilia cs opera et maximam indolem ostendunt et admirabilem (Q. 10, 1, 90). GENS D'ARMES, stipatores corporis (as body- guard). — *equites rei publicae custodes (as police). GENTEEL, liberalis. ingenuus (suiting the condition of one who is free-born ; mly with ref. to the mind and sentiments). — honestus (enjoying honour, respect ; e.g. of persons, families). f^iT generosus is too strong, implying noble birth and breeding; sts urbanus. comis. elegans. GENTEELLY, ingenue, liberaliter (e. g. to be edu- cated, to live, fyc). — honeste (e.g. vestiri, with ref. to propriety, elegance, suitableness to our rank, fyc; Varr. L. L. 8, 16, 111, § 31). Sts urbane, belle, &c. GENTEELNESS. See Gentility. GENTILE, gentilis (Eccl). See Heathen. GENTILISM. See Heathenism. GENTILITY, ingenuitas (the state of a free-born, mly well-born man; cf. L. 8, 28, 4). — venustas. ele- gantia morum. dulcedo morum et suavitas (refined manners, fyc). — urbanitas (politeness). f§§|r gentilitas = clanship, fyc GENTLE, || Of goo d birth, ingenuus. liberalis. — honesto loco natus. — generosus (is stronger ; of high, noble birth). \\ Mild, meek, mitis (mild; opp. acer- bus, durus ; e. g. in qm, towards aby, of character, affections, fyc. ; also poet., of breezes). — lenis (gentle; opp. vehemens, asper, of persons, character, words ; also of winds, C. ; and sleep, H. ; towards aby, in qm). Jn. lenis et facilis (of a person's character). — mollis (soft; of breezes, words, fyc). — placidus (calm; opp. turbidus, of persons, of sleep t, fyc). Jn. placidus mollisque (of a person ; e. g. reddere qm) ; placidus quietusque. — placatus (towards aby, in qm, esply after differences have existed between them; opp. infestus). — Jn. quietus et placatus, mitis et placatus.— levis (light ; of touch, tactus, O.). — mansuetus (propr. tame, of animals; then gentle, fyc. of persons). Jn. lenis (or mitis) et mansuetus. The g. Muses, Musae mansuetae : a g. sleep, lenis or placidus somnus. To make aby as g. as a lamb, qm tarn placidum, quam ovem, reddere (C. Ccecin. 10): a g. reproof, castigatio clemens : to administer a g. reproof to aby, molli brachio objurgare qm (so as to spare him a more severe one, C. Att. 2, 1). || Gentle (of ascent, fyc), leniter editus ; molliter assurgens; leniter or placide acclivis. See Gradual. GENTLEMAN, || With ref. to birth, inge- nuus.— honesto loco natus (of good birth). To be brought up as a g., ingenue educari. A simple g., nihil ultra quam ingenuus (L. 8, 10). A g. by birth, honestis parentibus or honesto loco natus. || With ref. to breeding and sen ti me nt, homo ingenuus et liberaliter educatus. — eaucatus ingenue. — vir huma- nitatepolitus. %£§* The word being used vaguely, accord- ing to the speaker's view of the gentlemanly character, must be translated with ref. to the particular quality implied; vir liberalis. bonus, fortis, magno animo prae- ditus (all C. Rep. 1,5, of persons), probus, &c. (Aby is) no g., homo politioris humanitatis expers. A g. ought to fyc, est hominis ingenui, liberaliter educati, with inf. fyc. (C.) The education of a g., liberales disciplines (Q. 12, 7, 8). A young g., puer (adolescens, &c.) ingenuus, or honesto loco natus: to play the fine g., valde jam lautum esse : you are a fine g. forsooth, not to condescend to write to me, valde jam lautus es, qui gravere literas ad me dare [C. Fam. 7, 14, 1). GENTLEMANLIKE, GENTLEMANLY, ingenuus. liberalis (becoming a free-born man, as opp. a slave). — honestus et liberalis (opp. turpis et illiberalis). — hominis ingenui et liberaliter educati (becoming one who is both by birth and breeding a gentleman). — dignus homine nobili (C. ; becoming one of noble birth). — modestus ac verecundus (modest and respectful). — elegans (showing GEN taste, #c, opp. illiberalis, inelegans). — urbanus {polite). G. pursuits, ingenua studia atque artes : g. professions, quaestus liberales (opp. quaest. sordidi, C. Off 1,41). In a g. manner, ingenue. GENTLENESS, lenitas {opp. asperitas). G. of tem- per, lenitas animi ; fm context, lenitas only : g. of cha- racter, ingenium lene or mite; of manners, mores placidi. mansuetudo morum. GENTLEWOMAN, ingenua (opp. libertina). GENTLY, lente. tranquiile. quiete. sedate, sedato animo. placide (e. g. ire, progredi, forem aperire). sedate placideque. placide et sedate (e. g. loqui, ferre dolorem). patienter. aequo animo. modice [with due equanimity). — leniter. placide leniterque (gently, slowly, slowly and gently ; e. g. procedere). — paullatim. pede- tentim (gradually). Gently! moderatius, oro (curre, rem age! &c, see 0. Met. 1, 510). To open the door g., suspensa manu blande flectere cardinem (Q. Bed. 1, 13 ; see also placide above). Syn. in Gentle. GENTRY. The g., omnes ingenni (all the free-born and respectable). — honesto loco orti or nati. All the g., fm the highest to the lowest, omnis ingenuorum mul- titudo etiam tenuissimorum (C. Cat. 4, 7, 16). GENUFLEXION, *genuum flexura, or Crcl. genua curvata (cf. Ammian. 17, 10,3). GENUINE, verus (true; also of writings, tot enim sunt ver i Bruti libri, C. Or. 2, 55, 224).— probus (e. g. argentum probum, L.). — germanus. verus et ger- manus (e.g. verum et germanum Metellum, C; haec germana est ironia, C.). — bonus (good; boni numi, C). — sincerus (unadulterated; of wine, fyc). — merus (unmixed; of fluids). — putus (of metals; pure; purus et putus is mly ante-Class., Plaut. fyc). |@§f° genuinus is ' home-born' = domesticus, in C. Rep. 2, 15; but was applied to writings by Gell. : a g. edition, ♦sincera editio : g virtue, vera virtus : a g. Stoic, verus et sincerus Stoicus. For ' think not to beg.', fyc, see 'doubt if* Genuineness.' GENUINELY", sincere.— probe [Syn. in Genuine]. GENUINENESS, incorrupta integritas (unadul- terated nature). — auctoritas. fides (credibility). Also Crcl., as : many doubt the g. of this book, multi dubi- tant, hunc librum ab eo, ad qm refertur, conscriptum esse: the g. of a law is disputed, *sunt qui censeant, legem esse adulterlnam. A play, the g. of wch is doubted by some, comcedia, quam Plauti esse quidam non putant (of course, with gen. of the author to whom it is commonly attributed). GENUS, genus (opp. species). The highest g. (in- cluding other ' genera ' as species of itself), summum genus, generum caput. GEOGNOSY, *geognosia. GEOGRAPHER, geographus (analogous to choro- graphus; Vitr. 10, 2, 5, Schneid.). GEOGRAPHICAL, geographicus ( yeuypcuptno?, late). GEOGRAPHY, geographta (yea>ypa(pla) ; or, pure Lat., terrarum or regionum descriptio. GEOMETER, geomgtres (yea/xerprti). GEOMETRICAL, geometricus (yecaperpiKos). GEOMETRICALLY, geometrice (Vitr. for wch C. uses •yeo/oieTpi/cwf, Att. 12, 5). GEOMETRICIAN. See Geometer. GEOMETRY, geometrta. geometrice. geometrica, orum (g. t.). — ratio linearis (as a theory ; Q. 1, 10, 36). To know or understand g., geometricen novisse ; geometria or geometrice eruditum esse: to learn g., geometrica discere. GEORGICS, Georgica (pi. Gell.), or georgica car- mina. In the first Georgic, in primo Georgicon (Greek gen. pi., Gell. 13, 20, 4). GERANIUM, gevanion (yepavtov, Plin.) ; *geranium (Linn). GERFALCON, *hierofalco (Cuv.). GERM, || Propr.) germen.— aspar&gus (the aspara- gus-like g. of several plants ; cf. Plin. 23, 1, 17; 21, 15, 54).— cyma (young, tender g., esply of the cabbage tribe). To destroy the g. of a plant, fetum reprimere (cf. C. Brut. 4, 16. Meyer). \\ Impropr.) semen (the seed; e. g. malorum, discordiarum). — igniculus, esply in pi. igniculi (the first sparks; e.g. virtutum). — initium (g. t. for beginning of athg). g^° germen, in this sense, is without good ancient authority, except poet. ; Lucr. 4, 1079. — To destroy or crush the first g. of athg, qd primo tempore opprimere et exstinguere : things apparently unimportant often contain the g. of great events, ex rebus primo aspectu levibus mag- narum saepe rerum motus oriuntur. GERMAN. || Cousins g. See 'first Cousins.' || Related (obsol.), vid. (400) GET GERMANDER, *teucrium (Linn.). Wall g., *teu- crium chamaedrys (Linn.). G. Speedwell, *veronica chamaedrys (Linn.). GERMANISM, *Germanae linguae proprietas. GERMINATE, germinare.— pullulare. When they first begin to g. ; as soon as they begin to g., statim in germinatione (Plin.). GERMINATION, germinatio (Col.; Plin.).— ger- minatus, us (Plin.). GERUND, gerundium (Biom. Prise). — gerundivus modus (Serv. p. 788, P.). GESTICULATE, gestum facere or agere. gestu uti. gestum componere (of scientific, artistical gesticulation, esply of th e ' ac tion,' in a wide sense, of players and, orators). Hgg^gesticulari, post-Aug., Suet. To g. at every word, gestu verba exprimere. GESTICULATION, gestus. !^^ gesticulatio, Suet. Let all excess of g. be avoided, omnis non viro dignus ornatus ... in gestu (motuque) caveatur (aft. C. Off. 1, 36, 130). To make a g. in sign of assent, gratificari ci gestu (C. Balb. 6, 14). GESTURE, gestus (with ref. to position; holding of the body, or of single parts of it ; distinguished fm motus, the motion of the whole body ; hence together, gestus mo- tusque ; motus gestusque : gestus is esply proper to actors ; motus, to combatants, wrestlers, orators). To make g.'s, gestum agere, facere. gestu uti. gestum componere (after the rules of art) : all kinds of ar- tistical pantomimic g.'s which aby makes at athg, gesticulatio : to make such g.'s, gesticuiari : one that makes such g.'s, gesticulator ( J&>££" all three, post- Aug.) : to be unskilful in making g.'s, gestum nescire : to make wrong g.'s, peccare in gestu : to make a g. at every word, gestu verba exprimere. GET, v. Trans.) || To obtain (whether perma- nently or for a time), accipere (g. t. to receive). — ferre. auferre (to carry off as the produce of one's exertions, fyc, athg good or bad). — nancisci (by chance, opportunity, or any other cause, without our own co-operation).— obtingit mihi qd (athg falls to my lot; similar to nancisci). — impetrare (to obtain by asking). — adipisci (to achieve by exertion). — assSqui (to obtain an object for wch aby has striven). — consequi (to obtain an object one has desired ; with or without assistance ; a more general term than assequi). — acquirere (to acquire or win what one has sought with great exertion). — obtinere (to obtain and keep possession of athg agst great opposition). — sortiri. sorte nancisci. sortem cs rei nancisci (to get or obtain by lot). — potiri qa re or (rare) qd (to get into aby's power). — compotem fieri cs rei (to obtain posses- sion of; e.g. one's wish). — incidere in qd. corripi, tentari qa re (to fall into, esply into diseases). — augeri qa re (to be blessed with athg, as with riches, children). — qua?rere (obtain by seeking; e. g. victum, gloriam, gratiam ad populum). — parare. comparare (provide; procure by one's own means ; also = to get athg ready [see below], parare convivium, quae opus sunt ad nuptias, bellum, &c. ; comp. convivium, arma, bellum, exercitus, &c.) — colligere (to gather, as it were, good- will, favour, 8rc). — pargre sibi qd (to beget, as it were; to receive as the fruit of some exertion or step ; e. g. laudem). To have got [on this idiom, see note at the end of the article], habere: not to get, non accipere (g. t., it has not been given to me) ; defraudari qa re (to be cheated out of a thing) ; res abiit a me (at an auction; it was knocked down to somebody else): to get children, see Beget : to have got the left shoe on the right foot, calceus sinister pro dextero inductus est (Suet. Aug. 92) : to get the day, see ' to Gain the vic- tory:' get you gone.' abi! apage te! amove te hinc! g. out of my sight .' abscede procul e conspectu meo ! To get by heart, jee Heart. — to get a name fm any circumstance, cognomen tjahere ex re : to get courage, accedit mihi animus : to get booty, praedam nancisci : to get a rich booty, opima prasda potiri : to get aby's permis- sion to do athg, a qo impetrare, ut liceat mihi qd facere (C): to get money, pecuniam sibi facere; great wealth and great reputation, magnas opes magnumque nomen sibi facere ; great influence, magnam auctoritatem sibi constituere ; ill-gotten wealth, male partum or -a, see ill-gotten Gains. Togeta cold, fever, headache, 8fc, see the substt. To get athg fm aby, impetrare, exorare qd a qo (by entreaties); exprimere, extorquere ci qd (by force); expugnare qd a qo (by a violent struggle). — elicere (by persuasive means). Not to be able to get a word fm or out of aby, ex qo verbum elicere non posse : to get one's living by athg, victum quaeritare qa re : to get a scanty living, vitam tolerare, paupertatem sustentare or famem propulsare qa re or qd faciendo : you may always get fresh-baked bread here, semper hie GET recentis panis est copia : what good should I get by telling you a lie ? quid mihi sitboni, si mentiar (Com.) 1 easily got, parabilis : this may be got for asking, or with- out the slightest trouble, haec virgula divina, ut aiunt, suppeditantur (C. Off. 1, 44, 158, proverbially): to get an ansiver, responsum ferre or au'erre; to my letter fm aby, meis literis respondetur or rescribitur a qo : to get a situation, office, munus ci mandatur, defertur; mu- neri prseficior : to get athg out of one's head, memo- riam cs reiexanimo ejicere {purposely). When he saw he could get nothing out of him by threatening to go to law, posteaquam vidit nihil se a qo posse iitium terrore abradere (C): to get (a secret, fyc.) out of aby, ex qo percunctando atque interrogando or sciscitando elicere. — expiscari (to fish out), qd ci or ex qo. — || Gain, via. || To get aby to do athg, im- petrare (a qo), ut faciat qd (e. g., having got them to stay, impetrato [abl. partcp.] ut manerent, L.). See To Induce. || To get athg done, qd faciendum curare, qd ci curandum tradere (to give it another per- son to manage, fyc); but, as in English, a person is often said ' to do' what he really 'gets done' for him by an- other ; e. g. wishing to get a ring made, quum vellet an- nulum sibi facere (C. Verr. 4, 25, 66) : to get athg carried to the army by ships, qd exercitui navibus suppcrtare (Cess. B. C. 3, 44). || To have got to do, fyc. ( = to have that task, fyc), by partcp. in dus : I have got many letters to write, multae mihi epistolae scribendae sunt. — g^~ x To have got' [ — to have] a book, fyc, is objected to by Webster and other writers as a vul- garism ; but it is not only thoroughly idiomatical, but may be easily justified. ' To get' being ' to acquire' (receive, obtain, fyc); 'to have got' = ' to have acquired' (received, obtained), and so ' to have,' ' to possess;' and it so happens that the sister word has the same peculiarity in Greek, Kr-do/xai, ' I get' [where the radicals kt correspond to gt, the smooth mute n having passed, according to Grimm's law, into the middle mute g]j KeKm/J-ai, ' I have got' = 'I have' or 'possess.' Webster also objects to 'I could not get him to do this' [Addison], and ' I could not get the work done,' as not elegant. It is to be hoped that the time for sacrificing our old idioms to modern and sickly notions of elegance is pretty nearly gone by. — For other combinations, e. g. to get aby's Consent, &c, see the substt. GET, Intrans.) See To Become; and To Grow = become. GET, with adverbs, adjectives, fyc. — A, Trans.) || To get athg or aby away, see ' to Get athg fm aby.' — |j To get down, see ' to Reach down.' — || To get in : a) To get in crops, percipere fruges or fructus. — condere, or condere et reponere (to store them in the barn). /3) To gel in debts, fyc, exigere (e.g. pecunias). 7) To get in a store, fyc ; e.g., athg for the winter, in hiemem providere qd; a largesupply of corn, frumenti vim maximam comparare. — 1| To get athg off : a) To get shoes, fyc. off, see ' to Pull off.' /3) To get a ship off the shoals, fyc, navem detrudere (e. g. scopulo, V.). 7) To get aby's goods, fyc. off, ven- dere. — 1| To get athg on, inducere (to pull or draw on, e.g. a shoe, calceum sibi ind.). — induere (e.g. a coat, fyc, sibi vestem or se veste). A shoe that aby can hardly get on, calceus minor pede or pedem urens (both H. Ep. 1, 10,42) : a coat, fyc. that one can hardly get on, *vestis nimis stricta or astricta. — 1| To get out: a) To get athg fm aby; see above, near the end of To Get, Trans.). /3) To draw out, to disengage, vid. — I! To get over : a) Propr.) a wall, fyc. ; see To Climb, To Cross. /3) Impropr.), see To Sur- mount, Con9,uer; and for that ' wch cannot be got over,' see Insurmountable. 7) To get over a sickness, ex morbo convalescere. morbum depellere. — 1| To get Ready, parare. comparare (see these words above) : every thing is got ready, omnia sunt [ad qd] apta et parata : to get oneself ready, comparare se (C. Mil. 10, 28); for athg, ad qd or ad rem faciendam (e. g. ad iter, ad respondendum) : to order breakfast to be got ready at his house, prandium apud se accurari jubere : to get a vessel ready for sea; see Ready. — || To get together; see To Collect, Amass, Assemble. — || To get up : a) To prepare a play, edere fabulam (of the person at whose expense it is exhibited; seld. dare ; fab. docere, is of the author making the actors practise it, fyc; who, with ref. to this kind of ' getting up' — 'learning it,' discunt fabulam; see Krebs). — apparare (e. g. ludos, of preparing all that is necessary to their exhibition). — comparare (e. g. convivium). — splendidly got up, magnifice splendideque ornatus. ruagnifice et ornate comparatus (both e. a. convivium). (401) GET /3) To raise (a building), erigere. excitare, frc. To have nearly got a house up, paene ad fastigium per- venisse : to get up hastily some temporary building, subitarium aedificium exstruere (T.). 7) To pull up or aloft, tollere. attollere. — levare. sublevare (to help up). 6) To make aby rise, excitare qm (to call him, fyc); *efficere, ut e lecto surgat qs (to succeed in making him get out of bed). Intrans.) || To get abroad {of reports, fyc), exire in turbam or in vulgus. emanare (in vulgus). Jn. exire atque in vulgus emanare. efferri (foras or in vulgus). effluere et ad aures bominum permanare: to let athg get abroad, see To Report, To Publish : to prevent athg fm getting abroad, cs rei famam compri- mere or supprimere. — 1| To get ahead, see To Ad- vance, To Prosper : to get ahead of, see To Out- strip. — 1| To get along, see To Proceed, To Ad- vance. — 1| To get amongst, incidere in qos or inter catervas (L.; to fall amongst persons'). — 1| To get at, see To Reach. — 1| To get away, see To Escape (fm). — 1| To get back, repetere retro viam (L.), see To Return. — 1| To get before, prsevenire (qm or qd; by taking a shorter road, breviore via, L.). — ante- venire (e. g. exercitum Metelli). — praecurrere qm (to outstrip Mm).— post se relinquere (to leave behind). The report gets before my letter, fama meam epis- tolam celeritate superat : he cannot get before him without great carelessness on his part, ut eum prae- currat, sine magna negligentia fieri non potest (Qm. C. ; impropr.). If aby has got before you, si qs ante te fuerit (Sen. Ep. 104, of an ambitious man). — 1| To get behind: a) To fall in the rear, a qo superari. (procul) a qo relinqui. (3) To place oneself behind, for the purpose of hiding, post qd latere (V.). — 1| To get the better of; see To Conquer, Surmount. — 1| To get between, medium se inferre. inter medios (e. g. hostes) irrumpere. — insinuare se (e. g. inter turmas, to wind oneself in, as it were). — 1| To get clear; see 'to get or become Free (fm),' to Disengage oneself.— \\ To get down, see To Descend. — 1| To get forward, see To Advance, To Proceed. — || To get from, see To Escape fm. — || To get in : a) Propr.) insinuare se in qm locum; or by the verbs under To Enter. You must get out by the same way that you got in, e&dem, qua te insinuasti (insinuaveris, &c.) retro via repetenda (L. 9, 2, 8). (3) Impropr.) Evils, fyc. get in, mala se insinuant. 7) To get in with aby, insinuare se in familiaritatem or consuetudinem cs. gratiam cs parere. in cs consuetudinem se immer- gere (qa re ; e. g. blanditiis et assentationibus). || To get into: a) Propr.) locus capit qd (it can get into it). — immergi in qd (of what one sinks into; e.g. in palu- dem). — devenire (into something bad or wrong; e.g. in cs potestatem or manus ; in alienas manus). — incidere in qd (to fall into, esply agst aby's will). — incurrere in qd (to run into, esply fm aby's own fault). — decfdere in qd (to sink into a bad state; e. g. to get into pecuniary difficulties, in angustias rei fami- liaris). — adduci in qd (to be brought into danger, diffi- culty, fyc). — (in) qm locum intrare (fyc. to enter). — in qm locum se insinuare (to wind oneself in, by making one's way through obstacles, fyc). To get into port, portum capere. in portum venire, pervenire. in portum ex alto recipi. in portum penetrare (C): to get into one's carriage, inscendere in currum (Plant.) ; ascen- dere currum (Lucr., Suet.) ; conscendere currum (Lucr., 0., Prop.). To get into a house, in domum or domicilium immigrare. /3) To gel into favour with aby, see ' to get in with aby.' — || To get near, see To Approach. — || To get off : a) Fm a horse, fyc, see To Dismount, To Alight. /3) To get clear fm, see To Escape, To Disentangle oneself. 7) To escape fm the consequences of a fault, fyc, de- fungi (e. g. with a slight punishment, levi poena ; by a lie, mendacio). — elabi ex judicio (to escape punishment in a court of justice; of an accused person): to get off without any punishment, peccata impune dilabuntur (Auct. ad Her. 2, 25, 39): / have got off belter than I expected, pulchre discedo et probe et praeter spem ( Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 58). [See to Come off, /3.]— 1| To get on : a) To climb, to mount, vid. ft) To advance, pros- per, make progress, vid. 7) To get on (well) with aby, commode versari cum qo. ferre qm : a person with whom we can get on well, homo facilis, conimodus, tractabilis (opp. difficilis, difficilis et morosus, intracta- bilis)— 1| To get out: a) Propr.) Of a place, exire. egredi, &c. You must get out by the way you got in, see 'get in.' To get out of one's carriage, ex or de rheda descendere. /3) To get out of a scrape, fyc, see To Extricate oneself fm. 7) To get out of one's 2D GHA depth, see Depth.— || Get quit cr rid of: a) A per- «o»re, see Rid, adj. 6) of a thing; see To Disengage, To Disentangle, To Extricate oneself. — || Get through: a) Propr.) penetrare per qm locum; or (to a place), ad qm locum, in qm locum usque. /3) To finish a task, see Finish, -y) To get to the end of a sum of money, a fortune, fyc, see To Spend. — 1| Get to, see To Reach. — 1| To get together, see To As- semble or Collect, Intrans.)— || Get up: a) To rise (including the rising in price), vid. /3) See To Climb, To Mount. — || Get upon: a) see ' get on.' 3) To get upon one's feet, se erigere (e. g. of a little child trying to raise itself fm the ground), y) To get upon a subject, in sermonem inefdere. || Get the upper hand ; see Conquer, Prevail against. GHASTLINESS, exsanguis funereusque color. — color perpallidus. GHASTLY, cadaverosus. luridus.— exsanguis (with- out any blood in the face; pale fm fear, rage, fyc). — cadaverosa facie (of a g. pale complexion). — sine colore (either always or at the moment, fm fear, $c; e.g. sine colore constitit). Aby is g. pale, pallor qm facit horrendum aspectu (t H. Sat. 1, 8, 26). || Shocking to behold, fcedus (e. g. vulnus, cicatrix, both t). See Terrible. GHOST, spectrum (denotes the apparition of a de- parted spirit, as a supernatural appearance). — mostel- lum (dim. fm monstrum, as a horrible apparition). — manes (as the apparition of a good spirit) — lemures (as that of a hobgoblin). Aby'sg. walks, non manes ejus conquiescunt viri (L. 21, 10; cf. L. 3, 58, extr.). To believe in g.'s, see to believe in. || To give up the g., animam agere, edere, efflare (C), emittere, deponere (Np.); extremum vitae spiritum edere (C). GHOSTLY. See Spiritual. GIANT, vir major quam pro humano habitu : to be a g., humanae magnitudinis propemodum excessisse formam. ^^° Not gigas ; but Gigantes, of the mytho- logical ' Giants.' GIANTESS, mulier, major quam pro humano ha- bitu. GIANT-LIKE. See Gigantic. GIBBER, v. *voce non explanabili et verborum inefficaci susurrare (cf. guotat. under Gibberish). GIBBERISH, voces quidem sed non explanabiles et perturbatae et verborum inefficaces (aft. Sen. de Ira 1, 3). — stridor, non vox (Plin ). GIBBET, s. See Gallows. GIBBET, v. The nearest Lat. expression is infelici arbori suspendere ; but as this does not imply continued exhibition after death, we must use some such phrase as *infelici arbori (or cruci) suspensum qm corvis dila- niandum relinquere (aft. cadaver ... canibus dilanian- dum relinquere, C. Mil. 13). You shall be hanged and gibbeted, pasces in cruce corvos (t H.). To be gibbeted, pascere in cruce corvos (H.). GIBBOSITY, gibbus (Juv.). gibber (Plin.; both = a protuberance). GIBBOUS, gibbus (Cels. 8, 1). gip° gibber and gibberosus appear to be used only of men, animals, <§-c; extrinsecus gibbus is used by Cels. of the scull. GIBE, v. See To Jeer, To Scoff. GIBE, s. See Jeer, Scoff. GIBER. See Jeerer, Scoffer. GIBLETS, *exta anseris. GIDDILY, Propr.) Crcl. with vertigine correptus. [| T houghtlessly, animo levi. temere. indiligenter. negligenter. — dissolute, animo dissoluto. Aby be- haves so g., tanta mobilitate se gerit. GIDDINESS, Propr.) Dizziness, vid. || Im- propr.) Thoughtlessness, animus levis. levitas. mobilitas (with or without animi, ingenii). Jn. mobi- litas et levitas animi. — animus dissolutus. — temeri- tas. — negligentia. indiligentia [Syn. in Giddy]. GIDDY, \\ Dizzy, vid. || Causing giddiness, as in ' a g. height;' see Dizzy. || Thoughtless, levis. levitate praeditus (wanting steadiness of character). — mobilis (changeable, opp. constans). — temerarius (rash). — indiligens. negligens (careless, opp. diligens). Aby is very g., est in qo magna levitas, temeritas, &c. GIFT, donum. munus (a present; see a Present; both also g. it. of that wch has been imparted to us by God, by nature, fortune, fyc, with or without quasi pre- fixed). — stips. beneficium (a g. to a poor man ; a tender, liberal g. ; = to beg for a g. fm any one, stipem emen- dicare ab qo ; Suet. Oct. 91). — dos (that wch is imparted to us by nature or by fortune ; esply in pi. dotes). — in- genium. facultas (natural parts or talents for athg ; opp. ars, acquired talent). G.'s of nature, naturae munera (i. e. natural parts or talents; to possess such, naturae (402) cm muneribus ornatum esse) : g.'s of nature and of fortune, naturae fortunaeque dotes ; bona, quae ci natura et for- tuna data sunt : natural g.'s, naturale quoddam bonum (see Np. Thras. 1,3): to possess distinguished g.'s of mind and heart, *ingenii animique dotibus excellere : to possess in an eminent degree all the g.'s of a statesman and general, omnibus belli ac togae dotibus eminentis- simum esse : to possess the g. of being able to make one- self beloved by every one, ars ad conciliandos animos ci est or inest (L. 28, 18, med.): to possess it abundantly, ingenium or ars ad promerendam omnium voluntatem ci superest (Suet. Tit. 1, in.): to possess dexterity in every thing as a natural g., ci inest ad omnia naturalis ingenii dexteritas (L. 28, 18, med.) : to possess the g. of eloquence, bene dicere. GIFTED (with athg), praeditus. instructus. Richly g. with athg, abunde auctus ornatusque qa re. See Endowed (under Endow). || Absol.) ingeniosus. — ingenio praestans. ingenio summo. elari ingenii.— prae- claris animi dotibus instructus. To be highly g., inge- nio valere, abundare ; longe plurimum ingenio valere ; beatissima ingenii ubertate esse. GIG, birbta, ae (sc. rheda ; Cod. Theod. 6, 29, 2, &c). — vehiculum birbtum (g. t. Non.)— cisium (wch was 'vehiculi birbti genus,' Non. 86, 30). To drive to town very fast in a gig, cisio celeriter ad urbem advShi (C). GIGANTIC, qui humanam magnitudinem excedit (see Curt. 8, 14, 13). — major quam pro humano habitu (see L. 8, 6) ; = colossal; vid. G. stature, magni- tudo eximia : a form of g. stature, forma, quae huma- nam magnitudinem excessit ; or major, quam pro hu- mano habitu : a g. work, moles : a g. building, zedificii moles. GIGGLE, v. sensim atque summissim ridere (Gell. 17, 8, § 7). See To Laugh. Prps »risum singultan- tium modo ejicere (aft. Q. 10, 7, 10 ; not furtim cachinnare, wch G. gives aft. Liter . 4, 1172; for the whole passage is famulae longe fugitant, furtimque cachinnant; so that they laughed loudly, but where they could do it secretly). GIGGLE, s. *risus furtim erumpens, et singultan- tium modo ejectus (sing. mod. ejectus; Q. 10, 7, 10). GILD, v. inaurare (g. t. for covering with gold ; also extrinsecus inaur. ; e. g. statuam ; also of garments, palla, vestis). — aurum illinere ci rei, or auro illinere qd (to wash with gold; e. g. marmori). — aurum in- ducere ci rei, or auro inducere qd (to plate with gold). Gilt, auratus ; inauratus ; extrinsecus inauratus (e. g. statua, C; opp. solida). GILDER, inaurator (late). GILDING, auratura (as thing; Q. 8, 6, 28, ed. Spald.); or Crcl. with verbs under Gild. GILL, || Measure = \ of a pint : the nearest Lat. measure is quartarius (= Jo/ a sextarius, or *2477 of a pint). \\A plant (the ground ivy), *glechoma hede- racea (Linn.). G1LLIFLOWER. Clove g., «dianthus caryophyllus (Linn.) : stock g., *cheiranthus (Linn.) : queen's g., nesperis (Plin., Linn.). GILLS, branchiae (= ra Spdyxta, P lin - 9 » 7 » 6 » &c.). GILTHEAD (a fi*h), many species of the sparus (Plin.) — *sparus aurata (Linn.). GIMLET, tergbra. GIN, || Snare, laqueus. tendicula (C, only fig.). pedlca (Syn. iw Trap). || The spirituous liquor, *vinum e junipero factum or junipero expressum (Plin. calls all such spirits fm dates, Src, vinum, 6, 26, 32, &c). GINGER, zingiberi (indecl. neut.).— zingiber or zin- giberis. — *amocum zingiber (Linn.). GINGERBREAD, «libum zingibere conditum, or libum (g. t.) or crustula, «rum. GINGERLY. See Nicely, Cautiously. GINGLE, v. and s. See Jingle. GINGLING. See Jingling. GIPSY, *Cingarus ; /. *Cingara. The g.-language, ♦Cingarorum lingua. GIRAFFE, camelopardalis (Kapn^oirdpSaXn). — *cervus camelopardalis (Linn.). GIRD, cingere (g. t. zona, gladio, &c). — incingere (mly poet, incingi zona, O.).— succingere (g. up). To g. oneself, cingi or succingi or accingi (e. g with a sword, gladio or ferro) : to g. oneself up (i. e. prepare) for athg, accingi ad qd: high-girt, alte cinctus (H. Sat. 2, 8, 10; for wch alticinctus, Phcedr. 2, 5, 11).— altius praecinctus (H. Sat. 2, 5, 6; Petron. 19, 4).— Gird on a sword, succingere qm gladio (another); gladio se cingere ; gladio accingi (oneself). GIR GIRDER (in building), trabs (principal beam). The g.'s, trabes perpetuae {running through the whole build- ing). GIRDLE, cingulum. zona (the former as a pure Latin word; the latter borrowed fm the Greek; zona includes also the finely-worked girdle of ladies). — cinc- tura (cincture, very rare ; Suet., Q. : to wear a rather loose g., cingi fluxiore cinctura, Suet.). GIRDLE, v. See To Gird. GIRDLER, s. zonarius (girdle-maker ; C). GIRL, puella. — virgo (as unmarried). A little g., puellula; virguncula ; parvula puella (Ter.): a grown-up g., puella adulta ; virgo : a g.s' school, *insti- tutum, quo puellae aluntur educanturque, or "schola puellarum. || M a id-servant, puella. — famula (serving-maid). — ancilla (house-maid). — cubicularia (In- script. ; chamber-maid). GIRLISH, puellaris. — virginalis. G. shame or mo- desty, verecundia virginalis : he has a g. look, puerili in ore est vultus virgineus (0. Met. 6, 631) : to grow g., puellascere (Varr.). GIRLISHLY, puellariter. GIRTH, s. cingulum. cingula (the former of the belt or girdle of a man, e. g. of a warrior ; the latter of the girth of a horse, as 0. Rem. 236 ; cf. Serv. V. JEn. 9, 360). — balteus (a sword-belt; reXap.dav). || Compass, circumference, vid. GIRTH, v. cingere. GIVE, dare (our 'to give' in the widest acceptation of the word ; hence, => to grant, impart, allow, permit, present, offer, yield fm itself, fyc. ; also as a mathematical t. t. : a given line, data linea, Q. 1, 10, 3). — reddere (to g. back, return ; i. e. both to g. up, e. g. a letter to aby, and to g. forth, e. g. a tone). — tradere (to g. up, g. over, g. into the hand). — offerre (to offer to give without demand). — porrigere (to stretch out, that the person receiving may take it). — praebere (to hold towards, to extend; both denote the incomplete ac- tion of giving). — tribuere (as the end of the action). — impertire (to cause to take part, to impart). — donare. dono dare (to present). — solvere, persolvere. pendere (to pay). — apponere (lo set on the table a dish, wine, fyc). — afferre (to bring in addition; e. g. ornatum ora- tioni). — efficere (to bring forth, yield ; e. g. ager efficit cum octavo ; then as a t. t. of arithmetic, our ' to make'). — esse, fieri (as an arithmetical t. t. ; see To 'Make, in arithmetic,' for examples of ef&ceie, esse, and fieri). How much have you given for it ? quanti rem emisti? how much do you g. for your board, your lodg- ing, your tuition? quanti coenas, habitas, doceris? to g. a daughter in marriage to aby, dare ci qam uxorem or nuptum or in matrimonium : to g. to another, tra- dere qam alii : to g. forth, edere, mittere, emittere (e. g. a sound, scent, <§-c.) ; reddere (to return a sound, of a string wch is touched) ; remittere (to suffer to pro- ceed fm itself ; e. g. a tone, of a string ; juice, fyc, of fruit when pressed). It is not given to man, homini non datum, non concessum est : a thing that is not ours to g., *res, quae non est nostri arbitrii : g. me leave to, 8fc, da mihi followed by an ace. with infin. (or, aft. the Greek manner, with a dat. and infin. ; see Schmid. H. Ep. 1, 16, 61): to g. athg up for lost, desperare de re : to g. little for a thing (i. e. to value lightly), qd negligere, parum curare: to g. nothing for athg (i. e. to disregard it), qd contemnere, spernere, nihili putare: what would I g. ! quidnam darem ! to g. any' thing for it, qd quantivis facere, aestimare ; quovis pretio qd redimere velle: to g. oneself up ; see To Surrender : to g. up, manus dare (to admit oneself lo be con- quered, to yield; see Herz. Cces. B. G. 5, 31). — cedere (to give way) : to g. rise to ; see ' to be the source of To g. oneself to fyc, see To Devote : to g. medicine to a patient, adhibere medicinam aegroto. Miscellaneous Phrases. — To g. aby a blow, plagam ci imponere, infligere, injicere (not dare) : to g. aby permission, facere ci potestatem (not dare) : to g. a vote, suffragium ferre or inire ; sentence, an opinion, sententiam dicere or ferre : to g. a party, dinner-party, facere ccenam (not dare) : to g. aby a subject to work on, ponere or proponere (not dare) ci rem tractandam : to g. a person a letter (of the bearer), reddere ci epis- tolam or literas (seld. dare, wch is the act of the writer giving it to the tabellarius. Even C, however, once uses dedit, not reddidit, of the bearer ; Alt. 5, 4, 1): to g. a person to drink, dare ci bibere or potui : to g. laws, leges scribere, constituere, condere (but leges dare is Class.; e. g. leges damus liberis populis, C. Legg. 3, 2, 4) : a circumstance g.'s aby his name, qd facit nomen, cognomen ci(L.) : to g. rise to a suspicion, facere suspicionem: to g. pain to aby, facere dolorem (403) GLA ci : to g. battle to aby, prcelium committere cum qo : to g. aby no time lo breathe, qm respirare non sinere (impropr.) : to g. aby trouble, negotium ci facessere (C), facere (Q. 5, 12, 13): to g. signals by beacons, facere significationem ignibus (Cces.) : given (e. g. under my hand such a day or at such a place), datum or scriptum : given under my hand on the day of our march fmAstura, hasc scripsi proficiscens Astura (C). To g. in charge, ci qd custodiendum or servandum dare; deponere qd apud qm (as a deposit). f§^p° For phrases not found here, as Give Battle, Place, a Kiss, Thanks, &c, see the subst., adv., or adj., with wch 'give' is used. GIVE, Intrans.) To yield to pressure, solvi (to be loosened). — cedere (to yield). The sand ' g.'s under the feet,' sabulum vestigio cedit : not to g., resis- tere ci rei (e. g. corpori, of a hard-stuffed mattress). || To yield, ground (before an enemy), pedem re- ferre. || To become less or less intense, remit- tere. remitti (v.pr. of rain, fever, pain, fyc). — minuere (cf. Herz. Cces. B. G. 3, 12). — minui (to lessen). — defer- vescere (to cool; of heat, passion, fyc). — residgre (to settle; of stormy passion, Sfc). The frost is giving, glacies tepefacta mollitur. Give a hearing, aures ci dare or dedere ( g^* not audientiam ci praestare). See Audience. Give in (see yield), cedere. concedere (to yield). — manus dare (to confess oneself conquered). — ci morem gerere, ci obsequi (to yield to his will or humour). To g. in to aby' s prayers, cs precibus cedere, locum dare or locum relinquere, ci roganti obs&qui ; to aby's wishes, cs voluntati morem gerere, obsequi ; ci indulgere : not to g. in, in sententia sua, perstare or perseverare (of an opinion). Give in one's name, nomen dare: as a candidate for an office, nomen profited: to the prattor, apud prae- torem; also simply profited apud praetorem. Give out, a) Distribute, vid. ft) Emit sounds, fyc, see under Give. 7) To profess, to pretend, vid. Give over. To g. aby over, desperare qm or salutem cs or de salute cs : aby g.'s himself over, sibi ipse desperat: to g. over a patient, «desperare salutem asgri (salus aegri, C. N. D. 3, 38, 91 ; and desp. sal. O. Pont. 3, 7, 23): all the physicians g. him over, omnes medici diffidunt : given over by his physician, a medico relictus or desertus (Cels.). \\ Intrans.) See To Cease, Intrans.) Give up, a) To surrender, vid. /J) To re- sign, desist from, vid. To give up all hope, spera abjicere; about athg, desperare qd or de qa re; aby's cause, qm deserere ; causam cs deponere ; a causa cs recedere. 7) To lay down an office, abdicare munus or (more commonly) se munere ; abire (magis- trate or honore) ; abscedere munere (C. Earn. 9, 3) ; magistratum deponere. b) To give up the ghost, see Ghost, e) To g. oneself up to, see to Devote (one- self to). Give vent. See Vent. Give way. Se? To give in. To g. way to tears, lacrimis indulgere (0. Met. 9, 142). GIVER, auctor doni or muneris dgSgT donator and dator are not Class.). G. and receiver, dans et accipiens; tribuens et accipiens. GIZZARD, (avium) ventriculus. GLACIER, *moles nivium frigoribus conglaciata. GLACIS, *declivitas valli exterior. GLAD, laetus (v. pr. joyfully excited). — hilarus. hilaris (cheerful, gay, merry ; both of persons and their spirits ; fig. of things, as gestures, face, a day). — alacer (lively, ready for an undertaking). To beg., laetum, alacrem et laetum, hilarum esse : to be glad at athg, laetari qa re: to be very g., laetitia se efferre; gaudio perfusum esse; at athg, a re (see L. 30, 16, in.): to make or render g., hilarem facere qm (g. t.) ; qm or cs animum exhilarare, ad laetitiam excitare (of things). — / was far fm glad to see the handwriting of Alexis, Alexidis manum non amabam (C. Att. 7, 2, p. in). GLAD, GLADDEN, hilarare. exhilarare. hilarem facere (to cheer up).— laetificare. laetitia afficere. laetitia et voluptate afiicere. laetitiam ci afferre or offerre (to fill with joy). To g. aby with athg, oblectare qm qa re (to delight). GLADFULNESS, GLADNESS, laetitia.— hilaritas (cheerfulness). — animus laetus or hilaris (a glad, cheer- ful mind). — alacritas. animus alacer (esply the glad mind wch one shows in athg). To cause or excite g., hilaritatem excitare. GLADIATOR, gladiator. Of or belonging to a g., gladiatorius : to exhibit a show of g.'s, gladiatores dare 2D2 GLA {Ter., C), edere {Suet.) : a company of g.'s, gladiatoria familia (C, Cces.\: to have the strength and health of a g., gladiatoria esse totius corporis firmitate (C): the pay of a g., gladiatorium (sc praemium). auctoramen- tum. GLADIATORIAL, gladiatorius. GLADLY, cupide (prop, with desire, of internal im- pulse). — libenter. animo libenti. animo libenti procli- voque. nori invito animo (willingly). Jn. cupide et libenter.— animo prompto paratoque {readily). — haud gravate {without making any difficulties). — sine recu- satione. haud repugnanter (without refusing). — facile (easily, without difficulty). $&j/T Instead of adv. the Latins also frequently use an adj. agreeing with the person who does athg willingly ; as, volens, libens or lubens, non invitus. Or they use a Crcl. with velle {opp. nolle) or with non . . nolle ; as, teachers give cakes to children that they may g. learn their alphabet, doc- tores pueris dant crustula, ut prima elementa velint discere (H. Sat. 1, 1, 25): he g. obeyed, non parere noluit (Np. Alcib. 4, 3): not g., invito animo; gra- vate; or, nolens; invitus: very g., libentissime ; liben- tissimo animo : to obey g., libenti animo parere : a per- son g. believes what he wishes, libenter id homines, quod volunt, credunt : to suffer athg g., facile pati qd : / would g. see or hear, videndi or audiendi cupiditate flagro : g. would I see it, velim, vellem (with this dif- ference, that the present expresses rather internal urgency or necessity; the imperfect a conditionally, = if it were but possible). GLADSOME. See Glad. GLAIR. See ' the white of an egg.' GLANCE, s. || Sudden shoot of splendour, fulgur. To emit g.'s, coruscare (see Dod. Syn. 2, 81). || Darting of sight, aspectus. — (oculorum) obtutus : to exchange stolen g.'s, furtim inter se aspicere : to throw a rapid g. on any subject, qd leviter transire, ac tantummodo perstringere ; celeriter perstringere qd ; breviter perstringere qd atque attingere (C). qd quasi per transennam praeteriens strictim aspicio (C. de Or. 1, 35, 162). A single g., unus conspectus or aspectus : to place athg so that it may be taken in at a single g., qd in uno conspectu ponere ; qd sub unura aspectum subjicere: at the first g , primo aspectu; prima specie (according to its first appearance) ; uno aspectu et quasi praeteriens (impropr., e. g., to pass judgement on any object of art, fyc, at the first g.); ex prima statim fronte (e. g. dijudicare qd, Q., with ref. to the mere outside, as it were). GLANCE, v. || Shoot rays of light, fyc, corus- care.— micare (to g. rapidly). \\ Dart the eyes at. To g. at aby or athg, oculos in qd conjicere. oculos or os in qm conjicere. aspectum or oculos qo convertere. — oculis videre, lustrare, perlustrare, or obire qd. I! To touch superficially,stvingeTe. praestringere. The bullet struck his side and glanced off, *glans latus ejus strinxit : the lightning struck his couch and glanced off, lecticam ejus fulgur praestrinxit. || To take a hasty view (of a book, 8(c), see 'to take a hasty Glance,' ' to go through athg Cur- sorily.' || To glance at aby (= to allude to him indirectly, in the way of reproach), perstringere qm. — oblique perstringere qm (indirectly). — designare qm (oratione sua). — spectare or respicere qd. GLANCINGLY, strictim. GLAND, glandula (Cels. 4, 1 ; also 'swelled g.,' Cels. 2, 1, prop, fin.) G.'s swell, glandulae intumescunt (ib.) : full of g.'s, glandulosus. GLANDERS (a disease of horses), prps panus (see Lat. Did.). GLANDULAR, Crcl. G. swelling, glandulae {Cels. 2, 1, prop. fin.). GLANDULE, glandula. GLARE, v. || To shine overpoweringly with dazzling light, fulgere (to shine with a glaring fiery light, Dod. = " glorificare, Tertull. To be glorified, piorum sedem esse ac locum consecu- tum (or -os ; C). — in seterna gloria esse (C. ; in him impropr.). GLORIOUS, gloriosus (e. g. facta, mors, &c, and Suet, victoria: opp. invidiosus, detestabilis, &c. ; and also calamitosus). — illustris (e.g of actions). — magnift- cus (that exalts the performer or possessor, e.g. of deeds, but mly of what is externally splendid or sumptuous, fyc). Jn. illustris et gloriosus. magnificus gloriosus- que.— clarus. praeclarus (famous, $c). — egregius. ex- imius [Syn. in Famous]. G. actions, magnificae res gestae; facta illustria et gloriosa; facta splendida (t) : athg is g. for us, qd gloriosum est nobis : it is a g. thing to, #c, magnificum est (illud); or (ci) gloriosum est, with inf., or ace. and infin. : a g. victory, gloriosissima victoria (Suet.) : to gain a g. victory, magnifice vincere (C): to obtain a g. triumph, gloriose triumphare (C. Fam. 2, 3) : a g. name, nomen illustre : the g. name of a good man, boni viri splendor et nomen. || Vain- glorious; see under Vain. GLORIOUSLY, gloriose (e. g. triumphare).— mag- nifice.— laudabiliter. cum laude.— splendide. nitide.— egregie. eximie. Very g., gloriosissime et magnificen- tissime (e. g. conficere qd ; C). GLORY, gloria, claritas. claritudo (glor., like «Xeov, represents g. under the notion of being much spoken of; clar. under the notion of being a bright, conspicuous object, like b6$a. C. uses claritas, S, claritudo in this GLO sense, wch is afav. word wilh T., not found in C, Cccs., Q. t or Suet., who, indeed, uses neither form). — laus {praise; the oral recognition, whether by one or more persons, of the merit, fyc, of a person or action). — fama (the pood report of a person, or the general recognition of the merit of an action). A little g., gloribla : to be a g. to aby, laudi or gloriae esse ; laudem afferre : to aim at or pursue g., gloriam quaerere : to thirst for g., or make g. one's object, gloriam or laudem quaerere ; glo- riae servire j gloria duci ; laudis studio trahi : to be filled with a passionate longing for g., flagrare laudis or gloriae cupiditate; gloriae cupiditate incensum esse: to reap or acquire g., gloriam acquirere, capere, consS- qui, or adipisci ; claritudinem parare ; ad claritudinem pervenire (the two last S., not C.) : to be covered with g., gloria florere ; claritate praestare (Np.); in gloria (sem- piterna or aeterna) esse (C.) : to confer immortal g. upon aby, immortalem gloriam dare (C); immortali gloria qm afficere (Plaut.); sempiternae gloriae qm comrnen- dare : to say athg to the g. of aby, praedicare qd de qo ; to prophesy that aby will acquire g., ci claritatem osten- dere (C.) : the thirst or desire of g., gloriae or laudis cu- piditas ; laudis studium ; gloriae laudisque cupiditas ; also gloria only (e. g. gloria duci) : the passionate desire of g., gloriae aestus : the insatiable thirst of g., insatiabi- lis famae cupido: eager in the pursuit of g., gloriae or laudis cupidus or avidus; gloriae appetens. || Vain- glory; see under Vain. \\ A glory (= rays of heavenly light round a saint's head), radii. A head with a g. round it, caput radiatum (see Plin. Pan. 52, 1, Gierig). |j The glorious existence of saints in heaven, immortalis or aeterna gloria. See To GLO- RIFY. GLORY, v. gloria et praedicatione sese efferre. To g. in athg, qa. re or de or in qa re gloriari (the abl. and de implying that the boast is unfounded ; in that there is just cause for it); also jactare or ostentare qd (to plume oneself on it ostentatiously). To g. in having fyc, gloriari in eo, quod &c. : to have good reason to g. in athg, qd vera cum gloria de se praedicare posse. GLOSS, || External lustre, nitor. splendor, ful- gor. — levor (Lucr., Plin.; smoothness). Jn. candor- que et levor (Plin. ; of a glossy white smoothness). To put a g. upon athg, levigare. polire (g. tt. for making a smooth surf. ; pol. also implying that the external appearance is improved by it : pol. vestes, Plin. ; vesti- menta, Ulp.); also splendidum or nitidum facereqd; in splendorem dare qd ; nitorem inducere ci rei ; can- doremque et levorem ci rei afferre [Plin.). GLOSS, s. || Explanation of a word, fyc, *scholion (e, To Strawl. GRACE, || Beauty, gratia (charm; e. g., in the manner of representing athg; of style; see Q. 10, 1, 65, and 96). — pulchritude, venustas. forma, species [Syn. in Beauty] — elegantia (g., as consisting in tasteful selection).— decor (poet.; e. g t , Tibull., 0.: and post- (412) GRA Aug. prose, esply in Q.).— lepos (g. in words, style, speech, conversation ; see Ilerz. S. Cat. 25, 5, p. 130). — venus (charm, %c. ; not C). Refined g., exculta quae- dam elegantia (Q ); subtllis venustas: a peculiar g., proprius decor (Q.): female g., muliebris venustas: g. and fulness of expression, suaviias dicendi et copia: to have a natural g. in conversation, #c, nativus quidam lepos in qo est. G.'s of style, dicendi veneres : meretricious g.'s of style, lenocinia (Q. Prcef. 8, 26 ; opp. ornamenta): the g. of the Attic dialect, gratia sermonis Attici: studied g., venustas in gestu (Auct. Her. 3, 15, 16; too theatrical for an orator, opp. turpitudo) : with- out g., insuavis; invenustus; injucundus : full of g., suavitatis or jucunditatis plenus; venustate afliuens. See Graceful. \\F avour, gratia, favor, benefi- cium ; see Favour. By the g. of God, *favente Deo ; juvante Deo; *Dei beneficio (the first expressing 'fa- vour;' the second, 'help;' the last, a benefit conferred). || Pardon, venia. — indulgentia (a particular favour or indulgence shown to aby, as Suet. Vit. 5, of a prince towards a favorite). — misericordia (mercy, pity).— im- punitas (impunity offered to, or obtained by aby; see Amnesty).— gratia (favour bestowed on aby). To sue for g., veniam delicti precari (with regard to a crime); veniam praeteritorum precari (for the past, e.g., on account of rebellion) ; suum periculum deprecari (in imminent danger, death, %c): to obtain g, impetrare veniam. veniam invenire ; fm aby, a qo ; see Par- don, s. There is no more g. to be hoped, sublata est spes veniae. j| Thanks, vid.: also laudes gratesque (a prayer of praise and thanks). \\ As title; e.g. ' Your grace !' *Tu, vir generosissime ! princeps (im- perator) clementissime! dementia vestra ! (the two last were used in addressing Roman Empp.; see Gesneri Thes.). — || Grace personified as a goddess, Charis (XaW), or, pure Lat., Gratia: the Graces, CharYtes (Xdpirc?), or, pure Lat., Gratiae. GRACE, v. || To embellish; to adorn, ornare. exornare. adornare. excolere. distinguere. vestire qa re [Syn. in Adorn]. To g. a narrative, narra- tionem gratia et venere exornare: the things or objects that g. the life of man, res, quae vitam instruunt : to g. athg by the mode of relating it, qd verbis exornare, or oratione exornare : to g. (e. g. a company) with one's presence, praesentia sua (of one) or freqaentia (of several persons) ornare qm : to g. aby ( = be an honour to him), honori, decori or ornamento esse; ci perhonorificum esse. || To favour, vid. GRACEFUL, venustus (charming and captivating the senses). — lepidus (connected with Aeirror, propr. = light; hence of a light airy grace ; lep. mores, Plant.; dictum, H. In Auct. Her. lepida et concinna [opp. magna et pulchra] = prettinesses ; petty g.'s of style that soon weary). — decorus (poet, and in post- Aug. prose, esply the historians; not in this sense in C). — elegans. concinnus et elegans. comptus. nitidus et comptus. bellus [Syn. in Elegant], Sis suavis. dul- cis. To be g., habere suavitatem. conjunctum esse sua- vitate : to be exceedingly g., mirifica esse suavitate ; affluere venustate: to render g., ci rei venustatem afferre, or amcenitatem suppeditare : a g. attitude, for- mosus habitus (e. g., in throwing a spear): a noble and g. exterior, ad dignitatem apposita species et forma : of a g. shape or form, forma or specie venusta (only of persons) : a very g. female, mulier venustissima; mulier forma or specie venustissima; mulier omnibus simula- cris emendatior (Petron. 126, 13): a g. delivery (of a speaker), suaviloquentia (C. Brut. 15, 58). See Ele- gant. GRACEFULLY, venuste.— eleganter (e. g. psallere, saltare ; agere vitam or aetatem ; causam dicere). — de- core, honeste; suaviter [Syn. in Graceful], speciose (e. g. hasta speciosissime contorta, Q.). To speak g., quasi decore loqui ; suavem esse in dicendo (the latter of an orator only) ; suaviter loqui (to speak in a sweet, persuasive manner): speaking g., suaviloquens (C. in Gell. 12, 2, %c, in wch passage Gellius is of opinion that Seneca is wrong in rejecting this word) : to relate athg g., jucunde narrare : to icrite g., dulcissime scri- bere. See also Elegantly. GRACEFULNESS, venustas. gratia, dignitas (the last, of all that is capable of bestowing dignity). — decor, oris (+ and post- Aug. prose). AVe Grace. G. of atti- tude, formosus habitus. GRACIOUS, propitius (propitious, favorable, of the gods, and, less cmly, of superiors to their inferiors). — coini» (courteous, affable to all alike). — humanus (mild, as a general virtue ; fm cultivation, good-will to man-' kind, generally, fyc). Jn. comis et humanus.— ele- vens (mild ; remitting something of the severity tveh. GRA might ju dly have been expected; opp. severus, crudelis). — lenis (mild, of him who, fm either real or pretended kindness of heart, avoids athg that may be harsh, opp. vehemens, asper, acer). — indulgens [indulgent, not severe ; of one who readily excuses athg, though he dis- approves of it, opp. acerbus et severus). — misericors (merciful, opp. durus). Jn. clemens et misericors (opp. crudelis et durus). — benignus (kind, with ref. to the friendly feeling and the manifestation of it). — liberalis (acting with liberality). A g. reception, *liberalitas (comitas, humanitas), qua qs excipitur or accipitur: to meet with a g. reception, benigne excipi. GRACIOUSLY, comiter. humane, clementer. leni- ter. benigne. liberaliter. indulgenter [Syn. in Gra- cious]. Jn. benigne et liberaliter. benigne ac libe- raliter. To receive or be received g., see ' Gracious reception.' GRACIOUSNESS, benignitas animi.— benevolentia. favor, voluntas, studium [Syn. in Favour]. — comitas (kind condescension). — bumanitas. facilitas (Syn. in Courteous). The g. of aby's reception, liberalitas (co- mitas, bumanitas), qua qs excipitur or accipitur. GRADATION, gradus (degree; g.'s ; e. g. aetatis). There are many g.'s in athg, in qa re multi sunt gra- dus : in all the g.'s, whether of rank or age, in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu (C.) : to have or admit of no g.'s, habere nullos gradus (cs rei). gradus (cs rei) non habere (both C.) - g.'s strictly defined; definite g.'s, dis- tincti gradus [ |g^" gradatio = the rhetorical figure, xA?/Uaf ] . GRADUAL, *quasi gradatus.— sensim el pedetentim progrediens (g., with ref. to progress ; gradually increas- ing) ; but mly by paullatim with a suitable paricp. — the g. decline of discipline, labens paullatim disciplina: the g. rise of the arts and sciences, *efflorescentes paul- latim literae artesque : in a g. manner, gradatim; gra- dibus : g. increase, progressio ; towards athg, progressio ad qam rem facta : a g. descent or declivity, collis paul- latim ad planitiem rediens : a g. ascent, collis leniter editus, or clementer assurgens : a country house is built on a g. ascent, villa leniter et sensim clivo fallente consurgit (Plin.). GRADUALLY, paullatim. sensim (represent gradual motion under the image of an imperceptible pro- gress; paullatim, by little and little, opp. semel, at once; sensim, imperceptibly, opp. repente; C. Off. 1, 33. Suet. Tib. 11). — gradatim. pedetentim (represent it under the image of a self-conscious progress; grad., step by step, like j3ddnv, opp. cursim, saltuatim, &c. ; pede- tentim denotes at a foot's pace, opp. curru, equo, volatu, velis, Dod.). See 'by degrees' in Degree. GRADUATE, s. *academico qo honore ornatus ; *qui ad academicum qm gradum promotus est. GRADUATE, v. || Intrans.) *ad academicum qm gradum promoveri. || Trans.) To mark with de- grees, *qd in gradus dividere (grad., of the degrees of a circle; Manil. 1, 579). GRAFT, s. surculus. GRAFT, v. arborem inserere ; also inserere only or surculum arbori inserere : to g. a pear (on the stock of a wild pear), pirum bonam in pirum silvaticam inserere. |$§p" arborem inoculare or arbori oculum inserere = to bud. GRAFTING- KNIFE, *culter insitoris. GRAIN, s. || A single seed of corn, granum (in all the meanings of the English word, e. g. of corn, salt, #c, but mica salis, aft. Plin. 22, 16, 14, does not mean * grain,' but ' a few grains,' the former being always ex- pressed by granum salis, Plin. 23, 8, 77). \\ Corn, vid. || The seed of any fruit, semen. *granum seminale. || A small particle; e. g. a g. of salt; see above. Often by aliquid with gen., or aliquis in agreement. Some g. of allowance, aliquid veniae or aliqua venia. Athg must receive a g. of allowance, dandum est aliquid ci rei : athg may receive some g. of allowance, est quatenus ci rei dari venia possit (C.) : a g. of gold, auri granum. || The smallest weight, *granum. || The veins or fibres of inanimate bodies, vena (in metals, marble, trees, Sfc). — fibra (in plants). — meatus Hgni (in wood); hence (impropr.) 'agst the grain,' invita Minerva, ut aiunt (C), or (aft. his definition) adversante et repugn ante natura. || (To dye, Sfc) in g., *fila singula (or fila ipsa nondum in- texta) colorare or inficere : hence a rogue in g., insig- nite improbus ; veterator {an old hand); *homo plane inlectus vitiis (aft. C. Tusc. 3, 2; and Leg. 3, 13, 30); or trifurcifer, &c, totus ex fraude factus. || Dyed or stained substance, e. g. of dark g., $c. ; seel Colour, Dye. GRAIN, v. (of wood) *marmori maculoso simile I (413) GRA facere qd (like marble). — «venas or meatum ligni pin- gendo imitari (like wood). GRAINY, or GRAINED. \\ Rough; see Coarse. — *marmori maculoso similis factus (of wood g. in imitation of marble). — *in similitudinem ligni cs pic- tus, variatus, &c. — venosus (e. g. of a stone, lapis). GRAMMAR, ars grammatica or grammatica only (C. Fin. 3, 2, 5), or grammatice (as Q. 1, 4, 4), or mly grammatica, orum (the g., as art and science). — *ratio grammatica ; ratio loquendi (as theory). — *praecepta or leges grammaticorum (grammatical rules). — *liber grammaticus or ad grammaticam rationem pertinens (a g.). To write an able treatise on Latin g., de rations Latine loquendi accuratissime scribere. GRAMMAR SCHOOL, *gymnasium. *lyceum. schola publica (later). GRAMMARIAN, grammaticus. GRAMMATICAL, grammaticus. GRAMMATICALLY, grammatice (also = g. correct, e. g. loqui, see Q. 1, 6, 27, in wch passage it is distin- guished fm ' Latine loqui,' i. e. to speak in accordance with the genius of the Latin language). GRANARY, granarium (the barn of a farmer). — horreum (a public magazine). Jn. cella et horreum. — rei frumentariae subsidium (a store, only resorted to in case of want or necessity). Marcus Cato, the wise, called Sicily, the g. of our state, M. Cato sapiens cellam penariam reipublicae nostrae Siciliam nominavit (cell. pen., the storeroom of a private house) : Capua (is) the g. of the whole district of Campania, Capua cella et horreum Campani agri. GRAND, grandis (with ref. to thoughts, and their expression ; sublime, of poets, orators, fyc. and their works). — magnificus (elevated, lofty, fyc. of style ; and of things prepared on a magnificent scale, villas, appa- ratus). Jn. magnificus atque praeclarus (e. g. dicendi genus). — magnificus et sumptuosus (on a g. scale, and at a great expense, e.g. funera).— amp! us et grandis (e.g. orator). — excelsus (elevated, with ref. to character). — ad- miratione dignus et magni ingenii (deserving admira- tion, and proving the existence of great ability in the author). GRAND AM. See Grandmother. [| Matron, matrona. GRAND-DAUGHTER, neptis : the husband of the g.-d , progener. neptis vir (Fest.) : great g.-d., proneptis. GRAND DUCHY, *magnus ducatus. GRAND DUKE, *magnus dux. GRANDEE, primus (one of the first of the people). — primarius (one of the first, with ref. to rank and dig- nity). — patricius. nobili or summo loco natus. gene- rosus [Syn. in Gentle]. — genere clarus or illustris or insignis. generis dignitate conspicuus (of very noble descent, fm connexions, birth, power, credit, 8$c.)< Grandees, procures (nobles, opp. commonalty) ; pri- mores (the most influential). GRANDEUR. See Greatness. GRANDFATHER, avus (also with the addition of paternus, on the father s side ; maternus, on the mother's): a wife's g., prosocer: g.'s brother, patruua magnus (Paul. Big. 38, 10, 10, § 15): g.'s sister, amfta magna (Gaj. Dig. 38, 10, 1, and Paul. Dig. 38, 10, 10) : great-g., proavus. GRANDILOQUENCE, magniloquentia (in C, not in a contemptuous sense ; e. g. hexametrorum, Homeri ; in L., of boastful g., 44, 15. gggp^ Not grandiloquentia, wch Wyttenb. uses). — granditas verborum (C. ; but not in a contemptuous sense). — genus dicendi, quod tumore immodico turgescit (Q. 12, 10, 73).— tumidior sermo (L.). GRANDILOQUENT, grandiloquus, ut ita dicam (C). — magniloquus (t or post-Aug. T. Agr. 27).— mag- nil8quo ore tumidus (O.). GRANDMOTHER, avfa: the wife's g., prosocrus (Modestin. Dig. 38, 10, 4, § 6) : great-g., proavla (Suet. Cal. 10, and JCt.). Pro v. To teach one's g. to suck eggs ; see Egg. GRANDSON, nepos : great-g., pronSpos. GRAND TURK, *imperator Turcicus. GRANGE. See Farm, Granary. GRANITE, *granltes lapis (t. t.): red g., lapis syenites : a mass of g., «granites saxum. GRANT, s. donatio (donation), or Crcl. with the verbs in To Grant. See Concession, Gift. GRANT, v. || Bestow, $c, concedere (ire conse- quence of a request or demand, opp. to refuse, avyxu- prjo-ai). — permittere (fm confidence in a person, and liberality ; opp. to forbidding, like hcpeivat; both imply that the person has the full right to bestow the thing in question) — indulgere (to grant something, which might- GRA properly be withheld, fm evident forbearance, kindness, fyc ; e. g. usum pecuniae gratuitum ci . . . indulsit, Suet. ; it is post-Aug., and rare in this sense). — largiri {fm bountiful kindness, fyc). To g. aby his life, con- cedere vitam ci {Suet.); his request, concedere cs peti- tioni (C. ); quod petit qs, dare; praestare, quod rogatur; ci petenti satisfacere or non deesse; facere, quae qs petiit; also cs precious iudulgere; qm voti compo- tem facere {of a deity) : not to g. it, cs preces repu- diare ; ci petenti deesse, non satisfacere : to g. permis- sion ; see Allow or Permit; forgiveness, pardon; see To Forgive. |] Admit in argument ; see To Admit = concede ; and for ' take for granted,' see As- sume {fin.). This being granted, quo concesso; quibus concessis: but even granting this, sed hoc ipsum con- cedatur. ' Granting that {he, she, it, fyc),' may often be translated by ut (sit); and 'granting that. . . not,' by ne sit {or sit sane) ; but, even granting {or if I g.) this, you cannot, verum, ut ita sit, non potes, &c. {so, ut verum esset; quae ut essent vera, &c): even granting that pain is not the greatest of evils, yet surely it is an evil, ne sit sane summum malum dolor, malum certe est (C). Granting that you cannot suppose Philip the equal of Hannibal, yet you will surely consider him equal to Pyrrhus, ne aequaveritis Hannibali Philippum, Pyrrho certe sequabitis (Li 31, 7). Sts the perf. subj. is used alone ; ' granting that he was considered so {a bad citizen) by others, yet when did you begin to look upon him in this light V f u e r i t aliis, tibi quando esse ccepit ? (C. Verr. 1, 41 : so sts the pres. Non possis [= ' even granting that you cannot,' or ' you may not indeed be able'] oculis quantum contendere Lynceus, non tamen, &c, H. Ep. 1, 1, 28). Sts fac ( = suppose that; with inf.). See Suppose. GRANTEE, privilegiarius {post-Aug.). — miTpri- vilegiatus is without any ancient authority. — immunis {he who is exempt fm athg, e. g.fm paying taxes, fyc). GRANULATE, v. Trans.) in grana redigere. — molis frangere (if by a mill). See also To Crush. — || Intrans.) *in grana redigi, formari. GRANULATION {in surgery), caro increscens (Cels.). The loss will be repaired by g. fm the membrane itself, caro ab mernbrana ipsa incipit increscere, et replet id, quod vacuum est, inter ossa {Cels.). GRAPE, uva: a small g., parva uva: dried g., uva passa : a single g. or berry, acinus or aclnum. To dry g.'s in the sun, uvas in sole pandere : a g. is beginning to turn, uva varia fieri ccepit : the g. never ripens, uva numquam dulcedinem capit. H^IT racemus is the twig on wch the berries are hanging; hence poet. 4 racemi' (pi.) is used either for the g. itself, or for a bunch of g.'s. GRAPE-SHOT, «globus ferro secto et pulvere pyrio completus : a volley ofg.-s., *ferrei secti grando. GRAPE-STONE, nucleus acini, acinus vinaceus, or acinus only. — (pi.) vinacea, orum. GRAPHIC, GRAPHICAL, grapbicus (very rare; graphicam in adspectu efficere delectationem, Vitr.). A g. description of athg, cs rei paene sub aspectum sub- jectio ; cs rei sub oculos subjectio. To give a g. descrip- tion of athg, lectis verborum coloribus depingere qd (aft. Gell.); qd paene sub aspectum subjicere ; qd sub oculos subjicere; rem constituere paene ante oculos (C. Part. Or. 6, 20); totam rei imaginem verbis quo- dammbdo depingere ; or formam rerum ita exprimere verbis, ut cerni potius videatur quam audiri (Q.) ; or qd sic exponere quasi agatur res, non quasi nar- retur (C. : the three last, of a lively dramatic descrip- tion). GRAPHICALLY, graphice (Plant., crepidula te graphice decet), or by Crcl., lectis verborum coloribus depingere qd. See 'to give a Graphic descrip- tion of.' GRAPNEL, |1 A small anchor, see Anchor. ||^4 hook for boarding vessels, see Grappling- iron. GRAPPLE, s. an iron hook for boarding ships, see Grappling-iron. || Wrestler's hold or hug. See Hug. GRAPPLE, v. || To grapple a ship, ferreas manus or harpagones in navem injicere, or ex sua nave in bostium navem injic. (L. 21, 28). — ferreis manibus injectis navem religare (Cess. B. C. 2, 6). To g. with and board, in hostium navem transcendere. || To seize fast hold of, velut hamis inuncari ci rei (to be fixed to it as if with hooks, Col. 7, 3, 10). To g. with aby, medium arripere qm (seize him by the waist, Ter.) ; complecti qm (e. g., in wrestling, Np. Epam. 2); luctari et congredi cum qo (impropr., of grappling with an opponent in any contest; e.g., in (414) GRA argument). When they grappled, quum sua complexu coierunt membra tenaci (+0.). GRAPPLING-IRONS, harpagones (L. 30, 10, who describes them as asseres ferreo unco praefixi ; Curt, makes them = ferreae manus, but distinguishes them fm corvi, 4, 2, 12). — ferreae manus (Cces.). To use the g.-i.'s, ferreas manus or harpagones in navem inji- cere. ferreis manibus injectis navem religare. GRASP, v. \\To clutch, rapere. arripere qd (vio- lently). — involare in qd (impropr., to fly upon athg for the purpose of taking immediate possession of it; e. g. in alienas possessiones). — prehendere (to seize upon athg, to hold it). — corripere qd (to snatch at athg eagerly). To endeavour to g. athg, qd appetere manibus : to g. athg eagerly, avide arripere qd. || Intrans.) To grasp at = endeavour to obtain (in a bad sense), affectare (e.g., at empire, regnum, L.; so domina- tiones, S.ap.Aug. Civ.D. 3, 17; not C). — petere. appe- tere qd (to seek to obtain). — sectari. consectari (to pursue). — aucupari (to lie in wait for an oppor- tunity of seizing athg). — manus afterre or adhibere ci rei (impropr.; to stretch out one's hands for the purpose of taking possession; e. g. vectigalibus ; alienis bonis). To g. at what does not belong to one. alienum appetere (Phcedr.; et alieni appStens, S.). To g. at every, even the emptiest shadow of glory, omnes etiam umbras falsae gloriae consectari (C). GRASP, s. ; sec Hold, s. ; e.g., to come into aby's g., in manus cs venire : to rescue or snatch athg fm aby's g., qd e or ex manibus or ex faucibus cs eripere. GRASS, gramen (g. t., esply if serving for fodder). — herba (young g., just shooting up; hence frequently graminis herba ; i. e., fresh young g., also = a blade of g.; see L. 1, 24. 0. Met. 10, 87). — fcenum (cut and dried.g., hay). — caespes (turf; also a piece of soil dug up with theg. and its roots). A withered blade of g., iestiica (Kap-c. ; often opposed to the more general and lighter culpa, as 'guilt' to 'fault;' see examples below). — causa, causa maleficii (the cause of the crime). — meritum (desert, whether of good or evil ; in the latter sense, C. Fam. 5, 9, non meo merito ; so Cces. B. G. 1, 14. 0. Met. 8, 503, nunc merito moriere tuo). To be free fm g., extra noxiam esse (not to have caused the injury) ; extra culpam esse (not to deserve blame or punishment) ; liberum esse a delicto (or -is) ; scelere liberatum esse (C.) : though we are not indeed without fault, yet we stand acquitted of g., etsi qa culpa tenemur erroris humani, a scelere certe liberati sumus (C): the g. is mine, mea culpa est ; is all my own, mea propria culpa est. His g. is not greater than that of fyc, non iste majus scelus commisit, quam qui &c. All ima- ginable g. is summed up and comprehended in this crime, in hoc uno maleficio scelera omnia complexa esse videntur (C). To be without g. ; see Guiltless. See Crime, Guilty. GUILTINESS, culpa. GUILTLESS, innocens. insons. culpa vacuus or carens. integer [Syn. in Innocent], To be g., extra culpam esse, culpa vacuum esse, culpa, carere (see Innocent). GUILTLESSLY, innocenter (post-Aug. Q.). integre. pudlce. caste. Jn. pure et caste; caste integreque. GUILTLESSNESS. See Innocence. GUILTY, nocens (denotes guilt, in a specified case, with regard to a single action). — noxius (in the poets nocuus, relates to the nature and character in general. Of a g. person, it only represents him as the author and cause of some hurt, like /?\a/3epoy). — sons (morally g. ; condemned, or worthy of condemnation, like 0£>os. Ddd.). To be g. of a crime, culpam or facinus in se admittere; scelus (in sese) concipere (see more under to 'commit a Crime'). To be g. of so dreadful a sin, tantum sceleris or (stronger) flagitii admittere (C). What crime can be imagined, of wch this man has not been g. ? quid mali aut sceleris ringi ant excogitari potest, quod non ille conceperit? (C.) To declare or pronounce aby g., qm noxium judicare (see To Con- demn). To consider aby g., qm nocentem habere : to punish the g., punire sontes. GUINEA, prps *aureus Anglicus. GUINEA-FOWL, meleagris (jueXea^p/?, /3or, f,)-— *Numida meleagris (Linn.).— avis Numidica. gallina Numidica or Africana (a species of it; see Schneid. Varr. R. R. 3, 19, 18). GUINEA-HEN. See Guinea-fowl. GUINEA-PIG, *mus porcellus (Linn.). *cavia cobava (Pall.). GUINEA-PEPPER, *capsicum. GUISE. See Manner. GUITAR, *cithara Hispanica: a g. player, citharista. citharcedus (if he accompanies his play with a song). — Fern, citharistria (Inscr.). citharceda. GULF, || A bay, sinus maris or maritfmus; fm the context sinus only. — || A whirlpool, vortex. — || Abyss, vorago. gurges. profundum, with or without maris [Syn. in Abyss]. ggp° barathrum is to be avoided in prose, since only Vitr. [10, 6 (22), 11] uses it, in speaking of a pit dug by the hands of men). In the midst of the forum there appeared a yawning g., forum medium specu vasto collapsum est in immensam altitudinem. GULFY, voraginosus (Hirt.). GULL, v. See To Cheat. GULL, s. || A cheat, vid. || A person easily imposed upon, homo stultus. stipes, credulus. || A sea bird, *larus. *larus marinus (Linn.). GULLERY. See Fraud. GULLET, fauces, gula [Syn. in Throat]. GULLY-HOLE, prps receptaculum purgamentorum (as definition given by L. 1, 56, of 'cloaca'). GULOSITY, edacitas. aviditas cibi. voracitas (later only ; Syn. in Glutton). (422) GYV GULP, vorare. devorare.— haurire (to devour with avidity). — absorbere (to drench, vid., and To Devour). [| Impropr.) devorare (e. g. paucorum dierum moles- tiam, C). — exsorbere (e. g. multorum difficultatem, i. e., awkward tempers). GUM, \\ A vegetable substance, gummi (in- decl.) or gummi s. || Of the teeth, gingiva. GUM, v. conglutinare (g. t. ; to stick or glue toge- ther).— agglutinare qd ci rei (tog. one thing to another). GUMMY, gummosus (Plin.). GUN, *sclopetum. He was so good a shot with a g., that he could hit any bird flying, however wild it might be, *in hoc recentioris aetatis missili, sclopeto, seu tubo ignivbmo, tractando tanta dexteritate valebat, ut avem quamvis vage varieque volitantem feriret (Wyttenb.) : the barrel of a g., *sclopeti tubus : the stock of a g., ♦sclopeti lignum: the lock ofag., *sclopeti igniarium: to fire a g. at aby, *ictum sclopeto mittere in qm : to be mortally wounded by his companion, who was holding his g. carelessly, *comite, sclopetum incaute tractante, mortifera emissione vulnerari (Wyttenb.). To load a g., *pulverem pyrium sclopeto infundere; with ball, ♦glandem plumbeam sclopeto immittere. A g.-shot, *ictus sclopeti. GUN-BARREL, *sclopeti tubus. GUNNER, *miles tormentarius. GUN-POWDER, *pulvis pyrius. GUN-SMITH, «sclopetorum faber. GUN-STOCK, *sclopeti tignum. GUN- WALE, prps labra (pi.) navis. GURGE. See Gulf. GURGLE, susurrare (of water). — cum murmure labi (to glide on with a gurgling noise). — murmurare (to murmur). — leniter sonare (t of brooks ; a gurgling foun- tain, fons leniter sonantis aquae, +). Gurgling (in poetry), also garrulus (e. g. rivus, 0. Fast. 2, 316) ; loquax (e. g. lymphae, H.). GUSH, v. exundare qa re. profluere ex qa re (g. t.). scaturire. manare. alte or in altum emicare. exsilire (to spring up). — erumpere. prorumpere (of water, tears, blood, fyc, to flow or rush forth with some degree of vio- lence). — ex edito desilire (e. g.,fm a height). — prosilire or emicare (of blood). — profundi, se profundere (of tears, fyc). — *cum fremitu delabi (to rush down with a noise). Tears g. fm the eyes, in lacrimas effundi. GUSH, s. See Stream : with a g. of tears (e. g. to implore aby), multis cum lacrimis : a g. of tears ; see ' Flood of tears.' GUSSET, *cuneus (if in the form of a wedge), — *co- nus (if in a form of cone) ; or prps *pannus cuneatus or forma cuneata. GUST, || Taste, vid. |] A sudden blast of wind, impetus venti. — flamen. flatus (poet.). GUSTY, turbulentus ; procellosus ; turbidus [Syn. in Stormy]. GUT, s. intestinum (g. t.). intestinum rectum (the colon). — *intestinum ilium (the ilium). — int. jejunum (the jejunum). || Fig. = stomach (as term of contempt), see Belly. GUT, v. exenterare (e. g. a hare, leporem. jgsgT not eviscerare in this sense). \\ To empty (a house of its contents), exinanire (to empty ; e. g. domos, C). — everrere et extergere (to sweep it clean of its co?ilents, e. g. domum, urbem, fanum, C). To g. a house, domum exinanire; domum eversam atque extersam relinquere (C. Verr. 2, 21, fin.) ; *domum ita exinanire, ut parietes modo stent et maneant (cf. C. Off. 2, 29). GUTTER, s. canalis or (if a small one) canaliculus (g. t.). — canalis, quae excipit e tegulis aquam ccelestem (pipe of a roof; Vitr. 3, 5, 15). — tegulae colliciares (the tiles, in wch the rain-water runs down ; Cato R. H. 14 4). — colliciae (for draining fields, as well as on a roof). GUTTER, v. Trans.) striare. GUTTLER, ganeo (v. propr.).—heh\o. nepos (if he spends wastefully). — homo non profundae modo, sed in- tempestivae quoque ac sordidae gulae (in a worse sense). GUTTURAL, e. g. a letter, *litera palati. GUZZLE, heluari luxuriose vivere. GUZZLER. See Guttler. GYMNASTIC, gymnicus. gymnasticus (rather ob- solete). G. exercises, artes gymnicae (as art) ; exerci r tatio in gymnasiis (the exercises of young men in higher schools, juventutis). GYMNASTICS, ars gymnica. GYPSUM, gypsum (yvy},os). GYRE. See Circle. GYVE. See To Fetter. GYVES. See Fetters. HA H. HA! ah! {expressing pain, anger, or reproach ; im- patience and astonishment ; also consolation [Quid? ah volet! Ter.] and sometimes jog) : ha ! ha ! ha! {cheer- ful laughter) ha ! ha ! ha ! — aha ! (Plaut.) HABERDASHER, tahernarius {g. t. for shopkeeper). — qui pannos veiidit or venditat [seller of cloth, stuffs, 8fc). HABILIMENT. See Dress. HABIT, li Dress, vid. || Stat e of t hings, habi- tus {also of constitutional temperament ; e.g. habitu . . . ut facile et cito irascatur, C. Top. 16, 62) ; also naturae ipsius hahitus : a h. of body, corporis affectio, constitutio ; see Condition, Constitution. || Custom, consuetude — |§§|rassuetudo not C, but Varr. [amor assuetudinis] O., L. [assuetudo ma'.i], T. [natura sive assuetudine], — &c. mos. institutum [Syn. in Custom]. — IggT hahi- tus, ' the state in wch athg se habet,' often approaches very near to the meaning of 'habit,' e. g. Justitia est habitus animi communi utilitate conservata, &c, C. ; hominem ad rationis habitum perducere, C. ; suoque potius habitu vitam degere {Pluedr.). — The h. of sinning, con- suetudo peccandi; of speaking, loquendi: aft. my [his, fyc.) h., as my {his, fyc.) h. is, (ex) consuetudine ; (ex) more; pro mea consuetudine; (ex) instituto meo; ut or quemadmodum consuevi : agst {my, §c.) usual h., praeter consuetudinem ; contra morem consuetudinem- que : the Greeks are in the h. of, fyc, est consuetudo or mos Graecorum, followed by inf. or ut &c. ; est Graecse consuetudinis or moris Graeci, ut &c. ; apud Graecos ea consuetudo est, ut {Cces. B. G. 1, 50): it is the h. here { = of this country), est usu receptum ; est institutum : to retain a h , consuetudinem (meam, &c.) tenere, retinere, servare. I have always retained this h., or been in the h. of acting thus in political matters, earn (hanc, &c.) consuetudinem in repubhea semper habui (C. Phil. 1, 11, 27): to retain the good old h. of athg, retinere veterem ilium cs rei morem (e. g. offi- cii, C. Plane. 6, 22) : to have a h., consuetudinem habere {as C. Phil. 1, 11, 27, sin consuetudinem meam, quam in republica semper habui, tenuero) : to have theh. of fyc, assuevisse, consuevisse {to have accustomed one- self) or solere {to be in the h.), with inf. (e. g qui men- tiri solet, pejerare consuevit) : to adopt a h., con- suetudinem asciscere (e. g. luhenter, C. Brut. 57, fin.): to induce aby to adopt the same h. as oneself, induco qm in meam consuetudinem : to train aby to the h. of athg, assuefacere qm qa. re {e. g. disciplina) : athg grows into a h., in consuetudinem or morem venire: athg grows a h. with me, in consuetudinem cs rei venio or me adduco. To get the h. of athg, cs rei sihi naturam facere (Q. 2, 2, 17) : aby gets into the h. of $c, qs in earn consuetudinem venit or in earn se consuetudi- nem adducit, ut &c. : this is becoming a h., consue- tudo inveterascit : to introduce a h., consuetudinem introducere : to keep to one's old h. or h.'s, institu- tum suum tenere; nihil mutare de consuetudine sua: to give up or depart fm a h., consuetudine recedere: to give up or depart fm one's usual h., a pristina con- suetudine deflectere ; gradually, consuetudinem mi- nuere : to be the slave of h., consuetudini servire : to endeavour to bring aby back to his old h , revocare ad pristinam consuetudinem: to reintroduce an old h., veterem consuetudinem referre. Demosthenes was in the h. of reciting aloud several verses without taking breath, Dem. summa voce versus multos uno spiritu proiiunciare consuescebat (C. ; i. e. accustomed himself to do it by practice). — Prov. H. grows into a second nature, consuetudine quasi altera quaedam natura efficitur (C. de Fin. 5, 25, 74) or vetus consue- tudo ohtinet vim naturae (C. de Invent. 1, 2, 3): the h. of acting right has become a second nature to me, mihi bene facere ex consuetudine in naturam vertit {S. Jug. 85, 4) : a bad, long, barbarous, fyc. h., consuetudo mala (//.), longa, vetus (Q.); immanis ac barbara (<7.) : it was very important that the h. of discipline should be formed in our troops, ad disciplinam militiae plurimum intererat insuescere militem nostrum : my father had established in his family the h. of speaking correctly, patrio fuit instituto puro sermone assuefacta domus (C). See Custom. HABIT, v. See To Dress. HABITABLE, habitahilis. HABITATION. See Dwelling. HABITUAL, assuetus {accustomed, e.g. are, fons : (423) HAI in the sense of ' accustomed to, it does not belong here). — consuetus {customary ; e. g. lubido, &c). — solitus {accustomed ; of things, to wch one is accustomed, or that happens customarily ; not C. or Cces. ; but S. Fragm. See Customary). Aby is an h. liar, qs solet or insuevit mentiri : an h. liar, homo assue- tus mendaciis ; or cui mentiri ex consuetudine in naturam vertit {aft. S. Jug. 85, 41) : an h. and practised controversialist, male assuetus ad omnes vias controversiarum (S. Frag.) : an h. deceiver, totus ex fraude et fallaciis factus : an h. adulterer, homo stuprorum exercitatione assuefactus {C. Catil. 2» 5). — g^gT The notion of 'habitual' is sis implied by the ternun. of an adj., as, ehriosus, iracundus, anxius, &c. HABITUALLY, Crcl. ut solet. ut assblet. ut consue- tudo fert {i. e. as he h. does or is in the habit of doing, or as habit or custom requires). — |g5gT Mly Crcl. with solere {of animate and inanimate beings), or consuevisse or assuevisse or insuevisse {of rational beings only, with infin. : a road by wch merchants h. travel, iter, quo mercatores ire consuerant. Sts consuevisse is used as a neut. of things ; as is h. done in athg, ut in qa re fieri consuevit [S. Cat. 22, 2]. — insuesco not C. or Cces., but L., 8fc). — usitato more, tralaticio more (fm old hereditary custom). — more suo. moribus suis (according to one's custom) ; (ex) consuetudine (fm custom or habit). [Syn. in Custom or Habit]: h. insubordi- nate and licentious, assuetus immoderata licentia militari (Just. 31, 1, 8): it was very important that our troops should be rendered h. obedient to discipline, ad disciplinam militias plurimum intererat insuescere militem nostrum (L.). — [See Habitual.] HABITUATE. See To Accustom. HACK, || To cut irregularly, caedere. — conci- dere (to cut up into small pieces). See To Cut, To Chop. || To speak with stops or catches (Shaks.), verba refringere (Stat. Sylv. 2, 1, 123). HACK, || Horse for common use, caballus, or (g. t.) equus. || A hired horse, equus conducticius (with ref. to the horse itself).— equus conductus (with ref. to him who hires it ; compare with Hire). — *equus meritorius. equus vectigalis (with ref. to him who lets it out ; the latter, C. Phil. 2, 25, 62, after the definition of Manutius). \\ As adj., conducticius. (mercede) con- ductus (the former, with ref. to the thing; the latter, to the hirer). — mercenarius (giving one's services for pay; also of things, opp. gratuitus). \\ Athg let out for hire; see compounds of Hackney. || Much used, common, contritus. Jn. communis et contritus (e. g. omnium communia et contrita praecepta). tritus. jam tritus sermone (e. g. of proverbs). HACKING, s. Crcl. with caedere, concldere ; for concisio is only with ref. to sentences, as rhet. 1. 1. ; inter- cisio (Varr. ap. Aug.) is 'the. cutting through,' e. g. with an axe, securis. HACKLE (flax), hamis ferreis linum pectere. HACKNEY, s., see Hack. Also as adj., see Hack, s. HACKNEY-COACH, vehiculum meritorium. rheda meritoria. HACKNEY - COACHMAN, *rhedarius mercena- rius. HACKNEYED, contritus. communis et contritus (e. g. praecepta). quod in omnium ore est or versatur. HADDOCK, *gadus aeglesinus (Linn.) ; prps the Roman asellus (Plin.). HAFT, s. manubrium. See Handle. HAFT, v. *ci rei manubrium aptare. HAGGARD, || Wild, vid. || Lean, macer.— fame maceratus (fm starvation). — vegrandi macie torridus (e. g. homo ; C. Agr. 2, 34, extr.). A pale face, h. eyes, and a mad look, colos exsanguis, fcedi oculi, prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat (S.). HAGGLE, Trans.) || To cut, to chop, vid. || In- trans.) valde iliiberaliter liceri (to bid a meanly low price). — *de pretio (cs rei) cum qo rixari (to quarrel about the price). HAH ! See Ha ! HAIL, s. grando (also fig., in Latin — shower, tanta vis lapidum creberrimae {.-randinis modo, &c. ; Curt. 7, 8, 9) : likeh., *specie grandinis. A violent h. -storm, with thunder and lightning, tempestas cum grandine ac tonitribus ccelo dejecta. HAIL, v. It h.'s, grandinat; grando cadit: it gives over haiting, degrandinat. HAIL, || To salute, vid. Your arrival will be hailed by every body, carus omnibus exspectatusque venies. Hail! salve, plurimum te salvere jubeo.— || Summon, call to, vid. HAI HAILSHOT. See Grapeshot. HAILSTONE, grando. HAIL-STORM, vis creberrimae grandinis. A violent h.-s., with thunder and lightning, tempestas cum gran- dine ac tonitribus coelo dejecta : a violent h.-s. occurred, nimbus cum grandine exortus est ingens : a season in wch many h -s.'s occur, tempestas calamitosa (with ref. to the injury done to the crops) : if any injury has been done by h.-s.'s, si grando quippiam nocuit (C). The damage done by a h,-s , calamitas. HAIR, || A single hair, pilus (g. t., on the body of men and animals, whether short or long, bristly or smooth; see Plin. 11, 32, 47, and 39, 94; H. Ep. 2, 1, 45, horse-h., of the tail; Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 11, goat's h., opp. lana ; Plin. 8, 48, 73, wool. The sing, also stands collectively for the h. of the whole body, like cri- nis and capillus ; see Plin. 11, 32, 47, and 39, 94).— seta {the strong, bristly hair of animals, as horse-h., hog's bristle, fyc). — crinis (the smooth h. of the human head; see Mart. 12, 32, 4, uxor rufa crinibus septem; the sing, also collectively = crines, i. e. head of h.). — villus, villi (only collectively = the thick woolly or hanging h. of animals. |§g|F That villus refers, as just mentioned, rather to the thickness and closeness than to the length of the h., may be seen fm Col. 7, 3, 7, ' ovis cervix prolixi villi;' and Plin. 11, 39, 94, ' vil- losissimus animalium lepus'). — Fine or thin h., pilus tenuis : thick h., pilus crassus : h. grows thick, pili crassescunt : bristly h., pilus hirtus : a person covered all over with h., hirtus: thin h., pili rari : having only a few straggling h.'s, raripilus (esply of animals) : the h. a child is born with, pili congeniti or simul geniti (e. g., of the head) : h. that grows after the birth, pili agnati or post geniti (e. g., of the beard) : the h. in the nose, vibrissae (Fest.): the h. of the beard, barba : h. fm the beard, capilli ex barba. detonsi (shorn fm the beard; Sen. Ep. 92, 31): the downy h. on the face, esply on the chin, of young people, lanugo ; lanugines oris (of several persons) : the long h. hanging down on the temples or cheeks, capronae or caproneas ; upon the forehead, antiae : the h. of the eyelids, cilia, orum : of the eyebrows, supercilia, orum : the h. under the armpit (as liable to smell offensively), hircus : the h. on the neck of a horse or lion ( = mane), juba; comae cervicum (Gell. 5, 14, of those of a lion): to have no h., pilo carere; calvere (to be bald, e.g., naturally, naturaliter) : from wch the hair has been plucked (e. g. a part of the body), depilatus : h. is fall- ing off, pili cadunt or defluunt : h. is growing, pili crescunt ; is gradually growing again, pili subnas- cuntur : to cut off the h., pilos recldere, tondere : to pull aby's h. out, ci pilos evellere : one who has had all his h. pulled out, glaber (see Sen. Ep. 47, 5) : thinner or finer than a h., *pilo tenuior; tenuissimus. Prov. Not to injure a h. of aby's head, ne minime quidem laedere qm : to be within a h.'s breadth of athg, nihil (or nee quicquam) propius est factum, quam ut &c. : he was within a h.'s breadth of being slain, propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur (C). Not to depart a h.'s breadth fm athg, a qa. re traversum (or transversum)unguem non discedere(C); aqare(trans- versum) digirum non abscedere (C): not by a single h.'s breadth, ne pilo quidem uno (e.g. minus se amare, C): to a h. = exactly, vid. : there is not a h.'s dif- ference between them, nihil omnino or ne minimum quidem interest (e. g. inter eos); nihil differt; plane idem est (it is identical). || Hair (collectively = growth or head of hair), crines (see above, ' crinis ' for Syn.).— capillus (fm 'capitis' and 'hillus;' i. e., a tuft of h. ; hence collectively = head of h. [instead of wch sts the plur. capilli is used], esply if opp. ' h. of the beard;' thus often Jn. capillus barbaque, barba capil- lusque). — coma (related to or derived fm K.6fir\, the h. hanging down fm the head, esply of women and savages ; see Plin. 11, 32,47, 'gentes intonsae,' in that passage: he that wears his h. in that fashion, comatus). — caesaries (the bushy h. of men, either short or long, wch surrounds the head, without being artificially arranged, and gives to the person an imposing and martial look ; hence mly of the h. of a warrior ; see Plant. Mil. Glor. 3, 1, 170; L. 28, 35, 6 : he that has such a head of h., caesaria- tus). — villus, villi (shaggy, thick h. ; see above). Long h., capillus longus or promissus ; caesaries pro- missa : to have long h., esse comatum (no/j.av) : thick strong h., capillus densus : he that has strong h., capil- losus; bene capillatus: thin h., capillus rarus : bristly h., capillus hirtus or horrens : straight h., capillus rec- tus or directus : curly h., capillus crispus : he that has curly h., cirratus : woolly h., capillus lanae propior {aft. Plin. 8, 48, 73) : loose or dishevelled h., capillus (424) HAI passus. crines passi (esply of persons in mourning, or of supplicants), capillus sparsus. crines sparsi (of raging persons, savages, or a diviner in ecstasy), capillus effusus (h. that is undone, hanging down on the shoul- ders, not done or tied up, opp. capillus nodo vinctus, see Sen. Ep. 124, 22): the gray h. of old men, cani (canities is poet.): he who has gray h., canus : to have gray h., canere ; canum esse : to get gray h., canescere : false h., capillamentum, cf. 'Wig:' to wear false h., capillamento uti : to wear one's own h., suum capillum or suam comam gestare : lam losing my h., calvesco: I have lost all my h., calveo (see Bald). To let one's h. grow, capillum alere; long, capillum or caesaiiem promittere or submittere: to dress the h., comere capil- los or crines (g. tt.); crines calamistro ornare; capillum crispare ; comam calamistrare (to curl it with the irons); frangere comam in gradus (to arrange it in plaits) : to dress the h. in ringlets, comere caput in annulos; in plaits and ringlets, comere caput in gradus et annulos : to wear the h. in a knot, capillos in nodum colligere; capillum nodo vincire ; crines in nodum cogere or torquere; crinem obliquare nodoque sub- stringere: to be good for the h. (of ointments, oils, 8(c), capillum nutrire or alere ; capillum natura fertili evo- care (to promote the growth of the h.). A d ye for the h., wash for the h., *fucus crinalis. |^p° The Roman ladies used a sort of soap, spuma caustica (Mart. 14, 26), or balls named fm the countries where they were made, pila Batava, Mattiaca, &c. (Mart. 8, 33; 14,27): the root of a h., radix pili: roots of the h., radices pilorum. To drag ahy by his h., qm capillis trahere : like h., specie crinium, &c, in speciem crinium (e. g. factus) ; modo comarum (crinium, &c, Plin. 2, 25, 22): a tuft of h., cirrus : as fine as a h., tenuissimus (i. e. very thin). B|g|r The Roman modes of dressing the h. were comptus (g. t.); comae suggestus (Stat. Silv. 1,2, 114); nodus (if fixed with a pin); corymbium (plaited in a spiral form, and fastened with a pin on one of the temples, Kopi/ju/3or, Kpw/3u\or) ; testudo (in the shape of a guitar or shell, 0. A. A. 3, 147); tutulus (a tie formed of the plaited h. itself, wch was crossed over the fore- head and fixed together; aft. Bottiger's Sabina, 1, p. 131 and 151). HAIRBELL. See Hare-bell. HAIR'S-BREADTH, transversus unguis or digitus (e. g. a qa re ne transversum quidem unguem, or digitum, discedere). To be within a h.-b. of athg ; see in Hair (Prov.). HAIR-BROOM, *scopa? e setis factse ; also prps seta only. HAIR-CLOTH, cilicium (kiXikiov, i. e., a cloth of goat's h.). — pannus e pilis factus or textus. HAIRDRESSER, capitum etoapillorum concinnator (Col. 1, prcef. 5). — tonsor (barber, who dressed the hair of men). — ornatrix (a female slave, whose office was to dress the hair) H^IT A wealthy Roman lady would keep a separate 'ornatrix' for each peculiar fashion of head-dress ; see Bottiger's Sabina, 1, p. 151. ggl^ ciniflo or cinerarius was the slave who heated the curl- ing-irons, calamistra, at his mistress's door; see Heind. Hor. Sat. 1. 2, 98, p. 49. HAIRLESS, a) Em old age or by nature, calvus (opp. capillatus, comatus); sine pilo or sine pilis. pilo carens (fm nature); pilis defectus (fm old age, Phadr. 5, 7, 2) ; calvatus (fm the hair falling off) ; imberbis (without beard): to b* h., pilo carere (fm nature); cal- vere (also fm age) ; fm nature, naturaliter : a h spot on the head, calvitium (bald spot, not calvities = bald- ness): to become h., calvescere. /3) By artificial means, depilatus (g. t., esply of parts of the body); rasus. tonsus (by means of scissors or razors, opp. intonsus; see To Shave). — glaber (propr., h. fm nature, without hair, like the belly of some animals, opp. pilosus; then also by shaving or pulling out the hair ; also as epithet of favorite slaves of Roman debauchees, who endeavoured to give the latter a girl-like look by it; see Sen. Ep. 47, 5). HAIR-OINTMENT, capillare (g. t. Mart.).— adipes contra capilli defluvium tenaces (to prevent the falling off of the hair, Plin.). ggp° psil5thrum (y, the forepart; compare Schneid. Caton. R. R. 162). A slice of h., frustum pernae. HAMLET, viculus (C. Rep. 1, 2, and L. 21, 33).— parvus vicus. HAMMER, s. malleus. — malleolus (a small h.). H*^" tudes is unusual. — portisculus was an instrument in the shape of a h., with wch the time was beaten in a galley, for the rowers to pull their oars. HAMMER, v. malleo tundere or contundere (g.t.). — malleblo ferire qd (Cccs.).— ducere (to lengthen by beating with a h.). — cudere (to beat fiat). || To forge, procudere (e.g. enses); see Forge. [| Impropr.) To be always hammering at the same point, uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundere (C. de Or. 2, 29, 162). — verberibus inculcare (to h. athg into aby). || To work in the mind, procudere (e. g. dolos, Plant. Pseud. 2, 2, 20): to h. out a scheme, $c, comminisci (e.g. dolum, mendacium). — coquere. concoquere (e.g. consilia). HAMMERER, malleator (Mart.). HAMMOCK, lectus suspensus (Cels. 3, 18, ^- 159, HAMPER, corbis. fiscina. Syn. in Basket. HgjT sirpea or scirpea = the wicker-work of a waggon. HAMPER, v. coartare. in angustias compellere. See To Confine. — implicare (to entangle). — impedire (to hinder, a qa. re, or qare ; rco^in qare). — impedimento esse ci. impedimentum afferre ci rei facienda?.— retar- dare qm (ad qd faciendum ; a qa re facienda; in qa re). To h. oneself, implicari qa. re ; se impedire qa re. To be hampered by athg, implicari or se impedire qa re. se illaqueare qa. re ; by some troublesome business, molestis negotiis implicari ; by a war, bello illigatum esse ; by a suit at law, lite implicari ; in causam de- duct || To clog, to catch with allurements; see To Allure. HAMSTER, *mus cricetus. HAMSTRING, *poplitis nervus (g. t.). HAMSTRING, v. poplites succldere, or femina poplitesque succldere (L.). HAMSTRUNG, succisis feminibus poplitibusque. HAND, manus (as general as the English word, both propr. and impropr, as ' hand' = might, hand-writing, Sfc). A) Phrases, with hand, hands, in nam. or ace. without prepos. The right h., (manus) dextra : the left h., (manus) sinistra or leeva: the hollow of the h., manus cava or concava (wch aby makes, e. g., a beggar, opp. (426) HAN manus plana; see Suet. Oc(. 91) r the fiat h., plana manus (wch aby makes); palma (fm nature): to tie aby's h.'s, ci manus constringere : h.'s and feet, to bind aby h. and foot, quadrupedem qm constringere (Ter. Andr. 5, 2, 24): to use one's h.'s and feet, in qa re uti pugnis et calcibus (see C. Tusc. 5, 27, 77) : to hold o?ie's hands before one's eyes, manum ad oculos opponere : to kiss one's h. to aby, manum labris ad- movere; dextram ad osculum referre (as a mark of respect with the ancients) : to lay one's hand on one's mouth, manum ad os apponere (Ccel. C. Ep. 8, 1,4, hi whispering a secret to aby) : to shake h.'s with aby, dextram jungere cum qo : to shake h.'s, dextram dextrse jungere; dextras jungere: to give or offer aby one's h., ci dextram porrigere (to shake h.'s with, as act of saluting or in promising athg ; see C. Dejot. 3, 8); manus ci dare (to support him in ivalking); manu qm allevare (to lift him up) ; dextram ci tendere (to assist ; g. t., for extending the h. to help aby; also fig. = to offer a helping h. = one's assistance; see C. Phil. 10, 4, 9) ; juvare or adjuvare qm (fig., for the sake of supporting him); manus dare (as a mark of reconciliation) : to give one's h. upon athg, fidem de re dextra dare or dextram fidemque dare, with infin. (as a mark of good faith, or the fulfilment of athg; a pro- mise) : to shake h.'s upon it (in bargaining, fyc), dextram dextrae jungentes fidem obstringere, ut &c. (reciprocally of two persons) : to hold or stretch out one's hand to receive an alms, cavam manum asses porrigenti praebere : to lift up one's hands (e. g. to heaven), manus tollere (as a mark of gratitude towards the gods, or astonish- ment) ; manus (supplices) ad coelum tendere (as suppli- cant ; seeHerz. Sail. Cat. 31, 3, where it is proved that the phrase was in common use): to stretch out one's h.'s to aby, tendere manus (supplices) ad qm, or ci simply (as supplicant, vobis supplex tendit manus patria communis) : to attempt to lay h.'s on athg, manus ten- dere ad qd or porrigere in or ad qd (e. g. in alienas possessiones, ad pecora); on another's property, manus afferre or adhibere alienis bonis ; manus porrigere in alienas possessiones (opp. manus abstinere alieno, ab alieno abstinere cupiditatem aut manus). To guide aby's h. (in writing), scribentis manum manu super- imposita regere (Q. 1, 1, 27) : to hold aby's h. (to prevent him fm writing), scribenti manum injicere (see Veil. 2, 41, 1): to lay or place one's h. before or on athg, manum apponere or apponere ad (e. g. app. ad os, opp. ad oculos) : to lay h. to athg, manus admovere ci rei (e. g. Suet. Vesp. 8, ruderibus purgandis primus manum admovit); aggredi qd or ad qd faciendum : to put the last or finishing h. to athg, extremam or sunniiam manum imponere ci rei or in qa re (V.jEn. 7, 573; Se?i. Ep. 12, 4; Q. \,procemA); manus extremaaccedit operi (C): to lay h.'s on aby, ci manus afferre, admovere, in- jicere ; ci vim afferre ; ci vim et manus injicere : to threaten to lay h.'s on aby, manus ci intentare or in qm: to lay violent h.'s on oneself, manus sibi afferre (see 'to commit Suicide'). To have one's h.'s free in athg, liberius mihi est de qa re (Ccel. ap. C. Fam 8, 6, 1); mihi integrum est; to do this ... or that, aut ... aut (C. Att. 4, 2, 6) : to leave one's h.'s free, omnia sibi relinquere reliqua. The work requires mani/ h.'s, opus manus multas poscit : works in wch many h.'s are concerned, opera in quibus plurium conatus con- spirat: the clenched h., see Fist: to clap the h.'s, see To Clap: to lend a h., see To Help: fm a sure h. (e. g., to have or know athg), certo or haud incerto auctore: to put one's h. to a writing, nomen suum notare ci rei (g. t., to sign one's name; e. g. epistolae, Flor. 2, 12, 10), or nomen subscribere, also subscribere only ; nomen subnotare ; chirographum exhibere (see Gell. 14, 2): to have a h. in athg. in- teresse ci rei (by personal presence) ; attingere qd (of a business) : to have no h. in athg, cs rei experteivi esse ; partem cs rei non habere ; non contulisse ad qd (not to have contributed to athg): h. to h., cominus (e.g. pugnare) : aby is aby's right h. man, qs cs est dextella (C, playfully) : to try one's h. at athg, tento or experior, quidpossim: to get the upper h., superiorem esse : to be h. arid glove with aby, familiaritate arta, maxima or intima, cum qo conjunctum esse; in cs intimam amicitiam pervenisse ; vivere cum qo ; in familiaritate cs versari : a steady h. (of a surgeon), manus strenua, stabilis (Cels., not firma). Folded h.'s, digiti pectinatim inter se implexi, B) Phrases with hand, hands, governed by a Prepos. To escape fm aby's h 's, cs manus effugere (not to allow oneself to be caught); elabi de or e cs manibus (to escape, after being caught): to lead aby by HAN the h., qm manu tendens perduco qo (e. g., into the tenate, in senatum) : to carry in one's h., manu gerere : to hold in one's h., (in) manu tenere : to have in one's h.'s, in manibus habere (also fig., e. g., the victor?/, victoriam); in manibus gestare (propr., to carry in one's h.) : to carry aby in one's h.'s, in manibus ges- tare qm (propr.); qm habere in manibus (also fig., as C. ad Div. I, 9, lo). To sit with one's h.'s folded (Prov.), compressis, quod aiunt, manibus sedere : a bird in the h. is worth two in the bush, multum differt in arcane positum sit argentum, an in tabulis debeatur (C.) : to take aby by the A., prensare qm (as a suppliant). To eat out of aby'sh. (of animals), e cs manu vesci: to let an animal eat out of one's h., de manu ci praebere cibum et aquam : to put out of one's h.'s, de manibus ponere or deponere : to fall, drop, or slip, out of or fm one's h. 's, exctdere e manibus; delabide manibus. f§*g° elabi de or e manibus is incorrect in this sense. To let alhg fall nut of one's h.'s, emittere e or de manibus, or manibus only; dimittere de or e manibus: not to let athg go out of one's h.'s, qd non dimittere e manibus; fm one h. to the other, de manu in manum ; e manibus in manus ; per manus ( fm h. to h.): to be at h., sub manibus esse (to be near, of persons; see Plane. C. Ep. 10, 23, 2); ad manum or prae manibus esse (of things; Gell. 19, 8, si Caesaris liber prae manibus est); ad manum or prae manu esse (to be in store, e. g. of money ; see Ruhnk. Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23): to have at h., ad manum habere (e. g. servum) ; prae manu habere (of things, e. g. of money; Ulp. Dig. 13, 7, 27): to be always in h., multum in manibus esse (e. g., of a news- paper, book) ; by a third h., per alium : to carry away in one's h.'s, inter manus proferre (e.g., earth for a mound, aggerem) : with something in one's h., qd manu gerens (i. e., carrying in one's h., e. g., a stick, bacu- lum), or cum qa re only (with athg, i. e., provided or furnished with it, if it is obvious that aby carries the thing he is said to have in his h.; e. g., to stand by with a stick in one's h., cum baculo astare : / saw a silver Cupid with a lamp in his h , vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade). H. in h., amplexi : to go h. in h., amplexos ire (e. g. ad templa) : the Graces h. in h. with the Nymphs, junctae Nymphis Gratiae (t): to conquer aby sword in h., qm manu superare (opp. incendio conficere ; see Np. Alcib. 10, 4) : to take in one's h., in manum (manus) sumere ; in manum ca- pere (see To Take, for Syn. of sumere and capere) : no one takes this book in his h., hunc librum nemo in manus sumit : to see the victory already in aby's h.'s, jam in manibus videre victoriam : to see athg in aby's h.'s, qd in cs manu conspicere (e. g. librum in manu amici) : lo get athg into one's h., qd in manum accipere (e. g. puerum) : to get or fall into aby's h.'s, incs manum venire, pervenire (propr. and impropr.) ; in cs manus incldere (fig., if unexpectedly): to fall into the wrong h.'s, in alienum incidere (e. g., of a letter ; C. Alt. 2, 20, 5) : to give aby a trifle in h. (to go on with, or to defray his expenses), dare ci qd paullum prae manu, unde utatur (Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 23) : to seem to be in aby's h.'s ( = power), in cs manibus esse videri : the state is in the h.'s of the great people or the aristo- cracy, respublica apud optimates est : athg is in my h.'s, or I have athg in my h.'s, qd in mea manu or in mea potestate est or positum est : the decision of the matter is entirely in your own h.'s, hujus rei potestas om- nis in vobis posita est : to feed an animal with one's own A., qm cibare manu sua (Suet. Tib. 72) : with h.'s and feet, manibus et calcibus (propr., e.g. qm conscindere): hold your fortune fast with both h.'s, fortunam tuam pressis manibus tene : with a liberal h., plena manu (e. g., to distribute athg, projicere qd) : to die in aby's h.'s, inter manus cs exspirare (g. t.); inter manus sublevantis exstingui (t. e., of one who is raising his head) : in cs complexu embri (in aby's arms) : on the right, left h., ad dextram, ad sinistram: (at) right and left (h.), dextra laevaque : fm h. to h., per manus (e. g. tradere) : the matter now in h. is, res, de qua agitur (i. e., athg is the principal point of any question; less cmly agitur qd): to die or fall by aby's h.'s, a qo occisum esse, &c. : to receive athg at the h 's of aby, a qo qd accipere, &c. : to live by one's h.'s, operas (fabriles, &c.) praebendo vitam tenere ; B^IT tometimes also with ' manus ' : the tradesmen (mecha- nics) and the peasantry live entirely by their h.'s, opificum agrestiumque res fidesque in manibus sitae sunt : / am tiring by my h.'s, opera mini vita est (Ter. Phorm 2, 3, 1G, wch Bentley, without necessity, has changed into ' in opere') : to live by the work of one's h.'s, manuum mercede inopiam tolerare : under-h., see Clandestinely. Off-h., subito. ex tempore (e. g., lo (427) HAN speak ; opp. parate, cogitate dicere) ; inconsulte. incon- siderate or parum considerate (in an off-h., = incon- siderate, way). — sine ulla dubitatione. sine dubitatione (without hesitation). — extemplo. e vestigio (immediately, vid.). — On the other h., rursus. rursum (av, alOis; cf. Klotz. Tusc. 1, 17, 40, p. 50, sq. g§J°ex altera parte not good). — contra (when what is stated is the opposite of a preceding statement ; e.g. ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati, &c). — As on the one h. ... so on the other, fyc, ut ... ita. On the one hand ... on the other hand, et ... et (as well ... as). — pars ... alii (the one part or parts ... the others). — partim ... partim ( partly ... partly, but only in case of a real division). || Hand of a watch, gnomon (^viopwv, of a dial). — virgula horarum index (aft. Plin. 18, 37, 67). || Poiver, see under Hand, above. \\ Manner of writing, manus (A.). — litera, cmly pi. literae (writing): a clear h., literulae clarae et compositae (very clear, clarissimae et compositissimae) : a neat h., literae lepidae : to write a good h., bene scribere (g.t.); lepida manu literas facere (aft. Plaut. Pseud. 1, 1, 28) : to write a plain h., literate scribere : letters written with a trembling h., vacillantes literulae : to imitate aby's h., cs chirogra- phum imitari : to know aby's h. and seal, cs signum et manum cognoscere : the letter is in aby'sh., epistola est cs manu (e. g. librarii, C.) : I was glad to see A.'s h., since it was so much like your own, Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad simili- tudinem tuae literae : a writing in one's own h., chiro- grSphum ; literae autographae (post- Aug.). HAND, v. || To give with the hand, in manus dare. — porrigere (to reach ; see also the Svn. in ' To Give over, up'). || To lead by the hand, qm manu tenens perduco; or ducere only. || To hand round, circumferre (to carry round) ; distribuere (to give out); circummittere (to send round). — 1| To hand over, see To Give. \\ To hand down, e.g., a custom is handed down by aby, tradita est consuetudo a qo : to h. down to posterity, posteris tradere or prodere (g. t.); Uteris custodire (if in writings). HAND-BARROW, ferculum. HAND-BASKET. See Basket. HAND-BELL, tintinnabulum (g. t.). HAND-BILL, scheda. schedula (g. t., for slip of paper). — positus prop&lam libellus (if posted up). — tabulae auctionariae (with ref. to public sale). — titulus (bill posted on a house for sale). To post h.-b.'s, libellum proponere; (of an auction), auctionem proponere or proscribere. HAND-BOOK, prps enchiridion. HAND-BOW. See Bow. HANDBREADTH, palma: as adj., palmaris. HANDCUFF, s. minfea. HANDCUFF, v. mantcas ci injicere or connectere (both Plaut.); manus mamcis restringere (Appul.). HANDED (e. g., right, left). To be left-h., sinistra manu esse agiliore ac validiore (Suet. Tib. 68) : one that is left-h., sceevola: both right- and left-h., manu non minus sinistra quam dextra promptus (Cels. 7, prcsf. p. 409, Bip.). HANDFUL, pugnus. pugillus (as much as the hand can hold; e.g., a h. of salt, pugnus salis ; of corn, pugillus farris ; but manipulus = fasciculus ma- nualis = a bundle wch may be grasped round with the hand ; e. g. fceni, of hay ; lini, of flax) : a h. of people, parvus or exiguus numerus; exigua manus (a small troop) : a h. of persons or soldiers wch aby has with him to join the undertaking, paucitas (see Np. Dat. 7, 3 ; Pelop. 2, 3). HAND-GALLOP, Crcl., e.g., to be going at a h.-g., ♦habenas paulum remisisse ; *laxioribus habenis equi tare, &c. HAND-GRENADE. See Grenade. HANDICRAFT, opera (opp. ars; see C. Off. 1, 42, 150. L. 1, 56). gggf It may also, in certain cases, be turned by 'manus'; e.g. manuum mercede inopiam tolerare (to gel a living by a h.). HANDICRAFTSMAN. See Artificer, Manufac- turer. HANDILY. See Dexterously. HANDINESS. See Dexterity. HANDIWORK. See Handy-work. HANDKERCHIEF, sudarium (propr., for wiping n ff perspiration, but used for all the purposes of our pocket-h. ; orarium and muccinium belong to the mid. ages). — linteolum (small linen cloth, Plaut.). To hold a h. before one's eyes, sudarium ante faciem obten- dere : to put a h. to one's face, sudarium ad os appli- care. \\ Neck-handkerchief, focale. HANDLE, v. tractare (in all the meanings of the HAN Eng. verb; e.g., 1, with ref. to the sense of touch; opp. gustare, olfacere, audire : 2, to manage or wield weapons, instruments, $c, arma, tela, fila lyrae, &c. : 3, to deal with or behave to a person, qm injuriosius tractare, to h. him roughly : 4, to treat a subject, popo- scit, ut haec ipsa quaestio diligentius tractaretur, should be more carefully handled). — attrectare. contrectare. pertrectare (to touch) ; also with manibus. — tangere, tentare, both with and without digitis. tactu explorare (to feel, for the sake of finding out). || To treat, tractare ; see ' to Behave.' To ft. aby roughly, inju- riosius qm tractare (C.) ; aspere or contumeliose invShi in qm (of abuse); aspere qm habere or tractare; aspe- rum esse in qm ; qm acerbe atque dure tractare ; durum esse in qo: how I handled the Rhodian! quo pacto Rhodium tetigerim! (Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 30.) HANDLE, s. manubrium (of an instrument; e.g., of a knife, a hatchet, fyc). — capulus (of a sword, a sickle, #c.).— ansa (of a cup, or of vessels in general ; also of a door, ostii, &c). — chelonium (broad, curved h. for drawing or turning various machines; Vitr. 10, 1, 2). With a ft. to it, manubriatus ; ansatus. || Im- propr.) ansa. To give a ft. to athg, occasionem prae- bere, or ansam dare or praebere (cs rei or ad qd facien- dum). HAND-MAID. See Maid. HAND-MILL, mola versatilis or trusatilis (Plin. 36, 18, 29; Cato R. R. 10, 4, and 11, 4).— fistula serrata. fistula ferraria (a sort of mill with indented wheels, similar to our coffee-mills ; Plin. 18, 10, 23; Cato R.R. 10, 3). To turn a h.-m., molam trusatilem circumagere. HAND SAW, lupus (defined by Pallad. 1, 43, 2, by serrula manubriata). HANDSEL. See Earnest, s. HANDSEL, v. prps auspicari qd (aft. Rom. no- tions). HANDSOME, pulcher (g. t., whether of ideal or material beauty, opp. turpis, of persons or things ; e. g., boy, town, dress, face, deed). — formosus (well-shaped, relates to the external form of a person, less cmly of things, as used by Sen. Ep. 87, 5, domus formosa ; opp. deformis). — speciosus (good looking; it denotes a higher degree of beauty than formosus, opp. turpis).— venustus (charming, either fm natural or artificial grace or beauty; e. g., girl, face, garden). — bellus (pretty, of persons and things; e.g., girl, story, place, fyc). — amcenus (pleasant, cheerful; in sober prose, of scenery only). — elegans (tasteful, elegant; e.g. form, tone, poet, %c). — egregius. eximius (distinguished; e.g., deed, face): very ft., perpulcher; perelegans. || Generous, considerable, vid. HANDSOMELY, pulchre. venuste. belle, elegan- ter. suaviter. bene, egregie. eximie. praeclare. Syn. in Handsome. || Generously, liberally, vid. HANDSOMENESS. See Beauty. HAND-WRITING. See Hand = hand-writing. HANDY. See Clever, Dexterous, Convenient, Fit. HANDY-BLOWS. See Blow. HANDY-WORK, opera (opp. ars ; see C. Off. 1, 42, 150; L. 1, 56). HANG, v. || Trans.) athg on athg, suspendere qd ci rei or (de, a, ex) qa re : to ft. down one's head, one's ears, demittere labra, aures or auriculas (also fig. for * to be low spirited '). || Impropr.) To ft. with wreaths and roses, sertis redimire et rosa : to h. the walls of a room with pictures, tabulis cubiculi parietes vestire ; cubiculum tabellis picturarum adorare : to ft. a room with tapestry, *conclavis parietes tapetibus ornare. || To execute by hanging, to ft. a malefactor, affigere qm patibulo; arbori infelici suspendere qm (by a rope, reste) : to be hanged, suspendio interimi : to ft. oneself, se suspendere ; suspendio vitam finire or amittere ; suspendio perire : to ft. oneself on a fig-tree, se suspendere de or e ficu : to drive aby to ft. himself, ad suspendium adigere, ad laqueum compellere qm. Go and ft. yourself ! sume restim et suspende te ! abi in malam rem ! or i tu hinc, quo dignus est ! (Com.) HANG, Intrans.) pendere (propr. and fig.), on or fm athg, a (de, ex, in) qa re. — dependere (propr., to A. down ; both pend. and depend, denote the hang- ing loose fm a fixed point, without a support under the thing) ; fm athg, (de, ex) qa re : to h. fm the ceiling of a room, dependere de laquearibus, de camera (e. g., a lamp, fyc): to ft. by a rope, laqueo dependere: to h. over, fyc, imminere (e. g. urbi, &c. ; of a mountain, S;c. ; for fig. meaning, see Impend). To ft. down over the shoulders, humeros tegere (to cover them; of the hair, fyc): to ft. upon aby's mouth ( = drink in his words), pendere ab ore cs : to ft. upon athg ( = cling (428) HAP to it), adhaerescere ci rei or ad qd (see Lat. Diet); upon aby, pendere de qo (H. t). || Prov., To ft. by a thread, (tenui) filo pefldere (Enn., O.). Hang back, gravari (to hesitate). — tergiversari (to make excuses in order to evade a request). Jn. cunc- tari et tergiversari. To A. b. in doubt, see ' to be in Suspense.' Hang forwards or over, propendere. — prominere (to be prominent). — projectum esse (of rocks, promon~ tories, fyc). Hang from, Hang down, dependere. See Hang (intrans.), above. Hang loose (of garments), discinctum esse (of the person whose garments ft. I.). — laxum esse (of the garment itself). Hang on. See in Hang. Hang out, Trans.) demittere ex qa re (a flag; see Flag). — 1| Intrans ) e. g., his entrails were all hang- ing out, intestina ejus prolapsa atque evoluta sunt. Hang over. See To Impend. HANGER, machaera (prce- and post-Class.). — culter venatorius (huntsman's knife, see Sword). HANGER-ON, assScla. canis cs. Aby's h.'s-on, canes cs, quos circa se habet (C. Verr. 2, 1, 48, his hungry dependents). HANGING, s. || Suspension, suspendium. For ' to deserve ft.,' see Gallows. || Han ging s, tapes, etis, m. (T«7r>ir), or Latinized, tapetum. ggf° ' tapetes' of the ancients were generally shaggy, with figures worked in them, with wch both the walls and the floor were covered. HANGING, adj. pensilis. pendulus (e. g., horti pens.). — flaccidus (e.g. aures). — dependens (ft. down). H. ears, fiaccidae praegravantesque aures. HANGMAN, carnifex.— exactor supplicii. See Exe- cutioner. HANK, *glomus serici. HANKER (after). See To Long for. HAP or HAP-HAZARD, s. See Chance, For- tune. HAP. See Happen. HAPLESS. See Unfortunate. HAPLY. See Perhaps. HAPPEN, cadere. accidere (to come to pass, of that wch occurs by chance; mly of unlucky events, but also of happy ones; accid. sometimes with the addition o/casu). — contingere (of occurrences that are wished for, and happy events). — evenire (to come forth, happen, result ; of cause and effect). — usu venire (of facts wch aby experiences. |g§|r Not usu evenire; see Gerhard. C. Cat. Maj. 3, 7 ; Bremi, Np. Hannib. 12, 3).— fieri (to be done). Cases or events will ft., incidunt causae, tempora ( ISP" contingunt casus not Lat). It happened that fyc, forte evenit or casu accidit, ut &c. : to ft. to men- tion athg, in mentionem cs rei incidere : as it generally ft.'*, ut fit. HAPPILY. See Fortunately. To live ft., feli- citer or beate vivere : virtuously and ft., bene beate- que vivere. HAPPINESS, felicitas (success in one's undertakings, 8fc). — as an abstract .term, always rendered in C. by ' vita beata,' or by Crcl. 'beate vivere;' e. g., the ft. of life consists in virtue only, beate vivere est una positum in virtute, or omnia, quae ad beatam perti- nent, in una virtute sunt posita ; compare C. de Fin. 2, 27, where we find several similar periphrases. The words ' beatitas' and 'beatitudo,' although formed by C. himself, N. D. 1, 34, 95, are pronounced by him to be rather harsh, and have not been used by him elsewhere, or by any other writer, and are admissible only in the absence of a more appropriate word, or in a strictly philosophical style. To enjoy everlasting A., beatum sempiterno aevo frui (C. Somn. Scip. 3, in.). I had the ft. to $c., contigit mihi ut &c. HAPPY, beatus (possessing felt happiness, the highest term with ref. to the mind; also of the ft. state of aby; e. g. vita beata). — felix (with ref. to success, prosperity, 8fc, of persons or the things themselves).—- fortunatus (of persons only who seem the favorites of fortune). — prosper (fulfilling a man's hopes and wishes). — faustus (implying Divine favour, 8fc. ; of things felt as a bless- ing: these two only in a trans, sense of what makes A.). {$*££" Cf. synonyms and explanations in Fortunate. To be h., beatum, felicem, fortunatum esse: to be or feel A. ( = rejoice), gaudere. laetari; in athg (i. e., to be glad), gaudere, laetari qa re, de qa re, in qa re: very h., gaudere vehementerque laetari ; see Glad. I am ft. to see you, gratus acceptusque mihi venis ; opportune venis (you come in right time) : I am A. to hear it, hoc lubenter audio. HAR HARANGUE, 8. concio (in an assembly). — allo- quium (the words themselves in wch one addresses aby). He that makes an h., concionans or conciona- bundus. HARANGUE, v. concionari (e. g. apud milites, ad populum, adversus qm, and absol.). HARANGUER, concionans or concionabundus. HARASS, fatigare. defatigare (to weary). — vexare (to tease). — lacessere (to provoke by attacks; often as mil. t., hostes, &c). To h. aby by importunity, qm rogitando obtundere or enecare; qm precibus fatigare; by one's complaints, qm querelis angere : to h. oneself by athq, se frangere qa re (e. g. laboribus). HARASSER, vexator.— lacessitor (very late; Isid. Origg.). HARBINGER. See Forerunner. HARBOUR, s. portus (propr. and fig.).— refngmra. perfugium (fig. asylum) ; Jn. portus et refugium ; portus et perfugium. To be in h., in portu esse or navigare (also fig. for ' to be in safety') : to reach a h., in portum venire or pervenire or perv&hi; portum capere (of ships and navigators; the latter, if with trouble ; also fig. for ' port of rest,' capere portum otii) ; in portum invehi. portum or in portum intrare (of navigators ; the latter also with hostile intent) ; in portum et perfugium pervghi (fig.) : to drive a vessel into h., navem in portum conjicere or compellere: to enter the h. fm the open sea, ex alto in portum invehi : to steer towards the h., portum petere; ex alto por- tum tenere : to be driven to some h., in portum deferri (of vessels and sailors) : to take refuge in some h., confugere in portum (also fig. e. g. in por- tum otii): to sail out of a h., e portu solvere or pro- ficisci or exire: to make a h., portum facere or con- stituere: an island that has two h.'s, cincta duobus portubus insula : a place where many h.'s are met with, portuosus (g. t.). ; portubus distinctus (well fur- nished with ports ; e. g., a country, regio) : without h.'s, importuosus : the mouth of a h., portus ostium; portus ostium et aditus ; portus aditus atque os ; fauces portus. HARBOUR, v. hospitio accipere or excipere qm. hospitio domum ad se recipere qm. hospitium ci prae- bere (to receive into one's house). — in domum suam recipere qm. tecto accipere or recipere qm. tectum praebere ci (to receive under one's roof; accip. as a friend; exc. and rec. as protector, fyc). To be harboured by aby, esse in hospitio apud qm; hospitio cs uti. || To sojourn, see To Dwell, To Sojourn. HARBOURAGE. See Harbour. HARBOURLESS, importuosus. HARBOUR- MASTER, limenarches (\< M evapxn?, Paul. Dig. 11, 4, 4; Arcad. Charis. Dig. 50, 4, 18, § 10). — I$§P° magister portus = receiver of the harbour- duties or fees (see C. ad Att. 5, 15, extr.). HARD, || Propr.) not soft, durus (g. t., e. g. stone, skin, water). — solidus (firm, solid; e. g., wood, iron). — rigidus (that does not bend, brittle). — crudus (still unripe, of fruit, wp.o's). — callosus (as skin, hand, %c). — asper (rough to the taste and touch). — acerbus (rough to the taste) : ralher h., duriusculus : very h., per- durus : h. wood, also robur (propr., wood of the evergreen oak) : a h. cushion, culcita, quae corpori re- sistit : h.-boiled eggs, ova dura ('opp. mollia) : to make alhg h., durare ; indurare. || Impropr.) unplea- sant, agst good taste, durus. asper. ferreus. — horridus (see Harsh) : rather h., duriusculus (e. g., verse). \\ Yielding with difficulty ; hence op- pressive, durus. — molestus (troublesome). — gravis (pressing, heavy). — acer (violent, fyc). — acerbus (harsh). — iniquus (not according to the laws of equity ; hence oppressive, A.). Very h., atrox (fearful). — saevus (furious): a h.-fought buttle, see Hard-fought: h. work, labor gravis or molestus : a h. winter, hiems gravis or acris : very h., hiems atrox or saeva: h. times, tempora dura, gravia, acerba, iniqua, aspera, luctuosa. temporum acerbitas or iniquitas or atrocitas. tem- porum calamitates : a h. rule, imperium grave or ini- quum or acerbum; imperii acerbitas. || Severe, un- merciful, durus. asper. asperi animi (rough). — immitis (not mild). — severus (severe). — acerbus (with- out indulgence). — atrox ( fearful, very h., inhuman ; rather poet.): a h. man, homo durus. vir severitatis durae (inexorable).— homo asper (rough towards those about him). || Difficult, vid. H. to please, difficilis: h. of hearing, surdaster (C. Tusc. 5, 40, 116); to be fyc, graviter audire or gravitate auditus laborare; aures hebetiores habere. HARD, adv. dure, duriter. aspere. acerbe [Syn. in Hard, adj.] : to work h. at athg, multo sudore et labore (429) HAR facere qd; desudare et laborare in re; animo toto et studio omni in qd ineumbere: too h., laboribus se frangere ; laboribus confici : it rains h. ; see To Rain : to drink h., potare. vino deditum esse. HARD BY, adj. 1 „ _ HARD BY, prep.) bee LLOSE - HARD-BOUND. See Costive. HARDEN, durare or indurare qd (e. g. ferrum). — durescere. indurescere. obdurescere (to become or to get hard). To h. the body by work, corpus labore durare : my mind is hardened agst pain, obduruit ani- mus ad dolorem novum ; by athg, qa re (C. ad Div. 2, 16, 1): to h. oneself by work, exercise, se laboribus durare: to have hardened oneself fm one's youth, a par- vulo (of several, parvulis) labori et duritiae studere : hardened, duratus ; patiens laboris : hardened by work in the fields, rusticis laboribus duratus : h. by military exercises, ab usu armorum duratus. HARD-FAVOURED, *crassiore ductu oris; or *cui crassiora sunt oris lineamenta. HARD-FISTED. See Avaricious. HARD-FOUGHT, proelium durum (L. 40, 16); certamen acre ; pugna or prcelium atrox (a very h. struggle) : it was a hard contest, acriter or acerrimo concursu pugnabatur. HARD-HEARTED, durus. animi duri. — ferreus (that has a heart like steel or flint). — immitis (unmer- ciful). — inhumanus (without feeling, inhuman). — asper. asperi animi (rough in behaviour, without indulgence). — inexorabilis. durus atque inexorabilis (inexorable, hard). — immanis. immani acerbaque natura (cruel, of cruel character). — f^ggf dirus, in this sense, is poet. only. To be h.-h., duro esse animo or ingenio. HARD-HEARTEDNESS, animus durus. animi duritas. ingenium durum. — animi rigor (relentlessness). — animi atrocitas (opp. humanitas et misericordia). HARDIHOOD. See Courage. HARDILY. To bring aby up h., in labore patien- tiaque corporis exercere qm. HARDINESS, || Hardihood, vid. || Effron- tery, vid. || Firmness of body, fyc, robur,— corpus laboribus duratum. HARDISH. See 'rather Hard.' HARDLY, || With difficulty, aegre (opp. secure and facile). — vix (scarcely; gUSTVix refers to the action, that was h. accomplished; aegre to the per- son, who with weariness and misgivings, was, after all, near being unsuccessful); Jn. vix aegreque. — non facile (not easily). — male (of whatis but imperfectly done, if at all ; e. g. male cohaerere ; male se continere ; male sustinere arma, &c. ; according to Ruhnk. ad Veil. 2, 47, 2, stronger than aegre and non facile). H., if at all, vix vixque ; vix aut ne vix quidem ; vix aut omnino non : to be h. able to restrain oneself, vix se continere posse ; aegre se tenere. || Scarcely, vix. — fere (aft. negatives). H. aby, vix quisquam ; nemo fere: h. athg, nihil fere; vix quidquam. H. ever, nunquam fere. — gglT // there is an in fin. and a finite verb, the vix should precede the finite verb; thus, dici vix potest, or vix potest dici (not vix dici potest), a) Hardly = only just now, vixdum. vix tandem (|ggp° not vix alone). — tantum quod (not tantum alone).— modo. /3) Hardly .. .when, vix or vixdum .... quum. — commodum or commode . . . quum. — tantum quod . . . quum. I had h. read your letter, when Curtius came to me, vixdum episto- lam tuam legeram, quum ad me Curtius venit. Hir- tius was h. gone when the courier arrived, commodum discesserat Hirtius, quum tabellarius venit. y) N ot only not. . . but hardly, non solum or modo (for non solum or modo non) ... sed vix (e. g. haec ... non solum in moribus nostris, sed vix jam in libris reperiuntur). 6) Hardly ... not to say, vix ... ne- dum ; vixdum ...nedum. e) Hardly, with numerals ; vix (e. g. vix ad quingentos). |g^** In such a sen- tence as, ' I hardly restrained myself, but I did restrain myself,' vix is followed by sed tamen; vix me tenui, sed tenui tamen. )| Harshly, dure, durius. — duriter. — aspere. — acerbe. To treat aby h., aspere qm tractare or habere ; severius adhibere qm : to bring aby up h., dure atque aspere educare qm. HARD-MOUTHED, duri oris (instead of wch, in O. Am. 2, 9, 30, poet, durior oris equus). — tenax contra vincula (+), mly tenax only (not obeying the bridle). HARDNESS, duritia. durities (propr. and impropr. in all relations of the adjective durus ; compare with Hard). — rigor, rigiditas (want or absence of pliability, brittleness, e. g. of iron, wood, Sfc. ; rigor also impropr. of the stiffness of statues, pictures). — asperitas ( aspe- rity, roughness, in all the relations of asper ; see HAR Hard). — acerbitas {bitterness; harsh, oppressive quality, in all the relations of acerbus; see Hard).— iniquitas (oppressiveness, trouble, e. g. of the times ; then unrea- sonable severity of persons). — animus durus. animi duritas. ingenium durum (hard-hear tedness). — severi- tas dura (inexorable severity). — animi atrocitas (inhu- manity, with ref. to the mind, opp. humanitas et mise- ricordia). HARDS, stupa. HARDSHIP, labor (great exertion) — gravis moles- tia (great trouble). — aerumna (tribulation). — miseria (need and misery). To endure all the h.'s of life, labores exanclare. See Trouble. HARDWARE, ferramenta, orum. HARDWAREMAN, negotiator ferrarius (Inscr.). ferramentarius (later only). HARDY, || Inured to fatigue, durus. laboribus duratus. laborum patiens. \\ Brave, vid. HARE, lepus (also as constellation, *lepus timidus, Linn.). A young h., lepusculus : belonging to a h., lepo- rinus : a place where h.'s are kept, leporarium. Fern. lepus femina ; or lepus only, if the gender is denoted by another word, e. g. lepus praegnans (poet, lepus gra- vida). To hunt h.'s, canibus lepores venari. HARE-BELL, *scilla nutans (Linn.). HAREBRAINED. See Inconsiderate, Rash. HAREM, gynaeconitis. gynaeceum (yvva.inwv~i.Ti?, yvvamelov, as the women's apartments). — pellices regiae (the royal concubines). HARE SKIN, pellis leporina. HARK! audi! (hear!) — tace modo! (do hold your tongue !) — silete et tacete (addressed to more than one). — cum silentio animadvertite (listen without speaking). HARLEQUIN, maccus (in the Atellanic games or farces of the Romans; aft. Diom. 488, P.). — sannio (any clown or jester). HARLOT, meretrix. scortum. meritorium scortum (the meretrices and scorta belong to a sort of trade, and live by their earnings, fm wch meretrices derive their name [fm mereri] ; the scorta are a lower sort of mere- trices, like eralpcu, filles de joie. The meretrices are common ; the scorta, lascivious and dissolute. Dod.). A common h., prostibulum. mulier omnibus proposita. scortum vulgare. meretrix vulgatissima : to be a h., vita institutoque esse meretricio. See Prostitute. HARM, s. See Damage, Hurt. There will be no h. in doing athg, (de qa re) nihil nocuerit, si &c. (e. g. si qd cum Balbo eris locutus, C. ; — it will be well to do so). — non inutile erit qd facere. To have done more h. than good, plurima detrimenta ci rei quam adjumenta per qm sunt importata (C. de Or. 1, 9, 38). HARM, v. See To Hurt. HARMFUL, mseroris plenus (of a thing; aft. C. Mur. 9, in.). See Hurtful. HARMLESS, || Inflicting no harm, innocuus (incapable of hurting; aby, ci). — innoxius (not doing harm to or hurting aby). — innocens (not injuring or hurting, not guilty ; all three of persons or things). To be h., non or nihil nocere : who does not know that it is not h. ? quis non intelligit rem nocere or noxiam esse ? || Unharmed, illaesus (post-Aug.). — inviolatus (not harmed by violence or wrong). — integer (without hurt or prejudice to his former state). — salvus. incolumis (safe). — sine damno (without loss). || With ref. to cha- racter, simplex, candidus. — simulationum nescius. HARMLESSLY, innocue (innocently ; e. g. vivere, O.). — innocuo (without doing harm; of a thing; post- Aug. Suet. Bom. 19). — innocenter (innocently ; without guilt). HARMLESSNESS, innocentia (post-Aug., 8?c; e.g. ferorum animalium, Plin. 37, 13, exlr.); or Crcl. with adjj. under Harmless. || With ref. to character, siuiplicitas, &c. HARMONIC, HARMONICAL. See Harmonious. HARMONIOUS, concinens. concors. congruens. Jn. concors et congruens. consonus (harmonizing, being in harmony; opp. absbnus, absurdus). — modu- latus (scientifically divided, modulated; e. g., tone, song, a speech, fyc). || Symmetrical, vid. HARMONIOUSLY, concorditer. congruenter. — mo- dulate. HARMONIZE, concinere. concentum servare. con- sentire (propr.). — concinere or consentire inter se (fig-, of persons). HARMONY, || Propr.) harmonia (appovia), or, pure Latin, concentus, consensus ; sonorum concentus, or concentus concors et congruens ; vocum concordia (in singing). || Impropr.) concordia. — consensus, conspi- ratio et consensus (agreement in manner of thinking, fyc). — unanimitas (e.g. un. fraterna, L., opp. dis- (430) HAR cordia fraterna). To be in h., concinere ; concordare ; consentire (inter se) ; consentire atque concinere ; con- spirare ; with athg, convenire ci rei (e. g. sententiae) : to restore the h. that had been interrupted, qos rursus in pristinam concordiam reducere. For other phrases, see Concord. HARNESS, || Armour, vid. || Of a horse, hel- cium (ZXklov, prob. ' collar;' Appul. Met.9, p. 222, 30, and p. 227, 23).— habenae (reins). HARNESS, v. || Arm, vid. || To put on har- ness. To h. a horse, prps *equum instruere; if for draught, jumentis jugum imponere. HARP, psalterium (\l/a\rfjptov, an ancient instru- ment resembling a h., and adopted by the Christ, writers to express that instrument). To accompany oneself on the h., cantare et psallere ; canere voce et psallere. See Lyre. HARP, v. *psalterio canere; or the g. t. psallere; or fidibus canere (on any stringed instrument). \\ To dwell long and often on a subject, cantilenam eandem canere (Ter.). You are always harping on the same string, cantilenam eandem canis (Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 10); nihil nisi idem, quod saepe, scribis (in a letter); semper ista eademque audio (you always tell me the same tale); uno opere eandem incudem die nocteque tundit (he is always hammering at one subject; C. de Or. 2, 39, mil). HARPER, psaltes (^a\T»7p). HARPOON, s. prps jaculum hamatum. HARPOON, v. *cetos (or cete) jaculo venari. HARPSICHORD, *clavichordium. To play on the h., *clavichordio canere. HARPY, harpyia. HARRIDAN, scortum exoletum (Plant. Poen. Prol. 17), — *anus imptidens; or vetula only (contemptu- ously). HARRIER, canis venaticus (g. t.). — *canis levera- rius (Linn.). To keep h.'s, canes alere ad venandum. HARROW, s. irpex (al. hirpex or urpex, with iron teeth, and drawn by oxen; it is still called ' erpice' in Italy).— crates (a wattled h., to level the ground with; if with teeth for breaking the clods, crates dentata ; called in Italy ' strascino '). |§§§T occa only in Isid., where it is explained by rastrum. The Roman farm- ers also used a malleus for breaking the clods. HARROW, v. occare (both for levelling the ground and breaking the clods). — cratire (for levelling the ground). To sow and h., semen injicere, cratesque dentatas supertrahere : to level the ground by harrow- ing, glebes crate inducta coaequare. || Impropr.) To h. a man's feelings, cs pectus effodere (C); cruciare, excruciare; conscindere or torquere qm (C); excru- ciare qm animi (Plant.).— *acerbissimo dolore afficere cs animum. || Pillage, fyc, vid. HARROWER, occator. HARROWING, occatio (called by the rustics pul- veratio, Col.). The adj. is occatorius. HARRY, v. || Strip, pillage, vid. || Vex, tease, vid. HARSH, || Rough, durus (g. t., not soft; hence not pleasing to the ear, the eye ; of a voice, tone, painting, 8fc; also of poets, painters, fyc, who are guilty of such harshness). — asper (rough ; that wants the proper smooth- ness and elegance, to the hearing and the sight). — fer- reus (of writers whose expression is h.). — horridus, dimin. horridulus (a higher degree of asper). — incon- ditus (h. fm want of smoothing them off, opp. levis). — salebrosus. confragosus (both fig. of rugged style), somewhat h., duriusculus (e. g. a verse) : the expres- sions of Cato were somewhat h., horridiora erant Catonis verba. \\ Rough to the taste, austerus (ava-Ttipos, that makes the tongue dry and rough, not pleasant, sour; opp. dulcis; also fig. e. g. not pleasant ; e. g. labor). — acerbus (that draws the mouth together, disagreeably h., opp. suavis ; esply like 6yu<£a£, of unripe fruits, in respect of the taste; then fig. e. g. that occasions painful sensation). — amarus (bitter, jniipos, opp. dulcis; also fig. e.g. disagreeable, unpleasant; e.g. leges). — asper (propr. rough, and of flavour, = pungent, biting ; then fig. of persons, e. g. that act harshly ; and of things, e.g. that cause sensible pain, opp. lenis). Somewhat h., subausterus ; austerulus : a h. flavour, sapor amarus, austerus, acerbus (in this order, Plin. 15, 27, 32). — || Harsh in sound, absbnus (having a wrong sound). —absurdus (sounding painfully or disagreeably). — vox admodum absbna et absurda (C, as cause and effect). — 1| Harsh = i. e. severe, durus.— asper. asperi animi (rough).— immitis (not mild).— severus (severe, strict). — acerbus (without compassion, not compassionate). — atrox (fearful, inhuman, very severe; rather poet.): HAR o ft. person, homo durus ; vir severitatis durae (of in- exorable severity) ; homo asper (rough to those about him): a ft. reply, *responsum asperum: to give a ft. reply, »asperius respondere or (in writing) rescribere : to write in A. terms, asperius or asperioribus verbis scribere : to speak of aby in very ft. terms, asperrime loqui de qo : to apply a harsher expression to athg, durius appellare qd: not to use a harsher term, ne duriore verbo utar : a ft. punishment, poena gravis or iniqua; supplicium acerbum or acre: to inflict a ft. punishment on aby, to punish aby harshly, graviter statuere or vindicare in qm: ft. in censuring and punish- ing, in animadversione pcenaque durus (of a man): in a ft. manner, see Harshly. HARSHLY, dure, duriter. aspere. acerhe.— graviter (e. g. statuere de qo). HARSHNESS, asperitas (roughness). — acerbitas (bitterness, sour, oppressive nature or quality). — iniqui- tas (oppressiveness, oppressing nature or quality ; e.g., improper severity of a person). H. of character, animus durus, animi duritas, ingenium durum (hardness^ of heart). — severitas dura (inexorable severity). — animi atrocitas (inhumanity of disposition, opp. humanitas et misericordia). — austeritas (prps not prce-Aug. ; of h. to the taste, vini, &c. ; also austeritas nimia, Col. ; also fig. with ref. to colours unpleasantly dark, and to stern strictness of conduct; opp. comitas, Q.). You find no ft. of expression in Herodotus, Herodotus sine ullis salebris fluit. HART, cervus. See Stag. HARTSHORN, cervinum cornu (used by the an- cients for medicines and fumigations ; cf. Cels. 5, 5; 8, 5, 18). — cervinum cornu combustum (as burnt). To prepare ft., cervinum cornu incendere or urere. HARVEST, messis ( propr., the time of ft., and the crops gathered in). — qusestus. fructus (impropr., profit, gain). An abundant ft., messis opima ; ubertas in fructibus percipiendis (abundance of crops). To be engaged in ft., messem facere : h.-work, opera mes- soria: to reap the ft., messem facere (g.t.); metere, demetere (of reaping the corn): no A. was reaped, messis nulla fuerat : to reap a harvest of athg (im- propr.), fructum ex qa re capere, percipere ; fructum cs rei ferre : of applause, gratitude, fyc, laudem, gratiam ferre. HARVEST, v. See 'to reap a Harvest.' HARVEST-HOME, feriae messium (with the an- cients, the time after the harvest, when the husbandman Tested fm his labours, and performed sacred rites). — 2§§|r ambarvalia was the consecration of fields, when an animal was brought and offered for the fruits of the field. HARVEST-MAN, messor. HASH, s. prps minutal (Juv. 14, 129). HASH, v. minutim (or minutatim) incidere (g. t., to cut up very small; Cat. R. R. 123). HASP, fibula.— retinaculum (g. t.). HASSOCK, scirpea matta (0. Fast. 6, 679). HASTE, s. festinatio. properatio. properantia (pro- perare denotes the haste wch fin energy sets out rapidly to reach a certain point; opp. cessare : festinare de- notes the haste wch springs fm impatience, and borders on precipitation. Bod. |g§p° festinantia is late). Jn. celeritas festinatioque. — maturatio (the getting forward with a thing, so as to be ready with it in time). Sts cupiditas (rash h., prompted by desire; e. g., temeri- tatem cupiditatemque militum reprehendit, their ft. to begin the battle; Cces. B. G. 7, 52). To make all pos- sible A., omni festinatione properare (C): anxious ft., trepidatio: in ft., properanter, propere: all possible ft., quanta potest adhiberi festinatio : he returned with all possible haste to Ephesus, quantum accelerare potuit, Ephesum rediit (C.) : a letter written in ft., epistola festinationis plena: to write in ft., properantem or fes- tinantem or raptim scribere : what happens, is pro- duced, 8fc. in A. (and therefore in an irregular manner), tumultuarius (e. g. exercitus) : troops levied in A., exercitus repentinus, or raptim conscriptus, or tumul- tuarius ; milites subitarii: to fortify a place in ft., tumultuario opere locum communire : to march out of the city in ft., ex urbe praecipiti ag.nine agere : excuse ft., ignoscas velim festinationi meae (in a letter). Make ft., move te ocius ! hortare pedes! fer pedem ! confer pedes! (all Com. = off with you! run quickly!) — ita fac venias ! (as a request in a letter ; pray come soon) : there is need of ft., maturato or properato opus est: there is no need of ft., nitiil urget (C.) : with alt possible A., quam ocissime, ventis remis, remis velisque, remigio veloque (with full wind and full sail, proverb., in Com. ; also in C, in epistolary style, when the subject is of (431) HAS coming or going, or travelling). JgHT The notion of haste is often implied in Latin by an intensive verb; as, to come in ft., adventare : to pursue in ft., insectari. To come in ft., citato studio cursuque venire : to go to a place in A., citato cursu locum petere; cursu effuso ad locum ferri (cf. L. 7, 15): to flee in A., praecipitem fugae se mandare ; remigio veloque, quantum poteris, festinare et fugere (Plant. Asin. 1, 3, 5) : with too great ft., praepropere (L. 22, 2); nimis festinanter. To make A., see Haste, v. — Prov. The more A. the less speed, omnis festinatio tarda est (Curt.). — satceleriterfit, quid- quid fit satis bene (C). — *festina lente (aft. the Greek ). HAUNT, s. latibulum (the hiding-place, lair, %c. of a beast). — lustrum (the place where a wild-beast lives; lair, den, fyc. ; also of the dark h.'s or dens of wicked, unclean men). — cublle (g. t. for sleeping-place ; hence, also of ' lair' of wild beasts in a forest, fyc). HAUTBOY; «lituus Gallicus. HAVE, 1) To possess (in a wide sense), habere qd (to be in actual possessiofi of a property, whether material or intellectual, outward or inward; e.g. auc- toritatem, potestatem. See below on tenere). — est mihi qd (earl p.oi ti, for wch if the subject be of the posses- sion of any mental quality, we may say, sum qa re or cs rei, but only when the property has an attributive [ad- jective] with it; see examples in Possess). — qd possi- dere (to possess, also a mental property, 8,c, ingenium, magnam vim, &c). — tenere (to contain within itself physically ; e. g., to h. so many countries, districts [ = contain] ; then also of rulers, generals, or other pos- sessors ; ten. qm locum: to h. the supreme command, ten. summam imperii. Also = ' I have you' i. e. h. caught you tripping; see end of article). — qa re praedi- tum, instructum or ornatum e.sse (to be endued, furnished with alhg ; the latter esply with an agreeable and honorable thing). — inesse ci or in qo. esse in qo (to dwell in aby. as a property; inesse, with dat. in his- torians; S. Cat. 58, 2, 8,-c. ; Np. Ep. 5, 2; with in and abl., Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 14; C. Off. 1, 37, 134, #c.).— affectum esse qa re (to be affected with athg, esply with an evil ; to be in a certain state or condition).— uti qo or qa re (to h. a person who is employed, or thing that is used, to enjoy the use of alhg, can be used only when 'to have' has these meanings; hence it is n*t Lat. to say, ' he had a barber for his father,' patre ususest tonsore [= he employed his father as his barber] for natus est patre tonsore or patrem habebat tonsorem ; nor pa:ria usus est insula N. N. for patriam habebat in- sulain N. N. — iguotis judicibus quam notis uti malle [to prefer having judges who were strangers to him, fyc.] is rigid, he having an object in this; i. e. that of escaping through their ignorance of his character. — he had a frugal man for his father, usus est patre diligenti; see examples with uti below). — valere qa re (to be strong by means of athg, or in athg, e. g. naval power, popu- larity, fyc.).— penes qm est qd (athg is lodged with, or put in, the hands of aby ; e. g. T. Quinctius had the com- mand, sum ma imperii penes T. Quinctium erat). To h. money, troops, ornatum esse pecuma, copiis : to h. great wealth, divitiis or opibus et copiis affluere : to h. children, liberis auctum esse: to h. a great many chil- dren, beatissimum esse liberis : to h. children by a woman, liberos ex qa (ggp°wo< ab qa) sustulisse or suscepisse : to h. a woman for one's wife, habere qm in matrimonio: to h. a^y for one's husband, nuptum esse ci: to h. aby for or as a friend, habere qm amicum ; uti qo amico : to h. a most intimate friend in aby, uti qo familiariter or intime (to h. intimate intercourse With aby) : to have aby for an enemy, infestus est mihi qs: to h. a good (true) friend in aby, habere qm bonum amicum: to h. a stout Jriend or enemy in aby, fortern amicum or inimicum expertum esse qm (both Np. Them. 9, 4) : to h. equal rights (with aby), eodem jure or iisdem legibus uti: to h. a favora'.le wind, success in war, uti ventis secundis, uti proeliis secundis : those whom I had with me, qui erant mecum (g. t. as companions) ; quos habebam mihi ad manum (as help- ers, for support) : I had few (attendants) with me, pauci circum me erant: to h. persons with him, homines circum pedes habere: to a person always about one, qm sibi affixum habere: to h. aby for colleague, part- ner, 8fc, qs socius mihi adjunctus est: to h. a per- son over one, ci subjunctum or subjectum esse : to h. aby (433) HAV under one, ci pneesse or praepositum esse: to h. the enemy before one, e regione hostis (hostium) esse or stare : to long to h. athg, egere qa re : to h. a disease, mcrbo correptum esse : but, to h. a fever, febrem or febrim or (dim.) febriculam habere (C.) : to h. no fever, tebrim non habere ; febri ca ere ; a febre liberari (if thepirson has had it). gggT ' To have,' with substt., esply with abstract substt., is often expressed in Lat. by vrrbs containing the notion of such substt. ; as, to h. pleasure or delight in athg, gaudere or delectari qa re : to h. leisure for athg, vacare ci r i (see the particular substt. with wch 'have' is used). Not to h., carere qa re : to h. enough, nihil ultra flagitare : no longer to h. a parent, parentibus orbum or orbatum or privatum esse: he has enough to live upon, habet qui or unde utatur : athg has something in it, non temere fit; est qd in re momenti ; ci rei subest qd (e. g. a report has something in it). Hence, ' to have,' in a wider acceptation, a) e. g., to h. received: now you h. my plans, habes consilia nostra: you h. it now, hem tibi ! you h. this for your time-serving, hunc fructum refers ex isto tuo utriusque partis studio, b) To have heard, to know ; e. g., to h. athg on good authority, qd certo auc- tore or certis auctoribus cognovisse: 1 h. the informa- tion fm your brother, hoc accepi a fratre tuo; hoc audivi de fratre luo. c) To get, to take, to re- ceive, accipere (of what you deliver over): there you h. the book, accipe librum (as H. Sal. 1, 4, 14, accipe tabu- ias) : here you h. two hundred quires (of paper), tu vero aufer uucentos scapos (C. Alt. 5, 4, 4): there! you h. it! utere, accipe! (as Plant. Mil. 3, 1, 176): new bread may always be had here, semper hie recentis panis est copia: that can easily be had, parabilis. d) to wish or desire to A., i. e. to demand, request, order, wish, de- sire ; e.g. what would you h. ? quid vis? quid pos- tulas 1 what would you h. with me ? quid est, quod me velis 1 I would h, you do so and so, tu velim facias &c. 2) To hold in the hand, to carry or wear on oneself, habere, tenere (to hold), gestare (to carry, bear, wear) : to h. in one's hands, (in) manibus habere or tenere: to h. in the hand (to lead), maim ducere: to h. about, secum habere or portare or gestare; esse cum qa re (e. g. cum telo) : to h. something perpetually in one's mouth (to be continually mentioning it), qd sem- per in ore habere. 3) In connexion with the infin., in va- rious relations, a) The infin. aft. ' I have,' is often equivalent to a relative clause; e.g., ' I have nothing to accuse old age of,'= ' I have nothing, of wch I may accuse old age,' nihil (or non) habeo, quod incusem senectutem ; nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam : / h. nothing to write, non habeo, quod scribam (but in non habeo, quid scribam, habeo would — scio, cognitum or perspectum habeo, / do not know what to write; see Beier. C. Off. 2, 2, 7; Kriiger, 615, Obs. 6) : this is what I had to say, haec habui, quae dicerem ( Hg^" not haec habui dicere, wch is a Gre- cism) : he has nothing to accuse us of, non est, cur nos incuset. b) The infin. aft. ' to have,' is sis equiva- lent to an expression of duly, or rather denotes a task. Here it must be rendered by the parlcp. of the future passive ; as, every one has to employ his own judgement, suo cuique judicio utendum est: I h. many letters to write, multae literae mihi scribendae sunt. In this con- struction, in the consequence of a conditional proposi- tion, ' I would have,' fyc. fuit is more common than fuis- set; e. g. if you had lived, you would h. had to undergo athg, si vixisses, qd tibi subeundum fuit. || To have a thing done, = to get it done, is to be translated by curare, with parlcp. in dus. I had him honorably buried, funus ei satis amplum faciendum curavi. But ffi*^ a person is, as in English, oft. said to do what he really gets done for him ; I will h. you put to death, interficiam te; wishing to h. a ring made, quum vellet annuum sibi faeere || Have = have caught (col- loq.): Ih.you(there)] teneote! or hie te teneo! (colloq. ; e. g. teneote, inquam, nam &c , C Acad. 2, 48, H8; hie te, inquit, teneo ; non est istud judicium pati ; C. Quint. 10, 63). || In answers, 'I hare' is really equivalent to the perfect def. of the verb asking the question ; ' thus have you conquered?' 'I have' = 'I have conquered* vici. // the question is 'have you got it? = 'do you possess it?' the answer will be in the present : h. you got it? tenesne? I h., teneo. HAVEN. See Port. HAVOCK, s. See Destruction, Devastation. HAVOCK, v. See To Destroy; to lay Waste. 2F- HAW HAW, || Berry of the hawthorn, *baca {or bacca) crataegi oxycanthae [Linn.). || E xcrescence in a horse's eyes, prps pterygium (Cels.). HAW, v. See To Stammer. HAWK, s. accipiter. — *faico palumbarius {Linn.). HAWK, v. || To endeavour to force up phlegm with noise, screare {g. t.). — ab imo pul- mone pitultam trochleis adducere (Q. 11, 3, 56). || To sell goods as a hawker, *merces ostiatim vendi- tare. || To hunt with hawks, *falconibus venari. *venationem falconum ope instituere. HAWKBIT, *apargia {Linn.). HAWK-EYED, lynceus. To be h.-e., lynceum esse. See Eagle-eyed. HAWKER. See Pedlar. || A h.'s licence, porto- rium circumvectionis (C. Alt. 2, 16). HAWKING, *ars falconaria. — *venatio falconum ope instituta. HAWKWEED, *hieracium {Linn.). HAWKSBEARD, *crepis {Linn.). HAWTHORN, *crataegus oxycantha {Linn.). HaY, foenum. To make or cut h., fcenum secare, caedere, succidere ; fcenum demetere : to carry h., fcenum percipere; fcenum sub tectum congerere or tecto inferre {if put in a h.-loft or under cover) : to bind h. in bundles, fceni manipulos facere, vincire ; fcenum in manipulos colligare: to cockh., fcenum in metas ex- struere {Col.) : to carry and stack h., fcenum succisum tractare et condere : to turn h., fcenum movere or con- verter (Col.) : to dry h„ siccare: if the h. is stacked when too green, it will take fire, fcenum si nimium suc- cum retinuerit, saepe, quum concaluit, ignejn creat et incendium (i. e. sets the barn, tabulatum, on fire) : it's no use turning the h. when it is wet, (foenum) si perma- duit, inutile est udum movere (Col.): to throw the h. carelessly together, fcenum temere congerere (opp. to making a regular stack, componere). HAY-COCK, fceni meta (if conical).— fceni acervus. To make h.-c.'s, fcenum in metas exstruere. HAY-FORK, *furca fcenaria. HAY-HARVEST, foenisicia. fcenisicium. HAY-LOFT, fcenile.— tabulatum (Col.). HAY-MAKER, fceniseca. fcenisex (the mower). — *qui (quae) fcenum movet, convertit (Col.) or siccat. HAY-MARKET, «forum fcenarium. HAY-RICK. See Hay-stack. HAY-STACK, fceni meta, or meta major (if conical). — fceni acervus. A very conical h.-s., fceni meta, quae in angustissimum verticem exacuitur (Col.). HAZARD, s. See Danger, Risk. HAZARD, v. qd in aleam dare, ire in aleam cs rei (c/. L 42, 59, extr. ; 1, 23, 9).— in dubium devocare qd (e. g. suas exercitusque fortunas, Cces.).— -qd in dis- crimen committere, vocare, deferre, or adducere ; qd discrimini committere. Also dimico de qa re (e.g. de vita, de fama dimico); agitur qd (athg is at stake; e. g. caput, one's life. J&gT seld. agitur de qa re, in this sense) ; versatur qd (e. g. salus mea). To h. so many years of prosperity on the event of a single hour, tot anno- rum felicitatem in unius horae dare discrimen. Some are hazarding their lives, others their glory, alii de vita, alii de gloria in discrimen vocantur. To h. one's life, committere se periculo mortis : the loss of athg, venio in dubium de qa re (Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 35); perklitor qd perdeie (Plin. 7, 44, 55) : to h. it, aleam subire or adire ; se in aleam dare : to h. athg unnecessarily, dare qd in aleam non necessariam (e. g. summam rerum, L.) : to h. a battle, belli fortunam tentare (Cces.). HAZARD ABLE, Crcl. HAZARDER, Crcl. HAZARDOUS. See Dangerous. HAZARDOUSLY. See Dangerously. HAZE. See Fog, Mist. HAZEL, corylus (nopvXos), or pure Lat., mix avel- lana. || As adj. colurnus (made of hazel). HAZEL-NUT. .See Hazel. HAZEL-WOOD, coryletum. HE, is implied in Lat. by the form of the verb, and in most cases sufficiently so. But if a particular emphasis is to be laid on it, it is usual to employ the demonstra- tive pronoun ille, or, with ref. to a third party, iste ; and if he is = he himself, the master, $c, it is rendered by ipse (see Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 2, 2. 23) ; e. g. they say that the Pythagoreans used to answer, 'h. hath said it,' Pythasoraeos ferunt respondere solitos, Ipse dixit. The pronoun is also expressed when two actions of the same person are contrasted. Is is used ( ) ) of a person spoken of by name before (e. g. Polemarchus est Murgentinus, vix bonus atque honestus. Is quum (434) HEA &c); and (2) as the simple unemphatic antecedent to qui; he who, is qui (often, qui only; and in general propositions, si quis). Jlggr What has been just said, refers only to' he' in the nominative ; for the other cases a demonstrative pronoun must be used, except where it is sufficiently implied by the context. — Also for 'he,' 'him,' fyc, when = ' a person, 7 the Latins use homo ; as, do you know him ? nosti hominem ? I love him very ■much, valde hominem diligo. In the ace. with infin. ' he' must be translated by se ('that' being omitted). In oblique narration (to wch the construction of ace. with infin. belongs, when the principal verb and the in- fin. have the same subject), 'him,' fyc, is translated by sui, sibi, se, when the person so designated is the nam. of the principal sentence ; by ipse for the nom., und where the use of the reflexive would occasion an ambiguity ; e. g. putat hoc sibi nocere: Gajus contemnebat divitias, quod se felicem reddere non possent. Sts there are also persons spoken of, and others spoken to. These must be denoted by is, hie, ille. Legationi Ario- vistus respondit ; si quid ipsi a Caesare opus esset, sese ad eum venturum fuisse ; si quid ille se velit, ilium ad se venire oportere (here the speaker, Ariovistus, uses ipse and sui of himself ; and having first named Ccesar, the person spoken of, he afterwards desig- nates him by is and ille). So, too, if he had spoken to Ccesar, the direct, si quid mini a te opus esset would become si quid sibi (or ipsi) a Caesare (or ab eo, ab illo) opus esset, &c. But even of the speaker himself, the demonstr. 'is* is sts found; Socrates respondit, sese meruisse . . . ut ei victus quotidianus in Pry- taneo publice praeberetur (C. Or. 1, 54). See His. HEAD, v. primum locum obtinere (g. t., to stand at the h. of athg). — in prima acie versari. primam aciem obtinere (to be placed in the first rank of an army). — exercitui praeesse (to command an army).— principem cs rei esse, principatum cs rei tenere. principem cs rei locum obtinere (to be the first in il). — caput cs rei esse (to be the head of it). To h. an embassy, principem legatorum esse ; principem legationis locum obtinere ; a party, principem factionis esse ; principatum factio- nis tenere; a conspiracy, principem or caput conjura- tionis esse: to offer to h. athg, ducem se offerre or se addere : to h. a party or cause, causae cs ducem et quasi signiferum esse. HEAD, caput (g. t. ; also for any upper part, whether round or not; and metonym. the whole person or animal itself, esply in enumerations and in divisions; lastly, also, so far as the h. is considered the seat of life, for life itself). — caciimen (the highest point of a thing).— \>u\\a (a thick upper part of a thing ; e.g. of a nail, clavi). The front of the h., back of the h., capitis pars prior, pars aversa; theback also occipitium. One who has a large h., capito : fm h. to foot, a capillo usque ad ungues ; a ves- tigio ad verticem ; a vertice ad talos (poet.); a vertice, ut aiunt, ad extremum unguem ; ab unguiculo ad capillum summum ; ab imis unguibus usque ad verti- cem summum or ad capillos summos (all proverbially ; H^fT for wch no Latin ever said a capite ad pedes or ad calcem) : to contemplate or survey aby fm h. to foot, qm totum oculi?> perlustrare : the wine gets into my h., vino incalesco : my h. is full, multa simul cogito (/ have many thoughts at the same time in my h.) ; mul- ta me sollicitant or sollicitum habent (there are many things wch trouble me) ; multa negotia per caput saliunt (many kinds of business claim my attention; H. Sat. 2, 6, 33): to shave aby's h. close, caput ad cutem tondere (Cels.): it will also be well to have his h. shaved close, neque inutile erit caput attonsum (Cels.) : to carry athg on one's h , qd repositum in capite susti- nere (C. ; of the Canephorce). A congestion of blood in the h., implementum capitis (Coel. Tard. 1, 5). Aby is placed with his h. leaning back on aby's lap, qs collo- catur sic aversus, ut in gremium cs caput resupinus effundat (Cels.). To be over h. and ears in debt, aere alieno obriitum or demersum esse; plane perditum esse aere alieno (C); animam debere (Com.): twenty- five h. of cattle, grex xxv capitum (of oxen ; but of sheep, ovium must be used) : to pay for athg with one's h., capite luere qd : to lose one's h., supplicio capitis or summo supplicio affici, securi perctiti or feriri (to be executed ; the former g. t., the latter with the axe; ggp" capite minui, caput perdere are not Lat.). To get, athg out of one's h., cogitationem de re abjicere; non amplius cogitare de re : / wish you cotild get this out of your h., abducas velim animum ab his cogita- tionibus : write whatever comes into your h., quicquid tibi in mentem veniet, scribas velim. In order that the odium of the unsuccessful treatment might not fall HEA on his A., ne in ipsius caput panim prosperae curationis eventus rectdat : the blood of the slain is upon your h., * Manes caesorura poenas a te repetunt: may that be upon their k.'s, quod illorum capiti sit. i" don't know whether I am standing on my h. or my heels, non, edepol, nunc, nbi terrarum sim, scio (Plaut.). To carry one's h. high; see ' to be Proud.' — || Me- mory, memoria : a good h., memoria tenax : a bad h., immemor ingenium {with ref. to studies) : to retain alhg in one's h., qd memoria tenere. || Mental talents, ingenium. mens; see Intkllect ($*j£T never caput). He has a good h. for his studies, qs ingenio est docili : a bad h., immemor ingenium (C.) : aby has a good h., ingenium ci non deest ; ingenium cs non absurdum est. |i The most important person, the chief, caput (g. t.). — princeps (the principal, most dignified, whom the others take as a pattern). — coryphaeus (one that gives the tone, Kopucpalos ; only C. N. D. 1, 21, 59, as an ex- pression ofPhilo's, who used to call Zeno coryphaeus Epi- cureorum).— dux (a leader). Jn. dux et princeps. — auc- tor (by whose advice athg is undertaken). Jn. dux et auctor. — caput, signifer. fax (the h. of a party or con- spiracy, leader in a tumult). The h. in a civil war (he who gave the signal for rising), tuba belli civilis (C Fam. 6, 12, 3). The h. of a conspiracy, caput conjuratorum ; princeps conjurationis : the h.'s of the town, of the stale, capita rerum or rei publicae ; principes civitatis : the h.'s of the people, capita or principes or primores plebis. || H.'s or tails, capita aut navim (a gold coin was thrown up, and it was then seen whether the 'head of Janus' or the 'ship' s -beak' fell uppermost ; Macrob. Sat. 1,7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3). Neither h. nor tail, nee caput nee pedes (i. e. without beginning or end, of a tale, %c; C. Fam. 7, 31; cf. Plaut. Asin. 3, 3, 139; Cat. ap. L.Epit. lib. 53). HEAD-ACHE, dolor capitis, gravitas capitis (Plin. 27, 12, 105). Continual h.- a. 's, longi or assidui capitis dolores : I haveh.-a.'s, capitis dolores habeo ; capitis do- loribus laboro ; caput mini dolet : to get ah. -a., *capitis dolore or doloribus affici : to be afflicted with h.-a.'s, capitis doloribus conflictari: to be troubled with vio- lent and continued h.-a.'s, vehementibus et assiduis capitis doloribus premi : the sun causes h.-a.'s, sol capi- tis dolorem facit ; sol capiti dolorem affert. HEAD-BAND. See Fillet. HEAD-DRESS, capitis ornatus (aft. 0. A. A. 3, 135). — comae ornatus (ib.). HEADINESS, || Rashness, %c, vid. fl Obsti- nacy, vid. HEADLAND. See Cape, Promontory. HEADLESS, Propr.) capite carens. sine capite. The Blemycc are h., Blemyis capita absunt. || Im- propr.) See Inconsiderate, Rash. HEADLONG, adj. praeceps (also in the sense of rash, precipitate ; e.g. consilium, mens. In this sense, Jn. praeceps et effrenatus [e. g. mens], praec. et imma- turus [e. g. consilium] ). To fall h., praecipitem ferri (impropr. ; C). A man of h. courses, homo in consiliis praeceps et devius (C.) : to rush h. to one's destruction, in praeceps ruere ; ad pestem ante oculos positam pro- ficisci. HEADLONG, adv. Mly by adj., praeceps. — raptim (in a hurried manner). To fly away h., praecipitem abire or praecipitem se fugae mandare : to fall h. in the mud, ire praecipitem in lutum (per caput pedesque; Catull. 17, 9). HEAD-MONEY. See ' Capitation lax.' HEAD-PIECE. See Helmet. || Intellect, vid. HEAD-QUARTERS, principia castrorum (among the Romans a large open space in the camp, where stood the general's tent, praetorium, and that of the tribunes). — *praetoris castra. HEADSHIP, principatus. princeps locus. See Head. HEADSMAN. See Executioner. HEADSTALL, prps frontalia (pi.; ornament for a horse's forehead; L. 37, 40, 4). HEAD-STONE (of the corner), lapis angularis. || Grave-stone, vid. HEADSTRONG. See Obstinate. HEADY, \\ Rash, violent, demens. inconsidera- tus. temerarius. in consiliis praeceps et devius. See Rash. || Apt to get in the head (of wine). To be h., caput tentare (Plaut.). HEAL, || Propr.) See To Cure. || Impropr.) To h. a fallen state, sanare aegram rempublicam or aegras reipublicae partes ; mederi afflictae reipublicae : aby is employed to h. the diseases of the state, qs ad reipublicae curationem adhibetur (by aby, a qo, aft. L. 5, 3) : to h. athg by any application, ci rei or saluti cs rei remedio (435) HEA qo subvenire : to h. athg by one's advice and words, ci rei medicinam consilii et orationis suae afferre (C). HEALER, medicus, or Crcl. qui sanat &c, or qui medicinam ci rei attulit (impropr.). g^T sanator (Paul. Not.). HEALING, adj. medicatus. medicamentosus (en- dowed with h. powers). — salutaris. salubris, &c. The h. art, ars medendi, ars mediclna; wz/^medicina only. — salutaris ars or professio (these two objectively). — scien- tia medendi or medicinae (subjectively, as theoretical knowledge). To profess the h. a., medicinam exercere, facere, iactitare, profiteri. H. powers, vis medendi (aft. T. Ann. 15, 34, extr.). H. springs, aquae medi- catae or medicas salubritatis. The h. virtues of a spring, salubritas medica fontis. HEALING, s. sanatio.— curatio (treatment, without ref. to its success).— vis medendi. The art of h., see ' the healing art.' To be employed for the h. of a disease, ad curationem cs morbi adhiberi. HEALTH, sanitas (state of freedom fm disease). — valetudo (if by itself, it is mostly, fm context, = good h., wch is bona, prospera, firma valetudo). To take care, or some care, of one's h., valetudini parcere ; valetu- dinem curare ; valetudini tribuere qd ; habere rationem valetudinis; dare ope ram valetudini. To take great care of one's h., valetudini suae servire ; magnam curam in valetudine tuenda adhibere : for your h.'s sake, corporis tuendi causa: to neglect or take no care of one's h., valetudinem negligere; valetudini parum parcere. Bad h., adversa, aegra, infirma valetudo : your weak h., or weak state of h., ista imbecillitas vale- tudinis tu«. ( B§gp° aft. curatio, excusatio, excusare, &c. valetuao = ' bad h.', just as in ' to excuse himself on the ground of his h.,' ' his h. will not suffer him,' <§-c, it is implied that bad h. is meant.) To be in good h., bona (prospera, integra, or firma) valetudine esse or uti ; prosperitate valetudinis uti ; sanitate esse incor- rupta, ; valetudine esse firmam ; valere (also with bene, commode, recte); belle se habere: to be in excellent h., optima valetudine uti or affectum esse; optime valere; plane belle se habere: not to be in good h., minus commoda, or minus bona valetudine uti ; aegrotare (to be sick). In the days of one's h., bona or integra vale- tudine; quum valemus. To injure one's h. by the neglect of one's usual exercise, valetudinem intermissis exercitationibus amittere : / am recovering my h., melior fio valetudine. H. is re-established, valetudo confirmatur : to be in good h., recte valere; bona or integra valetudine esse; prosperitate valetudinis uti: in better h , melius valere (H.). To drink aby's good h., salutem ci propinare (Plaut.); *amicum nominatim vocare in bibendo : your good h. ! bene te ! bene tibi ! (see Zumpt, § 759): let all drink to the h. of Messala! bene Messalam ! sua quisque ad pocula dicat (Tib. 2, 1, 33): to wish good h. (at sneezing), sternutamento salutare ; to aby, salutem ci imprecari ; salvere qm jubere : your h. ! (as a wish at sneezing), bene vertat ! or salvere te jubeo ! or salutem tibi ! (sc. imprecor, aft. Appul. Met. 2, p. 228, 27. ggp" saluti tuae is wrong ; it ought, at all events, to be saluti tibi sc. sit or vertat). — He lived to an extreme old age in the enjoy- ment of excellent h., vixit ad summam senectutem valetudine optima. Robust h., firma valetudo. HEALTHFUL. See Healthy, Wholesome. HEALTHFULLY, salubriter. salutariter.— utiliter. HEALTHFULNESS. See Healthiness. HEALTHILY, belle. — bona or prospera valetudine. HEALTHINESS, sanitas. — bona, prospera, or com- moda valetudo (good state of health; $J^T val. alone — 'state of health,' and cannot be used for 'good health ' without bona, &c, unless the context sufficiently implies it). — salus. integritas. [Syn. in Health, vid.] salubritas. salubris natura (h. of a place, climate, fyc, opp. pestilens natura loci). HEALTHSOME. See Healthy. HEALTHY, sanus (v.pr., both of bodily health and of a sound state of mind). — salvus (of the good state of the body and its parts). — integer (still undiminished, fresh, in possession of full power; also with ref. to intellect, ratio integra). — valens, validus (h., and there- fore vigorous, able to act). — firmus (of firm, lasting health). — robustus (strong, robust, able to endure). Jn. robustus et valens, firmus et valens (i. e., strong and healthy). — saluber or salubris, salutaris (that brings or affords health, healthsome, wholesome ; the former also cf places and countries, opp. pestilens ; ,fe^~ saluber for sanus occurs no where in C. or Cccs., and is to be avoided as unusual). Jn. sanus et salvus. salvus et sanus. A h. person, homo sanus, or sanus only; integer : a h. climate, aer salubris (the h. air of a place, 2F2 IIEA opp. pesiilens, Vilr.). ; ccElum salubre (h. climate): a h. year, annus salubris : a h. residence, habitatio salubris; sedes salubres. A h. intellect, mens sana; ratio integra. To have a h. look, *valetudinem ore prodere. To be h., see 'to be in good Health.' Prov. Early to bed, fyc, see Bed. HEAP, s. acervus (a h. of things brought together, and laid on one another, usually of the same kind ; also of a h. of dead bodies). — congeries (a number of things of different kinds brought together, and laid one on another, without respect to the height ; |§5||f congestus prce- and post-Class.). — strages (a number of things hurled upon the ground, esply of corpses, arms, fyc; likeivise without respect of height). — strues (a h. of things piled in layers, so far as they may be placed or are placed over each other in a certain order). — cumulus (propr., a h. that comes up to the full measure. With acervus, the dif- ference lies in the quantity ; with congeries, in the disorderly lying on each other ; with strages, in the lying on the ground; with strues, in the lying in layers; in cumulus, the arched form and the superabundance, as L. 3, 34, 6, in hoc immenso aliarum super alias acer- vatarum legum cumulo). — multitudo. vis. copia (g. I., multitude, great number, with this difference, multi- tudo denotes any multitude, without any other idea; vis brings the great quantity prominently forward ; and copia, the multitude in respect of the use to be made; hence it cannot be used of persons unless they are to be considered as an instrume?it or means, as armatorum, virorum fortium copia). A confused h., turba (propr. of men, but also of animals and things, arborum, nego- tiorum, inanium verborum, &c.) HEAP, v. acervare. coacervare (to make a h. of athg, to h. together or upon one another). — aggerare. exaggerare (to h. up, to h. up high; in prose, post-Aug.) — cumulare. accumulare (the former, to h. up to the full measure; the latter, to be always adding to a heap; cumulare also fig. ; = constantly to increase). — augere (to increase). — addere qd ci rei (to be constantly adding to athg). — congerere (fig., to bring together or utter as in heaps; e. g., reproaches upon aby, maledicta in qra). To h. crime upon crime, scelus sceleri addere : to h. benefit upon benefit, beneficia priora posterioribus cumulare : to h. victory upon victory, victoriam Vic- toria? addere (aft. L. 1, 3): to h. athg upon aby, con- gerere qd in qm (g. t., good and bad things); onerare qm qa re (with something unpleasant ; to load with athg) : ornare qm qa re (with something pleasant and honorable; to adorn, honour, fyc. with athg; e. g., posts of honour, fyc). \\ To heap up, cumulare. acervare (to h.). — accumulare. coacervare. construere (to h. up, h. together, accumulate ; e. g., money, treasures: one who does this, accumulator opum, T. Ann. 3, 30, 1 ; accumulare, mly t ; once only in C, auget, addit, accu- mulat ; in Plin., often of heaping up earth round the roots of trees). — aggerare (to form into a heap, bones, ossa). To h. tip money, pecunias coacervare ; acervos numorum construere : to h. up riches, opes exaggerare (Phccdr. 3, prol. 25) : to h. up earth round the roots of trees, accu- mulare terram (Plin.): to h. up earth about a tree, aggerare arbore (Col.) ; adaggerare (Cat.) : to be heaped up, cumulari, accumulari; crescere (to increase). HEAPER, accumulator (e. g. opum; T.Ann. 3, 30). Crcl. HEAR, v. || 1) To have the sense of hearing, audive. To h. well, acutely, acuti auditus esse ; sol- lertis auditus esse (of a fox): not to h. well, auribus non satis competere : to h. with difficulty, tarde audire; tardis esse auribus (to h. slowly); surdastrum esse (to be somewhat deaf; Cic. Tusc. 5, 40, 116. ggjT graviter and male audire, in this signification, are wrong). Not to h. at all, sensu audiendi carere ; auditus ci negatus est : not to h. fm fear, timor auribus officit : not to be able to see or h. at all fm fear, prae metu neque oculis neque auribus satis competere. || 2) To direct the sense of hearing to athg, to listen to, audire. — auscultare (to listen to; very rare in gold, age): to h. athg, qd audire : not to h. athg, qd non curare (not to attend to); cs rei rationem non habere (not to regard): to h. aby, ci aures dare (to listen atten- tively to aby); audire qm, auscultare ci or ( (ggT but not in Cicero) qm (to listen to aby, or to h. and follow aby' s advice or warning). H. ! audi! heustu! eho ! — do you h.? audin'? hoccine agis annon? (are you attending to what I say ? see Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 15). See to Listen to; to Obey. 3) To appre- hend by hearing, audire (g. t., also = to attend to. fl-i^T only poets and later writers use exaudire). — exaudire (to h. fm a distance and distinctly).~hvcLud\re Uo hear a whisper, hint, fyc. of athg, quiddam, numquid (436) HEA &c). — auscultare qd or ci rei (to listen, hearken to athg openly or secretly).— percipere (to apprehend accu- rately ; to h. clearly, of the hearing itself; to observe, perceive, receive information of athg, orally or by tra- dition). — excipere, with or without auribus (propr., to catch up what one properly ought not to h. ; but then also = to h. or perceive with peculiar interest: see Plin. Ep. 4, 19, 3; 10, 1, 86, Frotscher).— cognoscere qd or de qa re (to hear or perceive athg, to attain to the knoidedge of athg). — comperire (to obtain exact information of or re- specting athg, to h. or perceive with certainty or exactly, esply by oral information). I of ten h. people say, or J h. it cmly said, audio vulgo dici. (When the persons are indef., the pass, should be used; when a def. person or persons are mentioned, either the active participle, when this person is represented as acting, or the passive parti- ciple, when the person is represented as passive ; e.g., I h. you coming, audio te venientem : I rejoice to h. you praised, audio te libenter laudatum. g^° audivi te canentem = ' / heard you sing,' audivi te canere = ' I heard [fm somebody] that you sang;' or 'I heard that you sang [a particular song~\,' e. y. excidium Troja? ; Z. 636 ; but audio libenter te laudari = the intelligence that you are praised rejoices me. ' I hear aby say' is also qm or ex or a qo audio quum dicat, the ex or a, when the person fm whom the speaker heard it was himself the reporter ; I often h. Roscius say, saepe soleo audire Roscium, quum dicat &c. ; / often heard him say that he fyc, saspe ex eo audiebam, quum se ... diceret : Kruger, 628, Obs. 2 ; Zumpt, 636, 749). As far aslh., quantum audio: as far as I have heard, quod nos quidem audierimus: let me never h. that again fm you, cave posthac umquam istuc verbum ex te audiam : i" have already heard it more than a thousand times, plus millies jam audivi: / can h. nothing for the noise, fremitus or strepitus aurium usum intercipit : / have heard it all fm the door, omnia ego istaec auscultavi ab ostio : to h. (receive information) of athg, venit or pervenit qd ad aures meas ; inaudire qd (privately) : not to h. a word of athg, ne tenuissimam quidem auditionem accipere de re : to h. athg fm aby, qd ab or ex qo audire, accipere, cognoscere: to h. athg of aby, qd de qo audire, accipere : to h. of aby with pleasure, volenti animo de qo accipere (S. Jug. 73, 1): to let nothing be heard of him, silentium est de qo : no one h.'s athg of him, literae ejus conticescunt (he does not write) : to refuse to h. athg on any subject (i. e., to listen to any proposal), qd auribus non admittere (as L. 23, 19, qui nullam ante pactionem auribus admi- serat ; i. e., who would not h. of any compact). In a wider sense, to h. aby is, a) = to listen or hearken to, auscultare ci (g. t., to listen or hearken to, very rare in gold. age). — audire qm. ci operam dare (to be a hearer, scholar of aby) : I h. him very gladly, aequis- simis meis auribus utitur : I h. him only loo gladly, nimis libens ausculto ei. b) To consent to listen to aby's defence, fyc , causes probanda? veniamci dare: not to be heard, causae probanda? veniam non impetrare (cf. Cic. Suit. 1, extr.) : to condemn aby without hearing him, qm causa indicta condemnare. || To hear a cause (of a judge), cognoscere (either absol., as Verres cognos- cebat, Verres judicabat, or with causam. Q. 4, 1, 3: after hearing the cause, causa cognita, S. Cat. 42, fin ). — sedere judicem in qm. esse judicem de qa re (these two esply of a juryman). The judges who h-ard the cause, judices, apud quos causa agebatur : to h. a cause before the time it was set down for, repraesentare judicium (Q. 10, 7, 1). || To hear favorably (i. e., to listen to, to grant), audire ( j^p° exaudire poet, and post Class.). — obedire. parere (to obey; e. g. cs dictis) : to h. aby, or the prayers of aby, audire qm or cs preces ; cs preci- bus locum relinquere; ci petenti satisfacere or non deesse ; preces cs admittere : to h. aby's advice, qm monentem audire : to h. a prayer, precationem admit- tere (of the gods) : God h.'s his wish, Deus ejus voto adest : not to h. aby or his prayers, preces cs spernere (poet.) or aversari; preces cs repudiare. HEARER, qui (quae) audit, audiens. auditor. HEARING, || 1) A hearing, auditio; .see Hearsay. || 2) The sense or power of hearing, auditus. — sensus audiendi (the sense of h.). — auditus membra, orum (the organs of A.).— aurium judicium or men- sura (so far as a person judges by it ; see C. N. D. 2, 58, 146; de Or. 3, 47, extr ): an imperfect h.. auditus imbecillitas : hardness of h., auditus or aurium or audiendi gravitas; aurium or audientis tarditas (so far as aby hears very slowly) : to be hard of h., *auribus tardis esse ; *tarde audire ; surdastrum esse (g. t., to be somewhat deaf; C. Tusc. 5, 40, 1 16. ggj^ Neither graviter audire, i. e., to hear with indignation, nor HEA male audire, i. e., to be evil spoken of, belongs here) : a fine h., audltus sollers (propr., e. g , of the fox): to lose the sense of h., 8;c, see ' to be, to b ecome Deaf.' (I 3) The listening to what another say s, audientia (attention to a person speaking, esplij so far as it is pro- cured for a speaker in a public assembly by means of the herald or crier ; see L. 43, 16) : to obtain or procure a h. for aby, ci aures impetrare {g. t., to secure atten- tion to aby). — ci audientiam facere {esply of a speaker in a public assembly, of the herald): to obtain a h., audiri: to find a favorable h., benigne audiri {of per- sons): not to obtain a h , non audiri (g. t., of persons); causae probandae veniam non impetrare {for one's defence; cf. C. Sail. 1, extr.); non admitti {not to be ad- mitted, of persons). I receive a favorable h., a qo au- dior; qd a qo auditur {e. g., a request): to give or grant a h., audire qm {g. t., to hear or listen to aby; then to hear or listen to him in order to follow him) ; aures praebere ci and ci rei {to lend an ear to a person or thing, also aures ci dare or dedere; Jggf' audientiam ci praestare is not Latin); qm admittere {to allow aby to come before one to plead his cause) ; causae probandae veniam ci dare {to allow him to prove his statement, fyc). To give an attentive, very attentive h. to aby, attente, perattente audire qm ; qm diligenter attendere ; ab ore cs pendere (V. JEn. 4, 79). — silentio auditur qs (is lis- tened to in silence) : to give a willing h. to, faciles habere aures : to obtain a h., facere sibi or orationi audientiam : to give an impartial h. to, aequo animo or acquis auribus accipere qd ; aequus audio qd (L. 5, 6) : not to obtain a favorable h., minus aequis auribus au- diri : the king has no time to grant him a h., non vacat sermoni suo rex. || Reach of the ear, extent within which sound can be heard: to be within A., audiri posse: in my h., me audiente. || Judicial hearing, cognitio (cs or cs rei). HEARKEN, || To listen, vid. || To hear fa- vorably, grant; see 'To Hear favorab ly.' HEARKENER, auditor.— auscultator (C.). — dicto audiens (obedient). HEARSAY, auditio. levis auditio (e. g., to act upon h. ; levem auditionem pro re comperta habere, to be- lieve any unauthenticated report).— fama (a report) ; Jn. fama et auditio. It is, however, better, in most cases, to use Crcl. viith audire : I know this fm h., haec auditu comperta habeo ; haec auditione et fama accepi : I know it only fm h., nihil praster auditum habeo: i" state this not fm h., but fm my own experience, haec non auditum, sed cognitum praedicamus. HEARSE, plaustrum, quo corpora mortua ad sepul- turae locum devehuntur. — vehiculum, quo corpora mortua exportantur. See Bier. H.-cloth, see Pall. HEART, A) In a physical sense, propr. and fig., cor (the h. in the animal body). — pectus (the breast, under wch the h. is concealed). — formella cordis (the shape of the h., as a kitchen utensil; aft. Apic. 9, 11, where formella piscis). The h. beats, cor palpitat ; cor salit : to press aby to one's h., qm premere ad pectus, or ad corpus suum (t); qm artius complecti; qm am- plexari. With one's h.'s blood, de visceribus suis (C). — 1| Impropr., the h. of a country ( = its interior), interior cs terrae regio ; interiora cs terrae ; e. g., to penetrate into the h. of India, interiorem India} regio- nem or interiora Indiae petere : the h. of the republic, viscera reipublicae. H. of a tree (oak), os arboris ; lignum firmissimum. B) In a moral sense: 1) the internal power of feeling, soul, mind, fyc, animus. — mens (mind, disposition, intelligence, spirit; hence together animus et mens, i. e., h. and spirit). — voluntas (inclination) — natura (human nature, the mode of thinking or disposition implanted by nature in men; e. g., the human h. is loo weak to despise power, imbecilla natnra est ad contemnendam poten- tiam: a man of an honest and good h., natura Justus vir ac bonus). — pectus (the breast, as the seat of the feel- ings. — cor is used in good prose only in certain forms of expression; see below). A good h., bonitas (g. t., good- heartedness, as a property of aby) ; animus benignus, benignitas (a beneficent disposition) ; animus mitis (a gentle mind) : a bad or evil h., animus malus (a naturally corrupt one) ; animus improbus, improbitas (a wicked, ungodly disposition) : a depraved, corrupt h., voluntas depravata: fin the h., animo or ex animo (opp. simulatione, simulate) : to love aby fm my h., qm ex animo amare; qm ex animo vereque diligere : to love aby with one's whole h., toto pectore qm amare : to speak fm the h., ex animo vereque dicere : oh ! that this expression came fm your h. ! utinam istud verbum ex animo diceres : to all appearance ... but in h., simulatione ... seda:»imo (e.g., to all appear- (437) HEA ance he was ngst Ccesar, but in h. he favoured him, simulatione contra Caesarem, sed animo pro Caesare stetit) : alhg or aby is near to my h., qd or qs mihi curae or cordi est ( guJIF not curae cordique est) ; mihi curae est de qa re ( gggT but only in episto- lary style, and unusual) : an object is near to my h., qd mihi summae curae est (/ interest myself about it); qd mihi in medullis est (it is very dear to me) : my h. prompts me to do athg, est mihi cordi qd facere : nothing lies nearer my h., nihil est mihi qa re antiquius : athg is nearer to myh. than another, amicior ci rei quam ... sum (Np. Milt. 3, 6). There is nobody to whose h. athg is nearer than it is to mine, tam amicus sum ci rei, quam qui maxime : no object is nearer to my h. than to §c., nihil mihi potius est, quam ut &c. (see C. Somn. Scip. 1): aby takes athg more to h. than another, propior dolor ci cs rei est (cf. L. 7, 21, 3) : to take athg to h., qd sibi curae habere ; cura cs rei in animum cs de- scendit (L. 3, 52); qa re moveri or commoveri (to be moved, touched with athg) ; de qa re laborare, qd aegre ferre (to vex oneself about athg) ; qd in pectus or in pectus animumque (of several, in pectora ani- mosque) demittere (to impress athg deeply upon one- self): not to take alhg to h., non laborare de qa, re, negligere qd (both, e. g., the death of aby) : athg lies or presses upon my h., qd animum meum pungit ; qd me or animum meum soilicitum habet : a thing goes to my h., tangit qd animum meum ; qd animum meum per- ciitit : to go to the h., animum cs movere, commovere ; in animum cs penetrare ; alte in cs pectus descendere (to make a deep impression, of lessons, fyc. ; S. Jug. 11» 7): a thing makes a deep impression on my h., qd alte in pectus meum descendit (S. Jug. 11, 7; is of the impression on the mind). I shall not take it much to h. if, levissime feram, si &c. Prov. To have one's h. in one's mouth, *nec aliud sentire ; nee aliud loqui; nee aliud clausum in pectore, nee aliud promptum in lingua habere (aft. S. Cat. 10, 5). When I converse with aby, be it who it may, I always speak fm my h., quicum ego colloquar, nihil fingam, nihil dissimulem, nihil obtegam (C. Att. 1, 18, in): to be able to see into aby's h., apertum cs pectus videre : the searcher of h.'s, qui in omnium mentes introspicit (see C. de Fin. 2, 35, 118); qui hominum voluntates introspicit (see T. Ann. 1, 7, 8) : if we could look into the h.'s of tyrants, we might fyc, si recludantur tyrannorum mentes, posse &c. (T. Ann. 6, 6, 2). Oh! thai you could see into my h. ! utinam oculos in pectora mea posses inserere! (t 0. Met. 2, 93) : to sink into aby's h., influere in cs ani- mum (e. g., of sounds); (se) insinuare cs animo (e. g., of a suspicion): to be able to bring one's h. to fyc, (in) animum inducere posse, followed by infin. or ut : not to have the h. to fyc, not to find it in one's h. to, a se or ab animo suo impetrare non posse, with ut &c. : to speak in all sincerity of h , vere et ex animi sententia loqui : what comes fm the h. finds its way to theh., oratio, quae habet sensus, facile in sensus et mentes hominum intrat (aft. C. de Or. 3, 25, init., and 2, 25, extr.). Do not make my h. sad, *noli me angere ; *noli me or animum meum sollicitare. To open one's h. to aby, ci sensus suos aperire ; totum se patefacere ci : to pour out one's h. to aby, ci cordolium patefacere (to tell one's sorrow to aby, Appul.Met. 9, p. 226, 28); cum qo conqugri for- tunam adversam (to complain bitterly to a person of one's misfortune); cum qo conqueri de qa re: to give one's h. to aby, animum suum ci dare or dedere (see L. 1, 9; Ter. Bee. 3, 1, 14): to surrender one's h. to a female, animum adjicere ad puellam (Com.) : a person's h. is still free, qa nondum (amore) captus est : his h. is no longer free, qs alibi animum amori dedirum habet (Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 14). — To be of one h. and of one mind with aby, familiariter or intime uti qm : they are of one h. and of one mind, intime juncti sunt. \\ As a term of endearment: my sweet heart! meum cor! anime mi! mi animule! meum corculum ! (Com.) 2) Courage (see Courage), animus. Togiveh. to aby, to put in h., animum ci facere or addere; ci virtutem addere ; animum cs confirmare, incendere (to strengthen, confirm one's courage). A man of good h., vir fortis (a brave man); vir metu vacuus (that k?iows no fear). To take h., (in) animum inducere, followed by infin. (g. t., to endeavour to prevail upon oneself). — audere, followed by an infin. (to venture, dare). — 1| Th e shape of a heart, cordis species (Plin. 37, 10, 58, cordis speciem repraesentare).— cordis formella (as a kitchen utensil, aft. Apic. 9, 11). \\ By heart (i. e., in the memory), memoriter, ex memoiia : to know by h., memoria tenere ; complecti ; in memoria habere : to learn byh., ediscere; memoriae mandare, tradere, com- mittere, infigere : to know every word of a writing by HEA ft., ad verbum libellum ediscere. \] Heart's blood. To pay aby with, one's h.'s b., de visceribus suis satis- facere ci (C. Qu. Fr. 1, 3, 7). HEART-ACHE, cordolium {Plant. Cist. 1, 1, 67, and Pcen. 1, 2, 89 ; Appul. Met. 9, p. 226, 28).— animi angor. — segritudo. sollicitudo. dolor, mseror. Aby gives vie the h.-a , qs mihi aegritudinem or dolorem, or mae- rorem affert; qs me sollicitudine or meerore afficit {the first, e. g., of a degenerate son). HEART-BREAKING, miserabilis.— flebilis.— ani- mum exedens.— quod magnam (maximam) miseratio- nem habet (C). — acerbissimus. HEART-BURN, «cordis dolor.— cardialgia {t. t.).— ardor stomachi. — aestus ventriculi. HEART-BURNINGS. See Discontent. HEART-FELT, ardens {e.g., love). — vehemens. H.-f. prayers, *precatio ex animo facta; *preces ex animo fusee : to offer aby one's h.-f. congratulations on any event, in qa re ci gratulari vehementer or tota mente. H.-f. joy, animi laetitia ; summa lsetitia. HEART-RENDING. See Heart-breaking. HEART-SHAPED, quod cordis speciem repreesen- tat. HEART-SICK, aeger animo. — miser ex animo {Plant. Trin. 2, 3, 6). HEART WHOLE, integer {not affected by passion, e. g., by love). \\ Not dispirited, metu vacuus. HEARTEN, ci animum facere, afferre or addere ; cs animum incendere, erigere, augere. — animum re- creare or reficere. HEARTH, focus. One's paternal h., focus patrius. — domus patria (one's paternal house) : to fight for ft. and home, pro aris et focis pugnare, pro tectis mceni- busque dimicare {of the inhabitants of a country). HEARTILY, ex animo (//re the heart). — vere {truly, really). — sincere {uprightly, sincerely).— valde. vehe- menter {very; e. g., to rejoice h., valde gaudere). To laugh h., valde or vehementer ridere; it must also frequently be expressed in Latin by other terms; e. g., to greet aby h., ci plurimam salutem impertire or qm plurima salute impertire : to be h. loved by aby, haerere in cs medullis ac visceribus : to wish athg A., tota cogitatione cupere qd. To congratulate aby ft., qm vehementer or tota mente gratulari : i" bid you h. wel- come, plurimum te salvere jubeo : all will welcome you A., gratus omnibus exspectatusque venies. HEARTINESS, animus verus or sincerus. HEARTLESS, ignavus {cowardly). — inhumanus. durus {without the tenderer feelings of humanity). To be re., omnem humanitatem exuisse or abjecisse. HEARTLESSLY. See Feebly, Timidly. HEARTLESSNESS, ignavia {cowardliness). — ani- mus durus. inhumanitas (hard-heartedness). HEART'S-EASE, *violatri color {Linn.). HEARTY, verus {true). — sincerus {upright). A ft. prayer, congratulation, 8fc, see Heartfelt. HEAT, A) Propr. calor {warmth in a higher or milder degree, opp. frigus). — ardor {burning h., the ft. of a fiery or burning body, also fire itself). — fervor {h. in a still higher degree, to the point when it makes itself known by hissing and roaring, as in red-hot metal, boiling liquids).— aestus {the highest degree of h., where the whole mass really, or, as it were, is agitated and roars; esply also of internal h., in fevers, fyc, wch makes itself known by restlessness and violent motion). All these words are used by the Latins also in the plural, in order to bring forward more prominently the dura- tion and vehemence of the ft. The h. of the sun, ardor or ardores solis ; aestus solis : the h. increases, calor or aestus increscit: the ft. abates, aestus minuit; calor se frangit : the A. abates much, multum ex calore decre- scit. B) Fig. a) Great vivacity, vehemence, impe- tus, ardor, fervor {for difference, see above ; all three also with animi, when the subject is of violence of disposition) : youthful ft., ardor juvenilis ; ardor or fervor aetatis. In the first ft., e. g., of the battle, primo pugnae impetu (L. 6, 13). b) Anger, 8fc, ira. impetus et ira. ira- cundia : to kill aby in the ft. of passion, impetu et ira qm occldere. HEAT, v. Trans.) calefacere {propr. and fig.).— fer- yefacere (propr., to make hot by boiling).— incendere. inflammare {to excite, -fig.). To ft. very much, percale- facere {propr.): to ft. oneself, confervescere (propr., fig. only with the poets); calefieri (propr., e. g., by running) : to be heated with wine, incalescere vino. To order the bath to be heated, balneum calefieri jubere. ' — Intrans.) concalescere (esply of corn, frumenta). HEATH, || The plant, erice (Plin.). — * erica {Linn.). || Place overgrown with heath, loca (438) HEA deserta or inculta. campi deserta (g. it. for wild, uncul- tivated tracks). Poet, deserta et inhospita tesqua. HEATHCOCK, tetrXo. HEATHEN, s. paganus. HEATHEN, adj. ethnicus (hdvix-os), or pure Lai. pa- ganus, gentilis (Eccl.). The expressions are to be re- tained as technical terms, in theological treatises. In other terms of compositions we may use Crcl. ; as, *sacrorum Christianorum expers ; *verae religion is ignarus; *qui verum Deum non agnoscit, &c. : the Heathen, also gentes barbarae. HEATHENISH, ethnicus {iOviKoi), or, pure Lat., gentilis. HEATHENISHLY, ethnice. HEATHENISM, gentilitas. paganitas (Eccl.); *re- ligiones a Christi doctrina alienee; *sacra a Christi doctrina aliena (re. pi.); *sacra (re. pi.) gentium bar- bararum. HEATHY, Crcl.— ericaeus (Plin., belonging to heath). HEATING, calefactio (post-Class.). — Crcl. For the ft. of our bodies, ad corpus calefaciendum. HEAVE, || Trans.) See To Lift, To Raise. To A. the lead, *cataproraten jacere : to ft. (up) the anchor, ancoram moliri (L.): to A. a sigh, (ab imo pectore) suspirare ; suspirium alte petere ( Ig^jT suspiria tra- here or ducere, poet.): to ft. athg overboard, cs rei jacturam facere (i. e , to incur the loss of it voluntarily), qd in flumen (or mare) effundere (Ulp.). \\ Intrans.) tumescere (to swell ; e. g. maria). — intumescere (poet, and post-Aug. ; e.g. ductus, Plin.). — fiuctuare (to rise and sink alternately, as the sea, or a ship, 8ec, upon the sea). To ft. in sight, see 'to become Visible.' HEAVEN. The heavens, ccelum (ire all the rela- tions of the Eng. word, even for God, the gods ; but in this signification first in post- A ng., poet, and prose ; in prce- Aug. prose, always Deus, dii. A poetic expression for ft. is polus). — Olympus (ft., as the residence of the gods, in the poets).— piorum sedes et locus, loca ccelestia, re. pi. (as the seat or residence of the blessed). The whole h.'s, omne ccelum ($gj°f°(he pi., omnia ccela, is a He- braism) : towards ft., in or ad ccelum : to ascend to ft., in ccelum ascendere ; sublime ( gUT not in sublime) ferri; sublimem abire : fmh., down fm A., e ccelo ; de ccelo; divinitus (by divine ordinance; HggT Avoid, as unclass., ccelitus) : to fall fm ft., e ccelo cadere: to come down, be despatched fm ft., de ccelo delabi or de- mitti : to move ft. and earth, ccelum ac terras miscere {L. 4, 3). See 'to leave no stone unturned:' to go to ft., in ccelum venire or migrare : to be ad- mitted into ft. (the region of the blessed), piorum sedem et locum consequi (C. Phil. 14, 12, 32) ; or vitae immortalitatem consequi (ib. extr.): h. stands open for aby, aditus ad ccelum ci patet : his spirit relumed to ft., whence it came, animus ejus in ccelum, ex quo erat, rediit. I feel myself in ft. (quite happy), in ccelo sum (see C. Att. 2, 19, 1 ; 2, 20, 4) : / think my- self in A. when #c, digito me ccelum puto attingere, si &c. (C. Att. 2, 1, 6) ; deus sum, si &c. (Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 3); immortalitas mihi data or parta est, si &c. (Plant. Merc. 3, 4, 18; Ter..Andr. 5, 5,4, Ruhnk.): h. (i. e. God) crown your wishes! dii tibi dent (or, for us, Deus tibi det) quae optas ! if it please A., si diis (or Deo) pla- cet; si Deus annuit nutum numenque suum (ajt. L. 7,30, extr.): ft. be praised! diis (or Deo) gratia! for h.'s sake (with prayers, adjurations), per Deum (per deos); e. g. oro te per deos : ft.'*.' (as an exclamation of wonder and excited feeling) proh Juppiter ! maxime Juppiter! (see Heind. H. Sat. 1, 2, 17); per deos im- mortales; proh deum fidem ! proh deum atque homi- num fidem! A chart of the h.'s, tabula, in qua solis et lunae reliquarumque stellarum motus insunt (ufl. C. Rep. 1, 14, 22). HEAVENLY, ccelestis. — divinus (godlike, divine). A ft. messenger, nuncius de ccelo demissus. — nuncius deorum (to us, Dei). The re. bodies, ccelestia; res ccelestes ; astra : the A. bodies in their regular courses, ordines rerum ccelestium ; ordines astrorum. HEAVENWARDS, in ccelum. To rise ft., sublime (post-Aug. in sublime) ferri; sublimem abire: to raise one's thoughts ft., supera ac ccelestia cogitare. HEAVILY, graviter (e. g. to fall, cadere or concf- dere +). — tarde (slowly; e. g., to dance, membra tarde or minus molliter movere; aft. H. Sat. 1, 9, 25). Athg falls h. upon me, or bears ft. upon me, grave mihi est qd ; grave mihi duco (with inf.): to complain ft., gra- viter queri qd. H.-laden, gravis oneribus {e.g., of a ship) : to breathe A., aegre ducere spiritum : to walk A., tarde ire or ingredi ; tardo pede or gradu incedere ; lente incedere (of men or animals): to move ft., lente moveri (of things; e.g., machines). HE A HEAVINESS, gravitas (the being heavy, as a pro- perty)- — pondus {the measure or degree ofh., the weight). — onus {burden ; weight as oppressive to him who bears it). — duritas (hardness; h. of expression, of a verse). — tarditas (slowness, h. of intellect, 8fc). Jn. vis et gravitas cs rei : pondus et gravitas; nutus et pondus cs rei; vis nutusque cs rei (C. de Or. 3, 45, 178). H. (of intellect), tardum ingenium ; tarditas ingenii: h. of spirit, as HEI tain (Us highest point), montis fastigium ; mons sum- mus. It is the h. of madness, #c, extremae est Cle- mentine, &c. : to such a h of (madness, S;c), hue or eo, with gen. (e. g. hue arrogantiae venire ; eo im- pudentias procedere, &c, followed by ut; scire vide- mini quo amentias progressi sitis, = to what a h. of madness. |ggip° This is common in L., S., but not found in C). To such a h. of perfection did rhetoric attain without art, in tam sublime fastigium sine arte venit rhetorice : to attain to the h. of fortune, of glory. summam lortunam, summam gloriam conse'qui ( jjjgp" but altitudo fortunes, glorias, denotes the almost un- attainable h. of fortune, $c). To make the towers of an equal h., turres ad libram facere. \\ A height, locus editus or editior or superior (g. i., a place that lies high). — clivus (a h. with a gentle ascent). — tumulus (a moderate elevation in a plain, whether natural or artificial). — despectus (fm wch there is a perpendicular view). — agger (a heap made of earth, brushwood, rubbish, %c. ; a mound) : h.'s on the mountains, montani colles : to occupy the h.'s, loca edita (editiora) occupare or capere. HEIGHTEN, || Carry up higher (of a building), qd altius efferre (aft. C.Rep. 3, 3, 4). || To increase athg in extent, strength, intensity, 8>-c, efferre. majus reddere. augere. — exaggerare (opp. extenuare qd, to represent it as great, noble, fyc). — acuere (to sharpen ; e. g. industriam). To h. the beauties of athg (by a description), qd verbis adornare or oratione exornare. HEINOUS, nefarius. — immanis. — foedus.— -flagi- tiosus. — atrox (e.g. facinus, L.). H. crimes, scelera ; flagitia. — nefaria (adj.) : the most h. crimes, rlagitio- sissima facinora (S.). HEINOUSNESS, foeditas. — immanitas. — atrocitas (e. g. rei, C. ; sceleris, S.; facinoris, Suet.). HEIR, heres (one that enters into the rights and obligations of a dead person, according to the civil law; by the prcetorian law, he was called possessor bonorum ; fig. fur successor ; e. g. heres artis ; see Plm. 36, 4, 6). The sole h., heres ex asse, heres ex libella (see Plin. Ep. 8, 18,7; C. Att. 7, 2,3); heres omnibus bonis institutus (Plin. 7, 36, 36) : the substituted h. (i. e., the one who, after the death of the first, or, in the event of his incapa- city to inherit, enters upon the inheritance), heres se- cundus ; heres substitutus (Q. 7, 6, 10): an h. to the half, third part, fyc, heres ex dimidia parte, ex tertia parte or ex teruncio: an h. of eleven-twelfths, heres ex deunce : to be h. to aby, ci (not cs) heredem esse or exsistere: to make aby one's h., qm heredem instituere; qm heredem (testamento) scribere, facere; qm heredem nuncupare (this the v. pr , if it be done before witnesses orally ; also with voce ; a will so made is called nun- cupatum testamentum) : to substitute aby as one's h., qm heredem secundum instituere or scribere; qm here- dem substituere (Q. 7, 6, 10) : to make aby an h. equally with one's sons, testamento qm pariter cum filiis here- dem instituere : to put in as h. with others, qm inter heredes nuncupare : to put in as sole h., qm heredem ex asse instituere; qm palam facere ex libella (C. Att. 7, 2, 3) ; qm heredem omnibus bonis instituere (Plin. 7, 36, 36) : to leave aby one's h., qm heredem relinquere testamento : to come into a good property, as h. to aby, relinqui ab qo in amplis opibus heredem: to settle with the other h.'s, conficere cum coheredibus (of prin- cipal h.'s, cf. C. Fam. 7, 2, 2) : to dispossess the true h.'s, movere veros heredes; veros heredes ejicere (by force) : to leave no h.'s, sine liberis decedere ; alieno herede mori : to leave or have no male h., virilem sexum non relinquere. HEIR, v. See To Inherit. HEIRDOM. See Inheritance. HEIRLOOM, *res hereditaria. HEIRSHIP, hereditas. HELIOTROPE, heliotropium (fiXiorpoirtov, Plin.). HELIX (Wilkins), helix (eXtf, a small ornament on the capital of Corinthian pillars ; Vitr. 4, 1). HELL, sedes ac regio, quam scelerati (impii) apud inferos habitant, sceleratorum (impiorum) sedes ac regio (with C. Cluent. 61, 171). loca inferna, orum, (opp. coelum, Lact. 6, 3, 11). g^° Inferi denotes, g. t., the region of the dead; and Tartarus (Tdprapor) as also abyssus (a/3voo-os ; Prud. Hamart. 834) are poetic : to go to h., agi praecipitem in sceleratorum sedem ac regionem (Cic. I. c): a descent into h., *de- scensus in sedem ac regionem sceleratorum : the tor- ments of h., supplicia, qua? impii apud inferos per- ferunt (with C. Cluent. 61, 171). HELLEBORE, hellebSrus (eX\e/3o P ot), or, pure (440) HEL Lai , veratram. The white h., *veratrum album (Linn.): the black h., melampodium (Plin., peXapLno- diov) ; *helleborus orientalis. HELLENISM. A h., *Grascae linguae proprietas. — *quod Graecae linguae proprium est. HELLISH, infernus (propr., and with veluti also fig. ; e. g. veluti infernus aspectus). — terribilis (fig. terrible). — nefandus (fig. devilish). HELLISHLY. See Devilishly. HELM, || Helmet, vid. || Rudder, gubernacu- lum. — clavus (propr. ; the angular handle of the rudder ; the tiller; melon, for 'rudder'). To sit, stand, be, fyc. at the h., ad gubernaculum sedere. gubernaculum regere. clavum tenere (propr. and fig ). — 1| Fig.) The h. of the state, Sfc, gubernacula reipublicae, civitatis, or imperii ; clavus imperii : to be at the h. of the slate, ad gubernacula reipublicae sedere ; gubernaculis reipubli- cae assidere ; gubernacula reipublicae tractare ; clavum imperii tenere ; Jn. clavum imperii tenere et guber- nacula reipublicae tractare ; sedere in puppi et clavum tenere; summas imperii tenere; reipublicae praeesse; rempublicam regere ac gubernare : to take the h., ad gubernacula accedere : to retire fm it, a gubernaculis recedere : to be driven fm the h., repelli a gubernaculis (C). HELMET, cassis, cassida (a h. of metal). — galea (yaXet) ; a h. of leather, and properly of the skin of a weasel : T. Germ. 6, paucis loricae, vix uni alterive cassis aut galea). — cudo (KevOw. a h. of an unknown shape). To put on one's h., sumere cassidem in caput (Plant.). — galeam inducere (Cces.) : with a h. on his head, cum casside; galeatus. HELMS M AN, gubernator. — rector navis.— qui cla- vum tenet.— 1| Fig.) The h. of the stale, custos guberna- torque reipublicae. — rector et gubernator civitatis (both C). HELP, v. || Assist, juvare. adjuvare. adjumento esse ci. — auxilium ferre ci. auxiliari ci. esse ci auxi- lio. opem ferre ci. opitulari ci. — succurrere ci. ci sub- sidio venire, ci subvenire. sublevare qm ; with athg, qa. re ; in athg, in qa re [Syn. in Aid, v.]. — subsidium or auxilium ferre ci. To h. each other, tradere mutuas operas : to h. aby in (doing) alhg, qm opera juvare in qa re; ci opitulari in qa re facienda; operam suam commodare ci ad qd ; operam prasbere ci in qa re : to h. aby to look for athg, ci opitulari in qa re quae- renda; to write or compose athg, qm adjuvare unaque scribere (Ter. Ad. Prol. 6). So h. me God! ita me Deus adjuvet or amet ! God h. you ! Deus te sospitet ! To come to h. aby, when it is too late, navem mortuo applicare (Prov. Auct. Quint. Decl. 12, 23). — a) To help aby to athg, opitulari ci in qa re (e. g., to a fortune, in re ve) quaerenda vel au^enda). — pro- spicere ci qd (e.g., to a husband, maritum). — quae- rere ci qd (e. g., to a husband or wfe, conditionem = 'a match'). — expedire ci qd (e. g. to money, pecuniam). To h. aby to a place or office, *efricere, ut munus ci deferatur; to a thought, ci qd subjicere or suggerere (to suggest it to him) ; cs cogitationis initium afferre (to put him on the right track, as it were) — 3) To h. aby into his carriage, tollere'qm in currum; upon his horse. subjicere qm in equum. — y) To help aby out of athg; see To Extricate. || To help forward; see To Forward, Promote. || Forbear, avoid. By facere non possum (or sts non possum only) with quin, &c. ; or fieri non potest, ut non &c. ; or non possum non, with following inf. I cannot h. exclaim-^ ing, non possum, quin exclamem: I cannot h. thanking you, non possum, quin tibi gratias agam : I cannot h. confessing, that I am excessively delighted (that fyc), non possum non confiteri, cumulari me maximo gau- dio (quod &c). || Prevent, fyc, prohibere qd, ne fiat. — mediclnam cs rei invenire: (to lament for) what you might have helped, quod potuisti prohibere, ne fieret : it cannot be helped, they [the witnesses] must be pro- duced, nihil potest, producendi sunt. I could not h., non potui prohibere (e. g. qm, quin proficisceretur). || Help to athg (at table), apponere (to place be- fore; e.g. panes convivis, Suet. Calig. 37). To h. ( = carve) a joint, fyc; see To Carve. HELP, Intrans ) conferre ad qd. — vim habere, va- lere ad qd. — prodesse, adjuvare ad qd (adj. also with ut). HELP, s. See Aid, Assistance. HELPER, adjutor (fern, -trix).— qui opem fert ci (e. g furtum facientibus). Sis socius (companion). — administer, satelles. Jn. administer et satelles. He was my h. in time of trouble, ille mihi ferentarius ami- cus est inventus (Plant. Trin. 2, 4, 55). HEL HELPFUL. See Useful, Salutary. HELPLESS, inops, also with auxilii {that is wanting in strength and power to help himself; opp. opulentus). auxilio orbatus or destitutes {deprived of help, forsaken by those who might help him) : h. state, inopia: to leave abu h., qm destituere. HELPLESSNESS, inopia {want of power to help oneself). — solitudo (icant or destitution of friends). HELTER-SKELTER, raptim atque turbate (e. g. omnia agere, Cces.); or by adj. praeceps (headlong). HEM, s. extremus quasi margo vestis {aft. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 9. g§^~ Not limbus, wch is an edge sown on, border ; instita appears also to have been sown on, e. g. subsuta instita, H.). HEM, v. || To form a hem or border, prps circumsuere. || To edge, vid. || To hem in, cir- cumsedere (to blockade). — circumvenire, with or with- out exercitu (to surround). — cingere (mlypoet. and post- Jug, prose). — cingere (hostem) stationibus in modum obsidii (T.). — locorum angustiis claudere [in difficult country, narrow passes, %c. ; Np.). HEM, inter}, hem! (as expressing astonishment, in a good or bad sense; joy, sorrow, dislike, fyc.) — ehem ! (expresses only joyful surprise). — hui! HEMICYCLE, hemic) clus. hemicyclium. See Semi- circle. HEMISPHERE, hemisphaerium(rj p.ia(paipiov;Farr., Macrob.), or pure Lat. sectae pilae pars. HEMISTICH, hemistichium {fipicnlxi-ov ; Pseud.- Ascon. C. Verr. 2, 1, IS). HEMLOCK, cicuta.— *conium (Linn.). — As poison, succus cicutae, or cicuta only (Pers. 4, 2). To drink the h. (i. e at Athens), exhaurire illud mortis poculum ; cicutam sorbere (c/. Pers. 4, 2, sorbitio cicutae) ; pocu- lum veneno mixtum haurire. HEMORRHAGE, profluvium or profusio or fluxio sanguinis : haemorrhagia {this esply in the nose). HEMORRHOID, haemorrhois./em. (a\p.oppoU, Plin. in Cels. 6, 18, 9, in Greek characters, and defined to be ora venarum tamquam capitulis quibusdam surgentia, quae saepe sanguinem fundunt). HEMP, cannabis: of h., cannabfnus. To take off the skin or bark of h., cannabim decorticare. HEMPEN, \ cannabtnus. H.-seed, semen can- HEMP (as adj ),} nabis or cannabinum. A h. rope, funis cannabtnus. — e cannabi tortus funis {aft. Vitr. 1, 1,8). HEMP -AGRIMONY, *eupatorium cannabfnum (Linn.). HEMP-FIELD, *ager cannabe consYtus. HEN. galhna. A h.'s egg, ovum gallinaceum. H.- house, gallinarium. A h.'s nest, cublle gallinae. H.- eoop, cavea. To put h.'s in a coop, gallinas in caveain- cludere (C). H.'s when they have laid an egg, ruffle their feathers and shake themselves, gallinae inhorrescunt, edito ovo, excutiuntque sese (Plin.). H.-roost, sedile (avium; Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 13); pertica gallinaria (the perch; id 3, 9, 7). HENBANE, hyoscyamus. The common h., *hyos- cyamus niger (Linn.). HENCE, || Of place, hinc, including, like the Engl, word, the notion of a source, cause, fyc; e. g. hinc illae lacrimee nimirum ; for wch inde may be used in ref. to a preceding statement ; ex avaritia erumpat audacia necesse est; inde omnia scelera ac maleficia gignuntur, C). To go h., abire. decedere : hence! ( = away with you) abi. apage te ! abi hinc ; amGve te hinc ! H. ! ye profane, procul este profani. The road fm h. to India, via, quae e>t hinc in Indiam (C). || Of time ; jv-^v In such expressio?is as ' a few days hence,' 'a year hence,' the adv. 'hence' is not expressed in Lat. || Of inference; consequently ; denoting a consequence, itaque (' and so,' 'accordingly;' denoting the consequence or conclusion fm a cause, or conform- ity with a preceding statement). — igitur ('consequently,' 'therefore,' denotes an inference fm a reason).— ergo ( = igitur — a strong affirmation ; hence it is used in more formal argumentation. Respecting the position, observe that iraque is placed at the beginning of the pro- position, but igitur usually aft. one or more words ; only in drawing inferences, C. sts places it first). — ideo (' con- sequently,' points to the reasons and arguments as such). — SSITproinde ( = 'igitur cum exhortatione quadam,' used in animated exhortations). — quare. quamobrem. qaapropter. quocirca ('wherefore,' 'whence,' refer to a preceding proposition, wch contains the reason.— 63p° Adeo, as an inferential particle, isnot Lat.). Andhence, ideoque, et or atque ideo ; ggp° not et igitur, igitur- que, Pr. Intr. ii. 677. H. it happens, that &c, ita fit. ut&c. (441) HER HENCEFORTH, posthac— dehinc or jam dehine (but in this sense poet, and post- Aug. prose, except L. ; quacumque dehinc vi possim, 1, 59). HENPECK, marito imperare (aft. C. Paracl. 5, 2, in.). Aby is henpecked, uxori obnoxius est. in uxoris potestate est (C. Ter.Hec. 3, 1, 22; 2,2,8). uxor ei imperat (C). A henpecked husband, maritus cui uxor imperat; qui in uxoris potestate est, &c. HEPTAGON, *heptagonum. HEPTAGONAL, *septangulus. — septem angulis. HER, see She ; and for the proper pron. in obliaue narration, see He, His. HERALD, caduceator (in war ; so called, fm the caduceus wch he bore, to claim his personal security). — fetialis (at Rome; the h. who demanded satisfaction, and declared war loith ceitain solemnities ; the fetiales were a college of priests). — praeco (g. t. for an officer who makes proclamation, 8>c). The person of a h. is held sacred, caduceatori nemo homo nocet (Cato ap. Fest.): to send a h.. caduceatorem mittere : a h.'s staff, caduceus ( l$Sft /ie fetiales carried verbenae). HERALDRY, *doctrina insignium. — *scientia in- signium ; or *heraldica (as t. t.). HERB, herba. — olus (pot-h.). H.-tea, aqua (calida), in qua decoctae herbae sunt (cf. Cels. 4, 25). All roots and h.'s, omne herbarum radicumque genus. To take medicinal h.'s, *valetudinis causa herbarum succis uti. H.-market, forum olitorium. H.-woman, quae herbas or olera vendit or-venditat. HERB-TEA, aqua (calida), in qua decociae herbae or verbenae sunt (with Cels. 4, 15, p. 228, Hip.). HERBACEOUS, hevbaceus (Plin.). HERBAGE, herbae (pi.). — gramen (grass). See Grass. HERBALIST, herbarius [Plin.). HERBARIUM, «siccatae herbas or *hortus siccus, qui dicitur. HERBELET, herbula. HER BID, herbidus. HERD, s. grex (g. t., a large number of cattle, both larger and smaller animals; but if any distinction is made between larger and smaller cattle, it is used only of the latter ; see C. Phil. 3, 13, extr., greges arinento- rum reliquique pecoris; 0. Met. 1, 513, non hie arnien- ta gregesve; then, also, = a crowd or great number of persons, a company, 8>c). — armenta, orum (ah. of larger animals, esply of oxen ; then also horses, goats, large marine animals, opp. grex; see above). — multi- tudo. caterva (both = a great number, multitude). Be- longing to a h., gregalis; gregarius : in h.'s, gregatim : to bring together into ah., congregare (fig. also of persons). — 1| Of persons ; see Horde, Troop, &c. HERD, v. See Congregate. HERDSMAN, armentarius.— bubulcus. HERE, || At this place, hie. hoc loco (at this place, on this spot). — hac regione (in this neighbour- hood, hereabout). To be h., adesse : not to be h., abesse: to remain h., manere, remanere: h. I am, en adsum ! en ego ! ecce me ! h. is the reason that §c, en causa, cur &c. : h. and there, passim (in different places ; h. and there); nonnulla parte (with ref. to a whole body of several members, of wch in several places the assertion is true; cf. Cces. B. C. 1, 46, and Herz. ad toe.) : only h. and there, by rarus ; e.g., h. and there are a few trees, rarae sunt arbores. If ' here' is used in connexion with a pronoun demonstrative, in Lat. only the pronoun demonstrative is used; as, do you see this man h.'i videsne hunc virum? || In this thing, on this point, hac in re. fjjtgjT (1) In dialogues, hie or ibi are used in the sense of 'upon this;' e. g. hie Laelius dixit, C. Rep. 1, 30. So in, here we may see fyc. ( = in this example, fyc), hie cognosci potest &c. ; ' here you demand ' $c., hie tu (tabulas, &c.) deside- ras. — (2) In a narrative aft. an explanation, enumera- tion, fyc, 'here' must be omitted in Lat.; e.g. 'here you have my reasons for returning,' habes reverslonis causas: 'here you have my opinion,' habetis, quid sen- tiam. (3) // is not right to translate ' here and there' by hie illic; e. g. in such sentences as hie illic invenies, hie illic legitur, for aliquoties, compluribus in locis, interdum, &c. [Krebs.] (4) In English we now often use 'here,' aft. verbs of motion, for ' hither ;' we ?nust be careful, however, to translate it in such cases by hue (e. y. hue reverti; hue in urbem commeare, &c.) or hunc in locum (e. g. reverti, C. Rep. 6, fin.); so, fm h., hinc. || Here below, his in terris. hac in vita. HEREAFTER, posthac— in reliquum (tempus ; for the future ; for the remaining time: without tempus; Plane, ap. C. Fam. 10, 7; S. Jug. 42, 4; L. 23, 20; 26, 32; 36, 10, extr., Sfc): never h., nunquam hoc HER quod reliquum est (sc. vitae ; e. g. I shall never laugh ft. ; Plaut.). || An hereafter, quae post mortem futura sunt (C). HEREAT, ob earn rem or causam. It must be translated in various ways according to the verb, usually by some case of is, ea, id, alone, or governed by a preposi- tion, and in agreement with a subst. : to be disturbed or pained ft., ea re moveri, angi, cruciari : to be offended ft., rem aegre or moleste ferre ; de ea, requeri: to re- joice ft., ea. re gaudere ; ex ea re gaudium percipere. HEREBY, eo. ea re. iis rebus, per earn rem. per eas res; or (at beginning of a sentence) qua re. He underwent many dangers, yet was he not ft. terrified, multa pericula subiit, sed neque haec perpessus, &c. HEREDITAMENT, heredium. See 'Hereditary property.' HEREDITARILY, hereditate. jure hereditario. HEREDITARY, hereditarius. An ft. property, here- dium ; dim. herediolum. — patrimonium (if inherited fm a father).— praedium hereditarium. agri hereditarii. — *fundus hereditarius. H. disease, see Disease. H. hatred, odium paternum velut hereditate relictum (Np.). An ft. fault, avitum vitium. An ft. office at court, *munus aulicum hereditarium. H. crown- prince, filius regis in spem imperii genitus (Curt.) ; Alius regis tanquam haud dubius regni heres (L.). heres regni. HEREFROM, ex eo (ea, &c ). inde or the relat. unde (all marking the source fm wch an effect proceeds). To derive a benefit or advantage ft., ex ea re utilitatem or fructum capere. HEREIN, in eo. hac in re. ea in re. — intus. intra (within). — ibi (ft. ; in this that has been mentioned). H. he was wrong, fyc, in eo peccavit. HEREINTO, in eum (earn, id) &c. HEREOF, ejus rei (of this). —ex. ea re. ex eo (ea, fm this).— hinc (hence). — inde (thence) or the relat. unde (all denoting the cause of an effect; the source fm wch athg proceeds, fyc). — de eo, ea, &c. (concerning this matter). To have no knowledge ft., ejus rei esse imperi- tum ; earn rem non didicisse : let the citizen be assured ft., sit hoc persuasum civibus. HEREON. See Hereupon. HEREOUT, ex ea re. ex eo, ea. hinc. inde. — unde (as relat.). || = Hence (fm this place), vid. HERESIARCH, hseresiarcha (Eccl.; Sidon. Aug.). HERESY, haeresis (Eccl. t. t ; it is used by C. him- self in the sense of sect, school, fyc). — *studia haereiica. ■ — *opiniones pravae. HERETIC, haereticus ; fern, haeretica (Eccl.). HERETICAL, haereticus (Eccl.) : to adopt A. opi- nions, *ad haeretica studia deferri, delabi. HERETICALLY, haeretice (Eccl.).— *haeretica qua- dam opinion um pravitate. HERETO, ad id. ad hoc. ad haec, &c. (in addition to this). — praeterea (besides). — insuper (over and above what has been already stated, done, fyc). HERETOFORE. See Formerly. HEREUPON, (1) In narratives, #c. ( = upon this being said or done), hie or ibi (e. g. hie Lae- lius dixit, &c). — ad haec (to this, e. g. he replied, ad haec or adversus haec respondit). (2) This being done, inde. deinde (or dein). exinde (or exin; all denoting the following of one event or occurrence upon another). — turn (then).— quo facto (wch being done). || Upon this subject, fyc, e. g. to think or meditate ft., id medi- tari, cogitare. HEREWITH, cum, with abl. of demonstrative pron., %c. — To begin A., ab eo or ab ea re incipere, initium facere or capere : to end ft., in illud desinere. HERITAGE. See Inheritance. HERMAPHRODITE, androg^nos, or Lat. (but more rarely) semimas ( $££f hermaphroditus came into use in the silv. age, according to Plin. 7, 3, 3) ; or Crcl. e. g. ambiguo inter marem et feminam sexu (L. 27, 11, 4) ; incertus mas an femina, or masculus an femina, sit (L. 27, 37, 5; 31, 12,6). HERMENEUTICS, enarratio auctorum (Q. 1, 9, 1). HERMETICALLY, *tam arte ( = arete) clausus, ut neque aeri sit aditus (aft. quo neque sit ventis aditus, V. Geo?: 4, 19). HERMIT, homo solitarius. — eremlta. anachoreta (Eccl.). To live the life of a ft., vitam solitarius ago. HERMITAGE, secessus (g. t. for place of retire- ment). — *casa hominis solitarii. HERNIA, hernia (including the Gr. ei/repo/o'/Xri and ennr\oKri\ti, Cels. 7, 18). — ramex ( = KtpaoK.i]\r\, Cels. ib.). One who is stiffering fm ft., cui intestinum descen- ds, ramicosus (Plin.). — herniosus (Lamprid.). HERO, vir (bello) fortis. vir fortissimus. — |^g° (442) HEW heros is never used for 'a valiant man,' but is freguently used of one raised above his contemporaries, and idolized by a party; e.g. heros ille noster Cato; quantum in illo heroe esset animi (ofMilo): heroes (of Plato and Aristotle). \\ Demigod, heros. || Principal per- sonage in a play, fyc, persona prima. HEROIC, heroicus (but only of what belonged to 'the heroic age,' aetas heroica; tempora heroica). — fortis. — divinus. — major quam pro homine. — plus quam humanus. — incredibilis. — magnus. invictus. fortis et invictus. animi magnitudine praestans. — viro forti dig- dus. An ft. action, forte, incredibile or divinum fac- tum, facinus magnum. || Epic, herous (C. ; of the verse, and the feet). — heroicus (Q.). The ft. poets, heroici poetae (heroi not found). See Epic. HEROICALLY, fortiter. animo forti et invicto. To die ft., per virtutem emori (S.). HEROINE, *femina fortis or fortissima. — herolna only as fern, of heros. See Hero. HEROISM, animus fortis et invictus. virtus (sum- ma), animi magnitude An act of A., *res prasclare gesta.— facinus magnum, &c. See Heroic. HERON, ardea. — ardeola (the usual form in Plin.). HERRING, harenga (in the middle age) : *clupea harengus (Linn. g|f° Alec or halec was not A., but a kind of fish-sauce) : a salted ft., *harenga sale condita. HESITANCY. See Hesitation. HESITATE, dubitare (to be prevented by doubts fm forming a decision; absol. or followed by an in fin. ; rarely affirmatively, usually with a negation). — cunctari (to delay, absol. or followed by an infin.). — haesitare (to doubt, ft , absol. or on account of athg, ob qd or de qa re cunctari, to delay fm consideration, like p.e\\eiv. — haesitare, fm want of resolution. — cessare, fm want of strength and energy, like bnvelv. The cunctans delays to begin an action ; the cessans, to go on with an action already begun. Dod.). Not to ft , Don dubi- tare or Don cunctari (followed by an infin. or by quin. — SSfTNon dubitare = not to ft., is usually construed with infin. in C. ; but quin is permissible ; nolite dubi- tare, quin huic uni cvedatis omnia [Mil. 23, 67] ; it is necessary, where dubitare is in pass., esply part, in dus. Domitius thought he ought not to h. to risk an engage- ment, Domitius non dubitandum putavit, quin proelio decertaret. Kriiger, 576, 2). I did not ft. a moment to, ego non habui ambiguum, ut &c. (Brut, ap. C. ad Div. II, 11, 3): to make aby ft., dubitationem ci afferre, injicere, dare. Why do we ft. to confess, #c. ? quid tergiversamur, nee fatemur &c. 1(C) HESITATION, dubitatio (h. in deciding, the ft. of indecision, undecidedness). — haesitatio (doubt, hesita- tion). — cunctatio (a delaying). — religio. scrupulus (ft. fm a scruple, doubt of conscience). Without ft., non dubi- tanter; nulla interposita dubitatione ; sine ulla dubi- tatione; haud cunctanter; abjecta omni cunctatione (without delay) ; confidenter (with confidence) ; audac- ter (boldly) ; sine retractatione (without any drawing back or shrinking ; e. g. pro patria vitam profundere, C ; also of any flinching fm the broad statement of an opinion, sine retractatione libere-dicere audere &c. ; also with dubitatio ; confides igitur et quidem sine ulla dubitatione aut retractatione, C. Atl. 13, 25; in Class. Lat. the word is only found in this construction). || In speaking, haesitantia linguae (as natural defect). — haesitatio (fm confusion of mind, %c, also deformis haesitatio, Q.). To speak ivithout ft., volvere verba : to speak distinctly and without ft., plane et articulate loqui (Gell. 5, 9, of a dumb person who suddenly recovered the power of speech) : a speech delivered without ft., oratio fluens or volubiliter fusa : an orator who speaks with- out ft., orator volubilis. HESITATINGLY, cunctanter. dubitanter. haesi- tans. haesitabundus. HETEROCLITE, heteroclitus (Charts. Prise). HETERODOX, qui uovas superstitiones introducit (in the sense of the ancients) ; *a doctrina publice re- cepta alienam formam sequens (with us); aliter sen- tiens (g. t., that thinks otherwise). H. sects condemned by the Catholic Church, sectae quas ... Catholicae obser- vantiae fides sincera condemnat (Cod. Theod 16, 5, 12). HETERODOXY, *a doctrina publice recepta aliena decreta. — *a vera Christi doctrina aliena foruiula (as doctrine).— *studium alienam formulam tuendi. HETEROGENEOUS, diversi or alieni generis.— dissimilis (unlike). Things that are ft., diveisissimae res; res diversae inter se (S.). HEW, v. (ascia) riolare. dedolare. edolare (to ft. into shape with the axe, fm the roughest slate ; asciare = to work well with the trowel, in Vilr. 7, 2, 2 ; exasciare only in the participle, exasciatus, fig., well HEW prepared, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 93). — ascia polire (to make smooth with the axe). — casdere (to h. down a tree; to h. out a stone).— secare (to cut; to h. into a state for use; e. g., stones, lapides): to h. round about, circumdolare (with the axe) : this wood cannot be hewn, respuit haec materia secures. Hewn stone, saxum quadratum (hewn and squared). || Cut down, vid. HEWER. H. of wood, qui ligna caedit.— lignator (icho hews it and fetches it in, fyc, for an army). HgjT According to Varr. (L.L.) lignicida was never in use. H.'s of wood, lismarii. H. of stone, lapidarius (post- Aug.): quadratarius (late). HEWING, eaesio (as act, ligrii, silvae, Plin.). — caesura (the manner in wch the thing hewn is felled, of a tree; Col. 4, 33, 1). H. of wood, lignatio (the h. and fetching it in for an army). HEXAGON, hexagonum (e^dyoovov), or, pure Lat., sexangulum. HEXAGONAL, hexagonus, or, pure Lat., sexan- gulus. HEXAMETER, versus senarius. — hexameter or versus hexameter (C). The beginning of an h., ini- tium hexametri (Q. 9, 4, 78). to compose h.'s extem- pore, versus hexametros fundere ex tempore (C). HEY! as an interjection: a) of joy, euge! io! (Com., as are nearly all that follow) : h. that is fine ! euge strenue! b) of astonishment, heu ! ehem ! hui ! at at : hey! what is this, pray ? hem ! quid hoc est 1 — h. ! is it that? at at, hoc illud est? — c) of rebuke or threatening, eia: h ! that would not befitting, eia, haud sic decet. HEYDAY. See Hey. HEYDAY, s. || Heyday of youth, flos aetatis. astas florens. flos juventae. aetas integra. — spatium iutegrae 32tatis (youthful prime). — fervor adolescentiag or ferv. juvenilis, adolescentia fervida. — calidus san- guis (the hot blood of youth; the lasti,H.). — robur juvenile or juventae. vigor juventae or aetatis (youthful strength). HIATUS. See Gap. HICCOUGH, s. singultus. HICCOUGH, v. singultire. singultare. HIDE, s. pellis (Ike skin as flayed off; of men and of animals that have a soft skin). — corium (the thick h. of animals, the bull, %c). See Skin. To dress h.'s, pelles conficere (Cces.), perficere (Plin.). HIDE, v. abdere (to put a thing away, to h. ; e. g., documents, tabulas). — condere (to deposit in a safe place). — abscondere (to put away and preserve). — recon- dere (to hide carefully and thoroughly). — occulere (to conceal in any way). — occultare (to conceal very care- fully and anxiously ; seld. in neg. propositions). — celare (to conceal the existence of athg ; facts, fyc, opp. fateri; e. g. sententiam, iram). — obscurare (to throw a shade over ; e. g. magnitudo lucri obscurabat magnitudinem periculi). — abstrudere (to thrust away; to bury under something). — dissimulare (to h. by dissembling ; e. g. aegritudinem animi, odium). Jn. tegere et dissimu- lare; dissimulare et occultare. To h. athg fm aby, celare qm qd (not ciqd; but in the pass, celatur mini qd occurs Hirt. B. Alex. 7, 1). To h^afhg in a place, abdere qd in locum, seld. in loco; ^^" with the past partcp. the abl. is used, but sometimes the ace. (in tectis silvestribus abditos, C. ; abditi in tabernaculis, Cces. ; in silvam Arduennam abditis, Cces.) ; occultare qd loco or in loco (very seld. in locum; Herz. Cces. B. G. 7, 85, cxtr.); athg under athg, abdere qd sub qa re or intra qd (e. g. cultrum veste, ferrum intra vestem); tegere qd qa re (fig., e. g. nomen tyranni humanitate sua). To h. oneself, delitescere (to lie hid ; of persons and things) ; se abdere in occultum (of persons) ; occuli, occultari (to be withdrawn fm sight; of things; e. g., of stars, opp. apparere). To h. oneself or aby in a place, abdere se or qm in qm locum (not in qo loco; e. g. in terram, in intimam Macedonians); in the coun- try, rus; in one's house, domum ; there, eo (not ibi); any ivhere, qo (not alicubi) ; where, quo (not ubi) ; where- soever, quocumque (not ubicumque). {But fig., se in literas, or se literis abdere, C] Hidden under the earth, sub terram (not terra) abditus (C. Tusc. 2, 25, 60). To h oneself any where, is also delitescere in qo loco ; se occultare loco or in loco (see above). To h. oneself fm aby, se occultare ci, or a conspectu cs : to be hidden, latere; abditum latere; abditum et inclu- sum in occulto latere (the three last of keeping one self hidden). More hidden, most hidden, occultior, occultissimus (not abditior, abditissimua, which are late Lat.). HIDE AND SEEK. To play at h. and *., «per lusum latitare; *per lusum lutitantes (or -em) quaerere. (443) HIG HIDE-BOUND, cui pellis ita tergori adhaeret, ufc apprehensa manibus deduci a costis non possit (Col. 6, 13, 2), or simply cui pellis tergori adhasret. — *coria- gine laborans (coriago, Col. and Veget.). || Nig- gardly, vid. HIDEOUS, insignis ad deformitatem. See Hor- rible. HIDEOUSLY. See Horribly. HIDEOUSNESS. See Deformity, Ugliness. H1DER, || One who is hiding (intrans ), Crcl. (latitator, Aug.) \\ One who hides (trans.), occul- tator (C). — cela'or (t, Luc). HIDING-PLACE, latebra (a retired or obscure place, where aby may conveniently remain concealed). — latibu- lum (a lurking-hole, into wch a man must creep like a beast). — receptaculum (a receptacle ; e. g., of thieves). A h.-p. of thieves, furum receptaculum (aft. L. 34, 21); domus prasdarum et furtorum receptrix (aft. C. Verr. 4, 8, 17). furum latibulum. To conceal oneself in a h.-p., latebra se occultare : to drive aby fm a h.-p., qm excitare latibulo. HIE. See Hasten, intrans. HIERARCHICAL, sacerdotalis (relating to priest- hood, 8fc). HIERARCHY, summi sacerdotes, or ii, qui sacer- dotium amplissimum habent (the chief priests). — col- legium sacerdotum (a body of priests). — amplissimi sacerdotii collegium (C). — *imperium or dominatus sacerdotum (priestcraft, as term of reproach). HIEROGLYPHIC, hieroglyphicus. hierographicus (late). — literis iEgyptiis scriptus (T.). HIEROGLYPHICS, literae ^Egyptiae (T. Ann. 2, 60, 3). literae hieroglyphicas or hierographicae (late writers). HIEROPHANT, hierophanta or -tes (Np. Pelop. 3; Inscr. Orell. 2361). HIGGLE, || To carry on a little retail trade, mercaturam tenuem facere (to be a small dealer).— cauponam exercere (to deal in a small way in provisions, but esply wine). — *merces ostiatim ven- ditare (to offer goods for sale at people's door). — 1| Chaf- fer, vid. HIGGLER, institor (g. t,).— caupo (in provisions, but esply wine). — *qui merces ostiatim venditat. HIGH, altus (denotes the perpendicular height of an object, or the distance of its highest point fm the surface of the earth; hence, in expressions of measure, it is only this adj. that can be used). — celsus (h. in respect of others; of things wch rise above the level of the earth, or above the usual standard). — excelsus (towering high above others, remarkably h. All these are used fig. when h. = ' lofty,' ' elevated,' but with this difference, that altus denotes loftiness absolutely ; celsus and excel- sus, in comparison with less elevated objects). — editus. in altum editus (raised fm a level or lower country, opp. planus; only of places, hills, and mountains). — elatus (raised, lofty, esply of words, tones, elati modi, and then of ingenium). — erectus (upright, standing straight up ; then fig., e. g., h.-minded). — arduus. aditu arduus (h. in respect of the lateral surfaces of on object, wch rises more in a perpendicular than in a sloping direction ; fig. arduus denotes what is hardly, if at all, attainable). — procerus (stretched out in length ; grown tall, slim, opp. brevis, Gr. ei/p.f]Kr)V, only of things wch have attained to their height by growth). — subll- mis (directed upwards towards the sky, h. in the air, of things which float or rise high in the air, opp. humilis ; fig. = raised above the ordinary standard, ex- ceeding the ordinary powers of understanding ; able to penetrate more deeply into a thing). — acutus (clear, of tone, opp. gravis ; in wch signification altus is not Latin, since altus sonus, alta vox relate to the fulness, body, or compass of the sound; see Q. 11, 3, 23; Cutull. 12, 18).— carus (dear, h. in price). — magnus (great, con- siderable, h. in price, then h. in its intensive strength and importance). — amplus (h. in dignity). — nobilis (A. in birth and reputation) : higher, also superior (upper, both in situation and in rank) : very h., also praealtus : the highest, summus (the highest, greatest, in respect of what is higher, in situation, rank, de- gree, Sfc. ; opp. imus, infimus).— supremus (the high- est, uppermost, in respect of a lower; hence also the highest in degree or rank, opp. infimus) ; the superlatives of the other adjj. may of course be used : the most High (i.e. God), Deus supremus (the Supreme God); Deus optimus maximus (the best and greatest). — In denoting measure, the Latins express 'high' either by altus with the accus., or by in altitudinem (to Wot) with the gen. of the measure; e. g., to be fifty feet h., quinquaginta Hia pedes alium esse, or in altitudinem quinquaginta pedum eminere. A high mountain, mons altus, excelsus or arduus : an extremely h. mountain, mons in immensum edi- tus : a h. hill, collis in altum editus ; collis aditu arduus : a not very h. hill, collis paullum ex planitie editus : a place whose situation is h., locus editus or in altum editus : a higher place, locus editior or supe- rior : of persons, trees, $c. ; see Tall : h. water, aquae magna? (L. 24, 9) : very h. water, aquae ingentes (L. 38, 28) : to fall fm on h., ex alto dectdere : to rise or fly h. in the air, sublime ( B§S|p° in sublime is not Class.) feni (g. t.)\ sublimem abire (g. t., of living creatures); sublime se levare (of birds) : to soar very h., altissime assurgere (of the mind; see Plin. Ep. 8, 4, 3): to be h. (of the weather-glass), *alte assurrexisse or ascen- disse: to lie h. (as a house), eminere; *in loco editiore exstructum esse : h. time, tempus summum ; tem- poris discrimen (with the idea of danger) : it is h. time, tempus urget: it is h. time for you to go, *jam censeo, abeas : it is h. time for you to come, exspectatus venis : when the sun was already h., multo jam die : a h. price, pretium magnum : at a h. price, magni pretii (esse) ; magno (constare) : to buy at a h. price, magno emere : to become higher in price', carius fieri nr venire (g. t., to become dearer, to be sold for more) ; ingravescere, incendi (to rise, get up, of the annona; i. e., corn, or price of corn): to bid higher, *plus promittere (g. t., to be willing to give more) ; contra liceri (at auctions) : constantly to bid higher than another (to outbid him), qo licente contra liceri : to bid too h., immoderatius liceri in qa re : to attribute a h. value to alhg, to place a h. value on it, qd magni or magno aestimare; ci rei multum tribuere : to charge athg h. to aby, qd ci magni inducere (as a service): to be of higher value than athg (fig.), prajstare ci rei (e. g. bona existimatio praestat divitiis ; Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 172): h. and low, summi et infimi : the highest magistrates, summi magistratus : the higher sciences, studia altiora et artes : the higher mathematics, *matbematica altiora (n. pi): a h. style of composition, sublime dicendi genus: a thing is too h. for me (exceeds my power of compre- hension), qd mente mea assequi or capere non possum ; qd procul est a mea cogitatione : a h. opinion, magna opinio (e. g. men entertain a h. opinion of his courage, qs habet magnam opinionem virtutis : see Cces. B. G. 7, 60; cf. L. 6, 6, 9, ut tanto de se con- sensu civitas opinionem, quae maxima sit, con- stantem efficiat. (IgSgT alta opinio is not Class.). To have a h. opinion of oneself ; to carry one's head h., magni- fice de se statuere : to aim high (fig.), altiores spiritus gerere (T. Hist. 3, 66, 5): to have h. thoughts, altum quiddam et sublime spirare (Sen. Ep. 16, 23). || The highest bidder, plurimo licens : to sell athg to the highest bidder, ad licitationem qd deducere ( Ulp. Dig. 10, 2, 6): to be publicly sold to the highest bidder, sub hasta venire. || In the highest degree, maxime ; multo maxime; quam potest maxime (e.g., maxime fidelis ; multo maxime memorabilis ; multo maxime or quam potest maxime miserabilis. J$gip" but never maximnpere, wch occurs only with the verbs petere, orare). HIGH-BLOWN. See Inflated. HIGH-BORN, generosus. generosa ab stirpe pro- fectus. nobili or summo loco natus. splendidis nata- libus ortus. HIGH- DESIGNING, altiores spiritus gerens (T. 3, 66, 4). HIGH-FLOWN, magnificus. ad magnificentiam compositus (pompous). — inflatus. tumidus (inflated). — grandiloquus usque ad vitium (of a speaker, Q.). H.-f. language, sermo tumidus. oratio magnifira: a h.-f. style, magnificum dicendi genus : to adopt a h.-f. style, pompam adhibere in dicendo : to discard all h.-f. expressions, ampullas et sesquipedalia verba projicere (H. A. P. 97). HIGH-HEARTED, magnus et excelsus.— magnitu- dine animi praestans. HIGH-HEELED. H.-h. shoes, calceamenta altius- cula. — cothurni (buskins worn by tragic actors, and then also by others, to increase their stature). To wear h.-h. shoes, calceamentis altiusculis uti. HIGH METTLED, calidus or acer (horse, equus). HIGH-MINDED, superbus (proud). — excelsus et altus. — magnitudine animi praestans (lofty-minded). Riches make men h.-m., divitiae animos faciunt. HIGH-PLACED, praestans in republica. HIGH PRIEST, prps pontifex maximus. The office of h. p., pontificatus maximus. HIGH-SEASONED, bene conditus (well-seasoned, C, (444) HIM but fig.; male conditus, JT.).— ita conditus ut nihil possit esse suavius (admirably seasoned). — *multum conditus. HIGH-SHOULDERED, *altis humeris. HIGH-SPIRITED, alti spiritus plenus (Q. 10, I, 44). HIGH TREASON, perduellio (a crime by wch the freedom of the citizens is endangered, or public security disturbed). — crimen majestatis, or (later) laesae majes- tatis (the crime of him who violates the dignity, or dis- turbs the peace and security of the Rom. people ; e. g., by betraying one of its armies, by promoting sedition or uproar; and, later, by any offence against the sacred person of the prince ; cf. Heinecc. Antiqq. Rom. Synt. 4, 18, 46, sqq .) In the times of the Rep., the orators, #c. called ' h. treason' parricidium patriae; or used the general term scelus (opp. pietas ; cf. C. Sull. 2, 6; Off. 3, 21, 83; Cat. 2, 1, 1, and 11, 25; vid. Int-p.). To be guilty of h. t., majestatem populi Romani minuere or laedere (agst the state of Rome) ; patriae parricidio obstringi nr se obstringere : to declare athg h.-t., juaicare qd contra rempublicam factum esse. One who is guilty of h. t., perduellis. civium or rei- publicae parricida (C, S.) ; proditor (traitor) : one who is charged with h. t., perduellionis reus, majestatis reus. HIGHLANDS, *regio montana. HIGHLANDER, liomo montanus ( RUT monti- cbla, poet.). H 's, montani (homines). HIGHLY, alte. — excelse (rare). — valde (much, greatly).— magni (at a high price or value; e. g. facere, aestimare ; also magno aestimare ; the former conveying the general notion of valuing [ = valuing highly], the latter laying more stress upon the large sum or price) : very h., permagni, or, with aestimare, permagno ; max- imi. H. to be respected, maxime colendus. valde observandus : h. delighted, laetissimus. hetitia elatus or exsultans : h. honoured, honoratissimus : to value aby h., qm magni facere; qm admirari, suspicere (look up to him). HIGHNESS, || Height, vid. \\As title: your h., *tu, celsissime princeps ! HIGHWAY, via (lapidibus) strata (paved road ; cf. L. 8, 15, 9; in later writers [e. g. Eutrop.] strata only). — via publica. via, qua. omnes commeant. HIGHWAYMAN, grassator. nocturnus grassator. HILARITY. See Mirth. HILL, col'is (v. pr. for ' hill,' any considerable and somewhat steep eminence). — clivus (the sloping side of a h., a gradual ascent). — tumulus (a hillock, a natural or artificial rising of the earth, esply when it projects singly in a plain). — grumus (any artificial heap of earth, still less than a tumulus). — locus editior or superior (g. t., any eminence) : that is or grows upon a h., collinus : a small h., see Hillock. HILLOCK, colliculus. clivulus. tumulus (Syn. in Hill). HILLY, clivosus. tumulosus. — montanus (in C. and Cces. of persons ; i.e., mountaineers; Varr., L.,0.). — montosus (C). A h. district, regio aspera et montosa (C.) ; montana (pi. adj., L.). HILT, capulus (of a sword, v. pr.). HIMSELF, || A) As nom., ipse ( ggp° ipsemet only, Plaul. Amphitr. Prol. 10, 2, [ipsemet abiit], and pi. ipsimet, C. 3 Verr. 1, 3). || B; In an oblique case: a) by sui (sibi, se, or sese) alone: I have re- stored my brother to h., reddidi fratrem sibi: to hurt h., sibi nocere: to forget h, sui oblivisci : with h., secum. b) by sui and ipse : (1.) // an opposition is to be indicated between the subject and some other subject, ipse will be in the nom. (or, in the case of ace. cum infin. , in the ace.) Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit — he himself, and no other, did the deed; so Varius Qumtilius se ipse in tabemaculo interfecit, Veil. 2, 71, 3; deforme est de se ipsum praedicare, C. (2 ) If the opposition is to the object, the ipse will be in the same case as the sui ; qs sibi ipsi inimicus est, is an enemy to h., not (as would be more natural) to another. (3.) //, however, a strong emphasis lies on the subject, the ipse may remain in the nom., even when the object has an implied notion opposed to it; and, in general, C. is partial to the retention of ipse in nom. [Zumpt, 696] ; thus, ut non modo populoRomano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur, Verr. 1, 6; but qui potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipsum (opp. exercitum) non potest? Maul. 13. — of h., ipse, sua sponte.— ultro (e. g. polliceri, of his otvn free will).— By h., per se (ipse) ; per se solus ; suo Marte, but always with ref. to the orig. meaning of the expression. fUg^T not proprio Marte. — All = without the help of any other person). — solus (alone).— separatim HIN (separately ; opp. to * in conjunction with others;' e. g. judos et cum collegia, et separatim edidit) : to live by h., secum vivere : to have found athg out by h., per se invenisse qd. To learn by h., sine magistro liiscere : he had done it quite of h , sua. sponte fecerat : to recover h., ad se redire. To deceive h., faili. To vex h., cruciari : to avail h. of athg, uti qa re. — A likeness of h., sui similis species (C Tusc. 1, 15, 34); sua imago (Pltiut. Pseud. 1, 1, 55). To be always h., or like h., semper suum esse (e. g. in disputando, C. Fin. 4, 4, 10). HIND, || The stag, cerva. || Boor, vid. || Ser- vant, vid. HINDER, adj. aversus (turned away ; in the back, not in the front; opp. adversus). — posticus (what is behind athg ; e. g., at the back of a house, opp. antieus). H. part, pars posterior, pars aversa ; of the head, occi- pitium ; aversa pars capitis. HINDER, 1) || Belay; oppose the execu- tion, fyc, impedire qm (qd); in athg, a qa re, and simply qa re ( ggp" never in qa re). — impedimento esse ci (ci rei); in athg, ad qd (never in qa re). — impedimen- tum afferre ci rei faciendae (g. t.).— obstare or officere ci and ci rei cs (to be opposed to aby ; obstare, simply to stand in the way of ; but officere, to be opposed to as an enemy; e.g., cs consiliis obstare or officere). — retardare qm, in athg, ad qd faciendum or a qa re facienda, in qa re (to check aby ; e. g., qm a scribendo retardare ; ad qd fruendum). — interpellare qm, in athg, in qa re (to disturb a person in the practice of athg; e.g. in suo jure). — qm avocare, avertere, abducere ab qa re (to draw off a person fm doing or attempting athg ; to hinder him in it). ' From,' with the participial subst. after ' to hinder,' is rendered in Latin by ne or quominus (rarely by an in fin.), and, if a negation precede the verb, by quin; see Zumpt, § 543: / do not hinder him fm fyc, non moror, quominus &c. 2) Prevent, prohibere qm; fm athg, qa re; more rarely a re {see Mceb. Cces. B. G. 4, 11); fm doing athg, ne, quin or quominus, faciat; where obs. that quin jjoints to the result, so that if ' i" did not h. his going ' means ' I did not make any objection to it,' ' / did not try to h. it,' we must say non prohibui ne, or quo- minus proficisceretur ; for non prohibui quin profi- cisceretur would mean, that ' though I tried to h. him, he nevertheless went.' Of the unsuccessful attempt, non posse prohibere (quin) is more common (Kriiger, bib, aft. Haase ad Reisig. p. 579). — arcere qm re and a re (to h. by keeping off; to guard agst). — dehortari (to dis- suade), aft. wch verb the Eng. 'from,' aft. ' to h.,' is expressed by ne or quominus, or by infin. ; see Zumpt, § 543, sq., who says that impedire and deterrere are sts, and prohibere often, followed by inf. — avocare, abdu- cere qm a re (as it were, to call back, bring away aby fm a thing). To h. an enemy fm laying waste, fm crossing, 8fc, hostem prohibere populationibus, trans- ftu: to h. aby fm flight, fugam cs reprimere : to be hindered (to be interrupted or disturbed in one's busi- ness), interpellari : to be hindered by very important business, maximis occupationibus distineri or impediri. We are hindered fm doing athg, prohibemur qd facere. HINDERER, morator (delayer; e.g. publici cora- moJi, L. 2, 4); or Crcl. qui impedimentum affert ci rei faciendaj; qui impedimento est ci rei, ad qd, &c. HINDMOST, HINDERMOST. See Last. HINDRANCE, impedimentum ( ggp*" not obstacu- lum). — avocatio a re (to an occupation, to business). — mora (delay, cause of delay). To be a h., impedimenti loco esse: to be a h. to a person or thing, impedi- mento esse ci or ci rei, ad qd ( IgjgT never in qa re) ; impedire qm or qd, in athg, a qa re, or qa, re only ( %&W never in qa re) ; impedimentum afferre, in or to athg, ci rei faciendae (of persons and things) ; obesse ci and ci rei (to be agst a person or thing, opp. prod- esse) ; cf. To Hinder : it was a great h. to the Gauls in battle, that fyc, Gallis magno ad pugnam erat impe- dimento, quod &c. : / will be no h., nulla in me or per me est mora ; nihil in me est mora : I will be no h. to his resigning the dece.mvirate, non moror, quominus abeat a decemviratu. HINGE, s. cardo (also impropr. of the hinge on wch athg turns ; e. g. ubi cs rei [litium, Q. 12, 8, 2] cardo -vertitur; so tanto cardine rerum, V. JEn. 1, G72). To take a door off its h.'s, emovere postes cardine ; postes a cardine vellere (V.) : a h. creaks, cardo muttit (Plaut.), stridet(F.). Prov. To be off the h.'s, perturbari or perturbatum esse ; loco et certo de statu demoveri (of the mind, deprived of its self-possession, C); de statu suo declinare (of persons, C). HINGE, v. That on wch athg h.'s, cardo cs rei. or (445) HIS ubi cs rei cardo vertitur (Q.); quod maxime rem con- tinet (L. 39, 48, 2). HINT, v. indicare ci qd. docere qm qd (to give aby private information of athg. |[^p° not indigitare or innu- ere, Ruhnk. ad Muret. 2, 117). — signincare (to give to understand). — subjicere (to suggest; to h. to a person what to say or do). — summon ere (to give a warning or secret hint; only Ter. and Suet.).— -ci nutu signum dare (\ to give a sign). To h. at athg, signincare qd or de qa re. — tangere qd (to touch it). HINT, s. significatio (g. t., for making it understood who or what one means). — nutus (nod). To throw out several plain h.'s, multas nee dubias significationes jacere (Suet. Ner. 37). If I had given the slightest h, the thing might have been easily done, si innuissem modo, hoc facile perfici posset. HIP, coxa, coxendix. HIPPISH. See Hypochondriac. HIPPOGRIFF,*hippogryps(c/. hippocentaurus,&c). HIPPOPOTAMUS, hippopotamus (Pirn.). — equus fiuviatilis (Plin. 8, 21, 30). HIRE, s. merces; yearly, annua (for persons and things, as pay, wages for h.). — vectlgal (as the income of one who lets on h.). HIRE, v. conducere, with or without mercede or pretio. Hired labourers, operse conductae or merce- nariae. || To hire oneself out, se or operam suam locare (Plaut.); to aby, ci; for any purpose, ad qam rem. HIRED, conducticius (of persons and thing,). — mer- cenarius (of persons). — (mercede) conductus. — ( Egg^" conducticius and mercenariusare used in respect of the class to wch the person or thing h. belongs; (mercede) con- ductus, in respect of the person or thing h., considered individually as to its state : thus domus conducticia is a house belonging to the class of those wch are let on hire, as opposed to those wch are private property (see Pore. ap. Suet. vit. Terent. 1, extr.); domus (mercede) conducta is a house wch I have hired, in wch I live as tenant: miles conducticius or mercenarius is a soldier belonging to the class of those who serve for pay ; miles mercede conductus is one whom I have taken into pay. HIRELING. See Hired (of persons). HIRER, conductor. HIS, suus (when it relates to the principal sub- stantive of the sentence; i. e., to the definite sub- ject or object of the verb to wch it belongs itself). — ejus, illius (when it does not relate to the principal substantive of the sentence, and whenever the use of suus would create an ambiguity ; thus, accipiter cepit colum- bam in nido suo would leave it doubtful whether the hawk's nest or the dove's was meant : so Sextius . .ad eum [Scipionem] filium ejus adduxit, i. e. Scipio's; suum would be ambiguous. Achaei Macedonum regem sus- pectum habebant pro ejus crudelitate, L. ; but suus is even here used when the sense of the passage sufficiently guards agst the grammatically possible obscurity; cf. Kriiger, 407). EHHr 1. In a dependent sentence, suus is generally used when the 'his' relates to the subject of the principal sentence, provided it could not be referred to the subject of the dependent sentence itself; e. g. turn ei dormienti idem ille visus est rogare, ut quo- niam sibi vivo non subvenisset, mortem suam ne inul- tam esse pateretur ; sis, however, ejus is used in tins case (see remark on ejus, illius), and very often ipsius, wch should be regularly used when suus would produce an ambiguity ; e g. Caesar milites suos incusavit, cur desua [ = militum] virtute, aut de ipsius [= Caesaris] diligentia desperarent, Cces. ||-j§^" In the case of the ace. with the infin., 'is' is allowable, a) if the ace. with infin. does not depend immediately on the verb to whose subject the 'his' refers; e.g. Siculi me saepe pollicitum esse dicebant — commodis eorum me non defutuium ; the ace. and infin. depends immediately on pollicitum esse, not dicebant : /3) if the pron. relates not to the subject, but to the object, aranti Q. Cin- cinnato nuntiatum est, eum dictatorem esse fac- tum, G. ; but here sui is correct and common (Kriiger, 411)- HJrf^T In dependent clauses with a finite verb: if the verb is in indicative, ' is' is used ; if in the sub- junctive, suus : tangebatur animi dolore, quod domum ejus ... . reddiderunt nudam atque inanem, where it might be quod domum suam reddidissent, if the statement were not made as a fact. These rules, how- ever, are neither of them without exception (Kriiger, 411, 412). — 835tr 2. In co-ordinate clauses (joined by 'but,' 'and') 'is' is used; thus, when two subjects are connected by 'and,' the second being referred to the first by 'his,' ejus is used; but if the connexion is by cum, HIS suus is used; e.g. Isocrates et discipuli ejus; Iso- crates cum discipulis suis; so too, Isocrates sine discipulis suis.— Bg§P° 3. 'his' in Lat. is not expressed unless there is some emphasis or distinction, or the notion of possession is to be strongly marked ; e.g., not my boolc, but h., non meus liber, sed illius. — H. own, suus proprius. ejus proprius {when possession is strongly marked: the former, when the ref. is to the principal substantive; the latter, when not). — suus (when posses- sion is either not meant, or not strongly marked).— Hip" suus is sts strengthened by the appended met or pte, and by the addition of ipse, agreeing with the subject or other principal word to wch 'his' refers; Crassum suapte interfectum manu, C. ; saevitia, quam.... in sanguine ipse suo exerceret, L. 7, 4. Sts the ipse is in the gen., but this ' does not occur so often as Dra- henborch [Liv. 7, 40, 9] thinks' (Z.), when the ref. is to the subject; e.g. suum ipsius caput exsecratum, L. 30, 20, for ipsum. H. party, friends, fyc, sui : to render to every man h. due, suum cuique tribuere. 5§§p° ' On his part,' aft. a neg., nee ... quidem (e. g. sed nee Jugurtha quidem interea quietus erat, S. Jug. 51). HISS, v. sibilare ( @§|r sibilum edere, fundere, or effundere, are poet.). — btridere or stridere (to h. horribly ; also of iron plunged in water; Lucr. 6, 149). To h. and hoot, see Hoot. || To hiss at, off, or down, sibilare. exsibilare. sibilis consectari, conscindere (eKovpirrecv, to show dissatisfaction with aby by hissing; to h. at a speaker or actor). — qm sibilis vexare (Val. Max.). — e scena sibilis explodere (to drive off the stage by hiss- ing ; to h. an actor off the stage). — ejicere, exigere {eK/3d\\eiv, kKpiirreiv', g. t., by hissing, whistling, or stamping; to cry down either a speaker, author, actor, or a play; see Ruhnk. Veil. 2, 28, 3 ; Ter. Andr. Prol. 27). To be hissed down or off, ejici, exigi (to fail, eKiriTTTeiv) : to h. at or down a piece or piny, exigere fabulam : one that has never been hissed at, intactus a sibilo. HISS, HISSING, sibilus. sibilum (of the whistling of the wind, fyc, also of serpents, 0. ; and esply of popular assemblies, fyc). — stridor (the angry hissing of serpents, geese, fyc). HIST ! st ! or st ! tacete (cf. C. de Or. 2, 64 ; Fam. 16, 24, 2). HISTORIAN, historiarum scriptor. scriptor, with or without rerum, or rerum gestarum. rerum expli- cator. rerum gestarum pronunciator (so far as he arranges, writes down, or relates facts and occurrences). — rerum antiquarum scriptor (as describing the affairs of times long past). — auctor, with and without rerum, or rerum gestarum (so far as he is used or quoted as authority). — (@g3T historicus denotes rather a person who devotes himself to historical pursuits, a render or investigator of history, who, however, may also be a writer of history ; cf. Top. 20, 78. Np. Alcib. 11, 1. QUO/* not historiographus. An h. of great name or accuracy, auctor gravissimus : an h. of no authority, of no great accuracy, auctor levis nee satis fldus : the earlier h.'s, priores {v. Walch, T. Agric. 10, 1, p. 178): the old h.'s, scriptores veteres or antiqui; (fm context) veteres or antiqui only [Syn. in Ancient] : future h.'s, historiarum futuri scriptores. HISTORIC, HISTORICAL, historicus (opp. orato- rius, quotidianus, &c. ; e. g. genus historicum ; sermo historicus). But the word is to be used cautiously ; the genitives historiae, rerum, will often help. H. books, (not libri historici, but) literarum monumenta. commentarii. annates, literae. H, accuracy, historiae or rerum fides (historica fides only in O. Am. 3, 12, 44). To describe a person's character with h. accuracy, qm ad historiae fidem scribere (C). An h. painter, * qui res gestas, or res ex annalibus depromptas pingit : to illustrate a subject by h. examples, *ex annalibus deprompta referre de &c. : to pass fm mythological to h. times, ut jam a fabulis ad facta veniamus. H. painting, *res gestas pingendi ars. An h. picture, pictura (or tabula picta) rerum gestarum (aft. Plin. 16, 33, 60, and 35, 4, 7). A dry narrator of h. facts, non exornator rerum sed tan- tummodo narrator (C). ' Historical studies,' seephrases under History. HISTORICALLY, historice. To state athg as h. true, obligare verba sua historica fide (O.). HISTORIOGRAPHER, scriptor rerum (gestarum). — scriptor historiarum. See Historian. HISTORY, || A narration, narratio. — dim. narra- tiuncula. — memoria cs rei or de re (account that is in existence, or has been circulated ; e. g. de Myrone me- moria duplex prodita est). || History = collected narrative of events, res or res gestae. —memoria (446) HIT rerum gestarum.— memoria annalium. — res veteres. antiquitas (i. e. ancient h.). — literae (as far as contained in books or other written documents, esply as bearing on national customs and manners; Np.Pratf. 2; Pel. 1, 1). — historia or historia rerum gestarum (mostly im- plying a scientific or careful treatment of the subject). Fabulous or mythological h., historia fabularis (Suet.) ; fabulae. The Roman h., res populi Romani ; literae pop. Rom. ; historia pop. Rom. Universal h., per- petua rerum gestarum historia (C. Fam- 5, 12, 6). — flgggT An adj. with 'history' should mostly be trans- lated by a gen. with rerum; thus, sacred, profane history, historia rerum sacrarum, profanarum; or, at all events, historia, quam dicimussacram, profanam, &c. Grecian h., historia rerum Graecarum, or res Graecae only. To write a h., historiam scribere, componere, or instituere ; rerum gestarum historiam complecti : to write the h. of his own times, scribere historiam earum rerum, quae sunt ipsius aetate gestae (C): to write the Roman h., res Romanas, or populi Romani, historia comprehendere, perscribere ; res Romanas in historiam conferre : to complete a h., historiam per- ficere, absolvere: to study h., historiae se dare : to be well read or versed in h., historias plures novisse: to be very fond of h., esse magno studio rerum veterum : to have no knowledge of h., nullam memoriam antiqui- tatis collegisse. Well versed in ancient h., omnis anti- quitatis peritissimus. HISTRIONIC, histrionalis.— scenicus. See Thea- trical. HIT, v. icere. ferire. percutere (ic. mly by throwing, e. g. fulmine ictus. — fer. by pushing, striking; but also by missiles. — percut. stronger than icere, to strike a man such a blow as shakes him through and through). — pul- sare (to knock or strike either a person or thing ; of a person, to strike him with hand or stick, to wound his honour by a blow). — mulcare (to beat a man soundly with fists or clubs). To h. aby with a stone, qm lapide percutere : to be h. by a stone fm the w ill, saxo de muro ici : to h. the mark, or to ' hit' (absol.), scopum ferire, or ferire only ; collineare (e. g. quis est . . . qui totam diem jaculans iion aliquando collineet ? C.) : not to h. the mark, non ferire (of the person) ; deerrare (of the thing shot or hurled) : to h. the bull's eye, medium ferire : you have h. the right nail on the head, rem acu tetigisti (Plaut.Rud. 5, 2, 19) : aby is h. hard (as remark of another person) hoc habet (gladiatorial term). || To reach com pletely. To h. athg ( = to discover it b happy conjecture), qd (conjectura) ass£qui. have h. it, recte ! rem tenes ! acu tetigisti (Plaut. Rud 5, 2, 19). To h. (off) an exact likeness of athg or aby, veram cs or cs rei imaginem reddere. || To h. aby (by one's words), tangere (e. g. quo pacto Rhodium teti- gerim, Ter'. Enn. 3, 1, 30). To be h. hard( = to be taken in to a great amount ; col'oq.), probe tactum esse (Plaut.; = to be well taken in). Intrans.) To hit agst athg, offendere in qa re, or ad qd. impingi ci rei. allidi ad qd (Syn. in Dash agst). — incurrere in qd (to run agst; e.g. in columnas, C.). To h. agst aby, inefdere atque incurrere in qm. \\ To hit upon( = to meet or find accidentally ; light upon), incidere in qd. To h. upon the right word, aptum voca- bulum ponere (in writing). HIT, s. || Blow, vid. That is a palpable h. ! hoc habet ! (term of the gladiatorial shows = ' he has caught it this time.' ) A lucky h. ; see ' Lucky chance.' HITCH, v. || Trans.) To catch by a hook; see To Hook. || Intrans.) To h. along (= hobble on), prorepere (to creep forth or forwards; H., Col., Suet., Plin.; not C). — claudicare (to limp; propr. and im- propr.): ' to hitch in rhyme' (Pope), *versu claudicare (claud., of lame compositions, both C. and Q.). HITCH, s. || Hook, catch, vid. H Sudden im- pediment; see Impediment. HITHER, hue. H. and thither, hue illuc (e. g. cur- sare, C); hue atque illuc (e. g. intueri); hue et illuc (e. g. vagari, C.) ; turn hue turn illuc (e. g. volare, C). So hue illucque (Plin.) ; hue illucve (Cels. 6, 6, 36). HITHER, adj. citerior. HITHERTO, || a) Up to this time, adhuc. ad- huc usque, ad hoc tempus. ad hunc diem (up to the present point of time in wch the speaker lives). — (usque) ad id or illud tempus. ad id loci or ad id locorum (up to that point, when past circumstances are spoken of; respecting ad id loci, see Fabri S. Jug. 63, 6). Not . . . h., nondum. adhuc non (the latter form opposes the present to the future emphatically ; the verb will be i?i the present, perf. definite, or future. If a past time is referred to, ad id tempus is used ; gg^" non adhuc is not, as some assert, un-Class, ; Krebs ; cf. Pr. Intr. ii. om- y a You HIT 340). And not . . . h. ; nor ... h., necdum, neque dum.— neque adhuc (the latter if there is the marked opposition between ■present and Jut., as pointed out above; fg^fseld. et nondum). Nobody . . . h., nemo adhuc or adhuc nemo: no . . . h., nullusdum. nullus adhuc: nothing ... A., nihildum. nihil adhuc or adhuc nihil [see authorities in Krebs, adhuc]. See Yet.— ggp" Hactenus, ' up to this point,' 'so far,' is never 'up to this time,' in C. or Cces. ; but L. uses it in this sense [e. g. 7, 26, 6J ; so also 0. It is, however, classical and common in such a passage as ' hitherto I have treated of %c.,' with ref. to the progress of a speech, 8,-c, where, though it refers to space, the progress through that space requires time. — 1| b) Up to this place, (usque) ad hunc locum, hue usque. || c) Up to this point, hac- tenus. HITHER, WARD, horsum ( = hue vorsum, Com.). — hue. HIVE, s. alvus or alveus.— alvearium.— tectum (apium ).—also vasculum (small h.; Pallad. Jun. 7, 8) ; and, fm context, domicilium. — apiarium (Col.). — Sts mellarium (according to Varr.). To put bees into a h., apes in alvearium congerere (C. Fragm.) : to keep the h., alveo se continere: to make ah., alvearium facere or (t) vimine texere : the door or mouth of ah., foramen, quo exitus et introYtus datur apibus (Col. 9, 7, 5). To place h.'s on raised frames, three feet high, super podia ternis alta pedibus alvearia collocare (Pallad. 1, 38). HIVE, v. (apes) in alvearium congerere (C. Fragm. (Econ.). HO! eho! ehodum ! (Com. ho! you there! in ques- tioning or scolding exclamations, commands, <§ - c.) : ho ! (inter), of astonishment.) HOARD, s. acervus (e. g. aeris, auri, pecuniae). HOARD, v. coacervare (to heap together; pecuniam, C. ; the simple acervare not C). — construere (to pile up, divitias, H. ; acervos numorum, C). Jn. construere et coacervare (e. g. pecuniam, C.).— undique conquirere (to hunt for it every where; pecuniam, opes). — condere (to put in a secret place for preservation ; aurum). — se- ponere (to put aside, to lay by, esply = to h. for a par- ticular purpose ; ad or in qd; quod ex istis . . . rebus receptumest ad illud fanum [sc. ornandum] sepositum putare, C. ; pecuniam in aedificationem templi, L.). — accumulare (to add more and more to a hoard already existing, addit, auget, accumulat, C). HOARDER, accumulator (e. g. opum, T.; not found elsewhere). HOAR-FROST, pruina (often pi. pruinae, of a thick ft.-/.). Covered with h.-f., pruinosus.— pruinis obsltus (thickly covered). HOARINESS, color canus.— canities (+).— albitudo (capitis, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 32). HOARSE, raucus : somewhat h., subraucus : to cry or scream oneself h., ad ravim usque declamare (see Lindem. ad Fit. Duumv., p. 12): to become h., raucum fieri; irraucescere : to have made oneself (talked one- self) h., jam raucum esse factum (e. g. rogitando) : to ask athg till one is h., or to make oneself h. with asking, usque ad ravim poscere. HOARSELY, *rauca voce. HOARSENESS, raucitas (Cels., Plin.).— ravis (but only in ace. sing., ravim). HOARY, canus. H. hairs, cani capilli, or cani only. $gf* canities, poet. H. antiquity (poet.), antiquitas ultima, prisca vetustas (cs rei ; e. g. verborum, C). See Gray. HOAX, s. prps *lepidum quoddam commentum. *jocosa quaedam fraus (aft. jocosum furtum, H.). — facinus lepidum et festivum (Plaut. Pcen. 1, 2, 95). See Trick, Deception. HOAX, v. (egregie) ci imponere (to impose on aby ; g. t.). — ludere qm jocose satis (C). — qm lepide ludifi- cari (Plaut.). — *lepido quodam commento imponere ci. —ludere qm vafra arte (aft. 0. A. A. 3, 333). See To Deceive. HOBBLE, v. claudfcare (to halt; propr. and im- propr.): to have a hobbling gait, claudicare. HOBBLE, s. || Limping gait, Crcl. — claudicatio (lameness; C). || Scrape, vid. HOBBLINGLY. See Lamely. HOBBY-HORSE, HOBBY, || Propr.) arundo. To ride a h.-h., equitare in arundine longa, (H.). || Im- propr.) A man's h., studium cs (his favorite pursuit). — morbus et insania cs ( if he pursues it wrecklcssly, $c. ; both of Verres's passion for plate, ornamental furniture, fyc. ; venio nunc ad istius, quemadmodum ipse appel- lat, studium, ut amici ejus, morbum et insa- niam, C. 4 Verr. init.). Every man has his h., trahit sua quern que voluptas (V.)\ sua cuique sponsa, mini (447) HOL mea (Attil. ap. C. Alt. 14, 20, 3).— hie in illo sibi, in hoc alius indulget. To ride one's h.-h., ineptiis suis plaudere (T. Dial. 32, extr.). See ' Favorite pur- suit.' HOBBY, (a sort of hawk) *falco aesKlon (Linn.). HOBGOBLIN. See Goblin. HOBNAIL. See Nail. HOBSON'S CHOICE. It is H.'s c, *potestas optio- que, ut eligas, non est facta. — «optio non or nulla da- tur. — *nulla est eligendi optio. HOCK, s. suffrago (knee-joint of the hind leg of four- footed animals). — poples (g. t. for knee-joint ; of men or animals). HOCK, v. succidere poplites (L.). HOCUS-POCUS. See 'Juggler's trick.' HOD, *loculus caementariorum. HODGE-PODGE. See Farrago. HOE, ligo (broad, and with a long handle, long] ligones, 0., used for cleaning the ground, breaking the clods, fyc: the iron of the blade was curved; hence fractus ligo, Col., poet. 10, 88 : it had, probably, a nar- rower blade, a h., at the other end). — marra (post-Aug. ; nearly = ligo; lata marra, Col.). — capreolus (a two- pronged h., a fork for weeding ; fm resemblance of its prongs to goat's horns). — pasfinum ('furcum bimem- brum,' Col. 3, 18, 1 ; esply for weeding vineyards). — sarculum (with only one prong or blade ; hence the most like our 'hoe;' used also for loosening the soil, breaking the clods, fyc). — rastrum, or dim. rastellus (with many teeth, rake; but also used for weeding, breaking the clods, fyc. — $gjT Not rastellum). HOE, v. sarrire. — pastinare (to h. over a vineyard, fyc). — ggp Poet, expressions are agros findere sarculo; ligonibus domare or pulsare arva, &c. HOG, sus (g. t.). — porcus (also as term of abuse). — majalis (castrated). H.'s (as adj.), suiilus ; porclnus : h.'s bristle, seta suilla : h.'s flesh, (caro) suilla or por- clna: h. s lard, adeps suiilus. To deal in h.'s, suariam facere (Inscriptt.). A dealer in h.'s, negotiator suarius, or suarius, porcinarius only. HOGGISH. See Brutish, Gluttonous, Filthy, according to meaning. HOGGISHNESS. See Brutishness, Filthiness. HOGHERD, subulcus. suarius. To be a h.-h., sues pascere. HOGSHEAD, *mensura major, quam hogshead vo- cant; or cadus. dolium. See Cask. HOG STY, hara— suile (Col. 7, 9, 14). HOIDEN, *puella proterva or protervior. — *puella inculta. rustica, &c. HOIST. See To Raise, To Lift up.— suspendere ac tollere qd (Cccs. ). To h. up with ropes, funibus subducere (e. g. cataractam, L. 27, 28, 10). To h. sail, vela subducere. — vela pandere (to spread out the sails). HOLD, I) Trans. 1) To have seized hold of, tenere (in nearly all the applications of the Eng. word): to h. aby by the cloak, pallio qm tenere : to h. aby by the hand, ci manus dare (in order to lead him); qm manu retmere (to h. back with the hand). \\To hinder the motion of a person or thing; to prevent its advancing or falling, tenere. sustinere. reti- nere. sublevare (to support, lest he should fall; 'hold- ing each other up,' sublevantes invicem, L. 5, 47, 2): to h. (hold in) a horse, equum sustinere : h. me! (that I may not fall) retine me! h. the thief! tenete furem ! to be scarcely able to h. their arms, arma vix sustinere posse; vix arma humeris gestare (L.); vix armorum tenendorum potentia est (L. 21, 54): to h. one's breath, animam continere or comprimere. \\To hold or keep up in a certain direction, applicare or admovere ad qd : to h. a bunch of flowers to one's nose, fasciculum florum ad nares admovere : to h. a napkin before one's face or mouth, sudarium antefaciem obtendere (so that the face is concealed) ; sudarium ad os applicare. || To entertain, e. g. an opinion, sententiam qam habere, qd sentire. / shall continue to h. this opinion, de hac sententia non demovebor : to continue to h. an opinion, in opinione perstare, manere, permanere : to be better able to say what opinion I do noth., than what I do h., facilius, quid non sentiam, quam quid sentiam, posse dicere. I still h. my opinion, that we should do nothing, except %c, adhuc in hac sum sententia, nihil ut faciamus, nisi &c. See Hold, Intrans. = to be of opinion. \\ To hold toge- ther, continere {propr. and fig. ; e.g., to h. a state together, rempublicam continere, C). To be held toge- ther by athg, qa re adjungi et contineri (propr.); q»1 re contineri (fig.). \\ To consider, vid. || To retain a liquid without letting it run out, 8fc, humorem non transmittere : not to h. water IIOL humorem, aquam, &c, transmittere ; humor, aqua, &c, perfluit per qd (e. g. per dolium, cadum). [| To keep possession of, tenere, &c. See Possess, Retain, Keep. || To occupy, have, fyc. To h. an office, muims obire, sustinere ; munere fungi ; magistratum gerere : to h. the title of, appellari qm {e.g. regem) ; *qo nomine honoris causa ornari. || To hold la?ids, fyc. {as tenant), conducere {opp. locare, to let) : to h. lands of a {feudal) superior, prsedium velut fiducia- rium a qo accipere. || To restrain, vid., and to Hold in. || To b ind morally, tenere: tobe held by a vow or promise, voto, promisso teneri (C). See To Bind. || To support what one bears, lifts, fyc, tenere. — gestare {see Carry). To h. a boy in one's arms, puerum in manibus gestare (Ter.): to h. athg in one's hand, tenere qd in maim (C.) or manu (Q., H., fyc). || To contain in itself, continere (to h. in itself, to contain). — capere (to contain, of ves- sels, as a measure, fyc): an amphora h.'s twenty hemi- nce, amphora viginti heminas eontinet or capit. Miscellaneous. To h. a purpose, propositum tenere. To h. one's tongue, continere linguam ; but mlytacere; silere (see 'to be Silent'). To h. one's peace; see to b e Silent. To h. aby to his pro- mise, quae pollicitus est qs, exigere. To h. one's course any where, cursum tenere qo ; sts tenere only. Fields wch h. the water for a long time, agri, qui diu aquam tenent (Pall.). II.) Intrans. 1) To be firm or durable, conti- neri (to be held together, to h. firmly together; e. g. of a dam; as Cccs. B. C.\, 25). — firmum esse (to be firm, durable, to withstand external impressions ; e. g. of a door, aft. O. Am. 2, 12, 3). — frangi non posse [not to be able to be broken to pieces). — effringi non posse {not to be able to be broken open, of a door, fyc). — non rumpi (not to burst, of vessels, fyc). — manere, non eva- nescere (to remain, not to Jade, of colours). 2) To hold with any person or thing, i. e. to be on his side or party, stare a or cum qo ; esse or facere cum qo ; cs esse studiosum; ci favere {to favour a person or party ; e.g. the nobles). — malle qm or qd (to prefer a person or athg; see Sen. Ep. 36, 3): I hold with those who fyc, res mihi est cum iis. qui &c. : to h. with neither party, neutrius partis esse (to be neutral). || Ho Id = hold good (of statements, fyc), qd de qo or qa re vere (veris- sime) dicitur (e. g I don't know that what I have said of Corinth does not h. good of Greece generally, quod de Corintho dixi, id baud scio an liceat de cuncta Gra?cia verissime dicere, C.).— hoc in eo valet, in eum cadit, or ad eum pertinet U's applicable to aby). || To be of opinion, fyc, tenere qd (e. g., they h. that virtue is the chief good, illud tenent virtutem esse summum bonum). — Often by aio ('say'), and ' to hold that... not,' by negare (e. g. Democritus negat sine furore quem- quam poetam magnum esse posse, h.'s that nobody fyc). Hold back, || Trans.) (manu) reprehendere (both propr. and fig.), tenere. retinere.— tardare. retardare. — arcere. cohibere (Syn. in To Keep back). Toh. back fm athg, arcere qm (a) qa re (e. g. homines ab injuria poena arcet) ; retrahere qm a qa, re (e. g. consulein a fcedere) ; revocare qm a qa. re (e. g a scelere) : to h. back one's assent, retinere assensum ; to uncertain points, cohibere assensionem ab incertis rebus. \\ T o conceal, not declare, occultare. celare, &c. See Conceal. / will h. back nothing, nihil occultabo. — || Intrans.) cunctari. tergiversari ; Jn. cunctari et tergiversari. See To Linger. Hold forth, || To hesitate, vid. || Offer, pro- pose, see Hold out. \\ Declaim, harangue, vid. Hold in, inhibere (to h. in). — retinere (to h. back). — sustinere (to stop) : to h. in the horses, equos sustinere, or (if in a carriage) sustinere currum : to h. in the reins, frenos inhibere; habenas adducere : toh. in the breath, spiritum retinere ; an imam comprimeie. Hold off, || Trans.) See To Keep off. || In- trans.) *procul se tenere. — fugere or effugere qm. Hold on, || To continue or proceed in. To h on one's course, cursum tenere; also tenere only. || To last, tenere (L. ; imber, incendium, fyc. tenuit). obtinere (L.). See To Last. Hold out (athg), \\ Extend, praebere. —porrigere (e. g. cavam manum, of a beggar). — ostentare (to exhi- bit, e. g. cavam manum). — oftbrre («. g. jugulum, one's throat to be cut). To h. out one's hand (to be caned), manum praebere verberibus ( + ). || Propose, offer {e.g. hopes, rewards), proponere (e.g. praemium, prenam, &c). i| Intrans.) To hold out under or agst \ athg; or absol. a.) — endure, ferre. perferre. tolerare \ {to bear with vigour and strength). — sustinere. sus- tentare {to support oneself under athg). — excipere (448) I HOL {as it were to accept, not to yield to athg). — perpeti (to endure throughout, to the end). — durare. perdurare (to last out, by exertion ).— perstare. perseverare (to h. out in a course of action). — permanere (to h. out in a place) : to h. out (agst an attack of the enemy], hostium impetum sustinere, excipere : not to be able to h. out agst the enemy, hostes or hostium impetum sustinere non posse : to h. out (of persons besieged), urbem reti- nere defendereque : the sailors could not h. out ag*t the fury of the storm, naurae vim tempestatis subsistere non poterant : to h. out till night (of besieged persons), sustinere oppugnationem ad noctem. || To last, vid. Hold up, || Trans.) Raise, tollere. attollere. — levare. sublevare. allevare (to help up, assist, to sup- port). To h. up the eyelid, palpebram manu levare; one's hands, manus tollere; to heaven, tendere maims (supplices) ad ccelum : to h. up one's dress, vestem col- ligpre : to h. up aby (who is falling), labentem excipere : holding each other up, sublevantes invicem (L.). To h. up its head, extollere caput, se erigere (both fig. C. Plane 13, 33). || Intrans.) To continue fair. If the weather h.'s up, si erit sudum (C.) ; *si serenitas erit. HOLD, s. || Grasp with the hand; Crcl. (pre- hensio not used in this sense.)— $$jT ' Hold,' ivith a verb, is often expressed by a simple verb : to take or lay h. of, to get h. of, prehendere. apprehendere. com- prehendere. manu prehendere qm (by the hand) : to yet h. of aby (= to get him in one's power), qo potiri : to lay or take h. of aby's cloak, fyc, prehendere qm pallio (Plant) : to take h. of aby's hand, cs manum apprehen- dere (g. t.); dextram cs amplecti or complecti (in a friendly way ; also as one making a request, fyc); qm prensare (as a suppliant): to seize h. of, arripere ; of aby's hair, qm capillo; also involare ci in capillum (to fly at it) : a dog seizes h. of aby, canis qm morsu occu- pat : to seize h. of aby's beard, ci barbam invadere (Suet. Cces. 71). The infantry k^pt up with the cavalry by laying h. of their horses' manes, pedites jubis equo- rum sublevati cursum adaequant : to seize h. of an opportunity, occasionem or cs rei faciendas facultatem arripere; occasionem avidissime amplecti; opportu- nitate or occasione uti : to keep h. of, tenere : to keep fast h. of, pressis manibus tenere qd (e. g. fortunam tuam) : to keep h. of aby's hand, prensam cs dextram vi attinere (to prevent h>s striking; T.Ann. 1, 35, 3): the forceps takes fast h. of a tooth, forfex comprehendit dentem : to let go one's h. of athg, omittere qd (e. g. arma, habenas); manu emittere (to throw away); de (ex) manibus dimittere: to let go one's h. of aby ( = one's power over him), qm ex potestate sua dimitti re : to take h. of athg (i. e. to blame it, fyc), arripere qd ad reprehendendum (C.N.D. 2, 6). || That of wch one lays hold; support, fulcrum, fultura. — adminicu- lum (L. 21, 36, of what soldiers took h. of, to climb a rock, fyc). See Support. || Prison, custody, vid. || Hold of a ship {with all the rooms, cup- boards, fyc), caverna (C. de Or. 3, 46, 141).— alveus navis (the hull, the whole framework, exclusive of masts and rigging ; cf. S. Jug. 21). HOLDER, || Person who holds; Crcl with verbs under To Ho ld. The h. of a bill of exchange, *creditor ex syngrapha. || Instrument that holds, retina- culum (holdfast; athg to retain or hold fast or back ; prps only in pi.). I f =' something that con- tains ;' see Casts.. || Tenant, vid. HOLDFAST, retinaculum (g. t. ; see Holder: strong h.'s, vaiida retinacula, L.). — ansa or ansa ferrea (Vitr.; cramp, to hold two stones together, fyc). — fibula (for holding two things together). HOLE, foramen (any larger or smaller opening bored with a round instrument tapering to a point). — cavum (a h. hollowed out in the ground, in a wall, fyc. ; e. g. a mouse h., lion's den, fyc). — rima (a chink). — fissura (a cleft, greater crack or chink, prps also for a h. in a garment" for wch Juven. 3, 150, poetically uses vulnus). — lacuna (a gap, space not filled up ; e. g. in a pave- ment). — lumen (the opening of a window, of a door, as opposed to the drapery). — fenestra (the opening of a window, as opposed to a window-shutter). — vulnus (a wound). — gurgustium (a wretched dwelling). That has a h., perf'Matus (bored through); fissus (cleft, slit up): full of h.'s, laceratus (tattered, of garments, fyc); fora- mino'sus (full of bored openings; late); rimosus (full of chinks); cribratus (full of h.'s like a sieve); rams (porous, like a sponge). || To bore a hole, f-rate (g. t., to make a h. in athg). — perforare (to make a h. through athg, to bore through). — terebrare (to bore with a gimlet or other such instrument) : to bore a h., fora- IIOL men terebrare or terebra cavare. || Hole to creep out of{impropr.), rima qa (e. g. rimam qam reperire, Plaut.). See Excuse. HOLIDAY, dies feriatus (opp. dies profestus, Plin. IS, 6, 8, No. 1). — feriae. There are several h.'s next month, sequens mensis complures dies feriatos habet (Plin.): to take a h fm business, otium sibi sumere a negotio ; tempus vacat ab qa re : to be able to take a h., habere otium : to be so far able to take a h. fm business, Viatic., tantum ci a re sua est otii, ut &c. : not to be able to take a h., otium non est; vacui temporis nihil habere : to have a h., ferias habere or agere. H-Sp" not feriari, though feriatus = otiosus, ' making holiday,' is Class., but rare. — 1| Impropr.) To be making h., nihil agere. domi desidem sedere (to sit at home idle). HOLILY, sancte. religiose. — pie. caste. Jn. pie sancteque (e. g. colere). HOLINESS, sanctitas (the relative h. of a place, that is under the protection of the gods, or rendered sacred and inviolable by some divine law, also of a person, either fm his possession of any office that makes his per- son inviolable [e.g. royalty], orfm his moral purity and worth; less strong than the Engl. word. — j>fi^> sanc- titudo is an old word, used by C. in sanctitudo sepul- turae, but jrrobably fm his purposely choosing a solemn and unusual expression). — caerimonia (the h. of a god, or of a thing consecrated to a god, wch obliges us to regard it with religious respect and veneration ; thus, Cces. frag. ap. Suet. Cces. 6, speaks of sanctitas re rum, caerimonia deorum, quorum ipsi in potes- tate sunt reges ; so caerimoniae sepulcrorum, &c). — religio (the h. of a place or thing, the violation of wch is a sin agst conscience ; though it descends far lower than the word ' religion,' it sts, in philosophical lan- guage, ascends nearly to the [heathen] notion of it; e. #. religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae . . . curam caerimoniamque affert, C. Invent. 2, 63, 162 ; so cultus deorum et pura religio, C). — pietaserga or adversus deum {piety; adv. C. N. D. 1, 41). — Dei cultus pius (the holy worship of God). — cultus Dei et pura religio (€. ; the holy worship and inward piety). Jn. pietas et sanctitas (e. g. deos placatos efficit, C.) ; religio cxrimoniaque (of koly rites or worship) ; sanctitas et re- lido (C.) ; innocentia et sanctitas (Plin. — C. arranges the terms thus, quae potest esse pietas? quae sanctitas ? quae religio ?) To violate the h. of a place, cs loci reli- gionem violare ; also locum religiosum violare (C. Rabir. perd. 2, 7): to violate all h. (of sacred places and rites), omnes caerimonias polluere (L. 6, 41) : to lose its character of h., religionem amittere (of a place) : to take fm a place its character of h., locum religione lberare; locum exaugurare (of the solemn act of the augurs; opp. inaugurare). HOLLO ! heus ! H. Syrus, h. ! I say, heus Syre, heus! inquam H§fF In addressing a person indig- nantly, it is better to add tu. H. ! Rufio, have the good- ness not to tell any lie, heus tu, Rufio, cave sis [ = si vis] mentiaris (C). HOLLO, v. See Halloo. HOLLOW, ad;, cavus (both 'hollow' and 'hollowed out'). — concavus (concave; opp. gibbus). H. teeth, dentes concavi (naturally, e.g. the tusks of a boar ; opp. dentes solidi); dentes exesi (decayed, opp. integri) : h. eyes, lumina cava (t); oculi concavi: h. cheeks, genae concSvae (t). (i Of sound, obtusus (opp. clarus). — fuscus (opp. candid us ; also of voice). || False, v ureal, falsus. fictus. simulatus. fallax. — fucatus. fucosus (opp. sincerus, probus ; e. g. friendship). HOLLOW, s. cavum (g. t.). — recessus cavus (h. recess ; deep h., e. g., of the situation of the chameleon's eyes ; Plin.). — strix. canalis (fluted h. on a pillar, fyc). A little h., cavernula (Plin.). The h. of the hand, vola (the natural h. ; also of the foot); manus cava or con- cava (as made ; opp. manus plana ; e. g. in ' to scoop up water in the h. of one's hand') : the h. of a tree, exesae arboris truncus. HOLLOW, v. cavare. excavare. — exedere (to eat away ; of time making a tree hollow, fyc). HOLLOWNESS, || State of being hollow; Crcl. |! Hollow, vid. || Unsubstantial nature; see Emptiness. To perceive the h. of an argument, videre, nullum id quidem esse argumentum. HOLLY, ilex (Linn.). Common h., *ilex aquifolium (Linn.). HOLM-OAK, ilex. *quercus ilex (Linn.). As adj. iliceus, iligneus or ilignus. A grove of h.-o.'s, ilice- tum (Mart.). HOLOCAUST, holocaustum (Prudent.). — holo- caustoma, atis (Tert. ; both Eccl.). HOLY, sacer (iepos; as belonging to the gods; of (449) HOM buildings, places sacred to deities, even when not solemnly consecrated by the augurs; opp. profanus). — sanctus (ayvos ; placed under the protection of the gods; and, as such, guarded agst profanation : of m e n, it either refers to the inviolability of their persons, or to moral purity and innocence ; of places, sanctus is wider than sacer, extending to whatever must be retpected and uninjured; e. g., walls, gates, tyc. might bo sanctae res, but sacer applies only to temples, grovts, S;c: homo sanctus, a pure, moral man ; homo sacer w«uld be one devoted to the infernal gods, as a punishment for his im- piety).— sacrosanctus (a person or thing protected fm violation, fyc, by a sentence of death solemnly enacted agst the offender ; it was the t. t. of the tribunes and other magistrates, whose persons were inviolable ; though sanctus was also used in this sense: hence g. t. for ' very sacred,' fyc, the memory of aby or athg, memoria; but post-Aug. in this sense). — religiosus (scrupulous in the performance of duty fm a regard to the Divine law of right and wrong; also applied to divine things; e.g. tombs, oaths, ceremonies, fyc). Jn. sacer et religiosus (of things sacred to a god). — pius (observant of the duties that relate to the gods, as well as those that relate to country, parents, $c). — castus (morally pure, fyc.).— -venerandus. venerabilis (deservi?ig adora- tion or high reverence). A h. person (morally), vir (natura) sanctus et religiosus, integer et sanctus; qui pie sancteque colit deos (Deum) ; pius erga Deum : a h. duty, officium sanctum (preserved in its purity, held sacred; vid. C. Qu. 6, 26); officium pium (proceeding fm a pious mind). They esteemed it a h. duty and ac- ceptable service to 8fc, (qd facere) et pium duxerunt, et diis immortalibus (Deo) gratissimum esse duxerunt. A h. day ; see Holiday: a h. war, bellum pro reli- gionibus susceptnm: h. writ; see Bible: as we are told or taught in h. writ, ut sanctae literae docent; sicut sacrae literae docent ; quod divinis Uteris proditum est. The most holy place of a temple, occulta et recondita templi; sacrarium intimum ; penetralia (pi.). — ady- tum (Greek). I hold his memory ft., ejus mihi memo- ria sacrosancta est : to look upon athg as h., qd sanc- tum or sanctissimum habere : very h., qd summa caeri- monia colere (e. g. a chapel, sacrarium) : to swear by all that is h., persancte jurare : to keep h., religiose agere or celebrare (e.g. dies festos). || Holy Cross day, dies, quo Christi crux constituta est, ab omnibus Christianis religione celebrandus (celebratus, &c, aft. Plin. Ep. 10, 103). To make or declare athg h. ; see To Consecrate, To Dedicate.. HOLY GHOST, Spiritus Sacer. The H. G. dwells in aby, Deus secum est, intus est (Sen.; but better to keep Spiritus Sacer in Christian theology). HOLY WATER, aqua lustralis (t). Court h.-w., verba inania or mera; or verba only (e. g. verba istaec sunt). HOMAGE, || Propr.) (In feudal law) *necessi- tudo clientelae (as duty), or *homagium, quod dicitur (to make the passage intelligible); *sacramentum, quod patrono (or domino feudi) dicitur. To pay h., «sacra- men turn patrono (or domino feudi) dicere or in obse- quium cs jurare (Just.): to owe h. to aby, «clientelae necessitudine obligatum esse ci or 'vasallum (or feuda- torium) esse cs. || Impropr.) As due to a sove- reign; Crcl. To pay h. to (a king); see 'to swear fealty to;' in obsequium cs jurare (Just. 13, 2, 14); qm venerantes regem consalutare (of bowing the knee, fyc; T. Ann. 2, 56, 3; of a single person, use salutare [cf. C. Alt. 14, 12, 2], and of course the sing, of the partcp.). — BsiF More phrases in Fealty. — || Fig.) Respect, veneration, %c. (paid to a person or thing), observantia. reverentia. veneratio [Syn. in Reverence]. To pay h. to aby, qm sanctissime or summa observantia colere ; reverentiam ci habere, praestare, or adversus qm adhibere ; veneratione qm prosequi (T.) ; to athg, qd sanctum or sanctissimum habere, or summa caerimonia colere. H. is due to athg, qd habet venerationem justam (C ; also such h., tantum venerationis ; habet qd reverentiam, Q.). HOMAGER, *vasallus, *feudatorius (both as t. t.). — clientelae necessitudine obligatus ci. HOME, s. domus (the house ; hence the family, fyc, but not in the full sense of our word ' home.' Also h. = country).— patria (?ialive land). Jn. domus et patria; sedes et domicilium (dwelling-place, residence). At h., domi; inter suos (among one's own friends): to be at h. ( = country), domi or in patria esse : to leave one's k. ( = country), domum et propinquos relinquere: to re- turn h., domum or in patriam redire ; ad larem suum reverti : home(wards), domum : fm /»., domo :ath., domi (wch also takes the genitives, me», tuae, suae, nostrae, 2G HOM vestrae, alienae. But if another adj., or a gen. of the possessor, be added, it is more usual to employ the preposition ; as, in the h. of Ccesar, in domo Cassaris ; although Cicero says also domi Caesaris. In the same manner domum and domo take those pronouns without a preposition, and domum is also very frequently used with a gen. iviihout the preposition in or ad ; see Zumpt, §410): to remain at h., domi manere, remanere {to remain in the house, at h., when the others go out). — domi or domo se tenere or se retiners, domi attineri (to keep oneself at home).— publico carere or se abstinere. in publicum non prodire (not to appear in public, or to do so very seldom). — domi sedere, also with desidem (to sit inactive at h. instead of taking part in war, fyc). — nidum servare {not to go out of the nest; playfully for, always to stay at h. ; H. Ep. 1, 10, 6^ : not to go j?n h., domo non excedere or non egredi : not to stir a step fm h., domo pedem non efferre : one who seld. goes fm h., remains almost always at h., rarus egressu (T. Ann. 15, 53, 1) : not to be able to remain at h., durare in aedibus non posse: go h. ! in vestra tecta discedite! abite do- mum ! to return h., ad larem suum reverti: my father is at h., pater meus intus est (says a son in the front of the house) : to be at h., domi suae esse : he is not at h., est foris : to dine fm h., coenare foras : to drive, expel fm h , qm domo expellere ; qm foras protrudere: to be at h. any where, qo loco sedem ac domicilium habere (propr., to have one's habitation any where). — in qo loco haoitare (propr., to dwell in a place; fig. = to stay constantly in a place ; e. g. in the forum, in foro ; but fig., only = to be constantly occupied with athg, to make athg one's chief study ; see C. de Or. 2, 38, 160 ; de Legg. 3, 6, 1.5 ; therefore not = to be at h„ i. e. well versed or conversant in a thing : nor is regnare in qa re, applicable here; i. e. to have one's great strength in athg, to be able to do much or all in athg ; see C. Or. 27, 128). — in qa re versatum esse, qd cognitum habere (fig. to be well versed or conversant in athg) : to be at h. in every thing, nulla in re rudem esse: esply as I am at h. here, praesertim tarn familiari in loco. To fight for one's hearth and h., pro aris et focis pugnare ; pro tectis mcenibusque dimicare. (Prov ) Charity begins at h., proximus sum egomet mihi ; ego mini melius esse volo, quam alteri (both Ter.). H. is h., be it never so homely, *foci proprii fumus alieno igne luculentior. — || To return home, domum se convertere; domum reverti or redire.— 1| To fetch home, domum ferre or referre qd (things); domum deducereqm. adversum ire ci (to go to meet him and conduct him h.). \\ To go home, domum ire or redire or reverti (g t.). — domum abire (fm a place). — in sua tecta discedere (of a gr"at number who disperse to their various h.'s) : to send (or, make aby go) h., dimittere (to dismiss an assembled multitude or soldiers). \\ To bring home, domum referre (g. t.).— domum deducere(fo accompany or lead aby h.). HOME, adv. domum (ace): at h., domi. See Home, s. || Impropr.) Athg comes h. to me, qd mea mul- tum (magni, vehementt-r, &c.) interest (concerns me greatly); qd vehementer (Ccel. ap. C ) ad me pertinet, or me attingit ad meque pertinet (C. ; relates to, touches, affects me); qd in me cadit or convenit (is ap- plicable to me) : a discourse, fyc. comes h. to me, sermo nos tangit : to feel that athg said comes h. to us, sibi dictum putare or sentire : to press aby h., etiam atque etiam instare atque urgere : to strike h., ferrum adi- gere (per or in qd ; also ci rei, e. g. jugulo, Suet. Ner. 49; also vulnus adujere, T. ; vulnus alte adigere, V. JEn. 10, 850).— ferire vitalia (Q. ; of teaching a student of oratory to make h. thrusts). — plagam mortiferam in- fligere (to inflict a mortal wound; C.).— probe percutere qm (to strike him severe blows ; Com. Plant.). See ' to make Home [adj.] thrusts:' to drive athg h., qd quanto maximo possum ictu adigere (e. g. fabrile scal- prum, L. 27, 49) : to drive a nail h., *clavum quanto maximo possum mallei ictu adigere (aft. L. 27, 49) or clavum adigere only (clavum pangere = fix in a nail). HOME, adj. A h. thrust, plaga gravis (severe blow; also in oratory) ; plaga mortifera (mortal wound) ; vulnus alte adactum (t. V. JEn. 10, 850). To make h. thrusts, petere qm vehementer (to make a vigorous attack; C. Or. 68, fin., comparing a g'adia tor with an orator ; hence, may be used impropr., of attacking with words) , recte petere (Q. 9, 4, 8, of making a scientific blow or thrust in the paltzstra, 8rc): peti- tionem ita conjicere, ut vitari non posse videatur (propr. or impropr.; C. Catil. 1, 6); ferire vitalia (of an orator ; Q. 5, 12, 22) : to parry h. thrusts, tueri vita- lia (Q. ib.); petitionem ita conjectam ut vitari non (450) HOM posse videatur, effugere (C. ; or vitare, declinare, &c). Athg is a h. thrust, qd plagam gravem facit (e. g. oratio, C. Or. 68, fin.). Aby has received a h. thrust, habet or hoc habet (gladiatorial t. t.). HOME-BAKED, panis cibarius or plebeius (house- hold bread) or *domi coctus. — panis focacius (baked on the hearth, i. e. in the ashes ; hid. Orig. 20, 2, 15). HOME BORN, || Native, natural, vid. || Do- mestic, vid., awrf Home-bred. HOME-BOUND, domum or in patriam rediens. HOME-BRED, domesticus (found, existing, bred, fyc. in our own country; opp. foreign, exten us, adven- ticius; and also of persons, opp. alienigena ; also = born in or belonging to our awn family). Jn. domesti- cus et intestinus — vernaculus (propr. adj. fm verna [slave bom in the family]; but esply = domestic, truly Roman, fyc, opp. peregrii.us). Jn. domesticus ac ver- naculus (e. g. crimen, opp. de provincia apportatum). — *domi atque intra privates parietes educatus (edu- cated at home ; opp. one sent to a public school, $c). — nostras (ours, as having its origin in our country; of persons or things; nostrates philosophi, our h.-b. phi- losophers ; nostrates facetiae; both C). H.-b. evils, mala domestica or domestica et intestlna or dom. et vernacula: our genuine' h.-b. virtues, genuinae do- mesticaeque virtutes (C). If= rustic, u npolished, fyc, vid. HOMELESS, patria carens (g. t.).— profiigus (that wanders about in flight). — extorris with and without patria, patria tt domo (one who, being driven fm his native land, has no longer a home). To be h., patria or domo patriaque carere. HOMELINESS, no exact term, sts rusticitas or (if with praise) rusticitas antiqua (the homely simplicity of our fathers ; Plin. Ep. 1, 14,4); inconditum genus (e. g. dicendi. without artificial arrangement, %c): a certain h., subagreste quiddam or subagreste quiddam planeque subrusticum (C. ; the latter with more of fault implied) HOMELY, adj. subagrestis or subrusticus (Freund, surrusticus; both C. ; of what approaches to rusticity). — tenuis (slight; e.g. esca, cibus). Jn. tenuis et sim- plex (of what is provided with little expense or trouble, #c); tenuis et angustus (with ref. t- a scanty supply ; e. g vena in^enii, Q.).— tenuiculus (C. ; very slight, Sfc, e. g. apparatus, C. ; of a meal). — vernaculus \opp. pere- grinus, &c). Jn. aniiquus et vernaculus (what was in old times characteristic of our country, fyc). — incondi- tus (not artificially rrranged; e.g. genus d'cendi, C; carmina [militum], L. 40, 20). — inornatus (unadorned ; of persons, and of style; both C). Jn. tenuis et inor- natus (of style). — rudis (uninsiructed, untaught, un- practised). Jn admodum impolitus et plane rudis (e. g. forma ingenii, very h. ; of Cato's speeches, C.).— incultus [without cultivation, or the habits or polish of civilized life). — sobrius (e. g. mensa sobria, h. fare, a frugal table). HOMELY, adv. incondite, rustice. inornate, in- culte or inculte atque horride (e. g. dicere). — subrus- tice (Gell.; but C. us'cs the adj.). HOME-MADE, domesticus or vernaculus (opp. pere- grinus, made or produced in our own country). — *domi factus (made at home). HOMESICK, || To be or become homesick. I am h., miserum me desiderium tenet domus (in C, urbis); domus subit, desideriumque locorum (O. Trist. 3, 2, 21); *capit me desiderium domus or patriae: to be very h., *desiderio domus or patriae flagrare ; *desi- derio domus or patriae tabescere. HOME-SPUN, || Manufactured at home, do- mesticus.— nostras (having its origin in our own coun- try ; so ' our h.-s. youths,' nostrates adolescentes, aft. nostrates philosophi, C). \\ Homely, vid. HOMESTALL, HOMESTEAD, \\ Mansion, vid. || Original residence, sedes majorum. sedes so- lumque suum. — incunabula (with gen., or mea, nos- tra, sua, &c). HOMEWARD, domum (towards one's house or one's country). — in patriam (towards one's country; e.g. revertere, redire, revocari, &c). HOMICIDE, hominis caedes, or, fm context, caedes only.— homicldium (post-Aug., Q.,Plm.).— mors ci sed non per scelus illata (aft. C. Mil. 7, 17; to dis- tinguish it fm the crime of murder). To be guilty of h., hominis caedem facere; hominem casdere, inter- ficere. To be only guilty of h. (not of murder), tantum homicldam esse (Sen., though not in our sense); prps mortem ci, sed non per scelus, inferre (mort. per seel, inferre, C. Mil. 7,17): to be put on his trial for h., ho- micidii accusari (Q.). HOM HOMICIDE, {the person), homiclda. qui homi- nem interfecit, &c. {see preceding word). — *qui mortem ci, sed non per scelus intulit. HOMICIDAL, by gen. homicldae, &c. g^T homici- darius, very late ; Auct. Paneg. ad Constant. HOMILY. See Sermon. HOMOEOPATHIC, *homceopathicus. A h. doctor, •medicus homaeopathicus ; *med. similia morbis adhi- bens remedia. HOMCEOPATHY, «homceopathia. *ea medendi ratio, quae similia morbis adhibet remedia. HOMOGENEAL, HOMOGENEOUS, ejusdem ge- neris, eodem genere. HOMOGENEITY, ratio par.— idem genus. HOMONYMOUS, homon^mus (Q. 8, 2, 13; haec, quae homon^ma vocantur), or Crcl. with eodem nomine. HOMONYMY, Crcl. with homonjmus {adj.), or eodem esse nomine. HOMOOUSIAN, bomousius {ofioovo-cos, homoiisiam praedtcans Trinitatem, Hieron.). HONE, cos {gen. cotis). HONEST, || Upright, guileless, fyc, bonus, probus. — sanctus (Syn. in Honorable), sincerus {propr., without strange or foreign addition ; hence pure, genuine, opp. fucatus). — verus {true, opp. falsus, simu- latus). Jn. sincerus atque verus. — incorruptus (uncor- rupted, opp. corruptus ; these three of persons and things). — candidus {pure, of character). — simplex {plain, straightforward, simple). — integer {not influenced by any corrupt motive, impartial ; these three of persons). — aper- tus {open, not dissembling). Jn. apertus et simplex. An h. friend, ex animo amicus ; amicus fidus : an h. man, vir bonus or probus ; homo integer or innocens or reli- giosus ; homo sine fuco et fallacies {straightforward and h.); homo apertae voluntatis, simplicis ingenii, veri- tatis amicus ; homo antiqua fide ; vir minime fallax : aby looks like an h. man, cs probitatem ex ore ac fronte ejus cognoscere potes {aft. C. Fat. 5, 10 ) : an h. simple- minded man, homo antiquus {hence easily taken in) : an h. judgement, judicium incorruptum. || Honor- able, 8fc. vid. HONESTLY, probe, integre. sancte. recte {with moral rectitude). — sine fraude. sine fuco et fallaciis {without pretence and trickiness). — sincere, vere. can- dide. simpliciter. genuine, aperte. fideliter. ex ani- mo. ex animi sententia. sincera fide, sine dolo. sine fraude {in a guileless, upright, sincere manner) : h. ? bona fide? (e. g., are you in earnest?): to act h., sin- cere, ex animo, sincera fide agere; with aby, *sine fraude agere cum qo : to confess k., aperte et ingenue confiteri : to judge h., incorrupte et integre judicare : to speak h., loqui sincere, sine dolo or fraude : I will tell you honestly my own opinion, quid ipse sentiam vere, ingenue, aperte, ex animi sententia dicam : to speak h., ne mentiar; si quaeris or quaeritis or quae- rimus; si verum scire vis; ut ingenue or aperte dicam. HONESTY, probitas. — integritas. sanctitas {moral purity). — innocentia {blameless life). — fides (fidelity). Jn. integritas et fides. — sinceritas (candour, guileless- ness). — probitas et ingenuitas. — simplicitas (plainness, straightforwardness, in b ehaviour). — animus apertus (open hearttdness). g*^" Honestas is more than the Eng. honesty: = virtue as displaying itself in virtuous and noble sentiments; Bod. It may, however, be used for it when ' honesty' is used in a very strong sense. HONEY, mel: strained h., mel liquatum : refined h., mel purum; mel quod nullam habet spurcitiem : impure h., mel inquinatum: of or like h., melleus (e. g. sapor, color): seasoned with h., mellitus : belong- ing to h., mellarius : to make or prepare h., mel facere or conficere ; mellificare: to take h., mel eximere, de- metere; favos demetere : his speech is sweeter than h., oratio ejus melle dulcior fluit ; loquenti illi mella pro- fluunt. My h. ! mea mellilla! (Plaut.) mea melli- tula! (Appul.)— mi mellite! (to a husband; M. Aur. ap. Front.) H. bee, apis mellificans or quae melli- ficio studet ( 6§|r mellifera, t). HONEY COMB, favus. To build, make, fyc. a h.-c, favum fingere (C, Varr.). The cells of a h.-c. are Hexagonal, (favi) singula cava seua latera habent. Bees make a h.-c. with many waxen cells, opes favum fingunt multicavatum e cera (Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 24). HONEYED, mellitus.— dulcedine mellosa (late). To give h. words with bitterness in their hearts, in melle sitae sunt linguae qrm, lacteque ; corda felle sunt lita (Plant.). HONEY-SUCKLE, Monicera (Linn.). The common k.-s., "lonicera periclymSnum. (451) HON HONEYWORT, *sison {Linn., *sison amomum, hedge h. ; *sis. segetum, corn k.). HONORABLE, || Receiving or conferring honour, fyc, honoratus (receiving much honour; e. g., militia). — honestus. honorificus (that brings much honour). — decorus (respectable, decent, becoming) — gloriosus (glorious). An h. wound, vulnus adversum: an h. peace, pax honesta: an h. title, nominis honos : h. exile, exsilii honos (T. Hist. 1, 21, 2) : to receive anh. discharge, cum honore dimitti(2\ Hht. 4,46, 6): h. terms or expressions, verborum honos : to thank aby in the most h. terms, ci gratias agere singularibus (or amplissimis) verbis : to make (very) h. mention of aby, mentionem cs cum summo honore prosequi ; multa de qo honorifice praedicare ; in one's writings, celebrare cs nomen in scriptis : always to make h. mention of aby, numquam mentionem de qo nisi honorificam facere ; numquam nisi honorificissime appellare. || Worthy of honour, venerandus. venerabilis. honore dignus: veryh., quovis honore dignus. || Upright, bonus (good). — probus (honest). — integer, sanctus (morally pure, blameless): an h. man, vir bonus or probus ; homo integer or in- nocens ; homo religiosus (a conscientious man). — homo sine fuco et fallaciis (who has nothing counterfeit about him; who is what he appears to be) — homo an- tiquus (a man of integrity, but deficient in necessary prudence; see C. Ro.^c. Am. 9, 26): to look like an h. man, speciem boni viri prae se ferre : to lose the name of an h. man, viri boni nomen amittere : an h. man keeps his word, *boni viri est datam fidem servare ; *non cadit in bonum virum fallere fidem. HONORABLY, || In a manner that confers honour, fyc, honeste. honorifice. cum dignitate. Most h., honorificentissime, summo cum honore (e. g. qm excipere) : to salute aby h., qm honorifice salutare : to die h., bene mori. || Uprightly, probe, integre. sancte. recte. sine fraude. sine fuco et fallaciis (with- out deceit). — candide (uprightly) : to deal h. with aby, *sine fraude agere cum qo. He does not mean ft., homini fides non habenda : to pay h., recte solvere. HONORARY (e. g., member), *socius (or sodalis) honorarius; *honoris causa in societatem ascriptus or receptus. H. title, honos ; honoris nomen; titulus. HONOUR, v. honorare. ornare. decorare. prosequi (by giving outward demonstrations by athg, qa re). — honestare (to confer a permanent mark of h. upon aby). — revereri qm. reverentiam adhibere adversus qm. reverentiam praestare ci (by showing due respect). — observare. observantia colere. officiis prosequi (g. t, by external signs of respect, as by going to meet aby, by accompanying him, v-aiting upon him, 8fc). — magni facere. admirari. suspicere (to value highly; admirari, with admiration ; suspicere, with a sense of our own inferiority; cf. Cic. Off. 2, 10, 36) —colere. colere et observare. vereri et colere. venerari. veneratione pro- sequi (in heart and with reverence). A person or thing is honoured, qs or qd in honore est ; honos est or tribuitur ci rei ; justly, justam venerationem habet qs or qd : I am honoured by aby, in honore sum apud qm: to h. aby with tears, qm lacrimis decorare (poet.) or prosequi (esply the dead) : to h. and love aby above all others, qm praeter ceteros et colere et observare et diligere. To h. aby with athg, honorare qm (to do aby an h., absol., or with athg, qa re). — qm ornare qa re (to distinguish aby with athg). — qm colere qa re (to show one's respect to aby by athg): to h. aby with a letter, Uteris colere qm ; with presents, donis qm hono- rare, colere, prosequi ; with a visit, salutandi causa ad qm venire; with one's presence, praesentia sua (of one) or frequentia (of several) ornare qm; with one's con- fidence, consiliorum suorum conscium qm facere et participem. HONOUR, s. 1) External pre-eminence, ex- ternal dignity, honos (in almost all the relations of the Eng. word, whether the honour consist in pre- eminence before others, in outward dignity, in general and real esteem, or ohjectively in posts of h.). — dignitas. auctoritas (external dignity, grounded on the estimate of our desert). — decus. ornamentum (athg wch gives pre- eminence).— laus. gloria, fama (praise, glory, jame; an extensive recognition of one's merits). — observantia (ac- tual respect shown). The last h.'s, the h.'s paid to the dead, honos supremus; officium supremum: to tend or conduce to h., honori, laudi, decori or ornamento esse: it is a very great h. to me, that $c., summo honori mini est, quod &c. : to be an h. to, to bring h. to, ci honorificum esse . to be no h. to, pudori esse : to be an h. to a family to bring h. to it, domum hones- tare : your son is an h. to you, does h. to you, dignus te est filius : your behaviour does you noh., non te dignum 2 G2 HON facis (Comic): that causes or confers h., honestus; honorificus : to get h., laudari ; laudem merere : to con- sider, esteem, or hold as an h., to place one's h. in, honori or laudi ducere ; in honore ponere : do us the h. of an early call or visit, fac, ut quam primum ad nos venias ; cura, ut te quam primum videamus : / wish or hope for the h. of your presence or company, optabilis mihi erit tui prae'sentis facultas (see Plane, in Cic. Ep. 10, 4, 3) : to be or stand in h., in honore esse (of persons and things). — esse in qo numero et honore; cum dignitate vivere (of persons): to be held in h. by aby, apud qm esse in honore et in pretio : in very great h., honore or dignitate florere, dignitate excellere (of persons) : one who is held in h. by all, in quo est magna auctoritas : to deprive aby of his h., honore qmprivare: to hold in h., in honore habere (a person and thing).— colere, colere et observare, observare et colere (a person; colere also a personified thing, as urbem) : athg is held in great h., honos est ci rei : to hold athg just as much in h., ci rei eundem honorem tribuere (see C. Fin. 3, 22, 73) : to hold aby in great h., qm magno in honore habere; qm colere maxime or summa observantia; qm praecipuo semper honore habere : to undertake athg in h. of aby, honoris cs causa qd suscipere : a great feast is given in h. of a victory, est grande convivium in honorem victoriae : to do or show h. to aby, ci honorem dare, habere, tribuere, deferre, de- ferre et dare; honore qm afficere, ornare, deornare, pro- sequi: to do or show especial h. to aby, praecipuum honorem habere ci : to show all possible h. to aby, omni honore colere qm ; nullum honorem praetermittere, qui ci haberi potest : to heap h.'s upon aby, effundere, si ita vis, honores in qm (Pseudo-Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 15, p. med. ; the si ita vis is used, because the expression was unusual): to treat aby with all possible affection and h., qm liberalissime atque honorificentissime tractare : to show just and due h. to aby, honorem jus- turn ac debitum habere : the senate conferred upon him the extraordinary h. of erecting a statue to him in the Palalium, senatus honore rarissimo statua in Palatio posita prosecutus est eum : to pay divine h.'s to aby, deorum honores ci tribuere (C. Milon. 29, 79) ; qm inter deos colere, pro deo venerari, in deorum numero venerari et colere : to cause divine h.'s to be paid to oneself, ccelestes honores usurpare (Curt. 8, 5, 5) : to enjoy divine h.'s, deorum honoribus coli : to pay the last h.'s to aby, supremo in qm officio fungi ; supre- mum officium in qm celebrare (of or with several ; Curt. 3, 12, 11 and 14); suprema ci solvere; justa ci facere, praestare, persolvere : to endeavour or strive after h., famam quaerere : to try or endeavour to promote one's own h., honori suo velificari ; honoris adjumenta sibi quaerere (to look for a way to attain to h.): to strive after h.'s, honoribus inservire : to attain to h.'s, honores assgqui (e.g., gradually, gradatim); ad honores ascen- dere, pervenire ; honoribus augeri : to reach or attain to higher or greater h.'s, honoribus procedere longius; altiorem dignitatis gradum consequi; ascendere (ad) altiorem gradum; in ampliorem gradum promoveri : to attain to or reach the highest h.'s, ad summos honores pro v Shi ; ad summum honorem pervenire; ascendere in celsissimam sedem dignitatis atque hono- ris : gradually to attain to or to reach the highest h.'s, efferri per honorum gradus ad summum imperium : to be restored to one's former h.'s, in antiquum honoris locum restitui: to raise aby to h., ad dignitatem qm perducere : to bring or help aby to the highest h., qm ad amplissimos honores or ad summam digni- tatem perducere. 2) Good name, fyc, existimatio (good opinion wch others have of us; also with bona). — fama (good report, esply also the h. of a female ; also with bona; see Herz. S. Cat. 25, 3). — dignitas (good opinion acquired among the people by moral and political pru- dent conduct). To wound the h. of aby, cs existima- tionem offendere ; cs dignitatem labefactare : to injure or lessen the h. of aby, cs existimationem violare ; de cs fama. detrahere : to impugn or attack the h. of aby, cs existimationem oppugnare : to have a regard to h., famae or dignitati consulere ; famae servire: not to have a regard to h., dignitati or modestiae or famae non par- cere (the last, e.g. T. Ann. 13, 45, 3, of a woman): only a few looked to the h. of their country, paucis decus publicum curae (T. Ann. 12, 48, 1): to sully one's h., famam suam laedere: to guard one's h., collec- tam famam conservare : to suffer some loss of h., de existimatione sua. qd perdere or deperdere ; existima- tionis detrimentum or dignitatis jacturam facere: to forfeit one's h., in infamia esse; infamia laborare (Ulp. Dig. 3, 2, 6): my h. is at stake in that matter, mea existimatio in.ea re agitur; venio in existimationis (452) HOO discrimen : upon my h., bona fide : to promise utfig upon one's h , bona or optima fide polliceri ; fide sua spondere (Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10). b) In a narrower sense — maidenly innocence, decus muliebre (Z. 1, 48). — pudicitia. pudor (chastity). To rob a woman of her h., decus muliebre expugnare (L. loc. cit.); pudi- citiam ci eripere or expugnare ; vitium afferre cs pudicitiae; qam vitiare : to lose one's h., pudicitiam amittere : to preserve the h. of a maid, ci pudicitiam servare. 3) Dignity, external prosperity, honos : with h., in all h., honeste (e. g. divitias habere) : / do not know how to get off with h. in any other manner, alio pacto honeste quomodo hinc abeam, nescio (Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 49) : to return with disgrace to the place fm wch one went out with h., unde cum honore decesseris, eodem cum ignominia reverti : as a mark ofh., honoris causa or gratia (e.g. nominare qm). 4) The sense, principle, or feeling of honour, integrity, honestas (e.g. ubi est dignitas, nisi ubi honestas? &c, virtue as exhibiting itself in virtuous and noble senti- ments ; D'od.) — probitas. integritas. sanctitas (moral purity). — innocentia (innocent course of life). — animus ingenuus. ingenuitas (noble manner of thinking). — fides (credit, trustworthiness); Jn. integritas et fides; probitas et ingenuitas. — (famae) pudor (shame; fearing the loss of one's good name). A wretch not only without h., but who does not even pretend to it, ab omni non modo honestate, sed etiam simulatione honestatis relic- tus (C.) : one that has no h. in him, *homo nullo pudore : one that has a deep sense of h., homo summo pudore : if he has even a slight sense ofh., in quo est qs famae pudor. 5) A person or thing wch is an h. to others, ornamentum. decus. He was the light and the h. of our state, lumen et ornamentum reipubli- cae fuit. || Debts of honour (according to the un- just code of the fashionable world), damna aleatoria. || Post of honour, see Post. || To do the h.'s to aby, qm omnibus officiis prosequi (g. t.). — hospitio qm accipere (to receive him as his host). Guard ofh. ; see Guard. HOOD, cucullus. Having a h., cucullatus (e. g., of articles of dress). HOODED, cucullatus. HOODED MILFOIL, *utricularia (vulgaris, the greater; intermedia, intermediate ; Linn.). HOODWINK, || Propr.) oculum cs alligare (C), obligare (Sen.). || Impropr.) caecare aciem animi. occaecare mentem. qm caecum efficere (to blind aby's mind by passion, bribery, 8fc). — specie cs rei decipere (H.), fallere (Q. ; e. g. recti, H. ; boni, Q.). — specie cs rei assimulatae tenere qm (S., of retaining aby in one's party, #c.). See 'to throw Dust in aby's eyes,' fin. HOOF, ungula. A divided h., ungulae binae: an undivided h., ungula solida. The mark of a (horse's) h., vestigium ungulae (C). HOOFED, ungulas habens. HggT ungulatus, very late, Tertull. ; cornipes, poet. HOOK, s. hamus (g. t.). uncus (such as was fixed under the chin of condemned persons, when they were dragged to the Tiber ; also for surgical purposes ; Cels.): fish-h., hamus or hamus piscarius : to fish with a h., see ' to Fish with a rod:' to throw in the h., hamum demittere : to bite at the h., hamum vorare : the fish swims to the h., piscis decurrit ad hamum (K. Ep. 1, 4, 74). HOOK, v. inuncare qd or qm (to attack with h.'s ; e. g., a lamb with claws ; Appul. Flor. p. 341, 9); un- cum impingere or infigere ci (to fix a hook in aby's body, in order to drag him along, as was done at Rome to criminals; see C. Phil. 1, 2, 5; Ov. in lb. 166). HOOKED (see Crooked, where the Syn. terms are given), aduncus (poet., and post-Aug. prose; hamus, ungues, &c). — recurvus (t and post-Aug., prose). HOOP, s. circulus (circle; used for a cooper's h.). — trochus (Tpoxo?, the iron h. with wch the young Greeks and Romans played ; it was hung with little bells [gar- rulus annulus in orbe trochi, Mart. 14, 169]). — annu- lus (ring, or whatever is circular like a ring). — ferrum, quo qd vincitur or vincta est (iron h. ; e. g., round a wheel). To put h.'s round a cask, dolum cingere circulis. HOOP, v. circulis cingere (to h. a cask, dolium); or (g. t.) vincire qd qa re (e. g. ferro). FiOOP, s. (shout). See Whoop. HOOP, v. (to shout). See Whoop, v. HOOPER, HOOP-MAKER. See Cooper. HOOPING-COUGH, *tussis clangosa, claraosa, or ferina (med. 1. 1.). HOOT, v. 1) Absol. clamorem or clamores tollere. — obstrepere ingenti clamore (as interruption to a speaker^ HOO Q.). 2) To h. (or h. at) a person, acclamare ci (always in C. of a hostile clamour). — clamore or clamoribus qm pros&qui. vociferari et ci obstrepere (to try to h. down a speaker), clamoribus comectari qm (C). To h. and hiss aby, qm clamoribus (et conviciis) et sibilis eonsectari qm (C.Att. 2, 18); qm infesto clamore et sibilis vexare (Val. Max.). HOOTING, HOOTS, clamor ingens or infestus. clamores maximi. — contumeliosissimum atque acerbis- simum acclamationum genus (Suet.). HOP, v. salire (also of birds). To h. on one leg, singulis cruribus saltuatim currere (Gell.) ; *in pedem alterum or pedi alteri insistentem, sublato altero, salire : to h. upon athg, insilire in qd or supra qd ; down fm athg, desilire de qa re : to h. over athg, transilire qd or trans qd : to h. about here and there, (of a bird), cir- cumsilire modo hue modo illuc (Catull.). HOP, s. || Jump on one leg, only the g. t. saltus. || The plant, lupus. *humulus lupus (Linn.). H. gardens, ager lupis consftus : h. pole, *palus lupi. HOPE, s. spes (v. pr., as opp. to fiducia, full confidence; as Sen. Ep. 16, 2, jam de te spem habeo, nondum fiducia m. Meton. also for the person on whom one has fixed his hope; e. g. spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, C. Fam. 14, 4, extr.). — opinio (the opinion or conjecture ; the h. wch considers alhg probable because it thinks it possible). — exspectatio (expectation; the h. that athg will follow, the following of wch one has suffi- cient reason to assume as likely) : h. of athg, spes cs rei (e. g. immortalitatis) ; opinio cs rei (e. g. auxi- liorum) : a disappointed h., spes ad irrttum redacta or ad irrttum cadens : there is h. (of a sick person), ci spes est : I am in h.'s, that %c, spero fore, ut &c. : I en- tertain some, no h. about or of athg, spem habeo, de- spero de re (e. g. de republica) : to have the best h.'s in respect of athg, qd in optima spe ponere : I am in great h.'s, that fyc, magna spe sum, magna spes me tenet, followed by an ace. and infin. : I have the great- est h., maxima in spe sum : I entertain well-founded h., recte sperare possum (C. Fam. 14, 4, 5) : / have conceived a h., that %c, spes mihi injecta est, followed by an ace. and infin. : I am beginning to entertain a h., that 8fc, spes mihi affulget, with ace. and infin. : a person is influenced by the h. of being able, fyc, qs spe ducitur se posse &c. : there is h. of athg, e. g., of peace, in spe pax est: h. still exists, spes subest (see L. 1, 41, in.) : if there is or shall be h., si est or erit spes (of athg, cs rei; e. g., reditus): if, as I fear, all h. has disappeared, si, ut ego metuo, transactum est (see both, C. Fam. 14, 4, 3) : if there is no h., si nihil spei est : very little h. of deliverance exists, spes salutis pertenuis ostenditur : to have before one the h. of, cs rei spem propositam habere (C. Rab. perd. 5, 15; cf. in Ccecil. 22, 72) : to begin to entertain h.'s of athg, in spem cs rei ingrgdi or venire ; of obtaining athg, spem impetrandi nancisci : to form or conceive new h., spem redintegrare : to inspire aby with h., qm in spem vocare or adducere (the latter also of things) : to inspire aby with the h. of athg, cs rei spem ci afferre or osten- dere or ostentare ; spem cs rei ci ofFerre (of things) ; spem cs rei praebere: to conceive a h. of athg, spem cs rei concipere (e. g. regni) : again to form or conceive h. of athg, spem cs rei (e. g. consulates) in partem revocare : to entertain good h.'s of athg, qd in op- tima' spe ponere : to fill aby with the greatest h., qm summa spe complere : to fill aby with h. and courage, qm implere spe animoque (both of an occurrence) : to excite, raise, awaken h. in aby, qm ad spem excitare or erigere : to confirm a person in his h., spem cs confirmare : to give or raise good h.'s of oneself, dare spem bonae indSlis (|?§|r but bene sperare qm jubere, C. pr. Deiot. 14, 38, means to tell aby to hope the best) : to have good h.'s of aby, bene sperare de qo; bonam spem de qo capere or concipere : you look upon public affairs with h., bonam spem de republica habes : to weaken the h.'s of aby, cs spem infringere or debili- tare : to take away h. fm aby ; to rob or deprive aby of k., ci spem adimere or auferre or eripere ; ci spem incldere or praecldere (to cut it away, cut it short) : to be deprived or robbed of the h. of alhg, spe cs rei privari ; opi- nione cs rei dejici (see Cces. B. G. 5, 48) : all h. of alhg is cut off, omnis spes cs rei (e. g. reditfis) incisa est : h. deceives me, spes fallit, destituit me : should h. de- ceive me, si destituat spes: to follow an uncertain h., spem infinitam sequi or persgqui : my h. draws near to its accomplishment, venio ad exitum spei: to give up h., spem deponere or abjicere or projicere : to give up all h. of alhg, desperare de re : all the doctors give up h. of his recovery, omnes medici diffidunt: the doctors have given up all h. of his recovery, a medicis desertus est : (453) HOR to lose all h. of athg, spem cs rei perdere ; spe cs rei dejici : to rest one's h.'s upon a person or thing, spem suam ponere, reponere, constituere in qo ; spem suam ponere, reponere, defigere or ponere et derigere in qa re : to place one's h.'s of athg upon a thing, spem cs rei ponere or positam habere or collocare in qa re : the h. of athg depends upon $c, spes cs rei vertitur in qa re (L. 37, 26, 2) : my whole h. depends upon you; I have placed all my h.'s in you, spes omnis sita est in te: / have no h. but in myself, in me omnis spes mihi est : our only h. is a sally, nulla alia nisi in eruptione spes est. A glimpse, gleam, ray of h., see Glimpse. While there is life, there is h., asgroto dum anima est, spes esse dici- tur : not to have the slightest h., non (or nee) habere ne spei quidem extremum. || The forlorn h., *qui primi jubentur, scalis admotis, in mcenia evadere, or *qui eo jubentur proficisci, unde nemo se rediturum putat. HOPE, v. sperare. To h. confidently, confidere: to h. this, shows boldness; to effect it, courage, hoc spe concipere, audacis animi esse ; ad effectum adducere, virtutis : to h. well of aby, bene sperare de qo : not to h. well of aby, nihil boni sperare de qo : to h. every thing fm the victory, omnia sperare ex victoria : to cause to h. athg, ostendere qd (e. g. futuros fructus ; see C. Cat. Maj. 19, 17): a thing makes me h. that I shall effect something, qa re in spem adducor qd faciendi or conficiendi (see S. Jug. 37, 3) : to bid aby be of good heart and h. for the best, jubere qm bene sperare bonoque esse animo : athg makes me h. that all will turn out well, qd me recte sperare jubet : to have ceased to h. athg, desperare de re: to begin to h. that alhg will take place, e. g., that peace will be concluded, in spem pacis venire or ingre"di : to h. for athg, sperare qd; spem habere cs rei: to have h.'s of obtaining athg, exspectare qd (to look forward to it as probable) : to h. for athg fm aby, qd ab qo exspectare (opp. postulare). — 1 h. (as inserted parenthetically), spero; ut spero; id quod spero (parenthetical). HOPEFUL, a) That has much h., plenus spei; spe animoque impletus (filled with hope and courage), b) That affords much hope (as a son, daughter, pupil, fyc), bonae spei ; qui spem bonae indolis dat ; de quo bene sperare possis (see Np. Milt. 1, 1): very h., optimae or egregiae spei. A h. daughter, egregiae spei filia (T.). HOPEFULLY, Crcl. To regard athg h., bonam spem de q& re habere. HOPELESS, spe carens. spe orbatus. spe dejectus (that no longer has any hope. Jggp^exspes is only poet.). — desperatus (also = that is given up) : my affairs areh., omni spe orbatus sum ; nulla spes in me reliqua est : a h. state or condition, desperatio rerum : in a h. manner ; see Hopelessly: he lies in a h. state, omnes medici diffidunt (all the doctors give him up). HOPELESSLY, sine spe ; desperanter : almost h., exiguS cum spe (e. g. animum trahere). HOPELESSNESS, omnium rerum desperatio. HOPPER (of a mill), infundibulum. HOPPING. See Hop, To Hop. HORAL, by gen. horae, horarum. J§|p" horalis very late. HORDE, || Migra tory tribe,vagagens(Q.). — vaga multitudo (Q.). Wandering h.'s, vagae gentes (Q.) ; gentes sedem subinde mutantes (Plin. 2, 108, 112; but this use of subinde is post-Class.). See Nomad. — || Gang, vid. HOREHOUND, *marrubium vulgare (Linn. ; the common white h.). The black h., *marrubium ballotta (Linn.). The water h., *lycopus Europaeus (Linn.). HORIZON, orbis finiens (C.).~ orbis, qui adspectum nostrum definit (C). — circulus finiens. — finitor or finiens ; or linea, quae inter aperta et occulta est, or horizon (Sen. ; all N. Qucest. 5, 17).— linea, quae dici- tur horizon (Vitr.). To cut the h. at right angles, horizonta rectis angulis secare (Sen. N. Qucest. 5, 17). The sun rises above the h., sol emergit de subterranea parte or supra terram : athg bounds our h., qd aspectum nostrum definit. HORIZONTAL, libratus.— aequus (level).— directus (going straight on). To make athg h., ad regulam et libellam exigere : a h. surface, *locus ad libellam aequus.— libramentum. A h. line, linea directa. HORIZONTALLY, ad libram. ad libellam. HORN, || Propr.) cornu. A little h., corniculum : to butt with the h.'s, cornibus ferire, petere ( + ); agst each other, cornibus inter se luctari (f): to threaten with one's h.'s, cornua obvertere ci, or tollere in qm (also fig., of setting oneself to oppose him) : to give aby a pair of h.'s, adulterare cs uxorem ; cum cs uxore rem habere : to receive a pair of h.'s, *decipi uxoris adul- terio : of h., comeus : to turn to h., cornescere (Plin,). HOR || Melon, what resembles a horn: a) the h.'s of the moon, cornualunse; b) a drinking h., cornu; c) wind-instru- ment, cornu. buccina [see Trumpet]. To blow the h., cornu or buccinam inflare. HORNBEAM, *carpinus. The common h., *car- pinus betulus. HORN -BOOK, liber, quo pueri instituuntur ad lectionem (aft. Q. 1, 7, 17).— *libellus elementorura. — *tabulae literariae. HORN-LANTERN, laterna cornea (Mart.).— cornu (Plant., poet.). HORNED, cornutus.— comiger (poet.). HORNED CATTLE, cornuta, pi. (sc. animalia). Herds of h. c, armenta cornuta.— corniggra and ar- menta bucera are poet. HORNET, crabro. — *vespa crabro (Linn.). To bring a h.'s nest about one's ears, irntare crabrones (Prov., Plant). HORNY, corneus. corneolus. To become h., cor- nescere. HOROSCOPE, horoscopium (Sid. Ep. 4, 13; instru- ment for calculating nativities). — horoscopus (Pers. 6, 18 ; Manil. 3, 190, &c. ; aby's nativity).— genesis (the constellation under wch one is born; nativity; Juv., Suet.). See Nativity. HOROSCOPY, genethliologia (761/60X10X07/0, Vilr. 9, 6, 2), or Crcl. prsedictio et notatio cuj usque vitae ex natali sidere (C. Divin. 2, 42, 87). HORRIBLE, horribilis (to be shuddered at, 8ec; e. g. spectaculum, pestis, tempestas). — horrendus (mly +). — fcedus. abominandus. detestandus. detestabilis (aversa- bilis, Lucr.). nefarius. See Horrid. HORRIBLY, horrendum in modum. — valde, vehe- menter (excessively). HORRID, || Abominable, detestable, fcedus. abominandus. detestabilis. aversabilis (the last in Lucr.; all of persons). — nefarius (of persons, their de- signs, and actions). — immanis (horrible, of acts). — horribilis (e. g. sonitus, spectaculum, species, pestis, tempestas). — horrendus (t) : h. person, homo omni parte detestabilis : h. man ! hominem impurum ! monstrum hominis ! HORRIDNESS. See Fearfulness ( = terrible nature of athg). HORRIFIC. See Dreadful, and Fearful = drea dfu I. HORRIFY, terrere. exterrere. perterrere, &c. (hor- rificare, poet.) HORROUR, || Shivering, shuddering, horror (i. e. ubi totum corpus intremit, Cels.). \\ Dread, extreme fear, horror (cold trembling, fm fear; C. ). — terror, of athg, cs rei. H. seizes aby, horror perfundit qm (C); horror subit cs animum ; terror mini incfdit or me mvadit. || Extreme aversion, aversatio, of athg, cs rei (silv. age). — detestatio (of athg, cs rei, in Gell. ; the connexion does not occur in C. in this sense). — animus aversissimus a qo (a very great It. of aby) : to have a h. of athg, detestari qd : to have a h. of aby, abhorrere qm ; animo esse aversissimo ab qo. || Hor- rible action, res nefanda or infanda. res atrox or nefaria. — tragcediae (tragic occurrences ; cf. C. Mil. 7, 18). The h.'s of war, belli vastatio: to perpetrate and suffer unutterable h.'s, facere et pati infanda. HORSE, equus (g. t., and the usual word in the more elevated prose-style) — caballus (for ordinary ser- vices; a hack). — mannus (a Gallic h. or pony, kept for luxury : a palfrey, short, well-set, and fust-going). — veredus (light h., hunter, or courier's h., not used for drawing).— canterius (a gelding). A wild h., equus ferus, equiferus (in a state of nature): a spirited A., equus ferocitate exsultans. A h. rears, see Rear: the h. reared, and threw his rider, equus prioribus pedibus erectis excussit equitem (L. 8, 7): to fall over one's h.'s neck, trans cervlcem equi elabi (L. ib.): to wheel one's h. round, circumagere equum (ib.): to teach a h. to amble, equorum cursum minutis passibus fran- gere (Q. 9, 4, 13): to rub down ah., equum manibus confrieare or perfricare (both Veget.) : to bring a h. into good condition again, equum ad corporis firmitatem revocare (Veget.): a h. gets too fat, equus ultra modum sagtna proven\t(Veget): to mount ah., in equum ascen- dere: to alight fm one's h., ex equo descendere. (Prov.) One must not look a gift h. in the mouth, equi donati dentes non inspiciuntur ( Hieron. Ep. ad Ephes. procem.). Saddle h., sellare jumentum. HORSEBACK. To ride on h., equitare. equo vehi. To take exercise on h., equo gestari or vectari (to show oneself on h., fyc; e. g., of ladies ; cf. Plin. Ep. 9, 36, 5 ; Curt. 3, 3, 22). Exercise on h., vectatio (assidua) equi {Suet. Cal. 3). See To Ride. To hold a conference (454) HOR on h., ex equis colloqui (of two or several). To fight on h., ex equo (or ex equis, of more than one) pugnare; also equitem or equites pugnare (i. e., as cavalry ; opp. peditem or pedites, of their dismounting, to fight on foot). HORSE-BANE, *phellandrium aquaticum (Linn., water -hemlock). HORSE-BEAN, *vicia faba (Linn.). HORSE-BOY, *puer equarius. HORSE-BREAKER, domitor equorum, or,fm con- text, domitor only. HORSE-CHESTNUT, *aescu!us hippocastanum (Linn.). HORSE-CLOTH, tegumentum equi (g. t.). HORSE-COMB, *strigilis equis comendis. HORSE-DEALER, mango. To beah.-d., negotium equarium exercere (see Aurel. Vict, de Fir. III.). HORSE-DEALING, quaestus mangonicus (Suet. Vesp. 4). — negotiatio equaria ( Ulp.). HORSE-DOCTOR. See Farrier. HORSE-DUNG, stercus equinum. fimus equlnus or caballlnus |"Syn. in Dung]. HORSE-FLESH, caro equi.— caballiha (caro). To live upon h.-f., vitam corporibus equorum tolerars (see T. Ann. 2, 24, 2). HORSE-FLY, oestrus (so also Linn.). HORSE-HAIR, pilus equlnus (g. t.). — seta equina (the stronger hair; as a collective, pi., setae equinae): stuffed with h.-h., equino fartus (cf. C. Verr. 5, 11, 27). HORSE-LAUGH, cachinnus. — cachinnatio (as act). — mirus risus (portentous or astounding laughter, C). To burst into a h.-l., cachinnum tollere (C), edere (Suet.); in cachinnos subito efFundi (Suet.); cachinno concuti (to shake one's sides with laughter, with majore, Juv. ; hence magno, maximo, &c); mirum risum (mi- ros risus, of several) edere (C. Qu. Fr. 2, 10, 2): to burst out again into a h.-l., cachinnos revocare (Suet. Claud. 41). HORSE-LEECH, || Farrier, vid. || Kind of leech ; see Leech. HORSEMAN, eques (g. t.). To be a good h , equo habilem esse; equis optime uti ; equitandi peritissi- mum esse : to aim at the reputation of being a good h., equitandi laudem petessere (C. Tusc. 2, 26, 62). — || Horsemen = cavalry, vid. HORSEMANSHIP, «equitandi ars. Good h. is highly thought of amongst us, equitandi laus apud nos viget (C. Tusc. 2, 26, 62). To take great pains to acquire skill in h., equitandi laudem petessere (ib.). An exhi- bition of h., ludicrum circense (L. 44, S); or specta- culum circi (both propr. of the Circus maximus, at Rome); or *spectaculum desultorum (the desultores who leapt fm home to horse in the Bom. Circus being the nearest to exhibitors in our Circuses). HORSE-POND, locus ubi adaquari solent equi (see Suet. Fit. 7).— $®gT not fons caballlnus, Pers, Prol. 1, = 'fountain of Hippocrene.' HORSE-RACE, curriculum equorum. — cursus equo- rum or equester. — certamen equorum (as contest be- tween the horses). gggT Equiria were h.-r.'s in honour of Mars. HORSE-RADISH, *cochlearia Armorica (Linn.). HORSE-ROAD, *via, qua equo vecti commeant. HORSE-SHOE, solea ferrea.— vestigium equi (Plin. 28, 20, 81) The old Romans knew only the iron shoe they put on and took off at pli-asure; with the country people this shoe consisted only of broom, hence called solea spartea, or spartea only; see Schneid. Ind. ad Script. R. R. in v. solea ; but that the later Romans, even in the time of Vegetius, knew of the modern h.-s., as nailed on, is made very probable by modern scholars; see John's Jahrbb. 6, 3, p 366, sq. To put a horse's shoes on, equo soleas ferreas induere; equum calceare (in the ancient method), *equo soleas terreas clavis suppingere : to cast a shoe, vestigium or soleam fer- ream uugula excutere (see Plin. I. c). HOHSE-SHOE VETCH, hippocrepis. Tufted h.-s. v., *hipp. comosa (Linn.). HORSE-STEALER, equi, or equorum, fur (in a single case)— abigeus, abactor (habitually). HORSE-STEALING, furtum equi or equorum (in a single case). — abigeatus. abigendi studium (of the habit). HORSE-TAIL (the plant), *equisetum (Linn.). HORSE TRAPPINGS. See Trappings. HORSEWHIP, virga, qua ad regtridum equum utor, though this is a 'stick' or 'cane.'— *flagellurn, quo ad regendum equum utor, or, fm context, flagel- lum only. See Whip, s. HOR HORTATION. See Exhortation. HORTATORY, hortativus (Q.), or Crcl. A h. address, suasio (gjjj^" hortatorius, adhortatorius, &c, are mod. Lat.). HORTICULTURE. See Gardening. HOSE, || Trowsers or breeches, vid. || Stock- ings, vid. HOSPITABLE, hospitalis {that gladly receives guests). — liberalis. largus epulis [that gladly entertains). A h. house, domus, qu33 liospitibus patet : in ah. manner, hospitaliter; liheraliter. HOSPITABLY, hospitaliter (I.; e. g. invitare).— liberaliter {with ref. to the liberal entertainment given by the host). I liked my visit at Talna's, nor could I have been more h. received, fui libenter apud Talnam, nee potui accipi liberalius (C. Att. 16, 6). HOSPITAL, nosocomium (voa-oKofietov, *Cod. Just. 1, 2, IS and 22), or pure Lat., valetudinarium {in the time of the emperors, when h.'s were first established). Lying-in h., *lechodochIum. — domus publica, ubi par- turientibus opera praestatur. HOSPITALITY, hospitalitas {of one who cheerfully receives friends). — liberalitas {of one who entertains his friends bountifully). HOST, hospes {who receives friends under his roof). — convivator or ccenae pater {who gives a party). — caupo {publican). To reckon without one's h., spe frustrari. II Army, exercitus, &c, vid. || Consecrat ed wafer, panis eucharisticus {Eccl.). HOSTAGE, obses. To give h.'s, obsides dare: to demand h.'s, obsides exigere a qo; obsides imperare ci: to retain aby as a h., qm obsidem retinere. HOSTEL, HOSTELRY. See Inn. HOSTESS, a) Fm friendship, hospita or hospes. b) For pay, domina cauponas or tabernae [Syn. in Inn] ; opp. ministra cauponae {bar-maid, servant at an inn). HOSTILE, hostllis {having, showing, or, of things, indicating the feeling of an enemy ; inclined to break out in open acts of hostility). — inimlcus {of an un- friendly disposition). — infensus {incensed, enraged, em- bittered ; denoting an excited state ; it can only be used of persons or minds). — infestus {whose h. disposition threatens to show itself: denoting a quiescent state, it may also be used of things ; spiculum, oculi, exercitus; and of countries). Jn. inimicus atque infestus; infes- tus atque inimicus; infensus atque inimicus; inimicus infensusque.— adversus {g. t., opposed to); to aby, ci. To be h. to aby, inimico infensoque animo esse in qm: a h. feeling, animus infestus or inimicus; infensus animus atque inimicus ; animus hostllis ; animus alienus {dislike, estrangement) : to entertain h. senti- ments or feelings agst aby, inimicum, infestum, inimi- cum et infestum, or infestum et inimicum esse ci; inimico infensoque animo esse in qm: very h. feelings, aversissimo animo esse a qo ; to make aby entertain h. feelings agst another, cs odium in qm concitare: to adapt ah. feeling, spiritus hostiles induere {T. Hist. 4, 57, 3): to regard aby with the most h. feelings, qm animo iniquissimo infestissimoque intueri : to inspire aby with h. sentiments agst another, odium cs in qm concitare ; qm or cs voluntatem ab qo abalienare {to render averse or disinclined to): to become h. to aby, odium in qm concipere : in a h. manner, hostllem in modum : a h. country, hostium terra {an enemy's coun- try), hostllis terra or regio (C), or armis animisque infesta inimicaque (C.) HOSTILELY, hostiliter. inimice. infense. HOSTILITY, animus infensus inimicus, or in- fensus atque inimicus. animus hostilis {see Enmity). H.'s, hostilia, ium. To commence h.'s, hostilia ccep- tare, f'acere, audere : to cease h.'s, ab armis recedere. HOSTLER, servus equarius, or equarius {late ; adj. Val. Max. ; subst. Solin. 45). HOT, || Pro pr ) calidus {warm, more or less, opp. frigidus). — candens {of a glowing heat, red h.). — ier- A'ens fervidus {boiling h.). — aestuans (that really, or, as it were, boils up or ferments with heat). — aestuosus {full of boiling or fermenting heat, sultry; e.g., a wind, a day, road, S,c). — ardens. flagrans {on fire, inflames; fig., of the passions): red h., rutilus : a h. day, dies calidus, fervens, aestuosus : in h. weather, and along a dusty road, I ended my journey, iter conficiebamus aestuosa et pulverulenta via : to be h., calere, candere, fervere, aestuare (with the same difference as the adjj. above) : to grow or become h., calefieri. calescere. in- calescere. tervescere. effervescere. candescere. incan- descere, also with asstu {this, however, only with the poets) : to make or render h , calefacere {also fig. = to roast aby; to attack or set upon him with words; see (455) HOU C. Qu. Fr. 3, 2, in.); fervefacere {propr.). To be h., candere {to grow red by the heat of fire). — ardere {to be on fire).— fervere {to be boiling h ). — aestuare {stronger than fer ere, = to be in agitation and ferment through heat). — Fig.) ardere {of the glow of the eyes; then also of the heat of the passions). — flagrare {stronger than ardere, of the wild bursting forth of violent passions) : to be h. with anger, ira ardere or flagrare: to be h. after aby (i. e., to feel violent love), ardere amore cs ( fgp" poet, ardere qo or qm). A h. soil, solum fervens or (stronger) aesiuosum (Plin. 15, 5, 6; 17, 19, 31): h. wines, vina fervida {It. Sat. 2. 8, 38). H. oven, furnus calidus {Plant.). H.-air pipes, impressi parietibus tubi, per quos circumfunditur calor. qui ima simul et summa fovet aequaliter. H. springs, aquae calidae or calentes; aquae calidae, or aquarum calentium fontes. — || Fig. a) Too lively, too violent, calidus. ardens. fervens or fervidus. acer (violent; then also very lively) : a h. horse, equus calidus or acer : a h. temper, ingenium ardens or fervidum: a h. youth, a youth of h. temperament, juvenis ferventis animi : h. in one's decisions, rapidus in consiliis suis (L. 22, 12): a h. engagement, pugna acris; prcelium acre: where the battle is at the hottest, ubi Mars est atrocissi- mus (L. 2, 46) : when the contest became hotter, certa- mine accenso : there was some h. fighting, acriter pugna- batur ; magna vi certabatur ; acriter or acerrime prce- liabantur (sc. nostri et equites): h. after athg (too eager or desirous for it), flagrans cupiditate cs rei; cupidissi- mus cs rei. b) Angry, inclined to anger, iratus. iracundus. praeceps ingenio in iram. pronus in iram (g. tt.). — concitatus (roused, excited, as a mob). — ira incensus, flagrans, ardens (very angry) : to be h., ira" flagrare, ardere (fig., to be very angry): aby is terribly h., qs furenter irascitur. HOT-BATH, balneum calidum. H.-b.'s, thermae. See ' Hot springs.' To take a h.-b., calida lavari. HOT- BED, *area stercore satiata. — *area vitreis munita (if under glass; cf. Plin. 9, 5, 23). HOTCH-POTCH, farrago (with ref. to the contents; Juv. 1, 86). — sartago (with ref. to the words; Pers. 1, 80). HOTEL, || Inn, vid. \\ Town mansion of a wealthy person, insula (large private house, with no adjoining houses).— turris (any towering edifice; hence=castle, fyc.).—but jgHT domus (as g. t.) is the usual term. HOT-HEADED, fervidioris animi. — iracundus (pas- sionate). — praeceps (ingenio). A h.-h. young man, ju- venis ferventis animi. HOT-HOUSE, *hypocaustum hortense ; or Crcl. plantarum hiberna, quibus objecta sunt specularia or objectae sunt vitreas (aft. Mart. 8, 14) : or *plantarum hiberna vitreis munita. HOTLY, Fig.) a) Too violently, ardenter. ferventer. acriter. cupide. — avide (desirously). To pursue the enemy too h., cupidius or avidius hostem insequi; acrius instare hostibus: to speak h., ferventer loqui : to act h., calide agere. b) Angrily: to write too h., iracundius scribere. HOTNESS. See Heat. HOTSPUR, homo stolide ferox. — homo iracundus (passionate). HOUGH, s. genus commissura. — poples. HOUGH, v. succidere poplitem or (of several ani- mals, or of more legs than one) poplites (succisis femi- nibus, poplitibusque, L. 22, 51). HOUND, canis venaticus (|g^" Canis venator poetic; canis ad venandum is bad Latin without some addition, as in, a good h , canis ad venandum nobilis, where ad venandum depends on nobilis): to keep h.'s, canes alere ad venandum (where ad venandum de- pends upon alere). (Prov.) To hold with the h.'s, and run with the hare, utrique parti favere ; duabus sellis sedere. HOUND'S-TONGUE, cynoglossus (Plin.). — «cyno- glossum (Linn ). HOUR, hora (both as the twenty-fourth part of a day, and as an indef. portion of time). — hora? spatium (the def. space of one h.). — horae momentum (the short space of an h., considered as the space within wch something happens). Half an h., semihora: an h. and a half ses- quihora: three-quarters of an h., dodrans horae (Plin. 2, 14, 11): the twenty-fourth part of an h., semuncia horae (ib.): in an h., in hora: in a single h., in hora una (Plant.) : above an h., more than an h , hora ara- plius or horam amplius (e. g. hora or horam amplius ... jam moliebantur, C. Verr. 4, 43, 95, where Zumpt reads hora, Orell. horam : cf. Zumpt's note, who shows that both forms are allowable) : an h. before, fyc, hor3 HOU ante, quara, &c. : in or within three h.'s, intra tres horas ; tribus horis : in the short space of an h., horae momento : in a few h.'s, brevi horarum momento ( Just. 2, 14) ; paucis momentis (in a short space of time ; e. g. multa natura aut affingit, aut mutat, &c, C): in a very few h.'s, paucis admodum horis : three h.'s (long), tres horas ; per tres horas : for several h.'s, per aliquot horarum spatia: fm h. to h., in horas: every h. ; see Hourly : from this very h., inde ab hoc temporis mo- mento: to have hardly four h.'s start of aby, vix qua- tuor horarum spatio antecedere (i. e. to be four h.'s march before him, Cces.) : at or to the hour (the fixed h.), ad horam : every h., omni tempore: up to this h., ad- huc (g§sf° not hucusque, wch never relates to time). In dating his letters he always added the h. at wch they were finished, ad omnes epistolas horarum momenta, quibus datae significarentur, addebat : in the last years of his life, Mcecenas never got an h.'s sleep, Maecenati triennio supremo nullo horae momento contigit som- nus : to sleep for several h.'s together, plures horas et eas continuas dormire (aft. Suet. Oct. 78) : hardly to utter a word an h., horis decern verba novem dicere (Mart. 8, 7): day and h., tempus et dies : the hour of aby's birth, hora natalis (H. Od. 2, 17, 18), or bora qua qs gignitur orgenitus est (aft. Just. 37, 2, 2; both of the h. of a child's birth); tempus pariendi (with ref. to the mother) : aby's last h., hora novissima or su- prema : in his last h.'s, eo ipso die, quo e vita excessit : leisure h.'s, otium. tempus otiosum (when we have no business on our hands), tempus subsecivum (the time one gets or steals, as it were, from one's business or studies): to steal an h. or two fm one's studies, qd sub- secivi temporis studiis suis subtrahere : to grant a few h.'s delay, dieculam addere (Ter. Andr. 5, 2, 27): lost h.'s, horae perditae (aft. Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 16, poteras has horas non perdere). \\ The Hours (goddesses), Horae. HOURLY, singulis horis (in every hour). — singulis interpositis horis (at the end of each hour; e.g. singulos cyathos vini dare).— omnibus horis (ut all hours; every hour). — in horas (fm hour to hour). HOUR-PLATE. See Dial. HOUSE, s. domus (a h. or a place for living in, with all its appurtenances, as, the h. properly so called, the court, garden, fyc. [hence — mansion, palace]; also that of animals, as, of the turtle; then also meton. = h. affairs; again = the family inhabiting the h. ; and g. t., the h. of a citizen). — aedes, pi. ; aedificium (the dwelling-h., the building, opp. to other places or single parts of it; see Np. Att. 13, 4, domus amcenitas non aedificiosedsilvaconstabat. Ipsumenim tec turn &c). — domicilium (g.t., a dwelling-place or residence, which any one occupies for a certain space of time ; see Cces. B. G. 6, 30, aedificium circumdatum est silva, ut fere sunt d o m i c i 1 i a Gallorum, &c. ). — insula (a large build- ing, separated on all sides from other buildings; the slave who had the superintendence of such was called insularius) — tectum (propr. a roof , frequently used by the Romans for 'house,' considered as a place of pro- tection). — familia (the inhabitants of a h., esply the ser- vants; then also the family fm wch any one is de- scended). — genus (the family fm wch any one is descended). — res familiaris (h. affairs). A small h., domuncula. aediculae. — casa (a cottage, hut): a large town h., palatium. moles (in respect of immense extent): in the house, domi: in or at my h., domi meae ; in domo mea ; domi apud me (|g^" domi meae, tuae, suae, nostras, vestrae, alienae ; but with any other adj. or with gen. of the possessor, the prep, is pre- ferred ; e. g. in domo Caesaris, though even C. says domi Caesaris : see Home) : from h. to h., per domos ; ostiatim (from door to door) : to search aby's h., inquirere apud qm (g. t. C. Att. 1, 16, 12); to order aby's h. to be searched, immissis (lictoribus ceterisque) publicis mi- nistris angulatim sedulo cuncta perlustrari jubere (Ap- pul. Met. 9, p. 237, 25; cf. Petron. 98, 1): to search aby's h. for stolen goods, apud qm rem furtivam quae- xeie (Just. InstA, 1); furtum quaerere in domo cs (Fest. p. 199, Dae). |giir The 'act of searching aby's h.' was scrutinium (Appul. Met. 9, p. 237, 25) : to find the stolen goods in aby's h., rem furtivam in cs domo de- prendere : to set one's h. in order, omnes res diligen- tissime constituere (Hirt. B. Afr. 88).— sarcinas colli gere, antequam proficiscar e vita ( = prepare for death, Varr. R.R. 1, init.) : to leave or quit a h., emigrare (e) domo (opp. immigrare in domum, to get into a new h.): to keep open h., ci quotidie sic coena coquitur, ut invo- catis amicis una ccenare liceat (aft. Np. Cim. 4, 3) : property in h.'s, urbanum praedium (applying not only to property in towns, but to the possession of any build- (456) HOU ings: cf. Vlp. Dig. 50, 16, 198). The affairs of the h See 'Domestic affairs' || House and home, sedes (a residence).— fundus (an estate, land and h.). — domus et fundus, or domus et possessiones (a h. and estate or possession). To drive any one fm h. and home, exturbare qm e possessioni- bus, or bonis patriis, or laribus patriis, or fortunis om- nibus : to leave h. and home (in order to go into a foreign country), domum et propinquos relinquere (to leave one's home and relations): to fight for h. and home, pro tectis mcenibusque dimicare ; pro aris et focis pugnare (both of the inhabitants of a town, country, fyc). The master, the mistress of a h., herus, hera (in respect of those under them) ; pater, mater familias or families (in respect of the family) : the people (servants) of the h., domestici, familia: back of the h., postica pars or postlcae partes aedium, domus postica (the building or buildings behind); aversa domus pars (as opp. the front of the h. ; the windows of wch look into the court) : to creep out through the back of the h., domo postica clam egredi ; per aversam domus partem fur- tim degredi : from my, our /*., a me, a nobis (esply in Plaut. and Ter.) : to keep the A., domi or domo se te- nere or retinere (g. tt.); publico carere or se abstinere ; in publicum non prodire (to show oneself seldom in public); domo non excedere or non egrSdi (not to stir from the h.); domo abdi (to hide oneself in one's A.): never to quit the h., domo pedem non efferre: to be in the h., see ' to be at home :' to drive aby from one's h., qm domo expellere, extrudere, or ejicere ; qm foras trudere. To entertain in one's h., hospitio accipere or excipere qm ; hospitio domum ad se recipere qm, hospitium ci praebere (as a guest) ; in domum suam recipere qm ; tec to accipere or recipere qm ; tectum praebere ci (g. tt., to receive into one's h., under one's roof; acci- pere, more as a friend ; excipere and recipere, as a protector, %c.) ; recipere, receptare qm or qm ad se (to receive to oneself, esply of those who conceal thieves, fyc, hence called receptores) : to be received into aby's house, esse in hospitio apud qm ; hospitio cs uti. HOUSE, v. || To place under shelter for pro- tection, condere (e. g. frumentum). — contegere. Jn. condere et reponere (e. g. fructus) ; reponere con- tegereque (e.g. arma omnia, Cces.). — in tecta contegere (e.g. troops, milites). || Receive under one's roof, tecto recipere qm (Cces. B. G. 7, 66, 7).— recipere qm in tectum (Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 16).— hospitio qm exci- pere. — mcenibus tectisque accipere qm." tectis et sedi- bus recipere qm (these two of the inhabitants of a town harbouring soldiers, exiles, #c). — stabulare (g. t. to place animals in a stall, Varr. R. R. 1, 21). To be housed, tectum subiisse (of a person). — stabulari (post- Aug. of animals). — or the passives of the verbs above given. || Intrans.) To reside tinder aby's roof, habi- tare cum qo (also used impropr., as Milton, §■c. = 'if ever once') : if any body, si quis (un emphatic). — si aliquis or quispiam (if any, be it who or what it may). — si quis- quam or ullus (if there be any, wch is very improbable : also when the meaning is that the statement is true, if there be but any of the thing in question, whereas there is much or are many, fyc. ; Pr. Intr. App. p. 193). As if, as though, quasi; tanquam si; ac si; velut si (with the subjunctive ; and {|§|r that the Eng. must not mislead us: pu gnat quasi contendat, he fights as if he contended, or were contending, pugnavit, quasi contenderet, &c. ^°«o/ ceu in Classical writers) : as carefully, as if, sic, quasi (C. Verr. 4, 54). Aft. many words, esply those denoting ' appearance, pre- tence, suspicion,' or the like, ' as if is represented in Latin by accus. and infin. ; e.g. moveo nonnullis suspi- cionem velle me navigare; simulat se aegrotare ; also, videtur scire. — // only, see Provided that. || In comparison, si; e.g. si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat, if athg it is painting, i. e. painting pleases me as much as athg. || In asseve- rations or entreaties, si; e.g. moriar, si quid- quam fieri potest elegantius. IGNEOUS. See Fiery, Fire. IGNIS FATUUS, * ignis fatuus. IGNITE, || Trans.) See 'to set fire to.' || In- trans.) See 'to take fire.' IGNITIBLE, concipiendo igni aptus. concipiendis ignibus idoneus. Very i., ignis capacissimus. IGNIVOMOUS, ignivbinus (late, Lacfant.). IGNOBLE, ignobilis (in all the meanings of the English word: homo, magister, familia, &c). — inglorius (without glory). Jn. inglorius atque ignobilis [of a man, C). — inhonoratus atque inglorius (e. g. vita, i/, is more a natural image, with ref. to its like- ness; simulac. = ei'<3o\oi>, an artificial image, with ref. to its deceptiveness ; effig., with ref. to its artistig execution. Imagines may be half-length portraits, and effig., busts; whereas simulacra are generally, and a statua always i.'s of the whole figure. Signum is a general expression for a plastic i., whether a bust or a whole-length; but signum, like simulacrum, is used by the best authors of statues of a god esply ; statua being exclusively that of a man ; Schulz. To this should be added, that effigies may also be a mental i., as far as this stands, as it were, before us). Jn. effigies simula- crumque. effigies et imago ( $gf effigies, simulacrum hominis, his mere likeness; opp. ipse homo; C. Verr. 2, 2, 55). —imago picta. imago ficta (distinguished in C. Fam. 1, 12, 7 ; the former painted, the latter modelled or cast ; also figura fictilis, C). — clipeus (a likeness of the bust only, executed in silver or gold on a shield- like plate, scutum ; inly as a votive offering ; see Suet. Brem. Cal. 16). To make i.'s, signa fabricari: to make i.'s of wax, fingere e cera, (C). A brazen i., simulacrum ex aere factum (or imago. ..facta) ; signum aeneum : an i. of clay, plaster of Paris, fyc, imago fictile (also similitudo ex argilla, in clay, PLm.) : a little i., imaguncula (g. t. Suet.); sigillum, icuncula (modelled in wax, fyc). An i. in alto-relievo, ectypon; in half-relief, protypon: a full sized i., simulacrum iconicum ; effigies iconica: an image of colossal size, statua colossea (so Nero jus- serat colosseum se fingi) : an exact i., effigies solida et expressa. effigies eminens (opp. umbra et imago, or imago adumbrata, sketched in a light manner ; all im- propr., C. Off. 17, 69). To make man in the i. of the gods, fingere hominem in effigiem deorum (O. — C. has deus ... effigies hominis et imago). To make an i. of aby or athg, imaginem cs or cs rei exprimere (with graving-tool, pen, or spoken words) : to convey an i. of aby or athg (in words), dicendo effingere cs rei imaginem ; depingere (verbis), or describere qd or qm : to sketch an i. of athg, qd adumbrare ; speciem et formam cs rei adumbrare (propr., with the graving-tool ; or impropr., with words). To sketch an i. after the life, •ima- ginem cs ad verum ( §§*j|r not ad vivum) describere. — || As representation of athg in the mind, ima- go, species, forma. Jn. species et forma, informatio. A faint or indistinct i., imago adumbrata. adumbratio (see above). To picture to oneself the i. of athg, fingere cogitatione cs rei imaginem; rem cogitatione depin- gere; cogitatione et mente complectiqd; animo effin- gere qd ; qd in animo informare. The i. of athg appears to me, imago cs rei ad animum meum refertur, or in animum meum recurrit or in me incidit (C.N.D. 2, 38). — || Fig ure of speech, vid. — || Used for exact resemblance; Crcl. He is the exact i. of his father, insignem patris similitudinem prae se fert ; mira similitudine totum patrem exscripsit : to be the i. of aby in any respect, ex qa. re similitudinem spe- ciemque cs gerere. IMAGERY, prps pi. imagines ; sts species. IMAGINABLE, quod cogitari or excogitari potest. To show one all i. honour, "nihil relinquere, quod ad cs honorem excogitari potest; "nullum praeteimittere honorem, qui ci haberi potest : to take all i. pains about athg, *maximo, quo fieri potest, studio in rem incum- bere: with all i. haste, omni, qua fieri potest, celeritate: the greatest i. difference, quanta maxima potest esse distantia. Sts the neut. of the pron. quisquis may 2 II IMA be used in expressions, such as ' all i. wickedness,' quidquid maleficii est ; quidquid mali aut sceleris fingi atque excogitari potest ; scelera omnia : ' every i. consolation,' quidquid solatii afferri potest ; or a double neg. is employed, as ' every i. kind,' nullum non genus. IMAGINARY, imaginarius (happening in form or notion only ; e. g. neque se imaginariis fascibus ces- suros esse, L. 3, 41; not met with before Liv.). — opina- tus (supposed only; e. g. a good or evil, opp. verus). — opinabilis (e. g. omnes animi perturbationes sunt opi- nabiles, C). — adumbratus (sketched in appearance only, opp. verus). — inanis (unfounded ; e. g. metus). Sis fictus. simulatus (pretended). I. difficulties, *difficul- tates, quas sibi qs ipse fingit (Wyttenb.). Athg is »., not real, qd est opinionis, non naturae. /. forms, formae, quae reapse nulla? sunt, speciem tamen offerunt (C. Div. 1, 37, 81). To entertain an i. fear of athg, opinione timere qd (C). It may often be translated by, a) id quod videtur esse, neque est ; e. g. ' an i. expediency,' ea quae videtur utilitas, neque est ; id quod videtur utile esse, neque est ; b) species, with gen. An i. advantage, species utilitatis. See Apparent. IMAGINATION, cogitatio; but the post-Class, ima- ginatio (Plin., T.) or vis imaginandi may be necessary in a philos. treatise; Krebs; Weber, Uebungsch. p. 264. A mere »'., species inanis : a creature of the i., species or forma menti objecta. To exist in i. only, in opinione esse (opinatus in past parlcp. is Class.). || Con- trivance, device, vid. IMAGINATIVE. The nearest terms are prps inge- niosus. — facilis et copiosus (e.g. ingenium, Q.). — velox et mobilis (e.g. ingenium, Q.); but as none of these come up to the meaning, prps *qui facile sibi omnia cogitatione fingit, effingit, depingit, &c ; *qui ad res cogitatione depingendas uber fecundusque est (uber et fee, ft); *qui divite est vena ingenii (aft. H.); cui ingenii est beatissima ubertas (Q. 10,1, 108); *qui et ad excogitandum acutus, et ad ornandum est uberri- mus (aft. ft). The i. faculty, ingenium (opp. judicium, Q. 10, 1, 130). IMAGINE, || Form a representation in the m i n d, animo cogitare, concipere, complecti ; also cogi- tare only. — animo fin gere, effingere. cogitatione fingere or depingere (to form an image of athg in the mind). — proponere sibi ante oculos animumque (to place clearly before one's mind and eyes). — 1| C onjecture, conjectura informare ; also conjicere only (t>i conjecture). — imagi- nari belongs to silv. age. — || To entertain an unfounded notion, opinari. inopinionees.se (to be of opinion). — putare (to think ; without going deeply into the question). — induisse sibi falsam cs rei persuasionem (Q. 1, 1,8). — somniare (to dream). — sibi persuadere (penuade oneself). No one has imagined that %c, nemo in opinionem venit, fore ut &c. : no one imagined that fyc, nemini in opinionem veniebat, with ace. and infin. (e. g. Antonium rerum potiturum, Np.) I i., opinio mea est or fert ; videor mini, with nom. and inf. (e. g. a principio amens fuisse). or with inf. I just now imagined that I heard the soldier's voice, audire vocem visa sum modo militis (Ter.). || 'I imagine,' inserted parenthetically ; opinor. ut opinor. credo (credo, like to? eotnev, implies irony, the proposition it is applied to being absurd or self-evident ; puto or ut puto, inserted so that the clause is not made dependent, is CI. but rare ; see C. 12, 49, 1 ; Ccel. C. Fam. 8, 3, 3; Vatin. C. Fam. 5, 1, 9. Krebs). To cause aby to i., adducere qm in opinionem ; opinione qm imbuere ; opinionem ci inse- rere. || Think, putare. — arbitrari. reri. See Think. || Contrive (devices, 8rc), excogitare. — fingere. com- minisci. — machinari. — coquere. concoquere. To i. de- ceit, dolos nectere, procudere (Com.). IMBECILE, imbecillus (weak, of body, and fig. of the mind; with or without animo). Jn. (of the mind), imbecillus atque anilis. See Feeble, Feeble- minded. ggp° imbecillus is the reading of the best MSS. of C. and other authors; and imbecillissimus (Cels.) has the best authority; see Krebs : it is better, therefore, quite to reject imbecillis, imbecillimus. IMBECILITY, imbecilliias (feebleness of mind and body); imbecillitas animi (Cces. ; mental i.). IMBIBE, imbibere (to drink in, propr. and fig.). To i. a colour, colorem bibere, imbibere : to i. errours with our nurse's (or, as we say, mother's) milk, errores cum lacte nutricis sugere: to i. an opinion or notion, opi- nionem animo imbibere : to i. a doctrine fm aby, verba cs adbibere. IMBITTER, exacerbare (very rare; recenti qa ira exacerbati animi, L. 2, 35). To i. aby's life, vitam cs insuavem reddere : to i.joy, gaudium aegritudine conta- (466) IMM | minare (Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 4) : aby's pleasure is imbillered, corrumpitur cs voluptas dolore (H. Sat. 1. 2, 39). IMBODY, 1MBOLDEN, IMBOSOM. See Em- body. &c. IMBRUE (only used with ref. to blood), cruentare (e. g. gladium, C ; se cs sanguine, T. ; mensam cs sanguine, ft; dextras, 0) — imbuere (e.g. imbuti sanguine gladii legionum vel madefacti potius, C. Phil. 14, 3, 6 ; and imbuere gladium scelere, fig. Phil. 5, 7, 20).— madetacere (to make dripping wet; stronger than imbuere; see last quotation: Graeciam madefac- tum iri sanguine, ft). To i. one's hands in the blood of aby, cruentare manus cs sanguine (Np.); manus caede cs imbuere (T. Ann. 1. 18, 2); manus imbuere morte cs (Alt. ap. Non. 521, 8); manus imbuere san- guine cs (Fell. 2, 20, 1). Imbrued in aby's blood, cruen- tus sanguine cs (C, of persons or things, vestis, gia- dius); respersus caede cs (Catull. 64, 181); madens cs caede (0.). To be imbrued, madere (e.g. sanguine, V.), or the passives. IMBROWN. See To Darken. IMBUE, imbuere (in all the senses of the Latinized English word ; e. g. propr., lanam coloribus ; animum opinionibus, studiis ; pectora pietate, L. ; imbutus superstitione, qa humanitate, &c). IMITABILITY, Crcl., with quod qs potest imitari. 1MITABLE, imitabilis. — quod imitari possumus. — ggir imitandus = what we ought to imitate, tu milii maxime imitabilis, minime imitandus videbaris (Plin.). IMITATE, imitari (g. t.).— imitando or imitatione exprimere. imitando etfingere. imitando effingere et exprimere. imitari et exprimere; or, fm context, expri- mere or effingere only (to form athg in imitation of something else). — assimulare qd (to make an imitation that may pass, without being detected as a counterfeit; e. g. hyaenae assimulant sermonem humanum). — aemulari (to i. fm a spirit of emulation. Jggp" Up to the time of Q. it took the ace. in the sense of emulate, rival (without bad meaning), imitate; but in the bad sense of 'rivalling,' 'envying,' a dot. [iis aemu- lamur, qui ea habent, quae nos habere cupimus, ft] ; once in L., cum qo, 28, 43). — cs vestigia sequi or per- sequi. cs vestigiis insequi (to tread in aby's footsteps, to take him as a paltrrn). — adumbrare (to i. by a pic- torial sketch with suitable, but not fully finished, lights and shades, 8,-c. ; also of the orator ; see C. de Or. 3, 4 ; Q. 7, 10, 9). Jn. imitari atque adumbrare.— mentiri (i. e., to substitute a counterfeit, a lie for the truth; post-Class, mentiri juvenem, Mart. ; color, qui Chry- socollam mentitur, Plin). To i. athg successfully, qd imitando conse\|ui : not to i. athg. imitationem cs (rei) omittere (to give over imitating it). — nullam cs rei sig- nificationem dare (not to show any signs of having imi- tated it; e.g. rerum Graecarum, C. de Or. 2,36, 153). To inspire aby with the desire of imitating it, imitandi cupiditate incitare qm. Imitated, imitatione expressus. H§p" Imitatus is, in a few instances, used passively for ' imitated;' C. Tim. 5; Q. II, 3, 61 ; nee abest imitata voluptas, O. Met. 9, 481. Krebs rejects this usage, but see Freund. — Eveiy letter and every erasure was imi- tated, literae lituraeque omnes assimulatae. IMITATION, 1| As an action or state, imitatio (g. t.). — aemulatio (an emulating ; see To Imitate, on imitari and aemulare). — cacozelia (an aping, Q.). Ex- cessive i., nimia imitatio : servile i., *imi»atio servilis (opp. liberalis ; i. e., a rational one) ; also Crcl. with imitari ; e. g. ad imitationem cs se conferre, or ad qm imitandum se conferre. To propose alhg for »., qd ad imitandum proponere : by i., imitatione. imitando. — || Thing imitated, res imitatione or imitando ex- pressa ; res imitando efficta ( |g>§§^ Imitamentum does not belong to Class, prose). To be an i. of athg, imita- tione ex qa re expressum esse. IMITATIVE, qui (quae, quod) imitatur, with proper ace. To be i. of athg, imitari qd : i. joy, adumbrata laetitia (T. Ann. 4, 31): i. sagacity, mentita sagacitas (Plin. Pan. 81). The i. arts, arte?, qua3 in effi ctu positae sunt; artes effectivae (Q. 2, 18, 2 and 5' ; but the meaning is far wider; all the arts that produce some visible thing by their operation = iroiriTiKt]). IMITATOR, imitator.— aemulus. aemulator (Syn. in Imitate). — cacozelus (in a bad sense, an ape). A ser- vile »., *imitator servilis: the slavish i.'s, imitatores serviles; servum pecus imitatorum (said contemptu- ously; H. Ep. 1, 19, 19). IMMACULATE, integer, incorruptus. inviolatus (ggp°immaculatus, poet., Lucan). IMMANENT. See Inherent. IMMANITY, immanitas. feritas. IMM IMMARCESCIBILE. See Unfading. IMMASK. See To Mask. IMMATERIAL, || Without matter and tub- stance; see Incorporeal. To prove or maintain that any being is i.; see Immateriality. An i. being, mens simplex nulla re adjuncta, qua sentire possit. || Unimportant, vid. IMMATERIALITY, Crcl. To prove the i. of athg, qd sine corpore esse probare {aft. Q. 2, 17, 17). Plato maintains the i. of God, Plato sine corpore ullo Deum esse vult (C. N. D. 1, 12, 13). IMMATURE, immaturus (propr., not ripe, Col., 8fc. ; and impropr., too early, premature, mors, in- teiitus. — consilium, L. 22, 38). See Unripe, Prema- ture. IMMATURELY, immature {Col. 11, 2, 3; Veil. 2, 116). See Prematurely. IMMATURITY, immaturitas (e. g. sponsarum, Suet.) ; haec immaturitas tanta (C, of premature haste, fyc). See Unripeness, Premature. IMMEASURABLE. See Immense. IMMEASURABLY. See Immensely. IMMEDIATE, || Without the intervention of athg else, ipse (per se). — proximus (the next). — nullo interveniente. An i. cause, causa efBciens, abso- luta et perfecta per se (the immediate efficient cause); causa proxima or adjiivans et proxima (i. e. the nearest cause, but itself depending on a remoter cause, the causa perfecta et principalis). IMMEDIATELY, confestim. continuo (opp. ex intervallo, mora qa interposita : confestim denotes haste, and therefore presupposes an agent ; continuo denotes the absence of any interval or break between the two actions). — extemplo. e vestigio (opp. to delay of any kind ; extemplo = ex tempore [tempulum, tem- plum, a short space of time], on the instant, this instant; the best word for doing athg on the moment, in circum- stances of difficulty, when there is no time for delibera- tion ; e vestigio, on the spot). — illico ( = in loco ; opp. to slowness; Dod. thinks that it is confined to actions done on one and the same spot; e vestigio, of actions that are preceded by a change of place ; Schmalfield thinks that extemplo is used of nearly continuous, illico, of absolutely continuous actions). — statim. pro- tinus (opp. to' a future time, postea, alio tempore, &c. In this sense protinus is found in L., Np., and later writers ; but not in C. or earlier writers, except in one passage, oratio perspicue et protinus conficiens auditorem benevolum; Inv. 2, 15, 20. In other pas- sages of C. and Cces., it is found with a verb expressed, denoting or implying progress, what was done fur- ther, fyc, hostes protinus ex eo loco ad flumen Axo- nam contenderunt, Cces. B. G. 2, 9; tantus repente invasit terror, ut . . . . protinus aperto sanctiore aerario ex urbe profugeret, B. C. 1, 14; ex hac fuga. protinus quae undique convenerant auxilia discesserunt. Hand, vol. 4, p. 622). — actutum (avrUa, but rare ; quam .... actutum in Italia fore nuntiaverat, L.; only once in C.Phil. 12, 11, 26; it comes fin actu, as astutum fm astu, and is therefore a participial adv. fm an obsol. verb actuo; Hand, 1, 73, 74).— jam jamque (e. g. Caesar enim adventare, jam jamque et adesse ejus equites falso nunciabantur, Cces.B. C. 1, 14; it always implies emotion, Herz. ad loc). — dictum factum; dictum ac factum (mo sooner said than done ; a colloquial expres- sion = ap.a Ziros ap-a epyov). — sine mora (without any delay on the part of the agent). I ... then ... and at last, extemplo ... mox ... postremo (e.g. extemplo fusi, fugati, mox intra vallum paventes, compulsi ; pos- tremo exuuntur castris, L.). When followed by another clause, ' that' being omitted, it is = as soon as: see As, I.) extr. || Without intervention, fyc, nullo interveniente. IMMEDICABLE, immedicabilis (0.) — insanabilis. IMMEMORABLE, immemorabilis (Plaut.). — me- moratu or memoria non dignus or indignus. — relatu indignus (V., for wch O. has indignus referri). S. has non indignum videtur ... facinus ... memorare. IMMEMORIAL. From time i., ex omni memoria aetatum or temporum (C. de Or. 1, 4, 16). — post homi- num memoriam. — inde ab antiquissimis temporibus. — tempore immenso (e. g. observata sunt haec, C). I. usage, fyc, *mos, qui semper praevaluit; or (though, of course, less strong) longa consuetudo (e. g. iecerat legem). The i. practice of this state, *mos, qui jam jnde a principio hujus regni (imperii, &c.) praevaluit (hie mos praevalet, Plin. 17, 22, 35). — »consuetudo, quae in republics semper est habita. IMMENSE, immensus (that cannot be measured; of every kind of extension, propr. and impropr.). — IMM infinitus (unconfined by any limit, unbounded). Jn. immensus et infinitus. ingens immensusque. im- mensus et interminatus in omnes partes. — immanis (huge ; e. g. pecuniae, praeda). — ingens (greater than what is usually produced ; beyond the usual size of the thing in question ; fm in and genus, gens, or rather the root ' gen : ' pecunia, arbor, ingenium, &c). An i. differ- ence, quanta maxima esse potest distantia : this was of i. use, hoc mirum quantum profuit (ad qd ; e. g con- cordiam civitatis, L. 2, 1). He is of i. use to me, mira- biles utilitates mihi praebet: there is an i. difference between A. and B., differt inter A. et B. nimium quan- tum (in H. immane quantum discrepat res rei). IMMENSELY, immensum (post-Aug. ; creverat, O. ; attolli, T.).— in immensum (mons ... editus. S. Jug. 92, 5,10; 0.).— ad immensum (e. g. multitudinis spe- ciem augere, L. 29, 25, 3). For an i. high price, im- menso mercari qd (Plin. 9, 40, 64). IMMENSITY, immensum (as subst., e. g. loci, L.). — immensitas, and pi. immensitates (C). — immanitas (huge or terrific size). IMMERGE. See Immerse. IMMERSE, (I Propr.) immergere (e. g. immersus in flumen, C.).— mergere (in qd; qa re).— demergere (in qd ; [in] qa re ; e. g. in palude demersus ; in fossas ... demersus).— submergere (qa re; submersus voragini- bus). To be immersed, mergi. immergi. || Impropr.) demergere (e. g., in debt, aere alieno demersus). — mer- gere (e.g. qm malis, V. ; se in voluptates, L.). — im- mergere (e. g. studiis, Sew.). gpT It is better to say ci rei se totum dedere than ci rei se immergere, after se studiis immergere (Sen.), ggir submergere, im- propr., is very rare and post-Class., virtus submersa tenebris (Claud.). Immersed in debt, aere alieno de- mersus (L.) or obriHus (see Debt): to be immersed in pleasures, mergi in voluptates (Curt.); avide in volup- tates se mersisse (L. 23, 18); in a train of thought, se totum in cs rei cognitione collocare: immersed in busi- ness, occupationibus or negotiis implicatus, or negotia, occupationes, &c. multis officiis implicatum et constric- tum tenent qm : to be immersed in literary pursuits, in literas or Uteris (abl.) se abdere (abdidisse). IMMERSION, demersio (late; Solin.). — immersio (late; Arnob.). IMMETHODICAL, incompositus (not well-arranged, of things; e.g. oratio). — inconditus (e. g. jus civile, without arrangement). Sts temerarius (without previous consideration, %c. ; of men or things). — qui omnia rap- tim agit et turbate (who does every thing in a hurried, perplexed way; aft. Cces. B. C. 1, 5).— *qui temere omnia et fortulto agit — *qui nullam habet certam viam atque ration em {of things). IMMETHODICALLY, non via nee arte.— incom- posite. — negligenter et incomposite. — raptim et tur- bate.— temere et fortulto (e. g. agere).— indigeste et incondite (Gell. prcef. 3). Before that time, all used to speak, i. indeed, but %c, antea neminem solitum via nee arte, sed ... tamen ... dicere (C. Brut. 12, 46). IMMINENCE, Crcl.— imminentia (Nig. ap. Gell.). — instantia (Gell.). IMMINENT, impendens (e.g. impendentem evitare tempestatem, Np.). I. danger, praesens periculum ; or (when vaguely used) summum or maximum peri- culum. To be i., impendere (to be hanging over one ; terror, terrores, belli limor, &c.) ; instare (to be at hand; bellum, periculum, clades). — gglTimminere is used by C. of enemies, nations, countries, #c, that seem, as it were, to be hanging over an object in a threatening manner, and ready to pounce upon it; and also of death, and generally ea quae imminent: not with abstract notions, such as war, danger, $c, but imminente bello (Q.); periculum, quod imminere ipsi portenderetur (Suet). IMMINGLE, IMMIX. See To Mix. IMMOBILITY, immobilitas (Just.). IMMODERATE, immodicus (exceeding the proper mean or measure ; e. g. frigus ; also impropr. libido pos- sidendi). — immoderatus (not kept within due bounds; e. g. potus ; then, impropr., removed fm all due moral restraint, of men and things; e. g. cupiditates, luxuria). — intemperans (not using any restraint : not regulating one's desires and actions by the law of reason; mly of persons, but also of things, licentia; in athg, in qa re). — incontinens (without self-government, as showing itself in command over sensual desires; of persons). — impo- tens (powerless to restrain a strong feeling ; hence also of the feeling itself wch masters us, or any product of such feeling, laetitia, postulatum ; also, in athg, cs rei). — immodestus (going beyond the limits of propriety, 8fc., of persons und things ; e. g. laus). — effrenatus. 2 H 2 IMM {unbridled; of persons and things, audacia, furor, cupi- ditns, libido). — effusus. profusus (of what is copiously poured forth, as it were ; allowed to run on without a check, laetitia. sumptus). — immanis (immoderately large ; magnitude pecuniae, praeda). — nimius (too great ; arro- gantia; celeritates). — iniquus (unfair; e.g. pretium). I. in eating, edax ; vorax ; in drinking, in vino im- modestus (Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 7) : in eating and drinking, profundae et intempestivae guise. To be i. in one's eating, largius se invitare: to be i. in one's demands, immodeste postulare : i. in friendship, wrath, love, fyc, impotens laetitiae, irae, amoris. IMMODERATELY, immoderate, intemperanter. incontinenter. immodeste. effuse (Syn. in adj.). — nimio plus or plus nimio (e. g. diligere qm). — nimium (e. g. nimium longum tempus, C). To drink i., vino se obruere. To praise aby i., nimium esse in qo laudando ; ultra modum laudare qm (Plin. Ep. 7, 28). immenso plus laudare qd (Plin. 20, 9, 36). IMMODERATION, intemperantia. incontinentia (Syn. in Immoderate).— immodestia (post-Aug., T.). I. in eating and drinking, profunda et intempestiva gula. IMMODEST, impudicus (without bashfulness ; with- out the chaste sentiment of wch bashfulness is an index : of persons ; e. g. mulier). — parum verecundus (not re- garding decency or morality ; also of things, e.g. words; also without a natural feeling of shame).— in verecundus (e. g. ingeninm, C. ; frons, Q.). — impurus (impure; of persons, thoughts, morals, fyc.)— incestus (unchaste, with ref. to religion and morality, of persons or things; e. g. sermo, voces, flagitium, amor). — obstcenus (obscene, fyc. of words, jests, motions, paintings, fyc). — libidinosus (lustful). — non nimis verecundus (impropr., cool in one's requests, admonitions, 8;c. ; admonitor, C.) An i. life, vita parum verecunda: i. love, amor impudicus. im- pudicitia (esply of the male sex), amor libidinosus. libi- dines (of the female; Intpp. on Suet. Oct. 71). j^p° Not immodestus. IMMODESTLY, impudlce (late). — parum caste (e. g. vivere). |@^p° Not immodeste. IMMODESTY, impudicitia (esply of the impure love of the male sex). — libidines (esply of the impure love of the female sex. See Intpp. ad Suet. Oct. 71).— impu- ritas (impurity). |§§|r Not immodestia. IMMOLATE, victimam, hostiam, &c. immolare or sacrificare, mactare, caedere (Syn. in To Sacrifice). || Impropr.) See To Sacrifice. IMMOLATION, immolatio (C.). IMMORAL, male moratus. malis or corruptis mo- ribus. Also inhonestus, turpis, &c. I. conduct, mores turpes ; mores corrupti. IMMORALITY, mores corrupti or perditi (corrupt morals). — vita vitiis flagitiisque omnibus dedita (grossly immoral life). — I. is gaining ground every day, mores magis magisque labuntur. IMMORALLY, inhoneste. turpiter. IMMORTAL, immortalis (not subject to the law of death ; also impropr. of things, e. g. laus). — aeternus. sempiternus (Syn. in Eternal). To be i., immor- talem or sempiternum esse, non interire (g. t., not to die; e. g. of the soul); vita, sempiterna frui (to live for ever); memoria omnium seculorum vigere (to be fresh in the recollection of all ages : both of persons). I. glory, immortalis or sempiterna gloria : to render i. or be rendered i. ; see To Immortalize. IMMORTALITY, immortalitas. aeternitas (Syn. in Eternal). Jn. aeternitas immortalitasque. An i. of glory, immortalis or sempiterna gloria: the i. of the soul, immortalitas or aeternitas animi or animo- rum (^^° in this sense immortalitas must not be used alone, unless animi or animorum is implied by the context. See C. Cat. Maj. 21, 78; Tusc. 1, 22, 50, and 33, 80). Plato's book on the i. of the soul, Platonis liber, qui immortalitatem animae docet: to maintain the i. of the soul, dicere animos hominum esse immortales or sempiternos : to wish to establish or prove the i. of the soul, hoc velle persuadere, non in- terire animas : to win i., immortalitatem consgqui or adipisci or sibi parere (g. t.) ; immortalem or sempi- ternam gloriam consgqui (an i. of glory). IMMORTALIZE, reddere qm immortalem (g. t. of a person). — immortali glorias commendare qm. ad im - mortalitatss memoriam consecrare qm (of a person ; with ref. to immortal glory, reputation). — immortalem memoriam cs reddere. aeternitatem immortalitatemque donare ci (impropr.). — qd immortalitati tradere or commendare (of a thing). To i. oneself, immortali- tatem sibi parere : to be immortalized, immortalitatem adipisci or consequi (g. t.); immortalem or sempiter- (408) IMP nam gloriam consequi (to obtain an undying reputation, 8fc.) ; immortalitati commendari (of things ; e. g. his- toria) : to have been immortalized, immortalem factum esse, by athg, qa re (S.): men whose memory is im- mortalized, homines, quorum vivit immoitalis memoria et gloria. IMMORTALLY. To live i., vita sempiterna frui, &c. See under Immortal, Immortalize. I^T Im- mortaliter only in the fig. jjhrase of immorf. gau- dere (C). IMMOVEABLE, immobilis (propr. and fig.).— im- motus (fiot moved, fig. = unchangeable). I. goods, pro- perty, res or bona, quae moveri non possunt ; res im- mobiles (Tabol. Dig. 41, 3, 23). To be i., loco suo non moveri (propr.). — immobilem se ostendere (post-Cic : T., e. g. precibus cs) : non moveri or commoveri. An i. resolution, consilium certum. IMMOVEABLY, firmiter (e. g. fixed, stabilitus).— constanter (e. g. manere in suo statu, C. Vnw 13). /. fixed, stabilis certusque (e. g. sententia), or stabilis only (e. g. opinio). IMMUNITY, immunitas (fm an onerous duty, imm. magni muneris). — vacatio (e. g. munerum, sumptus, laboris, &c. : also a re ; a causis, C. ; ab belli adminis- tratione, L.: also with quominus; vacationem augures, quominus judiciis operam darent, non habere, C. Brut. 31,117). Jn. vacatio et immunitas (Cces.). To confer upon aby an i. fm athg, dare ci immunitatem cs rei or (Suet. 8fc.) a re : to offer an i. fm athg, offerre ci immu- nitatem (a re, Suet.) : to enjoy an i. fm, vacationem cs rei habere (C, Cces. ; said also of the thing wch consti tutes the claim to any i., C). IMMURE, includere or concludere (g.tt.for to shut up; e.g. in carcerem, in custouiam ; also carcere in- cludere, L.). — inclusum parietibus continere (to con- fine within the walls of a house, C. Rep. 3, 9). — qm seorsum concludere (in qm locum, e. g. in aediculam, Plant.) — qm conclusum habere (Ter). To i. oneself any where, includere se (e. g. in Heraclea, Heracleae, Heracleam); concludere se (e.g. in cellam cum qo, Ter.) ; abdere se in qm locum (impropr. e. g. in biblio- thecam, in a library). To be immured, inclusum atque abditum latere in qo loco, abdidisse se in qm locum (impropr.). In the sense of Imprison, vid. IMMUTABILITY. See Unchangeablesess. IMMUTABLE. See Unchangeable. IMMUTABLY. See Unchangeably. IMP, || Son, progeny, vid. || Little or sub- ordinate devil, daemonium (little devil, Tert. Apoll. 32). You little imp! (impropr.) Acherontis pa- bulum (Plant.). IMPAIR. See Injure, Diminish. IMPAIRING. See Injury, Diminution. The i. of one's health, confectio valetudinis. IMPAIRMENT. See Impairing. IMPALPABILITY, inta^tus, us (Lucr. 1, 455). IMPALPABLE, intactilis (Lucr. 1, 438) or Crcl. quod tactu non sentimus, &c, or by minutissimus, tenuissimus. IMPARITY, inaequalitas. — dissimilitudo (unlike- ness). IMPARK, circumsepire. — septo includere or cir- cumdare. To have imparked so many acres, circiter... jugerum locum inclusum habere (Varr. R. R. 3, 12). IMPART, impertire. tribuere (denote giving a por- tion, without ref. to any part that the giver is to retain for himself: impertire, as an act of free wit I and of kindness ; tribuere, as an act of justice, or of ju- dicious policy). — participare. communicare (the giving a share of what one retains a share of oneself : participare has generally the receiver for its object, who is to share a possession ; communicare, generally the thing shared, in the use of which the receiver is to have ashare; DM.). See To Communicate, for phrases and construction. IMPARTIAL, medius (not attached to either party ; neutral). Jn. medius et neutrius partis.— tamquam medius nee in alterius favorem inclinatus (L.; buth these of persons). — integer (allowing no external in- fluence to affect one's judgement ; unbiassed, fyc. : e. g. integrum se servare). — incorruptus (unbribed). Jn. incorruptus atque integer. — aequus (fair; listen- ing to the arguments on both sides; giving both parties what is due to them : of persons or things ; e. g. praetor, lex, &c.).— studio et ira vacuus (free fm party favour or enmity; esply of persons). — obtrec- tatione et malevolentia liberatus (free fm envy and ill- will : of persons and things ; e. g. judicium). The i. administration of justice, juris et judiciorum aequitas : an i. judgement, judicium obtrectatione et malevolentia IMP liberatum ; jud. cequum et integrum, incorruptum (C). jud. sine ira et studio latum (aft. T.): to be or show oneself i., neutri parti favere ; neque ira neque gratia teneri. — incorruptum se gerere (L.). IMPARTIALITY, * animus ab omni partium studio alienus. — animus studio et ira vacuus. — aequitas. — animus incorruptus, integer in judicando. — animus aequus (without heat or affection): let no private feel- ing destroy your i., cave quicquam raomenti habeat gratia (C). With i., see Impartially. IMPARTIALLY, incorrupte. integre. sine ira et studio ( T., e. g. narrare qd). sine amore et cupiditate. sine odio et sine invidia (C. ; e. g. judicare). IMPASSABLE, invius. — impeditus. inexplicabilis (difficult to pass through). Roads rendered i. by the continued rain, inexplicabiles continuis imbribus viae (L. 40, 33, 2): a place wch is almost i., locus, quo segre transiri potest. IMPASSIBILITY, natura non patibilis (aft. C.N. D. 3, 12). Sen. Ep. 9, observes that as a translation of the Greek undOeia, impatientia would be ambiguous: he attempts invulnerabilis animus, animus extra omnem patientiam positus (both wch must, of course, relate to a mind). — corpus or animus omni sensu carens. IMPASSIBLE, qui patibilem naturam non habet (aft. patibilem naturam habet, C. N. D. 3, 12). Sen. attempts various expressions for 'impassible' in Ep. 9, impatiens. — invulnerabilis. — extra omnem pa- tientiam positus. — qui incommodum ne sentit quidem. — impassibilis (Lact., as t. t. of the Deity : also insen- sibilis). — sensu carens. IMPATIENCE, impatientia morse (or morarum) or spei (inability to endure delay, hope deferred, fyc, aft. Sil. Ital. 8, 4; Ammian. 28, 1, 9 ; T. Hist. 2, 40, extr. |@ir Impatientia alone has not this meaning). festinatio (undue haste ; hurry). I. of (= inability to endure) athg, impatientia cs rei (e. g. morae) : not to be able to restrain one's i., rumpo or abrumpo patientiam (ISP" but not patientia mini rumpitur, Suet. Tib. 25; T. Ann. 12, 50, 5): to expect athg with i., acerrime qd exspectare. $g^T In the sense of 'inability to endure,' intolerantia is post-Class. In C, %c, it has a passive sense, intolerantia regis. IMPATIENT, impatiens morae (or morarum) or spei (Sil. Ital. 8, 4 ; Ammian. 28, 1 ; T. Hist. 2, 40, extr. Impatiens alone has not this meaning). — festinans (hastening). To be i. for aby's arrival, cs adventum non mediocriter captare. || Unable to endure, into- lerans cs rei (L.). — impatiens cs rei (post-Class. ; Veil., Plin., Col.). — qui qd pati, ferre, sustinere non potest. IMPATIENTLY, festinanter (over ■hastily). [gUT Plin. has impatienter (e. g. desiderare qm), but this is ' so as not to bear the loss in a tranquil manner,' §-c. — non patienter. intoleranter. segre. moleste (esply with ferre : all referring to want of patience in bearing athg). To expect aby's arrival L, cs adventum non mediocriter captare. See 'with Impatience.' IMPAWN. See Pawn. IMPEACH. See Accuse. IMPEACHABLE. See Accusable. IMPEACHER. See Accuser. IMPEACHMENT. See Accusation. IMPECCABILITY, Crcl. gp° Hier. used impec- cantia. IMPECCABLE, Crcl. E.g. saying that no body is i., dicens neminem non aliquando coepisse peccare (Q.) or • neminem non aliquando or interdum peccare. No one is i., *nemo tarn bonus est, ut nunquam peccet. IMPEDE. See Hinder. IMPEDIMENT. See Hindrance. || In one's speech, haesitantia linguae. To have an i. in one's speech, lingua haesitare. IMPEL, impellere (v. pr. to drive or urge on, propr. and fig. navem remis ; qm ; qm ad qd [e. g. ad fa- cinus ; ad injuriam faciendam ; ad credendum] : also with ut ; impulit, ut ita crederem : also with local adv., quo velit: with infin.). — incitare. excitare (to incite, excite). — stimulare qm. stimulos ci admovere (to spur on, all prop, and fig.). — hortari. exhortari (to encourage, exhort). — accendere. inflammare (to inflame, kindle; all fig.). Jn. impellere atque incen- dere ; impellere atque hortari : aby to athg, all qm ad qd. Impelled by aby, athg, impulsus ab qo, qa re ; by nobodu, nullo impellente. IMPEND, impendere ci or ci rei (to hang over in a threatening manner ; propr. and impropr., ci or ci rei; propr., as saxum Tantalo ; gladius cs cervicibus; and impropr., terrores, pericula, bellum, &c. ; impropr. also impendere in qm ; e. g. terrores in me). — instare (to be at hand ; also absol. instare jam plane, to be close (469) IMP at hand).— imminere (propr.; e.g. tollis urbi; tumu- lus ipsis moenibus, and impropr. ; principally of ene- mies, nations, fyc, that seem to hang over an object in a threatening way ; also of death, and, generally, ea quae imminent ; but not of danger, war, fyc, in prose- writers, till Q. and Suet.). IMPENDING, impendens. imminens. instans. plane jam instans. Sts futurus. To avoid the i. storm, evitare impendentem tempestatem (Np.): to foresee the i. storm, prospicere tempestatem futuram (C). IMPENETRABILITY, Crcl. IMPENETRABLE, impenetrabilis (propr., L. ; and impropr., blanditiis, Sen.). — impervius (by athg, ci rei ; post-Aug. ; e. g. lapis ignibus, T.). — spissus (thick; cahgo, tenebrae). — obstinatus adversus qd (i. by motives, and by attacks, by wch one's constancy is assailed ; ad- versus lacrimas muliebres, L.). I. woods, densissimae silvae (Cces.). I. darkness, densissimae tenebrae (for wch Suet. Ner. 46, has artissimae tenebrae). IMPENITENCE, obstinatio. animus obstinatus or affirmatus. *animus contra veritatem obstinatus (aft. Q. 12, 1, 10).— *mores non mutati.— ggg Impceniten- tia, Hier. and Aug. IMPENITENT, quern non vitae anteactae or pecca- torum suorum pcenitet. — contra veritatem obstinatus (Q. ; g. t. for one who is hardened agsl the truth). IMPERATIVE, imperiosus (in the manner of autho- ritative command). — imperiose praecipiens (directing in the tone of a master ; GelL). — necessitate quadam dele- gatus (e.g. officium, an i. duty laid upon aby; C). — cui repugnari minime potest (e. g. vis, Q, 6, 3, 8). An i. command, mandatum. || In Grammar. The i. mood, modus imperativus. IMPERCEPTIBLE, quod vix sentiri or sensibus percipi potest. To make a progress in literature that is almost i., paene nihil proficere in Uteris. IMPERCEPTIBLY, sensim. IMPERFECT, mancus. non integer (no longer or not yet complete). — non perfectus (not completed). — im- perfectus (Q. ; esply in the poets = ' not completed;' in Sen. = ' imperfect' ). — inchoatus (begun only, and not carried on to a more perfect state). — Jn. mancus quodammodo et inchoatus (C. Off. 1, 43, 173).— suis numeris non absolutus (not perfect in all its parts and proportions). — non commodus (not good of Us kind). — vitiosus (faulty). — adumbratus (but lightly sketched ; not having received full body or substance ; opinio, intel- ligent). — in quo multa desiderantur. To leave athg i., inchoatum relinquere qd. An i. book, *liber, in quo plagulae quaedam desunt : i. manner; see Imper- fectly. || The Imperfect (in Grammar), tempus imperfectum. IMPERFECTION, imbecillitas. — vitiositas.— Con- ditio vitiosa or manca. — vitium (defect). IMPERFECTLY, imperfecte. — haud commode.— vitiose. IMPERIAL, imperatorius. Caesareus (post-Aug. ; the times of the Empp. ; seld. Augustalis and imperialis). often by gen. imperatoris or Caesaris or Augusti ; prin- cipalis, or gen. principis (belonging to the prince or em- peror; time of Empp.). His i. majesty, *majestas impe- ratoria (as a dignity or title).— magnitudo imperatoria (as a title, of the later times of the Empp.): your i. Majesty, Majestas or Magnitudo tua : the i. territories, *terrae imperatoris. — 1| The imperial title, nomen Augusti or imperatoris (times of Empp.). — nomen im- peratorium (with C. ad Fam. 11,4, 1). — appellatio im- peratoria (with Veil. 2, 125, 5; but in both places, = title of general). To assume the i. title (and throne), nomen Augusti arripere. IMPERIALISTS, Caesariani. IMPERIOUS, imperiosus. — arrogans (arrogant, assu- ming). — superbus (haughty). IMPERIOUSLY, imperiose (GelL). — pro imperio (e. g. qm discedere jubere). — insolenter.— arroganter. IMPERIOUSNESS, *imperiosaet superbacs natura. — cs regia (in qa re) dominatio (e. g. in judiciis, C. ; the overbearing and despotic behaviour of one who rules in athg, allowing no rival, 8ec.) ; or by insolentia, arrogan- tia, &c. That i. of yours, ilia tua singularis insolentia. IMPERISHABLE, immortalis. sempiternus (Syn. in Eternal). IMPERSONAL, impersonalis (in Gramm., verbum, Charts. 2 and 3; Diom. 1, %c). IMPERSONALLY, impersonaliter (gramm. t. /.). IMPERTINENCE, || Irrelevancy, vid. || Im- pudent rudeness, fyc, importunitas (troublesome character or behaviour).— contumelia sibi a qo impo- si a (the insult, by deed or word, offered to one by aby). — procacitas. petulantia, or *inuroana cs procacitaa or IMP petulantia. || Foolishness of words, deeds, #c, absurditas (t Claud. Mam. 3, 11).— insulsitas (insipid- ity; bad taste). — res inepta (as thing). Impertinences, ineptia», nugae. IMPERTINENT, || Not relating to the mat- ter in hand, ad rem nihil pertinens. — alienus or ci rei (maxime) alienus (e. g. hie non alienum est admo- nere; non alienum fuerit exigere, &c, Q.). — || Med- dling, troublesome, importunus (troublesome, %c). Jn. importunus atque incommodus (Plant.) ; levis et futilis et importunus (e. g. locutor, Gell.).— impolitus. inurbanus (uncivil). Sts petulans, procax, protervus may do. IMPERTINENTLY, || Irrelevantly, vid. \\ Rudely, fyc. vid. || Foolishly, absurde. inepte. insulse. inscite. IMPERTURBED, non perturbatus. non conturba- tus. — imperturbatus (0. and Sen., rare). IMPERVIOUS, impervius (O., Q.; also impropr., T., e. g. lapis ignibus). 1MPETRABLE, impetrabilis (L., Prop. ; not C. or Cas.). 1MPETRATE. impetrare. IMPETRATION, impetratio (C. ; once only ; not found elsewhere). IMPETUOSITY, violentia. — violentum ingenium (impetuous character). — praeceps et effraenata mens (rash, unrestrained i. ; C.) — acris vehementia (Plin.). — With great i., magno impetu (e. g. ferri ad qd). IMPETUOUS, violentus (violent; e. g. ingenium, impetus, homo). — violentus ingenio. — vehemens. Jn. vehemens et violentus. ferox. Jn. vehemens feroxque. — importunus (e. g. libidines, that will not be shaken off, restrained, fyc). — praefervidus (too hot; e. g. ira, L.).— praeferox (opp. mitis, L., T.). — praeceps. in omni- bus consiliis praeceps (rash in adopting plans without consideration). You are too i. (in character), nimium es vehemens feroxque natura. R^HT ' impetuosus, only the elder Pliny,' Krebs ; Freund does not give such a word. IMPETUOUSLY, magno impetu (e. g. hostem ag- gredi).— violenter (poscere ; qm persSqui, increpare).— vehementer (e. g. flagitare). — importune (e. g. insis- tere). IMPETUS, impetus.— impulsio. impulsus. IMPIETY, impietas (want of reverence and love for God, 8fc; also for one's country, parents, fyc). — Dei (or, according to Rom. notions, devim) negligentia. divini cultus negligentia (neglect of God and religious worship). An i., nefas. scelus. res scelesta or ne- faria. IMPINGE, impingi ci rei or ad qd. — allidi ad qd. See ' Dash against.' IMPIOUS, impius (without love or reverence for God, one's parents, country, $c. ; the object [e. g. erga Deum, erga patriam, erga parentes] must always be added, unless sufficiently implied by the context). — nefarius (breaking the laws of God, of natural equity, fyc. ; of men, their actions and dispositions). — nefandus (refers to the abominable wickedness of an action). — scelestus. sceleratus (wicked: the former with ref. to the mind; the latter to actions). To have committed many i. actions both agst the gods and agst men, multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque commisisse. IMPIOUSLY, impie. — nefarie. Jn. impie nefarie- que. — nefande. — sceleste. — scelerate. IMPLACABILITY, odium implacabile or inexora- bile. — animus implacabilis. (JggT implacabilitas, very late; Ammian.) IMPLACABLE, implacabiiis (agst aby, ci or in qm) — inexpiabilis (not to be satisfied by any atonement). Jn implacabilis inexpiabilisque. — inexorabilis (not to bt softened by entreaties: all three of persons and things, hatred, anger) ; agst aby, in or ad versus qm : to pursue aby with i. hatred, implacabili odio persequi qm: to be or show oneself i. agst aby, sese ci implacabilem in- expiabilemque praebere (C.) : to entertain i. hatred agst aby, implacabile odium suscipere in qm (Np.). IMPLACABLY, implacabilius (e. g. irasci ci, T.). IMPLANT, i| Propr ) inserere, ponere (in qa re) || Impropr.) ingenerare. ingignere (at birth).— in serere. in animo infigere (at any time). To be im- planted, innatum esse, natura insitum esse; a natura proficisci. Nature has implanted this in us, fyc, hoc natura ingenuit nobis ; hoc natura inest animis ; hoc in animis nostris insitum est ; hoc (a natura) nobis tri butum est ; hoc in ipsa natura positum est atque in fixum; hoc innatum est, et in animo quasi insculp turn. IMPLEAD. See' to bring an action against. (470) IMP IMPLEMENT. See Instrument. || I.'s of war, instrumentum et apparatus belli; arma, tela, cetera, qua? ad bellum gerendum pertinent (aft. C. Phil. 11,12, 30). IMPLICATE. || Propr.) implicare, &c. See En- tangle ; Involve. || Impropr.) in culpa qm etsus- picione ponere (C). qm suspectum reddere. qm in suspicionem vocare or adducere. suspicionem in qm conferre (to render aby suspected). To be implicated in athg, ci rei affinem esse ; cs rei participem or socium esse : to be supposed to tie implicated in alhg, suspectum esse de qa re ; a suspicione non remotum esse. IMPLICATION, || Entanglement, implicatio (e.g. nervorum). || An implied consequence ; a tacit inference, fyc, Crcl. By i., implicite et abs- condite (opp. patentius et expeditius, C. : but this im- plies the necessity of disentangling, as it were, the im- plied fact or consequence)— quodammbdo tacite (si- lently, as it were; not by an explicit statement). The law itself, by i., gives him the right of defending, fyc, quodammodo tacite dat ipsa lex potestatem defendendi (C. Mil. 4, 11). IMPLICIT, (ggir The original and correct mean- ing of the word is that of ' implied,' opp. to ' explicit ;' but it is now more commonly used in the sense of 'abso- lute,' 'unconditional' reliance, trust, fyc. || Im- plied, tacitus (silently assumed, not expressly stated, C. and JCt.).— quod in qa re implicite et abscondite continetur (C. Invent. 2, 2Z, 69 ; of what is really but not evidently contained in athg, opp. patentius et expe- ditius contineri). || Absolute, unconditional, fyc. (See Unconditional.) To pay aby i. obedience, ci sine ulla exceptione parere, obedire : to place i. trust or confidence in aby, se totum ci committere: to put i. faith in aby, maximam fidem ci adhibere. IMPLICITLY, || Opp. explicitly. See 'by Im- plication.' || Unconditionally, vid. To be- lieve, trust, fyc. i. ; see 'put Implicit faith in.' IMPLORE, implorare qm or qd (to pray for help with tears and supplication). — supplicare ci. se ci supplicem abjicere (to i. passionate y ; falling, as it were, at his knees, wringing one's hands, fyc, humbly before any one, with the consciousness of his great dig- nity and power, and of one's own great need). — obse- crare qm (to i. aby urgently; beseeching him in the name of God, by every thing that is sacred).— obtestari qm (to i. aby suppliantly, calling upon God as witness ; to i. by every thing that is dear to him). To i. aby for athg, voce supplici postulare qd; orare multis et supplicibus verbis ut &c— exposcere qd ab qo (of earnest, vehement appeals) : to i. help fm aby, qm ad or in auxilium implorare ; auxilium implorare ab qo : to i. the gods for victory, exposcere ab diis victoriam : to i. an end of the pestilence, finem pestilentiae ex- poscere : to i. the mercy of the gods, exposcere pacem deorum (Justin 18, 6): to i. gods and men, deum at- que hominum fidem implorare : to i. assistance fm a judge, opem petere a judice: humbly to i. aby,~ sxfis- misse supplicare ci : to prostrate oneself at aby's feet, and i. him in the humblest terms, prosternere se, et fracto atque humili animo supplicare ci : the gods were implored, precibus a diis petitum est. IMPLORING, imploratio. obsecratio. obtestatio (see the verbs under To Implore). BiSf" Supplicatio = a day appointed for solemn prayer to the gods. IMPLY. Athg i.'s athg, or athg is implied by athg, qd subest ci rei, or qd subest velut latens (cf. Q. 3, 5, 9); subest cs rei tacita vis (ib.). — in qa re inest qd. He maintains that a general report />,ly i.'s some foun- dation of truth, negat famam temere nasci solere, quin subsit qd (C, Auct. ad Her.). Superstition, wch i.'s a groundless fear of the gods, suspicio, in qua inest inanis timor deorum (C). Every special question i.'s a general one that precedes it, in omni speciali [quses- tione] inest generalis, ut quae sit prior. What is really, but not obviously implied, quod in qa re impli- cite et abscondite continetur (C). What is necessarily implied by a statement, quod ex verbis intelligi potest (opp. verba, that wch the words actually express). To discuss whether one should obey what the laws i., or merely what they express, tractare, verbis legum stan- dum sit an voluntate (Q.): the ' decorum' necessarily i.'s the 'honestum,' quidquid est, quod deceat, id turn apparet, quum antegressa est honestas. IMPOLITE, inurbanus. — rusticus (clownish). To be i., ab humanitate abhorrere. IMPOLITELY, inurbane.— rustice. IMPOLITENESS, inurbanitas. — rusticitas (clown- ish, rough behaviour). IMPOLITIC, *alienus or abhorrens a prudentia IMP civili {opp. to political wisdom). — non callidus (not skilful, able, $c). IMPOLITICLY, *prudentias civili non convenienter. — non callide. — non callida sed dementi ratione. IMPORT, v. || To bring goods into a country, invehere. importare (whether by waggons or ships). — || Mean, vid. — 1| It imports, what imports it? interest, refert. See under Importance. IMPORT, s. || Meaning, vid. || Importance, vid. || Imports (opp. exports), merces importatae. — merces importaticiae (e. g. frumentum importaticium, Hirt. B. Afr. 20). — merces adventiciae (foreign; opp. domesticae).— merces mari suppeditatae (// imported fm over seas). IMPORTANCE, gravitas (lit. weight; then import- ance, e. g. civitatis). — auctoritas (authority and in- fluence in a state). — momentum, discrimen (the point, circumstance, fyc, on wch all hinges; that makes aU the difference). A person of i., vir gravis (fm weight of character) ; vir potens (fm power). An affair of i., res gravissima, summa, or maxima (g. tt.); res magni momenti or discriminis (of gre it i. to the success of athg). To be of great i., magni momenti esse; magni referre : to be of i., auctoritate valere or posse (of persons who have influence, power, 8>c.) ; vim habere or exereere (to exercise influence; of persons and things) : to be a person of i., esse qm or qd (to be somebody). To make athg of great i., ci rei vim tri- buere ; ci rei pondus afferre (to add weight to it) : to represent athg as of great i., verbis or oratione exagge- rare qd (of giving it undue i ): athg makes the question one of more i. in my eyes, qd mihi auget quaestionem : this is the point of most i., hoc caput or maximum or primum est : he considered this of more i., hoc ei anti- quius fuit : he thought nothing of more i. than to fyc, nihil [or neque quicquam] habuit antiquius, quam ut &c. (C, Veil.): thinking it a point of the utmost i. to fyc, longe antiquissimum ratus &c. with inf. (L. I, 32): he thought the difficulty of sufficient i. to demand the appointment of a dictator, res digna visa est, prop- ter quam dictator crearetur. It is of i. to aby, that fyc, qd cs interest or refert, but mea, tua, sua, instead of gen. of personal pron. ^^° 1 ) interest, with gen. of person, denotes more the interest a person has in athg; refert, the advantage he actually expects fm it, the i. he attaches to it. In the gold, age, ref. is found with the ablatives mea, &c, but not with the gen. of a subst ; both verbs, however, occur absolutely, with the mention of the degree of i. 2) The thing that is of i. cannot be expressed, as in English, by a subst., but must be intro- duced by ace. and inf. ; or, if no new subject is men- tioned, by inf. only, or by a clause with ut, ne, or an interrogative pron. or particle. 3) The degree of i. is described by adverbs [magnopere, magis, maxime, mi- nime, multum, permultum, plurimum, nihil, &c], or by a gen. of price (as magni, permagni, parvi, pluris, tanti, quanti, &c); thus, it is of the utmost i. to me that you should be with me, maxime nostra interest, te esse nobiscum ; he was perpetually thinking of what i. his death would be to P. Clodius, semper, quantum interesset P. Clodii se perire, cogitabat; it is of great i. to me that I should see you, illud mea magni interest, te ut videam; of what i. is that to yout quid tua id refert? [A ns. magni.] IMPORTANT, a) Of persons, gravis (fm weight of character, and consequent authority, influence, fyc. ; also of witnesses, testes). — potens. pollens, qui multum pocest (powerful). An i. person, vir magnus, gravis, or auctoritate gravis, auctoritate or dignitate prae- ditus, opibus or gratia florens (influential). To think himself an i. personage, sese qm or qd esse credere, b) Of things, gravis (opp. levis, trifling, unimportant). — magni or maximi momenti (having i. consequences). — magnus. gravis, luculentus (great, considerable). In comp. and superl. also by antiquior, antiquissimus (what should fm its importance be taken earlier or first into consideration; e.g., he considered this more i., id ei antiquius fuit ; the most i. point or object, antiquis- sima cura). An i. city, urbs magna, opulenta, florens : an i. state, civitas ampla et florens or gravis et opulenta (opp. civitas exigua et infirma) : to play an i. part, gravem personam sustinere. The most i. point is, hoc caput est; hoc maximum or primum est. For other phrases, see Import ance (' of great importance,' 4 c) IMPORTATION, invectio (C, opp. exportatio). Often by Crcl. with importare. To forbid the i. of wine, vinum omnino ad se importari non sinere : to forbid the i. of provisions fm Amanda, commeatus Amautia importari in oppidum prohibere (Cces.). (471) IMP IMPORTED (of goods, $c), importatus (e. g. sere utuntur importato, Cas.).— invectus.— adventicius(o#p. domesticus).— mari suppeditatus (C, if fm over seas). IMPORTER, qui (merces, &c.) invghit or importat. IMPORTUNATE, molestus (troublesome; e. g. in demanding athg). — assiduus et acer (constant and eager in demanding athg; e.g. flagitator, C.).— importunus (e. g., ' i. passions,' importunae libidines, C. &g^T not applied to requests, #gp° not instinctus, in this sense, in Classical writers). — impetus (a vehement desire, involuntary motion towards athg). Jn. impetus et appetitus rerum, — cupiditas (a lunging for athg) : to feel a natural i. towards athg, studio cs rei duci or impelli ; appetere or concupiscere qd. IMPULSION, impulsio. See Impulse. IMPULSIVE, Crcl. An i. cause, consilii motus (Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 9); sts causa. IMPUNITY, impunitas. Jn. venia et impunitas. The hope of i., spes impunitatis. With i., impune. — impunite (rare ; C.) To escape with i., impune abire or dimitti : to commit athg with i., qd impune ferre, habere, or facere : to let athg be committed with »"., qd impunitum ferre, sinere, or omittere; also omittere, praetermittere or relinquere qd (cf. Matth. ad C. Manil. 5, I), p. 77); qd inultum impunltumque dimittere (C): IMP to letaby escape with i., qmimpumturn or incastigatum dimittere ; qm lion punire : sins are committed with i., peccata impune dilabuntur : he shall not escape with i., inultum id nunquam a me auferet ; hoc haud sic au- feret; hoc ei non sic abibit (Com.) : to secure i., impu- nitatem consequi : to have secured for ever an i. for all one's crimes, habere impunitatem et licentiam sem- piternam. IMPURE, 11 Propr.) Not pure, mixed with extraneous ingredients, non purus. — (qare) con- taminates (polluted by athg ; opp. integer). I. air, aer non purus: i. water, aqua turbida (C); aqua qa re inquinata (abl. of that by wch it is rendered i.); aqua limo turbata (muddy, H.). || Impropr.) Of moral impurity, im purus (g. t. for what is opposed to moral purity: hence also unchaste, of persons and things ; e. g. mores. 83§p° not used propr. in the best prose). — incestus (uncnuste). — (flagitiis) inquinatus (stained; hence morally i., of persons or things; with or without flagitiis).— spurcus (prob. aspirated fm por- cus; hence propr. 'swinish:' hence foully impure, %c. of persons or things). To lead an i. life, impure atque fla- gitiose vivere : an i. life, vita parum verecunda; vita libidinibus dedita : i. desires, libidines. || With ref. to style, inquinatus (e.g. of words, C. Opt. Gen. Or. 3, 7). — * non or parum purus ($£§" impurus is not found in this sense, but purus is used several times by Q.). — barbarus (barbarous). — parum or minus Latinus (of im- pure Latin). IMPURELY, || With ref. to morals, impure.— impure atque flagitiose (e. g. vivere). — impure atque intemperanter. — inceste (unchastely). || With ref. to style, inquinate (e. g. loqui, C. Brut. 37, 140). — male (Hi). IMPURENESS. See Impurity. IMPURITY, || With ref. to morals, impuritas (only found in omnes impuritates, every kind of moral i., C. Phil. 2, 36 : Plant, has impuritia, Pers. 3, 3, 7).— spurcitia (swinish i., not C. — A /ran. ap. Non.). — ob- sccenitas (obscenity). — impudicitia (shameless im- modesty; esply of the lustful passion of a female). — libidines (lust; esply of a male). || With ref. to style, «inquinatus sermo or inquinata oratio. * nulla castitas or sinceritas orationis. * corrupta sermonis integritas (Krebs). IMPUTABLE, imputandus (e. g. an ei caedes impu- tanda sit, qui &c, Q. 5, 10, 72); or by Crcl. with culpa cs rei in qm conferri, transferri, or derivari potest, or ci as- signari potest, &c, or culpa in qm conferenda est, &c. IMPUTATION, || Act of imputing; Crcl. with verbs under Impute. || Charge imputed ; see Charge, s. IMPUTATIVE, Crcl. with qui (quae, quod) ci impu- tatur or ci imputari potest. IMPUTE, dare, ducere. — vertere. — tribuere (all with dat. of person to whom the fault is imputed). — attribuere. adscribere. assignare (ascribe or assign it to). To i. it as a fault to aby, vitio dare, ducere, or vertere ; as a crime, crimini dare : to i. it to pride, superbiae ducere ; to cowardice, ignaviae ducere or dare (ggS° imputare is post-Clais. Sen., Q., T., Plin.) : to i. it to fear, qd timori assignare : you i. all this to me, haec tibi a me eveniunt. See Ascribe. IN, 1) In answer to where? in what? in with abl. II^IT Since, however, in denotes only a part of the whole space, it is not expressed, but the abl. only used, when the space or place is not considered with ref. to any one part, but as a general specification; thus, he accuses Alexander in one of his letters, epistola quadam Alex- andrum accusat (i. e., the accusation forms the general subject of the letter; C. Off. 2, 15, 53); but, he writes in one of his letters, scribit in Uteris ( = he introduces the mention of this in one of his letters; Cces. B. G. 5, 49) : in the book wch I have entitled Hortensius, I have done my best to recommend the study of philosophy, cohor- tati sumus, ut maxime potuimus, philosophies studium eo libro, qui est inscriptus Hortensius (the whole book treats of philosophy ; C. de Div. 2, 1, 1) : what these are [the duties of justice} has been stated in the preceding book, ea quae essent, dictum est in libro superiore (in one chapter of it [viz. Bk. 1, chap. 7] C. Off. 2, 13): in Greece, in Graecia : in the whole of Greece, tota Graecia. — l^HF" When a writer is quoted without mention of the particular work, ' in ' is translated not by in, but apud [though Q. 9, 4, 18, uses 'in' in this way] ; e. g., it is written in Xenophon, apud Xenophontem scriptum est. — B|§|r ' In' is also omitted before the names of towns ; singular nouns of the first and second decl. being placed in the gen., others in the abl., without any preposition. The names of small islands follow the (474) IN same rule, those of larger islands take the preposition ; Z. 398. — f^gHT If extension through a space is de- noted, the Latins use per, as the Greeks ixvu : he had debts in every country, aes alienum per omnes terras. — The other instances in wch ' in,' in answer to 'where?' 'in what?' is translated by a simple case, will be found tinder the verbs after wch this occurs. — f$§I i * = It may still be remarked, that ' in ' before a subst. is often translated by a present partcp. ; e. g., with a stick in his hand, baculum manu tenens [to stand by with a stick in his hand, cum baculo astare] ; in the sight of the army, inspectante exercitu : sts by an adj., as, Davus in the play, Davus comicus t : or by advv. ; in earnest, serio ; in truth, vere ; in abundance, abun- danter : or the Latins choose some other preposition, as, in joke, per jocum; in my presence, coram me. %#£> 'To have an excellent friend in such a person,' is habere qm bonum amicum (bon. amicum in qo habere would be absurd) : to have found a courageous friend or foe in aby, qm fortem amicum or inimlcum expertum esse (Np.) $$$ ' In ready money,' ' in gold,' 8fc, are expressed literally, at least in post-Aug. writers, in pecunia, in auro; cf. Suet. Tib. 49; Galb. 8 2) In answer to 'whither?' 'into what?' implying not merely rest in a place, but previous motion towards it; in with ace. |^p° With verbs of placing, set' ting, laying, fye. (ponere, locare, collocare, statuere, constituere), the following rest is principally consi- dered, and 'in' with abl. used (Z. 489) : only imponere (when it has not the dat. of the place where) and repo- nere mly take 'in' with ace: so also defigere (to fix in); describere, inscribere (to write or inscribe in); and insculpere (to engrave in) are followed by the ace. with 'in' (or by the dat.). g^" Haasead Reisig., note 573, says that ponere in qd occurs only in the fig. sense in good authors ; e. g. in historiam, C. : that imponere in qo loco is very rare (e. g. in equuleo impositus, Val. Max.) ; whereas imponere in navem or naves (regu- larly), in plaustrum, &c. For in ignem posita est (Ter. And. 1, 1, 102), Bentley's Cod. has imposita; but libros in ignem ponere, Sen. de ird, 3, 23. The preposition may also fall away after many verbs compounded with in (e. g. ingrgdi urbem or in urbem). For these the verbs must be consulted. 3) With ref. to time; a) In answer to 'when?' in with abl. But here too, when the whole time is meant (as it usually is) the prep, is omitted, and the abl. only stands: in the present year, hoc anno; in our times, hac aetate. When the circumstances of the time, its dangerous character, fyc, are to be noted, in «* expressed; e. g. in hoc tempore = ' in this critical period,' ' in this time of distress;' so in illo tempore, hoc quidem in tempore : so when ' in time' = ' in good time,' in tempore is used, ' but in both cases the abl. alone also occurs ;' Z. 475, note. In descriptions of a man's age, either the abl. only is used, or the partcp. agens with the ace. of the lime ; in his eightieth year, octogesimo anno or octogesimum annum agens (cf. L. 39, 40): if the date refers to his death, either natus, with ace. of time, is used; or the gen. only, if closely joined with the subst.; e. g, Alexander died in his thirty-fourth year, decessit Alexander annos tres et triginta natus; or Alexander annorum trium et tri- ginta decessit (Z. 397). b) In answer to ' within what time?' abl. alone, or with in or intra. [Agamemnon ... decern annis unam cepit urbem, Np. Senatus decrevit, ut ... in diebus proximis Italia decederent, S. Tarraconem paucis diebus pervenit, Cces. omnia commemorabo, quae inter or intra decern annos nefarie facta sunt, in these last ten years ; intra nonum diem opera absoluta sunt, before nine days had expired.] — intra inter (inter marks only the duration of the time that has elapsed whilst athg was taking place, not the points fm wch to wch, wch is denoted by intra). B§§p° In so many days, years, fyc, after another event, is variously translated : (I will do something) in eight days fm the date of this letter, octo diebus, quibus has literas dabam ; in four days fm his death, quatriduo, quo is occisus est; / hope to see him in three days fm the date of this letter, qm triduo quum has dabam literas, exspectabam: so for years; tribus annis (or tertio anno) postquam venerat; post tres annos (or annum tertium, quam venerat; tribus annis or tertio anno, quam (or quum, or quo, quibus) venerat. c) During what time, per (if the whole time is i?i- tended; e. g. the stars are visible in the night, per noc- tem cernuntur sidera : in these last few days, per hos dies, in a negative sentence ; e. g. nulla abs te epistola venerat). — inter, intra (within; with ref, to past time; IN qui intra annos quatuordecim tectum non subiissent, Cces. B. G. 1, 36 ; omnia ... quae inter quatuordecim annos postquam judicia ad senatum translata sunt, nefarie fiagitioseque facta sunt, C. Verr. 1, 13). 4) In respect of, with regard to; abl. only (to express a particular circumstance or limitation; e. g. eequare qm sapientia, in wisdom; mea sententia, judi- cio, &c , in my opinion, judgement). — ab (esply of that in respect of wch a man is strong, well or ill prepared, fyc; e. g. firmus ab equitatu, strong in cavalry; ab omni parte beatus, in every respect). — ad (with ref. to an object or purpose : ad speciem magnificus, splendid in appearance: ad consilia prudens, wise in counsel; ad labores belli impiger, unwearied in the labours of war, 8fc). 5) Relations in wch 'in' is translated by other prepo- sitions, or by some of those already mentioned in other relations. a) Ad [see 4)].— (1) In the likeness, manner, %c. of, ad modum ; ad effigiem, similitudinem, or speciem cs rei. (2) = 'in comparison of,' nibil ad banc rem; ad hunc hominem. b)apud: (1) ' in' an author [see 1)].— (2) apud locum for in loco, ' very rare in C, very common in Tacitus ;' cf. Zumpt, and Orelli ad C. Verr. 4, 48, ccenam dabat apud villam in Tyndaritano ; so apud forum modo e Davo audivi, Ter. Andr. 2, 1,2. c) penes qm est = 'is vested in;' penes regem omnis potestas est. d) per : per jocum, in joke; per iram, in anger; per ridiculum, in a ridiculous manner. e) secundum = (1) in accordance with, secundum naturam vivere [seeh)]. (2) in favour of , secundum qm decernere or judicare. f ) ab. ( 1 ) ab initio, 'in the beginning,' not necessarily implying fm that time onwards ; e. g. Consuli non ani- mus ab initio, non fides ad extremum defuit.— ab ini- tio hujus defensionis dixi. (2) to be in our favour, a nobis facere (of a thing) ; a nobis stare (of persons). (3) = in consequence of, cum misericordia ab recenti memoria perfidiae auditi sunt ; a superstitione animi (in consequence of his superstitious feelings; Curt.). g) cum, before the name of a dress ; majorem partem diei cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio : also, to do athg in contempt of us, cum contemptione nostri qd facere (Cces.). h) ex, (1) before the name of that in wch athg is cooked or drunk, fyc. ex aqua, vino, &c. coquere or bibere : (2) = • in consequence of,' ' in accordance with,' ex senatus consulto; ex testamento, &c. ; e natura vivere [see e) j. i) prae = ' in comparison of;' Romam prae sua Capua irridebant [cf. a)]. j) pro: pro portione, in proportion; pro rata parte, in a proper proportion. k) in: (1) in length, breadth, fyc, in longitudinem, latitudinem [see Length, Breadth]. (2) qd in mani- bus est, is in hand ( = is commenced) ; qd in manibus habere, to have athg in hand — to be engaged upon it. — |£»£p' Now and then in with ace. is found where we should have expected in with abl., but only in a few poli- tical and legal expressions : in potestatem, amicitiam, ditionem, &c. esse or manere (C. Div. in Ccec. 20 ; in Verr. 5, 30) ; mibi in mentem est, Com. [Bentl. on Ter. Heaut. 2, 33.]— (3) 'As far as in me lay,' quantum in me fuit, &c. 1) super = ' in addition to:' super annonam bellum premit ; super morbum etiam fames affecit exercitum. |3gp" By an English idiom, an 'in' at the end of a clause, after an inf., may = 'in wch,' and is to be translated by in quo (qua, quo) or ubi ; e. g. unless he should have a country to triumph in, nisi ... ubi triumpharet, esset habiturus. He had made choice of Piso's house, to reside in, Pisonis domum, ubi habitaret, legerat (C). 6) || With the participial substantive ; quum, with the indicative (of two statements that are virtually identical, or of two actions that are necessarily inseparable; e. g. 'you do well in loving the child,' i. e. your loving the child is also doing a good action, prae- clare facis, quum puerum diligis; so, quum in portum dico, in urbem dico, in saying into the port, I virtually say into the city). My object in doing athg was $c, quod qd feci, eo pertinuit ut &c. (e. g. quod autem plures a nobis nominati sunt, eo pertinuit, quod &c, C.) 7) Miscellaneous.— Handinhand; to take inhand, have in hand, come or fall in aby's hands, §c. ; see Hand. To die in aby's arms, inter manus cs exspi- rare (g. t.); inter manus sublevantis exstingui (of one who is raising the dying person's head) ; in cs amplexu emori (in aby's embrace). To buy alhg in, licitatorem INA apponere (to place a bidder ; e. g. I will rather have it bought in than let it go for less, licitatorem potius appo- nam, quam id minoris veneat, C): it lies in the nature of the thing, ea est natura rei (C.) : to carry aby away in one's arms, qm inter manus auferre : to march in square, ire quadrato agmine : to treat a subject in verse, de qa re versibus scribere : in the Greek language, qd Graeco sermone or Graecis Uteris tractare : to do athg in the hope of athg, qd facere ad spem cs rei (e. g. urbem ad spem diuturnitatis condere). lam in hopes that 8fc, in spem venio, or magna me spes tenet &c, ivith inf., or ace and inf.: to wound aby in the forehead, face, fyc, vulnerare qm in frontem, in os ( ^° not in fronte; cf. Cces. B. G. 5, 35). INABILITY, Crcl. vnth facere qd non posse, &c. ; or non potentem esse cs rei or ad qd faciendum. See Incapable. — gjpT Impotentia can only be used either with a gen. irae, animi, &c, in the sense of ' i. to restrain one's wrath, govern one's temper,' fyc. or absol. in the sense of 'weakness,' hinc intelligitur ... tacita impotentiae exprobratio, G. 6, 2, 16. Sts imbe- cillitas, infirmitas (weakness) may serve. || Inability to pay, Crcl. with solvendo non esse; solvere non posse, non idoneum esse. See Solvent. INACCESSIBLE, inaccessus (post-Class.; Plin.).— adttu carens (wch there is no approaching ; e. g. saxa). — quo adire fas non est (wch it is not lawful to approach). Somewhat i., difficilior aditu. J. to athg, impenetra- bilis ci rei (not to be penetrated by it; e.g. specus im- bribus). To make athg ;'., qd ex omni aditu claudere (to cut off all approach to it) ; qd obsepire (to block it up; e.g. viam). || Ihpropr.) rari aditus (of a person who does not easily allow himself to be approached). To make oneself i., aditum petentibus conveniendi non dare : aby is i., aditus ad qm interclusi sunt : to be i. to bribes, animum adversus dona incorruptum gerere (aft. S. Jug. 43, fin.): to be i. to flattery, assentatoribus aures non patefacere: not to be i. to flattery, assenta- toribus aures patefacere; adulari (pass.) se sinere (C). INACCURACY, indiligentia. INACCURATE, indiligens. INACCURATELY, indiligenter. INACTION. Crcl. with nihil agere. See Inac- tivity. INACTIVE, parum efficax (that accomplishes very little). Jn. tardus et parum efficax. — segnis (opp. industrius). — ignavus (opp. navus, strenuus, indus- trius). — iners (opp. promptus). Jn. segnis inersque or ignavus et iners. — deses. desidiosus. Jn. segnis ac deses [Syn. in Idle and in Inactivity]. — deses (that is doing nothing or quietly sitting still, whilst others are busy or acting). Jn. deses ac segnis. — lentus (one that goes slowly to work, opp. acer). — otiosus (that has nothing to do, or, that does nothing; opp. laborio- sus).— quietus (being in a state of rest, opp. actuosus). — nihil agens (not doing athg, in general, opp. actuo- sus). INACTIVELY, segniter. ignave. INACTIVITY, segnities (sleepiness in acting, fm an inclination to comfort, opp. industria). — ignavia (want of athg like an inward impulse to be doing). — inertia (long continued i., and the consequent dislike of labour, opp. navitas. — 0§|r inertia also expresses the state of i. to wch a person may be compelled by circumstances, as T. Agr. 6, 4, tribunatus annum quiete et otio transiit, gnarus sub Nerone temporum, quibus inertia pro sapientia fuit). Jn. segnities et inertia, or ignavia et inertia. — desidia (the sluggishness that leads a man to sit with his hands folded ; slowth, opp. industria, labor). Jn. inertia atque desidia, or desidia segnitiesque. — otium (leisure, rest after business, wch in itself is irre- proachable, but may likewise manifest itself as a con- sequence of 'desidia,' cf. C. Agr. 2, 39, 103, ii, qui propter desidiam in otio vivunt, tamen in suS turpi inertia capiunt voluptatem). — quies (rest, re- pose, as the stale of not being in action)* To be in a state of complete i., nihil plane agere: to reduce aby to a state of i., qm transdere in otium (Ter. Phorm. prol. 2) : to force aby to a state of i., qm a rebus gerendis or a munere avocare (to prevent him fm employing himself in any public business or office) : to sink into a state of »"., desidia? se dedere. INADEQUACY, Crcl. with non 6ufficere. non satis idoneum esse.— mancum esse, &c. See Inadequate. INADEQUATE, non sufficiens. — non idoneus (not fit for the purpose it is wanted for ; of persons, e. g. wit- nesses, 8fc. ; or things, evidence, authority).— mancus. mancus quodammbdo et inchoatus (deficient, fm not being fully carried out; e.g. contemplatio naturae .... nisi actio cousequatur). INA INADMISSIBLE, CrcL; quod admitti non potest; non licet. INADVERTENCE, INADVERTENCY, impruden- tia (v. pr.) Fm i., per iraprudentiam : as often happens from i., quod saepe per imprudentiam fit (C). \\ Mistake made fm inattention, *imprudentiae peccatum {aft. stultitiae peccatum, C). I.'s (Addison), maculae, quas incuria fudit (tfi.). INADVERTENTLY, imprudenter ; per impruden- tiam; imprudens (adj.) : to omit the mention of at It g or abyi., qm or qd imprudens praeterisse videturqs. INALIENABLE, CrcL with abalienari non posse; alienari or vendi atque alienari or a se in perpetuum alienari non posse, I. right ; see Indefeasible. INANE. See Empty, Jejune. INANIMATE, inanimus. inanimatus. INANITION. See Emptiness. INANITY. See Emptiness. INAPPETENCY, fastidium (e. g. cibi, a loathing of food ; the word itself of course stronger than i., wch ■merely expresses indifference). CrcL with qd non appe- tere or desiderare ; csrei appetentem non esse ; qd non concupiscere, &c. (g. tt.)—ci cibi cupiditas non est (with ref. to food). INAPPLICABLE (to aby or athg), non cadere in, with ace. (to have no reference to). — non valere in, with an abl. (not to hold good in that case ; e. g. in uno ser- vulo familiae nomen non valet, C. Ccccin. 19, 35, the name is i. to a single slave). — ad qm or qd non perti- nere (not to relate to him or it). — qd non attingit qd (e. g. the name of law is as i. to such decrees as it would be to the rules of a band of robbers, quae non magis legis nomen attingunt, quam si latrones aliqua sanxerint, C. Leg. 2, 5). INAPPLICATION, incuria (want of the proper care). — indiligentia (want of careful attention). — socordia (laziness). — animus non or parum attentus. INAPPOSITE. See Unsuitable. INAPTITUDE. See Unfitness. INARTICULATE, vox non explanabilis et pertur- bata et verborum inefficax (Sew. de Ira, 1, 3, 5): to produce nothing but i. sounds, inexplanatae esse linguae (Plin. 11, 36,67). INARTIFICIAL, inartificialis (post-Aug.; cnexvos, Q. 5, 1, 1, 8fc). — sine arte (with a suitable adj.; e. g. an i. beauty, sine arte formosus). — simplex, sine affec- tati.ne (of i. character). — nullo cultu (not set off by any added ornament). — inaffectatus (post-Aug. ; e. g. jucunditas). — non artificiosus. inconditus (these two with blame). An i. style of oratory, genus dicendi candidu m (clear, pure). INARTIFICIALLY, inartificialiter (post-Aug. ; Q.). — sine arte, nullo cultu. INASMUCH AS, quoniam (indie.).— quum (subj.). quando ; quandoquidem (indie). See Since. INATTENTION, INATTENTIVENESS, animus non attentus.— indiligentia. neg\\gentia(negligence, fyc, opp. diiigentia). — incuria (abse?ice of the care that ought to be bestowed on athg). — socordia (thoughtless indif- ference).- (gSgToscitantia is without ancient authority. INATTENTIVE, non attentus (e. g. auditor, ani- mus). — indiligens (Coes.). — negligens (careless, letting things take their own course, opp. diligens). — socors (thoughtless fm indifference) ; Jn. socors negligensque. INATTENTIVELY, negligenter. socordius.— ggp° incuriosus and incuriose are foreign to standard prose. INAUDIBLE, quod audiri or auribus percipi non potest (wch cannot be heard). — auditui non sensibilis (aft. vox auditui sensibilis, Vilr. ; but sensib. very rare). To be i., audiri non posse. INAUGURAL, aditialis (e. g. auguralis aditialis ccena, the banquet given by a person to celebrate his election into the college of augurs; hence the best word for an ' inaugural discourse,' fyc. ; inauguralis not Latin). An i. discourse, *oratio aditialis: the i. dis- course of a professor, *oratio professionis adeundae causa dicta, recitata (Ern.). To deliver an i. discourse, *oratione sollemni munus auspicari : on entering on the duties of a professorship, *orationem professionis adeundae causa dicere; *professionem dicta oratione auspicari. INAUGURATE, inaugurare (to consecrate a place, or install a person in a priesthood, 8fc, by the interven- tion of the Augurs ; inaug. qm Fiaminem; also absol. qm). — qm constituere in munere (to place in an office). — See Install INAUGURATION, CrcL with verbs in Inaugu- rate. 83Hp° inauguratio very late; Tertull. INAUSPICIOUS, infaustus (e. g. nomen, not lucky, and therefore causing ill-luck to be anticipated). Jn. (476) INC infaustus et infelix. (gUT inauspicatus is post-Aug. in this sense; nomen, Plin. — ominosus (containing an omen, esply of bad luck ; post-Aug. ; res, Plin. Ep. 3, 14, fin.).— funestus (causing grief, fye.). — sinister (happen- ing on the left hand; hence of unfavorable omen, t, and post-Aug. prose). — adversus (opposed to one's wishes). INAUSPICIOUSLY, inaupicato (without the au- spices ; belonging propr. to the augural language of Rome). — ominose (Pseudo-QuintiL). — malis ominibus (with bad omens). INBORN. See Innate. INBRED. See Innate. INCANTATION, carmen, canticum (the prescribed form). — cantio (the uttered form, or utterance of the form). — fascinatio. effascinatio (both of fascinating by the look and by words). To repeat an i., incantare carmen (C). INCANTATORY, magicus. INCAPABILITY. See Incapacity. INCAPABLE, indocilis (not easily taught). — iners (unfit for business). — hebes (blunt, not acute). I. of athg, inutilis ad qd (unfit, e. g., of carrying arms, ad arma) ; non potens cs rei or ad qd faciendum (not in a state to do athg ; e. g. non potens armorum tenen- dorum; non potens ad legionem cohibendam); inha- bilis (not manageable, not easily made to serve the pur- pose ; mulierem his rebus inhabilem facere, C. : so labori inhabilis. Col. ; progenerandis fetibus inbabilis, ib. ; multitudo inhabilis ad consensum, i. of being made to agree; L. 12, 16) ; hebes ad qd (blunt, not sharp; e. g., i. of understanding, hebes ad intelligendum). INCAPACITATE. See Disqualify. INCAPACITY, inertia (unfitness for business). — *in- genium ci rei or ad qd or ci rei faciendae inhabile. INCARCERATE. See Imprison. INCARCERATION. See Imprisonment. INCARNATE, humanam speciem induens (C.N.B. 2, 24, 63 ; but this is not sufficiently precise and unam- biguous). — inclusus in his compagibus corporis (Sen.). — *corpore superinducto (aft. Q. 5, 8, 2, where, however, he is speaking fig.) — *homo factus (Eccl.). INCARNATION, CrcL with humanam speciem in- duere (C), or corpus superinducere (Q.), or hominem fieri, or *humanam naturam in se recipere. INCASE, includere (in athg, in qa re or qa re; with athg, qa re). INCAUTIOUS. See Inconsiderate. INCAUTIOUSLY, incaute.— improvide. temere. INCENDIARY, s. incendiarius. incendii auctor (with ref. to any single case; gglT not ustor) ; or CrcL, cujus opera conflatum est incendiura. It was the work of an i., incendium humana fraude factum est: to be proved an L, dolo se fecisse incendium convinci. INCENDIARY, adj. An i. fire, incendium dolo factum. INCENSE, s. tus (frankincense). To burn i., tus accendere: (adj.) relating to i., tureus : bearing-i., turi- fer. The vapour of i., *fumus turis : censer of 4., turi- bulum ; $§iT acerra was the box in wch it was kept. A seller of i., turarius (Inscript.). INCENSE, v. incendere (e. g. judicem, animum cs). — accendere qm in rabiem. facere qm iratum. irrltare qm or cs iram. stomachum ci facere or movere. indig- nationem ci movere. bilem ci movere or commovere. — • pungere qm (to sting a man). — offendere qm (to annoy ; of persons or things). — aegre facere ci (Plant., Ter .). To i. aby agst aby, qm facere ci iratum. Incensed, ira incensus or accensus or incitatus or flagrans. iracundia inflammatus (inflamed with anger; of high degrees of passion). To be incensed, iratum esse ; with or agst aby, iratum or offensum esse ci. He is incensed ayst me, ilium iratum habeo. They are incensed agst each other, ira inter eos intercessit. To be incensed, ira-ci. iratum fieri, indignari. stomachari. ira incendi or ex- acerbari or excandescere. iracundia exardescere, inflam- mari, efferri. To make aby incensed, facere qm iratum. irritare qm or cs iram. exacerbare qm. See Angry. INCENSORY, turibulum. |§g|r acerra, the chest in wch it was kept. INCENTIVE. See Incitement. INCESSANT, perpetuus (without intermission, con- tinual; e. g., laughter, risus).— continens. continuus (without interruption or break; immediately following one another; e.g., accidents, incommoda; work, labor). — assiduus (propr., continually present ; hence of things that continue long; e. g., rains, imbres). — perennis (lit., lasting through years; hence perpetual). Jn. per- ennis atque perpetuus (e. g. perennes atque perpeiui cursus stellarum, C). INCESSANTLY, perpetuo.— continenter ( gUTcon- INC tinue or continuo are not Class.).— sine intermissione. nullo temporis puncto intermisso {without ceasing). — a^sidue {uninterruptedly; but assirtuo is not Class.). — usque (always, without leaving off). — semper (always, at all times). I am singing i., ita cano, ut nihil inter- mittam: to work i., nullum tempus ad laborem inter- mittere : to study i., studia nunquam intermittere ; tota vita, assidere literis ; haerere in libris (to be always poring over one's books) : to entreat aby i., qm precibus fatigare. INCEST, incestus, us incestum. — domesticum ger- manitatis stuprum (between brother and sister ; C. Harusp. Besp. 20, 42). To commit i., incestum facere, committere; with one's own (whole or half) sister, cum g Tmana sorore nefarium stuprum facere; with one's daughter, incestare filiam. INCESTUOUS, incestus ( g§f° incastus, only an unchaste person ; Sen. Contr. 2, 13). INCH, digitus (a finger's thickness); adj. digitalis. — uncia (the twelfth of a whole; as measure of length, Front. Aquced. 24; Plin. 6, 34, 39). Not to depart a single i. fm athg, a qa re non (transversum) digitum decedere: not an i., ne tantulum quidem (impropr., not at all, however little). I don't see a single i. of land in Italy wch #c, pedem in Italia video nullum esse, qui &c. By i.'s, paullatim. sensim (see Gradually). INCHOATE, inchoatus (begun, and left un- finished). INCHOATIVE, inchoativus (e.g. verbum; Charis. Diom. Prise). INCIDENCE. Angle of i., *angulus, quo radii in qd incYdunt. INCIDENT, adj. Crcl. Dangers wch are i. to aby, casus periculorum, ad quos objectus est qs (C): dis- eases i. to a climate, *morbi, qui in regione qa vulgo ingruunt. To be i. to aby, cadere in qm or qd (e. g., aby is liable to it). — ci rei or ad qd objectus est qs (he is exposed to it). INCIDENT, s. casus, res. Melancholy i.'s, casus miseri, calamitosi: an unexpected i., casus impro- visus, inopinatus : various i.'s, rerum vicissitudines : many i.'s happen, incidunt saspe casus, &c. The i.'s of a play, argumentum fabulae (the subject generally) ; or res (g. t.). INCIDENTAL, fortultus (accidental). To make i. mention of athg, (casu) in mentionem cs rei inctdere. An i. thought, cogitatio forte inefdens. See Acci- dental. INCIDENTALLY, quasi praeteriens. in transitu (' en passant;' C. Divin. in Ccecil. 15, exlr. ; Q. 6, 2, 2, and 7, 3, 27). — strictim (only superficially), per occasionem. occasione oblata (an opportunity having presented it- self). To mention athg i., (casu) in mentionem cs rei incldere. See Accidentally. INCISED, incisus (e. g., leaves, folia). INCISION, incisura (post- Aug.; Col.). JggP" incisio is rhet. t. t. = noppa; or gramm. t. t. = caesura. INCISORES or INCISIVE TEETH, dentes, qui digerunt cibum, lati acutique (Plin. 11, 35, 61). — dentes, qui secant (Cels. 8, 1). INCITATION. See Incitement. INCITE, incitare. instigare. irritare (1. Incitare, fm ciere, ' to urge an inactive person by merely bidding, speaking to, and calling upon h>m, to an action, generally of a laudable kind, synonymously with liortari; instigare, to ' spur on' a reluctant person, by vehement exhortations, promises, threatc.nings, to an adventurous act, synonymously with stimulare ; irri- tare, to 'egg on' a quiet person, by rousing his pas- tions, ambition, revenge, to a violent action, synony- mously with exacerbare, Dod. : incitare is however used of 'exciting' aby agst another, in qm, L. ; contra qm, C.). To i. aby to athg, incitare qm ad qd (e.g. ad arma, bellum, voluntatem, &c), or ad qd faciendum (e. g. ad servandum genus hominum); by athg, qa re ; also incitare qd. See To Excite. INCITEMENT, irritamentum. incitamentum (to athg, cs rei, e. g. laborum; ad qd faciendum, Curt.). — invitamentum (esply in pi.). — illecgbra(tfo athg, csrei, or ger. in di). — lenocinium (enticement). — stimulus (spur, cs rei; ad qd faciendum; cs rei faciendas). — incitatio (as act, C). To employ i.'s, stimulos admovere ci ; irritamentis acuere qm (cs iram, &c.) ; illecebris qm incendere (e. g. of lusts). INCIVILITY, inurbanitas. rusticitas. Syn. in Un- civil. INCIVILLY, inurbane, rustice. INCLEMENCY. \\ Of persons, inclementia (v. pr.).— sts severitas. inhumanitas. || Of the weather, tnstitia (e. g. cceli, Plin.). — * asperitas [probably. C'177) INC but not found). — inclementia cceli (Just., but too poetical). INCLEMENT, || (Of persons,) inclemens. severus. inhumanus. || (Of the weather,) tristis (gloomy, e. g. ccelum). — asper (hard, severe, hiems). INCLINATION, 1) As an action, an inclin- ing, inclinatio. An i. of the head, inclinatio capitis. — 2) As a state: || A) Propr. direction down- wards, fastigium (slope, descent). — proclivitas. decli- vitas. acclivitas (steepness ; the two first considered fm above, the last fm below. — 8iip° inclinatio is no where used in this signification) : the i. of the magnetic needle, ♦fastigium acus nauticae. || B) Fig. A propension towards an object, inclinatio animi or voluntatis : to athg, ad qd (the i. of the mind or will to athg. j|§p° In class, prose never without the addition animi or voluntatis). — proclivitas ad qd (censurable propensity to athg). — studium ; to athg or person, cs rei or cs (liking wch impels one to pursue an object, or show fa- vour to a person). — voluntas ingenii (the direction of the mind to a particular object). — propensa in qm voluntas, propensum in qm studium (a favorable disposition to- wards aby). — amor (love), towards aby, in or erga qm ( §§gp° In this sense afFectio, wch in the golden period is only = a state or condition of mind, is quite un- Class.): i. to sensuality, libido, libidiues : i. to anger, iracundia. ad iram proclivitas : fm i., (sua) voluntate (opp. vi coactus) ; de sua voluntate (e. g., fm favorable i. to aby) ; studio (e. g. accusare) ; propenso animo (e. g. qd facere) ; ex animo (with desire and affection) : to have an i. to athg, inclinatum, proclivem, pronum esse ad qd (see Inclined) ; ci rei studere ; cs rei esse studio- sum ; cs rei studio teneri : to feel a strong i. towards athg, studio cs rei ardere or incensum esse : to feel no i. to athg, a qa re alienum esse, or (with the secondary idea of aversion) abhorrere; see 'to be Inclined to aby:' to follow one's i.'s, animi impetum sequi (to yield to one's desires and passions). — studiis suis obse- qui (to that to wch one's own impulse draws him). INCLINE, || Trans.) Propr.) inclinare (mly poet, and post- Aug. prose ; to bend downwards or to one side). || Impropr.) inclinare (very rare: this i.'s me to be- lieve, haec animum inclinant, ut credam, L. 29, 30, 10). — inducere (e. g. ad credendum, Np. ; ad misericordiam, C). — adducere (e. g. ad credendum, Np. ; in metum, in spem, C. ; but both indue, and adduc. are stronger than incline). — || Intrans.) inclinare (Lucr.). See Lean. INCLINED, propensus ad qd (easily moved to athg). — proclivis ad qd. pronus in or ad qd (easily falling into athg ; e. g., diseases, rage, passions, fyc. Before T. pronus only of instinctive, passionate, and there- fore pernicious inclinations).— studiosus cs rei (fond of). — inclinatus or inclinatior ad qd or ad qm (e. g. inclinati ad bellum animi ; plebs inclinatior ad Pcenos). I am more i. to believe that fyc, magis ut arb'tTer (with ace. or inf.) inclinat animus (L. 7, 9). / am i. to think, believe, 8fc. (1) by per f. subj. crediderim (usually only a modest expression of what one really believes). — (2) haud scio an, nescio an, dubito an (all implying positive opinion under the expression of ignorance and doubt). ft&ST In the literal translation of these forms by ' I don't know whether,' ' I doubt whether,' the ' not' or other negative is to be omitted, if expressed in Eng- lish, and vice versa: I am i. to think it is so (i. e., don't know whether it is not so), haud scio an ita sit: / am i. to place Thrastjbulus first (i. f contradictory asser- tions, 8ec); repugnare ci rei; alienum esse a qa re (e.g. a cs dignitate). To bear uthg without doing athg i. with the character of a wise man, qd ita ferre, ut nihil dis- cedas a dignitate sapientis. See 'to be Incompatible with.' ggsp ' To be i. with,' fyc. may often be translated by gen. with esse ; e. g. measures i. with the mildness of our times, quae non sunt hujus mansuetudinis. (479) INC || With ref. to character, inconstans. non constans (not agreeing with itself; of things and persons). — parum sibi conveniens, sibi repugnans (being at variance with itself). — inaequalis (t H., irregular in his actions). Jn. stultus et inaequalis (Sen. Fit. Beat. 12). — impar sibi (H.Sat.1,3,9). I. behaviour, inconstantia. To be i., see ' to act Inconsistently.' INCONSISTENTLY, inconstanter. non constanter. To act i., sibi ipsi non constare, in athg, in qa re; a se (ipse) discedere (C); a se desciscere; se deserere (to desert one's principles, one's usual method of acting). To act i. with one's usual firmness, discedere a con- stantia (so with ref. to any other mental quality; a recta, conscientia; a dignitate sapientis, a cautione, &c). INCONSOLABLE, inconsolabilis (+).— cs dolor or luctus nullo solatio levari potest. To be i., * nihil con- solationis admittere : I ami. in my grief, vincit omnera consolationem dolor. INCONSTANCY, inconstantia (v. pr. of persons or things, physical or moral : e. g. venti ; rerum humana- rum). — varietas (variety). — infidelitas (want of trust- worthiness). Jn. varietas atque infidelitas. — infirmitas. levitas (weakness, lightness, and consequent fickleness of character). Jn. levitas et infirmitas. — mutabilitas mentis (of mind). Jn. inconstantia mutabilitasque mentis (C.) — mobilitas (changeableness ; of a person or personified thing; e.g. fortunae). — volubilitas {e.g. fortunas, C). I. of the weather, ccelum varians. INCONSTANT, inconstans (of things, as the winds; and of inconsistency in persons : opp. constans). — varians. varius (the former of things, e. g. ccelum ; the latter of persons). — mutabilis. Jn. varius et mutabilis. mobilis (of persons and things; ingenium, animus, voluntas). — levis (light-minded, frivolous; of persons). — infidelis (unfaithful ; of persons). — infirmus (weak ; of persons and things). — fluxus (of things ; e. g. fides, fortuna). To be as i. as a weathercock, plumis aut folio facilius moveri (C). INCONSTANTLY, mutabiliter (Varr.). INCONTESTABLE, non refutatus (compare Walch. T. Agr. p. 352). INCON TEST ABLY, sine controversia. sine ulla" controversia. See Indisputably. INCONTINENCE, incontinentia.— intemperantia. INCONTINENT, incontinens.— intemperans. INCONTINENTLY, incontinenter.— intemperanter. INCONTROVERTIBLE. See Indisputable. INCONTROVERTIBLY. See Indisputably. INCONVENIENCE, s. incommoditas (as quality, e. g. of the matter, rei ; of the time, temporis). — incom- modum (unpleasantness, inconvenient circumstance). — molestia (trouble). To cause aby some i., ci incom- modare or molestum esse: if it can be done without any i. to yourself, quod commodo tuo fiat : whenever it can be done without i. to yourself, quum erit tuum commodum : to cause i. to aby, ci incommodum afferre, conciliare; ci negotium exhibere, facessere (to cause them trouble; to annoy them). INCONVENIENCE, v. incommodare ci, or absol. (to be inconvenient, annoying, burdensome: rare, but class., C.) — incommodum afferre ci ; qd incommodi im- portare; oneri esse. To be inconvenienced, qo affici incommodo : not to be inconvenienced, incommodi nihil capere : to be inconvenienced by athg, qd ci incommode accidit: if it can be done without inconveniencing you, quod tuo commodo fiat. INCONVENIENT, incommodus (litr. that has not the proper measure, or does not suit the circumstances ; C. Alt. 14, 6, in. Antonii colloquium cum heroibus nostris pro re nata non incommodum).— alienus (not fit for a given purpose, of time and place). — iniquus ( propr. uneven ; hence not giving a person a fair chance ; of places). — molestus (troublesome).— impedltus (con- nected with difficulties that will impede; opp. expe- ditus, e. g. via, way). — inopportunus (very rare, but class.; sedes huic nostro non inopportuna sermoni, C). — intempestivus (happening at an i. time; mat-apropos). If it is not i. to you, nisi molestum est (C); quod commodo tuo fiat : whenever it is not i. to you, quum erit tuum commodum. INCONVENIENTLY, incommode. Very L, in- commodissime; perincommode: it happened *., incom- mode (perincommode) accidit (that, quod, &c). INCONVERSABLE. See Incommunicative. INCORPORATE adjungere. adjicgre (with dat. ; to join athg to something else). — attribuere (with dat.); contribuere (with dat., or in and ace, or cum and ubl. ; to place it to something else, as a part of it). — admiscere. immiscere (with dat. ; to mix one thing up with another). INC — -inserere (to insert; e. g. aby into a family, a state, 8fc, qm familiae, numero civium, &c. ; also athg in a book, qd Hbro). To i. with any country, terrae adjun- gere, attribuere; any country into a kingdom, terrara in provinciam redigere: to be incorporated into a city, contribui in urbem j with the Oscenses, contribui cum Oscensibus : to i. the new recruits with the veterans, immiscere tirones veteribus militibus ; the cohorts into his army, cohortes exercitui suo adjungere. I| To form into a corporate body, collegium instituere or constituere : to be admitted as an incorporated member, in societatem ascribi or recipi. INCORPORATION, || Act of incorporating, adjectio (the act of adding ; e.g. to enlarge the Roman state by the i. of that of Alba, adjectione populi Albani rem Romanam augere, L. 1, 30, 6). — * collegii cott- stitutio. || Incorporated body, societas. — colle- gium. INCORPOREAL, corpore vacans or vacuus, corpore carens. quod cerni tangique non potest (immaterial). i83P° incorporalis (Sen., Q. incorporeus, silv. age). To be i., sine corpore esse; corpore vacare; corpus non esse. • INCORPOREALLY, sine corpore (ullo). 1NCORPORELTY. See Immateriality. INCORRECT, vitiosus (g. t. for faulty).— inquinatus (impure; of language). — falsus (untrue; opp. verus). The account is i., ratio non constat or convenit. |gg|r incorrectus (+ 0.). INCORRECTLY, perperam (in a manner the reverse of right ; opp. recte : e. g to pronounce, pronuntiare ; to interpret or explain, interpretari [whereas male in- terpretari = to put an unfavorable construction on] ; to judge, judicare). — vitiose (faultily; opp. recte: e. g. to infer or conclude, concludere). — falso (falsely, not really what its appearance would lead one to expect; opp. vere or vero). — secus (otherwise than as it should be; e.g. judicare). To sing i., dissonum quiddam canere (out of tune) ; perperam canere (not according to the rules of art) : to use a word i., perperam or non recte dicere verbum : to pronounce a word i., perperam prnnunciare. INCORRECTNESS, mendosa cs rei natura (aft. H. Sat. 1, 6, 66). — pravitas (perverseness, wrongness). — vitium (fault). |§^" Not mendositas or vitiositas. /. of style, vitiosus sermo (faulty style) ; inquinatus s rmo (impure style, with ref. to the expressions). J-gp" If = 'untruth,' it must be rendered by falsus (for falsitas has no class, authority, Veritas being the reading of the best MSS. in C. Cluent. 2). To prove the i. of any statement, qd falsum esse probare (Q. 2, 17, 17). INCORRIGIBLE, insanabilis (e. g. ingenium, L.). — inemendabilis (post-Aug.). INCORRIGIBLENESS, insanabile ingenium (L.).— inemendabilis pravitas (posl-^ug., Q.). INCORRUPT, incorruptus (v. propr.). — integer (whole, undefiled, not adulterated, fyc, morally pure ; opp. contaminatus, vitiatus). — sanctus (spotless, vir- tuous, morally pure). INCORRUPTIBILITY, || Propr.) Crcl. with cor- rumpi non posse. || Impropr.) Incapacity of being bribed, animus adversus dona invictus (aft. S. Jug. 43, extr.). — integritas (integrity). — innocentia (unselfishness, disinterestedness). — sanctitas (g. t. for moral purity). INCORRUPTIBLE, || Not capable of being corrupted, incorruptus (that is not corrupted) will often do; if not, Crcl. by corrumpi non posse, fyc. || Incapable of being bribed, integer, incor- ruptus (opp. pretio venalis). To be i., pecuniae or lar- gitioni resistere; animum adversus dona invictum gerere (aft. S. Jug. 43, extr.). INCORRUPTION. See Incorruptibility (propr). INCORRUPTNESS, integritas (both in a moral and a physical sense; of persons and things). — sanctitas (moral purity). I. of the heart, sanctimonia INCREASE, v. || Trans.) See To Augment, To Enlarge. || Intrans ) crescere. accrescere (to grow; to i., whether with ref. to number, extent, or intensity). ■ — incrementum capere (to receive an increase in extent or magnitude).— augeri. augescere (to be enlarged; to be increased in number or strength). — ingravescere (to become heavier ; propr., e. g. of bodies by exercise; and impropr. malum, morbus, studium).. — invalescere. evalescere (to become strong, prevalent, fyc. ; not prcc-Aug. ; consuetudo invalescit, Q..; invalescentibus vitiis, Suet. ; eval. rami, flagella, Plin. ; affectatio quietis in tumultum evaluit, T.). — corroborari. se cor- robare (to strengthen itself). The number of the enemy i.'s, numerus hostium crescit : the pains i. every day, (480) IND dolores in dies crescunt : our friendship increased with our years, amicitia cum aetate accrevit simul : the disease i.'s, malum ingravescit or corrohoratur. INCREASE, s. accretio (as act). — amplificatio (act of enlarging in extent or bu'k ; e. g. rei familiaris ; hono- ris ; gloriae). — incrementum (as state). The i. and decrease of light, accretio et diminutio luminis : / per- ceive an i. of strength, *meas vires auctas sentio. INCREDIBLE, incredibilis (that can hardly be be- lieved, hence = extraordinary, uncommon, fyc). — a fide abhorrens. nullam fidem habens (not deserving belief). 1. celerity, incredibilis celeritas. tanta celeritas, cui par ne cogitari quidem potest: i. pain, incredibilis dolor, opinione omnium major dolor : the art has made i. strides, supra humanam fidem erecta est ars (Plin. 34, 7, 17): it is i., incredibile est, also with auditu or dictu or memoratu. — a fide abhoiret. Athg is less i., qd pronius ad fidem est (L. 8, 24). INCREDIBLY, incredibiliter. incredibilem in mo- dum. incredibile quantum. — supra quam credibile est. INCREDULITY, dubitandi obstinatio, or with Crcl. credere non posse, non facile adduci, ut credat. By his i., non credendo. INCREDULOUS, incredulus (H.).— qui non facile adduci potest, ut credat. INCREMENT, incrementum (C). INCRUST, crustare.— incrustare (H., Varr.). INCRUSTATION, incrustatio (late, Procul. Dig. 8, 2, 12, fin.; Paul. Dig. 50, 16, 79 : both of the coating of walls ; e. g. with marble).— crusta, or pi. crustae (t. t. for all that is used in the way of inlaying, coating, fyc, whether for wills, vessels, or any other work of art). INCUBATION, incubatio (also incubatus, us. in- cubitus, us ; all Plin.). INCUBUS, incubo (Scrib. Larg. 100). See Night- mare. INCULCATE, prasdicere (7rpoet7re7i/: to tell or warn beforehand, to do or not do something ; with ut, ne ; esply of inculcating the wisdom, propriety, #c. of not doing something; praedicere, ne &c). — inculcare (litr. to tread athg in; take great pains to impress it deeply: id, quod tradatur vel etiam inculcetur, C. de Or. 1, 28, 127; Vatin. 11, 27). Sts tradere. — praecipere. docere, &c. INCUMBENT, adj. || Propr.) To be i. on athg, in- cubare ci rei or qa re ; inniti ci rei or (in) qa re ; impo- situm esse ci rei. || Impropr.) Obligatory, Crcl. with debeo qd facere. oportet me facere. It is i. on aby, est cs ; on me, you, %c, meum, tuum, &c , est : he believed it i. on him, officii esse duxit (Suet.). ^^° 'It is i. upon ' is munus or officium est cs, when the mean- ing is, that it belongs to the recognized duties of aby : est cs means only ' it suits or is becoming, credit- able, fyc. to aby : ' it is i. on a ruler to resist the incon- stancy of the multitude, principum munus est [not principum est] resistere levitati multitudinis. INCUMBENT, s. * beneficiarius. INCUMBRANCE. See Encumbrance anrf Burden. INCUR, qd suscipere, subire. qd (in se) concipere. qd in se admittere (e.g. guilt, culpam). To i. hatred, in odium (ofFensionenique) cs irruere; in odium cs in- currere or venire; see Hatred, Guilt, Enmitx", Danger, Penalty. To i. a fine, multam com- mittere. INCU RABL E, insanabilis (of things; e.g. illness, wound. Bg^" immedicabilis is poet, only).— desperatus (given up by the physicians, hopeless; of the illness and the patient). INCURABLY, insanabili morbo.— insanabiliter (very late, Mar cell, and Faust.). INCURIOUS, incuriosus (post-Aug., Suet., T.) See Uningluisitive, Inattentive. INCURSION, incursio (Cats., L.).— excursio (with ref. to one's own country, fin wch one makes an i. into that of others). To make an i., incursionem (hostiliter) facere; excursionem facere (in with ace): to prevent any hostile i.'s, prohibere hostem ab incursion ibus (Cces.); fines suos ab excursionibus hostium tueri (Gees.). INDEBTED. To be i. to aby for athg. qd ci debere (g. t., to be his debtor for it).— qd ci acceptum referre (i. e. to set it down, as it were, in one's account-books as received fm him, whether good or evil : = ' to have to thank him for '). — cs beneficio qm or qd esse (to owe one's present happy, 8,-c. state to aby's kindness). To be i. to aby for one's life, vitam suam ci referre accep- tam (C. Phil. 2, 5); ci vitam debere (O. Pont. 4, 3, 31); propter qm vivere (C. Mil. 22, 58, = to have to thank him for having saved one's life); a qo natum esse; propter qm haiic suavissimam lucem aspexisse (to owe IND -one's being to aby, as its author ; of parents, fyc). To be i. to aby for one's preservation, life, fyc, cs beneficio incolumem, salvum esse : to be i. to aby for the pre- servation of one's rank, property, position, %c, cs bene- ficio incolumes fortunas habere : to be i. to aby for many kind acts, ci multa beneficia debere: to feel i. [= obliged} to aby for athg, qd (e. g. munus cs) gratum acceptumque est, &c. See Obliged. || = To be in debt, see Debt or Owe. INDECENCY, indignitas (indecent behaviour or treatment of others, and indecent condition of a thing). turpitudo (vile, immoral manner in speaking or con- ducting oneself). INDECENT. See Indelicate, Unbecoming. INDECENTLY. See Indelicately, Unbecom- ingly. INDECISION, dubitatio. haesitatio (doubt, fyc, with ref. to a particular case, about wch aby cannot deter- mine how to act). — inconstantia (want of firmness as manifested by unsteadiness of plans, $c). — (* crebra) mutatio consilii (change of purpose, C). — crebra sen- tentiarum commutatio (frequent change of opinion, C. Dom. 2). — inopia consilii (the being at a loss what to do). — animus parum firmus, or varius incertusque (as a person's character). Slowness and i , dubitatio et morae(e. g. senati,S.): a person of great i- cj character, homo parum firmus proposiio aft. Veil. 2, ^'o, fin.): all my former i"., quicquid incerti mihi in ammo hiit (Plaut.) : to be in a state of i., pendere animi (or animo) ; sestuare dubitatione; dubius est qs, quid faciat ; affici inopia consilii: aby remained for a long lime in a state of i., diu incertum habuit qs, quidnam consilii caperet (S.); diu haesitavit qs, quid facere deberet. INDECISIVE, || That does not decide the question, dubius (doubtful ; e.g. prcelium, victoria). — incertus (uncertain; e. g. victoria, exitus). — am- biguus. anceps (doubtful as to the event ; e. g. belli for- tuna: but Js§|r prcelium anceps = 'a double attack,' and prcelium ambiguum, pugna ambigua is not found). — ad probandum inrirmus et nugatorius (of an argument, 8fc), or quod parvo ad persuadendum momento est (aft. magno ad persuadendum momento esse, C. In- vent. 2, 26). Trifling and i. engagements, levia et sine effectu certamina. || Undecided, vid. INDECISIVELY, sine effectu (e. g. certamina).— incerto exitu (victoriae: of an event, net yet decided; e. g. victoria;). 1NDECLINABLES, aptdta (Sn-rwTa.— Diom. Prise). INDECOROUS. Sec Indelicate, Unbecoming. INDECOROUSLY, indecore.— indigue. inhoneste. turpiter (l-g^T indecenter, post-Class.). INDECOROUSNESS. See Indecency. INDEED, || Emphatical: = in truth, fyc, pro- fecto (it is a fact; assuredly: e. g. non est ita, judices, non est profecto). — sane (preceding or following the word it refers to: oft. with adjectives; opportuna sane facu'.tas: odiosum sane genus hominum: judicare difficile est sane). / was i. exceedingly glad, sane quam sum gavisus. Sts after haud non ; / do not i. understand, haud sane intelligo). — vere (truly ; with truth : e. g. a Christian i., * vere Christianus) : aby is i. a scholar, qs est plane perfecteque eruditus. || In this way it is often used in answers: sane, etiam. vero.— ita. ita est. sic est. — certe. recte. Do you wish, fyc? I do i., visne ? Sane quidem, often with repetition of the verb ; dasne, &c. 1 do sane. [Pr. Intr. ii. 147, 148.] || As used in answers to express surprise, ojten with irony: veron'? itane vero? (e. g. non novi adolescentem vostrum. veron' ? — Serio. Plaut. True. 2, 2, 47.)— ain' tu ? (ironical). || Restrictive (opposing a pcrs m or thing spoken of to others), quidem. equidem (the latter as an affirmation made by a speaker about himself or things relating to himself: its use with any but the first person being excep.ional, it is better to avoid such use. It is very common with puto, arbitror, credo, scio \_Pr. Intr.ii. 552 — 555] ). || Con cess ive: i., ... but yet, quidem ... sed tamen (e. g. that is a poor consolation i., but fyc, misera est quidem ilia consolatio, sed tamen &c.).— etsi ... tamen (e. g etsi non sum doctus, tamen intelligo, I am not i. a learned man, but yet I understand, $c.). — non ... ille quidem ... sed (tamen): sts autem, verum, veruntamen (esply when of two attri- butes one is conceded ; bellum non injustum illud qui- dem, suis tamen chibus exitiabile: philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed &c. So with adv., enucleate ille quidem, et polite, ut solebat, nequaquam autem &c. Sts with verbs, joco uti quidem illo licet, sed &c). The ille quidem are sis omitted; e.g. cum S. Naevio, viro bono, veruntamen non ita instituto, ut &c. (481) IND INDEFATIGABLE, assiduus (active without ceas- ing). — impiger (not fearing or minding any trouble). 1. industry, assidnitas. impigritas (C. Non. p. 125, 20). INDEFATIGABLY, assidue ( ||gr assiduo is not Class.), impigre. INDEFEASIBLE, irrevocabilis.— in perpetuum xa- tus (valid, SfC. for ever). INDEFENSIBILITY, Crcl. with defendi non posse. INDEFENSIBLE, Crcl. with defendi non posse (both propr. and of maintaining the propriety of athg, <§•-c, indicare. indicio or indicium esse. INDICATIVE MOOD, fatendi modus.— modus in- dicarivus (Gramm.). INDICT, propr. delationem nominis postulare in qm (i. e. to ask the prcetor for permission to proceed agst a person). — * delationem nominis a judicibus se- lectis postulare in qm. See To Accuse; ' to bring an Action agst.' INDICTABLE, (res) accusabilis (Ochsn. C. Eel. p. 105). Sts poena or supplicio dignus (the latter, of the severest punishment). — animadvertendus (to be noticed, and visited with punishment). Athg is i. or not i., est cs rei (ulla) or nulla actio. A person's conduct is i., est actio in qm. INDICTMENT, libellus (post- Aug.; $gf not aceu- satorius libellus). nominis delatio. To prefer an i. agst aby, *delationem nominis a judicibus selectis pos- tulare in qm. — libellum de qo dare (Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 11) : to frame or draw up an i., libellum formare (Paul. Dig. 48, 2, 3) or componere et formare (t Juv.). To find an i. (i. e., to find it a true bill), ci delationem dare (the dat. being the name of the prosecutor, whom the jury, by their finding, allow to prosecute; C. Div. in Ccecil. 15, 49). INDIFFERENCE, neglectio, contemptio, despi- cientia cs rei (contempt for it, utter disregard of it ; always with gen. of thing). — irreverentia (want of a respectful or proper appreciation of athg, cs rei : e. g. studiorum, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 5 ; cf. T. Ann. 3, 31, 2). — aequus animus, sequitas animi (undisturbed, unagitated state of mind).— dissolutus animus (see quotation ap- pended to dissolutus in Indifferent). — lentitudo (phlegmatic i., e. g., to wrongs done to oneself or one's neighbour: cf. C ad Qu. Fr. 1,1, No. 13, § 38).— abtaQopia (in Gk letters, C.Att. 2, 17; of i. to political affairs). — animus durus (hard-heartedness). — frigus. animus alienatus a qo (coldness wch one manifests to aby, e. g. to a former friend). To bear athg with i., aequo animo ferre or pati qd ; lente ferre qd. The prevailing i. to religion, haec, quae nunc tenet seculum, negligentia deum. INDIFFERENT, \\Neutral as to good or evil; (482) IND of a middling quality; nee bonus, nee malus. — indifferens (neither good nor bad: both C. Fin. 3, 16,. 53 ; but the last only as an attempted translation of the Gk. abicKpopov). — medius. qui (quae, quod) neque lau- dari per se neque vituperari potest (holding the mean between what deserves censure on the one hand and blame on the other, Q. 2, 20, 1). — mediocris (moderate; indifferently good : e. g. sunt bona, sunt quaedam me- diocria, sunt mala plura). — neuter (neither morally good nor bad: i. in a moral sense; only, of course, when 'good' and 'bad' are mentioned; e. g. quid bonum sit, quid malum, quid neutrum, and what v., C. Divin. 2, 4). \\ Unconcerned, securus (without any anxiety on the subject). — dissolutus (phlegmatic, letting every thing take its own course ; e. g. quis tarn dissoluto animo est, qui haec quum videat, ta- cere ac negligere possit? C. Rose. Am. 11, 32). — lentus (^ow to receive impressions, to feel sympathy or take interest in athg ; in a bad sense ; cf. Drak. and Fabri, L. 22, 14). An i. look, vultus non mutatus : to put on an i. look, vultum non mutare : it is i to me whether, nihil mea interest or refert (utrum &c. See Zumpt, 449) : I am i. to aby or athg, qd or qm non or nihil euro ; qd or qs mihi non cordi est ; qd ad curam meam non pertinet ; qd or qm negligo; de qa re non laboro (I feel no care or anxiety about athg; do not trouble, myself about it). — qa re non moveor (am not affected by it; e. g. to be i. to money, pecunia, non mo- veri). — qd or qm despicio or contemno (think it or him beneath my notice). He is i. to the opinions of others, negligit or nihil curat, quid de se quisque sentiat : I am not i. to athg, qd mihi curae or non sine cura est ; qd ad curam meam pertinet ; qd a me non alienum puto : I am not i. to the breach of the treaty, non pro nihilo mihi est fcedus rumpi(t): I have grown i. to pain, obduruit animus ad dolorem novum : to be i., in neutram partem moveri (a philos. t.t , C. Acad. 2, 42, 130) : I am i. to the attractions of a place, cs loci vo- luptates inoffensus transmitto : I am i. to every thing but your safety, nihil laboro nisi ut salvus sis (C). INDIFFERENTLY, || Without distinction, sine discrimine.— promiscue. — (with ref. to persons), nulllus habita ratione; delectu omni ac discrimine remoto; omissis auctoritatibus. || Impartially, vid. \\Without emotion, #c, aequo animo (with un- disturbed mind). — lente (with sluggish indifference). || Tolerably (well, 8(c), commode (e.g. saltare, Np.). — satis (e. g. literatus ; both = ' i. well;' i. e., expressing considerable progress or merit). — modice (e g. locuples). — mediocriter (e. g. disertus). INDIGENCE, (HSF Not indigentia = 'need,' 'ne- cessity' or ' inexplebilis libido,' C.) See Poverty. INDIGENT, indigens (e. g indigentibus benigne facere, C. Off. 2, 15, 52). See Poor. INDIGESTED. See Undigested. INDIGESTIBLE, difficilis concoctu or ad conco- quendum. — valentissimus (opp. imbecillimus ; Cels. 2, 1 8, with ref. to fitness for invalids). INDIGESTION, cruditas. INDIGNANT, indignabundus (full of indignation). — subiratus (a little angry). — iratus (angry). — inlquus (in an unfavorable humour or disposition of mind). To be i. (e. g. at r.by's conduct), ci stomachari or irasci: to become i., irasci ; with athg, indignari qd (to consider athg unworthy). — iniquo animo ferre qd (not to bear athg with indifference). To become i. at fyc, indig- nari, quod fire, or with ace. and infin. INDIGNANTLY, indignabundus (adj., L. ; not Cces. or C). — indignans (or indignatus) qd (ace. of the cause being expressed). — irato animo. iracunde (angrily). To look i. at aby, *iratis oculis or truci vultu qm intueri. INDIGNATION, indignatio. indignitas (displeasure felt at athg unworthy, unbecoming, improper), cs rei. — stomachus (vexation, chagrin). — bilis. ira (a higher de- gree of dissatisfaction or anger at some suffered wrong or injury; it is often a consequence of 'indignitas,' cf. L. 5, 45, 6: 'indignitas,' atque ex e3. ira animos cepit). Somewhat of i., indignatiuncula : with i., animo iniquo or irato ; indignabundus : with bitter or vehement i., indignatione quadam exacerbatus (aft. L. 2, 35, extr.): to cause or rouse i., indignationem movere: to rouse aby's i., ci stomachum or bilem movere: to draw upon oneself aby' si., cs indignationem in se convertere: the i. increases, indignitas crescit; manifests itself, indignatio erumpit : to show one's i. agst aby, indig- nationem or indignatiunculam apud qm effundere. • INDIGNITY, indignitas (also in pi.). Jn. (in pi.) indignitates contumeliaeque. To submit to the trouble and i. of athg, cs rei (or qd faciendi) indignitatem et molestiam perferre (C): to bear all manner of L's, IND omnes indignitates contumeliasque perferre (Ctzs.) : to be driven to do athg by all manner of i.'s, omnibus in- dignitatibus compulsum esse (ad qd faciendum, L.). See Insult, s. INDIGO, indicum (Plin.). — color indicus (as colour). The i plant, *indigofera (Linn.). INDIRECT, quod circuitione quadam (or per am- bages) fit.— obllquus (e. g. orationes, Suet. ; insectatio, T.). — perplexus (e. g. sermones, L.). I. taxes, *vecti- galia circuitione quadam pendenda, solvenda ; or vec- tigalia only (as being ultimately paid by the consumer) : i. discourse (in Gramm.), *oratio non directa. INDIRECTLY, circuitione quadam or per ambages (in an indirect manner). — oblique (e. g. perstringere qm). — tecte. perplexe. Epicurus denies i. the existence of the gods, Epicurus circuitione quadam deos tollit. INDISCERNIBLE. See Invisible. INDISCERPTIBLE, quod dirimi distrahive non potest, quod discerpi non potest, quod nee secerni, nee dividi, nee discerpi, nee distrain potest (C. Tusc. 1, 29, 71). INDISCREET. See Imprudent. INDISCREETLY. See Imprudently. INDISCRETION. See Imprudence. INDISCRIMINATE, promiscuus (e. g. omnium ge- nerum caedes, T.), or Crcl. with nulhus rationem ha- bere ; delectum omnem ac discrimen tollere. INDISCRIMINATELY. See Indifferently. INDISPENSABLE, necessarius ; for athg, ad qd. Quite i., pernecessarius. maxime necessarius : athg is i. to me, qa re carere non possum : to show that athg is i. to us, nos qa, re carere non posse probare. INDISPENSABLY, necessario. I. necessary, * pror- sus or omnino necessarius. INDISPOSE, \\Tomakeapersondisinclined, %c , abducere qm or cs animum a qa re (to draw aby away fmapursuit, object of interest, fyc). — deducereqm de or a qa re (to draw him off fm it; impropr. — de animi ienitate ; ab acerbitate, &c). To i. aby to another, qm or cs voluntatem a qo abalienare. qm ab cs ami- citia avertere (C imbecillis is a later form). — infirmus (having no firmness or duration). — debilis (useless, fm some defect). || Unsteady in purpose, inconstans. levis. — in consiliis capiendis mobilis. INFIRMARY, valetudinarium (Sen.).— nosocomium (voffoKo/jieiov, Cod. Just.; used by Ruhnk.). The sur- geon or apothecary of an i., nosoebmus (Cod. Just.). — qui aegris praesto est (Tarrunt. Dig. 50, 6, 6). INFIRMITY, || Weakness, vid. || Infirmity of purpose, see Inconstancy. INFIX, infigere ci rei or in qd. See ' to Fix in.' INFLAME, inflammare(w.^r. invidiam, motus ani- morum). — incendere {populum, animum, &c. in qm). To i. discord, sedition, accendere discordiam, seditio- nem : to i. to madness, accendere qm in rabiem : to i. our desires or passio7is, inflammare cupiditates, or qm ad cupiditates : inflamed with lust, libidinibus inflam- matus et furens : inflamed with love, amore incensus ; with hatred, odio incensus; with anger, ira incensus: to i. the populace by bribes and promises, plebem ... Jargiundo et pollicitando incendere. (486) INF INFLAMMABILITY, *facilitas exardescendi. See Combustibility. INFLAMMABLE, facilis ad exardescendum. quod celeriter accenditur. — concipiendo igni (or concipiendis ignibus) idoneus. INFLAMMATION, inflammatio (g. t.). To cause i., inflammationes movere (Cels.): till the i. is over, donee inflammatio finiatur (id.) : when the i. is over, inflammatione finita (id.) : to remove i., inflammationem discutere (Plin.): to lessen i., inflammationem sedare, refrigerare, or mitigare (Plin.). \\Of the eyes, ocu- lorum inflammatio; oculorum sicca perturbatio, arida lippitudo (the former in Scrib. Larg. 32 ; the latter in Cels. 6, 6, 29, who both use it as an explanation of the Greek ^po^OaKpiia, wch later writers also employ as a Latin word). INFLAMMATORY, || Propr.) Orel. I. symptoms, * inflammationis signa or notae : i. action, inflam- matio. || Fig.) Intended to stir up the minds of the people, seditiosus. — ad sensus animorum atque motus inflammandos admdtus (e. g. oratio ; aft. C. de Or. 1, 14, 60) : i. language, seditiosEe voces (e. g. seditiosis vocibus increpare qm), or seditiosa (pi. adj.) : to use i. language, seditiosa per coetus disserere (T. Ann. 3, 40, 3): an i. address, seditiosa atque improba oratio (Cces.): i. addresses or harangues, conciones turbulentae, furiosissimae (of any wild, stormy, violent addresses). — conciones seditiosae et turbulentae (C. ; violent and treasonable). A most i. speech, seditio- sissima oratio (B. Afr. 28, 2). INFLATE, inflare. sufflare (both propr. and im- propr). To i. with pride, inflare cs animum ad into- lerabilem superbiam (L. 45, 31): to be inflated with pride, (superbia) intumescere; efferre se superbia (S.); efferre se insolenter (C); efferri fastidio (of a disdain- ful pride, C); tumere superbia (Phcedr.; C. has ani- mus numquam tumet). Inflated, 1) Propr.) inflatus (e. g. tibiae); 2) Impropr.) inflatus or elatus et inflatus (with athg, qa re) ; inflatus et tumens (e. g. animus, C.) ; inflatus et tumidus (T.); inflatus et inanis (Q. ; both of style) ; immodico tumore turgescens (Q. ; of style). INFLATION, || Propr.) inflatio (esply of the body; flatulency). — inflatus, us (propr.). || Impropr.) With ref. to style, tumor (imnu>dicus, Q. ; post-Aug.). INFLECT, inflectere. See ' Bend ira.' INFLECTION, inflexio (C.).— inflexus, us (post- Aug., Sen., Juv.) ^Declination, <§•)? : and also in- habitant of a colony, a7roiKor: it is only in poet, that it is used for ' inhabitant' generally). — civis (citizen, who, as such, possesses civil rights, S>c. ; opp. peregrinus). — habitator (g. t. for one who dwells in a country, fyc). — homo (esply inpl. homines, wlien 'i.'s' is used for 'men,' 'persons:' e.g. haec regio multos alit homines). The i. of a town, oppidi incola, oppidanus (esply as opp. i. of a village) : i. of a village, incola vici ; vicanus. pa- ganus (esply as opp. 'i. of a city') : i. of a province, pro- vincialis : the first i.'s of Britain, qui initio Britanniam incoluerunt. INHALE, spiritu (spirando) ducere; spiritu hau- rire. To exhale and i., anhelitum reddere ac per vices recipere : to i. and exhale, animam attrahere ac red- dere. INHERE, inhaerere (ci rei; ad qd [to it], in qa re). — inbaerescere (ci rei or in qa re). See Cleave to. INHERENT, proprius. in cs rei natura positus. cum re ipsa or cum rei natura conjunctus. ad rem ipsam or ad rei naturam pertinens (belonging to the nature of athg as an essential part of it). — penitus defixus (firmly rooted in athg ; e. g., a failing or fault). — innatus. in natura insYtus (innate; inherent in our nature). Sts omnium, cujusvis may serve (e. g., the liability to err is i. in human nature, cujusvis hominis est erraie : athg is i. in aby, qd ci inest proprium ; e. g. inest proprius quibusdam decor, Q. 6, 3, 12). An i. right, naturae jus aliquod (C.Legg. 1, 14, 4, jus naturale is the whole body or sum of natural rights). INHERIT, hereditate accipere (also fig.) : to have inherited athg, hereditate mihi venit qd, hereditate possidere qd (to possess by heirship, but in no other way) : to i. the whole property, heredem ex asse (or ex libella) esse : to i. a large property fm aby, magna mihi venit ab qo hereditas : to i. a half, heredem esse ex dimidia parte : to i. a sixth, in sextante esse: to i. as much as all the other heirs together, capere tantun- dem, quantum omnes heredes (C. de Legg. 2, 19, 48) : to i. a portion, in partem hereditatis vocari ; in here- ditate partem habere : both inherited equal shares, here- ditas ad utrumque aequaliter veniebat : to i. an empire fm one's father, imperium a patre accipere : to have inherited a surname fm aby, nomen hereditarium ha- bere ab qo : hatred, as it were, inherited, velut here- ditate relictum odium : to i. one's father's influence, in paternas succedere opes. INHERITANCE, hereditas (the right of heirship, and the sum of the things belonging to the i.). I. by will, hereditas ex testamento ; without a wil , here- ditas ab intestato (this is called legitima, the lawful, necessary ; the former testamentaria; all in the JCtt.) : an i. not yet entered upon, hereditas jacens : a com- mon i., hereditas communis: a joint i., communis herediras, quae ad utrumque aequaliter lege veniebat. To fix one's heart upon an i., oculos hereditati adji- (488) INJ cere ; hereditatem persequi : to receive an i., heredi- tatem cons&qui or capere : / receive an i., hereditas mihi venit, obvenit; hereditas ad me venit or per- v&nit: to receive a rich i., adipisci effertissimam here- ditatem (Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8); magna ac luculenta hereditas ci obtingit: something comes to me by i., hereditate mihi qd venit or obvgnit : to have part in an i., habere partem in hereditate; vocari in partem hereditatis : to take possession of an i., hereditatem adire, cernere, adire cernereque; cretionem capere (Plin. 2, 26, 24; fig.): to decline, refuse an i., se abs- tinere hereditate ; hereditatem omittere, repudiare (JCt.) : to claim and take possession of an i., hereditati se miscere or se immiscere (ib.) : to obtain, or to en- deavour to obtain, an i. surreptitiously, testamentum captare : to exclude aby fm an i., qm excludere here- ditate. INHERITOR, INHERITRIX. See Heir, Heir- ess. INHIBIT, INHIBITION. See Prohibit, Prohi- bition. INHOSPITABLE, inhospitalis (only of countries). — *non or parum hospitalis (of persons) ; or *qui valde fugit hospites (aft. C. 'Fuse. 3, 11). — *cujus riomus hos- pitibus rarissime patet. — *qui perpaucos hospitio acci- pit. An i. house, *domus quae perpaucos hospites recipit. INHOSPITABLY, * parum hospitaliter (hcspitaliter, L., Curt.). INHOSPITALITY, inhospitalitas (C. Tusc. 3, 11). INHUMAN, inhumanus. — sts immanis (natura). ferus. Jn. ferus et immanis. — crudelissimus (savage, cruel, fyc). An i. punishment, supplicium exempli parum memoris legum humanarum. INHUMANITY, inhumanitas. immanitas (opp. hu- manitas, C. Deiot. 12, 32). crudelitas. Jn. crudelitas inhumanitasque. Such barbarous i., tam crudelis, tarn immoderata inhumanitas (C). INHUMANLY, inhumane.— contra naturae legem. Jn. inhumane contraque naturae legem (e.g. facere). Hggr inhumaniter occurs only in the sense of 'un- kindly,' fyc. — crudelissime. INHUME, humare. humo tegere. — inhumare (Plin.). INIMICAL. See Hostile. INIMITABLE, nemini imitabilis, or quod nulla ars (or nulla manus, nullus opif'ex) consequi potest imitando. Homer imitated nobody, and is himself i., neque ante Homerum, quern ille imitaretur, neque post ilium, qui eum imitari posset, inventus est {Veil.): Calamis made a chariot and pair, that has hitherto remained i., Calamis fecit bigas cum equis semper sine aemulo expressis (Plin. 34, 8, 19). INIMITABLY, sine aemulo; or Crcl. with phrases in Inimitable. Sts divinitus (e. g. scribere). INIQUITOUS. See Wicked, Unjust. INIQUITY. See Wickedness, Injustice. INITIAL, principium nominis ( cf. Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 7) ; or litera grandis, as capital letter. INITIATE, initiare (e. g. Bacchicis, in the mysteries of Bacchus; sacrorum' sollemnibus, in the religious rites and usages; Just. 11, 7, 14). To be initiated in literature, science, fyc, initiari Uteris, studiis, &c. (Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 8. Q. 1, 2, 20); Uteris imbui or institui (C). To i. aby in political affairs, or in the mysteries of public business, qm ad curam reipublicae admovere. INITIATION, initiatio (post-Class., Appul.). Crcl. with initiare, initiari. INJECT, infundere (med. t. t. malvas utilissime infundi, &c.).— clystere qd infundere (of a clyster; Plin.).— dare in alvum (e. g. aqua datur in alvum, Cels.). ggj§T Not injicere. INJECTION, infusio. infusus, us (Plin. ; med. 1. t). jgggr not injectio. INJUDICIOUS, nullius consilii. inconsultus (of per- sons or things).— imprudens (without prudence, fore- sight, 8;c.).— stultus. INJUDICIOUSLY, inconsulte. — stulte. — *parum sapienter.— male (ill). INJUNCTION. See Charge, Command. INJURE, injuriam ci facere, inferre, injungere. injuria qm afficere (to inflict a wrong or injury upon). — offendere (to give offence, offend agst propriety).— laedere. violare (hurt, injure, grieve, vex). _ To i. aby without provocation, injuria lacessere; priorem lae- dere': to be injured, injuriam accipere or pati : to feel oneself injured, injuriam factam putare ; by athg, qd in or ad contumeliam accipere. See To Hurt. INJURER, violator, &c. Crcl. qui laedit qm or qd ; qui nocet ci ; qui injuriam facit, or infert ci, &c. raj INJURIOUS, H Hurt Jul, damnosus, detrimen- tosus (that occasions injury or loss, detrimentum, Cces. B. G. 7, 33). — alienns. adversus (not suitable, unfavor- able, contrary). — iniquus (unsuitable, unfavorable, of places and their situatio?is ; then = unjust: to or for athg ; all with a dat.). Food i. to the stomach, cibi stomacho alieni ( H^gT inimici is rather poet.). — || Wrongful, insulting, injuriosus (injuring, da- maging). — contumeliosus ( reviling, containing re- proaches). I. words, voces contumeliosa? ; verborum contumeliae (reproachful). — voces mordaces or acu- leatae; verborum aculei (vexing, grieving). To be i., habere qd offensionis (of a thing). INJURIOUSLY, || Hurtfully, vid. || Wrong- fully, insultingly, injuriose (wrongfully, unjustly). — contumeliose (C, Q.., insultingly). — male (ill, un- favorably). — inique (unjustly). To speak i. of aby, cs laudibus obtrectare; detrahere de cs fama. INJURY, || Unjust act, injuria (both that ivch I suffer and that wch I inflict). — offensio (an offending aby, and the offence itself). — contumelia (insulting act). To suffer many i.'s, multis injuriis affici : to protect aby fm i., qm prohibere injuria. $&js£" ' An i. in- flicted by aby' is sts cs injuria, and sts both the objective and attributive genitives are found together, veteres Helvetiorum injuriae populi Romani ( = ' the i.'s in- flicted on the Roman nation by the Helvetii.' The two genitives must be on different sides of the substantive): irreparable i.'s, injuriae insanabiles : to inflict an i. on aby. injuriam or contumeliam ci facere ; injuriam ci inferre or injungere: to load aby with i.'s and insults, injurias contumeliasque imponere»ci (C.) : to suffer an i. at aby's hands, injuriam accipere a qo: to believe oneself to have suffered an i., *qa re se laesum or viola- tum putare (to feel oneself hurt by athg) : to pass over an i., injuriam non insectari: to forgive an i. for aby's sake, injuriam condonare ci (Cces. B.G. 1, 20) : to revenge an i., injuriam persequi or ulcisci. — || Hurt, incommodum (any contrary or prejudicial circum- stance; opp. commodum). — damnum (loss, esply through fault or demerit; opp. lucrum). — detrimentum (detri- ment, damage; opp. emolumentum). — fraus (athg pre- judicial on the part of another). Without i., sine incom- modo; sine damno; sine fraude : without i. to your health, commodo or sine incommodo valetudinis tuae : without i. to your honour, sine imminutione dignitatis tuae : as far as can be done without i. to me, quod sine fraude mea fiat : to the i. of, cum incommodo ; cum damno; cum detrimento : to my great i., cum magno meo damno : to the great i. of the state, maximo rei- publicae detrimento or incommodo ( |3§ir pessimo publico, L. 2, 1, is unusual) : if it can be done without i. to the whole (state), commodo reipublicae facere si pos- sint : to tend to the i. of, incommodo or damno or fraudi esse : to do athg to one's own i., qd incommodo suo facere : to suffer i., incommodum or detrimentum ca- pere or accipere; damnum or detrimentum facere ( S&Sf" but damnum pati is not good; see To Suf- fer): to suffer some i., qd damni contrahere.: to oc- casion i. to aby, incommodum ci ferre or afferre; ci damnum dare or apportare or afferre; detrimentum ci afferre or inferre or importare; detrimento qm arncere; fraudem ci ferre. INJUSTICE, a) Unjust proceeding, injustitia. 8) Unjust action, injuria, injuste factum. To commit an i., injuste facere ; injuriam facere. INK, v. *atramenti maculis aspergere (to spot with INK, s. atramentum librarium or scriptorium ; or,fm context, atramentum only. To dip one's pen in the i., intingere calamum (Q. 10, 3, 31). Indian i., atra- mentum Indicum (Plin. 35, 6, 25). Red i., encaustum (purple i. used by the later Empp.) ; *liquor ruber scri- bendo far-tus. INK-SPOT, atramenti macula. INK-STAND, atramentarium (*Vulg. Ezech. 9, 2). INKLING. See Hint, Intimation. INLAND, mediterraneus (opp. maritimus). An i. country, terra or regio mediterranea (opp. terra or regio maritima) ; mediterranea, orum (opp. maritima). One who dwells in an i. district, homo mediterraneus (opp. homo maritimus) ; plur. homines mediterranei, and simply mediterranei: an i. lake, *lacus mediterra- neus : an i. toivn, oppidum mediterraneum (opp. oppi- dum maritimum); civitas mediterranea (the town with its territory ; opp. civitas maritima). INLAY, distinguere (to variegate ; e.g., with silver and gold, argento auroque). — caelare (with half-raised work ; e. g., shields with gold, scuta auro). — tessellare {with small pieces of different coloured marble, $c; (489) INN i. e., to (.with Mosaic work; e.g., a floor, pavimen- tum; of. Bremi, Suet. Cces. 46). A floor of inlaid work, pavimentum tessellatum et sectile; walls, parietes vermicuiatis crustis. Inlaid work, opus intestinum (Plin. 16, 42, 82: one who makes such, intestinarius, Cod. Theod.13,4, 2). INLAYING, opus intestinum (Plin. 16, 42, 82). See Mosaic. INLET, adttus (to athg, ad qd; also fig.). — accessus (rare). — introttus (in qd, propr. and fig.). — fauces (narrow i ). — ostium (into a harbour, 8(c). Jn. intro- ftus atque ostium (e.g. portus). — os (mouth; e. g., into a cave, speeds). IN LIEU OF. See Instead of. INLY. See Inwardly. INMATE, inquilinus (v. pr., opp. domimis, C. ; and also = qui eundem colit locum, Fest. p. 79, Lind.). INMOST, intimus (e. g. venter, sacrarium, &c). The i. part, intima pars ; intima, n. pi. INN. See Diet, of Aniiqq. 208. — deversorium (any house of reception on a journey, whether one's own property or that of one's friends, or of inn-keepers). — hospitium (an i. for the reception of strangers). — cau- pona (a tavern kept by a publican. These three afforded lodging as well as food. — taberna, popina, ganea fur- nished food only, like restaurateurs: tab., for the com- mon people, as eating-houses ; pop. for gentlefolks and gourmands, like ordinaries ; ganea, for voluptuaries; DM.); also taberna deversoria (Plaut.)j taberna cau- ponia (Ulp.). A room at an i., *conclave deversorii. To put up at an i., in tabernam qam devertere (C.) : an i. is shut up, taberna occluditur. INNATE, innatus. ingeneratus. insftus. ingenitus. insitus et innatus (inborn, originally indwelling). — naturalis. nativus (natural; opp. assumptus, adven- ticius, ascitus ; i. e., acquired by artificial means, $"acnv, Q. 9, 2, 3). To make an i. agst aby, oblique perstringere qm ; sts designare qm oratione (to make it felt that he is the person meant ; cf. Cces. B. G. 1, 18) : no one has ever made the most covert i. agst my honour, whom %c, nemo un- quam me tenuissima suspicione perstrinxit, quern &c. (C. Sull. 16.) INSIPID, || Propr.; with ref. to taste; nihil sapiens (having no taste, tasteless ; %*j£T insipidus only very late).— non conditus (unseasoned, not made palate- able by seasoning ; [@S||r not inconditus). — voluptate carens (affording no pleasure or enjoyment). To be i., nihil sapere ; sapore carere ; voluptate carere. |j Want- ing raciness, fyc, insulsus. inficetus (having no poignancy of wit, spirit, #c). — absurdus (that does not ring, as it were; gives no sound). Jn. ineptus et ab- surdus. — *qui nullum habet succum neque sangui- nem (aft. succus ille et sanguis ... oratorum fuit, C. Brut. 9, 36 ; habeat tamen succum qm oportet, &c). INSIPIDITY, Propr.) Crcl. with the adjj. ; e. g. i. of the dishes, cibi voluptate carentes. |J Want of raciness, fyc, insulsitas. absurditas [Syn. in Insi- pid]. INSIPIDLY, sine sapore (propr.). — insulse. ab- surde. inepte. inficete (with ref. to wit, works of taste, 8fc). INSIST, || To insist upon a person's doing so and so, ci instare (with inf. = l to i. on being allowed to do something,' instat poscere recuperatores : with ut, ne ; tibi instat Hortensius, ut eas in consilium, C). — urgere qm (to press aby; mly absol. ; with ut, Asin. PoH. ap. C. Fam. 10, 32, 4, ursit me ... ut legionem trigesimam mitterem sibi). Jn. instare et urgere {absol. = 'to insist upon it'). I not only ask but i. upon being told, what the nature of the charge is, posco atque adeo flagito crimen (i. e., demand it importunately ; C). — Often exigere qd only: to i. on being told the truth, exigere veritatem ; on receiving longer letters, longiores literas exigere. — To insist upon any thing, in- stare de qa re. urgere qd. — postulare qd (to demand it emphatically). To i. upon the payment of a debt, debi- tum consectari or exigere : to i. upon one's rights, de jure suo non decedere. Sts pass, impersonal ; if it be insisted upon, si instetur (sc. a qo, L.). INSNARE. See Ensnare. INSOLENCE, insolentia. — intemperantia. intempe- ries (unrestrained, insolent behaviour). INSOLENT, insblens. superbus. arrbgans [Syn. in Arrogant]. Jn. insolens et superbus. To become i., INS insolentem fieri ; insolenter or insolentius se efterre or gerere ; intumescere (Plin.). — insolescere (S. aft. Cato ; T., Just.). — superbire, &c. ; magnos spiritus or magnam arrogantiam sibi sumere. To be i., insolen- tera esse; inani superbia tumere, &c. : to make aby i., qm superbum or insolentem facere ; ci spiritus afferre {both of things) : to make aby intolerably i., cs animum ad intolerabilem superbiam inflare [See Proud]. INSOLENTLY, insolenter. — superbe. — arroganter. — intemperanter. INSOLUBLE, Crcl. with liquefied (liquari, resolvi, disciiti) non posse [Syn. of verbs in Melt]. INSOLVABLE (^inexplicable), inexplicabilis or dirncilis et inexplicabilis [e.g. res, C.); insolubilis (Q.) ; or Crcl. with solvi non posse (solvere captiosa, C, aenig- mata, Q). INSOLVENCY, Crcl. with solvendo non esse, &c. ; also (of a merchant) cedere foro (Up.). To make oath of one's i., bonam copiam ejurare (C*. Fam. 9, 16, 7). INSOLVENT, qui non est solvendo or ad solven- dum. To take an oath that he is i., bonam copiam ejurare (C. Fain. 9, 16, 7). See Bankrupt. INSPECT, inspicere qd (also to i. athg in order to acquire a knowledge of it; e. g. rationes suas, Sen. ad Hclv. 10, 3, arma, viros, equos). — cognoscere (avayi- •fvuMTiieiv, to acquire an insight into athg, to read athg, in order to make oneself accurately acquainted with its contents ; e. g. literas ; see Bremi, Np. Lys. 4, 3). — — recensere. recensum cs agere (to go through one by one, to inform oneself of the number, state, 8,-c. ; an army, the cavalry, senate, fyc); also recensere etnume- rum inire (Cces.). To i. the Sibylline books, libros Sibyllinos adire (to approach, in order to consult them). INSPECTION, cura (the general management of athg; aerarii, publicorum operum, viarum). — custodia (the duty of keeping athg ; the charge of it). Jn. cura custodiaque. Aby receives the i. of the treasury, cura zerarii transit in qm. INSPECTOR, custos. curator (to whom the keeping or preservation of athg is entrusted). — praeses. praefectus (who is placed over athg).— exactor operis (who is to see that any task is performed with care). I. of the highroads, curator viarum; of the streets, magister vici; vico- magister (Sext. Ruf. ; the officer vjho attended to the cleaning of the streets, fyc. in a quarter of the city). I. of police, denunciator (aft. second cent, of Christian era; Inscript. OrelL, No. 5, 2544, and 3216). To make aby i. of athg, praeficere qm curatorem ci rei, or only praeficere or praeponere qm ci rei ; custodem qm imponere ci rei (seld. in qa re ; e. g. in hortis, Np. Cim. 4, 1 ; in frumento publico, C. pro Flacc. 41). I. of the picture galleries, qui est a pinacothecis (Inscriptt.). INSPIRATION, inflammatio animi. instinctus or inflatus divinus. instinctus inflatusque divinus. in- stinctus afflatusque divinus. ccelestis mentis instinc- tus. mentis incitatio et permotio divina. mentis inci- tatio et motus. inflammatio animi et afflatus quidam furoris (the i. of a god; the last in a higher degree). To see into futurity by i., furentem futura prospicere : to foretell the future by i., qo instinctu inflatuque futura praenunciare : to compose poetry under i., ccelesti quo- dam mentis instinctu carmina fundere : poetic i., in- flammatio animi et quidam afflatus quasi furoris (C. de Or. 2, 96, 194). INSPIRE, || Propr.) cs mentem divino afflatu or cs animum divino instinctu concitare : to be inspired, spiritu divino tangi; divino quodam spiritu inflari; divino instinctu concitari. || Fig.) To render highly excited, excttare. incendere. inflammare (g. tl., to raise one's mind, to inflame). — laetitia or gaudio perfundere. totum ad se convertere et rapere {to gratify to the utmost, to charm, enrapture). To be inspired, mentis viribus excitari ; ardore qo inflam- mari atque incitari: to be inspired with joy, totum in laetitiam effusum esse ; beatum esse omnibus laetitiis (to be quite entranced with joy ; Ccecil. ap. C. Fin. 2, 4, 13): to speak like an inspired person, orationem ad sensus motusque animorum inflammandos admovere: wine i.'s a man, vinum ingenium facit (O. Met. 7, 433). || Inspire with athg, injicere ci qd (to instill, infuse into aby; as desire of battle, hope). — implere qm qa re (to fill, e. g. spe animoque). — tenere qm (to restrain, fetter one) : to be inspired with zeal for athg, cs rei studio teneri: to inspire aby with eagerness for battle, qm alacriorem ad pugnandum efficere (of a cir ■ cumstance, fyc. ; see Cces. B. G. 3, 24) : to be inspired with a desire of fighting, magna alacritas studiumque pugnandi magnum ci injectum est; to be inspired with fresh courage, accedit mini animus; alacriorem fieri (492) INS ($0" not animari, although in T. Germ. 29, 3, it is = ferociores reddi). INSPIRED, divino spiritu inflatus or tactus. mente incitatus (g. it.), fanaticus. furens. furibundus. lym- phatus (if the supposed inspiration is of a wild, fanatic character). To be i., spiritu divino tangi (L.); divino quodam spiritu inflari (C); divino in- stinctu concitari (C.*) ; ardore qo incitari atque inflam- mari (C): the predictions of i. bards, furibundae vatum praedictiones. || Inspired with athg, impletus qa re (filled with athg ; e. g. spe animoque). — incensus qa re (inflamed, kindled, e. g. amore, officio). INSPIRIT, animum ci addere or facere. qm or cs animum erigere. To feel inspirited, se or animum suum erigere: aby is inspirited by athg, qa re animus ci accedit (C.) or augetur (Cces.). INSTABILITY. See Unsteadiness. — j^° in- stabilitas is post- Aug., Plin. INSTABLE, instabilis (Class., but not C). See Un- steady. INSTALL, constituere qm in munere. — inaugurare (propr. viith solemnities performed by the augurs). — *sollemni more munus ci demandare. INSTALLATION, prps introYtus, with gen. of the office; in a priesthood, sacerdotii (Suet.). Crcl. with verbs in To Install. INSTALMENT, pensio (a payment). To pay by i.'s, certis pensionibus solvere pecuniam. — certis diebus solvere pecuniam : in three, in equal i.'s, tribus pen- sionibus ; aequis pensionibus: to pay down the first i. at once, primam pensionem praesentem numerare. INSTANCE, v. nominare. / instanced several per- sons to whom this had happened, *complures nominavi, quibus id accidisset, or (of a happy occurrence) con- tigisset (Muret.). INSTANCE, s. || Example, exemplum.— specimen. See Example. || For instance, exempli causa or gratia, ut exemplo utar (to take an i., when an exam- ple of the thing meant, whether it be historical or in- vented, is really quoted).— verbi causa, verbi gratia (ivhen a preceding expression is to be explained) — ut, (w9, when, in ref. to the preceding proposition, a single case is added, to explain what was said ; cf. Cces. B. C. 1, 2, in.). — velut. veluti. Animals wch are born on land, as for i., crocodiles, bestiae quae gignuntur in terra, veluti crocodili : even the gods waged wars, as for i., with the giants, dii quoque bella gesserunt, ut cum gigantibus. — Sts vel is used in this sense; raras tuas quidem sed suaves accipio literas ; vel (as for i. )quas proxime accepi, quam prudentes, &c. [Pract. Intr. ii. 542.] — in his (amongst these; when one or several per- sons are mentioned, as particular examples of a general statement). INSTANT, adj. || Earnest, vehement, vehe- mens. impensus (both of entreaties). ^Immediate, praesens (e.g. poena, C. ; mors, Flor.; auxilium, C). See Immediate. INSTANT, s. See Instantaneously. INSTANTANEOUS. See Immediate. INSTANTANEOUSLY, puncto or momento tem- poris. in vestigio temporis — e vestigio. See Immedi- ately. Acting i., praesens (of poison, medicine, #c). INSTANTLY, || Earnestly, vehemently, vehe- menter. impense. etiam atque etiam. Jn. vehementer etiam atque etiam (e. g. rogare, C. ggg^ never enixe ; and instanter is un-Class.). To beseech aby i., vehe- menter (impense, &c.) qm orare ; qm obsecrare atque obtestari; omnibus precibus qm petere or orare. || Im- mediately, vid. INSTATE, constituere. — inaugurare (of an instal- lation into office by the augurs). To i. aby in an office, qm constituere in munere: to i. aby in aby' s favour, apud qm qm in magna, (maxima) gratia ponere ; cs gratiam conciliare ci. INSTEAD OF, (1) Followed by a subst.; loco or in locum, with gen. (in the place of aby or athg,' the one being substituted for the other). — vice or in vicem, with gen, (one being changed for the other). — pro with abl. ( 'for,' implying a relation or proportion between the two things). To use saltpetre i. of salt, salis vice nitro uti : to send some cavalry i. of the legions, in vicem legionum equites mittere : I have been invited i. of him, in locum ejus invitatus sum: he had called them Quirites i. of soldiers, Quiiites eos pro niilitibus appel- laverat: to pay bad money i. of good, numos adul- terinos pro bonis solvere. (2) Before the partici- pial subst. ; a) quum possit or posset with inf. (when the thing not done is merely one that might be done or have been done ; e. g., i. of being led to execution, he was loaded with praise, quum posset ad mortem duci, omni. INS laude cumulatus est). — b) quum debeat or deberet (when the thing not done is what ought to be done, or to have been done ; quum deberet ad mortem duci, omni laude cumulatus est). — c) By ac non (e. g., as if they were deserted, i. of [as was really the case] having ieserted them [the Palcepolitnni], velut destituti, ac non quiipsi destituisseot). — d) tantum abest, ut ... ut [contra] {when the thing not done or notion rejected is wholly improbable, compared with the other fact or statement; often when the notions are opposed; e. g., i. of feeling any dislike to have a work published on the opposite side of the question, I really am most anxious to see such a one, tantum abest ut scribi contra nos nolimus, ut id etiam maxinie optemus : the fear of a foreign enemy, i. of putting an end to those civil broils, actually rendered the tribunes more violent, tantum ab- fuit, ut civilia certamina terror externus cohiberet, ut contra eo violentior potestas tribunicia esset, L. 6, 31). — e) Nearly so, non modo non .... sed etiam (not only not. ..but even); non ...sed (not ...but); adeonon(or nihiO .... ut (e. g., i. of restraining his anger, he openly asserted, <§•<;., adeonon tenuit iram, ut .... palamdiceret, L. 8, 5). — magis quam (rather than ; e. g., i. of terrifying it had enraged him, accenderat eum magis quam terrue- rat). — f ) with abl. absol. (e. g., i. of flying, omissa fuga). IXSTEP, *pes superior. INSTIGATE, instigare (Class, but rare: te insti- gante, C. ; Romanos in Hannibalem, L. ; in arma, Veil.). See To Excite ; To Incite. INSTIGATED, instigatus (spurred on by an external power, by words, commands, fyc). — instinctus (impelled by an internal and higher power, by inspiration, love, the voice of the gods). — impulsus (impelled; e.g. tuis promissis). See To Excite; To Incite. INSTIGATION, instigatio (Auct. Her., not C. or Cces). — impulsus. instinctus (abl. of the action ; Stk. in Instigate). By aby's «'., qo instigante (C. Pis. 11); qo impellente ; qo auctore or impulsore ; cs impulsu or auctoritate; cs instinctu (T. Hist. 1, 70): by the i. of others (or another), alieno impulsu. INSTIGATOR, concitator (the stirrer up ; belli, tumultus, seditionis). — impulsor (he who impels to an action). Jx. suasor et impulsor (e.g. profectionis meae). auctor et impulsor (e. g. sceleris illius). — stimulator (he who spurs aby on to an action). — instimulator (C. Horn. 5, 13). Jx. instimulator et concitator (e. g. se- ditionis, ib.). — instinctor. instigator (both T.). I. and abrtttr, impulsor atque adjutor. INSTILL, || Propr.) instillare.— [| Impropr.) instil- lare (doctrines, precepts, 8tc, H. Ep. 1, 8, 16 ; Sen. Benef. 6, 16, extr. ; and, undoubtedly, permissible in prose, since C. has quae [literae] mihi quiddam quasi animulae instillarunt; al. restillarunt : at all events it may be used as C. Sen. 11, verba, praecepta, fee, menti atque animo tamquam lumini oleum instillare), — im- buere qm qa. re. INSTINCT, natura. By £.. natura duce : to become, as it were, an i., quasi in naturam verti : animals have thei* particular i.'s, animalia babent suos impetus et rerum appetitus (C. Off. 2, 3, II). A natural »., con- ciliatio naturae (t e. what nature makes agreeable to us, leads us to desire, $c. ; C. Ac. 2, 42, extr.). The i. of self-preservation, ad omnem vitam tuendam appetitus (C). insita corporis nostri caritas (Sen.). Nature has implanted in all creatures the i. of self-preservation, omnibus animalibus sui censervandi custodiam natura ingeuuit (aft. C. N.D. 2, 48, extr.); generi animantium omni est a natura tributum, ut se, corpus vitamque tueamr, declinetque ea, quae nocitura videantur (C). INSTINCTIVE, *quod fit conciliatiorse naturae: these are i. feelings, ea sunt communibus infixa sensi- bus. An i. principle, appetitus a natura datus. animi appetitus (C. 5 Fin. 9, init.): the i. principles of our nature, naturae voluntas. Athg is an i. feeling, qd ci natura ingenuit, or qd ci est a natura tributum; in- situm est ci qd (Sen.): an i. notion, quasi naturalis quaedam atque insita in animis nostris (or in animo cs) notio. INSTINCTIVELY, duce natura sua (e.g. facere qd). See Instinct, Instinctive. INSTITUTE, v. || Establish (laws, rules, 8(c), instituere (e.g. magistratum, ferias, sacrosludos). ||Jn- struct (in athg), instituere (absol. or ad qd or ad [qd] faciendum). Jx. instituere atque erudire. See Ix- struct, Teach. \\To set on foot. To i. an in- quiry, quaestionem de qa re instituere (e. g. de morte cs, C); quaestionem de qa re constituere (e. g. de furto, C). To i. a suit, actionem instituere (C. Mur. 9); agsl aby, actionem or litem ci intendere. See To Accuse, 'to bring an Action.' || To invest with the t 493) INS care of souls, *beneficio ci sacerdotem instituere (c/. qm tutorem instituere filiorum orbitati, C. Or. 1, 53). INSTITUTE, s. || Book of elements or prin- ciples, praecepta institutaque (e. g. pbilosophiae, C). — ars cs rei or qd faciendi conscripta (e. g. sacrificandi. L. 25, 2). INSTITUTION, I Act of enacting or esta- blishing, institutio. constitutio. descriptio [Sxx. in Fouxd, Establish]. \\ Thing founded or pre- scribed by authority, institutum. — lex (law). I.'s, instituta (e. g. patriae) : laws and i.'s, leges et instituta. These are admirable i.'s, haec optime in- stituta or instructa sunt. An institution = ' a so- ciety,' vid. || Education, instruction, vid. INSTITUTOR. See Founder. INSTRUCT, || To teach, 8>c, erudire. formare [denote education as an ideal good, and as a part of human improvement ; erudire, generally, and as far as it frees from ignorance ; formare, specially, and as far it prepares aby in a particular sphere, and for a par- ticular purpose, and gives the mind a bent thereto).— instituere (denotes education as a tangible good, in order to qualify for a particular employment). j§*jf instruere = 'to furnish with what is necessary,' must be used carefully : artes, &c, quibus instruimur ad usum forensem, &c, C. : Petron. has instr. juvenes praeceptis ; Q., qm scientia cs rei. || To give direc- tions to an agent, %c, mandare ci (with ut, ne r &c, or rei. clause). — qm edocere, quae agat. See 'to give instructions.' INSTRUCTION, \\ Teaching, institutio. — disci- plina. J-ggT instructio un- Class. To remain under i. for twenty years, in disciplina viginti annos manere (Cces.). WBirection, command, praeceptum (as direction). — mandatum (as charge, %c). A secret i. y praeceptum arcanum or occultum. / have received i.'s to |-c, mihi mandatum est, ut &c. : to give aby's i.'s, ci mandata dare; qm edocere, quae agat; ci negotium dare, ut &c. ; ci praecipere, ut &c. To act according to one's i.'s, praecepta cs sequi (t V.): to follow one's i.'s to the letter, omnia ad praeceptum agere (Cces., ex- plaining the different duties of a ' legatus' and a com- mander-in-chief) : to receive i.'s fin aby, mandata acci- pere a qo : give him exact i.'s about all that you wish me to do or get done for you, omnibus ei de rebus, quas agi, quas curari a me voles, mandata des velim : to give aby i.'s as to what he should Src, ci mandare, quae ilium (agere, &c.) velis. INSTRUCTIVE, utilis (profitable), or Crcl. qui (quae, quod) qd docet (e. g. virtutem, Q..). I. books for children, libri, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem (ad virtutem, &c.) informatur or informari solet (aft. C. Arch. 3, 4). To others practice will be found more i. than precept, alii, quod fortasse praeceptis non credunt, usu docebuntur (Q. 3, S, 70). To give an i. turn to the conversation, *sermonem ad ea, quae sunt frugi, de- flectere. INSTRUCTOR. See Teacher, Tutor. INSTRUMENT, || Tool, $c, instrumentum.— or- ganum (opyavov : esp/y one that contains works or some artificial construction ; hence the best expression for a musical i., cf. Sen. Ep. 87, 11). — macbina (ma- chine for facilitating the movement or management of athg). Astronomical i.'s, * supellex sideribus obser- vandis: surgical i.'s, ferramenta chirurgorum : stringed (musical) i.'s, fides: a wind »"., cornu (horn). — tibiae (double-flute).— tuba (trumpet). Instrument-maker, in- strumentorum opifex. — artifex, qui organa fabricat. || Written or printed document, literae. tabulae. — instrumentum (document, fyc, litis, Q. ; emtionis, Sccev. Dig. 24, 1, 5S). To draw up an i., Uteris qd consignare. INSTRUMENTAL. To be i. to aby in athg, ad- jtivare qm or adjutorem (fern, adjutrfcem) esse ci in qa re. commodare ci operam suam ad qd (of persons). adjttvare (also of things), vim habere ad qd. valere ad qd. prodesse or adjuvare ad qd. (to contribute ; of things): to be very i., magnum momentum afferre (of thiggs). Aby was i. to me in athg, cs opera qd effeci (/ accom- plished it by his aid) ; ministerio cs qd factum est (he being the agent by whom it was actually done); *hac in re usus sum ejus opera ; * eum hac in re adjutorem habui ; * ejus opera consecutus sum, quod optabam. To be i. to aby in the execution of his plans, *inservire cs consiliis perficiendis. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC, cantus tibiarum ner- vorumque or nervorum et tibiarum (C. N. D. 2, 58, 146; Rose. Am. 4G, 134).— sympbonia (ovfMpwvia, the orchestra, Sen. Ep. 12, 8).— I. and vocal music, chor- INS darum sonitus el vocis cantus ; vocum nervorumque cautus. INSUBORDINATE, imperium detrectans (of sol- diers, subjects, $c.). — contiimax. INSUBORDINATE LY, contra morem obsequii. contra fas discipline (both T. Ann. 1, 19, 2). INSUBORDINATION, disciplina nulla. — immo- destia (Np.). — intemperantia nimiaque licentia {Np.). To be guilty ofi., dicto audientem imperatori suo non esse (Np.). I. was promoted by athg, qa re modestia exercitus corrupta (T. Hist. 1, 60). He charged him with promoting sedition and i., seditionem ei et con- fusum ordinem disciplines objectabat (ib.). INSUFFERABLE. See Intolerable, Unbear- able. INSUFFERABLY. See Intolerably, Unbear- ably. INSUFFICIENCY, sts inopia (want; e. g. of pro- visions, frumenti or frumentaria). — angustias (scanty supply : of provisions, rei frumentariae ; of pay, sti- pends, T.). — imbecillitas et inopia. imbecillitas et egestas (i. of an individual to supply his own wants; e. g. propter imbecillitatem atque inopiam desiderata sit amicitia, C. ; amicitia ex imbecillitate atque eges- tate nata, C). Or Crcl. with non sufficere or suffi- cientem esse; non idoneum esse (of authority, evi- dence, &c); ad probandum infirmum (et nugatorium) esse (of proofs). — To feel one's own weakness and i., minimum in se esse arbitrari. INSUFFICIENT, non sufficiens (not sufficients- won satis idoneus (not quite to the purpose, inadequate ; e. g. witness, testimony or evidence). To be i. by its -If, per se minus valere. INSUFFICIENTLY, non satis.— minus {less than could be wished; e.g. intelligere qd). — parum (too little). To be i. provided with athg, anguste qa re uti. INSULAR, insulanus (= the inhabitant of an island). Crcl. From our i. position, * eo ipso, quod insulam in- colimus ; * eo ipso, quod insulani sumus. An i. people, insulani ; insula? incolae. INSULT, s. contumelia (a wrong done to one's honour). offensio (a state of mortified feeling ; but also the act that causes it). — injuria (an i. felt to be a wrong). — op- probrium (i. conveyed by reproachful words). To look upon athg as an i., qd in or ad contumeliam accipere ; ignominiae loco ferre qd ; ignominiae or probro habere qd. To put an i. upon aby, contumeliam ci imponere; qm ignominia afficere ; ignominiam ci imponere or in- jungere: to have an i. put upon one, ignominia affici; contumelia affici. INSULT, v. contumeliam ci imponere. qm contu- melia insequi. — contumeliis insectari. maledictis vexare (to i. with insolent words). — sugillare (i. scorn- fully, contemptuously). — offendere qm (to i., displease, whether intentionally or not).— qm ignominia afficere. ig- nominiam ci imponere, injungere (of gross insults, caus- ing public disgrace). To be insulted, ignominia or contu- melia affici ; offendi (to feel insulted). To i. with words, verbis or voce vulnerare, violare. contumeliam ci di- cere : to feel insulted, injuriam sibi factam putare ; at athg, qd in or ad contumeliam accipere; *qa re se laesum or violatum putare. INSULTINGLY, contumeliose. — per ludibrium (mockingly). — ferociter (e. g. dicere qd, with fierce de- fiance). INSUPERABLE, insuperabilis. inexsuperabilis (propr.). — quod superari non potest (propr. and im- propr.). INSUPPORTABLE. See Intolerable, Unbear- able. INSUPPORTABLY. See Intolerably, Unbear- ably. INSURANCE. * cautio de qa re. * fides de damno pensando interposita. INSURE, * rei ci cautionem adhibere (of the person who i.'s his property). — damnum praestare (to take the loss on oneself). — cavere de re (to be security, fyc. ; of him who i.'s another's property). Their ships are in- sured, publicum periculum est a vi ternpestatis (L. 25, 3, 10): hence, houses, fyc, are insured, "publicum periculum est ab incendio. INSURGENT, rebellans {implying a previous war and subjugation). — imperium cs detrectans (refusing to obey a sovereign). INSURRECTION, seditio. — motus (disturbance). — rebellio. rebellium. rebellatio (implying a previous war and subjugation). — defectio (a qo, the falling away fm aby). — tumultus (the Roman name for a sudden outbreak, of their slaves, or the Gallic tribes, the pea- santry, fyc). Jn. (repentlnus) tumultus ac defectio (494) INT (Cats. B. G. 5, 2(5, 1).— vis repentina (a sudden outbreak). To persuade aby to take part in an i., qm in societatem defectionis impellere. To excite ani., or people to an i., seditionem, tumultum facere, concitare; seditionem commovere, concire : to be instrumental in making an i. general, ignem et materiam seditioni subdere : to put down an i., seditionem sedare, lenire, tranquillam fa- cere, comprimere, exstinguere: an i. breaks out, seditio oritur, concitatur, exardescit : an i. breaks out afresh, seditio recrudescit ; seems likely to be put down, seditio languescit: it seems likely that an i. will break out among the Boii, Boiorum gens ad rebellionem spectare videtur (L.). An i. of slaves, servllis tumultus (Cces.). INSUSCEPTIBILITY, ingenium hebes ad qd.— lentitudo. lentus animus (i. of any impression). Sts torpor, socordia. animus durus [Stn. in Apathy]. /. of pain, indolentia. INSUSCEPTIBLE, of athg, Crcl., qd non sentire. — qd non accipere or suscipere. non tangi qa re.— 1| Ab- sol.) lentus. torpidus. durus (sluggish, fyc). Vid. In- sensible. INTAGLIO, prps gemma intus eminens (aft. Sen. Ben. 3, 26, 1). INTEGER, * numerus integer (opp. * numerus frac- tus, fraction). INTEGRAL. An i. part of athg, *necessaria pars cs rei. INTEGRITY, || Impropr.) Moral integrity, integritas, innocentia [Syn. in Innocence].— sanctitas (sanctity, holiness).— integritas or sanctitas vitae (irre- proachable and holy life). Jn. integritas atque inno- centia. — sanctimonia (with re.f. to thought). INTEGUMENT, tegumentum. tegmentum (propr. and fig. ' covering,' palpebrae tegmenta oculorum). — in- tegumentum (propr. ; rare, L. ; fig. C.).— cutis (skin, as i. of the bones).— tunica, gluma (of corn).— folliculus (of corn, legumes, grapes). INTELLECT, intelligentia. intelligendi vis. intelli- gendi prudentia (the power of understanding. @§p" intellectus, post-Aug.).— ingenium (the mental powers). — mens (the mind, as endued with intellectual powers; then the power of thought or combination itself: 6 vovi). Acuteness of i., ingenii acumen or acies : also acumen only. — perspicacitas. prudentia perspicax (penetrating insight into the nature of a thing). — in- genium acre. — subtilitas (the acuteness that easily discerns the differences of things). — sagacitas (the acute- ness that traces out what is concealed). To be a person of acute i., acuti ingenii esse; acriingenio esse; acriter intelligere : to sharpen the i. (of things), ingenii acu- mini inservire mentem, or intelligendi prudentiam or ingenium acuere : to have an acute i., natura acutum esse : to cultivate the i., animum mentemque excolere. INTELLECTIVE. || To be perceived by the. understanding, not by the senses (Milton), quod neque oculis, neque auribus, neque ullo sensu percipi potest, cogitatione tantum et mente complectimur. || Intelligent, vid. INTELLECTUAL, Crcl. by gen. animi or cogita- tionis, fyc. I. activity, animi or cogitationis motus. mentis agitatio or motus. The i. faculties, hominis sollertia (cf. C. N. D. 2, 6, 18); animus ingeniumque ; animus mensque. INTELLIGENCE, intelligentia. intelligendi vis or prudentia. See Intellect. \\N ews, information, vid. INTELLIGENT, mente praeditus (endowed with reason). — intelligens. sapiens, prudens [Syn. in Wise]. To be very i., acuti ingenii esse; acri ingenio esse; acriter intelligere. INTELLIGIBILITY, perspicuitas (clearness). Crcl. with intelligi posse. For the greater i. of the subject, quo res magis pateat. INTELLIGIBLE, facilis ad intelligendum (easy to understand. |§g|F° intelligibilis belongs to the post- Cic. philosophical style). — comprehensibilis. quod in intelli- gentiam nostram cadit. quod intelligentia nostra capit. quod intelligere et ratione comprehendere possumus (what our mental faculties can comprehend, opp. quod fugit intelligentiae nostra? vim et notionem ; quod nullius mens aut cogitatio capere potest). — facilis in- tellectu or ad intelligendum. accommodatus ad )n- telligentiam. expeditus. cognitu perfacilis (what may easily be comprehended). Sts perspicuus, apertus, clarus, &c. To be i., cognosci ac percipi posse : athg is not i., qd in sensum et in mentem intrare non potest. Generally i., ad commune judicium popularemque in- telligentiam accommodatus (and adverbially accom- modate).; ad vulgarem popularemque sensum accom- modatus. INT INTELLIGIBLY, plane, perspicue. aperte. — ad commune judicium popularemque intelligentiam ac- commodate. That we may express ourselves i., ut ea, quae dicamus, intelligantur. To speak i., plane et articulate loqui {with ref. to utterance), perspicue or plane et aperte dicere ; plane et dilucide loqui {clearly andi.): that we may express ourselves i., ut ea, quae dicamus, intelligantur. INTEMPERANCE, intemperantia. incontinentia (Stn. in Moderate). — intemperantia vini {with ref. to drinking, L. 44, 30). 7. in eating and drinking, pro- funda et intempestlva gula {habitual) : to brutalize oneself by gross i., immoderato potu atque pastu ani- mum obstupefacere (C. 1 Divin. 29, 60). To increase his natural violence of temper by habits of i., violentiam insitam ingenio intemperantia vini accendere (L. 44, SO): to be guilty of i., largiore vino uti {on a particular occasion) ; immoderate et intemperate vivere {to live a life of i. and excess, C. Univ. 12). INTEMPERATE, intemperans. incontinens [Syn. in Moderate]. (C. uses intemperans = without due control over one's temper, 8fc. ; also intemperans in qa re; e. g. in cs rei cupiditate.) — avidus et intemperans {e. g. animus, L., unrestrained, eager for the accom- plishment of its desires). — immoderatus {not kept within proper bounds; of persons or things). A very i. person, homo profundae atque intempestivae gula» : to assail aby with i. abuses, intemperantius invehi in qm: i. in language, immodicus linguae (L. immod., not C. or Cees.); intemperans linguae (T.). See Immoderate and {for ' i. zeal,' $c.) Excessive. INTEMPERATELY, intemperanter. — intemperate. — incontinenter {propr. Cels. capere cibum ; impropr. C.).— libidinose {lustfully). See Immoderately. To attack aby i., intemperantius in qm invehi: to live i., immoderate atque intemperate vivere (C). INTEND, || Strain, distend (vid.), intendere {opp. remittere). || Mean, purpose, spectare qd, ad qd or with ut {to have an object in view).— propositum habeo or propositum est mihi, qd or with infin. (to purpose; to have resolved; to have athg before one's mind, as a thing to be done). — cogitare qd or with inf. (to think of athg, of doing athg). — destinare (rare, but Class. ; infectis iis, quae agere destinaverat, Cccs.). — agitare, with or without (in) mente, (in) animo (to be revolving in one's mind).— statuisse or constituisse (to have determined ; to do athg). — id agere, ut (to be taking steps to accomplish). — sts moliri. parare (to be pre- paring), ggg^ intendere must be used very carefully ; but there are some constructions in wch it may be used for our ' intend,' i. e. where the notion is ' to bend the mind in any direction,' animum qo intendere, or to bend, as it were, one's bow at = ' aim at.' I see clearly what he hopes, and what he i.'s, quid iste speret, et quo animum intendat, perspicio (i. e. to what point he is bending his mind, straining his faculties) : you must ex- plain this before you proceed to what you inform us that you i. to say, quod est tibi ante explicandum, quam illuc proficiscare, quo te dicis intendere (C, i. e. at wch you say that you are aiming). Quod ubi secus procedit, neque, quod intenderat, efficire potest (S., he cannot even accomplish what he intended, i. e. aimed at accomplishing). Si Antonius, quod animo inten- derat, emcere potuisset (C, had been able to effect ichat he intended; i. e. had aimed at in his mind). — What was intended by all this, but fyc, quonam haec omnia ... pertinerent (e. g. nisi ad suam perniciem). What is intended by this speech ? quid sibi vult haec oratio ? quid sibi volunt verba ista? To i. aby or athg for athg, destinare qm or qd ad qd or ci rei (in this sense it seems to be post-Aug.). To i. aby for the bar, desti- nare qm foro (Q..). Nature intended aby for #c, qs natus est ad qd. INTEND ANT. See Superintendent. INTENSE. See Excessive. I. desire, cupiditas magna, acris, ardens, flagrans : i. thought, acerrima atque attentissima cogitatio : by the most i. exertions. intentissima cura (Q.) : the cold is never i. in that country, asperitas frigorum abest : it was the middle of winter, and the cold was i., erat hiems summa, tem- pestas perfrigida. INTENSELY, valde. graviter. acriter. contente. To love i., perdite or misere amare : to desire athg i., cup'ere qd ardenter ; cs rei desiderio flagrare, excruciari : to dislike athg i., qd vehementer displicet: to hate aby *., odisse qm acerbe et penitus : more «'., ardentiore studio (e. g. petere qd). INTENSENESS, vis (intensive strength; for wch Pliny is the first who uses vehementia). — gravitas (the heavy, oppressive weight; e.g. niorbi). — asperitas (495) INT (severity; e. g. frigbrum, T.). — rigor (e.g. frigoris).— saevitia (e. g. frigbrum, hiemisj. The i. of the cold, intolerabilis vis frigoris. ^^° intentio = 'strained or stretched state,' can only bb used with cogitationum, &c. for ' intenseness of mental application;' so con- tentio animi (both opp. relaxatio) : the i. of the storm, vis tempestatis. INTENSITY. See Intenseness. INTENSIVE. J. particles, intentiva adverbia (Prise. 15, 1022). INTENT, adj. intentus (ok the stretch; upon athg, or upon doing athg, ad qd [mentes ad pugnam intentae, Cces.] ; ad qd faciendum [intentus animus tuus ad fortissimum virum liberandum, C] ; sts abl. [qo ne- gotio intentus, S.] ; seld. in with abl. [in ea re omnium nostrorum intentis animis, Cccs. B. G. 3, 22 ; intentus in eventu alieni consilii, L. 6, 23] ; also with adv. of motion [omnium eo curae sunt intentae, £.]• — attentus (upon athg, ad qd; ad decoris conservationem, C; on making money, ad rem, Ter.). — deditus (quite given up to; e. g. ubi spectaculi tempus venit, deditaeque eo mentes cum oculis erant, L. 1, 9). To be i. upon athg, intendere animum ci rei or ad qd, or in qd (the last often in L.). INTENT, s. || Design, purpose, vid. To all i.'s and purposes, omnino (altogether, quite) ; ab omni parte ; omni ex parte ; in omni genere ; in omnibus rebus (in every respect). If used = ' virtually,' see ' as Good as' or Virtually. To the i. that, ut, or eo consilio, ut (with subj.) ; hac mente or hoc animo, ut ; idcirco, ut ; ita, ut ; eo, ut, &c. INTENTION, propositum. consilium, mens, ani- mus. The i. (of a testator, lawgiver, %c), voluntas (opp. to the words themselves, verba, &c). To judge of actions by the i. of the agent, dirigere facta ad con- silium (Veil.). See Design, Purpose. INTENTIONAL, cogitatus (premeditated, facinus, parricidium, Suet.), or Crcl. quod consulto et cogitatum fit. An i. injury, injuria, quae consulto et cogitata fit. An i. crime, §c, crimen voluntatis (opp. crimen necessitatis, C. Lig. 2, 5). INTENTIONALLY, consulto. cogitate (after think- ing the matter over). — voluntate (fm a decision of the will, opp. casu). Jn. voluntate et judicio. — data or dedita opera, de or (L.) ex industria (by exerting one- self to bring it about). To do athg i., consulto et cogita- tum facere qd. Not i., see Unintentionally. INTENTLY, attente. intente (L. and post-Aug.).— animo intento. intento studio. To fix one's thoughts i. upon athg, defigere animos atque intendere in qd (C). Minds fixed i. upon athg, mentes ad qd intentae. See Intent. INTENTNESS, (animi) intentio (C). INTER, humare. humo tegere. INTERCALARY, intercaJarius. intercalaris (e. g. mensis, dies, C, L.). INTERCALATE, intercalare (mly used in the pass, and impersonal ; ne intercaletur ; intercalatum est, &c). — interjicere (e. g., he intercalated two months between November and December, interjecit inter Novembrem et Decembrem duos menses alios). INTERCALATION, intercalatio (Plin., Macrob.). INTERCEDE, || Intervene, vid. || To make intercession for, see Intercession. To send aby to i. for him, qm deprecatorem sui mittere. INTERCEDER. See Intercessor. INTERCEPT, intercipere (e. g., letters, convoys, men, literas, commeatus, qm). — qm a suis intercipere et secludere (L.). — excipere (to get before, and so meet and cut off, multos ex fuga; also as t.t. in hunting, aprum, feras ; the current of a river, vim fluminis). — deprehendere (to catch on his road, in its progress ; e.g. tabellarios, literas, naves). — reprimere (check, fugam hostium, redundantem lacum). To i. the light, offi- cere luminibus (by building before aby's windows) : to i. the sun, officere ci apricanti (i. e., fm a person ivishing to bask in it). INTERCEPTION, interceptio (C). INTERCESSION, deprecatio (g. t. for the attempt to remove a threatening evil by one's prayers). To obtain pardon through aby's »'., qo deprecatore veniam impetrare : to make i. for aby, rogare pro qo ; depre- cari pro qo ( IggT intercedere pro qo = ' to become security for him'); on account of athg, ci adesse ad qd deprecandum ; with aby, deprecari qm pro qo ; depre- catorem ci adesse apudqm; ci supplicare pro qo (the last, of a humble petition as a suppliant). J§5^° -^ ' intercessio = the ' veto' of tribunes, $c. INTERCESSOR, deprecator (fern, deprecatrix); for aby, cs or pro cs periculo (C); for athg, cs rei (e.g. INT salutis meae, C). Jn. deprecator defensorque (Z.). f&t^T not intercessor. To be an i, on aby's behalf, see 4 co make Intercession for.' INTERCHANGE, v. permutare (e. g. nomina inter vos permutastis, Plaui. Capt. 3, 5, 19). — commutare (e. g. inter se commutant vestem et nomina; commu- tare non tria verba inter vos : both, athg with aby, qd cum qo; one thing with another, qd cum qa re; also perm, rem re, and [Ulp.] rem pro re). To i. their pri- soners, commurare captivos. See Exchange. INTERCHANGE, s. commutatio. — permutatio(es/% barter). — vicissitudo (the giving and receiving in turn). An i. of kind offices, vicissitudo studiorum officiorum- que (C. Lai. 14, 49). The regular i. of night and day, vicissitudines dierum noctiumque. An i. of one slate with another, ex alio in aliud vicissitudo et mutatio (e. g., of life with death). INTERCHANGEABLE, commutabilis (changeable). Crcl. with commutari or permutari (cum qa re) posse. INTERCHANGEABLY. See Alternately, Re- ciprocally. INTERCOURSE, conversatio (of social i., Fell., Q. ; not C). — usus (frequent i., implying that one avails oneself of the services, fyc. of the other). — consuetudo (habitual i. with aby, to wch one has been accustomed ; also the i. of persons in love with each other). — con- victus (i. of persons who live much together). Confi- dential or friendly i., usus familiaris; familiaritas ; usus amicitiae : to have i. with aby, est mini consue- tudo cum qo : much i., qo multum uti : to avoid all i. with aby, cs aditum, sermonem, congressum fugere (together) ; aditum cs sermonemque dei'ugere : to avoid all i. with mankind, congressus hominum fugere ; fugere colloquia et ccetus hominum : to break off i., consuetudinem omittere. INTERDICT, v. See Forbear, Prohibit. INTERDICT, s. interdictum (g. t.).—\\E cclesias- iica I ban, see Ban. INTEREST, v. 1) || Attract, fyc, jucundum esse, delectare. capere (to take one's fancy). — rapere (to carry one away captive, as it were ; fill one with asto- nishment). To i. aby, ci placere; qm delectare or delectatione allicere (to please, amuse, $c). — qm tenere (to arrest one's attention, fyc; e.g. audientium animos novitate). 2) || To be interested in athg, or athg inter- ests (— concerns) me, qd mea interest; with substt. the person stands in the gen. — qd ad me pertinet. It i.'s me less (than), or but little, minor mea res agitur. See To Concern. 3) || To interest oneself for or about a thg, qd ad me pertinere puto ; qd mihi cura? or cordi est ( f§§=p not curse cordique, athg is an object I have at heart). — foveo qd (I favour, cherish, endeavour to pro- mote it, fyc. ; e. g. artes). — incumbere ci rei, in qd, or ad qd (to apply oneself vigorously to any pursuit, fyc). — de qo laborare (to be anxious about aby ; e. g. vel ex hoc ipso, quod tarn vehementer de Milone laborem, C). To i. oneself for aby, cupio cs causa (see C. Fam. 13, 64, 1. Rose. Am. 51, 149); ci studeo ; cs sum studiosus. ci faveo (I favour him, fyc). — ci tribuo (give him active support; cf. Cortte ad C. Fam. 13, 9, 2). To induce aby to i. himself in one's service or cause, qm ad studium sui perducere ; allicere atque excitare cs studium ad utilitates nostras. INTEREST, s. A) \\ Participation (propr. or fig.) in the advantage or value of athg, stu- dium (the i. taken in athg). I have an i. in athg, mea qd interest ; ad me qd pertinet : / take an i. in athg, non alienum qd a me puto : I have less i. in it than tyc, minor mea res agitur : since he had no longer any i. in it, quum ejus jam nihil interesset. To be brought to take an i. in athg, affici qa re (cf. Q. 2, 1, 16 ; we are brought to take an i. in their danger, eorum periculo afficimur). \\ Attractiveness, fyc, voluptas. — ju- cunditas (pleasantness). — oblectatio. oblectamentum (amusement). To be of i. to aby, jucundum esse : to have but little i. for aby, mediocriter qm retinere : to give an i. to any thing, voluptatem dare ci rei (Q. 10, 5, 11). || Advantage, profit, res or rationes or causa cs (his affairs generally).— commSdum (his ad- vantage, #c.).— utilitas (profit, fyc. ; also what is expe- dient, opp. what is right). — emolumentum (dxpeKnua, opp. detrimentum, ' gain falling to one's share without any exertion of one's own;' Dod.). The public i., res or causa communis ; communis omnium utilitas : athg is my i., qd est e re mea: to consider that one shall advance one's own i.'s by fyc, rebus suis se consul- turum sperare : what you believe to be for my »'., quae mihi intelligis esse accommodata : so my i.'s require it, (496) INT rationes meae ita ferunt: my i. requires it, expedit mihi; meis rationibus conducit : a city in wch the i.'s of one are the i.'s of all, respublica, in qua idem conducit omnibus : men have different i.'s, aliis aliud expedit : to attach oneself to aby's i.'s, ad cs rationes se adjun- gere : to defend aby's i.'s, cs causam defendere : to co7i- sult, forward, fyc, aby's i.'s, cs rationibus consulere or prospicere, or prospicere et consulere; cs commodis ser- vire or non deesse ; also consulere ci only ; he is devoted to your i.'s, est tui amantissimus : to neglect aby's i.'s, cs commoda negligere. To look to (have an eye to %c.) one's private i.'s, servire suo privato commodo : to act in every thing with an eye to one's private i.'s, omnia metiri emolumentis et commodis; omnia ad utilitatem referre ; omnia pecuniae causa facere : to undertake athg agst one's own i., contra suum commodum qd suscipere : not to be led to the commission of an unjust act by any considerations of private i., nullo emolu- mento in fraudem impelli (C): to prefer one's own i.'s to the good of another, suas rationes cs saluti ante- ponere : to sacrifice one's private i.'s to the public good, reipublicae commoda privatis necessitatibus habere po- tiora : not to divide the i.'s of the citizens, civium com- moda non divellere : to excite a zeal for one's i.'s in aby, allicere atque excitare cs studium ad utilitates nostras. B) || Interest on money, Propr.) usura, or pi. usuree (what is paid for the use of a borrowed sum; hence 'interest,' with ref. to the borrower who pays). — fenus (the profit on a sum lent; hence 'in- terest,' with ref. to the lender who receives or is to receive it). — impendium ( = usura quod in sorte acce- dit; Varr. L. L. 5, 36, 50, § 183: all three also fig.). I. upon i., anatocismus (uvaroKtapot, C. Alt 5, 21, 11 and 12).— usurae usurarum (Cod. Just. 4, 32, 28): five per cent, (monthly i.), centesimae quinae : one-half per cent, (monthly) i. = six per cent, (annually), semisses usurae: 12 per cent., centesimae usurae ( = 1 per cent, per month) : 12 per cent, compound i., centesimae reno- vato in singulos annos fenore (C. Alt. 6, 3, 5) ; or cen- tesimse renovatae quotannis ; or centesimae actae cum renovatione singulorum annorum (Att. 6, 1, 5): 12 per cent, at simple i., centesimae perpetuo fenore or c-n- tesimae perpetuae. g^gT The Roman interest being monthly, must be multiplied by 12 to turn it into our method of calculating i.; the asses usurae or centesimae usurae being 1 per cent, monthly = 12 per cent, per annum ; lower rates will be expressed by the divisions of the as; thus, 11 percent., deunces usurae; 10, dex- tantes usurae ; 9, dodrantes usurae; 8, besses usurae; 7, septantes usurae ; 6, semisses usurae ; 5, quincunces usurae; 4, trientes usurae; 3, quadrantes usurae: 2, sextantes usurae ; 1, unciae usmae; and Iggp' for these other forms occur; e. g. fenus ex ... (e.g. fenus ex triente, 4 per cent.); or fenus with adj. (fenus unciarium, 1 per cent.); or the sing, or pi. of these substt., factum erat bessibus (8 per cent.); utnumi, quos liic quincunce modesto (5 per cent.) nutrieras, pergant avidos sudare deunces (11 percent., Pers.). Georges recommends the retention of the Roman forms, adding in singulos annos, to show that if is not due every month, but every year: it is better, however, to reduce the yearly to the monthly value, as above. To put out money at i., pecu- niam dare fenori or fenore; ponere in fenore numos (H.) : to lend money to aby at i., pecuniam ci dare, pecuniam apud qm occupare, with or without fenore : to lend money at a high rate of i., pecuniam grandi fenore occupare : money on wch i. is paid, pecunia fenebris : money on wch no i. is paid, pecunia gratutta (if lent) ; pecunia otiosa (wch is not lent, and so brings no i. to the possessor) : lending money upon i., feneratio: to offer aby money for wch he is not to pay any i., pecuniam ci gratuitam proponere: to borrow money upon i., pecuniam sumere or accipere fenore : to bor- row money at a low rate of i., and lend it at a high one, pecunias levioribus usuris mutuari et graviori fenore collocare : to lend aby money, and take no i. for it, pecuniam sine fenore ci credere or expensum ferre: to refuse to pay either principal or i., fenus (here = capital) atque impendium recusare(Z.): to receive i.fm aby, usuram a qo accipere: to pay i., usuram pendere or solvere; to aby, ci fenus dare : to pay doicn the i. in hard money, pecuniam usuris pernumerare : to pay the capital without i., pecunias creditas sine usuris solvere : the i. mounts up, usurae multiplicantur : the i. exceeds the capital, mergunt usurae sortem : the rate of i. falls, fenus deminuitur ; rises, *fenus augetur : the profits of an estate are hardly sufficient to pay the i. with, fructus praediorum certant cum usuris : the i. is added to the capital, sors fit ex usura : to add the i. to the capitat, INT usuram perscribere {cf. Brem. Suet. Cces. 42) : a High, a moderately high, a shamefully high rate ofi., grande, tolerabile, iniquissimum fenas : to be ruined by the amount of i. one has to pay, fenore trucidari; impendiis debilitari (C. Rep. 2, 30). || Impropr.) usura. fenus. impendium. The earth always repays with i. what- ever it has received, terra numquam sine usura reddit quod accepit (cf. ager reddit semina magno fenore, Tib.): to repay a benefit with i., beneficium cum usuris reddere; a favour with i., debituni ci cumulate reddere: to repay athg with i., (etiam) cum impendiis augere qd (e. g. largitatem tui muneris, C.) ; majore mensura reddere qd (C). INTERFERE, se immiscere. se inserere ci rei {to thrust oneself into it). — se admiscere ci rei. se inter- ponere ci rei or in qd. — auctoritatem suam interponere or inserere ci rei {to interpose one's authority).— inter- esse ci rei {to take part in it, negotiis, &c. ; not, of course, implying improper interference). — officere or officere et obstare ci rei {to i. with its execution; e. g. consiliis cs ; meis commodis). Not to i. in athg, abesse or se abstinere a qa re : to i. in athg agst aby's will, qo invito aspirare or accedere ad qd {e. g. ad meara pecuniam, C. 2 Verr. 1, 54, 142) : don't you i., ne te admisce : if you will, do as you like; I shall not i., si quod voles, facies ; nihil interpono : do it and welcome, I shall not i., per me licet (e. g. per me vel stertas licet, you may snore if you will; I shall not i. with you). To i. with what does not belong to one, alienae rei se immiscere {Pompon, de verb. sign. 36), or aliena negotia curare (H., to mind other people's business). To i. to prevent athg, se interponere quo- minus &c. — interpellare with quominus (respublica a meadministrari possit, Brut.), or ne (senatusconsultum fieret, L.), or quin (quibus vellem, uterer, Mal.ap. C). gigf To i. to prevent athg, is, intercedere ci rei, in post- Aug. writers ; wch in C. fyc. is confined to the inter- position of the tribunes' veto, fyc. \\ Intrans.) To clash, via. INTERFERENCE, interpellate {i. to stop a dis- course). — intercessio {the i. of the tribunes to stop any public proceedings by their veto; in later writers more general in its meaning). In other cases, Crcl. with the verbs in Interfere ; e. g., it will be the wiser course to abstain fm all i. with this matter, sapientius facies, si te in istam rem non interpones {e. g. in istam pacirica- tionem, C). To appeal to the tribunes for their i., appellare tribunos. ^^' interpositio has not this mean- ing. See Diet. INTERIM. See 'in the Mean time.' INTERIOR, adj. See Inner. INTERIOR, s. pars interior, partes interiores. in- teriora, um, adj. The i. of a country, interior regio ; interiora, um ; terra interior; e.g. the i. of Africa, Africa interior. [See Heart, A. Impropr.)] INTERJECTION, interjectio (Gramm..). INTERLARD, || Propr.) illardare {Apic). \\ Im- propr.) intermiscere (qd ci rei, L., Col.; not C. or Cces.). To i. a speech with Greek words, Graeca verba inculcare (C). INTERLEAVE, *libri quibusque paginis interjicere singulas cbartas puras. INTERLINE, interscribere {Plin. Ep. 7, 9).— super- scribes {to write above another word or line; e. g. Suet. Ner. , r >2). INTERLINEAR, interscriptus {written between).— superscripts {written above). INTERLINEATION, superscriptum {neut.partcp.). — *interscriptum (cf. Plin. Ep. 7, 9). — superductio occurs Ulp. Dig. 28, 4, 1 ; it is not given by Freund, but seems to mean ' the writing over an erasure,' lituras inductiones, superductiones ipse feci. — in- terpositio (g. t. for what is written between, whether between two words or two lines, una interpositio diffi- cilior est, &c. ; C. Fam. 16, 22). There were so many both erasures and i.'s, ita multa et deleta et inducta et superscripta inerant {Suet. Ner. 52, fin.). INTERLOCUTION, interlocutio {as judicial term, is more general than the Eng. word, since it denoted also a short explanatory speech of the advocate on the other side ; hence it is belter to add judicis). — *edictum (decretum, &c.) ad tempus propositum. INTERLOCUTOR, Crcl. *qui orationem interponit, &c. INTERLOPER, qui alienae rei se immiscet {aft. Pompon, de verb. sign. 36); qui aliena negotia curat (H.). INTERLUDE, ex8dium {cf. L. 7, 32, /n.).-embo- lium {en/36\iov, theatrical 1. 1. ; ballet; C. Sest. 54, 116). — *ludus interpositus, interjectus. To enliven athg by (497) INT some »., interpolare satietatem cs rei ludo {e. g. sati©- tatem epularum ludis, Curt. 6, 2). INTERMARRIAGE, Crcl. with connubium est; connubia sunt aliquibus. They forbad, by a cruel law, the i. of plebeians and patricians, connubia ut ne plebi et patribus essent, inhumanissima lege sanxerunt (C.) : Canuleius proposed a law to sa?iction the i. of patricians and plebeians, de connubio patrum et plebis Canuleius rogationem promulgavit (Z.): since no neighbouring slates would allow of i.'s with them, quippe quibus cum finitimis connubia non essent: they forbad i.'s between the other states, ceteris populis connubia ademerunt. ( $*j^° This was the jus con- nubii.) INTERMARRY, Crcl. The patricians and ple- beians may not i., connubia plebi et patribus non sunt. See Intermarriage. INTERMEDDLE WITH. See ' To Interfere wit h.' INTERMENT. See Burial. INTERMINABLE. See Endless. INTERMINABLY. See Endlessly. INTERMINGLE, INTERMIX, intermiscere qd ci rei {L., Col.; not C. Cces.). — immiscere (qd ci rei; Lucr., L., V., H.; not C, Cces.). — in medium admis- cere (C. Univ. 7). See To Mix. INTERMISSION, intermissio {the giving up entirely for a time). — omissio {the giving up entirely). — cessatio {the resting ; opp. to previous activity ; often in a depre- ciating sense). — intercapedo {interval during wch athg is interrupted ; interruption; e. g. intercapedinem scri- bendi facere, C). — interpellate {interruption of a speaker ; hence interruption generally). Without any «., uno tenore, sine ulla intermissione : without any the least i., sine ulla. minimi tempons intermissione (C). || In fevers, intermissio {total; remissio, being partial). — decessio {opp. accessio, Cels.). — dies iritegri {on wch the patient is without fever). After the two first days there foil ov)s an i. of two days, finita febre biduum integrum est (Cels.): to have one day's i., unum diem praestare integrum : in this fever there is no i., but only an occasional remission, hoc genus [febrium] non ex toto in remissione desistit, sed tantum levius est : the i.'s are longer, febris longiore circUftu redit {Cels.). To have i.'s, (ex toto) intermittere (Cels.) ; certum cir- cmtum habere et ex toto remitti {Cels.) ; dies integros praestare (Cels.). INTERMIT, || Trans.) intermittere (v. pr. ; studia doctrinae, C; curam rerum, T., fyc). See Suspend. — || Intrans.) See 'to h a ve Intermissions.' INTERMITTENT. J. fever, febris intermittens: i. fevers, febres, quarum certus est circuitus ; or quae certum habent circultum et ex toto remittuntur {Cels^; i. e., those that have regular intermissions). INTERMIXTURE, admistio. INTERNAL, interior (opp. exterior) — intestlnus (going on in the interior of a country ; opp. externus. %$£r internus, post- Aug., T.). — domesticus (happening at home, in its narrower or wider sense ; opp. abroad, foris). Jn. intestlnus ac domesticus. — intus inclusus (enclosed within our walls ; e.g. periculum, of danger fm our fellow-citizens). Peace abroad is immediately followed by i. discords, paci externa» continuatur dis- cordia domi. See Civil (war, &c). An i. malady, malum, quod haeret in visceribus (propr., of the body ; or fig-? of the body politic). I. evils (in a state), mala intestina, or intestlna ac domestica : i. enemies, hostes qui intus sunt (aft. C.) : the i. parts of the body, ea quae sunt intus in corpore: i. tranquillity, animi tranquil- litas. INTERNALLY, intus (within).— in sinu or in sinu tacito (e. g. gaudere ; of internal emotions, outwardly suppressed; cf. C. Tusc. 3, 21, 55. Tib. 4, 13, 8). INTERNATIONAL. J. law, jus gentium. Agst the first principles of i. law, contra jus gentium. INTERNUNCIO, internuntius (C). INTERPOLATE, corrumpere. vitiare (g. it. for to falsify). Jn. corrumpere atque interlinere (interlin. to rub out words fm a waxen tablet, and insert others; hence does not suit our method of writing).— interpolare (propr. — 'to fashion anew,' 'to give an- other form to:' in the sense of ' interpolating,' it im- plies the doing it so as to avoid detection, not to let the changes or additions betray themselves by their appear- ance ; semper qd demendo, mutando, curando no litura appareat, interpolando ; C. Verr. 2, 1, 61). — transcribere is to falsify in transcription. — "verbis alienis corrumpere, vitiare ; "falsa or aliena verba inculcare {of added words). To i. documents, tabulas corrumpere or vitiare ; tabulas interpolare, or corrum- 2K INT pere atque interlinere, or interpolare {.with the distinc- tions above given). INTERPOLATION, verbum aliquod inculcatum, or inculta verba quaedam (C. ; but not implying in him false additions), fig^" interpolamentum, post-Class. Claud. Mamert. INTEKPOLATOR, Crcl. See Interpolate, and Falsifier. INTERPOSE, || Trans.) interponere (to place be- tween, qd or qm ci rei or ci).— interjicere or inter- jacere (to cast between; absol. legionariis interjaciunt cohortes, Cces. ; qd inter qd atque qd, C. ; qd ci rei, e. g. nasus quasi murus oculis interjectus, C). To i. some delay, moram qam interponere (rei faciendas or quin &c.) : to i. one's authority, auctoritatem suam interponere or interserere ci rei. — 1| Intrans.) To come in as mediator, fyc, se interponere. — intercedere. inter- cessionem suam interponere (post-Aug. Suet. ; = to interfere to prevent). To i. to prevent athg, see ' In- terfere to prevent athg.' || To put in by way of interruption, interponere (but as trans, verb, the interposed words being the object). — inter- pellare qm (to interrupt). — inquam, inquit (say I, says he). INTERPOSITION, interpositio (e. g. certarum per- sonarum interpositio; C. Invent. 1, 6). — interpositus, us (e.g. luna interpositu interjectuque terrae repente deficit; C. only of local i.). — interventus, us (of persons; e.g. cs ; Caleni et Calvenae ; interventu Pomp- tini pugna sedatur; also of things; local, lunae, noctis, &c. : |$3?p° of persons, it denotes simply the coming in before athg is completed, well they may or may not hinder ; in the sense of mediation, fyc., it is post-Class. ; ci rei subvenire interventu principis ; Plin. Ep. 10, 68). By the i. of aby, cs beneficio (cf. Herz. Cces. B. G. 1, 33). INTERPRET, interpretari; see To Translate; and for ' to i. athg favorably,' see ' to put a favorable Interpretation on.' INTERPRETATION, interpretatio (propr.).— ex- planatio te. g., of a dream, oracle, fyc. ; C). \\ Expo- sition, interpretatio. enarratio. explanatio. explicatio. ggir enarratio must be by word of mouth. To put a favorable i. on athg, qd in meliorera partem accipere or interpretari. INTERPRETER, interpres (v. pr.). — explanator (one who explains another's meaning ; also dreams, ora- cles, fyc.).— enarrator (who explains hermeneutically).— explicator (propr., one who unfolds, and so explains what was involved). The i.'s or expounders of the will of God, scriptores, qui sunt Dei quasi interpretes in- ternunciique (aft. C. Phil. 13, 5, 12). To speak with aby though an ?., per interpretem cum qo colloqui (Gell. ; cf. Cces. B. G. 1, 19). INTERREGNUM, interregnum. INTERROGATE. See To Ask, To Question. INTERROGATION. See Question. Note of i., *signum interrogationis. INTERROGATIVE, interrogativus (Prise. 17,1059). The i. method ; e. g ., to adopt the i. method of instruc- tion, percunctando et interrogando elicere discipulo- rum (or audientium) opiniones, et ad haec quae hi re- spondeant, si quid videatur, dicere (C. Fin. 2, 1, 2). INTERROGATIVELY, interrogative (Erasm. As- con, in Verr. 2, 1, 56). INTERROGATORY, s. See Question. INTERRUPT, interrumpere (to break athg off; to make it cease before its proper time; e. g. orationem, 6omnum). — interpellare (to i. a speaker; to try to prevent his going on; then as g. t. for interrupting). — interfari qm and absol. (to i. a speaker by an observa- tion of one's own interposed, not implying the wish to prevent him from saying any more). — intermittere (to suspend athg for a time). — intercipere (to catch athg, as it were, before it has reached its completion ; to bring it to a sudden standstill, iter, sermonem medium). — intervenire ci rei (to come in before athg is completed, and so delay or prevent its completion ; e. g. delibera- tion ; also with ref. to persons, verens ne molesti vobis interveniremus). — incidere (to cut short; e.g. sermonem). — dirimere (to make athg cease by sepa- rating the parties engaged in it, sermonem, pr^elium ; of persons or circumstances). || Interrupted, inter- rupts, interceptus. intermissus. [Syn. above.] INTERRUPTEDLY, interrupte. per dilatioues (e.g. gerere bellum). INTERRUPTER, interpellator. interventor. g§p° interrup f or (Gloss. Philox.). INTERRUPTION, intercapedo (interval during wch athg is suspended or ceases ; scribendi, molestiae). (498) INT — interpellate, interfatio (the i. of a speech by speaking between : an interpellate wishes to prevent the speaker frn going on ; an interfatio wishes to make itself also heard i?i the midst of another's speech ; interpell. also of an i. caused by a person). — intermis- sio (the breaking off or suspension of athg for a time ; e. g. epistolarum, ibrensis operae). Without any i., uno tenore. sine ulla intermissione (without stopping). — sine ulla interpellatione (e. g. in Uteris versari). A day free fm i.'s, dies vacuus ab interven- toribus. To enjoy oneself without danger of i., oblectare se sine interpellatoribus (C). HJ^fT Interruptio = ' aposiopesis :' as 'interruption' generally, it is very late; Paul. Dig. 4], 3, 2. — interlocutio is a judicial t. t. ' interlocution.' INTERSECT, secare (propr. and fig.).— persecare. intersecare (propr.). To i. athg in the middle, medium secare ; crosswise, decussare (e. g., a line). INTERSECTION, sectio (g. t., cutting). — decus- satio. decussis (i. of two lines placed crosswise to each other). — intersectio (only Vitr., hollow cat out between two elevations).— incisiira (place or point of ».). INTERSPERSE, interspergere. immiscere ; in athg, amongst athg, ci rei. — permiscere qd qa re (propr. and fig., C; tristia laetis, Sit). — intexere (in composi- tions, beta tristibus, C). To i. verses among his prose, versus admiscere orationi. INTERSTICE. See Interval. INTERTWINE. See Interweave. INTERVAL, intervallum. spatium interjectum (g.t. — distantia seldom of i. in space). — tempus interjectum (of time). To leave an i., spatium relinqutre or inter- mittere : after a short i., interjecto baud magno spatio : a lucid i , remissio (e. g. si furiosus habet remissionem, Ulp. Dig.). INTERVENE, intervenire. supervenire (to come upon aby unexpectedly; of persons or things ; e.g., of night, ni nox prcelio intervenisset, L. ; quotiens imbres superveniunt ; Front. Aquccd. 15). — intercedere ci rei (of time, annus, nox, C.).— interponi (of time, spatio interposito). — objici (of hindrances). Scarcely a year had intervened, before (or when) fyc, vix annus inter- cesserat, qnum &c. INTERVENTION, || State of coming be- tween, interpositus, us. — interjectus (both of things). Jn. interpositus atque interjectus (of the i. of the moon between the earth and the sun, C.). — 1| Media- tory agency, beneficium cs. — intercessio (for the purpose of prevention ; post-Aug., except as t. t. of the tribunician veto, Sj-c). — interpellate (interruption). By the i. of aby. beneficio cs (*/ it was an act of kind- ness) ; per qm (if through aby's agency). INTERVIEW, collocutio. colloquium (between two persons, whether for conversation or to settle some busi- ness). A personal i., praesens sermo ; praesentis cum praesenti colloquium. To have an i. with aby, ser- monem conferre cum qo; cum qo colloqui; also con- venire qm : to have a secret i. with aby, arcano or secreto cum qo colloqui: to have an i. (of two generals, %c), in colloquium, convenire (Np.): to refuse an i. to aby, aditum petenti conveniendi non dare (Np. Pausan. 31, 3). See Audience. INTERWEAVE, intexere (propr. t and post-Aug. impropr., laeta tristibus intexere, C). — intertexere (post-Aug. and t; intertextus, 0. fyc). INTESTATE, intestatus (C). To die i., intestato or intestatum mori (C). INTESTINAL, intestinus. INTESTINE (propr. and fig), intestinus. Jn. in- testinus ac domesticus (of evils, seditions, S;c. in a country ; opp. externus : bellum intestinum ac domes- ticum ; dom. discordia ; malum int. ac domesticum). INTESTINES, viscera (g. t. for the inner parts of the body). — exta (the inner parts of the upper part of the body ; the heart, lungs, #c). — intestina or (post Aug.) interanea. \\\d.(the inner parts of the lower part of the body; the entrails, guts, fyc— intestina, interanea, the digestive organs ; ilia, whatever is contained in the lower part of the body, esply those parts that are serviceable. Dod.). INTHRALL. See Enslave. INTHRALLMENT. See Bondage and Enslave- ment. INTIMACY, familiaritas. usus familiaritatis. con- suetudo. usus. Jn. consuetudo ac familiaritas; (do- mesticus) usus et consuetudo. An i. of long standing, usus vetus. To be on terms of i. with aby, familiariter or intime uti qo. See ' to be Intimate with.' INTIMATE, v. significare (denotes the making any sign or hint by wch one's intention is conveyed more or INT less distinctly to another; thus vultu et verbis signi- ficare; weaker therefore than declarare, because more indefiinte; hoc ... non solum significandum sed etiam declarandum arbitror ; this is the best word). — declarare {to declare). To i. aby's wish to aby by a letter, ci voluntatem per liteias deferre. INTIMATE, adj. intimus (onterms of close intimacy; then as subst. = 'i. friend'). — conjunctus (closely con- nected with). An i. friendship, familiaritas intima, summa. intima or familiaris amicitia: an i. friend, homo intimus. homo, quo intime utimur. amicus con- junctissimus : to be i. with aby, qo familiariter or in- time uti ; in familiaritate cs versari; cum qo vivere (C. Tusc. I, 33, 81) : to be on the most i. terms of friendship with aby, arto or artissimo amicitiae vinculo cum qo conjunctum esse; qo familiariter or intime uti; in fami- liaritate cs versari; familiarissime uti qo; multa (ac jucunda.) consuetudine cum qo conjunctum esse : the closest intimacy, artissima amicitiae vincula: to become very i. with aby, sibi conjungere qm familiari amicitia: / am very i. with aby, magna est mihi cum qo fami- liaritas, also familiaritate magna or arta or intima or maxima cum qo conjunctum esse ; magno usu fatni- liaritatis cum qo conjunctum esse; arta familiaritate complectiqm: we have been i. friends for many years, inter nos vetus usus intercedit. To have an i. know- ledge of athg, cs rei peritum or gnarum esse ; qd bene or penitus nosse.— qd expertum esse, or cs rei non ex- pertem esse [to have experienced athg). — tamquam digi- tos suos unguesque nosse rem (Prov., Juv.). To have an i. knowledge of aby, qm penitus, bene or optime nosse : to have an i. knowledge of the whole affair, om- nem rem or omnia nosse. INTIMATELY, intime,— familiariter (in an inti- mate mariner or style; e.g. vivere, scribere). — conjuncte (in a united manner; e. g. conjuncte vivere, Np. Alt. 10, 3; so conjunctius, conjunctissime vivere, C. Fam. 6, 9. Lcel. 1, 2). — penitus (thoroughly; e.g. intelli- gere, perspicere, to be i. acquainted with a subject). — arte ( = arete, closely). To be i. acquainted with aby, qo familiariter or intime uti. See Intimate. INTIMATION, significatio. See To Intimate. If = declaration, vid. INTIMIDATE See To Frighten. INTIMIDATION, Crcl. with verbs in Frighten. From i., terrore percussus or coactus. To be a power- ful means of i., multum valere ad terrendum qm : to use athg as a means of i., qd ci ad timorem proponere (of a statement, C). INTO, in (with ace). But J§iP° after verbs of placing, putting, setting, laying, ike. (ponere, locare, collocare, statuere, constituere) in mly makes the abl.; but imponere (when it has not the dat. after it of the place into wch the thing is placed) and repo- nere mly have in with ace. [imponere in navem, in naves, in plaustrum ; reponere qd in aerarium, &c] C. has also anulum ... in mari abjecerat: inserere is always in qd or ci rei (collum in laqueum inserere; qd ci in os inserere. Z. p. 354, § 490, erroneously says in with abl.). So also defigere (to fix fasseres in terra; cultrum in corde]). After many verbs the prepos. is not expressed in Lat. ; e.g., to enter into the city, ingredi urbem. — The particular constructions will be found after the verbs wch ' into' follows ; to come i., fall i., get i., Ike, vid. To look i. one's own heart, introspi- cere mentem suam ipsum (C); percunctari ipsum se (C); in sese descendere (Pers.). INTOLERABLE, intolerabilis. intolerandus (not to be borne, insupportable ; of persons and things; e. g„ woman, cold, pain).— odiosus (hateful, disgusting; of persons and things; as Plant. Pseud. 1, 1, 28, odiosus mihi es). — importunus (disagreeable, disgusting; of per- sons and things; e.g. avaritia). /. conduct, intolerantia; odium (C. Cluent. 39, 109, both): there is nothing more i. than a rich woman, nihil intolerantius quam femina dives (Juv. 6, 459). INTOLERABLY, intolerabiliter. intoleranter. INTOLERANCE, intolerantia. odium (C. Cluent. 39, 109, both). INTOLERANT, intolerans cs rei (not bearing it well, L). — qui qd non or male or aegre fert.— *aliorum de rebus divinis opiniones haud leniter ferei;s. *erga dissentientes in religione divina parum indulgens (in matters of religion). INTOLERATION (in matters of religion), "animus aliorum de rebus divinis opiniones haud leniter ferens. INTOMB. See Entomb. INTONATION, Crcl. with praeire ac praemonstrare [or praeministrare, ed. Lion] modulos (Gell. 1, 11, 2). INTONE, graviter sonare (as Pope uses 'intone'); (499) INT prps ultimarum syllabarum sono indulgere (priorum syll., Q. 11, 3, 33); or insonare (e. g. canticum, Phccdr.). To i. the service, *preces publicas cantu ilJo ecclesiastico insonare or modulari. INTOXICATE. See « to make Drunk.' INTOXICATION. See Drunkenness. INTRACTABLE. See Unmanageable. INTRACTABLENESS. See Unmanageableness INTRENCH, Propr.) fossa cingere. vallo et fossS circumdftre (or vallo atque fossa, S. ; vallo fossaque, Cces.). — vallare. obvallare. — vallo sepire, cingere, cir- cumdare or munire (defend with palisades); or (g. t.) operibus et munitionibus sepire ; operibus munire. An intrenched camp, castra vallo fossaque munita (aft. Cces. B. G. 2,5). — 1| Impropr.) To i. upon(rights, tkc\ ci injuriam facere or inferre (to injure). — qm interpel- lare in jure ipsius (Cces.); qd de jure cs deminuere (to interfere with his rights). — pervertere (to overthrow, omnia jura; amicitiam). — violare or violare atque immi- nuere (to violate a law or right, jus). INTRENCHMENT, vallum (with palisades).— fossa (the trench). — agger (the mound). To throw up i.'s (see To Intrench, if the foss is principally meant), mu- nimentum exstruere ; munitionem facere; aggerem comportare jacere, exstruere, construere; vallum du- cere; anywhere, ci loco munimentum or munitionem imponere ; qm locum munitionibus sepire ; ci loco munitiones circumdSre ; qm locum munimento or aggere cingere. || Impropr.) An i. on aby's rights injuria illata. — jus cs violatum or imminutum. INTREPID. See Bold, Courageous, Fearless. INTREPIDITY, animus impavidus or intrepidus or fortis [Syn. in Fearless]. INTREPIDLY. See Fearlessly, Boldly. INTRICACY, implicatio; but it is mly necessary to use Crcl with adjj. in Intricate. INTRICATE, impeditus ( presenting many obstacles ; e. g. iter, silva, saltus, locus, navigatio). — perplexus (entangled, 8;c. fig., iter, V. ; figurae, Lucr.; sermones, L.).— difficilis (difficult). J^p" Not intrieatus, wch is prce- and post-Class. — inexplicabilis (via, L. 40, 33, in wch passage, however, it means 'impassable ' res, C.Att. 8, 3, 6). The i. paths (of a labyrinth), itinerum am- bages, occursusque et recursus inexplicabiles (Plin.). An i. affair, res impedita or contorta or difficilis, or contorta et difficilis; res difficilis et inexplicabilis (C. Alt. 8, 3, 6) : a difficult and i. task, magnum et arduum opus : an affair is very i., res in magnis difficultatibus est. INTRIGUE, s. [| Political intrigue, ars. arti- ficium (artifice). — fallacia (deceit, i.). — better in pi. artes (malae). — fallacige (cabals, i.'s). — consilia clandes- tina (hidden designs). — calumniae (malicious slander, false accusation). By aby's i.'s, cs opera : the rejection of the offered peace was caused by the i.'s of those who fyc, pacem ne acciperent, eorum opera effectum est, qui &c. || Love intrigue, res amatoria. /.'*, amo- res : notorious for his i.'s, multarum amoribus famosus : to have an i., amori operam dare : to be fond of i.'s, amores consectari. $gj/T These expressions apply to any love affairs. Clandestlnus may be added. INTRIGUE, v. fallacias facere, fingere ; consilia clandestina concoquere; dare operam consiliis clan- destinis, with ut (to endeavour to effect by i.'s); like- wise calumnias facere; multa machinari: to i. agst aby, fallaciam in qm intendere; consiliis clandestinis oppugnare qm ; ci dolum nectere. INTRIGUER, doli or fallaciarum machinator; or Crcl. qui consilia clandestina (in qm) concoquit. — fallaciarum componendarum artifex callidus (aft. C.Fin. 2, 35, 116). INTRINSIC. See Genuine, Real. INTRINSICALLY. See Really, Truly. INTRODUCE, || Bring into use, fashion, in- ducere (e.g., new customs, words, Ike). — introducere (a custom). — instituere (to appoint ; a festival, the census, #c). To i. a religious worship (fin a foreign state), religionem advehere ; foreign usages, peregrlnos ritus asciscere. To i. many changes or new regulations in military discipline, in re miliiari multa instituere (Suet.) : he introduced many new inventions, and made many improvements on what brfore existed, multa par- tim nova aitulit, partim meliora fecit (Np.). \\ To introduce a character in a dialogue, qm lo- quentem or disputantem inducere or facere ; personam (a fictitious personage) introducere. — ci sermonem tri- buere or orationem attribuere. — (several) inducere ser- monem hominum; fictam orationem personis induere (when the speeches are invented, Q.). || To make aby known to another, introducere qm apud qm (by 2 K2 INT talcing him to his house, 8,-c). — commendare ci qm (by a recommendation). — 'praesentem praesenti ci commen- dare (of a personal introduction). Sts ostentare qm (to shovj him ; e.g., to i. a young prince to the armies, per omnes exercitus) : to be introduced into the senate by aby, per qm in senatu introduci. INTRODUCER, Crcl. with verbs in Introduce. INTRODUCTION, || Act of introducing, 1) introductio (only in the literal sense, e.g. of introducing armed men into the Circus, introd. armatorum). — in- ductio (the introducing a character into a dialogue, ficta personae inductio). — invectio (the i. of goods into a country ; importation). — 2) For i. of customs, §c. Crcl. with inducere, introducere, &c. See Introduce. — 3) Act of making a person known to an- other; Crcl. with verbs in Introduce ( = to make a person known to another). Letter ofi., literal commen- daticiae (C. Fam. 5, 5, recommendatory letters), or com- mendatio only (recommendation) : to give aby a letter ofi. to aby, ad qm de qo scribere (diligentissime) : aby has brought a letter of i. to me, qm sibi commen- datum habere (aby has been recommended to my notice whether by letter or orally). — 1| Introductory pre- face, aditus. introftus. ingressio ingressus (g. t., mode of entering upon or beginning one's subject ; i. to a speech, poem, 8,-c. ; introitus only, prps in introi- tus defensionis, C. pro Ccel. 2, 3, Krebs).— principium (beginning ; of a speech or letter). — exordium (begin- ning of, or i. to a speech or writing, as part of tt). — procemium (Trpoolp-iov, lit. 'prelude;' also i. to a speech, history, poem). — praefatio (oral i. to a discus- sion, #c. ; not i. to a book till Q. and Plin.). Prps prolegomena (npoXeyofxeva) may be retained for a long i., separate fin the work itself; so Krebs. If — pro- logue, vid. To make a long i., muha praefari: after a short i., pauca praefatus : to make an i. to one's speech (of an orator), aditum ad causam facere. Sts vesti- bulum (threshold — i. ; C. Or. 15, 50 ; cf. Q. 9, 4, 10, quodam quasi vestibulo). To say athg by way of i., dicere qd ante rem: to commence one's speeches by a graceful (brilliant, &;c.) i., vestibula honesta atque aditus ad causam illustres facere (CO- IN fRODUCTORY, Crcl. After a few u remarks, pauca pragfatus (e. g de senectute). INTRUDE, qs se ipse infert ( $*gTnol se intrudere, there being no such word; since, in C. Coecin. 5, we must read se inferebat, et intro dabat, Klotz, — came uninvited). To i. upon aby, ci se ingerere (to force oneself upon). — insolenter se offerre (to thrust oneself in his way). — qm (moleste) interpellare (to interrupt him in a troublesome way). [| To i. on lands, &;c. ; see To Encroach. INTRUDER, (molestus) interpellator (troublesome interrupter) ; or Crcl. INTRUSION, molesta interpellatio. Crcl. with verbs in Intrude. || The seizing a property, occupa- tio ; or Crcl. INTRUST. See Entrust. INTUITION, (animi) perceptio. By i., *animi per- ceptione quadam. INTUITIVE. Crcl. I. knowledge, (animi) percep- tio. INTUITIVELY, *animi perceptione quadam ; or *non argumentis sed celeri quadam ipsius animi per- ceptione. INTWTNE. See Entwine, Interweave. INUNDATE. See To Deluge, To Flood. INUNDATION. See Flood, Deluge. INURE. See To Accustom (trans.), To Habi- tuate. INURN, in urnam condere (Suet. Cal. 15). INUTILITY, inutilitas. INVADE. To i. a country, terram invadere. in terram irruptionem facere (g. tt.). — in terram infundi or influere (of a vast host, inundating, as it were, the country); with an army, terram invadere cumcopiis; copias in fines hostium introducere (to march into his country^ or impressionem facere in fines hostium. INVADER, Crcl. with verbs in Invade. INVALID, s. morbosus. valetudinarius. ad eegro- tandum proclivis (g. t., of persons often attacked by sickness; on the last cf. C. Tusc. 4, 12, 47 and 28). To be a great i., valetudine minus prospera. uti ; sem- per infirma, atque etiam eegra valetudine esse. See Sick, Sickly. || A disabled soldier or sailor, ad munera corporis senecta debilis. annis et senecta debilis. mancus (claudus) ac debilis. ad arma inutilis, all with miles or nauta (as the c ise may be). A hos- pital of i.'s, domus, in qua milites (nautae) manci ac debiles aluntur. (500) INV - INVALID, adj. irrttus (not being good in law ; opp. ratus, e. g. a will). — vanus (vain, null, without effect; of things). Jn. irrttus et vanus (e. g. a will). — parum idoneus (not Jit or good enough for the purpose, e. g. bail, witness, excuse). To render athgi., qd irrttum facere (e. g. a will). — qd rescindere et irrttum facere (to annul, to cancel, e. g. a testament, an agreement; also to quash an indictment). Jn. rescindere et irritum facere ; or ut irritum et vanum rescindere (a will). — refigere ( propr. ; to pull down what has been posted up ; hence to cancel, inasmuch as the public notice is taken down again, e. g. a law, legem). To declare athg i., qd tollere et irrttum esse jubere : to consider athg i., qd pro irrito habere. An i. will, irritum or inutile testa- men turn. INVALIDATE, irntum facere (to take away its legal power; e.g. a will). — rescindere (rescind, cancel; a will, a compact, a verdict, decree, %c). Jn. rescin- dere et irrttum facere. ut irritum et vanum rescindere (a will). — refigere (propr. ; to unfix ; then to annul, its public proclamation being withdrawn ; e. g. legem). INVALIDITY, Crcl., e.g. *efficere, ut testamentum irritum fiat. INVALUABLE. See Inestimable. INVARIABLE. See Unchangeable. INVARIABLENESS. See Unchangeableness. INVARIABLY. See Unchangeably ; Always. INVASION, irruptio. incursio. incursus. To make an i., irruptionem or incursionem facere in &c. See To Invade. INVECTIVE, invectio (only in pi., invectiones, C. Inv. 2, 54). convicium. maledictum. probrum [Syn. in Abuse = railing language]. To break into i.'s, ad verborum contumeliam descendere. To use i.'s agst aby, invghi in qm (in Np. ; also ivith Gk. ace, multa, nonnulla, &c, invehi in qm); qm conviciis in- sectari or incessere; qm maledictis insectari: to load aby with i.'s, omnibus maledictis qm vexare; omnia maledicta in qm conferre. INVEIGH (agst aby or athg), invghiin qm or in qam rem (often with vehementer or vehementius ; petu- lanter, aspere ; acerbe et contumeliose, &c). — insectari qm vehementius : to be fond of inveighing agst, libenter invShi in qm. Jn. acerbius in qm invehi insectarique vehementius. INVEIGHER, Crcl. with verbs in Inveigh. INVEIGLE. See Ensnare. INVENT, in venire, reperire (to find out; the former accidentally or as g. t. ; = evpelv ; the latter, after reflec- tion, search, &;c. ; = uvevpelv). — excogitare (to strike out by thinking; C). — cogitatione assequi, in venire (to find out, to discover). — fingere. comminisci (to i., to contrive, to design). — coquere. concoquere (to design, brood over or hatch, as it were). — machinari (to con- trive cunningly). — ementiri (to i. falsely). See To Discover, To Find out, To Contrive. INVENTION, || Discovery, vid. || Fiction, vid. It's all a pure i. ! fabulae ! INVENTIVE, ingeniosus. sollers. acutus [Syn. in Ingenious]. An i. mind, ingenium ad excogitandum acutum. INVENTOR, inventor, fern, inventrix (repertor is t, and post-Aug.). — auctor (the original introducer, &;c, who is therefore looked up to as an authority). — archi- tectus or quasi architectus (the original builder, as it were ; hence, the i. of something that may be considered constructive; e.g. beatae vitae, C). Jn. princeps et architectus (C). The i.'s of sculpture, fingendi con- ditores : an i. of new words, inventor novorum verbo- rum. See Discoverer. INVENTORY, repertoriura. inventarium (the latter a common expression ; repertorium .... quod vulgo inventarium appellatur, Ulp. Dig. 26, 7, 7, ire.).— res acceptae et tradendae (the articles as set down «'?» are i. ; aft. C. Verr. 4, 63, 140). An i. of the furniture of a tavern, instrumentum canponium (Marc. Dig. 33, 7, 17, § 2). To take an i., repertorium or inventarium facere. INVENTRESS, inventrix. INVERSE. I. proportion, *ratio in versa (arith. t. t.). INVERSELY, retro (backwards). — inverso ordine. INVERSION, inversio (but only in the sense of ' irony' or allegory). — inversus ordo. INVERT, invertere (e.g. ordinem verborum; to read them backwards ; opp. dicere recte ; also impropr. ; inversus annus = that has run its course, and turned, as it weie ; H.). See To Change. To i. the order of words, invertere ordinem verborum : to read words in inverted order, invertere ordinem et idem quasi sursum versus retroque dicere. INV INVEST, || Clothe with, 1) Propr. ; see Clothe. 2) With an office, munus ci dare, mandare, deferre; muneri qm praeficere : to i. aby with the chief command, surnmam imperii ad qm deferre : to be invested with an honorable office, honore affectum esse ; with a priest- hood, sacerdotio p-seditum esse : to i. with full power, infinitam licentiam ci dare; cs arbitrio rem gerendam tradere or committere {the two last of a particular affair). || To adorn, grace, #c.,vid. || To place money at interest, pecuniam collocare {e. g., to i. it in land, in agris ; in the purchase of estates, in emp- tiones praediorum, Gaj. Dig. 17, 1, 2; in an estate, in qo fundo, in solo ; with aby, apud qm ; at a high rate of interest, graviore fenore, Suet.). — pecuniam occupare, with or without fenore ; apud qm or in qa. re ; safely, pecuniam fundare qa re (H. Ep. 1, 15, 46). || Be- siege, circumsedere. in obsidione habere or tenere. corona cingere, circumdare. corona mcenia aggredi. See Besiege. INVESTIGATE, indagare. investigare (to follow the traces of athg till it is discovered).— exquirere (to search out). — perquirere (to search thoroughly). — per- cunctari (to use all the means in one's power to get at accurate information ; esply with ref. to the truth of news, reports, fyc.) — sciscitari (to be longing to know athg). — odorari (litr. to scent out: hence to hunt out sagaciously, fyc. ; to try to find it out by enquiries; athg, de qa re). Jn. investigare et scrutari. indagare et pervestigare. indagare et odorari. percunctari et inrerrogare. To i. the true grounds of athg, veram ra- tion em cs rei exsequi; the truth, quid verum sit, ex- quirere. INVESTIGATION, indagatio. investigatio (the tracing out). — spectatio. cognitio (the examination, trial, fyc). The i. of truth, investigatio veri. veri in- quisitio atque investigatio (where inquis. means the examination, in each case, of what is true ; invest, the pursuing the often obscure traces of truth, C. Off. 1, 4, 13). — cognitio veri (the sifting of the truth). To give oneself entirely up to the i. of athg, totum se in qa re exquirenda collocare. INVESTITURE, Crcl. with *muneris cs insignia sollemni ritu tradere. To receive i. fm aby, a qo aeci- pere sua? potestatis insigne (Gerhard of Reicherspeg, ap. Gibbon, chap. 69, note 40). INVESTMENT, \\Act of besieging a town. See Siege, Blockade. || Act of laying out money in the purchase of property ; Crcl. with verbs under to Invest (since, though collocatio and occupatio are both Class., they are not Class, in this sense). To make a profitable i., pecuniam in qa re bene collocare. INVETERATE, inveteratus (grown old, and there- fore not easy to change).— confirmatus (having gained strength, and therefore power of resistance, fyc). — pe- nitus defixus (fixed deeply ; e. g. a fault). — penitus insYtus (deeply implanted; e. g. an opinion). — vetus (old). Jn. vetus atque diuturnus. To become i., in- veterascere (C); inveterare (e.g. malum, Cels.). An evil that has become % , inveteratio (C. Tusc. 4, 37). INVIDIOUS, invidiosus (both of persons and things likely to excite envy; eg. possessiones invidiosas ha- bere : the persons who would be likely to feel the envy are sts expressed by ad qm : triumphum accipere, in- vidiosum ad bonos, C). To be i., invidiae ci esse. INVIDIOUSLY, invidiose (e. g. dicere qd, C). INVIGORATE, corroborare. firmare. conlirmare (to strengthen ; e. g. corrob. qm assiduo opere ; qd cor- roborat stomachum. — corpus cibo firmare; valetu- dinem firm, or confirm. ; memoriam firm. ; confirm, cs animum or qm animo). — reparare. reficere, relaxare (to refresh, relax). To i. oneself, se corroborare. se confirmare. se recreare. se or vires reficere. INVINCIBLE, invictus (unconquerable ; of persons. gj^" insuperabilis and inexsuperabilis, in this sense, ate poet. only). — inexpugnabilis (impregnable; of vlaces). — quod superari non potest (fig., insurmount- able ; e. g obstacles, impedimenta). INVINCIBLY, Crcl. with adjj. in Invincible. INVIOLABILITY, sanctitas (holiness; see Invio- lable). — cs rei inexpiabilis religio (e.g. of sepulchres). INVIOLABLE, iuviolatus (g^inviolabilis f only). — sanctus (that is placed under the protection of a deity, holy, venerable; e. g. of the person of a tribune, fyc). INVIOLABLY, inviolate (without violating it ; e.g. memoriam cs servare, C. ; jusjurandum servare, Gell. 7, 18). — sancte. summa fide (conscientiously, with great fidelity ; e. g. servare qd). INVISIBILITY, Crcl. with adjj. in Invisible. (501) INV INVISIBLE, invisibilis, or nulli cernendus, or quod cernere et videre non possumus. quem (quam, quod) non possimt oculi consequi (that one cannot see : invi- sibilis, found as early as Cels. prcef. p. 121, ed. Bip., may be used where conciseness of expression would be injured by Crcl. ; esply as C. makes use of adjj. in ' bilis,' and has even formed some new ones). — quod sub oculos non cadit. quod oculorum aciem fugit. quod sensum oculorum effugit (that escapes the eye) — An i. solar eclipse, * defectus solis, quem in his ter- rae partibus cernere et videre non possumus : the i. world, *orbis rerum ccelestium circumfusus terres- tribus visusque nostros fugiens : to behold with the mind's eye what is i., in conspeetu paene animi ponere, quae cernere et videre non possumus : to be i., cerni et videri non posse (g. t., unable to be seen), sub oculos non cadere. oculorum aciem fugere. oculorum sensum effugere (not to be discernible by the eye), se non ape- rire (not to rise, of stars), non comparere (not to ap- pear or show itself; of persons, and also of inanimate beings), in conspectum non venire (not to make one's appearance ; of persons only). To become i., obscurari (to be eclipsed, of stars) : to make oneself i., clam abire. clam se subducere. INVISIBLY, Crcl. * ita ut sub oculos non cadat. * ita ut non compareat. *ita ut videri non possit. INVITATION, invitatio. By your i., invitatus or vocatus a te ; invitatu or vocatu tuo : to dine with aby by his own i., ccenare apud qm vocatu ipsius : to ac- company aby to a party without an i., umbram sequi qm : to accept an i., promittere ci ad coenam. promit- tere apud qm (not condicere ad ccenam = invite one- self): to refuse an »., abnuere: a note of i., literae. libellus (T. Dial. 9, 3) : to receive a note of i., per lite- ras invitari a qo : to send out one's i.'s or cards of £., libellos dispergere (T. Dial. 9, 3): to give aby a press- ing i. to stay, familiari invitatione retinere qm. INVITE, invitare qm ad qd (of every kind of invi- tation given by oneself ; both of persons and things). — vocare qm ad qd (v. propr. of an invitation to a party by a slave called vocator: then of inviting to a par- ticipation in athg, ad bellum, quietem, &c). To i. aby to dinner, invitare or vocare qm (with or ivithout ad ccenam) : to i. aby to my house, qm invito domum meam : to i. aby (who is about to go) to stay, qm invi- tatione familiari retinere : to i. myself to dine with aby, condicere ci ad ccenam; condicere ci : to i. one to the enjoyment of a country life, ad fruendum agrum in- vitare (e. g. of old age : see C. Cat. 16, 57) : to i. one to read it by its agreeable style, jucunditate quadam ad legendum invitare. \\ Incite, attract, invitare qm (e. g. somnos, H. ; luxuriam, Veil. ; assentationem, C.).— allicere. allectare (allure). Jn. invitare et allec- tare. allectare et invitare (qm ad qd). INVITING. Either amcenus (of beautiful land- scapes, countries, %c), gratus (e.g. grat. Antium), or Crcl. with jucunditate quadam invitare qm ad fa- ciendum qd ; dulcedine quadam commovere qm; sen- sus permulcere voluptate, &c. INVOCATION, invocatio. — imploratio (in an im- ploring manner). — testatio (the calling to witness). INVOICE, *mercium index or libellus. INVOKE, invocare.— implorare (to implore). To i. the Muses, invocare Musas : the gods, invocare or im- plorare deos; invocare atque obtestari deos; com- precari deos (esply for help); Deum testari ; Deum in- vocare testem (to call God to witness) : aby's protection or aid, implorare fidem cs ; invocare subsidium cs; auxilium cs implorare et flagitare : the protection of a judge, ad judicis opem confu^ere : aby's compassion, cs misericordiam implorare, or implorare et exigere. INVOLUNTARILY, imprudenter. per impruden- tiam, or adj. imprudens (unconsciously, inadvertently). — temere. inconsulte ac temere. temere ac fortuito. — ■ ultro. sponte (of one's own accord). Sts by coactus, &c, or by non voluntate; or by nescio quo pacto (e. g. nescio quo pacto ab eo, quod erat a te proposituvn, aberravil oratio) : he uttered that exclamation (made that remark, %c.) quite i., excidit ei nolenti dictum illud. INVOLUNTARY, invitus et coactus (not willingly, by compulsion, opp. voluntate). — non voluntarius (not done of one's own accord, or from choice, fyc. ; e.g. death). INVOLUTION, involutio (once only, Vilr. 10, 11) Crcl. INVOLVE, involvere qd qa re (not qd in qa re : also used fig., but not in the notion of containing athg un- developed ; for wch use inesse in qa re; contineri qai INV re). — implicare or impedire (of involving in what em- barrasses, fyc. ; propr. and fig.— qa re). — illaqueare {fig.) in qa re. To i. aby in dangers, qm periculis illa- queare ; in war, qm bello implicare : to be involved in a war, bello implicari or illigari ; bello implicitum, iiiigatum, or occupatum esse : with aby, bellum ge- rere cum qo : to be invoiced in a lawsuit, lite impli- cari; in causam deduci; with aby, lites habere cum qo : in disagreeable business, molestis negotiis impli- cari : to i. oneself in athg. implicari or se impedire qa re (propr. and fig.); se illaqueare qa re (fig); se im- miscere ci rei: to be involved in debt, asie alieno ob- riitum, oppressum, or demersum esse: to i. a con- tradiction, inter se pugnare, repugnare, discrepare, vr dissidere. INVULNERABLE, invulnerabilis ("Sen. Benef. 5, 5, in. $c.). — To be i., vulnerari non posse. INWARDS, INWARD, adv. introrsus. introrsum. Bent i., incurvus. INWARD. See Interior. INWARDLY, intus (within). — interius (opp. ex- terius). — intrinsfcus (on the inside, opp. extrinsecus, exterius ; e. g. intrins. et extrinsecus picare, Col. ; qd intrins. perungere qa. re, Varr.).— ex interiore parte, ab interioribus partibus (opp. extrinsecus, ab exteriori- bus partibus). Sts plane, omnino. penitus (quite). $#j^T intra and intro unclass. in this sense. I. and outwardly, intus et extra; intrinsecus et extrinsecus ; intrinsecus et exterius : outwardly and i., extra et intus; extrinsecus et intra; extrinsecus et intrinsecus. To rejoice i.. in sinu (tacito) gaudere (cf. C. Tusc. 3, 21, 51. T>b. 4, 15, 8). IN WRAP, mvolvere in qa re. See ' Wrap up i n' IRASCIBLE. See Irritable. IRE. See Anger, Wrath. IREFUL. See Angry, Wrathful. IREFULLY. See Angrily, Wrathfclly. IRIS, || The plant, hyacinthus. vaccinium (* iris germanica, Linn.; cf. Voss. V. Eel. 10, 39). || In the eye, *iris (as t. t.). IRK. Athg i.'s me, taedet or pertaesum est me cs rei; or taedium me tenet cs rei; satietas or taedium cs rei me cepit. IRKSOME, fastidium creans or affe'rens (producing disgust, fyc). — quod taedium affert. taedium afferens (causing weariness, fyc, L.). — odiosus (hateful, fyc. ; of persons and things). — molestus (fell as annoying, vexa- tious, fyc). — operosus. laboriosus (laborious). Jn. operosus ac molestus (e. g. labor, C). odiosus ac mo- lestus (C). laboriosus molestusque (C.). IRKSOMENESS, taedium (disgust at what one feels to be long and wearisome : in prose first in L. ; C. uses satietas). — satietas (disgust fm havi?ig had too much of athg, fm having been employed about it too long, fyc. ; in physical or moral sense). — fastidium (disgust, loath- ing ; with ref to objects of physical or moral taste). Jn. fastidium quoddam et satietas (these are all sub- jective; i. e. refer to the sense of i. fell by the person). — gravitas (objectively ; the oppressive nature, tyc. of athg) or diuturnitas et gravitas cs rei (its long continuance and oppressive nature ; e. g. belli, L.). IRON, s. ferrum : as adj. ferreus (made of i. ; propr. and impropr.). An i. tool, ferramentum : a vein of i., vena ferri : iron-mine, metallum ferrarium or ferri ; ferri fodlna or ferraria (these too as pit): a plate of i., lamina ferri : covered with an i. plate, lamina ferratus : i. wire, * filum ferreum : i. colour, ferrvigo : i. works, fabricae ferrariae: i. filings, ramenta ferri; scobs ferri delimata: as hard as i , ferreus, adamantinus, or per- durus (g. t. for very hard) : an i. frame (i. e. body), corpus ferreum : a taste of i., sapor ferrugineus : i. furnace, fornax ferraria : the dross of i., scoria ferri : impregnated with i. ; see Chalybeate. Prov.) To strike whilst the i. is hot, utendum est animis, dum spe calent (Curl. 4, 1, 29); matura, dum libido manet (Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 14). || \ Irons. See Chains. || Irons (surgical, for correcting distortions, fyc), ser- perastra (to straighten the leg, depravata crura corri- gere). || Impropr.) Made of i., ferreus: / must have been made of i., ferreus essem : Oh! thou i.- hearted man, O te ferreum ! IRON, v. * vestes ferro calefacto premere. \\Put in chains, vid. Chain. IRON-BAR, vectis (as lever). IRON- MOLD, * macula ex rubigine concepta. IRONMONGER, negotiator ferrarius (Inscript. as dealer in iron ).— faber ferrarius (as smith; ferramenta- rius, very late). IRON-STONE, * lapis ferrarius. (502) IRR IRONICAL, *ironicus. IRONICALLY, ironice (Ascon. ad C. 1 Verr. 15).— • urbana quadam dissimulatione. * per ironiam dissi- mulantiamque (both aft. C: cf. quotations in Irony). IRONY, ironla (elpcuveta, borrowed fm the Gk by G., and retained by later writers as the most suitable ex- pression [Q. 9, 2, 44) : C. de Or. 2, 67, init., explains it as, urbana dissim ulatio, quum alia dicuntur, ac sentias). Jn. ironia dissimulantiaque (C). — ea dis- simulate, quam Graeci elpaveiav vocant (C. Acad. 2, 5, extr.). — inversio (the use of a word in a meaning wch is the opposite of its real meaning, C. de Or. 2, 65). One who uses i., simulator (= eVpoi/, C. Off. 1, 30, 10, of Socrates). IRRADIANCE, IRRADIATION. See Radiance, Radiation. IRRADIATE. See To Illuminate, To En- lighten, To Decorate. ggp" irradiare, poet. (Stat ) and post-Class. IRRATIONAL, rationis expers (not gifted with reason). — brutus (without the faculty or capacity of perception). — mutus (mute, unreasonable, inasmuch as speech implies reason; all three of animals). — demens (senseless, and also of things that none but a senseless person would do). — insanus (mad ; deprived of right reason ; insane, of men ; then also denoting excess : e. g, moles, montes). An i. animal or being, bestia (opp. homo). In an i. manner ; see Irrationally. IRRATIONALLY, nulla ratione. — dementer. de- menti ratione (senselessly). — insane (madly, Com.). IRRECLAIMABLE. See Incurable. IRRECONCILEABLE, implacabilis (ci or in qm). — inexpiabilis. Jn. implacabilis inexpiabilisque (C). inexorabilis (all three of persons and things. — in or adversus qm). To be aby's i. foe, implacabili odio per- sfqui qm [see Implacable]. 1RRECONCILEABLY, implacabili odio (of persons entertaining irreconcileable hatted). IRRECOVERABLE, irreparabilis. — irrevocabilis (not to be recalled; both, e. g., tempus). See Irrepa- rable. IRRECOVERABLY. See Irreparably. IRREFRAGABLE, qui (quae, quod) vim affert in docendo (e g. ratio; C. Acad. 2, 26, 117). — ad pervin- cendum idoneus. — firmus ad probandum (adapted for convincing, e. g. proof, argumentum). — gravis (weighty, and thus also convincing, argumentum; cf. C. Rose. Com. 12, 36, argumentum gravissimum et firmissimum, i. e., the most i. proof). To prove by i. arguments, necessarie demonstrare (C. Invent. 1, 29, in.). IRREFRAGABLY, necessarie. To prove i., neces- sarie demonstrare (C). IRREGULAR, enormis (e. g. vicus ; irregularly built, T. post-Aug.).—andma\us (i. in declension or conjugation). — non constans (inconsistent). — incom- positus (not regularly or decorously arranged). — inusi- tatus (unusual; e.g species cs rei). — infrequens (rare; e. g. an i. attendant at church, aft. H. inf. cultor Dei). — abnormis (only H. of a wise man ; abnor- mis sapiens: in prose, qui non est ad cs normam, aft. C. Amic. 4). i". soldiers, troops, milites disciplina militari non assuefacti (not accustomed to discipline ; aft. Ca?s. B. G. 4, 1).— milites tumultuarii. cohortes tumultuarise. exercitus tumultuarius (collected in haste). IRREGULARITY, enormitas (Sen. Const. 18, 1).— inconstantia (unsteadiness, inconsistency ; mentis, C). minus apta compositio (want of symmetrical arrange- ment; of the body). — anomalfa (in declension or conju- gation; explained by Gell. inaequalitas conjugationiim). I H REGULARLY, contra regulam (agst the rule or rules). — non constanter (in an irregular, inconsistent way).— minus frequenter (not very often). ggfT enor- miter, Sen. and Plin. IRRELEVANT, alienus (foreign to ; in this sense the dat. is best: illi causae, C. ; quibus omnibus, Q ). Very >., maxime alienus : I did not consider it i. to %c, haud ab re duxi (referre, &c, C). IRRELIGION, impietas erga Deum (or deos).— Dei or deorum negligentia. The i. of the age, haec, qua? nunc tenet seculum, Dei (or deorum) negli- gentia. IRRELIGIOUS, impius erga deos (for Christians, erga Deum). — negligens religionis. contemnens re- ligionis. contemptor religion um. negligens deorum ac religionum (the three first with ref. to outward wor- ship; the las* also wi 4 h ref. to the sentiments, belief, fyc. of the person). IRR IRREMEDIABLE. See Incurable. IRREMEDIABLY. See Incurably. IRREMISSIBLE. See Unpardonable. IRREPARABLE, irrepar ibilis. irrevocabilis (not to be recalled, irrevocable; both e. g. tempus.— fluunt dies et irreparabilis vita decurrit, Sen. Ep. 123, 9). An i. loss, damnum, quod nunquam resarciri potest. IRREPARABLY, ita ut resarciri non possit (e. g. damnum ). IRREPREHENSIBLE, non reprehendendus. non vituperandus. probus. ab omni vitio vacuus, inte- ger, sanctus. An i. course of life, summa morum probitas, vitae sanctitas. To lead an i. life, sancte vivere. IRREPROACHABLE. See Irreprehensible. IRREPROACHABLY. See Blamelessly, Un- blamably. IRRESISTIBLE, cui nulla vi resisti potest.— invic- tus {unconquerable ; insuperabiiis and inexsuperabilis are poet, in this sense). Almost i., cui vix ullo modo cbsisti potest : i. prayers or solicitations, preces, quibus resistere n >n possUmus : i. eloquence, *eloquentia om- nium animos permbvens ; * incredibilis vis dicendi : to swag the mind in an i. manner, in omnium animos penetrare (of a speech, §c, aft. C. Brut. 38, 142) : to draw aby into athg in an i. manner, qm rapere ad qd ; qm praecipiiem agere ad qd : an i. necessity, inexpug- nabilis necessitas (e. g. dormiendi, Cels.) : an i. argu- ment, argumentum firmissimum. ratio quae vim affert in docendo : to establish athg by i. arguments, neces- sarie demonstrare. IRRESISTIBLY, Crcl. * ita ut nulla vi resisti possit : * ita ut vix ullo modo obsisti possit. See ' i n an Irresistible manner.' IRRESOLUTE, dubius.— incertus {with ref. to a particular time). — mutabilis, or varius et mutabilis {changeable). — *in sententia parum firmus. «parum firmus proposito (firm, proposito, Veil.) or infirmus, infirmior only. To be i„ dubitare, nassitare, incertum esse (at a particular time). IRRESOLUTELY, dubitanter (doubtingly). IRRESOLUTION, dubitatio (doubt).— inconstantia mutabilitasque mentis (C. Tusc. 4, 35, 76). — instabilis animus (t V.). See Hesitation. IRRETRIEVABLE. See Irreparable, Irre- coverable. IRRETRIEVABLY. See Irreparably. IRREVERENCE, irreverentia (T.). — reverentia nulla (cs rei, t).— inverecuudum animi ingenium {as habit of mind, C). To show i., reverentiam non prae- stare (ci) ; reverentiam non adhibere (ad versus qm). IRREVERENT, inverecundus. — parum vere- cundus. IRREVERENTLY, parum verecunde. gg|r irre- verenter, Plin. IRREVOCABLE, irrevocabilis. — in perpetuum ra- tus (settled or fixed for ever). — immutabilis (immutable). — quod revocari non potest (L. 44, 40). Athg is i., qd (or quod dixit or fecit qs) ut indictum or infectum sit revocari non potest (aft. L. 5, 15). IRREVOCABLY, in perpetuum. in aeternum. IRRIGATE, irrigare (v. propr. ; jugera quinqua- ginta prati, C). l^fT rigare only poet. — aquam du- cere or derivare (to conduct water by artificial courses, fyc. ; the land irrigated must be expressed by the ace. with in). IRRIGATION, irrigatio (irrigationes agrorum coupled with derivationes fluminum, C. Off. 2, 4). IRRIGUOUS, irriguus. 1RRISION, irrisio (C). IRRITABlLI I Y, iracundia.— animus cs irritabilis. ♦animus (ingenium, &c.) pneceps in iram. IRtUTABLE, irritabilis (C, H.). - iracundus. ad iram proclivis. praeceps in iram. To be i., facile irri- tari; facile et cito irasci (C). Aby is of an i. tempera- ment, qs eo est habitu, ut facile et cito irascatur (aft. C. Top. 16, 62). IRRITATE, || To make angry, qm iratum red- dere. iram, bilem, or stomachum ci movere. conci- tare (to excite; e. g. animum injuriis, C). J33§T' irri- tare qm absolutely in the sense of 'irritating' is not Class. ; but irritare qm <>r cs animum ad qd (e. g. ani- mos ad bellum, &c.) is. To be irritated, iratum fieri ; ira incendi; (ira) excandescere : he employed all possible means of in Haling the soldiers, quibuscunque irrita- mentis poterat, iras militumacuebat (L.). || Impropr.) To i. wounds, vulnera inflammare; the nerves, motum excitare in nervis (cf. C. de Or. 1, 46, 202 : nimium or vehementiorem might be added). IRRITATION, l| As state, ira, &c. See Anger. (503) ITE His i. is subsiding, Ira discedit, defervescit, deflagrat : in a moment of i., ira. victus ; or only per iram ; ira. \\As act (1) of making angry, irritatio animi cs (the exciting or irritating aby's mind) ; or Crcl. with verbs under Irritate. (2) As act of physically exciting athg (e.g. wounds, nerves, $c), inflam- matiu (of a wound: it is not found in this sense, but infi immare is, and inflammatio is used by C). IRRUPTION, irruptio (of enemies, wild-beasts, fyc). — incursio (a sudden i. of enemies into a territory). To make an i., irruptionem facere (C.) ; incursionem (hos- tiiiter. L ) facere (into a territory, in fines). ISINGLASS, ichthyocolla. ISL AN D, insula. Small i., parva insula : a group ofi.'s, insulae complures : also insulae only, if the group is named; e.g. Strophades insulae. Full of i.'s, * in- sularum plenus. ISLANDER, insulanus (C.).— insulae incola. The i.'s, also insula (s. Np. Milt. 7, 1). ISLE, insula. ISLET, parva insula. ISSUE, \\ Act of flowing out, fluxio (act of flow- ing, C). — profluvium (poet, and post-Aug.). — pro- fusio (post-Aug.). — eruptio (med. t.t. \as concrete term] for any discharge of morbid matter, Plin.). An i. of blood, profusio sanguinis (Cels.) ; profluvium sanguinis (Lucr., Col.) ; fluxio sanguinis (Plin). \\An artificial i. (chirurg. t. t.), *fonticuIus. To open an i., *fonticulum aperire, quo corruptus humor exeat ; or * fonticulo aperto evocare corruptum humorem (evoc. corr. bum., Cels.). || The sending forth an order, fyc, prorjunciatio(G'uni aerarii). To be aj., judicem esse; in any matter, de qa re; judicem sedere; judicium exercere; judicio praeesse : to appoint aby a j., qm judicem constituere: to have aby for j., qm judicem habere: to bring a cause, fyc, before a j., rem ad judicem deferre. || Impropr.) || Critic, one who pronounces a sound judgement on any subject, judex criticus, or criticus only, or, fm con- text, judex. — aestimator (so far as he estimates the value of a production). — existimator (so far as after such valu- ation he pronounces his sentence: existimator est judex ; aestimator qui pretium constituit, res inter se componit, ut quid praeferendum, quid posthabendum sit, intelli- gat ; Gronov.). Jn. aestimator et judex. A j. of poetry, judex poetarum. carminum aestimator : a j. of the arts, artium judex : an accomplished and cri- tical j. of the arts, subtilis judex et callidus (H. Sat. 2, 7, 101). JUDGE, v. judicare (qd or de qa re, or de qo). — dijudicare qd (to j. athg decisively; to decide athg). — facere judicium cs rei, or de qa, re, or de qo (to pro- nounce an opinion). — aestimare qd. existimare de qo or de re (the former is to value, estimate; existimare, on the other hand, after having properly weighed the value of alhg, to form and pronounce a judgement in JUD accordance with it respecting its various relations). To j. according to equity, ex aequo judicare : to j. with impartial strictness, acrem se praebere cs rei judicem : to j. impartially, sine odio et sine invidia judicare : to j. of others by oneself, de aliis ex se conjecturam facere; ex se de aliis judicare {aft. Np. Ep. 6, 2). To j. for oneself, suo judiciouti; suum judicium adhibere: let others j. for themselves, hoc alii videant : / am not able {authorized, $c.) to j. of this, hoc non est mei ju- dicii (because it does not become me); hoc procul est a meojudicio (I do not understand such matters). \\To deem; to think, vid. JUDGEMENT, s. I) judicium {propr., a judicial decision founded upon positive enactments ; hence g. I., a decision grounded upon a deliberate view or estimate). • — arbitrium {propr., the sentence of an umpire, founded upon a sense of right or equity ; hence g. t. for the decision of one's j., free choice, fyc). — decretum {the final decree of the emperor, after an appeal to him). — sententia {an opinion wch one forms or pronounces, either in common life or as a senator or magistrate). Often rendered by Crcl. with sentire {e. g. negligere quid quisque de se sentiat; judices quod sentiunt, libere judicant). — existimatio {an opinion formed upon a deliberate estimate of the value of athg). An impartial j., judicium liberius : to pronounce j , sententiam di- cere (to declare one's opinion, whether as writer, senator, or even as judge); sententiam pronunciare {of the pre- siding judge, after the investigation and individual votes ; sententias ferre is of the individual votes of the jurymen, fyc): to form a j., facere judicium cs rei, de qa re, de qo : to give or deliver a j., sententiam ferre de qo or de qa re ( sg^y judicia ferre, for sententias ferre, Cic. Fragm. Or. in Tog. Cand., is unusual) : to give j. agst aby in a capital cause, condemnare or condemnare capitis : to reverse a j., rem judicatam labefactare : in my j., meo judicio ; quantum ego judico ; ex {or de) mei sententia; ut mini quidem videtur : to form one's own j., suo judicio uti {opp. aliorum judicio stare). IE) To sit in j., judicium facere {to appoint a judicial investigation, in a single instance). — jus dicere, agere {g. tt.).— judicium exercere {to conduct a trial; of the presiding judge). — quaerere et judicia exercere ; con- ventum agere {of an appointed judge, like our judge of assize, at certain times and at certain places; e. g., of a governor in a province) : to sit in j. on aby, judicium facere de qo ; on athg, jus dicere de re ; cognoscere de re {to institute an investigation) : it is not for me to sit in j. upon aby or athg, est qd non mei judicii ; non mea est de qo aestimatio {because it does not become me) ; qd procul est a meo judicio {because I do not under- stand it) : to forma favorable j. of aby, bonum judicium facere de qo ; bene existimare de qo ; an unfavorable one, male existimare de qo: to form the same j. of athg as some one else, de qa, re idem sentire, quod qs : to form one's j. of athg by athg, judicare, aestimare qd re or ex re ; existimare ex re, de re [Syn. in Judge] ; pendSre, pensare qd ex re ; ponderare qd re {to weigh one thing according to the value of another); metiri qd re {as it were, to measure out athg as the rule or mea- sure of athg, and to estimate its value accordingly). — qd referre ad rem {to bring athg into comparison with something else; e. g. alienos mores ad suos referre). The day of j., summum judicium, quod Deus faciet in hac terra {aft. Lact. 2, 12, 19).— extremum judicium {Lact. Div. Inst. 7, 26). || Discriminating intel- ligence, judicium {e.g. judicium habetqs; judicium non deest ci). A man of great j., vir acri magnoque judicio; qui habet intelligens (peracre, subtile, &c.) judicium. See Prudence, Wisdom. JUDICATURE, jurisdictio or jurisdictionis potestas. A court of j., see Court. JUDICIAL, judicialis {e. g. jus, causa, consue- tudo, genus dicendi, &c. C). — judiciarius (e. g. lex. controversia, C). — forensis {that takes place in the forum, fyc). Jn. judicialis et forensis. See Fo- rensic. J. or forensic eloquence, eloquentia or rhe- torice forensis : a j. sentence, sententia. || A judicial blindness, * mens a Deo suarum injuriarum ultore occaecata. — *ea caecitas cordis, quae non tantum pec- catum est, sed et poena peccati (aft. St. Aug.). JUDICIALLY, jure, lege {conformably to right, to law: e. g., to proceed j. agst aby, lege agere cum qo; jure or lege experiri cum qo). To declare or profess j., profited apud judicem or coram judice : to depose j., *apud judicem {or magistratum) deponere. JUDICIARY, judiciarius. JUDICIOUS, prudens. prudentiae plenus. — sapiens, —homo or vir acri judicio. qui habet intelligens judi- cium.— intelligens. (507) JUR JUDICIOUSLY, prudenter. sapienter. Very j., magno consilio: how j., quanto consilio : zealously rather thanj., majore studio quam consilio {S.). To act j., prudenter facere. JUG, s. urceus (g. t.). — hydria, or, pure Lat., situlus, situla (water-j.). See Ewer. JUGGLE, s. praestigiae {also impropr., a j. of words, praestigiae verborum, C). JUGGLE, v. praestigias agere. If = cozen, fyc, vid. JUGGLER, praestigiator (g. t., a j., so far as he deceives people ; see Ruhnk. Sen. Ep. 45, 7). — circulator or planus {an itinerant j., who earns a livelihood by all kinds of sleight of band, juggling, %-c. Respecting cir- culator, see Ruhnk. Sen. Benef. 6, 11, 2; respecting planus, see Eichstaedt ap. Schmid. H. Ep. 1, 17, 59. Circulator is frequently used as a charmer of ser- pents; see Cels. 5, 27, No. 3; Paul. Dig. 47, 11, 11). Particular kinds of j.'s among the ancients were pila- rius {one that practised with cups and with balls, Q. 10, 7, 11). — ventilator {a conjuror ; one who caused peb- bles, dice, fyc, to disappear fm before the eyes of the spectators, or passed them fm one hand into the other without being seen ; Gr. yj/ndonaiKTris or ^nilium inire : to con- spire together to k. aby, de qo interficiendo conjurare: to k. oneself; see 1 to commit Suicide.' || Impropr.) To k. the time, horas or tempus perdere. || Prov.) To shoot at the pigeon and k. the crow, ferire, quern no- lueris : to k. two birds with one stone, de eadem fidelia duos parietes dealbare ( = to do two things at once; Curio ap. C. Fam. 7, 29, fin.) ; una mercede duas res assSqui; uno saltu duos apros capere ( = to gel two advantages by one stroke ; C. Rose. Am. 29,80; Plant. Cas. 2, 8. 40). KILLER, interfector (e. g. tyranni).— occisor (only Plaut.). — percussor cs (he who strikes the death- blow). KILN, fornax. Lime-k., fornax calcaria: briclc-k., *fornax lateraria. KIMBO. To set one's arms a-k., alas subniti (Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 6) : with one's arms a-k., ansatus (as a jocular description ; Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 7); alis sub- nixis (ib. 6). KIN, s. See Relationship; Relation. KIND, s. || Class, including several individuals wch agree in certain frequently accidental properties, genus (a k., genus). — species (a single class of a k.): in logic, species, pars (opp. genus; see C. de Invent. 1, 28, 42): of the same k., ejusdem generis; conggner : to arrange each after its k., singula gene- rating disponere : to degenerate from its k., degene- rare : Theocritus is wonderful in his k., admirabilis in suo genere Theocritus: of this k., ejusmbdi; hu- jusmodi: of such a k., talis: of that k., iilius modi : of all k.'s, oranis generis. KIND, adj. benignus (in disposition and deed). — be- neficus (beneficent, mild). — liberalis (liberal). — comis (complaisant, polite, courteous). — humanus (philan- thropic, affable, engaging). — clemens. lenis (merciful, mild; see Graciocs). — propitius (that wishes well, of the gods, and, though seldom, of superiors toward in- feriors). A k. face, vultus hilaris, familiaris : a k. in- vitation, invitatio benigna, familiaris: to be k. to every body, erga omnes se affabilem praestare ; unumquem- que comiter appellare (in addressing him). That is very k. of you, facis amice ! Will you be so k. as fyc. ? see 'have the Goodness to' fyc. KINDLE, prop, accendere. inflammare (to set on fire; both words as well for the purpose of lighting, as for consuming). — incendere. inflammare et inoendere. succendere (to ft., set on fire, for the purpose of con- suming ; succendere, to k. below). — ci rei ignem in- jicere, inferre (to set fire to athg)—ci rei ignem sub- jicere, subdere (to set fire under). — ineendium excitare in qd (all for the purpose of destroying athg by fire). To ft. afire, ignem accendere (Virg. JEn. 5, 4); ig- nem facere (to make afire, as Cces. B. C. 3, 30, ignes fieri prohibuit, he allowed no fires to be made). See To Light; and for the impropr. sense, To Inflame. KINDLY, benigne. liberaliter. Jn. benigne ac h beraliter. comiter. clernenter. leniter. indulgenter (with indulgence; e.g. habere qm). [Syn. «'«Kind, adj.]— humane or humaniter. — offlciose. blande. To greet any one ft., benigne qm salutare: to address ft., comiter, blande appellare: to answer ft., ci respondere liberaliter: to invite ft., benigne qm invitare: to invite any one ft. to stay (when about to go away), familiari invitatione qm retinere : to receive aby ft., vultu hilari or familiari qm excipere ; as one's guest, qm comi hos- pitio accipere. KINDNESS, benignitas animi. henignitas (kind dis- position, wch also manifests itself by actions). — humani- tas (philanthropic, well-wishing feeling, wch shows itself in behaviour towards others). — comitas (complaisance, ourteousness, friendliness).— dementia, lenitas (gen- tle, merciful disposition; see Grace). — indulgentia (sparing and indulgent behaviour). — beneficentia (good- ness, beneficence, mildness). — liberalitas (ft. shown in acts of liberality). To show a ft. to aby, ci benigne fa- cere: to show much ft. to aby, plurimum benigni- tatis in qm conferre : to have enjoyed much ft. fm aby, magna cs liberalitate usum esse : to treat aby with ft., benigne or comiter qm tractare ; leni ingenio esse in (510) KIT qm: in ft., bona cum gratia (as Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17)j cum gratia (as Ter. Andr. 2, 5, 11); or per bonam gratiam (as Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33) : to admonish aby in ft., amice admonere qm : to do a ft. to aby, ci benigne facere. Will you have the ft.? see Goodness. KINDRED. See Relations. KINE, vaccae. boves. See Cow. KING, rex (also, as in English, may be used for any kind of president or representative of a ft. ; thus, in Latin, rex mensae, the president of a feast ; rex sacrorum or sacrificus or sacrificulus, the sacrificing priest, who super- intended the sacrifices previously made by the king: |§i»Jfr but regulus never occurs in this sense). — regulus (a petty ft., prince). The ft. of k.'s, rex regum (thus the Greeks termed the Persian ft. ; the Romans, the Parthian ft.): the ft. and his consort, reges: to be a ft., regem esse; regnum obtinere; regiam potestatem habere : to be ft. more in title than in power, nomine magis quam imperio regem esse: to make oneself a ft., regnum occupare ; regis nomen assumere ; regium ornatum nomenque sumere (of one who before was governor, fyc. ; see Np. Eum. 13, 3): to make aby ft., ci regnum, or regnum ac diadema deferre (the latter, II. Od. 2, 2, 22); summam rerum ad qm deferre. If = to elect aby ft., see To Elect: a person becomes ft., qs rex fit; qs regnum adipiscitur ; regnum (*r imperium) ad qm transit; summa rerum ci defertur: to be ft. or to act the ft., ducatus et imperia ludere (Suet. Ner. 35). I shall be as happy as a ft. if %c, rex ero, si &c. — \\ King's evidence, see Evidence. KINGDOM, regnum. KINGFISHER, alcedo (poet, alcyon) ; *alcedo is- pida, L. KINGLY. See Royal. KING'S BENCH, *regis tribunal. KING'S EVIL, «scrofula (scrofulae, Veget.). KINGSHIP, dignitas regia. KINSFOLK. See Relations. KINSMAN, || Related by blood or marriage, propinquus. cum qo propinquitate conjunctus [g. t.).— necessarius (joined by ties of family or office, sts = prop., of a distant degree of relationship). — agnatus (by the father's side). — cognatus. cognatione conjunctus (by the mother's side). — con sanguineus, consanguinitate propinquus (esp/y of full brothers and sisters). A near ft., arta propinquitate or propinqua cognatione con- junctus. cum qo conjunctus. — affinis, affinitate or affi- nitatis vinculis conjunctus = connected by marriage. See Relation. KINSWOMAN. See Kinsman (using the feminine). KIRTLE, amiculum agreste. KISS, v. osculari, suaviari, basiare qm [Syn. in Kiss, s.]. To ft. a person on his arrival, osculis qm excipere : to ft. aby repeatedly and heartily, qm exos- culari (to ft. aby away).— qm dissuaviari (to ft. aby's mouth, hand, cheeks, fyc, as it were, to ft. to pieces). To give aby one's hand to ft., osculandam dextram ci porri- gere; dextram osculis aversam porrigere (aft. Plin. 11, 45, 103) : to ft. aby's hand, manum cs ad os referre; dextram cs ad oscujum referre ; dextram aversam os- culis appetere: to ft. a person's hand repeatedly, ma- num cs exosculari ; dextram cs osculis fatigare : to introduce aby to ft. the king's hand, admovere qm dex- trae regis : to have an audience to ft. the king's hand, admitti ad dextram regis (aft. Curt. 6, 5, 4) : to ft. the ground, terram contingere osculo : to ft. one another, osculari inter se (poet, oscula jungere and labella cum labellis comparare): ft. Attica for me, Attica? rneis verbis suavium des. KISS, s. osculum (g. t., on the mouth, the cheek, or the hand). — suavium (a tender ft. on the mouth or cheek).— basium (a smacking ft.). To give aby a ft., osculum or suavium or basium ci dare; osculum ci ferre or offerre; basium or suavium ci imprimere (Mart. 10, 42,5; Appul. Met. 2, p. 119, 6); osculum ci applicare (O. Fast 4, 851); osculum ci ingerere (un- perceived, and agst the will of aby, Suet. Gramm. 23): to give one ft. after another, suavia super suavia cidare; spississima basia ci impingere: to take a ft., osculum sumere or capere: to steal a ft. from aby, osculum ci rapere ; suavium ci surripere : to blow k.'s to abi/, a facie manus jactare (Juv. 3, 106). KIT, \\ Large bottle. See Bottle. \\ Small fiddle, * parva violina. KITCHEN, culina. K.-boy, culinarius or puer cu- linarius : k.-utensils, instrumentum coquinatorium (Ulp. Dig. 33, 2, 19, § 12); vasa coquinaria. vasa, qui- bus ad cibum comparandum uti solemus or assolemus. vasa, quae ad cibaria coquenda et conficienda pertinent (vessels used in cooking) : k.-cupboard, armamenta KIT Hum culinae : k.-garden, tortus olitorius : k.-maid, *culinaria (*c. ancilla) : k.-dresser, *mensa culinaria. KITE (hird), milvus ; fern, milva. KITTEN, s. catulus felis. KITTEN, v. parere. fetum edere (g. tt.). KITTIWAKE, *larus rissa {Linn.). KNACK, || Toy, vid. \\ Dexterity; art of doing athg. See Dexterity. To have a k. at doing athg, (multum) valere in qa re (e. g., at painting, in arte pin- gendi) ; cs rei apprime gnarum esse ; cs rei esse arti- ficem. KNAPSACK, sarcina, mly pi. sarcYnae. — sarcinulae. To pack up one's k., sarcinas or sarcinulas colligere: he produced a book out of his k., ex sarcinulis suis librum protulit. KNAPWEED, *centaurea {Linn.). KNAVE, homo fraudulentus or dolosus or nequam. homo ad fallendum paratus or instructus. circum- scriptor. A clever k., homo ingeniosissime nequam. homo ad fraudem acutus : a thorough k., a k. in grain, veterator. homo totus ex fraude factus : to be a thorough k., totum ex fraude et fallaciis constare. KNAVERY. See Knavishness. KNAVISH, ad fallendum paratus (C.) or instructus (L.). fraudulentus. dolosus {all of persons or things). See Deceitful. KNAVISHLY, dolose, fallaciter.— improbe.— frau- dulenter {Col.). KNAVISHNESS, fraudatio {opp. fides).— faUendi studium. — fraudulentia {Plaut.). — fraudulenta calli- ditas {Gell.). — fallacise or fraudes atque fallaciae {con- sidered as an aggregate of knavish tricks). — malitia (=versuta et fallax nocendi ratio, C. N. D. 3, 30, 75). KNEAD, depsere. condepsere. — subigere {g. t. for or king up athg). KNEADING-TROUGH, magis {Marcell. Empir. 1; aul. Pandect. 12, 6, 36). KNEE, genu(propr.). — geniculum {impropr., anyk.- like bending ; e. g. joint or knot in reeds, fyc). To bend the k., genua flectere {g. t.); genua (flexa) submittere {as a mark of reverence) ; before aby, ci : to fall on one's k.'s, in genua procumbere, also procumbere only {whether unintentionally or not) : to sink down on one's I k.'s, in genua subsidere {Curt.) : to fall or throw oneself at aby's k.'s, ci procumbere. ad genua cs procumbere. ad genua ci or genibus cs accidere or se advolvere (L. — C. uses pedes rather than genua ; e. g. ci ad pedes or ad cs pedes procumbere, accidere, se projicere, &c.) ; prosternere se et supplicari ci {all as suppliant). — genua ci ponere et eum venerari. humi procumbentem vene- rari qm : also venerari qm only (to show him reverence): to lie at aby's k.'s, supplicem esse ci; ad pedes jacere ci (C. Verr. 2, 5, 49) : to embrace aby's k.'s, cs genua amplecti or prehensare. To kneel upon one's k., genu niti. || Knee of timber, geniculus. versura {Vitr.). — * erenu ligneum. KNEE-JOINT, genus commissura. His k.-j. is stiff, riget genuum junctura (0.). KNEEL, genibus niti (when one is kneeling down). — genibus nixum esse (when one has already knelt down). — genua flectere (to bend the knees). Kneeling, genibus nixus(Z.): kneeling before aby, ad genua cs procum- bens : to k. bef.re aby, ad genua (pedes) cs or ci ad genua (pedes) acctuere, procumbere, se projicere; ge- nibus cs se advolvere (as a suppliant); humi procum- bentem venerari qm, or venerari qm only (as a mode of worshipping or reverencing). KNEE-PAN, patella. — Poet, orbis genuum (0. Met. 8, 808). KNEE-TRIBUTE, «genuum flexura. KNELL, *campanae funebris sonitus. KNICK-KNACKS. See Trifles, Toys. KNIFE, cultellus (g. t.). — scalprum {a shoe- maker's k.). KNIGHT, s. eques. KNIGHT, v. * qm in ordinem equestrem recipere. K NIGHTHOOD, dignitas equestris.— ordo equester. equites (as body). To confer the honour of k. on aby ; tee To Knight. An order of k. ; see Order, s. KNIT, || Propr.) *acubus texere. \\To join closely: unite, vid. || To contract. To k. the brows, fronteni contiahere, adducere, or attrahere; su- percilia contrahere (opp. deducere, Q. ; but C. has superciliorum contractio). KNITTER, * qui (quae) acubus texit. KNITTING, Crcl. with • acubus texere [K. gives *opus reticularium]. A k. needle, * acus textoria: a k. basket, *calathus operi textorio (or • reticulario, K.) eervando. || Art of uniting; see Joining. \\Con- (511) , KNO traction. K. of the brows, superciliorum contractio (opp. sup. remissio, C). KNOB, tuber (any projecting part, esply on the body ; in modern writers also k.'s or lumps on plants). — moles (g. t. ; a misshapen mass). KNOCK, v. \\Hit, strike, pulsare qd (fores, os- tium). To k. athg with athg, pulsare qd qa re ; (if with violence), percutere qd qa re: to k. one's head violently agst a stone, capite graviter oflenso impingi saxo ; agst thedoor, capite illidi or impingi foribus ; (if voluntarily), caput illidere or impingere ci rei : to k. to pieces, per- fringere qd. See Beat, Strike. || To knock at, digito impellere qd (to k. at with the finger ; e. g. ja- nuam) ; pulsare qd (to k. violently agst athg; e. g. fores, ostium : the form pultare occurs with januam, Plaut. ; ostium, fores, Ter.). Some one k.'s at the door, pulsantur fores. To k. violently agst the win- dows, quatere fenestras (H. Od. 1, 25, 1). \\ To knock in, (pulsando)effringere, perfringere (as doors, windows). To k. in the teeth, illidere dentes labellis (Lucr. 4, 1073) ; dentes elidere (to k. them out). \\ To knock off (the top of a thy), decutere. \\To knock out, excutere (with shaking or violence) ; elidere (implying injury). To k. out one's eyes, oculum ci excutere, eli- dere: one's teeth, * elidere ci dentes (aft. Lucr. 4, 1073, where illidere dentes labellis, i. e., to strike in the teeth). — malas ci indentare. dentilegum qm facere (both Com. ). To k. in the bottom of a cask, dolio fundum excutere. KNOCK, s. pulsus (with gen. either of the thing vrilh wch one knocks, or agst wch one knocks : a k. at the door, pulsus ostii; also pulsatio ostii, as act). — percussio (a violent striking, as action : k. on the head, percussio capitis). — ictus (blow, thrust, fyc, wch injures or wounds the object). See Blow, s. KNOCKER {at a door), prps malleus. KNOLL, v. * campanam funebrem pulsare. KNOLL, s. tumulus. KNOLLING, * pulsatio campanae funebris. KNOT, v. nodum facere or nectere. KNOT, s. 1) g. t., any round, esply hard, rising on a body, a) On animals, nodus {g. t.). — articulus (in a joint). — tuber (a hardened swelling). b) In wood, on boughs, nodus, c) On a stalk, nodus, articulus. geniculum : having k.'s, geniculatus. 2) A k. that is tied, nodus (also as a star, and fig. = hin- drance, difficulty).— difficultas (fig., difficulty): to make or tie a k., nodum facere, nectere : to draw a k. tight, nodum astringere : to loosen, undo a k., nodum sol- vere, expedire (prop, and fig.). KNOT-GRASS, * polygonum aviculare (Linn.). KNOTTY, nodosus. A k. stick, baculum cum nodo (L. says baculum sine nodo). KNOW, scire (to possess full and accurate knowledge of athg). — novisse (to have become acquainted with, to be acquainted with ; hence also to k. per sons). — cs rei scientiam habere, qd cognitum habere (to have full scientific knowledge of athg). — non nescire. non igno- rare (not to be ignorant, that). — cs rei non ignarum esse (not to be ignorant of athg). — didicisse (to have learnt). — me non fugit or praeterit qd (athg does not escape me). — tenere. intelligere (to be aware ; to understand). — noscere (to make oneself acquainted with; e. g., k. thy- self, nosce te or animum tuum, C). — cognoscere (to be- come acquainted with, by the senses or by information). I don't k., nescio. ignore me fugit. me praeterit: not knowing that the dictator was arrived, ignari venisse dictatorem : / don't k. wch way to turn, nescio, quo me convertam : I don't k. what to write, non habeo, quid scribam (non habeo, quod scribam = / have nothing to say ; Kriiger). I don't k. whether or that ( = 1 am inclined to think; as a mode stly expressed affirmation), haud scio, an ; nescio an. ggp" If 'not,' or any other negative, is expressed in English, omit it in Latin; if there is no ' not' or other negative in English, insert it in Latin. I don't k. whether this is not the shorter way of the two, haud scio an haec brevior via sit: I don't k. that you can, haud scio an non possis. [It is not quite certain whether quisquam, ullus, &c. are ever here used for nullus, &c, Z. § 721 ; Kr. 520 ; but no student should ever use them, as their use is at all events rare and exceptional.) They hardly knew, whether these should be allowed to enter or not, de iis dubitatum est, admitterentur in urbem necne : do you k.? don't you k.? scin'? scisne? nostin'? I well k., bene or probe scio: I k. well that, non dubito, quin &c. (Np. here regularly uses ace. and infin.; see Prccf. 1,1.)- Ik. (in an answer), scio. teneo. As far as I k., quod scio. quantum scio. quod sciam. To k. for certain, certo or certe scire (certo denoting s ubj ective KNO certainty, the certainty of conviction ; certe, objective certainty, the certainty of the event itself) ; pro certo 6cire ; certura habere ; exploratum or cognitum ha- bere; certura est mihi qd or de qa re; exploratum or notum exploratumque est qd or de qa re ; cognitum com- pertumque mihi est qd : to k. on good authority, certis auctoribus comperisse : not to k. for certain, certum nescire. I don't k. what to decide, incertus sum, quid faciam ; in incerto habeo, quidnam consilii capiam : he said {in a court of justice) that he did not k., negavit se comperisse: k.that, scias ; sic habeto ; habeto tan- tum: you must k., scire licet (with ace. and infin.): this is all I k., non amplius memini {it is all I recollect); non amplius scio : to k. about athg, cs rei or de qa re conscium esse ; de qa re scire : to k. about aby, de qo scire or audivisse : to k.fm aby, ex or de qo scire; qo comperisse, also ex qo ; per qm {if an agent of one's own) ; ex qo audivisse : nobody shall k. it fin me, ex me nemo sciet : he does not let us k. athg about him, nihil de eo auditur ; literas non scribit : let me k., fac me certiorem; fac ut sciam : / wished you to k. this, id te scire volui : let me k. your opinion, fac intelligam, tu quid de hac re sentias : let all the parties concerned k. it, cmnes sciant, quorum interest. J wish to k., volo or cupio scire : he pretends to k. all about it, *simu- lat se omnia scire. || To know how = to be able, %c, scire : to k. how to use athg, qd tractare et uti scire. He does not k. how to be angry, irasci nescit : to k. no measure and no limits, nihil pensi neque moderati habere (S. Cat. 12, 2). || To recognize, cognos- cere : that no one might k. me, ne quis me cognosceret : to k. aby or athg by athg, cognoscere qa re {e. g., by manifest signs, non dubiis signis). — agnoscere ex re (e. g., aby by his works, qm ex operibus suis). — nosci- tare qa re {e. g., a person by his voice, by his face, qm voce, facie). || To be acquainted with, novisse. cognovisse. cognitum habere {g. tt. ; nov. qm, both to be acquainted with a person, and to see through him, to understand him ; e. g. novi ego nostros, C). — cs rei notitiam habere or tenere ( J^^p" it is better, prps, not to use cognitionem habere, as it occurs only in insitas eorum [deorum] vel potius innatas cognitiones habe- mus, C. N. D. 1, 17, 44). — didicisse {to k. athg fm in- formation received ; opp. ignorare). Sts vidisse. tenere. — intelligere qm or qd {with ref. to a thing = to un- derstand its peculiar nature ; with ref. to a person = to understand his character ; to be able to appreciate his motives, fyc. ; opp. ignorare). To k. athg thoroughly, cognitum or perspectum habere ; penitus nosse qd ; cognitum comprebensumque habere qd. To k. each other, se inter se noscere : to k. aby intimately, qm familiariter nosse : to k. aby thoroughly, qm bene, op- time, pulchre, probe nosse {g. tt. ; |^^"qm propius nosse, not Lat.) ; qm penitus inspexisse ; pernosse qm, qualis sit; intus et in cute nosse {Pers. 3, 30) — nosse tamquam ungues digitosque suos (Juv. 8, 232; to have a thorough knowledge of his character, %c). — pulchre callere cs sensum {to be well acquainted with his sentiments, feelings, fyc.).— qui vir et quantus sit, altissime inspexisse {to be thoroughly acquainted with his high-minded character, fyc.) : to k. aby thoroughly, qm penitus cognoscere; qm cognoscere et intelligere (c/. Veil. 2, 114, 5): to k. aby by sight, qm de facie nosse: not to k. aby, qm non nosse; qs mihi est igno- tus ; ignorare qm (seld. in this sense; as Np. Arist. 1,4; mly = not to understand aby's character, worth, Sfc). Worth knowing, cognitione dignus. dignus, qui cognoscatur. KNOWING, adj. See Clever, Intelligent. KNOWINGLY. See Intentionally. KNOWLEDGE, cognitio {the act of the mind by wch k. is acquired). — scientia {a thorough k., the result of mental activity). — notitia {the state of being acquainted with, whether the k. has been actively acquired or pas- sively received). We also find scientia rerum ; also cognitiones {but never scientiae) rerum. — Jn. cognitio et scientia. — perceptio {apprehension of athg). — Jn. cog- nitio et perceptio: k. of athg, scientia or cognitio or prudentia cs rei.— notitia cs rei.— intelligentia cs rei. — Jn. cognitio et intelligentia. notio cs rei {the notion one has of athg; ,e. g. notitia or notio Dei). — prudentia cs rei {the clear insight into a thing). — expleta rerum com- prehensio (certain k.). — memoria praeteritorum {k. of past events or things). To have a k. of athg, notitiam cs rei habere or tenere ; cs rei scientiam or prudentiam habere ; intelligere qd : the objects of our k., ese res, quae sciuntur : our k. is never absolutely certain, certo sciri nihil potest : without my k., me inscio : without my k. and agst my will, me inscio et invito : with a full k. of what he was about, sciens ac prudens : athg comes to aby's (512) KNU #., notum fit ciqd; qscertior fit cs rei or de re: thelimited nature of human k., angusti hominum sensus : to attain to better k., *meliora or veriora cognoscere, perspicere : to bring athg to aby's k., qd in notitiam cs perferre {in a formal or official style of writing ; see Plin. Ep. 10, 27 and 32). — qm certiorem facere cs rei {to inform, apprise).— docere qm qd or de qa. re {to teach, to show) : theoretical k- of athg, ratio cs rei (e. g., of politics, ratio civilis ; of rhetoric, ratio dicendi): ' general k.' is ex- pressed in Latin by cognitio, scientia, with and without rerum; cognitiones ( Igg^" but never scientiae) rerum ; cognitio et scientia : general k. of athg, scientia or cog- nitio or prudentia cs rei: practical general k., usus cs rei : scientific or literary k., doctrina, eruditio {learn- ing ; see Learning). — discipllna {acquired by in- struction). — studia, orum {the studies wch one pur- sues). — literae. artes {the sciences, fine arts with wch one occupies himself); also literarum scientia {g. t.): deeper scientific or literary k., interiores et recon- ditae literae ; artes reconditae : to possess a k. of athg, notitiam cs rei habere or tenere. — cs rei scien- tiam or prudentiam habere ; intelligere qd {to have an accurate k. of athg; e. g. multas linguas intelligere). — scire qd {to know). — instructum esse qa re and a qa re ; doctum or eruditum esse qa re ; cs rei non igna- rum esse {to be instructed in athg). — perltum esse cs rei (to be experienced in athg): to be superior to aby in one's k. of athg, melius scire de re (e. g. de legibus in- st ituen dis) : to have exact k. in athg, qd penitus nosse ( !$3|r but not habitare in qa re) : to have no k of or in athg, qd nescire ; qd ignorare ; cs rei ignarum esse : to have only a superficial k. of or in athg, primoribus labris or leviter attigisse qd ; primis labris gustasse qd : to have not even a superficial k. of athg, qa re ne imbu- tum quidem esse : to have not an accurate, but only a superficial k. of athg, qa re se non perfudisse, sed in- fecisse (Sen. Ep. 110, 8). KNOWN, notus. cognftus (brought info experience, 6tdirvpip.os). — contestatus {believed, warranted, virtus, C. Flacc. 11, 25). — nobilis (k. in the world, k. among men by fame, service, knowledge) : cmly k., omnibus notus ; vulgatus ; pervulgatus ; also with the addition in vulgus or apud omnes (cmly spread abroad, drip.6- Opov?).— notus et apud omnes pervulgatus. tritus (worn out, as it were): to make k. ; i. e. a) to bring into know- ledge, palam facere, in lucem or in medium proferre. — aperire. patefacere (to spread abroad the knowledge of a thing). — aperire et in lucem proferre. denunciare (to declare, announce, esply war to the people on whom it is to be brought). — prodere. memoriae prodere (to make k. to posterity), b) To proclaim, declare publicly ; see To Proclaim, To Publish, c) To make or render famous, nobilitare (persons, places, fyc). — in lucem famamque provehere. e tenebris et silentio proferre (of a thing, deed fyc. wch makes aby k. ; Plin. Ep. 9, 14, both): to make oneself k., i. e. acquire a name or reputation, famam colligere ; gloriam acquirere : to make alhg k. to aby, propo- nere ci qd {e. g. cs voluntatem). — perferre qd in cs notitiam (to bring to aby's knowledge ; Plin. Ep. 10, 15). — certiorem facere qm de re or cs rei ; also by writing, per literas (to inform one of athg) ; by writing, per literas deferre ad ci qd or ad qm ; qd per- scribere : to become k. ; i. e. a) to come to be k., palam fieri (to become openly k.). — percrebrescere (to become k. every where), b) To be spread abroad by report, exire in turbam or in vulgus, &c. : to be k., notum. cognitum (#c, the adjectives) esse : to be cmly k., in clarissima luce versari (of persons) : he is cmly k. to bean honest man, inter omnes eum virum probum esse con- stat : it is cmly k., omnes sciunt. nemo ignorat. inter omnes constat. || Tried, generally allowed, fyc, cognitus. probatus. spectatus (tried, approved). — con- fessus (placed out of doubt, k.) : a man ofk. integrity, homo spectatus or probatus. homo virtute cognita. vir spectatae integritatis. || Well known, omnibus notus (of persons and things) ; notus et apud omnes pervul- gatus (of things); omnibus et lippis notus et tonsoribus (facete, H. Sat. 1, 7, 3, Heind.); omnibus passeribus notus (Prov. C. Fin. 2, 23, in.). KNUCKLE, s. articulus (g. t. for the smaller joints). KNUCKLE, v. See To Submit. LA L. LA, interj. {expressing astonishment) proh Jupiter ! proh Deum atque hominum (idem ! LABARUM, labarum (the standard of the later, esply Christian, emperors; Prudent.). LABEL, s. nota; rituius (with a title); inscriptio (an inscription). — {jggTpittacium, a I. on amphorae, only in Petron. (tessera is a tally ; tabella, a small tablet). LABEL, v. *notam apponere, or titulum inscribere, rei ; *rem nota designare : — quorum titulus per colli pependit (labelled), Propert. LABIAL, *litera labrorum. LABORATORY, *concameratio or locus coneame- ratus, ubi metallorum experimenta aguntur (a chemist?* I.) ; *officina medicamentorum (an apothecary's I.). LABORIOUS, |i Using labour, laboriosus (C. Np.).—\\ Requiring labour, laboriosus, operosus, laboris plenus (full of labour). — magni, or multi, operis (that calls for much labour): very I., immensi laboris, operis : a I. work, opus operosum ; opus et labor (con- crete) ; labor operosus (abstract ; exertion with labour). LABORIOUSLY, laboriose; operose ; magno opere, or labore. LABORIOUSNESS. Crcl. with the adjective. LABOUR, || Work, toil, opera, opus (the former expresses free-will and resolution, and is mly used of the activity of free persons, whereas opus does not include the will, and is almost always used of animals, slaves, or soldiers). — labor (pains or trouble arising fm exer- tion at the full strain of one's powers ; hence, L. 21, 27, operis labore fessus ; hence also opera et labor are fre- quently connected). — occupatio (that wch takes our atten- tion). — pensum (a task, daily work, esply that of slaves spinning wool) : a day and a halfs I., sesquiopera : literary l.'s, studia : sedentary I., opera sedentaria: to undertake a I., laborem suscipere, sibi sumere, capere, excipere (to take upon oneself), subire or obire (to en- gage in) : to bestow I. upon athg, operam or laborem in or ad qd impendere, in rem insumere or consumere ; operam in re locare, ponere, in rem conferre ; operam ci rei tribuere : to bestow much I. upon athg, multum operae laborisque in re consumere ; multo sudore et labore facere qd ; desudare et laborare in re : to un- dergo or endure I., laborem ferre, sustinere, sustentare : to approach a I., ad opus aggredi ( £§g> not se operi accingere) : to keep any one to I., intendere cs laborem ; qm in laboribus exercere : to relieve or lighten one's I., levare ci laborem : to impose a I. upon any one, labo- rem ci imponere, delegare, injungerc : to call fm I., ab opere qm revocare (in Cces. the soldiers): to cease fm I., labore supersedere: to be in full I., operi instare : to take or hire men to I., conducere operas (labourers) or artifices (artizans) : to furnish men with L, homines in operas mittere: I. did not fail them for eight months, menses octo continuos opus iis non defuit : burdened with I., laboriosus; negotiosus : free f in I., otiosus : that costs much I., laboriosus : to be engaged in daily I., opere diurno intentum esse: I. accomplished is sweet, acti labores jucundi: not to spare one's I. in order to, %c., omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione niti (or eniti), ut, &c. ; contendere et laborare, ut, &c. ; eniti et contendere, ut, &c. ; eniti et efficere, ut, &c. : to spend I. in vain, operam perdere ; oleum et operam perdere ; operam or laborem frustra sumere : it is worth the I., operas pretium est: it is not worth the l, non tanti est : to enter into another man's l.'s, quae alii intriverant exedere (aft. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 4).— jj Toil, or force of nature in childbirth, laboriosus nixus ; aft. Gell. 12, 1, percunctari quam diutinum puerperium et quam laboriosi nixus fuissent. LABOUR, v. || intr. To wotk, toil, laborare: to I. at athg, elaborare in re (esply in order to effect). — operam dare ci rei (to bestow pains upon). — incumbere in or ad qd (to lay oneself out upon athg): to I. zealously at athg, animo toto et studio omni in qd incumbere ; multo sudore et labore facere qd ; desu- dare et laborare in re: to t. too much, above one's strength, laboribus se frangere ; laboribus confici : to I. (be busy) day and night, labores diumos nocturnosque suscipere; (of literary I.) studere Uteris ; operari stu- diis literarum (Val.Max. 8, 7, exlr. 4) or studiis libera- libus (T. Ann. 3, 43, 1) : to I. at a (literary) work, opus in manibus habere; opus in manibus est: to I. for the common good, incumbere ad salutem reipublicae ; ope- LAD ram reipublicae tribuere : to I. for the destruction of any one, perniciem ci moliri or machinari ( gggTImpera hoc tibi curse is without good authority). — 1| Tr. To bestow labour on, elaborare; laborare (C. H.) ; laborem in rem insumere, or ad rem impendere ; laborem in re consumere; perpolire (to finish with care). LABOURER, qui opus facit (g. t.) ; operarius; opera rare, usually pi. operae (handicraftsman, with ref. to the mechanical nature of the work) ; if for hire, mer- cenarius (with ref. to the terms, or motive ; pi. operae conductae or mercenarise). — 6§f° Cicero mly uses operae in a bad or contemptuous sense. — An active or expert I., operarius navus (opp. operarius ignavus et cessator) : an agricultural I., cultor agri. LABOURSOME, see Laborious. LABURNUM, laburnum, Plin. (cytisus laburnum, Linn.) LABYRINTH, labyrinthus (prop.) ; difficultates summae, res inexplicabiles, turbae (fig.) : to get into a I., in summas difficultates incurrere or delabi: not to be able to find one's way out of a I., e turbis se expedire, se evolvere, non posse. LACE, s. || Texture of very fine linen thread, *texta reticulata, orum, pi. : to make I. (with bobbins), *opus reticulatum et denticulatum (pistillis) texere : a I. manufactory, *officina textorum reticula- torum. — 1| A string, linea; linum. — || A platted string for fastening clothes, *funiculus ; or we may say ligula, wch Mart, has for ' the latchet of a shoe.' — 1| A stripe worn for ornament, limbus. LACE, v. || To fasten with a lace or string, astringere ; constringere. — \\ To adorn with lace, praetexere. — ggp" segmentates prob. means, set or bordered with thin plates of, fyc. — 1| To beat soundly, qm caedere virgis acerrime. LACEMAN, *textorum reticulatorum opifex (maker of lace) ; *qui opus reticulatum vendit (seller of lace). LACERATE, lacerare. See also To Tear. LACERATION, laceratio. LACHE, see Negligent. LACK, v. See Want. LACK, s. See Want. L ACK-A-DA Y, eheu ; heu ; hem. LACK-BRAIN, bardus ; stolidus. (stolo, Auson.) LACKEY, pedisequus (a pedibus, with or without servus, post-Aug. — ggp" The reading a pedibus, C. Alt. 8, 5, is not considered genuine). LACKEY, v. famulari ci. LACK-LINEN, pannosus ; pannis obsitus. LACK-LUSTRE, obscurus (dark) ; decolor (tar- nished, discoloured) ; hebes, hebetior, iners (of the eye). LACONIC, breviloquens (of persons); brevis (of sen- tences). — g*^~ S.i/mmachus says, laconica brevitas. LACONICALLY, paucis (sc. verbis); brevi; bre- viter. LACONISM, breviloquentia (C.) ; prps *astricta bre- vitas Laconum. LACOUER, s. lacca (t. t.). LACQUER, v. *lacca obducere qd; *laccam indu- cere ci rei. LACRYMAL, *unde lacrymae prorumpunt : I. fount, fons lacrymarum : I. gland, glandula lacrymalis or innominata (Kraus. Med. W'orterb.). LACTEAL, lacteus (lacteolus. Catull. Auson.). LAD, puer; adolescens : a little I., puerulus ; pusio. LADDER, scalae, pi. (ggT The sing., in this sense, is unusuul) : of or like a I., scalaris : the step or round of a I., gradus scalarum ; or simply scala (cf. Mart. 7, 19, 20) : the sides of a I., tignum scalare. LADE, imponere qd ci rei or in rem (e. g. imponere merces in navem); conjicere qd in qd (e. g. in plau- strum): laden, onustus; oneratus (e. g. with gold, auro) ; gravis (heavy with): laden with business, nego- tiis obrtitus, impeditus ; occupationibus distentus, im- peditus, implicatus : laden with debt, aere alieno obrti- tus, oppressus ; obaeratus. LADING, onus : a bill of I., Miterae mercium vehen- darum (or vectarum), ac vecturae pretii, indices. LADLE, trulla. LADLEFUL, we find cocblearis mensura, and simply coc blear for a spoonful; and so we may say, men- sura trull a?, or simply trulla. LADY, feraina (in respect of sex) ; mulier (that has already attained a certain age, whether married or not). — matrona (a married I., of rank and character ). — rio- mina (like the English m'ntress or miss, and the French madame or mademoiselle ; see Boettiger's Sabina, 1, p. 37. /. — gi^hera means prop, the mistress of a house.)— Of or belonging to l.'s, muliebris; matro- nalis. 2L LAD LADY-DAY, Annunciatio angeli ad beatam Ma- riam (Gregorii M. Lib. Sacr.); annunciatio Domini {Anastas. Lib. Pontif. ; S. Serg.); annunciatio Mariae; festum incarnationis ; festum conceptionis Christi. LADY-LIKE, ut matronam decet : — nkidus ; ele- gans ; venustus. LAG, v. tardare; morari; moram facere; cunctari. See Loiter. LAIC, laicus (Eccl.). LAIR, cutiile (gen., a place for sleeping or resting on). — lustrum (the place in wch an animal lives). — latibu- lura (a hiding place). — $^" stabulum is a stall, stable, where domestic animals are kept. LAITY, laici, pi. (Eccl.) LAKE, lacus : to live near a I., lacum incolere. LAMB, || The young of sheep, agnus ; agna {ewe I.): a young I., agnellus: a sucking I., agnus lac- tens or nondum a matre depulsus (called by rustics, agnus subrumus) : of a I., agnlnus : as patient as a I., ♦placidior agno : my I. ! (term of endearment) mi pulle ! — 1| The flesh of a lamb, the meat, agnina (sc. caro): roast I., *assum agninum. LAMB, v. agnum edere (Varr.). LAMB'S WOOL, *lana agnina. LAMBENT, qui lambit (e, g. tactuque innoxia molli lambere flaiuma comas, Virg. JEn. 2, 684). LAMBKIN, agnellus. LAME, adj. || Propr. debilis (gen. infirm, with an abl. of the part; e. g., I. in the hip, coxa debilis; in the hands and feet, debilis manibus pedibusque). — claudus {I. in one foot). — mancus (esply I. in the right hand) : I. in every limb, mancus et omnibus membris captus ac debilis : to be I., claudum esse ; claudicare. — || Fig. claudicans (hobbling, limping, of a speech, S^c.) ; vanus, ineptus (foolish, silly) ; non Justus, non idoneus (un- suitable) : to be I., claudere (C. ; claudere, S. Gell. So Freund.). LAME, v. clauditatem or claudicationem afferre (to occasion lameness, of disease, and of other things); qra or qd debilitare ; qm debilem facere ; qm claudum, rnancum facere (of persons and things ; see the adj.). LAMELY. Crcl. with adjective. LAMENESS, debilitas ; clauditas (in one fool) ; claudicatio (C. ; but rare). LAMENT, v. defiere; deplorare, complorare (to I. greatly, or aloud; complorare, esply of several): to I. the death of any one, complorare cs mortem; de morte cs flere ; cs morti illacrimari; cs mortem cum fietu deplorare: to I. a deceased person, lacrimis justoque comploratu prosequi mortuum (of hired mourners, fyc. at a funeral; L. 25, 26) : to I. the living as well as the dead, complorare omnes, pariter vivos mortuosque : to I. for oneself and one's country, complorare se patriam- que (cf. L. 2, 40): to I. one's misfortunes, deplorare de suis incomrnodis. LAMENTABLE, defiendus; flebilis ; deplorandus (much to be bewailed) ; luctuosus (mournful, full of sad events); miserandus; miserabilis (miserable): in a I. manner, flebiliter: a I. voice, vox flebilis (C). LAMENTABLY, miserabiliter ; miserandum in modum; flebiliter. LAMENTATION, lamentatio, lamentum; questus, querimonia, querela ; plangor, planctus ; Jn. plangoret lamentatio ; queritatus ; vagitus ; gemitus ; Jn. gemitus et lamentatio [Syn. in Complaint]. — To make /., lamentari; about athg, queri or conqueri qd, or de re; to any one, cum qo. LAMMAS-DAY (Aug. 1), *festum Petri ad vincula; •Petrus ad vincula; more rarely festum catenarum Petri : at latter Lammas (i. e. never), ad Graecas Ca- lendas. LAMP, lucerna; lychnus ; d§p°lampas, poet.) a little I., lucernula (late): a I. stand, lychnuchus: a I. with two burners, lucerna bilychnis (Petr.) : to put oil into a I., instillare oleum lumini (C.) : to light a I., lucernam accendere (Phcedr.): the wick of a I., I. cot- ton, ellychnium (Plin.): I. oil, *oleum quod in lumen, or in usum lumini*, urltur (aft. Virg. Mn. 7, 13; T. Ann. 15, 44, 4). LAMP-BLACK, *fuligo pinea. LAMPOON, s. carmen famosum or probrosum ; carmen quod infamiam facit /lagitiumve alteri (C. de Rep. 4, 10, 12); carmen rafertum contumeliis cs; elo- gium (if affixed to a door; Plant. Merc. 2, 3, 74) ; ver- sus in cs cupiditatem facti (C. Verr. 5, 31, 81 ; all these if the I. is in verse) : libellus famosus (T. Ann. 1, 72, 3 ; Suet. Oct. 55) : to publish l.'s, carmina probrosa vulgare. LAMPOON, v. carmen probrosum facere in qm ; libellum ad infamiam cs edere (Suet. Oct. 55); qm 2 LAN scriptis procacibus di ffam are (T.Ann. 1, 72, 3); malum in qm carmen condere (aft. H. Sat. 2, 1, 81). LAMPREY, *petromyzon marinus (Linn.). LANCE, s. hasta (g. t.). — lancea (Spanish; and car- ried by the prcelorians under the Roman emperors) ; cateia (of the Celts); gaesutn (of the Gauls); framea (of the Germans) ; sarissa (of the Macedonians) ; falarica (of the Saguntines ; the last five only when those nations are spoken of): sparus (a sort of bent missile of the common people). — The shaft of a I., hastlle : the head of a I., cuspii, spieulum, acies. — To break a I. with aby, hasta pugnare or certare cum qo (propr.); certare, concertare, contendere cum qo (fig.). LANCE, v. secare (to cut with a 1.) ; sagitta (scal- pello) venam aperire (to open a vein with a I.) ; sagitta venam percutere (to pierce with a I.). LANCER, s. eques hastatus (for wch C. uses the Greek doryphbrus, 6opv~ Latinum for sermo Latinus is barbarous). — literae Latinae (know- ledge of L. literature): good L., sermo Latinus: pure L., sermo purus et Latinus ; sermo emendatus ; oratio emendata ; incorrupta Latini sermonis integritas : elegant L., sermo elegans ; sermonis elegantia (see Ernesti Lex. Techn. p. 143 sq.); sermonis (Latini), verborum (Latinorum) elegantia (in respect of the choice of words, %c, see Ernesti, I. c. p. 145): bad L., sermo parum or minus Latinus: yourL. is good, in te est ser- mo Latinus (gen.); bene lingua Latina uteris (you speak good L.) : to possess a great knowledge of L., *excellere literarum Latinarum cognitione (in respect of its litera- ture) ; Uteris et sermone Romanorum valde eruditum esse (in respect of the literature and language, aft. Np. Them. 10, 1): to translate athg into L., qd in Latinum (sermonem) vertere, convertere; qd Latine reddere; qd Latinae consuetudini tradere (so that persons in general can read and use it, Col. 12, prcef. 7) : to trans- late fm Greek into L., ex Graeco in Latinum transferre: to write or compose a book in L., librum Latino sermone conficere (aft. Np. Hann. 13, 2): to understand L., Latine scire, linguam Latinam callere, Latinae linguae scientiam habere (gen.) ; Latine (loqui) posse (to be able to speak L.) : not to understand L., Latine nescire (yen.);- Latine loqui non posse (not to be able to speak L.): to know, fyc. L. well, bene, optime Latine scire (gen.); bene, optime lingua Latina uti (to speak L. very well) : to speak good L., bene, perbene Latine loqui: to speak pure and correct Latin, pure et Latine loqui ; recte (Latine) loqui: to speak bad L., male, inquinate (Latine) loqui : to speak L. readily or fluently, com- mode Latine loqui (aft. Np. Them. 10, 1): a L. scholar, Latinis Uteris doctus, Latine doctus (that has a know- ledge of the L. language and literature) ; linguae Latinae peritus (that can express himself in L.) : a good L. scholar, bene Latine doctus (see above); bene Latine sciens (that understands L. well) ; bene Latine loquens (that speaks good Latin) ; bonus Latinitatis auctor (a good authority for classical Latinity) : he is a good L. scholar, in eo est sermo Latinus : an excellent L. scho- lar, vir in paucis Latine doctus ; vir Latine doctissi- mus (see above) ; perbene Latine sciens, loquens : to be an excellent L. scholar, *Latinarum literarum cog- nitione or laude excellere ; *admirabilem Latinae linguae scientiam habere : modern L. scholars, *qui nunc Latine scribunt. LATINITY, Latinitas (C.) LATINIZE, i. e. to speak or write L.; see Latin (Latinizare, Latinare, Ccel. Aur.). LAT LATITUDE, 8. R Breadth, latitudo : in I., in lati- tudinem ; latus : fig. that has great I. of meaning, (vox) late patens. \\ In geography, altitudo coeli; decli- natio coeli. LATTER, see Later, Last. LATTICE, cancelli, clathri {the cancelli consisted of laths or iron bars slanting upwards, with others laid obliquely across them; clathri consisted of wooden or iron bars, perpendicular and horizontal. The openings of the cancelli were larger and shaped thus % or * ; see Varr. R. R. 33 ; those of the clathri were small, and had the shape of a square #; the cancelli served for fences, %c; the clathri for smaller lattices, e.g. in win- dows, and were either moveable or fixed). — transenna (o kind of lattice-work of wire, so small that it could scarcely be seen through ; C. de Or. I, 85, extr.). LATTICED, cancellatus {furnished with a lattice) ; ad cancellorum, or clathrorum, speciem factus {like a lattice). LAUD, see Praise, Celebrate. LAUDABLE, laudabilis; laude dignus ; laudandus; commendabilis (L.) : most I., collaudandus ; praedican- dus : to be I., laudi esse. LAUDABLY, laudabiliter (C). LAUDATORY, in laudem cs (laudatorius, Ful- gent.): to be I. of aby, laudem ci tribuere ; laude qm afficere ; laudes cs celebrare. LAUGH, s. risus, us ; see Laughter. LAUGH, v. ridere {with the poets also, as in English, fig., e. g. to have a joyous or cheerful appearance). — risum edere {only prop.): to I. broadly, ringi: to I. vio- lently, valde, vehementer ridere, iniros edere risus, in risum effundi {gen.); cachinnare, cachinnum tollere {to I. immoderately or loudly) : to I. at any one, ridere qm or de qo; irrldere qm {to I. in any one's face) ; de- ridere qm {to I. at any one in the way of contempt) : I am laughed at, rideor: to I. at athg, ridere qd or de re : athg is laughed at, people I. at athg, ridetur qd : to laugh at or on occasion of any thing, arri- dere {absol. or with an ace us. of the pron. neut.): qd ridere {simply to I. at; §jg|r ridere ad qd is not Latin) ; risu qd excipere {to receive with laughter) : not to 1., non ridere; risum tenere, continere: to make a*iy one I. {see To excite Laughter) : to I. till one's sides split, risu emori ; risu corruere ; risu rumpi : to I. mali- ciously, in stomacho ridere (C. ad Div. 2, 16) : to I. in one's sleeve, in sinu or in sinu tacito gaudere (C. Tusc. 3, 21, 51 ; Tibull. 4, 13, 8); sensim atque summissim ridere {Gell.); furtim cachinnare {Lucr.). — gglT not cachinnari. LAUGHABLE, ridiculus ; ridendus ; deridiculus, deridendus {that deserves to be laughed at). — jocularis {droll): very I., perridiculus : to be I., risum movere; ridendum esse. LAUGHER, ridens; risor. LAUGHING, i| Prop.) ridens ; arridens {at athg). II Fig.) amcenus {of a landscape, 8>c); laetus {of a field of corn). LAUGHING-STOCK, ludibrium : to be a I., esse ludibrio, or irrisui : to make a I. of, ludibrio qm habere. LAUGHINGLY, ridens, risu {with a laugh); jocose (C), joculariter {Suet., jestingly). LAUGHTER, risus: loud, roaring I., cachinnatio (C. Tusc. 4, 31, 66); cachinnus : to raise or excite I., risum movere, concitare, excitare ; in any one, ci : risum cielicere {of persons or things which make one laugh, gi^f risus ci dare or praebere is rare) : risum ci excutere {purposely to cause one to laugh): to en- deavour to raise or excite I., risum captare : to split, burst, or die with I., risu rumpi, corruere, emori. LAUNCH, v. tr. || To hurl, jacere; conjicere ; emittere. || To move {a ship) into the water, (navem) deducere. To Launch forth, v. isir. ferri; profluere. — lon- gius progredi or labi {of an orator). LAUNDRESS, *mulier lintea lavans. LAUNDRY, *aedificium linteis lavandis. LAUREATE, «poeta aulicus. LAUREL, || L.-b ush, laurus, i, and us : *laurus nobi- lis {Linn.): of the I., laureus, laurtnus. A branch or bough of I., a chap let of I., esply as a reward of a cofiqueror, laurus, laurea {gen.): corona laurea {chap- let) : gloria, laus, honos (fig. fame, glory) : adorned with I., laureatus, cum laurea: to strive after the I., laureae cupidum esse; gloriae cupidum esse; gloriam quaerere: to acquire new l.'s in war, gloriam bello aug€re : to return from war covered with l.'s, victoriam daram referre ex {with the name of the conquered people). LAURELLED, laureatus {€'.), lauricomus («y moun- 5 LAW tains), laurifer {e. g. currus, juventa), lauriger {e. g. Phoebus, manus, faces. — are all poetical; laurifer is found in Plin. ). LAVA, a) liquid, massa ardens {after Juv. 10, 130); saxa liquefacta, n. pi. (V. Sen. 3, 576); ignis irri- guus (poetice ap. Sever, in JEtna, 28) : a stream of I., *massae ardentis vis; amnis vulcanius {poet.). /3) hard, prps, fm the context, *massa sulphurea. LAVE, see Bathe, Wash. LAVENDER, *lavendula (Linn.) : oil of I., *oleum lavendulae : I. water, *decocta (sc. aqua) lavendulae. LAVISH, adj. prodigus (of persons). — profusus, ef- fusus (of persons and things) : I. of athg, prodigus, effusus, in qa. re : I. expenditure, sumptus profusus : to be I. of, effundere; profundere. — |j^=p" prodigere, ob- solete, revived after the golden age ; to be avoided. LAVISH, v. effundere; profundere; conficere, con- sumere ; Jk. effundere et consumere (to consume or destroy b y lav ishing) ; abligurire, lacerare (e. g. patria bona) — Jggg" not prodigere, see the foregoing word. LAW. || Prop.) A fixed positive rule, settled regulation; Fig.) An impu Ise or force, or esta- blished mode of action, lex, regulator athg, cs rei or ad qam qd dirigitur (a rule or precept for athg, never without addition of the person or thing for wch it is a rule. — g^f pi. regulae is not Latin). — norma (a fixed rule fm wch one must not depart). — norma et re- gula, for any one, cs : the law of nature, lex or norma naturae : the eternal laws of nature, leges aeternae, quibus a Deo regitur qd : it is conformable to divine (natural) and human laws, est fas et jus ; est jus fas- que : it is contrary to divine (natural) laws, non fas est : the law of reason, norma rationis : the law of our existence, lex vitas or vivendi : the law of humanity, humanitas : to make a law to oneself, sibi legem statuere, scribere ; sibi imperare. || A general de- finite prescript, lex (of the state). — edictum (an edict or ordinance published by a supreme magistrate). — institutum (an institution generally considered valid, whether through compact or by tacit agreement) : stand- ing or existing laws, leges et instituta : the proposal of a I. as made to the people, rogatio legis : to plan out or design a I., legem meditari : to draw up a I. in writing, legem scribere : to give notice of the project of a I., legem or rogationem promulgare : to propose a I. pub- licly in the forum, legem ferre; respecting athg, legem ferre, or simply ferre de re (all three of the author of a I.) : to support a project of I., legem suadere : to propose a I. to the people, populum, legem rogare : the people accepts or adopts a I., accipit legem ; rejects it, legem or rogationem antiquat ; gives it force, sancit or sciscit legem : a law passes, lex perfertur ; lex valet (these phrases show the manner of proceeding at Rome in the enactment of laws; see Schiitz. Lex. C. s. v. Lex) : to draw up a I., legem condere, scribere, con- scribere : to subject athg to a I., sub legis vincula con- jicere qd : to enact a I. concerning athg, legem jubere or sciscere de re (of the people); legem or lege sancire de re (of the people and senate) : to make it a I., that or that not, SfC ; to command or forbid by I., that, fyc. ; ferre legem, ut or ne ; lege sancire, ut or ne ; sciscere et jubere, ut or ne (of the people) : to give I. for any one, make it a I. for any one that, Src, legem ci con- stituere, ut, &c. : to make laws for, give laws to, a country, leges dare, constituere, ci civitati, esply of a plenipotentiary, fyc. — g*|r legem dare, consti- tuere, absol., are not Latin ; nor is legem facere (a false reading, C. Phil. 5, 3, 7) in the sense of to enact or compose a I.: to impose laws on any one, leges ci (populo, civitati, &c.) imponere (of a tyrant): to pre- scribe laws to any one, leges ci dicere or scribere : to carry a law into effect, legem exercere (L. 4, 51, not barbarous, as Bremi, Np. Thras. 3, 3, supposes) : to destroy laws, leges evertere, or pervertere, or perfrin- gere, or perrumpere : to disregard, violate a I., legem negligere, violare : to evade a I., legi fraudem facere : the law admits it so far, lege sic praefinitum est: a book of laws, leges (scriptae) ; codex, corpus juris (e. g. juris Roinani) : to have the force of I., pro lege valere : with- out the sanction of I., sine legibus; legibus carens. LAWFUL, legitimus (g. t.). — legibus constitutus (fixed by law). — Justus (in conformity to or allowed by law): a I. punishment, poena legitima or legibus con- stituta : a I. debt, debitum justum (which one is bound by law to pay) : a I. marriage, nuptiae legitimae or justae : children of a I. marriage, liberi legitimi or justa uxore nati or matre familias orti (opp. to this, pellice orti): a I. government, imperium legitimum : in a I. mariner, lege (e.g. agere) : to act in a I. manner, legi- bus parere, leges sequi (prop.); officii preecepta mori» LAW bus ac vita exprimere (morally speaking, to obey the laws of duty). LAWFULLY, legitime ; lege. LAWFULNESS, use the adjective, or CrcL, e. g. ex lege factum. LAWGIVER, see Legislator. LAWLESS, || Acknowledging no law, exlex; legibus solutus ; legum vinculis exsolutus : to act in a I. manner, leges perfringere or perrumpere. || That has no laws, iegibus carens (e. g. civitas) ; sine legi- bus (e. g. populus). LAWN, l| An open space in a wood or park, •campus gramineus; *planities graminea; some say saltus — \\Fine I in en, sindon ; carbasus. LAWSUIT, actio ; lis. See Synonyn. and Phr. in Actios. LAWYER, juris peritus; jure consultus ; juris sciens; in jure prudens; juris interpres: a great or eminent I., juris peritissimus or consultissimus; juris scientissimus : to be an eminent I., juris intelligentia praestare ; magnam prudentiam juris civilis habere : to be reputed or accounted an eminent I., valde juris consultum vjderi. See also Advocate. LAX, || Prop.) laxus; remissus. || Fig.) laxus; re- missus [not strict); dissolutus {of loose morals: also with ref to passing over faults, opp. vehemens, asper ; e. g. diss, in praetermittendo [C. Verr. 2, 5, 3] : and of discipline, customs, #c). — negligens. officii negligens (careless of duty) : indulgens. perindulgens (of parents, Sfc). LAX, s. See Diarrhcea. LAXATIVE, adj. || That relaxes, laxans; laxandi vim habens. || Purgative, alvum solvens, resolvens, movens (JgSgT laxativus very late). LAXATIVE, s. medicamentum catharticum : to give a I., cathartica dare ; dejectionem alvi ductione moliri ; purgatione alvum sollicitare (to purge by lax- atives): a I. should be employed, dejectio a medica- mento petenda est : to act as a L, alvum movere, ciere, solvere, ducere, subducere ; alvum purgare. LAXITY, prps remissio (slackness, opp. contentio or intentio, propr. and Jig.).— negligentia (e.g. of our insti- tutions, institutorum nostrorum in disciplina puerili, C). — remissio animi ac dissolutio (used by C. of a lame want of spirit, but applicable to any sluggishness of mind). — lenitas (mildness, as preventing the due correc- tion of offences; opp. severitas, C. Cat. 2, 4). — or Crcl. with adj. — H$g^" Laxitas in this sense, Arnob. ; C. uses the word in t»e sense of spaciousness, roominess): I. of moral sentiment, animus dissolutus: I. of conduct, mores dissoluti. LAY, v. i| To put, place, set, ponere (g. t.); locare, collocare (to give a definite plan to athg, with choice or purpose) : to I. in or upon, ponere, collocare in qa re; imponere ci rei, in qam rem, or in qa re; ponere super qa, re ; e. g. wood upon the hearth (lignum super foco) : to I. under, supponere, subjicere ci rei or sub qd : to I. to, apponere, applicare, admovere ci rei or ad qd: to I. wood on the fire, alimentum dare igni ; mate- rial» igni praebere ; flammam materia alere : to I. the hand on the mouth, manum ad os apponere: to I. one- self down, cubare, decumbere (in order to sleep); ac- cumbere (in order to take food ; see Bremi Suet. Cces. 72) : to I. oneself down on or in athg, recumbere in qa re; se abjicere in qd (S^g^T not in qa re; see C. de Or. 1, 7, extr.) : to I. a foundation, fundamenta agere (C.) or jacere (C.) prop.; facere fundamenta, fig. (C): to I. an ambush, insidias locare, collocare, ponere; and see Ambush: to I. a plot, moliri qd, see Plot : to I. siege, obsldere (inchoative : obsidere = obsessam tenere) ; obsidionem (urbi) inferre ; operibus cingere: to I. violent hands on, manus ci afferre; on oneself, necem sibi consciscere : to I. waste, vastare ; devastare; populari: to I. a shoot, %c, propagare: to I. to heart, qa re moveri or commoveri; de qa re labo- rare ; qd aegre ferre ; qd in pectus, or in pectus ani- mumque, demittere. || To beat down, as corn or grass, sternere. || To keep down, keep from rising, sedare : to I. the dust (humum conspergendo) sedare pulverem (Phccdr.). || To give or offer, as a wager, sponsionem facere (C. ; with one, cum qo) ; pignore certare or contendere (cum qo, Np., to I. a wager) \\ To exclude (an egg) from the body, (ovum) par6re, gignere (C), lacere (Varr.), edere (Plin.), ponere, eniti (Colum.). \\ To spread (a snare), tendere (e. g. rete, plagas), prop, and fig. ; (avibus) pedicas ponere (V.). Lay aside, deponere, abjicere: to I. a. prejudice, opinionem sibi excutere radicitus — See also To Lay LEA Lay by, reponere, seponere; condere, recondere; servarc, reservare. Lay down. || Prop.) to put down, ponere; depo- nere: to I. one's self down, decumbere. || Fig.) to give up (an office), abdicare munus or (usually) se munere ; abire magistratu or honore ; abscedere munere (L. 9, 3); magistratum deponere (of magistrates). || Fig.) to advance (an opinion), sententiam dicere. Lay hold of, prehendere, apprehendere, compre- hendere qm or qd, by athg, qa re : to I. h. of with the hands, prehendere or comprehendere qd mani- bus : to I. h. of any one by the hand, manu prehendere qm. Lay in, colligere (to get together) ; condere, recon- dere (to store). Lay on, imponere. Lay open, || Prop, and Fig.) patefacere ; detegere ; retegere. Layout, || To expend, see Expend. || To plan ; see Arrange, Plan. Lay up, || To store, recondere; reponere; re- servare. || To confine; see Confine. Lay upon (as a burden, duty, c), imponere (taxes, burde7is, business); injungere (to enjoin); irrogare (to adjudge, a punishment, also a tax); imperare (to com- mand to furnish, e. g. corn, money; all with ci qd) LAY, adj. laicus (Eccl.). LAYER. || A row, stratum; stratura (laid upon athg; e.g. of dung, earth, ap. Pallad. ; seeSchneid. Ind. ad Scriptt. R. R. s. v.) ; tabulatum (when several things lie one on another) ; ordo (g. t. for row, e. g. lapidum) ; tractum, tracta (of a cake consisting of several layers) : to make a I., straturam, tabulatum facere: to put down a I., e. g. of gravel, qd glarea substruere. || A shoot or twig laid for propagation, propago (g. t.) tradux; viviradix (with the root); malleolus (without the root, esply of the vine) ; surculus (a set or slip) : to propagate by l.'s, propagare; traducere (of the vine). — 8§§P° not immittere, i. e. to suffer to grow, opp. amputare. LAYMAN, laicus (Eccl.). LAZARETTO, *valetudinarium militare. LAZILY, ignave ; pigre; segniter; socorditer (L.). [Syn. in Idleness.] LAZINESS, ignavia ; pigritia ; inertia; segnitia ; de- sidia ; socordia; Jn. tarditas et ignavia ; socordia atque ignavia; languor et desidia [Syn. in Idleness]; fuga laboris : to lead a life of I., vitam desidem degere ; propter desidiam in otio vivere ; nihil agere. LAZY, ignavus; piger; socors ; segnis; deses; iners [Syn. in Idleness]: a I. fellow, homo deses; homo desidiosus, or iners et desidiosus ; cessator (a I. slave, who neglects his work): to be too I. to do athg, pigrari qd facere (C): to be I., ignavum esse; laboris fugi- entem esse : to be abominably I., inertissimae esse seg- nitiae : to be growing abominably I., socordiae se atque ignavias tradere ; lanjjuori se desidiaeque tradere : don't be too I. to send me all the news, quidquid novi scribere ne pigrere (C.) : I. in doing athg, piger ad qd faciendum (e. g. ad literas scribendas) : I. in athg, piger ad qd \see Idle] : to lead a I. life, vitam desidem degere. LAZY-BONES, see lazy fellow in Lazy. LEAD, s. plumbum ; plumbum nigrum (opp. plum- bum album or candidum, i. e. tin); "Saturnus (with chemists) ; perpendiculum (a plummet) : of I., plum- beus (Ig^ plumbatus post- Aug.); rich or abounding in L, plumbosus : occupied or concerned with L, plum- barius : to fasten with I., plumbare (to solder) ; plumbo vincire (to bind or surround with I.) ; ferruminare plumbo (to close a hole with I., e.g. in a cup, scyphum); to solder with lead all round, circumplumbare. LEAD, s. ductio, ductus (guidance); administratio (management); imperium (command): under the I. of aby, ductu cs; duce, imperatore qo (as a general); du ce m agistro, auctore qo (as a teacher or instructor). — ESP" praesidium, in this sense, is without authority ; but we may say, to take the I. in athg, ci rei prae- sidere, or praeesse : to take the I. in society, praeire aliis exemplo ; auctoritate sua valere apud alios. LEAD, v. \\To determine the course or motion of a person or thing, a) without allusion to the place whence, $c, ducere, agere (gen. to put in motion, to drive forth) : to I. by the hand, manu ducere : to I. an army, exercitum ducere dgggT ductare is antiquated; see Q. 8, 3, 44); exercitui praeesse: to I. a dance, choros du- cere: to I. a procession, pompam ducere; pompae ducem esse : b) with specification of the place whence, whither, through wch, fyc, ducere; abdueere (to I. off or away); deducere (to I. down or away from one place to an- other); educere (to I. out from); from a place, country, LEA <£c., ex, &c. ; io a place, in, &c. ; adducere ad or in (to I. or bring to a place); perducere ad or in (to I. or bring to a place appointed) ; inducere in. &c. (to I. into a place) ; producere ad or in, &c. (to I. forward, I. out io a place; e. g. copias in aciem, copias pro castris): to I. through a forest, traducere sylvam : to I. to prison, to execution (or, to death); ducere in carcerem(in vincula); ad mortem ducere (see C. Verr., 2, 12, extr. ; Suet. Calig. 27 p. in.): to I into the right wag, ducere in viam: to I. back into the right way, reducere in viam ; erranti ci monstrare viam (both prop, and fig). Hence fig., a road leads to a place, via fert qo (is in the direction of it); via ducit qo (conducts safey to it, poet.): to I. to athg, i. e. to cause or occasion it, causam, fontem esse cs rei ; e. g. avarice leads to many vices, 'avaritia causa (fons) multorum vitiorum ; or *ex avaritia ma- nent (duunt) multa vitia. || To ind uce, adducere: to be easily led to believe, facile adduci (^^° not induci) ad credendum ; facile ad credendum impelli: / shall not be easily led to believe that, hoc quidem non ad- ducar ut credam: non facile adducar (J^f" not in- ducar) ad credendum. || To rule, guide, manage, regere, moderari, moderatorem esse cs rei, gubernare, Js. regere et moderari, regere et gubernare, gubernare et moderari (see Guide); administrare (to have the management of athg) ; ci rei praeesse (to preside over, e.g. negotio, ludisj; principem esse cs rei (to be the chief, e. g. conjurationis) : to I. the public counsels, publici consilii auctorem or moderatorem esse : to be led by any one, cs consilio regi; qm or cs auctoritatem sequi; ci parere, obtemperare (see Listen): to be led by athg, qd sequi; qa re moveri (e. g. by moral good, hones o). || In music, praeire voce (in singing); prae- ire ac praemonstrare modulos (in instrumental music). LEADEN, plumbeus (prop, and fig.); plumbatus (prop, post- Aug.). LEADER, dux (g. t.). — auctor, princeps (that lakes the lead in athg). — qui praeest ci rei (a president). — dux belli, imperator, praetor (a I. in war). — praetor (of generals v:ho were not Romans, esply of Greeks, e. g. 0-Tpa.Tti-yos) ; doctor, magister, auctor (cs rei, instructor, teacher). — caput, signifer, fax {head of a party, I. of a con- spiracy, %c.) : the I. in a civil war (who gave the signal for rising), tuba belli civilis (C. ad Div. 6, 12, 3). LEADING, adj. primus (first); primarius (chief in rank, fyc): the I. point, caput; primum; maximum. — See Chief. LEADING, s. ductio, ductus (a I., I. forth; the former of the act, the latter of the thing ; also in the sense of command); deductio (a I. away to a place; e.g. do- mum): administratio (management, e.g. of a war): under the I. of any one, qo duce; cs ductu. LEADING-STRINGS, *fascia, qua infantis gradus instabiles adjuvantur; •fascia, qua infantes nondum firino poplite sustentantur. LEAF, s. a) Prior. Of a tree, folium : the leaves, folia, frons, frondes (foliage) : to come into I., folia emit- tere; in folia exire ; frondescere: to be in I., fron- dere : to have many leaves, in frondem luxuriare : full of leaves, foliosus, frondosus : like a I., (oliacgus : to take off leaves, nudare (arborem) foliis (to deprive of leaves) ; detrahere folia (arboris), stringere, destringere (to strip off) ; pampinare vites, or vineam (of a vine) : to be lighter than a I., folio facilius moveri (C. Att. 8, 15, 2). bj Fig. a) A I. of paper, scida or (not so good) scheda (prop, a strip of papyrus, of wch several were pasted or fastened together to form a sheet ; then a strip, or sheet, of paper); plagula (a sheet of paper consisting of strips of papyrus fastened together, twenty of wch formed a roll [scapus), Plin. 13, 12, 23); pagina (one side of a sheet, a page, wch was usually the only one written on by the ancients; then melon, for the whole leaf): on the back of a I., in aversa charta (Mart. — cliarta, paper, gen.) ; to turn over the leaves of a book, librum evolvere (^^° folium, in this sense, isnol Latin; see Linden, tit. lJuumvv. p. 28). Fig. / shall turn over a new I. to day, hie dies aliamvitam defert, alios mores postulat (Ter.). b) of metal, #c, bractea(a thin plate of metal); lamina (a thicker I. of metal, e. g. the blade of a saw ; then also a thin piece of wood for veneering ; see Plin. 9, 11, 13; 1G, 43, 83) ; tabula (the I. of a table) : leaves of a door, januae fores, or valvae. LliAF, v. frondescere (C.) ; folia mittere (Col.). LEAFLESS, foliis carens (having no leaves); foliis nudatus (having the leaves stripped off). LEAFY, frondosus (Varr. and V.); frondeus (V. and Plin.); frondifer, frondicomus (poet., Lucr. Prudent.). LEAGUE, s. || A treaty, fyc, fcedus (a covenant); societas (stale of being in I.) ; concilium (assembly of persons joined in I. ; then, those leagued together, e. g. LEA concilium Achaicum or Acheeorum) : to make or enter into a I., societatem facere, inire, coire : to join a I., enter a t., se applicare ad societatem, ad societatem accedere; there is a I. between you and me, societas mihi vobiscum convenit: violator of a 1., foedifragus; foederis ruptor or violator ; apud quem nihil societatis fides sancti habet : to violate a I., fcedus violare, rumpere or frangere; Jx. fcedus violare frangereque. || A measure of about three hundred English miles, leuca (Ammian. ; Fr. lieue). LEAGUE, v. societatem facere, inire, coire ; fcedus facere cum qo, or icere, ferire (C), componere or pan- gere (V.). LEAGUER, obsidio ; obsidium. LEAK, s. rima : to spring a I., rimas agere. LEAK. v. transmittere humorem; perfluere (Ter. Eun.1,2,25): laxis laterum compagibus omnes (naves) ac- cipiunt inimicum imbrem rimisque fatiscunt (leak; V.). LEAKAGE, *liquor per rimas elapsus. LEAKY, rimosus; rimarum plenus ; fissus rimo- susque: to become I., rimos agere: to be I., (omnibus) compaginibus aquam accipere ; plurimis locis laxari ccepisse (to open in many places) ; sentinam trahere : a ship is I., alveus navis haurit aquas (poet.) : I. ship, quassae naves. LEAN, adj. exilis (applicable to any material body, as thin, poor, weak : opp. uber). — macer (dry, lean : opp. pinguis : esply of animal bodies) : Jn. macer et exilis. — gracilis (thin, esply of animal bodies: opp. opimus, obe- sus). — tenuis (thin, applicable to bodies of any kind : opp. crassus).— Obs. exilis and macer relate to thinness with ref. to poverty of internal substance ; gracilis and tenuis have ref. to external form, either indifferently or with praise (the two last are thin rather than lean). — To grow I., m&cescere, emacescere : to make I., facere maciem: tomakeaby I., facere (ut) macrescat qs: some- what I., macilentus: a I. and hungry soil, solum sterile, exile, or aridum : an extremely I. man, homo vegrandi macie torridus (CO- LEAN, v. || Tr. to cause athg to recline agst another, acclinare, applicare qd ci rei or ad qd : to I. a ladder agst a wall, scalas ad murum applicare. || Intr. to slope, fastigatum esse: acciivem or declivem esse: to I. agst athg, acclinari ci rei, se acclinare ci rei, ad or in qd, applicari or se applicare ci rei or ad qd : to I. upon, ci rei or in qd or in qo inniti, ci rei or in qd incumbere (to support one's self on athg) ; reclinari in qd (to I. with one's back agst or on athg) : to I. upon a staff, baculo incumbere, inniti : to I. upon the elbows, in cubitum inniti : to I. upon aby, se acclinare in qm (0. Met. 5, 72) ; niti qo, inniti in qm. LEANNESS. || Thinness, macies (as state); macri- tudo (as permanent condition, Plaut.); macritas (as property); gracilitas (slender ness). || Barrenness, sterilitas. LEAP, s. saltus: to take a 1., saltum dare (0.); saltu uti (C). LEAP, v. exsilire; exsultare : to I. with joy, gaudio exsilire; gaudio or laetitia exsultare: my heart leaped (for joy), cor meum coepit in pectus emicare (Plaut. Aul. 4, 3, 4): to I. down, desilire ex or de re l@gj|r rarely with a simple ablat. in prose ; see Drak. L. '65, 34, 10): to I. to or upon, assilire ad qd, or ci rei (assul- tare post- A ug. ). LEAP-YEAR, annus intercalaris (Plin.). LEARN, v. discere (g. t.). — g£j£" ediscere in this sense is poet. — cognoscere (to endeavour to gain an in- sight into): io I. by heart, ad verbum ediscere (librum, versus, &c); memoriae mandare, tradere, infigere : to I. an art, a language, fyc, artem, linguam, &c, discere (^mI ediscere). — to I. accurately, or thoroughly, peruiscere: to be still learning (in addition), addiscere (B§P° never = to I.): to I. quickly, celeriter arripere qd : to I. slowly, tarde percipere qd : to I. athg fm or of any one, discere qd ab qo or apud qm: to be quick at learning, facilem cognitionem habere; facilem esse addiscendum: to have learnt athg, qd didicisse, qd cognitum or perceptum habere (to have attained a know- ledge of); doctum esse qd (to have brcn taught athg): I never leave you without having learnt so m eth in g, nu m- quam accedo, quin abs te doctior abeam. — |$2Jp° To I., followed by an infinitive, when employed as an exple- tive, is frequently omitted in Latin; as, he did this that they might I. to fear him, fecit hoc, ut euin revererentur. LEARNED, || That possesses learning; of persons, doctus, doctrina instructus (well taught in any thing); eruditus. Uteris eruditus, eruditione ornatus (of scholastic or literary attainments) : Jn. doctus atque eruditus ; literatus (esply in philology and history) ; Uteris tinctus (ivell read). Very I., perdoctus; per- LEA eruditus ; doctus atque imprimis eruditus ; mire or doctissime eruditus; exquisita doctrina pereruditus; praeclara eruditione at:me doctrina ornatus; in quo sunt plurimae liters: to be very I., multa doctrina esse : tolerably I., satis literatus : not very I., niediocriter a doctrina instructus : a I. man, vir doctus ; homo eru- ditus, &c. ; literator (originally = homo literatus ; in the silv. age, sometimes one who possessed slightly the property of the literatus ; see Suelon. Gramm. 4 ; some- times a person engaged in teaching language, see Gell. 16, 6) : a thoroughly I. man, vir perfecta eruditione ; vir perfecte planeque eruditus : a generally I. man, homo omni hberali doctrina politus ; homo omni doc- trina eruditus : to be the first among I. men, doctrinse studiis principem esse : ike I. vwrld. docti homines, or simply docti (opp. agrestes>; eruditi homines, or sim- ply eruditi ; homines studiosi literarum : the. life of a I. man, vita literata (|]§p° docta is not Latin) : to be I. in athg, qd intelligere, callere, cognitum or perceptum habere; multum in qa re versatum esse (to be con- versant with) : not to be I. in athg, qd ignorare or ne- scire ; in qa re rudem or peregrinum or hospitem esse; cs rei ignarum or imperitum esse. || That relates to learning, literatus ; literarius (post -Aug.) : /. ma- terials, materia studiorum : a I. conversation, sermo qui de artium studiis atque doctrina habetur : to pro- pose I. questions, *subtilius quserere de re : I. leisure, otium literatum (fl§g§T doc turn is not Latin): the I. languages, linguae veterum (@gjir linguae doctae, doc- torum or literatorum, not Latin). LEARNEDLY, docte ; erudite. LEARNER, discens ; discipulus. LEARNING, doctrina (g. t. as the quality of persons; also that which persons know, the thing itself). — erudi- tio (as the property of persons, with ref. to general knowledge ; whereas doctrina refers rather to accurate and scientific attainments). — disciplinae (single branches of 1., the sciences). — literae (I., so far as it is derived fm written sources). — scientia literarum or honestarum artium (knoivledqe of books or literary documents, of the fine arts ; only subjectively, of the knowledge wch a per- son possesses. $£& It would not be good Latin to use scientia without these genitives of the object, nor to use scientiae for disciplinae : scientia means ' knowledge,' and hence can never be used without something to render it more definite. In like manner literatura is bad Latin ; it was used by the ancients only for 'a writing vii" letters ;' the signification of learning was attached to it fm a false reading in C. Phil. 2, 45, 116; see Orelii, N. cr.). — humanitas (liberal education, so far as it ro- tates to literature and the sciences). Studies wch pre- suppose varied I., studia quae in quadam varietate lite- rarum versantur. Without any /., omnis omnino eru- ditionis expers et ignarus. LEASE, s. conductio (in respect of the party who takes the I., C. Ccecin. 32, 94). — locatio {in respect of the party who grants the I., C. Alt. 1, 17, 9).— syngrapha (as the written signed document). To grant a I., locare ; elocare : to take a I., conducere ; redimere : to have on I., conduxisse, conductum habere : to make void a L, locationem inducere. LEASE, v. || To let on lease. See Lease, s. LEASE, v. || To glean, spicas legere. LEASH, s. || A thong, lorum ; habena (ihong bywcha dog, $c, is held); copula (by wch several dogs, fyc, are lied together). || Several animals held together by a thong, (canes) copula inter se juncti ; (canes) copulati. LEASH, v. *loro ducere. — *copulare ; *copula inter se jungere. LEASING, || Gleaning, spicnegium, LEAST, adj. minimus (smallest). — infimus (lowest). — ultimus (last). Not the I. doubt, ne minima quidem dubitatio : it is not the I. praise, non uitima or infima laus est : not in the I., nihil (in no respect) ; ne minima quidtm re (not even in a trifle) ; minime {bi; no means): I. of all, omnium minime (Liv.). AT LEAST, minimum (opp. summum. $gg° Not ad minimum).— certe (without doubt). — quidem (truly, at all events). — saltern (to denote a descending fm the greater to the less ; it has always a diminutive force). — tamen (yet; limits a foregoing assertion or opinion). LEATHER, corium (thick I.).— aluta (soft thin I.). To dress I., coria perficere (Plin.) : of or relating to I., coriarius (Plin.): as hard as I., *duritie corio similis. LEATHERDRESSER, coriarius (Plin.; coriorum confector late). LEATHERSELLER, «qui coria vendit or venditat. LEATHERN, *e corio factus; scorteus (made of LEC hides or steins ; hence scortea, sc. vestis, a leathern gar ment, Mart. Sen.). LEAVE, s. || Permission, concessio. permissio (concessu, petmissu in abl. only), potestas. copia. arbi- trium. licentia [Svn. in Permission], To give aby I., veniam, potestatem, licentiam ci dare ; to do athg, cs rei or qd faciendi potestatem ci facere or concedere ; licentiam ci permittere, ut, &c. — permittere, con- cedere ci ; to do athg, qd : to give children I. to play, pueris ludendi licentiam dare; to give aby free I., in- finitam ci licentiam dare : to ask or apply for I., veniam petere: to obtain or gel I., veniam accipere, impe- trare ; datur ci potestas, copia ; fit ci potestas : to have obtained I., habere potestatem, concessam licentiam ; mihi licet, permissum or concessum est : by your I., permissu, or concessu, tuo ; si per te licitum erit : by your good I., pace tua; pace quod fiat tua; bona venia tua liceat ; bona, venia me audies (if I. to speak is the thing meant) ; bona hoc venia tua dixerim (apologetic form for a frank declaration) : without my I., me non concedente, me non consulto: — me invito (if it had been applied for) : I. of absence, commeatus, us (prop, of soldiers, but also as a general term) : to apply for I. of absence, commeatum petere : to grant I. of absence, commeatum dare ci. || Farewell: to take I. (of visitors, fyc.) salvere qm jubeo ; ci valedicere (silv age) : to take a final I., supremum valedicere (t) : to lake French I. = to go away without taking I. of aby, qm insalutatum relinquere (cf. V. JEn. 9, 228) ; clam se subducere de circulo ; (also) = to do athg without permission, *venia a nullo data facere qd ; veniam non petere : to take I. of the world (i. e. to die), renuntiare vitas (Suet. Galb. 11). LEAVE, v. || To quit, desert, forsake, linquere (this word belongs, strictly speaking, to poetry, 'or a poetical style ; C. uses it only when his style assumes a poetical or impassioned character, as in his speeches). — relinquere (to I. behind, aplace or person). — derelinquere (to desert, abandon). — cedere qo loco, or ex qo loco (to retire fm aplace with reason). — decedere qo loco, de or ex qo loco (to go fm a place where one's business still lies). — discedere a qo or loco, a or e loco (to go away, separate oneself fm a person or place). — excedere loco, or e loco (to go fm the neighbourhood). — digrediaqo, or deqa re (to depart fm). — egredi loco, or a or ex loco (to go out of).— deserere (to desert, leave improperly). Jn. relinquere etdeserere; deserere et relinquere; destituere (to I. in the lurch); destituere et relinquere ; see also Abandon : to I. a province, e provincia discedere (to go away for a Hme, with intention to return). — decedeTe provincia, or de provincia (to I. entirely, to retire fm the government of a province).— decedere ex provincia (the same; but with more immediate reference to the act of quitting the country): to I. school, scholam egredi (t& go out of the school). — divertere a schola et magistris (to cease to go to school) ; to I. house and home, de bonis suis decedere : the soul l.'s the body, animus post mortem (e) corpore excedit. || To reject, see Reject. || To bequeath, legare: see Bequeath. || To permit, sinere, per- mittere (permitte me in meam quietem, leave me to, Apul.). Leave oef, desinere qd, or with inf. ; desistere q& re ; a or de qa, re, or with inf. ; absistere qa re, or with inf. (not used by C.) ; mittere, with inf. ; finem facere qd faciendi, or cs or ci rei ; conquiescere a qa re; omittere, intermittere qd ; cessare, with inf. ; Syn. in Cease : to I. off a garment, vestem deponere : to I. off bad habits, vitia ponere or exuere. IJUT Sts the meaning is expressed by de in composition ; e. g., to I. off raining, depluere. Leave out (i. e. to omit, pass over), omittere ; pnetermittere ; praeterire ; silentio praeterire (to pass by in silence). Leave to, permittere qd ci or cs arbitrio ; re- mittere, whether, si; also by a turn with videre; e.g. whether pain be an evil, I leave to the Stoics, sitne ma- lum dolere, Stoici viderint : that is left to you, de hoc tu videris. LEAVEN, s. fermentum. LEAVEN, v. fermentare : leavened bread, panis fer- mentatus (Cels.). LEAVINGS, reliqua, pi. ; reliquiae ; quod superest, restat, or reliquum est. LECHEROUS, lascivus; libidinosus. LECTURE, s. schola, auditio (the former with ref. to the lecturer, a I. delivered ; the latter with ref. to the auditory, a I. heard. JgHT Lectio, recitatio, collegium, in this sense, are not good words). — To enter on a course of l.'s, *scholas academicas instituere ; scholarum in- itium facere : there is no I. to-day, *hodie scholae non LEG habentur : to deliver a I., scholam or praelectionem habere : to attend aby's l.'s, ad scholas cs venire, audire qm, ci operam dare: to I. on anatomy, de anatomia scholam habere. LECTURE, v. || To delixer a lecture, acroasim facere : to I. on a subject, legere, praelegere qd ; scholas habere de re ; scholis prsecipere qd, or de re : to I. on the Stoic philosophy , scholam Stoicam explicare. || To instruct insolently and dogmatically, *me- liora edocere qm, or fm context monere, docere, edo- cere only. LECTURER, acroama, atis, n. ; praelector {one who comments on a poet, &c, Gell.). ^0" Not anagnostes, wch means a person who reads to others at table. LEDGE, ora. LEDGER, *codex major. LEECH, || A bloodsucker, sax\gmsug& {see Plin. 8, 10, 10); hirudo {prop, and fig.); hirudo medicinalis {L.)i a I. sucks, hirudo sanguinem exsugit, extrahit {Plant.) ; hirudo plena cruoris {H. A. P.; that has sucked to the full). || A physician, vid. LEEK, porrum; allium. LEER, s. oculi obliqui ; oculi limi. LEER, v. oculis obliquis, or limis, aspicere or intueri qd. LEERING, paetus, paetulus. |gHT Not strabo, wch means squinting. LEES, faex ; sedimentum ; crassamentum {when thick). LEFT, partcp. adj. reliquus. LEFT, adj. sinister {on or fm the I. side, lxpicnep6<:) ; laevus {opp. to right ; hence also = awkward, unskil- ful, the Greek \cuor ; in the prose of the golden period more rare than sinister). |g§§T scaevus (o-kcuo?) in its prop, signification, left, is obsolete. The I. hand, sinis- tra maims ; lasva manus ; or simply, sinistra {opp. dextra) : to the I., ad sinistram ; ad lasvam ; sinistror- sus ; sinistrorsum {towards the I. side) ; a sinistra parte ; a sinistra ; sinistra ; laeva. {on the left side). LEFT-HANDED, manu sinistra promptus ; aft. manu non minus sinistra quam dextra promptus, Cels. 7, prcef. p. 409, Bip. — (scaevola, in Classical writers, is only a surname.) To be I., sinistra manu esse agiliore ac validiore {Suet. Tib. 68). LEG, crus {fm the knee to the ankle, the shin, Kv>)p.n ', of wch the larger bone is called tibia, the smaller sura; see Cels. 8, 1. — femur, femen, fm the hip to the knee, the thighbones ; the former the outer one, the latter the inner one) : thin l.'s, crura gracilia ; crurum gracilitas : crooked l.'s, crura depravata. That stands badly on his l.'s, male pedatus {Suet. Oth. 12) : to put one off his l.'s, supplantare qm {vTroc.) : not to I. in {e.g. into a toivn), qm introitu prohibere; ci introitum preecludere: not to I. into the house, qm janua prohibere ; qm excludere. d) To Let (go) over, admittere qm ad qd {e. g. qm ad capsas suas). e) To Let alone, sinere qm {e.g., I. mealone! sine me, or simply sine {in conversation, Com.) ; also omitte me {I. me go). || To put to hire, locare ; elocare. LET. See Hindrance. LETHARGIC, adj. somniculosus ; veternosus ; le- thargicus. LETHARGY, s. inexpugnabilis paene somni necessi- tas {Cels.); veternus, lethargia, lethargus {t. t. for the disease). LETTER, \\ A character of the alphabet, litera ; literae forma (e. g. eburnea) : the l.'s, literarum notae (C. Tusc. 1, 25): a large I., litera grandis {opp. litera minuta ; see Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1 9, 69 ; C. Verr. 4, 24, 74): with clear l.'s, literate (C. Pis. 25, 61) : capital I., principium nominis {the initial ; see Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 7, Ce est principium nomini). - - || That wch is written, scriptum {opp. sententia, as Auct. ad Her. 1, 11, 19; or opp. voluntas scriptoris auctoritas- que, as C. Cescin. 23, 65) : ace. to the I., i. e. literally, ad verbum ; ad literam : the I. of a law, verba ac literae legis: to keep to the L, scriptum sequi {opp. scriptum negligere) : the I. is of most avail, scriptum plurimum valet : I. and spirit ; see Spirit. — to write not a single I., nullam literam scribere {as an author). LET —II An epistle, literae (gggp' literae, in this sense, like all other words found only in the pi., must have a dis- tributive numeral, if any ; e. g. twelve l.'s, duodenae literae; not duodecim literae, wch would mean twelve letters of the alphabet. We should say duodecim epis- tolae, but not duodecim literae, in this sense). — epistola (as directed to a person at a distance and sent by a mes- senger). — codicilli (directed to a person present, or in the neighbourhood, a note, presents).— tabellae (the leaves of a 1. or note, melon, for a I. or note). A I. in one's own handwriting, literae cs manu scripts» ; chirographum : an important I., I. full of intelligence, liber gravis; epistola gravis et rerum plena : to write a I., epistolam scribere, exarare (with the stilus) : to write (send) a I. to any one, dare literas ad qm; literas mittereci or ad qm (J^fe" not scribere ad qm) : to write a very full or long I. to any one, epistolam efficere ad qm : to address a I. to any one, ci inscribere epistolam: to answer a I., re- scribere Uteris or ad literas (epistolam) ; Uteris or epis- tolae respondere: to conclude a I., epistolam conclu- dere : to conclude a I. with athg, epistolam claudere qa re (e. g. hoc mandato) : to fold a I., epistolam compli- care : to seal a I., epistolam signare, obsignare, signo suo or annuli sui sigillo imprimere : to put money into a I., *pecuniam cum epistola conjungere ; *pecuniam in eundem fasciculum, in quo est epistola, addere: to receive a I. fm one person to another, epistolam acci- pere ab qo ad qm : to deliver a I. to the party to whom it is addressed, perferre literas (epistolam) ad qm (S§§f° not dare literas ad qm, wch means ' to write or send a I.') : to enclose one I. in another, epistolam cum altera conjungere ; epistolam alteri jungere; epistolam in eundem fasciculum addere (|gg|p° not epistolam in alteram includere) : a I. enclosed, literae adjectae, or adjunctee (not inclusae): to interchange l.'s with any one, cum qo per literas colloqui or agere : I. -paper, plagula or charta epistolaris (Mart. 14, 11, title) ; a L- carrier, tabellarius; qui literas perfeit; epistolarum diribitor (one who delivers l.'s from the post-office) : l.-box (in a post-office), *receptaculum epistolarum : a L- drawer or case (for keeping l.'s in), scrinium episto- larum (Plin.). LETTERS, s. pi. ^learning, literae, humanitatis studia (C): a man unacquainted with I., homo lite- rarum et politioris humanitatis expers (C. Or. 1, 60): men of I., homines periti et humani (C): man of I., literatus (learned, erudite) ; eruditus ; homo doctrina, atque optimarum artium studiis, eruditus (C): the world or republic of I., docti homines, or simply, docti ; eruditi homines, or simply, eruditi (i. e. the learned). IgglT Not ci vitas literata or erudita ; nor respublica literaria, orbis literatus. LETTER, v. inscribere ; Uteris incidere. LETTER-WRITING, epistolarum commercium (Veil. 2, 68); ep. consuetudo (C. Fam. 4, 13, 1); ab- sentium amicorum colloquium (id.); mutuus episto- larum usus (Muret.); officium epistolarum literarum ( Wyttenb.). LETTERED, [| Learned, literatus; see also 'man of letters' in Letters. || Marked with letters; by Crcl. with inscribere ; Uteris incidere. LETTUCE, lactuca (Plin.) ; dim. lactucula (Suet.). LEVANT, oriens. LEVEE, salutatio matutina (or, fm the context, salu- tatic only) ; officium : when the I. was over, ubi salu- tatio defluxit. LEVEL, adj. planus ; cequus ; Jn. planus et aequus ; aequatus; libratus (Vitr.). LEVEL, s. || A plain surface, aoquum; aequus et planus locus. \\A mechanical instrument, libella, libra. || Equality, aequalitas. LEVEL, v. aequare. coaequare. exaequare (to make even with the rest of the ground). — complanare (to make flat by digging, fyc). — sternere (as the wind does the sea, poet.). To I. mountains, montes coaequare; montium juga fossuris complanare; montes in planum ducere [<&?&" montem subvertere (S. Cat. 13, 1) is not to be imitated] : to I. the soil, solum exaequare. LEVELLER, librator (Plin. Ep.). LEVELLING, libratio, perlibratio (Vitr.). LEVER, vectis (Cces.). LEVERET, lepusculus (C). LEVITE, Levita. LEVITICAL, Leviticus. LEVITY (of conduct), petulantia; levitas. LEVY, s. delectus; conquisitio militum (by force). A strict I. is enjoined, acer delectus denunciatur : by a very strict I. to raise as many as thirty thousand men, intentissima conquisitione, ad triginta millia peditum conficere. 11 LIB LEVY, v. |i To raise troops, %c. delecturn habere ; milites legere, scribere, conscribere ; milites contrahere (by force); mercede conducere milites ; mi- lites conquirere or conquirere et comparare ; militum conquisitionem habere (for pay). To I. an army, copias, exercitum mercede conducere ; copias, exerci- tum colligere, conficere, comparare (to gather, bring together): to I. corn, fyc, frumentum, commeatum im- perare : to 1. a supply of provisions, frumenti vecturas imperare, describere (in a country) ci : to I. contributions (in the states), civitatibus pecuniarum summas impe- rare; tributa indicere, imperare. \\To tax propor- tionately, in omnes civitates pro portione pecunias describere. LEWD, libidinosus ; furens in libidinem ; salax ; impudicus (of persons or things; e. g. versus: the former only of persons). LEWDNESS, impetus ad venerem ; libido. LEXICOGRAPHER, *lexicographus ; *lexici con- ditor or auctor. LEXICON, ^lexicon (XeftKov, list of names and words in alphabetical order) ; *onomasticon (a collec- tion of words and names arranged according to their matter. 2§gp° dictionarium, barbarous, of the middle ages). A large, copious I., ^thesaurus verborum : a small I., *index verborum: to undertake a Latin I., lexici Latini curam suscipere : to write or compile a I., *lexicon condere, conficere : he is to me a living I., mihi, quoties qd abditum quaero, ille thesaurus est (Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 2). LIABLE, obnoxius : to be I. to athg, ci rei obnoxium esse. LIAR, homo mendax; mendax. Call me 1., if, fyc., mentiar, si, &c. : a I. ought to have a good memory, mendacem memorem esse oportet (Quint. 4, 2, 91. Appul. Apol. p. 318, 32). LIBATION, libatio; libamen; libamentum. LIBEL, s. libellus famosus ; libellus ad infamiam C8 editus. — If it is verse, see Lampoon. To publish a I. agst aby ; vid. To Libel. LIBEL, v. libellum ad infamiam cs edere (Suet.); qm scriptis procacibus diffamare (T.) ; carmen probro- sum facere in qm ; malum carmen condere in qm (H. ; these two if the libel is in verse). LIBELLER, libelli famosi scriptor ; qui Hbellum (or -os) ad infamiam cs edit or edidit (aft. Suet.) ; male- dfcus conviciator (foul-tonyued abuser). LIBELLOUS, * quod infamiam facit flagitiumve alteri (aft. C); *in infamiam cs scriptus, editus, &c, famosus ; refertus contumeliis ; in cupiditatem cs factus (aft. C.) ; maledlcus ; contumeliosus ; probro- sus ; ignominiosus ; injuriosus. A I. letter, literae in qm contumeliosae ; epistola plena omnium in qm probrorum. A I. publication, libellus famosus (T. Suet. ). LIBERAL, || Bountiful, largus (that gives largely fm his own property) ; largitor (the largus, with a selfish or unworthy end in view) ; liber alis (the largus, when he gives fm good motives and with a noble end in view ; opp. prodigus, see C. Off. 2, 16, 55); beneficus, benignus (the former, kind in deed; the latter, kind in dispo- sition, but frequently for beneficus ; cf. C. Deiot. 9, 26) ; largus, beneficus, liberalis; munificus (that makes presents to others without reckoning on a return) ; Jn. largus et liberalis ; liberalis et munificus ; liberalissi- mus munificentissimusque ; beneficus liberalisque ; liberalissimus et beneficentissimus. Nut I., restrictus (C. Off. 2, 18, 62; ad Div. 3, 8, 8): too I., prodigus, efl'usus, profusus (that knows not how to observe mode- ration in giving) : to be I. towards any one, largum, iiberalem, beneficum esse in qm : to be very I., magna esse liberalitate : /. in money, liberalis pecuniae : to be I. with athg, largam cs rei copiam concedere : to be I. fm another person's property, largiri ex or de alieno : to be I. in athg, sumptibus non parcere in re : in a I manner, large; liberaliter; Jn. large liberaliterque ; benigne ; munifice ; Jn. munifice et large : to be too I. in praising any one, *praeter modum qm laudare ; *nimium esse in cs laudibus ; tribuere ci laudem im- modicam {after Pseudo-C. ad Brut. 1, 15, med.): to be loo I. in decreeing honours, in decernendis honoribus nimium esse, et tamquam prodigum. || Generous, ingenuous, ingenuus ; liberalis: bonus. The I. arts, 8fc, artes or doctrinae ingenuae, liberales, bonae. || Plentiful, amplus ; largus; benignus (H.). LIBERALITY, || Bounty, largitas, largitio (the former as property of the largus, the latter as that of the largitor; cf. C. de Or. 2, 25, 105); liberalitas. benefi- centia. benignitas. munificentia (Syn. in Liberal); jactura (connected with sacrifices; see Matlhice, C, LIB Manil. 23, 67). || Prodigal, profuse bounty, effusio, (towards any one) in qm (C. Att. 7, 3, 3, &c. ; also plur. C. Off. 2, 16, 56): to waste one's property by excessive I., inconsulte largiendo patrimonium elfun- dere. || Generosity, noble disposition, liberali- tas ; ingenium liberate {Ter.); mens liberalis (C). LIBERALLY, large; liberaliter; Jn. large liberali- terque; munifice ; largiter ; cum maxima largitate(C). To give L, munifice et large dare. LIBERATE, liberare re, or a re; exsolvere re; ex- imere re, or ex or de re; levarere; extrahere ex re ; eripere ex or a re. To I. fin slavery, servitute liberare or excipere; servitio eximere; e servitute iu liberta- tem restituere or vindicare. LIBERATED, ptcp. adj. liberatus; liber; solutus; Jn. solutus ac liber. A 1. slave, manumissus, manu- missa (that is no longer a slave); libertus, liberta (in respect of a former master); libertinus, libertina (in respect of condition : post-Aug. writers are not careful in distinguishing between libertus and libertinus, but this is not to be imitated). The condition of a I. person, libertinitas (JCt.). LIBERTINE, s. || A freedman, libertinus, &c. || A dissolute person, homo dissolutus ; homo libidinosus or intemperans. LIBERTINE, adj. dissolutus; libidinosus; intem- perans ; Jn. libidinosus et intemperans. LIBERTINISM, licentiamorum ; vita dissolutior. LIBERTY, libertas; w Freedom. LIBIDINOUS, libidinosus; lascivus. LIBRARIAN, bibliothecae custos or praefectus ; qui bibliothecae praeest; bibliothecarius (Aurel. ap. Fmntin. ad M. Ccbs. 4, 5) ; qui supra bibliothecam est ( Vitr. 7, prcef. 5) ; a bibliotheca (Inscr.). To be a I., bibliothecae praeesse ; supra bibliothecam esse : to be any one's I., bibliothecam cs tractare ; esse atbibliotheca cs (Inscr.) : the office of a librarian, bibliothecae cura. LIBRARY, bibliotheca (the collection or the place). A respectable, good I., bona librorum copia (poet.): a small I., bibliothecula (Symm. Ep. 4, 18): a costly I., bibliotheca multorum numorum : to form a I., biblio- thecam instituere : to form a perfect I., bibliothecam supplere : to arrange a I., libros disponere ; bibliothe- cam ordinare (Suet. Gramm. 12) : to be over a I., biblio- thecae praeesse ; bibliothecam tractare : we sat down in the I. of the Lyceum, in bibliotheca, quae in Lyceo est, assedimus: to shut up oneself in one's I., abdere se in bibliothecam. LIBRATE. see Balance, v. LIBRATION, see Balance, s. LICENSE, || Exorbitant liberty, contempt of restraint, licentia; licentia Hberior or effusa; libertas nimia (C). || Permission, licentia; venia; see Leave. LIC ENSE, auctoritatem ci dare or tribuere. LICENTIATE, *licentiatus. LICENTIOUS, intemperans; dissolutus; effrenatus (jpoet. effrenus) ; lascivus ; petulans ; effusus. LICENTIOUSLY, intemperanter ; effrenate; effuse; praeter modum (excessively). LICENTIOUSNESS, immoderatio ; intemperantia; effrenatio; lascivia; petulantia; licentia; animi ef- fusio; gestientis animi elatio voluptaria (C. Fin. 3, 10, 35). LICK, lambere (to touch with the tongue). — lingere (to taste with the tongue). — lambitu detergere (to wash or clean by licking, Aur. Vict, de Orig. 20, 3). — ligurire (to I. slightly or daintily) : to I. beforehand (in order to taste), praelambere (H. Sat. 2, 6, 109) : to I. out or away, lingere, delingere, elingere (to I. up, away, out); lingua delere (to I. out with the tongue, e. g. writing, Suet. Cal. 20): to I. the dishes, catillare (Plaut. Casin. 3, 2, 2. Auct. ap. Non. 563, 7). LICKERISH, *cuppediarum studiosus (aft. Suet. Cces. 46) : a I. person, cuppes (v. pr. Plaut.) ; homo fas- tidii delicati (of a nice or pampered appetite) : not to be I., nihil morari cuppedia. LICKERISHNESS, LICKEROUSNESS, cuppedia; liguritio ; intemperantia or intemperies gulae ; also gula only. LICORICE, glyVyrrhlza (Gr.-L.); Lat. radix dulcis; (liquiritia, Veget. de Re Vet.) LID, operculum : eye-lid, palpebra. LIE, s. mendacium (as a thing, opp. to verum). — vani- tas (falsehood, as a property or state, opp. Veritas) : a white I. (falsely so called), mendaciunculum (opp. men- dacium magnum); mendacium modestum (opp. men- dacium impudens) : an unblushing I., a bold I., men- dacium confidentissimum : to forge a I., mendacium componere ({g^fT struere is rather poetic) ; to utter 12 LIE pure lies, mera mendacia fundere (Com.) : to beware of telling a I., sibi a mendacio temperate : to come off with a I., mendacio defungi : to catch any one in a I., manifesto modo prehendere qm mendacii (Plant. Bacch. 4, 4. 45); maniiestum mendacii qm tenere (Plaut. True. 1, 2, 30): to stand in a I., stare a men- dacio contra veritatem (C. Inv. 1, 3, 4) : to convict aby of a I., mendacii qm coarguere : to give aby the I., falsi, or mendacii, qm arguere. LIE, v. i. e. to utter falsehoods, mentiri (know- ingly, ij/evdeoOai ; absol. or followed by an accusative, or in re, or de re, prop, and fig); mendacium dicere (to utter a I., eu<5oc \eyeiv, gen. ; but usually to tell an untruth unknowingly) ; ementiri (to invent or utter in a lying manner, followed by an accus. or absol.); falsa pro veris dicere, falsa dicere (to say wliat is false as true; to offend against truth, whether knowingly or not); falsa fateri (to make a false confession) ; fallere (fig. to deceive) : to I. not even in jest, ne joco quidem mentiri : to I. as one pleases, libero mendacio uti : can an honor- able man I.? num cadit in bonum virum mentiri? — he lies as often as he opens his mouth, totus ex mendaciis factus est or constat : he lied in that, hoc or in ea re mentitus est. LIE, v. i. e. to be situate, fyc. || a) in the narrower sense, to be laid or to have laid itself, prop, and fig., jacere (g. t., but esply as opp. to standing, standing upright; hence = to lie, with the idea of weak- ness) ; situm esse, positum esse (of things without life; to be situate, fyc. [rarely jacere in this sense], also of persons buried); cubare (to lie resting, as opp. to moving one's self, fyc, always with the idea of having stretched one's self out at ease, whether real or apparent; hence in prose only of living beings, whether they rest, sleep, take food, or are sick); recubare, recum- bere (to be in a recumbent posture) ; accubare, accum- bere (to I. at a place, or of several, to I. one with another any where, esply of reclining at table) : to I. at or near a person or thing, jacere ad, &c. ; adjacere ci rei or ad qm or qd (of persons and things) ; appositum, appli- catum esse ci rei (to be laid on athg, of things) : to I. upon athg, ci rei or in qo loco incubare (to have stretched one's self on athg) : qa re inniti (to support one's self on athg ; e. g. on the elbows; of persons) situm, positum esse in qa re or in qo loco (to be laid upon athg ; of things) : to I. upon, superincubare (of persons ; see above cubare) ; superimpositum esse (to be laid upon; of things) ; super- stratum esse (to be strewed upon, of things; then, to have been thrown upon, of persons) : to I. under, succu- bare (of persons) ; substratum esse (to be strewed under; then, to be laid or thrown under, of things and per- sons): to I. in athg, jacere in qa re (g. t.); positum esse in qa re (of things) : to 1. on the ground, humi jacere ; humi stratum jacere (of persons and things) ; humi cubare, in solo recubare (in rest or sleep, of persons) ; prostratum esse, dirutum jacere (to be thrown down, of things): to lie upon the face, in os pronum jacere (g. t.); in faciem cubare (resting on a bed or couch, opp. supinum cubare, i. e. to I. upon the back, Juv. 3, 280) : to I. in bed, in lecto jacere or esse; jacere; cubare (g. t., also as a sick person) ; lecto teneri, afRxum esse (to be obliged to keep one's bed): to I. (sick) in bed on ac- count of athg, cubare ex (e. g. ex duritie alvi) : to I. in (of child- bed), puerperio cubare: to I. in the arms of any one, haerere in cs complexu : lo I. at the feet of any one, ci ad pedes jacere, stratum esse, or stratum jacere (also as a suppliant): to let I., sinere (g. t.); non au- ferre (not to take away, not to do away, a thing) ; facere, ut qd jaceat (to cause athg to I., e. g. in aqua); qd ab- jicere, omittere, intermittere (fig., to give up, leave off); abjicere et omittere (entirely) ; intermittere (for a time) : to I. a-bed, in lecto se continere (lo remain in bed, of persons) ; non surgere (not to rise, of any one lying down): to I. motionless or helpless, se erigere non posse: the snow still lies (nives non liquescunt) : / have money lying idle, pecunia otiosa mihi jacet (not at interest, Pandect.): numos numeratos habeo (I have ready money, so as to be able to make payment when due). || b) in a wider sense, l)to have a certain position, esply of places and countries, jacere (gen., of natural or arti- ficial localities, but esply of a low situation); situm esse, positum esse (the former both of natural localities \see C. Verr. 4, 48, 106, of a village] and of artificial ; posi- tum esse, only of artificial localities, esply of higher ones) : to I. at or near a place, qm locum adjacere ; qm locum tangere, attingere, contingere (g. t.): ci loco applicatum, appositum esse (to be built or placed upon athg, only of artificial localities, e.g. of a camp): to I. in a place, in qo loco jacere, situm esse, positum esse : to I. over against a place, e regione or ex adverso cs LIE loci jacere, situm esse : to I. on this side of a viae 3, cis locum jacere : to 1. towards a place, jacere, situm esse ad locum versus (g. t.); prospicere locum, prospectum dare ad locum (to look towards a place, of a room, fyc.) : to L towards a quarter of the heavens, vergere, spectare in or ad, &c. [e.g. towards the north); in or ad septen- triones : Aquitania lies in a north-west direction. Aqui- tania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones : lying towards the north, towards the west, in septen- trionem versus, ad occidentem versus : to I. higher, or above a place, jacere supra, &c. : to I. in a circle round a place, circa locum in orbem situm esse, locum ambire (e. g. of islands) : to I. under a place, ci loco subjacere, subjectum esse ; jacere sub qo loco : to I. close under a mountain, jacere sub radicibus montis : to I. before a place, jacere, situm esse ante locum : to I. near, procul abesse ; propinquum esse : to I. far apart, magno lo- corum intervallo disjunctum esse: to I. at an equal distance apart, pari intervallo distare : the eyes I. deep, oculi introrsus retracti sunt. 2) To be a long time in a place or state (of persons), versari, commorari, esse (g. t. to tarry in a place) ; in praesidio esse or collo- catum esse (of a garrison); jacere, sedere (to stay, abide any where, with the idea of inactive rest, as opp. to act- ing, lilce Gr. KeicrOat): to I. before a town, ad urbem sedere (to I. inactive before it) : to I. in quarters any where, stativa habere qo loco : to lie encamped, in castris esse. 3) Fig. to have a foundation in, to depend upon, consist with, situm esse in qo or in qa re (to depend upon) ; versari in qa re (to turn upon) ; cerni in qa re (to show itself in) ; niti (in) qa re (to have its chief support in) : it lies with us, with circumstances, situm est in nobis, in temporibus : as much as lies in me, quantum in me situm est; pro viribus; ut potero. (gSgT not pro parte virili.— the fault lies with him, is est in culpa; culpa est penes eum (Com.): in what lies the hindrance? quid impedit? the reason lies in this, that, fyc, causa est in eo, quod, &c. : the difference Lies in this, that, #c, discrimen versatur, cernitur in eo, quod, &c. : it lay not in the character of the king to, <§-c, rex non is erat, qui (with a subj.). LIEGE, see Sovereign, Subject. LIEUTENANCY, *locus or munus legati (deputy) or subcenturionis (in the army). LIEUTENANT, legatus (deputy, assistant officer); ♦subcenturio (in the army, after L. 8, 8) : to be aby's I., legatum esse ci — !-a (Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 7 ; 0. Met. 15, 474); calamus aucupatorius (Mart. 14, 218, title) : to set limed twigs, virgis viscatis, or calami s fallere volucres or alites. LIMEBURNER, calcarius (Cato). LIMEKILN, fornax calcaria; or simply calcaria. LIMESTONE, lapis calcarius ; gleba calcis (a piece of I.). LIMIT, s. finis (boundary as a circumscribing line, TfXoy). — terminus (stone set up to mark a boundary, rep/jia). — limes (ridge, to mark a boundary, opor). Jn. fines et termini ; fines et quasi termini (never in the reversed order). — confinium (common boundary of two properties, $c). — modus (degree, limit not to be exceed- ed ; fig.). — cancelli (barrier; fig. limit not to be exceed- ed). To place l.'s, terminare (prop, and fig.). — limi- tare (prop.). — terminis or cancellis circumscriliere {fig.).— fines terminare or constituere; to athg, termi- nos, or modum, ponere ci rei (prop, and fig.). To mark out the l.'s of athg, finire or (accurately) definire qd (prop, and improp.) : to establish, fix, SfC, the l.'s of athg, finem facere cs rei or ci rei; finem imponere ci rei : to propose to oneself certain l.'s, certos fines terminosque sibi constituere : to exceed l.'s, fines trans- ire (prop, and fig.)— extra, fines or cancellos egredi; modum excedere (fig.) : to keep within the l.'s of mo- desty, fines verecundiae non transire : to keep aby with- in l.'s, coercere, continere, or constringere qm : to be confined within l.'s of one's own, and those narrow enough, suis finibus, exiguis sane, contineri : to burst through the l.'s and restraints of shame, repagula pu- doris et officia perfringere (C). LIMIT, v. terminare; terminis (or cancellis) cir- cumscribere, finire, definire ; terminis circumscribere et definire; also simply circumscribere (as it were to surround with l.'s or boundaries). — finire, definire, in- cludere finibus (to keep within certain l.'s). — coercere (to keep within bounds, to hold in) ; circumcidere (to make less, diminish; e. g. sumptus impensam funeri). To I. magistrates, magistratus finire : to I. athg within its bounds, qd intra terminos coercere : to be limited to one's narrow bounds, suis finibus exiguis contineri : to I. a thing ivithin a narrow circle, in exiguum angus- tumque concludere (e.g. friendship; C. Off. 1, 17, 53, Beier.): to I. a speaker, oratorem in exiguum gyrum compellere (C. de Or. 3, 19, 70) ; oratorem finire or in angustias compellere (opp. oratio exsultare potest) : to be limited to the duties of a school, *intra muneris scho- lastici angustias coactum esse : to be limited by short- ness of time, temporis angustiis includi : to I. oneself, certos fines terminosque constituere sibi, extra quos egredi non possis : to I. oneself to athg, se continere re or in re (of things and persons) : to be limited, ceterarum rerum cancellis circumscriptum esse. LIMITATION, limitatio (Col. Vitr.).— circumscrip- tio ({?.)■ I$l!r Use the verb, or the subst. Limit. LIMITED, ptcp. adj. circumcisus (cut short). — brevis {short). — Jn. circumcisus et brevis. — tenuis (weak, e. g. animus, ingenium). — imbecillus (post-Aug. imbecillis, naturally weak in mind). — tardus (slow). — hebes (dull ; e. g. ingenium). A I. time, temporis angustiae : what is so I., so short, as the longest life of man? quid tam circumcisura, tam breve, quamhominis vita longissima? {Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 11.) LIMNER, see Painter. LIMP, adj. flexibilis. lentus. mollis. LIMP, v. claudicare (C, prop.). — claudere (C, fig. Apparently claudere, C. ; -ere, S. : Gell.). LIMPID, liquidus.— limpidus (in poetry and later prose). — lucidus (post-Aug.); amnis (Q.).— [splendidus {H.), perlucidus (0.) belong to poetry.] LIMPIDNESS, limpitudo (irregularly formed fm limpidus ; Plin.). j$ST Use the adj. 16 LIN LIMY, viscosus (prop. Prudent. ; fig. Pallad.) j glu- tinosus (Col.). LINCH-PIN, *axis (or rotae) fibula. LINDEN-TREE, tilia. LINE, s. || Extension in length, linea (g. t.); lineamentum (as supposed extension ; also, as a stroke made, Petron. 79, 4 ; but no where in C, who uses it always in the sense of a geometrical I., or a lineament of the countenance). A broad I., limes (a stripe, as Plin. 37, 10, 69; nigram materiam [gemmae Veientanae] dis- tinguit limes albus, a broad white I. : a straight I., linea recta: a curved I., linea curva: a parallel I., parallelos linea (Vitr. 5, 6); in or after a I., ad lineam : to draw a I., lineam ducere ; with athg, qa re or ex qa re (e. g. with a colour, colore or ex colore ; atramento or ex atramento) : to divide athg by a I., qd dividere linea. Hence, a) a I. in the face or in the hands, incisura (B§sg?° lineamenta [in later writers lineae] oris, not = lines on the face, but the characteristic features or lineaments), b) In astronomy, the equator, aequi- noctialis circulus (Varr. L. L. 9, 18, \ 24, Muell. ggfT ^Equator is not Latin). To cross the I., *in re- giones trans circulum aequinoctialem sitas venire. c) A boundary, gen., finis. — regio (district). \\ Gen., direction, linea. — ordo (order , succession) : inastraight I., linea recta ; ad lineam (perpendicularly, upwards or downwards) ; recto itinere, recta via (in a straight direction of the road). — recto ordine (in a straight row). — aequa fronte (with a straight front, of soldiers, ships ; e. g. procedere) : in a straight I. with athg, recta cs rei regione (directly over against, as Cces. B. G. 6, 24 ; whereas e regione cs rei or exadversum qd is = over against, gen.). Hence, that wch forms a I., row. a) Verse, I. in a book, versus (in poetry ; Ig^iT not linea. — nee ab extrema parte versuum abundantes literas in alterum transfert, sed ibidem statim subjicit circumducitque, when the l.'s are too long ; Suet. Oct. p. 263). To write a few l.'s to aby, qd literarum ad qm dare : he has not written a single I., ne verbum quidem scripsit : I. by I. (in poetry), per singulos versus : to show in a few l.'s, paucis exponere. b) (in military language), ordo (a single I. of soldiers). — acies (troops in battle array). The first, second, third I. in battle, acies prima, media, ex- trema : in I., o: dinatim, e. g. ire (opp. passim ire ; see Brut, in C. Ep. 11, 13, 2): in dose and covered I., munito agmine; e. g. incedere (S. Jug. 46, 3): to place themselves in I., ordinatim consistere (of the soldiers forming themselves ; see Np. Iphic. 2, 2) : to step out of tht I., ordine egredi (of one or more). — ordines deserere or relinquere (of several) : to draw up the I., copias ordinare (g. t.) — ordines or aciem instru- ere (for battle) : a soldier of the I., miles legionarius (g. t., a legionary soldier). — miles gravis armaturae (a heavy-armed soldier) : troops of the I., legiones (the legions). — milites gravis armaturae; gravis armatura (heavy-armed soldiers). — milites aciei destinati (troops appointed for the I. of battle ; all, as opp. to light troops and to cavalry) : ship of the I., *navis aciei destinata. c) In pedigrees, linea (see Paul. Dig. 38, 10, 9, areufxara cognationum directo limine in duas lineas separantur, quarum altera est superior [the ascending], altera in- ferior [the descending] : ex superiore autem, et secundo gradu transversae lineae [the collateral l.'s] pendent). By the paternal, maternal I., a patre; amatre; pater- no, materno genere; ex paterna linea, ex materna linea (e. g. venire, Cod. Just. 5, 9, 10): fm them sprang two l.'s of Octavii, ab iis duplex Octaviorum familia de- fluxit : to be related in a direct I. to any one, linea di- rects contingere cs domum (aft. Suet. Galb. 2) ; arctis- simo gradu contingere qm (e. g. on the maternal side, a matre; Suet. Oct. 4).— per arctissimos gradus ad qm primam sui originem perducere (in a direct I. ; see Sen. de Ben. 3, 28, 2). d) In fortification or sieges, opus (g. t., ramparts and trenches).— fossa, (a trench). A I. of circumvallation ; see Circumval cation : to draw a I. round a place, circummunire qd opere or operibus ; qd circumdare fossa: to occupy the whole I with troops, *per totum opus milites disponeie. \\ A string, cord, linea, linum. LINE, v. interiorem cs rei partem vestire (qa re, with athg; see C. Verr. 4, 55, 1^0).— *munire intus qa re. LINEAGE, linea. See Ancestry. LINEAL, ex linea (paterna, materna). To be a I. descendant, linea directa contingere cs domum. See Line. LINEAMENT, lineamentum oris (a single feature in the face; ductus oris, C. de Fin. 5, 17, 47, denotes the lineaments about the mouth; opp. to vultus, t. e. the other features of the face). The l.'s of the face, os, LIN vultus; Jn. os vultusque or os et vultus {face and countenance). The mother and son had similar l.'s, lineamentorum qualitas matri ac filio similis. LINEAR, linearis (Plin. Quint.). LINEN, s. linteum. Pieces of I., or I. clothes, lintea, ovum : dressed in I., linteatus : of I., linteus ; lineus : I. yam, linum netum ( Ulp. Dig. 32, 70, § 11) : I. manu- facture, ars lintearia {as an art ; Inscr. Grut. p. 649, n. 4) : the I. trade, *negotium lintearium {aft. Aurel. Vict, de Fir. III. 72).— negotiatio lintearia {Ulp. Dig. 14, 4, 5, § 15). LINEN, adj. linteus ; lineus. LINENDRAPER, *negotium lintearium exercens To be a I., *negotium lint, exercere; *lintea vendere or venditare : a l.'s shop, *taberna in qua panni ad ulnam venduntur. LINENDRAPERY, lintea, orum, pi. LINEN-MANUFACTURER, lintearius {Ulp. Dig. 14, 3, 5, § 4; Cod. Theod. 10, 20, 16).— linteo {Plaut. Aul 3, 5, 58; Inscr. Grut. p. 38, n. 15). LINGER cunctari; cessare; morari; moramfacere; tardare. LINGERER, cunctator; cessator. LINGERING, adj. cunctans; cunctabundus ; ces- sans. A I. disease, morbus longus. LINGERING, s. cunctatio ; cessatio ; mora. LINGUIST, multas linguas intelligens {aft. C. Tusc. 5,40, 116). — grammaticus {or Lat. literatus; see Suet. Gramm. 4). — (Graecis et Latinis) Uteris docte eruditus. [6HP Linguae cs sciens denotes one who is able to speak a language, although not critically acquainted with it: see T. Ann. 2, 13, 2.] To be a good I., multas linguas intelligere {aft. C. Tusc. 5, 40, 116). LINIMENT, unguentum {ointment) ; fomentum {soothing application). LINING, *pannus subsutus. LINK, s. || A single ring or division of a chain, annulus. || Fig. band, bond, vinculum; vinclum. \\ A torch. See Torch. LINK TOGETHER, v. nectere; connectere.— vir- tutes inter se jugatae sunt (C. / are linked together). LINNET, *fringilla cannabina {Linn.). LINSEED, semen lini. LINSEY-WOOLSEY, *pannus crassior ex lana lino- que confectus. LINSTOCK, *virga incendiaria. LINT, linamentum ; linteola carpta, orum, pi. LINTEL, limen superum, or superius (^^° not superliminare ; see Gronov. Plin. 29, 4, 26) ; super- cilium itineris, or simply supercilium ( Vitr. 5, 6, 5 ; 4, 6,2). LION, leo {animal, or sign in Zodiac). Of or re- lating to a I., leoninus: to be like a I., specie leonina esse : a l.'s den, cavum leoninum : a l.'s skin, pellis leonis or leonina : a lion-heart, summa animi fortitudo : l.'s mouth, rictus leonis (t); {a plant) *antirrhinum {Linn.): a young I., catulus leaenae ; scymni leonum {young l.'s; Lucr.): l.'s tooth {a plant), *leontodon taraxacum {Linn.) : l.'s paw {a plant) leontice {Linn.) : l.'s foot {a plant), catananche {Linn.) : l.'s tail {a plant), phlomis leonurus {Linn.). LIONESS, leaena (lea, poet.). — leo femina {Plaut. in Fragm ap. Philarg. ad V. Eel. 2, 63). LIONIZE {in very familiar conversation, to take round to see sights), ducere qm ad ea quae visenda sunt, et unumquidque ostendere (C. Verr. 4, 59, 132). LIP, labruin ; labium. (0$^° The former is the more usual and the better word ; the latter is inferior, and not found in the prose of the gold, period : |$»|r labium, in the sing., is found in Seren. ap. Non. ; the pi. occ. in Plaut. and Ter.) The upper— under I., labrum superius— inferius : chapped l.'s, fissura labrorum : that has large l.'s, labrosus {Cels.).— labiosus {Lucr.).— labeo {Plin. ; not found in the best writers) : to touch alhg with the l.'s, labra admovere ci rei {poet.): chaps on the l.'s, labrorum fissura {sing.) : the name is on my l.'s. no- men mihi versatur in primoribus labris {Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 65): to be on the l.'s, intra labra atque dentes latere {ib. v. 80) : thick l.'s, labra turgida {Mart.) : to put to the l.'s, rei labra admovere; fig. primis, or primoribus, labris gustare or attingere {i. e. to take a slight taste of). LIPSALVE, *adipes, qui fissis labris medentur. * unguentum labris molliendis factum. LIQUEFY, || Tr. liquefacere ; || Intr. liquefieri; liquescere. See Melt. LIQUID, adj. liquidus; fluidus. LIQUID, s. liquor. LIQUIDATE, solvere. See Pay. LIQUOR, liquor. 17 LIT LISP, v. ci est os blaesum {Mart. 10, 65, 10); ci est lingua blaesa {aft. O. A. A. 3, 294): one who l.% blaesus. LISP, LISPING, s. sonus blaesus. An affected I. {oj an orator, $c), deliciae circa S literam (Q. 1, 2, 5). LISPING, adj. blaesus. LIST, s. || Roll, catalogue, index (|gg|r not cata- logus, late).— numeri {I. of soldiers). To put ones name on a I., cs nomen in indicem, in numeros, referre : to be upon a I., in indicem, in numeros, relatum esse; in numeris esse : to prepare l.'s of the soldiers, milites in numeros distribuere : to have a I. of athg, qd descrip- tum habere: the civil I., *domestici sumptus principis : I. of subscribers, *index eorum qui emptores se pro- fessi sint. || A border, bound, finis, terminus. || Enclosed ground for combats, fyc, campus, curriculum, or hippodromus {race-ground). || A strip of cloth, limbus. LIST, v. || To desire, see Desire. LISTEN, || To hearken, subauscultare qd; ser- monem cs captare, aucupare, or sublegere {Com.): to I. at the door to a conversation, aure foribus admota ser- monem captare (Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27, sqq.); he list- ened to all I said, subauscultando excepit voces meas et procul quid narrarem attendit {C. Or. 2, 36, 153).— g§f" excipere sermonem cs does not mean ' to listen' out ' to catch up any one's words. ' See whether any one is listening, circumspice, num quis est, qui sermonem nostrum aucupet, or ne quis nostro hinc sermoni au- ceps sit {Com.). \\ To give attention, see Attend. LISTENER, qui cs sermoni auceps est. LISTLESS, || Thoughtless, careless, socors, in- curiosus, negligens. See Careless. || Slow, slug- gish, piger, segnis. LISTLESSLY, || Carelessly, incuriose, negli- genter, indiligenter. || Slowly, sluggishly, pigre, segniter, Jn. pigre ac segniter : to go I. about athg, in- vitum or aegre ad qd accedere, or qd suscipere. LISTLESSNESS, || Carelessness, see Careless- ness. || Slowness, sluggishness, pigritia, seg- nitia. LITANY, litania {Eccl.). LITERAL, ad verbum, ad literam : the I. meaning of a word, proprius verbi sensus ; propria verbi signifi- catio : to give a I. translation, i. e. to translate literally, see the next word. LITERALLY, ad verbum, ad literam : to translate I., verbum de or- e verbo exprimere ; verbum pro verbo reddere ; ad verbum exprimere (e. g. de Graecis, LITERARY, literatus ; or by the gen. literarum, e. g. literarum monumenta: a I. journal, *commentarii literarii. LITERATURE, literae ; literarum monumenta {in- cluding literary documents); literarum cognitio et ratio {knowledge of history and antiquities, also philologfa) : — Latin I., literae Latinae; monumenta Latina: skilled in Latin and Greek I., Uteris Latinis et Graecis ductus : to promote the interests of I., literarum studia illustrare et excitare {after C. Tusc. 1, 3, 5) : polite or elegant I., humanitatis studia (C. ; but |gggF not literae humani- ores). LITHARGE, lithargyrum {Plin.). molybdltis {Plin.). LITHE, flexilis, flexibilis, lentus. LITHENESS (flexibilitas, Solin. ; lentitia, Plin.): use the adjectives. LITHOGRAPH, «lithographicus. LITHOGRAPHER, *lithographus. LITHOGRAPHY, *lithographia ; *ars litho- graph! ca. LITIGANT, s. litigator (Q.). LITIGANT, adj. litigans: the parties I., litigantes. LITIGATE, || Intr.) cum qo litigare, or lites habere; inter se litigare de qa re {of several parties) ; in causis litigare (as a professioii or habit). || Tr.) causam agere (to carry on), or dicere (to plead). LITIGIOUS, litigiosus; cupidus litium (fond of going to law); certandi, or concertationis, cupidus; cupidus rixae ; ad rixam promptus {quarrelsome). LITTER, s. || A kind of sedan bed, lectica; sella gestatoria (in the lectica the person was recumbent, in the s. g. more in a sitting posture). || Straw laid under animals for a bed, fyc, stramentum (stra- men, or substramen, poet.). || Straw for a cover- ing, stramentum.— (g^" storf a or storia, is a covering of plaited straw, a mat. — \\ Young produced at a birth, fetus, fetura, subbles, progenies. || Things in confusion, turbae, tricae: to make a I., omnia miscere, turbare, or miscere ac turbare. LITTER, v. || To spread straw as a bed for 2M LIT cattle, (stramentum) pecori substernere (Plin.). || To cover with things negligently, miscere ac tur- bare. || (Of animals) to bring forth young, fetus procreare; fetum fundere, edere (C). LITTLE, adj. parvus (not large or great; also, not grown up ; fig., mean, trifling, opp. magnus) : less, minor ; least, minimus (which must be used when the least of two or more is meant; e. g. Little A sit, Asia Minor). — paul- lus, paullulus (in respect of space and time, and of num- ber, value, opp. magnus or multus ; rarely said of I. per- sons or animals, as L. 35, 11,7, equi hominesque paulluli gracilesque: paullum and paullulum are more fre- quently used substantively with a gen.; e.g. paulkim lucri; paullum operse ; paullulum morse). — pusillus (very I., diminutive, stunted in growth: fig., frivolous ; e.g. animus). — minutus (scarcely of perceptible size: fig., frivolous; e. g. animus, interrogatiunculae). — brevis (short, of small extent; of time and space, opp. longus). — exiguus (small, of number, quantity, and time). — humilis (low of stature; of men, animals, and plants ; also, fig., low, mean). — humilis staturae, hurriili statural (short of stature; of men and animals). — angustus (narrow, opp. latus ; also, fig., narrow-minded). — parvulus, infans (not grown up; see Young). The Latins frequently express the idea of littleness by a diminutive; e.g. 1. money, numuli : a I. book or writing, libellus : a I. present, munusculum : a I. child, infantulus, &c. It may sometimes be rendered by Crcl. with qd and a gen. ; e. g. a I. pride, qd superbiae : the I. finger, digitus minimus : too I., curtus (cut short) : very I., perparvulus ; valde pusillus ; perpusillus ; per- exiguus: how I., quantus, quantillus (in nature, of size) ; quotus (in number) : so little, tantus, tantillus : a little, paullo, paullulum : a I. man, homo brevis sta- tural, homo brevi statura (short of stature) ; homo cor- pore parvo, homo paullulus (small in body) ; homo sta- tural humili et corpore exiguo ( of stature and size) ; homo pusillus (dwarfish, stunted. — IggT not homo par- vus) : to be I. (of stature), brevem habere staturam ; brevi esse statura: a I. boy, puer infans: the I. Romu- lus, infans Romulus: tittle ones (children), parvi; liberi (in respect of the parents) : the uri are somewhat iess than elephants, uri sunt magnitudine paullo infra elephantos : to cut into I. bits, minute or minutim con- cidere : to break into I. pieces, comminuere qd : a I. time, tempus parvum, breve or exiguum : for a I. time, parumper, paullisper: a I. after, brevi, paullo post: a I. number, parvus or exiguus numerus ; of athg, cs rei : the I. number (wch one has with him, $c), paucitas (e. g. militum): a I. sum of money, parva pecun ia ; paullula pecunia (Plaut. ) ; paullulum pecuniae : a I. gain, parvum commodum ; paullum lucri ; lucel- lum : a I. disagreement, parva dissensio : there is a I. difference, parvulum differt : these things are I., haec parva sunt : fin the least to the greatest, minima maxima: the greatest and the least (i. e. the highest and the lowest), summi et infirm: a I. mind, animus parvus, pusillus, minutus, angustus, or Jn. angustus et parvus [see Little-minded] : that betrays a I. mind, illud pusilli animi est: nothing so much betrays a I. mind, as fyc, nihil est £am angusti animi, tarn parvi, quam, &c. LITTLE, s. non multum; nonnihil; aliquantulum : a I. money, aliquantulum numorum : by I. and I., sensim ; sensim ac pedetentim, See Degree. LITTLE, adv. paulum ; paululum ; nonnihil ; ali- quantulum. LITTLE-MINDED, parvi or pusilli animi ; angusti animi et parvi ; angusti pectoris ; pusilli animi et contracti. LITTLENESS, parvitas ; exiguitas. LITURGY. || A set of prayers and supplica- tions, *liturgia. \\A book containing such a form of prayers, fyc, *liber liturgicus or ritualis. LIVE, LIVING, adj. : prop., vivus, vivens (opp. mortuus : vivus, when mere existence is to be ex- pressed; vivens, of a way and manner of existence). — spirans (that breathes).— salvus (safe).— animatus, ani- malis, animal (endued with life, opp. inanimis): nothing I,, nullum animal : a I. model, exemplum animale (C. de Invent. 2, 1, 2).— Cato, a I. image of virtue, Cato virtutum viva imago: a I. language, *lingua, qua etiam nunc utuntur homines; also perhaps, 'lingua viva: to find aby still I., qm vivum reperire (still among the I.); qm adhuc spirantem reperire (still breathing, not yet quite dead). To deliver a person I. or dead into aby's hands, qm aut vivum aut mor- tuum in cs potestatem dare. LIVE, v. || To have life, continue in life, vivere (g. t.).— esse (to be, exist, elvai : see Herz. S. 18 LIV Cat. 18, 4). — in vita esse (to be al've). — spirare (to breathe; hence of statues, <§-c, wch seem to breathe). — vigere (to have a living appearance, of plants). C. and others, in the higher style, and for the sake of emphasis, used also sometimes the fig lucem aspicere, intueri, vivere et anima frui (opp. hac luce carere) : still to I., adhuc vivere, in vivis esse (to be still alive). — superesse, superstitem esse (to be not yet dead) : to let any one I , vitae cs parcere, consulere (to spare his life). — ci lucis usuram dare (to allow to I.) : not to let one I. an hour longer, unius horae usuram ci ad vivendum non dare: we ought to I. for others as well as ourselves, non nobis solum nati sumus : not to be able to I. without athg, qa re carere non posse ; without aby, sine qo vivere non posse (e. g. unum diem) : to be living too long for aby, mea Jonginquitas aetatis ci obest (Ter.): to have lived long enough, satis vixisse ; vitae satisfecisse : if he had lived longer, si vita longior suppetisset, si vita data esset longior : the bravest man that ever lived, unus post homines natos fortissimus vir: as long as I .'., per omnem vitam; me vivo; dum vivo; dum spiro; dum vivam ; dum spirare potero; dum vita suppetit, quoad vitae suppeditat; quoad vivo: if I I., si vita suppetet; si vita mihi contigerit (Plane, in C. Ep. 10, 24, 3) : as true as 1 1., ita vivam : to I. to see, videre (e. g. a day, fortune, fyc.) : to I. to see one's sixtieth year, pervenire ad annum sexagesimum; ad annum sexage- simum ducere spiritum : I wish I might I. to see those times, opto, ut possim ad id tempus reipublicae spiri- tum ducere : / hope to I. to see something, spero qd me vivo futurum esse : / have lived to see the limes, incidit aetas mea in ea tempora. ||Tu spend or pass one's life; a) in respect of the way or manner, for what, whence, or where one l.'s, vivere : to I. with aby, vivere cum qo (i. e. in habits of intimacy with him) : to I. upon athg, e.g. in tenui pecunia vivere : tantum habere quantum satis ad usus necessarios (to have enough to I. upon) : to I. an abstemious life (for the sake of one's health}, valetudinem suam curare (g. t.); conti- nentem esse in victu cultuque corporis tuendi causa. (aft. C. Off 2, 24. 86) : to I. to or for a thing, ci rei se dedisse, ci rei deditum esse (e. g. Uteris, voluptatibus); ci rei operam dare, studere (to bestow pains, e. g. Uteris. — 1$^" vacare ci rei in this sense is quite un- class.): to I. entirely in a thing, vivere in qa re (e. g. literis) ; totum esse in qa re (see Schmid. H. Ep. I, 1, 11) : to I. in hope, spem habere ; in spe esse : to I. for or to oneself, secum, ut dicitur, vivere, se frui (to enjoy one's life). — suum negotium gerere (to I. without care of other person's business). — otiari, vitam in otio degere (to spend one's life in ease) : to I. fm, by, or upon athg, vivere (de) qa re (g. t.). — vesci qa re (to have athg for one's food). — ali qa re (to support oneself on athg.) — vitam sustentare qa re (by any trade or business, e. g. corollas venditando) ; victum quaerere or quaeri- tare qa re (to seek a livelihood by athg, e. g. lana ac tela, Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 48): to I. poorly upon athg, vitam tole- rare qa re (of food or of business; see Herz. Cces. B. G. 7, 77 extr. Ruhnk. Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 23; : to I. on charity, aliena misericordia vivere : to have enough to I. upon, rem habere (see C. Off. 2, 21, 73); habeo unde vivam, utar: to I. well, laute vivere (in affluence and comfort). — luxuriose vivere (in luxury) : to I. poorly, parce ac duriter vivere; vitam inopem tolerare : to I. near, ac- colere ci loco, or locum : to I. in a place, vivere (in) qo loco ; esse, versari (in) qo loco : to I. a long time in a place, commorare in qo loco to I. under the same roof with any one, sub uno tecto esse : to I. in society, in circulis esse, versari; in hominum celebritate ver- sari : to I. at court, »in regia or in aula esse ; *inter aulicos versari. b) of the state in wch one l.'s, vivere (with an adverb or other definitive word; vitam agere, degere, with an adj. with vitam. — .^-^ rarely vitam vivere: aetatem agere or gerere is notclass.): to I. hap- pily, feliciter, beate vivere; vitam agere felicem : to I. miserably, misere vivere : to I. in want, in egestate vitam degere: to I. in peace, sine injuria et in pace vivere: to I. fm hand to mouth, in diem vivere (i. e. without thinking of to-morrow). LIVELIHOOD, victus; victus quotidianus ; res ad vitam necessariae : to seek one's L, victum quaerere, quaeritare: to earn one's I., parare ea quae ad victum suppeditant. See more under Bread. LIVELINESS, vigor (freshness, of body and mind). — alacritas (sprightliness) . I. of speech or style, vis (power). — gravitas, vehementia (emphasis). LIVELONG, totus. LIVELY, vegetus (enjoying life, gay). — vividus (full of energy). — vigens (rigorous in body or mind). — alacer (quick, brisk, merry). — acer (full of fire). — recens (fresh). LIV — celeber (of places, frequented; opp. desertus): a I. motion, motus vigens : a I. colour, color vigens, acris; color ardens, ardentissimus: a I. countenance, os et vultus alacrior: a I. speech, oratio fervidior : a I. speaker, orator agens, calens in dicendo {that has a I. style or manner). — orator concitatus (impassioned) : a I. delivery, actio paullo agitatior ; actio ardentior : to have a I. delivery, acerrimum esse in agendo ; calere in agendo : a I. idea, opinio recens {see C. Tusc. 3, 31, 75 ; 4, 7 in.): to form a I. idea of athg, *rem tamquam prae- sentem animo contemplari; rem quam maxime in- fentis oculis, ut aiunt, acerrime contemplari (C. Flacc. II, 26): to give a I. idea of a thing, imaginera cs rei exprimere, quae veluti in rem praesentem perducere audientes videatur (aft. Q. 4, 3, 123): I. correspond- ence by letter, celebritas, frequentia epistolarum : a I. memory, memoria praesens (L. 8, 22) : to feel a I. joy, valde, vehementer laetari : in a I. manner, alacri animo (with spirit). — acriter (fiercely, sharply). — graviter, cum vi (with energy). LIVER, = one who lives, qui vivit (vixit) &c. LIVER (in the body), jecur (gen. jecin<5ris). [^cS^The Gr. hepar (r\nap) with deriv. hepaticus (h-fariKoi), hepatizon (rjnaritov), &c. only as medical terms] : I. complaint, morbus jecinoris (Cels. 4, 8 in.). — morbus hepatarius (Plant. Cure. 2, 1, 23). — vitium jecinoris (Plin. 20, 14, 53) : / have a I. complaint, morbus hepatarius me agitat, jecur cruciatur (Plant.). LIVERY, \\(inLaw), delivery of possession, man- cipatio; traditio. || Delivery of food : I. stable, *sta- bulum meritorium or mercenarium. || Uniform given to servants, vestis famularis. vestis quam famuli hominum nobilium gerere consueverunt (g. tt. ; the latter Np. Bat. 3, 1). — cultus famularis (the whole dress of a servant, aft. Fell. 1, 2, 2). In connexion also vestis, cultus famulorum ; or simply, vestis, cultus : to wear I., vesti famulari or cultu famulari indutum esse : a I. servant, «famulus proprio quodam cultu insignis. LIVERY-MAN (in London), socius ; sodalis. LIVID, lividus ; livens: a I. colour, livor : to be I., livere : to become I., livescere (Lucr.). LIVIDNESS, livor.— livedo (Appul.). LIVING, adj. see Live. LIVING, s. || In respect of the necessaries or orna- ments of life, vita, victus. cultus. Jn. victus et cul- tus. cultus vestitusque. habitus et cultus (|g*^ victus means maintenance by food, 8,-c. ; cultus denotes every- thing not contained in the word joined with it : also vita and victus, when vita denotes the public, victus the private life; see Bremi, Np. Alcib. 1, 3) : a rough style of 1., vita horrida, fera: a magnificent style of I., lautitiae : a poor style of I., vita inops ; vita dura : a regular mode of I., continentia in victu cultuque (corporis tuendi causa). || In respect of manners and customs, vitae ratio, vitas degendae ratio, vitae or vivendi via (g. t., plan of life). — vitae ratio et institutio, vitae instituta, orum, n., vita instituta (rules observed in one's course of life). — vitae consuetudo, censuetudoet vita, moset institutum (mores et instituta), studia institutaque (with ref. to the habils and inclinations). — vita (g. t. with ref. to conduct, fyc.) : a right mode of I., recta vitae via; recte vivendi via; bene vivendi ratio: a regular mode of I., certa vivendi disciplina; severe, sobrie vivere : to change one's mode of I., vitae rationem mutare (g. /.); vitam laudabiliorem exordiri (to improve). — vitam vic- tumque mutare (both private and public,. — mores suos mutare, commutare, morum mutationem or commu- tationem facere, mores emendare, se corrigere; in viam redire ; ad virtutem redire, revocari ; ad bonam frugem se recipere (to improve one's moral conduct). — mores invertere, se invertere (to degenerate) : to keep to one's mode of I., de vitae consuetudine nihil mutare; institu- tum suum tenere (to retain one's habits) : to return to one's old mode of I., ad priorem vitam reverti : to bring aby back to his former mode of L, revocare qm ad pris- tinam consuetudinem. ^In respect of occupation, vitae genus (g. t.).— ars (art, handicraft). — qu a stus (business): a sedentary mode of I., ars sellularia; quaestus sellularius : to adopt or embrace a I., vitae genus suscipere; artem discere, ediscere. |j A benefice, *beneficium (not praebenda). LIXIVIAL, lixivius (Plin. Col.). LIZARD, lacerta (and lacertus ; but lacertus means also an arm). LO ! ecce (of something sudden or unexpected).— en (denoting the presence «f something ivch requires atten- tion, and espty of athg unwelcome). $*g?" both ecce and en are usually construed with the nom. : but ecce is found in the comedians with (he ace. of a pronoun ; hence, contracted, eccum, eccaiii, eccos. 19 LOC LOAD, s. onus (prop, and fig.) : to take a I., subire onus (dorso, upon one's back). — onus suscipere : a waggon- or cart I., vehes or vehis : a I. of manure, vehes stercoris (Col.) or fimi (Plin.) : a I. of hay, vehes foeni (Plin.) : a I. of powder (for a charge), *pulveris pyrii quantum sclopeto immitti (or in sclopetum in- fundi) solet. LOAD, v. \\ To burden, onerare. — gravare qm qa re (T.). — ci onus imponere(C), injungere (L.): to I. a beast of burden, onera in jumenta extollere (Far.); ju- mentis onera imponere (C): to I. a ship; see Freight: to I. a man with baggage, sarcinis gravare qm (T.): a waggon, plaustrum onerare (0.) ; onera in plaustrum imponere (C.) : Fig. To I. aby with chains, catenis qm onerare (H.); with abuse, onerare qm maledictis (Plaut.); with curses, diras ingerere in qm. II To charge a gun, *pulverem pyrium sclopeto infun- dere; ivith ball, *glandem plumbeam sclopeto immit- tere : to I. a cannon, *tormeuto telum immittere [Kraft gives, *in sclopetum pulverem nitratum cum glande immittere ; *pulvere pyrio farcire sclopetum]. LOADSTONE, (prop.) magnes, etis; magnes lapis; lapis Heracleus — (%.) quod ad se attrahit, or allicit. LOAF, massa : I. of bread, *panis in speciem quan- dam redactus : a I. of sugar, *meta sacchari. LOAM, s. || Marl, marga (Plin.). LOAM, v. *marga cohtegere or integere (to cover with I.). LOAN, s. \\ A lending, versura, mutuatio (the former with the view of paying a debt; the latter g. t.). || Money lent, pecunia mutua, credita : to get a I. fm any one, versuram facere ab qo (if for paying an- other debt with): to pay a debt by means of a I., ver- sura solvere or dissolvere ; mutuatione et versura solvere : to force a I., pecunias mutuas exigere ; mu- tuam pecuniam praecipere : to pay or return a I., cre- ditum or pecuniam creditam solvere: ro accept or receive a I., pecunias mutuas sumere ab qo. LOATH, invitus; invito animo; nolens: to be I. to do athg, aegre qd facere; nolo qd facere; gravari qd facere ; abhorrere a qa re facienda ; non libet mihi qd facere; non libenter facio qd (e. g. causam relinquo, C). I am I., me piget. LOATHE, v. satietas or taedium cs rei me capit ; venit mihi qd in taedium ; nauseare (vavatav) ; fastidire qd ; taedet me ts rei; satietas or taedium cs rei me cepit or tenet ; fastiditum est mihi qd. LOATHING, fastidium (as a consequence of satiety, disgust, in physical or moral sense). — satietas (satiety, in physical or moral sense). Jn. fastidium quoddam et satietas. — taedium (fm weariness, when one loses patience, in prose first in L. : C. uses satietas for it). — nausea (vavaia, fm a disordered stomach, inclination to vomit; in a moral sense, stronger than fastidium ; but only in Mart. 4, 37) : to cause or excite I., fastidium or satie- tatem creare ; fastidium movere ci (e. g. stomacho); fastidium, satietatem, or taedium afferre ; taedio afficere qm ; nauseam facere. LOATHSOME, fastidiosus (Plin. H. Ep.).— fasti- dium creans or afferens (that excites loathing, of things). — teter (foul, ugly, e. g. sapor, odor, aqua, &c). — odiosus (disgusting, hateful, of persons or things). LOBBY, vestibulum. LOBE (in anatomy), fibra (altera fibra, sc. jecoris, Plin. : pulmo in duas floras dividitur, Cels.). LOBSTER, cammSrus (Plin.). LOCAL (f^sHTnot localis). By the gen. loci or re- gionis, locorum or regjonum ; e. g. I. difficulties, loco- rum dilflcu'.tates : I. knowledge, locorum notitia; loco- rum, or regionum peritia or scientia: for want of I. knowledge, ignoratione or inscientia locorum (once Cces. ignorantia loci) : to possess I. knowledge, locorum or regionum scientem, peritum, esse. LOCALITY. Ji Nature of a place or places, loci or locorum nalura. ^Situation, loci, or locorum, situs: a good I., opportunitas loci: to inspect the I. 's, aitum (urbis) circumspicere (L. 9, 28, 3). LOCH, (a Scotch word), lacus, us. LOCK. \\An instrument for fastening, clau- strum. — B3§T The ancients used a bolt or bar, in the place of our I. and key ; in some cases they had a con- trivance, by means of a thong with a loop or hook, for re- moving the bolt fm the outside of a door ; sometimes also \ they employed a seal, e. g. Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 1, obsignate cellas, ref»rte annulum ad me; as if one should say, I. them up and bring the key to me. To put under I. and key, sub signo et claustiis ponere. || A wear ; dam, ol'jcctaculum (Var ). \\A tuft of hair, cirrus (natural). — cincinnus (artificial). — annulus (ringlet). I || Pari of a yun, *igniarium. 1 2M2 LOC LOCK, v. || To fasten with a I., claustrum objicere ci rei : to I. up, claudere ; concludere. ($ggT The an- cients sometimes employed a seal instead of a I. and key; hence the classical phrases, signare. obsignare. annulo vindicare : to I. up in athg, concludere, includere {to shut in) in re : to I. oneself up in Ike house, se inclu- dere domi : to lock any one up {in prison), qra in custo- diam includere. || To trig {a wheel), (rotam) sufflami- pare {Sen.). LOCKER, capsa ; capsula. LOCKET, *clypeolum pensile ; *theca pensilis, or ex collo suspensa. LOCKSMITH, faber claustrarius {late). LOCOMOTION, motus: to have the power of I., sua vi moveri ; cieri et agi motu suo ; per se ipsum et sua sponte moveri. LOCOMOTIVE, i. e. that has the power of locomo- tion; see Locomotion. LOCUST, locusta. LODGE, v. || Intr. To have lodgings, deversari apud qm, also in qa. domo (C. ; and, in the sense of to be lodging any where as a stranger, C. de Invent. 2, 4, 15). To dwell, see Dwell. || Tr. Hospites acci- pere. LODGE. || A small tenement, casa, casula. do- muncula. (Vitr.). \\{of free-masons), a) the place of as- sembling. — *domus {house) or porticus {hall), in quam latomi conveniunt : b) the assembly, conventus latomo- rum : there is a I. to-day, *hodie latomi in porticam suam convenient: c) the society of free-masons, *soda- litas latomorum. LODGER, inquilinus (C). LODGING. \\An inhabiting, habitatio. \\A hired apartment, ccenaculum meritorinm (in respect of one who lets it). — liabitatio conducta; hospitium {in respect of the tenant) : to let furnished l.'s, locare in- structas sedes (C). LOFT, tabulatum ; cellae {store-rooms, under the roofs). — foenile (a hay-loft). — granarium. cella penaria (for fruit or corn). LOFTILY, alte; elate; excelse; sublime; subli- miter. LOFTINESS, altitudo, excelsitas (prop, and fig.).— eminentia (a high projection, also fig. excellence). — sub- limitas (fig. sublimity).— elatio (elevation) : I. of senti- ment or mind, animi altitudo (L. not in C, see Beier ad C. Offic. 1, 25, 88), animi excelsitas, elatio, emi- nentia, magnitudo: /. of style, orationis elatio atque altitudo ; orationis or verborum granditas. LOFTY, altus, elatus, celsus, excelsus (prop, and fig. ; Syn. in High). — editus (above the level, opp. planus). — sublimis (prop, that soars on high, then = above the common order). — erectus (of I. ideas). — au- gustus (high, esply of divine things) : a I. style, oratio grandis ; orationis altitudo ; elatio atque altitudo ora- tionis ; sublime genus dicendi : a man of I. mind, vir excelsus et altus. LOG, caudex ; stipes. LOGARITHM, *logarithmus. LOGGERHEAD, caudex, stipes, asinus, plumbeus (Ter.) : to be at l.'s, rixari inter se, or cum qo. LOGIC, *ars logica, logica, orum, n. (g. t.); ars in- telligendi (art of understanding). — ars argumentandi (as the art of reasoning or drawing inferences). It was included by the ancients in Dialectics. LOGICAL, *logicus: I. arrangement, dispositio (as Q. 10, 3, 5). LOGICALLY, *logice ; or by recte, rectissime, acute * i» the silver jeriod, enormis) : a I. garment, vestis longa (#. t.) ; vestis alaris (hanging down to the ankles). — vestis prolixa, vestis longe lateque diffusa (/. and full ; Gell. 7, 12) :/. hair, capillus longus (g. t.)\ capillus promissus, caesaries promissa (that hangs down far over the neck). — capillus prolixus (I. and thick; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 49, and V. Eel. 8, 34) : a I. fail, cauda procera (I. and thin); cauda prolixa (/. and thick or bushy): Iggr /. with a definite specification of a measure of length is expressed by longus with an ace. (rarely in the best age with an all.) of the measure, or by in longitu- dinem with a gen. of the measure (but only when it is said that a thing is to be made fyc. so I. ; therefore in de- pendence on a verb), e. g. six feet I. longus pedes sex : to cut off a bridge six feel I., pontem in longitudinem sex pedum rescindere. For some specifications of length the Latin has also particular adjectives ; as, one foot I., pedalis; (but also, and more accurately) pedern longus (g^° pedaneus. is late): half a foot I., semi- pedalis : a foot and a half I., sesquipedalis, but also sesquipedem longus : two feet I., bipedalis, but also duos pedes longus : an ell I., cubitalis : half an ell I., semicubitalis. \\ Of time; longus (usually of the du- ration of time itself, e. g. tempus, hora, nox, &c, more rarely of the duration of athg). — longinquus (of the duration of time, and esply of the duration of athg, e. g. consuetudo, obsidio, &c.).— diuturnus, diuttnus(o/ the duration of athg ; but the former denotes duration either indifferently or with commendation, as pax diuturna, whereas the latter implies that a thing is irksome or te- dious. Thus bellum diuturnum, a war of I duration, esply as compared with others ; bellum diutlnum, a pro- tracted andtedious war; so also morbus diuimus, a tedious complaint). — The longest day, dies solstitialis ; solstitium : the longest night, *nox brumalis; bruma : the days are longer than with us, dierum spatia ultra nostri orbis mensuram (T. Agr. 12, 3): a I. syllable, syllaba longa: to make asyllable I., syllabam producere : to pronounce a syllable I., producte dicere syllabam : the first syllable in i n s an u s is I., ' i n s an u s ' product! prima litera di- cimus (dicitur) : the first syllable ire sapiens is /., in sapiente prima litera producte dicitur : the time is too I. for me, mora lenta me offendit or urit (the delay is tedious, after O. Her. 3, 138); *otium moleste fero (leisure is oppressive to me): a I. time before, after, athg, multum ante, post, qd (e. g. ante, post mortem cs) : a I. time since or ago ; see Long, adv. : after a I. interval, longo intervallo. With specifications of a de- finite measure of lime, the Latin employs either a simple ace. or (to denote- that a thing lasts uninterruptedly) per with an ace (Gr. 6ta with a gen.) : e. g. three years long, tres annos; per tres annos. || Not brief or contracted, latus (opp. contractus; of persons or things). — longus (opp. brevis ; of persons or things). — copiosus (with many words). — verbosus (with many needless words, fjg^not prolixus) : a I. speech, oratio longa, lata, copiosa, or verbosa : a I. work, opus dif- fusum : a I. letter, epistola longior, or verbosa. LONG, adv. \\ A I. time, diu ;_longum tempus : very I., perdiu : /. before, multo ($&f not multum) ante (rarely). — longo ante : /. after, multo post ; longo tem- pore post : not I. after, non ita multo post (rarely) — non ita longe post ; non ita longo intervallo (1$^° only in later writers) ; also non magno post tempore : I. be- fore, after athg, multum ante, multum post qd (e. g. mortem cs) : longer, longius ($$^° not quite so rare as ts usually supposed ; seeHerz. and Held. Cces. B. G. 4, 1); diutius ; ultra (further on; see Herz. Hirt. B. G. 8, 39) : longer than, e. g. than a year, anno longius (more rarely longius anno); plus anno; amplius anno; or amplius annum : it is longer than six months ago, am- plius sunt sex menses; or sex menses sunt et amplius (|^°)!rf diutius est quam sex menses): it would be too I., longum est ($#jif°not longum esset), e. g. exspectare, dum veniat, or eum exspectare : those to whom it may seem too I., quibus longius tempus videtur : it is I. since, jam diu est quum or quod (rarely ut). || A great while since, fyc, diu (opp. paul- lisper); pridem (opp. nuper); dudum {opp. modo). LON a 'dudum can be used only when a short time appears I. to the speaker; by modern writers it is often used wrongly for diu and pridem) : already I , jam diu, jam pridem, jam dudum (with the difference above men- tioned) : it is I. since I saw him, jam diu est, quum eum non vidi. LONG FOR or AFTER, desiderio rei leneri; desi- derare qd ; summopere petere qd ; cupide appetere ; rei studio, or cupiditate, flagrare or ardere ; cupere (with passionate or vehement desire). — avere (with impatient desire). LONGEVITY, longinqua vita, longaevitas (Macrob.). LONGING, appetitus, appetitio, appetentia (in- stinctive I.). — cupiditas. cupido (chiefly poet. ; earnest desire). — aviditas (greedy desire). — desiderium (desire, with a sense of want) : a I. for food, cibi cupiditas, aviditas or appetentia; cibi appetendi aviditas. LONGINGLY, cupide, appetenter. LONGITUDE. \\ Length, see Length. \\ In Geography, *longitudo. LONGITUDINALLY, in or per longitudinem ; (in) longitudine. — >ggg° not in longum. LONG-SUFFERING, adj. patiens. tolerans. pla- cidus. — *patiens injuriarum. — omnia toleranter ferens. LONG-SUFFERING, s. patientia. tolerantia: with L, patienter. toleranter. LONGWISE, per longitudinem (^^not in longum). LOOBY, stipes; plumbeus ; caudex. LOOK, s. \\Act of looking, glance, aspectus (oculorum), obtutus ($*j^T intuitus is late) : to direct a I. at or towards a place, aspectum or oculos qo con- verter, oculos in rem conjicere (g. t.); obtutum figere in re (to fix the eyes upon), animo intueri, animo collustrare qd (to consider) : to cast a I. at any one, oculos or os in qm conjicere ; intueri qm or in qm (g. t., to I. at). — spectare in qm, aspicere qm (as to one from whom one expects help, fyc, see C. Off. 1,17, 58. Np. Chabr. 4, 1) : to turn away a I., oculos avertere; from any one, ab qo (O. Met- 2, 770) : to avoid the l.'s of any one, cs aspectum vitare. || Air of the face, expression of the countenance, vultus (v. pr.). os (the countenance as expressive) : a friendly, kind I., vultus benignus : a cheerful I., vultus hilaris, serenus : a calm, composed I., vultus tranquillus : a composed and cheerful I., frons tranquilla et serena (C. Tusc 3, 15, 31) : a mournful I., vultus maestus : a sad, gloomy I., vultus tristis : a serious I., vultus severus ; vultus adductus (indicating intense thought) : a big I., I. of importance, supercilium grande (Juv. 6, 169) : a bold I., os durum or ferreum (os simply, only when the context fixes the sense; e. g. C. Verr. 4, 29, 66, os hominis insignemque impudentiam cognoscite) : a false I., vultus ficti, simulati : to assume a cheerful I., faciem or vultum diffundere, frontem remittere; fron- tem explicare or porrigere (poet.) : to put on a sad I., vultum ad tristitiam adducere : to assume a grave or serious I., severum vultum inducere (poet.). — adducere (indicating much thought or care) : to assume an angry I., frontem contrahere : to assume a threatening I., su- percilia tollere (cf. Cgtull. 57, 46) : to assume another I., vultum mutare (J$5^T poet., novos capere vultus): to assume a false I., vultum fingere (see Cces. B. G, 3, 19, med. ). || Appearance, a) Prop, aspectus, visus (ggp°rao2 visum). — species, forma, facies (form, shape; forma, also, beautiful form. — All five of things with or without life). — os (with ref. to the countenance). — vultus (with ref. to mien or air).— ha- bitus {with ref. to every thing else external, carriage of the body, dress, fyc. ; these three of persons) : a good I. (in respect of beauty), venustas, pulchritudo (of women). — dignitas corporis, decor (of men): (in respect of health), bona corporis habitudo ; corpus validum or integrum : a bad I., deformitas corporis; pallor (of paleness); macies (of leanness) ; languor (of disease) : a youthful I., juvenilis species : to have a healthy I., bona cor- poris habitudine esse; corporis sanitatem prae se ferre: to have a pale I., pallere: to have the l.'s of a gentleman, esse forma or facie honesta et liberali; esse dignitate honesta: to have a rough or wild I., horri- diore esse aspectu: to have the l.'s of a man, esse humano visu : to have an imposing or majestic L, forma esse imperatoria or augusta : to give a certain I. to athg, ci rei speciem addere or praebere : b) Fig. spe- cies (opp. res): it has the I. of, videtur (followed by a nom. and inf.). LOOK, v. Intrans.) specie esse; speciem habere, praebere, reddere, prae se ferre : to I. like, similem esse, videri (to seem to be like).— imitari, repraesentare qd (to come near, in shape, colour, fyc; T. Germ. 16, 5. Plin. 37, 10, 67).— facie cs similem esse, os vultumque 21 LOO cs referre (to be like in features, fyc.) : to I. likely, spe- ciem habere; spem facere, dare, atferre, praebere (to give hope) : it l.'s likely for, res spectat ad qd (e. g. for war, tumult, ad bellum, seditionem) : it l.'s likely for rain, nubilat or nubilatur (it is cloudy, overcast). — pluvia impendet (rain is at hand; V. Georg. 4, 191): to I. black, white, red, pale, nigro, albo, rubro, pallido colore e-se (really to have these colours). — nigrere, albere, rubere- pallere (to come near to these colours) : to I. ugly, deformem habere aspectum : to I. very ugly, insignem esse ad deformitatem : to I. well, forma or facie esse honesta et liberali [in respect of beauty or form). — sanitatem corporis prae se ferre; plenum et speciosum et coloratum esse (in respect of health). — decoro habitu esse (in respect of dress and manner) : he l.'s better, plenior et speciosior et coloratior factus est (Cels. 2, 2, in.): to I. well or ill, I fig.) = to be in a certain condition, hold out certain prospects, esse ; se habere (res bene or male se habet) : to I. modest, mo- destiam praeferre or prae se ferre (of mere appearance). — *ex ore cs modestia eminet (of the reality) : to I. cruel, toto ex ore cs crudelitas eminet : to I. terrible, terribili esse facie : a sad or gloomy I , vultus maestus, turbatus: to I. sad, ci vultus tristis est in ore (O.Her. 17, 13). — frontem contraxisse (opp. frontem exporrexisse, explicavisse, remisisse) : to I. cheerful, vultu speciem laetitiae prae se ferre or laetitiam prae- ferre : to I. grave or composed, vultum composuisse ; gravitatem asseverasse : to I. confused, ore confuso esse ; ore confuso magnae perturbationis notas prae se ferre : to I. like a philosopher, studium philosophise habitu corporis praeferre or prae se ferre : to I. like a girl, virginis os habitumque gerere (V. Mn. 1, 315).— puerili in ore vultus est virgineus (of features, 0. Met. 10, 361): he is not so stupid as he l.'s, praeter speciem sapit or callidus est (aft. Plant. Most. 4, 2, 29) : he l.'s like a good man, speciem viri boni prae se fert : you I. as if you had suffered some calamity, vultus tuus nescio quod ingens malum praefert. Look at, on. || Prop.) aspicere qm or qd (v. pr.). — oculos in qd conjicere or convertere (to cast the eyes upon, fyc). — spectare, aspectare (to I. at with attention). — contemplari, intueri, contueri qm or qd ; suspi- cere qd (at athg above one). — despicere qd (at athg below).— prospicere, prospectare (fm a distance. ggp° These two verbs belong to the silver age) : to I. steadfastly at, oculos non movere or non dejicere a re (at any one), or vultu cs ; oculi habitant in re : to I. at intently, obtutum figere in re ; defixis oculis intueri qd ; defi- gere oculos in re or in qd : to I. angrily at, iratos oculos defigere in qm (0. Am. 2, 8, 15) : to I. impu- dently at, impudentissimos oculos defigere in qm or qd (C. Phil. 11, 5, 10) : to I. at with longing eyes, ad qd cupiditatis oculos adjicere : to I. at athg oneself, ipse video qd : not to endure to I. at, conjectum oculorum ferre non posse : not to venture to I. at any one, oculos ci submittere. II Fig.) To consider, regard, ra- tionem cs rei habere or ducere ; respicere qd, or ad qd : not to I. at, negligere : to I. at men's persons, discrimen personae or discrimina personarum servare. See Re- gard. Look after, see Look for. Look away, removere oculos et se totum avertere (of the person). — declinare (of the eyes). — oculos dejicere a or de qa re ; oculos avertere ab qa re. Look back, respicere (prop, and fig.) qd, or ad qd, adqm; respectare (prop.) qd ; oculos referre or retor- quare ad qd (prop.) : the mind l.'s back to the past, mens spatium praeteriti temporis respicit. Look down (upon). || Prop.) despicere ordespectar qd. || Fig.) To despise, qm ut multum infra de spectare; despicere or contemnere qm ; Jn. despicer et contemnere qm : to I. down upon all men, hominen prae se neminem putare; prae se alios pro nihil», ducere. Look for or after, quaerere, perquirere (by asking). — inquirere (by tracing out or investigating).—' anquirere (to I. about diligently for). — conquirere (to I. after carefully) : to I. for a passage in a book, quaerere locum in qo libro : to I. for a word in a dictionary, •vocabulum in lexico quaerere. Look in, into, intro aspicere; inspicere : to I. in the glass, in speculo se intueri (aft. C. Pison. 29, 71); speculum consulere (O. A. A. 3, 136): to I. into athg, (prop.) introspicere or inspicere qd or in qd ; fig. to in- spect, examine, respicere qd, cs rei rationem habere: to I. into the future, futura providere, prospicere. Look out. \\To turn to a place in a book, locum in qo libro quaerere. To I. to a distance, prospicere ; prospectare. LOO Look out for. H To Look for, vid. || To des- tine, designate, destinare qm (or qd) ad qd or ci rei; notare et designare oculis qm ad qd. Look round, circumspicere, circumspectare, qd ; respicere, respectare (to I. back) : fugere sine respectu (Z. ; without looking round). Look through. || Prop.) perspicere ; ex loco in locum, prospicere. || Fig.) inspicere, perspicere; cog- noscere (e. g. librum, rationem). — excutere(e. g. biblio- thecam, commentaries criticorum). — percensere, re- censere (for the purpose of forming a judgement). — cor- rigere (Jor the purpose of correcting): to I. through again, recognoscere, retractare (in order to remove faults ; e. g. a writing, a speech) : to I. through an account, rationem cognoscere, excutere, dispungere: to I. through any one, cs animum or ingenium perspicere; qm penitus nosse. Look to, rei rationem habere or ducere; rei prospi- cere : to I. to one's own interests, sibi or suo commodo consulere; suo commodo inservire et quidquid sibi expediat facere ; commodi sui rationem ducere ; com- moda sua respicere ; prospicere commodis suis. Look up, suspicere qd, oculos tollere ad qd. LOOKER-ON, spectator; fern, spectatrix (0.). LOOKING-GLASS, speculum: to look in, or consult a I. -glass, inspicere in speculum ; se, or os suum, in speculo contemplari: I. -glass frame, forma in qua in- cluditur, or inclusum est, speculum (see Vitr. 2, 8, 9). Looking-glass maker, speculorum opifex ; qui officinam promercalium speculorum exercet (see Suet. Gramm. 22). LOOK-OUT, prospectus : to keep a good l.-out, cir- cumspectare omnia (L.); circumspectare sese (Plaut.). LOOM, s. jugum textorium. LOOM, v. sub aspectum venire ; in conspectum dari ; apparere ; se aperire. LOOP, laqueus. LOOP-HOLE. || Prop.) Aperture; see Aperture. || Prop.) Hole as a passage for missiles, fenestra ad tormenta mittenda relicta (Cces. B. C. 2, 9). || Fig.) evasion ; see Hole. LOOSE, adj. || a) Prop, a) not dense, fyc. (of the soil), solutus (opp. spissus). — rarus (opp. densus). — mollis (opp. crassus). — tener (opp. glebosus). — facilis (easy to work, opp. difficilis) : b) not tight or strained, laxus (opp. arctus and astrictus) : to make I., laxare; remittere : loo I., male laxus (calceus, H.); c) at liberty, free, solutus; see Free: the dog is I., canis solutus est catena (when he has been set free). — canis vincula abrupit (when he has broken his chain) : to let I., solvere; liberare. || b) Fig. a) dissolute, dissi- pated, dissolutus (of person's conduct): b) lax, slo- venly, discinctus: a I. style, orationis genus fluctuans et dissolutum (Auct. ad Herenn.). \\ Not costive, fusior (opp. astrictior; Cels.). — solutus (Petr.). — liqui- dus (e. g. venter, alvus, Cels.). LOOSE, LOOSEN, v. solvere, resolvere (to untie).— laxare, relaxare (to make I.). — refigere (to undo what has been fastened or nailed) : to loosen the soil, agrum mollire (about trees), ablaqueare : to I. one's hold, e manibus emittere; or demittere : to I. (a ship), solvere terra, or simply solvere (sc. navem) ; ancoram or ancoras tollere; oram solvere. (|ggp° ancoras solvere is very rare, ancoras vellere is of doubtful authority.) LOOSELY, solute (prop, and fig.). LOOSENESS. \\Stateof being loose, use the adj.; remissio (of what has been stretched tight). \\ Laxity of morals, licentia ; vita dissolutior. || Diarrhoea, alvi profluvium (Cels.) ; solutiones ventris et sto- machi (Plin. 23, 6, 6); fluor (Cels.). \\ Thinness, rarity, raritas (as a present or occasional property). — raritudo (as a constant or uniform nature). LOP, decidere, abscidere (with a sharp instrument ; [ggTraotf abscindere, i. e. to tear off).— praecidere (to I. off from the forepart, or in front). — succidere (from below) : to I. off one's hands, manus ci praecidere iHirt.).— manum praacidere gladio (C.) : to I. off one's ears, desecare aures (C.) ; decidere aures (T.) : to I. trees, arbores interlucare (Plin.) ; amputare (C). LOQUACIOUS, garrulus (that takis pleasure in talking). — loquax (that uses many tvords to express his meaning, that is long in telling his story) ; verbosus (wordy, copious; usually of things, or of speeches of the loquax) LOQUACITY, garrulitas ; loquacitas. LORD. ||.4 master, dominus : a sovereign I., see Sovereign. The Lord (as a title of Deity), summus rerum Moderator; Dominus. || A nobleman, dynasta or dynastes (a petty prince). LORD'S SUPPER, *ccena Domini ; ccena or mensa 22 LOT sacra; eucharistia : to receive the L.'s supper, *ad men- sam sacram accedere ; *sumere ccenam Domini ; *ex sacra ccena sumere cibum. LORD OVER, v. dominari in qm. LORDLINESS, arrogantia; fastus; superbia; in- solentia. [Syn. in Arrogance.] LORDLY, arrogans; insolens; superbus; fastosus. [Syn. in Arrogant.] LORDSHIP. || Dominion, see Dominion. \\A seignory, ager; regio; fines; provincia. $*j§T not ditio or dominatio. \\As a title; his Lordship, vir egregius, or simply egregius (Inscr. and Cod. Theod. 6, 22, 1 ; conf. Lact. 5, 14). LORE, see Learning. LOSE, amittere (of a thing which goes from our pos- session, and which is missed, as aTro/3d\\eiv ; opp. re- tinere. Amittere is also the proper word for ' to I any one by death'). — perdere (so that a thing ceases to be, or to be good for athg, as dioWvvcu ; opp. servare ; to I. in play, with or without an ace. of the thing lost). — deperdere qd de, or ex (to I. a portion of). — cs rei jac- turam facere (to suffer the loss of). — privari qa re (to be deprived of).— orbari qo or qa re (esply by death ; also to I. athg which contributes to our health or well-being). — capi qa re (of the parts of the body, or the mental faculties, e. g. oculo, auribus, mente): to I. leaves (of trees), folia deperdere ; foliis nudari : to I. one's head, vita privari: to I. one's senses, a mente deseri : to I. one's horse in battle, equum acie sub feminibus amit- tere: to I. colour, colorem mutare (g. t.). — pallescere, expallescere (to grow pale) : he l.'s colour, color ei im- mutatur : to I. one's life, vitam amittere (J^P°ko< animam amittere) : to 1. hope, spem perdere ; spe or- bari, excidere, or dejici: to I. patience, patientiam rumpere or abrumpere : to I. one's labour, operam per- dere: to I. time, temporis jacturam facere (to employ time to no purpose). — tempus perdere (to waste time, not to employ it) : to have no time to I., morandi tempus non habere : to I. one's way, deerrare itinere : to I. one's course (at sea), cursum non tenere : to I. sight of land, e conspectu terrse auferri : to I. sight of any one, qm e conspectu amittere ; qs ex oculis meis abiit, or e con- spectu meo abscessit (prop.) : not to I. sight of athg, qd nunquam dimittere (fig.) : to I. one's good opinion, apud qm de existimatione sua deperdere : a mountain l.'s itself in the plain, mons in planitiem se subducit, or in planitiem paullatim recedit; septimum Danubii os pallidums hauritur ( T. ; l.'s itself in). To be lost, amitti ; abire ; decedere; perdi; perire; absumi : the art is lost, ars exolevit : to give up for lost, desperare de qa, re : / am lost, occYdi; perii: to be lost in thought, in cogitatione defixum esse. LOSS. || The act of losing, amissio ; jactura; or by Crcl., e. g. duo consulares exercitus amissi nuncia- bantur (the I. of). — moveor tali amico crbatus (by the I. of). — salva, or integra, qa re (without the I. of) : without I. of time, sine mora; continuo. || Damage, damnum (opp. lucrum). — detrimentum (opp. ernoiu- mentum). Jn. damnum et detrimentum ; dispendium (useless expense). — calamitas (misfortune bringing damage). — clades (overthrow or defeat in battle) : to occasion l„ damnum ci inferre, or contrahere ; detri- mentum ci afferre, inferre, or importare : to retire without I., sine detrimento discedere : to suffer I., dam- num, detrimentum, or jacturam facere; in damnum incurrere ; detrimentum capere or accipere ; calami- tatem accipere (^"damnum, or jacturam, pati is not class.) : to suffer I. in battle, cladem contrahere : with the I. of many troops, multis amissis : to repair or make up a I., damnum explere, pensare, compensare (sar- cire post-class.), restituere ; detrimentum sarcire, re- concinnare; quod amisi, reparo ; quae amissa sunt, reficere : to meet the I. from one's own private resources, jactura? patrimonio succurrere. || Failure: I am at a I., incertus or dubius sum qd faciam ; quid agam nescio; de qo or de qa re incertus sum, quid sim fac- turus : never at a I., qui armatus semper et quasi in praecinctu stat. LOT. || Prop.) sors (g. t., also = lottery -ticket). — sortitio, sortitus (a drawing of l.'s): by I., sorte; sor- titione ; sortito (after the I. has decided) : to cause athg to be decided by I., qd ad sortem revocare; qd sorti committere or permittere ; qd in sortem conjicere : they caused it to be decided by I., which of them, fyc, sortiti sunt, uter (with a subj.): without I., exrra sortem (in an election, fyc): to consult l.'s, sortibus consulere de qa re or de qo : I obtain athg by lot, qd sorte mihi evenit; qd sortior: to make the l.'s equal, sortes aequare: to cast the l.'s into the urn or vessel, sortes in hydriam (or urnam) conjicere, dejicere; sortes LOT in sitellam ponere (g. I.). — nomina in urnam conjicere (if the I.' $ contain names, e.g., in decimation, in con- scription, 8fC): to draw a I., sortem ducere : to draw l.'s, sortiri (g. t ). — sortitionem facere {to cause to be decided by I.): to draw l.'s among one another, sortiri inter se : to draw l.'s respecting athg or person, sortiri qd or qm and (in the silv. age) de re (g. t.); qd ad sortem revocare, qd sorti committere, permittere (instead of deciding it in any other way) : to draw l.'s again about any person or thing, subsortiri qd or qm (e. g. judic-em, in the place of one previously chosen, C.) : a I. falls or comes out, sors exit, excfdit : when my I. was the first that was drawn, quum sors mea prima exiisset: the I. falls to me, sors me contingit. || Fig.) Pos ition or circumstances in life, fortune, sors; fortuna; fortunae (circumstances, good or bad) : a fortunate I., fortuna florens ; fortunae secundre : an unfortunate I., fortuna misera : the common I., sors communis : this is ike common L, haec omnibus acctdunt : to be contented with one's I., sorte sua contentum vivere (8j§^° sorte sua gaudere is rather poet.): not to be contented with one's I, fortunas suas accusare: / have a happy I., bene mecum agitur: 2" have an unhappy I., vitam miseram dego : to pity aby's I., cs sortem miserari. LOTE TREE, lotos, or lotus, i, /. LOTION, || A washing, ablutio ; lotio (Vitr.). || A wash used for medical purposes, medica- rnentum. LOTTERY, *alea sortium. To put into a I., numos in sortium aleam dare (aft. L. 42, 59, 10) : to buy a share or ticket, *sortem redimere : to try one's fortune in a I., *sortium fortunam tentare, experire : to gain a prize in a I., *in sortium alea lucrum facere, lucrari (aft. Suet. Calig. 41): to be fortunate in a I., prospera sortium alea uti (ib.) : to lose or be unfortunate in a I., pecuniam in alea sortium perdere (aft. C. Phil. 2, 23, 56) : to be fond of putting into l.'s, *aleae sortium indul- gere (aft. Suet. Oct. 70): I -directors, triumviri (fyc, ac- cording to the number) quibus sortium alea commen- data est (aft. Suet. Calig. 41); *triumviri aleae sortium propositi: a I. -director, triumvir (#c, see above) aleae sortium praepositus : a l.-list, sortium, quae exierunt, index. LOUD, clarus (opp. obtusus), magnus (opp. exiguus) ; vox clara, magna (both of the voice: |§j£f° not vox alta, Ruhnk. Diet, ad Ter. p. 74). A I. cry, clamor clarus (Plaut): to utter a I. voice, clamare, vociferari (C): to make a I. noise, fremere (esply of a multitude) : to speak out I., vocem mittere. LOUDLY, clare; clara voce dgHT viva voce is not class.) ; magna or summa voce (very loudly). LOUDNESS, Crcl. with the adjectives. LOUIS D'OR, Ludovicus aureus (as Plaut. Bacch. 2, 52, &c, Philippus aureus); "Ludovicus (as H. Ep. 2, 1. 234. Philippus). LOUNGE, segne otium terere ; socordia atque de- sidia bonum otium conterere. To I. upon; see Lean. LOUNGE-CHAIR, sella obliquis anconibusfabricata (Cccl. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 46); cathedra (an armchair used by Roman ladies). LOUNGER, homo deses; homo languori et desidiae deditus. LOUSE, s. pediculus; pedis (Plaut.). To be eaten up with lice, pediculorum multitudine corpori innas- centium animain efflare (aft. Plin. 7, 51, 52). LOUSE, v. »liberare qm pediculis; *pediculos ci legere. LOUSE-WORT, herba pedicularis (Col. 6, 30, 8). LOUSY, pediculosus. LOUT, homo rusticus; stipes; caudex. LOUTISH, rusticus. LOUTISHLY, rustice. LOVAGE (a plant), ligusticum. LOVE, v. amare (g. t., out of mere impulse or passion, of persons or things ; also absol.). — diligere (with esteem, as the result of reflection or moral approbation ; to value or prize highly; of persons or things). Jn. amare et diligere; diligere et amare; carum habere, caritate complecti (almost = diligere). Jn. amare (or diligere) carumque habere; ci studere, cs esse studiosum, qm benevolentia complecti (to feel an interest in any one, to show favour or good-will). For amare the Latins use also the following Crcls : amorem erga qui habere, qm amore amplecti. prosequi (rather of tinder affection); qm in amore habere, cs amore teneri, captum esse (rather of sexual love). To I. any one very much, qm singular! amore habere; qm mirilice diligere carurnque habere; qm eximia caritate diligere; qm in deliciis habere; qs mihi percarus est; qm in oculis gerere, gestare; qm in siuu geslare; suramum me tenet cs 28 LOV studium : to I. any one above all others, qm unice dili- gere : to I. passionately, cs amore ardere, flagrare, in- sanire (in erotic poetry also perire qa, mod cs amore; see Lachmann, Proper t. 2,4, 2): to I. heartily, ex animo amare : to I. any one as one's own brother, qm amare ut alterum fratrem ; qm in germani fratris loco diligere ; ne frater quidem mihi carior est : as one's own son, qm haud secus amare ac filium; qm patria caritate dili- gere : to I. one another, amare inter se, diligere inter se - — (ISSP" "Nos [ace] inter nos amamus is incorrect for inter nos amamus," Krebs. See also Hand. iii. p. 397 : invicem or mutuo diiigere is rare and not Cicero- nian; vicissim diligere has been formed by moderns fin a passage misunderstood, C. Lai. 9, 30) : to I. learning, literarum studiosum esse: to I. the arts, artes amare: to I. one's country, patriam amare ; patriae amore duci : to I. liberty, libertatis amantem or studiosum esse : to I. money, divitias amare ; avarum or habendi cupidum esse (to be covetous). || Followed by an infin., = to be accustomed, solere (ivith an infin.; only in Grce- cising poets and prose writers amare : or. in narrative, by the imperfect; e. g. after luncheon he loved to take a nap, post cibum meridianum paullum conquiescere solebat, or simply paullum conquiescebat). LOVE, s. || Fond attachment, favour, amor (g. t. and esply passionate attachment to persons or things; as distinguished fm caritas). — amor venereus, libido, amor libidinosus (unchaste I.). — caritas (/. to a person who appears estimable or deserving of regard; [of things, it is only applied to one's country, home, $c, patriae, reipublicae (C); sedium suarum, ipsius soli (L.)] the I. of esteem ; then gen. any tender re- gard, not passionate ; not like amor).— pietas (dutiful affection, or religious feeling). — benevolentia (kind feel- ing).— studium, voluntas (interest felt for one, inclina- tion in his favour). L. to any one, amor in, erga or adversus qm ; (where the context allows, also) amor cs ; pietas, benevolentia, voluntas in or erga qm ; studium in qm ; studium cs : to declare one's I. (to a female), ci narrare amorem suum : to be inflamed with I., cs amore incensum esse, ardere, flagrare : t>i gain the I. of all, ab omnibus (or omnium) amorem sibi c onciliare : to return love, ci in amore respondere (g§p~ not redamare qm, an expression formed by C, and used only once, Lccl. 14, 49, with ut ita dicam). — amori, amore respondere : to have or possess the I. of any one, ab qo amari, diligi : out of, from, pure L, pras amore, ex amore ; propter amorem or benevolentiam ; amore impulsus, incitatus; amans (e. g. Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 35) : out of pure I. to athg, ipsa qa re captus (see C. Eel. p. 125): to do athg out of I. to a person, cs amori qd tribuere, dare, largiri : my I. ! mea lux! mea vita! meum mel ! \\ Inclination, desire, amor, studium cs rei; e. g. virtutis : to have a I. for athg, cs rei esse amantem, studiosum ; cs rei stu- dio teneri: to produce a I. of athg, cs rei amorem ex- citare. Love-affair, res amatoria; pi. amores. To have a l.-affair, amori operam dare (Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 58). Love-letter, epistola amatorie scripta (C. Phil. 2, 31, 77); tabellae blandae, epistola blanda (Juv. ; U.). Love-totion, virus amatorium, medicamentum amatorium, poculum amatorium ; amatorium. Love-song, *carmen amatorium ; erotopaegnion (Lcevius ap. Gell. 2, 24; Auson Idyll. 13 extr.) : l.-s.'s, poesis amatoria (C. Tusc. 4, 33 extr.). Love-story, res amatoria; amores. (j^§r Not nar- ratio amatoria. LOVELINESS, amabilitas (prop, in Plaut. and later writers). — suavitas (siceetness). — venustas (agreeable- ness).— amcenitas (beauty of country, and other sensible objects). LOVELY, amabilis, amandus, amore dignus, dignus qui ametur (prop.).— suavis, dulcis (sweet, pleasant).— venustus (agreeable). Very I., amabilissimus ; bellissi- mus ; venustissimus (in respect of outward appear- ance). LOVER, || One who is fond of athg, amans, amicus, amator cs rei (the amans and amicus simply have an inclination for athg ; the amator shows the in- clination by deeds: thus, the amans pacis delights in peace, but the amator pacis also endeavours to secure peace).— cultor cs rei (one who esteems or thinks highly of allig).— studiosus cs rei (that shows an interest in athg). A great I. of athg, cs rei amautissimus ; cs rei magnus amator; cs rei studiosissimus ; consectator cs rei (one who zealously pursues an object ; e. g voluptatis) : o /. of building, aedificator: a I. of antiquity, amator anti- quitatis : a I. of learning, literarum studiosus: a I. of the chase, vcnandi studiosus: l.'s of such things, qui sunt haium rerum studiosi . to be a I. ofalltg, cs rei LOV amantem, &c, esse; qa re delectari, gaudere (to take pleasure in athg) : to be a great I. of athg, magnum cs rei esse amatorem; magno cs rei studio teneri. || A person in love, amans; amator (the former has only a lively affection, the latter also gives proofs of his at- tachment). — cultor (one who pays attention, an admirer; less than amator. — Jgg^" Amasius, = amator, is not found in classic prose) : to have many l.'s, a multis amari: to have an avowed or declared I., habere palam decretum semper qm (C. Ccel. 16, 38): l.'s, amantes (l@SP° not P ar amantium). LOVING, plenus amoris (of persons and things). — amans (well-disposed ; towards any one, cs ; of persons, and then always with a gen. ; also of things which show a good disposition ; e. g. verba). — blandus (kind in man- ner, friendly, of persons and things). Very I., aman- tissimus, peramans ; towards any one, cs. LOVINGLY, amanter; blande. Very I., aman- tissime. LOW, adj. || Paop.) not high, humilis (opp. altus). — depressus (Post-Aug., opp. editus). — demissus (sunken). A I. country, loca demissa (with palustria): I. shore, ripae demissiores (Auct. B. Alex.) : a house in a very I. situation, domus depressa, caeca, jacens (C. Fr.) : to be in a I. situation, in loco demisso (depresso) situm esse: the lower town, plana urbs (T.): I. water; see Ebb. ||Fig. a) Of the tones of the voice, fyc, (bass) gravis (C); depressus (Auct. ad H.)\ inferioris soni (gentle, sup- pressed). — lenis (opp. gravis). — suppressus, summissus (opp. magnus, contentus, clarus). To speuk in a I. tone, summisse, summissa or suppressa voce loqui, dicere ; summittere vocem or verba (see C. Divin. in Ccecil. 13, 48; Sen. Ep. 11, 5). — mussare (to mutter). — susurrare (to whisper) : to speak in a l- tone to aby, ad aurem familiariter insusurrare (see C. II. Verr. 5, 41, 107): to ask one another in a I. tone, mussantes inter se rogare (£.7,25). b)In price, vilis. A I. price, pretiurn vile or parvum : to buy at a I. price, parvo, or vili (pretio) qd emere; pauco aere qd emere : what is the lowest you will take? quanti emi potest minimo? tell vie the lowest price, indica, fac pretium minimo daturus cui sis : to be I., jacere: prices are I., jacent pretia (e.g. praediorum, C). c) In rank or estimation, humilis; ignobilis ; obscurus (C); sordidus (L. ; a stronger word) : to be of I. origin, natum esse obscuro, humili. or igno- bili loco(C), sordido loco (£.); parentibus humilibus natum esse(C): of the lowest class, (homines) infimi ordinis (C.) or generis (L.); infimae sortis (C): to raise one fm the lowest post to the highest rank, ex humili loco perducere qm ad summam dignitatem (Cj^f armarium promptuarium is a closet in which victuals are kept ; and cella promptuaria = a larder). To build or erect m.'s, horrea ponere, aedificare ; horrea (certis locis) constituere. || A literary journal, *commentarii literati; *epheme- rides literariae. Article in a m., pars, caput, cc. 11. : contribution to a m., see Contribution, end. MAGGOT, || A kind of worm or grub, vermes; vermiculus ; teredo (Plin.). \\ A n odd fan cy, mirum or ineptum commentum ; ineptiae, pi. MAGGOTY, || F ul I of mag g ots, vermiosus (Plin.). || Full of odd fancies, ineptus. MAGIC, ars magica (L.); magice (Plin.); magica (Appul.); veneficium {L.). To practise m., artem magicam, artes ma^icas, exercere, colere, tractare : to do by m., arte magica perficere qd: am. lantern, •latt-rna magica. MAGICAL, magicus. A kind of m. power, vis quae- dam divina, plane mirabilis et singularis. A m. for- mulary or incantation, carmen (magicum) ; cantio. MAGICALLY, magice; vi magica. MAGICIAN, magus (H., Lucan. IggfT incantator late). A m.'s wand, virgula divina (C.) ; virga venenata (Ov. Met. 14, 413). MAGISTERIAL, || Of or relating to a magi- strate, by the subsl. A m. office, magistratus. || Im- perious, haughty, imperiosus ; superbus ; insolens; arrogans. MAGISTERIALLY, || As a magistrate, Crcl. with the subst. || Imperiously, imperiose. MAGISTRACY, magistratus, us. MAGISTRATE, magistratus, us {one bearing a civic office; qui jura reddit). The higher m.'s, magistratus majores (in the Roman sense, those who had the im- perium) : the inferior m.'s, magistratus minor^s (in the Roman sense, those who had not the imperium, namely, ccdiles and qucestors under the republic, and municipal m.'s under the empire ; see Diet. Antiqq. Magistratus. Ig^g^ ofhciales is late). MAGNANIMITY, animi magnitudo, excellentia, excelsitas; animus magnus et excelsus (C). MAGNANIMOUS, magnanimus ; celsus ; excelsus. MAGNANIMOUSLY, magno animo; excelse. MAGNET, || Prof.) magnes, etis ; magnes lapis ; lapis Heracleus (the loadstone). || Fig.) quod ad se attrahit, allicit. MAGNETIC, magnesius, mrgneticus (the former, Lucr. 6, 1062; the latter, Claudian. demagn 26). Mag- netic power, *attrahendi, quae dicitur vis (prop.); *mira quaedam vis (fig). MAGNETISM, *magnetismus (t. t.). Animal m., *magnetismus animalis (t. t.). MAGNETIZE, *vi magnetica, qd imbuere (prop., by the magnet). — *manuum contrectatione mu Ice re, per- mulcere (fig. bi/ the hands). MAGNIFICENCE, splendor, magnificentia (g. t.)-~ lautitia (in style of living). — pompa (in processions, $c). MAGNIFICENT, splendidus ; magnificus ; lautus ; Jn. splendidus et magnificus; magnificus et lautus; magnificus et praeclarus ; sumptuosus (opp. sordidus). MAGNIFICENTLY, splendide ; magnifice; laute; opipare (e. g. domum instruere; Plaut.) MAGNIFIER, ^Magnifying glass, *microsco- pium (t. t.). MAGNIFY, || Pkop.) To cause to appear larger, *res objectas augere et amplificare. || Fig.) To exaggerate, rem exaggerare verbis, oratione; augere verbis ; amplificare ; multiplicare ; in falsum augere qd (falsely); exasperare qd verbis (of athg bad; Q. 4, 2, 75). To m. exceedingly, praster modum, supra veritatem, exornare qd ; immodice magnitudinem a rei augere. || Fig.) To praise, extol ; see Praise, Extol. MAGNITUDE, |[ Prop.) magnitudo (greatness) ; amplitudo. ambitus, spatium (with the idea of space or extent). — modus {with the idea of a certain measure). || Fig.) magnitudo; amplitudo; gravitas. MAGPIE, corvus pica (Linn.). MAHOMETAN, *Mahummedanus; *formulae Mu- hammedanae addictus. MAID. MAIDEN, s. puella ; virgo (a virgin). A little m., puellula; virguncula : a grown-up m., puella adulta; virgo: a pretty m., puella lepida: MAI he looks like a to., puerili in ore est vultus virgineus (0. Met. 10, 631): a m.-servant, puella; farnula (a waiting-maid); ancilla (a house-m.); cubicularia (a chambermaid; Inscr.) MAIDEN, adj. puellaris ; virginalis (of a virgin). M. modesty, verecundia virginea : he has a m. appear- ance, puerili in ore est vultus virgineus (O.Met. 10,631). MAIDENHAIR {a plant), adiantum (Plin ; Linn.). English or common to., Asplinium Trichomanes (L>nn ). MAIDENHOOD, virginitas (C). MAIDENLY, virgineus; virginalis. MAID-SERVANT, see Maid. MAIL. \\ A coat of steel vet-work, thorax {made of metal plates) — lorica {of leather, with metal). — cata- phraeta {for horse and rider). To put on a coat of to., ihoracem induere (P;in.); munimentum corporis su- mere {Curt.); pectus munire thorace, lorica. MAIL, \\For conveyance of letters, *cursuspub- licus epistolis perferendis {formerly, *tabellarii publici, Muret ). — rheda cursualis publica {the carriage, aft. Cod. Theod. 12, 11). — celeris mutatio cursus publici (■he quick change of horses, Ammian 21, 9). A m.-bag, ♦folliculus epistolis servandis. MAIM, mutilare (L.)\ demutilare (Col.); truncare (L.. T.); detruncare (L.). MAIMED, mutilus ; mutilatus ; truncatus ; de- truncatus ; truncus. MAIMING, mutilatio (Cels.)\ detruncatio (Plin). MAIN, adj. praecipuus; primus; maximus. The to. point, caput or surama ; of athg, cs rei ; res omnium gravissima, summa or maxima; res magna or gravis; res magni momenti or magni discriminis: this is the main, hoc C3put est; hoc maximum or primuin est: to depart or digress fin the m. point, a proposito aberrare or declinare : to return to the m. point, ad propositum reverti or redire : to make athg a m. point, omne stu- dium in qa re ponere; praB ceteris qd agere or spec- tare ; id agere ut, &c. MAIV, s. see Sea. MAINLY, maxime ; praecipue ; potissimum ; in primis; praesertim. MAINMAST, malus medius. MAINPRISE, see Bail. MAINTAIN. || To support, defend, tenere, ob- tinere (where the truth is contested). — contendere; defen- dere (the former, to endeavour to carry agsta different opi- nion, the latter, to defend; both, agst opposition). — affir- niare (to m. as true, to assert, affirm). — asseverare (to to. earnestly. ^^°in C, followed by an ace. and inf. ; in the silv. age, found also with a simple ace. 8^*HT As- serere is not classical in this sense). — efficere (to establish by proof). — disserere, disputare (to assert and discuss).— ponere, proponere, placet or videtur mihi (to lay down as one's own opinion). — dicere (to give as one's opinion: all followed by an ace. and inf).—a\o (I say that a thing is so; opp. nego) : to m. the contrary, negare : Democrilus m.'s that tio one can be a good poet without enthusiasm, De- mocritus negat, sine furore quemquam poetam mag- nura esse pos*e. i| To supply with the necessaries of life, nutrire qm (to nourish with food and drink). — fclere (in a wider sense, to furnish every thing that serves for sustenance).— sustinere, sustentare qm, victum ci praebere (to care for one's maintenance) : to to. one's self by any means, alere se qa re (e g. se suosque latro- ciniis) — victum quaeritare qa re (e. g. lana ac tela, Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 48; therefore, by one's needle, acu) : to to. one's self by selling chaplels, coronas venditando sus- tentare paupertatem : to to. one's self by the labour of one's hands, nianuum mercede tolerare inopiam. MAINTAINABLE, i. e. tenable, qui defeudi potest: hae sunt sententiae quae stabilitatis qd habeant (C. 2'usc. 5, 30, 85 ; are m.). MAINTAINER. Use the verbs. MAINTENANCE. || Defence, support, de- fensio; tuitio; propugnatio ; or by the verbs; e. g. quantum esset ad rem obtinendam. || Nourishment, support of life, sustentatio (Ul p ); use the verbs, e. g. sustinere, suslentare, alere (g§p"nutritus, only Plin. 22, 24, 53, in another sense): alimenta (Jurist, t. t., sum allowed for the m. of a wife). MAJESTIC, augustus, sanctus (that deserves high honour). — imperatorius (commanding, imposing). — splendidus, magnificus (splendid, magnificent) : a m. form or appearance, forma augusta or imperatoria ; habitus augustus. MAJESTY, majestas (exalted rank or position).— numeii (great power and dignity): clothed with to., augustus. 27 MAK MAJOR PART. See Majority. MAJOR (in the army), *praefectus (vigilum). MAJORITY. |i Major part, major pars, major numerus (in comparison with another number).— mul- titudo (a considerable number) : often by plures (more) or plurimi (rnost); e. g. the to. of historians, plures auctores : Servius look care that the to. should not prevail, Servius curavit, ne plurimum plurimi valerent : m. of votes, sententiae plures (of sena- tors or judges). — suffragia, or puncta, plurima (of citizens in the comitia) : to have the to., magnis suffragiis superare ; pluribus suffragiis vincere : to be acquitted by a very large, immense to., sententiis fere omnibus absolvi : the m. (in the senate) decided for the same opinion, pars major in eandem sententiam ibat. || Full age, plena, justa et legitima, aetas. \\Bank or office of a major, *munus prae ecti (vigilum); praefectura. A great to., muliis partibus plures (e. g. vole with aby, in cs sententiam eunt, C. Fain. 1, 2). MAKE, v. || To produce, facere. conficere. efh- cere (to accomplish, effect). — creare (to create) : to to. money by, pecuniam conficere de re : to m. great profits by athg, rem habere quaestuosissimam (C): to m. a fortune, in multas opes crescere (Plin.) : collocupletare se (Ter.): made for athg (i. e. constituted, adapted by nature), ad qd factus ; ci rei or ad qd natus factusque (opp. ad qd doctus or institutus). — \\In arithmetic, efficere (to make up).— esse, fieri (to amount ; see Col. 5, 2, 6, has duas summas in se multipiicato, quinquagies centeni fiunt quinque millia. Hcrum pars dimidia duo millia quingeni, quae pars jugeri unciam et scri- pulum efficit. C. Verr. 3, 49, 116, Professio est agri Leontini ad jugerum xxx. millia. Haec sunt ad triiici medimnum xc, id est tritici modium ioxl. millia). || To cause a person or thing to become athg, a) To nominate, facere, instituere (to institute). — constituere (to fix, appoint). — creare (to choose, elect; qm, followed by an ace. of that wch any one is made, |-c.) : e. g. to to. a person one's heir, heredem qm facere, instituere. b) To put any one in a certain state (with adjectives expressing the nature of the state), facere, efficere, reddere qm followed by an ace. of the predicate (J^gr with this difference, that facere and efficere are, to produce a certain state or co?idition ; reddere is, to place in a certain state or condition) : e. g. to make one un ■ serviceable, qm inutilem facere (as, by a wound) : to make a person better, qm meiiorem reddere : to m. tame or gentle, homines ex feris mites reddere or homines feros mites reddere (Cf. Herz. S. Cat, 14, 3) : to m. athg of a person, qm pulchre erudire (to instruct well). — qm producere ad dignitatem (to promote) : to m. much of any one, qm magni facere (to value highly). — multum ci tribuere (to assign much to any one).— qm colere (to respect, reverence) : to m. little or nothing of one, qm parvi facere (to value little).— qm conttm- nere (to despise) : to m. much of athg, qd majini facere, existimare (to value highly).— qd in honore habere (to hold in honour) : not to to. much account of athg, qd haud in magno pretio ponere. \\To cause, efiicere; facere : / did not to. him do it, non facit impulsu meo (Ter.). || 'Jo represent, by description or otherwise facere (by art, or by words). — fingeie (by art, of statua- ries, 8)C. : both take the accompanying verb, if active, in the participle; present if passive, in the inf. present; e.g.) Xenophon m.'s So rates say, Xenophon facit So- cratem disputantem . he m.'s the world to be con- structed by the Deity, a Deo construi atque aedifi- cari mundum facit. || Make away. See Destroy. || Make Haste; see Hasten. |,Make an offer; see Okfer. || Make over, transferre ; transmitter. |i Make readv ; see Prepare. || Make ur, = To constitute, efiicere, also esse (in contents, value; to consist of). — explere, implere (to amount to; the former also = efiicere) : how much does it m. up ? quae summa est? quatjtum est.' to to. up jour thousand men, qua- tuor mil ia militum explere: to m. up a great sum, longam summam efficere: the gold wch made up an Attic talent, quod summam Attici talenti explebat: to m. up a whole (of quarters), multitudinem iiitegri assequi et exaequare (see Auct, ad Her. 4, 20, 22).= To compose, reconcile ; see Compose, Reconcile. || Make use, uti qa re (mly with the id>a of need and enjoy- ment, xvKvUai) — usurpare qd (to use a thing as oppor- tunity occurs, of momentary use). — adhilure qd ci rei (to apply a thing. in a single case to a definite object, with the notion of purpose and intention) : to m. use o} any one, uti cs opera (Aw assistance) or consilio I his advice), to in. use of a toying of Solon's, ut Sulonis dictum usurpem. MAK MAKE, s. Form, Figure. MAKE-BATE, pacis turbator or runtor. MAKER, fabricator; opifex ; auctor ; or by a Crcl. artifex mundi Deus (m. of the world; Piin.).— artifex omnium natura (ft ; m. of all things). MALACHITE, malachites, ae. MAL- ADMINISTRATION, *mala rerum adminis- tratio. MALADY, morbus; aegrotado. — $g£f aegritudo in this sense is not classical. MALAPERT, male moratus; immodestus. MALCONTENTS, novis rebus studentes (Cces ) ; rerum mutationis cupidi (ft Att. 8, 3, 4); qui zegre ferunt prjesentem rerum publicarum formam, statum. §£§p° male contenti, non contenti would not be Latin.— See also Disaffected. MALE, virilis, masculus. masculinus {of men or animals) : the m. sex, sexus masculinus {of men or animals) ; genus masculinum {Plicedr.) ; sexus virilis (Np. T. ; only of men). MALEDICTION, see Curse. MALEFACTOR, maleficus {g. t. the doer of a bad action). — sons, nocens, noxius {guilty; sons, con- demned, or deserved condemnation ; nocens and noxius simply as the originator or cause of harm). — sons reus, nocens reus, noxse reus {so far as the m. is in the position of an accused person). — Ia^p° malefactor does not occur in the best age. MALEVOLENCE, malitia. MALEVOLENT, malitiosus ; malev&lus ; male- volens. — jgggT not malignus in this sense. MALEVOLENTLY, malitiose. MALICE, malitia {explained ft N. D. 3, 30, 75, by versuta et fallax nocendi ratio). — improbitas {unjust, dishonest disposition) : to do aihg out ofm., qd malitiose facere. MALICIOUS, see Malevolent. MALICIOUSLY, malitiose. MALIGNANT, malus {bad, of things and persons). — malitiosus, improbus {morally bad, of persons).— ma- lignus {evil or ill disposed ; of persons ; opp. benignus). — gravis {oppressive, violent, e. g. climate, ccelum) : a m. disease, morbus anceps ; valetudo gravis et pericu- losa. MALIGNITY, malitia; improbitas {moral depra- vity). — malignitas {ill will). — gravitas {oppressive vehe- mence ; e. g. cceli, morbi). MALLEABILITY, tractabilitas {Vitr.) ; flexibilitas (Solin.) ; lenta or mollis natura. MALLEABLE, tractabilis; ductilis {e. g. ferrum, Pirn.).— mollis (e. g. aurum, V.). MALLET, malleus. MALLOW {a plant), malva {Plin.); also malache, moloche {Col.) : of or belonging to m., malvaceus {Plin.). MALT, s. *hordeum aqua perfusum quod sole sic- catum aut igni tostum et deinde molis fractum est ; *hordeum tostum or frictum : to make m., »hordeum zqua, perfusum or hordeum madidum sole siccare et deinde frigSre {aft. Plin. 18, 7, 14). MALT, v. = to make m., see the subst. MALT-HOUSE, *domus horreo frigendo. MALTING-FLOOR, *tabulatum hordeo madefacto et tosto siccando. MALTREAT, qm nimis aspere tractare {to treat hardly, g. t.). — laedere or injuste laedere qm (ft; g. t. to injure). — ci or in qm insultare ; violare qm (to injure or damage). — vim afferre ci (to offer violence to). — male qm mulcare, or simply mulcare qm (e. g. with staves and clubs, with blows).— gj^TMale habere qm {e. g. hostem) is only = to disturb, harass. MALTREATMENT, vexatio (as an act).— injuria, contumelia (inflicted). MALVERSATION, *mala rei or rerum adminis- iratio (mismanagement). — peculatus (peculation). MAMMA, mamma ( Varr. ap. Non.). MAMMOCK, see Tear to pieces. MAMMON, see Riches : a slave ofm., nimius divi- tiarum admirator ; qui nimis divitiis colligendis servit {Kraft). MAMMOTH, *elephas primigenius ; *elephas mam- mouteus (t. t.). MAN. \\A human being, homo (g. t.).— mortalis {a mortal, m. with the idea of imperfection ; regularly usedin prose, esplyin S. T. and L., rarely in ft, only in connexion with multi, omnes, cuncti, or the like). — quis- quam mortalis (any child ofm. ; cf. Herz. S. Cat. 2, 8) : men, homines ; genus humanum, hominum uni- versum genus (the whole race): a young m., homo adolescens : quite a young m., (homo) adolescentulus : 28 MAN what m. is this? quid hoc hominis? who is the m.f quis hie (or iste) e.st homo : to live among men, inter homines esse. — ' Man' is often not expressed in Latin, esply with adjectives, and when as an indefinite subject it is implied in the verb ; e. g. many men, multi : there are men, who fyc, sunt, qui &c. : no m., nemo, nullus (no one. ffivj^T'ofnom.,' 'by §c. nom.' arenullius, nulio, never nermnis, nemine) : he is no m. (i. e. without human feeling), homo non est ; omnis humanitatis expers est: to esteem one as a man and a states- man, qm tanti facere, quantum ipsius humanitas ac dignitas postulat: to become a new m., novum ingenium sibi induere : to have become quite another m., plane alium factum esse: Son of Man (a title assumed by our blessed Lord), *mortali matre natus. |l .4 person of the male sex, homo (in respect of the weaknesses or excellences peculiar to the male sex, both intellectual and moral). — vir (a grown up person of the male sex, opp. mulier : but esply in respect of good masculine qualities, e. g. strength, courage, perseverance, fyc). — miles (a warrior, soldier): a young m., adolescens ; juvenis (older than adolescens). — In this sense also the word is often omitted in Latin ; e. g. fortune favours the brave man, fortem fortuna adjuvat: or it is denoted by another turn, e. g. to find aby an honorable m. in athg, fidem cs in qa re perspicere : common men, vulgus (the multi- tude) : man by man, viritim (to each man, e. g. tri- buere or dare, legere). — universi, ad unum omnes (all together, all to a m., for wch Gell. 3, 7, is the first to say omnes cum uno) : to march three men deep, triplici ordine incedere (cf. Curt. 3, 9, 12): they marched thirty men deep, triginta armatorum ordines ibant (ibid.): an army of ten thousand men, exercitus decern millium. || a) With the notion of strength, vir : show yourself a m., virum te praesta : I consider you a m., virum te judico : / entreat you to consider that you are a m., te hortor rogoque, ut te hominem et virum esse memineris. b) In respect of aye, opp. to children and youths, vir; juvenis (younger than vir). MAN OF WAR, navis bellica \g. t., poet.).— navis longa, navis rostrata, quinqueremis (particular kinds of ships of war with the ancients; esply as opp. to navis rotunda, a merchant-ship). MAN, v. To m. ships, naves armatis ornare (to furnish with soldiers). — naves militibus or sociis na- valibus complere : to be fully manned, suum numerum habere (of ships). MAN-STEALER, plagiarius (ft). MANACLE, manica. MANAGE, curare, accurare, curas mihi est qd, curae habere, pr; curare (all = to care for athg; the latter also frequently = to conduct the affairs of another; see Held. Cojs. B. ft 2, 18). — tractare (to have to do with). — administrare (to render one's services in athg, to ad- minister, conduct; seeMceb. Cess. B. G. 2, 22). — videre, providere, subministrare ; for any one, ci (to take care that a thing be at hand) : to give a thing to any one to manage, qd curandum ci tradere : to manage do- mestic affairs, negotia domestica curare, domus officia exsequi (of the mistress of a house). — res domesticas dispensare (with respect to income and expenditure, of the master of a house): to manage (i. e. carry on) a business, agere ; tractare (to be engaged or occupied in). — operam dare ci rei (to bestow pains upon). — colere qd, ci rei studere {to pursue with care, zeal, and dili- gence). MANAGEABLE, tractabilis ; facilis (opp. difficilis). — mollis (opp. durus). MANAGEMENT, cura, curatio, procuratio; admi- nistratio (administration, direction). — gestio (a carry- ing on, conducting, e. g. negotii) : to entrust the man- agement of athg to aby, ci qd curandum tradere ; curam cs rei ci demandare. MANAGER, curator ; procurator (esply of another's business : also with the verbs) : m. of a theatre, fabula- rum curator (aft. Plant. Pcen. prol. 3). — designator scenicus (Inscr.) ; also (in the Roman sense), choragus (Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 16); doctor scenicus (Q. 11, 3, 71; considered as giving instructio7i to the actors). MANDARIN, «purpuratus : the m.'s, principes; proceres. MANDATE, mandatum ; imperatum ; jussus; jussum. See Command. MANDIBLE, maxiila. MANDRAKE, mandragoras {Plin.) ; *atropa man- dragoras, (Linn.). MANDUCATE, mandere; manducare. MANDUCATION. By the verb.— ggf manducatio, late. MAN MANE, juba; comae cervicum {of lions ; Gell.). MANFUL, virilis ; fortis. See Manlt. MANFULLY, viriliter; fortiter; animo forti; ut decet virum fortem. MANFULN ESS, virtus; fortitudo; animus fortis. MANGE, scabies (Ce!s.) ; prurigo (Col.) : to have the m., scabie laborare. MANGER, praesepe, praesepis {Col.). MANGLE, s. *tormentum, or prelum, ad lintea leviganda aptum. MANGLE, v. || To press linen, *lintea tor- mento, quod phalangis subjectis movetur, premere. || To lacerate, laniare, dilaniare qd; lacerare, dilace- rare qd. MANGY, scaber; scabiosus. MANHOOD, || Human nature, humana natura; humanura ingenium; conditio humana (C); conditio mortalis {Veil.). || Virility, virilitas {inthesilv. age); pubertas; aetaspubes; tempus orannipubertatis. \\Cou- rage, fortitude, virtus; fortitudo; animus fortis. MANIA, MANIAC. See Madness, Mad. MANIFEST, ante oculos positus {evident). — mani- festus, apertus {clear, open). — promptus et apertus; evidens (apparent).— testatus {proved).— praesens {close at hand): m. destruction, aperta pernicies; pestis ante oculos posita : m. danger, praesens periculum : what is more m. ? quid est enim evidentius? to be quite m., luce clarius esse. MANIFESTLY, manifesto or manifeste; aperte {openly).— dilucide {clearly).— palam (publicly).— e\i- denter {apparently).— oculorum judicio {with ocular demonstration). MANIFOLD, multiplex {v. propr. ).— varius {va- rious). — multiformis {of many forms ; *Aera=multiplex). — omnis generis {of every kind). — Jn. multiplex va- riusque ; varius et multiplex ; varius et quasi mul- tiformis. — [gig^" multimodus {altered by Drakenb. L. 21, 8) occurs only in later writers, as Appul. fyc: mul- tifarius became obsolete; not found again before Gell. 5, 6] : in m. ways, varie, in omnes partes (e. g. fallere qm). — omni modo or omnibus modis {in every manner). MANIKIN, homunculus ; homuncio (C). MANIPLE, manipulus. MANKIND, genus humanum or hominum ; gens humana (C); often homines, pi. : knowledge, of m., cog- nitio generis humani (C); *scientia ingenii humani, or morumhumanorum: to impart a knowledge of m., cog- nitionem humani generis afferre (C. Tusc. 3, 23, 56) : to have a knowledge of m., *probe, bene nosse homines ; cognitos habere mores ; perspecta habere ingenia ho- minum MANLINESS, animus virilis, fortis ; ingenium virile, confirmatum: m. of speech, nervi orationis. MANLY, || Proper to or concerning men, a) as to sex, virilis {only of men) — masculus, masculinus {of men, but usually of animals) : b) as to age. — virilis (g. t.).— pubes, eiis {in a state of puberty) : manly age, aetas virilis {g. t. H. A. P. 166). — aetas adulta, confir- mata, corroborata {strong, vigorous). — aetas pubes, anni pubertas {adult) : when lie had attained the manly age, quum is jam se corroboravisset et vir inter viros esset (C. CcbI. 11, 6): to become m. {of the voice), se corroborare. || That suits or becomes a man; hence, courageous, bold, strong, virilis (g. t.). — masculus {full of vigour). — fortis {strong, brave). — gravis {serious): m. courage, animus virilis; animus fortis : a m. character, ingenium virile, confirmatum : a m speech, oratio virilis, gravis. MANNA, manna {indecl.), *panis coelestis. MANNER, || Way, method, modus; ratio; via; Jn. ratio et via ; ratio et modus ; ratio et consuetudo : this is my m., sic meus est mos; mea sic est ratio : as my {your) m. is, after my {your) m., sicut meus est mos ; ut tuus est mos (H. Sat. 1, 9, 1, & 1, 4, 45) ; also meo, tuo more, ex or pro consuetudine mea, tua ; consuetu- dine mea, tua; in nostrum modum : it is not my m., non est meae consuetudinis : you know his m., nosti ejus consuetudinem: after the m. of a person or thing, more cs or cs rei ; in morem cs ; ntu cs ; modo cs ; in modum cs : after the m. of slaves, servilem in modum : in this m., hoc modo ; hac ratione ; ita ; sic : in like m., pari modo : in a different m , varie : in many m.'s, multis modis : in every m., omni modo or ratione ; omnibus modis or rationibus : in a good m., bono modo; commode; apte {suitably): in a new m., novo modo : m. in sinying, flexiones in cantu (C. Or. 3, 25, 98). ^Custom, mode; air or mien, mores, pi. ; ingenium; vitae institutum : manners, mores, pi. (emendati, boni, optimi, amabiles, grati, suaves, faciles, modesti; corrupti; mali ; perditi) : corruption of m.'s, 29 MAN (morum) corrupt ela : good manners, decorum, decor, decentia {propriety). — modestia {opp. immo- destia). — elegantia {elegance in m.'s, or in mode of living) : general good m.'s, urbanitas ; politior huma- nitas : to observe good m.'s, decorum sequi, servare, tenere, custodire: to neglect good m.'s, decoris ob- livisci. MANNERLY, elegans ; bellus ; urbanus; hu- manus ; politus. MANOEUVRES, || {military) conversio militum in acie ; meditatio campestris (Pl/n. ; by way of prepara- tion).— decursus (cohortium). || Artifice, see Arti- fice. MANOEUVRE, v. Intr.) decurrere (i.). || Tr.) milites in armis decurrere jubere (L). MANOR, *sedes or praedium unius de principibus : m. house, *domus or aedes unius de principibus. MANSE {in Scotland), *aedes, pi. ; *domicilium sa- crorum antistitis. MANSION, aedes, pi. ; domicilium. MANSLAUGHTER, hominis caedes ; or {in con- nexion, simply) casdes ; homicidium {post-Aug.) : to commit m., hominis caedem or homicidium facere ; hominem caedere ; interficere. MANSLAYER, homicida (C). MANTELET, \\ A small mantle, palliolum. \\In fortification, testudo ; vinea. MANTLE. See Cloke or Cloak. MANTUA-MAKER, *sartor mulieribus vestes con- ficiens. MANUAL, adj. By manus (manualis, manuarius, late) : sign m., chirographum, chirographus : m. labour, opera {opp. ars ; see C. Off. 1, 42, 150; L. \, 56): / live by m. labour, opera mihi vita est (Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 16): to support oneself by m. labou;, operas (fabriles, #c.) praebendo vitam tenere. MANUAL, s. enchiridion (eyxeipidiov. Pompon. Dig. 1, 2, 2, title. $$fBut manuale, Mart. 14, 84, title, a note-book). — epitome, summariurn, liber in angustuin coactus {a compendium). MANUFACTORY, *officina operum, quae manu efficiuntur, parantur ; fabrica. MANUFACTURE, s. || Process of manufac- turing, opificium. j| A thing made by hand, opus, quod manus efficit; opus manu, arte, factum; artis opus. MANUFACTURE, v. manu facere qd; fabricaxi? conficere ; texere : a manufacturing town, urbs opificio- rum studiosa ; urbs opificibus, artificibus florens, Cele- bris, frequens ; urbs officinis nobilis {noted for manu- factories) : a piece of goods has its name fm the place of m., nomen ci rei datum est a confecturae loco. MANUFACTURER, fabricator; opifex ; textor {of cloth, fyc): a master-m., praefectus, magister, opift- cum. MANUMISSION, manumissio. MANUMIT, manumittere. MANURE, s. laetamen {any substance wch promotes the growth of corn). — stercus, iimus {dung). MANURE, v. stercorare(*r.).— stercorationem facere (intr.): to m. sufficiently, stercore satiare (tr.) : torn, early, tempestivam stercorationem facere (intr.). MANUSCRIPT, s. \\ A book written with a view to publication, chirogr&phum (see Bremi, Suet. Tib. 6).— idiographus liber (Gell. 9, 14).— auto- graphum (Symm. Ep. 3, 11), libellus. \\Any written (not printed) work, *liber (manu) scriptus ; *codex (manu) scriptus.— ggpT manuscriptum is not Latin. MANUSCRIPT, at/j. autograph us (avToypacpos, post- Aug.), or in pure Latin, mea (tua, &c.) manu scrip- tus, autographus (written with one's own hand). MANY, adj. multi; non pauci; frequentes (of persons in great numbers at any place): very many, permulti; plurimi (a great number, either as a whole, or as a part of a whole, and then followed by a gen.).— plerique (a large number, without respect to totality, and hence gig in the best writers never followed by a gen.; e. g. C. would say, not, plerique vestrum memi- nerunt, but plerique memineritis) : them, multitude ggf" Observe that multus is never put with another adj. without a copula ; thus we must say, multae et graves cogitationes ; or multae cogitationes eaeque graves. !g§|r Observe again, that when the Latins desire to express, not the notion of a whole mass or amount, but that of a large portion of a whole, they often employ the adj. with, a gen.; e. g. permulti hostium. — This adj. is a'so often expressed by substantives, as copia, vis, multitudo, magnus Humerus, %c., e. g. many men, multitudo, or magnus numerus, hominum; vis homi- num. MAN Many-coloured, multicolor (Plin.); multicolorus (Gell.). Many Times, see Often. MAP, s. tabula (in connexion, as C. ad Attic. 6, 2, 3; otherwise, perhaps, *tabula geographica) : the m. of a country, regio (e. g. Germanise) in tabula or in mem- brana (parchment), or in charta (paper) picta, de- picta (see Prop. 4, 3, 37 ; Suet. Dom. 10, 6) : a m. of the world, orbis terrae in tabula or in membrana de- pictus. MAP, v. i. e. To draw a m. or m.'s, terrarum situs pingere (Flor. § 3, prcef.). MAPLE, acer: of in., acernus. MARAUDER, sine commeatu vagus miles (L. 8, 34, exlr.). — vagus et lasciviens per agros miles (T. Ann. 2, 55, 3). See also Robber. MARAUDING, adj. praedabundus : to go in in. parties, sine commeatu vagum in pacato, in hostico, errare (L. 8. 34, extr.). — vagare et lasciv ire per agros (aft. T. Ann. 2, 55, 3).— palari per agros prasdandi causa (of several, aft. L. 24, 51). MARAUDING, s. praedatio. MARBLE, s. marmor: of m., marmoreus : as hard asm., marmorosus : to break m., marmor caedere : to saw m., marmor secare : to cut m. into slabs, marmor in crustas secare: to overlay with m., marmoris crustis operire (gg^marmorare late) : a block of m., gleua marmoris : in connexion also, gleba uaius lapidis (Plin. 36, 4. 5). MARBLE, adj. marmoreus ; e marmore (factus). MARBLE, v. *marmori maculoso simile facere qd. MARCH, s. (the month), Martius mensis (Plin.): M. wind, mense Martio spiralis, flans : 21/. violet, viola odorata (Linn.). MARCH, s. || Military gait or pace, gradus: quick m., gradus citatus (prop ), ingressus pleno gradu (fig.). \\ Military movement, journey of soldiers, iter. On the in., iter faciens (marching ; e. g. occisus est). — in itinere (during the m.). — ex iti- nere (fm the m., so that the m is interrupted ; see field. Cas..B C. 1, 24): to direct am. to a place, iter qo facere, conferre, conveitere, intendere : to change the line of m., iter mutare, commutare (g. t.); iter or viam flectere (to lake a side route) : to give the order for a m., iter pronunciare (L. 30, 10) : to give the signal for a m., signum profectionis dare (of a commander). — classicum canere (of a trumpeter, = to sound a in.): march ! (as a word of command) procede ! pi. procedite : to continue a m., pergere in itinere; iter conficere per- gere ; (rarely) iter pergere ; uninterruptedly, iter con- tinuare, non intermittere : to stop the enemy's m., pro- hibere itinere hostes : to hasten a m., iter maturare, pergere. \\ Space to be marched over, iter; iter unius diei; castra, orum, n. (a day's in.; the latter with ref. to the Roman custom of pitching their camp after each day's m. ; see Herz. Cccs. B. G. 7, 36) : in three days' m., trinis castris : on the fifth day's m., quintis castris (e. g. Caesar Gorgoviam pervenit) : after a full day's m., confecto justo itinere ejus diei: a short day's m., iter minus : to make a double m., iter diei dupli- care : to make forced m.'s, magnis itineribus conten- dere (g. t.); dies noctesque iter facere, die et nocte continuare iter (to continue marching by day and by night) : to steal a m. upon an enemy, hosti iter prae- cipes ; praevenire hostem breviori via. || Departure by marching, profectio. To get ready for a m., pro- fectionem parare: to give the signal for a m., signum profectionis dare. || Music to wch soldiers m., ♦modi militares. MARCH, v. Intr.) incedere (to m. on). — pro- gredi, proficisci (to m forth or away). — iter facere (to be on the in.). — castra movere, promovere, also simply movere (to break up a • camp, to m. for- ward). To m. three deep, triplici ordine incedere (cf. Curt. 3, 9, 12): they were inarching thirty men deep, triginta armatorum ordines ibant (ib.): to m. slowly, placide progredi (g. t.); iter reprimere (to slacken the pace): to m. quickly, celeriter progredi (g. t.) ; raptim agmen agere (on the march): to m. faster, accelerare iter: to m. day and night, dies noctesque iter facere ; die nocteque continuare iter ; diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere ; to a place, qo : to m. last, agmen claudere, cogere : to m. towards a place, pro- ficisci, iter facere, intendere qo : to march into a country, proficisci in, &c. : to m. by a place, praeter locum transire ; with an army, praeter locum exer- citum transducere: to m. over a mountain, montem transire, superare : to m. very quickly through a coui.try, ingenti celeritate regionem percurrere : to m. out, pro- ficisci (ex) loco: to m. out to battle, in aciem exire. ad 30 MAR dimicandum procedere (of the soldiers). — exercitum in aciem educere (of the general) : to m. out on an expe- dition, exercitum in expeditionem educere (of the general): to «torch out of a town with the troops, copias educere ex or ab urbe (opp. sese oppido continere) : to m. out of a camp, copias pro castris produccre (opp. castris se tenere : exercitum or copias hi castris conti- nere): to m. out fm winter-quarters, ab hibernis dis- cedere. || Tr.) deducere exercitum a loco: to in out the troops, copias ex urbe educere, extrahere : to in. out troops fm their winter quarters, ex hibernis copias deducere ; copias extrahere ex hibernaculis. MARCHES, see Boundary. MARCHIONESS, *marchionissa. MARE, equa. MARGIN, |j A brink, ora; margo; labrum; rre- pido [Syn. in Border]. || Edge of a page left blank, *margo. MARGINAL, *margini ascriptus. A m. note, •verba margini ascripta. MARGRAVE, *marchio. MARGRAVINE, «marchionissa. MARIGOLD, caltha (Plin , Virg.). MARINE, MARITIME, adj. marinus (in or of the sea). — maritimus (on or near the sea). A m. town, urbs maritima(C); oppidum maritimum (Cces.,Liv.): am. district, orae maritimae civitas (Cas.): a in. power, civi- tas navibus, or classe, valens; civitas multum inari pollens : m. forces, copiae navales (opp. c. terrestres ; L.): m. affairs, res maritimae or nauticae (C). See also Naval. MARINE, s. miles nauticus (T. Agr. 25); miles ad naves (£.); classiarius (Np.); classicus (L., T.); epib&ta (Hirt.). M.'s, socii navales (opp. milites legionarii; L.).— milites nautici or classici; classiari; classici. MARINER, nauta; nauticus (C.) ; navigator (Q.). MARJORAM, amar&cus, sampsuchum (Plin.) ; origSnum Majorana (Linn.). MARK, s. || A sign, token, signum (g. t.).— signi- ficatio (abstr., intimation); indicium (wch makes us acquainted with a thing otherwise unknown). — nota (whereby one thing is distinguished fm another). — ves- tigium (a trace; sts with indicium). A brand-m., stig- ma: a m. of love, favour, signum amoris, voluntatis: flgglTira the phrase ' it is the mark of,' mark is usually omitted; e. g. imbecilli animi est superstitio, the m. of a weak mind (C). || That towards wch athg is directed, scopus (at wch a missile is aimed). — meta (towards wch one goes or tends). To hit the m., scop urn ferire : to miss the m., aherrare a scopo, a meta ; metam non ferire; scopum non attingere. || A certain weight, selibra. || A certain coin, *numus qui mark dicitur. MARK, v. || To set a mark on, notare. denotare. signare. designare (in order to distinguish or make known). — notam imponere ci rei. notam apponere ci rei or ad qd. nota insignire. To m. several passages in a letter with red, literas minitiatula cera (aft. the Roman manner) or rubrica (aft. our manner) pluribus locis notare (see C. Alt. 15, 14, exlr.): to m. athg sus- picious in a book, obelum apponere ad qd (Isidor. 1, 20, 4): to m. out (a field, 8^c.)., terminare a^rum ab alio, metare ; metari; dimetare (into divisions): to m. out for destruction, notare et designare oculis qm ad caedem. || To note, not to forget, memoria com- prehendere, complecti (to charge one's memory with). — memoriae mandare, tradere ; memoriae infigere (to commit to memory; the latter to impress upon the memory). — (in) memoria custodire, memoriam cs rei retinere (to keep in the memory). — demittere in pectus or in pectus animumque, or (of several) in pectora animosque; animo percipere ; animo infi-rere; per- cipere animo atque memoria custodire. I have well marked that speech, oratio in animo insedit ; oratio in memoria raea penitus insedit. i| To heed, animurn attendere, intendere, advertere ; animo adesse (g. I) ; aures erigere animumque attendere, also simply erigi or se erigere (of hearers). Ma>k! adc.stote animis, erigite mentes auresque vestras et me dicentem at- tendee ! (says C. when about to speak.) MARKER, designator. Or by the verbs. MARKLT, || Time, place, or assembly for selling and buying, mercatus (assembly of buyers and sellers in public places). — mindinae (a weekly market, market-day). — forum, also with rerum venalium (a p/ace where things are sold ; cf. Market-town). To hold a m., mercatum habere : to appoint a m., mercatum nundinas instituere: to go to m., ad mercatum profi- cisci : to go, come to any place to m., qo ad mercatum MAR ire, venire : to atte?id the m.'s, go about to the m.'s, nundinas obire; circa fora proficisci ibique merces venditare {of a dealer; after L. 39, 18): to lake alhg to m., qd ad mercatum deferre {prop.) ; qd proferre, in medium proferre or promere : m.-people, qui nundinas obeunt or obierunt; qui ad mercatum veniunt or venerunt : clerk of the in , agoranomus (uyopav6p.o<:, with the Greeks, answers best to the English notion, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 44, &c); aedilis plebis (the magistrate who at Rome had the superintendence of the affairs of the m. ; it therefore very indistinctly expresses ournotion). — prae- fectus annonae {in respect of the sale of corn). || Sale, vent, venditio mercium. A good or quick m., *faeilis et expedita venditio mercium : to find a good m., ♦facile vendi: to find no m., *repudiari : that has a good m., vendibilis (opp. invendibilis). MARKET-DAY, nundmae, arum, pi. MARKET-PLACE, forum (rerum venalium). MARKET-PRICE, *pretium quo res vulgo vendi eolet {g. t.); annona {of provisions). MARKET-TOWN, forum or oppidum nundinarium; forum rerum venalium; forum; conciliabulum {as a place of assembly ; L. 40, 19, 3). MARKSMAN, jaculator (that takes an aim) : a good or excellent m., *bomo jaculandi peritus, in jaculanrio probe exercitatus. To be an excellent m., peritissi- mum esse artis jaculandi. MARL, marga (Plin.). M.-pit, puteus ex quo erui- tur marga {Plin.). MARMALADE, *pulmentum ex fructibus saccharo conditis. Quince m., succus cydoniorum {Pall. 11, 20, 2). MARMOSET, simiolus (C); pithecium {Plaut., facete). MARMOT, *marmota Alpina {Blumenb.) ; mus mar- mota {Linn.). MARQUE (Ze«er of), *literae or tabellae quibus datur ci jus naves capiendi or iniercipiendi. MARQUETRY, opus intestinum {Vitr.). MARQUIS, *marchio. MARQU1SATE, *marchionatus. MARRIAGE, conjugium (union of man and wife, g. t. ; also of animals). — matrimonium (relation sub- sisting between man and wife). — nuptiae (lawful union of a male and female citizen of equal rank, so called because at this alone the veiling of the bride (nubere) took place). — connubium (prop., the possibility or right of m. ; partly absolute, grounded on age, liberty, fyc. ; partly relative, with ref. to privilege, fyc. ; hence meton., civil m. itself, i. q. nuptiae). — concubinatus (union of parties whose m. was not considered valid ; as of a sena- tor and a freedwoman. The woman who lived in such m. was called concubina). — contubernium (primarily, union of a male and female slave, who among the ancients could not contract marriage strictly so called ; then of a free man with a female slave or f reed-woman. The slave who lived in such an estate was called contubemalis). |g^" Among the Romans the various forms of »/., ioere—a) coemptio, effected by a kind of formal sale and purchase (mancipatio) ; b) usus, when a woman lived a year with a man as her husband ; c) con- farreatio, with sacred rites at wch bread made fm far was used. A lawful m., conjugium legitimum; matri- monium justum or legitimum ; nuptiae justa? or legi- times : an unequal m., impares nuptiae : to enter upon them, state, in matrimonium ire; matrimonium con- trahere : to ask in m., sibi qm or qam in matrimonium petere : also simply, petere qm or qam : to give one's daughter in m. to any one, ci filiam in matrimonium dare or nuptum dare; ci filiam collocare or nuptum locare : to ask one for his daughter, fyc, in m., filiam, &c, conditionem ci deferre [Suet. Cces. 27): to promise m. to any one, ci polliceri matrimonium suum ; ci conjugium suum promittere (poet.): a second m., ma- trimonium novum (c/. L. 1, 46, extr.), conjugium novum {poet.) : to enter upon a second m., ad secundas nuptias transire, venire, pervenire ; secundo nubere {of a woman) : to refrain fm a second m., abstinere a secundis nuptiis . children by the first m., liberi expriore matrimonio suscepti or procreati : by the second m., liberi ex secundo matrimonio suscepti : of or belonging to m., conjugialis (poet.) or conjugalis; matrimonialis {tale) : a clandestine m., nuptiae clandestinae (Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 16); nuptiae sine testibus et patre non con- sentiente factae (Apul. Met. 6) : to contract a clandestine m., clam nuptias facere cum qo (see Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 53) : promise of m., conjugium promissum (aft. O. Her. 21, 139) : to give a promise of m., ci matrimonium suum polliceri; ci conjugium suum promittere (poet) ; form- ally, dextra data fidem futuri matrimonii sancire 31 MAR {aft. L.\, 1, extr.): law concerning m., lex de mari- tandis ordinibus (Suet. Oct. 34); lex marita (H. Carm. Scec. 20. — with the Romans it was lex Julia et Pappia Poppaea) : a certificate of m., literae conjugii legitimi testes. MARRIAGE-CONTRACT, pactio nuptialis : to make a m. -contract, pactionem nuptialem facere (L. 4, 4). MARRIAGE-LICENCE, *literae veniam conjugii ineundi testantes. MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT, tabulae nuptiales ; dotis tabellae : to make a m.-settlement, dotem dare or promittere (g. t.); dotem dicere (of the woman only): to sign a m.-settlement, dotis tabellas con- signare: to violate a m.-settlement, tabulas nuptiales rumpere. MARRIAGEABLE, jam maturus (matura) nuptiis (old enough to marry). — adultus or adulta (grown up). — jam matura viro (of age for a husband). — nubilis (whom one can marry ; only of a woman). MARROW, medulla (in animals, in plants, fyc; also, but rarely, fig. e. g., medulla verborum, Gell. 18, 4). — cerebrum (the pith in trees). — flos (fig., best of athg). MARRY, Tr.) II To take for a husband or wife, matrimonio se jungere or conjungere cum qo, qa ; in matrimonium accipere or recipere qm (g. t.) ; qam ducere in matrimonium, or simply qam ducere (of a man). — ci nubere (of a woman): to m. a woman for money, dote motus in matrimonium ducere virginem (See Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 66): to be married, matrimonio jungi or conjungi ; nuptiis inter se jungi. j| To give in marriage, collocare in matrimonium; nuptum dare, locare, or collocare ; also simply collocare (a woman). 25*jjp° Nuptui dare or collocare is not Latin. To m. to any one, matrimonio jungere or conjungere cum qo or qa (g. t.), ci nuptum collocare, or simply, ci collocare; ci (qam, virginem, filiam) nuptum dare, in matrimonium dare, or tradere (of a woman). \\To unite in wedlock, *ritu sacro uxorem ci jungere. Intr.) \\To enter into the conjugal state, uxorem ducere in matrimonium, uxorem assu- mere (of the husband). — nubere viro (of the wife) : to m. suitably to one's rank and condition, pari jungi (g. t., after L. 6, 34, extr.). — connubio cum virgine coire {of the husband) : to m. out of or under one's rank and con- dition, impari jungi (L. I. c): to m. out of one's rank, enubere ex ordine suo (i. e. to come by marriage into another rank, of a woman) : to m. into a family, filium or virginem ex domo qa, in matrimonium ducere (of the husband, L. 4, 4, p. med.). — nubere or innubere in qam familiam or domum (of the woman) :+o wish to m., conditionem quaerere or circumspicere : not to wish to m., abhorrere ab uxore ducenda or a re uxoria (of a man).— numquam de nuptiis cogitare (of both sexes). To m. again, novum matrimonium inire: to m. a second time, in secundas nuptias transire, venire, or pervenire (in general). — secundo nubere (of a woman) : not to m. a second time, abstinere a secundis nuptiis : to m. well, virginem bene dotatam ducere (of a man). — in luculentam familiam collocari (of a woman). To be married, uxorem duxisse (of a man). — nuptam esse viro (of a woman): to hove been never married, nun- quam uxorem duxisse (of a man), or viro nupsisse (of a woman) : to have been often married, multarum nuptiarum esse. Married people, manti (the married, Papin. Dig. 24, 1, 52, extr.). — conjogcs (husband and wife, Catull. 61, 234): young married people (lately married), novi mariti (Appul. Mel. 8- p. 201, 36). MARSH, s. palus, udis, f. (ggp'stagnum is any piece of standing water ; lacus a lake, whether natural or artificial; lacuna a pool): a lake overflowing its borders forms m.'s, lacus se stagnans facit paludes. MARSHAL, s. \\(fn the army), *mareschallus. A m.'s staff, sceptrum summi ducis belli insigne. || A master of ceremonies in a procession, <§c, *ductor pompae ; «designator pompse deducendae. MARSHAL, v. ordinare, disponere, digerere, in ordinem digerere qd; constituere, collocare, compii- nere, instruere qd : to m. troops, milites ordinare (L.); copias ordinare, milites disponere (Np.); aciem in- struere (Cas ); aciem ordinare (Just.). MARSHY, paluster {Cces.); paludosus (0.); uligi- nosus (Col.). MART, forum rerum venalium; commercium (a place where trade, esply barter or exchange, is carried on). — emporium (a place of trade at a harbour). — op- pidum (ubi est) forum rerum venalium (a town in which trade is carried on, see S. Jug. 71, in.). — forum, oppidum nundinarium (a place in which weekly markets are held) : a flourishing m., urbs emporio fiorentis- sima: the most frequented m. of the whole kingdom, MAR forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime cele- bratum. MART AGON, lilium martagon (Linn). MARTEN, || A kind of weasel, meles. \\Asort of swallow, hirundo apus {gen. apodis, Linn.). MARTIAL, bellicosus; pugnax; fortis; ferox: a m. people, gens bellicosa (^°woi populus bellator, tvch is poet.): a court m., *quaestio niilitaris; judi- cium militare : to hold a court-m., *militari modo or more quaerere or cognoscere de qo (Ban.). See also Court-Martial. MARTINET, *qui disciplinam in parvis rebus dili- genter adeo severeque regit, or praefractius et rigidius astringit (Val. Max.) ; *exactor asper or molestissimus (cs rei). MARTINGAL, *lorum quo caput equi retinetur. MARTYR, martyr (Prud.); *qui pro bona causa mortem subit (subiit), oppetit (oppetiit) : Socrates died as a m. to the cause of truth, Socrates pro veritate mortem occubuit. MARTYRDOM, martyrium (Tert.); mors mar- tyris. MARTYROLOGY, *album martyrum. MARVEL, &c. See Miracle, Wonder, &c. MASCULINE, || Prop.) male, virilis; masculus; masculinus : the m. gender (in grammar), genus mascu- Hnum (Q. — %§*jgT also genus virile, Varr. and Gell.; but the former is the common term). || Prop.) Of or proper to the male sex, virilis. || Fig.) bold, brave (opp. effeminate), virilis (also masculus, H.); fortis; constans; gravis: m. courage, animus virilis, fortis, constans; virtus virilis (C.) ; audacia virilis (S.) : m spirit, character, ingenium virile (S.) ; ingenium corroboratum, confirmatum (C): a m. style, oratio virilis (or fortis et virilis), gravis; nervi ora- tionis (C.) ; sermo virilis (Q.) ; oratio mascula (Muret.) : tn. oratory, vera et mascula eloquentia (Ruhnk.). MASH, s. mixtura ; farrago (mixed contents) : (for horses), polenta mixta ; to make a m., polentam miscere. MASH, v. contundere. MASK, persona (the whole m., adapted for strengthen- ing the voice; drawn over the head). — larva (an ugly m., such as the ancients used at funerals ; and in panto- mimes, see H. Sat. 1, 5, 64). — homo personatus (a masked person ; B§§|?° never persona in classical wri- ters): fig. simulatio, species (pretence, false appear- ance) : to put a m. on any one, personam ci aptare or cs capiti imponere or cs capiti adjicere (prop.): to msume a m., personam sibi accommo- dare or sibi aptare, personam induere, *larvam sibi accommodare or aptare (prop.), alienam personam sibi accommodare (fig., to play a strange part, aft. L. 3, 36): to wear a m., alienam personam ferre (not to appear in one's true character, L I. c): to assume the m of alhg (fig.), speciem or simulationem cs or cs rei indueie; simulare qd (to feign, pretend) : to drop or lay aside a m., personam deponere (prop, and fig.). — simulationem deponere (fig.) : Appius now laid, aside the m., ille finis Appio alienae personae ferendae (L. 3, 36): to pull the m. off any one, ci personam demere, cs capiti per- sonam detrahere (prop, and fig.); ci or rei personam demere et reddere faciem suam (fig., to show a person or thing in.its true colours ; see Sen. Ep. 24, 12). — evol- vere qm integumentis dissimulationis nudareque (fig., to make manifest one's dissimulation, C. de Or. 2, 86, in.). — cs animum nudare (fig., to discover the disposition of any one; aft. L. 34, 24, extr.) : to betray under the m. of friendship, qm per simulationem amicitiae prodere : to deceive under the m. of honour, qm per fidem fallere, decipere, circumvenire. MASK, v. || Prop.) To cover with a m., per- sonam capiti cs adjicere (Plin.) ; persona tegere, occul- tareqm: masked, personatus <6\). || Fig.) to conceal, tegere, occultare, abscondere qd (C). MASON, faber murarius; structor murorum; cae- mentarius (late). MASONRY, opus saxeum, caementicium. MASQUERADE, *turba personata (Dan.); *grex hominum personatorum (Jan.): a m. dance or ball, saltatio personata. MASS, || Matter, massa (g. t.). \\Great quan- tity, sum, summa (contents). — vis, copia (quantity). — multitudo (number).— pondus (weight). — moles (great quantity or size, usually with the notion of excess or un- shapeliness). — corpus (the total, body of things con- nected or found together). — turba (a confused crowd) : the m. of the booty, summa prasdae: a great m. of money, magnum pondus argenti : the m. of the troops, moles exercitus : to heap together a m. of words, turbam 32 MAS congregare (Q. 10, 1, 7): a m. of materials, silva rerum (C. de Or. 3, 26, 103). \\ A Roman service, ♦missa: a m. book, *missa!e. MASSACRE, caedes (gggTwof laniena): to make a m., caedem facere, edere : among the citizens, caedem civium facere; caedem inferre civibus: to make a horrible m., infinitam caedem facere; crudelisoimam caedem facere ; of the enemy, ingenti caede hostes prosternere: m. of St. Bartholomew (at Paris, 1572), *nuptiae illae cruentae ; cruentus dies S. Bartholomaei; ♦caedes (ggfTMotflaniena) Parisiensis. MASSIVE, solidus (e.g. columna aurea solida : of m. gold, opp. col. inaurata). — totus (e. g. totus aureus, of m. gold) : and perhaps, non pervius (e. g. annulus, Fab. Pict. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 7): the m. masonry of a temple, solida e saxo templi structura (Turnebus). MAST (of a ship), malus ((^^° arbor mali or simply arbor is poetic): to set up a m., malum eriirere (opp demittere) : to climb the m., in malum scandere. MAST (fruit), glans (quernea, of the oak ; fagea, or fagi, of the beech). MASTER, s. || As to power, a lord, potens (with a gen.); m. of oneself , sui potens or compos : to be m. of athg, prop., qd in sua potestate habere: to remain m. of athg, qd obtinere : to be m. of (fig.), im- perare ci rei ; moderari ci rei (e. g. linguae or orationi) : to be m. of oneself, sibi imperare ; animi potentem esse; animum suum comprimere, coercere : to be m. of one's anger, iram reprimere : to allow oneself to be mastered by anger, ira teneri: not to be m. of one's anger, impotentem esse irae: to be m. of one's passions, cupiditatibus imperare (opp. servire) ; cupiditates con- tinere, comprimere, coercere, frennre, domare ac fran- gere : m. of a house, pater familias or familiae herus (the former in respect of the whole family ; the latter in respect of the servants ; hence, in comic writers, the usual address of slaves to their m.). — possessor (the possessor of athg; frequently, however, opp. to dominus, the owner) : the young m. of the house, Alius herilis, Alius familiae (with the same difference as between herus and paterfamilias): m. of the ceremonies, magister officio- rum or aulae ; magister admissionum (under the em- perors). \\As to skill, a) g. t , artifex : am. in athg, artifex (with a gen. , esply of a gerund), antistes, princeps cs rei ; cs rei peritissimus (very skilful). — perfectus et absolutus in qa re (perfect in art or science). — praeci- puus ad qd faciendum (clever in doing athg; cf. Herz. Q. 10, 1, 94, p. 119 sq.): a m in his art, orator per- fectus, dicendi artifex (of a speaker).— pictor perfectus, pingendi artifex (of a painter).— medicus arte insignis, medicina or medicinae arte clarus, medicinae vates (of a physician ; the former of one in practice, the latter of one eminent for professional learning, Plin. 11, 37, 88) ; to be a m. in athg, familiam ducere in qa re (e. g. in jurecivili); (in) qa re excellere or maxime exceilere (g. t.). — eruditum esse artificio cs rei (to have learnt the practice of an art) : to be a m. in the art of flattery, ad nimiam assentationem eruditum esse : Horace is a m. in delineating human character, Horatius ad notandos hominum mores praecipuus : in this line there have been many m.'s, in eo generemulti perfecti exstiterunt : practice makes m., exercitatio artem parat (T. Germ. 24, 1). b) esply the manager of a workshop, tabernae magister (Jul. Paul. Sentent. rec. ; see Gesn. Thcs. s.v. Magister, extr.). Hence g. t.=superintendent teacher, magister(w?ttre/. to his proficiency or superiority of knowledge). — doctor (one who imparts theory). — prae- ceptor (one who gives practical rules or instructions), c) The author of a work of art, artifex; auctor (e. g. a statue by an unknown m., statua auctoris incerti) : d) as a title of respect, magister; see Gell. 18, 7, in. MASTER, v. || To overcome, conquer, supe- rare ; vincere ; domare, frangere [Syn. in Conquer]. || To comprehend, comprehendere, complecti (with and without animo or mente); assequi. See more in Comprehend. MASTER-KEY, «clavis generalis (Kraft). MASTER-PIECE, opus praecipuae artis ; opus summo artificio factum; opus p"olitissima arte or singulari opere artificioque perfectum ; artificium : this is his m.- pif-ce, hoc est praestantissimum opus ejus : many hold this to be the greatest m.-piece, quo opere nullum abso- lutius plerique judicant. MASTERLY, artificiosus, artifex (with or by the hand of a master, of things and persons).— praecipuae artis (poet.), summa or singulari arte, summo artificio factus, callidissimo artificio fabricatus, singulari opere artificioque or politissima arte perfectus (made with great art, of things) : a m. speech, oratio facta : a m. delivery, oratio artis plena. MAS MASTERY, See Power. MASTICATE, mandere (C); manducare (Varr.). MASTICATION. By the verbs. ggp° manducatio is not class. MASTlCH, mastiche or mastice (Plin): m. tree, lentiscus (Plin.); Pistachia lentiscus (Linn.). MASTIFF, *canis mastivus (Blumenb.). MAT, teges (Varr.); stragulum (Plin.); storea (of straw, L.): matta (0.) : a m.-maker, mattarum, storea- rum, textor. MAT TOGETHER, v. inter se implectere ; con- jun^ere inter se atque implicare: — dracones inter se cratiutn modo implexae (matted together). MATCH, s. \\One equal to another, or that tuits another, par (equal). — similis (like): to be a m. for, ci parem esse (e. g. bello), non inferiorem esse qo : not to be a m. for any one, ci imparem esse; ini'e- riorem esse qo ; qm sustiuere non posse : to be a m. for athg, ci rei parem esse (e. g negotiis). — rem sus- tinere (e. g. molem). || Marriage, see Marriage : to make a good m., see To Marry well. If A contest in a game, certamen ; contentio ; e. g., decertare cum qo contenrione currendo (aft. C ; in a runningm.). \\Any thing used for ignition, sulruratum (a brimstone match, Mart.)— *fissulaigniaria (any small m. in common use). — *virga incendiaria; *funiculus in- cend:arius or *fomes tormentarius (used in discharg- ing cannon) MATCH v. jungere ; conjungere; copulare. See Marry.— componere; comparare; miscere. See Suit. MATCHLESS, incomparabilis (Plin. : eximius, divinus, singulans, unicus (C). ^°in the silv. age, ccelestis was often used in this sense. MATE, s. || A companion, socius: comes; sodahs ; contubernalis ; commilito, &c. See Compa- nion. || Husband or wife, conjux. MATE. v. copulare. See Match. MATERIAL, adj || Consisting of matter, cor- poreus, concretus (C): the mind is not m., mens ab ouini morrali concretione segregata est (C. Tusc. 1, 27, 66); mens simplex nulla re adjuneta qua sentire possit iC. N. D. 1, 11, 27). \\Essential, import- ant, sec these words. MATERIAL, MATERIALS, s. || Prop.) (for building), materia (£. t.). — capis (for building). — saxa et materia et cetera aedificanti utilia (for building): to furnish m 's for building, materiari (Cces. B. G. 7, 73) : old /?/. s worked up again, rediviva, pi. A house built of bad m.'s, aedes male materiats. || Fig.) materia (of single points, to be worked up in a treatise, fyc). — res [g. I., things, opp. verba). — silva rerum (fig., a mass of notes, C deOr. 3, 26, 103). — commentarii (memoirs, historical m.'s) : to collect m.'s, silvam rerum comparare: to leave behind m.'s for a treatise, fyc, iu commentariis qd relinquere (C). MATERIALIST, *materialista, or Crcl., *qui nihil nisi corpora in rerum natura esse statuit or dicit. MATERIALLY, genere ; totogenere; natura; re; universa re ; multum. MATERNAL, maternus : m. love, amor maternus ; animus maternus ; amor parentis erga natos. MATHEMATICAL, mathematicus (g. t.).— geome- tricus (geometrical). — accuratus, certus (fig., accu- rate, certain) : to infer with m. certainty, necessaria mathematicorum raiione concludere qd (C. de Fin. 5, 4, 9) : to prove with m. certainty, «geometrica subtili- tate demonstrare qd. MATHEMATICIAN, mathematicarum artium peritus ; matbematicus. MATHEMATICS, mathematica, orum, n. ; artes mathematical (rare, not class.); mathematica, ae, /. (g. t.).— geometrica, orum, n., geometria, ae, /. (geo- metry) : to know nothing of m.'s, numquam pulverem ilium eruditum attigisse (fur the ancients made their malhemati a figures in the sand, C. N. D. 2, 18, 46); in mathematicis rudem esse (g. t.). MATIN, matutinds. MATINS, «preces matutinae. MATRICIDE, matricidium; parricidium matris ; in connexion also simply, parricidium (as a crime agst a sacred and inviolable person). MATRICULATE, || Tr.) *nomen cs referre in numerum civiuin academicorum (at an university). || Intr. nomen dare ad rectorem academiae; in nu- merum eivium academicorum referri (Herm.). MATRICULATION. By the verb, or, nominis in album relatio (Liinem). MATRIMONIAL, By the gen. conjugii, &c. con'u- gialis (poet.), or conjugalis, connubiaiis (poet.). — matri- monialis t of marriage).— maritus, maritalis (of married 33 MAU people) : m. union, conjugium maritale : m. rights, jura conjugalia or connubiaiia (poet.) : m. fidelity, conjugii fides : fides marita. MATRIMONY, see Marriage. MATRIX, || Prop.) matrix. || Fig.) i. e. mould or form, *forma or norma fundendi MATRON, matron a (C). MATRONLY, matronalis (L., Plin. Ep.). MATTER, s. \\Body, substance extended, corpus. || Materials, materia; see Materials. \\ S ubject, thing treated, argumentum ; qu stio ; locus, e. g. magnus locus philosophiaeque proprius (C. Div. 2, 1, 3). || Affair, business, res, negoiium (business). — causa \.a suit at law, then business, g I.). — cura (cure of any business or office) : an important or weighty m., res major : a small or trifling m , res minuta or parva : public m., publicae res; res publica: to look aft. his domestic m.'s, res domesticas dispensare: athg is a difficult or hard m., qd difficile est : to read them is a m. of incredible trouble, in eis legendis incredibilis quaedam molestia exhaurienda est : what is the m. ? quid (quidnam) est? quid accidit? || Cause, occasion, causa; occasio ; materia; ansa. II Substance generated in a swelling, pus (white and viscous m., properly so called). — sanies (m. mixed with blood, unripe m.) : full of m., purulentus : to turn to m., to form m., in pus verti; to ripen m., pus maturare : to excite or generate m., pus movere. MATTER, v. i. e. to import, cs momenti esse: if. m.'s much, little, hoc multum, non multum (|§2P"mo£ parum), magni, parvi refert or interest : that m.'s nothing, id nihil refert: that m.'s every thing, in eo omnia vertuntur; hoc caput rei est; inde omnia pendent : it m 's, interest, refert (interest with a gen., denotes the interest wch one has in athg ; refert the im- portance wch one attributes to a thing). Here observe the following rules ; a) the person to wfiom a thing m.'s, is put in the gen. ; but of the personal pronoun we find the ablatives, mea, tua, nostra, vestra; e.g. it m.'s to me, mea interest or refert. [See Transla- tor's note on Zumpt, § 449.]— But refert, in the golden age, takes only the abl., never the gen. of a substantive ; frequently, however, interest and refert are used absolutely : b) that wch 7n.'s is expressed by an inf., or by Crcl. with an ace. and inf., or by an, quis, quid, ubi, quando, ut, ne, &c. ; e. g. multum interest, te venire (C); quid illius interest, ubi sis? (C); illud mea magni interest, te ut videam (C); c) hou< much? is expressed sometimes by the adv.'s, magnopere, magis, maxime, minime, multum, permultum, plurimum, nihil, &c. : sometimes by a gen. of value, as, magni, permagni, parvi, pluris, tanti, quanti, &c. MATTOCK, ligo. MATTRESS, stratum. MATURE, adj. maturus, tempestivus (prop, and fig.): adultus (having reached the years of maturity, propr. and fig. e. g. Athens adults opp. nascentes) : a m. judgement, judicium firmum, certum, subtile, rectum, verum (C ). j@$^°' not medium). A powerful m., medicamentum or remedium elficax : a in. that works quickly, medicina or remedium prgesens. medi- cina strenua (opp. rem. pigrum): a weak or powerless m., medicina imbeciila: a m. too weak for the disorder^ medicina imbecillior quam morbus: a strong m., re- medium acre ; medicamentum vehemens : a useful or good m., medicamentum or remed. salutare: the m. ivorks well, medicamentum commode facit (Cels.) : to take m., medicinam accipere; medicamentum bibere, sumere : to take m. for athg, ci rei medicinam or re- medium (sibi) auhibere ; in re remedio uti : to give aby m., dare ci medicamentum (ad or contra qd) : medicamentum potui dare ci (if it is a draught) ; for a disorder, medicinam opponere morbo : to prescribe m.'s, aegrotanti remedia praecipere or praescribere ; morbo remed ia proponere : the physician goes on with the same m., medicus perseverat remedium adhibere : to mix up or compound m.'s, medicamentum parare (C); com- ponere (Col.) ; temperare (Scrib. Larg.); in poculo di- luere (Curt.; the last only if it is a draught): ihe m. begins to work, medicamentum concipitur venis, dif- fundit per venas : not to require m., medicina non egere : the preparation or compounding of m. s, medi- camentorum compositio : a compounder of m.'s, medi- camentarius. )| The medical art, medicina, ars medicina (C). ars medicinal (Q.). ars medicamen- taria (Plin.). ars medicinalis (Cels.). disciplina medi- cinae (Vitr.). — ars medendi. — ea pars medicinae, quas medicamentis medelur (opp. surgery and dietetics, Cels.). To study m., medicinae studere : to practise m., medicinam exercere (C); f'acere, factitare (Q.) : to understand or possess a knowledge of m., artem medi- cinam tenere (Sulp. ap. C). — medicinae scientiam tenere (Serv. ap. C). — medendi peritum esse (Plin.). MEDICINE CHEST, narthecium (C); pyxis medi- camentaria. To take medicines fm am.- chest, medi- camenta de narthecio proniere. MEDIOCRE, mediocris ; modicus. — medius (in the silv. age). MEDIOCRITY, || The mean, mediocritas qua* est inter nimium et parum (C); medium quoddam (C.) ; temperamentum (Plin.Paneg. 3). ^Moderate qua- lity, mediocritas; tenuitas (C). MEDITATE, \\ To reflect upon, cogitare, com- mentari, qd, or de qa re (to think over athg), meditari ; upon athg, qd or de qa re (to consider how athg ought to be ; hence, to study). Jn. de qa re commentari atque meditari. || To design, intend, see Design. MEDITATION, cogitatio (thought).— meditatio (spe- culative reflection). — commentatio ; Jn. commentatio et meditatio (deep reflection). MEDITATIVE, cogitans, prudens (C); medita- bundus (Just.). MEDITERRANEAN, mediterraneus (opp. mariti- timus, Cces., Plin.) : the M. sea, mare medium, in- ternu m, or (as the Bomans would say) mare nostrum (But gi^" not mare mediterraneum in this sense; Isidor. applies this to the ocean between Asia, Africa, and Europe). MEDIUM, medium quoddam (C). See Mean. MEDLAR, v. mespTlum (Plin.) : m. tree, mespflus (ib.). MEDLEY, s. farrago (of things, Juv. 1, 86).— sartago (of words; Pers. 1, 80): a literary m., libri varii, diversi generis, argumenti. MEDLEY, adj. mistus or mixtus ; commistus; permistus (C), promiscuus (L.); miscelius (Gell.); miscellaneus (Appul.): a m. group, circulus promis- cuus (aft. T. Ann. 12, 7). MEDULLARY, *in medulla. *ad medullam per- tinens ; or by the gen. of medulla. — medullaris (Appul.). MEE MEEK, demissus(C); submissus {Cees.; humble). — modestus, verecundus (in outward behaviour; opp. immodestus, superbus, ferox). MEEKLY, submisse ; animo demisso or submisso ; humiliter : multis verbis et supplex orat qs {entreats m.). MEEKNESS, modestia; verecundia; animus sub- missus or demissus. MEET, adj. see Fit. MEET, v. || By accident, offendere qm (to hit aby or athg accidentally ; of persons or things ; hence, to in.). — incurrere in qm or qd (of persons or things; to run agst : hence, to m.). — incidere in qm (to fall in with a person). — Jn. incurrere atque incidere in qm.— oc- currere ci (to run agst him ; to m ).— se obviam ferre or efferre (of the person, whom.'s us).— \\ To encounter, obviam ire. occurrere. occursare. se obviam ferre or efferre. [Syn. in Encounter.] concurrere or con- gredi cum qo (fight with). — To m. death fearlessly, acriter se morti offerre. prompte necem subire (of a violent death) : to in. danger, periculo obviam ire, se offerre, se opponere, or objicere: wherever we go, some historical recollection m.'s us, quacumque ingredimur in qam liistoriam vestigium ponimus (C). — sis conve- nire (to have an interview with: Naucrates, quem con- venire colui, in navi non erat, Plaut.) : to m. aby's ob- jections, quae qs contra dicit, refellere. || Meet with, Tr.) a) Obtain, Receive. See these words, b) to have athg happen to one, contingere qm (of good things). — accidere ci (of evils) : to m. with opposition, impugnari (of an opinion) : to m. with a repulse, recu- sari : / m. with a misfortune, malum mini accidit (See Happen). Intr.) \\In a friendly mangier, convenire or congredi inter se (purposely). — concurrere inter se (accidentally). \\ In a hostile manner, (inter se) concurrere (of corporeal substances, or of combatants). — (inter se) congredi (of two combatants or two armies). — signa inter se conferre. cum infestis signis concurrere (of two armies). — collidi inter se (of ships running agst each other). Impropr.) || Meet to- gether, a) Prop.) coire. convenire. cogi. se congre- gare. confluere. frequentes convenire. [Syn. in As- semble.] b) Fig.) i. e. to concur; vid. Concur: many causes seem to have met together, multae causae convenisse unum in locum atque inter se congruere videntur (C). MEETING, \\A coming together, conventus; concursus : an accidental m., concursus fortuitus. \\An assembly, conventus; ccetus ; concio [Syn. in Assembly] : place of m., locus ad conveniendum dictus (L.); locus conveniendi (C). MEETLY. MEETNESS. See Fitly, Fitness. MEGRIMS, || A disease, hemicranium. \\An odd fancy, mirum or ineptum commentum ; ineptias, pi. MELANCHOLIC, melancholicus (C). MELANCHOLY, adj. tristis; maestus. MELANCHOLY, s. || As a disease, melancholia (Med.); atra bilis (C). || Sadness, tristitia; maestitia. MELILOT, meliolotus, or melilotum (Plin.) ; ser- tula Campana (Plin.) ; trifolium melilotus (Linn.). MELIORATE, see Amend. MELIORATION, Crcl. by melius facere. See also Amendment. MELLIFEROUS (mellifer, 0.) ; mellificus (Col.). MELLIFLUOUS, mellifluens (Auson.). mellifluus (Avien.); Crcl. with mel ; or mellitus (sweet as honey, C; Plin.); melleum saporem habens. MELLOW, maturus, tempestivus, coctus (ripe, vid.). Jn. maturus et coctus (e. g. poma, C); mollis (molle vinum, V.), mitis (soft, g. t.). — succidus, succosus (soft with juice). — lenis, mollis, placidus (soft in sound). — ebrius ; ebriolus, ebriolatus (Plaut. ; saturated with liquor, almost intoxicated). MELLOWNESS, maturitas (ripeness). — molli ies (softness). Use the adj. MELODIOUS, bene sonans (C.).— canorus (C*.).— sonorus (Tib.). — numerosus (of style or verses). MELODIOUSLY, modulate (e. g. cancre). — nume- rose (e. g sonare) : Jn. modulate et numerose. MELODIOUSNESS, sonus gratus, suavis, jucun- dus. MELODRAME, *drama musicum ; or (?) melicum. MELODY, sonus dulcis, suavis, elegans (of style, 8fc.) ; numerus. sonus. MELON, cucumus melo (Linn.). MELT, Tr. Prop.) \\To make liquid, liquare; liquefacere; conflare; excoquere; solvere (Lucr.; nivem, O.) : torn, together (of metals, fyc), conflare. Fig.) \\To soften, move to pity, frangere cs animum; (lacrimis) cs misericordiam commovere. Intr. || Propr.) To 37 MEM become liquid, liquescere; liquefieri ; solvi ; dilabi : ice, #c. m.'s (or thaws), glacks dilabitur (C.) ; discu- titur (Curt.); labescit (Lucr.) ; (nix)liquescit (L. ; cera, chalybs in fornace, liquescit [V.): to m. with heat, calore tabescere (C). || Fig.) To be moved to pity, moveri; frangi; tabescere (e. g. desiderio, amore): to m. into tears, se dare lacrimis; effusius flere (C); indulgere lacrimis (0.); effundi in lacrimas (T.). MELTING, liquatio (Vopisc). coctura (g. t. for pre- paring by heat, Col. Plin.).— conflatura (m. together of metals, Plin.). Use the verbs: (of brass, 8(c) fusura (Plin.); flatura (Vilr.): m. of colours one into another, harmoge (Plin.); commissurae et transitus colorum (id. 35, 5, 12). MELTING-HOUSE, officlna aeraria (brazier's shop) ; or simply, aeraria (Plin.); *fornax liquatorius (the furnace), or *ofiicIn a liquatoria, officina venismetallicis excoquendis. MEMBER, || .4 component part of an animal body, articulus (a joint which connects single m.'s). — artus (pi. ; the limbs, as connected with the body by joints and sinews: the singular does not occur until the later poets of the silv. age). — membrum. pars cor- poris (any part of the human body in respect of the head and trunk; cf. V. JEn. 9, 490 ; quse nunc artus avulsa- que membra, Et funus lacerum tellus habet?). \\A part of a whole, a) of a sentence, articulus, incisio, incisum (a shorter m., Kojujua). — membrum (a longer one, kwAoi/, see Clause): b) one of a society of per- sons; to be rendered in Latin by various terms; mem- brum can be used only when the whole is (fig.) ex- pressed by corpus, and pars only in expressions such as that in T. Germ. 13, 2, ante hoc pars domus videntur, mox reipublicae (therefore of several) : a m. of a council, vir or homo senatorius; senator: am. of a community, civis : a m. of a family, gentilis (belonging to a gens); homo de cs stirpe : the m.'s of a family, domus: a m. of a party or faction, vir factionis : a m. of a society, socius (espty of a society for business). — sodalis (esply of a society for feasting). — homo ejusdem corporis (a m. of the same corporation, fyc. ; see L. 4, 57 : so also, nostri or sui corporis homines, see L. 6, 34 ; or simply nostri, sui, see L. 4, 57) : to be a m. of an academy, *academiae socium ascribi : to become a m. of a league, ci consilio contribui (of a people, 8fc). MEMBERSHIP, communio; communitas; societas; conjunctio; consociatio atque communitas. MEMBRANE, || Of animals, membrana (C.) ; cu- ticula (Juv.) ; membranula (Cels.) : natura oculos tenuissimis membranis vestivit (C, m.'s). || Of plants, folliculus (Varr.). MEMBRANEOUS, membranaceus (P/ire.).— g5|r not membraneus, i. e , of parchment, Pand. MEMOIR, *libellus in memoriam cs compositus ; ♦libri de vita cs acta scripti (or liber — scriptus) ; laudatio (a panegyric; g|gr elogium, an epitaph): to write a m., vitam cs narrare, enarrare; de vita cs exponere : to publish a m. of aby, librum de vita cs edere, vitas memoriam componere (Suet. Claud. 1). MEMORABLE, notabilis (remarkable; of things; f^j^Tof persons, first in the silv. age). — memorabilis, com- memorabilis, commemorandus, memoratu dignus (worth mentioning). — memoria dignus, memorabilis, memoriae prodendus (worthy of record), historia dignus (worth relating ; therefore also, worth knowing ; see C. AH. 2, 8, 1 ; all these of things). — insignis (re- markable, distinguished, of persons or things) : nothing are. occurred, nihil memoria dignum actum : this year will be m. for, hie annus insignis erit hac re. MEMORANDUM, nota: m. book, liber memo- rials (Suet.); commentarius (C); commentarium : to enter in a m. book, in commentarium referre ; qd me- moriae causa referre in libellum. MEMORIAL, adj. memorials ; or wilh the subst. MEMORIAL, s. \\ A monument, monumentum. || A n address of solicitation, libellus supplex (Mart.); or simply libellus (C); literae supplices. MEMORY, ! | The faculty, memoria: natural m., naturalis memoria (opp. artificiosa memoria; see Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 29): a system of artificial m.. artificium memoriae (Auct. ad Her. 3, 16, 28): an excellent m., memoria singularis : a retentive m., memoria tenax : to have a good m., memoria valere, vigere : a liar ought to have a good m., mendacem memorem esse oportet (Q. 4, 2, 91 ; Appul. Apol. p. 318, 32) : not to have a good m., *parum valere memoria: my m. fails me, memoria mihi non constat ; memoria labat ; memoria labor ; memoria me deficit : qd mihi non suppetit : to have in m., in memoria ha- bere, tenere, memoria complecti : to retain in m. f MEN in memoria cusfodire; memoriam cs rei retinere : to impress upon the m., memoriae tradere, mandare, committere, (strong'y) memoriae inrigere : to commit to m., memoriae mandare, tradere, committere, inrigere : to repeat or recite from m., memoriter pronunciare, recitare ; ex memoria exponere : to recal a thing to the ?)i. of another, ci qd revocare, reducere in memo- riam ; recognoscere qd cum qo : to recal a thing to one's own m., reminiscendo recognoscere : to banish fm one's m., qd ex memoria deponere; memoriam cs rei deponere or abjicere; evellere qd e memoria. || Remembrance, memoria: to Isave a m. of his name, memoriam sui relinquere : to cherish the m. of; see Cherish. \\ A memorial, monument, monumen- tum. MENACE, v. minari, minitari (C.) ; minis uti: to m. with athg, comminari ci qd.'intentare ci qd. MENACE, s. minatio [act of menacing). — minas, pi. [threatening words, $c); verbum minax (0.). MENACING, minax, minans, minitans (C); mini- tabundus (L.): a m. letter, literae minaces. MENAGERY, vivarium (Plin.). MEND, Tr.) II To repair, sarcire, resarcire (to m. what is torn).— reconcinnare (to put properly together again, to repair) : to m. a garment, vestein resarcire, reconcinnare. [| To amend, correct, melius facere or conficere ; corrigere ; emendare ; Jn. corrigere et emendare; emendare et corrigere. [Syn. in Amend.] Intr.) II To grow better in health, meliorem fieri; ex morbo convalescere ; ex incommoda valetu- dine emergere ; / am beginning to m., meliuscule est mihi. || To improve (of fortune, $c), esse in me- liore loco. \\To improve in morals or conduct, mores suos mutare ; in viam redire ; ad virtutem redire or revocari; ad bonam frugem se recipere. MENDACIOUS, mendax; mendaciis assuetus; vanus ; totus ex mendacio factus (of persons). — men- dax, faisus, vanus, commentarius (of things). MENDACITY, vaniloquentia (L.)\ vanitas (opp. Veritas, C). MENDICANT, adj. mendicus (that has a claim on the benevolence of others, nra>x°?)- — egenus, in prose usually egens (without common necessaries, ev8eij<:): to be m , in summa egestate or mendicitate esse ; in summa, mendicitate vivere; vitam in egestate degere : to be reduced to a m. state, ad mendicitatem redigi ; ad pudendam paupertatem delabi : to make any one m., omnibus bonis evertere; ad rerum omnium inopiam redigere: a m. monk, monacbus stipem cogens (aft. C. de Legg. 2, 9, 22).— monachus mendicus (aft. H. Sat. 1, 2, 2); *monachus mendicans. MENDICANT, s. mendicus. See also Beggar. MENDICITY, mendicitas (7rTa>xe«a).— egestas (g. t., want of necessaries). Jn. egestas ac mendicitas. See also Beggary. MENIAL, servilis : a m. office, munus servile : a m. servant, servus (-a), famulus (-a). MENSTRUAL, MENSTRUOUS, menstruus (C.) ; menstrualis (Plant.). MENSURABLE, quod metiri possumus ; quod me- tiendo assequi licet. MENSURATION, || The art of measuring, ars metiendi, dimetiendi (practical). — mensurarum ratio (theoretical) : to understand m., mensurarum rationem nosse. || The practice of measuring, dimensio, metatio (measurement) ; of verses, modificatio ver- suum. Or by the verbs. M ENTAL, mly by yen. mentis, animi or ingenii : m delights, animi voluptates, or delectatioues : sts tacitus (silent) : to be condemned by a m. censure, tacita existimatione reprehendi : mental power, ingvnium {talents, genius) — sollertia (m. dexterity, practical genius). — docilitas (power of learning, of improving) — ingenii facultas (talent for a particular pursuit, (gg^" not talents, collectively, which is ingenium).— facultas with gen. (power to do athg, e. g. to speak, dicendi). — mental powers, ingenium, facultates (C. de Invent. 1, 27, extr.), animi vis, virtus, hominis sollertia: to cultivate one's mental poiver, an i mum men- temque excolere. To be a person of consider- able mental power, ingeniosum esse, ingenio abundare. MENTALLY, mente; animo; cogitatione. MENTION, s. commemoratio (of something pre- viously existing). — mentio (g. t.) : cursory m., inter- jectio verborum (Auct. ad Her. 1, 6, 9) : to make m. of a thing, mentionem facere cs rei or de re; see To Mention : to make m. of any one, in commemoratione cs versari (see C. Brut. 49, 181): to make grateful m. of aby, qm grata, commemoratione celebrare. 33 MER MENTION, v. || To notice, or signify in words, memorare, commemorare, rem or de re (to utter a previous thought). — meminisse (to show that one has not forgotten a thing). — Jn. meminisse et com- memorare; mentionem cs rei habere (to entertain a thought, and to utter it). — mentionem facere cs rei or de re, mentionem cs rei movere, inferre, injicere (to cause the hearer to have or to renew an idea) : to m. casually, (casu) in mentionem cs rei inctdere : to m. in pussing, mentionem cs rei inchoare (L. 29, 23) : to m. frequently, mentionem cs rei agitare ; crebro or crebris sermonibus qd usurpare: without mentioning, $c, ut omittam, quod &c. ; ne dicam, quod &c. : not to m. all these circumstances, §-c., omissis (or remotis) his rebus omnibus : not to m. this, that, <§c, ut taceam, ut sileam, followed by an ace. and infin.; utpraeteimittam, followed by quod or an ace. and infin. ; praeterquam or praeter id, quod, &c. \\To acquaint, inform; see Inform. MEPHITIC, foetidus ; male olens. MERCANTILE, mercatorius (Plant. Bacch 2, 3, 2): usually by the gen., mercatoris {of a merchant), or mercatorum (of merchants). MERCENARY, adj. mercedis avidus ; praeter mo- dura appetens : illiberalis et sordidus (with ref. to things or persons) : a m. spirit, nimium mercedis stu- dium; mercedis aviditas. MERCENARY, s. mercenarius; conducticius : am. (i. e. paid soldier), miles mercenarius ; mercede con- ductus: them's, catervae conducticiae (A T jt>. Chabr. 1, 2) ; exercitus conducticius (?iot conductus) : to serve as a m., mercede militari (Curt. 6, 5, 7) : to have or employ m.'s, milite mercenario uti (L. 5, 4): mercenaries, i. e., hired workmen, operae mercenariae, or mercede con- ducts? (C). MERCER. Silk-m., sericarius negotiator (Inner. Orell.), or simply sericarius (Inscr. Fabr.) : a m.'s shop, taberna sericaria: officina vestium promercalium (if dresses are made there). MERCERY. Silk-m., negotiatio sericaria. MERCHANDISE, mercatura (esply, wholesale deal- ings ; trade of a merchant who goes to sea). — mercatio (a buying and selling, Gell. 3, 3). — negotium, or pi. negotia (business which one follows, esply of a money- lender or corn-merchant). — commercium (commerce, traffic) ; article of m., merx (goods) — res venales (things for sale) : to be an article of m., in merce esse. MERCHANT, qui rem gerit et lucrum facit (g. t, one who follows a business for gain). — mercator (esply a wholesale dealer, who sails in his own ship). — nego- tiator (an agent for the supply of corn, business of exchange, fyc.) : to be a considerable m., non ignobilem mercaturam facere. MERCHANTMAN (ship), navis mercatoria (Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2). — navis rotunda (opp. navis longa, i. e. a ship of war). — navis oneraria (g. t., a ship of burden). MERCIFUL, misericors (v. pr.).— benignus, bene- ficus (kind, benevolent) : to be m., misericordia com- motum or captum esse-: to be m. towards aby, mise- ricordem se praebere ci; misericors esse in qm. MERCIFULLY, cum misericordia (Ifgg^misericordi- ter, uncluss.) : to deal m. with aby, misericordia uti in qm ; misericordem se praebere in qm. MERCILESS, immisericors ; durus ; ferreus (with- out feeling). MERCILESSLY, immisericorditer ; duriter. MERCURY, \\The planet so called, Mercu- rius. || Quicksilver, argentum vivum (Plin., Vitr., in its natural state). — hydrargyrus (Plin.). — mercurius (t. t. prepared). \\A plant, mercurialis (Linn ). MERCY, || Compassion, misericordia; animus misericors: to show m. to, misericordiam ci impertire, tribuere : that cannot hope for m , cui omnes aditus misericordife praeclusi sunt (C. Verr. 5, 8, 21): the brethren (sisters) of m., *monachi (monachae) aegroto- rum et egentium curatores, curatrices. See also Com- passion. || Clemency, dementia; mansuetudo: le- nitas; indulgentia. [Syn. in Clemency.] — To .■•how m. to ahy, clementer agere cum qo ; clementer tractare qm ; gratiam facere delicti. MERE, solus (not more, and not fewer). — merus (puie, without foreign addition; e. g. nugae). — sincerus [pure, genuine, nothing else than, e. g., equestre prcs- lium). 'Mere' is also expressed in Latin by ipse (before its noun); e. g., by a m. look, ipso aspectu (Np. I ph. 3, 1) MERELY(on^), solum; tantum; tantum modo. Or by the adj. MERETRICIOUS. Prop.) meretri. ius ; impu- MER dicus; libidinosus. Fig.) *quo qs facile decipi possit ; illecebrosus. MERETRICIOUSLY. Prop.) libidinose (C.) ; me- retricum more or modo. Fig.) illecebiose ; or rather by the subst., illecebree. MERGE, see Dip, Sink. MERIDIAN, || Mid-day, meridies ; tempus me- ridianum. || Supposed circle wch the sun passes at noon, circulus meridianus (Sen. N. Q. 5, 17,3); and simply meridianus (Veil., H.): the line of m., linea aequinoctialis or meridiana; or simply meri- diana (Vitr. 9, 5). Fig.) Height, summit, sum- mum; fastisium ; summum culmen (L.). MERIDIONAL, meridianus (C). MERIT, s. meritum (that whereby one has deserved well). — dignitas, virtus (weight of character). — laus (that wch is attributed io us as an excellence).— merces, edis ; operse pretium (reward deserved) : according to m , merito ; pro merito ; pro dignitate : a man of great m., vir praestans virtute (C. Off. 2, 12): to commend athg ace. to its m., ex vero celebrare qd (S.) : the m.'s of a case, ratio : to lay up a stock of m.'s, de qo optime, praeciare, mirifice merere (gg|rmerita sibi colligere, parare comparare are not Latin) MERIT, v. merere (to earn) — mereri (to deserve). — promerere (rare). — dignum esse qa re ; demerere; com- merere (usually in a bad sense; but demerere in a good sense). MERITED, debitus; meritus (due, deserved): m. punishment, debita or merita poena. MERITORIOUS, mercede, praemio dignus; prae- ciare or mirifice meritus (C). MERITORIOUSLY, bene; optime; or rather with the verb, e. g., hac re optime meruisti, meritus es. MERLE, merula (Linn.). MERLIN, falco aesalon (Linn.). MERRILY, hilare; hilariter; laete. MERRY", bilaris; hilarus; laetus ; gaudio or laetitia affectus ; laetitia plenus ; gaudio perfusus; laetitia gestiens : to be m., hilarari, laetitia affici(C); exhilarari (Col). MERRY-ANDREW, MERRY-MAKER, homo jocosus, ridiculus (g. t. a jester). — coprea (a kind of court fool). — sannio (a buffoon who made sport by gesti- culations; he had his head shorn, and wore a dress of patchwork; and g. t ). — scurra (a wit).— maccus (the hirlequin in Atellane plays of the Romans; aft. Diom. 488, Putsch.). MERRY-MAKING, voluptas; gaudium. ME-> ENTERIC, *mesentericus, or by the gen. mesenterii, e. g. vena or arteria mesenterii (t. t.). MESH, s. || Interstice of a net, macula (C). H A net, vid. MESH, v. (To catch as in a net), illaqueare ; irretire ; capere qm qa re. MESHY, *maculis pleuus ; reticulatus (made like a net. Varr.). MESMERIZE, 'manuum contrectatione mulcere or permulcere. MESS, s. !| Portion of food, demensum an- nonae (militaris, Juv.). \\ Number of persons who eat together, couvivae, pi. ; convictus, sodalitium: a m. mate, convictor; convivator; compransor : to have aby for one's m. mate, habere qm in convictu (Np.). \\A hotch-potch, farrago; perturbatio et confusio rerum. \\ State of dirt, see Dirt. \\ A position of difficulty (in low colloquial language), res miserx' : to be in a desperate m., pessimo loco sunt res cs ; miserae, afilictae, sunt cs res ; pessime agitur cum qo. MESS (with), v. habere qm in convictu ; convictore uti qo. MESSAGE, nuntius. — mandatum : to bear or bring a m., nuntium ferre (L.), afferre, perferre (C); man- datum ferre (O.); referre (Cces.): to receive a very welcome m., optatissimum nuntium accipere (opp. maium nuntium audire). MESSENGER, nuntius (one who brings an oral message). — *tabellarius (one who carries letters) : an evil m., nuntius malus, tristis: a swift m., nuntius volucer: m. after m. came and told fyc, crebri nuntii afferebant &c. : to inform one by letter or by a m., per literas aut per nuntium certiorem facere qm. MESSIAH. Messias, ae. MESSMATE, contubernalis cs: anoldm.-m., veteris contubernii amicus (Lactant.). See also Mess. METAL, metallum (Plin. ; aes, brass): abounding in m., metallis ferax ; metallifer (SiL). METALLIC, metallicus (g. t. />««.) —aereus, aeneus (of brass).— aureus, argenteus (of gold, silver). 39 MET METALLURGY, *metallurgia (t. t.) ; *scientia me- tallorum. METAMORPHOSE, v. tran sformare ; transfigurare qd (Phn.; Suet.); formare or fingere qd in aliam. formam, figuram, speciem (aft. C): to m. into athg, rem mutare, vertere, convertere, transformare (0.); or transfigurare (Plin.), in qd : in nova corpora mutare formas (rerum; O.): to be m.'d, mutari, verti, con- verti (to be transformed ; C); transformari (0.); trans- figurari (Plin.). METAMORPHOSIS, s. mutatio ; transfiguratio (Plin. |§§|r rare). — transitus in aliam figuram (Plin. 4, 36, 43) ; pi. transformationes (transl. of metamor- phoses) ; formae in nova corpora mutatae (0 ). METAPHOR, translatio (neTaat wealth and influence). — opibus firmus, firmus (strony). — amplus (of great extent). — magnus (g. t. great). Very m., praepotens ; praepollens ; potentissi- mus ; opulentissimus ; magno imperio praeditus : m. and flourishing potens et florens, gravis et opulentus (of persons or states). — amplus et florens (of states) : m. by land, pollens terra ; qui copiis pedestribus valet : m. by sea, pollens mari; qui classe valet: a m. king, rex potens or opulentus; rex firmus opibus; a m. 40 MIL kingdom, regnum opulentum : to be m., potentem esse ; largiter posse ; opibus valere, pollere ; opibus, armis et potentia valere : to be very m., magnas opes habere ; copiis et opibus affluere. MIGNONETTE, reseda (Pirn. 27, 12). MIGRATE, migrare, transmigrare (in locum). MIGRATION, migratio (C. and L.); transmigratio (Prudent.). MIGK ATORY, *qui migrat or migrare solet. MILCH-COW, *vacca quae lac habet. — |ggp°Bos lactarius, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, l7=a bullock that is still sucking. MILD, || Soft, smooth, gentle, mollis (not hard or harsh, opp. durus, acer). — mitis {not sharp or severe, opp. asper). — lenis (not violent, opp. asper, vehemens). — temperatus (moderate, not too warm or too cold, of climate and the seasons, opp. frigidus or calidus). — levis (light, not oppressive, opp. gravis). To call athg by a m. term, molli nomine appellare qd : to give a milder name to a thing, lenius nomen ci rei imponere : to grow or become m. (of winter, %c.) mitescere : to make or render m , mollem, &c, facere, reddere rem. || Gentle, clement, indulgent, mollis (not hard- hearted, opp. acer). — mitis (not harsh, not severe, gentle, opp. asper). — lenis (gentle, opp. vehemens, asper, acer). — mansuetus (opp. ferus, immanis). — clemens (merci- ful and lenient, opp. severus, crudelis). — misencors (compassionate, opp. durus). — facilis (easy). — indulgens (indulgent, opp. acerbus et severus). — placidus (culm, opp. fervidus, iracundus). — benignus (kind) — beneiicus (beneficent). — Jn. mitis et mansuetus (opp. ferus et im- manis). — lenis et mansuetus (opp. vehemens et atrox). — clemei:s et misericors (opp. crudelis et durus). — clemens et mansuetus (opp. crudelis et inhumanus). — placidus et lenis. M. manners, mores placidi ; mores temperati et moderati : a m. rebuke, castigatio clemens ; to pass a m. judgement on any one, se clemeniem in qm preebere (g. t., also as a judge). — clementer scribere de qo (in a letter): in a m. manner, leniter; clementer; benigne: to make or render m„ mollem, &c, facere, reddere. \\ Not harsh in flavour, mollis (not pungent, opp. acer). — mitis (not sour; v. pr. of fruit that is ripe or mellow; opp. acerbus; cf. Gesn. Varr. R. R. 1, 68) — lenis (opp. asper and acer, of wine and food). — dulcis (sweet, opp. austerus, of drink). To make or render m., mollire ; mitigare ; lenire : to be- come m (of fruit), mitescere. MILDEW, robigo (Col. ; blight on corn). — mucor, situs (mould). To gather m., mucorem contrahere ; situm ducere. MILDLY, molliter (softly) —leniter (gently).— cle- menter; indulgenter (with clemency). MILDNESS, lenitas (gentleness, of a thing or of a person, opp. asperitas). — animus, lenis, ingenium lene (gentleness, of character). — clemetnia (opp. c rudelitas). mansuetudo (opp. feritas, immanitas). — misericordia (compassion ; opp. animus durus). — facilitas (a yield- ing disposition). — indulgentia (indulgence ; opp. se- veritas). — benignitas, beneficentia (kind disposition, good-nature). M. of government, dementia et mansue- tudo imperii. MILE. \\ Roman, mille passuum, passus mille (con- sisting of a thousand paces of five feet each, therefore = 5000 feet, i. e about 1618 English yards, being 142 yards less than the English m ); pi. millia pas>uum, or simply millia (with mention of the number of m.'s). — milliarium spatium (the length of a thousand paces ; also in pi. of several such spaces). — milliarium (sc. marmor) lapis (a mile-stone; hence to denote distances). A useful pian by wch we can know how many m.'s we have gone, ratio non inutilis, qua scire possimus, quot millia numero itineris fecerimus (Vttr. 10, y [I4|, 1); ita (calculus) et sonitu et numero indicabit milliaria spatia navigationis (how many m.'s we have sailed ; ib. § 7). A m. fm Alexandria, a primo miiliario Alex- andria? (Ulp. Dig. 28, 5, 4, § 1): the Veientes and Fidenates, who live respectively six and eighteen m.'s fm Rome, Veientes et Fidenates, quorum alii sexto mii- liario absunt ab urbe Roma, alii octavo decimo (Eutrop. 1,4): he is buried in the Appian road, five m.'s fm the city, sepultus est juxta viam Appiam, ad quin- tum lapidem (Np Alt. 22, extr.): both the town and the estates are more than a hundred and fifty m's \fm Rome), et municipium et agri sunt ultra ceiitesimum etquinquagesimum lapidem (Plin. Ep. 10, 24, extr.): a m. long, milliarius (Suet. Ner. 31): he was making a canal fm lake Avernus to Ostia, a hundred and sixty m.'s long, inchoabat fossam ab Averno Ostiam usque longi- tudinis per centum sexaginta millia (sc. passuum ; Suet. Ner. 31). (It is obvious that the same phraseology MIL may be employed with reference, to English m.'s, when the context sufficiently determines the sense.) MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium (Linn.). MILITANT, qui pugnat, &c; Crcl. by the verb or subst. MILITARY, militaris : in a m. manner, militariter (g t.).— more militari [aft. the manner of a soldier). — more militiae (as in warfare, according to m. rules). — instituto militari, exeinplo militari (as is usual with soldiers). M. abilities, virtus imperatoria (of the general) : m. renown, belli (or bellica) gloria or laus ; gloria militaris ; rei militaris laus : great m. renown, excellens in re militari gloria: to possess m. renown, belli gloria or bellica laude florere : m. affairs, res bellica? (relating to war). — res militaris, militia (re- lating to soldiers and their duties) : to have great skill in, m. affairs, summam scientiam or magnam pru- dentiam rei militaris habere : m. school, ludus militaris (prop., a school of cadets, fyc). — militias disciplina (fig., field-service itself, as training soldiers; see C. Manil. 10, 28): m. discipline; see Discipline: the m., mi- lites (g. t. soldiers, also as opp. to citizens, fyc. ; Plin. Ep. 10, 27, 2).— copiae, exercitus (troops, forces, an army). — homines militares (experienced soldiers; see Herz. S. Cat. 45, 2) : to discharge any one fm m. ser- vice, ci militiae vacationem dare (if not yet a soldier). — qm militia solvere (if a soldier) : to bury with m. honours, qm militari honesto funere humare : UgHT Militia for soldiers, the military, is foreign to classical prose ; even if it can be proved to be so used earlier than Justin. MILITATE (against), repugnare ; pugnare (with a dat. in poets). MILITIA, *milites or copiae provinciales ; and prps populares armati (Curt. 8, 2, 20). MILK, s. lac. Of m. = made of m., like m., lacteus : cows' m., lac vaccinum, bubulcum: goats' m., lac caprinum : new m., lac recens : curdled m., lac concre- tura : sour m., oxygala: the m. curdles, lac coit(£. t.). — lac roagulatur (by means of rennet): the m. becomes thick, lac spissatur: to turn to or become m., lactescere: bread and m., opus lactarium (Lamprid.). — cibus e lacte confectus (Jan.). MILK, v. mulgere (e. g. capras, oves); also absol., mulgere: ubera siccare (H.)\ uberapressarepalmis(,F.). MILKER, *qui, quae, mulget. MILKING, s. mulctus, us. MILKMAN, *qui lac vendit. MILK-PAIL, mulctra (Col); mulctrarium (V. Georg. 3, 177, where some edd. have mulctralia, pi.). — mulctrum (H.). MILKY, lacteus. M.-white, lacteus; lacteo colore: the m.-way, orbis lacteus (C. Somn. Scip. 3). — lacteus circulus (Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 91, &c.).— via lactea (0. Met. 1, 169). MILL, mola (moletrina, Cat. ap. Non. In ancient times they were turned either by the hand, mola manu- aria, versatilis, or trusatilis; or by an ass, mola asi- naria; by some other beast of draught, jumentaria; or by water, m. aquaria or aquae). — pistrinum (the place or building where the grain was originally pounded in mortars, but afterwards ground: it was also the bake- house, and place for foddering cattle. Them, being turned by slaves, it was also used as a place of punishment). To turn a m., molas circumagere : belonging or re- lating to a m., molaris; pistrinalis : the wheel of a m. turns, *molae rota agitattir : an ass that works in a m., asinus molaris : a windmill, mola venti (aft. mola aquae; Cod Just 2, 42, 10). MILL CLAPPER, »molae crepitaculum. MILL-HOPPER, infundibulum. MILL-HORSE (with the Romans, an ass), asinus molarius (Caio, R. R. 11, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 3), or molendarius (Paul. Dig 33, 7, 18. § 2). MILL-STONE, lapis molaris (the kind of stone used for m.s., pyrites, silex, pumex; 'a volcanic trachyte or porous lava :' Diet. r>f Antiqq.) — mola (each mill had two such molae ; of wch the upper was catillus; the lower meta). Prov., to see through a m.-s., lynceum esse : oculos acres atque acutos habere. MILL-STREAM, "rivus or aqua molam agens or versans. MILLER, molitor ; molendarius (both late; one who grinds in a mill; the baker, pistor, usually, of course, ground his own corw). — ^moderator molae venti (of a windmill). To hire oneself to a »*., pistori operam kcare. MILLET, milium (Col.) ; panicum miliaceum (Linn.). MILLINER, *qui (quae) quaestum facit mercibus 41 MIN ad cultum et nitidioris vitae instrumenta pertinentibu», or *qui (quae) mundi muliebris officinam exercet. MILLION, decies centena millia. Two, three m.'s, vicies, tricies centena millia : a m. times, decies cen- ties millies (prop.); sexcenties, millies (= times out of number). MILT, || The spleen, splen (Plin.); lien (Cels.). || Of fish, lactes (Suet. Fit. 14); semen (Col.). MIME, mimus (C). MIMIC, adj. mimicus. A m. dancer, mimus (C.) ; saltationis artifex (Suet. Tit. 7). MIMIC, s. artis mimicae peritus (g. t.)- r imitator in- eptus, ridiculus ; simia (H. ; one who practises mi~ micry). MIMIC, v. perverse qd imitari (C). MIMICRY, perversa, inepta, ridicula imitatio. MINCE, Prop.) concidere ; minute or minutatim concidere ; minutatim or particulatim consecare: minced meat, minutal (see Juv. 14, 129). Fig.) to nu matters, dicendo extenuare et abjicere qd (C). MIND, animus (g. t. the whole soul, or spiritual na- ture ; also, more particularly, reason, sentiment, or will, or any special state of mind, as courage, anger, pleasure, pride, propensity or favorable inclination). — metis (reason or intellect, or thought considered as guiding the will; ea quae latet in animis hominum, quaeque pars animi mens vocatur, C. Rep 2,40; mens, cui regnum totius animi a natura tribu- tum est, C. Tusc. 3, 5). — natura, ingenium (the charac- ter, inclinations, and sentiments). The feelings or sen- sations of our m.'s, animi qui nostras mentis sunt : a m. at variance with itself, animus a seipso dissidens secumque discordans : a calm or tranquil m., animus tranquillatus or tranquillus : to bring athg to one's m., ci qd ad animum revocare ; qm de re monere : a man affirm m., homo constans : it is the mark of a little and empty mind, that he, §c, illud pusilli animi, jejuni atque inanis, quod, &c. : I know his m. very well, ego illius sensum pulchre calleo (comic) : a person's m. and habits, cs ingenium et mores : strength of m.. animi vis (mental power); *magnum, quo qs valet ingenium; ingenii praestantia : weakness of m., imbecillitas animi (but animi infirmitas is indecision of character); in- genium imbecillum (want of abilities): peace of m., animi tranquillitas ; animus quietus : to be in one's right m., mentis compotem esse ; suae mentis esse ; in potestate mentis esse : to be hardly in one's right m., dubiae sanitatis esse : not to be in one's right m., mente captumesse; de or ex mente exii&se; mente alienata esse: to go out of one's m., de or e potestate mentis ex- ire ; mente capi or alienari : to return to one's right m., ad sanitatem reverti : are you in your rh;ht m. ? satin' sanus es? I am in my right m., mens mihi integra or sana est: culture of the m., eruditio (instruction; or, the discipline and habits produced by training) : true culture of the m., *rectus ingenii cultus. MIND, v. || To attend to or upon; see Attend. To m. one's own business, nihil praeter suum negotium agere, nihil de alio anquirere (C. Off. 1, 34, 125); suarum rerum esse (L. 3, 38). To m. other people's business, curare aliena ; curare quae ad me nihil perti- nent (C.) or attinent (Ter.). \\ To care for, see Care. || To remember; vid. MINDFUL, || Attentive, attentus; diiigens. M. of athg, diiigens cs rei, attentus ad qd ; attentus in qa re (S.). || Bearing in mind, not forgetful, memor ; non immemor. To be m. of, memorem esse cs rei; meminisse, recordari, reminisci cs rei or qd ; qd memoria tenere, in memoria habere, memoria re- tin ere. MINE, pron. meus. What is thine is m., quod tuum est, meum est (Ter.): the inheritance is m., hereditas mea est, mihi obtigit : it is not m. to utter a falsehood, (pod ) non est mentiri meum (Ter.). MINE, s. || Prop.) A n excavation for obtain- ing metals, metallum, or pi. metalla, orum, n. ; fodlna (a pit). To make nu's, metalla instituere : to work m.'s, metalla exercere : to work m.'s afresh, me- talla intermissa recolere : to condemn aby to the m.'s, in metallum damnare (Plin.); ad metalla condt-mnare (Suet.) : the right of opening a m. o?i one's estate, jus metallorum: iron m„ metallum ferrarium or ferri : gold, silver m., met. aurarium, argentarium. || Fig.) A rich repository, *fons uberrimus, e quo haurire possumus; or by thesaurus (a treasure), &c. || Prop.) A n excavation for military pur poses, cuniculua (Cces.); specus suffossus (Curt.). To form a m., cuni- culum agere : to spring am., *vi pulveris pyrii cuni- culum discutere; *ignem admovere pulveri nitrato in cuniculo defosso ; # pulvere pyrio incenso moles super- MIN structas discutere : to throw down the walls by m.'s, cuniculis muros subruere (NO- MINE, v. (in military language), curriculum agere (L.); qm locum suffod.-re (Plin). MINER, || One who makes a metal mine, metallicus (P/in.); fossor (Vit.r.). \\ One who works in a military mine, cuiricularius (Veget.); cunicu- lator (Luctat. ap. Slat.). MINERAL, s. metallum {not only of metals, but also of other substances dug out of the earth; e. g., creta, sulphur). — fosstle; pi. fossilia. MINERAL, adj. metallicus (Plin. 27, 415) ; ass or aeris particulas continens. A m. flavour, sapor me- dicatus (Plin. Ep.) : the m. kingdom, fossilia, pi. : a m. spring. *fons aeris particulas continens. MINERALOGICAL, *mineralogicus (t. t.); ad sci- entiam or cognitionem metallorum, *fossilium, per- tinens. MINERALOGIST, fossilium peritus, sciens, spec- tator. MINERALOGY, fossilium scientia or cognitio ; *mineralogia (t. t.). MINGLE, miscere or permiscere (thoroughly); with athg, qd cum qa re, qd qa re, or qd ci rei. — commiscere [to mix together); with athg, qd cum qa re, or qd ci rei. — contendere ; with athg, cum qa re (prop, to pour together; hence, Jig., to confound; e.g. vera cum fal- sis). — turbare, conturbare, perturbare (to throw into confusion). MINIATURE, tabella minor (see Plin. 35, 10, 36, n. 5, § 72); pictura minor (aft. Plin. 35, 11, 37, in.). A m. painter, qui pingit minoribus tabellis (see Plin. 35, 10, 36, n. 5, § 72) : celebrated m. painters, minoris picturae celebres in penicillo pictores (Plin. ib. § 37). MINIKIN, see DiMrNUTivE. MINING, s. By the verbs. MINION, (Favourite at court) qui est in mag- na apud principem gratia; pi., court m.'s, regis amid magni et potentes ; quos princeps praecipue suscipit : familiares principis (Suet.); aulici gratia principum norentes (Burmann). See also Favourite. MINISTER, s. amicus principis, regis (as a friend and assistant of the prince). — principis socius et ad- minister omnium consiliorum, socius consiliorum principis et par'iceps consiliarius (as a counsellor of the prince; aft. Sail. Jug. 29, 1 ; Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 22). A cabinet m., comes consistorianus ($t*t§T in the later period of the empire) : m. for foreign affairs, *qui prin- cipi adest rerum externarum arbiter atque administer: m. of the interior, *principis minister et adjutor con- siliorum domesticorum : m. of public worship, *cui cura sacrorum tradita est : m. of finance, cui cura aerarii tradita est (aft. Suet. Oct. 36) : m. of war, ami- cus regis, qui in consilio semper adest et omnium rerum bellicarum habetur particeps (aft. Np. Eum. 1, 5 & 6) : to make any one a m., qm socium et adminis- trum omnium consiliorum assumere (aft. S. Jug. 29, 1) : the m 's, *primates aulici (Ern.) ; *qui principi adsunt consiliorum arbitri atque administri (Eichst.); see also Ministry. MINISTER, v. Tr.) ministrare ; dare; praebere. Intr.) to conduce, prodesse ; conducere ; usui esse ; utilem esse; utilitatem habere or praebere; juvare (C); servire (Col.); in rem esse (5.); esse (C), mi- nistrare ci ; ministerium facere ci (Just.). To m. in sacred things, res sacras administrare or dispensare, or rebus sacris praeesse (aft. C). MINISTERIAL, || Belonging to an office, quod ad munus or ad officium pertinet ; quod cum inunere conjunctum est; quod munus fert. A m. office, ministerium. || Relating to the sacred office, ad res sacras or divinas spectans. MINISTRATION. By the verbs. MINISTRY, \\ Agency; vid. \\ Office; vid. || Persons who administer government, prin- cipis (regis, &c.) amici, rectores, &c. (pi- of the expres- sions given under Minister). .4s a college or body, collegium eorum, quos principes socios et administros omnium consiliorum assumpsit (aft. S. Jug. 29, 1); collegium eorum, qui principi in consilio semper ad- sunt et omnium rerum habentur participes (aft. Np. Eum. 1, 6): (as the ruling power in a stale) consilium reipublicae, penes quod est summum imperium et potestas (aft. Flor. 1, 1, 15): the m. of the interior, ♦collegium eorum, quibus cura rerum domesticarum tradita est ; 'collegium eorum, qui regi sunt a rebus domesticis. MINOR, || One under age, a) *qui in suam tutelam nondum venit (aft. C. Nisi postumus — ante- quarn in suam tutelam venisset, mortuus esset, C. : 42 MIR should die whilst he was still a m., de Or. 39, 180). — infans (a little child), or by nondum adulta aetate (g. t., not yet of full age), or peradolescentulus, peradoles'cens (stilt very young). M.'s, filii familiarum (see Interpp. ad S. Cat. 43, 2; Suet. Vit. 11). b) In respect of tutelage, pupillus; pupilla: money belonging to m.'s, pecuniae pupillares. c) In respect of ability to govern, nondum maturus imperio (L. 1, 3). \\In logic, as- sumptio (C. Juv. 37, 87). MINORITE (Franciscan monk), frater minor S. Francisci. MINORITY, || Age of a minor, aetas nondum adulta (g. t.) — aetas pupillaris (of a ward). — aetas non- dum matura imperio (of the successor to a throne ; aft. L. 1, 3). To die in his m., mori antequam in suam tutelam venisset (aft. C.I. || The smaller number, numerus minor (G\), or inferior (Cces.). MINOTAUR, minotaurus. MINSTER, *aedes cathedralis. MINT, \\A plant, mentha (Plin.). \\ A place where money is coined, moneta (C). Maslers of the m., triumviri monetales. MINT, v. || Prop.) signare (C), cudere (Plaut.), ferire (Plin.), aurum, argentum (C ) ; numos (Plaut). Fig.) To invent, fingere ; confingere ; comminisci. MINUTE, s. || The sixtieth part of an hour, *horce sjxagesima. Forty-five m.'s, dodrans horae : two m.'s and a half, semuncia horae: a m. hand, *index sexagesimarum. || In astronomy, scripulum (Plin.). Fig.) ||.4 short space of lime, momentum; punc- tum temporis. J will come back in a m., momento, illico revertar: to be punctual to the m., ad tempus dictum adesse, venire: in a few m.'s, minimis mo- mentis: every m., omnibus minimis temporum punc- tis (C. N. D. 1, 24, 67): for a m., paullisper. || A brief note or memorandum, commentarii, or commentaria(p£.), commentariolus. capita (pi.): for the m.'s of a meeting of resolution, %-c. See also Memo- randum. MINUTE, adj. minutus ; parvulus ; pusillus (in a ludicrous or contemptuous sense). See Small. MINUTE, v. commentari, scribere, de qa re. MI'NUTELY (every minute), omnibus minimis temporum punctis (C. N. D. 1, 24, 67). MINUTELY, diligenter; accurate; subtiliter; Jn. accurate et diligenter; accurate et exquisite. — ®g$f Not exacte. MINUTENESS, || Smallness, parvitas, exiguitas, exilitas. M. of stature, brevitas (opp. magnitudo cor- poris ; Cces. B. G. 2, 30). \\ Accuracy, diligentia; cura; subtilitas. MINUTIAE, res minutae or parvae ; nugae (|§gr not minutiae). To attend to m., *rerum minutarum esse studiosum. MIRACLE, miraculum, res mira, mirum (athg marvellous). — ostentum, monstrum, prodigium, por- tentum (of fearful or threatening appearances in na- ture : ostentum, any strange natural phenomenon, without the notion of a prophetic meaning ; monstrum, especially of unnatural births ; prooi, r ium. that wch portends alhg extraordinary, or is a display of Divine power, esply with ref. to the manner in wch, or the place or time at wch a thing appears ; portentum, athg strange or wonderful in nature or h uman life, so far as it por- tends good or evil) — BHHT Jn the biblical sense the proper word is miraculum. To work m.'s, miracula edere, patrare. MIRACULOUS, mirus; mirandus ; mirabilis (won- derful). — monstrosus, monstrificus, prodigiosus (por- tentous). MIRACULOUSLY, mirum or mirandum in modum (B§P° never In mirum modum); mirabiliter; mon- strose. — prodigialiter (//. A. P.). MIRAGE, *fata morgana. MIRE, see Dirt, Mud. MIRROR, speculum. See Looking-glass. MIRROR-ROOM, conclave, cujus parietes speculis or (according to the custom of the ancients) phengite lapide distincti sunt (see Suet. Bom. 14).— conclave, in quo specula ab omni parte posita sunt (see Sen. N. Qu. > 16> 3 )- ft£W Not cubiculum speculatum, wch is found only in a corrupt passage of ' Vita Horatii,' Suet. t. 3, p. 51, ed. Wolf. — $^T vitreae camerae were rooms lined with thick plates of coloured cjlass in panels (vitreae quadratures; Diet. Antiqq. Vitrum). MIRTH, hilaritas (opp. severitas); gaudium; las- titia (o/p. maestitia). MIRTHFUL, hilarus ; laetus; laetabundus; laetitia gestiens ; gaudio exultans, triumphans, cumulatus. MIR MIRTHFULLY, hilare ; hilariter ; laete. MIRTHFULNESS, animus hilarus, alacer, laetus ; alacritas. MIRY, lutosus; lutulentus; ccEnosus. MISANTHROPE, *hominibus or generi humano inimicus atque liostis; qui genus humanum, or homi- 11 um universum genus, odit ; qui liominum congressus fugit atque odit. MISANTHROPIC, hominum congressus et societa- tem fugiens, metuens taft. C); homines reformidans to.). MISANTHROPY, odium hominum or in homines (C ), or in hominum universum genus (C. Tusc. 4, 11, 25), or generis humani (ib. § 27). MISAPPLICATION, abusus, *usus perversus. MISAPPLY, ahuti or «perverse uti qa re. MISAPPREHEND, non recte interpretari or intel- ligere qd (aft. C); aliter ac dictum erat accipere qd. MISAPPREHENSION, interpretatio falsa or per- versa; error .a mistake). MISBECOME, non decet. dedecet; deforme est [it is unbecoming). — dedecere or indecere qm ; indecorum, dedecori, turpe esse cui ; indignum esse qo (to be un- suitable to, unworthy of). MISBEGOTTEN, nothus (by a concubine, when the fa'her is known). — spurius (by an unmarried woman, when the father is unknown).— a&vltermo sanguine natus (begotten in adultery). — non legitimo conjugio natus. ortus {g. /.). — furto conceptus (poet.). MISBEHAVE, male se gerere. MISBEHAVIOUR, vitium, pravitas (misconduct, through moral obliquity). — inhumanitas, rusticitas, mores rustici {through want of good manners). MISBELIEF, error; (in eccl. sense) *haeresis; *falsa doctrina. MISCALCULATE, in computando, in rationibus, errare, falli. MISCALCULATION, error in rationibus subdu- cendis ; error calculorum. MISCARRIAGE, || Prop.) abortio, abortus (act of bringing forth prematurely). — abortus (produce of a premature birth). || Fig.) irritum inceptum; irritus labor. See also Failure. MISCARRY, || PRor.) abortum pati. || Fig.) non succedere, non or parum or secus procedere (not to have a desired result). — praeter spem evenire, secus cadere, praeter opinionem cadere (to turn out badly, contrary to expectation). — ad irritum cadere, redigi (to be quite frustrated). His attempt miscarried, male gessit rem. MISCELLANEOUS, mixtus ; commixtus ; per- mixtus; promiscuus; miscellaneus (Appul.); miscellus [Suet.). MISCELLANY, farrago (Juv.). MISCHANCE, casus adversus, or simply casus; infortunium. J have met with a m., adversi qd mihi evenit (C ); malum mihi objicitur (Ter.). If any m. should occur, si quid gravius or durius accident (Cccs.); si quid accident (C). MISCHIEF, malum; res mala or adversa; calami- tas (evil, misfortune).— pestis, pemicies (ruin). To do in. to, calamitatem ci struere (C); inferre ci calamita- tem : m.-muker, auctor mali (malorum); calamitatis (-um) causa, parens (C). MISCHIEVOUS, calamitosus; perniciosus ; funes- tus. MISCONCEIVE, male interpretari; male intelli- gere. MISCONCEPTION, interpretatio falsa or perversa; error. MISCONDUCT, s. delictum, peccatum; error (if unintentional). MISCONDUCT oneself, v. delinquere, peccare (C\), del. j). — ars fin- gendi. — fingere (to form out of the raw material). — formare (to bring into a shape, to shape) ; Jn. fingere et formare. MODELLER, *protyporum scalptor. MODERATE, || That observes measure, mo- deratus (rarely). — modicus (that does not exceed mea- sure or bounds, opp. efifrenatus). — medius (in the mean, not in the extreme). — modestus [opp. cupidus, petu- lans). — temperans, temperatus (the former of persons, the latter of persons and things ; opp. libidinosus). — continens (m. in enjoyment, opp. libidinosus) ; Jn. moderatus ac temperans; temperans moderatusque ; 45 MOD continens ac temperans : very m. in drinking, parcissi- mus vini: m. in joy, temperans gaudii (both of the silv. age) : m. exercise, exercitationes modicfe : m. in one's wishes, paucis contentus : in a m. manner, mode- rate ; modeste; temperanter: to live in a m manner, continentem esse in omni victu cultuque. || Mid- dling, modicus (of quantity). — m edioc ris (of quality) : in. talents, ingenium mediocre.— B§§f° Medius in this sense is foreign to the prose of the gotden ptriod ; thus ingenium medium, T. Hist. 1, 49, 2, is what C. (de Orat. 2, 27, 119) expresses by ingenium mediocre; for I Pompeius) eloquentia medius in Veil 2, 2.), 3, C. would have said (Pompeius) eloquentia mediocri (cf. de Or. 1, 29, extr): v^ry m., permediocris : in a m. degree, mediocriter ; modice. MODERATE, v. || To restrain, repress, make temperate, moderari (with the dat., to set a measure and limit, to observe due measure; with the ace, to keep indue bounds, to observe the mean).— temperare (with a dat., to give a person or thing suitable activity or efficacy; with the ace, to set athg in the right state or condition). — modum or moderationem adhhiere ci rei or in qa re (to keep athg within proper bounds). — conti- nere, coercere (to restrain, check) : to m. one's anger, irae moderari or temperare; iram tenere, continere (opp. irae indulgere) : to m. one's passions, cupiditates continere, coercere ; cupiditatibus modum facere : to m. one's speech, orationi or lingua? moderari: linguam continere; modum tenere verboium: not to be able to m. oneself, intemperantem esse ; sui impotentem or non potentem esse ; sui non compotem esse ; animo suo imperare non posse : the heat is moderated by the breeze, ventorum flatu nimii temperantur calores. || To act as mediator, arbitrate, between per- sons, arbitri partes suscipere : esse arbitrum or discep- tatorem inter qos : qrm controversiam disceptare or dirimere. MODERATELY, || Temperately, moderate ; modeste; temperanter. || Middlingly, mediocriter, modice. MODERATION, moderatio (the act of setting mea- sure or limit). — temperantia (an observing of m. in one's course of action), continentia (self controul). — mo- destia (moral unwillingness to exceed due measure). — sedatio cs rei (act of calming or appeasing). — Jn. tem- perantia et moderatio ; moderatio et continentia ; con- tinentia et temperantia ; moderatio continentiae et temperantiae (C. Off. 3, 26, extr.): m. in desires, mode- ratio cupiditatum: m. in our discourses and actions, moderatio dictorum omnium et factorum: to show m., moderatum se preebere (in athg), moderationem adhibere in qa re; moderate temperare qd: to show equal m., eadem temperantia uti: they thought that I had almost gone further than the m. of a wise and sober man allowed, me longius prope progressum arbitra- bantur, quam sapientis hominis cogitata ratio postu- laret (C. Harusp. 2, 3): with m., moderate; modeste; temperanter; clementer [with indulgence) : without m., immoderate; intemperanter; effrenate (unrestrainedly): to write with m., temperantius scribere : to use a victory with m., victoria clementer uti. MODERATOR, || One who moderates, %c. Use the verb. \\ A president, See President. MODERN, novus (new). — qui nunc est, ut nunc fit, hujus aetatis (of this age), [ggg? Modernus is barba- rous. MODERNIZE, ad nova exempla componere (Sen.); ad hujus aetatis morein componere (Sen.). MODEST, || Bashful, modestus (opp. immo- destus).— pudens (full of a sense of shame or honour ; opp. impudens). — verecundus (full of a sense of pro- priety, well behaved ; opp. superbus, insolens).— probus {unassuming, opp. improbus). — demissus (meek, opp. acerbus); Jn. probus et modestus; probus et de- missus: m. in one's demands, verecundus in postu- lando : to ma'.e a m. use of athg, modeste ac moderate qa re uti. \\ M oderate, modeiatus; modestus; tem- peratus; temperans. Syn. in Moderate. MODESTLY, || Bashfully, pudenter; verecunde. || M oderately, moderate; modeste; temperanter. MODESTY, || Bushfulness, pudor (>g of m., res habet momentum (C.) : to consider of little m., levi momenta aestimare. || The most minute space of time, punctum temporis ; momentum temporis or horae (= in C. the decisive or important minute, poni/; but also = moment, L. is tumultus momenta temporis sedatur, L. 21, 33, fyc. Plin. makes momentum = /«i««^, longer than punctum temporis). tempus (g. t. a point of time) : in a m., puncto or momenta temporis; in vestigio temporis: for a m , paullisper (e g. mane paullisper) : it is over in a m., fit ad punctum temporis : often in a single m. the circumstances of the times are greatly changed, minimis momentis maximae inclinationes temporum fiunt : not even a m., ne minimam partem temporis : every m., in omni puncto temporis ; nullo temporis puncto intermisso ; omnibus minimis temporum punctis : at the m. of departure, sub ipsa profectione (see Herz. Hirt. B. G. 8, 49) : there is not a m. to Inse. res non habet moram : to the m., ad tempus (venire, adesse) : for the present m., in praesens (tempus).— in praesentia (opp. in posterum) : a favorable m., tempus opportunum ; temporis opportunitas or occasio : to seize the favorable m., tempori or temporis occasioni non deesse : in the last m.'s (of life), extremo spiritu ; in ipsa morte : timid in the m. of danger, in re prsesenti pavidus. MOMENTARY, brevissimus (of very short duration). — fugax (fleeting). — subitus (sudden in its origin, e. g. 46 MON eonsilia). — praesens (present, now existing, e. g. facultas) : m. impulse or passion, affectus qui ex rebus ipsis concipitur. MOMENTOUS, magni or maximi momenti — grav's (gravior, gravissimus). — permagnus (e. g. negotimu C. ). MONARCH, rex [a king).— princeps (a prince ; Jg3J° post-Aug.). — imperator, Caesar, Augustus (of the tunes of the emperors). — dominus (g. t., a sovereign, ruler). — tyrannus (one who has gained absolute power in a stale previously free). — Or by Crcl. in order to express mo e clearly the idea of ' absolute monarch,' qui solus regnat, qui unus consilio et cura, gubernat civitatem, penes quern est summa rerum omnium (= rex).— q ,i solus imperio potitus est (= tyrannus) : to be a m., regnare ; solum regnare. MONARCHICAL, regius ($gg°not monarchicus) : a m.. constitution, is reipublicae status, quem penes unum est omnium summa rerum (aft. C. de Rep. 1, 26, 42) — regale civitatis genus : to have a m. constitution, to be m. (of subject*), regi (regibus) parere, sub rege (regibus) esse (%!§° Unius consilio et cura guber- nari would here be quite icrong ; this can be saul only of the state, not of the subjects). — sub tyranni regno es>e (to be under a monarch ; Just.) : to introduce a m. consti- tution, regnum ac diadema uni deferre (H. Od. 2, 2, 22) : a m. state, civitas quae unius dominatu teuetur. MONARCHY, |j The rule of a single gc- vernor, imperium singulare ; imperium, quod ab uno sustinetur or sub uno stat (see Curt. 10, 9, 2).— impe- rium, quod penes regem or reges est (Justin. 1, I, init.). — potentia singularis (Np. Diom. 5, Bremi) — do- minatus unius (C. de Rep. 1, 28, 44), or simply, domi- nate, dominatus (all g. t.).— imperium regum or regium (under a king). — tyrannis (under a tyrannus). || A state under a monarchical form of go- vernment, civitas, quae unius dominatu tenetur — civitas quae ab uno regitur. — res publica, quae unius nutu or unius potestate regitur. — civitas, quae ab unius consilio et cura gubernatur. — respublica, in qua penes unum est summa omnium rerum. — civitas, in qua unus qs in perpetua est potestate. — regnum. — civitas regia — civitas, quae singulari imperio et regia potestate guber- natur et regitur. — regale civitatis genus, respublica regalis (the two last however not of states actually governed bg a king, but only approaching this. The last C. de Rep. 3, 35). MONASTERY, ccenobium (Eccl.); monasterium (later, and g. t.) : to enter a m., *in coetum monacho- rum recipi. MONASTIC, monasterialis (late). It may be ex- pressed by the gen., as ccenobiiarum or monachorum (of monks) or ccenobii or monasterii (of a monastery). MONDAY, *dieslunae. MONEY, pecunia (opp. to other property ; then any sum ofm., never — a single coin ; Jg^J" hence it can be connected only with such adjectives as relate to magni- tude, as, magna, parva, grandis, ingens, &c, never wilh such as relate to unity, as, multa, pauca, &c). — argen- tum, aes (silv. or copper coin ; and hence g. t. for in. : see, for argentum, Ter. Andr. 3, 3, 15, %-c. L. 30, 39, extr. ; for aes, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26. C. Alt. 2, 1, 10. L. 4, 60,6; 5, 12, 1. gg|r But argen'um signa- tum and a;s signatum, only in opp. to argentum or aes infectum or factum ; see C. Varr 5, 25, 63. L. 34, 6, 14, # 34, 52, 4). — numus (a single piece ofm., a com ; J^^°/or this only unclassical writers and poets &ay moneta) — pretium (a price in m.) : Illyrian m.. pe- cunia Illyriorum signo signata : great and small m., numi omnis notae : good m., numi probi : bad m., nunii adulterini ($§$gt not moneta adulterina): of or belong- ing to m., pecuniarius; numarius; argentarius : that may be had for m., venalis; pretio venalis : for m., pretio ; pretio motus, adductus (induced by a price or reward) : fur little, much m., parvo, magno p*?tio : for m. and good icords, pretio et precibus : my little bit of m., numuli mei : a considerable sum ofm., a!iqi:antum numorum : ready m., pecunia praesens, numerata; numi praesentes, numerati (C.) ; also simply numera:um (C.) ; aurum, argentum, praesentarium \Plaut.): to buy athg for ready m., praesentibus numis emere qd (Sen.) : to sell for ready m., solutum qd dare (Ulp.); or ven- dere (See Cash) : to hate plenty of m., in multis suis pecuniis esse, bene numatum esse, pecunia abundare, opibus or divitiis florere : to make m. by athg, pecuniam facere ex re (Np. Cim. 1,3): a making of m., pecuniae quaestus ; pecuniae via (way and method of making m.) : the value of m., potestas pecuniarum (Gai. Dig. 13, 3, 4): to turn a thing into m., vendere qd ('o sell) : to take m. (as a bribe), pecuniam accipere (opp. pecu- niae resistere) : to turn every thing into m., omnia iu MON pecuniam redigere (Q. Bed. 2(59) : to furnish /re. for athg, pecunias expedire (v. pr. seeBremi, Suet. Cces.4): to furnish any one with /re., pecuniam ci curare : to furnish one with /re. fm tlie public treasury, sumptum ci dare de publico (C. de Invent. 2, 29, init.): to many for /re., dote moved (Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 66): he did not marry for m., indotatum duxit {aft Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 47) : m. makes the man, in pretiopreuum nunc est; dat census honores, census amicitias, pauper ubique jacet (0. Fast. 1, 217, sq.). — pecunia omnium dignitatem exaequat (C. Att. 4, 15, 7): want of m., inopia pecunias or rei pecuni- ariee,inopiaargentio/-argeiitaria, inopianumaria; caritas numorum Scarcity of /re.).— ditficultas numaria or rei numariae. — angusiiae pecuniae {distressing position in respect of /re.): public want {or scarcity) of /re., an- gustiae pecuniae publicas ; angustiae aerarii {of the trea- sury) : to be in want of /re., de pecunia laborare; in summa difficultate numaria esse : times in wch there is a general want of /re., tempora difhcillima solutionis (C. Ceecin. 4, 11) : when there was a great want of /re., quum creditae pecuniae non solverentur {Cess. B. C. 3, 1, init.) MONEY-BROKER, argentarius ; mensarius ; inter- cessor {post- Aug.). — numularius {Suet.). — fenerator (in a bad sense, C). MONEYED, pecuniosus, bene numatus (C.) ; prae- dives (L.) ; pecuniae opulentus (T. Hist. 2, 6). MONGREL, adv. duplicis generis ; non unius generis. MONGREL, s. musmio or musmo {Cat.; Plin.); nothus {Colum.) ; hibrida {Plin. ; esply the progeny of a wild boar and a tame sow ; also impropr. of persons bom of parents of different countries, ranks, fyc. H.). MON 1 ED, see Moneyed. MONITION, see Admonition. MONITOR, monitor {warning adviser). — admonitor. sis impulsor. suasor. hortator; auctor et impulsor. consiliarius : a troublesome /re., admonitor non nimis verecundus (C). Syn. in Adviser. MONITORY, monitorius {Sen.). Or by the verbs, qui monet, &c. MONK, monSchus {Sidon. Ep.); ccenobfta. (Hier on.) : a /re.'* hood, cucullus monachi. || Names of plants; m.'s head, leontodon {Linn.): m's hood, aconitum {Linn.): m.'s rhubarb, rumex {Linn.). MONKERY, vita monachica {life of a /re.). — res monachicae (affairs of m.'s). MONKEY, || Prop.) simia (C. and Plin.); simius (ire poets of the golden age) : a female /re., simia femina : a little /re , siuiiolus (pithecium, Plant., sportively) : m.'s bread {a plant), Adansonia {Linn.). || Fig.) as a term of reproach, simia (Ccel. ap. C. Fam, 5, 10, 1); simius (H. S. 1, 10, 18); homo stolidus, stultus. MONKISH, monachicus. See Monastic. MONKISHLY, monachorum more, modo, ritu. MONOCEROS, monodon, *monoceros (Linn.) MONOCHORD, *monochordium (t. t). MONODY, *monodia. Or use the Greek word. MONOGAMY, matrimonium singulare (mono- gamia, Tert.). MONOGRAM, *monogramma (t. t.). MONOGRAPHY, descriptio singularis (description of a single object). — libell.is, liber quern qs separatim de qa re conscribit, conficit (a book treating on a single subject). MONOLOGUE, *sermo intimus. canticum (musical m. in the ancient plays, C. /souloquium, only in Aug.). MONOPOLIST, monopola (aft. Greek povoiruXti?. In Marc. Cap. 3, Kopp. has monoptota). MONOPOLIZE, monopolium exercere. Impropr.) to have the sole possession of fyc, est qd solius tuum. rem totam sibi or ad se vindicare ; a person, totum qm tenere, habere, possiuere (Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 1). MONOPOLY, monopolium (post-Aug.) : to give one the /re. of athg, *ci monopolium ilare : to exercise or enjoi/ a /re., monopolium exercere or habere. MONOSYLLABIC, || Prop.) monosyllabus. || Fig.) brief, abrupt in speech, (homo) verbis parcens; brevitatis niagister. MONOSYLLABLE, monosyllabum (sc. verbum). MONOTONOUS, *unum sonum babens (prop.); *nulla varietate delectans, *omni varietate carens tfig., without variety) : a thing has a /re. sound, lentius aequa- biliusque accidit qd aunbus. MONSOON, ventus qui magnam (or qam) partem omnis temporis in qo loco flare consuevit (Cms.) — venti qui certo tempore ex alia aique alia parte coeli spirant (Gell.).-or if necessary, Monsoon t. t., or ventus aequabilis qui Monsoon dicitur (to distinguish it fm the ordinary trade winds). 17 MOP MONSTER, monstrum, portentum (so far as the ap- pearance is one of evil omen). — homo portentosus or monstrosus (of men). —fetus portentosus or monstrosus (of animals): m.'s, prodigiosa corpora et monstris in- signia; praeter naturam hominum pecudumque. por- tenta ex bomine or ex pecude nata. MONSTROSITY, monstrum. prodigium. portentum. forma monstrosa. MONSTROUS, Prop ) monstrosus ; prodigiosus ; portentosus. || Fig.) rationi repugnans (contrary to reason). MONSTROUSLY', monstrose; prodigiose. — prodigi- aliter (H.). MONTH, mensis: half a /re., semestrium : a lunar m., mensis lunaris : of a /re., that lasts a /re, unius mensis ; menstruus : two, three, four, five, six m.'s long, bimestris, trimestris, quadrimestris, quinquemes- tris, semestris : to serve for a /re., mensem vertentem servire : every third m., tertio quoque mense: every m., singulis mensibus: that returns or happens every /re., menstruus: the first of the /re., Kalendae : the fifth of the /re., Nonae (except in March, May, July, and Oc- tober, when the Nonce fell on the seventh day) : the thir- teenth of them., Idus (except in the four m.'s already mentioned, in wch the Idus fell on the fifteenth; see Zumpt, fj 867; Pract. Introd. i. 523, sqq.). MONTHLY, menstruus (that returns every month ; and that lasts a month). — unius mensis, mensis ver- tentis (a month long). MONUMENT, monumentum (g. t.): written m.'s, literarum monumenta; literae : to erect a /re. to any one, ci monumentum statuere, ponere, collocare : to cause a /re. to be erected, m. faciendum locare : to leave a /re. behind one, relinquere qd, quo nos vixisse testemur (Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 14): a sepulchral /re., monumentum, sepulcrum (the former any memorial erected in honour of the dead, whether over their graves or in another place, whether consisting of a house, arch, a stone, %c. ; sepulcrum, the place of burial fenced round and adorned with a monumentum, a cippus, &c. : see C. Sext. 67, init., L. Opimius, cujus monumentum celeberrimum in foro, sepulcrum desertissimum in litore Dyrrachino relictum est). — Mausoleum (a splendid sepulchral /re., built by Octavian, wch served as the burial place for himself and succeeding emperors to the time of Hadrian ; see Suet. Oct. 100, exlr. ; also iron, of a simple grave- stone; Suet. Fit 10, extr.). — cenota- phium (a sepulchral m. erected to any one, even during his lifetime) : to erect a (sepulchral) /re. to any one, facere ci monumentum. MOOD, || Temper, animi affectio, affectus, tempe- ratio. animus ita affectus. habitus animi (C.).-sts only animus, voluntas, fm the context : in different m.'s, in variis voluntatibus (L.) : a gny /re , animus hilaris, hilarus, laetus. hilaritas : a melancholy /re., animus tristis. tristitia. \\In grammar, modus. MOODY, tristis (opp. hilaris, laetus). — difficilis (opp. facilis). — morosus (opp. affabilis). MOON, luna (also fig., oflhatwch is shaped likea /re., esply like a half m., a crescent). — mensis (a month) : m.'s (or satellites) of other planets, satellites : the new re/., luna nova or prima ; luna intermenstrua or intermes- tris : the time of the new /re., interlunium ; (tenipus) in- teimenstruum : at the new m., quum inchoatur luna: always at the new /re., sub interlunia: /re. in her first or seco?id quarter, luna crescens : the full /re., luna plena ; orbis lunae plenus : the time of the full /re., plenilunium : /re. on the wane, luna decrescens or senescens : are the last quarter of the /re., luna decrescente or sene.^cente : /re. that shines all night, luna pernox: /re. that rises late, luna sera: night without a /re., nox illunis : like a half /«., lunatus: the /re. is on the wane, luna minuitur, deminuitur, decrescit, or senescit : the in. is on the increase, luna crescit; luna impletur (is nearly full). MOONLIGHT, lunae lumen: by /re., lunalucente; luna imminente : it is /re., luna lucet : it is not /re., luna silet : it was /re. the whole night, luna pernox erat. MOONSTRUCK, lunaticus (Veget.): m. madness, error lunaticus; seleniasmus (t. t.). MOOR, s. solum uliginosum ; terra uliginosa; loca uliginosa (;//., Plin.); loca palustria (Vitr.), or simply palustna (Plin.). MOOR, v. (navem) ad terram religare (Cces.); reli- gare (classem) litori (O.) ; (navem) deligare ad ancoras. MOOR-HEN, fullca, fulix, Icis,/. MOORISH, uliginosus; paluster (Plin.). MOOT, see Debate, Dispute. MOP, s. *penicillus ad abstergendum factus, or fm context, penicillus only. | MOP, v. *penicillo abstergere or detergere. MOP MOPE, v. in maerore jacere.— demisso animo esse (S.). — fracto anirao et demisso esse (C). — afliictum vitam in tenebris luctuque trahere(t V.). qstotus jacet or jacet cs animus.— donnitare. MOPISH, maercns, demissus afflictusque (C); de- missus et opprexsus (C. ; disheartened, dispirited). — veteruosus; sonuiicul"Sus [sluggish, fyc). MO It A L, moralis, quod ad mores pertinet [relating to manners; jfggT moralis, never = morally good, is a philosophical t?rm, proposed by C. de Fat. 1, mil., and afterwards generally used in the silv. age). — bene or recte moratus, compur. melius moratus, superl. optime moratus [well-disposed, morally good). — prohus (good). — honestus (virtuous; of persons and actions). — *quod ad mores formandos pertinet (that relates to the forma- tion of manners; of writings, #c.) : m. goodness, ho- nestum ; decus, oris, m. : m. precepts, *de moribus praecepta: m. behaviour, recti mores; vita honesta : to be led purely by m. motives, nulla alia re, nisi honestate duci : m. freedom, motus animorum voluntarius : we are not under any m. necessity, nihil impedit, quominus id, quod maxime placet, facere possumus : to consider uthg in a m. point of view, qd refene ad mores : m. •phi- losophy, philosophise pars moralis (proposed by C. de Fat. 1, 1, for the Greek i}0iK>], and ajt. him generally adopted ; tee Sen. Ep. 89, 9, sq. T. Dial. 30, 3. Q. 6, 2, 8) ; phiio- sophia, in qua de hominum vita et moribus disputatur (C. Brut. 8, 31); haec omnis, quae est de vita et de moribus philosophia (as C. Tusc. 3, 4, 8) ; philosophia quae virtutis, officii et bene vivendi disciplinam con- tinet (C. Pis. 29, 71) ; ea pars philosophise, qua mores conformari putantur (aft. C. Fin. 4, 2, 4). ||Pro- bable, opp. absolutely certain. M. certainty, veri similitude. — probabilitas magna (C. Acad. 2, 24) or maxima. In m. questions we ought to act upon m. certainty, *in rebus, quae ad mores pertinent, iptam veri similitudinem sequi dehemus (cf. C. Acad. 2, 33, 107) or rem assensu nostro comproDatam actio sequi debet fib.). MORALIST, officii magister. magister virtutis et recte vivendi. M.'s, qui de moribus praecipiunt. MORALITY, mores, morum conditio (moral qua- lity) — honestas, honestum (moral goodness).— virtus (moral worth). — honestatis or virtutis studium (the pursuit of m.): true, genuine m., honestum quod proprie vereque dicitur: men of tried m., viri, quorum vita in rebus honestis perspecta est : the demands of friendship are not opposed to m., in amicitia, quae ho- nesta non sunt, non postulantur. MORALIZE, *de moribus praecipere. To m. (about) athg, *rem de suo genere ad vitam moresque medi- tando transferre. MORALLY, || Virtuously, honeste. j| With reference to morals; by the subst., e. g. to be m. good, emendatis, bonis, rectis, esse moribus : to be m. bad, piavis, corruptis, esse moribus. || According to probability, probabiliter (C); utvidetur; l^gjgT not verisimiliter, late. M. certain, prps *probabilis et paene necessario conclusus. MORALS, || The doctrine of manners, doc- trina de moribus; bene vivendi disciplina; quae de hominum moribus dicuntur ; quae de vita et moribus hominum praecipiuntur. || Moral character, see Morality. MORASS, palus; loca palustria, pi., or simply, palustria ; solum uliginosum ; terra uliginosa. MORBID, morbosus, imbecillus, inrirmus : a m. slate of mind, aegrotatio animi (C). MORE, plures, neut. plura; complures, neut. com- plura (subst. and adj. ; plures it always comparative in vespect of a smaller number ; complures presents rather one collective idea, so that the comparison is over- looked). — plus (subst. either alone or with a gen. [e. g., plus pecuniae], or adverbially ; with a comparative force, and always in respect of quantity ; it therefore denotes a greater number, mass, 8>c., and Jig., something of greater extent, value, fyc. : rarely, and only in certain connexions, plus is = magis, e. g. plus amare, diligere). — amplius (as a neut. adj. denotes greater extent, value, fyc, e. g. ego sum aedilis, hoc est, amplius quam privatus : it also denotes addition, without comparison, e. g., what do you want m. ? quid vultis amplius? As an adv. amplius denotes excess in duration of time (= longer), or excess of number; e g. m than six hours, amplius sex horis ; m. than a hundred men, amplius centum). — magis (adv., refers to the quality of objects com- pared, and denotes that a property, a relation, fyc, exists in a higher degree; e. g„ to take athg more as a reproach [than another does], qd in contumeliam acci- pere magis). — potius (adv., rather, sooner; a sub- 48 MOR jective word, denoting choice betiveen two objects, actions, fyc. With polius one of the objects compared is always actually preferred; magis only attributes a higher degree to one, while both exist; e. g. would he have liked being at Utica m. than being at Rome? an ille Uticse potius quam Romae esse maluisset?). — ultra, prep, with ace. (denotes excess of measure, relation, %c, e. g., m. than half a pint, ultra heminam : m. than a woman, ultra feminam). — 'Than' after m. is ex- pressed in Latin after plus and amplius by quam or by the abl. ; but with words of numoer quam is usually omitted ; quam is always used aft. magis and potius. — m. than once, saepius ISgfT Krebs says that plus quam semel, plus semel do not occur ; but they are sts found, although prps only in negative sentences, e. g., uterque — non plus quam semel eloquetur, C. Off. 3, 16, 51 ; Lucullus puer apud patrem nunquam lautum convivium vidit in quo plus semel Graecum vinum daretur, Varr.). The English 1 more' in connexion with a subst. or adj. is frequently expressed by a compara- tive; when a second member of comparison follows, this likewise must be in the comparative ; e.g., with m. at- tention or care, attentius, diligentius : with m. boldness than fortune, fortius quam felicius : with m. heat than caution, calidior quam cautior (cf. Grotef. § 165, Zumpt § 690). — After negatives, a) = further, over and above, amplius, ultra, e.g., I desire nothing m., nihil amplius or ultra flagito ; = longer, further, jam : no m. = longer, non jam (C. and L. do not use amplius in this sense with a negative) : = / hope no m., non jam, nihil jam spero : no one will any m. say this, hoc jam nemo dicet. Piir.) To give m , plus dare (m. than another). — amplius dare (to give after one has already given). — supra addere, or simply addere (to give over and above). To bid m., pluris liceri (m. than another). — supra adjicere (to add to a former bidding) : to be m., plus esse (in number, in value, of things). — amplius esse (as to extent, value, dignity, of things). — potentiorem esse, plus posse (as to power).— altiorem dignitatis gradum tenere (as to rank, these of persons). And what is m.(mtensive), et, quod plus est; et quod majus est (g3p" not et quod magis est). — atque adeo (and even). — quTn etiam (moreover). — quid? yet what is still m., immo, immo enim vero: still m., plus etiam (as to quantity).— amplius (further): this is no m. than right (in assent), recte et merito : by so much m., tanto plus (in quantity, fyc). — eo magis (in degree): half as much m., dimidioplus; dimidia parte plus : a little m., paullo plus or amplius : considerably m., aliquanto plus or amplius : much m., multo plus (as to quantity, %c). — multo magis (in degree) : nothing m., nihilo plus ; nihilo magis : m. or less, plus mi- nusve; plus minus (jgggr magis aut minus is not class.): m. and m., magis magisque ; magis et magis; plus plusque. MOREL, || A plant, solanum (Plin.). \\ A kind of cherry, *physalis Alkekengi (Linn.). MOREOVER, praeterea, ad hoc, ad haec (^jgTnot super haec, super ista, adhuc, in class, prose, cf. Benecke Just. 2, 9, 4). — secundum ea (next to those things ; as Cces. B. G. 1, 33). — insuper (over and above).— ultra (further, beyond. — jggp° Alioquin and alias are not class., ace. to Hand, Tursell. 1, p. 235, sq. and p. 225, sq.) : primum hostium impetum sustinuerunt, multis ultro vulneribus illatis, and m. (Cces. B. G. 5, 28). MORN, poetical for Morning, vid. MORNING, mane (indecl.). — tempus matutinum (pi., the mornings, tempora matutina ; e. g., lectiun- culis consumere) : in the m., mane ; matutino tempore : that is or takes place in them., matutinus : the early m., primum mane; prima lux, or simply, early in them., primomane; multo mane; bene mane ; prima luce; ubi primum illuxit; ad lucemT prifno diluculo : fm m. to evening, a mane ad vesperum : till m., ad lucem (e. g., vigilare).— ad ipsum mane (e. g., vigilare noctes, poet.): towards m, sub lucem: the whole m., totum mane: this m., hodie mane: hodierno mane: yesterday m., hesterno mane; hesttrno die mane: on the following m., postero mane : the m. V,awns, luces- cit; diluceseit; lux appetit ; sol exoritur: good m.l salve ! or (to several) salvete ! to wish any one good m., salutare qm. MORNING CALL, salutatio matutina, or simply salutatio (a saluting, $c.).— officium antelucanum (early attendance) : to make a m. call, mane salutare, also simply salutare qm: to come to pay a m. call, venire qm salutatum. MORNING-GOWN, *vestis quam mane induo ($$jT avoid vestis matutina, wch prps is not Latin). — vestis domestica (a gown worn in the house). MOR MORNING-STAR, Stella diurna (Plant. Men. 1, 2, 26). — Lucifer, Venus (planet). MORNING-WATCH, tertia vigilia {about three o'clock). — quarta vigilia (about six o'clock). MOROCCO (leather), aluta, ae. MOROSE, austerus, severus, tetricus, difficilis, mo- rosus, tristis. [Sys. in Austere.] MOROSELY, austere, acerbe. MOROSENESS, austeriras, acerbitas, severitas, difficultas, moro-itas, tristitia. [Syn. in Austere.] MORRIS-DANCE, ludus Mauritanicus ; chorea (poet.) Mauritanica. MORROW, crastinus dies, posterus dies (in narra- tion, with ref. to past lime): to-m., eras; crastino die (in letters). — postridie ejus diei, qui erat turn futurus, quum haec scribeham (see C. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 1) : early to- rn., eras mane : till to-m., in crastinum (diem): on the m. (i. e. on the following day, in narratives of past transactions), postero die. MORSEL, || .4 mouthful, offula (Col.); offella, bucella (Mart. ; frustulum, Appul.) : a m. of bread, mica panis (Petr.) : delicate m.'s, lautitiae(.SW£.); bonze res (Np. Ages. 8, 5) ; cupedia, orum (Plaut.). \\ A small quantity, frustum; paululum (C.) ; exiguum (Plin.); also by diminutives ; e. g., my m. of money, numuli mei ; vindemiolas nostra? (C.) : he has not a m. of brains, ne lantillum quidem sapit. MORTAL, \\Subject to death, mortalis ; morti obnoxius: m.'s, homines, mortales (HggTm the best prose only in connexion with oranes, euncti, multi ; not for homines g. t.). \\ D eadly, destructive, xaox- tifer (gfgTletalis or letifer, poet.). || Extreme (a vulgar acceptation of the word) ; by superlatives : a m. enemy, hostis capitalis, infensissimus, implacabilis. || Human, humanus. MORTALITY, \\ State of being subject to death, mortalitas ; mortalis conditio or natura. \\ Death, mors, interitus, obitus. See Death. jj Frequency of death, numerus mortuorum : there was a great m that year, permulti homines eo anno moitui sunt or morte absumpti sunt. |1 Human nature, mortals, homines (pi.). MORTALLY, \\To death, mortifere, letaliter (Piin.) : to be m. wounded, mortiferum vulnus accipere. || Extremely, misere; perditer; valde; vehe- menter. MORTAR, || A vessel in wch athg is pounded, mortarium; pila (less than mortarium) : a small m., mortariolum (late).— pila paullula (Cato, R. R. 14, 2) : to pound athg in a m., in mortario or in pila tundere ; in pila pinsere. \\A kind of large gun, ♦morta- rium (beliicum). || Prepared lime, mortarium, calx praeparata (Vitr.); arenatum (one third lime, and two t drds sand) : to cover with m., arenatum inducere ci rei. MORTGAGE, s. hypotheca. — [gglTpignus means a pledge, and is said of moveable articles; hypotheca only of immoveables ; but pignus may be used in the sense of mortgage, when the context fixes the sense; e. g., domum agro^que pignori accipere (T.), to take upon m. MORTGAGE, hypothecam obligare (Pand.); dare qd hypothecae ( JCt. ) ; pignerare, oppignerare (domus, agrum) : to be mortgaged, hypothecae nomine obligatum esse (Pand.). MORTGAGEE, creditor hypothecarius (U/p.). MORTIFICATION, \\Act of mortifying ; by the verbs. || Subduing of passions, libidinum coer- citio, refrenatio (Sen.). || Disappointment, vexa- tion, aefiritudo; molestia; maeror. MORTIFY, Intrans.) mod; emori; praemori. Trans.) || To subdue (passions or appetites), corporis libidines coercere, refraenare. *se ipsum or corpus suum castigare. || To vex, aegritudinem or maerorem afivrre ci ; molestiam ci afferre or exhi- bere : to be mortified at, aegritudine or molestia affici ex qa. re. MORTISE, s. cardo femina (cardo mascula, the tenon, Vitr.). MORTISE, v. tignum immittere; tignum injungere in asserem. MORTMAIN, quod alienari non potest (aft. C). MORTUARY, adj. funebris. MOSAIC, opus museum (Inscr. or simply museum, Plin., or musivum, Spart.). — opus tessellatum (with small dice and stones, e-ply of coloured marble, as a pave- ment, also litlio-trotum. — gSgTOpus sectile denotes work in larger pieces of coloured marble) : a m. pave- ment, pavimentum tessellatum; pavimentum tessellis or vermiuulatis crustis or crustulis stratum or exorna- tum; asarotum (Stat.). 49 MOT MOSQUE, *aedes Turcica. MOSQUITO, culexpipiens (Linn.). MOSS, muscus. — villi arborum (growing on trees). — To clear trees of m., arbores emuscare (g. t); arboribus museum abradere. arbores interradere (by scraping it off). — A m. rose, *rosa muscosa. MOSSY, muscosus (full of, or covered with, moss). — musco similis (like moss) : a m. seat, sedes musco strata. MOST, adv. plurimus : the m., pi. plurimi; plerique (fg'pluiimi as super l. of multi in opp. to paid, the greatest quantity, m/y adj., with a gen. ; but plerique (ol iroWoi) the greater part, the majority, mhj subst. and of persons, not with a gen. In T. and even in S. we find plurimi usually for the most, and plerique for many, with a subst. in the same case ; see Zumpt, § 109, Ramsh. § 42, Bremi ad Np. Prcef. 1, Herz. ad Cees. B. G. 4, 5 ; Fabri, Herz, Kritz, ad S. Jug. 6, 1, Grysar, p. 121): for the m. part, maximam partem, maxima ex parte: aim., summum; quum plurimum (L. 33, 5, 9, trium aut, quum plurimum, quatuor ramorum vallos cssdit ; |^f° ad summum is ko* Latin; see Hand, Tursell. 1, p. 132, sq.). MOST. adv. plurimum, maxime. MOSTLY, || For the most part, maximam partem; maxima ex parte. \\ Most frequently, generally, plerumque (opp. semper). — plurimum ; vuleo (with ref. to a number of subjects, by wch a thing is done or in wch it has place) ; fere (com- monly). MOTE, atomus, \, f. ; corpus individuum, or indivi- duum et solidum (C); corpus insecabile (Vitr. Q.): Prov) to see a m. in another's eye, and not to see a beam in one's own, vid. Beam. MOTH, tinea: m.-eaten, tineis perforatus. MOTHER, ||Prop. mater. — matrix (only of animals ; 8§S^° Procreatrix for mater does not occur in the proper sense, nor is genitrix so used in classic prone ; hence both must be avoided) : to become a m , partum edere ; by any one, gravidum fieri ex or de qo ; matrem fieri de qo (O. Met. 3, 270) : to be a m., peperisse : to be the m. of three children, trium liberorum matrem esse; tres liberos peperisse: children of one m., liberi eadem matre nati ; liberi uterini (Cod. Just. 5, 61, 2) : that has a m still alive, matrimus : on the m.'s side, maternus : that has lost his m., matre orbus. || Fig.) producer, nourisher, mater (g. t.); parens, procreatrix, genitrix (parens to be used when the subst. is masc. in Latin): the earth is the common m. of all mortals, terra est communis mater omnium mortalium : philosophy is the m. of all sciences, procreatrix quaedam et quasi parens omnium artium est philosophia : frugality is the m. of virtues, genitrix virtutum frugalitas: honour is the m. (promoter) of the arts, honos alit artes. MOTHER-TONGUE, sermo patrius ; sermo, qui natus est nobis, sermo nativus (g. t.) ; sermo noster, lingua nostra (J§§p° lingua materna and sermo ma- ternus are not Latin; and lingua patria; lingua verna- cula, sermo vernaculus do not occur) : to use or speak one's m.-tongue, sermone patrio uti; sermone eo uti qui natus est nobis ; sermonem patrium dicere : to write in one's m.-tongue, librum sermone eo, qui natus est nobis, conficere (aft. Np. Hann.). MOTHERLESS, matre orbus: to become m., matre orbari. MOTHERLY, maternus ; or by the gen. matris. MOTION, s. || Movement, motus (in almost all the senses of the English word) — motio (a putting in m). — agitatio (a moving to and fro). — jactatus, jactatio (a fluctuating m., e. g. of the sea). — concussus, con- cussio (a violent shaking m.). — machinatio (artificial m): m. of the body, corporis motus ; agitatio motusque corporis (of the body and of the hands), corporis motio et gestus : to be in m., moveri ; agitari (to be driven backwards and forwards) : to be in constant, perpetual m., semper esse in motu; sempiterno motu praeditum esse (e. g. of the heavenly bodies) : to set in m., see To Move, prop : to put in quick or rapid m., incitare ; concilare (to urge on). — jactare (to throw about): to re- ceive m. from without, pulsu externo agitari; fm within, motu cieri interiore ; cieri et agi motu suo; per se ipsum et sua sponte moveri : to have a certain and uni- form m., motu quodam certo et aequabili uti. || Im- pulse, motus; impulsus : of one's own m., mea (tua, &c.) sponte. || Proposal made, consilium; con- ditio; actio: to make a m., conditionem ferre, propo- nere ; ferre qd (ad populum).— rrferre qd (ad senatum). — postulare de re {before a court of justice): to make a m. for a law, ferre legem, rogationem : to make a m. for peace, depaceagere; pacis auctorem or suasorem 20 MOT exsistere : to oppose a m., actioui summa vi resistere ; adversus actionem summa ope anniti : to support a m., suffrasrari ci. MOTIONLESS, {prop, and fig.) immobilis ; im- motus; stabilis; fixus {prop.); motu carens. MOTIVE, adj. qui movet, &c. MOTIVE, s. causa, ratio (C); consilii motus {Plin. Ep.) : an external m„ impulsus externus, or simply impulsus, stimulus (C); si requirit, quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec tam sero Uteris mandaremus (if any one ask what m. induced, C. N. D. 1, 4, 7). — quasi moventia proponere (as m.'s, C. Tusc. 5, 24, 68). MOTLEY, \\ Dappled, coloris maculosi (Col.)-, coloris disparis; maculis albis (Virg.). {{Diversified, mixtus, varius. MOTTO, sententia; dictum (C): his m. was, hoc dictum usurpare, or in ore habere, solebat : / take it as my m., meum illud verbum facio (TO- MOULD, s. || Soil, terra, humus: rich m., terra gravis, humus pinguis : light m., terra facilis, humus levis : loose m., terra resoluta; humus soluta : fine m., humus minuta, tenera. \\A damp concretion, situs; mucor (mustiness). — putredo (rottenness, fi^if late) : to smell of m., situm redolere : to contract m., situm ducere. \\Form, forma (Plin.; formae in quibus aera funduntur) ; formula (Ammian.) : to be cast in the same m., una forma percussos esse (Sen. Ep. 34). MOULD, v. || Prop.) To fashion, form, fingere, effingere, confingere, formare, figurare, qd (ex argella, e cera, ex qa materia). ||Fig.) fingere; effmgere; formare. MOULDER, in pulverem abire, dissipari, dis- pergi. MOULDY, situ corruptus ; mucidus (musty).— putri- dus (rotten) : to grow m., situ corrumpi ; mucorem con- trahere ; mucescere ; putrescere : to be m., situ corrup- tum esse ; mucere. MOULT, plumas ponere or exuere. MOULTING, defluvium plumarum (aft. Plin., de- fluvium capillorum). MOUND, tumulus, grumus (tumulus, like oxOos, means either a natural or artificial elevation; grumus only an artificial elevation, like x^yua). — agger (prop., earth heaped up). — tumulus terrenus (Cces. B. G. 1, 43). MOUNT, v. lNTR.)scandere(£.). 50 MOU MOUNTEBANK, circulator (g. t., Sen. Cels.); pharmacopola, circumforaneus (a quack doctor). MOURN, lugere; in luctu esse squalere; in luctu et squalore esse (with ref. to Roman customs). — (U^p" the degrees of mourning are thus stated by C, luget senatus; maeret equester ordo; tota civitas confecta senio est ; squalent municipia, Mil. 8, 20) ; maerere qa, re or qd, is to feel inward grief, wch displays itself on the countenance and by gestures ; lugere, so to m. as to adopt the conventional signs or emblems of mourn- ing. MOURNFUL, || Sorrowful, tristis ; maestus. || Causing sorrow, tristis, miserandus, commise- randus, rniseratione digitus (of persons and things. |g§|r Miserabilis in this sense is not found in the best prose). — dolendus, lugendus (of things ; — deserving of pity). || Expressive of sorrow, lamentabilis ; lugubris. MOURNFULLY, || Sorrowfully, maeste; maesto, tristi animo. \\ In a mournful manner, misera- biliter; flebiliter; lamentabili voce (with mournful tones); luguhriter (Appul.). MOURNING, || Sorrow, grief, luctus ; maestitia ; maeror. A house of m., domus lugubris (g. t.); domus funesta (in wch a corpse lies). \\ The outward signs, garb, fyc. of sorrow, vestis or cultus lugubris; squa- lor ; sordes. To be in m., pullatum or sotdidatum esse ; squalere : many noble families were in m., multae et clarae lugubres erant domus : in m., sordidatus ; pulla- tus; atratus ; veste lugubri vestitus : to put on m., vestem mutare ; vestem lugubrem sumere or induere : to leave off m., ad vestitum (suum) redire (opp. vestem mutare) ; luctum deponere or finire; vestem lugubrem deponere or exuere. MOUSE, mus. A little m., musculus : a field-m., shrew-m., sorex, Icis, m. (the first syll. is long in Sen'n. Samm., short in Auct. Carm. de Philom.): of a m., murinus: m.-colour, color murinus (Plin): m.-skin, pellis murina (Just.): all is as quiet as a m., altum est silentium ; nulla exauditur vox. MOUSE-EAR, pr. auricula muris; (a plant), *myos- otis (Linn.). MOUSE-HOLE, cavum muris (H.). MOUSE-TRAP, muscipula; muscipulum (Varr. Phcedr.): a m. trap that is set, muscipula contenta. MOUTH, || Of men or animals, os (prop.). — rostrum (an instrument for gnawing ; hence snout, beak; also in contempt or facete for the human m.). — rictus oris, or simply rictus (an opening of the in., an open m.). — hiatus oris, or simply hiatus (a wide opening of the m as in yawning). With open m , hians : to open the m. (in order to speak), os aperire (poet.) : to open the mouth wide, rictum diducere (in astonishment, laughter, or speaking; poet.). — hiare (g. t.).— oscitare (in yawn- ing) : to open any one's m. (in order to put athg into it), ci os diducere : do not open your m. too wide (in laugh- ing, speaking), sint modici rictus (0. A. A. 3, 283); observandum est ne immodicus hiatus rictum dis- tendat (Q 1, 11,9): to distort the m., labra distorquere (ib.): to make a m. at athg (contemptuously), rictu oris * ductuque labrorum .contemni a se qd ostendere (Gell. 18, 4): to look at a horse's m., equi dentes inspiceie: Prov. don't look a gift horse in the m., equi donati dentes non inspiciuntur (Hieron.) : to stop a per- son's m., linguam ci occludere ; os ci obturare (comic) : to snatch a thing out of one's in., qd ci ab ore rapere ; praeripere ci qd ; ex ore or ex faucibus eripere ci qd (e. g. bolum, orationem ; comic) ; eripere ci qd (e. g. responsionem, comic) : you take the word out of my m., istuc ibam (comic) : to put athg into one's m. (fig., i. e. to introduce him as saying), qm qd loquentem facere : athg makes one's m. water, qd salivam niihi movet (also fig. in epistolary style, as Sen. Ep. 79, 6, iEtna tibi salivam movet) : to have athg in one's m., qd in ore habere (prop, of food, and fig. of speech). — qd loqui (fig. of speech, hpelv tl, e. g. omnia magna loqui ; nihil nisi classes loqui et exercitus) : to be in ererybody's m., in omnium ore or in omnium ore et sermone esse, omni populo in ore esse, per omnium ora ferri (»f per- sons or things, in good or bad sense).— omniwm ser- mone vapulare (of persons, in a bad sense). — tota urbe or tota regione percelebrari (of things, to be spread abroad) : to have a thing fm a person's own m., coram ex ipso audivisse qd; qo auctore cognovisse qd : to speak through the m. of any one, cs ore loqui : not to shut one's m. (i. e. to speak boldly), libere loqui : to speak whatever comes into one's mouth, garrire or loqui quidquid in buccam venerit (see C. Ait. 1, 12, extr.\: out of the abundance of ike heart the in. speaketh, omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat (H. A. P. 337): MOU to keep the m. shut (fig.), tacere ; linguam compescere : to proceed out of the m. (of words, speech), ex ore cs exire, excidere, or mitti. \\ An opening, place of egress, fyc, os, ostium (e. g. of a river, $c); caput (one of several m.'s of a river) : the m. of a gutter, drain, nares canalis : the m. of a cannon, *os tormenti bellici: m. of a hive, foramen quo exitus et introitus datur api- bus (Col. 9, 7, 5). MOUTHFUL, offa, frustum, bolus (Plaut. Ter.), buccea (Suet.). MOVE, v. || Prop., Tk.) movere, commovere, ciere (to put in motion). — agitare (to move to and fro). — ver- sare (to turn round). — quatere (to shake). — moliri (with exertion). — rotare, circumagere (to move in a circle; rotare is rather poet.). Tom. the bowels; vid. Purge. Prov., to m. heaven and earth, *ccelumetterram movere, ut aiunt Angli (aft. Acheronta movebo ; V.). Intr.) movere ; se commovere ; moved ; commoveri (to put oneself in motion, or to be in motion). — incitari (to be put in quick motion; opp. retardari). — ferri (to be moved involuntarily, with violence; opp. labi ; esply of the heavenly bodies). — micare, vibrare (to m. tremulously, e. g. of light). To m. in a circle, in orbem circumagi: to m. about a thing, ambire qd ; versari circum qd (e. g. about an axis). — ferri circum qd ; volvi circum qd (to turn itself about, #e): to m. as one pleases, ut quisque vult ita uti motu sui corporis : to m. sponta- neously, cieri et agi motu suo ; sua vi moveri ; per se ipsum et sua vi moveri; per se ipsum et sua sponte moveri : not to m. fin the spot, ex loco se non commo- vere. || Fig.) movere, commovere (g. t.). — afncere qm or cs animum (to put into a certain state of mind). — flectere cs animum (to cause one to alter his mind). — vincere, expugnare (to induce compliance at last ; with precibus, precibus lacrimisque, &c). To move one to athg, qm ad qd adducere, impellere (g. t.); qm ad qd inducere (esply to lead astray, seduce). — persuadere ci, ut, &c. dg^p" never with the ace.) — to endeavour to m., sollicitare, ad qd or with ut, &c. : to m. one to pity, qm ad misericordiam adducere or allicere : to m. to laugh- ter, risum ci movere : to m. to tears, movere or elicere ci lacrimas : not to be moved by any one's tears, cs lacri- mas repudiare. || To make a motion, vid. Motion. MOVE, s. see Motion. To make a m., movere : to make the first m. (at play), prior calculum moveo (Q. 11, 2, 38). MOVEABLE, mobilis (prop, and fig.).— agilis (prop, and fig.). — mollis (flexible). A m. feast, dies sacrincii non status ; sacrificium non statum (cf. Flor. 1, 13 ; C. Tusc. 1, 47, 113): m.'s, res moventes; res, quae moveri possunt or quae ferri agique possunt ; ruta caesa, ruta et caesa (v. pr., not fixtures); supellex (household furni- ture). MOVED, = Affected, impelled, motus or com- motus (qa re) ; adductus (induced), impulsus (impelled) qa re. M. by any one, qo auctore (by persuasion).— qo suasore (by advice).— qo impulsore (by urgency). Jn. qo auctore et suasore ; qo suasore et impulsore. MOVEMENT, motus; motio ; agitatio (see Mo- tion). The m. party, qui rebus novis student. |j In music, *locus, *pars, *membrum (Ban.). MOVING, adj. = Affecting, animum movens, commovens (g. t.): miserationem or misericordiam movens (exciting compassion). — gravis (impressive). vebemens (powerful). A m. speech, oratio gravis, ve- hemens, ardens : a m. spectacle, species flebilis ; spec- taculum luctuosum. MOW, s. meta ; acervus (e. g. fceni ; $*^Tnot fcenile, wch is — a hay-loft, Col.) : to make (hay) m.'s, fcenum in metas exstruere (Col. 2, 18, 2). MOW, v. (fcenum) secare, demetere, succidere, caedere; (prata) desecare; absol., metere. MOWER, falcator, messor(owe who mows corn). — fceniseca, fcenisector (Col.), fcenisex (Van:; one who cuts grass). MOWING, fcenisicium (Varr. ; hay-harvest). MUCH, adj. multus; largus (copious, abundant). (5§3F This word must often be rendered in Latin by the neuter multum and a genitive: multus is used as an adj. when it is convertible into many ; as asubst., with a genitive, when it may be represented by the English great or large.) I want m. money, mihi multum pecuniae opus est : to bestow m. pains upon athg, mul- tum et industrial in qa re ponere, collocare (C): the thing costs m. pains, res est multi, magni, laboris : to have m. leisure, otio abundare : so m., tantus : I have not so m. leisure, tantum otii mihi non datum est: thus m. I had to say, write, haec hactenus ; haec sunt quae dicenda putavi; haec habebam, quae dicerem, scri- berem : to eat loo m., modum excedere in edendo: 51 MUL nimium esse in edendo : not to be of m. consequence, parvi esse momenti. MUCH, adv. multum; magnopere; with compara- tives also multo, longe. Too m., nimium; nimis ; plus aequo; satis superque : by how m., quanto : by so m., tanto. MUCH LESS, multo minus. — nedum (sis with ut ; e. g. at the best times they could not endure the tribunitial power, much less in these, with these customs, fyc, optimis temporibus non potuerunt vim tribuniciam sustinere, nedum his temporibus, his moribus, &c. : a Satrap could never bear his expense, much less could you, Satrapa nunquam ejus sumptus efficere queat, nedum (ut) tu possis ; sts ne is used for nedum, with a conjunct, follow- ing; seeC. ad Div. 9, 26, 2; S. Cat. 11, 8, Fabri; L. 3, 52, 9, Gronov.) : to give nothing to a friend, much less to an enemy, nihil amico, multo minus ci inimico qd donare. For ' not . . . much less,' we may use crcl. with non modo non, or (if both propositions have a common verb) simply non modo . . . sed ne quidem ; e. g. such a man will not dare to think, much less to do a wrong thing, talis vir non modo facere sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit, quod non honestum sit (cf. Zumpt, § 724). Or we may say tantum abest ut in either of the following forms : — Demosthenes himself does not please me, much less can I admire my own writings, tantum abest, ut nostra miremur, ut nobis non satisfaciat Demosthenes ; or, scarcely could we resist sleep, much less could you, excite us, tantum abfuit ut inflammares nostros ani- mos, somnum vix tenebamus. MUCH MORE, multo magis (with ref. to degree, = in greater measure). — potius (with ref. to choice, — rather). — quin, quin etiam, potius (denoting climax). — imo, imo vero (introducing a correction or exceptional clause or remark). MUCID, mucidus. To become m., mucescere (Plin.) ; mucorem contrahere (Col.). MUCIDNESS, mucor, oris. MUCILAGE, mucus; pituita (phlegm). MUCILAGINOUS, muculentus (Prudent.); muco- sus (Cels. ; Col.). MUCK, fimus; stercus, bris. M.-heap, sterquili- nium. MUCK- WORM, || Prop.) *scarabaeus stercorarius (Linn.). \\ Fig.) homo sordidus or tenax. MUCKY, stercoreus (Plaut.). MUCOSY, mucosus ; mucidus. MUD, lutum (mud consisting of loosened earth and water). — ccenum (dirt, filth; with the idea of impurity and disagreeableness). — limus (of a river, fyc). To roll in the m., volvi in coeno : covered with m., oblitus cceno. MUD-WALL, lutamentum (Cat.). MUDDLE, || To render turbid, (aquam) turbare (Ov.), obturbare (Plin.), turbulentam facere Phcedr.). || To make half-drunk, inebriare ; vino qm depo- nere (Plaut.). To be muddled, vino madere. MUDDY, lutosus, lutulentus, coenosus, limosus. Syn. in Mud. MUFF, *tegumentum manuum ex pellibus factum ; *tegumentum manuum pelliceum (Kraft). |g§|r Ma- nica is a long sleeve, and pellis manicata a garment of fur with such sleeves. MUFFIN, *libum quod muffin dicitur. MUFFLE, involvere (opp. aperire). To m. the head, caput involvere, velare, tegere, obtegere. MUFFLER, tegumentum, involucrum, velamen- tum. MUG, see Cup. MUGGY (Of weather), humidus. MUGWORT, «Artemisia (Linn.). MULATTO, hibrida. MULBERRY, morum. M.-tree, morus (Plin.). MULCT, see Fine. MULE, mulus (C); fern. mula. MULETEER, mulio (Cccs.). MULL, (vinum) *coquere. Mulled wine, vinum candens. MULLEN, *verbascum (Linn.). MULLET, mullus (C ); *mullus barbatus (Linn.). MULLIGRUBS, tormina, urn, pi. (Plin) MULLION, by crcl. *ea pars lenestrae quae mullion dicitur. ( We do not read of athg corresponding to ths in ancient writers.) MULTANGULAR, multangulus (Lwcr. ); polygonius (once; Vitr.). MULTIFARIOUS, varius, multiplex. (£gf Mul- tifarius obsol., revived by the Grammarians ; but multi- fariam, adv., is found in the best class., yet not often.) 202 MUL MULTIFARIOUSLY, varie; vario modo; multi- fariam (fla.ss., but rare). MULTIFORM, multiformis {class., but rare) ; *mul- tas formas habens ; multis formis. MULTILATERAL, multa, complura, latera habens ; in geometry also polygonius (Vitr.). MULTIPLE, *numerus alium numerum multoties continens (Liinem.). MULTIPLICATION, multiplicatio (Col.), or by a verb. MULTIPLY, [| Trans.) multiplicare. To m. three by four, tria quater multiplicare; tria quater ducere (kfe?^ n °l ter quater sumere) : to m. a number by itself, numerum in se (|S3F° n "t inter se) multiplicare : to m. these sums by each other, has summas in se or inter se multiplicare : the breadth multiplied by the length gires 1500 feet, latitudinem cum longitudine muhiplicando efticiemus pedes mille et quingentos. || Intrans.) crescere ; augeri ; augescere ; auctibus crescere or augeri. MULTITUDE, multitudo (g. t.). — magnus numerus (great number). — acervus (a heap of things lying to- gether). — turba (a confused m. or heap ; of persons or things) — nubes (a great or dense m. of things or living creatures like a cloud; but l^gsT since regard must always be had to the shape of a cloud, it is not Latin to say nubes exemplorum for multa exempla or magna copia exemplorum). — silva (a mass of materials fm tuck one can make a choice ; but only of mental operations; e. g. silva rerum et sentenMarum ; silva observadonum ; silva virtutum et vitiorum), — vis (a number of persons or things, considered as containing power or energy). — caterva, agmen (a band, troop of persons). — copia (suf- ficiency of flings needful or useful; hence of persons only when they are considered as means or instruments ; e. g. armatorum, virorum fortium copia). — frequentia (a number of persons present; also of things). — vulgus (the common people). — sexcenti is often employed in Latin to denote an indefinitely large number; e.g. 1 received a m. of letters at once, sexcentas literas uno tempore accepi : an innumerable m., multitudo, copia incredibilis ; vis magna: one of the m. (of people), unus e or de multis : to have a m. of, abundare, redun- dare, affluere qa. re; plenum esse cs rei. MULTITUDINOUS, numerosus, c'reber, magno numero. MUM, s. *cerevisiae genus pinguius. MUM, inter j. tace! pi. tacete! fuvete Unguis! si- lentium tene ! pi. teneate ! MUMBLE, mussare, mussitare, murmurare. MUMMERY, || Prop.) incessus personatus (Ban.). \\ Fig.) nugae; ineptia? ; ludi; somnia ; tricae ; gerrse. MUMMY, i| A dead body preserved by em- balming, mortuus arte medicatus (Mela, 1, 2, 75); corpus defuncti odoribus illitum (Lact. 2, 4, 9); scele- tus [prop., a shrivelled corpse; Appul.). \\ Gum, gummi, indecl. (Plin.); gummis (Col.). To beat one to m., qm probe percutere, plagis irrigare (Plaut.). MUMP, v. see Nibble, Mumble, Cheat. MUMPISH, morosus; difficdis. MUMPS, || A disease, angina (Cels.). \\ Sullen- ness. animus tristis, morosus; tristitia; stomachus. MUNCH, manducare; or, more fully, *porcorum manducantium sonos imitari. MUNDANE, mundanus ; see Worldly. MUNICIPAL, municipalis. MUNICIPALITY, municipium (a free town, having its own laws and magistrates, and also the right of Roman citizenship). MUNIFICENCE, munificentia ; beneficentia; be- nignitas : liberalitas ; largiias. MUNIFICENT, largus (6pp. parcus, tcnax, restric- tus). — liberalis (opp. sordid us). — beneficus (benevolent). — munificus (generous). — benigims (kind). MUNIFICENTLY, munifice ; benigne; liberaliter ; large (C.) ; benefice (Gel I.) ; Jn. large liberaliterque ; munifice et large. MUNIMENT, see Fortification, Document. MUNITION, instrumenta et apparatus belli (C); apparatus bellicus (L.) ; copia earum rerum quae per- tinent ad usum belli (aft. Cccs.). MURAL, muralis. MURDER, s. caedes (g. t.) — homicidium (of any person). — parricidium (of pi-rsons sacred and inviolable, as of parents, brothers or sisters, princes fyc.). Them, of any one, caedes, occisio, caedes et occido cs, caedes qua qs occisus est (Ig^^ interfectio cs is not class.). — nex cs (violent death). — scelus cs interfecti, mors per scelus ci illata (crime committed on any one) : to com- mit m., caedem, homicidium facere ; parricidium com- 52 MUS mittere ; parricidio se obstringere : to commit a m. on any one, caedem cs facere, efheere, or perpetrare ; mor- tem per scelus ci inferre; necem ci inferre, offerre; ci vim afferre (to offer violence to). — qm interficere or oc- cidere (to kill) : to commit m. aft. m., caedem caede ac- cumulare (Lucr. 3, 71): to accuse of m., qm caedis | arguere : to acquit of m., qm caedis absolvere. MURDER, v. interficere, occidere (to kill). — necare qm, necem inferre ci, vim ci afferre (with violence). — trucidareqm (to slaughter, like cattle). — jugular e qm (to cut the throat, and so to kill). — qm tollere de or e medio (g. t. to remove). To seek to m. any one, cs vitae in- sidiari ; vitam cs ferro atque insidiis appetere; ci in- teritum appetere. MURDERER, homicida (g. t.).— parriclda (of a per- son naturally sacred and inviolable, as of a father, mother, brother or sister, magistrate, prince, fyc. ; ivhcre perspicuity requires it, also with a word denoting the in- dividual on whom the murder is committed ; as parricida liberum, L. 3, 50; parricida regis, patriae, exercitus, Curt. 6, 9, 30; parricida parentis sui, Curl. 8, 7, 2). — sicarius (an assassin). — percussor (one who smites; sts as a milder expression for sicarius ; see C. Rose. Am. 33, 93). — auctor uecis (the originator of a murder; opp. conscius necis, i. e. one privy to it). The m. of any one, cs interfector (never, except where the context determines the sense, used without a word denoting the individual murdered. — fl^Sjp" We find occisor cs only in Plant. Mil. 4, 2, 64 ; interemptor and peremptor are of later origin, and therefore to be avoided) : the m. of a brother, fratricida; of a mother, matriclda. MURDEROUS, sanguinarius (bloodthirsty).— cm- entus (bltody). — capitalis (even to death ; e. g. hostis, inimicus, odium). — internecinus (that ends in the de- struction of one party or of both; v. pr. of a war ; in later writers also fig. of a disease, fyc.) MURIATIC, munaticus (Plant. Pcen. 1, 2, 32, adj. fm muria). M. acid, *aeidum muriaticum (t. t.). MURKY", obscurus, tenebricosus, caliginosus. A m. night, nox obducta (Np.) : a m. sky, ccelum caligino- sum. MURMUR, MURMURING, || A low sound, and frequently repeated, murmur (L.); parvae vocis munnura (0. Met. 12, 52); murmuratio (the act of murmuring; Plin.). M. of water, plaridae aquae soni- tus (Tib.); of leaves, fyc, susurrus. \\ Complaint, fremitus ; querela. MURMUR, v. || To make a low and frequent sound, murmurare; susurrare (to whisper, purl; of persons or of water). — fremere (as a token of satisfaction, or the contrary). — mussare, mussitare (to speak in a low tone; these three only of persons).— cum murmure labi (of water). To m. among one another, inter se com- murmurare : to m. to oneself, secum commurmurari. || To complain, queri de qa re; non sedate, non aequo animo, ferre qd ; fremere. MURMURER, qui murmurat, &c. MURRAIN, lues pecuaria. MUSCADEL, uva apiana (Plin). MUSCLE, || (In the body), musculus (Cels.; torus, a projecting fleshy part of the body, brawn ; in the sense of muscle it is poet.). The m.'s of the upper arm, lacerti. || A shell-fish, concbylium. MUSCULAR, musculosus (Col.; Cels.); torosus (Col); robustus (strong). M. strength, vires corporis; lacerti. MUSE, s. Musa. Fond of the M.'s, Musis amicus (H.) : not fond of the M.'s, aversus a Musis (C). MUSE, v. meditari secum. To m. upon at'/g. medi- tari qd ; cogitare qd or de qa, re ; commentari qd or de qa re; agitare qd mente; volutare qd animo, secum animo. MUSEUM, *museum (Em.; a repository for curiosi- ties). — supellex, copia, thesaurus (contents of the re- pository). MUSHROOM, boletus ; fungus (toadstool, fungus). || As a term of reproach, fungus. MUSIC, || As an art ars musica (seldom simply musica, ae, /.). — musica, iTiim, n. ; studium musicum ; studium artis musicae. To study m , ad studium mu- sicum se applicare ; musicis or studio artis musicae se dedere : to learn m., *artem mtisicam discere ; fidibus (canere) discere (on a stringed instrument) : to under- stand m., fidibus scire (Ter.); musicis eruditum esse (opp. imperitum esse artis musicae ; musica non cal- lere) : a tea her of m., qui artem musicam docet (theo- retically); qui fidibus canere docet (practically ; a m. master). \\ Any thing produced by the art, a) a musical composition, modi musici ; in connexion also modi only. To compose m., rnodos facere ; MUS modos musioos componere (aft. Q. 1, 12, 14). b) the sound of musical instruments, cantus ; concentus (of several). MUSICAL, || Relating to music, musicus ; apta- tus ad usus canendi (e. g. an instrument, organ). || Skilled in music, musicus; musicis eruditus ; artis musicae peritus (aft. Plin.). To be m., fidibus scire(2Vr.) ; caliere, cognitam habere, artem musicain; intelligere artem canendi (opp. alienum esse, abhor- rere, a musicis, ab arte musica; imperitum, rudem, esse musicorum, musices) : a m. ear, sensus artis mu- sica?; judicium rei musicae; elegantia musica (Bau.) : to have a m. ear, eleganti, recto, vero artis musicae sensu, judicio valere ; or in connexion, aures eruditas or teretes habere (opp. torpere ad sensum soncrum, modorum melicorum ; nil videre in re melica ; Bau.). MUSICALLY, musice (C); e lege concentus ; e for- mula canendi; melice (Bau.) ; *arti musicae or melicae convenienter. MUSICIAN, symphoniaous (g. t. one of the orchestra). — fidfcen (on stringed instruments). — tlbicen (on the flute or clarionet). — corntcen (on the horn). MUSK, *moschus. MUSKET, *sclopetum (tubus ignivomus, Wyttenb.): barrel of a m., tubus, canna, sclopeti. M.^shot, *ictus sclopeti; (as a measure of distance), *quantum fert sclopetum : m -ball, *glans (cf. Cces. B. G. 5, 43) : to discharge a m., *glandem sclopeto expellere : butt- end of a m., *sclopeti manubrium : the firelock of a m., *sclopeti igniarium: the stock of a m., *sclopeti lig- num. MUSKETEER, *miles sclopeto armatus. MUSLIN, sindon (Freund) or byssus (Bottiger, Sabina, ii. p. 105. See Diet, of Antiqq., Byssus). MUST, s. (New wine), mustum. MUST, v. is variously expressed, 1) by the participle future passive, to denote obvious necessity ; e. g. we m. die, moriendum est : we m. confess that every animal is mortal, omne animal confitendum est esse mortale : the person by whom athg m. happen is expressed by the dative ; rarely by a or ab, and that only when a second dative would occasion obscurity ; e. g. every one m. use his own judgement, suo cuique judicio utendum est : you m. consult respecting the property of many citizens, nguntur bona multorum civium, quibus a vobis consu- lendum est (here a vobis on account of quibus, in C. Munil. 2, 6 ; on the contrary, ib. 22, 64, two datives). If the verb be trans., the object is added in the ace, chiefly by unclass. authors, esply by Varro ; but by class, writers it is changed into the nom., thepartcp. being in the same gender ; e. g. we m. strike into this path, haec via (nobis) ingredienda est (not banc viam ingrediendum est) : the orator m. regard three points, tria videnda sunt oratori. 2) By oportet (impers. del), to denote necessity wch pro- ceeds from grounds of reason or from the laws of justice, equity, or prudence. Sts an ace. with an inf. fallows ; sts a simple subjunct. (esply if ambiguity is to be avoid- ed); see Zumpt, § 625 ; Grotef. § 151, obs. 2; e. g. this man m. be bad, hunc hominem oportet esse improbum (/ have my reason for believing it to be so) : ttiis m. (from internal reasons) and ought (on account of external ad- vantage, 8fc.) to take place, hoc fieri et oportet et opus est : we m. despise nothing in war, nihil in bello oportet contemni : there are things wch one m. not do (ought not to do), even if they are permitted, est qd quod non opor- teat, etiamsi licet : he who does not know the way to the sea m. take a river as his guide, viam qui nescit, qua, deveniat ad mare, eum oportet amnem sibi quaerere : you m. love myself, not my property, if we are to be good friends, me ipsum ames oportet, non mea, si veri amici futuri simus. 3) By debere (bcpeiheiv), to specify the necessity wch marks a moral obligation, ' ought,' in a subjective sense; e. g. you m. honour him as your own father, eum patris loco colere debes : we were mooed by the misery of our allies; what m. we do now under our own sufferings 1 sociorum miseria, commovebamur ; quid nunc in nostro sanguine facere debemus? Since debere does not differ much from officium, the Latins frequently say for ' a person m.,' officium est, and with- out officium simply est cs (but with this difference, that cs officium est is = it belongs to a person's obligations, whereas est cs is = it is suitable to any one); e.g. a foreigner m. mind only his own business, peregrini offi- cium est (i. e. peregrinus debet) nihil praeter suum ne- gotium agere : a good orator m. have heard and seen much, est boni oratoris (i. e. bonus orator debet) multa auribus accepisse, multa vidisse. This omission of officium is quite common in the expressions, I, thou, you m., meum, tuum, vestrum est. 4) By putare and existimare in rhetorical style, when the speaker courl- 53 MUT eously declines to anticipate the judgement of the hearers .. but leaves it to them to draw their own conclusions' e. g. see to what a j)ass it m. come with the state, videte quem in locum rempublicam perventuram putetis (C. Rose. Am. 53, 153; cf. Manil. 9, 26): how many islands m. be abandoned? quam multas existimatis in- sulas esse desertas? (C. Manil. 11, 32) 5) By opus est (impers. xp>))> to denote subjective need, or that from the doing of wch one expects advantage. It is followed either by the ace. and inf., or, if the person who m. do athg be named, by ut with a subj., or by the ab/. of the perf. ptcpl. pass. ; e. g. if athg take place wch you m. know (i. e. wch it is your advant&je to know) I will write, si quid erit, quod te scire opus sit, scribam : / m. wash myself, mihi opus est, ut lavem : I found that I m. look after Hirtius, opus fuit Hirtio convento (cf. Grotef. § 175, b; Zumpt, § 464, Obs. 1). Also, ' m. have or use athg ' may be translated by mihi opus est, either impers. with the abl., orpers. with the nom. of that wch one m. have ; e. g. we m. have a leader and guide, dux et auctor nobis opus est : we m. use your influence, auctoritate tua nobis opus est (cf. Grotef. § 175, a; Zumpt, § 464. 6) By necesse est (impers. uvdjKri Io-tj), to denote strict or extreme necessity. It is folloived either by an ace. and inf., or by a simple subj. ; e. g. the mortal body m. perish some time or other, corpus mor- tale aliquo tempore perire necesse est : vii tue m. ab- ominate and hate vice, virtus necesse est vitium asper- neturet oderit: man m. die, homini necesse est mori. Also by necesse est we can express our 'm. necessarily have ;' e. g. buy not what you want, but what you m. ne- cessarily have, emas non quod opus est, sed quod ne- cesse est. 7) By cogi, to denote necessity arising from the will of voluntary agents ; e. g. he found that he m. take away his own life (they forced him to do ii), coactus est ut vita ipse se privaret : the Campanians found that they m. rush out at the gates, coacti sunt Campani portis egredi. Also the active cogere may be used in expres- sions such as ' not as he would, but as he found that he m. by the will of the soldiers,' non ut voluit, sed ut mili- tum cogebat voluntas. (DggfT Avoid the use of cogi, with ref. to necessity arising from circumstances.) 8) By facere non possum, or simply non possum followed by quin, &c. ; or by fieri non potest followed by ut non, &c. ; or by non possum non followed by an in fin., in the sense of ' not to forbear or abstain from,' of internal necessity ; e. g. I m. cry out, non possum, quin excla- mem : / m. thank you, non possum, quin tibi gratias agam : you m. have known him, fieri non potest, ut eum non cognoris : / m. confess that my joy is crowned, %c, non possum non confiteri, cumulari me maximo gau- dio, quod, &c. 9) Sts there is no occasion for the adop- tion of any word or phrase distinctly corresponding to our 'must;' e. g. Catulus found that he m. yield to his obstinacy, ejus pertinaciae cessit Catulus (Np. Han. I, extr.). [f§SgT Observe, moreover, the following forms of expression in wch the Latin idiom differs from the English: a) You m. (as an emphatic demand), either by the simple imperative or by fac ut, &c. ; e. g. if you are not satisfied with this, you m. accuse your own injustice, haec si vobis non probabuntur, vestram in- iquitatem accusatote : you m. keep up good spirits and good hope, magnum fac animum habeas et bonam spem : you m. not (as an emphatic warning), fac, ne, &c. (cause that not, fyc.)— cave, ne, &c. (take care, that not, beware of, #c). — noli, with an infin. (be unwilling); e. g. you m. not wish, cave ne cupias : you m. not forget that you are Cicero, noli te oblivisci Ciceronem esse : you m. not wish for an impossibility, nolite id velle, quod fieri non potest, b) If it m. be so (in the future), si res ita feret. MUSTACHE, MUSTACHIO.s. (mystax, Gr.); Lat., barba labri superioris (see Plin. 6, 28, 32). To wear a m., barbam abradere praeterquam in labro superiore (conf. Cces. B. G. 5, 14). MUSTARD, sinapi (gen. and dat. sinapis; ace. and abl. sinapi ; the nom. sinape is rare) : puis e sinapi facta (m. prepared for use at table) : a m. plaster, sinapis- mus. MUSTER, s. || Review, lustratio; recensio; recen- sus ; recognitio. || Assembly, vid. MUSTER, v. See Assemble. MUSTINESS, mucor. MUSTY, mucidus. To be m., mucere (Cat.). MUTABILITY, MUTABLE, MUTATION. See Change abl f.ness, Changeable, Change. MUTE, adj. mutus. See Dumb. MUTE, s. excrementum, fhnum, fimus (avium). MUTE, v. fimum reddere or edere. MUTILATE, mutilare; demutilare ; truncare ; de- MUT truncare. Mutilated, mutilus ; mutilatus ; truncatas ; detruncatus ; truncus : mutilated images, truncata si- mulacra deorum (L.): a mutilated speech, oratio trunca : to be mutilated (of books or writings), multis partibus mancum et mutilum esse (Muret.). MUTILATION, || Act of mutilating, mutilatio. detruncatio. || State of being mutilated, immi- nutio corporis (C. Fin. 5, 17, 47); debilitas (C. Cels.). MUTINEER, conjuratus; homo seditiosus. MUTINOUS, seditiosus; turbulentus. MUTINOUSLY, seditiose; turbulente; turbulenter. MUTINY, s. factio; seditio ; motus ; consensionis globus (Np. Aft. 8, 4). To raise a m., seditiosa con- silia agitare ; seditionem concitare, or simply concitare. See Sedition. MUTINY, v. imperium auspiciumque abnuere (of soldiers refusing to obey) : the troops mutinied, seditio in castris orta est (Cces.) ; seditio facta est : to endea- vour to make the troops m., seditionem ac discordiam concitare (C). MUTTER, muttire {whence mussare and mussitare, i. e. to speak softly and gently, in broken words, not = to mutter ; see Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 3, 2, 25). — liiscere (to open the mouth in order to speak). See also Murmur. MUTTON, (caro) vervecina: roast m., assum verve- cinum. MUTUAL, mutuus ; e. g. amor mutuus ; or, with verbs, by mutao (mutually), or by inter se (one another). MUTUALLY, mutuo. |££§|F not vicissim, in vicem, &c. See Alternately. MUZZLE, s. || Mouth, os. || Fastening for the mouth, fiscella, capistrum (a halter or headstall ; used by V. for a m.). MUZZLE, v. fiscella capistrare (Plin.). MY, meus. (B$g^° Where the reference of the object to the person is natural and self-evident, and where there is no opposition to things ivch belong to others, the pos- sessive is untranslated in Latin ; e. g. I have seen my brother, fratrem vidi.) 1 am my own master, meus sum; mei juris sum : it is my duty, meum est : lying is not my habit, mentiri non est meum : dissimulation is not in my way, simulatio non est mea : she became mine, nupsit mini ; earn in matrimonium duxi : for my part, quod ad me attinet (as far as I am concerned) ; mea causa, meam ob causam, propter me (on my account, for my good). — meo nomine (with regard to my person, on account of my person; see Zumpt, § 679). — meis verbis (in my name; e. g. salute him ; where |g§I?" meo nomine would not be Latin). — per me licet, per me, non impedio, non repugnabo (I have no objection) : for my part you may do it, id mea, voluntate facere potes. MYRIAD, decern millia. MYRMIDON, satelles ; satelles et administer ; minister et adjutor. MYRRH, myrrha. M. tree, myrrlia: seasoned or mixed with m., myrrhatus : perfumed with m., myrrheus : made of or with m., myrrhinus. MYRTLE, myrtus, i or us, /. (also, a m. tree) : a m. grove, myrtetum: of m., myrteus (myrtinus, late); myrtaceus (Cels.) : like m., myrtuosus (Plin.): a m. leaf, folium myrtaceum (Cels.): of the colour of m. blossom, myrteolus (Col.) : a wreath of m., corona myrtea. MYSELF, ego ipse.— egomet. MYSTERIOUS, arcanus (gUT mysticus in this sense occurs only in poets and later writers). A m. thing, res arcana : a m. person, homo occultus ; homo tectus et occultus. MYSTERY, mysterium ; arcanum ; occultum ; res occulta, recondita; secretum : (pi.) mysteries, mys- teria, orum, n. (p.vo-Tripia, the celebrated Grecian m.'s ; Bggp" never Jig. for secrets, g. t.). — silenda, orum, n. (of a secret society, as the freemasons ; see L. 39, 10, 5). To initiate into m.'s, mysteriis initiare : to celebrate m.'s, mysteria facere : that is a m. to me (I do not understand it), haec non intelligo. MYSTIC, MYSTICAL, adj. mysticus (poet.). MYSTIC, s. *homo mysticus ; *homo studio mys- tico deditus ; *homo mystico sensu et studio imbutus. MYSTICALLY, mystice (Solin.). MYSTICISM, *sensus mysticus; *studium mysti- cum (Eichst.). MYSTIFICATION, fraus importuna or jocosa; ludificatio callida ; astute et dolose factum. MYSTIFY, qm fallere (g. t.). — ci imponere (to im- pose on Aim).— jocosa or ludicra fiaude decipere qm.— callide or jocose ludere or deludere qm. — joculariter imponere ci. MYTHIC, mythicus or, in pure Latin, fabularis (that belongs to fable or myth ; mythicus in Plin. 7, 53, 54 NAM 54; fabularis in Suet. Tib. 70).— fabulosus (belonging to myth or fable ; e. g. gods). A m. dress, *fabularum integumenta: the obscurity of the m. period, *fabulosi temporis caligo : the history of the m. period, historia fabularis (Suet. Tib. 70). MYTH, fabula. MYTHOLOGICAL, mythicus: ad fahulas de diis deabusque pertinens, spectans ; fabulosus. MYTHOLOGY, *mythologia (Gramm.) ; fabulas de diis deabusque ; also simply fabulae ; fabulae fktae ; (as a science) historia fabularis (Suet. Tib. 70). N NAB, see Catch. NACKER, concha margaritarum (Plin.); *mytilus margaritifera (Linn.). NADIR, *nadir (t. I.). NAG, equulus ; equuleus (C.) ; mannulus (Plin. Ep.). NAIL, s. || On the finger or toes, unguis. Long n.'s, ungues eminentes (U. A. A. 1, 519 ; et nihil emi- neant ungues, i. e. one ought not to have long n.'s): dirty n.'s, ungues sordidi (loc. cit., et sint sine sordibus ungues) : to pare the n.'s, ungues recidere or resecare or subsecare : to bile the n.'s, ungues rodere (H. Sat. I, 10, 71): to move not a n.'s breadth, qo loco non unguem latum excedere: t<> swerve not a n.'s breadth from athg, transversum unguem ab qa re non recedere. || A small spike or stud, clavus. A large n. for fastening beams, clavus trabalis : shoe n.'s, clavi cali- gares : to drive a n., clavum figere or defigere in qa re ; clavum adigere in qd : you have hit the right n. on the head, rem acu tetigisti (Plant. Rud. 5, 2, 19) : to be a n. in one's coffin, causam mortis esse. || A measure of length, *digiti duo cum quadrante. NAIL, v. clavis affigere qd: clavis firmare or mu- nire qd; to athg, ci rei or ad qd; clavis configere qd qa re (to fasten athg with nails). NAILER, *clavorum faber. NAIVE, simplex ; lepidus (with natural grace, or drollery). NAIVELY, sine arte; aperte. NAIVETE', simplicitas. — lepos (natural grace). NAKED, nudus (like yvp.vov, uncovered and unpro- tected). — apertus (without covering ; opp. to tectus: post- Aug. inopertus). — non tectus (post-Aug. intectus). Half-n., seminudus : a n. sword, ensis nudus. NAKEDNESS, crcl. by adj. under Naked ; for nu- ditas is found but once (Q. 10, 2, 23), and is a doubtful reading. NAME, s || Any appellation, nomen (prop, an audible mark of distinction ; hence a n. of a person or thing to distinguish from others of the same kind, a pro- per n., esply then, of a family or race). — vocabulum (so far as it serves to denote an object or relation of it; hence, in grammar; nomen appellativum). — cognomen (a family n. ; also = the later agnomen). N.'s of towns, oppidorum vocabula: a proper n., proprium vocabu- lum : if the thing have not its own n. and term, si res suum nomen et proprium vocabulum non habet (C. de Or. 3, 40, in.). — non idem oppidum et Roma, quum oppidum sit vocabulum (i. e. nomen appellativum), Roma nomen (i. e. nomen proprium) (Varr. L. L. 10, 2, § 20): to call athg by its n., qd nomine signare, notare, or vocare: to give a n. to a thing, ci rei no- men or vocabulum imponere ; ci rei nomen invenire : to give a n. to any one, ci nomen ponere or imponere, dare or indere : to give to a thing or person a name from a thing or place, denominare qm or qd a or ab, &c. : to give to a thing the n. of a deity, qd dei nomine nuncupare : to call a thing after aby's n., qd ab nomine cs appellare (followed by the n. in the ace. ; e. g. L. 1, 1, ° praetextu is not class.): bearing many n.'s, multa or complura nomina habens ({§§p~ multi nominis is not class.). || Reputa- tion, fame, fama (g. t.).— nomen (in respect of ce- lebrity). — existimatio (opinion wch others have of us, espiy good opinion): to have a great n., magnum nomen or magnam famam habere : to acquire a n., nomen consequi; famam colligere: to seek a n., famae servire : to make a n. for oneself by athg, per qd nomen assequi : a good n., bona fama; bona existimatio ; laus: to hurt one's good n., cs existimationem offendere or (more strongly) violare ; de cs fama detrahere : to have a good n., bene audire (opp. male audire). || Na- tion, people, nomen (see Herz. S. Cat. 52, 22, and Cces. B. G 2, 28; Bremi, Np. Hann. 7, 3).— gens ac nomen : to be an enemy of the Roman n. (i. e. of every thing wch is called Roman), nomini Romano inimicum or infestum esse. NAME, v. || To give a name to, nominare qd; nomen ci dare, indere, ponere, imponere (to impose, as- sign). — nomen in venire ci rei (to invent) — nomine or appellatione notare qd (to make known or designate) : to n. things aright, res suis certis ac propriis vocabulis nominare (to call them by the n.'s wch they already hare).— res notare propriis appellationibus (to give them suitable n.'s) : to n. a thing anew, res nominibus no- tare novis : every mishap wch we are accustomed to n. a ca lam it as, omnis casus, in quo nomen poni solet calamitas : to n. after a thing or a place, denominare a re or a loco ; after any one, ab cs nomine appellare : to be named after athg, a re (or ab qo) nomen, ex re cog- nomen or appellationem trahere ; ex re nomen capere, reperire, invenire ; a re denominatum esse or nomen habere : to be named after any one, ab qo nomen tenere (poet.): to be named, nominor (with n. in nom.). — nomen liabeo (with n. in gen.). — nomen mihi est (with n. in nom. or dat., rarely in the yenit.). — vocor, appellor (/ am named, with n. in nom.): to be named from athg, nomen a re habere, or duxisse, traxisse, or invenisse. || To call or mention by name, nomi- nare (to call a thing by its own n. ; also, to give it a name).— appellare (to addnss, to entitle; also, to mention a thing with the addition of a n.). — vocare, dicere (to call, vocare ; prop., to call to any one by n. ; then, like dicere, to n. an object according to ■what it is: |ggj| vocare usually with a subst. ; dicere with an adj.). — nomen ci dare or indere or imponere (to give a n. to) : to n. each thing by its own n., suo quani- que rem nomine appellare: / need not n. any one, neminem necesse est nominare: without naming an authority, sublato or dempto auctore : without naming, sine nomine : to n. a person or thing to and so, qni or 55 NAR qd vocare, appellare (with an ace. of the predicate).— qd dicere (with an ace. of the predicate) : to n. one thing or person after another, ex q§, re or ex qo nominare ad or qm : they n. me (i. e. I have the n.). mihi est nomen , (with a nom. or dat., or, more rarely, a gen. of the n. ; ' see Name). Named, nomine (with an abl., gen., or nom. of the n.) or ci est nomen (of persons, = by n., if the real n. of any one follow). — qui (quae, quod) dicitur or vocatur (with a nom. of the predicate).— quern \o- cant (with an ace. of the predicate ; of persons or things, if a single predicat" follow it, = so called; for wch IgglTita dictus would be bad Latin). \\To nominate, J ix, appoint, constituere. To n. a period or day, diem constituere, prasstituere (to agree upon in com- mon). — diem dicere, condicere, also simply condicere (to n. a term for deciding a suit at law) : to n. a place (e. g. for an interview), locum dicere, locum colloquio statuere. NAMELESS, Prop.) || Without a name, no- mine vacans (that has no name). — sine nomine or sine auctore (without a voucher, without mentioning an au- thor ; both usually with a participle from the context: (gag?" not anonymus). To be n., vacare nomine (to have no name). Fig.) || Unknown, ignobilis (ig- noble). — obscurus (of obscure origin); e. g. Lacedaemo- nius quidam, cujus ne nomen quidem proditum est. || Unspeakable, ingens, immensus (great, immense). — infinitus (infinite, endless). — incredibilis [incredible). NAMELY, || As a particle of explanation, for the filling up of a foregoing general idea. In this case it is usually not translated, but the word following stands in apposition ; e. g. if you would root out avarice, its parent must be rooted out, n-, luxury, avaritiam si tollere vultis, mater ejus est tol- lenda, luxuries (see Ramsh. § 95, 4). Sts it is expressed by is est or qui est : as, that most moving eloquence, n., the natural, *maxime ilia movens eloquentia, quae est naturalis, or naturalis ea est. For greater emphasis we may use dico or inquam (where the context allows the first person of the verb); e.g. the earlier orators, n., Crassus and Antonius, superiores oratores, Crassum dico et Antonium : for the rest, n., ourselves, eat birds, nam cetera turba, nos, inquam, coenamus aves (see Ramsh. § 95, 4). In subjoining a special idea as an explanation to a general one, we find et or que (affixed) ; e. g. at certain times, n., when duties or urgent circum- stances require it, it will often happen that, $c., tempo- ribus quibusdam, et aut officiis debitis aut rerum ne- cessitatibus, saepe eveniet, ut, &c. (C. de Fin. 1,10, 33). The disease, n., the plague, morbus pestilentiaque (L. 41, 21, 11 ; see Ramsh. § 188, 2; Drakenb. L. 6, 16, 8.). — [^^In this sense we rarety find scilicet and videlicet; never nempe or nimirum.] || For subjoining a whole proposition, which serves as an explanation or confirmation of the preceding, nam, enim, etemm(see For), quidem (in order to bring out more prominently a word going before, esply the pronouns). — nimirum (stronger than the foregoing = evidently, as is well known, %c). ^^ but we can never so use nempe, sci- licet, and videlicet. — nempe = ' surely, forsooth' is sarcastic or ironical ; see Zumpt § 278. NAMESAKE, eodem nomine (g. t., but esply of the same sur- or family name ; C. Verr. 4, 46, 103).— eodem cognomine, or (poet, and post- Aug.) cognominis, adj. (of the same family name or title). — cognominatus (synonymous; e. g. cognominata verba; C). NAP, s. somnus brevis. To take a short n., brevissi- mo uti somno (Sen. Ep. 83, 6); exiguum dormire (Plin.) ; leviter dormire (Sen. Ep.). : to take a n. after dinner, meridiari (^^° with later writers also, nieri- diare). — meridie conquiescere (to be accustomed to take a n. after dinner) : to take a short n. after dinner, post cibum meridianum paulium conquiescere (Suet. Oct. 78, in). NAP, v. facilem capere somnum. See the subst. NAPE, cervix. NAPKIN, mantele or mantile (a linen cloth, wch served sts as towel or table-cloth, as well as napkin ; for as the ancients had no forks, it was necessary to wipe the fingers during the meal, and afterwards to wash the hands : the mantele was furnished by the host). — mappa (the proper n. , shorter than the mantele ; this was brought by the guest: Attuierat mappam nemo, dum furta timentur ; Mantile e mens& surripit Hermog;;ucs ; Mart.) : a twisted n., obtorta mappa. NARCISSUS, narcissus [Plin.). NARCOTIC, somnifer (Plin.; 0.) ; somnificus [Plin.). NARD, nardus, i, /. (Plin.) or nardum, i, n. [Ig^T The ancients applied this name to several odo' NAR riferous plants of different kinds ; as, the Gallic or Celtic (Valeriana Celtica; Linn.); the Cretan (Valeriana Italica; Lam.); the Autbian (prob. Andropogon Schce- nanthus; Linn.); the Italian, our Lavender (Lavendula 'Spica; Linn.); and esply the Indian vard, nardus Indica, or spica nardi, from wch the precious nard-oil was prepared: this last is Valeriana Jatamansi, ac- cording to Jones, Asiatic Researches, vols. ii. and iv. See esply Ptin. 12, 12, 26]: of n., nan inus (Plin.) : n. oil, nardinum (Plin.) : n. unguent, unguentum nardi- num (Plin.); nardus {H.). NARRATE, narrare, referre, qd. To n. in order or at length, enarrare, denarrare, qd : to n minutely or circumstantially, pluribus verbis qd exponere ; (pluri- bus) persequi qd ; plura persequi de qa re. See Relate. NARRATION, NARRATIVE, narratio ; relatio (e. g. in chronicles, %c. post-Aug.); rei gestae expositio. To give a n., narrare ci qd or de qa re ; exponere, ex- plicare 'to give a full n.). — enarrare (to give a full and orderly n.).—also pluribus verbis exponere; rem or- dine enarrare ; cuncta, ut sunt acta, exponere ; enar- rare ci rem, quo pacto se habeat. NARRATOR, narrator; auctor; explicator rerum gestarum. NARROW, adj angustus (not wide; opp. latus). — ai tus (more correct than arctus, confined, limited ; opp. laxus).— contractus (contracted, more cognate with ang. than with art. ; hence Jn. contractus et angustus ; e. g. Nilus). — perangustus (eery n.). N. meaning of a word, *angustior vocis notio : to make n., angustum red- dere; angustare ; coattare; contrabere : to become n., in artius coire : the limits of the world are too n. for him, orbis terrarum eum non capit (aft. Curt. 7, 8, 12): a n. road, angu>tum iter: a n. entrance, artior intro- itus : a n. escape, mly expressed by vix, aegre : J had a very n. escape of being, nihil aegrius factum est, multo labore meo, quam ut &c. (C): or by propius nihil est factum, quam ut &c. (e. g. occideretur, C.) : or non multum or paullum (not parum) abfuit, quin: a n. mind, angustus animus (C ) : ?i. -minded, tenuis animi; angusti animi et parvi ; pusilli animi et contracti : he is n. -minded, ejus animus invidiae angustiis continetur. NARROW, v. coartare ; in angustum adducere ; contrahere or concludere (C). NARROWLY, || Contractedly, arte; anguste. || Closely, carefully, studiose; summo studio. To examine a thing n., intentis oculis qd intueri; intueri qd acri et attento animo ; qd studiose intueri (G\). NARROWNESS, angustum; angustiae, pi. NARWHAL, *monodon, *monoceros (Linn.). NASAL, quod ad nasum or nares pertinet ; or by the gen. o/nasus or nares. NASCENT, nascens (at its birth, opp. jam adultus, C. Brut. 7, 27).— qui (quae, quod) crescit, augetur, or incrementa capit. NASTINESS, NASTY, see Dirt, Dirty. NATAL, natalis; natalicius. NATION, gens (e6\ta- \ojia, as a science, Vitr. 9, 6, 2, or 9, 7, 6). || The festival of the Nativity, Christi natalitia. NATURAL, naturaiis (in almost all the senses of the English word; opp. artificiosus, and also opp. arcessitus or quaesitus; opp. fucatus ; and opp. adoptatus). — ab ipsa natura factus, effectus, or profectus (proceeding fm nature itself ; opp. artificiosus). — nativus (so consti- tuted by nature ; opp. artificiosus; opp. quaesitus). — naturaliter iunatus or insitus, innatus atque insitus (innate, of properties ; opp. arcessitus, quaesitus).— pro- prius et naturaiis (peculiar to nature); to any one, cs. — vivus (living, as if alive, e. g. calor; then = not made, 8rc. by art, e. g. water, opp. to spring water ; a hedge, opp. 'o maceries, a wall).— simplex, sincerus (simple, without addition; also = inartificial, upright, of persons ; opp. fucatus). — verus (true; opp. simu- latus, of speech,, 8(c). — Jn. sincerus atque verus (opp. fucatus et simulatus): a n. right, naturae jus qd (C. Legg. 1, 14, 40; different fm jus naturale, = n. right; i. e. the whole compass of all n. rights ; opp. jus chile ; see C. Sext. 42, 91): a n. impulse, naturaiis cupiditas or appetitus : n. understanding, naturae hahitus bonus (opp. doctrma, aft. C. Arch. 7, 15, but not natura sine docttina). — natura mentis (n. quality of the under- standing, Q. 10, 2, 5). — prudentia communis (common prudence, C. Fin. 4, 27, extr.): n. aptitude, facultas a natura prof'ecta : to have a n. inclination to athg, a natura proclivem esse ad qd : a thing is n. to any one, qd ci naturaliter innatum or ^jatura insitum est ; qd proprium et naturale cs est: it is n. to us, that #c, natura nobis hoc datum est, ut, &c. : a n. reason, cause, causa, ratio, naturaiis, or ab ipsa rerum natura profecta: whatever lakes place must have some n. cause, quidquid oritur causam habeat a natura necet.se est : a n. son, filius naturaiis (opp filius adoptatus). — filius non legitimus, filius pelh>e_orius, filius nothus (not born in lawful wedlock. HggT Filius naturaiis occurs in this sense first in the Pandects) : a n. father, pater naturaiis (opp. to pater adoptator). — pater non Justus or non legitimus (of a child not burn in lawful wedlock ; opp. pater Justus, legitimus): a n. death, mors natu- NAT s ralis (opp. arcessita or violenta) : n. religion, insita dei vel potius innata cognitio [see C. N. D. 1, 17, 44): to be a n. consequence of athg, ex ipsa rei natura sequi : this is a n. consequence, hoc aliter fieri non potest : it is n., necesse est (necessary). — par est (fitting, agreeable to order) : this is quite n., hoc non mirandum est ; hoc ex naturae legibus fit : to speak in a n. manner, loqui ut natura fert : to represent atlig in a n. manner, ad verum exprimere qd ; cs rei imaginem exprimere, quae veluti in rem praesentem perducere aadientes videatur (aft. Q. 4, 2, 123): quite n.! minime mirum id quidem ! a collector of n. specimens, *qui rerum naturaliura ex- empla undique conquirit : n. parts or talents, natura, naturae habitus (the n. constitution of a mind). — inge- nium (mental abilities, n. endowments). — Jn. natura atque ingenium ; indoles (n. parts or talents, in a moral point of view, and so far as they are capable of improve- ment). — naturne dotes or munera (gifts or endowments of nature). — naturae instrumenta, orum, n. (means fur- nished by nature; all the expressions opp. literae, disciplina) : good n. parts or talents, naturae bonitas ; naturale quoddam bonum ; ingenii bonitas, (more strongly) excellens ingenii bonitas ; natura admi- rabilis; natura eximia et illustris : to have or pos- sess (good) n. parts or talents, ingenio valere ; bona indole praeditum esse ; naturae muneribus ornatum esse, (more strongly) praestantissimo ingenio praeditum esse ; excellentis ingenii magnitudine ornatum esse : to have a n. talent for athg, cs rei gerendae a natura ad- jumenta habere : a n. appearance, quod in rerum natura fit; ostentum ; prod.gium; portentum : a n. fault or defect, vitium naturae or a natura profectum ; damnum naturae (as L. 7, 4, damnum naturae alere et fovere, to cherish a n. defect) : n. history, historia natu- raiis or naturae (with the ancients of wider signification than with us) : a n. philosopher, physicus (.) ; a n.-case, theca acubus servandis: n.-maker, acurarius {Inscr.). NEEDLE-FULL, acia {Cels.). NEEDLEWOMAN, puella or mulier quae acu vic- tum quaeritat {see Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 48); *femina acu opus faciens. NEEDLEWORK, || The art, ars acu pingendi. || Work executed with the needle, opus acu pictum or factum. A piece of n. {as a picture), pictura acu facta {aft. C. Verr. 4, 1, 1) : to do apiece of n., acu pingere. See also Embroidery. NEEDLESS, quod non opus est ; supervacaneus {superfluous). It is n., non opus est ; nihil necesse est ; nihil attinet : to take n. trouble, acta agere : it will not be n., non alienum, or abs re, fuerit. NEEDLESSLY, sine causa; praeter rem or necessi- tatem {aft. C). NEEDLESSNESS, nulla necessitas. NEEDS, adv. necessarie very seld. ; mly necessario; ex necessitate {fm necessity). Mly by necesse est. See Necessarily. NEEDY, egens, indigens (C); egenus (L.); inops {opp. copiosus, opulentus) ; tenuis (opp. copiosus, dives, locuples) ; calamitosus (opp. felix, beatus). To succour the n., opus ferre indigentibus (C): to give to the n., indigentibus impertiri de re familiari (C). NEFARIOUS, nefarius, improbus, scelestus. See Wicked. NEGATION, negatio (a/50 — negative word).— infi- tiatio; recusatio (refusal). NEGATIVE, adj. negans. — privans (depriving, pri- vative ; of parts of speech. — |$jg|>" negativus, priva- tivus only in the later grannnarians). A n., voca- bulum negans : a n. particle, particula negans ; a n. answer (to a question), infitiatio; (to a request) re- cusatio: to give a n. answer (to a question), infitiari; r.egare ita esse; (to a request) recusare : to have re- ceived a n. answer (to a request), repulsam ferre (C); also with negare ; e. g. he gave me a n. a7iswer, negavit se hoc facturum (aft. C.) : to meet a charge with a n., causam infitiatione defendere (C): a n. proposition, enunciatum (scntcntia or enunciatio) negans. NEG NEGATIVELY, infitiando, negando (C). NEGLECT, v. negligere qd (not to trouble oneself about a thing, out of thouyhtlessness or carelessness). — deesse ci rei (not to show proper attention to a person or thing, to fail in one 's duty).— deserere qd (to desert or abandon f/n want of favour or good-will). — derelinquere qm or qd (to give up or abandon entirely.— intermittere qd is == to leave off for a lime). To n. the fire, ignem negligentius habere (Paul. Dig.): to n. one's person, se negligere (opp. se colere) : to neglect it utterly, corpore esse inculto atque horrido (C): to n. one's duty, $c, deesse officio, dignitati, muneri : to n. one's affairs, rem familiarem negligere. NEGLECT, s. neglectio (the act of neglecting).— in- diligentia (habit of neglecting). — neglectus (state of a thing neglected).— [|@£jr But it must frequently be ren- dered by the verbs , e. g. to the n. of all other things, rebus omnibus posthabitis, or postpositis, or relictis : to the n. of all other business, omnibus negotiis omis- sis : to the n. of friendship, neglecta amicitia.] NEGLECTFUL, see Negligent. NEGLIGENCE, negligentia (want of attention and observation).— indiligentia (want of accuracy). — incuria (want of proper care), cs rei. [$gg° More frequently by the verbs.] See also Carelessness. NEGLIGENT, negligens (remiss; opp. diligens; of persons: $a£f post-Class, of things) ; in athg, cs rei, qa re or in qa re (|g^° post-Class, de qa re or circa qd). — dissolutus (loose, dissolute; of persons). Jn. negligens ac dissolutus; dissolutus et negligens in qa re. — in- diligens (not sufficiently exact, inattentive, heedless; of persons).— neglectus, negligenter factus (or with any other ptcpl wch the context furnishes ; negligently done, of thi?igs).— varum accuratus (on wch sufficient care or accuracy has not been bestowed; of things). — [\$&jTNot incuriosus (or the adv. incuriose) in Class, prose.] N. in one's calling, qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus (of a slave; Plant. Pseud. 4, 7, 2): n. in one's domestic affairs, negligens, dissolutus, or dissolutus ac negligens in re familiari (from the context also simj)ly negligens et dissolutus) : a n. exterior (in dress, fyc), cultus corporis parum accuratus (aft. Cell. 1, 5) : hair negligently dressed, capillus negligenter circum caput rejectus. NEGLIGENTLY, negligenter; indiligenter ; disso- lute; incuriosius (T.). NEGOTIATE, agere de qa re (to treat with aby on any subject, e. g. de conditionibus pacis). — postulare conditiones cs rei (to demand the terms on wch it will be granted). — pacisci qd (to conclude a compact about athg; e. g. pacem, to n. a peace). — conciliare qd (to bring athg about, by smoothing down difficulties, fyc. ; e. g. nuptias) : to n. athg with aby, agere cum qo de qa re (g. t.). — coiloqui cum qo de qa re (by verbal confer- ence). — coiloqui per internuncios cum qo et de qa re mentionem facere (by envoys, fyc, s. Np. Ale. 5, 3). — They set about negotiating the terms of a peace, collo- quium fuit inter ipsos de pacis legibus. See also Ne- gotiation. NEGOTIATION, actio, de qa re; colloquium (con- ference). Often by Crcl. with the verb. To enter into a n. respecting athg, postulare conditiones de qa re: to carry on a n., conditiones ferre et audire ; condi- tiones agitare, tractare, agere cum qo : to break off a n. for peace, infecta pace dimittere legatos ; dimittere pacis internuncios ; conditiones de pace ineunda propositas dirimere, abrumpere : during these n.'s, dum haec aguntur (L.): to settle by n., conditionibus disceptare qd ; per colloquium qd componere. NEGOTIATOR, qui de qa re agit (g. t.).— inter- nuncius (one who carries messages between two parties). — interpres (a mediator, who transacts with another person in the name and by the authority of a third party, with a view to settle*differences, fyc. ; post- Aug.). — intercessor (one who interposes in order to hinder or accomplish athg). — conciliator cs rei (one who brings about an union; e.g. nuptiarum). — pactor cs rei (one who concludes a bargain). NEGRO, ^thiops, Afer; /. femina ^Ethiops, Afra; TEthiops servus, or serva, /. (as a slave). NEIGH, v. hinnire; hinnitum edere (Just.). To n, after or at, adhinnire ci rei (Plin.), ad qd (C), NEIGHING, NEIGH, s. hinnitus, us. NEIGHBOUR, || One who lives or is near us, vicinus (g. t., but esply in respect of house or premises). — qui accolit propinquus aedibus nostris (near one's house). — accSla, finitimus, connnis (separated merely by a boundary : $g^T avoid congruus as unclassical, and affinis as extremely rare). — propinquus, proximus (one who stands, sits, 8fc. t next).— consessor (at table, fyc). NER A good n., bonus vicinus (poet.) : the next re., proximus vicinus: the n.'s, vicini; vicinitas; finitimi, &c. Jn. vicini et finitimi (vicini in respect of place, finitimi in respect of boundary) : to be a n., vicinum esse ; in pro- pinquo habitare. \\ Another person, any one besides ourselves, alter (\$gj§Tnot alius inthesing.); pi. alii ; homines ; also homo, collective (not proximus in this sense). That does nothing for the sake of his n., qui nihil alterius causa facit: all prefer their own welfare to that of their n.'s, omnes sibi melius esse malunt quam alteri : the love of one's re., humanitas. NEIGHBOURHOOD, || Vicinity, vicinia; vicini- tas (relation of the neighbours to each other): in the re., in vicinia; prope; in propinquo: in this «., hie viciniae: in this immediate re., hie proximae viciniae : into this re., hue viciniae. [J^ggr all three in the comic writers; but not to be rejected.]— from the re., ex pro- pinquo; ex or de proximo. || The neighbours together, vicinitas; vicini. NEIGHBOURING, || Of persons, vicinus (with ref. to house and premises) : finitimus (on the confines). — connnis (reciprocally of those who are on the confines of each other). \\ Of places, propinquus; adjacens (L.) ; conterminus (rather poet. ; T.) ; contiguus (O.). NEIGHBOURLY, adj. *v\c'mis conveniens or dignus. NEIGHBOURLY, adv. more vicinorum ; *ut decet vicinos ; ut convenit vicinis. NEITHER, conj. nee; neque: neither — nor, nee — nee ; neque— neque. NEITHER, pron., neuter. N. party, or 'neither' with ref. to two parties, neutri, pi. : to re. side, re. way, in neutram partem (e. g. moveri).— neutro (aft. verb of motion, e. g. inclinari). — f§§p° ' The other,' aft. 'neither,' is alter (though neuter mightsts be expected; Krebs says that he knows no instance of it) ; e. g. debemus neutrum eorum contra alterum juvare (Cccs. B. C. 1, 35: ut neutra lingua alteri olliciat, Q. 1, 1, 14; so L. 21, 46, 4): to n.side, neutro: to be on re. side, medium se gerere (L.) ; in neutris partibus esse ; neutram partem sequi (Suet.); non alterius utrius partis esse (C. Att. 10, 1, 12); se medium partibus praestare (Veil.); neutri parti se adjungere (L. 35, 48). See 'to be Neutral.' NEOLOGIST, *nova dogmata in rebus divinis sequens, amplectens; "qui majorum dogmata deserit ; or as t. t. *neol5gus. NEOLOGY, *neologia (t. t.); or *nova dogmata in rebus divinis sequendi studium, cupiditas. NEOPHYTE, neophytus (Tertull.). N EP ENT H E, lenimen turn ( Plin. ): nepenthes ( Plin. ; a plant with exhilarating properties). NEPHEW, || Brother's son, fratris filius (C); nepos ex fratre (T.). || Sis te r's son, sororis filius (C); nepos ex sorore (T.). |§§ir Nepos by itself de- notes prep. ' a grandson.' NEPHRITE, *lapis nephriticus. NEPHRITIC, adj. renalis; or by the gen. renum, pi. N. pain, renum dolor (Scrib. Larg. ; e. g. renum do- lore vexari): re. colic, passio renalis (Coel. Aur.): re. stone, calculus renum. NE PLUS ULTRA, summum; perfbetissimum ; quo magis, melius, perfectius esse, fieri, fingi, nihil potest (aft. C); or by Crcl., e. g. nihil illo est excel- lentius in virtute (Np.); mulier est omnibus simulacrs emendatior (Petron. 126, 13). NEPOTISM, *nepotismus(£. t.); *studium cognatos fovendi et augendi or ad honores extollendi. NERITE, 'nettta. (Linn.). NERVE, nervus (prop, and fig.). Full of re., ner- vosus. NERVOUS, || Of or belonging to the nerves, nervosus. N. system, nervi (the nerves, asCels. 1, praf. p. 23, Bip., validi nervi an infirmi ; i. e. a strong or weak n. system): a re. disease, nervorum morbus (not mor- bus nerveus): n. fever, febris nervosa. || Strong in nerve, nervosus (prop. ; then fig. = strong, powerful; of style, of an orator, fyc. [@§|r Only in very late Latin for powerful or vigorous in body). — l*certosus, robus- tus, validus (muscular, robust, strong in body; of men and animals). — quibusdam nervis intents* (fig., strong, vigorous ; of style, fyc. ).— vibrans (fig., of style, of ideas). In a re. manner, nervose (e.g. dicere). || Weak in the nerves, seger nervis (T. Ann. 15, 45, 3). — nervis infirmis (aft. Cels. 1, prcef. p. 23, Bip.).—* nervis in- firmis or resolutis laborans. A re. state of body, ner- vorum valetudo (Suet. Vesp. 7); nervi infirmi (Cels. 1, preef. p. 23, Bip. ; opp. nervi validi): a n. frame, corpus propter nervorum valetudinem collapsum (aft. Suet. Vesp. 7, and V. Georg. 3, 485). NES NERVOUSNESS, nervorum resolutio (Cels.); ner- vorum remissio (Scrib. Larg. 101); nervorum valetudo (Suet. Vesp. 7, propter nervorum valetudinem ; i. e. from nervousness). NEST, nidus (prop.; also facetiously for a human habitation ; poetically for the young birds in a n., but no where for the eggs). — gurgustium (contemptuously for a poor, mean dwelling). To build a re., nidum facere, fingere, or confingere, fingere et construere; nidum texere ; nidificare. — nidulari (post-Aug.); upon the ground, nidum ponere in terra ; nidum po- nere (fl". Od. 4, 12, 5); under a roof, nidum suspen- dere tecto (V. Georg. 4, 307): to rob a n., implumes aves detrahere nido (V. Georg. 4, 513); ova incubanti avi subducere : to keep the n., nidum servare (H. Ep. 1, 10, 6; also facetiously = to keep the house). NESTLE, nidum ponere (to build a nest any where, e. g. in terra). — nidulari (Gell.). To n. in aby's bosom, Ian, 8?c, recubare in sinu cs (L.) ; in gremio cs sedere (C): an infant nestling in his mother's bosom, puer lactens matris in gremio sedens (aft. C. who has For- tunes and adds mammam appetens). NET, s. rete or (of a less size) reticulum (g. t.). To make a n., rete or reticulum texere. Esply a) for the hair, reticulum; b) for catching fishes, rete (g. t.); funda, jaculum (a cast-n.) — verriculum, everriculum (a drag-n.). To throw or cast a n., rete jacere: to draw out a n., rete educere (foras). c) For catching birds and other animals, rete (g. t.); plaga (for larger animals, as boars, deer, such as were used, in hunting ; for this pur- pose several n.'s were necessary ; hence usually the pi. &SF cass i s * s poet.). To set or place n.'s, retia or plagas pandere or tendere: to surround with n.'s, plagis sepire qd; plagas or retia praetendere ci rei (^^° pla- gis ambire qd is poet.): to lay a n. for any one (fig.), plagas ci texere or intendere : they lay n.'s for me, hunt mihi insidiae : to drive into n.'s (or into a n.), in plagas compellere (prop.); in plagas conjicere (also fig.): to fall into a n., in plagas cadere or incidere (prop, and fig.); in insidias incidere (fig.): to entangle oneself in a n., se impedire in plagas (prop, and fig.), d) A netlike membrane in or on the animal body, sep- tum, quod membrana quadam superiores partes prae- cordiorum ab inferioribus diducit ; also prps membrana praecordiorum (the diaphragm, bidcpoaiixa; see Cels. 1, prcef. p. 21, Bip., and Plin. 11, 37, 77, who calls it praecordia, prps by mistake). — peritonaeum (nepnovaiov, explained, Veget. 2, 15, 3, by membrana, quae intestina omnia continet). — omentum (the omentum, kniirXoov). — *retina (of the eye ; t. t.). NETWORK, reticulum. NET, v. || To make net-work, texere; nectere. NET, v. || To make clear gain. See Clear, v. NETHER, inferior. NETHERMOST, infimus ; imus. NETTLE, s. urtica; *urtica urens (Linn.; stinging- n.). Blind or dead n., urtica foliis non mordentibus ( Plin.) ; urtica morsu carens (vocatur lamium; Plin.) ; *lamium (Linn.): n.-rash, *febris urticata ; *purpura urticata; *urticatio (med.). NETTLE, v. see Chagrin. NEUTER, NEUTRAL, medius, neutrius partis; Jn. medius et neutrius partis ; qui est in neutris partibus; non in alterius ullius partem inclinatus (g. t.). — otiosus (that remains quiet). To be n., medium esse; in neutris partibus esse; neutram partem sequi ; non alterius ullius partis esse: to be perfectly n., nullius partis esse: to remain n., mediis consiliis stare, medium se gerere, neutri parti se adjungere (g. t.); toto bello abesse et neutris auxilia mittere (with ref. to belligerents): to desire to be or re- main n., medium esse velle: to suffer no one to be or remain re., media tollere : it is impossible to remain re. any longer, medios esse jam non licebit. NEUTRALITY, neutrius partis, or neutrarum par- tium studium ; fm the context also quies or otium. By his re. he neither escaped the hatred of the people nor acquired the favour of the senate, medium se gerendo nee plebis vitavit odium, nee apud patres gratiam iniit : to observe re., see To be or remain Neutral : to observe an armed n., *cum armis quiescere : to allow no re., media tollere ; to any one, medium qm esse non sinere. —to force a country to observe n., facere, ut regio sit media or sit neutrius partis. NEUTRALIZE, tollere or funditus tollere (quite to remove it) : one motion n.'s the other, alter motus alteri renititur : propositions that re. each other, pugnantia (in philosophy). NEVER, numquam; non umquam ; nullo tempore. N. before, numquam antea; numquam ante hoc tem- 61 NIB pus: and re., nee umquam (i§|p"et numquam is not Latin) : re. more, numquam post. NEVERTHELESS, nihil o minus (C); nihilo secius (Cces., Np. |g§jf° not in C); nihilo segnius (with equal zeal or activity). NEW, novus (that did not exist before; opp. vetus. In a wider sense also = unusual, unheard of; hence Jn. novus et inauditus ; and also = inexperienced. IggfT C. rarely used the superl. of novus ; as in C. pro Rose. Com. 11, 30). — recens (lately come into existence, lately risen, fresh, young; opp. antiquus; also Jn. recens ac novus or novus ac recens). Still re. to any one, insolitus (e.g. domicilium): a re. law, lex nova (the like of wch does not exist) ; lex recens (lately made). Jn. lex recens ac novus (C. Place. 6): an. gar- ment, vestis recens (not yet worn out). — vestis nova (aft. a n. fashion) : re. soldiers, milites novi (lately be- come such) ; tirones (still untrained) : the re. moon, luna nova : re. words, vocabula nova (newly-formed) ; vo- cabula recentia (that have lately come into use) : to coin re. words, verba novare : a re. nobility, nova nobilitas : the n. philosophers, philosophi recentiores : is there athg re. ? num quidnam novi ? — what is there re., pray ? quid tandem novi? — nothing re. has arisen, nihil novi accessit : / have nothing n. to tell you, novi, quod ad te scriberem, nihil erat : to make athg re., qd novare (to make for the first time ; e. g. verba).— qd renovare, or renovare et instaurare (to renew what formerly existed): to have re. clothes on, nove vestitum esse (aft. a re. fashion). — veste recenti indutum esse(£o have on a gar- ment wch is still re., not tuorn out): a n year, annus incipiens or iniens (the beginning): annus proximus (the next year) : a re. year's gift, strena : re. year's day, primus incipientis anni dies : the re. Academy, adoles- centior Academia (the philos. school so called). NEWLY, nove (in a new manner). — nuper (in late times). — recens (|^^° recens as an adv. is not Class ; but Crcl. by the adj., either alone or followed by a with an abl. of the subst. ; e. g. a defeat re. sustained, recens calamitas [not recens accepta calamitas], as Cces. B. G. 5, 47, recens victoria). N. born, recens a natu (not recens natus). NEWS, nuncius (tidings). — fama (report). Bad re., nuncius tristis, acerbus : to receive bad re., malum nun- cium audire ; tristis nuncius venit : good re., optatus nuncius: to bring good re., exoptatum nuncium afferre (C); exoptabilem nuncium nunciare(Ptare£.) : to bring re., nuncium ferre (L.), afferre, perferre (C), apportare (Ter.); (of athg) nunciare ci qd; perferre qd ad qm (C.) ; certiorem facere, docere, edocere qm de qa re (Cces.) : to receive re., qd cognoscere, comperire, dis- cere : is there any re. ? num quid novi? I have no re. to tell you. See in New. NEWSMONGER, *nova quaeque captans, venans. NEWSPAPER, acta publica (pi.), or simply acta (pi. ; whether daily or otherwise). — acta diurna (pi. ; daily): daily n.'s, *diurna, quae res novas per orbem terrarum gestas narrant. To be in the re., in actis vulgatum esse (Q.) : to insert in the re., (diurnis) actis mandare (T): a n.-ofiice, *aedes ubi eduntur et dimit- tuntur diurna : a writer in a re., *diurnorum scriptor : an article in a re., *locus actorum diurnorum. NEWT, lacerta, ae, /. or lacertus, i, m. NEXT, adj || In place, proxime (foil, by an ace, adat., or an abl. with a); secundum (with an ace); e.g. proxime Carthaginem ; proxime hostium castris ; proxime a vallo; accipere vulnus in capite secundum aurem. || In order or time, proxime, secundum, or proxime et secundum {with an ace). This may also be expressed by the adj. ; e. g. duobus summis oratori- bus proximus accedebat L. Philippus ; secundus a rege. || In resemblance, proxime (with an ace ). NEXT, prep, and adv. || In situation, juxta (near to, hard by).— proxime (followed by an ace, adat., or by a (ab) with an abl. ; quite near to). — secundum (towards, up to, with verbs of motion, or of making, placing, 8fc. ; not very rare, and found in the best au- thors). || In order, secundum; proxime et secundum (I0*!ir juxta occurs first inL., and post only inCels., in this sense). — si discesseris a or ab ; quum discessi, dis- cesserim, a or ab (apart from) ; e g. praeter auctoritatem vires quoque babet ad, &c. : believe me, that, n. to you, there is no one whose fyc, te existimare velim, quum a vobis discesserim, neminem esse, cujus &c. || Of time, in expressions such as 'next coming,' proximus; qui proxime futurus est. NIB, s. || The bill of a bird, rostrum. || The point of a pen, acumen (styli, C). NIB, v. acuere. NIBBLE, rodere. To re. at, derodere (C.) ; arioder* NIC [Plaut., Plin., once in C): to n. round, eircumrodere {Plin.); to n. at the. bait, hamum mordere. NICE, || Delicate, fastidiosus ; fastidii plenus. || Exact, accuratus; exquisitus; subtllis. || Dan- gerous, periculosus. ft Sweet, dulcis. NICELY, exquisite; accurate. NICENESS, see Nicety. NICETY, || Accuracy, cura, accuratio {the latter C. Brut. 67, 238, mira ace. in componendis rebus). — Jn. cura et diligentia. — subtilitas (acuteness, subtilty ; e. g. with mathematical n., geometrica subtilitate docere qd). — sts diligentia (close application and attention). With the greatest n., accuratissime, exactissime, or sts dili- gentissime : n. of style, loquendi elegantia ; urbanitas (opp. rustica asperitas) : n.'s of words, argutiae ; spinse ; dumeta (hair-splitting distinctions, esply in philosophy). Prov. I shall not stand upon n.'s, per me sint omnia protinus alba (Pers.). || Niceties, = delicacies, 8fc , cuppedia (pi.) or cuppediae ; cibi delicatiores ; res ad epulandum exquisitissimae ; bonae res (Np. Ages. 8, 5) ; gulae irritamenta. NICK, s. || Notch, incisura (crena, Plin., is doubt- ful). || Exact point (of time), tempus; vestigium temporis ; or simply vestigium when the context fixes the sense. In the very n. of time, in tempore ; com- mode; commodum; opportune; peropportune ; in ipso temporis articulo (at the most critical and decisive moment). NICK, v. || To hit, rem acu tangere (Plant.), attin- gere; conjectura consequi. \\ To notch, incidere. || To deceive, cheat, ci imponere ; fraudem or fal- laciam ci facere ; dolum ci nectere or confingere ; qm circumducere (Com.). NICKEL, prps. orichalcum fm the context; or Nickel (t. t.). NICKNAME, s. nomen joculare (Auson.); *nomen per ludibrium ci datum. To give aby a n.-n., nomen joculare ci dare : to call aby by Ihe n.-n. of, *qm jocu- lariter nominare (with ace. of the n.-n.). NICKNAME, v. *nomen per ludibrium ci dare. NIECE, fratris, or sororis, filia. NIGGARD, NIGGARDLY, parcus; tenax ; malig- nus. NIGGARDLINESS, parsimonia (in athg, cs rei). — tenacitas (close-fistedness, *L. 34, 7, 4). — malignitas (that ivithholds from others the full measure of what is due to them). NIGH, see Near. NIGHT, nox (v. pr.); tenebrae (darkness; also fig. of the mind). A dark n., nox obscura, nox caliginosa, nox obducta or caeca : a long, short n., nox longa, con- tractor : the shortest «., nox solstitialis (opp. nox bru- malis) : a space of two, three n.'s, binoctium, trinoc- tium: by n., in the n., nocte; noctu; nocturno tem- pore: towards the approach of n., sub noctem; prima, nocte; primo vespere; nocte appetente; primis se in- tendentibus tenebris : in the middle of the n., media nocte: late at n., concubia. nocte: still in the n., && nocte : still in the middle of the n., de media nocte : while it is yet still n., de multa nocte (all three with verbs of motion; e. g. proficisci) : until late at n., ad multam noctem (@^r in serum noctis is post-Class.): n. is coming on, nox appetit ; tenebras oboriuntur : n. is close at hand, nox ingruit or imminet : n. overtakes one, nox opprimit qm; nox ci supervenit: to stay up the whole n., noctem pervigilare; (for the purpose of labour or study) lucubrare: to have a good n., bene quiescere: to have a bad n., noctem insomnem agere : good n.! prps molliter cubes! (aft. O. Her. 7, 62) or salve! salvere te jubeo ! vale! valere te jubeo! (the usual salutation at meeting and parting) : to wish good n. to any one, qm salvere or valere jubeo. NIGHTCAP, *galerus cubic u 1 aris ; or *quem dor- mientes gerere consuevimus. NIGHTGOWN, *vesti* nocturna or cubicularis. NIGHTINGALE, luscinia (rarely luscinius) ; Philo- mela (poet.). NIGHTMAN, latrinarum purgator (J. Firm.). NIGHTMARE, inctibo (Petr.).— ephiattes (Macrob .). suppressio nocturna (Plin.). To have the n.-m., noc- turna suppressione vexari (Plin.) ; ab incubone deludi (Scrib. Larq.). NIGHTSHADE, solanum (Plin. Cels. Linn.). NIGHTSTOOL, lasanum ; sella pertusa or fami'.iaris, or simply sella. NIMBLE, agilis; pernix. NIMBLENESS, pernicitas (bodily strength and agility).— agilitas (quickness and dexterity). NIMBLY, agiliter, perniciter (both post- Aug.). Or by the adjectives. 62 NO NINE, novem ; noveni (distrib.). N. times, novfrs : n. o'clock, hora nona : it has struck n., *nona hora audita est, praeteriit : n. hundred, nongenti ; nongeni (distrib.): n. hundred times, noningenties : the n. hun- dredth, noningentesimus : n. million, nonagies centum millia. NINEFOLD, novies sumptus ; novemplex (not Class.). NINETEEN, decern et novem (!§S|F not novem et decern). — undeviginti (more rare; H^ novemdecim is without authority, see Zumpt, § 115). — (distrib.) un- deviceni. N. hundred, mille et nongenti: n. thousand, undeviginti millia : n. hundred thousand, undevicies centum millia : n. hundred times, millies et nongenties : n. thousand times, undevicies millies. NINETEENTH, decimus nonus; undevicesimus. NINETIETH, nonagesimus. NINETY, nonaginta; nonageni (distrib.). N. times, nonagies. NINNY (NINNYHAMMER, NINCOMPOOP), colloquial, for ' a simpleton,' bardus ; ineptus ; stolidus ; non compos (mentis), whence by contr. Nincompoop. NINTH, nonus. NINTHLY, nono. NIP, vellicare (Q.); comprimere digitis qd. To n. with cold, urere : to n. athg in the bud, fig., primo tem- pore opprimere et exstinguere qd (C). NIPPERS, pi. forceps. NIPPLE, papilla (Plin.). N.-wort, *lapsana (Linn.). NIT, lens. gen. lendis, /. (Plin.) NITRE, nitrum (*sal petrae, t. t.). Spirits of «., ♦spiritus nitri. NITROUS, nitrosus ; nitro similis (like nitre). NO, adv. non ; minime vero, minime . . . quidem (no, not at all). — imo, imo vero, imo enim vero, imo potius (when one answers by the contrary ; no! on the contrary). — |j$g|r The verb from the preceding question is usually repeated with non ; as, is your brother within? estne frater intus? no! non! or belter, non est: are you not angry ? non irata es ? no ! non sum irata : do you not believe these things? an tu hsec non credis? no, no ! not at all, minime vero ! or, are you of opinion that it is not necessary for a good state to give suitable laws ? an censes non necesse esse optima? reipublicae leges dare consentaneas 1 no ! I am quite of that opinion, imo prorsus ita censeo : are you then deceiving him ? siccine huncdecipis? no! on ihe contrary^he is cheating me, imo enim vero hie me decipit. |@^° For the English ' no, it is not so,' we must not repeat non, and say non, non ita est, we must say only non ita est). To answer yes or no, aut etiam aut non respondere : the one says yes, the other no, hie ait, ille negat : to say no to athg, ne- gare qd (to deny or negative) ; aonuere; denegare ; ne- gare se qd facturum esse (to refuse). NO, NONE, NO ONE, adj. and s. nullus, nemo dSHTnullus, subst. and adj., of persons or things; nemo usually subst, rarely as an adj., only of persons. |g^p° When a gen. is required, use nullius for neminis, wch does not occur in the best prose, and the abl. nemine occurs only in early and post-Class. Latin; e. g. T. Ann. 16, 27 ; Hist. 2, 47 : for this we find nullo, see Zumpt, § 676 ; Wb. § 226, A. 1 ; Stiirenb. ad C. Arch. 6, p. 96 ; ad Off. Comment, ii. ; Kuhner ad Cic. Tusc. .5, 22, 63). — nemo homo (only in C). — non ullus, non quisquam (none whatever, the former subst., the latter adj.). — no Roman, nemo Romanus (C); no writer, nemo scriptor or nullus scriptor (C. — gggT Stiiren- burg, adC. Off., refers nemo to quality, and nullus to quantity; so that nemo scriptor = nemo scriptor qua- liscunque est ; nullus scriptor = nullus scripttr, quot- quot sunt). When nullus and nemo are used as parti- tives, i. e. when ' no ' is opposed to the other parts or to the whole, they frequently take a gen. ; e. g. no mortal, nemo mortalium : no animal is wiser, nulla belluarum prudentior est; but for the gen. we may sts use a Crcl. with de, ex ; e. g. none of ours fell, nemo de nostris ce- cidit. Nihil is often apparently used for nullus and nemo (with a gen. when for nullus); but there is this difference, that nihil gives emphasis to the negative sense; e. g. none is more unfortunate than I, none more fortu- nate than Catulus, nihil me infortunatius, nihil fortu- natius est Catulo : to demand no reward (at all), nihil praemii expetere : to have no doubt (at all), nihil dubi- tationis habere. We frequently use ' no ' when a par- ticular, not a general, idea is to be negatived. In this case, wch occurs esply when ' no ' belongs to a word sig- nifying property, or to the determination of the predicate of a stibsl , instead of nullus the Latin uses the simple negative non ; e. g. I know that I bring no very pleasant intelligence, scio non jucundissimum nuntium me NOB vobis allaturum : no snow falls on (he open sea, nives in alto non cadunt : they had no honey, mel non habebant. In like manner 'no' is expressed in Latin by non when the English object with its verb is denoted in Latin by one verbal expression ; e. g. to have no fear, non timere : to have no hesitation, non dubitare: to entertain no hatred towards any one, non odisse qm, &c. And no, a'so no, et nullus, nee ullus {adj.); nee quisquam (subst.): no single one, nemo quisquam; nemo unus : no single person, homo nemo ; nemo unus : in no place, nusquam nullo loco (ggp° nullibi is not Ciceronian, but is used only by Vitr. ; nuspiam is not Latin) : at no time, numquam ; nullo tempore : and at no time, nee umquam : in no respect, nihil (see Zumpt, § 677): by no means, nullo modo, nulla ratione (in no manner) ; neutiquam, nequaquam, haudquaquam, baud (with adjectives) ; minime {not at all) ; minime, minime gentium, minime vero, minime quidem {not at all, on no account ; in contradictions and answers). — nihil minus {nothing less ; as a negative reply). [g^T Nul- latenus is very late.] NOBILITY, || Noble birth, rank, fyc, generosa stirps \n. of birth); nobilitas, genus nobile {descent from ancestors who bore offices of state, whether patri- cian or plebeian by birth).— nobilitas equestris, na- talium splendor equester {of the order of knights; see Gierig. Plin. Ep. 10, 3, 5): old n., generis antiquitas, vetus nobilitas, avita nobilitas : new n., nobilitas nova, novitas : one of the new n., homo novus or a se ortus : a man of high n., antiquo genere natus, veteris prosa- piae et multarum imaginum {Sail. Jug. 85, 10); san- guine avito nobilis {Prop. 2, 22, 23) : to be of the n., nobili loco natum esse : to be of old n., generis antiqui- tate florere, multarum imaginum esse : to be of new n., a se ortum esse, una. imagine esse nobilem : to be of high n., summo loco natum esse. || Nobleness of mind, animi splendor (innate).— generositas ; ingenui- tas {by education). Virtue is true n., ex virtute fit nobilitas (cf. L.\, 34). || The nobles, nobilitas; (ho- mines) nobiles. The higher n., nobiles majorum gen- tium : the lower n., nobiles, or patricii, minorum gen- tium. NOBLE, || Of high birth or descent, nobilis (genere) ; generosus. N. birth, nobilitas : a n. family, generosa stirps: to be sprung from a n. family, gene- rosa ab stirpe profectum esse; nobili genere natum esse. || Generous, ingenuous, generosus {of persons and their properties). — ingenuus, liberalis (worthy of a gentleman, of sentiments, fyc. ; also = n.-minded). — honestus {honorable, respectable). — bo- nus (good, excellent; both of persons or things). An. mind, animus ingenuus: n. sentiment, mens liberalis ; ingenium liberale ; animus ingenuus ; liberalitas, in- genuitas: a n. spirit, animus bene a natura informatus, or bene constitutus (eltpv^) : a n. deed or exploit, *facinus liberale (aft. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 3, facinus illibe- rale | ; facinus pulcherrimum , or praeclarum, or magnum et memorabile ; res egregia. (Hg^gT Facinus nobile would be = a well-known deed.) NOBLE, NOBLEMAN, s. homo nobilis or genero- sus ; homo nobili genere natus (g. t., of noble descent). A n. of ancient dignity, homo antiquo genere natus; homo veteris prosapiae et multarum imaginum ; homo ex familia vetere et illustri natus: a new n., homo novus, or a se ortus; homo una imagine nobilis : the n.'s, homines nobiles ; also simply nobiles. — (!$<§r In the fifth century, homines convivae regis.) NOBLY, generose (H. Od. 1, 37, 21); liberaliter; in- genue; honeste. NOBODY, nemo, nullus. See No, None. NOCTURNAL, nocturnus (C). The n. heavens, nocturna cceli forma (C. Tusc. 1, 28, 68). NOD, s.nutus, us. nutatio capitis (the act of nodding the head ; e. g. of beasts). A n. of yours can #c, nutus tuus potest (e. g. hominem in civitate retinere, C.) : 'a look or nod' (Lock?) of Scipio's would have terminated the dispute, Scipio fmire nutu disceptationcm potuisset (L.). NOD, v. nutare. nutare capite. To n. to aby, nutu capitis significare qd ci (to direct him to do something by a «.).— *nutu qm ad se vocare (to call him to one by an.): to make a sign by nodding the head, signa dare nutu. To n. assent, annuere ci. NODDY, bardus; stolidus; ineptus. NODE, nodus (C. ; Aral,). Ascending, descending n., nodus ascendens, descendens (t. t.). NOISE, strepitus (a loud n. produced by things without life; also of an alarm given). — fremitus (hollow sounds, caused esply by living creatures). — crepitus (a flapping, clapping «., e. g. of the wings of NON a bird flying, of a door when opened, $c). — sonitus (a clear loud sound). — stridor (a shrill tremiilous sound, as of a saw). — fragor (a crash). — murmur (the murmuring, gurgling sound of water): without n., sine strepitu ; sine sonitu; cf. Noiseless: to make a n., strepere ; strepitum edere ; fremere ; concrepare. NOISE ABROAD, v. evulgare (L.); divulgare ser- monibus, in vulgus efferre qd (C.) : differre qm, famam (Plaut.); differre qd rumoribus (Ter.): to n. abroad rumours, rumores spargere, disseminare (C); disper- gere (T.) ; dissipare (C.) ; differre (Ter.). NOISELESS, quietus (quiet ; ^^ not tranquillus).— tacitus (silent, in silence): a n. lije, vitaquieta et otiosa. NOISELESSLY, tranquille, quiete, sine strepitu. NOISOME, see Offensive. NOISY, tumultuosus; strepens; fremens : a n. as- sembly, concio tumultuosa. NOMADE, nomas, adis (Plin.); pastor per pascua vagans : n.'s, homines qui pastu pecudum maxime utuntur ; homines pascua peragrantes (aft. C. Div. 1, 42, 94) : homines qui vagi pecorum pabula sequuntur, atque ut ilia durant, ita diu statam sedem agunt (Mel. 2, 1). NOMADIC, by the gen. nomadum : a n. life, *vita nomadum ; *vita eorum qui cum gregibus per pascua vagantur ; *vita hominum pascua cum gregibus per- agrantium : to lead a n. life, vagari et pascua peragrare cum gregibus (aft. C); sequi vagum pecora (Mel. 1, 8, 4) ; vagum pecorum pabula sequi, atque, ut ilia durant, statam sedem agere (Mel. 2, 1, 11) : a n. tribe or race, gens pastu pecudum utens et pascua peragrans. NOMENCLATOR, nomenclator (C). NOMENCLATURE, nomenclatura (Plin). NOMINAL, qui (quae, quod) dicitur, fertur, editur ($&gT In class. Latin not dictus, editus) : the n. author of this book, qui auctor hujuslibri fertur or dicitur. NOMINALLY, ut dicitur, fertur, indicatur ; ut aiunt or perhibent; verbo or vocabulo (opp. re, revera, i. e. really, truly ; see Ochsn. C. Eel. p. 63). NOMINATE, dicere, nominare (to give a title; the former v. pr. of the nomination of consuls, dictators, nominare, of the augurs). — declarare (to declare publicly, proclaim). — nuncupare (to designate a person to athg, by mentioning his name, e. g. qm heredem ; also, with voce, post-Aug.). — salutare, consalutare (to greet or salute publicly). — designare (to appoint previously in the Comitia; e. g. to be consul). — facere (to cause to be athg).— prodere (to name an interrex or flamen); all with a double ace. NOMINATION, nominatio; designatio (previous appointment to an office, T. Ann. 2, 36, exir.): the n. of an heir by delivering his name before witnesses, (heredis) nuncupatio (Suet. Cal. 38). NOMINATIVE CASE, casus nominativus (Varr. L. L.; Q.) ; casus nominandi. rectus casus. In the nom. sing., recto casu numero singulari. nominativus (Gramm.). NONAGE, setas minor ; aetas pupillaris (Suet.). NON-APPEARANCE, (In laiv) desertum vadi- monium (when bail is forfeited). — contumacia (wilful contempt of any lawful summons or judicial order) ; or Crcl. with (se) sistere: to make an affidavit of aby's n.-a., testificari qm se non stitisse (C): if the n.-a. of the defendant is caused by a trick on the part of the accuser, si reus dolo acton's non stiterit (Ulp.). NONCONFORMIST, *dissidens. NONE, nullus; nemo. See No, None. 'N. but' (of persons) is usually rendered by a super I. and quis- que; e g. optimus quisque legendus est, n. but the best writers: trecenti quinquagintaocto delecti, nobilis- simus quisque, n. but those of the best families. NONES, nonae (jjI ). NONENTITY, nihil; nihilum. NONEXISTENCE, non esse (C. Tusc. 1, 6, 2). NONPAYMENT, Crcl. with the verb ; e. g. in case of n., si non soherit. NONPERFORMANCE, Crcl. with the verbs, non exsequi, persequi, or exigere qd. NONPLUS, v. ad incitas redigere. NONPLUS, s. in the phrase ' to beat a n.,' ad incitas redigi. NONRESIDENCE, absentia. NONRESIDENT, absens. NONRESISTANCE, tolerantia. NONSENSE, inepti.-e, nugae (pi.). NONSENSICAL, absmdus, ineptus, insulsus (of persons or things). NONSI'IT, *contumaci33 nomine qm condemnare. •pronunciare, qm causa or formula cecidisse or ex- cidisse. NON NONSUITED, To be, causa or lite cadere; causam or litem perdere ; formula cadere or excidere. NOODLE, bardus; stolidus ; ineptus. See also Fool. NOOK, angulus {corner) — secessus {place of re- treat). NOON, meridies ; vid. Midday. NOOSE, laqueus ; *nodus laxior. NOR. nee, neque : neither ... n., nee ... nee ; neque ... neque. NORTH, s. septemtriones (pi.); regio aquilo- naris. NORTH, NORTHERLY, NORTHERN, adj. sep- temtrionalis (regio, populus, &c). — aquilonaris regio (C.,prop. relating to then. -east). — in septemtriones spec- tans, ad septemtriones vergens (lyingto the ?i., northerly). (g^° Borealis, unclass. and poet.: n. pole, polus sep- teintrionalis, aquilonaris: the n. star, Stella polaris : the n. sea, mare Germanicum {Col ) : the n. wind, boreas {Plin.); aquilo (C); ventus a septemtrionibus oriens (Np. Milt 1, 5): the n. lights, *lumen nocturnum a septemtrionibus oriens. NORTH-EAST, inter septemtriones et orientem solem spectans (aft. Cces. B. G. 1, 1) : (of the wind), ex septemtrionibus et oriente oriens : the n.-east wind, ventus aquilo (C), or simply aquilo (Np.); Africus (Vitr). NORTH-WEST, adv. inter occasum solis et sep- temtriones spectans or situs [aft. Cces. ; e. g. regio) : n.-west wind, caurus (Cces.); circias (Vitr.) ; aparctias (Plin.); septemtrio (C. ; etesiae, the n. -winds in the Greek sens; see Herz. ad Cces. B. C. 3, 107). NORTHWARDS, ad septemtriones versus: to go n., imlecrere cursum ad septemtriones. NOSE, nasus {prop.; also of things wch have the appear- ance of a n.). — nares, pi. (prop , the nostrils ; hence always to be used, where the aperture or the lower part of the n. is esply denoted. Also the singular naris may be used, if one nostril is understood) : a finely-formed, handsome n., nasus deductus ad omnem decorem: an aquiline n., nasus aduncus : a fiat, snub n., nares simae or resimse; nasus simus or collisus: that has a fiat, snub n., simus : a sharp, pointed n., nasus acutus : a large n., nasus masnus : that has a large n., nasutus ; naso (as an epithet of any one) : a fine n., nasus sagax, nares sagaces (of quick scent; said of men or animals). — acutae nares (fig.): to have a fine n., acutum habere nasum (prop.). — festive omnia odorari (.%.) : to blow or wipe then., se emungere (|g^° nares emungere, poet.): to pick the n., digito nares inquietare : to snuff with the n., pulso subito spiritu nares excutere : to spread out the n., nares diducere : to hold athg to the n., qd naribus or ad nares admovere : to stick athg in the n., demittere qd in narem or nares : the n. is wet, nares hument : the n. bleeds, sanguis ex naribus or per nares fluit or prorumpit ; sanguis per nares erumpit : a bleeding at the n., discharge of blood fm the n., fluens sanguis per nares- narium sanguis; profluvium sanguinis e nari- bus : to turn up the n., naribus contemptum or fastidium ostendere (to show contempt or disgust, aft. Q. 11, 3,80): to turn up the n. at any one (in contempt), qm suspendere naso (H. Sat. 1, 6, 5) : to twist aby'sn., ci verba dare; ci ludum suggerere : to lead any one by the n., qm eludere et extrahere (to mock). — qm lactare et falsa, spe produ- cere (to deceive with false hopes; Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 24). — qm circumducere (Com.) : to be under one's n , ante oculos (before the eyes) or ante pedes (before the feet). NOSEGAY, fasciculus (florum). To make a »., flores nectere (t) : to smell a n., fasciculum florum ad nares admovere : to give a n. to aby to smell, or put it to aby's nose, fasciculum florum ad nares ci admovere (C. Tusc. 3, 18, 43). — Plin. has olfactorium and servia both apparently in the sense of n. NOT, non, haud (the former the most common word, applicable in every direct negation ; haud, like our ' not at all,' ' not exactly, ' occurs only in certain connexions, esply before adverbs and adjectives, in order to diminish their signification ; as, n. much, hand multum : n. far, haud longe. See Zumpt, § 277. H^" Avoid, what is so common with modern writers, the use of nullus for non in expressions such as nullus dubito, / do n. doubt, for non or minime dubito; is nullus venit, he did n. come, for is non venit, &c. : it is a Grecism adopted fm the comic ivriters, and is confined by Cicero almost entirely to the epistolar style). — minus {our 'less,' as a modest negative for non ; see Hand, Turstll. 3, p. 621, sqq.). — nihil (like the Greek ouoev, is a strong negation; our 'not at all'). — neuti- quam, haudquaquam, nequaquam, minime (still stronger, ' not at all,' ' by no means,' ' not in the least '). — ne (dffers fm the former negatives, wch deny 64 NOT athg as a fact, by referring only to a mere hypothesis; hence it is used in propositions wch express, a command, order, prayer ; e. g. do n. make any opposition if fyc, ne repugnetis, si &c. : may I n. live if fyc, ne vivam, si &c.) ; fac, ne, followed by a subj. (cause that n. fyc.) or cave (ne) followed by a subj. (take care that n. fyc), or noli followed by an in fin. (do n. desire, be unwilling; all these when a command, prayer, fyc, is to be uttered in a modest tone, for the simple ne, do n. concern your- self about athg else than, fac ne quid aliud cures, nisi ut &c. : do n. suffer yourself to desire, cave ne cupias : do n. desire what cannot happen, nolite id velle, quod fieri non potest. But ||i§§p° parce or fuge, followed by an infin., are pure Grecisms, not found in class. Latin prose). — In questions 'not' is expressed, a) by annon, when a person asks whether something has n. taken place, although he is convinced that such is the case; e. g. did I n. say that it would be so ? annon dixi, hoc futurum ? b) by nonne. when one asks in a convincing manner, with conviction of the correctness of his posi- tion; e. g. what! is n. the dog like the wolf? quid? canis nonne lupo similis ? or, when one would give the person to tinder stand that he observes something, but does n. regard it, e. g. tu, qui deos putas humana negli- gere, nonne animadvertis &c? c) by ne : e. g. with verbs of observation ; when one is n. certain that the other observes a thing, or if one believes thai he does n. observe it sufficiently ; e. g. videsne, ut apud Homerum saepissime Nestor de virtutibus suis praedicet? d) by non, when one believes that the other does n. notice a thing at all; e. g. non vides quanto periculo, &c. ? (the person asked, really does n. see the danger at all). — But non is also frequently used in a lively style for nonne ; e. g. is it n. a piece of madness? non est. amentia? (cf. Reusing. C. Off. 3, 19, 10; Cort. S. Jug. 31, 17.— Also observe that annon and anne look for an answer in the affirmative, ne and non expect one in the negative. Resp cling 'not' in interrogations, see Ramsh. § 174, 1, 2, and Not. 1 and 2) : n. at all, nullo pacto, nullo modo (in no manner). — nihil (in no respect) : n. so very (before an adv. or adj.), haud or non ita (n. particu- larly ; for wch H^/jsp* some moderns use parum wrongly), e. g., n. so very far, haud (non) ita lon^re : n. rightly, non sa*is (n. sufficiently). — parum (too little; opp. nimis) : n. even, ne ... quidem (between wch the word on wch the emphasis lies must be placed ; e. g. I do n. con- sider this as even useful, ne utile quidem hoc esse arbitror) : n. once, non semel (several times). — ne semel quidem (n. a single time) :, n. so = n- in this manner, non ita; non sic. = less, minus; to wander n. so far, minus late vagari : but n., n. however, non vero, neque vero, non autem (the second esply in transitions. If a simple opposition is formed by ' not,' non is used alone; as, I mean the father, n. the son, dico patrem, non filium; see Grotef. § 263. Zumpt § 781): but ... n., nee or neque (see C. Or. 33, 117): and n., nee or neque (this esply in transition, = and also n. ; fortune does n. give virtue, and therefore does n. take it away, virtutem fortuna non dat, ideo nee detrahit): also ... n., nee ... quidem ; e. g. sed nee Jugurtha quidem quietus interea (cf. Benecke, Justin 7, 5, 8, p. 119, sq. IgUPEtiam non is n. Latin): that n. ; see That : only n., n. only ; see Only : or n. ; see Or : and n., et non ; neque (the former is used if the nega- tive refer to one word, or if the emphasis lie on the nega- tive ; neque serves for connecting two propositions, = and also n. ; e. g. via certa et non longa = a sure and n. a long way ; but via cei ta neque longa = a sure and n. long way. And n., ac non ; t^^T Avoid atque non, vjch is only used by Pliny the elder ; see Hand, Turseli. I, p. 473, 19): and n. rather, ac non potius ; ac non (see Hand, I. c): and n. less, atque etiam, itemque (in like manner also ; ij§^"not atque adeo = and rather, and even ; also avoid nee non, wch in this sense is not found in the best prose : why n., see Why ? because n., quod non: if n., see If : n. ..., but, non ..., sed : n. ..., but rather, non ..., sed potius : n. ..., but however, non ..., at; non ..., sed tamen : n. ..., but at least, non .... sed certe : n. ..., but n. even, non ..., sed ne quidem : n. ..., nor even, non ..., nee quidem : n. ..., unless ; n. ..., ex- cept, non ..., nisi : n. that (in order that) ..., but that (in order that, or in order thai n.), non ut ..., sed ut (or sed ne); non ut ..., verum ut: n. in order that ..., but in order that, non ut ..., sed quo (for sed lit eo) : n. that n but in order that, non quin ..., sed ut : n. that n. ..., but however, non quin ..., sed or sed tamen : n. that ..., but yet, or however, non quo ..., sed tamen : n. that ..., but on the other hand, non quo ..., sed contra : n. because ..., but in order that, in order that n., non quia ..., sed ut or sed ne : n. because ..., but NOT because, non quia ..., sed quia; non quod ..., sed. quod ; non quod ..., sed quo : n. on account of ..., but because or but in order that, or but in order that n., non cs rei causa, sed quod ; non cs rei causa, sed ut or sed ne: n. as if n. ..., but because, non quin ..., sed quia or sed quod : n. in order that, or n. because ..., but in order that, non quo or non quod ..., sed ut (or in order that n., sed ne) : n on this account, because ..., but be- cause, non ideo quod ..., verum quod : n. on this account, because ..., but in order that, non ideo quod ..., sed ut : n. on this account, in order that ..., but in order that n., non ideo ut ..., sed ne : n. as if ..., but in order that, non quasi ..., sed ut. — Hg^ Observe a) ' I say that n.' fyc, 'I maintain that it is n.' fyc, is expressed in Latin by nego, followed, by an ace. and infin.; e. g. meus amicus negabat, se hoc facturum esse; b) in con- nexion with an adj. ' not' is frequently expressed in Latin by one word; e. g. n. wise, am en s, demens; n. pleasant, injucundus, ingratus(6«< ^^°in the use of such adjectives compounded with in there is need of great caution, since they are not very common in the golden age of the language; e. g. n. weary, non defatigatus ; but indefessus is not class.). Not but that, see But that. Not only — but also. Not only not. See But. Not that — but. Not that not — but. See But. NOTABLE, notabilis; insignis. NOTABLY, notabiliter; insigniter. NOTARY, *publicae fidei scriba ; *scriba publicus ; or, if necessary, notarius (as t. t), when the context de- termines the sense ; but ^^° notarius with the ancients was a short-hand writer. NOTE, v. notare (to put down in writing ; also to ob- serve as remarkable ; but in the latter sense not till aft. Augustus: there is no authority for its use in the sense of ' to make an explanatory observation '). — annotare (to mark down in writing ; then esply to make a corrective or explanatory remark, although it occurs thus for the first time aft. Augustus; see Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 5, visus es mihi in scriptis meis annotare quaedam ut tumida, quae ego sublimia arbitrabar; Q. 1, 14, 7, de quibus in or- thographic pauca annotabo. (gggr Admonere and ani- madvertere in this sense would be quite wrong). NOTE, || Mark, nota; signum; insigne; indicium [Syn. in Mark, vid.]. N. of admiration, signum ex- clamationis (Gramm.). || Annotation, annotatio (t. I. of post-Aug. Gram.). — *scholion (an explanatory note: axoXiov, Grcec. in C. Att. 16, 7, 3). — explicatio; interpretatio. — [jggir Nota, properly, the censor's mark, i. e. censure, is defended by Hand and Weber as having been long used as term, techn.] To write a few n.'s, pauca annotare (de qa re) ; on a book, commentari librum (Suet. Gram. 2); commentaria in librum com- ponere (Gell. 2, 6, init.). — N. -Latin, *vocabula Latina quibus grammatici in annotationibus scribendis utuntur. || In music, *soni or vocis signum ; *nota musica (Kraft.) : n.'s, modi musici (musical pieces) : to sing fm n.'s, *ex libello canere (not fm the memory). — *ab oculo canere (at sight, aft. Petron. 75, 4). \\ Billet, epistolium (but only Calull. 66 or 68, 2). — epistola pusilla. literulae || Note of Hand, chirographum (to be distinguished fm syngrapha, = a deed drawn up as a formal contract and signed by both parties) : to lend money on a n. of hand, *chirographo exhibito pecuniam ci credere : to borrow money on a n. of hand, *per chirographum pecuniam mutuain sumere : to give a n. of hand, chirographum exhibere (see Gell. 14, 2, chirographi exhibitio): to give a n. of hand for athg, chirographo cavere de re (Suet. Cat. 12). NOTE-BOOK, adversaria, libellus. commentario- lum, commentarii (see Schtitz, Lex. C. sub vv. Obs. adversaria is also a day-book, in wch accounts were set down at the moment, to be afterwards transferred to the ledger). NOTED, vid. Celebrated. NOTHING, nihil ($5^° the usual form in the best prose writers; C. seems to have altogether avoided the abbr. nil, wch occurs in his works only in passages cited fm poets; see M'uller ad C. Or. pro Sest. 28^ p. 73; Goerenz ad C. Fin. 2, p. 153); nihilum.— gj»]gi~ nihil subst. or adj. ; nihilum only subst. ; but if the subst. is to be declined, then akvays nulla res (with the exception of nihili and nihilo); nulla res, either abstr. or concr., of things, or of events, nihil always in a subjective sense, and always abslr. (see Her z* ad Cees. B. C. 2, 6); e. g. nihil agere, nihil loqui; quod mihi nulla res eripiet ; nulla res Caesari ad pristinam fortunam defuit ; prorsus nihil. Since nihil is properly a subst., it takes an adj. or a gen. after it; e. g. n. of the sort, nihil tale : he has 65 NOT done n. new, nihil novi fecit : n. can come of n., de nihilo nihil fit; de nihilo nihil creari potest: for n., sine causa (e. g. laborare) : fm n., ex or de nihilo : a thing comes to n., res non succedit, non habet optatum or speratum eventum (does not take place). — res non exitum habet, non ad effectum adducitur (does not succeed) : to come to n. = perish, ad nihilum venire, redigi, or recidere ; in nihilum interire or occi- dere: to think n. of, pro nihilo putare or ducere (not to value it).— negligere, omittere (to disregard it) : n. less, nihil minus ; nihil vero minus : there is n. in a thing, in qa re nihil est : there is n. in it = it is not so, haec res non ita se habet : to be good for «., nihil esse ; nihil posse ; non multum valere (to be of no power or influence). — nihili esse, inutilem esse (to be useless or unprofitable): n. but, merus (|j§^ in good prose only of things) : e. g. to speak of n. but war, merum bellum loqui : to narrate n. but prodigies, mera monstra nar- rare : n. but trifles, merae nugae ; or by summus, rnag- nus, singularis ; e. g. he showed n. but friendliness in receiving me, summa comitate me excipiebat. N. but, nihil nisi (but not nihil quam. See Zumpt § 735) ; nihil aliud nisi (n. else than — nihil praeter, and is exclu- sive; whereas nihil aliud quam is comparative = is this and n. different fm or more than this. See Kriiger 585, 2). — Obs. After nihil aliud nisi a partcp. or adj. agrees with the following subst. (ut nihil aliud nisi pax videatur quaesita, C.) I^gr They do n. but fyc. In expres- sions of this kind the Latin is elliptical, and omits the facere or agere (e. g. nihil aliud quam bellum com- paravit, Np.). NOTICE, || Observation, remark, animadversio ; observatio; notatio; often by the verbs: worthy of n., notabilis, notandus, notatu dignus ; memorabilis (re- markable, memorable). — memoratu dignus (worthy of mention). ^Information given beforehand, in- dicium : to give n. of a thing, indicare ci qd ; deferre qd ad qm or ci ; certiorem facere qm de qa re : a threaten- ing n., denuntiatio : to send a threatening n., denun- tiare ci qd: a public written n., positus propalam libellus, edictum (a placard) — tabulae auctionariae (n. of a sale). — titulus (e. g. on a house to be let or sold) : to give a ra., libellum or edictum proponere : to give n. of an auction, auctionem proprnere or proscribere. NOTIFICATION, significatio ; indicium (act of giving n., g. t.).— promulgatio, proscriptio (of a sale). NOTIFY, indicium de qa re ci dare, ostendere (C), or facere (Ter.); ad qm afterre (C); indicium cs rei ad qm deferre, or cs rei signification em ci dare, facere, or ■ simply indicare, significare qd (T.). NOTION, notio (wch one connects with athg; hence also the 'meaning' attached to a word). — informatio (the image one forms of athg in the mind). — intelligentia (the knowledge of athg). — species (Cicero's translation of Idea, 'an idea'). — An innate n., notio in animis infor- mata; notio animis impressa; insita et quasi consig- nata in animis notio; quasi naturalis et insita in anmis nostris notio ; animo insita informatio quaedam ; sine doctrina, anticipatio; antecepta animo rei quaedam informatio, sine qua nee intelligi quidquam, nee quaeri, nee disputari potest ; innata cognitio ; praenotio ; insita (or insita praeceptaque) cognitio ; quod natura insculp- sit in mentibus (all C. for the Greek ewoca, -npoX^is, wch he says notat notionem quamlibet, quae antequam judicii vis adolevit, ita se animo impressit, ut ei se constanter eandem praesentet). — An obscure n., notio tecta atque involuta (C): obscure n.'s, intelligentiae obscurae, adumbratae, inchoatas ; cognitio indagationis indigens. —General n.'s, notitiae rerum : confused n.'s, complicatae notioncs : to form a n. of athg, qd mente formare or fingere ; qd animo effingere ; cs rei notionem mente fingere : informare in animo cs rei notionem ; notionem cs rei animo concipere: to attach a n. to athg, notionem cum re conjungere or ci rei subjicere : to have a clear, or definite, n. of athg, satis firme con- ceptum animo comprehensumque tenere; probe or plane intelligere or perspectum habere qd : to form a n. of athg beforehand, notione animi praesentire qd : to have no n. of athg, notionem cs rei nullam habere ; qd ignorare : to have a fahe n. of athg, prava de qa re sentire : to have truer n.'s of the nature of the Gods, veriores de natura Deorum notiones in animo inlorma- tas habere (C): to have some n. of religion, baud intacti religi^ne animi esse : much depends on what n. you entertain of the tribunate, plurimum refert, quid tu esse tribunatum putes : all men do not entertain the same n.'s of what is honorable and dishonorable, non eadem omnibus honesta sunt ac turpia: not to be abte to form any n. of athg, fugit qd inlelJigentiae uostrao 2 P NOT vim et notionem : to confound the n.'s of right and wrong, species veri scelerisque permiscere (H. Sat. 2, 3, 208): to explain a n., notionem cs rei explicare, evolvere; vim et notionem cs rei explicare (C): to explain a confused or obscure n ., animi notionem cora- plicatam evolvere (C. Off. 3, L9, 76); «bscuram intelli- gentiam enodare. II Meaning of a word, notio. — vis. — senteiitia. To include two things in the n. of this word, huic verbo duas notiones subjicere : to attach a n. to a tvord, vocabulo, verbo &c. notionem or senten- tiam subjicere: the only n. of the word is, neque u!la alia huic verbo subjecta notio est, nisi &c. What n. is involved*» these words? quae vis inest in his verbis? quae notio his verbis subjecta est ? NOTIONAL, mente, animo, cogitatione formatus, informatus, or fictus. See also Ideal. NOTORIETY, (nominis) fama; gloria; claritudo: to gain n., i. e. to become celebrated, see Cele- brated. NOTORIOUS, || Well known, (omnibus) notus ; pervulgatus : a n. fact, illustre notumque omnibus factum. \\ Infamous, vid. NOTORIOUSLY, ut omnes norunt. NOTWITHSTANDING, || {With substantives), adversus (e. g. ad versus inducias, n. the truce; adversus id senatusconsultum; stultus est adversus aetatem et capitis canitiem, n. his age); in with an abl., i. e. during, in the midst of (e. g. in summa copia. oratorum : but usually with tamen, sed, &c, e. g. noscitabantur tamen in tanta deform itate ; sed in hac aetate utrique animi juveniles erant); also by abl. absol. with the verbs contemnere, negligere ; e. g. contemptis or ne- glectis precibus meis Romam rediit («. my entreaties). || (With verbs), tametsi ; quanquam ; etsi ; licet; quamvis, or quamquam (although), followed by tamen {yet).— attamen (but yet, but still).— nihilominus, nihilo- 6ecius (nevertheless). NOVEL, adj. See New. NOVEL, s. fabella, fabula. NOVELIST, fabulator. NOVELTY, || Newness, novitas ; insolentia; or by the adj. : to lose the charm of n., novitatis gratiam exuers. || A new thing, res nova; novi qd : novel- ties, res novae. NOVEMBER, mensis November (Cat.); November (Mart.). Calends of N., Calendae Novembres. NOUGHT, nihil; nihilum. See Nothing. NOUN, nomen (Gramm.). NOURISH, nutrire (v. pr. to give nourishment, care, and uttention ; fig., to favour, foment). — alere (to sup- port without denoting the means; fig., to maintain, continue). — sustentare (prop, and fig., to maintain, support, not suffer to fall). — Jn. sustentare et alere; alere et sustentare, — victum praebe.-e ci (only prop., to give what is requisite for the support of life; also of land, fyc, wch maintains any one). — augere (only fig., to increase, enlarge). — Jn. alere et augere (opp. exstin- guere): to n. a person with athg, qm nutrire or alere or sustentare qa re (the former only of food ; alere et sustentare also of the means by wch one obtains a live- lihood) : to be nourished by athg, ali qa re (both of food and of the means of livelihood). — vesci qa re (of food, e. g. carne, lacte). — victum qtiaeritare qa, re, se susten- tare qa re (to gain a livelihood, support oneself). NOURISHER, altor (one who supplies the necessaries of life). — nutritor (one who furnishes food, fyc, post- Aug.). NOURISHING, nutriens ; alens ; in quo est multum alimenti (Cels.); ad alendum aptus, factus (almus, poet.; flggpalibilis only twice, in Varr.) : to be more n., plus alimenti habere ; firmiorem, valentiorem esse [Cels.). NOURISHMENT, \\The act of nourishing, nutricatio (act of suckling, Gell.). — sustentatio (main- tenance, Ulp Dig. jggTnutritus occurs only in Ptin. 22, 24, 53).— Crcl. with the verb.— \\ Contents of nu- tritious parts, alimentum : full of n., see Nutri- tious : that has no n., in quo nihil alimenti est (aft. Cels. 2, 18, in.). — imbecillus, infirmus (opp. valens, firmus): there is more n. in meat than in any other food, plus alimenti est in came, quam in ullo alio. \\ Means of support, food, nutrimentum (prop, and fig. ; but in the best writers only fig. ; e. g. nutrimentum eloquentiae). — alimentum, cibus (of phy sical n.; alimentum also fig.). — pabulum, pastus (fodder, then fig., pabulum animi ingeniique; pastus animi). — victus (everything wch we need or use as food): want of n., penuria alimentorum : to take n., cibum sumere or assuraere: to look for n., pastum anqui- NUM rere (of animals).— victum quaerere (of persons) : to giee n. to a person or thing, qm or qd alere (prop, and fig., of persons and tilings). — ci victum pjae- bere (prop., of persons a?rd things ; cf. To Nourish): the veins convey n. to the bones, venae ossibus alimenta subministrant : the human mind finds its n. in learni-ig and thinking, mens hominis alitur discendo et cog> tando. NOVICE, in re rudis et tiro (g. t.) : in a monastery or nunnery, *novitius monachus, *novitia monacha (fern., t. t.). NOVITIATE, tirocinium (g. t.) ; *tirocinii tempus ; •tirocinium monasticum (t. t. of monastic life). NOW, adv. nunc (at the present time, opp. tunc). — jam (opp. turn; esply as a particle of transition). — in praesentia (C. Cas. Np. L.; for the present). — in hoc tempore, in praesenti (C. Fam. 2, 10; under present cir- cumstances; at this critical time, 8fC.).— in praesens (BSF post-Aug. also ad praesens, n. and the time immediately following. $$& impraesentiarum, deprae- sentiarum are unclass.) — Even n. = a) precisely at this moment, nunc quum maxime or quum maxime only; /3) just before the present moment, modo. N. directly, see Immediately. N. — n. (= at one time — at another), modo— modo (or nunc or interdum, or turn) ; nunc— nunc (or modo. ^^'Obs. nunc — nunc not in prose before L.); alias — alias (or interdum or plerumque or aliquando). — hodie (today). — nunc ipsum. hoc ipso tempore (at this very time, emphatic): n. at length, nunc demum : n. and then, interdum (mly implying that it is not very often). — aliquando (at times; K^T nonnunquam = not uncommonly, pretty frequently) : and subinde denotes the succession of one action to another, often the repeated succession = repeatedly: unheard of until n., ante hoc tempus inauditum. \\(As a particle of transition), autem. — vero (in truth). — nunc, nunc vero (denoting concession): but n., nunc autem. \\(Denof,ing con- sequence), igitur (therefore). — quae cum ita sint (since things are so) : but n., atqui. NOWHERE, nusquam (in no place, under no cir- cumstance).— nullo loco (in no place) — Jggirnuspiam and nullibi are not Latin : n. else, nusquam alibi : n. in the world, n. at all, nusquam gentium: n. else than, nusquam alibi, nisi, or quam (but quam only when tarn precedes, expressed or understood). NOWISE, nullo modo; nequaquam ; neutiquam ; haud quaquam ; nulla ratione ; minime. See also ' By no means' in No. NOXIOUS, nocens; noxius; nocituras: extremely n., pemiciosus, exitiosus. NUDITY, must be expressed by the adj. ; e. g. nuda- turn corpus. |f;fe^ v nuditas occurs only in some oldedd. of Q. 10, 2, 23, where more recent edd., from the best MSS., read jucunditas. NUGATORY, nugatorius ; Jn. infirmus nugatorius- que; levis ac nugatorius. NUISANCE, molestia; onus; incommodum: to be an. to aby, moles-tiam ci exhibere, afferre (Ter.); ci oneri esse(i.): to find athg a n., molestiam capere, suscipere, trahere ex qa re. NULL, irritus, nullus. See Invalid. NULLIFY, qd irritum facere ; qd ad nihilum re- digere; irritum qd esse jubere or velle ; rescindere, dissolvere qd. See also Abrogate, Annihilate. NULLITY, nihil (nothing). — vanitas, inanitas(w^, officium; quod meum, tuum est ; quod debeo, debes : I consider that I am under an o. to, meum esse puto, duco. See also Duty. \\Act by wch one binds oneself, satis datio : = Bond; see Bond. || Favour by wch one is bound in gratitude, beneficium : to be under an o. to aby, cs benefices obligatum esse ; vinculis beneflcii ob- strictum esse (C.) : under o., obligatus (Plin. Ep.). To lay aby under a great o., magnam a qo (C.) or apud qm (L.) gratiam inire. OBLIGATORY, quod obligat, obstringit, devincit qm. OBLIGE, || 7*o compel, qm vi cogere ; see Compel. j| To bind (by a stipulation, duly, favour, 8fc), alligare, obligare, obstringere, devincire. The law o.'s any one, lex tenet qm. To be obliged to the observance of a treaty, fcedere alligatum or illigatum esse. To o. a man by an oath, qm sacramento adigere. To o. oneself to do a thing, se obligare ci rei (or with ut) ; se obstringere in qd (by oath, sacramento ; to a crime, in scelus). I am obliged to do this, hoc meum est. || To confer a favour upon, beneficium in qm conferre: to o. one greatly, gratissimum, pergra- tum, percommode ci facere: you cannot o. me more than by fyc. hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes ; nihil est, quod gratius mihi facere possis : you will o. me greatly by (or if you fyc), gratum (gratissimum) mihi feceris, si &c. ; magnum beneficium mihi dederis, si &c. : 2" am very much obliged to you, gratissimum illud mihi fecisti ; magnum in me contulisti bene- ficium : to be greatly obliged to one, multum debere ci ; multa beneficia ab illo in me profecta, collata sunt (aft. C.) : readiness to o., officium ; officiosa voluntas ; gratificandi liberalis voluntas ; comitas (courteous and kind behaviour towards inferiors) : to show all readiness to o. aby, omni officiorum genexe qm prosequi ; summa ci studia impertire. OBLIGING, comis (courteous). — obsequiosus (will- ingly acceding to others' wishes; the latter only in Plant. Capt. 2, 3, 58). — facilis. officiosus (complaisant, ready to render a service) : o. in athg, promptus or paratus ad qd (ready for athg). — inclinatus or propensus ad qd (easily to be induced, inclined to athg). — indulgens (in- dulgent, opp. durus) : to be o. in athg, ci or cs voluntati morem gerere or obsequi : know, that thou art a great deal too o. (indulgent), te esse auricula infirma, mol- liorem scito (C). The liberality and o. temper of the magistrates, liberalitas atque accommodatio magistra- te um. OBLIGINGLY, officiose; benigne; comiter. OBLIGINGNESS, propensa voluntas (ready dis- position). — facilitas (readiness). — comitas (courtesy). — obsequentia (a yielding to the wishes and humour of others, Cces. B. G. 7, 29). — officium (kind or complai- sant sentiment or action, of him who wishes to show any attention or render a service to aby). — voluntas officiosa (disposition to render a service, O. Pont. 3, 2, 17); indulgentia. OBLIQUE, obliquus. OBLIQUELY, oblique (C. ; also impropr. = ' indi- rectly,' of censuring, |-c.) ; in obliquum (Plin.); per obliquum (H.) ; ex obliquo (Plin.); ab obliquo (O.): to move o., oblique ferri; in latus digredi (Plin.); ob- liquo motu corporis uti. OBLIQUENESS, OBLIQUITY, || Prop.) obli- quitas ; obliquum (Plin.). || Fig.) pravitas (|g|p° not obliquitas in this sense). OBLITERATE, obliterare (e.g. offensionem; famam rei male gestae : memoriam cs rei). — delete (blot out utterly; propr. also memoriam cs rei).— exstinguere — Jn. exstinguere atque delere (impropr.). — inducere. radere. eradere. interlinere [Syn. in Erase]. — fun- ditus tollere. — To o. the very name of the Roman people, nomen populi Romatri exstinguere. To o. his infamy, infamiam exstinguere. OBLITERATION, Crcl. by the verb. OBL OBLIVION, s. oblivio : to bury in or cover with o., qd in oblivionem adducere; qd oblivione obruere, or conterere ; memoriam rei obliterare or expellere : to be buried in o., in oblivione jacere: to sink into o., in oblivionem adduci , oblivione obrui ; obliterari : to rescue fm o., ab oblivione vindicare : this will never fall into o., memoriam cs rei nunquam delebit ob- livio or qd obscuratura nulla unquam est oblivio. An act ofo., See Amnesty. OBLIVIOUS, obliviosus (C). OBLONG, oblongus (L.). OBLOQUY, reprehensio; vituperatio ; culpatio ; ob- jurgatio (obloquium, Sidon.): exposed to o., reprehen- dendus ; vituperandus ; reprehensione or vituperatione dignus. OBNOXIOUS, \\Subject, exposed, subjectus ; cbnoxius ($*gf avoid subditus) : videtur mild cadere in sapientem aegritudo (that a wise man is o. to, C. Tusc 3, 4, 7). ^Hurtful, troublesome, noxius ; malus ; detrimentosus (Cces.) ; nocens. OBSCENE, obseenus (exciting disgust). — immundus (unclean, impure). — spurcus (filthy, nasty): an o. song, canticum obscenum : to use o. language, verbis ob- scenis uti; obscena dicere ; obsceno jocandi genere uti. OBSCENITY, obscenitas ; or by the adj. OBSCURE, adv. \\ Bark, dusky, obscurus, tene- bricosus (with this difference, that tenebricosus itself denotes primarily only the obscuration of the atmo- sphere, or the want of light, whereas obscurus denotes either the effect of this want on the objects, or the want itself; to the former in luce positus is opposed, to the latter illustris). — caliginosus (dark, without light). — caecus (in wch one cannot see; as, night, a house): somewhat o., subobscurus : an o. night, nox obscura (overcast). — nox caliginosa (dark). — nox caeca or ob- ducta (in wch one cannot see any space before him) : to make athg o., obscurum facere, obscurare (e. g. cubicu- lum, conclave). — ci rei lucem eripere (to deprive of light). See also Dark. || Not plain, obscurus (unintelligible, uncertain, unknown). — caecus (of ivch one sees no reason ; e.g. morbus, carmen)- — involutus (veiled). — non apertus ad intelligendum (not distinct). — abstrusus (hidden, se- cret, e. g insidiae ; or, hard to explain and understand, e. g. disputatio). — perplexus (confused, intricate, e. g. sermones, carmen).— impeditus (complicated). — incertus (indefinite, vague). — ignobilis (unknown): somewhat o., subobscurus (of a speaker, fye.) : to make athg o., ci rei obscuritatem et tenebras afferre, tenebras obducere ; lucem eripere et quasi noctem quandam ci rei offen- der» (C. N. D. 1, 3, 6): to make a speech o., orationem occaecare : to be o., in tenebris latere ; obscuritate in- volutum latere (to be hidden, not known). — lucem desi- derare (to be indistinct, of ideas) : to be very o., crassis occultatum et circumfusum tenebris latere (to be wrapped in impenetrable obscurity). \\Not illus- trious, obscurus: an o. name, n omen obscurum : of o. birth or descent, obscuro loco natus ; obscuris ortus majoribus (of an unknown family). — nullo patre natus, terrae filius (not born in lawful wedlock). OBSCURE, v. obscurare (prop, or fig.). — tenebras offundere or obducere ci rei or ci (to overcast, so that athg is no longer in clear light, either lit. or fig.); rei caliginem offundere (L.), or inducere (Veil.; more strongly). — noctem offundere ci rei : the light of a lamp is obscured by that of the sun, obscuratur et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernae : oblivion shall never o. the remembrance of thee, tuam memoriam nulla oblivio obscurabit : to o. the reputation, nomini or decori officere. OBSCURELY, obscure (C.) ; and see the adj. OBSCURITY, \\Darkness, obscuritas ; tenebrae (opp. lux). — caligo (see the distinction of the adj. in Obscure).— Jn. obscuritas et tenebrae; tenebrae et caligo; caligo et tenebrae; nox (night). || Want of clearness, plainness, obscuritas. — incertum (un- certainty). || Want of fame or celebrity, tene- bras; ignobilitas, humilitas (the former in respect of rank, the latter in respect of descent) : to raise fm o., qm e tenebris et si'entio proferre; qm in lucem famamque provehere ; e tenebris in lucem evo- care (familiam): to live in o., per obscurum vitam transmittere (Sen. Ep. 19, 2); in ignoratiotie hominum versari; in tenebris jacere; in umbra degere. \\An obscure thing, res obscura, occulta, involuta, oc- culta et quasi involuta ; res nondum ad liquidum per- ducta or explorata : to clear up obscurities, res obscuras explanare; res involutas explicare ; occulta et quasi involuta aperire. OBSEQUIES, justa (pi.); justa funebria (Liv.); or simply, funebria (Plin.); exsequiae (C). See Funeral. OBS OBSEQUIOUS, obsequiosus; obsequens : to be o. to aby, ci or cs voluntati morem gerere, or ob- sequi. OBSEQUIOUSLY, obsequenter. officiose. OBSEQUIOUSNESS, obsequium, obsequentia (habit of yielding to the wishes and desires of others; the latter, *Cces. B. G. 7, 29) : excessive o., nimia obsequentia : to manifest o. towards aby, ci or cs voluntati morem gerere ; ci morigerari ; ci obsequi. OBSERVANCE, \\Act of observing, regard, attention, observantia (outward respect or attention). observatio (reverence, regard). — obedientia; obtempe- ratio (e. g. justitia est obtemperatio legibus, o. of the laws, C). \\Rule of practice, custom, usus ; mos receptus ; consuetudo recepta : it is an o., usu, more, con suetu dine receptum est. OBSERVANT, observans (e. g. sequi, Claud, offici- orum, Plin.) ; also in the sense of showing respect, obser- vantissimus mei (C.).— obediens; obtemperans (obe- dient). See Attentive. OBSERVATION, observatio; animadversio (a giving heed, attention) ; e. g. naturae : a man of quick o. ; see Observer: to make an o., observare ; animad- vertere (to observe).— experiri (to try, make experiment): to be exposed to the o. of all, in clarissima luce versari : what my own o. supplies, quod animadverti : an army of o., *copiae ad hostium itinera servanda dis- positae : to make astronomical o.'s, coelum sidera- que spectare (cceli siderumque spectator, one who makes such, L. 24, 34); motus stellarum observitare (C. Div. 1, 1, 2, Orelli [al. observare]), considerare sidera (Gell. 2, 21); positus siderum ac spatia dimetiri (T. Ann. 6, 21, 3). OBSERVATORY, *speculaastronomica(.E*'cAs*.); or mathematici pergula (Suet. Oct. 94). OBSERVE, i| To watch, servare, observare (g. t.). — asservare (to watch carefully). — animadvertere (to give heed or attention to). — spectare, contemplari (to look about quietly for the purpose of observation). — con- siderare (to view or contemplate ; e. g. sidera, Gell. 2, 21). — custodire (to watch, guard, a person). — speculari (to look out for). — speculari et custodire qm : to o. the course of the stars, observare \Moser, Orell. observitare, C. Div. 1, 1, 2] motus stellarum : to o. lightning, ser- vare de ccelo (of an augur) : to q. the rising of a con- stellation, servare ortum sideris : to o. aby's behaviour, observare quemadmodum qs se gerat : to o. the enemy, hostium consilia speculari (to endeavour to find out /»••'« plans).— quae ab hostibus agantur, cognoscere (to watch). — hostium itinera servare (to note the march of an enemy). || To follow, attend to, observare (e. g. leges, C, praeceptum, Cess.).— parere (to obey). || To say, remark, dicere (to say). — docere (to teach): to o. this, ut hoc addam : to o. only one thing, ut alia omittam (to pass by all other things). ^^° Avoid the expression so commonly used by annotators, ut monet, for, ut ait, ut docet, ut annotavit, ut est apud ; ut monet is not Latin. OBSERVER, observator (g. t. ; g§p= post- Aug.).— spectator (a beholder). — speculator (a spy) ; or Crcl. with the verbs: an o. of nature, speculator venatorque naturae : an o. of the constellations, spectator cceli side- rumque : an acute o., homo acutus, sagax, emunctae naris homo (facete, H. Sat. 1,4,8): a careful o. of his duties, omnium officiorum observantissimus (Plin. Ep. 10, 11) : to be a diligent o. of athg, acriter animum in- tendere ad qd ; acrem et di:igentem esse animadver- torem cs rei. OBSOLETE, obsoletus (of dress, words). — exoletus (of words). — ab usu quotidiani sermonis jam diu inter- missus (of words long gone out of common use). — ab ultimis et jam obliteratis temporibus repetitus (of words) : to become o., obsolescere ; exolescere (Iggp" in desuetudinem venire, only in the Digests). OBSTACLE, impedimentum (a hindrance). — mora (a cause of delay). — difficultas (difficulty; gg^ Avoid the unclass. obstaculum, and obstantia; although the latter occurs in Vitr.) : to put an o. in the way, to be an o., impedimento esse ci rei; impedimentum inferre (C); impedimentum afferre (T.) ; moram afferre, offerre (C); in mora esse (Ter.); obstare, officere, obesse ci (C): to remove o.'s, amoliri (of obstacles; also with addition of e medio, with labour and diffi- culty) : to conquer o.'s, impedimenta superare ; ea, quae obstant, transcendere (to overcome them). — amoliri, qua; impedimento sunt (remove them by great exertions ; aft. Ter. And. 4, 2, 24). OBSTINACY, animus obstinatus, obstinatio, in athg, cs rei (obstinate perseverance). — pervicacia, animus pervicax (perseverance in endeavouring lo OBS carry out athg, or to gain a victory). — pertinacia (o. in an opinion or purpose). — animus praefractus ; con- tumacia. OBSTINATE, pertinax {that keeps to his opinion; also of things, that do not yield or abate ; e. g. diseases). — pervicax {constant in endeavours to carry a thing through, or gain a point). — obstinatus, affirmatus {the former, firm and constant, in a good sense; the latter, stiff and o., in a bad sense: |^^° contumax, defying, resisting, does not belong to this; refractorius is not Class): an o. complaint or disease, morbus perseve- rans; morbus longinquus {long, tedious); longa et pertinax valetudo {of a long continuance of poor he alth): an o. engagement, pi-oelium or certamen pertinax (Jg^~ prcelium firmissimum Ccel. in C. Ep. 8, 17, extr. —a battle with able-bodied troops) : an o. silence, obsti- natum silentium {e. g. obtinere). OBSTINATELY, obstinate ; pertinaciter ; pervica- citer ; praefracte {e. g. nimis praef'racte ferarium defen- dere, C. Off. 3, 22, 88); obstinato animo ; offirmata voluntate : to act o. in athg, obstinato animo agere qd. OBSTREPEROUS. See Noisy. OBSTRUCT, || To block up, claudere {shut in); obstruere, obsepire, intercludere. To o. the way, viam praecludere ; viam obstruere {barricade) ; iter obsepire ; iter intercludere, interrumpere. || To be an ob- stacle in the way of, impedire qm a qa re, or merely qa. re {never in qa re) ; impedimento esse ci (ci rei) ; ad qd {never in qa re) impedimentum afferre ci rei faciendae ; obstare or officere ci and ci rei cs. OBSTRUCTION, \\Act of obstructing; use the verbs. || Obstacle, vid. OBTAIN, obtinere {to o. after resistance, and keep possession). — parare, comparare {provide, procure by one's own means). — quaerere (o. by seeking : e. g. liveli- hood, victum ; popularity with the common people, gratiam ad populum ; glory, sibi gloriam). — acquirere {to o. what one has striven for). — colligere (collect; e. g. good-will, favour, 8;c). — nancisci (o. with or without trouble ; even against one's wish). — adipisci (to achieve by exertion). — consequi {to arrive at the object of one's wish, with or without assistance). — assequi (to arrive by exertion at the object of one's endeavours). — impetrare (effect or o. what has been required) : by vio- lence, exprimere, extorquere : to o. the highest poli- tical power, rerum potiri: to o. credit, parere sibi laudem : money, pecuniam sibi facere : a man's friend- ship, cs amicitiam sibi comparare : great influence, magnam auctoritatem sibi constituere : great wealth and reputation, magnas opes sibi magnumque nomen facere : a victory, victoriam ab, de, or ex hoste con- sequi or reportare (C); referre (L.); adipisci (Ctss.). To endeavour to o., captare qd (e. g. popularity, 8(c). OBTESTATION, obtestatio (C.) ; or Crcl. with the verbs. OBTRECTATION, obtrectatio (C, Liv.). OBTRUDE, v. obtrudere (of persons or things) : to o. oneself, se obtrudere, inferre, insolenter se offerre, se ingerere, se inculcare cs auribus (in order that one may hear us; all these of persons). — se inculcare (e. g. oculis). — se offerre, objici (e. g. animo; of forms, ap- pearances, thoughts wch present themselves to our view or mind). OBTRUSION, By the verbs. OBTRUSIVE, importunus (behaving in a trouble- some, unseemly, fyc, manner). — molestus (troublesome). — impudens (shameless). — molestus. Or by the verbs. OBTUSE, obtusus, hebes (prop, and fig.); tardus (fig.) : an o. mind, ingenium hebes, or retusum (C). OBTUSENESS (hebetatio oculorum, Plin., dulness of sight: hebetudo sensuum, Macrob., stupidity). Use the adjectives. OBVIATE, occurrere, obviam ire (to go agst, not to shun).— praevertere (to prevent).— resistere (to offer resistance, check) : to o. an evil, malo occurrere, prae- vertere. OBVIOUS, manifestus, perspicuus, evidens, planus, illustris : to be o , patere, apparere (to be manifest).— liquet (it is clear, self-evide?it).—\iq\iere ; planum, clarum, perspicuum esse (to be clear or plain; Syn. in Platn) : this is not o. to me, hoc mihi non constat : to me the matter is quite o., res solis luce mihi videtUr elarior (aft. C. de Div. 1, 3, 6). See also Clear. O B VIOUSLY, manifesto ; clare ; evidenter. See also Clearly. OCCASION, s. causa (cause, reason). — materia {mate- rials for athg).— locus, occasio (opportunity).— ansa {prop., a handle ; then fig., an opportunity): to give o., occasionem dare ; ansam dare or praebere (e. g. for tlame, reprehensionis or ad reprehendendum) : to give occ o. to suspicion or doubt, locum dare suspicion! or dubita- tioni : to be an o, of war, belli materiam praebere : to give o. for a letter, argumentum epistolae dare : to be an o. of langMer, risum movere or cone tare : to take o., occasionem capere, sumere, or amplecti (the last, icilliugly or gladly): to seek o., occasionem captare: to cut off all o., prajcidete ci omnes causas: upon o., si occasio fuerit. tulerit; oblata facultate ; ut primum occasio data fuerit (C). OCCASION, v. occasionem dare, ansam dare or praebere, rei (dat.) ; locum dare rei (dat.) or rei (gen.) ; materiam praebere (J$g|r Plautus and Pheedrus often use concinnare in this sense). See also CAtjste, v. OCCASIONAL, Crcl. by occasione (IgSgT not oppor- tunitate) data or oblata; si occasio fuerit or tulerit; per occasionem. An o. poem or copy of verses, carmen sollemne (on any public festive occasion, Cf Stat. Silv. 4, 6, 92). OCCASIONALLY, per occasionem (L.) ; ex occa- sione ; oblata occasione (Suet.). OCCIDENT, occidens. OCCIDENTAL, occidentalis (Plin.); solem occi- dentem spectans (L.); ad occidentem situs (aft. L.); ad occidentem vergens (Curt.); in occidentem vergens (£.). OCCIPUT, occipitium(Fcrrr. Plaut.); occiput (Pcrs.). OCCULT, arcanus; occultus ; abditus ; latens : o. causes, caecae causae : o. diseases, caeci morbi. OCCUPATION, || The act of occupying, pos- sessio (possession) ; usually by the verbs. ^Employ- ment, business, negotium: without o., negotiis vacuus. OCCUPIER, possessor; or by the verbs. OCCUPY, || To engage, occupare, occupatum te- nere (to engage one's whole thoughts or attention). — deti- nere (to keep close to a thing, to fix). — curae est mihi qd, consulo ci rei (engages my care or attention) : to o. one in various ways, distinere; distringere (to distract ) : to o. oneself in athg, occupari in qa re or qa re ; versari in re or circa qd (to give oneself up completely to a thing). — se ponere in re (to lay oneself out upon a thing). — qd tractare (to handle). — agere (to be chiefly concerned in). — dare se rei (to devote oneself to ; to be busily oc- cupied in athg). — urgere qd (e. g. studia) : to o. oneself wholly, or exclusively in athg, se totum collocare in re : my mind is entirely occupied with this one contempla- tion, totus animus in hac una contemplatione derixus est : to be occupied in a thing, occupatum esse in re ; intentum esse ci rei; in manibus est mihi qd; vigere in re (e. g. in rerum cognitione, see C. Ecl.p._56). \\ To take or have possession, habere; tenere ; possi- dere : to o. with troops, locum obsidere, insidere, occu- pare (the latter including the idea that one anticipates another in taking the place). — locum praesidio firmare, munire ; praesidium ponere, collocare, constituere in loco (to garrison a place wch one already possesses) : to 0. a place firmly with troops, valido occupare praesidio : a place properly occupied (with troops), locus tutus (opp. intutus) : to keep a place occupied (with troops), locum praesidio tenere (to hold with a garrison). — locum asservare (to keep). OCCUR, || To happen, accidere ; incidere; eve- nire ; contingere; intervenire (C); intercidere (C&s.) ; geri (to be going on). — exsistere (of events wch break out suddenly, as seditions, wars, fyc). || To come under observation, be met with (as a passage in a book, 8(c), esse; exstari; inveniri ; reperiri : a passage o.'s, phrases o. fyc, locus occurrit ; locutiones, sententiae occurrunt apud scriptorem (but it is better to use inveniri, reperiri, legi ; for occurrere c onta ins the idea of something accidental or fortuitous : gg^T Avoid, in this sense, obvium esse, aradobvenire. See Frotscher ad Q. 10, 1, 19). || To present itself to one's mind, in men tern mihi qd venit; mihi in opinionem qd venit (as an opinion, or supposition). — subit animum cogitatio, in mentem or in cogitationem mihi incidit qd (presents itself to my mind). — mihi or animo or in mentem occurrit qd, mihi succurrit qd (enters my mind) — subit recordatio, recordor or reminiscor cs rei, recursat qd animo (I remember a thing) : all kinds of things o. to my mind, variae cogitationes animum meum commovent : to write, to speak, just what o.'s to one, quod or quidquid in buccam venerit, scribere, (C. Att. 1, 12), garrire (C. Att. 12, 1), loqui (Mart. 12, 24, 5). OCCURRENCE, \\ Act of occurring, use the verbs. \\ Event, casus (esply accidental). — res (g. t. an occurrence, 8(c). Unfortunate o.'s, res adversae, miserae ; casus calamitosi, miseri : sad o., casus hor- ribilis, tristis : an unexpected o., casus improvisus, in- opinatus. OCE OCEAN, oceanus (C). g^f° Mare oceannm is found in Cces. in the ace, and in T. in the nom., so that, in the latter at least, it is an adjective. OCHRE, ochra(PZm. ; Vitr.)— sil, aills (Plin.). Of the colour of yellow o., silaceus {Plin.). OCTAGON, octogonon (Vilr.) ; (octangula figura, Appul.) OCTAGONAL, octogonus ( Vitr.; octangulus, Appul.). OCTAVE, || In music, diapason; intervallurn sep- tem vocum {an interval between the notes of the same name). — octo voces or soni (a series of eight notes). OCTAVO, {Size of paper) *forma octor.aria (Wyttenb.). An o. page, *p2gina octonaria: an o. volume, *liber formae octavae ( Wyttenb.) or octonariae (ib.); «liber octonarius : an o. sheet, *scida octonaria, or formae octavae : in o., *formae octavae or octonariae : a volume in royal {imperial) o., *liber formae octavae majoris (maximae) {Wyttenb.). OCTOBER, (mensis) October. OCULAR, by the gen. oculorum ; or otherwise by Crcl. with oculus, oculi. To give o demonstration of athg, oculis, ante oculos cs qd proponere, exponere (C); oculis subjicere(Z,.); sub aspectum subjicere(^. adH.): o. illusions, ludibria oculorum, creditapro veris {L.). OCULIST, medicus ocularius {Cels. 6, 6, 8); chirur- gtis ocularius (Inscr.), or simply ocularius (Scrib. Larg. 37). ODD, || Not even or like, inaequalis {unlike in nature). — impar {opp. par ; uneven in quantity). — dispar {opp. compar; unlike in qualUy). An o. number, nu- merus impar. || Strange, insolens; insolitus; mira- bilis ; mirus ; monstrosus : to say o. things, monstra dicere, nunciare : is not this o. ? nonne hoc monstri similis est? {Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 43): it were o., if, mirum (est) 8i, nisi (Plaut. ; Ter.). || Over and above a certain numbet, justum numerum excedens or superans. ODDITY, |1 OddHess; vid. || An odd or strange person or thing, homo monstrosus (C); caput ri- diculum {Ter.; of p&rsons); monstrum; res monstru- osa, rnira, nova {of things). ODDLY, || Unevenly, inaequaliter. || Strangely, monstruose ; miro, novo, insolito modo; mirum in modum. ODDNESS, \\Unevenness, inaequalitas. \\Strange- ness: by the adj. ODDS, || Inequality, inaequalitas. || A dvantage, superiority, prior locus ; excellentia, praestantia {ex- cellence). To have the o. of aby, qo potiorem, priorem esse; qm antecedere: in athg, qa re praestare ci or superare, vincere qm. \\ d d s {in betting). To bet o., either quovis pignore certare {wch, however, is only ' to b et a ny wager') or *majori pignore cum qo certare. |3gp" To express ' o. of so much to so much,' cf. Plaut. Epid. 5, 2, 34, Ni ergo matris filia est, in meum numum, in tuum talentum pignusda. || f'ariance. rixa; jurgium; lites, pi. ; altercatio; contentio. They are at o., lites inter eos factae sunt {Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 8) : to set at o., rixam ciere, excitare ; altercationem {L.) or controversiam {C.) facere. ODIOUS, odiosus ; invisus; invidiosus. To render aby o., ci invidiam facere or conflare. ODIOUSLY, infeste {also the superl. in C); infeste {also the compar. in C). ODIOUSNEbS, invidia. To conceal the o. of a thing by a gentle name, tristitiam cs rei mitigare lenitate verbi(C. Off. 1, 12, 37). ODIUM, invidia. To have incurred o., habere in- vidiam ; in invidia esse : to bring o. upon aby, qm in invidiam adducere or trahere ; ci odium conciliare or invidiam conflare ; qm in odium (invidiam) vocare : to be an object of general o., onerari invidia. ODORIFEROUS, bene olens (C); odoratus {per- fumed; Ov , Plin.); odorus (Ov.). To be o., bene olere (C); suave olere {Catull.); suaves odores spargere (aft. H.). ODOUR, || Prop.) odor. A sweet o., odor suavis, jucundus : sweet o.'s, suavitas odorum, or simply odores (C ). || Fig.) Esteem, repute, existimatio. In bad o., nonnulla iofamia aspersus : to be in bad o., minus commode audire; minus commodae esse existimatio- nis; (with aby) magna in offensa esse apud qm (C). OF, || As a sign of the genitive, or denoting possession is usually expressed by the gen. case in Latin. |>§ip" Ab with an abl. itistead of the gen. is poet., e. g. dulces a fontibus undae (V ). || Denoting origin, beginning, or cause; we sometimes find e or ex ; de : but the prep, is used only for the sake of emphasis or perspicuity ; for the most part, 'of is ex- pressed by the simple genitive; e. g. rex Macedonian or 71 OFF Macedonum, king of Macedon. Sts ' of is expressed by the use of an adj. ; e. g. a citizen of Athens, civig Atheniensis. In the titles of nobility a is better than de ; but it is generally best to employ an adj ; e, g. dux Guisius, the Duke of Guise. — To die of a disease, perire a morbo (see Bremi, Np. de Regg. 3> 3) : to die of wounds, ex vulneribus perire. — When 'of refers to the material of wch a thing is made, it is usual not to employ the prep, alone, but to make it dependent on a ptcpl., as factus, expressus, or the like; e.g. poculum ex auro, better poculum ex au ro fa ctum ; or by the use of an adj., poculum aureum. BgpT The prep, must not be us»d when speaking of things as consisting of a certain ma- terial: in this case the material must be denoted by an adj , or by a subst. in the gen. case ; e. g. mountains of gold, montes aurei, or montes auri. || Denoting the quality or property of a thing. When a property is considered as manifest or apparent, and so as existing according to the mind or judgement of a spectator, the abl. must be employed ; e. g. puella pulchra forma, of a beautiful figure : but when the property is characteristic, and considered as inherent in the subject, then we find the gen. Hence all descriptions of a thing with ref. to its size, weight, age, fyc, have the gen.; e. g, pedum quindecim fossa ; homo fervidi ingenii; vir magni ju- dicii et summae facultatis. || In denoting the part of a whole, usually ex, more rarely ab ; e. g. nonnulli ab novissimis, some of (Cces.). || Concerning, re- specting, de. What must be thought of those who ... ? quid de iis existimandum, qui &c ? || Out of, de; ex; inter (among). \\ Before the name of a town as the native place of a person, ' of is usually expressed by an adj. of the name of the place instead of a prep. ; e. g. Lycurgus of Sparta, Lycurgus Spar- tanus ; Pericles of Athens, Pericles Atheniensis. The prep, with the place is sts, but rarely, used; as L. 1, 50, Turnus ab Aricia for Turnus Aricinus. (BggT This mode of writing is almost peculiar to L.) || Sts ' of is expressed in Latin by the form of construction ; e. g. to smell of a thing, sapere rem : of high birth, natus summo loco: of one's own accord, sponte mea, tua, &c. J§*0" The city of Rome, urbs Roma (in appos., not Romae). || The following instances show how to translate 'of before the participial substantive. (1) By infin.: let no one repent of having prefer red, ne quem pee ni teat sequi maluisse &c. : I don't despair of there being some one, nondespero fore qm. (2) quod with subj. : I think he should repent of having given up his opinion, ego illi, quod de sua sententia deces- sisset, pcenitendum censeo: they accused Socrates of corrupting, Socratem accusarunt, quod corrum- peret. (3) Instead of reading, he does so and so, quum possit or quum debeat legere (according as the thing not done was a possibility or a duty): why do you cry instead of laughing? cur rides ac non potius lacrimaris? || Miscellaneous. To ask or enquire of aby, quaerere qd ex [a, de] qo : to consist of athg, ex qa re constare, consistere; also, of numbers, esse with gen. To be made of athg, ex qa re factum, constitutum esse : one of, unus ex, less cmly de. OFF, || Denoting separation or distance, ab eo (ea, &c.) ; de eo (ea, &c). But we usually find a (ab), or de in composition with a verb ; as, to drive off, avehi ; devehi: to bear off, ferre, auferre (prop, and fig.); deportare, reportare, consequi, adipisci (fig. to get, acquire, obtain, as victory, fame, 8fc): to carry of, ferre, auferre (to acquire, obtain). — obtinere (to obtain something wished for).— ex ea re servare (to save, de- liver) : to come off, elabi, evadere (e. g. to come off with his life, vivum or salvum evadere ; vivum exire) : to come off with a light punishment, levi poena defungi: to come off unpunished, impune abire; sine poena de- mitti : to come off fortunately, pulchre discedere (comic) : to drive off, abigere, depellere: to go off, abire, dis- cedere ; aufugere, profugere (to flee away ; the latter esply in a secret manner) : to lead off, abducere : to make off, se pioripere ; se eripere; in pedes se conjicere (to take to one's heels; comic): to make off secretly, pro- fugere ; clam aufugere; clam se subducere (to sneak off); clandestina fuga se subtrahere. \\ As an inlerj., Away! away with! tolle, tollite, aufer, auferte (take away! see V. uEn. 8, 439, tollite cuncta, in- quit, coeptos auferte labores). — abi ! apage te ! (go away !) off with you ! amove te hinc ! abi in malam rem I (= go and be hanged! comic) : pi., off with you! procul este! OFFAL, vilia (urn); quisquiliae (C); intestina, pi. (intestines). OFFENCE, || Displeasure given, in jury done, injuria (injury done; when perspicuity allows it, the OFF person who does the injury, and the person to whom the injury is done, may be placed in the genitive ; else say, injuria ci illata, injuria ab qo illata). — offensio, offensa (offence ; the former, wch one feels or receives; the latter, of wch one is guilty) — ignominia (g. t. reproach ex- pressed, whether deserved or not). — contumelia (reproach unjustly expressed, insult) — molestia (unpleasant, of a thing as burdensome or annoying). — dolor (the painful feeling of o.). A grievous o., injuria acerba; offensio gravis; dolor gravis or acerbus : without o., sine ulla contumelia. || Displeasure received, injury sustained, offensio. To give o. to any one, offendere qm or apud qm ; in offensionem cs incurrere or cadere : I have given great o. to some one, in magna offensa sum apud qm : to give great o. by one's mode of life, esse pes- simi exempli: to take o., offensionem accipere (opp. offens. deponere) : to take o. at a person or thing, in qo or in qa re offendere (to have something to object to in a person or thing). — fastidire qm or qd, or in qa re (to feel disgust, to disdain ; see L. 4, 3, % 34, 5 extr. ; C. Mil. 16, 42) : to avoid o., offensionem effugere. If / may say so without o., bona hoc venia tua dixerim ; pace tua dixerim. || Cause of offending, stumbling- block, res mali (pessimi) exempli. OFFEND, || Tr.) To displease, offendere qm (also impropr. cs aures &c.) : to be offended, offendi : to have grievously offended aby, magna in offensa esse apud qm (C); facere qm iratum; irritare qm or cs iram; exacerbare qm. / am offended at athg, qd mini sto- macho est; qd aegre fero {Com., qd mihi or meo animo aegre est); qd mihi molestum est; qd me pungit ; qd me male habet. \\ To be offensive to, offensioni esse ; offensionem or offensam habere ; offensionem afferre (ci). || Intr.) To transgress, peccare. || To offend agst {= violate) rules, laws, fyc. See Violate, Transgress. OFFENSIVE, || Causing anger, pain, or dis- gust, quod offensioni est, offensionem habet or afferf. quod offendif, quod non vacat offensione (that is faulty), — quod displicet (that displeases). — odiosus (that causes scandal). — exemplo baud saluber (that sets a bad ex- ample). — mali or pessimi exempli (that sets a very bad example). Very o. manners, mores pessimi, perditi: o. language, voces lascivae (licentious), protervae (wanton), obscenae (obscene), contumeliosae (injurious to the eredit of any one) : to use o. language to any one, conscelerare aures cs : to be o., offensioni esse ; offen- sionem or offensam habere ; offensionem affeire : to any one, ci; non vacare offensione : to be o. to the eyes and ears, ab ©culorum auriumque probatione abhorrere. II Assailant, opp. to defensive, byCrcl. An o. war, *bellum quod ultro infertur ; *bellum ultro inferendum (while yet future), ultro illatum (when already begun) : to begin an o. war, bellum inferre, or ultro inferre (Cess.; L.); armis, bello, lacessere or petere qm; in- festo exercitu pergere in agrum hostium ; ultro petere hostem : an o. alliance or treaty, *fcedus ad bellum ci inferendum initum ; to act on the o. (against any state or people), sociare arma contra qm : the Romans under Fabius acted on the defensive rather than on the o., Romani apud Fabium arcebant magis quam infere- bant pugnam (L. 10, 28): to apt both on the o. and on the defensive, inferre vim atqiie arcere : to be strong enough to act on the o M jnferendo hello satis pollere (T. Hist. 3, 55, 1). OFFER, s. quod qs offer* ; conditio. To make an o., conditionem ferre (L.), proponere (C.) : to accept an o., conditionem accipere {Ter.) : to refuse an o., conditio- nem aspernari(2Vp.): o. of marriage ; see Marriage. OFFER, v. offerre (to set over against, to present to). — profiteri (to profess oneself ready to). — polliceri (to promise), ci qd. To o. one's services to aby, ci operam suam offerre ; tit or in athg, ad rem or in re operam suam profiteri : to o. one's interest or power for athg, ci auctoritatem, copias, opes deferre ad qd nego- tium : to o. a thing of one's own accord to aby, qd ci ultro offerre or polliceri : to o. battle to the enemy, hostem ad pugnam provocare, hostibus facere potesta- tem pugnae or pugnandi: to o. oneself, se offerre (g. t.), or se venditare ci (of one who endeavours to gain the fa- vour of aby): too. oneself as bail or surety, sesponsorem profiteri : to o. oneself for athg, profiteri operam suam ad qd : to o. oneself as a guide, polliceri se ducem itineris : to o. itself, offerri, dari (of things and events), — objici (to present itself accidentally). — suppetere (to be at hand in abundance ; see Herz. S. Cat. 16, 3): a good opportunity o.'s itself, opportunitas datur. OFFERING, donum ; munus (sacrum). A burnt o., holocaustum (Tert.). OFFERTORY, *ea pars cultiis divini, qua pecuniam 72 OFF in mum pauperum conferimus ; *ea pars cultus divini, qua oblationes populi offeruntur; or tt may be necessary to retain «offertorium as t. t. (jgggr Offertorium in eccles. Lat. was the place where the oblations were offered: fertum enim dicitur oblatio, quae altari offer- tur (Isid. Orig. 6, 19). — Freund assigns this meaning to the word in his first edition ; but in his latest edition he makes offertorium = oblation, also elevation of the host (with Roman Catholics). OFFICE, || Business, function ; particular employment, esply public, munus (g. t.); munia, um, n. (acts of duty, obligations). — officium (like the preceding, that wch one has to do) — partes (the share or part of a duty or obligation imposed on any one, oue's own sphere of action). — provincia (that uch is conferred on any one, esply a public o.). — sors (that wch has fallen to any one by lot). — locus (a definite position). — magis- tratus (the o. of a magistrate ; opp. imperium, command in war). — honos (an o. of honour). An honorable o., munus magnificum, dignitas, honos : a public o., officium publicum: a civic o., officium civile: an im- portant o., munus amplum or grave (opp. munus ex- iguum, vile, servile, sordidum): to seek an o., petere honores, ambire magistratum ; (earnestly) inservire or operam dare honoribus : to obtain an o., munus ci de- fertur, mandatur, muneri praeficior: to enter upon an o., munus or magistratum inire, munus suscipere, pro- vinciam capere or accipere: to bear, hold, or administer an o., munus obire, sustinere, munere fungi, magistra- tum gerere, potestatem gerere or potestati praeesse (of a consul or praetor) : to perform one's o. well, implere officii sui partes, colere et facere officium suum, laute administrare munus suuin : to have filled all o.'s in the state, omnibus honoribus et reipublicae muneribus per- functum esse : to undertake or discharge the o. of any one, suscipere officia et partes cs : to discharge one's o. badly, male administrare munus suum : to confer an o. on any one, munus ci deferre, mandare, assignare : to hold o., munus habere, sustinere : to hold no o., vacare munere, vacare a publico munere et officio, or ab omni reipublicae administratione : to refme or decline an o., munus deprecari or recusare ; munus defugere (to shun): to succeed to aby's o., partes cs sibi sumere, munus cs occupare: this is my o., hoc meum est : this is not your o., has non sunt tuae partes, hoc a te non ex- igitur: in virtue of my o., pro auctoritate : robe of o., vestis forensis: seal of o., praefecturae signum : when he was in o., dum functus est munere : air of o., potes- tatis persona (of a governor ; T. Agr. 9, 3) ; gravitas censoria, supercilium censorium (severity, sternness; C. Cat. 15, 35 ; Val. Max. 2, 9, prcef): to put on an air of o., vultum componere (Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 3): out of o , a) gen., that holds no o., privatus, qui ab omni reipubli- cae administratione vacat ; b)retired or removed from o., a munere remotus; cui munus abrogatum est. {[Place of business, sedes praefecturae (where business is transacted) ; domus, quae ad habitandum semper datur ei qui quaesitoris obtinet munus (official residence). OFFICER, || Civil, munere qo fungens; muneri ci praefectus, praepositus ; qui curam sustinet cs muneris (aft. C). If = magistrate, magistratus ; or Crcl., qui potestatem gerit in republica; qui versatur cum potes- tate in rep. (^^° Under the later emperors we find officiales; Ammian.) || Military, dux (£.), prae- fectus militum (Cces.) ; ductor ordinum (L.). The. o.'s, praefecti militum (Cces.) ; praefecti et tribuni militares (C): the superior o.'s, primorum ordinum centuriones: superior and inferior o.'s, omnium ordinum centu- riones (Cces. B. G. 1, 40). || Naval, praetectus classis (admiral) or navis (captain) ; centurio classiarius ( T.) : naval o.'s, classiarii duces. OFFICIAL, adj. quod ad munus or officium perti- net; quod cum munere conjunctum est; quod munus fert. To make an o. report, publice scribere de qa re ; referre qd ad qm (C.) : to make an o. return, publice nunciare qd; publice perscribere qm rem (C): an o. account or document, literae publicae ; literae publice missas : an o residence, sedes praefecti or praefecturae. OFFICIAL, s. See Officer. OFFICIALLY, publice ; publica auctoritate. OFFICIATE, (In public worship) sacra facere, obire, curare, colere; rem divinam facere (C); rebus divinis operam dare ; res divinas rite perpetrare (L.). OFFICIOUS, molestus. ggjp° Officiosus has a good sense ; courteous, obliging. OFFICIOUSLY, moleste. (officiose only in a good sense.) OFFICIOUSNESS, (nimis) officiosa sedulitas (H.). OFEING, mare. In the o., ad mare versum (Hirt.). OFFSCOURING, Fig.) Of persons, purga- OFF mentum ; sentina ; quisquiliae. — Tace tu, quem ego esse puto infra infimos homines {among the o. of the people; Tcr.). OFFSET, permen ; surculus. OFFSPRING, prosapia; posteritas (the former an antiquated and solemn expression, only used of ancient families; offspring collectively). — progenies (a somewhat select expression, prop, used collectively, but also of one or more). — stirps (somewhat poet, in this sense, but also used by L. and T.). Jn. stirps et progenies (T.). — proles; suboles (poet, speaking of children as fruits: proles as a new race, to exist with their parents ; suboles as an aftergrowth, to supply their places. DM.). Maleo., stirps virilis (L.); virilis sexus stirps : to leave any o., stirpem relinquere ; ex se natos (sc. filios) relinquere : to leave no male o., virilem sexum non relinquere. OFT; OFTEN, OFTTIMES, saepe, sjepe numero (often, opp. semel, nonnunquam, semper, like no\\d- kis). — crebro, frequenter (opp. raro : crebro often, and in quick succession, and rather too often ; frequenter of a subject or agent). — compluries (several times ; not pluries, wh is only a conjecture, Cces. B. C. 1, 79). — multum (much, many times). — non raro (not seldom). [Igggp Mul- toties is very late.] Also by the adj. frequens when a person is the agent, but not when a thing is spoken of (hence ille frequens est nobiscum ; illi frequentes An- t onii domum ventitant ; frequens aderat in senatu ; JgggT but not hsec sententia veteribus frequens comme- moratur). Also by solere and frequentative verbs ; e. g. I o. do this, soleo qd facere : to read o., lectitare : to visit o., frequentare: more o., saepius, crebrius: very o., persaepe, saepissime: too o., nimium saepe : saepius justo: how often, quam saepe; quoties : so o., tarn saepe ; toties : as o. as, quoties ; quotiescumque. OGLE, s. by oculi fatentes ignem (O.) or *amorem. OGLE, v. oculis fatentibus ignem (better amorem in prose) spectare qm (aft. 0. A. A. 1, 573). To o. one another with stolen glances, prps (fm context) furtim inter se aspicere. OH, oh! (of internal emotion). — pro! or proh! (of astonishment and lamentation).— hem ! (usually de- noting astonishment). The interjections are mly fol- lowed by an ace. (rarely by a dat.), oh ! good heavens! proh dii immortales ! deos immortales ! pro Deum fidem ! me miserum ! oh that ! o si ! o utinam ! or simply utinam ! Followed by a subjunctive present, im- perf. or plusquam-perfect ; but with this difference, that the present is used to denote the earnest desire of the party wishing, while the imperf. and plusquam-perf. imply a condition or doubt; e. g. utinam veniat, / (earnestly) wish he may come ; utinam veniret, I wish (it were possible that) he might come. OIL, s. oleum (g. t. ; but properly, olive o). — olivum, oleum olivarum (olive o.) : pure, sweet, clear o., oleum purum (Cat.); mundum (Pall.) ; liquidum, optimum, non insuavis odoris, egregii saporis (Col): old, bad, rancid o., ol. vetus (Col.); corruptum (Cces.); sordi- dum (Pall.) : to press o., oleum facere : to add o. to the flame, oleum addere camino (H. Sat. 2, 3, 321): to supply a lamp with o., oleum lumini instillare : of or belonging to o., olearius : dregs of o., faeces (pi.); amurca (impurities in pressing) : an o. painting, imago oleatis pigmentis picta ; pictura pigmentis oleatis facta: an o. cask, dolium olearium : the smell of o., odor olei; odor oleaceus (like o.): the taste of o., sapor olei; sapor oleaceus (like o.). OIL, v. oleo unguere (H. Sat.); oleo perfundere qd (r.). OILMAN, olearius: a wholesale o., mercator olea- rius (Pand.). OILY, oleosus (full of or covered with oil). — olea- ceus (of the nature of oil). OINTMENT, unguentum: a sweet-smelling o., un- guentum summa et acerrima suavitate conditum (C.) : o. for the eyes, collyrium : to anoint with o., unguentis qd oblinere, ungere : to smell of o., unguenta olere (Plaut.) ; unguentis fragrare (to smell strongly, Suet. Vesp. 8). OLD, || That has existed or lasted a long time, not new, fyc, vetus (refers simply to the length of tim», and denotes oldness sts as a commendation, sis as blame; opp. novus, new, that has lately sprung up) — vetustus {become o., refers to the advantage of age, and is said of that wch has gained a good quality by age, that has grown stronger, more noble or excellent. The comparative vetustior is used also as comparative to vetus).— vetulus (of persons, somewhat advanced in years, in the decline of life ; implying disparagement). — veteratus, more cwty in veteratus (inveterate, fast-rooted, e. g. veteratus ulcus ; inveteratum malum ; jam inve- 73 OLD terata amicitia). — antiquus: very o. perantiquus (that was or existed in bygone times, also ancient; opp. recens). — Jn. vetus et antiquus ; priscus (very ancient, frequently wi th th e notion of sacredness or venerable character. H^p" Cascus has the same signification, but is not found in Class, prose). — Jn. priscus et vetustus ; vetus et priscus; priscus et antiquus; pristinus (former). — antique artificio factus, antiqui operis (of an o. work of art). — obsoletus (not new, worn out, gone out of fashion).— Jn. antiquus et obsoletus ; ruinosus (ready to fall, ruinous). — Comparative Older, Elder, prior; superior ; e. g. Dionysius the elder, Dionysius superior (see Ochs. C. Eel. p. 63) : the oldest letter, anuquissima epistola : an o. soldier, veteranus miles, or simply vete- ranus, miles exercitatus et vetus (opp. tiro miles or miles rudis et inexercitatus). — miles militia confectus or fractus (aninvalid) : an o. poet, friend, poeta, amicus vetus : an o. general, imperator vetus : an o. family, genus antiquum : o. custom or usage, mos majorum or superiorum : this is an o. custom, mos hie a patribus acceptus : o. institutions, Vetera et prisca instituta : an o. constitution (of state), prisca reipublicae forma: a man of the old stamp, priscae probitatis et fidei ex- emplar; homo antiqua virtute etfide; homo antiquis moribus : an o. story, historia vetus et antiqua : the good o. times, vetus or prior astas : the o. world, olden times, antiquitas, veteres, antiqui or prisci homines : o. writers, veteres and (opp. to later writers) vetustiores scriptores : to put athg on its old footing, in pristinum restituere : to leave all things in their o. state or condi- tion, omnia integra servare : to growo., vetustescere (of things wch improve by age). — veterascere, senescere (of things wch spcil by age). — inveterascere (to fall under the right of prescription, to become superannuated). — inveterari (to become rooted, or established). See also Ancient. \\Of a good age, esply of persons, grandis ; grandior (in years, with or without natu). — senex (an o. man fm sixty; with accessory notion of respect; never as a feminine). — aetate gravis; pergrandis natu, exacts jam aetatis (very o.). — decrepitus, aetate or senio confectus (o. and weak, decrepit) : an o. man, senex, homo aetate grandior: o. fellow! mi vetule! (in pity or sorrow): o. fool! stulte! silicernium (Ter. Andr. 4, 3, 34 ; a term of reproach ; of an o. man that bends over his staff, and as it were looks at the stones or pebbles in the road) : like an o. man, seniliter : an o. woman, an o. maid, vetula (rather implying contempt). anus, anicula (implying either respect or contempt) : like an o. woman, aniliter : the o., senes (opp. pueri and adolescentes).— parentes (opp. liberi; also of birds). — Older, comparative, major natu (opp. minor natu) ; also simply major. — The Oldest, superl. maximus natu : the oldest of the children, vetustissimus libero- rum (T. Ann. 2, 2, 1): the oldest of the slock, stirpis maximus : the oldest of our contemporaries, vetustissi- mus ex iis qui vivunt : to grow o., senescere. || That has a certain age, that has lived so many years, with the verb 'to be' may be expressed by natum esse followed by an ace. of the years, or simply by esse followed by a gen. of the years, and ' to be old ' may be expressed by vixisse, confecisse, complevisse followed by the number of years in the ace. ; e. g. he is nineteen years o., decern etnovem annos natus est; or, decern et novem annorum est : he is ninety years o., nonaginta annos vixit, confecit, complevit : to be more than forty years o., quadragesimum annum excessisse, egressum esse : to be not yet twenty years o., minorem esse viginti annis (or annos) : to be as o. as aby, aequa- lem esse ci: to be older than aby, ci aetate anteire, ante- cedere, praecurrere qm aetate: he was so many years older than myself, totidem annis mihi aetate praestabat : how o. do you consider me to be? quid aetatis tibi videor? OLD AGE, senecta (poet., o.-a., indifferently ; merely as a period of life). — senectus (o.-a., as deserving re- spect). — senium (o.-a., as a time of infirmity, decay, fyc.). — senilis aetas (whether with ref. to the weakness or to the experience of age : poet, senecta). — aetas extrema or exacta; summa senectus (extreme o.-a.).— aetas decre- pita (decrepitude). — vetustas (great age and consequent goodness of a thing long kept ; e. g. of wine, fruits, fyc). — A green o.-a., cruda ac viridis senectus (P.): the approach of o.-a., senectus adventans et urgens : to live to or attain o.-a., senectutem adipisci, ad senectutem adipisci, ad senectutem venire; to extreme o.-a., ad summam senectutem vivere or venire (C). O.-a. gives experience, sen's venit usus ab annis (O.) : to die in a good o.-a., senectute diem obire supremum ; ex- acta aetate mori : to die of o.-a., qm senectus dissolvit: to be worn t with o -a., eetate or senio confectuna OLD esse: to make provisions agst o.-a., senectuti subsidium parare. OLD-FASHIONED, obsoletus; exoletus ; Jn. anti- quus et obsoletus : in an o.-f. manner, veterum or priscorum more (modo): to dress in an o.-f. style, pat rum amictum imitari. OLDEN, priscus; vetustus ; antiquus: in o.-times, olim (>n times gone by; opp. nunc).— quondam (in former times, formerly). OLFACTORY, narium (gen. pi.); ad nares per- tinens ($g^°not olfactorius; but Plin. has olfactorium, a nosegay). OLIGARCHICAL, by Crcl. with subst. ; e. g. post- quam respublica in paucoruin jus atque ditionem con- cessit (had assumed an o. form, S. Cat. 20, 4): to be under o. government, to have an o. constitution, a sin- gulis teneri, paucoium potestate regi; paucorum arbi- trio belli domique agitari : a person of o. views, pauco- rum potential amicus (Np. Ale. 5, 3). OLIGARCHY, \\As a form of government, paucorum potentia (S. Cat. 79, 1); or paucorum po- testas; paucorum dominatio (Freinsh. Suppl. Curt.); tyrannis factiosa. paucorum administratio civitatis (C. de Rep. 1, 28). || A friend of the oligarchy, pau- corum potential amicus; *paucorum dominationi favens, studens : the constitution of the state is an o., paucorum arbitrio belli domique respublica agitatur. \\A state under this form, respublica quae a sin- gulis tenetur (C. Div. 2, 2, 6); respublica, quae pau- corum potestate regitur; respublica quae in pauco- rum jus ac ditionem concessit: the rulers or leaders of an o., pauci potentes (S.); *pauci potentes viri civitatem, rempublicam, administrates. OLIVE, olea, oliva (tree or fruit): o.-gathering, olivitas (Col.): an o.-branch, ramus olivae; virgula oleagina (very small, Np.) : o.-yard, olivetum. OLYMPIAD, olympias, adis : reckoning by o.'s, ♦olympiadum ratio : to reckon by o.'s, *annos ex olym- piadum ration e numerare. OMELET, «placenta ex ovis cocta. — lagKnum (was tome cake of meal and oil, H. Cels.). OMEN, signum, indicium (a mark).— ostentum, prodigium, portentum (a remarkable appearance ; os- tentum, g. t. an unusual appearance having ref. to the future; prodigium and portentum, of prodigies having ref. to the distant future, esply to coming cala- mities ; prodigium, any extraordinary appearance of nature; portentum, athg foretelling). — omen (athg seen or heard accidentally, by wch good or evil is foreboded). — augurium (a sign of things future fm the flight of birds) : a good o., omen bonum, dextrum, secundum, faustum: a bad or evil o., omen triste, fcedum, funes- tum : to accept, or be satisfied with an o., omen acci- pere ; placet omen. OMINOUS, ominosus (Plin.). To be o., omen habere. OMISSION, Usually by the verbs ; omissio ; praeter- missio (praeteritio not till Cod. Just.): o. for a time, intermissio (e. g. officii) : the o. of connective particles, dissolutio (in Rhet. == diaXvo-t?) : sin of o., delictum (opp. peccatum, sin of commission). OMIT, omittere (not to continue what is begun). — praetermittere (to neglect).— intermittere (to leave off for a time) qd; intermissionem cs rei facere (C): to o. to do athg, omittere qd facere (C.) ; supersedere qd agere (L.) ; praetermittere qd facere (Np.): to o. to say, praetermittere qd dicere (C.) : I must not o. to thank, to congratulate you, facere non possum, a me impetrare non possum, quin tibi gratias agam, gratuler; non praetermittendum putavi, quin tibi &c. : to o. a duty, officium praetermittere ; intermissionem officii facere ; deesse, non satisfacere officio : to o. (= make no men- tion of) athg, praeterire ; silentio prseterire. OMNIPOTENCE, omnipotentia (Macrob.) ; *po- tentia omnibus in rebus maxima : the o. of God, prae- p5tens Dei natura. OMNIPOTENT, cujusnumini parent omnia ; rerum omnium praepotens : God is o., nihfl est, quod Deus efficere non possit (|f3gp°omnipotens, poet.). OMNIPRESENCE (omnipraesentia, Eccl.). By Crcl. e. g. to be sensible of the o. of the Deity, *praesentis numinis vim et impulsum sentire. OMNIPRESENT, *omnibus locis praesens. OMNISCIENCE, (omniscientia, Eccl.).— omnium rerum scientia cognitioque. OMNISCIENT, omnia providens atque animad- vertens (C. N. D. 1, 20, 54); cujus notitiam nulla res effugit (aft. C. ib.); *qui eventura novit omnia, ac velut praesentia contemplatur. i OMO PLATE, scapula; usually pi. scapulae. n ONE ON, prep. H (Of place or situation), to the ques* tion 'where?' in, with a bl., e. g. to place on the table, ponere in mensa ($gjj§T not mensam, because the idea of rest is already included in ponere, according to the Roman conception of the word). — super with abl. (of a surface on wch athg is). — ad (near; e. g. ad Tiberim habere hortos, on the Tiber). — In many cases where we think of a thing as at rest, the Romans fix on the pre- vious direction and motion, and hence our 'on' is to be rendered by ex, de, also by a>(ab),; e. g. on a march or journey ; ex itinere (also in itinere ; yet with this differ- ence, that in itinere = during the march, ex itinere = from the march, so that it was uninterrupted for some lime; see Held, Cces. B. C. 1, 24): on the right, on the left, a dextra, ab laeva : on the side, a latere: to fight on the walls, de mcenibus pugnare: 'On' is expressed by the abl. alone, a) with substantives of place ; e: g. to post armed men on the walls, muris armatos disponere (see Held, Cces. B. C. 1, 21). b) in expressing a means and instrument which in Latin is already within the relation of the abl. case ; as to ride on a horse, equo vebi : to blow on a pipe, tibiis canere : c) when the Latin preposition is already expressed in a compound verb ; as, to sit on horseback, equo insidere. Observe also the following turns of expression : on the platform, pro rostris ; pro suggestu (see Zumpt, § 311) : on the spot, e vestigio ; statim ; confestim (immedi- ately) : on the ground, humi d^g"in humum only in poetry) : on all sides, quoquoversus : to hang on a tree, pendere ex arbore : on your authority, tua auctoritate ; te auctore : on this condition, hac lege or conditione : to be on any one's side, stare, facere, sentire, esse ab qo. || (Of time), to the question ' when V by the simple abl. : on the fourth day, quarto die : on the day, die : on the morning, mane : sometimes employ quum ; as, on the day that I thanked you, eo die, quum tibi gratias agerem. With a definite term or point of time at wch athg is to take place, ad is used; e. g. to appear on a (fixed) day, ad diem convenire. ONCE, || An adverb of time, one time, semel: o. one is one, unitas semel posira" unitatem facit : o. for all, semel (e. g. ut semel dicam, see Spald. Q. 5, 13, 3) : o. more, iterum (of an action repeated). — denuo, de novo (anew, afresh) : o. already, semel jam : o., or at least not often, semel aut non saepe certe : more than o., seepius ; plus semel, plus quam semel ($*g> Krebs says that plus quam semel, plus semel, do not occur ; but they do occur, yet perhaps only in negative sen- tences; e. g. uterque — non plus quam semel elo- quetur, C. Off. 3, 16, 51 ; Lucullus puer apud patrem nun quam lautum convivium vidit, in quo plus semel Graecum vinum daretur, Varr. ap. Plin. 1, 14; id ille non plus quam semel usu.rpare sustinuit, Fell. 2, 40; 8|gjp°plus vice simplici is poet.) : o. and again, semel atque iterum (Cces.); semel iterumque; semel et saepius (C); non semel (i. e. not once only): o. a year, semel in anno: not o., non semel; ne semel quidem: at o., repente, subito (suddenly). — simul (at the same time; see L. 6, 4). — una (together)^ to do two things at o., de eadem fidelia duoa^a- rietes dealbare (Curio -ap. C. Ep. 7, 29, extr.) : all at o., omnes simul (all together). — omnes universi (all takenjogether) : one at o., singuli, unus post alterum (each one singly, one after the other, with several in succession). At once may also be expressed by the use of distributive numerals; e. g. not more than three at o , non amplius quam terna : o. for all, semel : but o., never but o., semel adhuc; semel unquam : o. and again, o.— then, semel— iterum ; semel— deinde. \\As an adverb of time, aliquando and (after the particle ne or si) simply quando (at one time, at some time or other, of time past or future wch one does not specify more closely; opp. nunquam). — quondam (o., o. in time past, the nearer definition of wch is of no con- cern; opp. nunc; as, that virtue o. existed in this state, fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac republica, virtus). — olim (o., in time past, or in time to come ; opp. nunc, nuper ; hence the proper word in fables and narratives) : if o., si quando, and simply quando quandoque (in case that o., #c). — quum (then, when; see C. Cat. Maj. 10, 34) : !gg|p° ' For o.' may sts (in entreaties, #e.) be translated by obsecro, quaeso (pray): put yourself for o. in my place, fac, quaeso. qui ego sum, esse te : o. upon a time, olim (flgg^T Semel as an adverb of time belongs for the most part, according to Bremi Np. Att. 15, 2, to the later period). ONE, adj. || Opp. to two or more, unus (used also for unicus and idem ; necessarily in the plural with substantives wch have no singular). — unicus (single one, one and more). — idem (when several actions or ONE circumstances are to be referred to the same subject). — alter (erepos, of things wch exist only in pairs ; e. g. altero pede claudus) : to become one of several, unum fieri ex pluribus : / will still observe one thing, unum illud addam : that is not a matter for one man, illud in unius hominis prudentiam cadere non potest (Col. 5, 1, 1) : this one thing disturbs me, that fyc., me una haec res torquet, quod &c. : the gods have not given every thing to one man, non omnia eidem dii dederunt ; in one word, uno verbo [if only one word follows; see C. Phil. 2, 22, 54). — ut paucis dicam {if only a few words follow) : in onetenour, continenter [without interruption ; HggTcon- tinuo is wrong). — usque (continually). — uno tenore (in one course) : not one, ne unus quidem, non ullus, nemo unus (not even a single one). — non unus, unus et alter item, nonnemo (not one, but several): no one of us, nemo de nobis unus : not one of them, ii nulli : never a one, nnmquam ullus : one and another, unus et alter ; unus alterque (two together). — nonnemo, unus et item alter (several) : one after the other, alius post alium, alius ex alio, alii super alios, alius atque alius, alius subinde (g. t.). — alter post alterum (of two). — deinceps (in uninterrupted succession, of space, time, and order : it is usually placed between the substantive and predi- cate or pronoun; e. g. horum deinceps annorum). — continenter (only before and after the class, period). — continue (continually, without intermission ; not to be confounded with continuo = immediately thereupon without interruption. — The Latin also expresses it by continuus = following one another ; e. g. triduum con- tinuum ; dies continuos tres ; singuli deinceps (each one successively). — alternis (of two, alternately ; e. g. alternis [sc. versibus] dicere ; alternis versibus con- tendere) : one as well as the other, uterque pariter, ambo pariter (both equally) : the one ... the other, alter (rarely unus) ... alter; hie ... ille (this ... that). — prior ... posterior (the former ... the latter) : the one (party) ... the others, alii .. alii ; alii ... pars (or partim) : pars ... alii ; quidam ... alii : the one (parly) ... the other ... others again, alii ... alii (or partim) ... alii (and thus alii alter- nately with partim, eight times in C. N. D. 2, 47, 122) : one ... to the other, or the other (ace), alter ... alteri or alterum (of two). — alius ... alii or alium (of several; e. g. one helps the other, alter alterum or alius alium adjuvat). — If however 'other' be connected with a sub- stantive, the substantive is repeated in Latin; e.g. to remove fm one house to another, ex domo in domum mi- grare : one citizen obeys the other, civis civi paret : one hand washes the other, manus manum lavat or fricat : one fears the other, timent inter se: happy at one time, unhappy at another, alias beatus, alias miser : the one this ... the other that, alius aliud; alii alia: the one so, the other differently, alius aliter: one here, another there, alius alibi : one hither, another thither, alius alio : one time so, another time differently, aliud alias : both the one party and the other are threatened with dangers, butfm different quarters, aliis aliunde est periculum. — // 'one' refer to a substantive previously mentioned, it is rendered by unus (opp. to two or more) or qs (if indefinite): as, there were several elephants there; have you seen one? plures aderant elephanti; num unum vidisti ? here are your books ; have you read one of theml hie sunt tui libri; num qm ex iis legisti? — If by ' one' an individual is emphatically denoted and singled out f in a multitude, unus is used, usually with the preposition ex or de, or the meaning is expressed by a simple ex or inter ; as, there was among them one of the Nervians, named Verticus, erat intus unus Nervius, nomine Vertico : Fufius, one of my intimate friends, Fufius, unus ex meis intimis : to command one of the chief leaders of sedition to be taken away, abripi unum insignem ducem sedition um jubere : the leader himself, one of the most rash and daring, dux ipse inter stolidissimos ferocissimosque. || To denote agreement, concourse, fyc, one and the same, unus, idem; Jn. unus atque idem; unusidemque; e.g. at one time (to do several things, 8fc.)\ uno or eodem tempore; uno eodemque tempore: it is all one, idem est, par est (see C. Muren. 19, 41): if followed by 'whether ... or,' nihil interest utrum ... an (see C. Rose. Am. 41, 120): it is not one and the same thing, to rob and to fight, aliud est rapere, aliud pugnare (L. 1, 12. cf. C. Ccel. 3, 6). \\In denoting time, and (more rarely) me as ur e, unus is usually omitted, unless an opposition of a greater number be implied ; e. g. the matrons mourned for Brutus one whole year, as for a father, matronae annum, ut pa- rentem, Brutum luxerunt : not more than one bushel, non plus modio : it seemed to be all one blaze, omnia velut continenti flamma ardtre visa (Curt. 3, 8, 18; of. Hirt. B. G. H, 15, extr.). \\One and a half, 75 ONE unus dimidlatusque ; sesquialter. The Latin forms many compounds with sesqui; e. g. a foot and a haty in length, sesquipedalis : an inch and a half, sesqui- digitus : of an inch and a half in length, sesquidigi- talis : a pound and a half, sesquilibra: a bushel and a half, sesquimodius : an acre and a half, sesquijuge- rum : an hour and a half, sesquihora : a month and a half, sesquimensis : to be a month and a half old, sesquimense esse natu : a day and a half's work, ses- quiopera: one year and a half, sex mensium et anni spatium (Georges) ; unus annus cum dimidio, or et sex menses (Kraft). ONE, pron. indef. \\ Denoting an indefinite indi- vidual out of a definite number, anyone, aliquis ; unus aliquis (emphatically implying that the individual is only one); e. g. one of you, qs ex 'vobis: one of the early kings, qs priorum regum : one of yours, unus qs ex tuis : one of the party, vir factionis. — If = a certain one, a definite individual, whom one may not, or will not name, quidam ; as, one of the colleagues, quidam de collegis. — But if ' one' is = any one, i. e. denotes an indefinite individual out of an indefinite number, we find quispiam, also aliquis ; e. g. one may perhaps say, for- sitan quispiam dixerit ; dixerit hie qs (poet.) : one will prps call me unjust, iniquum me esse quispiam dicet: one will say prps, dicet qs forte. — Uglf" a) after si, nisi, ne, num, quando, ubi, and generally, in conditional pro- positions, also without the conjunction, quis must be used instead of qs or quispiam ; as, if any one has once sworn falsely, no credit should afterwards be given to him, ubi semel quis pejeraverit, ei postea credi non oportet : b) In negative propositions, and in such as contain a negitive sense, (any) 'one' is expressed by quisquam (substantively) and ullus (adjectively) ; e. g. is there among men any one of whom you think better ? estne quis- quam omnium mortalium, de quo melius existimes tu ? is there one thing of so much worth, or one thing so desirable, that fyc, an est ulla res tanti, aut commo- dum ullum tarn expetendum, ut &c. : just as good ... as (any) one, tam ... quam qui maxime ; e. g. I am as good a patriot as any one, tam sum amicus reipublicae, quam qui maxime: or by juxta ac (atque) #c. ; e. g. instructed in Greek and Roman literature as well as any one, Uteris Grsecis atque Latinis juxta ac doctissimo eruditus (i. e. as the most learned). Since however the pronouns do not express our 'one' in its full extent; we must frequently express the sense by other words or phraseology : a) by the passive ; 1) personally ; if one is guilty of a fault, si qua culpa committitur : one cannot live happily, except by living virtuously, non potest jucunde vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur : it is foolish for one to fear what cannot be avoided, stultum est timere id quod vitari non potest; 2) impersonally; one lives, vivitur : evening is coming on ; one must go home, jam advesperascit, domum revertendum est ; 3) by ablatives absolute; if one assumes this case, hoc posito. b) by the active; 1) the third person singular; a) of impersonal active verbs; e; g. one ought, oportet; one may, licet; 6) one says, inquit (parenthetically) ; e. g. it is impos- sible, says one, that all anger can be eradicated fm the mind, non potest, inquit, omnis ira ex animo tolli. 2) the first person plural, when the speaker includes himself under the unknown subject ; e. g. what one wishes one gladly believes, quae volumus, credimus libenter: 3) the second person singular indicative, subjunctive or impe- rative, in impassioned exhortations, demands, and state- ments; e. g. one does not see God, yet he may be recog- nized as God by his works, Deum non vides, tamen ut Deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus. Esply, the second person singular in the subjunctive, where we say, one can, might, would have; e. g. one might have seen, videres : one would have believed, putares; 4) the parlcp. present masc. in general propositions ; e. g. if one aims at the first place, it is commendable to attain to the second or third only, prima sequentem, honestum est in secundis et tertiis consistere. c) If the En- glish 'one' is in Latin the subject of the infin., it is not expressed separately; e. g. humanity requires that one pardon his friend, ignoscere amico humanum est. —But with the infin. esse, and with those verbs wch in the passive have two nominatives (of the subject and predicate), as, videri, fieri, existimari, we find, at least, the ace. of the predicate ; e. g. the greatest riches, is for one to be contented with his lot, maximae sunt divitiae, contentum suis rebus esse. ONE ANOTHER, alius alii or alium ; of two, alter, alteri or alterum (= one ...the other) r inter se, among or between themselves, is used when the predicate is referred only to the personality of a subject of the third person plural, named in the same clause, in the nom. or ace ONE ease, rarely in any other. Jlggr se inter se is not Latin ; tee Gernh. C. Lcel. 22, 82 ; Hand, Tursell. 3, p. 387, sq.). — inter ipsos {among themselves, when the predicate of a proposition is to be referred to such a subject exclu- sively, and in opposition to all others; the subject is then mentioned in the same clause, either in the gen., dat., or abl., or in the clause immediately preceding). — mutuo (mutually; |g^~Invicem here would be unclass., vicis- sim has a different meaning). — ultro et citro, nltro citroque, ultro citro (hither and thither, on both sides). ft^gf Ultro citro is probably post Aug. ; see Hand, Tursell. 2, p. 86, sqq.): they help one a., alter alte- ram adjuvat ; alius alii subsidium ferunt : they keep nothing fm one a., nihil quidquam secretum alter ab altero habet : they (two armies) did not observe one a., neutri alteros cernebant : they blamed one a., alius alium increpabant : to love one a., amare inter se; inter se diligere (,f}^"invicem or mutuo diligere not class. : vicissim diligere, formed by the moderns fm the misunderstood passage, C. Lcel. 9, 30, is wrong): we love one a., amamus inter nos (ffl^jTnot amamus nos inter nos) : to look at one a., to fear one a., 8fc, inter se aspicere, timere, &c. : to strike one a., alter alteram verberibus caedit (prop., with cudgels). — inter se confligere (fig., of battle) : to be at variance with one a., inter se discordare, dissifiere, dissentire : to kiss one a., mutua dare oscula : to kiss and embrace one a., osculari et amplexari inter se (Plaut. Mil. Glor. 5, 40) : to render services to one a., officiis mutuo respon- dere ; to eat one a., mutua came inter se vesci : to meet one a., sibi occurrere or obviam fieri : to shoiv kindness to one a., ultro citroque beneficia dare et accipere : to send messengers to one a., nuncios ultro citroque mittere. ONE-EYED, luscus, codes (born with one eye). — altero oculo captus or orbus (that has lost one eye). — altero lumine orbus (Plin. 35, 10, 36). — unoculus (g. t. one-e. ; mostly in Com. writers. $#jgT Avoid the later compound monoculus). — unum oculum in media fronte habens; uno oculo in media fronte insignis (having one eye in the middle of the forehead ; of the Cyclopes). ONE-HANDED, unimanus. — altera manu orbus (aft. Plin. 35, 10, 36, altero lumine orbus). ONE-HORSE CARRIAGE, *currus uni equo jun- gendus or junctus ; *currus ab uno equo vehendus or vectus. ONE-SIDED, Propr.) unum latus habens. Fig.) non Justus : to decide fm ones, evidence, parte inaudita altera statuere : to form a ones, judgement on a matter, rem non ab omni parte ponderare : to treat a subject in a o.-s. manner, leviter attingere. ONEROUS. See Burdensome. ONLY, \\ Denoting limitation or restric- tion, modo (subjective, denoting that one who speaks or thinks on a matter restricts it in his own mind to a certain case, or within certain limits). — tantum (prop., so much and no more, implies that the term wch it qua- lifies bears the relation of the less to a greater, or of a part to a whole, to wch it stands opposed). — solum (o., merely ; restricts to a certain case or object, in contra- distinction to all others). — tantummodo (o. in so far as; restricts more strongly than tantum or modo, approxi- mating to the meaning sts of the former, sts of the latter: jgggT Avoid solummodo, wch is very rare, and not found at all in the best prose). — non ... nisi (= ' not except under the condition specified;' hence not used of num- bers, g^p" In the best prose nisi is prefixed to the con- dition, and the non [for wch some other negative, neque, nihil, numquam, may stand] to the verb ; e. g. it is o. by an artist that art can be understood, ars intelligi nisi ab artifice non potest : he dreads o. a witness and a judge, nihil timet nisi testem et judicem). — dumtaxat (= dum taxat qs, ' strictly speaking,' restricting a sen- timent by some special reference ; often preceded by sed). — nihil aliud quam, quid aliud quam, nihil aliud prae- terquam (= 'he only % c.,' 'he did nothing but $c.,' a tense of facere being omitted; e. g. he o. sleeps, nihil aliud quam dormltat : see Zumpt, § 771 ; but J|<£p° this is peculiar to the style of the later historians). — The fore- going words and phrases are used when the restriction re- lates only to an action or a state ; but when ' only ' refers to a subject or object wch it separates fm all others, we find solus or unus, e. g. it is o. man who is endued with reason, solus homo ratione praeditus est : / have seen o. you, te unum vidi : it is o. wisdom that fyc, sapientia est una quae &c. : / o. have seen, ego solum or unus vidi (but, I have o. heard, not seen, it, haec audivi tantum, non vidi) : not o. ... but also, non modo ... sed etiam or verum etiam (proceeding usually fm the less to the greater, or fm the weaker to the stronger).— non 76 OPE tantum or non tantum modo ... sed etiam (fm the greater to the less = 'not only, but even'). — non solum ... sed etiam (leaving it undetermined wch is the greater). — et ... et (as well ... as).— We sts find non modo ... sed or verum; non tantum (or tantummodo) ... sed or verum ; non solum ... sed (without an et or etiam: the second clause is then the stronger, the other being, as it were, put aside; see Pr. Introd. ii. 504: the second clause may sts be strengthened by transposition ; e. g. Dii quoque, non solum homines) : noto. not ... but not even, non modo non ... sed ne ... quidem (||||r where observe, if both clauses are affected by the same verb, expressed in the second clause, the non after modo is omitted, its place being supplied by the ne in the second clause, since ne ... quidem is = etiam non ; e. g. talis vir non modo facere, sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit quod non honestum sit. But if the negative is contained in a negative word, such as 'none, never,' %c, then the word nemo, nullus, nihil, numquam, &c, must be retained ; e g. quod non modo Siculus nemo, sed ne Sicilia quidem tota potuisset; cf. Zumpt § 724, b).— o. in so far, that, duntaxat bactenus, ut : o. so much, or so fur, as, tantum ... quantum (seeC. Eel. p. 121. Herz. Cces. B. G. 2, 8). || Expressing a condition, modo ; e. g. I will speak, o. do you hear, loquar, modo audi: o. that, modo ut &c, or modo with the subjunc- tive; if o., dummodo; or dum with the subjunctive : if o. not, dumne; dummodo ne with the subjunctive. || Expressing a wish, will, or permission, modo. — quaeso (175 a parenthesis, I pray) : o. let me, sine modo : o. wait, mane modo : o. begone, abi modo : 0. not, modo ne ; e. g modo ne redeat : in addressing persons, with the language of vehement deprecation, or earnest warning, this may be rendered by noli with an infin., or by fac ne, or (in warnings) cave, with the subjunctive. ONSET, ONSLAUGHT, petitio (act of aiming at). — impetus, incursio. incursus : to make an 0. on aby, 1) propr. adoriri, aggredi qm. impetum facere or invadere in qm. incurrere or incursare in qm. op- pugnare or impugnare (qm). 2) fig., with words, dicto or convicio incessere, lacessere, insectari, consectari, adoriri qm (g. t.). — (acriter) invehi in qm (inveigh agst) ; petere qm. ONWARD, protinus; prorsus : 0.! perge ; (pi.) pergite! move te ocius! noli morari: to move o., prorsus cedere, abire (propr.), procedere (fig.). ONYX, onyx (Plin.). OOZE, v. exire. — emanare {to flow or well forth; sub platano umbrifera, fons unde emanat aquai, C. fm Horn. Divin. 2, 30: also fig., to be circulated abroad, in vulgus exire atque emanare). — stillare (ex or de re) or lente stillare (e. g. unde lente stillet aqua, Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 2). — destillare (ab or de re, e. g. lentum virus ab inguine, V. ; humor de capite): water o.'s out of the rocks, saxa sudant humore et guttis manantibus stillant (Lucr. 6, 944). OOZY, uliginosus. OPACITY, by the adjectives (Hgi^opacitas, shadi- ness, Col.). OPAL, opalus (Plin.). OPAQUE, non pellucidus, non translucidus. (gglT On no account opacus, wch = umbrosus, &c.) To be 0., non translucere ; lucem non transmittere. OPEN, adj. || Propr.) apertus, adapertus (opp. clau- sus, involutus). — patens (lying or standing o.). — pate- factus (thrown 0.). — propatulus (accessible on all sides). — Jk. patens et apertus ; apertus et propatulus. — purus (not covered with trees or other things). — expeditus (un- obstructed). — facilis (easy) : an o. plain, campus aper- tus (Cces.); patens (L ): the 0. sea (high sea), mare apertum (not shut in by the land, opp. mare conclusum, Cces.); also altum (the high seas, C). — *mare glacie solutum (freefm ice): (of the body) laxus, solutus (opp. astrictus ; suppressus) : to keep the body o., alvum mollire, elicere: an 0. door, fores apertae (Ter.); ada- pertae (L.) ; patentes (wide 0., C): an 0. letter, epistola non obsignata (unsealed). — aperta or resignata (that has been opened or unsealed). — epistola soluta or vin- culis laxatis (with ref. to the Roman custom of tying a thread round it) : o. eyes, oculi patentes : to stand with the mouth 0., ore hiante adstare: to receive one with 0. arms, Hbens ac supinis manibus qm excipere (Suet. Vitell. 7); libenti laetoque animo excipere qm (aft. C); suo complexu sinuque recipere (fig., C); to keep o. table, ci quotidie sic ccena coquitur, ut invocatis amicis una ccenare liceat (aft. Np. Cim. 4, 3). To be o., aper- tum esse, patere (also improp., as, ' his ears are o. to all complaints,' patent aures ejus querelis omnium). || Fig.) candid, ingenuous, apertus. — ingenuus.— OPE simplex. \\Not yet decided, nondum dijudicatus: to be an o. question, adhuc sub judice lis est (H.); adhuc de hac re apud judicem lis est {the former impropr., the latter propr., of a judicial question, Ascon. C. Verr. 1, 45) : to be left o., integrum relinqui or esse. OPEN, v. trans.) Propr.) aperire, adaperire {to remove whatever covers or conceals ; opp. operire, adoperire). — patefacere {to throw o., cause to stand o-) ; i., ordinem perturbare, immutare (C.); tenorem reruni interrumpere (L.): in o., compositus ; dispositus; ex- pedites: the o. of nature, constantia naturae. || Com- mand, precept, instruction, jussus, jussum (given by one who has or thinks he has a right to command). — auctoritas (opijiion or judgement of a superioi-). — im- periura (the command of a superior, a §er.crat s prince, ORD %c). — imperatum (that which is ordered or commanded). — prasceptum (an ordinance, arrangement). — mandatum (a commission, charge). — edictum (a public proclama- tion, ordinance).— decretum (a decree of the senate, of a consul, fyc). — plebiscitum (an ordinance of the Roman plebes, opp. populi jussum, i. e. of the whole people ; see Bremi Np. Arist. 1, 4) — rescriptum (the letter of a prince, as a command; ^^° post- Aug.): a written o., literae (e. g. Tiberius literas ad exercitum misit): a secret o., praeceptum arcanum: in obedience to aby's o., jussu or auctoritate cs ; jubente qo ; jussus ab qo ; a quo (e. g. Atheniensibus, a quibus profectus erat ; Np. Milt. 2, 3, Daehne) : without aby's o., injussu cs ; ab qo non jussus ; ultro (of one's own free will, opp cs jussu or jussus). — sua sponte (freely, from one's own impulse) : to act without o.'s, privato, non publico, consilio qd facere : to give o.'s, mandare ci qd (or followed by ut). — deferre, demandare ci qd (e. g. curam cs rei).— injun- gere ci qd (to lay athg upon one). — delegare ci qd(inthe best age, to transfer to another what we ought to do our- selves ; in the silver age also gen. ; see Herz. Hirt. B. G. 8, 22). — negotium ci dare (to lay an obligation on one; followed by ut) : to give o.'s respecting athg to aby, rem demandare ci, or transferre ad alterum : to fulfil or ex- ecute an o., jussum or imperatum facere ; mandata efneere, conficere, perficere, exsequi, persequi : to obey an o., cs praeceptum observare, curare ; cs dicto parere; audientem esse dicto or jussis cs ; imperio cs obtempe- rare; (promptly), quod qs imperavit impigre facere; (zealously), imperata enixe facere; (punctually), im- perata obedienter facere, praeceptum diligenter curare: to neglect or disobey an o., imperium aspernari, contem- nere ; imperium, mandatum negligere ; decreto non stare: to act contrary to o.'s, contra edictum facere: to exceed an o., mandatum excedere, egredi. || Means to an end; see Means: in order to, ad. || Rank, class, ordo; genus : of the lovjest o., infimi ordinis or generis : men of all o's, omnium ordinum homines. || Bod y of men, society, collegium, corpus (in modern Latin usually ordo or societas) : the equestrian o., ordo equestris; [Jg-J^r in his third edition Georges prefers classis turmalis for an o. of knighthood in our sense, ordo or regula never referring to a ' society.'] — to found an o , collegium or turmalem c\assem (of knights) constituere : to enter an o., collegio accedere ; *classi turmali ascribi : the brothers of a (religious) o., ejusdem corporis monachi (aft. L. 6, 34) : the rule of an o., *lex collegii or *classis turmalis: the dress of an o., vestis, quam monachi gerunt, or (of knights) quam equites gerunt (aft. Np. Dat. 3, 1) : the cross or riband of an o., *insigne or lemniscus classis turmalis : knights of the sameo., *ejusdem classis equites: to receive an o., "tur- malis classis insigni decorari (aft. L. 2, 6, 7): to wear an o., turmalis classis insignia gerere (aft. L. 45, 44, 19); *turmalis classis insignibus decoratum esse (aft. L. 2, 6, 7) : men of the same o., ejusdem corporis homi- nes (L. 5, 50): o. of the golden fleece, *classis turmalis velleris aurei: a religious o., *corpus or collegium mo- nacborum. || In architecture, ratio, mos. genus (Vitr.); e. g. the Doric a., Doricum columnarum genus; ratio Dorita; mos Doricus (Vitr.). || Orders, pi. in Eccl. sense, by Crcl. e. g. to take o.'s, be admitted to o.'s, *in ordinem clericorum recipi ; *consecrari ; *inaugu- rari : in o.'s, *(ritu sollemni) in ordinem clericorum receptus. ORDER, v. || To arrange, adjust, constituere (to fix or settle). — ordinare, componere (to arrange, esply fm a state of disorder).— dispensare (to arrange care- fully, regulate ; see Benecke, Justin 7, 6, 4). — describere {to divide, distribute duly; e. g. jura, rationem belli). — disponere (to put each individual into its proper place). || To command, jubere; imperare; praecipere; prae- scribere; mandare, &c. [Syn. and Constr. in Com- mand] ORDERLY, adj. \\ Regular, well-arranged, compositus; dispositus; descriptus. \\Fond of order, diligens. || Well conducted, moderatus; modestus; temperans. ORDERLY, s. (In military language) *mi'es qui duci est a mandatis ; *miles ad praefecti mandata exsequenda paratus. ORDINAL NUMBER, numerus ordinarius (Gramm.). ORDINARILY, fere (almost always).— vulgo (by nearly every body). — passim (in many different places). $§£T Not communiter. As it o. happens, ut tit: it o. happens so, sic fere fieri solet. ORDINARY, f! Common, communis; or by Crcl. with sclere, consuevisse, or assuevisse ; e. g. the o. ORD signs and (races of poison, quae indicia et vestigia esse solent veneni : as is o., ut solet ; ut assolet (as one is accustomed to do).— ut consuetudinem fert (ace. to cus- tom) : o. life, quotidianae vitae consuetudo : an o. man, unus e (de) multis; unus e vulgo. || Mean, low, popularis ; vulgaris; pervulgaris ; vulgatus, pervul- gatus, pervagatus; Jn. communis et pervagatus; ple- beius. [Syn. and Phrases in Common.] ORDINATION, || Appointment ; vid. H In eccl. reuse, *sollemnis consecratio, inauguratio, in- itiatio. To receive o., *consecrari, *inaugurari; *in ordinem clericorum recipi. ORDNANCE. See Artillery. ORDURE, stercus; coenum; oletum (human excre- ment). — merda (of animals). ORE, metallumj lapis aerosus (Plin.). ORGAN, \\ An instrument, instrumentum (C). || A musical instrument so called, 'organum pneumaticum. The o. plays, *sonat o. p. : to play well upon an o., o. p. scite tractare : the bellows of an o., *follis o. p. : o.-builder, *organorum pneumaticorum artifex, architectus : o.-building, *organorum pneu- maticorum construendorum ratio; *organopceia : pipe of an 0., *fistula organi pneumatici; also organon (Vitr.): the works of an o., *machina o. p. ORGANIC, by Crcl., e. g. organic substances, gig- nentia, nascentia, pi. (see Kritz. S. Jug. 79, 6). — ani- mantia. An o. defect or fault, vitium naturae; *vitium quod qs a natura habet. ORGANISM, natura et figura cs rei. ORGANIST, *organcedus. To be a good o., *perite organo pneumatico canere. ORGANIZATION, temperatio (see Kuhner, C. Tusc. I, 10, 21); of the body, corporis temperatio, or natura et figura corporis : corporeal and mental o., quum cor- poris, turn animi temperatura. By Crcl., the new o. of a school, gymnasii cs rationes de integro ordinatae (Eichst.): o. of a state, disciplina ac temperatio civi- tatis, or simply temperatio reipublicae (C). ORGANIZE, ordinare (to arrange). — constituere ; componere (to constitute). To o. a state, civitatis statum ordinare; rempublicam constituere or com- ponere, or legibus temperare : well-organized, bene constitutus, ordinatus, compositus : a well-organized state, civitas bene temperata, constituta(C) ; commode administrata (aft. C); civitas bonis legibus et institu- tis temperata (C. Tusc. 1, 1, 2); civitas, quae commodius rem suam publicam administrat (Cccs. B. G. 6, 20). ORGIES, orgia, pi. ORIENT, oriens. ORIENTAL, ad orientem (solem) spectans, ad ori- entem vergens (situate towards the east). — Asianus (belonging to Asia or the East). — Asiaticus (proper to or that has happened in Asia or the East). — or by the gen. Asiae (of Asia; e. g. oriental customs, Asiae mores). ggp° Orientalis is not Class. ORIFICE. See Opening. ORIGAN, *origanum (Linn.). ORIGIN, origo. ortus (of the place fm wch a thing comes). — primordia, pi. (primitive state or condition). — principium (beginning). — Fig., fons ; stirps ; caput; radices, pi. ; incunabula, pi. The second and third books treat of the o. of the Italian states, secundus et tertius liber continet unde quaeque civitas orta sit Italica (Np. Cat. 3, 3) : to have its o. in athg, originem a qo habere (Plin.), trahere (£.), ducere (if.) ; emanare ex qo fonte (C.) ; ortum, natum esse, proficisci ab qa re; gigni ex qa re. ORIGINAL, adj. || Primitive, principalis ; primus; antiquissimus(C); primiti vus (Priscian). The natural and o. meaning of a word, naturalis et principalis sig- nificatio vocabuli (Q. 9, 1, 4); ea verbi significatio, in qua natum est (Gell. 13, 29, 1): an o. piece, opus non aliunde expressum ; archetypum (Plin. Ep.) : an o. letter, chirographum (C. Fam. 12, 1,2); literae auto- graphae (Suet. Oct. 87); epistola autographa (ib. 71); *literae auctoris manu scriptae : o. documents, literae, tabulae, autographae (Suet.); tabulae authenticae (au- thentic; Ulp. Dig): to have made an o. discovery, per Be invenisse qd. || Peculiar, proprius ; singularis ; sui similis. An o. genius, ingenium plane singulare j ingenium illustre : he is a man of o. genius, plane sin- gulari ingenio excellit homo ille : o. sin, *vitiositas innata ; *pravitas insita. ORIGINAL, s. || Prop.) 1. Of a writing, archety- pum (Plin. Ep. 5, 10, 1 ; in C. Att. 16, 31, it is in Gr.); of a letter, exemplar (ft; opp exemplum, a copy); of a book, 8fc. = autograph, liber idiographus (Pand.); autographum (Symm.) : *verba scriptoris ipsa (the original text) : the Latin translation vies with the Greek 81 OST o., Latina interpretatio certat cum exemplar i Graeco (Wolf). 2. Of paintings, archetypum (Plin. Ep.); *pictura, tabula picta, ab ipso auctore picta, facta. || Pattern, exemplum, exemplar (ft). A living o., exemplum vivum, animale (opp. simulacrum mu- tum; aft. C. Inv. 2, 1, mutum in simulacrum ex ani- mal! exemplo veritatera transferre) : not to equal, to come thort of an o., ab archetypo labi et decidere (Plin. Ep. 5, 10, I): aby is always o. (in his speeches), potest semper esse in disputando (or dicendo) suus (C). || Fig.) A person of peculiar or eccentric manners, qui suus est (C. Leg. 2, 7, 17); *qui suum sequitur in- genium et morem, nee ad aliorum exemplum institu- tum, se componit : since in every thing he chose to be an o., quum in omnibus novus esse mallet et sui exempli scriptor (Eichst.) : he is quite an o., homo ille novus est ac sui exempli (Eichst.) ; nihil aequale est illi homini (H.). ORIGINALITY, indoles nativa (Bau.); forma quaedam ingenii (C. Brut. 85, 294) ; inventionis vis or felicitas quaedam (Eichst.); proprietas (peculiarity). His speeches exhibit a kind of rough, unpolished o., orationes ejus significant quandam formam ingenii, sed admodum impolitam et plane rudem (C. Brut. 85, fin.). ORIGINALLY, \\ At first, at the beginning, principio ; primo ; primum; primitus. || In a singu- lar way, *nova or singulari ratione ; mirum in modum. ORIGINATE. See Begin. ORISONS, preces, um, pi. ORNAMENT, s. PROPR.)ornamentum.— decus. Jn. decus et ornamentum: the o.'s of temples, decora et ornamenta fanorum. || Fig.) decus; lumen. Jn. decus et lumen. Pompey the o. of the empire, Pompeius decus imperii : Hortensius the ornament of the state, Hortensius lumen et ornamentum reipublicae. Rheto- rical o., dicendi, orationis, cultus or ornatus ; dicendi, orationis, or verborum lumina; quasi verborum sen- tentiarumque insignia. I§§fT Fucus, pigmenta ora- tionis, when excessive or out of taste. ORNAMENT, v. ornare; decorare; exornare; dis- tinguere; Jn. distinguere et ornare. [Syn. in Adorn.] ORNAMENTAL, venustus ; elegans ; pulcher ; comptus. ORNAMENTALLY, ornate; venuste; eleganter. ORPHAN, orbus ; fern. orba. Half o., orbus, orba, patre, matre : to be made an o., orbari parentibus. ORPHAN-ASYLUM, brephotrophium (for found- lings and orphans; see Facciolati under ' curotro- phium'). — orphanotrophium (late) : *aedificium orbis alendis et honeste habendis (Eichst.). ORPHANAGE, orbitas (Plaut.). ORPIMENTUM, auripigmehtum (Plin.). ORRERY, coelum gestabile (Cassiod. Ep. 1, 45).— sphaera, in qua solis et lunae reliquarumque stellarum motus insunt (aft. C. de Rep. 1, 14, 22). — sphaera, in quam lunae, solis, reliquarum stellarum motus illigati sunt (aft. C. Tusc. 1, 25, 63). ORTHODOX, || Of persons, verse legis Christianae studiosus (aft. Ammian. 25, 10, 5). But *orthodoxus is almost indispensable as t. t. (Krebs.) || Of things, *orthodoxus; *verae, antiquae, publicae receptee doc- trinae or religioni conveniens. ORTHODOXY, *orthodoxia (eccl.) ; «vera, recepta, antiqua doctrina or formula; verae, receptas, antiquae religionis or doctrinae studium. A champion of o , acer religionis receptee or antiquae propugnator (Bau.). ORTHOGRAPHICAL, By Crcl. with recte scribere, e. g. *recte scribendi praecepta (o. rules), f^^not orthographicus. ORTHOGRAPHY, recte scribendi scientia (Q.); formula ratioque scribendi (Suet.). Muretus uses scri- bendi ratio, quam bpOoypatpiav vocant ; but orthogra- phia was used by Suet. fyc. Sts scriptura ; e. g. hsec est vera hujus verbi scriptura. ORTOLAN, avis miliaria. OSCILLATE, prps (*alternomotu)inclinari retroque recellere (aft. Lucr. 6, 573). ggf° oscillare (Fest.) prps necessary as t. t. OSCILLATION, jactatio; vibratio (Fest.); motus (when the context fixes the sense) ; oscillatio (Petron.). OSIER, vimen. Ano.-bed, locus vimimbus consitus; viminetum (Varr.). Of o.'s, viminalis. OSPRAY, OSSIFRAGE, ossifragus (Plin.); ossi- fraga (Lucr.); *fulco ossifragus (Linn.). OSSIFY, || Trans.) in os mutare, vertere. || In- trans.) in os transire, mutari, verti. OSTENSIBLE, OSTENSIVE, simulatus ; rictus. OSTENSIBLY, simulate ; per simulationem ; per speciem ; e. g. venandi (o. for the purpose of hunting). 2Q OST OSTENTATION, ostentatio eui ; jactantia sui ; jac- otio circulatoria {puffing oneself off).— y&m. de se prae- dicatio (if exhibited in words) ; in athg, ostentatio, ven- ditatio or venditatio quaedam et ostentatio, jactatio (all with cs rei). OSTENTATIOUS, gloriosus {of persons and of things; e.g. a letter). — vanus {empty, of persons ; then of empty things wch have a fair appearance). — vanilo- quus. An o. display of learning, doctrinae suae vendi- tatio qucedam atque ostentatio ; {of one's art and skill), ostentatio artis et portentosa scientiae venditatio {of quackery; Plin. 29, 1, 8, 25). OSTENTATIOUSLY, gloriose. To use athg o., qa re ad ostentation em Uti, OSTLER, stabularius {g. t.); agaso {groom). OSTRACISM, testarum suffragia {Np. Them. 8, 1); or simply testula {Np. Arist. 1, 2); or testarum suf- fragia quod illi (Graeci) boTpaK.iap.6v vocant {id. Cim. 3,1). OSTRICH, strathiocamelus(P/ira.); struthio {Capi- tol., Vopisc, Lamprid.). OTHER, alius. O.'s, o. men, alii (a\\oi) : the o.'s, ceteri, reliqui (cet. the o. part with ref. to the first part, the two being reciprocally opposed : reliq. as the rest, the remainder) : no o., alius nemo. See Another. OTHERWISE, aliter; alio modo or pacto, alia ratione {in another manner, under other conditions or circumstances). — secus {not so).— contra {on the con- trary). — t;^^ 3 Alias means ' at another time.'] Not o., sic : not o. than, non secus ac, perinde (proinde) ac or atque: it cannot happen o., fieri non potest aliter or fieri aliter non potest ($3fr never fieri non aliter pot- est) : it could not happen o. than that #c, fieri non potuit, quin &c. (^^° aliter fieri non potuit, quam ut &c, is un-Class.): it happened o., contra accidit : if it fall out o. {i. e. badly), si secus acciderit {see Hcrz. Cces. B. G. 5, 57) : the matter is quite o., totum contra est : to think o., in alia voluntate esse {to have another opinion). — dissentire {to think differently ; fm another, cum or ab qo): to think o. than one speaks, aliud sen- tire et loqui ; aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere (S. Cat. 10, 5) : he speaks o. than he acts, orationi vita dissentit {Sen. Ep. 20, 2). Sts ' other- wise,' when referring to a subst., must be rendered by alius ; e. g. the boundary must be fixed o., alius finis constituendus est. OTTER, lutra or lytra, ae, /. {Plin., Vitr.) OUGHT, v. debeo. oportet (op. denoting the moral duty; deb. the individual's obligation to perform it). — part, in dus. — Sts decet {it is becoming), aequum est {it is fair). |g^" ' I o. to do it ' is facere debeo or me facere oportet : I o. to have done it, facere debeba m or debui ; or me facere oportebat or oportuit : and (ggf that the indicative is used, even when a conditional sen- tence is added with verb in imperf. or pluperf. subjunc- tive ; eg. omnibus cum contumeliis onerasti, quem patris loco, si ulla in te pietas esset, colere debebas {S. Jug. 85) : so if part, in dus is used ; e. g. quodsi Cn. Pompeius privatus esset, hoc tempore tamen erat mittendus (Z. 519). OUGHT, = Any thing, aliquid; res quaepiam; quidpiam. OUNCE, uncia. Weighing an o., uncialis {Plin.): half an o., semuncia: an o. and a half, sescuncia (= sesquicuncia) : two o.'s, sextans : three o.'s, triens : four o.'s, quadrans : five o.'s, quincunx: six o.'s, semis, issis, m. : seven o.'s, septunx : eight o.'s, bes, bessis, m. : nine o.'s, dodrans : ten o.'s, dextans : eleven o.'s, deunx: twelve o.'s, as, assis, m. OUR, noster, tra, trum d^g?" oft. omitted in Latin). O. people, nostri : o. countrymen, nostrates : o. times, haec tempora ; nostra memoria, aetas : for o. sake, propter nos; nostra causa; nostri causa. OURSELVES, nos ipsi. nosmet ipsi. As reflexive, nos, when no particular emphasis is required. OUSEL, merula (C). OUT, adv. foras {with motion). — foris {without mo- tion). To be out = not at home, foris esse ; domi non esse: he is not yet gone o., domo nondum excessit: this is the first time that I have been o. since my illness, *ex quo convalui, primum domo eftero pedem: to break o., prorumpere: to come o., i. e. to become known, exire in turbam or in vulgus ; emanare (in vulgus) ; exire atque in vulgus emanare ; efferri (foras, in vul- gus) ; effluere et ad aures hominum permanare. But for ' out,' with verbs, see the verbs. OUT OF, \\Beyond, away from, extra {with ace.) : out of the house, foris {without motion). — foras {with motion) : out of the country, peregre (e. g. habi- tare, abire, proficisci) : to be out of bow-shot, extra teli 82 OUT jactum esse : to be out of one's mind or senses, sui or mentis non compotem esse ; non compotem esse ani- mo; non apud se esse {Com.). || Beyond, i. e. ex- ceeding: it is out of my power, nequeo, non possum, non data est cs rei potestas or copia; non valeo (/ have not power) : out of season, alieno or laud opportuno tempore ; non in tempore ; intempestive (at an un- seasonable time). || From, e or ex; de ; rarely a or ab. The preposition remains untranslated after aLatin verb compounded with it; e. g. to get out of a ship, nave egredi. || By reason of, on account of, e or ex; a or ab ; per (on account of, by reason of). — propter (be- cause of) Sts the simple abl. is used ; frequently, how- ever, with the ptcpls ductus or adductus (led) ; motus or permotus (moved); inductus (induced); impulsus or incitatus (urged) ; incensus, inflammatus (kindled, inflamed) ; coactus (obliged, compelled) ; captus (taken); impeditus (hindered) ; e.g. out of a taste for philosophy, philosophiae studio ductus : out of shame, pudore adductus : out of fear, metu; propter timorem ; metu coactus, permotus. OUTBID, supra or plus adjicere; qo licente contra liceri ; vincere qm. OUTBREAK, eruptio (act of bursting forth, e. g. jEtnae). — initium. principium (beginning, e.g. of a war). At the o. of the war, bello erumpente; bello exorto; tumultus, tumultuatio (noii& se ferre) : to o. a debt, confiteri aes alienum (xn Tabb. ap. Gell., fyc); confiteri nomen; fateri se debere (opp. in- fitiari debitum) : to o. a fault or crime, confiteri pec- catum (C.) or se peccasse. OWNER, possessor; qui possidet, &c. OX, bos (gen. bovis, pi. bovum; bobus or bubus). A young ox, juvencus : of or belonging to oxen, boarius : ox-driver, bubulcus : ox tail, Cauda taurina: ox-tongue, (prop.) lingua bovis ; (a plant,) *anchusa (Linn.). OXALIC, OXYDE, OXYGEN, &c, must be retained as t. t. ; e. g. *oxygenium. OXYMEL, oxymel (Plin.). OYSTER, ostrea; ostreum (poet.). Of or belonging to o.'s, ostrearius : full of o.'s, ostreosus (poet.) : an o.- bed or pit, ostrearium ; ostrearium vivarium (artificially prepared; see Plin. 9, 54, 79; Macrob. Sat. 2, 11): the beard of an o., fibrae : bread eaten with o.'s, panis ostre- arius: the taking of o.'s, ostrearum lectio (g^fT not captura) : a dealer in o.'s, ostrearius : an o.-shell, testa : to open an o., testam discuneare. PABULAR, ad cibum pertinens; or by gen. cibi, ciborum. PABULOUS, alibilis (Varr.). PACE, s. || Step, gait, passus, us; gressus,us; inces- sus, us; ingressus, us. A quick, slow p., incessuscitus, tardus; see also Gait. || Degree of celerity, by gradus. — equus cui mollis est alterno crurum explicatu glomeratio (Plin. 8, 42, 67; that goes with a regular and even p): to mend one's p., gradum addere (L.), celerare (H.), corripere (F.) : to go at a brisk p., pleno gradu ingredi (Treb. in C. Ep.): a shiggish p., passus iners or lentus (0.) : a quick or rapid p., passus citus or rapidus (O.). j| A measure of five Roman feet, passus, us. PACE, v. compositis gradibus ire (V.); lento gradu incedere or ingredi. — spatiari (p. about for pleasure, PACHA, satraps ; praefectus ; purpuratus (or it may be necessary to retain the word as t. t. ). PACIFIC, pacis amator (C.) or cupidus (H. Sat.); otii studiosus ; placabilis (easily appeased). — placidus (opp. ferox, immitis). — concors (concordant). — quietus (not warlike).— pacificus (making peace ; C.Luc. Mart.). A p. disposition, pacis, concordia?, amor or studium (C); animus non abhorrens a quietis consiliis (L. 30, 30) : p. overtures, pacis conditiones, pi. PACIFICATION, pacificatio (C); mly by the verbs. PACIFICATOR, pacificator (C); mly by the verbs. PACIFY, || 2*o calm, tranquillize, qm or cs animum placare (to set at rest).— mitigare (to mitigate). — lenire or delinire (to assuage). — permulcere (to ap- pease by endearment, by gentle words). Jn. cs animum lenire et placare, placare et mitigare. To p. the anger of any one, cs iram lenire, mollire, permulcere, placare, sedare : to p. the multitude, multitudinem, plebem re- primere: to p. a disturbance, seditionem lenire or sedare: to p. pain, dolorem mitigare. \\ To appease, vid. PACK, s. || Bundle, sarcina, sarcinula (as a bur- den). — fascis (g. t.). — manipulus (such as may be carried in the hand). || Of hounds, *canum venaticorum turba. || Of men (contemptuously), turba; grex. PACK, PACK UP, v. || To collect in parcels or bundles, colligere; componere; in fasciculos col- ligare; sarcinulas alligare. || To squeeze together, coartare. Close packing, *hominum in angusto seden- tium coartatio (aft. L. 27, 46 ; of the close sitting in the theatre). PACK OFF, amoliri se (Plaut.) ; facessere ; se fa- cessere. P. -off I apage te! apage sis! facesse nine! abis hinc! PACKCLOTH, segestre or segestrium ; *lineum emporeticum. PACKET, || A small bundle, fasciculus (C); sarcinula (Petr.). || A ship or boat, navis tabellaria (aft. Sen. Ep. 77, 1) ; or Crcl. *navicula publica Uteris, sarcinis, et hominibus transportandis or perferendis. PACKHORSE, equus clitellarius (aft. Col.); jumen- tum sarcinarium ; or simply jumentum (Cas.y PACKSADDLE, clitella;, pi. 85 PAI PACKTHREAD, funiculus (Plin.); resticula (Varr.). PACT, PACTION, pactio, pactum (an agreement drawn in proper form, and wch has become legal ; the former as action). — conventus; con ven turn ; constitu- tum (the thing agreed upon; also, before it is irrevocably binding). See Compact. PAD, s. pulvinus ; pulvillus (H.). PAD, v. pulvino (-is) sternere qd (to provide with p.'s). — farcire qd qa re (to stuff). Padded, pulvillis fartus or stratus. PADDLE, s. *remus curtus or brevior, or prps ba- tillus. JgggT Palmula or palma remi is the blade of an oar ; pala, a shovel, spade. PADDLE, v. || To propel by a paddle, *navi- gium remo breviore incitare, propellere. || To beat or play with the water, *aquam, undas, leniter agitare. PADDOCK, || A toad, bufo, onis, m. H A small enclosure or field, septum. PADLOCK, *sera pensilis; or, in connexion, simply sera, claustrum. PAGAN, idololatra (Tert.); paganus (Augustin; in class. Latin, of a village, villager). — gentilis, ethnicus (eccl); non Christianus (Tert.); *doctrinae Christiana?, or sacrorum Christianorum, expers ; *fal- sorum or adumbratorum deorum cultor. PAGANISM, *falsorum, &c, deorum cultus. PAGE, || One side of the leaf of a book, pa- gina (C). To Jill a p., paginam complere. \\ A boy in attendance: a royal or court p., puer ex aula (t) — minister ex pueris regiis. puer regius. puer no- bilis ex regia cohorte. puer nobilis custodiae corporis regis assuetus (Curl. 10, 5, 17). — puer psedagogianus (Ammian. 26, 6), pi. pasdagogia (Plin., S., Suet.): the royal p.'s, pueri regii (L.) ; puerorum regiorum cohors, or only cohors regia: to be the king's p., *pueri regii ministerio fungi. — ad epulas regis assistere (at a ban- quet; C). PAGE, v. (a book), paginae nota, or pi. paginarum notis, signare. PAGEANT, spectaculum. PAGEANTRY, pompa; fastus, us. PAGODA, sacellum (the temple). — persona (the image of clay, fyc). PAIL, situlus, situla (a pitcher-like vessel for wells, %c.) — modiolus (a pail in hydraulic machines). — hama (a pail for drawing and carrying water, esply a bucket of a fire-engine ; see Plin. Ep. 10, 35 (42j, 2. Ace. to Salmasius, it was in the shape of a boat). PAIN, s. || Bodily anguish, dolor; cruciatus (severe). To be free from p., dolore vacare, carere dolore; non or nihil dolere: to be in p., suffer p., do- lere : to inflict p , dolorem ci facere, efficere, dare, afferre, immovere: to lose p., dolorem abjicere, de- ponere. || Mental distress, grief, aegritudo, sol - licitudo, (stronger) angor (C Tusc. 4, 8, 18, angor est aegritudo premens; also the pi. angores when the p. is frequent or lasting). Excruciating p., dolor (C. I. c, dolor est aegritudo crucians). A person gives me p., oritur mihi ab qo aegritudo ; qs mini soliicitudinem affert ; qs me aegritudine or sollicitudine afficit : a thing causes p. to me, qd mihi solliciludini est; qd me sollicitum habet : to suffer p., in aegritudine or sollici- tudine esse; aegritudine or sollicitudine affectum esse: to suffer great p. on account of athg, sollicitudine cs rei vel maxime urgeri : free from p., aegritudine or sol- licitudine vacuus; vacuus ab angoribus : freedom fm p., vacuitas a sollicitudine, or ab angoribus (cf. C. de Off. 1, 21, 73). || Penalty, poena: under p. of death, propositi, or interposita, poena capitis (Cces.; L.); sub mortis or capitis poena (Suet.). PAIN, v. || Bodily, dolorem ci facere, efficere, dare, afferre, commovere. || Mentally, ci maerorom dare; qm cura et sollicitudine afiicere ; ci trisfitiam afferre : it p.'s me, doleo qd; hoc mihi dolet (with an ace. and inf., or with quod). PAINFUL, || Causing or attended with pain, acerbus; gravis; dolorem afferens. || Causing or attended with labour, operosus; laboriosus ; diflQL- cilis. PAINFULLY, || S o as to cause pain of mind, acerbe; dolenter. || With labour or pains, labo- riose ; operose; multo labore et sudore. See the adj. PAINS, opera; labor (labour).— contentio (exertion). — industria (unwearied exertion). — conatus, us (effort). — studium (zeal). Jn. conatus studiumque ; opera et studium. To take p., operam dare or navare; niti, eniti (to strive, exert oneself). — laborare, elaborare (to labour upon athg). Jn. eniti et efficere, eniti et con- PAI PAM tendere, contendere et laborare (all usually followed by ut) ; intendere (to attempt with exertion ; followed by an inf.): to take very great p.'s, omnibus viribus con- tendere ; omnibus nervis conniti ; omni ope atque opera eniti (all followed by ut, &c): to take p.'s to no purpose, operam, operam et oleum, perdere ; frustra niti: to take p.'s on aby's behalf, niti pro qo ; ci opeam praestare or dicare : to take p.'s about athg, an- quirere qd (to look carefully for). — sequi, persequi (to strive or endeavour after ).— studere, operam dare or navare ci rei (to make an effort for the attainment of athg). PAINT, v. H Trans.) 1) Protr. a) To represent by colours, with delineation, pingere ; depin- gere ; coloribus reddere. To p. figures, coloribus figuras depingere : to p. a face, effingere oris lineamenta : to p. a thing after an original, similitudinem ex vero effingere. b) To lay on colours, colorare qd ; colores inducere ci rei ; fucare ; infucare ; pigmentis illinere : to p. white, albos colores ci rei inducere ; cerussa illinere or obli- nere (with white lead): to p. a house, aedificium expo- lire (Vitr.) : painted boards, tabulae colore fucatae (T.) : to p. oneself (one's face), colorem fuco mentiri ; fucare colorem. || 2) Fig.) pingere; depingere; ante oculos ponere ci qd: painted, fucatus, infucatus: to p. in vivid or lively colours, lectis verborum coloribus de- pingere qd (aft. Gell. 14, 4, 1): to p. aby in his true c.'s, cs naturam certis describere signis ; prps *cs vivam or vividam imaginem exprimere ; cs vitia (or vitia et virtutes, as the case may be) deformare (Rutil. Lup.); imaginem consuetudinis atque vitae cs expri- mere. || Intrans.) pingere. PAINT, y Propr.) pigmentum (v. pr.); also color, fucus (prop, and fig.). To mix or prepare p., *pig- menta temperare, subigere, miscere : prepared p.'s, qui arte fiunt, qui mixtione, temperatura, perficiuntur (Vitr.): to put on four coats of p., quater inducere colorem picturae : the blood of the crocodile is used as a p., crocodili sanguine pictores utuntur. || Fig.) color; pigmenta, pi. ; fucus : truth without p., Veritas nuda et simplex. PAINTER, pictor (g. t.); pingendi artifex (a good p.). — qui colores rei inducit. P.'s materials, *pictorum instrumenta; supellex pictoria. PAINTING, || The art of painting, ars pingendi, ars picturae (ft), or simply pictura. || The act of painting, pictura. |< A picture, pictura (the paint- ing itself without respect of the materials ; also fig. of dramatic representation, or of description ; see Plant. Mil. 4, 4, 52). — tabula or (dim.) tabella, with or without picta {the painting and the materials). — imago, imago picta (a likeness, portrait; also fig-). — to make a p. of athg, depingere qd, imaginem cs rei exprimere (prop. $ fig-)) qd describere (fig.): to hang a p. in a good light, tabulam in bono lumine collocare. PAIR, s. par; also jugum. In p.'s, bini: a p. of cups, bini scypbi (ft): a p. of married people, conjuges ; par conjugum ; or simply conjugium (Plin.). PAIR, v. || Trans.) jungere ; conjungere ; copu- lare; componere. || Intrans.) Of birds or ani- mals, coire. PAIRING (Of birds or animals), coitus. P. time, tempus quo aves coeunt. PALACE, regia (L.) ; domicilium regis ; aedes regiae (ft); in later prose, palatium (Suet.; also in poets of the gold, age, e. g. H., V.). Sts in a wider sense, turris. PALANQUIN, lectica (the person being recumbent) ; ♦sella Indica gestatoria. PALATABLE, || Propr.) boni, jucundi, suavis sapo- ris (Plin.), sapidus (Apic). || Fig.) suavis, dulcis (pleasant) ; jucundus, gratus, acceptus (welcome). To be p., jucundum esse, placere (of persons or things). PALATE, || Propr.) palatum (the organ) ; sensus gustatus (taste). A nice or dainty p., palatum sub- tile (H.). || Fig.) sensus, us ; judicium. PALAVER, s. || Superfluous talk, cantilena (Brut. ap. ft); declamatio (Auct. Dial, de Orat.); gerras; nugae. || ^ dulatory language, blanditiae; blandimenta, pi. (ft); lenocinium (T.). Jn. blanditiae et assentationes. PALAVER, v. || To talk superfluously, inania fundere verba ; multum esse in loquendo. || To use adulatory language, blanditias dicere ci (O.); blandiri ci ; blandis verbis or blandimentis permulcere qm (aft. ft) ; animum cs blandis verbis delinire (Plin.); auribus cs servire (Cces.). PALE, s. palus (g. t. for any pole, e. g. a hedge- stake, esply for fastening athg to, e. g. a vine) ; sudes (shaped and pointed at the top). fi$^° Stipes and vallus were larger stakes wch required to be driven in. PALE, v. (To fence with pales) stipitibus sepire (e. g. ut locus . . . stipitibus robustis sepiatur; Inscr. Orell. 642); or *sudibus stipitibusque (Cces.) sepire. — tJ^jT Not palare, wch is only found in the sense of 'staking' vines, fyc, and ' driving in piles' for a foundation. PALE, adj. pallidus.— luridus (of a yellow paleness ; in a bad sense). — exsanguis (without any blood in the face, fm fear, rage, 8,-c). — cadaverosus (cadaverous). As p. as a corpse, cadaverosa facie : somewhat p., sub- pallidus ; pallens : very p., perpallidus, exsanguis: to grow p., pallescere, expallescere, exalbescere : he be- came red at one moment, and p. at another, modo erubuit, modo expalluit : to be p., pallere. PALENESS, pallidus color; pallor: a deadly p., exsanguis funereusque color. PALETTE, *discus colorum. PALFREY, equus phaleratus; *equus magnifice ornatus. PALINODE, palinodia (Macrob.); or Crcl. with quod cecini (dixi, &c), ut indictum sit, revocare (L. 5, 15, 20). See Recant. PALISADE, vallum ; pali (pi.) ; sudes : to erect a p., sudes stipitesque defigere : a large p., magnum nume- rumpalorum instituere (Cces.). PALISH, subpallidus; pallens. PALL, s. || Mantle of state, pallium. See also Cloke. II Covering of a bier, pallium (Appul. ; Ovid uses this word for a covering of a bed, coverlet) ; *tegumentum, velamentum, capuli or feretri. PALL, v. Trans.) facere satietatem cs rei. || In- trans.) (upon the taste); nulla est voluptas cs rei (Juv.) ; qd nil sapit (Juv.) ; vapidi, infirmi esse saporis (fig-)) jejunum, insulsum esse; satietas cs rei capit qm; qs cs rei suavitatem non (jam) sentit. PALLET, || A low or mean bed, grabatus (ft). \\ Palette, *discus colorum. PALLIATE, rem colorare nomine qo (by a pretext, Val. Max. 8, 2, 2) ; rem involucris tegere et quasi velis obtendere ; also velare rem only : to p. athg by any excuse, praetendere qd ci rei ; rem tegere or occultare qa re ; rem excusatione cs rei tegere (by excuses ; see ft Lcel. 12, 43); rem in cs rei simulationem conferre (under a pretext; see Cces. B. ft 1, 40): to endeavour to p. athg by some pretext, velamentum ci rei quaerere (Sen. de vit. beat. 12); rei deformi dare colorem (Cces. B. ft 3, 32 ; Q. 3, 8, 44) : to endeavour to p. one's guilt by fine words, splendida verba praetendere culpae suae (0. Rem. 240) ; honesta praescriptione rem turpem tegere, vitia sua fucare, colorare. PALLIATION, excusatio; qd excusationis. — nomen ; velamentum ; color. See the verb. PALLIATIVE, || Remedy that lessens the severity of a disorder, *remedium morbum miti- gans (morb. mitigare, Plin.) — *remedium spiritum prorogandi. || Palliation, vid. PALLID. See Pale. PALM, || A kind of tree, palma (also, a branch of p., Plin.). || Fruit of this tree, palma (PWn.); palmula(Farr.); d'actylus (Pall.). || The inner part of the hand, palma; palmus ; vola (hand spread out). || Fig.) Triumph, palma; victoria: deserving of the p., palmaris (ft); palmarius (Ter.). \\ Measure of length, palmus ($§f the palmus minor was the breadth of four fingers joined together, Vitr.; the major was a span, or twelve Roman inches, Varr.). PALMER. See Pilgrim. PALMER- WORM, eruca (Col.). PALMISTER, chiromantis, idos (but use the Greek xetp6p.avTt? ; the word was not adopted into the Latin language). PALMISTRY, chiromantia (use the Greek xetpofxav- Teia) ; or Crcl., *ars e manuum lineamentis futura praedicendi. PALMY, florens. PALPABLE, || Prop.) by Crcl. with sentire, or manu tractare (palpabilis late, Oros.). || Fig.) mani- festus ; evidens ; certus et exploratus : to receive a p. hit, luculentam plagam accipere (ft). PALPITATE, palpitare. PALPITATION, palpitatio (e. g. cordis, oculorum, Plin.). PALSICAL, PALSIED, paralyticus ; membris iners or captus. PALSY, paralysis ; nervorum remissio or resolutio. See Apoplexy. PALTRY, contemnendus ; despiciendus ; vilis. PAMPER, saginare; pinguem facere. To p. oneself, saginari (qa re); (largius) invitare se (cibo, vino, Sic). PAMPHLET, libellus in vulgus emissus; or simply PAM libellus: to distribute p.'s, libellos dispergere (T. Dial. 9 3) ' PAMPHLETEER, *qui libellos conscribit or dis- pergit. PAN, || A kind of vessel, *lacus (g. t.); sartago {for roasting or baking in, PUn.): a fire-p., warming- p., batillus (PUn.). || Part of a gun, *scutula unde pulvis pyrius in telo ignifero accenditur. || Cavity in the joints of bones, acetabulum. \\In architec- ture, cardo femina (the cavity in wch the tooth [cardo masculus] turns). PANACEA, panacea, panaces(PZin.); *medicamen- tum universale. PANCAKE, prps laganum (Apic); or it may be necessary to retain the word. PANDECT, pandectes or pandecta, ae, m. (a treatise comprehending the whole of any science) : the Pandects, Pandect», pi. (a collection and digest of the Roman laws and legal customs, made by order of the Emperor Justinian). PANDER, s. leno. libidinis minister (L.).— cupidi- tatum cs minister (C.).— perductor (C. Verr. 2, 1, 12). Obs. perd. applies to a single instance. PANDER, v. lenocinium facere (Plant.) ; libidinis administrum, adjutorem esse (C). PANE, tabula (if square). — orbis, discus (*/ round) : p. of glass, *tabula vitrea fenestrae, or orbis vitreus fenestrae. PANEGYRIC, laudatio; upon aby, cs (the speech itself, and the praise it contains). — laus, laudes ; upon aby, cs (the praise). (gg|r Elogium in this sense is not Latin, nor encomium (wch has no ancient authority). — P. pronounced in honour of one who is dead, laudatio mortui (g. t.). — laudatio funebris. laudes funebres (pro- nounced at his funeral). gjggT C. uses panegyricus, sc. sermo, of the panegyrical orations of Isocrates ; and Q. uses panegyricus absolutely of such orations. — To pro- nounce a p. on aby, laudare qm (g. t.). — dicere de cs laudibus (in a set oration) : to pronounce a p. on aby in a discourse, sermonem cum admiratione laudum cs instituere : to write a p. on aby, or athg, laudationem cs or cs rei scribere. PANEGYRIST, laudator, praedicator. praeco. buc- cinator (e. g. cs existimationis. Stn. in Praiser). To be the p. of athg, laudare qd ; praedicare qd or de re: to be one's own p., se ipsum laudare ; praedicare de se ipso: to be aby's p., laudare qm, or (in a set dis- course), dicere de cs laudibus. PANEGYRIZE, laudare qd; praedicare qd or de re. PANEL, abacus (Vitr.).— tympanum (square p. of a door, Vitr.). — laquear. lacunar (the p.'s of a fiat ceiling : laq. with re.f. to the rope-like elevated edges, lac. to the sunk space). PANEL, v. lacunare. laqueare (both of panelling a ceiling). PANG, doloris morsus or stimulus. PANIC, *terror panicus (Wyttenb.); terror, qui iraviKot; appellatur (Hym. Astr. 2, 28) ; pavor quasi lymphaticus (L.): to strike a p. into, terrorem ci in- cutere (L.), injicere, facere, efBcere, inferre (C.) : p,- ttruck, exterritus ; in terrorem conjectus. PANNIER, corbis: p.'s, clitellae. PANOPLY, arma (pi.), armatura. PANORAMA. The word must be retained for sake of perspicuity. PANSY, «viSla tricolor (Linn.). PANT, palpitare (C); salire (Pers.); trepidare (0.). Fig.) top. after, sitire; gravius, ardentius sitire, or concupiscere qd (C); inhiare qd(Plaut), ci rei (e. g. gazis, Sen. ; praedae, V. Flacc). PANTALOON, mimus ; pantomimus ; sannio (as a jester). PANTALOONS, *braccae (bracae) strictae. ®gf Not feminalia, wch were bound round the thighs, fyc, in cold weather: to put on p.'s, braccas (bracas) sibi induere, or braccis (bracis) se induere. See also Breeches. PANTHEISM, *pantheismus (t. t.) ; or Crcl., *ratio eorum, qui omnem vim divinam in universa natura sitam esse censent (aft. C). PANTHEIST, «pantheista (t. t.) ; or Crcl. as above. PANTHEON, pantheon or pantheum (PUn.). PANTHER, panthera (C); pardus (esply the male, Curt.); pardalis (Plin.). PANTILE, imbrex {PUn. Plant.). PANTOMIME, pantomimus. PANTRY, armarium promptuarium (Cat. 11. 3). 87 PAR PAP, \\ Nipple, teat, papilla (Pliti. ; mamma, uber, = rather, the whole breast or udder). \\A kind of soft food, *puls densior. PAPACY, «papatus; *dignitas, auctoritas, ponti- ficia. PAPAL, *papalis ; *pontificius ; *pontificalis : the p. system, «ratio, doctrina, formula pontificia or Romano- Catholica (Bau). PAPAW, *carica papaya (Linn.). PAPER, s. || Substance on wch we write and print, charta (with the ancients, made fm the papyrus ; «chartea lintea was an invention of the \4th century). $|§P° papyrus, in this sense, is poet. — charta tenuis (thin).— densa (thick). — Candida (white) : glazed p., charta levis, levigata ; with the ancients, charta dentata (C. Q. Fr. 2, 15): blotting p., charta bibula: letter-p., *charta epistolaris (as inscr. to Mart. 14, 11 : the ancients used ch. Augusta) ; *charta epis- tolis scribendis facta : packingp., charta emporetica : large p., charta major; charta majore modulo; ma- crocollum (in the ancient sense) : small p., charta brevior; charta breviore forma: a quire of p., scapus chartae : a sheet of p., plagula chartae : a piece of p., chartula; scida, scidula (better than scheda, sche- dula): of p., chartaceus; charteus : a p. mill, officlna chartaria: a p. maker, chartarius : p. money, *pecunia chartacea; or, in the sense of the ancients, tesserae numariae (Suet. Oct. 41): to put p. cover on a book, to bind in p., *librum charta glutinata or massa chartacea vincire, includere. The different kinds of paper with the ancients were charta hieratica, Au- gusta, Liviana, Claudia; the charta Claudia was the best. \\A written document, charta; scriptum : p.'s, i. e. writings, scripta (pi.); literae ; libelli; chartae : a p. war, *bellum doctorum hominum : contemptuously, rixae doctorum hominum (Iggir pugna doctorum hominum = contradictions of learned men ; see C. de Div. 2, 31, in.). \\Newspaper, vid. PAPER, v. *charta or chartis vestire, exornare, qd. PAPIER-MACHE', «massa chartacea. Athg made ofp.-m., *opus e charta densata factum. A worker in p.-m., qui opera e charta densata facit. PAPILLOT, *scida chartacea crinibus implicandis. PAPIST, *pontificiae religioni addictus. * sacra a Pontifice Romano instituta sequens. *legis Pontificis Romani studiosus. PAPISTICAL, «papalis ; «pontificius. PAPPY, mollis (soft); succiplenus (Ter.); succidus, succosus (Col., full of moisture). PAPYRUS, papyrus (PUn.). PAR. See Equal, Equality. PARABLE, parabole or pure Lat. collatio (C.) is a simile kept up through a narrative (cf. Q. 5, 11, 23); similitudo; simile (a comparison): to deliver p.'s, simili- tudines comparare (C, O. 40, 138) : to employ a p., simi- litudine or simili quodam uti: to speak without a p., ut omittam similitudines (C). PARABOLICALLY, per similitudinem. To speak p., ut similitudine utar. PARADE, || Pomp, show, pompa. ostentatio: to make a p., magnifice se inferre (Plaut.), or incedere (L.); se ostentare. ^Military order, *pompa mili- taris: to be on p., *interesse, adesse, pompae militari. \\Place where troops are marshalled, fyc, campus in quo milites exercentur (aft. Suet. Oct. 16, in.) ; «campus militibus instruendis, lustrandis. PARADIGM, paradigma, atis (Gramm. t. t. Charis. Diom.). PARADISAICAL, «paradisiacus ; amcenissimus. PARADISE, *paradisus (Eccl.); «horti amcenis- simi ; locus amcenissimus ; sedes or domicilium beato- rum (as the region of future happiness) : or locus divinae amcenitatis recipiendis sanctorum animis des- tinatus (Tert.): bird of p., Paradisea (Linn.). PARADOX, quod est admirabile contraque opinio- nem omnium (C. Par. Proozm. 4) : p.'s, mirabilia, quae paradoxa nominantur (e. g. Stoicorum, C). PARAGRAPH, caput (C); paragraphus (Isid.); sectio (Gramm.); articulus. PARALLEL, adj. parallelus (Plin.) : a p. line, linea parallelos (Vitr.), or as t. t., linea parallela: to be or run p., paribus intervallis inter se distare (aft. Goes. B. G. 7, 23). A p. passage, locus congruens verbis et sententiis (aft. C. Legg. 1, 10, 30). PARALLEL, adv. ordine parallelo; paribus inter- vallis. PARALLEL, s. (A comparison) contentio; com- paratio : to draw a p., conferre qd ; contentionem facere. PARALLELOGRAM, *parallelogrammon. PAR PARALOGISM. See Sophism. PARALYSIS, paralysis (irapdXvais).— nervorum re- Snissio or resolutio. He died of p. the day after his first seizure, decessit paralysi, altero die quam correptus est. See Apoplexy. PARALYTIC, paralyticus (TropaXimndr).-- See Apo- plectic. PARALYZE, || Prop.) debilitare: to be paralyzed, morbo, quem apoplexin vocant, corripi; apoplexi ar- ripi.— torpere (to be quite benumbed; e. g. nervi, mem- bra): to be completely paralyzed, omnibus membris captum esse. || Fig.) debilitare; frangere ; Jn. debi- litare et frangere : to be paralyzed, torpere (e. g. metu, L.): this misfortune had paralyzed their minds, hoc malum cum stupore et miraculo torpidos defixerat (L. 22, 53, 6). PARAMOUNT, summus ; praecipuus. — antiquis- simus (e. g. cura). He considered it an object of p. im- portance, nihil ei potius fuit, quam ut &c. ; nihil antiquius habuit, quam ut &c. PARAMOUR, amans; amator; amasius. PARAPET, pluteus; lorica. PARAPHERNALIA, i. e. trappings, phalerae (pi.). PARAPHRASE, s. circuitio; circuitus eloquendi; circuitus plurium verborum; circumlocutio ; jgggT not circumseriptio, or amfractus verborum ; periphrasis is a Grecism: si non reperitur vox nostras, vel pluribus et per ambitum verborum res enuncianda est (see Suet. Tib. 71; we must give a p.). PARAPHRASE, v. pluribus verbis qd exponere, or explicare(C. Fin. 3, 4, 15; Q. 8, 6, 61); pluribus vocibus et per ambitum verborum qd enunciare (Suet. Tib. 71); circuitu plurium verborum ostendere qd (Q. 10, 1, 12); circsmire qd (see Q. 8, 2, 17; 12, 10, 34); jgfgT circum- scribere, wlih or without verbis, means 'to explain, define.' PARASITE, parasitus : of or belonging to a p., para- siticus: to play the p., parasitari [Plant.): like a p., more or modo parasiti. PARASITIC, parasiticus: a p. plant, *planta para- sitica (t. t.). PARASOL, umbella (Juv.). PARBOILED, semicoctus (Plin.). PARCEL, s. \\A small pack, fasciculus: a p. of fellows, hominum turba, grex: a p. of rogues, scele- xatorum colluvies. \\Lot, division, pars. PARCEL, v. partiri; dividere; distribuere, disper- tire (to p. out). PARCHMENT, membrana (Q., Plin.)-, chartaperga- mena (Isid.): of p., membraneus (Pand.): p.-maker, qui membranas facit, conficit. PARDON, s. venia; remissio pcenae : to beg p., veniam ab qopetere ; petere ut mihi ignoscatur; depre- cari qd ab qo (of or fm any one). — postulare ut delicto ignoscatur; erroris veniam petere (for a fault). — pos- tulare ut delicto ignoscat qs (for any one) : a begging of p., deprecatio (in defence of athg wrong). — ignoscendi postulatio (prayer for forgiveness) : to grant p. ; See Pardon, v. PARDON, v. ignoscere (to overlook a fault; between equals). — concedere (not to be severe or strict). — condo- nare (as it were, to make a present of athg), ci qd ; veniam dare ci (of superiors, not to inflict punishment). — veniam et impunitatem dare ci; gratiam cs rei facere. P. me, ignoscas quaeso. |^^° ' To pardon aby his precipitate conduct,' fyc. should be, not ignos- cere ci festinationem (wch is O. L.); but ignoscere cs festinationi : but ' to pardon this, that,' fyc, is ignos- cere hoc, illud, id, &c. — ' Pardon my boldness in doing so and so' is ignoscere quod hoc mihi sumo (Vid. C. Fam. 7, 5; 13, 51, Krebs). PARDONABLE, venia dignus.— quod qd excusa- tionis habet (e. g. vitium).— cui ignoscatur (S^P"ignos- cibilis, old Latin and rare). PARE, recidere ; circumcidere : to p. the nails, ungues subsecare (0.); recidere (C); ponere, or cul- tello purgare(#.) ; resecare (Plin.) : top. fruit, *pomis cutem, or corium, detrahere, demere, eximere ; poma cute exuere. PARENT, || Prop.) parens (g. t.).— pater (father).— mater (mother) : the common p., communis omnium parens; operum (or rerum) omnium parens et effector; summus, or maximus, mundi parens. || Fig.) mater (e. g. similitudo satietatis mater, C). — parens (of per- sons [e. g. Socr. parens philosophise] ; of things, it must be used of those that are masc, and sts is used of those that are fern, [terra parens omnium]. — procreatrix. genitrix, fem.(e. g. procreatrix quaedam et quasi parens omnium artium est philosophia; genitrix virtutum PAR frugalitas).— To be the p. of, alere qd (e. g. honos alit artes). This opinion is the p. of many errours, hano opinionem multi errores consecuti sunt. Sts causa, fons, origo (source) may serve. PARENTAL, parentum (#en., pi.) ; e. g., p. affection, parentum amor: in a p. manner, parentum more or modo (after the manner of parents). — ut parentes solent (as parents are accustomed). — ut parentes decct (as becomes parents). PARENTHESIS, parenthesis (Gramm.); interpo- sitio ; interclusio (as translation of the Greek irapevOeas, Q. 1, 3, 23): to put athg in a p., *continuationi ser- monis medium interponere qd. PARGET, s. opus tectorium (|ggg° not trullissatio, trowelling). PARGET, v. tectorio linere, incrustare, inducere (Ban.). PARHELION, parelion, imago solis (the former the Greek word, the latter the Latin translation, Sen. N. Q. 1, 11, 1 ; Seneca I. c. says that parelia are called also simply soles ; hence, two parhelia, bina parelia or bini soles : three parhelia, terna parelia or tres soles) : the sun with a p., sol geminatus (C. N. D. 1, 5, 14): two parhelia appear, soles bini apparent ccelo. PARIETAL, By the gen. of paries. PARIETARY, herba parietaria (Plin. Pan. 51); parietaria (Appul.); *asplenium recta muraria (Linn.). PARING, resegmen (Plin.); praesegmen (Plaut.). PARISH, parcecia (Augustin. KgpT not parochia) : p. -priest, *sacrorum antistes ; *ecelesiastes : *pres- byter (not parSchus) : p. church, *aedes sacra parceciaa : p. clerk, *famulus sacrorum. PARISHIONER, parochialis (Eccl.) ; *sacro ci ccetui ascriptus. PARK, ||.(4 large pleasure-ground, viridarium (C, pleasure-garden, planted with trees). — vivarium (as a preserve) : a p. of about so many acres, septa jugera circiter — (Varr.). || (Of artillery), *res tormen- taria ; *agger tormentarius. PARLANCE (common), quotidiana locutio ; vulgaris sermo ; quotidiana dicendi consuetudo ; quotidianum dicendi genus. PARLEY, s. colloquium; collocutio : to hold a p., in colloquium or collocutionem venire. PARLIAMENT, *senatus Britannicus.— consilium publicum (Doer.); comitia regni (£c&.); parlamentum (in Latin of the middle ages) : the upper (lower) house of p., suprema (inferior) regni curia (Sch.) : both houses of p., uterque regni senatus (id.): to convene p., consi- lium regni advocare, convocare: act of p., senatus consultum; lex (Bau.): house of p., *regni curia; *senat£is populique conveniendi locus: member of p., *supremae curiae regni senator, *senator Britannicus (Sch., of the upper house). — *unus ex evocatis regni ; ♦qui lectus est in populum regni; *qui ascriptus est ordinum conventui (of the lower house). PARLIAMENTARY, *secundum consuetudinem et instituta consilii publici or curiae regni. PARLOUR, cubiculum quotidianum ; habitatio; diaeta. PARMESAN (cheese), *caseus Parmensis. PAROCHIAL, parochialis (Eccl.); or by the gen. of parcecia. PARODY, s. parodia (Gr. in Q., Ascon.) ; or Crcl., ficti notis versibus similes (Q. 6, 3, 97) ; poetae versus ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum de- torti (Eichst.). PARODY, v. carminis argumentum ad ludum jo- cumque convertere ; poetae versus ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum argumentum detorquere (Eichst.). PAROLE, promissum, fides data (word of honour). PARONOMASIA, agnominatio (Auct. ad Her.). PAROXYSM, accessio (febris; Cels.). — (doloris) morsus or stimulus (C). PARRICIDE, \\Murder of a parent, parrici- dium; caedes (g. t. for murder) : to commit p., parrici- dium or caedem facere ; parricidio se obstringere; parricidio se inquinare or se maculare, sanguine ne- fando se respergere. || The murderer of a parent, parricida. patris (matris, &c.) interfector(Q ). — parriclda parentis sui; or Crcl. qui patrem (matrem, &c.) occidit or necavit. — parricidio obstrictus or inquinatus. PARROT, psittacus (Plin.). PARRY, || To put by a thrust, ictum or peti- tioner! vitare, cavere, cavere et propulsare; also (without mention of the thrust or weapon) cavere. vitare (with the sword). — |^P° ictum declinare. peti- tionem declinatione et corpore effugere, or simply ictum effugere (= to avoid by a motion of the body).— To p t PAR tleverly or successfully, recte cavere : to p. and thrust, cavere et repetere. || Fig.) To avoid, declinare, evitare, effugere. PARSE, notare singula verba (Bau.). PARSIMONIOUS, parcus. tenax. Jk. parcus et tenax. restrictus. Jk. restrictus et tenax. PARSIMONIOUSLY, parce. maligne. tenuiter. Jn. parce ac tenuiter (e. g. vivere, to live p.). PARSIMONY, parsimonia {in athg, cs rei). — tena- citas (close-fistedness, *L. 34, 7, 4). — malignitas (the niggardliness that withholds fm others the full measure of what is due to them). m PARSLEY, apium; oreoselinum; petroselinum. PARSNEP, pastinaca (Plin.). PARSON, *persona ecclesiae ; *sacrorum antistes ; presbyter (presbyter); clericus (clergyman); *rerum sacrarum minister. PARSONAGE, *domus in qui habitat clericus parochialis ; *aedes, domicilium sacrorum antistitis. PART, ^Portion, pars; portio (part to wch one has a right, portion ; gg^" in the best prose portio occurs only in the phrase pro portione). — membrum (member of the body, of a sentence). — locus (passage, section of a book, fyc). The middle, extreme, upper, lower part, is expressed in Latin by the adjj. medius, extremus, infi- mus, summus : by or in p.'s, per partes ; particulatim (opp. summatim, or totus); ex parte (opp. totus); carp- tim (opp. universi); nonnulla parte: / for my p., ego quidem, equidem (according to my views, fyc. ; {§||p° not quod ad me attinet). — pro mea parte (according to my power) : each for his p., pro sua quisque parte (each according to his power) : to divide into p.'s, in partes di- vidcre or distribuere : to get or receive a p. of athg, partem cs rei accipere : to have p. in athg, cs rei partici- pem, or in parte, in societate, cs rei esse ; partem or societatem in qa re habere (in athg good). — cs rei socium esse (in athg good or bad). — affinem esse cs rei or ci rei (in athg bad; e. g. i'acinori): to take p. in athg, partem cs rei capere (e. g. administrandas mpublicae ; Suet. Oct. 37). — in partem cs rei venire; interesse ci rei (to be present at, to be personalty concerned with; e. g. pugnae). — attingere qd (to be engaged i?i). — commoveri qa re (to sympathize with) : to have no p. in athg, cs rei expertem esse ; partem cs rei non habere; non contu- lisse ad qd (not to have contributed to). \\ Party, partes (pi. ; implying difference of principles or interests). — factio (clique of partizans) : to lake p. with, cs partes suscipere, amplecti; ad causam cs se adjungere: the one p. ... the other p., pars ... pars ; partim ... partim (also with a gen. or the prep, ex) ; pars or partim ... alii, se, a; alii, ¬ pro pari; see Bentl. Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55); parem gratiam referre ci (ib. 4, 4, 51). || To pay one' i addresses to, qm petere.— cs amore teoeri, captum esse ; qm in amore babere (to be in love with: cause for effect). || Intrans.) = to be pro- fitable, fructum ferre; quaestui, quaestuosum, fruc- tuosum esse (C); in reditu esse (Plin.); qd omnem impensam pretio suo liberat (Col. 3, 3 ; pays its ex- penses ; see also To Cover, end) : the book p.'s well, uberrimus est libri reditus. Pay down, solvere, exsolvere, persolvere; pen- dere (lit., to weigh). — expendere (lit., to pay by weigh- ing out). — numerare (to count). — dinumerare (only in the Com.). — dissolvere (to pay a debt by counting out the money : g§§r dinumerare only in the Com. writers). — dependere (to pay down without abatement; see Herz. Cces. B.G.I, 44). See also Pay. PAYABLE, solvendus; dissolvendus. The bill is p., *pecunia ex syngrapba dissolvenda est. PAY-DAY, dies pecuniae (see L. 34, 6). To pray that the p.-d. may be postponed, rogare de die ; beyond the year, plus annua die postulare. PAYMASTER, || One who pays (g. t.), qui solvit. A good, dilatory, bad p., bonum, lentum, malum no- men : a dilatory p., who makes all sorts of excuses, lentus infitiator (see Interpp. ad C. Cat. 2, 10, 21). || Of the forces, tribunus aerarius (at Rome). — dis- pensator belli or cui negotium pecuniae dispensandae datum est (in war). — quaestor (the military p. at Rome). To choose aby he pleased for p., quern veliet, eligere ad dispensandam pecuniam (Np. In this sense the office implies virtually the whole management of the war). PAYMASTERSHIP, munus tribuni aerarii.— munus quaestorium (in an army). PAYMENT, solutio ; numeratio (a reckoning or counting out). Immediate p., repraesentatio : p. of a debt or loan, solutio nominis, rerum creditarum. Often by the verbs. PEA, pisum ; cicer (chick-pea) : of peas, pisinus : of the size of a pea, magnitudine pisi (aft. Plin. 37, 1 0, 54) ; ad pisi magnitudinem (aft. Veget. 3, 12, 3): as like as two peas, tam similis, quam lac lacti est (Plaut. Mil. Glor. 2, 2, 85 : see Like). PEACE, pax (in all the senses of the English word). — pacis tempus (a time of peace). — otium (outward rest or tranquillity, whether of individuals or of states). — Con- cordia (unity, internal tranquillity ; of individuals and of states). — tranquillitas, animi tranquillitas, animus quietus (peace of mind). In p., (in) pace : in war and in peace, see War : to treat of p., agere de pacis con- ditionibus ; colloqui de pacis legibus (per inter- nuncium ; aft. Flor. 2, 6) ; pacificare (to make p. by negotiation ; as L. 5, 23, extr., legati venerunt pacifi- catum) : they negotiated about a p., colloquium fuit inter ipsos de pacis legibus : to offer p. to any one, ci ultro pacis conditiones ferre : to enter into p., pacem inire : to conclude or make a p., pacem facere or pacifi- care (with any one, cum qo); pacem conficere, com- ponere, constituere, conjungere, coagmentare, con- ciliare: to keep or preserve p., pacem or pacis fidem servare : to disturb the p., pacem (concordiam) turbare : to break the p., pacem frangere (g^iT poet, rumpere); fidem pacis non servare: to live in p., in pace esse, vivere (not to be at war). — concordia vivere (to live in concord or unity); with aby, concorditer vivere cum qo; pacem servare cum qo : to live in p. with the neigh- bours, pacem cum finitimis colere (aft. L. 8, 17, extr.) : disturber of p., pacis turbator (prop.) ; reipublicae turbo, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii (fig., one that undermines tranquillity within a state). — bomo turbulentus ; turbarum auctor (g. t., a causer of dis- turbance) : to have no p. for, = by reason of, any one, ab qo sollicitari, vexari, turbari ; for athg, male habet me qd : to leave a person in p., qm non turbare, non vex- are : leave me in p. ! noli me turbare ! omitte me ! quid mihi tecum? to let aby go in p., qm cum pace dimit- tere : he has no p. of conscience, agitatur angore con- scientiae : an article of p., pacis lex: conditions of p., pacis conditiones, leges : to propose conditions of p., pacis conditiones ferre : to prescribe conditions of p., pacis conditiones dicere : to offer conditions of p. to any one, ci ultro pacis conditiones ferre : to accept con- ditions of p., pacis conditiones accipere : to refuse con- ditions of p., pacis conditiones dimittere ; pacis condi- tiones uti nolle : p. to thy ashes! tua ossa bene quies- cant (Petron.); tua ossa molliter cubent (0.); bene PEA placideoue quiescas (terraque tibi sit super ossa levis ; Tib.). PEACEABLE, PEACEFUL, pacis amans or amator (fond of peace). — placidus (quiet; e. g. mores, rarely used of persons). — placabilis (easily pacified or ap- peased). — concors (living in harmony: $g§° both pacifi- cus and pacatus in this sense are bad Latin). — quietus, tranquillus (not in a state of agitation or of war ; tend- ing to peace).— pacatus (pacified, tranquillized). A p. disposition, pacis amor: to be p., pacem colere cum qo (aft. L.8, 17, extr.). PEACEABLY, PEACEFULLY, quiete; tranquille (!§§f° pacifice is not Lat.in). All things went on p., *sine turbis, sine tumultu, transacta sunt omnia. PEACEMAKER, pacificator (C. ; rare).— pacis auc- tor (L. 39, 53, 2).— pacis reconciliator (L. 35, 45, 3: these esply of particular instances in wch a person has made a peace). — pacis arbiter (who decides on the terms of a reconciliation). To act the part of a p.-m., per- sonam pacificam tueri (aft. C. Att. 8, 12, 4) : to have re- course to aby as a p.-m., reconciliatore pacis (et discep- tatore de iis, quae in controversia cum qo sunt) uti qo (£.): a p.-m. in a state, interpres arbiterque concordiae civium, arbiter civilis discordiae (L. 2, 33, 11 ; Just. 16, 4, 9). PEACH, malum Persicurri, or simply Perslcum (Plin.). P.-tree, Persica, Persica arbor (Plin.) ; *Amyg- dalus Persica (Linn.) : p.-blossom, flos Persicae. PEACOCK, pavo (masculus); HgHf not pavus, wch is un-Class. ; so also, p.-hen, pavo (t'emina), not pava : a p.'s tail, cauda pavonis : the eye of a p.'s tail, oculus caudae pavonis : a p.'s feather, penna pavonina : of or belonging to a p., pavoninus : like a p., pavonaceus. PEAK, montis cacumen (Plin.); vertex (C); fas- tigium, culmen (Cats.). PEAL, s. sonitus ; crepitus. A loud p., sonitus vehemens, gravis (heavy ; C): p. of thunder, fragores (e.g. inter horrendos fragores micabant ignes; L. 21, 28). PEAL, v. sonare ; sonum reddere. PEAR, pirum. P.-tree, pirus, i, f. PEARL, margarita (papyaphnr, g. t.).— unio (single large p.). — elenchus (eKeyxos, large pear-shaped p.'s, worn three together, as pendants to ear-rings ; Bottiger's Sabina). — tympanum or tympanium (rvpiravov or tv/jl- ndviov,fm being in the shape of a kettle-drum ; quibus una tantum est facies et ab ea rotunditas, aversis pla- nities, ob id tympania vocantur; Plin.). To deal in p.'s, negotium margaritarum exercere (aft. Aur. Vict, de Fir. Illustr. 72): a dealer in p.'s, margaritarius (fern, -a) : the p.-fishery, ^margaritarum conquisitio : to be eng aged in the p.-fishery, margaritas conquirere (but |8g|r margaritas urinari is absurd ; it arose probably fma misunderstanding of Plin. 9, 35, 55 extr., margari- tas urinantium cura peti) : a wreath of p.'s, *corolla margaritis distincta : a siring of p.'s, or p.-necklace, linea margaritarum: a necklace of one siring of p.'s, monollnum ; of two, dillnum ; of three, trilmum : to wear a p.- necklace, margaritis in linea uti ( Ulp.) : p. ornaments, ornamenta, in quibus margaritae insunt (Paul. Big. 34, 2, 32, $ 7): mother-of-p., unionum con- cha (or concbae): inlaid, fyc. with mother-of-p., unionum conchis distinctus (Suet. Ner. 31): a diver for p.'s, urinator or urinans (diver). PEARLY, gemmeus ; gemmans : p. meadows, grass, prata gemmea (P£m. Ep. 5, 6, 11 ; p. with dew). — nerbae gemrnantes rore recenti (Lucr. 2, 319 ; with p. drops of dew). PEASANT, agricola, agri cultor (in respect of occu- pation; l§|ip° ruricola is poet.)— rusticus (in respect of occupation or of manners ; a boor). — agrestis (one that lives in the country ; also in respect of manners, a rough unmannerly boor, (gglp" The rusticus violates the conventional laws of behaviour ; the agrestis also offends agst natural propriety ; opp. urbanus). — rusticanus (grown up or educated in the country). — paganus, vica- nus (a villager ; opp. oppidanus). PEASANTRY, pi. of Peasant. PEASE, pisa, pi. Of p., pisinus. PEAT, *humus turfa (Linn.). PEBBLE, calculus ; lapillus. PEBBLY, calculosus. PECCABLE, *culpae, delictis, obnoxius ; *pravis cupiditatibus obnoxius. Rather by Crcl. with the verb peccare, &c. PECCADILLO, levior noxa ; leve delictum ; vitiurn minus. PECCANT, vitiosus ; nocens ; peccans, qui peccat. PECK, s. the English peck is somewhat more than the Roman roodius. Prps sts to denote the fourth of a 94 PEE bushel, we may say quadrans, or quadrans medimni (the medimnus was a measure of corn among the Greeks containing six modii). PECK, v. rostro appetere ; pinsere (Pers.). PECKER, (A bird) picus. PECTORAL, pectoralis; or by gen. of pectus. PECULATE, peculation facere, depeculari (C); peculari (H.) ; avertere pecuniam (of embezzling public moneij). See ' To be guilty of peculation.' PECULATION, peculatus (us) publicus (robbery of the public purse). — argenti circumductio (g. t. for fraud in money matters; Plant. Capt. 5, 4, 34). — suppressio judicialis (embezzlement of money paid into court, or for carrying on a cause; C. pro Cluent. 25). Also by Crcl. with pecuniam avertere (de avertenda pecunia quaero abs te, &c. C.) ; so also avertere merces. To be accused of p., peculates accusari : to be guilty of p., pecuniam retinere et supprimere. pecuniam avertere (g. t.). peculatum facere (rob the public treasury). PECULATOR, depeculator aerarii. peculator (of the treasury).— qui pecuniam avertit, supprimit, &c. PECULIAR, proprius (in C. only with the gen. ; opp. communis). — meus (tuus, suus, &c, i. e. my, thy, his, fyc, own). 3s. proprius et meus; praecipuus et proprius (special and peculiar). — peculiaris (that any one alone possesses as a property). Jn. peculiaris et proprius; privatus (that belongs to any one as private property; opp. publicus). — singularis (characteristic of a person or thing).— a custom common to all or quite p. to you, con- suetudo communis vel tua solius et propria : the p. property of liberty is to live as one pleases, libertatis pioprium est vivere ut velis : a thirty has its p. nature, rei est natura propria et sua : this is p. to myself, hie meus et mos ; sum natura ita generatus ■ it is p. to mankind, est natura sic generata hominis vis, &c. (see C. Fin. 5, 15, 43): by p. right, jure quodam suo. PECULIARITY, proprietas (peculiar nature). — natura (natural or characteristic quality). One great p. of his style is, quod orationi ejus eximium inest (Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 17). Often to be rendered by the adj. PECULIARLY, proprie (C); peculiariter (Q. ; Plin.). PECUNIARY, by pecuniae or nummorum. Sts pecuniarius (e. g. inopia rei pecuniae, p. distress, C. ; praemia rei pecuniariae, a p. reward, C. ; pecuniariam litem agere, Q.). PEDAGOGIC, *ad artem liberos educandi institu- endique spectans, pertinens. PEDAGOGUE, paedagogus ; magister. PEDAL, *pedale (organi or instrumenti musici). PEDANT, homo ineptus (according to the def. given by C. de Or. 2, 4, 17, comes nearly up to this notion; comp. Ruhnk. Sen. Ep. 76, 13, p. 4).— homo putidus (wearisome, tedious fm the length of his explanations). — homo tetricus (stiff, unbending; checking every outbreak of mirth). Obs. doctor umbraticus in Petron. (= 'a private tutor, attending at the pupil's own house). PEDANTIC, ineptus. putidus. tetricus. Syn. in Pedant. I fear it would be p. to, fyc, vereor, ne puti- dum sit, fyc. PEDANTRY, ineptiae (g. t.).— putida jactatio. But these words do not express the notion with any tolerable accuracy. Ruhnk. uses pedantismus with a qualifying expression ; e. g. pedantismi vitium (utamur enim Gallico verbo, quum in Latina lingua non satis aptum huic rei nomen inveniamus). Krebs suggests vanitas, quam hodie novo vocabulo pedantismum vocant (the fault meant being partly expressed by the vanitas Gree- cula of Latin writers). PEDDLE, || To trifle, ineptire; nugari; ineptias facere. \\ To act as a pedlar, *merces ostiatim venditare. PEDESTAL, stylobates (Gr. ; Vitr.). PEDESTRIAN, pedester. A p., pedes, itis. PEDICLE, pediculus (Col. ; Plin.). PEDICULAR, pedicularis ; pediculosus. PEDIGREE, s. stemma gentile, or simply stemma (post-Aug.). To recite one's whole p. fm memory, me- moriter progeniem suam ab avo atque atavo proferre (Ter.) : to draw up the p. of a family, farniliae originem subtexere (Np.). PEDIMENT, fastigium (C. ; Vitr.).— tympanum (the surface or space within the pediment; Vitr). PEDLAR, *qui ostiatim meTces venditat; iustitor (esply of fancy articles ; institor delicatarum mercium, Sen. Ben. 4, 38, 3).— circitor (esply a seller of old clothes). To be a p., *merces ostiatim venditare. PEEL, s. cutis (thin skin of fruits). — tunica (of corn and farinaceous plants). — cortex (bark of trees). PEEL, v. || Trans.) tunicam, cutem, detrahere PEE de.squamare. To p. a tree, corticem arbori in orbem detrahere; decorticare arborem ; delibrare arborem (to take off the inner bark). || Intrans.) cutem, crustam, depor.ere or exuere; desquarnari (Plin.); cortex ab arbore recedit (peels off). PEEP, s. || A look, aspectus, conspectus. To take a p. at, oculis percurrere qd (hastily).— aspectum con- verter qo ; oculos conjicere inqd; intueri; contueri; aspicere qd : a p.-skow, *cista ubi rerum imagines in- trospicientibus repraesentantur (Doer.). || First ap- pearance ; at p. of day, (cum) prima luce; sub lucis ortum ; diluculo (primo). PEEP, v. (To cry as chickens) pipire (Col.); pipare (Farr. ap. Non.). || Peep at or into, oculis percurrere qd; oculos conjicere in qd; intueri; aspicere qd; introspicere (into). || Peep, or Peep forth, ostendere se ; apparere. The day p.'s forth, dilucescit. PEER, s. par (an equal). — *magnas, unus procerum Britanniae, Gallia? (of Great Britain or France). PEER, v. latius se ostendere; se offerre; offerri. PEERAGE, *dignitas, locus, optimatum, procerum, magnatum. PEERLESS, incomparabilis ; eximius ; singularis ; unicus. PEEVISH, morosus ; difficilis : old age makes me p., amariorem me senectus facit (C. Alt. 14, 21, 3) : to become p., incidere in morositatem (C). PEEVISHLY, morose. PEEVISHNESS, morositas (C); morositas naturae (Ruhnk.). PEG, paxillus (C); cultellus (Vitr.) ; epigrus (a peg for fastening, instead of a nail ; prps only in pi. ; Sen.). To come down a p., *lenius, mollius agere ; *qd remit- tere. PELICAN, pelecanus or pelicanus (Hieron.); pele- canus onocrotalus (Linn). PELISSE, vestis pellicea, or simply pellis (an outer garment lined wWi skin or fur). In the ordinary ac- ceptation of the word, the same terms may be used with quam vocant, &c. PELLET, pilula (Plin.). PELLICLE, pellicula (C). PELLITORY, herba parietaria (Plin. Pan. 51); parietaria (Appul. ; Linn.) ; *asplenium ruta muraria (Linn. ; p. of Hie wall). PELL MELL, promiscue (without distinction). — confuse, permixte (without distinction or order). That is or lies p. m., promiscuus ; confusus ; permixtus. The Latin also expresses this idea by compounds with per, &c. ; e. g. permiscere ; commiscere ; miscere omnia ac turbare ; confundere; turbare. PELLUCID, peliucidus, translucidus. To be p., pellucere; pelluciditatcru habere; lucem transmittere (Sen). PELLUCIDTTY, pelluciditas (Plin.). PELT, s. pellis ; corjum ; pelles ferinae (of wild beasts; Just.). Cover ed with p., pellitus. PELT, v. re qa petere ; e. g. to p. with mud, luto petere (foedare, polluere) qm. There is a pelting shower, magna vis aquae dejicitur (L.) ; imber effundi- tur iCurt.) : a pelting sh^icr, imber effusus. PEN, s. penna scriptoria, or }m context, penna only (used first in tlie eighth century ; Isid. Orig. 6, 14). — calamus scriptorius, or fm context, calamus only (of a reed).— stilus (of metal). To split a p., «pennam or calamum findere : to make a p., calamum or pen- Jiani temperare (aft. C. ad Qu. Fr. 2, 14) : to nib a p., calamum or pennam exacuere (aft. Plin. 17, 14, 24, § IOC): to dip one's p. in (the ink, fyc), calamum or pennam intiugere (aft. Q. 10, 3, 31): to lake up one's p., calamum (pennam) .sumere; sriluni prehendere; ad scribendum se conferre (jo set about writing) : to be able to write with any p., quicunqne calamus in manus meas venerit, eo uti tamquam bono (C. ad Qu. Fr. 2, 15, no. A. § 1): to guide the p. (the hand) fur aby, scribentis manum manu superimposita regere (Q. 1, 1, 27) : the p. does not mark, crassum atramentum pendet calamo(o/V. Pers. 3, 11): not to touch a p., nullam literam scribere: nothing but what is excellent could come fm the p. of such a man, *nil nisi egregium ab ejus viri scriptione prodire poterat. PEN, v. See Write. PEN UP, || Fig.) constipare. (| Prop.) pecus textis cratibus claudere (t). PENAL, \\Relating to punishment, Crcl. A p. law, *lex pcenam sanciens. || Having a punish- ment attached, poena or (stronger ) supplicio dignus (of persons or things). — animadvertendus (of things ; e. g. facinus). 95 PEN PENALTY, poena (g. t.).— multa (esply a fine). To condemn to a p., pcenam statuere in qm (Suet); pcenam constituere ci (Cces.); pcenam irrogare ci (Q. gggT pcenam irrogare not before time of Empp. ; multam irrogare ci (C.) was the act of the accuser, or tribune of the people, proposing that the p. should be so much). To condemn to a p. of so much, multam (with gen. of the amount) imponere or ci dicere (both L.). I am willing to suffer the p. of the law, non recuso, quo minus legis pcenam subeam (Np. Epam. 8, 2): to sub- ject oneself to a p., pcenam or multam committere. See also Punishment. PENANCE, || Penitence, repentance, vid. To do p. for athg, qd luere, expiare ; pcenas cs rei dare, pendere, de-, ex-pendere, exsolvere. || (Ecclesias- tical) penalty or satisfaction, piaculum. To impose p., piaculum ab qo exigere. PENCIL, s. || A small brush, peniculus (Plin.); penicillus (C). \\A lead p., *stilus cerussatus; *gra- phium cerussatum. PENCIL, v. Prop.) penicillo pingere. || Fig.) pin- gere. PENDANT, As an ornament, *ornamentum pendulum. — inaures (ear-rings). PENDING. See During. A suit p., lis nondum judicata. PENDULOUS, pensilis ; pendulus. PENDULUM, prps *perpendiculum. PENETRATE, penetrare, intrare (to enter; prop, and fig.). — invadere (to rush in ; prop, and fig. .■ all three with a simple ace, or with in and an ace). — influere, infundi (to flow in; of a great number). — se insinuare (to penetrate imperceptibly). — descendere (to descend, go down ; e. g. ferrum haud alte in corpus descendit ; ferrum in ilia descendit [poet.] : then fig., of impres- sions on the mind, fyc. ; e. g. hoc verbum in pectus ejus alte descendit). PENETRATING, penetrans, acer. acutus (sharp) — gravis (that falls heavily ; fig., weighty). A p. voice, vox peracuta : a p. mind, acumen ingenii ; perspicaci- tas. PENETRATION, acumen or acies ingenii ; acutum, acre, ingenium (C); ingenii sagacitas (Em.); ingenii felicitas (Ruhnk.); animus acrior (C); or simply in genium ; acumen ; sagacitas ; sollertia ; subtilitas ; calliditas : to be a man of great p., ingenio esse acerri- mo, acutissimo; ingenii acumine florere. PENINSULA, paeninsula (L., Plin.) ; also by Crcl. e. g. the Peloponnesus is a p., Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est (C. de Rep. 2, 4). PENITENCE, pcenitentia (peccatorum); *doloi ex peccatorum recordatione conceptus or susceptus. vis pcenitendi (e. g., so deep or sincere was his p., tanta vis erat pcenitendi!) PENITENT, pcenitens (C.) ; *poenitentia tactus, commotus ; *pcenitentiam agens cs rei. To feel p., pcenitet me; agor ad poenitendum ; subit me pceni- tentia; about or for athg, pcenitet me cs rei or (less cmly) ago poenitentiam cs rei : so p. was he ! tanta vis erat pcenitendi ! PENITENTIAL, *pcenitentiam testans, declarans. P. tears, *lacrimae quas pcenitentia peccatorum elicit : a p. psalm, *psalmus, carmen, ad poenitentiam pecca- torum vocans : p. feelings, *animus ad mentem vitam- que emendandam paratus. PENITENTIARY, adj. by pcenitentiae ; or ad poeni- tentiam (pertinens). PENITENTLY, *animo pcenitente or pcenitentia commoto, tacto. PENKNIFE, scalprum librarium (Suet. Vitr. 2).— scalprum (T. Ann. 5, 8; 5, 2). — *culter plicatilis (a clasp knife). PENMAN, qui scribit (g. t.) ; scriptor (author). An elegant or accomplished p., qui eleganti or nitida manu literas facit (aft. Plaut. Pseud. 1, 1, 28). PENMANSHIP, *ars scriptoria. *calligraphia; *ars commode scribendi. PENNANT, *vexillum nauticum. PENNILESS, perpauper. egentissimus. omnibus rebus egens. omnium egenus. cui minus nihilo est. To be p., ci minus nihilo est. See also Poor. PENNY, *numus, teruncius. (g5gp These words do not, however, express exactly the value of our p., so that it may be necessary sts to retain the term). Not a p., ne numum quidem (e. g. will I give). To agree to a p., ad numum convenire (C.) : to pay to a p , ad assemreddere qd (Plin. Ep.): not to be able to get a single p., ne numum quidem auferre posse (C). PENNYROYAL, *pulegium ; *mentha pulegium (Linn.). PEN PENNYWEIGHT, ♦quadrans drachmae. PENNYWORT, *Lysimachia nummularia (Linn.). PENSILE, pensilis ; pendulus. PENSION, s. stipendium; beneficium annuum ; annua ad honorem praebita, orura, n. (aft. Suet. Tib. 50, # Vitr. 10, 16, 3). To grant a p. to aby, annua ad henorem praebere (g. t.); de publico quotannis cer- tam mercedem ci tribuere ad honorem (Vitr. 10, 16, 3 ; of a public life) ; *annuo stipendio qm juvare, susten- tare (for support). PENSION, v. See 'to grant a Pension to:' to p. off, *pacto annuo stipendio qm dimittere, in vacationem muneris dare : to p. an officer, praefectum militum commodis emeritae militiae dimittere (aft. Suet. Cat. 44); qm cum annuis praebendis dimittere (a civil officer). PENSIONER, miles missicius (a soldier pensioned off; see Suet Ner. 48).— *qui victu apud qm utitux pacta mercede; *cui gratuitum victum, or quotidi- anum victum gratis, praebetur ; sts *alumnus. PENSIVE, cogitaburidus (very late, Appul.); in cogitationibus defixus (in a p. altitude) or animum in cogitationibus defixum hahens (aft. C). PENT UP, clausus; inclusus. PENTACHORD, pentachordus (Marc. Cap.). PENTAGON, pentagon (Math.). PENTAGONAL, pentagonus or pentagonius (Auct. de Limit.); pentagonium (cinquefoil ; Appul.); quin- quangularis (Math.). PENTAMETER, pentameter (Q.). PENTATEUCH, Pentateuchus or Pentateuchum (Tertull.). PENTECOST, Pentecoste, es, /. (Tertull.) The feast of p., *dies Pentecostales or *dies festi Pente- costes. J-gST Not f e s t u m Pentecostale. PENTHOUSE, *tuguriolum parieti affixum. PENULT, PENULTIMATE, paenultimus. The p., paenultima (sc syllaba). PENURIOUS, parcus ; tenax ; parcus et tenax ; restrictus; restrictus et tenax; malignus (p. towards others). Very p., praeparcus : to be p., parce vivere (live closely).— parcere (with dat.) ; parcum, tenacem esse {with gen.); parce ac tenuiter vivere. PENURIOUSLY, parce; maligne ; tenuiter. Jn. parce ac tenuiter (e. g. vivere, to live). PENURY, penuria ; egestas ; summa paupertas. PEONY, paeonia (Plin.). PEOPLE, «. i| Persons (g. t.), homines, pi. ; fre- quently, however, in Latin homines is omitted: a) with adjectives ; e. g. many p., multi ; all p., omnes ; good p., b>ni: b)ivhen followed by qui; e. g.thereare p. who say, sunt, qui dicant : there are p. who believe, sunt, qui exis- timent: c) in the phr. people (= persons generally, most men) say, dicunt; narrant. || Persons belonging to any one, cs familia(Me slaves, $c, collectively ; see Cces. B. G. 1, 4) — cs famuli, ministri (servants). — cs comites, qui qm comitantur (attendants). — cs milites (soldiers) ; my, thy, fyc, p., mei, tui (see Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 46 ; of the servants) : to belong to the people of any one, esse ab qo. || Persons derived fm a common origin, gens (as descended fm one ancestor). — natio (as belonging to the same country, and possessing the same national characteristics ; so that one gens may include many nationes). — genus (a race distinguished by certain peculiar excellences or good qualities). — populus (a so- ciety of free citizens, or of men united under one common government; the Latins also used nomen in this sense to designate some particular people defined by the con- text; e. g. Hannibal, inimicissimus nomini Romano, to the Roman p.) : foreign p., nationes, or gentes, exterae ; populi externi. || The inhabitants of a town, 8fc, populus (the p. of all classes ; distinguished sis fm the principes or senatus, sts fm the plebs).— plebs (the lower orders; distinguished sts fm the patricii, nobiles; sts fm the populus). — vulgus (the common people; i. e. not so much those of the lower ranks as those who are personally and individually inferior to others, being culpably igno- rant, low-minded, or immoral). — cives, civitas(tfAe body of citizens): in the name of the p., publice: out of the pockets of the p., publice ; publico sumptu ; de publico (so that the p. bear the expense). — impendio publico (so that the p. suffer loss) : a man of the p., homo plebeius (in speaking of his descent). — homo de plebe (in speak- ing of his actual position). PEOPLE, v. frequentare (incolis): top. a place with colonists, coloniam or colonos deducere, mittere qo (the former when a person himself leads the colonists to a place): neopled, frequens, celeber (populous, opp. de- seitus) PEPPER, s. piper, eris, n. : white p., p. album (H. 'J6 PER Sat.); candidum (Plin.): black p., p. nigrum: p. corn, granum piperis (Plin.); bacca piperis (Vitr.). PEPPER, v. pipere condire qd : peppered, p?p*- ratus (Plin.). PEPPER-BOX, *pyxis piperis. PEPPER-MILL, *mola piperi molendo. PEPPERMINT, *mentha piperata (Linn.). PEPPER-TREE, arbor piperis (Plin.). PEPPERWORT, piperitis (Plin.); •Lepidium latl- folium (Linn.). PERADVENTURE. See Perhaps. PERAMBULATE, perambulare (mly poet., but per- ambulare multas terras, Varr.); peragrare; lustrare; perlustrare (L., Veil.); obire ; percurrere. PERAMBULATION, peragratio. lustratio (both C); or by the verbs. PERCEIVABLE, PERCEPTIBLE, quod sub as- pectum or oculos cadit; quod in conspectum cadit; quod oculis cerni, percipi potest ; aspectabilis. PERCEIVABLY, palam ; aperte ac palam; evi- denter; manifesto. See Plainly. PERCEIVE, || To see, vid. || To observe, mark, videre ; videre animo ; cernere ; cernere mente ; perspicere ; sentire. Jn. sentire ac videre ; intelli- gere; animadvertere : one may easily p., facile intelligi, or conjici, potest : as far as I p., quantum equidem video, or intelligo. PERCEPTIBLY. See Perceivable. PERCEPTION, animadversio ; or by Crcl. with the verbs. PERCEPTIVE, quo cernimus, percipimus, &c. PERCH, s. || A pole, pertica; decempeda, ae (as a measuring rod): a Utile p., pertica pusilla. || A cer- tain measure, pertica (Frontin. ; because the land was measured witd a pole, pertica). \\ A certain fish, perca (Plin.). PERCH, v. (arbori) insidere, considere (of several) ; (in arbore) sedere. PERCHANCE, fortasse ; forsltan (the latter always with the subjunctive. [§§1?° Fortassis is rare ; fo»san is poet.). $gjsSF Observe also that forte is not to be used for fortasse in all cases ; but the rule is that the Latin has always forte, and not fortasse, after si, nisi, ne (not so after num). — haud scio an, nescio an (nullus, nemo, numquam), as a modest or diffident form of expression. See also Perhaps. PERCUSSION, percussio; pulsus. PERDITION, exitium; interims. See also De- struction, Ruin. PEREGRINATION, peregrinatio (C). PEREMPTORILY. See Absolutist, Posi- tively. PEREMPTORY, || (In law) peremptorius (Ulp.). A p. citation, peremptorium (sc. edi'stutQ, Hermog. Dig. 42, 1, 53); disceptationi perimeridae dictns, con- stitutus (aft. Cces. B. G. 5, 27, 5). |j Positive, ab* solute, vid. PERENNIAL, || Lasting o~ year, perennis ; an- nuus. || Lasting many years -0}ot.), perennis. To be a p., perennare (e. g. quo melius ficus perennet, Col. 12, 5, 2; but this is only of keeping i long time; still perennis, perennare must be retained as t it.). PERFECT, plenus (g. t. having its full number, size, 8fc). — integer (whole, vnmutilated, #^° Forsitan stands only in principal, not in de- pendent sentences: hence it would be wrong to say, quum forsitan haec tibi nota sint, for fortasse. Neither of these two must be used in questions, or after si, nisi, ne).— forte (only after si, sin, nisi, ni, ne. Kruger adds to these num : Gorenz num and ecquid : Krebs in his second edition rejects both of these, and says that in questions 'perhaps,' 'perchance' should be left untrans- lated).— ■g3p B fors, fors sit, forsit are all poet,— fortasse 97 an (Varr. and Gell. : forsan ** poet., forfassis once stood in several places in C, where fortasse is now read, Krebs). — haud scio an, nescio an (after wch nullus, nemo, numquam are to be used for ' any,' 'any bo dy,' 'ever,' e.g. huic uni contigit, quod nescio an u'lli, wch prps never occurred to any one else, Np.). In questions: 'whether perhaps any,' (after queerere, percunctari, &c.) is to be translated by ecquis (or ecqui), ecqu&e (or ecqua), ecquid (not by si quis). Thus quaeris ecqua spes sit ! fac sciam, ecquid venturi sitis. — P. somebody, forsitan quispiam; qs forte. Unless p., nisi forte: if p., si forte: lest p., ne forte. PERIGEE (in astronomy), *perigaeum (t. t). PERIHELION (in astronomy), *perihelium (*. t.). PERIL, periculum; discrimen; Jn. periculum ac discrimen. See Danger. PERILOUS, periculosus; periculi plenus; anceps; dubius. See Dangerous. PERIOD, || Sp ace of time, spatium temporis; tempus, (pi.) tempora; aetas (age). — tempestas (a space of time with its characteristic distinctions, a p. marked by its history). — |§§P°aera in this sense is very low Latin ; periodus is without authority: nop. of my life, nullum aetatis meae tempus. || End, vid. \\ Sentence, orbis orationis or verborum ; circuitu3 orationis; verborum circuitus, complexio, ambitus, comprehensio ; Jn. comprekensio et ambitus verbo- rum ; verborum continuatio, constructio ; conversio orationis (C), or simply, ambitus, circuitus, compre- hensio, circumscriptio. continuatio (see C. Brut. 44, 162 ; id. Or. 61, 204 ; BglT periodus in this sense is not strictly a Latin word; C. gives ambitus, circuitio, &c, adding once quern Graeci irepiobov, &c. in Greek cha- racters, once si sic periodum appellari placet ; and so Q. hist. 9, 4, 14; but it has been cmly employed in this sense by modern writers; and sts for perspicuity it may be necessary to adopt it) : well-constructed p.'s, arguti, certique et circumscripti verborum ambitus (C. Or. 12, 138): a complete p., comprehensio plena (ib.) : a short p., brevis comprehensio et ambitus ver- borum (C. Brut. 44, 162) : too long a p., nimis longa sententiarum continuatio (C. de Or. 3, 13, 49) : avoid long p.'s, fugere oportet longam verborum continua- tionem (Auct. ad Her. 4, 12, 18) : a neat and well- rounded p., apta et quasi rotunda verborum constructio (C. Brut. 78, 272) ; forma concinnitasque verborum facit orbem suum (C. Or. 44, 149; the p. is well rounded). PERIODICAL, adj. || Recurring at intervals, certo tempore recurrens : p. diseases, morbi accidentes et remittentes ; morbi certo tempore recurrentes : p. winds, etesiae (pi., of the winds that blew in the Mediterranean, fyc, in the dog-days) ; verti, qui certo tempore in qo loco flare consueverunt or qui certo tempore ex qa cceli parte spirant (cf. Cccs. B. G. 5, 7 ; Gell. 2, 2, extr.). P. writings <:7 works, prps ephemerides. \\ Constructed in periods, coin- positus; circumscriptus; numerose et apte cadens: a p. style, oratio structa, apta, vincta (opp. oratio soluta or dissipata) ; verborum apta et quasi rotunda constructio; circumscriptus verborum ambitus (C). PERIODICAL, s. *ephemeris, *plagula ephemeri- dum, actorum diurnorum (daily). — *libellus hebdoma- dalis (weekly).— «libellus menstruus (monthly).— libellu» trimestris (quarterly). PERIODICALLY, \\At stated intervals, certis temporibus or certo tempore; or by Crcl., e. g. morbus nunc accedit, nunc recedit. ||/k regular periods (of style), circumscripte et numerose (e. g. dicere) ; oratio bene cadit et volvitur (C. Or. 69, 229; is constructed p.). PERIPATETIC, peripateticus. PERIPHERY. See Circumference. PER1PHRASE. See Circumlocution. PERISH, perire (to lose life prematurely). — interire (to cease to exist; stronger than perire, and used of living beings, or of things without life). — occidere (to disappear ; properly, of living beings when they die, and fig., of beings without life ; e. g. spes occidit). — cadere, concidere (to sink to decay or ruin, of things; e. g. a state, a house, a family). — tolli (of bei?igs, to disappear) : to p. in the waves, aqua mergi : to p. by shipwreck, naufragio perire or interire. PERISHABLE, PERISHING, fragilis; caducus; fluxus. PERISTYLE, peristylum (C); peristylium (Vitr.). PERITONAEUM, peritonaeum (in later writers); expressed in Veget. 2, 15, 3, by a Crcl., membrana, quae intestina omnia continet. PERIWIG. See Peruke. PERIWINKLE, || A shell-fish, pectunculut (Plin.). M plant, *vinca (major, minor, Linn.). 2 R PER PERJURE {oneself), perjurium facere; perjurare; pejerare. PERJURED, PERJURER, perjurus. PERJURY, perjurium. PERMANENCE, perpetuitas; or rather by the verbs, perm-mere, &c. PERMANENT, perdurans ; permanens ; perpetuus ; contitiens; continuus : to be p., manere; permanere; perdu rare. PERMANENTLY, perpetuo; usque. PERMEABLE. See Passable. PERMEATE. See Pass through. PERMISSION, concessio (a granting, conceding, C. Fragm., Or. in Tog. Cand., ii, 1, 522, ed. Orelli). — permissio (a permitting, allowing. ggJT concessus et permissus only in the abl.). — potestas, copia (power, right, authority given. — |@g|r venia never of itself means 'permission,' but connivance, for- bearance, indulgence). — arbitrium (free-will). — licentia {want of restraint): to give p. to any one, veniam, licentiam, potestatem ci dare; p. to do athg, cs rei or qd faciendi potestatem ci facere, concedere; licentiam ci concedere; licentiam ci permittere ut &c. ; permittere, concedere ci, for athg, qd : to give boys p. to play, pueris ludendi licentiam dare : to ask for p., veniam petere : to obtain p., veniam accipere, impe- trare ; datur ci potestas, copia ; fit ci potestas : to have p., habere potestatem, concessam licentiam; mihi licet, permissum, concessum est : with your p., permissu or concessu tuo ; si per te licitum erit ; pace tua ; pace quod fiat tua; bona venia tua liceat; bona venia me audies {if one is about to speak) : without my p., me non concedente ; me non consulto ; me invito (agst my will) : without aby's p., injussu cs : to speak with p., bona hoc tua venia dixerim; sit venia verbo; sit honos auribus ; tuis honos sit habitus auribus : with p. of all, consensu omnium. PERMIT, || To allow, concedere (mly on being entreated; opp. repugnare). — permittere (opp. vetare). — largiri (fm kindness or complaisance). — facultatem dare, or potestatem facere cs rei. permittere licentiam, ut &c. (to put it in aby's power to do it). — cs rei veniam dare, or dare hanc veniam, ut &c. (to show indulgence in athg). — It is permitted, concessum est (g. t.). — licet (is permitted by human law, positive, customary, or traditional). Jn. licitum concessumque est. — fas est (by divine law, including the law of conscience). Jn. jus fasque est. — As far as the laws p., quoad per leges liceat (or licitum est, for present lime). || To suffer, sinere, pati, ferre, &c. See Suffer. PERMITTED, licitus, permissus, concessus. PERMUTATION, permutatio; vices (pi.); vicissi- tudo. See Change. PERNICIOUS, perniciosus (C); pernicialis (L., Plin.) ; exitiosus, exitialis; noxius (C. ; noxiosus Sen.); damnosus; detrimentosus ; nocivus (Plin.). PERNICIOUSLY, perniciose; nocenter; pestifere (C. $*^r not exitiose, Augustin). PERORATION, peroratio, epilogus (formal).— con- clusio, finis orationis (less formal). PERPENDICULAR, directus ad perpendiculum, or simply directus (opp. pronus, or pronus ac f'as- tigatus): $g^° perpendicularis only in later writers: to be p., directum esse, or simply esse ad perpendi- culum. A p. line, linea, quae cathetus dicitur or cathetus only (h «aflero?, sc. Ypajujui?)- To let fall a p., lineam, quap cathetus dicitur, demittere in (with abl). PERPENDICULARLY, ad perpendiculum ; ratione perpendiculi ; ad lineam ; directo (e. g. deorsum delabi, to fall down p.). PERPETRATE. See Commit. PERPETRATION. See Commission. PERPETUAL, i| Lasting, perpetuus (uninter- rupted). — perennis (of constant duration).-*- continens, continuus (following immediately one after another). — sempiternus. aeternus [Syn. in Eternal]. Jn. per- petuus et aeternus ; perpetuus et sempiternus. P. snow, nives quas ne aestas quidem solvit: p. rain, assidui imbres ; imbrium continuatio : p. drought, siccitates (see Herz. Cces. B. G. 4, 10): p. fever, febris continens or continua or assidua : p. toil, labor assiduus or conti- nuus: p. diligence, assiduitas : p. sleep, somnus con- tinens. || Assiduous, fyc. assiduus. sedulus. &c. [Syn. in Assiduous]. PERPETUALLY, perpetuo (in one unbroken line). — semper, numquam non (always). — continenter. sine intermissione. nullo temporis puncto intermisso (con- tinually, without intermission ; gggT fontinue et continuo are not Class.). — assidue (constantly, unin- PER terruptedly; $|gr assiduo is not Class.).— usque (co?i- tinually). PERPETUATE, perpetuare ; perpetuum efficere (C.) : to p. one's name, nomen suum immortalitati commendare ; nominis memoriam adaequare cum omni posteritate. PERPETUITY, perpetuitas ; or by the adj. PERPLEX, turbare. confundere. conturbare. See Confound. PERPLEXED, ||(0/ things), turbarus. contur- batus. perturbatus (put or thrown into disorder ; cont. and pert, also = confounded). — confusus (out of order ; then also = confounded) ; Jn. conturbatus et confusus. — inconditus (not properly arranged). — impeditus (diffi- cult, not easily to be unravelled as it were, $c). — per- plexus (unintelligible, obscure, intricate) : a p. speech, oratio confusa ; sermo perplexus : a p. and intricate affair, res impedita, contorta, difficilis; Jn. difficilis et contorta. 11(0/ persons), perturbatus. (animo) consternatus (beside oneself, put out of one's way). — (animo) confusus (disturbed). — commotus. permotus (agitated). — percussus (shaken). — perterritus (violently frightened) : p. in one's head (mind), mente tur- bata : my head is quite p., sum animo conturbato et incerto: to make aby p., cs mentem turbare (of the understanding). — cs animum confundere (of the mind, the courage, fyc). — qm conturbare or perturbare (to confuse aby) : to become p., mente turbari (to become p. in one's head). — memoria turbari. memoria cs con- funditur (aby's recollection becomes p.). PERPLEXING, difficilis; impeditus; Jn. difficilis et contortus. PERPLEXITY, mens turbata ; animus conturbatus et incertus. See Confusion. PERQUISITES, pecuniae extraordinariae (of a public officer; cf. C. Verr. 2, 70, 170). PERRY, vinum quod fit, or factum est, de or ex piris (Pallad. 3, 25, 11 and 19). PERSECUTE, consectari. insectari. vexare. To p. the Christians, Christianam religionem insectari (aft. Eutrop. 10, 16, extr.); populum Christianum vexare : to p. those who have served the state well, bene de republica meritos viros consectari. PERSECUTION, insectatio. vexatio flgHT perse- cutio is a legal term): p. of the Christians, Christianae religionis insectatio (aft. Eutrop. 10, 16) ; populi Christiani vexationes (Sulp. Sev. ; gjgT not Chris- tianorum persecutio. It may often be conveniently rendered by the verb). — Spirit of p., *eos, qui aliter sentiunt, insectandi studium. PERSECUTOR, vexator. ci infestus; g§|r perse- cutor in this sense is not found in good prose: a p. of the Christians, Christianae religionis vexator (Eutrop.) ; populi Christiani vexator ; Christiano nomini inimicus, or inimicissimus (aft. Np. Hann. 7, 3). PERSEVERANCE, perseverantia (wch is not de- terred by opposition or hindrance). — constantia (con- stancy).— assiduitas (incessant duration). — pertinacia (pertinacity, almost to excess). — pervicacia (endeavour- ing to accomplish- a purpose or to gain a point). — obstinatio, obstinatior voluntas, obstinatus animus (firm determination or decision; in a bad sense, obstinacy) : firm p. in one's opinion, perpetua in sententia sua permansio ; obstinatio sententiae: p. in fidelity, obstinatio fidei. PERSEVERE, perseverare (v. pr.) — constare (with or tvithout sibi, to be consistent). — perstare. consistere. persistere (to stand to, not to depart fm; cf. Herz. Cces. B. G. 6, 36). — manere, permanere (to abide by; all these usually with in re). To p. in one's principles, stare suis judiciis : to p. in one's course of life, in vitae perpetui- tate sibi constare: to p. in an undertaking, perstare in incepto : to p. in a purpose or design, perseverare in proposito; tenere consilium; consilium non mutare; PERSEVERING, perseverans (not deterred by ob- stacles). — constans (consistent). — firmus (abiding firmly by athg). — offirmatus (stronger than firmus). — tenax cs rei (tenacious). — assiduus (that applies steadily to athg, thatdoesnot easily relinquish). — obstinatus (that persists in spile of entreaties, #c). — pervicax (that pursues, or energetically persists in carrying on athg). — firmus proposito (Veil.). — tenax propositi (who does not easily relinquish a purpose). PERSEVERINGLY, perseve.ranter ; constanter ; firmiter; offirmato animo; pertinaciter; pervicacius; obstinate; obstinato animo. [Syn. in Persevering.] PERSIFLAGE, caviilatio. PERSIST. See Persevere. PERSON, || Exterior appearance, species. PER forma, corpus, statura. statura corporis. Jn. forma et species, et statura (the whole p.). To have a fine or handsome p., pulchra esse specie, forma, corporis: of a diminutive p., corpore parvo ; statura parva (esse) : Dionysius custodiam corporis feris barbaris committe- bat (the custody of his p. ; C.) : to know one by p., nosse qm de facie (C. Pis. 32, 81). || Part which one plays, persona; partes (pi.). See Part. || Indi- vidual, persona (with ref. to the rank, character, con- duct, fyc, of the individual) : a name is the distinctive appellation of a p., nomen est quod unicuique personae apponitur, quo suo quaeque proprio vocabulo appelletur (C.): they gave the same prccnomen to three persons successively, continuarunt quodque praenomen per ternas personas (sc. familiae; Suet.): the p. of the king, persona regis (e.g. sub specie majestatis occulitur; Just.) : distinguished p.'s, homines nobiles : to have respect of p., rationem habere, ducere, dignitatis cs ; tribuere, dare qd homini (aft. C); servire personae (C): without respect of p., nulla habita ratione digni- tatis, amplitudinis. \\A human being (indefi- nitely), some one, homo (ggp^wotf persona in this sense) : three p.'s are present, adsunt tres homines : to speak agst the person, not agst the thing, in hominem, non in rem dicere (Sen.). || Party, vid. : the chief p., caput, princeps, auctor (see Head): he was the chief p. in the matter, dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit (C. pr. Sext. 28, extr.). || Oneself, not a repre- sentative, (mea, tua, nostra) persona (ego, tu, nos) : in any one's p., sumpta cs persona; cs personam indu- entes, imitantes ( gggT not sub cs persona; see Klotz. ad C. Tusc. 1, 39, 93). || In grammar, persona (Q. ; e. g. tertia p.). || In theology, hypostasis (Eccl.); or persona (t. t.). PERSONAL, adj. J$*gT Personalis and its adverb belong only to the writings of lawyers and grammarians; e. g. beneficium personale (Paul. Dig.) ; verbum per- sonale ( Gramm. ) ; verbum personaliter dicere ( Gramm. ). In all other connexions the English word must be ex- pressed by ipse, ipsius, per se (in one's own person), or by praesens, coram (personally present), or by privatus (relating to one as a private citizen ; opp. publicus), or by Crcl.; e. g suo nomine qm odisse (Cces.), to have no p. grudge agst ; nullo proprio esse in qm odio (T.), to have no p. ill-will agst. Aby's p. character, per- sona cs : to make p. attacks agst aby, in cs personam qd facere (e c. in ejus personam multa fecit asperius; C. Fam. 6, 6, 10); or in qo efficere qd (e. g. quid in P. Scipione effecerint) : to disregard one's p. wrongs, omit- tere privatas offensiones. PERSONALITY, || Individuality, cs persona. The p. of Satan, *persona diaboli : to deny the p. of the evil spirit, «diabolum naturam esse corpoream negare. H Remark directed agst an individual, contu- melia; pi., acerbe dicta, quibus qs qm perstringit, pungit : to abstain fm p.'s, abstinere omni verborum contumelia (aft. C). PERSONALLY, fo/ipse; praesens; coram; per se; suo nomine (gj»^" personaliter only once in Gell.): to be p. acquainted with aby, qm ipsum nosse, qm de facie nosse ; opp. qm non nosse, qm or cs faciem ig- norare: he appeared p., ipse aderat. PERSONATE, agere (e. g. nobilem, principem, con- sulem); (personam) sustinere: tres personas sustinere, to p. three different individuals. PERSONIFICATION, ficta alienarum personarum oratio (aft. Q. 6, 1, 25).— fictio personarum (Q. 9, 2, 29). — personarum confictio (A quit. Rom. p. 145, ed. Ruhnk.). — usually prosopopoeia (Gr.; id.); conformatio (Auct. ad Her. 4, 53, 68). PERSONIFY, It To represent as human, *hu- manam speciem ci rei dare; humana specie induere qd. || To introduce a thing as speaking or acting, rem in personam constituere ; rem lo- quentem inducere; rem mutam loquentem facere et formatam ; ci rei orationem attribuere ad dignitatem accommodatam aut actionem quandam {all Aquil. Rom. p. 145, ed. Ruhnk. ; Auct. ad Her. 4, 53, G6); rem ipsam loqui or agere fingere (see Q. 6, 1, 25). PERSPECTIVE, s. scenographia (of scenic paint- ings, Vitr. 1, 2, 2, where it is explained as consisting in frontis et laterum abscedentium adumbratio, ad circini- que centrum omnium linearum responsus) : ea ars pictoris qua efficit ut quaedam eminere in opere, quae- dam recessisse credamus (Q. 2, 17, 21). In Vitr. 7, prajf. 11, we find the following description of painting in p. ; Democritus and Anaxagoras wrote on this subject of (scenic) p., Democritus et Anaxagoras de eadem re scripserunt, quemadmodum oporteat ad aciem ocu- lorum radiorumque extensionem, certo loco centro 99 PER constituto, lineas ratione natural! respondere, uti de incerta re certae imagines aedificiorum in scenarum picturis redderent speciem, et quae in directis planisque frontibus sint figurata, alia abscedentia. alia promi- nentia esse videantur. According to the rules of p., ut ad aciem oculorum radiorumque extensionem, certo loco centro constituto, lineae ratione naturali respon- deat (aft. Vitr. 7,prcef. 11). — *scenographice. PERSPECTIVE, adj. *scenographicus (awnvofpacpi- kos). PERSPICACIOUS, perspicax (clearsighted).— saga* ad qd perspiciendum. subtilis (fine; discriminating accurately). — acutus (sharp, acute). — acer (vigorous). — [8^§P° argutus is ' over-acute,' drawing too subtle dis- tinctions!] Jn. acutus et perspicax. To be p. in athg, perspicacem esse ad qd (e. g. ad has res; Ter.): a p. understanding, ingenium acre or acutum; mens acris: very p., peracutus, peracer: to be very p., acutissimo, acerrimo esse ingenio; ingenii acumine valere. PERSPICACITY, perspicacitas (C). perspicientia cs rei (e. g. veri, C. ; insight into it). See Acuteness. PERSPICUITY, perspicuitas ; evidentia; lux. P. is the best quality of style, perspicuitas est summa vir- tus orationis (Q. 1, 6, 41); or by an adv., e. g. planius qd exprimere, dicere (with p. ; C.) : dicere clare, plane, dilucide, enucleate. PERSPICUOUS, planus, perspicuus. illustris. evi- dens. dilucidus (C). luculentus (S.). distinctus. Jn. dilucidus et distinctus. PERSPICUOUSLY, perspicue. aperte. lucide. di- lucide. clare. distincte. enodate. enucleate, plane (C). PERSPIRATION, sudor. To throw into, excite p., sudorem excutere, elicere, evocare, ciere, ducere, facere : to check p., sudorem coercere, inhibere, sistere, se- dare, reprimere (Plin.). PERSPIRE, sudare (C); sudorem emittere (Plin.); in sudorem ire (H.). PERSUADE, || To induce by argument or fair words, persuadere ci (to succeed in convincing or persuading : pers. ut = to p. aby to do athg: with infin., or ace. and inf. = to p. or convince him thai athg is so and so ; i. e. to convince aby of a fact or the truth of an assertion [An exception is Np. Dion, 3] ; it takes a simple ace. only of pronouns). — qm perpellere, ut &c. (to urge one to do a thing).— qm impellere (to urge on), cr adducere (to bring to), or inducere (to lead, induce) ad qd, or followed by ut. — ci auctorem esse, cs rei, or followed by ut (to cause one to do athg). — commodis verbis delinire, ut &c. (to talk over ; Auct. Argum ad Plant. Mil. v. 4). To be persuaded, persuasum habere, with ace. and infin. ||§|r Persuasum habeo is much less common than mihi persuasum est, or mihi persuasi. Withm\hi persuasi only a pron. can stand as the obj. /hoc mihi persuasi. With persuasum habere the dat. of the pron. is extremely rare, the only passage being, sibi persuasum habebant (Cces. B. G. 3, 2, end). Hence avoid mihi persuasum habeo. Top. aby of athg, ci qd or de qS re probare (C. ; ci qd credi- ble facere is mod. Lat., though credibile qd facere is right; Krebs): to p. aby that 8,-c, persuadere ci qd, or de qa re : / shall not be persuaded of this, hoc quidem non adducar, uttredam; non facile adducar (not in- ducar) ad credendum: J am not persuaded that §c, non adducor or adducar (with ace. and inf. without any verb of believing). \\To convince, vid. PERSUASION, persuasio; or by the verb, e.g. per- suadendo me adduxit, mihi persuasit, ut sententiam ipsius sequerer. PERSUASIVE, ad persuadendum acrommodatus (C.) ; persuasibilis (Q. 2, 15, 13). ggp" Suasorius means 'hortatory.' PERSUASIVELY, apposite ad persuasionem (e.g. dicere; C); persuasibiliter (Q. 2, 15, 14). PERT, pracax(boislerousty forward fm assurance and impudence).— protervus (impetuously, recklessly, inso- lently forward). — lascivus (full of fun and high spirits). PERTAIN. See Appertain. PERTINACIOUS. See Persevering, Obstinate. PERTINENT, aptus ci rei or ad qd ; idoneus ad qd ; accommodatus ci rei or ad rem ; consentaneus ci rei or cum re; opportunus ci rei or ad qd. Jn. aptus et consentaneus; aptus et accommodatus. PERTNESS, procacitas; protervitas. PERTURB. See Disturb. PERTURBATION, perturbatio ; (of the mind) ve- hementior animi commotio or concitatio ; turbidus animi motus. See also Commotion. PERUKE, capillamentum. crines em-pti( false hair). — galerus, galericulum (toupee). — caliendrum (H. Sat. 1, 8, 48; see Heindorf). 2R2 PER PERUSAL, lectio; or by the verb (perlectlo occurs fnli/ once). PERUSE, legere; perlegere: to p. hastily, per- currere ; strictim attingere qd. PERVADE, penetrare, pertinere per qd ; permanere ad or in qd, pervadere qd (T.): vis vitalis caloris pertinet per omnem mundum {pervades ; C. N. D. 2, 9, 25) : to p. the minds, penetrare in animos, pervadere per animos (C.) ; descendere ad animos (L.) : joy, pleasure, p.'s the mind, animus cs perfmiditur gaudio, laetitia, voluptate, jucunditate, dulcedme. PERVADING, penetrans; penetrabilis. PERVERSE, perversus {not in a natural state or position ; not as it ought to be, of things). — pra?pos- terus {that is out of order, said or done out of due time, of things; also of persons who act in a disorderly or irregular manner). — pravus {irregular, defective, wrong in its tendency or end, of things ; e. g. mens, opinio). See also Bad. PERVERSELY, perverse {wrongly). — praepostere (opp. ordine, tempore). — perperam {opp. recte). PERVERSENESS, perversitas (g. t, of mind).— animus pravus; animi pravitas ; mens prava (C.); ingenium pravum (S.). PERVERT, pervertere, depravare, detorquere qd: top. the truth, verum convertere in falsum (C): to p. right, omne jus torquere (C.) : to p. one's words, verba in pejus detorquere. PERVIOUS, pervius {opp. invius). — transitorius {e. g. domus transitoria, Suet. ; as affording a passage fm the Palatine to the Esquiline hill). — penetrabilis {that may be penetrated). — Pervious to the air, aeri expositus {placed in the air). — perflabilis, aeri per- vius {through wch the air can blow; the latter aft. T. Ann. 15, 43, 3). — quo spiritus pervenit. quod perflatum venti recipit (to wch the air has access). PEST, \\A destructive person or thing, pestis ; pernicies; pestis ac pernicies (S^pT not lues, or vomica) : he is the p. of the youth, pesvis est adoles- centium. \\ A pestilence, vid. PEST-HOUSE, *aedificium ad pestilentiae contagia prohibenda exstructum (Plin. has pest. cont. prohibere; 23, 8, 80). PESTER, obtundere qm qa re {e. g. literis, rogi- tando) ; obstrepere ci {e. g. literis) ; (precibus) fatigare qm ; molestiam ci afferre ; ci qa re molestum or gravem esse; sts agitare, exagitare, vexare, solli- citare. PESTILENCE, pestilentia {an epidemic sickness).— lues («5 the impure material, or cause of disease). — morbus pernicaalis {a mortal disease ; 8§§p° pestis is not used in this sense by the best prose writers ; with them it has only the sense of 'a pest'): a p. breaks out in a city, pestilentia incidit in urbem : a city suffers fm p., pestilentia urit urbem : to die of p., pestilentia absumi : to be a remedy agst a p., pestilentiae contagia prohibere. PESTILENT, PESTILENTIAL, pestilens {prop.); foedus {Jig.); |£gip° pestilentiosus only in late writers: a disease is p., pestilentia in morbos perniciales evadit (L. 27, 23) : a p. atmosphere, aer pestilens {opp. aer salubris) : gglTaer pestifer is un-Class. PET, s. H Slight fit of anger, ofFensiuncula animi (a slight feeling of vexation : Plin. has indignatiuncula in this sense), or stomachus. indignatio : a great p., ira : in a p., (adj.) stomachosus. indignabundus ; (adv.) stomacbose or stomachosius (C. who also uses Ovp-iKwrepov, Att. 10, 11, 5); cum or non sine stomacho : in a great p., iratus: to be in a p., indig- nari, stomachari (qd): to be in a great p., irasci (propter qd) : to be in a p. (or great p.) with aby, cum qo stomachari; ci irasci: to throw one into a p., sto- machum ci facere or movere ; indignationem ci movere ; into a great p., bilem ci movere or com- movere ; irritare qm or cs iram. || A favorite, deliciae; amores (pi.); Jn. deliciae et amores cs ; summe dilectus ab qo ; ci dilectus praecipue. PET, v. nimium ci indulgere; nimia indulgenti& corrumpere qm ; effeminare, emollire qm : petted children, pueri molles, delicati. PCTAL. *petalum(*. t.). PETARD, *petarda (t. t.). PETITION, s. preces (pi. ; act of asking, or thing asked). — rogatus or rogatio (act of asking).— supplieium (humble p., prayer to God; L. ; not C. or Cces.). — literae (supplices), libellus (supplex) (a p. drawn up in writing; cf. Mart. 8, 31, 3): to storm one with p.'s, precibus, suppllciis fatigare qm : if you grant my p., *si feceris, quod rogo: to present a p. to uby, dare ci libellum (supplicem); supplicare ci per 100 PHI literas: to draw up a p., libellum componere : to sign a p., libellum subscribere; signare, subnotare libellum (of a minister 8fc, who looks over the p.'s presented to a prince, and writes his opinion of them on the margin, to wch he signs his name; see Suet. Oct. 1 ; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 9). PETITION, v. || To ask, beg, vid. || To pre- sent a written supplication, *petere qd per literas (in order to obtain athg). — *literis deprecari qd (in order to evert athg). — causam deferre per literas ad judiceni {accusing before a judge) : to p. aby, libello or scripto adire qm : to p. agst athg, reclamare ci rei (to express one's disapproval of athg). — provocare adversus qd (to appeal to a higher tribunal agst athg ; e. g. ad- versus sententiam, Modcstin. Dig. 48, 2, 18; adversus creationem, Papinian. Dig. 26, 7, 39 § 6). PETITIONER, rogator (C. Att. 14, 16). supplex. or by the verbs. PETREL, «procellaria (Linn.). PETRIFACTION, || The act of petrifying, by the verbs. \\ A thing petrified, *res in lapidem, saxum, versa. PETRIFY, || Prop. Trans.) in lapidem vertere (O.), convertere, mutare. Intrans.) lapidescere (Plin.); verti, mutari, abire in lapidem, in saxum ; in lapidem concrescere (of a liquid): petrified wood, *lignum fossile ; oryctodendron (t. t. ; the ancients use fossilis only for ' that wch may be dug'). || Fig.) defigere animum cs (L.). Esply the part., petrified, lapideus (Plant.) ; attonitus, stupidus (C.) ; defixus {L. ; defixum stare, 8, 7) : to be petrified, attonitum, saxi instar stare : to become petrified, obtorpescere (e. g. circumfuso undique pavore). PETTICOAT, *tunica muliebris ; or it may be necessary to retain the word : p. government, imperium uxorium (at home ; Auct. Argum. ad Plant. Asin. v. 2). — *imperium sexus muliebris (over t, kingdom ; also by Crcl. ; e. g. Medis imperat muliebris sexus). PETTIFOGGER, rabtila (C); causidicus rabiosus et ineptus. latrator (Q.). PETTISH, *ad iram proclivior ; praeceps ingenio in iram (irritable).— difficilis et morosus {of a bad temper, easily put out of humour). PETTISHNESS, *proclivitas ad iram. morositas. PETTY, parvus, exiguus. minutus. PETULANCE, petulantia. protervitas. PETULANT, petulans. protervus. PETULANTLY, petulanter. proterve. PEW, s. *sella ecclesiastica; *sedes quae est or quam qs tenet in aede sacra ; or prps it may be necessary to add septa or obstructa foribus to sedes, &c, in order to distinguish it fm an open seat; *locus quem qs in templo sacro tenere solet. PEW, v. *sellis instruere ecclesiam. PEWET, parra (Plin.) ; *tringa vanellus (Linn). PEWTER, prps the nearest word is Btannum, wch was an alloy of silver and lead ; it may be necessary to retain the word as t. t. (plumbum album = tin.) PHAETON, *currus quem Phaeton dicunt. PHALANX, phalanx, angis, /. PHANTASM, PHANTOM, phantasma, atis, n. (Plin. Ep.). spectrum, visum, umbra, vana species. — inanis et varia ex metu nostro imago (Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 7 ; of a p. of the imagination). PHANTASTIC, ineptus. PHANTASTICALLY, inepte ; more, modo hominis lymphatici. PHANTASY, || Power of imagination, vis imaginandi (Eichst.); mens; cogitatio. $*^ Avoid phantasia, except as t. t. \\An imaginary thing, res ficta ; commentum. — somnium (dream). PHARISAIC, || Prop.) by the gen. Pharisaeorum. || Fig.) simulatus; rictus; or, if necessary, by the gen. Pharisaeorum. PHARISAICALLY, more, modo Pharisaeorum ; simulate; speciose. PHARISEE. || Prop.) Pharisaeus. || Fig.) pietaLis simulator; or, if necessary, Pharisaeus. PHARMACEUTIC, medicamentarius. See Apo- thecary. PHAROS, pharus (C). And see Lighthouse. PHEASANT, phasianus, (avis) phasiana; *phasianus Colchicus (Linn.): of a p., phasianlnus : a p. house, •vivarium phasianorum : one who keeps p.'s, phasia- narius (Paul. Dig. 32, 1, 66). PHENOMENON, res nova, insolita; ostentum; miraculum (wonderful appearance). PHILANTHROPICAL, hominibus amicus; generi hominum amicus ; hominum amans, studiosus ; hu- manus. PHI PHILANTHROPICALLY, humane; humaniter. PHILANTHROPIST, amicus hominibus (A»; generi, vitae hominum amicus ; humanus (C.) : to be a p., vitae hominum amice vivere (C. Off. 1, 26, 92). PHILANTHROPY, humanitas; animus humanus (CO- PHILIPPIC, oratio Philippica (C). Impropr.) oratio severa, aspera or acris. To utter a p. agst aby, qm castigare verbis, invehi multa in qm (Np.). PHILOLOGER, PHILOLOGIST, philologus (e. g. homines nobiles illi quidem, sed minime philologi, C). — grammaticus. — literarum antiquarum stuciiosus. PHILOLOGICAL, philologus (norfphilologicus : both in Latin and Greek characters, in C. : — according to Sen. a philosopher attends only to the meaning of writings, the thoughts expressed; the philologus to the points of history, antiquities, fyc, necessary for their elucidation; the grammaticus to the words. Suet, places the philo- logus above the grammaticus and literator as a man qui multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur). P. matters, enquiries, points, philologa, n. pi. (C. de philologis, Att. 13, 29, 1). — Others give *ad studium antiquitatis or humanitatis pertinens. PHILOLOGICALLY, grammatice ; or by the adjj. PHILOLOGY, *antiquitatis studium. «antiquarum literarum studia {the study of ancient literature). — humanitatis studium, humanitatis disciplina or doc- trina {of study as forming the intellect). — grammatica, n. pi. ; studium literarum, quod ii profitentur qui gram- matici vocantur (grammatical and critical studies, exegesis, fyc). — *philologia (as t. t.). H^ST Avoid literae humaniores, studia humaniora; wch are not Latin. PHILOSOPHER, s. philosophus (cpi\6aocft supported the arch, fornix : locavit pilas pontis in Tiberim, quibus pilis fornices ...censoreslocaverunt, L. 40, 51, 4). [| A mole, moles, agger.— pila ( V. ; Vitr. 5, 12). PIERCE, || To bore through, perforare (g. t. to make a hole through, pectora, latus ense, &c. ; also to p. [= make] windows, lumina, C). — forare (post-Aug. very rare). — efforare (only Col. ; truncum). — terebrare (with a borer or otherwise). — perterebrare (with a borer). || To stick athg through, trajicere, trans- fodere, confodere, configere, trans verberare (e. g. vena- bulo); peicutere. To p. aby with a sword, ci latus transfodere gladio; qm gladio transfigere (poet, cs pectus gladio vr ferro haurire) : with a dagger, qm sica conncere, qm pugione percutere (for wch T. has fodere cniy); one's heart with a knife, cultrum in corde cs 102 PIL defigere. ||Impropr.) to wound deeply (e. g. the heart), percutere, vulnerare. PIERCER, terebra. PIERCING, penetrans. See Sharp, Acute. PIETY, pietas erga Deum (reverence and love towards God). — sanctitas (course of life pleasing to God). — Jn. pietas et sanctitas; sanctimonia (virtuous disposition, innocence) : to have credit for great p., magna pietatis et sanctitatis laude florere. PIG, s. sus. porcus: a young p., porculus ; por- cellus: a sucking p., porcellus lactens (Col.): p.'s, pecus or genus suillum: p. meat, (caro) suilla or porcina: to buy a p. in a poke, aleam emere (See Freund, s. v. Ale a). PIG, v. porcellos edere or parere. PIGEON, s. columba, columbus ; dim. columbula, columbulus (the smaller tame house-p.). — palumbes, palumba, palumbus (the larger wood-p.): a young p., pullus columbinus : to keep p.'s, columbas alere : p.'s nest, nidus columbarum (|§y not nidus columbaris; there is no such adj.). PIGEON-HOLES, loculi (pi.). PIGEON-HOUSE, columbarium; columbarii cella ; turris, turricula (a large detached p. -h.). PIGMENT, pigmentum; color. PIGMY, homuncio; pusio; homo pusillus. — nanus (dwarf). PIKE, || A kind of weapon, hasta: a p. staff, hasta pura: p. man, miles hastatus. \\ A kind of fish, lupus (Plin.); lucius (Auson); *esox lucius (Linn.). PILASTER (in architecture), parastata, ae, m. and f. (Vitr.), or parastas, adis, /. PILCHARD, *clupea harengus minor (Linn.). PILE, s. H-4 stake driven into the ground, palus ; sublica (driven into the earth, to support, e. g., a bridge). j^^°pila pontis was the column to the spring of an arch, fornix. To drive in p.'s (for a bridge), sublicas machinis adigere. \\ A heap, acer- vus; strues; cumulus: a funeral p., rogus (|ggj|r we find pyra only in the poets and later prose writers ; it is properly — rogus ardens): to construct a funeral p., rogum exstruere : to lay upon a funeral p., in rogum imponere or inferre: to mount a funeral p., in rogum ascendere: to light a funeral p., rogum accendere. || A n ed ifi c e, aedificium. ^ Piles (a kind of disease), haemorrhois, idis, f. (Cels.) PILE, v. construere. coacervare. accumulare. cu- mulare atque adaugere. aggerare. in acervum cumu- lare, exstruere. PILFER, furari. clam eripere. subripere. furto tollere. suffurari: fm aby, qm compilare, re spoliare, PILFERER, furunculus (petty thief ).— fur (thief ). — peculator (peculator, embezzler). — depeculator (em- bezzler). PILFERING, furtificus. PILGRIM, peregrinator (a wanderer, traveller, g. t.). — *peregrinator religiosus ; *qui in loca sacra migrat ; ♦qui religionis causa peregrinatur (a travelling devotee): a p.'s garb, *vestis in loca sacra migrantium or *quam in loca sacra migrantes gerere consueverunt: p.'sstaff, *baculum quod in loca sacra migrantes gerere consue- verunt; or fm context, baculum only. PILGRIMAGE (religious), *migratio in loca sacra; *peregrinatio sacra : to go on a p., *in locum sacrum migrare; religionis causa peregrinationem suscipere, or peregre abire ; publice religionis causa peregre abire (of a large body of pilgrims). PILL, catapotium (Karaizortov, as that tvch is gulped down); pure Lat. pilula (medicata, Plin.); globulus (Scrib. Larg.): to take a p., pilulam sumere: fig., to give one a p., pungere, tangere qm : to swallow a p., patienter tolerare, devorare acerbitatem, molestiam : he has swallowed that p., haec concoxit (aft. C). PILLAGE, s. direptio ; expilatio ; compilatio ; spo- liatio; populatio, or, more strongly, depopulatio; also by verbs, e. g. bona regia diripienda plebi sunt data (L. 2, 5, asp.). PILLAGE, v. praedari. diripere. compilare. expi- lare. spoliare. populari. depopulari. PILLAGER, praedator. praedo. direptor. spoliator, populator. PILLAR, \\Column, columen (a round column for the support of a building ; fig., a support).— columna (a round p. for support or ornament).— pila (square, usually attached to walls, for strength or support) : p.'s of Hercules, columnae Herculis. |j Stay, support, columen (e. g. reipublicae, familiael. See Support. PILLARED, columnatus (Vitr.); colunmvs in- structus. PIL PILLORY. The nearest terms are: columbar {a sort of wooden collar, put round the neck of slaves as a punishment). — numella {a wooden machine, in tech the head and feet of slaves or children were fastened as a punishment). PILLOW, s. pulvinus (g. #.). — pulvinar {used on solemn religious occasions). — culcita {hard-stuffed). PILLOW, v. pulvinis instruere. PILOT, s. nauta, qui vada praevehens demonstrat (aft. Plin. 9, 62, 88). If = helmsman, vid. K Im- propr.) gubernator. — custos gubernatorque {e. g. rei- publicae, C.) ; rector et guberaator (e. g. civitatis). PILOT, v. *naves per tuta, brevia, fluminum, marium, ductare, expedire. — vada praevehentem de- monstrare {see Plin. 9, 62, 88). |j Impropr.) gubernare. gubernare et regere (e. g. civitatem).— gubernare ac moderari. To attempt to p., ad gubernacula accedere. PIMP, leno ; libidinis minister (-£.); cupiditatum cs minister (C.) ; perductor (C). PIMPERNEL, *pimpinelia {Linn.). PIMPING, adj. exilis {thin, meagre) ; exiguus {small) ; vilis {poor). PIMPLE, pustula. PIN, v. ngere, infigere qd ; affigere qd ad qm rem. PIN, s. acus {g. t. for needle, for fastening clothes or the hair) : to run a p. through athg, transuere acu; trajectare acu ; acum transmittere per. §§i|r The ancients were not acquainted with our p.'s, but used a fibula for fastening things together: fibula {athg for joining, fastening, stitching, or clasping things together). — clavus (a peg). PIN-CASE, *tbeca acubus servandis. PIN-MONEY, *annua ad mundum praebita, orum, n. : to give or allow as p. -m., ad mundum praebere : to receive or have as p.-m., *ad mundum acciuere: to give the revenue of a province as p.-m. to one's wife, uxori civitatem tribuere, bis quidem verbis, quag mulieri mundum praebeat {aft. C. Verr. 3, 33, in.). PINCERS, forceps; (vulsella, a surgeon's instrument, Cels. ; also, tweezers, Plant. Mart.) : to take hold of athg with p.'s, apprebendere qd forcipe. PINCH, || Prop.) vellicare (Q..); comprimere digitis qd: to p. one's cheeks, mala ci blande comprimere. || Fig.) urere, pungere qm: my shoes p., calcei urunt, premur.t, pedem : my stomach is pinched, torminibus laboro {Plin.). \\Pinch oneself, fraudare se victu suo ; fraudare ventrera. PINCHBECK, *aes facticium, or retain the word as t. t, PINCHFIST, PINCHPENNY, tenax ; pertinax. PINCUSHION, *pulvillus acubus servandis. PINE, s. pinus: of p., pineus. PINE, v. confici (maerore); tabescere (desiderio, dolore, curis). Pine After, cupide appetere; rei cupiditate teneri; desiderio cs tabescere {with ref. to an absent person). PINE-APPLE, »nuxpinea. PINION, s. pinnae (pi.). PINION, v. reiigare or revincire manus posttergum or post terga: also g. t., vincire, coercere; vinculis colligare. PINK, s. {a flower), *dianthus {Linn.) ; *flos diantha : a bed of p.'s, *areola dianthis consita. PINK, adj. {in colour), ex rubro palleus ; hel- volus (Col.), helvus (Varr.). PIN MAKER, acuarius {needle-maker ; Inscript. ap. Fabrett. p. 308). PINNACE, gaulus {Gell.); lembus. PINNACLE, pinna (Cces.). || Fig.) summit, vid. PINNOCK (a bird), *parus {Linn.). PINT, *prps sextarius : half p., hemina. The mea- sures do not exactly correspond. Sts, for distinctness, the word must be retained. PIONEER, munitor (Cas. L.); cunicularius {miner, Cces.). PIOUS, pius {one who maintains respect and love to God, his country, parents, and all who are near to him ; where the sense is not evident fm the context, erga Deum, erga patriam, Sjc. must be added).— sanctus {pleasing or acceptable to God).— Jn. sanctus piusque; religiosus {religious, conscientious). — Jn. relijnosus sanctusque ; sanctus ec re igiosus; diligens religionum cultei (icAo zealously complies with religious observances). — castws (pure).— intei'tr iblatueltUS in his course of life ; $jj^ integer vitae is poet.) ; Jn. integer castusque : to be p., pie Deum {or Deo») colere: to be very p., Deum (or Deos) summ a. religion e colere; omnia quae ad cultum Dei (or Deorum) pertinent diligenter tractate. PIOUSLY, pie. sancte. caste, pure. 103 PIT [ PIP, s. fl (In fruit), nucleus ; semen. |JJ disease i in fowls, pituita (Col.). PIP, v. pipire; pipilare. PIPE, s. || Hollow body, tube, fistula: p.'s of an organ, *flstularum compages, structura: tobacco p., *fumisugium; *tubulus. \\A musical instru- ment, tibia (clarionet). — fistula (syrinx, or Pan's p.'s). — arundo (cane), calamus (reed), cicuta (hem- lock; all poet, for p.). \\ A kind of large wine- cask, *dolium majoris modi quod vocant Pipe. PIPE, v. tibia, fistula canere ; fistulam inflare (to blow a p.). — more usually canere or cantare tibiis, pi. PIPE-CLAY, figlina creta (Varr.).— figularis creta (Col.). — So Diet. Antiqq. p. 418; Georges and Kraft give fm Plin. terra Samina. — *argilla ap^ra. PIPER, fistulator (on Pan's or shepherd's pipes).— tibicen (flute-player). PIQUANT, acer, acutus {prop.); acutus, salsus (prop, or fig.). PIQUANTLY, acute, salse. PIQUE, s. odium occultum or inclusum (g. t. con- cealed hatred). — simultas obscura (secret quarrel, esply political). PIQUE, v. See Offend, Irritate. Pique oneself, gloriari re, in or de re, cirea rem. PIRACY, *piratica; latrocinium maris. || Fig.) *furtum literatum. PIRATE, s. pirata, ae, m. ; praedo maritimus : a captain of p.'s, archipirata: p. vessels, praedatoiiae naves ; praedatoria classis (L.). PIRATE, v. piraticam facere ; mare infestum, habere. PIRATICAL, piraticus. PISTACHIO, pistacia (tree, Pallad.); pistacium or pistaceum (nut, Pallad. Plin.). PISTIL (in botany), *pistellum (t. t). PISTOL, *sclopetus minoris modi (Dan.; ^^ not sclopetus manuarius); sclopetus minor (Nolten.): p.- ehot, ictus sclopeti minoris modi: p. case, *theca sclopetaria. PISTOLE, 'aureus Hispanus ; (as Louis d'Or), ♦Ludovicus aureus. PIT, s. fovea (g.t.). — scrobs (opened for a sho rt time, to be filled up again). — cavea (in a theatre ; g^"m ancient theatres this denoted the whole of the space allotted to the spectators): to dig a p., facere foveam (fossam); fodere scrobem : to dig a p. for aby (fig.), insidias ci parare or struere or ponere ; perniciem ci moliri ; qm decipere fovea (Plaut. Pozn. 1, 1, 59): to fall into a p., in foveam delabi, dectdere (prop.); in foveam inctdere (prop, and fig. ; see C. Phil. 4r, 5, 12); in insidias in- ctdere (fig.) : he that digs a p. for another falls into it himself, qui alteri exitium parat, eum scire oportet sibi paratam pestem (Poeta ap. C. Tusc. 2, 17, 39); com- pedes quas ipse fecit, ipse gestabit faber (Auson. Idyll. 7, in fine epist. dedicat.). PIT, v. || To dig a pit, facere foveam, scrobem. || To store in a pit (e. g. to p. potatoes), in terram infodere ; *in scrobem or scrobiculum infodere. || To mark with holes; e. g. pitted with the small-pox, *cicatricibus variolarum insignis (of the face). Pit against, opponere (e. g. unum Eumenem ad- versariis suis opponent, Np.).— committere qm cum qo (to set one combatant to fight another ; Suet.: seld. found elsewhere). PIT-A-PAT, palpitatio : to go p., palpitare. PITCH, s. \\ Resin of the pine, pix, gen. picis. \\Degree of height, gradus : highest p. of honour, summus honoris gradus. I-SIT ' To this p.' or ' to such a p. of ... is mly translated by advv. hue, eo, &c. with gen. To this p. of arrogance, hue arrogantiae (venire) : he advanced to such a p. of insolence, eo inso- lentiae processit: you seem to be aware to what a p. of madness you have arrived, scire videmini, quo amentias progressi sitis. \\In music, sonus : a high p., sonus acutus : a low p , sonus gravis. PITCH, v. || To cover with pitch, picare; im- picare (Col. 12, 29).— liquida pice linire (Col. 6, 17, 6). \\ To fasten with pitch, pice astringere (77. Od. 3, 8, 10). || To fix, settle, ponere; statuere ; collo- care: to p. a camp, castra ponere, locare, collocare, coustituere; tendere: a pitched battle, pugna ; acies; prcpJium. \\In music, sonare : to p. high, acute soiiiire : low, graviter sonare : a pitching of the voite, conformatio vocis (C). PITCHER, urceus. PITCHFORK, furca, 3?, f. PITCHY {dark), tenebrosus ; obscurus ; caligi- nosus. PIT PITEOUS. See Pitiful. PITH, medulla (prop, and fig.). PITHY, medullosus (full of p.). — medullas similis (like p.). PITIABLE, miser, misellus. miserandus. misera- bilis. — dolendus (of things). In a p. manner. See Pitiably. PITIABLY, misere. — miserandum in modum. PITIFUL, || Compassionate, misericors, towards aby, in qra (g. t.). — ad misericordiam propensus (given or inclined to p.) : very p., misericordia singulari (vir) : to show oneself p. towards aby, misericordem esse or misericordia uti in qm ; misericordem se praebere in qm. || Wretched, mean, malus. miser. A p. fellow, homo malus, nequam, imprbbus ac nefarius. PITIFULLY, misericordi animo (jggfmisericorditer is quite un-C lass.); cum misericordia, cum miseratione. — misericordia ductus, captus, permotus (fm pity). PITILESS, immisericors ; durus; cui ferreum est pectus (Quint.). PITILESSLY, immisericorditer (Ter.). PITY, s. || Compassion, misericordia (the feeling of compassion).— miseratio, commiseratio (manifestation of compassion). — See Compassion. || A thing to be lamented, res dolenda, &c. It is a p. that fyc, dolen- dum est, quod &c. : incommode accidit, ut &c. : it is a p. that he is dead, *mors ejus dolenda est : it is a p. that he lost the money, *dolenda est jactura pecuniae : it is a thousand p.'s, maxime miserandum or dolendum est, quod &c. : *numquam satis lugere or dolere pos- sumus (e. g. jacturam, quam fecimus in qo or qa re). PITY, v. misereri, commisereri cs. miseret me cs. misericordia cs commotum or captum esse (to p. aby). — misericordia qm or qd prosequi, misericordiam ci impertire. miserari, commiserari qd (to p. and show the p. at the same time ; see Bremi, Np. Ages. 5, 2): to p. aby's fate, misfortune, cs for tun am commiserari ; casum cs miserari. PIVOT, cardo masculus. PIX, *sacra pyxis (t. t.). PLACABILITY, placabilitas. ingenium placabile. animus placabilis. animus ad deponendam offensionem mollis. PLACABLE, placabilis. To show himself p., placa- bilem inimicis se praebere, se praestare. PLACARD, s. libellus. PLACARD, v. *libellos affigere, proponere. PLACE, s. || Situation, locus, (pi.) loca; sedes (prop.) ; locus (fig.) : in p. of, loco or in locum, with a gen. (in the room of); vice, or in vicem, with a gen. (denoting exchange or substitution) ; pro, with an abl. (i. e. for, instead of, denoting relation) ; e. g. salis vice nitro uti ; in vicem legionum equites mittere ; in locum ejus invitatus sum; numos adulterinos pro bonis sol- vere: if I were in your place, si tuo loco essem ; si ego essem qiui tu es : put yourself in my p., fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te; eum te esse, finge qui sum ego. To be in the p. of aby, vice cs fungi ; cs vices obire ; cs vicarium esse ($j§§Tnot repreesentare qm). || Office, locus ; munus ; provincia : first pi., principatus. || Res idence, sedes; domicilium. || Passage in a writing, locus; (pi.) loci. PLACE, v. rem in loco statuere, constituere, ponere; locare, collocare : to p. in order, componere ; ordine dispensare et disponere; digerere; apte collocare; distincte et ordinate disponere : to p. a press or cup- board in the wall, armarium parietibus inserere : to p. athg (e. g. an image) on a shield, qd includere in clipeo : to p. (doors, windows, 8fc.) properly in a house, apte disponere : to p. money, pecuniam collocare : to p. out well, bene locare : to p. — sell his goods, merces omnes vendere. See also Put. PLACID, placidus ; tranquillus; sedatus. PLACIDITY, animus tranquillus. PLACIDLY, placide; tranquille ; sedate. PLAGIARISM, furtum (Vitr. 7, prcef); «plagium literatum (Wyttenb.): to be guilty of p., auctorem ad verba transcribere neque nominare; or cs scripta furantem pro suis praedicare. PLAGIARIST, fur ( igg^ plagiarius is one who buys, kidnaps, tyc, persons for the purpose of selling them as slaves : in the sense of ' plagiary ' it occurs only Mart. 1, 53, 9, and that in a passage where he compares his writings with emancipated slaves) ; qui aliorum scrinia compilat (aft. II.); qui auctorem ad verbum transcribe neque nominat. PLAGIARIZE, furari qd a qo (C. Att. 2, 1, 1). See also Ho be guilty of in Plagiarism/ PLAGUE, s. \\A pestilence, pestilentia flgg|r not pestis); see Pestilence. II Ji» evil, trouble, 101 PLA malum; incommodum. || Annoyance, molestia onus : to be a p. to aby, ci esse molestiae (Plant.), oneri (L.) ; onerare qm (C). PLAGUE, v. molestiam ci afferre; molestia qm afficere ; vexare ; ci qa re molestum or gravem esse : to p. oneself, se magnis in laboribus exercere. PLAICE, *pleuronectes platessa (Linn.). PLAIN, adj. || CI ear, manifest, ciarus (clear, to the sight and to the hearing; distinct ; fig., intelligible). — manifestus, perspicuus, evidens (apparent, to the eyes or to the mind). — planus (not confused, clear). — lucidus, dilucidus, illustris (luminous). — explicatus (not intricate). — expressus (accurately expressed). — distinctus (well-arranged, methodical): a very p. hand- writing, literae compositissimae atque clarissimae (C. Alt. 6, 9, \): a p. style, sermo dilucidus or distinctus : a p. pronunciation, os planum or explanatum (opp. os confusum) : a p. speech, oratio plana et evidens ; oratio dilucida or illustris : a p. image, expressa effigies or imago : a p. description, dilucida et significans de- scriptio : p. traces of the crime exist, exstant expressa sceleris vestigia : it is p., constat; apparet; elucet; liquet (§§<^" constat ref. to a truthmade out and fixed; opp. to a wavering fancy or rumour, whereas apparet, elucet, and liquet, denote what is clear and evident; apparet, under the idea of something stepping out of the background into sight ; elucet, under that of a light shining out of darkness; liquet, under that of frozen water melted; DM.). \\ Unadorned, simplex; nudus; inornatus. \\Mere, bare, merus; nudus. \\Level, aequus; planus. || Honest, candidus ; apertus ; sin- cerus. PLAIN, s. planities ; aequus et planus locus (level ground). — campus (with or without planus or apertus ; opp. to a chain of mountains). — aequor (any extended surface, frequent in the poets, but found also in C, e.g. de Div. 1, 42, iwii.V—aequata planities, exaequatio (a place made level; gg^" not planum in the foregoing sense; it is = a plane in geometry. — camporum aequor can be applied only to a very large p., and is somewhat poet.): that dwells, grows, fyc, in a p., cam pester : the Egyptians and Babylonians inhabited extensive p.'s, iEgyptii et Babylonii in camporum patentium sequo- ribus habitabant (C, I. c). PLAINLY, || Clearly, clare. perspicue. evidenter. plane, lucide. dilucide. enodate. enucleate, expresse : to speak p., perspicue dicere. plane et aperte dicere. plane et dilucide loqui. distincte dicere (p. and intelli- gibly); plane et articulate eloqui (so that every syllable is heard ; Gell. 5, 9) : to say a thing p. and clearly, ar- ticulatim distincteque dicere qd (opp. fuse disputare qd et libere, C.Legg. \, 13, 36): to write p., plane, aperte, perspicue scribere. distincte ac distribute scri- bere (with distinctness and proper order or arrange- ment; with ref. to the sense). — literate perscribere (with regard to the letters; s. C. Pis. 25, extr.) : to write p. to aby, enucleate perscribere ad qm: to pronounce p., exprimere et explanare verba (Plin. Paneg. 64, 3). — H^p" evidenter is used by L., and therefore correct; but there is no authority for evidenter videre ; it should be plane, aperte, penitus, perspicue videre (Krebs). — || Obviously, undoubtedly, sine dubio (C); procul dubio (L.); haud dubie (not sine ullo dubio).— sine ulla dubitatione (without any hesitation). — certe (cet' tainly). This reading is p. the right one, haec lectio haud dubie or sine dubio vera est : this reading is p. preferable, haec lectio sine ulla dubitatione praeferenda est. Often by Crcl. with manifestum est. He is p. a fool, manifestum est, eum esse stultum. PLAINNESS, || Clearness, perspicuitas (to the sight or mind).— evidentia, lux (to the mind; JiHgig" In T. Dial. 23, 6, plenitas [not planitas] sententiarum is the correct reading; see Ruperti in lo p.): p. and agree- ableness of voice, splendor vocis (ft^T but splendor verborum is = beauty of expression ; see C. Brut. 49, 164, %■ Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 2) : p. and correctness of style, elegantia (C. de Or. 3, 10, 39). || Simplicity, want of ornament, by the adj. simplex, &c. \\ Frank- ness, honesty, simplicitas ; or by the adjj. PLAINT. See Complaint. PLAINTIVE, queribundus; gemibundus : lamenta- bilis. PLAINTIVELY, voce lamentabili, flebili, misera- bili; flebiliter. PLAIT, s. sinus, ruga (ruga, properly a p., pucker, rumple, projecting when the garment has been folded; sinus, a crease). PLAIT, v. texere (as a weaver, to put together artifi- cially). — nectere (to entwine together; |||jp° plectere occurs only in the ptcp. plexus, in the sense of plaited; PLA and that in the poets) : to p. garlands of flowers, serta e iloribus facere : to p. ivy in the hair, hedera religare crines {poet.) : to p. the hair, comam in gradus formare or frangere; comere caput in gradus. (^^° not ca- pillos colligere in nodum, wch = to draw the hair toge- ther into a knot) : to p. a garment, plicare ; sinuare. PLAN, s. || Design (of a building), species, forma, imago, designatio. descriptio. deformatio (g. tt.). — operis futuri ngura (Vitr. 1, 2, in def. of orthographia, elevation): ground-p., ichnographia: to sketch or draw a p., operis speciem deformare ; formam or imaginem operis delineare : to build according to a p., perficere opus ad propositum deformationis : he exhibited various p.'s of baths drawn on parchment, ostendebat depictas in membranulis varias species balnearum. ||(i"« the mind), consilium, consilium institutum (as a result of deliberation). — cogitatio (a thought). — propositum (a purpose).— inceptum (a beginning). — ratio (implying a calculation of the mode of proceeding and the results). — descriptio (a sketch, in wch each particular is put in its proper place). — ordo (the order in wch every thing is to be done) : the p. of an operation, rei agendae ordo: the p. of a campaign or war, totius belli ratio: a settled p., ratio stabilis ac firms: without p., nullo consilio ; nulla ra- tione: to lay down a p., instituere, or describere, ratio- nem cs rei: todoathg according to a p., qd ad rationem dirigere ; modo ac ratione qd facere : to form a p., con- silium capere, or inire, qdfaciendi, or with the infin., or uc (to design); in animum inducere, or consrituere, with an infin., or ut (to make up one's mind, intend) ; consilium capere or inire de re : to pursue a p., rationem cs rei insistere: to give up or desist fm a p., rationem omittere. PLAN, v. To make or form a plan, prop, and fig. ; see the subst. PLANE, s. U A level surface, plana superficies. || A joiner* s tool, runcina. PLANE, v. runcinare ( Van: L. L.; Arnob.); derun- cinare (Plant., fig.); «runcina levigare. PLANET, stella errans; sidus errans ; in the plural also, stellae quae errantes et quasi vagae nominantur ; astra non re, sed vocabulo, errantes: the (five) p.'s, (quinque) Stellas eosdem cursus constantissime ser- vantes: gg^planera (planetes) is not found in good prose): the orbit of a p., circulus et orbis Stellas er- rantis. PLANETARY, adj. must be expressed by the gen. ; e. g. the p. system, *stellarum errantium ordo. PLANK, s. assis or axis ; tabula : to cut a tree into p.'s, arborem in laminas secare : oak p.'s, asses ro- boreae : to lay p.'s, coassare or coaxare : to floor with p.'s, assibus consternere, contabulare : a floor of p.'s, coassatio or coaxatio. PLANK, v. contabulare (Cas., L.); coassare or co- axare. PLANT, s. planta ; Crcl. quod ita ortum est e terra, ut stirpibus suis nitatur (C. Tusc. 5, 13, 37): to set a p., plantam ponere: to take up a p., eximere plantam; explantare qd : to remove a p., plantam transferre. PLANT, v. || Prop.) plantis serere ; serere (where t he co ntext determines the sense).— ponere ; deponere <6^F plantare, for serere, is not Class.) : to p. a place, conserere ; obserere ; (with oaks) locum quercu arbus- tare. || Fig.) figere ; collocare : to p. a standard, sig- num proponere : inflgere ; vexillum proponere : to p. cannon, *tormenta disponere ; upon the walls, in muris or per muros. || To settle (a colony), coloniam in qo loco con stituere, collocare: to p. colonies, colonias condere. PLANTAIN, plantago, inis, /. (Plin.) PLANTATION, s. I| The act of planting, satio Bg*^* not plantatio) ; or by the verb. \\A place planted, seminarium (a young p.). — locus consitus (opp. locus incultus). PLANTER, sator ; qui serit (fiStf not plantator, or qui plantat): p.'s of a colony, coloni (the colonists).— qui coloniam constituerunt or collocant in qo loco ; or (with ref. to the state) qui coloniam emittunt or mittunt qo. PLASH, v. luto aspergere (aft. H., imbre lutoque aspersus). PLASTER, s. || Mixture of lime, mortarium. materia ex cake et arenS (mortar, Vitr.).— arenatum (consisting of one part lime and two parts sand). — gypsum (sulphate of lime; used also as a stucco). — tectorium, with or without opus (p.-work). — opus albarium (ornamental stucco-work). To lay on, to coat with p.; see to Plaster, v. ^Medical applica- tion, emplastrum. To lay a p. on, emplastrum impo- rjere (Cels.). PLASTER v. n (In building), trullissare (t. t).— 105 PLA Inducere qd ci rei or Buper qd. — Illinere qd ci rei.— « circumlinere qd qS re. — contegere or integere qd qa re. [Syn . in Coat, v.] To p. walls with mud, parietibus, &c. lutum inducere (Vitr.). \\To put on a (medical) plaster, emplastrum imponere (Cels.); *emplastro tegere qd. PLASTER OF PARIS, gypsum : made of p. of P., e gypso factus or expressus (^p'gypseus is late): to cover with p. of P., gypsare : a mould in p. of P., forma gypsi (Plin. 35, 12, 45) : to take a cast of a face in p. of P., hominis imaginem gypso e facie ipsa ex- primere (ibid.): a cast or figure in p. of P., *imago e gypso expressa (as an image). — *exemplar e gypso expressum (as a mould) : work in p. of P., *opus e gypso factum : one that works in p. of P., plastes (g. t. a modeller).— gypsoplastes (late). PLASTRON (in fencing), pectorale; lorica. PLAT, s. (of ground), area, (tabula, Pallad.) PLAT, v. See Plait. PLATFORM, || A raised floor, suggebuis, us. ||-4 plan ; see Plan. PLATE, s. \\A flat, broad piece of metal, lamina; bractea (very thin): a copper-plate, *lamina aenea: copper-p. (i. e. the impression), *pic- tura linearis per laminas aeneas expressa (Ern.); *imago aere excusa (Wyltenb.) ; *imago aeneas laminas ope descripta, expressa (Kraft). \\ A platter, catillus or catillum. || Wrought gold or silver, vasa ar- gentea, aurea; or simply argentum, aurum; supellex argentea, aurea : chased p., argentum caelatum : in castris Pompeii videre licuit magnum argenti pondus (a great quanty of p., Cces. B. C. 3, 96). PLATE, v. »argento obducere ; *inducere rei argen- tum, aurum or bracteas auri, argenti : plated, brac- teatus (Sen.). PLATINA, «platina (t. t.). PLATOON, *armatorum, militum, globus, caterva : p. firing, *actus sclopetorum catervatim editi. PLAUDIT, acclamatio (in the historians; in C. it denotes a shout of disapprobation); clamores (pi.); plausus clamoresque : to receive athg with p.'s, plausu et clamore prosequi qd ; (magno) clamore approbare qd : to receive aby with p.'s, clamore et vocibus ci astrepare. PLAUSIBILITY, || Probability, vid. Spa- ciousness, species; color. PLAUSIBLE, |i Probable, vid. || Specious, speciosus (making a fair show). — simulatus, Actus (pre- tended). — fucatus, fucosus, coloratus (fair and delusive). PLAUSIBLY, in speciem. per speciem. simula- tione. specie, simulate, ficte (falsely). PLAY, s. || Sport, ludus (for recreation).— lusus (as idle pastime). — lusio (g^" ludus does not occur in C, and it is found in H. only in one doubtful passage; C. always says lusio). — ludicrum (athg by wch one amuses others): mere p., i. e. that can be done without pains, ludus. || Gaming, or any particular kind of game, alea; lusus aleae : to be fond of p., aleae in- dulgere (Suet.) : to be fortunate at p., prospera alea uti (Suet.) : to lose at p., in alea perdere qd (C. Phil. 2, 13) : to devote time to p., tempus tribuere aleae (C.) : to cheat at p., fraude decipere collusores ; fallere iu ludendo. \\Free space or scope, campus (space). — motus (movement) : the p. of one's hands, manuum motus, gestus ; actio : free p. (of a body in motion), liber motus (e. g. perpendiculi). \\ A theatrical piece, fabula, fabella (Quint. 5, 10, 9, more fully, fabula ad actum scenarum composita). Fabulae were divided into palliatae, the subjects of wch were fm Grecian life, and togatae, the subjects of wch were fm Roman life. As subdivisions of the togatae, we find a) the praetextatae, in wch Roman generals and princes were represented, and wch concerned matters of state: b) the tabernariae, with subjects taken fm the private life of the citizens, mechanics, shop-keepers, 8fc. : c) the Atellanae, a kind of farces or facetious p.'s, with interludes (called exodia; see L. 7, 2): d) the planipedes, called also mimi, in wch low Com. cha- racters and manners were represented by declamation and gestures; see Heind. H. Sat. 1, 2, 2); comcedia, tragcedia (Greek p.'s; in comcedia the subject was fm private life, in tragcedia fm heroic htstory ; cf. Diom. 3, 480, sq ed. Putsch.): to bring out a p., fabulam docere (of the poet, i. e. to give it to the actors to study; or = to cause the author to study or compose; said of the party at whose order and command it was done ; Suet. Claud. 11); fabulam discere (of an actor ; see Ruhnk. Ter. Heaut. prol. 10) : to bring a p. upon the stage, fabulam dare (of the poet). — fabulam edere (of him at whose order and command it was done; as, with PLA us, by the manager of a theatre).— fabulam agere (of the actors). — fabulam saltare (of the ballet-dancers). — *fabulam canatre (of the performers at the opera). PLAY, v. || To sport, frolic, ludere; ludendo tempus terere: to p., i. e. to trifle, with athg, nihil facere, contemnere, susque deque habere (e. g. jusju- randum, virtutem). |[ To perform a game, ludere; ludum ludere ; e. g. proelia latronum ludere, ducatus or imperia ludere : to p. a game of chance, aleam ludere (Suet.), exercere (T.): to p. for money, pecunia posita ludere: to p. low or high, parvo, magno ludere; multara pecuniam dare in aleam (high) : whose turn is it to p. ? quis provocat 1 (so likewise, in hunc colorem provoco ; hunc colorem pono, Bau.) || To p. a trick, frau- dem, ludum ludere ; fabricam fingere (Ter.); fraudem moliri (Phcadr.); excogitare (Plin.): to p. one a trick, ludum facere ci(Ter.); ludere, ludificari qm (C.) : to p. a safe game at another person's risk, ludere de alieno corio (Appul. Met. 7, p. 193, 7). || To perform on an instrument of music, canere, cantare (|$§|r«o< ludere); e.g. on the flute, violin, tibiis, fidibus: top. well, scite canere ; (tibiis, fidibus, cithara) perite uti. || To act a theatrical part, partes agere; per- sonam sustinere or tueri (ffif^Tnot personam agere; for persona signifies properly ' the mask'): fig., to p. the part of aby (i. e. to personate his c hara cter), agere qm, or cs partes ; cs personam tueri d$§gT not cs personam agere) ; simulare qm or with an ace. and infin. (to pretend to be ; J3gp° in this sense ludere qm is not Class. ; exhi- bere qm is not Latin). — To p. the fool, simulationem stultitiae agere (L. ; in pretence). — stulte agere (really). PLAYER, || On a musical instrument, canens; fidicen (on a stringed instrument). — citharista, citha- rcedus (on the cithara; the latter only when the p. accompanies himself). — lyristes (an the lyra). — cornicen (on the horn). — tibicen (on the flute).— tubicen (on the trumpet) : to be a good p. (on a stringed instrument), fidibus scite canere. \\On the stage, artifex scenicus (g. t.).— histrio (g. t.). — actor scenicus (the actor who accompanied with gestures the canticum or monologue recited by the comoedus or tragcedus). — ludius or ludio (an actor, who joined in the dancing : Iggp" comoedus denotes the reciter of the monologue in comedy ; tragcedus the same in tragedy). See also Actor. PLAYFELLOW, cum quo ludo. collusor (g. t„ both with ref. to boys, and to partners at games of hazard). P.'s, ludentes ; lusores ; collusores. PLAYFUL, PLAYSOME, lascivus (fm exuberant spirits, 8fc). — lascivibundus (Plant.). — lasciviens. — lu- dicer, -era, -crum (serving the purpose of sport, amuse- ment, #c. ; e. g. exercitatio ; of things). — jocosus (what is full of jokes, causes jokes, mirth, fyc. ; of persons or things). — jocularis. jocularius (belonging to the class of things that are found entertaining, laughable, fyc. ; of things). — ludibundus (acting in a playful manner; Plant., L. 24, 16; of persons). PLAYGROUND, locus quo pueri ludendi causa, veniunt (see C. Ccel. 15, 36) ; *locus ludendi, or ad lu- dendum destinatus ; gymnasium (fm gymnastic exer- cises). PLAYHOUSE, theatrum (theatre). — lusorium (Lact. ; a place for sports or exercise). — aleatorium (Sidon. ; a gambling-house). PLAYTHINGS, crepundia, pi. (Ter.); puerilia cre- pundia (Val. Max.): oblectamenta puerorum (chil- dren's amusements, Parad. 5, 2). PLEA, || Act or form of pleading in a court of law, causae dictio. \\ Allegation, excuse, causa ; excusatio. See also Pretext. PLEAD, || Prop.) causas agere, actitare ; causas dicere inforo; versariin foro; in judiciis causas versare (C. Or. 9, 31); causas tractare atque agere. To p. a cause, causam agere (of the whole management of it : hence apud quos [judices] causa agebatur; C. de Or. 2, 48, extr.). — causam dicere (to plead one's own cause as defendant, or another's as an orator). — causam orare, perorare (the latter with ref. to pleading it thoroughly, at great length, $c, and often with ref. to the concluding appeal: dicta est a me causa et perorata, C). — causam defendere (as advocate for defendant). To p. aby's cause, orare or dicere pro qo ; defendere qm : to p. one's own cauSe, ipsum pro se dicere. || Fig.) To allege, rationem, causam afferre; (as an excuse), excusare qd. PLEADER, causarum actor ; causidicus ; patronus causa?. PLEASANT, PLEASING, gratus. acceptus. jucun- dus. suavis, dulcis, mollis, carus. urbanus. lepidus, facetus, festivus. amcenus, laetus (e. g. tempestas leeta). [Syn. in Agreeable. J 106 PLE PLEASANTLY, jucunde; suaviter; amcene; ve- nuste; festive. [Syn. in Agreeably.] PLEASANTNESS, jucunditas. gratia, venustas. suavitas. dulcedo. Jn. dulcedo atque suavitas. amceni- tas. festivitas. lepos. [Syn. in Agreeableness.] PLEASE, placere (g. t.); delectat me qd, delector qa re (I am delighted with).— gratum, jucundum est mihi qd (it is agreeable, according to my wishes). — probatur mihi qd (it meets my approbation).— arridet mihi qd; amo, laudo qd (I am well content with). To p. greatly, perplacere (C. ; gji$^" avoid praeplacere, often used by modern writers, but not Latin) : not to p., displicere ; improbari; non probari: if it p. you, si tibi placet, libet, libitum est, videtur, commodum est ; nisi molestum est; quod commodo tuo fiat (C); si volupe tibi est (Plant.): when you p., quando visum fuerit; ubi volu- eris; ubi magis probaveris (aft. C): to endeavour top. aby, laborare ci probari (Plin. Ep.) ; gratiam cs captare (C): to seek to p. every body, se venditare omnibus (aft. C. Sull. 11, 32): to be pleased with, contentum esse, acquiescere qa re ; ferre qd. PLEASURE, || Gratification, delight, delec- tatio, oblectatio (in active or passive sense). — delecta- mentum, oblectamentum (a pleasing object, source of pleasure). — delicise, pi. (that wch delights the mind or senses by agreeable excitement). — voluptas (enjoyment, delight, of mind or body, in good or bad sense). P.'s of sense, voluptates (corporis; C); voluptates corporales (Sen. ; ftggr not corporeae = having a body) : your letter gave me great p., ex epistola voluptatem cepi, accepi ; gratae, jucundae mihi literae fuerunt: with p., cum voluptate, libenter: to give oneself up to p., indul^ere voluptati ; se dedere voluptatibus ; se dare jucunditati ; voluptates captare. || Liking, what the will dic- tates, libido (desire). — arbitrium (will, inclination). To find p. in athg, libidinem habere in re (S. Cat. 7, 4) ; — gaudere qa. re (to delight in athg; see H. A. P. 162 sq.). — delectari qa re, voluptatem or oblectationem ca- pere ex re (to delight in, to enjoy athg). — amare qd (to love). — adamareqd(£o conceive an affection for) : to take no p. in athg, rem nolle, improbare ; a re abhorrere : to do a p. to any one, gratificari, morem gerere ci (to com- ply with, to gratify).— obsequi ci or cs voluntati (to fall in with aby's will fm inclination) : to do athg for aby's p., ci qd gratificari; dare, tribuere ci (ci rei) qd (see Cortte C. Ep. 4, 5, 16; Herz. Cces. B. G. 6, 1); and so 'for aby's p.' is frequently rendered in Latin by a simple dative; e. g. I do this for his p., ei hoc do, tribuo: for his p., ejus gratia (|§g^> in ejus gratiam is not Class.): at one's p., suo commodo (at one's conveni- ence). — ad libidinem, ex libidine (according to one's humour or will).— axbitiio suo, ad arbitrium suum (as one likes; ggP" ad placitum, ad bene placitum, ad vo- luntatem, are not Latin) : at my p., ad arbitrium nos- trum libidinemque : to live at one's p., sibi indulgere (to indulge oneself). \\Athg done agreeably te one's will, officium (service). — beneficium (benefit) To do a p. to aby, gratum ci facere; (more strongly) gra« tissimum, pergratum, percommode ci facere ; optatissi- mum ci beneficium offerre (unasked; Cces. B. G. 6, 42, extr.) : you have done me a very great p. in that, gratissi- mum illud mihi fecisti : you cannot do me a greater p., nihil est quod gratius mihi facere possis; hoc mihi gratius nihil facere potes: if you will do me a p., si me amas (as a form of entreaty, in common life; see Heind. H. Sat. 1, 9, 38) : it will be a p. to me, hoc mihi gratum erit. PLEBEIAN, adj. homo vulgaris ; unus e or de mul- tis (one of the multitude).— homo de plebe ; plebejus (a citizen). — homo infimo or sordido loco natus; homo sordidus ; homo obscurus (of low birth). — homo rudis (an uneducated person). — homo inhonestus (a dishonest, vile person). Quite a p., homo ultimae sortis (with re- spect to extraction). — homo inhonestissimus (relative to character) : the p.'s, plebs (the common people, in opp. partly to populus, partly to patricii, nobiles ; also the lower class of the people, in a depreciatory sense). — vul- gus (as distinguished by ignorance, credulity, fyc, fm the better class of the people, and so implying a reflection on personal or individual character or qualifications). — multitudo (the multitude in general). PLEDGE, s. pignus, oris, n. (prop, and fig.)— hypotheca (esply of immoveables ; pignus, of moveables). — fiducia (something of wch the creditor takes actual pos- session, but under a promise to restore it on payment of the debt). — arrhabo, arrha (earnest). To give a p., pig- nus dare : to take a p., pignus capere, auferre : to re- deem a p., liberare pignus a creditore ; reddere pecu- niam, or pignus accipere : a p. of love or esteem, pignus amoris, voluntatis, benevolentiae. PLE PLEDGE, v. pignori dare, obligare, or opponere; pignerare ; oppignerare. To p. one thing for another, qd pro qa re oppignerare : to p. oneself, se pignori op- ponere (prop.) ; se oppignerare {prop, or fig.); animum pignerare {fig.). To p. oneself, fidem obligare in qd (to p. his word) : spondere qd (to promise in due form, and with obligation ; also absol.) : to p. oneself by an oath, sacramento se obstringere: to p. another by oath, spon- sione qm obstringere or obligare ; stipulatione alligare qm : to p. oneself regularly to athg (to promise in a con- tract), stipulari qd : to p. oneself to athg in return, re- stipulari qd. PLENARY, plenus. See also Complete. PLENIPOTENTIARY, cui rerum agendarum li- centia data or permissa est (cf. C. Verr. 3, 94, 220; S. Jug. 103, 2). — qui mandata habet ab qo (a commissioner). — publica auctoritate missus ; legatus (an ambassador with full powers ; 0g@T not ablegatus). P.'s came fin- Sicily, Siculi veniunt cum mandatis. IgSgT Manda- tarius, now frequently used, occurs once, as a doubtful reading, in Ulp. Dig. 17, 1, 10. PLENITUDE. See Fulness. PLENTEOUS. See Plentiful. PLENTEOUSNESS. See Plent*. PLENTIFUL, abundans. affluens. copiosus (e. g. patrimonium). — uber (e. g. produce, fructus). — opimus (e. g. harvest, messis). PLENTIFULLY, abunde. satis superque (more than enough ; denote a quality). — abundanter (in an abun- dant manner). — cumulate (in heaped up measure). — pro- lixe, effuse (in superabundance). Jn. prolixe effuse- que; large effuseque. P. furnished with athg, libe- raliter instructus qa re. To reap p., large condere. PLENTY, abundantia. affluentia. ubertas [Syn. in Abundance], copia (a sufficient quantity of what one wants fur a particular purpose ; opp. inopia). — plenitas (fulness). — copiae (p. of provisions ; Cccs. B. G. 1, 30). P. of every thing, omnium rerum abundantia or afflu- entia. affluentes omnium rerum copiae : to have p. of athg, abundare qa. re. redundare qa re (= to have too much). — suppeditare qa re (esply of means for a pur- pose; Benecke, C. Cat. 2, 11, 25: scatere qa re, poet.). PLEURISY, punctio laterum (Plin.) ; pleurltis, idis (Vitr.). To suffer fm the p., punctione laterum, laterum doloribus, affectum esse, tentari, crucian. PLIABLE, PLIANT, lentus. flexibilis. flexilis. mol- lis (prop, or fig.). — cereus (fig., of the mind or temper). PLIGHT, s. See Condition. PLIGHT, v. See Pledge. PLINTH, plinthis (tdis), plinthus (Vitr.). PLOT, s. || Parcel of ground, area; ager (larger). || Conspiracy, vid. PLOT, v. See Contrive, Conspire. PLOUGH, s. aratrum. P.-tail, buris, bura: p.- share, vomer (or vomis), eris, m. : share-beam of a p., dens, dentale: pole of a p., temo : handle of a p., stiva (also capulus; 0.): earth-boards, mould-boards of a p., aures (pi.) : the coulter of a p., culter (Plin.). PLOUGH, v. arare (also absol., as in English). — ex- arare (only trans.). — aratro subigere (to work with the plough). — subvertere aratro (to turn up with a plough). To p. for the first time, proscindere; for the second time, iterare agrum (also offringere terram); for the third time, tertiare agrum : to p. deeply, sulcum altius imprimere: to p. slightly, sulco tenui arare: ploughed land, aratio. ||Impropr.) Top. the waves, sulcare, secare, scindere (all poet. ; undas, maria, &c). PLOUGH-HORSE, equus arator (aft. bos arator ; Suet.). PLOUGHING, aratio (g. t.) ; proscissio (the breaking up of ground). — iteratio (a second ploughing). — tertiatio {a third ploughing) ; with or without arationis. PLOUGHMAN, arator; servus arator. PLOVER, *scolopax arquata (Linn.) ; *numenius arquata (Latham). PLUCK, v. || To pull sharply, vellere. vellicare. To p. up by the roots, radicitus vellere ; evellere, con- Vellere : to p. a bird, i. e. pull its feathers out, avem vellere (e. g. pullos anserum; Col.); *avi pennas evellere or auferre. || Pluck out, vellere (e. g. lanam, capillos. — pullos anserum, Col.; pilos).— evellere (pluck out or up ; e. g. linguam Marco Catoni. spinas agio). To p. out aby's eyes, oculos ci eripere or eruere. || Pluck off = gather, carpere. decerpere (g. tt.). legere (with selection ; fruits and flowers). — sublegere (to p. off some; i. e. to thin a fruit-tree). — destringere ci qd (berries and leaves). — avellere (pluck off; e. g. poma ex arboribus, Plin.). — detrabere ci qd (take away fm; fruits). Flowers plucked, flores carpti or demessi. |1 To pluck up courage, animum or (of several) 107 POA animos capere or colligere : to p. up courage again, animum or se recipere : to cause aby to p. up courage, animum ci facere or afferre or addere (of things) : to bid aby p. up his courage, cs animum verbis confirmare; firmare or confirmare qm or cs animum. PLUCK, s. \\The heart, liver, and lights drawn from an animal, exta, orum, n. pi. || Fig. In low language — courage, animus fortis; virtus. PLUG, s. obturamentum. PLUG, v. farcire; infercire; vi quadam adhibitS inserere, immittere qd. PLUM, prunum. P. -tree, prunus (Col.) : the stone of a p., os pruni (Pall.) : p.-cahe, *placenta prunis inspersa, contecta. PLUMAGE, pennae, pi. PLUMB-LINE, perpendiculum (C); perpendiculum nauticum (as used at sea). To sound with a p., *maris altitudinem explorare perpendiculo nautico ; catapro- rata maris altitudinem tentare (cf. Isid. Orig. 19, 4, fin.). See also Plummet. PLUMBER, artifex plumbarius (Vitr.). PLUME, s. || Feather, penna (the larger feather), pluma (the smaller). \\ An ornament on the head, 8fc, crista pennata. PLUME ONESELF (upon a thing), re, in or de re gloriari (C). PLUMMET, perpendiculum (a mason's p. : see C. 2 Verr. 1, 51, 133; ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 2).— perpendiculum nauticum (Dan.). — cataprorates (the lead used at sea; Lucil. ap. Isidor. 19, 4, § 10. Lindem. g§p° Cata- pirates is a false reading). To learn to use the p., per- pendiculo uti discere: to try athg with the p., ad per- pendiculum exigere qd: made straight by the p., ad perpendiculum directus. PLUMP, corpulentus ; corpulentior et habitior (Plant.). PLUMPNESS, corpus solidum et succi plenum (Ter.); bona corporis babitudo; babitus (us) corporis optimus (C). PLUMY, *pennis ornatus, obductus ( lumeus = downy; plumosus, full of soft feathers). PLUNDER, s. || Robbery, raptus cs rei; raplna (the act of robbing ; in the sense of raptum it is poet.). — raptum (property that has been seized by robbers). — praeda (game or booty). — furtum (theft ; also stolen pro- perty). — latrocinium (street-robbery). || Booty, praeda; raptum. To live by p., vivere rapto. PL UNDER, v. diripere (to lay waste, destroy, fyc. gUT In good prose only as a military term). — com- pilare, expilare (to take away by stealth). — spoliare, despoliare, exspoliare (g. tt., to deprive of).— nudare (to strip). — depeculari (to steal, embezzle). — depopulari (to depopulate, lay waste). To p. thoroughly, exbaurire, exinanire, nudum atque inanem reddere (to empty a house, 8ec). — evertere et extergere (i. e. to sweep and brush out, facete, C. Verr. 2, 21, 52). Jn. nudare ac spoliare ; spoliare nudareque ; nudare et exinanire or exbaurire; spoliare et depeculari: to p. the treasury, aerarium expilare, depeculari ; (thoroughly) aerarium exinanire, exhaurire -.top. a country, (also) praedam ex agris rapere or agere (agere esply of cattle). PLUNGE, v. || Trans.) mergere in aquam qd (C); intingere in aqua (Vitr.). || In trans.) se mergere or immergere; mergi; immergi (C); mersari (to p. re- peatedly; H. Ep.). PLUNGE, s. \\Act of plunging, by the verbs (immersio; Arnob.). || Distress, angustia, difficultas. PLUNGEON (a sea-bird), mergus. PLUNKET, caeruleus (C); cyaneus (Plin.); tbalas- sicus (Plant.). PLURAL, numerus pluralis (Quint); numerus plu- rativus (Gell. 1, 16, 13); numerus multitudinis (Gell. 19, 8, 3; better than pluralitas (Charis.), or numerus plurativus). A noun p., nomen plurale: in the p., plu- raliter. To be without a p., not to be used in the p., pluraliter non dici ; indigere numeri amplitudine. To be found only in the p., singulari numero carere. PLURALIST, *homo beneficiorum capacissimua (aft. L. 9, 16); *beneficiarius multiplex; *heluo bene- ficiorum; *homo multiplex, beneficiorum plenus, quern vocamus pluralist; *multa beneficia habens ; *multis beneficiis instructus. To be a p., «heluari beneficiis. PLURALITY, by plures, multi, &c. ; e. g. in India plures mulieres singulis viris nuptae esse solent, men have a p. of wives (C. Tusc. 5, 27, 78). PLUSH, «pannus villosus. PLUVIAL, PLUVIOUS, pluvius; pluvialis (Col.); pluviosus (of much rain). PLY, || To press, urgere. || To bend, flectere (trans.), flecti (intrans.). POA PNEUMATIC, •pneumaticus (/. t.). POACH, || To steal, plunder, furari ci qd; furto ci, ab qo, qd subducere ; surripere; (of game), *furtim, claim feras intercipere. || Poached eggs, ova assa; ova (ex butyro, ex oieo) fricta. POACHER, *praedo ferarum; *qui furtim, clam, feras intercipit. POACHING, *furtiva ferarum interceptio. To live by p., *victitare feris furtim intercipiendis. POCK, *variola(£. t.). A p.-mark, *cicatrix variolar : p.-marked, *cicatricibus variolarum insignis (of the face, #c); *ore cicatricibus variolarum insigni (of persons). POCKET, pera (a leathern travelling-bag, suspended fm the neck). — marsupium (a money-bag or purse for large sums of money ; for wch we find also zona, cingu- lum, because fastened round the waist). — crumena (a bag or purse for smaller sums of money, slu ng round the neck, and hanging on the breast). £$HT The an- cients had no pockets ; but instead of them they made use of the folds of their garments (sinus) ; hence we must always render our word 'pocket' by sinus, except when reference is made to money ; in which case we may also employ one of the words above-mentioned; e.g. to bring home fm the city a p.-full of money, sinum aeris plenum, or marsupium plenum urbe domum reportare. To put one's hand in one's p., sinum laxare or expedire (in general, in order to lake athg out). — manum in cru- menam demittere (to take out money): top., or put a thing into one's p., prop, qd in sinum inserere; (fig. i. e. to appropriate a thing) qd domum suam avertere, convertere, or ferre ; or simply, qd avertere : to p. an affront, contumelias perpeti : to search one's p.'s, qm, or cs vestem, excutere : out of one's own p., e pecu- liaribus loculis suis (Suet. Galb. 12) : a book of a p. size, *li'oer minoribus plagulis descriptus. POCKET-BOOK, pugillares, pi. (Plin.) ; pugillaria, um, pi. (Caiull.); *liber portabilis, enchiridion (any small book). POCKET-DICTIONARY, *lexicon forma minori. POCKET-HANDKERCHIEF, sudarium (Suet.). Ilgp Muccinium and orarium belong to the middle ages. POCKET-MONEY, *pecunia in sumptum pecu- liarem data. To give aby p.-m. monthly, *quot mensi- bus ci pecuniam praebere, bis quidem verbis, ut habeat, unde sumptus peculiares tolleret. POD, folliculus (of corn, pulse, and grapes).— valvu- lus (of pulse). — tunica, gluma (of corn). — vinacea, vinaceum (of grapes). To have pods, folliculis tegi. POEM, versus (g. t. verses). — carmen (a short p., esply lyric: ggp^oda is not Class. ).— poema, atis, n. (a longer p.) To write or compose a p., carmen (poema) facere, pangere, pingere, scribere (g. t.) ; carmen (poema) condere (to lay the plan of a p.). — carmen (poema) componere (to compose with art and care). — carmen fundere (to pour forth with ease and ability): I can write p.'s, possum versus facere : a short or little p., poematium (irompaTiov), or in pure Latin versiculi (see Plin. Ep. 4, 14, where he modestly calls his own p.'s also ineptiae, nugae). J^p" Odarium is not Class. POET, poeta; pure Lat., carminum auctor, scriptor, conditor (an author of verses). — vates (as an inspired bard). A p.-born, ad carmina condenda natus. POETASTER, versificator. — versificator quam poeta melior (Q.) ; poeta malus (opp. poeta bonus, C). ft^T Poetaster is barbarous. POETICAL, poeticus. A p. genius, ingenium poeti- cum; virtus poetica (p. talent): great p. genius, vena dives (cf. Jf. A. P. 409) : p. licence, licentia poetica; libertas poetica : a p. spirit, spiritus poeticus or divinus ; ingenium poeticum: p. glow or warmth, afflatus divinus. POETICALLY, poetice ; poetarum more. To use a word p., *poetarum more verbum dicere. POETIZE, versus fundere or pangere. POETE.Y, poetica or poetice (sc. ars) ; poesis. To attempt p., poeticen attingere : to have no taste for p., alienum esse a poetice : a piece of p., poema ; carmen : cultivation of p., carminum studium. POIGNANCY, acumen ; or by the adj. POIGNANT, mordax; acerbus. POINT, s. || A sharp end, aculeus; acumen; mucro (of a sword, fyc). — cuspis (of on arrow or spear). At the p. of the bayonet, punctim (aft. L.): the p. of an epigram, fyc, aculeus. \\A summit, cacumen ; cul- men; fastigium; vertex. \\ A headland, promon- torium. || Degree, gradus. To the last p., ut nihil supra. || Critical moment, temporis punctum or momentum. To be on the p. of, in eo est ut &c, qd 108 POL faciam, or ut qd fiat ($*gTAvoid in eo sum, ut, wch is found first in Servius, V. Mn. 3, 28). Also simply by the future participle active; e. g. I was on the p. of setting out on a journey, iter facturus eram : when he was on the p. of setting out, profecturus ; or sub ipsa profectione : they were on the p. of coming to blows, prope erant ut manus consererent (£.). || Particu- lar: the chief or main p., caput, summa (cs ret); cardo cs rei (posl-Aug., p. on wch alhg turns; V. Mn. 1, 672 ; Quint. 5, 12, 13, $c.). — momentum (decisive p., po-nrf): the main p. in a dispute, quaestio : the main p. of the question is, quaeritur de, with an abl. (in a philosophi- cal question). — agitur de, with an abl. (in a philosophi- cal or judicial question) : to touch only the main p. of a thing, summatim qd exponere; summas tantummodo attingere (in a narrative ; Np. Pelop. 1, 1). || Exact place: p. of view, (prop.) locus unde prospectus (to a distance) or despectus (to a lower part) est; (fig.) e. g. to consider a matter in a right p. of view, vere or recte judicare de re ; in a wrong p. of view, qd fallaci judicio (or fallacibus judiciis) videre. POINT, v. || To give a point to, exacuere; prae- acuere; acuminare (Lact.); acutum facere ; cuspidare (Plin.): jg*^" peracuere does not occur. \\ To direct, dirigere in locum. || To designate (usually with out or to), significare qd or qm (prop, and fig.); digito demonstrare qm conspicuumque facere (prop., to p. with the finger to any one whom one would distinguish among a larger number; see Suet. Oct. 45, extr .). — de- signare or denotare qm (fig., to allude to any one in a speech; see Cces. B. G. 1, 18; L. 4, 55 : ggp" indigitare and innuere in this sense are un- Class.). \\To indi- cateas a sporting dog, avemfacere (aft.Sen.). See Pointer. || To distinguish by points, inter- punctionibus, or interpunctis, orationem distinguere; interpungere. || To finish (a wall) by inlaying mortar, fyc, (parietem) effarcire caementis. POINTED, || Prop.) See the verb. || Fig.) i. e. piquant, pungent, aculeatus.— salsus (of wit, fyc). POINTER (dog), canis avem faciens (aft. Sen. Exc. Contr. 3, p. 397, 27, Bip.). — *canis avicularius (Linn.). — canis venaticus (g. t.). POINTLESS, hebes ; obtusus ; retusus (prop, and fig. ). POISE, qd suis ponderibus librare (see C. Tusc. 5, 24, 69). POISON, s. venenum (any p. fm animals, plants, minerals, Gr. Id?; meton. for a poisonous potion ; and fig. of athg injurious). — virus (vegetable p., (pdppaKov). — toxicum (prop, in wch the points of arrows were dipped, toI-ikov ; called also by Pliny venenum cervarium ; poet, for any p.). — cicuta (hemlock, kwviov, see Pers. 4, 2). — pestis (fig., a pernicious thing). Prepared with p., dipped in p., venenatus; veneno illitus (rubbed over with p.). — veneno infectus, tinctus (dipped in p.): p. that works or kills quickly, venenum praesens, velox, or repentinum (opp. venenum lentum): to mix p., venenum parare or coquere ; for any one, cs occidendi causa venenum parare ; or simply ci venenum parare; venenum in qm comparare : to take or drink p., vene- num sumere, haurire', bibere, or potare (g. t.) ; veneno mortem sibi consciscere (to kill oneself with p.) : to give or administer p., ci dare venenum: a cup of p., pocu- lum or scyphus veneni (in C. poculum illud mortis, pro Cluent. 11, 31 ; or poculum illud mortiferum, as Tusc. 1, 31, 71). — cicuta (a drink of hemlock, nwvtov): to drain a cup of p., exhaurire illud mortis poculum ; cicutam sorbere : a thing is p. to aby, qd venenum est cs. POISON, v. ci dare venenum (g. t.); veneno qm necare or occidere (to kill with poison).— veneno qm tollere, interimere, or intercipere (to remove, esply secretly, by poison). To attempt to p., veneno qm ten- tare or aggredi: to be poisoned, veneno absumi, occidi, or interimi ; veneno poto mori ; (by any one), venenum accipere ab qo (see T. Ann. 2, 96, 3). POISONING, veneficium (asa practice and a crime). — scelus veneni (as a crime). To practise p., venena facere ; hominis necandi causa venenum conficere : condemned for p., veneficii damnatus : to accuse aby of p., fingere crimen veneni. POISONOUS, Prop.) venenatus (g. t.); veneno im- butus, infectus, or tinctus (dipped in poison). — veneno illitus (besmeared or covered with poison). Fig.) acer- bus (bitter). To be p., acerba esse natura. POKE, s. saccus. To buy a pig in a p., aleam. emere. See Freund, A lea. POKE, v. petere, appetere. To p. the fire, *ignem movendo or movendis carbonibus excitare. POKER, rutabulum (prop., an oven rake). POLAR, by the gen. axis, &c, or ad axem pertinens (belonging to the pole).— axi proximus or vicinus (near POL the pole). P. star, 8eptemtrio (Plin.); Stella po!arls (t. t.) . p. circle, circulus polaris (t. t.). POLARITY, *inclinatio, quae est axes versus. POLARIZE, *axes versus inclinare. POLE, || Of the earth, axis; cardo (g§J°polus and vertex are poet.). The south p., axis meridianus : the north p., axis septemtrionalis. \\A long staff, pertica {g. t.). — contus (for pushing). — vectis (for lifting). POLEMIC, POLEMICAL, controversus ; polemicus (t. t.). — pugnax et quasi bellatorius {with Plin. Ep. 7, 797). POLEMICS, "polemica; *theologia controversa; or Crcl. *theologiae ea pars, quae se in discrepantiuni opinionum disceptatione jactat. POLICE, || Internal regulation or govern- ment of a city or community, *disciplina pub- lica (public discipline). — morum praefectura (oversight of public manners). — publicae securitatis cura (care of public safety). A law or regulation of p., *lex ad dis- ciplinara publicam spectans : regulations of p., *edicta ad disciplinam publicam spectantia: a matter of p., •res ad disciplinam publicam pertinens. || The civil force, *magistratus quibus (disciplina publica, or morum praefectura et publicae securitatis cura) delata est : p. officer or policeman, *disciplinae publicae ad- minister: superintendent of p., *disciplinae publicae praepositus : secret p., homines qui sunt in speculis, et observant quemadmodum sese unusquisque gerat, quae agat, quibuscum loquatur (aft. C. 1 Verr. 16, 46 ; and Cces. B. G.\, 20, extr.) ; delatores (spies, informers). POLICY, || Jet of government, prudentia or ratio civilis ; disciplina reipublicae (C). \\ Cunning, device, prudentia; consilium; calliditas; ars. Crafty p., callida consilia (pi.); callidae artes : to act fm p., prudenter, callide facere qd; tempori inservire, con- cedere, qd dare (aft. CO- POLISH, v. || Prop.) delevigare ; expolire ; per- polire; cote despumare (marble, %c). Fig.) expol4re ; perpolire. To p. aby's manners, excolere cs mores ; moribus ornare qm: to p. a work, expolire; elimare (Quint., but very rare; exasciare only in exasciatus in Plant). POLISH, s. by the verbs, or Crcl. with lima ; e. g. his writings want p., deest scriptis ejus ultima lima (0.); operi non accessit ultima lima (C.) ; so also oratio ex- politione distincta (by its p.). POLISHED, limatus, politus (of a refined, polished orator and style). Jn. limatus et politus ; accuratus et politus. A p. style, limatius dicendi genus ; oratio accurata et polita, limata et polita ; oratio subtilis. A p. man, homo omni vita et victu excultus atqueexpolirus. POLITE, urbanus. affabilis. comis. blandus. civilis. benignus. [Syn. in Civil.] POLITELY, urbane, humaniter. comiter. POLITENESS, urbanitas. humanitas [Syn. in Af- fable], comitas. officia urbana (civilities).— affabili- tas. dulcedo morum et suavitas. Jn. comitas affabili- tasque sermonis (in conversation). To treat aby with great p., perofficiose et peramanter qm observare ; omni comitate qm complecti : to show p. to aby, gratum facere or gratificari ci : to dismiss aby with great p., qm dimittere cum bona gratia. POLITIC, POLITICAL, civilis (@§?T A void politi- cus); if = skilled in politics, rerum civilium, publi- carum peritus, sciens ; reipublicae moderandae, regun- dae, constituendae peritus. P. disturbances, turbulentae in civitate tempestates (C.) : p. writings, libri politic! (Ccel. ap. C. Fam. 8, 1, 4). — libri qui sunt de republica, de rebus publicis (aft. C.).— scripta quae ad tractandam rempublicam pertinent (Muret.) : fm a p. point of view, *ratione civili : on p. grounds, for p. reasons, reipublicae causa : to retire fm p. life, ab omni parte reip. se subtra- here. || Politic = prudent, fyc, prudens. callidus. A p. plan, consilium callidum : to devise a p. plan, pro ratione temporum moliri qd (Cf. C. Fam. 6, 12, 2). POLITICALLY, (ggST not politice) ; ex civilis pru- dentiae legibus ; e republica. POLITICIAN, politicus (occupied with state affairs). — rerum publicarum, civilium peritus, sciens (skilled in the science of politics). POLITICLY, prudenter. callide. temporis causa. POLITY, ratio civilis. POLL, s. || H ead, caput.— Poll-tax, tributum in singula capita impositum (Cas. B. C. 3, 32 ; by C. Att. 5, 16, 2, called €Tracetas qd faciendi (power of doing athg). — aditus cs rei or qd faciendi or ad qd faci- endum (opportunity or permission given fm without; see Cces. B. C. 1, 31 # 74 ; B.G. \, 43).— locus cs rei or qd faciendi (occasion given by circumstances ; e. g. locus nocendi ; locus vituperandi ; locus est amoris augendi). There is no p., nulla datur potestas. When 'possi- bility ' denotes the presence or existence of a thing, we must use a Crcl. with esse posse ; e. g. he denies the p. of this idea, negat esse posse hanc notionem ; so also when 'possibility' denotes that a thing is capable of be- ing accomplished, fieri or effici posse ; e. g. they deny the p. of a thing, qd fieri posse negant: not to perceive the p. of a thing, non intelligere, qd fieri posse or qua ratione qd fieri posse : if there be any p., si potest (sc. fieri; see Possible). || A possible thing, res, quae fieri potest. POSSIBLE, quod fieri or effici potest (that may hap- pen or can be done).-— quod per rerum naturam admitti potest (that is not against the nature of things). gtf|r These words Paul. Sent. 3, 4, § 1. very suitably uses as a Crcl. for the unclassical possibilis. which Quint. 3, 8, 25, terms an appellatio dura, and can be endured only as philosophical t. t. Potis, pote are not adjj., but adverbs, and occur (rarely in C, morefreq. in the comic writers) only in the phrase potis est and pote for potest, potest esse, or fieri. A p. case, conditio, quae per rerum naturam admitti potest; also simply conditio (C. C. Rabir. perd. 5, 16) : it is p., i. e. a) it can be, esse potest; also potest alone; e.g. it is p. that others believe so, potest ut alii ita arbitrentur ; see Ter. Andr. 2, 1, 27. /3) it can happen, be done, fieri or effici potest. Also freq. simply potest (for fieri potest) ; e. g. so little is this p. now, ut enim id non potest. How is it p.? qui potest? if it is p., si potest: as much as p., quantum potest (poterit, &c); see C. Eel. p. 102 sq. : it w p. that fyc, fieri potest, ut &c. ; est ut &c. (see Ramsh. § 184, 1): that this is very p., id facile effici posse. 7) it may have happened, factum esse potest ; accidisse potest : is it p. ? = a) what do you say? quid ais ? /3) what do you mean ? ain' ? ain' tu ? It is not p. but that I fyc, fieri non potest ut non or quin &c. ; facere non possum, ut non (ut nihil, &c.) : a thing is p. to me, cs rei faciendae facultatem habeo; possum qd facere : if it be at all or by any means p., si ulla ratione efficerepossum (potes, &c.) ; si ullo mod o fieri poterit. — [fllsS? The Latin also expresses our 'if possible,' in many cases by utique ; as Quint. 10, 1, 20, perlectus liber utique ex integro resumendus, should, if possible, be read over again; see Herz. in loc. cit. p. 99] — As far as p., quoad fieri potest or poterit: as ... as p., quam with a superl., e. g. as early as p., quam maturrime ; or by quam . . . potero ; e. g. I will do it as shortly as p., agam quam brevissime potero : in every p. manner, quacumque ratione; omnibus rebus : as p., fieri potest ut &c. (it is p. that fyc), or by fore (esply with putare, POS exspectare, pollicere, and like words) ; e. g. what sight do we imagine as p., if fyc, quod tandem spectaculum fore putamus, quum &c. (C. Tusc. 1, 20, 45): all p., omnes, omnia : all p. kinds of torture, omnia exempla cruciatus: to try, or to do, every thing p., omnia facere, or omnia experiri ; nihil inexpertum omittere; nihil sibi reliqui facere in qa re (facienda) : — • not p.' may sts be translated by inveniri posse, esse negare, &c. ; e. g. no third supposition is p. ; or, it is not p. to make a third supposition, tertium nihil inveniri potest, or ter- tium esse quidquam nego : as far as p., quoad ejus fieri potest : as well as p , quantum or quam maxime pos- sum (as much as I can). — quantum in me situm est (as much as lies in me). — pro viribus (according to my strength : Jgjpr not pro virili parte). POST, s. || A piece of timber set up in the ground, stipes (a large, rough p.). — palus (a smaller p., used as a gen. term). — sudes (a p. more carefully wrought). He stands like a p., tanquam truncus stipes- que stat : why do you stand there like a p ? quid stas lapis? || Station, situation, locus (ci assignatus); static To desert one's p., stationem deserere ; de sta- tione discedere ; locum or praesidium relinquere : to occupy a military p., praesidium occupare : to be at one's p., stationem agere : to go to one's p., stationem inire: to remain at one's p., in statione manere (Plaut.); in loco manere; locum tenere (Cces ); or simply stare, restare (opp. fugere). || Office, part, munus ; partes, pi. ; muneris officia, partes. || Public insti- tution for conveyance of letters, #c, cursus publicus (g. t); *cursus publicus perferendis epis- tolis. A post-boy (i. e. who carries the mail-bags), tabellarius publicus equo vectus ; cursor publicus (Ruhnk.): the p. goes out, comes in, *cursus pub- licus, cursor, tabellarius publicus abit, venit: the p. is gone, *cursor publicus jam profectus est : p. time, ♦profectio cursus publici : before p. time, 'priusquam cursor publicus abeat (abiret) : after p. time, *quum jam cursor publicus abiisset: to send by p., *transmit- tere qd per cursorem publicum ; *vehiculo, cursori publico perferendum qd dare, committere; (literas) cursori publico perferendas committere (Ruhnk.): I will write to you by the next p., *per proximum, qui abit, cursum publicum literas ad te permittam. POST, v. || To fix on posts or walls, (libellum or tabulam) in publicum (C. Agr. 2, 5) or in publico (C. Att. 8, 9) proponere (g. t.); *palo, parieti, or ad parietem (libellum, tabulam) figere. To p. up a bill, tabulam proscribere (with ace. and inf., C. Qu. Fr. 2, 6). || To station, in statione collocare ; *ci stationem, locum, assignare; (milites, praesidia) disponere. || To put (a letter) into the post-office, *qd cursori publico perferendum committere. || Intrans.) To travel with speed, "currere incitato equo ; propere tendere, or contendere qo ; properare. POST-CHAISE, *vehiculum publicum. *rheda cur- sualis (under the Emperors). POST-DAY, *dies quo cursores publici eunt aut redeunt. It is p.-d.. to-day, *cursores publici hodie redeunt (when the post comes in). — *cursores publici hodie abeunt (when the post goes out). — *literae hodie exspectantur (letters are expected). POST-HORSE, equus cursualis (in general).— vere- dus (one ridden by a courier ; not one that draws a car- riage). POST-MAN, *tabellarius publicus. POST-MASTER *cursui publico praepositus (at the post-office). — curator rei vehiculariae (at a posting-house). — stationarius (time of Empp.). POST-OFFICE, *sedes cursus publici. POST-PAID, *vecturae pretio soluto (e. g. mittere qd). See ' Postage free.' POST-PAPER, chartaepistolarius (Mart.). $§fThe ancients used charta Augusta for letters. POSTAGE, *vecturae (publicae) pretium. To pay the p., *pro vectura, solvere : p. free (as a memorandum on a letter), * vecturae pretiuni solutum est; *epistolae per- ferendae merces soluta est : to send p. free, »qd mittere vecturae pretio soluto ; or gratis, nulla mercede : to be free of, exempt fm, postage, *a vecturae pretio immu- nem esse. POSTERIOR, posterior. POSTERITY, posteritas (time, and persons).— pos- teri, homines qui futuri sunt ( persons). To hand down athg to p., qd memoriae prodere, qd posteritati notum facere (g. t.); Uteris qd prodere (by writing): to come down to p., ad posteritatem pervenire: to transmit one's name to p., memoriam prodere : this will descend to the latest p., hujus rei ne posteritas quidem omnium saecu^ POS loruni immemor erit : to have regard, or a view, to p., posteritatis rationem habere; posteritati servire; fu- turae post mortem famae consulere. POSTHUMOUS, postumus ; or, as some write, posthumus. POSTIL, «postilla (t. t.). P.'s, postillarum liber. || Annotation, vid. POSTILLION, veredarius. POSTING, res veMcularia, or by Crcl. with vehicu- lum pablicura. POSTING-HOUSE, *statio or mansio cursorum publicorum, *domus in qua res vebicularia admini- stratur. POSTPONE, rem in aliud tempus differre, proferre, rejicere. POSTSCRIPT, pagella extrema (C. ad Div. 2, 13, 3); extremae epistolae transversus versiculus (C. Att. 5, 1, 3 )- HHT Postscriptum is not Latin. As an inscription %ver the p.-s., or prefixed to it, prps omissa, orum. POSTULATE, sumptio (by wch C. translates the Gk. \7inna). — conjectura. — *praemissa syllogismi {in logic: assumptio is 'the minor' proposition). POSTURE, || Attitude, position, (corporis) habi- tus ; status. See also Attitude. || Condition, state, conditio, status. According to the p. of things, pro re; prorenata; prout res se habet or habebit ; ut res se dabunt ; si res postulabit {if circumstances shall demand it). See Position. POT, s. vas fictile, figlinum. olla {for cooking, %c). dim. ollula. vas testaceum, testa {a flower-pot). POT, v. condere qd olla (Plin.). To p. fish, pisces muria condire (if any fish-pickle is used). To gather olives for potting, olivas conditui legere {Col.). Potted, i. e. preserved in pots, ollaris {e. g. uva). POTASH, *sal alcalinus {t. t.). POTATO, || The plant, *solanum tuberosum {L.). || The fruit, «tfructus solani tuberosi} *tuber or bul- bus solani. POTENT. See Powerful. POTENTATE, princeps. rex. tyrannus. gpTpo- tentator {very late; Tertull.): better prps imperii potens. POTENTIAL, || In grammar, *potentialis {t. t.). || Possible, quod fieri, effici potest. POTHERB, olus, eris, n. POTHOOK, *ansa ollse. POTHOUSE, caupona; taberna. POTION, potio; potus, us. POTTAGE, *cibus jurulentus. POTTER, figulus. A p.'s wheel, rota figularis. POTTERY, || The business of a potter, figlina («cars). || The place where pots are made, figlina (sc. ofncina). || Article of earthenware, opus figlmum, or figlinum only; vas fictile: collect- ively, opera figlina (n. pi.).— figularia, ium. Also figlinarum opera, vasa fictilia. — testa {any article of baked earth). POUCH, sacculus; perula. POULTERER, «qui, quse gallinas vendit, venditat (gallinarius = one who keeps poultry, C). POULTICE, s. fomentum, cataplasma, atis, n. {Cels.; Plin.) ; malagma, atis (Cels. ; for mollifying). Warm p.'s, cataplasmata, fomenta calida : to apply warm p.'s, uti cataplasmatibus calefacientibus. POULTICE, v. fomentum ci rei admovere ; fomen- tum, cataplasma imponere aegro membro (Cels.). POULTRY, bestiae volatiles (C); pecus volatile; aves cohortales (Col); cortis aves (Mart.). Fed or fatted p., altiles, pi. (H. Ep. ; Juv.): the keeping of p. is very profitable, villaticee pastiones non minimam stipem confrrunt (Col.). POULTRY- YARD, cohors or chors (per quam galli- nae vagantur; Col.). POUNCE, v. *pulvere (pumiceo) levigare. POUNCE UPON, v. involare in qd ; impetum facere in qm ; cupide, avide. arripere qd (to seize greedily). POUNCE, s. pulvisculus; *pulvis pumiceus. POUNCE-BOX, *pyxis (pulvisculi). POUND, s. || In weight, libra; libra pondo (HSH*" as in this sense is very rare, and ought not to be employed in writing Latin: libra is usually omitted; e. g. corona aurea libram pondo (sc. valens), a golden crown of a p. weight; patera ex quinque auri (libris) pondo (of five p.'s weight). To weigh a p. libram pondo valere: weighing a p., of a p. weight, libralis ; librarius : half a p., selibra; selibra pondo : a p. weight, i. e. that wch is used in weighing, pondus librale : a twelve- pounder, *tormentum bellicum globes singulos duo- decim librarum mittens. \\ In mo n ey, *libra ( Angli- cana). || A pen, fold for beasts that trespass 113 POW or stray, *locus, septum publicum, quo capta pecora custodiae traduntur. POUND, v. || To beat as with a pestle, tundere qd in pila (inpollinem, in farinam); comminuere, con- terere, obterere qd. || To shut up in a pound, *capta pecora custodiae tradere, septo publico inclu- dere. POUR, fundere. To p. into, infundere ci rei : to p. off, defundere (not diffundere); transfundere; trans- ferre (to p. off fm one vessel into another). — capulare (to p. off in order to purify, to rack; e. g. oleum): to p. on, superfundere (to p. over).— affundere (to p. to) qd ci rei : to p. out (e. g. wine into glasses), defundere. POUT, s. (a kind of fish) mustela (Plin.); «petro- mlzon fluviatilis (Linn.). POUT, v. *labra demittere. POVERTY, || Want of money or means of subsistence, paupertas, angustiae rei familiaris, diffi- cultas domestica (of those who have barely enough for necessary expenses, irevia. ^p° Pauperies is only poet.). — tenuitas (of those who have a very small income or fortune). — egestas (of those in want of things neces- sary, whether the necessity be natural or acquired). — inopia (deep poverty, helpless need). — mendicitas (the p. of a beggar, beggary, wtox* *'«)• J N - egestas ac mendici- tas. To live in p., parce ac duriter vitam agere ; tenu- iter vivere (Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 95) : to live in great p., vitam in egestate degere; vitam inopem colere: to fall into p., see 'To grow Poor:' to fall into deep p., ad pudendam inopiam delabi (of a family): to plunge any one into p., qm ad paupertatem protrahere, ad inopiam redigere, ad famam rejicere: to plunge one- self into great p., se detrudere in mendicitatem : to bear or endure p., paupertatem perferre ; (very great) in- opiam tolerare; mendicitatem perpeti : to rise fm p., ex mendicitate emergere. || Poorness, want, defi- ciency, egestas; inopia. P. of intellect or wit, animi egestas (C. Pis. 11, in.) — tenuis et an gusta in- genii vena (Quint. 6, 2, 3): p. of expression, inopia (C. Brut. 55, 202; where we find paupertas et jejunitas): p. of words (in conversation), sermonis inopia (Sen. Benef. 2, 27, 1). POWDER, pulvis, eris, m. ; pulvisculus; (as a medi- cine), pulvis medicatus ; (for the hair), pulvis crinalis ; (gunpowder), *pulvis nitratus ; «pulvis pyrius. Not to be worth p. and shot, plane nullius esse pretii; pro nihilo putandum esse : a p. flask, *theca pulveris pyrii : p. magazine, *horreum pulveris pyrii : p. mill, •pulveris pyrii, nitrati, officina: a barrel of p., *dolium pulvere nitrato repletum : p. horn, *cornu pulveris pyrii : p. room, *cella pulveri pyrio servando : *cella pulveris pyrii: p. cart, *plaustrum pulverem pyrium vehens : p. ship, *navis pulverem pyrium vehens ; •navis pulvere pyrio, nitrato, onusta: to reduce to p., in pulverem conterere (Plin.) or redigere (Cels.) qd : of p., pulvereus. POWDER, v. || To reduce to powder, see the foregoing word. \\ To sprinkle with powder, pulvere conspergere. To p. the hair, pulvere crinali conspergere. POWER, || Strength, vis (g. t. physical and moral ; pi. vires, forces; hence even in L. 9, 16, virium vis, i. e. strong powers; and with the historians vires freq. = forces, i. e. troops). — robur (sound physical strength). — nervi, lacerti (muscular strength; hence fig. great p.). — opes (influence, money, $c). — facultates, copiae (means, consisting in money or troops). — facultas qd faciendi(#. t. capability of doing any thing). — efficientia (efficacy; e. g. solis). Without p., see Powerless: to be in full p., vigere corpore (of body) or animo (of mind) : the united p.'s of the senate, consentientis sena- u tus nervi atque vires : fm or with one's own p.'s, suis or propriis viribus [g. t. ; e. g. qd exsequi) : according to one's p., pro viribus ; quantum in me situm est ; ut potero (§$g|r but not pro parte virili, wch = according to one's duty) : each according to his p., pro se quisque (as Cces. B. G. 2, 25, extr.): with all one's p., omnibus viribus; omnibus nervis; omnibus opibus ac viribus ; omnibus viribus atque opibus ; omni ope ; omnibus opibus ac nervis ; omni contentione (with the greatest exertion). — toto animo et studio omni (with all one's mind and heart) ; or the proverbial (but rare), toto cor- pore atque omnibus ungulis (C. Tusc. 2, 24, in). — viris equisque (C. Off. 3, 33, 116).— velis, ut ita dicam, remisque (C. Tusc. 3. 11, extr.). — manibus pedibusque (Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 134): to put forth all one's p.'s, omni ope niti or omni contentione elaborare, ut &c. ; eniti et contendere or laborare et contendere, ut &e. : / have not p. enough for athg, non satis virium est ad qd ; i (scarcely enough) vix ad qd quod satis est virium habso : 2 S POW 7 losa p., vires me deficiunt : to get, gain p., vires col- Jigere ; vires assumere ; ad vires pervenire ; conva- lescere (to grow strong) : to recover, regain p., vires re- colligere, revocare, recipere, or recuperare ; se recipere : to deprive virtue of her p., nervos virtutis elidere: liberality ought not to exceed our p.'s, videndum est ne major sit benignitas quam facultates : to have p., Tim habere, ostendere, or prodere (to produce effect). — pro- desse, juvare (to benefit, help) : to be in p., ratum esse (of laws, decrees, fyc). — exerceri (to be practised; of laws, L. 4, 51): to put a law into p., legem exercere : p. of mind, animi vis, virtus ; ingenium (see H. Sat. 1, 4, 43, Heind.). — vis ingenii : the p.'s of the human mind, hominis sollertia (see C. N. D. 2, 6, 18) : to develop the p.'s of the mind, animum mentemque excolere. || In- fluence, ability, g. t. potestas; arbitrium, liber um arbitrium (free will).—]us (right). It is in my p. (to do athg), in mea. manu or in mea. potestate est or positum est ; in mea potestate or in me situm est : it is not in our p., non est in potestate nostra : to have p. of life and death, potestatem vitae necisque habere : all whose lives are in the p. of another, omnes quorum in alterius manu vita posita est. || Authority, dominion, po- testas (g. t., esply of a magistrate). — imperium (of the commander of an army, f^p" Dictators, consuls, and preetors had both potestas and imperium ; curu/e cediles, gmestors, and tribunes of the people had only potestas). To come under the p. of a husband, viro in manum con- venire (C. Top. 4, 23) : to fall into the p. of any one, in cs (e. g. hostis) manus incidere: to get any one in his p., qo potiri : to have any one in one's p., qm in potes- tatem suam suscepisse (as the father has a son ; see C. Ccecin. 34, 98): unlimited p., potestas infinita; domi- natio: to obtain the highest p., potiri rerum : to possess supreme p., summum imperium habere or tenere; summam imperii tenere (esply in war, as a general). — summa potestas or summa rerum est penes qm : to be in p., cum imperio or cum potestate or cum imperio et potestate esse ; versari cum imperio et potestate in re- publica : Jig., to have athg in one's p., qd in potestate sua habere (e. g. affectus).— imperare ci rei (to mode- rate ; e. g. cupiditatibus) : to have p. over one's voice, vocem suam moderari posse. POWERFUL, valens, validus (g. t.).— firmus (firm ; supporting, nourishing). — robustus (strong, robust; of the human body : then also of a body politic, and of food). Jn. firmus et robustus (e. g. respublica), valens et firmus (e. g. civitas), robustus et valens (e. g. homo). — lacertosus (muscular ; of men and animals). — corpore vigens, corpore validus, corpore robusto (of persons, strong or able-bodied). — fortis (that operates strongly, produces a p. effect). — potens, efficax (effective; e. g. of medicines). — praesens (that operates quickly ; of medi- cines: fife^T praesentaneus is late). — gravis (weighty; of arguments or speakers). — nervosus (nervous; of speak- ers). POWERFULLY, cum magna potentia. praevalide. vehementer. efiicienter. efficaciter (Plin.). POWERLESS, invalidus (not strong, ineffectual, in- efficacious; opp. fortis and valens). — imbecillus (weak; of persons; esply of invalids and old persons : then also o f foo d, drink, fyc; opp. firmus, fortis, and valens: g£§T imbecillus is a late form). — infirmus (without firmness and strength ; opp. firmus). — debilis (crippled). ■ — iners (without energy, life, or motion; of persons and of things).— exsanguis (lifeless). — enervatus (unnerved, exhausted, prop, of persons ; with velut prefixed also of ihe state). — jejunus (poor, dry ; of land, style of a speech and the speaker). — languidus (feeble). — irritus (invalid; opp. ratus). To be p., invalidum, &c, esse ; deficiunt mihi vires (strength fails me) : to make or render p., vires or nervos or vires et robur frangere, nervos inci- dere, debilitare (to weaken) — irritum reddere (to invali- date) : to become p., vires amittere. POY, *pertica qua saliunt. gmr Halteres = two .pieces of lead held in the hand by persons engaged in the exercise of leaping. PRACTICABILITY, by Crcl. ; e. g. to have no doubt about the p. of athg, non dubitare quin res perfici potest. PRACTICABLE, quod fieri or efhci potest.— factu facilis. The thing is p., res facilitatem habet ; res habet efficiendi facultatem (C. Off. 1, 21, extr.): it is not p., fieri or effici non potest: if it should be p., sires facilitatem habitura sit: a p. breach, apertum ruina iter (e. g. per apertum ruina iter in urbem invadere) : a p. road, iter pervium, tritum, &c. PRACTICAL, in agendo positus, activus, adminis- trativus (opp. contemplativus [0ewpnT«Ko?] ; of arte, sciences, Sfc, that relate to practice; post- Jug. see Q. 114 PRA 2, 18, in. and fin.; Sen. Ep. 95, 10).— usu peritus; ipso usu perdoctus ; ad cujus scientiam usus accedit ; cs rei usum habens (accustomed to practice ; as we say, a p. man). P. knowledge, usus : to have a p. knowledge of athg, qd usu cognitum habere ; qd usu didicisse ; cs rei usum habere : p. utility, utilitas ; usus popularis et civilis (purposes of p. utility, in daily life): a p. doc- trine, praeceptum quod ad institutionem vitae com- munis spectat : / am a p. teacher, ita tracto literas, ut eas ad usum transferam : p. men, qui ad usum artes (or omnia) transferunt : to make a p. application of athg, qd ad vitae usum conferre : qd ad vitam com- munem adducere; qd ita tractare, ut id ad usum trans- feram.— qd in usu habere. PRACTICALLY, adv. usu; ex usu. To learn athg p., usu discere qd: to apply athg p., see ' To make a practical application of.' PRACTICE, usus. exercitatio. usus et consuetude^ To grow so expert by p. that, in earn se consuetudinem" adducere, ut (Cces. B. G. 4, 1): in p., inter agendum ; in agendo : pi. practices, i. e. arts, artes ; machinae ; callida consilia, pi. || As opp. to theory, usus rerum. — usus et tractatio rerum. — prudentia (skill). To have learnt more by p. than by theory, minus in studio, quam in rebus et usu versatum esse : one must join theory and p. together, discas oportet, et quod didicisti agendo confirmes: the p. of a physician, medicinae usus et tractatio; of a barrister, causarum actio : to have an extensive p., a multis consuli (of a physician) ; multas causas actitare (of a lawyer) : to leave off p., curandi finem facere (of a physician) ; causas agere desinere (of a lawyer). PRACTISE, facere. exercere. To p. a profession, facere ; factitare : to p. as a physician, medicinam ex- ercere, facere, factitare : to p. at the bar, causas agere ; in causis agendis or in foro esse or versari ; in judiciis causas versare (C): not to be allowed to p. any longer, *ex causidicorum ordine removeri, omnique causas agendi venia privari (of a lawyer). PRACTITIONER, qui medicinam exercet, &c. PRiETOR, praetor. PRAETORIAN, praetorius. The p. guard, praetoriani (milites). PRiETORSHIP, praetura. PRAGMATIC, «pragmaticus (t. t.). PRAGMATICAL, qui rebus alienis se immiscet or studet. A p. fellow, ardelio. PRAISE, s. laus (subjectively and objectively, the thing). — laudatio (a panegyric, subj. and obj., the action or the thing) — praedicatio (an extolling loudly or pub- licly). To gain p., laudem consequi, assequi ; laudem sibi parSre, comparare ; (by athg) laudem habere de or ex re : to have p., laudem habere ; in laude esse ; lau- dari: to have great p., laudibus efferri; laude celebrari: to have general p., ab omnibus laudari: to give p. to any one, ci laudem tribuere ; ci laudem or qm laude im- pertire (see Zumpt, § 418). — qm laude afneere: to con- fer distinguished p. on any one, qm laudibus ornare, illustrare, (of several) celebrare; qm eximia laude ornare, decorare : to. strive or endeavour after p., laudem quaerere, petere ; laudis studio trahi : to reckon as a p, to any one, ci qd laudi ducere or dare; qd in laude ponere : to be to the p. of any one, ci laudi esse : to diminish, detract fm the p. of any one, laudem cs im- minuere, obterere, verbis extenuare: to deprive any one of due p., qm debita laude fraudare ; laudem ci destinatam praeripere (by appropriating it to oneself): p. be to God! *Deo laudes et grates agantur ; *sit laus Deo. PRAISE, v. laudare (g. t.). laudem ci tribuere. laudem ci impertire or laude qm impertire (see Zumpt, § 418). — laude qm aflicere (to give praise). — collaudare (to p. greatly, together with others). — dilaudare (to p. immoderately). — praedicare qm or de qo (to extol, p. loudly and publicly). To p. oneself, se ipsum laudare ; de se ipsum praedicare : to p. any one to his face, qm coram in os laudare (Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5) : to p. one very much, valde, vehementer laudare ; laudibus ornare, illustrare, efferre ; laudibus celebrare (of several).— col- laudare, dilaudare (see above). — plena, manu cs laudes in astra tollere; pleniore ore or utroque pollice laudare; eximia laude ornare, decorare ; divinis laudibus exor- nare ; miris laudibus praedicare : to p. excessively, nimis laudare ; in majus extollere : to p. athg more than it deserves, supra meritum qd circumferre praedi- catione : not to be able to p. any one enough, qm non satis pro dignitate laudare posse: not to like to hear other men praised, alienas laudes parum acquis auribus accipere. PRAISER, laudator (g. t.).— praedicator (taunter; PRA one who praise» publicly). — praeco (tlie herald of aby's praise). — buccinator {trumpeter; with contempt; e. g. cs existimationis : Hip" Pliny uses applausor). — appro- bator (e. g. profectionis meae ; ft : opp. suasor et impul- Sor). — probator (e. g. facti ; ft) — coraprobator (e. g. auc- toritatis ejus et inventionis; ft). PRAISEWORTHY, laudabilis. laude dignus. lau- dandus; (more strongly) collaudandus. praedicandus. To be p., laudi esse : to be considered p., laude dignum duci; laudi duci: in a p. maimer, laudabiliter. PRANCE, gressus glomerare superbos [poet., Virg. Georg. 3, 117) ; prps we may say exsultare. PRATE. See Babble. PRATER, garrulus. loquax {the garrulus is tiresome fmthe quali ty, the loquax fm the quantity, of what he says). — qui silere tacenda nequit. PRATING, PRATE, garritus (late).— garrulitas ; loquacitas; confabulatio (good-natured chattering con- versation of one or more; late). PRAVITY, pravitas ; vitium. PRAWN, * cancer squilla (Linn.). PRAY, v. || Trans.) To supplicate, entreat, rogare, orare, a person for athg, qm qd (to address with prayer or entreaty). — petere, poscere (to petition, de- mand).— contendere (to p. earnestly, urge a request).— flagitare, efflagitare (with vehemence): all with qd ab qo. — precibus exposcere (to p. with a vehement demand). — implorare (to implore any one, qm, for athg, qd). — obtestari, obsecrare, more strongly omnibus precibus orare et obtestari, omnibus (or infimis) precibus petere (to p. earnestly and imploringly).~-swpTp\ica.re ci pro re; petere, postulare suppliciter, qd ab qo, orare qm suppli- cibus verbis, orare or rogare qm suppliciter (to entreat humbly and submissively). To p. and beseech, Jn. ro- gare atque orare ; petere et contendere ; orare et ob- testari ; orare obtestarique ; orare atque obsecrare ; im- plorare atque obtestari ; obsecrare atque obtestari (and vice versa); precari atque orare; petere ac deprecari (Cces. B. G. 2, 31); omnibus precibus, paene lacrimis etiam obsecrare qm ; qm ita rogare, ut majore stuiio rogare non possim : to p. for any one, deprecari pro qo, deprecatorem se praebere pro cs periculo (to intercede for, in order to avert an evil, fyc). || Intrans.) To offer a petition, precari. preces or precationem facere. precatione uti (g. t.).— preces fundere (in the poets and T.).— supplicare (to p. with bended knees). To p. to God, precari Deum or ad Deum ; orare or in- vocare Deum ; Deo supplicare ; Deo preces adhibere : to p. God that he would $c, precari a Deo ut &c. ; for athg, vota suscipere or nuncupare pro re. || 'Pray' inserted in a sentence, quaeso. In a vehement question tandem may be used; ' in what way, pray ?' quo tandem modo ? PRAYER, precatio (as an action). — supplicatio (hum- ble p.). — preces (the words and form of p.). To offer or utter p., precationem facere; precatione uti; preces ad- hibere (deo or diis) ; preces concipere (0.) ; preces mit- tere (L. ; incassum mittere preces) : to reject aby's p.'s, cs preces repudiare : to listen to aby's p.'s, cs pre- ces audire(C); cs precationem admittere (L .): to be prevailed upon by aby's p.'s, cs precibus cedere (C.) ; cs precibus adduci, ut (Cces., Np.) : to gain athg by one's p.'s, precibus impetrare qd. $*Hr fundere preces ; admovere preces ; ad preces descendere or decurrere; precibus vinci, frangi, flecti ; in preces descendere or demitti ; precibus qm aggredi ; precibus cs parere or repugnare, belong to the poets ; so also preces concipere (O); fatigare qm precibus. At the p. of any one, qo rogante ; cs rogatu ; ab qo rogatus ; cs precibus adduc- tus ; qo deprecatore (at the intercession of any one) : a form of p., verba sollemnia (the reading of a form of p., nuncupatio verborum sollenrmium; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1). — carmen, or sollemne precationis carmen (see L. 5, 41 ; 39, 15). — praefatio (esply before a sacrifice; Suet. Claud. 25, Bremi) : to dictate a form of p., carmen praefari ; verba (sollemnia) praeire ; to any one, ci. PRAYER-HOOK, *liber precationum ; *liber litur- gicus or ritualis ; sollemnia precationum carmina (aft. L.). PREACH, H Prop.) *in ccetu sacro verba facere; *e sacro suggestu dicere or orationem (-es) habere; *in ccetu Christianorum dicere de qa re (on a subject).— *de rebus divinis dicere ($*gf Avoid concionari). || Fig.) docere ; monere ; hortari ; cohortari. To p. agst athg, reprehendere, accusare qd : one who p.'s to deaf ears, •monitor non exauditus. PREACHER, *orator sacer (Eichst.); *orator a sacris. — [BUT Muretus and Perpinian use concionator in this sense ; wch others avoid: it occurs only once in ancient writers; see Krebs, Antib. Concionator.]— 115 PRE ♦verbi divini praeco (Grcev.). He is one of the most celebrated p.'s, praefulget nomen cs in clarissimis ora- toribus sacris (Eichst.). PREACHING, || Prop.) By Crcl. with the verbs. || FiG.)hortatio; adhortatio. PREAMBLE, exordium, praefatio. procemium ($Wnot introductio) ; aditus ad causam (C. ; of a ju- dicial speaker). To make a p., dicere qd ante rem; praefationis loco ponere, scribere qd. PREBEND, *prasbenda (t. t.). PREBENDAL, by gen. «praebendae (t. t.). PREBENDARY, «praebendarius (t. t.). PRECARIOUS, incertus. intutus. infidus. parum certus or firmus. ggf° precarius, ' obtained by entreaty,' has not the meaning of our 'precarious,' though U often approaches it, as opp. to ' what is demanded as a right,' %c. See Lat. Diet. PRECARIOUSLY, non certo. parum certo or tuto. PRECAUTION, cautio. provisio animi (C. Or. 56). That uses p., providus, cautus : that does not use p., in- consultus : to use p., cautionem adhibere ci rei or in re; caute versari in re; caute tractare qd: without p., inconsulte. PRECEDE, praeire. praecedere. praegredi. antece- dere. anteire. antegredi. praecurrere. Preceding, ante- cedens. praecedens. praecurrens. prior, superior. PRECEDENCE, prior locus ; praecedendi, praeeundi jus. To have the p. of aby, loco or dignitate priorem esse qo; antecellere ci : to give aby the p., priore loco ire qm sin ere. PRECEDENT, probatum exemplum ( = established p.). Athg becomes a sort of p. to magistrates to fyc, qares jus velut probato exemplo facit magistratibus (cs rei faciendae): p.'s, exempla judicata (legal p.'s; Auct. ad Herenn. 2, 10, 4) : to be agst the p.'s, cum rebus judica- tis dissentire. PRECENTOR, praecentor (Appul.); «qui regit, mo- derator, cantum. To be a p., *cantum regere, mode- rari ; *praeire cantu, modis. PRECEPT, praeceptum. praescriptum. praescriptio. lex. To give p.'s, praecipere, praecepta dare, tradere, de qa" re : to observe a p., praescriptum servare ; prae- ceptum tenere (ft); praeceptum observare (Cces.). PRECEPTIVE, *qui praecipit, praecepta tradit. PRECEPTOR, praeceptor, magister. PRECINCT, ager; territorium : p.'s of a town, pomerium or pomcerium (also impr. Varr. Macrob.). PRECIOUS, \\ Costly, sumptuosus. pretiosus. quod magni est pretii. || Excellent, pretiosus. egre- gius. praestans. excellens. || Precious stones. See Jewel. PRECIOUSLY, pretiose. sumptuose. PRECIPICE, declivis et praeceps locus ; pi. derupta, praecipitia (sc. loca, pi. ). PRECIPITATE, adj. praeceps. praecipitatus. tem*- rarius (rash). P. measures, praecipitata consilia : by p. measures, nimia celeritate consiliorum (e. g. societatem evertere, L.) : to be p., praepropere agere (L.). PRECIPITATE, v. praecipitare qd (e. g. consilia; L.) ; festinare, accelerare qd. PRECIPITATELY, nimis festinanter, praepropere. PRECIPITATION, nimia festinatio, praeproperatio (aft. ft); praematura festinatio (L. 42, 16); nimia ce- leritas, or simply festinatio (ft). PRECIPITOUS, deruptus. praeceps : a p. rock overhanging the sea, rupes directa erninens in mare (Cces.). PRECISE, || Definite, exact, constitutus. die tus. flnitus. dennitus. destinatus. \\ Accurate, accuratus. diligens. See Accurate. || Formal, durus. rigidus. parum facilis. P. manners, mores rigidi (0.). PRECISELY, ^Accurately,, accurate, diligenter. exquisite. || Exactly, by ipse; e.g. in ipso temporis articulo (p. at that moment). || Formally, dure, rigide. PRECISENESS, \\ Accuracy, diligentia ; cura. || Fo rm a lity, mores rigidi; morositas : or use the adj. PRECLUDE, || To shut out, excludere qm ab qo loco; or with t he sim ple abl. || To hinder, prohibere qm (ab qa re ; ggp° not in qa re) ; impedimento esse ci in qa re ; arcere qm (ab) qa re. PRECOCIOUS, || Propr.) praematurus, praecox [Syn. in Eably]. IIFig.) P. abilities, ingeniorum velut praecox genus (Q. 1, 3, 3).— immature magnum ingenium (Sen. Controv. 1,1). PRECOCITY, maturitas praecox (Col. 1, 6, 20).— maturitas festinata (with blame ; opp. maturitas tem- pestiva, as Q. 6, prooem. 10). — ingenium velut praecox or immature magnum (of the mind; Sen.). 2 S2 PRE " PRECONCEIVED, animo praeceptus. ante concep- tus i^§° not praeconceptus). A p. idea or opinion, opinio animo prsecepta, ante concepta; opinio prae- sumpta. PRECONCERTED, ante constitntus or compositus. According to a p plan, (ex) composito. PRECURSOR, || Propr) praecursor (£.); prodromus (C. Att 1, 12, 1); anteambulo (Suet. Vesp. 2). || Fig.) quasi dux consequents cs rei (C. Tvsc. 4, 30, 64).— praecursor in this sense, late ; but praecursor et emissa- rius cs for ' a person's p.' if commissioned by him, his emissary, is Class. (C); zephyrus praenuntius veris (Lucr. 5, 736; p. of spring). PREDATORY, rapax; praedatorius. A p. people, gens latrociniis assueta (Curt.). PREDECESSOR (in an office), decessor (C, T. gggr Antecessor only in the lawyers). He is my p., succedo ei : one of his p.'s, quilibet superiorum (e. g. regum). PREDESTINATE, praefinire, praestituere qd ; in theol. sense also praedestinare (Eccl. t. t.). PREDESTINATION, by the verbs. Also praedesti- natio (Eccl. t. t.). PREDICABLE, s. *praedicabile (*. t). PREDICABLE, adj. «quod de re qa dici potest. gSP" Praedicabilis means 'laudable.' PREDICAMENT, || In logic, genus (g. t. genus, class).— categoria ; or *praedicamentum (t. t.). || Po- sition, locus. PREDICATE, attributio. res attributa. id quod rebus or personis attribuitur, or attributum est : more gen. quod dicitur de quodam (C). gglT We do not find accidens, accidentia rerum or personarum, until the time of Q. PREDICT, praedicere. vaticinari. futura pronun- tiare. augurari. To p. aby's fate, praedicere, quid ci eventurum sit (C. Div. 1, 1, 2). PREDICTION, vaticinatio. vaticinium. praedictio. praedictum. praesagium. PREDILECTION, studium et amor, amor et cupi- ditas : to have a p. for any particular pursuit, ci rei praeter csetera studere. PREDISPOSE, praeparare, parare, apparare qd; the mind, animum praeparare, componere ad qd. Pre- disposed to athg, propensus or proclivis ad qd ; pronus in qd; inclinatus ad qd (see Inclined to). — oppor- tunus ci rei (predisposed to a disease; e. g. gravedini; opportuniora morbis corpora). PREDISPOSITION, proclivitas ad qd (natural pro- pensity) — inclinatio voluntatis; studium. To have a p. for, propenso animo, propensa voluntate esse in; opportunum esse (to a disease, morbo). PREDOMINANT, victrix. To be p., or to pre- dominate, praevalere, obtinere; dominan. PRE-EMINENCE, excellentia. praestantia. emi- nentia (superiority). — principatus; prior locus (pre- cedence). To have the p., eminere, excellere inter alios : with respect to aby, loco, dignitate, priorem esse qo ; praecedere ci ; antecellere, antecedere ci. PRE-EMINENT, excellens; insignis; conspicuus. See also Excellent. To be p., praeminere qm ci, or qo (T.). See also Excel. PRE-EMINENTLY, praeter caeteros (more than all others). — praecipue (especially, particularly). See also Excellently. PRE-EXIST, ante, antea, exstare, exstitisse. PRE-EXISTENCE, PRE- EXISTENT. By the verb. PREFACE, procemium (an introduction at the be- ginning of a treatise, fyc). — praefatio (a verbal intro- duction to a speech, fyc. ; but allowable in the sense of pref. to a book, as a written work takes the place of a spoken disputation, fyc. ; thus Col. often uses praefari in this sense; e. g. Lib. 1, prcef. § 33): the p. to a book, procemium libri (|ggr not ad librum) ; procemium libro additum. To write a p., procemium scribere : to prefix a p. to a work, libro procemium addere or am- gere : I will make no p., omitto proloqui (Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 21 j. PREFACE, v. procemiari or procemium scribere (to write a p.).— praefari, praefationem dicere (orally): to p. a few words, pauca praefari. PREFATORY, By Crcl with substt. or verbs; e.g. to make some p. remarks, pauca, paucis, praefari : without any p. remark, nihil praefatus ; nulla praefatione usus. PREFER, || To value a person or t hi ng more highly than another, praeponere. anteponere. prae- ferre. an*eferre (y. tt.). — qm potissimum diligere (to love aby before others).— rem. qa re potiorem habere (to p. one thing to another as being better, more important or advisable, #c, Cess. B. C. 1, 8 and 9).— praeoptare PRE (with following infin. ; to desire rather). — malle (to wish or choose by preference, with following inf., e. g. he preferred death, mori maluit). || To promote, vid. !l Offer, fyc. To p. a complaint, libelluni dare judici, agst aby, de qo ; a petition, libello or scripto adire qm (of a written petition). — rogare qm qd (to ask him). PREFERABLE, potior, antiquior. praestans. prae- cellens. praestabilis. PREFERENCE, prior locus ; priores or primae partes : to give one the p., priores or primas partes ci deferre; qm anteponere or anteferre ci: to have the p., qm antecedere ; qo potiorem, or priorem, esse ; in athg, qa re praestare ci ; qm qa re praestare, or superare : to feel a p. for aby, qm potissimum diligere ; qm praeter caeteros amare (g^" not prae caetews): to give a thing the p., potissimum probare qd ; qd mihi potissimum probatur; qd anteponere, anteferre, praeponere or praeferre ci rei, ci rei principatum dare; qd qa re potiorem habere. PREFERMENT, || Advancement to a higher station, amplificatio honoris (C. Off. 2, 12, 42). || Office of dignity or honour, dignitas; honoris gradus : apiece of p. in the Church, beneficium (Eccl.): high p., fastigium. PREFIGURE, rei futurae imaginem fingere (aft. C). — praefigurare (late and Eccl. Lactant. Cypr.). PREFIX, v. anteponere; praeponere qd ; praetexere, praescribere, inscribere rei qd (in writing; e. g. nomina auctorum praetexere volumini, aft. Plin. 18, 25, 57 ; libello inscribere nomen suum, C Arch. 11, 26). PREFIX, s. *syllab.a apposita, anteposita. PREGNANCY, graviditas; praegnatio: during her p., dum gravida or praegnans erat. PREGNANT, || With young, praegnans (g. t.).— gravidus (only of human beings). — fcetus (of any animal). — fordus or hordus (only of cows). — inciens (of small animals, esply swine): to be p., gravidam or praegnantem esse; ventrem ferre; partum ferre or gestare : to be p. with, praegnantem alvo continere qm (prop.); parturire qd (fig.). \\Important, full of consequence, magni or maximi momenti. See Im- portant. PREJUDGE, praejudicare qd (C); prius judicare quam quid rei sit scias (Ter. Heaut 2, 2, 8). PREJUDICE, s. || Preconceived opinion, opinio praejudicata ; qd praejudicati ; opinio prae- sumpta (gg|r not praejudicium in this sense). — opinio prava (a wrong opinion, p.). — opinio ficta atque vana (false, untenable opinion) ; often simply opinio, where the context determines the sense. — opinionis commen- tum. To come to the consideration of athg under the influence of some p., qd praejudicati afferre : p. con- firmed by the arguments %c. of others, opinio confir- mata: to have a p. in favour of aby, bene de qo existimare; agst aby, male de qo opinari: to be under the influence of p., opinione praejudicata duci. || Hurt, detrimentum. damnum, incommodum. fraus : to aby's p., cum damno. detrimento, dispendio. PREJUDICE, v. || To predispose aby agst athg or aby, qm in suspicionem adducere ci (to make aby look upon another with suspicion). — *efficere ut qs de qo male opinetur.— qd ci suspectum facere (Q.). This p.'s the judge agst the cause, hoc suspectam facit judici causam (Q. 5, 13, 5). Aby is prejudiced agst athg, qd ci suspectum, or suspectum et invisum, est : many persons are prejudiced agst the medicine of the mind, medicina animi pluribus suspecta et invisa (C.) : to be prejudiced agst aby, male opinari de qo; in favour of aby, bene de qo existimare. Do not come to the consi- deration of this question with prejudiced minds, postulo, ut ne quid praejudicati hue afferatis (C). \\To be prejudicial to. See Hurt. PREJUDICIAL, damnosus (L.) ; noxius. malus. adversus. inimicus. alienus (C. ; detrimentosus, once, Cces. ; dispendiosus, very rare, Col.). To be p., damno, detrimento, fraudi esse ; obesse ; nocere. PREJUDICIALLY, perniciose ; cum damno, detri- mento. PRELACY, *praesulis or praelati munus. PRELATE. *praesul; *praelatus (t. t.). PRELECTION, lectio ; praelectio. PRELIMINARIES, initia, pi. (e. g. pads). PRELIMINARY, antecedens. PRELUDE, s. praecentio [in music, of a leader, who givesthe time). — procemium(a beginning, with a musical instrument ; citharcedi, C. de Or. 2, 80, 325). — prolusio or praelusio (the beginning of a buttle, or fig. of athg wch may be compared to it). To be a p. to athg (fig.), ci rei antecedere. PRELUDE, v. || Prop.) prae ire ac praemonstrare (al. PRE praeministrare) modulos (Gell. 1, 19, 11); praecinere (of the player, or of the instrument). || Fig.) ci rei ante- cedere. PREMATURE, || Prop.) praemaiurus. praecox. || Fig.) immaturus. praematurus. praecox: a p. death, mors immatura (C.) ; praematura (Plin.); decessio matura (C): p. old age, canities praematura: a p. birth, abortus (C). PREMATURELY, praemature ; ante tempus ; ante annos. PREMEDITATE, praemeditari qd (C). Premedi- tated, cogitatus (e. g. facinus, parricidium, Suet.); quod consulto or cogitatum fit; Jn. quod consulto et cogitatum fit. PREMEDITATION, praemeditatio (C. Tusc. 3, 14, 29): done with p., i. e. with design, quod consulto et cogitatum fit: with p., consulto; cogitate; Jn. con- sulto et cogitate ; voluntate (opp. casu); dedita opera; de or ex industrial. PREMIER {prime minister), *princeps regis in rebus publicis administrandis consiliariorum ; more anciently, princeps amicorum regis; princeps purpu- ratorum (Curt.). PREMISE, v. praefari (to say beforehand; with or without ace. of thing said). — praemunire qd (reliquo) sermoni (p. what is of importance for the understanding of what is to follow, C). PREMISES, i| (In logic), praemissa, pi. (t. t.) ; also prima, pi., or quod antecessit (C, when the context explains the sense ; e. g. mibi non placet consequentia reprehendere quum prima concesseris, Tusc. 5, 9, 24 ; conclusio reprehenditur, si id, quod sequitur, non videatur necessario cum eo, quod antecessit, conaerere Inv. 1, 46, 86). \\ House, house and land, tecta villatica; aedificia villae ; villa. PREMIUM, praemium ; donum. PREMONISH, certiorem facere ; praemonere. PREMONITION, praemonitus, us (0. ; praemonitio, Tert.) ; or by the verb. PREMONITORY, qui praemonet &c. (praemonito- rius, Tert.) PREMUNIRE. To incur a p., exsilio multari or ♦bonis publicatis in exsilium exigi or expelli. PREOCCUPATION, praeoccupatio (Np.). PREOCCUPY, praeoccupare (propr. and fig. ; e. g. timor animos praeoccupaverat). PREPARATION, apparatio or apparatus (esply on a magnificent scale; e. g. epularum). — praeparatio (a preparing beforehand ; e. g. belli). — compositio (a com- pounding ; e. g. of medicines, unguents, fyc). — elabo- rate (careful working up). P. for war, belli compa- ratio (preparing oneself for war, as an action). — belli apparatus (all preliminary measures for war, supplies, fyc). To make p. for athg, parare, apparare, compa- rare, praeparare, adornare qd (to get ready things neces- sary). — se comparare or praeparare ad qd (to make one- self ready) : to make p. for war, parare or apparare bel- lum ; for the defence of a town, parare quae usui sunt ad defendenduro oppidum ; for a siege, fyc, quae ad oppug- nationem oppidi pertinent, administrare; se expedire ad oppugnationem urbis : to make great p. for athg, diligentissime, acerrime parare qd : to make all due p. for athg, omnes res ad qd comparare : with p., parate; praeparato ; ex praeparato. PREPARATORY, qui parat, praeparat, &c. PREPARE, parare (to get athg in readiness; also to provide). — apparare (to make preparations for ; e. g. bel- lum, convivium). — praeparare (provide beforehand; animum or se ad qd ; aures auditorum: also of food; ova, Mart.). — comparare (to p. for athg by bringing together all that is requisite; also to provide or procure; also of preparing a snare for aby, insidias ci or in qm).— struere. instruere. comparare (to p. ma- liciously; plots, sorrow, misfortune). — adorn are (furnish with what is necessary, equip, fyc ; e. g. naves). — con- cinnare (p. scientifically, as wines, skins, fyc). — com- ponere (p. by compounding ingredients, medicines). — moliri (by the application of force; to p. something bad). — machinari (to plot or hatch, by deceit, fyc). To p. medicine, medicinam parare or facere. medicamentum concinnare. remedium salutare componere; a draught, medicamentum in poculo diluere ; a banquet, omare et apparare convivium; a sumptuous banquet, magnifice comparare convivium: to p. to answer, comparare se ad respondendum. || To get ready for athg, prae- parare se ad qd. se parare or comparare ad qd. — (g§p° Accingi or se accingere ad or inqd are not found in C. or Caes , but occur in Ter. and L., and very often in T. ; a dot. or an inf. after this phrase is poet.) Often by praeparare or comparare qd : to p. for his departure, PRE praeparare profectlonem (Suet ) : to give aby lime to p., tempus ad comparandum dare; for a journey, com- parare se ad iter : to p. or be preparing for war, bellum parare, apparare, comparare, adornare, instruere ; belli apparatum instruere ; omnia, quae ad bellum pertinent providere : to p. a lecture (at college), res in schola ex- plicandas meditari (of the teacher). — quae in schola audienda sunt praediscere ac meditari (of the pupil ; see C. de Or. 1, 32, 147): top. oneself for the University, se praeparare ad studia academica: to p. one for athu, qm praemonere de qa re (to warn beforehand). — cs animum ad qd componere or praeparare (to bring one into a due state of mind): I was prepared for it, qd mihi non imparate accidit : to p. oneself for athg, se praeparare ad qd (g. t.). — parare or apparare qd (to make prepara- tions for). — praeparationem adhibere in qa re ; animum praeparare ad qd ; se, or animum, componere ad qd (to make up one's mind to). — meditari qd (to study or practise beforehand). — commentari qd (to think over, a speech, fyc). PREPAY (a letter), *epistolae perferendae mercedem persolvere : prepaid, *immunis a mercede cursus pub- lici ; *a vecturae pretio immunis. PREPONDERANCE, *quod justum onus, or pondus, excedit (prop.) ; major auctoritas, or vis (fig.): to have the p, propendere. praeponderare (prop, or fig.); potentia, opibus, or viribus antecedere, ante- cellere, anteire, antestare, excellere, praecedere, prae- currere, praestare, superare, praepollere (fig.); prae- valere (fig., L., prcef. § 4). PREPONDERATE. See 'to have the Prepon- derance :' preponderating, superans; major; gravior. PREPOSITION, praepositio (I. t.). PREPOSSESS, praeoccupare. PREPOSSESSION. See Prejudice. PREPOSTEROUS, rationi repugnans (contrary lo reason). — ineptus, absurdus; Jn. ineptus et absurdus (of persons or things). PRESAGE, s. omen, portentum. augurium. prae- sagium. PRESAGE, v. divinare (by inspiration).— praesagire (by natural sagacity). — praesentire (by presentiment). — vaticiuari (to prophesy). — praedicare (to predict). PRESBYTER, presbyter, eri, m. PRESBYTERY, presbyteri (pi.). PRESCIENCE, by the adj. PRESCIENT, praescius (T., V.): to be p., praeuos- cere qd (C). PRESCRIBE, || To command, praecipere or pras- scribere ci qd or with ut : to p. to aby what to do, 1 praescribere ci quae agenda sunt : to p. a rule or law 1 to oneself, sibi ipsi qd praescribere, or legem scribere, ! statuere. || (As a physician), medicamenta praescribere ; (C.) : for a disease, morbo remedium propontre (Np.) ; I valetudinis enrationem praescribere (ft). PRESCRIPTION, ||(7» law), praescriptio (Pand.) ; ! auctoritas (C. Off. 1, 12, 37) ; usus. || (Of a phy- sician), medicamenti diluendi formula, or simply formula: to write a p., medicamenti compositionem Uteris mandare (Sen.) ; formulam medicamenti con- ! cinnare (Bau.): a p. book, *iiber medicorum formulas continens; "dispensatorium (Med.). PRESENCE, praesentia (v. pr.). — assiduitas (fre- quent p. at a place). — frequentia (of several persons): in the p. of aby, qo praesente ($§fnot in praesentia cs). — coram qo (under the eyes of aby ; the action not necessarily being directed to him). — apud qm (not only in his p., but also with ref. to him; e. g. dicere, loqui, verba facere apud qm) : p. of mind, animi praesentia ; animus praesens. PRESENT, adj. HNot past or future, qui nunc est (now existing, living, fyc. ffe^T never hodier- nus, = of the p. day, in the strictest sense). — praesens (at the p. moment ; opp. to that wch occurs at another time. Most frequently however by hie, when = ' this one,' where praesens would be wrong) : the p. day, hodi- ernus dies ; hie dies : men of the p. day, homines qui nunc sunt or vivunt; hujus or nostrae aetatis homines: the p. times, haec tempora : the p. age, haec or nostra aetas : up to the p. day or moment, ad or in hodiernum diem (in the strictest sense of ' to-day'). — usque ad hunc diem (even up to the p. time). — usque ad hoc tempus. adhuc. usque adhuc (up to the p. time). — At the p. day, hodie. hoc tempore, his temporibus. nunc (g. tc, opp tunc). Even at the p. day, or even up to the p. day, hodie. hodie quoque : and even (or up) to the p. day, et hodie; hodieque (In hodieque, C. [e.g. Verr. 5, 25, 64, &c] the que = et, 'and also.' The form does not occur for hodie or hodie quoque. g^T hodiedum is quite barbarous) : the p., praesentia, ium (the time PRE now p.). — instantia, ium (the time close at hand ; opp. venientia) : to enjoy the p., and not think of the future, praesentibus frui, nee in longius consultare (T. Hist. 2, 95, 3) : to have a correct judgement respecting the p., de instantibus verissime judicare (Np. Them. 1, 4): at p., hoc tempore, in praesentia (at this moment).— in hoc tempore, in praesenti (under existing circumstances). — in praesens ( /or now and the time immediately follow- ing). d^p°iniprsseiitiaruni, depraesentiarum, in praesentiam and ad praesens, are not Class. : impraesent. stands however Np. Hann. 6; Auct. Her. 2, 11, 16 [al. in praesenti] &c. See Hand, Turs. 3, p. 234). || JVo* absent, praesens; qui adest: those p., qui adsunt; spectatores (spectators). — auditores, audientes (hearers). — corona (hearers round a speaker) ; a great number p., frequentia ; frequentes : to be p., adesse (opp. abesse). — praesentem esse or adesse ; praesto esse or adesse ; coram adesse (with the notion of assistance, if neces- sary) : to be p. in an assembly, in concione stare : to be p. ut athg, adesse, interesse, with a dat. of that at wch a person is or was p. (adesse, g. t., to be p. as spectator, helper, fyc. ; interesse, to be p. as a participator in athg : thus, at a sacrifice, rebus divinis interesse, of the priest ; sacris adesse, of the people; Cf. Herz. Cces. B. G. 6, 13). PRESENT, v. || To bring to view, sistere; in conspectum dare, in conspectu ponere, ante oculos ponere, proponere, exponere (to set, or place before the eyes). — ostendere, ostentare (to show, the latter esply to excite attention) : to p. itself to view, occurrere, objici (of things ; esply accidentally). — se sistere ; se dare in conspectum, se repraesentare, se ostendere, offerre (cf persons). — apparere, manifestum esse (to be apparent). || To make a present, ci donum (munus) dare; qm dono donare ; ci donum impertiri; munus ci deferre : to make one a trifling p., munusculum ci con- cinnare (Trebon. ap. C. Ep. 12, 16, 3) : to give one athg as a p., dare ci qd dono or muneri; ci qd or qm qa re donare. \\ To offer, offerre, praebere (g. tt). — cir- cumferre (to carry round and offer ; e. g. dhhes of food). || To introduce aby to another; see Introduce. II To present arms, *telum (tela) erigere honoris causa ; in honour of or to aby, *telum erigere ci. PRESENT, s. donum (any voluntary gift, esply in order to please, Swpov). — munus (a p. wch one feels bound to make ; esply as a token of affection or favour, yepas). — praemium (a reward of honour, with respect to the desert of the receiver, dOXov).— jactura (a p. for some definite purpose, such as involves a sacrifice on the part of the giver ; see Interpp. on Ca?s. B. G. 6, 12 ; Matthia, C. Manil. 23, 67). — donarium (a consecrated or dedicated offering). — corollarium (originally, a chaplet of gilded or silvered flowers as a p. to actors, fyc ; see C. Verr. 3, 79, 184; 4, 22, 49 ; then fig., a douceur in money, C. Verr. 3, 50, 118). — strena (a p. given on a feast, esply on new-year's day, for the sake of a good omen). — xenium (fei/toi/, a p. to a guest, Vitr. 6, 7 (10), 4; in the time of Pliny the Younger ; also a p., consist- ing chiefly of eatables, sent to one's intimate friends ; see Gierig, Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8). — apophoretum (uiro of later authority). To propose a p., quaerendum, expediendum ci qd proponere: solve that p. for me, mini, quod rogavi, dilue (Plant.) : it is a p., quaestio est ; magna est quaestio. Athg is a difficult p., res magna est : to solve a difficult p., id quod est difficillimum efficere (i. e. practically). PROBLEMATICAL, de quo quaeritur, quaestio est, disceptator. — incertus, dubius (doubtful). It is p., quaeritur, quaestio est. PROBOSCIS, manus (C.) ; proboscis, fdis (Plin.). PROCEDURE, || Mode of proceeding, agendi ratio, or simply ratio. ■ || Action, res gesta (a thing done). — actio (course of action). PROCEED, || To advance, go forward, pro- cedere. progredi. prodire. || To make progress, procedere. progredi: Jn. procedere et progredi. pro- ficere (in re). Proceed against (in law). See 'To bring an action.' Proceed from, proficisci a (ab) qa re. oriri ab qo (to arise on the part of aby).— manare ex or a qa re (See ' Flow from'). Love p.'s fm this beginning, ab istis initiis amor proficiscitur : every treatise ought to proceed fm a definition, omnis institutio a definitione proficisci debet : fear proceeded first fm the military tribunes, timor primum a tribunis militum ortus est. PROCEEDING, || Procedure, agendi ratio, ratio. || Action, res gesta. actio. (Svn. in Procedure.) j| In law, lis: legal p.'s ; see Action. PROCESS, || Progress, progressio. progressus, us. processus, us. P. of time, temporis decursus, us, in course of time, aevo. || Course of law, lawsuit; see Action. \\ Methodical management, agendi ratio. PROCESSION, || Proceeding, processio; or by theverb. || Train marching solemnly, pompa; pompa sollemnis (a solemn p.). To make a p., pompam ducere. PROCESSIONAL, ad pompam pertinens; or by gen. pompae. PROCLAIM, promulgare (to make publicly known). pronunciare (to p. publicly). — denunciare (to make a PRO threatening announcement). — edicere (to make publicly known by a written or oral proclamation). — proponere (to make known by a public notice). — praeconium facere (of a herald). — praedicare (also of the herald; to p. aby the conqueror ; an auction). — indicere (a war or festi- val). — salutare. consalutare (to hail as king, dictator, fyc. ; the latter, of several).— declarare (e. g. aby consul). To p. aby the conqueror, qm victorem praedicare or citare (the latter, if he is called up) ; the names of the conquerors, nomina victoram pronunciare ; an auction, auctionem praedicare ; auctionem fore conclamare : to have athg proclaimed by the herald or crier, qd per prae- conem pronunciare; qd praeconi, or sub praecone, or praeconis voci subjicere; qd per praeconem vendere {to make him p. that something is going to be sold). ggjjT Pronunciare and renunciare are used, the latter esply, of proclaiming the persons chosen by the comitia as magistrates; renunciare by those who collected the votes of each centuria ; pronunc. by the herald. When 'proclaim' is — declare, announce, it may be rendered sts by dicere, profited, prae se ferre. PROCLAMATION, \\ Act of proclaiming, promulgatio. pronunciatio (the proclaiming athg by public authority). — praeconium (by a herald). — evocatio (a p. to call aby to serve as a soldier in a time of sudden danger). — libellus (as a writing). To distribute p.'s, libellos dispergere (aft. T. Dial. 9, 3). See Proclaim. || That wch has been proclaimed, edictum. PROCLIVITY, proclivitas (prop., Auct. B. Afr. ; fig., C). See Proneness. PROCONSUL, Crcl. with pro consule (e. g. to go as p. into Cilicia, pro consule in Ciliciara proficisci, C.) or, as one word, proconsul (this form is found in C, e. g. Divin. 2, 36, 76); proconsularis vir (T. Agr. 42). PROCONSULAR, proconsularis (L. ; not C. or Ctes.) or Crcl. with pro consule or consulibus ; e. g. to go or to send aby with p. authority, proficisci, qmmittere, &c. pro consule. PROCONSULSHIP, proconsulatus, us (T., Plin.). PROCRASTINATE, Trans.) differre (to put off to a more convenient time, to defer). — qd procrastinare (to put off fm day to day). — qd differre »n crastinum, qd in posterum diem conferre (to put off until the following day).— in aliud tempus differre, proferre, or rejicere (to put off until some other time). Intrans.) diem ex die ducere, or prolatare. See also Delay, v. PROCRASTINATION, dilatio, prolatio (fm time to time). — procrastinatio (fm one day to another). See also Delay, s. PROCREATE, procreare. See Beget. PROCREATION, procreatio ; or Crcl. with the verbs. PROCREATOR, procreator (C). See Parent. PROCTOR, procurator (in a court of justice; see Attorney; explained fc^alieni juris vicarius, C. Ceecin. 20) ; pi. delecti, allegati (deputies, e. g. fm the clergy). — *procurator (in a university, 1. t.). PROCUMBENT, inclinatus (leaning forward).— cernuus (leaning or falling forward ; very rare and only poet.). — qui procubuit (tnat has fallen forward). — humi jacens (lying on the ground). — *humum spectans (towards the ground). PROCURACY, procuratio (v. pr.). PROCURATION, procuratio (v. pr.). ggp°dele- gatio in C. = 'an assignment:' in Sen. it has the meaning of 'delegation;' delegationem ista res non recipit. PROCURE, parare ; comparare. See Acquire, Ob- tain. PROCUREMENT, comparatio. adeptio [Syn. in Acquisition]. PROCURER, leno. libidinis minister. — cupiditatum cs minister (C). — perductor (C. Verr. 2, 1, 12). PROCURESS, lena. libidinis ministra; (sequestra stupri ; Appul.) PRODIGAL, prodigus (of persons).— profusus, effu- sus (of persons or things), in qa re. A p., homo pro- digus, profusus, or effusus; heluo; gurges; Jn. gurges atque heluo ; nepos (heluo and nepos with ref. to the whole character) : to be p. of athg, effundere, profundere, conficere, consumere (to consume or destroy by lavishing, to waste).— dissipare, abligurire, lacerare (e. g. patria bona, rem familiarem). — perdere (to throw away). — he- luari (to consume by luxury.— $**!?* prodigere is an old word, revived after the best period of the language ; and therefore to be avoided): to be p. of time, or words, tempus, verba, perdere : to be p. in the bestowal o£ honours, in decernendis honoribus nimium esse et tamquam prodigura (C). PRODIGALITY, effusio. profusio (as act).— 123 PRO sumptus effusi or profusi (extravagant expense). — pro* fusa luxuria (luxurious and expensive habits). PRODIGALLY, prodige; effuse. PRODIGIOUS, monstrosus ; portentosus ; prodi- giosus (Q., Ov. ; propr.). — admirabilis. stupendus. im- manis (impropr.): a p. sum of money, immanes pecuniae. PRODIGIOUSLY, monstrose; prodigialiter (t); pro- digiose (propr.).— stupendum in modum (in an astonish' ing manner). — valde. vehementer (all impropr.). PRODIGY, Propr.) monstrum ; portentum ; prodi- gium; ostentum. Impropr.) A p. of athg, prps mira- culum cs rei (aft. mir. magnitudinis, L. 25, 9); in quo plus est cs rei, quam videtur humana natura ferre posse ; quasi unicum exemplum cs rei (e. g. antiquae probitatis et fidei; or by some other turn): a p. of learning, mire or doctissime eruditus ; exquisita doc- trina pereruditus : aby is a p. of genius, plus in qo est in genii quam videtur humana natura ferre posse. See Miracle, Monster. PRODUCE, v. || To bring forward, producere (lead forward a person). — afferre, proferre (bring for- wards). — memorare, commemorare (make mention of). — laudare (esply, to praise; not = to quote a passage). — citare (to call forth; e. g. qm auctorem, as one's au- thority; but rare in this sense). To p. witnesses, testes proferre, laudare, proferre, citare, excitare : testimony, afferre testimonium : a passage, locum afferre ; see Cite : a reason, rationem, causam afferre; afferre cur with subj. (e. g. cur credam, afferre possum, C). ggg£" not producere, adducere, locum, rationem. || To yield (of trees, fields, #c), ferre, efferre, pro'ferre, fundere. effundere (of nature, the earth, a field, fyc. ; fund, and effund. = p. abundantly): top. crops, ferre fruges, or ferre only ; fructum afferre ; efferre (esply of a field). See Bear. \\To cause, afferre (to bring). — facere. efficere (to cause). — esse (with dat.). — parere (to beget ; sorrow, weariness, sleep, fyc.).— creare (make, cause ; danger, mistakes, pleasure, %c). — praestare (supply) : to p. profit or pleasure, utilitatem or volup- tatem afferre; usui or voluptati esse. For other phrases see the substantives. PRODUCE, PRODUCT, PRODUCTION, fructus, us ; reditus, us ; opus (work). The p.'s of art, opera et artificia. Whether this is a natural or artificial p., sive est naturae hoc, sive artis (t): p. of the earth, terrae fruges ; id quod agri afferunt ; quae terra gignit or parit ; quae gignuntur in or e terra : the products of manual labour, manu quaesita (C. N. D. 2, 60, 151). || Product (in arithmetic), summa, quae ex multipli- catione effecta est (Col. 5, 2, 1). PRODUCTION (Act of producing), usually by the verb : procreatio (procreation). PRODUCTIVE, ferax (v. pr. of the soil, %c.).— fertilis (eityopor; that bears well, or produces much ; opp. in- fecundus, barren ; cs rei). — opimus (rich, in respect of corn and produce, of a country, fyc. ; both are opp. to sterilis). — Jn. opimus et fertilis; fecundus, cs rei (that bears well, evronos, usually of living animals; of things only when personified). — uber (abounding in p. power). — frugifer, fructuosus (bearing much fruit). — largus (copious, abundant; e. g. messis) : a province p. of corn, fecunda annonae provincia : to be very p. of athg, copiam cs rei effundere : this year was very p. of poets, magnum proventum poetarum annus hie attulit (Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 1): this age was very p. of orators, haec aetas effudit copiam oratorum (C. Brut. 9, 36). See also Fertile. PROEM, procemium. praefatio. (See Obs. on Pre- face.) PROFANATION, violatio (templi, L.; religionum, Sen. ; profanatio, Tertull.). To order an investigation on the subject of the p. of the holy rites, quaestionem de pollutis sacris decernere. PROFANE, v. profanare, profanum dicere [in the best age only = to confound divine things with human, sacred with common ; opp. sacrum esse velle : in later writers = g. t. to violate). — exaugurare (to recal a thing fm sacred to common use; opp. inaugurare; see L. 1, 55). — polluere. maculare (to dishonour what is sacred or pure).— violare (g. t. for any breach of what is due to athg, templa). PROFANE, adj. profanus. A p. person, homo pro- fanus (g. t.). — homo impius (godless) : p. history, *historia rerum a populis gestarum ; but prps profana historia necessary as t. t, opp. sacra historia. PROFANELY, impie. profane (Lactant.). PROFANENESS, impietas ; profanum (Plin.). PROFESS, profiteri: to p. an art, artem colere; itt arte se exercere: to p. philosophy, philosophiam profit- PRO ted: top. oneself a consulting barrister, Be jure con- sultant esse profited: to p. medicine, or to be a phijsician, ruedicinam profited. See also Declare, Proclaim. PROFESSEDLY, ex professo ; aperte ; or Crcl. with libere profited, ingenue confiteri. PROFESSION, \\ Avowal, professio (e. g. bonae voluntatis). || An employment, learned avoca- tion, ars; disciplina: the p. of arms, disciplina mili- taris : the p. of medicine, medicina: to follow the p. of medicine, medicinam profited : the liberal p.'s, artes ingenuae, liberates, honestae or elegantes ; studia libe- ralia: to study a p., arti ci studere: to follow a p., artem colere, factitare ; in arte versari, se exercere (exercere artem, doubtful, Krebs) : to relinquish a p., artem desinere. PROFESSIONAL, By the gen. artis, muneris, &c. : a p. income, muneris commbda {pi., C). PROFESSOR, professor (Plin., e. g. eloquentiae, civilis juris, eloquentiae). To be a p., profited ( post- Aug. ; e. g. translatus est in Siciliam, ubi nunc profi- tetur, Plin. Ep. 4, 11). To be p. of history, *historiam publica auctoritate tradere. PROFESSORSHIP, *professoris munus or partes : to blame athg for the faults of its p.'s, studium quod- piam vituperare propter eorum vitia, qui in eo studio sunt (And, ad Her. 2, 27, 44). PROFFER, rem ci offerre. See Offer. PROFICIENCY, Crcl. with adj. in Proficient. PROFICIENT, eruditus. doctus. doctrina instructus or eruditus: a great p., vir perfecta eruditione; vir perfecte planeque eruditus. PROFILE, faciei latus alterum ; imago obliqua, opp. imago recta (see Hand. Plin. 35, 8, 34) : p.'s may also be expressed by the t. t., catagrapha, orum, n. (pi.): to draw in p., imaginem cs obliquam facere (Plin. 35, 10, 36); imaginem latere tantum altero ostendere (Q. 2, 13, 12). PROFIT, s. lucrum, emolumentum. quaestus. com- pendium, fructus. utilitas. commodum [Syn. in Ad- vantage. — lucr., emol. are g. tt. ; quaest. and compend. are mercantile terms], Jn. quaestus et lucrum, quaestus et compendium : source of p., quaestus ; res ex qua qd acquiritur (C. Off. 1, 42, 151): great p., quaestus mag- nus. lucrum magnum, amplum: small p., lucellum. lucrum non magnum, quaestus turpis, mediocris, &c. : to derive p. fm athg, utilitatem capere or perc ipere ex re ; fructum capere or percipere ex re [(gg!F fructum cs rei is more common than ex re when the thing fm wch the person derives p. is possessed by himself; e. g. capio magnum laboris mei fructum] : to make great p.'s, mul- tum lucri auferre: to be making no p.'s, nullum facere quaestum ; nihil proficere : to have an eye to one's own p., qd ad fructum suum referre. privato suo commodo servire (of the habit): the p. of a farm, fyc, fructus quern praedia reddunt; praediorum mercedulae (both of rent) ; praediorum proventus (of the whole produce) : the landlord receives a great p., puri atque reliqui qd ad dominum pervenit : to make p. one's first object, or the first consideration, omnia quaestu metiri; omnia ad emolumentum revocare: what p. have I in deceiving you ? quid mihi lucri est te fallere? (Ter.) : to bring in (so much) p., fructum ferre (C); lucrum apportare (Plant.); lucro esse ci: to make p.'s, lucrum or quaes- tum facere : / calculate my p.'s, enumero quod ad me rediturum puto. See Advantage, Gain. PROFIT, v. || Trans.) utilem esse, usui esse, ex usu esse.— utilitatem or usum praebere. — prodesse. condu- cere. To p. aby much, magnae utilitati esse ; magnam utilitatem afferre ; plurimum or valde prodesse : not to p. aby much, non multum prodesse : to p. aby, esse ex usu cs ; esse ex re or in rem cs (of a thing). — ci prodesse (of persons or things). — qm juvare (by assistance), ci adesse (by advice or support; both of men). || Intrans.) To profit by athg, utilitatem or fructum capere or per- cipere ex re (but also cs rei, esply if the person himself possesses the thing; e. g. capio magnum laboris mei fructum).— commodum facere ex re (both of gaining advantage fm).— proficere. progredi. progressus facere. procedere (all in re ; to make progress). See To Gain. PROFITABLE, quaestuosus. lucrosus. utilis. corn- modus, fructuosus. [Syn. in Advantageous.] To be p., fructum edere ex se ; uberrimus est reditus vine- arum (the vineyards are p.). PROFITABLY, utiliter. bene, commode. PROFITLESS, inutilis. cassus. inanis. vanus. irri- tus. Jn. vanus et irritus. frivolus et inanis. [Syn. in Useless.] PROFLIGACY, animus perditus (depraved dispo- sition).— perdita nequitia (extreme vice or wickedness). PRO PROFLIGATE, perditus (lost to all sense of virtue, hopelessly corrupt). — profligatus (abandoned) ; Jn. pro- fligatus et perditus. — sceleratus, scelerosus (vicious, wicked). The most p. of men, profligatissimus omnium mortalium et perditissimus : to lead a p. life, voluptati- bus se dedere or se tradere, servire, deditum esse. PROFOUND. See Deep. PROFOUNDLY, subtiliter. abscondite (e. g. dis- serere). PROFUNDITY. See Depth. PROFUSE, || Abundant, abundans ; affluens. || Lavish, prodigus (of persons ; careless of property, 8fc). — profusus. effusus (of persons and things; e. g. sumptus, that spends freely or consumes). P. in athg, prodigus or effusus in qa re. PROFUSELY, abunde. satis superque (more than enough, denote a quality). — abundanter (in an abundant manner). — prolixe. effuse (in superabundance). Jn. prolixe effuseque; large effuseque. — ®£jf not profuse in this sense (profuse tendere in castra; L.). PROFUSENESS, PROFUSION, || Abundance, abundantia, affluentia; ubertas. [Syn. and Phr. in Abundance.] || Lavish expenditure, effusio, profusio (the action). — sumptus effusi or profusi (money lavishly expended). — profusa \uxuria, (the habit of spend- ing lavishly). — also pi. effusiones (C). PROGENITOR. See Ancestor. PROGENY, progenies (|gg|r proles is poet. ; prosa- pia obsol.)— liberi, nati, pi. (children). — posted, pi.; posteritas (posterity). PROGNOSTIC, signum. nota futurae cs rei (Cels. ; both esply = 'symptom,' in med.); "prxnuncius (either as subst., or as adj. agreeing with a subst. before men- tioned, to wch it refers) : p.'s, praedicta, orum (as pub- lished beforehand). — Ig^lT prognostica in C. only as title of his translation of Aratus, irpoyvaxrrtKd. To be a p. of athg, cs rei esse praenuncium ; qd praenunciare. See Forerunner. PROGNOSTICATE. See Forebode, Prophecy. PROGNOSTICATION, \\ Act of prognostica- ting; see Prophecy. \\ Prognostic ; vid. PROGNOSTICATOR. See Prophet. PROGRAMME, some say prolbgus or prolusio; but prps programma (although not classical) is sis neces- sary as t. t. Georges gives libellus, with ref. to C. Quint. 15, 50, and 19, 61 ; C. Phil. 2, 38; T. Dial. 9, 3. PROGRESS, s. progressus, progressio (prop, and fig.). — processus (fig.). To make p. in athg, procedere, progredi; Jn. procedere et progredi, proficere in re; progressus (|@i*gr in the best age never profectum) facere in re : to make but little p. in a thing, parum proficere in re : to make great p. in a thing, multum proficere in re : he made such extraordinary p., that $c, tantos processus efficiebat, ut &c (see C. Brut. 78, 272) : lam satisfied with my p., me, quantum profecerim, non pcenitet. PROGRESS, v. (not good English). See Advance. PROGRESSION, progressio (also as arith. t. t.). PROGRESSIVE, qui (quae, quod) progreditur, pro- cedit. = gradual, vid. PROGRESSIVELY, gradatim, gradibus (step by step). — pedetentim (by slow advances, gradually). PROHIBIT, interdicere. vetare. prohibere. [Svn. and Constr. in Forbid.] Prohibited goods, *merces vetitae. See also Contraband. PROHIBITION, interdictum. To issue a p., inter- dicere ci qa, re ( g^p" not ci qd, in the best age), or with ne; ci praedicere, with ne or ut ne; vetare (to forbid). PROHIBITORY, qui (quae, quod) vetat, &c. PROJECT, s. consilium. — machina, machinatio, conatus (a secret, bad design). To form a p., consilium capere, inire; against aby, concerning athg, contra qm, de qa re; also consilium qd (aciendi capere or agi- tare : to form secret p.'s, clandestinis consiliis operam dare; consilia clam inire: to form a p. for aby, consilii auctorem esse ci : to adopt a p., consilium sequi: to kinder or defeat a p., consilium perimere or confringere ; conatum infringere. PROJECT, v. || Intrans.) To jut out, prominere (to hang over in front; fig. = to stretch out, extend; to, 8fc, in . . usque). — eminere (to jut out). — exstare (to stand out; prop.). — projici, projectum esse (to be built out; e. g. in the sea; of a town, fyc). — prosilire (to spring forth). — procedere (to go forth or out). — pro- currere, excurrere, fm athg, ab qa re, or into athg, in qd {to run forth, run out ; e. g. into the sea, of a peninsula, Sfc). || Trans.) To form a project; see Pro- ject, s. PROJECTILE, missile (telum or ferrum). PRO PROJECTION, PROJECTURE (in architecture), projectura, ecphora (Vitr.). PROLEGOMENA. See Preface. PROLEPTICAL, Crcl. with anticipare or antici- pate. PROLIFIC, || Prop.) (of land, $c.) fertilis; fecun- dus ; uber ; ferax (usually with a gen., rarely with abl. : C.uses it almost always fig.).— fructuosus ; frugifer. — (of animals,) fecundus; multos partus, fetus, edens. || Fig.) ferax; copiosus; fecundus; uber [Syn. and Phr. in Fertile, Fruitful]. PROLIX, latus (wide, set forth in all its parts, opp. contractus; of persons and things). — copiosus (copious). — verbosus (using many words, where the matter might be more simply expressed, verbose: lUp^ prolixus in this sense is not Class.). A p. disputation, quaestio, dis- putatio lata: a p. speech, oratio longa or lata or copiosa or verbosa : a p. letter, epistola longior or verbosa : a p. work, opus diffusum : to be p., longum esse; inathg, fnultum esse in qa re : to be too p. in athg, nimium esse in qa re: I should be too p., longum est (longum esset is not Latin; see Kriiger, § 463; Zumpt, § 520): in order not to be too p., ne multus sim ; ne plura dicam; ne longior sim ; to become p., provebi: to become too p., longius provehi. PROLIXITY, verbositas (verbosity, a making use of a great many words, as quality; late). — anfractus. am- bages (a roundabout narrative ; e. g. ambages narrare, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 77). PROLIXLY, late (widely). — longe (long).— fuse, diffuse (diffusely, extending widely) ; Jn. latius et dif- fusius ( $££* but prolixe is quite un-Class. in this sense). — copiose. verbose. [Syn. in Prolix.] To speak p., copiose et abundanter dicere ; fuse et late dicere ; on any subject, uberius et fusius de qa re disputare (opp. brevius et angustius) ; also dilatare qd (opp. premere qd) : to speak too p., longius, latius, et diffusius dicere : more p. than necessary, verbosius, quam necesse erat : to write p. on a subject, late or verbose qd perscribere. PROLOCUTOR, orator (g. t., e.g. in an embassy or any mission). — cognitor (agent of a party present in a court of justice ; see Heind. H. Sat. 2, 5, 38).— prolo- cutor (one who speaks on behalf or in defence of another; Auct. Quint, decl.). PROLOGUE, prologus (wpoXoyot). PROLONG, prorogare (e. g. the time of an office, the term in wch a payment ought to be made, $c. ; e. g. diem ad solvendum : the chief command, imperium. — gg§T prolongare is spurious Latin). — propagare (lit. to remove, as it were, the limits of athg, to allow to con- tinue, e. g. the chief command for one year, imperium in annum ; hence to carry on, e. g. the war, bellum). — producere (to carry on for some time longer, e. g. an entertainment, feast, %c, convivium vario sermone). — extendere (to extend beyond a certain time, to go on with athg, e. g. until midnight, ad mediam noctem). — continuare (to cause to continue or to exist, with ref. to time; e.g. militiam; ci consulatum, magistratum). — trahere (to make athg last longer than necessary fm want of energy, proper measures, fyc. ; e. g. bellum ; different from ducere bellum, t. e. to protract the war purposely, in order to tire the enemy out, by not en- gaging in a general battle). — proferre (to defer, to post- pone; e.g. diem). — prolatare (to defer to another period ; comitia). To p. aby's life, ci vitam producere (e. g. by giving alms to aby that would otherwise starve ; Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 59). — ci vitae spatium prorogare (of aby that is to die, e. g. a criminal; T. Ann. 3, 51, extr.).— ci spi- ritum prorogare (of a patient, on the part of the phy- sician; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 7): to p. one's life by athg, *vitam sibi producere qa re ; vitam prorogare qa re. PROLONGATION, prorogatio. propagatio [Syn. in To Prolong]. — prolatio diei (of a term of payment). PROLUSION, praecentio (beating the proper time in music, leading). — prooemium (introduction made with a musical instrument; e. g. citharoedi; C. de Or. 2, 80, 325). — prologus (prologue; of a play). — prolusio or praelusio (the commencement of a fight, skirmish wch precedes the general combat ; hence fig. = opening of athg; see Gierig, Plin. Ep. 6, 13, extr.) : to be the p. of athg, (fig.) ci rei antecedere. PROMENADE, s. ambulatio. spatium.— ambula- crum. — xystus (alley; open at top, but with trees, fyc. on each side). See Walk. PROMENADE, v. ambulare, inambulare, in qo loco (to walk). — deambulare in qo loco (to walk as long as one likes). — spatiari in qo loco (to walk leisurely). — ire (to wnlk up and down, H. Sat. 9, 1, 1). PROMINENCE, em inentia (eminence, vid.); or Crcl. with verbs,— g*§" prominentia, late. 125 PRO PROMINENT (TO BE), prominere (also impropf. = to extend itself, as far as, $c, in . . . usque, but never in the sense of To Distinguish oneself). — emi- nere (to rise high, to tower ; also Fig. = to distinguish oneself among the rest, inter omnes). — exstare (to be above the level ; e. g. capite solo ex aqua). — projici. pro- jectum esse (to be built in suck manner as to project; e.g. in altum, of a town with regard to the sea). Impropr., excellere (to excel, vid.). // = Distinguished, vid. To make athg a p. part in a speech, premere qd (to dwell on it particularly). — imprimis praedicare qd ; e. g. cs merita in rempublicam (to make peculiar men- tion of): p. eyes, oculi eminentes, prominentes, or exstantes : a p. tooth, dens exsertus ; dens brocbus (in animals). PROMINENTLY. See 'in a Distinguished man- ner.' PROMISCUOUS, mixtus. permixtus (mixed).— pro- miscuus (compose d of various parts, or of parts of various nature). — |§||p° miscellus and miscellaneus are not found in standard prose. P. writings, opera varii et diversi generis, or varia et diversa genera operum (aft. C. Manil. 10, 28). If = Common, vid. P. love, amor venereus or libidinosus : to be given or to indulge in it, rebus venereis deditum esse, or amare simply (epav, see S. Cat. 11, 6). PROMISCUOUSLY, sine delectu (without choice).— temere (without discrimination). Quite p., sine ullo delectu. PROMISE, s. promissio; pollicitatio (see the verb). — fides (one's word given or pledged to a certain effect). — promissum (that wch one has promised, a thing pro- mised). To give a p., ci promittere or polliceri ($e&§r noi °i promissum facere) ; with an ace. and inf., de qa re : he makes firm p.'s (ironically), satis scite tibi promittit (in comedy) : to make many p.'s, multa ci polliceri : to keep or fulfil one's p., promissum facere, efficere, praestare, servare, solvere, exsolvere, persol- vere ; promisso stare or satisfacere ; quod promisi or pollicitus sum, or quod promissum est, servare, obser- vare, or efficere; quod promissum est tenere; fidem servare, praestare, solvere, or exsolvere : p.'s are not kept, promissa ad irritum cadunt : to be bound by a p., promisso teneri. PROMISE, v. || To make a promise, promittere (usually, in answer to a request, to engage oneself to a performance of the thing required at some future time ; ci qd, or de qa re). — polliceri (for. the most part, spon- taneously or of one's own accord; also = not to refuse ; ci qd, or de qa re : ggg° neque minus ei prolixe de tua voluntate promisi, quam eram solitus de mea pol- liceri, C. ad Div. 7, 5, 1 ; promittere here denoting to give the actual expectation of a thing in prospect, pol- liceri merely to manifest a willingness to do it if possi- ble). — pollicitari (with repeated assurances). — appro- mittere (to take upon oneself a promise already made by another in one's name). — in se recipere, or simply re- cipere (to undertake, to become responsible for). — re- cipere et ultro polliceri ; spondere, despondere (form- ally, so as to come under a legal obligation to fulfil one's engagement). — proponere (to propose or hold out as a reward; e. g. servis libertatem). — pronunciare (publicly). ' To p. that or to,' is expressed in Latin by an ace. and infin. (usually a future infin., rarely the present) aft. the verb of promising ; e. g. I p. to do so or so, promitto, or polliceor, me hoc facturum esse : to p. in marriage, despondere (@ggT not desponsare). |j To give hope, promittere; spem facere or dare cs rei. He p.'s well, qs alios bene de se sperare jubet ; alii de qo bene sperare possunt. PROMISING, qui promittit, spem facit or dat. See the verb. PROMISSORY NOTE, chirographum ; chirograph! cautio. To borrow money upon a p. n., *per chirogra- phum pecuniam mutuam sumere: to lend money upon a p. n., *chirographo exhibito pecuniam ci credere: to give a p. n., chirographum exhibere (aft. Gell. 14, 2, § 7).— chirographo cavere de qa re (Suet. Cal. 12). PROMONTORY, promontorium ; lingua (= pro- montorii genus non excellentis, sed molliter in planum devexi, Fest. : L., 0.). To turn or double a p., flectere promontorium (C. de Div. 2, 45). PROMOTE, || To aid, assist; vid. || To for- ward aby's interests, servire cs commodis ; rebus or rationibus cs consulere or prospicere ; the interests or welfare of a state, saluti reipublicas consulere ; rem- publicam juvare, tueri ; reipublicae salutem suscipere ; a study, studiis favere, studia concelebrare (by pur- suing it eagerly ; of several persons, C. Invent. 1, 3, 4). || To advance to honour, qm augere, tollere, at- PRO tollere (to raise a man to posts of honour in a state).— fovere (to show favour to by one's acts). — ornare, ex- ornare (to distinguish).— gratia et auctoritate sua sus- tentare (support by one's influence) : Jn. augere atque ornare; augere et adjuvare ; fovere ac tollere; sus- tinere ac fovere. — to athg, producere ad dignitatem (to raise to a post of honour). — promovere ad or in munus or ad locum (to p. to an office; not promovere alone) : to p. aby to a higher rank or office, qm promovere ad (in) ampliorem gradum, ad ampliora officia (|g§f° pro- movere, &c, in this sense is always post-Aug. ; the best writers use the word only in the strict physical sense, to move or push forward ; Krebs) : to be promoted, ascen- dere (ad) altiorem gradum ; promoveri ad altiorem gradum (g. t.) ; in ampliorem ordinem evehi (of mili- tary men; aft. Cces. B. C. 1, 77) : to be promoted through all the grades to the highest command, efferri per hono- rum gradus ad sum mum imperium : to be promoted by any one, auctum adjutumque ab qo ascendere altiorem gradum ; in altiorem locum ascendere per qm ; cs beneficio altiorem dignitatis gradum consequi : to be promoted fm a lower post to a higher, promoveri ab humili ordine ad altiorem gradum ; to the highest posts, ad summos honores provehi. PROMOTER, adjutor cs rei (a helper, supporter). — auctor cs rei (o?ie through whose influence, persuasion, fyc, athg takes place). — minister cs rei (an aider or abettor in a bad action). — fautor cs or cs rei (a favourer of a person or thing by advice or action). PROMOTION, || Act of promoting, Crcl. by verbs under Promote. \\ Advancement to honour, dignitatis accessio. officium amplius. promotio (post- Aug.). To hinder aby's p., aditum ad honores ci inter- cludere : to receive or obtain p., honore augeri ; muneri praefici (to some particular office) : to receive further p., see phrases in Promote : in hope of (military) p., spe ordinis or (of several) ordinum (see Cces. B. C. 1, 77). PROMPT, adj. celer (quick, expeditious).— promptus, expeditus (ready). PROMPT, v. || To help by secret instruction, suggerere ci qd. suggerere, si qm memoria deficit. — subjicere ci verba (the latter, of the theatrical ' prompt- er,' or of one who acts like him). || To incite, insti- gate, insusurrare (to whisper in aby's ears, ci or ad aurem [confidentially] or in aures [clandestinely] ; C). PROMPTER, qui verba subjicit ci. PROMPTITUDE or PROMPTNESS, celeritas (quickness). — velocitas. pernicitas. agilitas [Stn. in Fast].— praesentia animi or animi praesentia (presence of mind; p. in using means at hand, fyc). See also PROMPTLY, prompte (T.); celeriter, cito (quickly). PROMULGATE, palam facere (to make known).— aperire. patefacere (to bring to aby's knowledge) ; Jn. aperire et in lucem proferre. — denunciare (to denounce, to declare publicly; e. g. war). — prodere. memoriae prodere (to deliver to posterity). — promulgare (to give public notice of athg; e. g. a law, fyc). — proponere (to post up; e. g. edictum, edict; fastos populo, &c). — praedicare (as by a herald, unpvTTt-iv, uvaK^pinretv). — pronunciare (to announce to the public ; e. g. an order with regard to military matters, wapayyeWetv). — edere. foras dare (to issue, to give out; e. g. a writing, fyc). See also To Divulge. PROMULGATION, praedicatio. pronunciatio. pro- mulgatio [Stn. in To Promulgate]. Or by Crcl. with the verbs. PROMULGATOR, Crcl. with the verbs in To Pro- mulgate. PRONE, || Tending downward, devexus; de- clivis or declivus; inclinatus. || Inclined, pronus (g. t.). — proclivis (cmly to something good). — propensus (cmly to something bad). See ' Inclined to.' PRONENESS, (voluntatis) inclinatio; animi pro- pensio; proclivitas. — Jggg pronitas is an uncertain reading in Seneca, and therefore to be carefully avoided. Klotx. — See Inclination, Propensity. PRONG, dens ; ramus. PRONOMINAL, by gen. pronominis ; pronominalis (Priscian). PRONOUNCE, || To articulate by the organs of speech, appellare (C. Brut. 35, 133).— enunciare, efferre (to denote by sound : |i§|r pronunciare is rather = to deliver; first in Gelt, to pronounce).— dicere (to utter). To p. words too broadly, voces distrahere; letters, literas valde dilatare; (affectedly), putidius exprimere literas: to p. distinctly, plane loqui; ci est os planum or explanatum : to p. words properly and with the right tone of voice, exprimere verba et suis quasque literas sonis enunciare : to p. indistinctly, 126 PRO verba, literas (negligentius) obscurare : to p. incorrectly, qd perperam enunciare -.top. a syllable short, Byllabam corripere or breviare; long, syllabam producere: not to be able to p. the letter R, literam R dicere non posse. || To speak, utter, pronunciare (to deliver with dis- tinct and audible voice). — eloqui, verbis exprimere (to express well in words). — enunciare, also with verbis (to speak out). — proloqui (to say out, say aloud). — effari (to speak out, religious-archaic, and poetic word ; but cf. C. de Or. 3, 38, 153). — explicare, explanare verbis (to explain in words). — edicere (to give to understand, to make known; see C. Eel. p. 225). || To declare solemnly : to p. sentence, sententiam dicere (of a judge). — sententiam pronunciare (to publish the judge- ment after and according to the decision of a judge). — judicium facere (§§£^T not judicium ferre, though sen- tentiam or suffragium ferre are correct): to p. an opinion, dicere quid sibi videatur; sententiam suam dicere ; aperire sententiam suam : to p. guiltless, absol- vere (propr. and impropr.); of athg, qa re or de qa re (e. g. regni suspicione, de praevaricatione). — exsolvere qa re (e. g. suspicione).— liberare qa re (set free; g. t.). PRONUNCIATION, \\Act or mode of utter- ance (of syllables or single words), appellatio ( HJUT not pronunciatio, wch is always = actio, the whole delivery). — prolatio (the uttering a word; L. 22, 13, Punicum os abhorret ab Latinorum nominum prolatione, i. e. the Latin names are very difficult to the Carthaginians). — - locutio (a speaking). An agreeable p., suavis appellatio literarum ; literarum appellandarum suavitas : a gentle p., lenis appellatio literarum : a correct p., emendata locutio : a pleasant and distinct p., emendata cum sua- vitate vocum explanatio (Q. 1, 5, 33): by a broad p., valde dilatandis Uteris : the sharp or acute p. of a syllable, correptio (opp. productio). || Delivery of language; accent; os (language uttered). — vox (voice) ; Jn. os ac vox (full-toned). — vocis sonus, or, fm the context, simply sonus (tone of voice). A correct p., vocis sonus rectus (opp. oris pravitas) : a clear p., os explanatum or planum (opp. os confusum) : agreeable p., suavitas vocis or oris ac vocis ; os jucundum: a re- fined or elegant p., os urbanum : an easy or smooth p., os facile (opp. asperitas soni) : a rude p., oris rusticitas ; sonus subrusticus: a foreign p., sonus peregrinus ; oris peregrinitas ; os barbarum; os in peregrinum sonum corruptum (broken). I don't like an affected p., nolo exprimi literas putidius (C.) : we must write according to the p., perinde scribendum est ac loquamur; sic scri- bendum quidque judico, quomodo sonat : not to write words according to the p., verba aliter scribere ac enun- ciantur. To have (such) a p. ; see the corresponding phrase in To Pronounce. PROOF, || The act or mode of proving, pro- batio (in the Dig. also of proving before a court of just- ice).— demonstratio (a showing by strong p. ; in Vitruv. 9, prcef. 4, also of mathematical p.).— argumentatio (by argument). To bring p. of athg ; see To Prove : it is difficult of p., difficile est probatu. || Convincing argument, argumentum. ratio. To bring or allege p.'s, argumenta or rationes afferre : to derive p.'s fm, argumenta ex re ducere, sumere, eruere (gip a p. of athg, not argumentum pro qa re, but argumentum quo qd esse demonstratur, &c.) : to bring many p.'s for the existence of a God, multis argumentis Deum esse do- cere: that is nop., nullum verum id argumentum est : to produce or allege many p.'s for that opinion, multa in earn partem probabiliter argumentari (L.\ — g§p° Argumentum is often left out when an adj. is used; e.g. 'the strongest p. for this is,' fyc, firmissi- mum hoc afferri videtur, quod &c. (C.) || Sign, token, signuro. indicium, specimen (a visible sign; gggr not in the plural). — documentum sui(sign of one's ability). — rudimentum, tirocinium (first sign of one's proficiency in an art, fyc ). To give or furnish a p., ru- dimentum or tirocinium ponere ; documentum sui dare (of one's ability). — specimen cs rei dare; signifi- cationem cs rei facere (e. g. probitatis) : to serve as a p., signo, indicio, documento esse. || Attempt to ascer- tain the quality of a person or thing, tentatio. tentamen. experimentum (an attempt, in order to gain experience). — periculum (an attempt, attended with some risk). To make p. of a thing, experimentum cs rei capere; periculum cs rei or in qa re facere; qd tentare, experiri, or periditari ; fidem cs explorare (to put to the p.). || (In printing) trial sheet, *pericu- lum typographicum (Ruhnk.); *plagula exempli causa typis exscripta. PROOF, adj. fidelis ; (of armour, fyc.) ad omnes ictus tutus (L.)) impervius ferro: the mind is p. agst mis- PRO fortunes, animus malis sufficit (0.) : virtue is p. agst all force, nulla vi potest labefactari virtus (CO- PROP, s. || Prop.) statumen. pedamen. pedamen- tum; adminiculura {for a vine). j| Fig.) Support, colttmen (esply of persons on whom others depend). — firmamentum (that gives stability to athg). — praesidium (safeguard). — subsidium (aid, assistance). — munimen- tum (defence).— (tamquam) adminiculum. PROP, v. || Prop.) fulcire. adminiculari. statumi- nare (by building, #c, underneath).— pedare (of trees). To be propped up by athg, niti, inniti qa re. || Fig.) fulcire; praesidio esse. To p. oneself up on athg, inniti qa re ; confidere ci re or qa re. PROPAGATE, propagate (propr. and impropr., of propagating a race).— disseminare (e. g. a report, rumorem; an evil, malum). The disease p.' s itself by contagion, contactu morbus in alios vulgatur (L. 4, 30). To p. a report, rumorem or famam differre ; rumorem spargere, dispergere, divulgare, &c. : to be propagated, se diffundere, diffundi (to spread itself; propr. and fig., of rumours, errours, $c.); late serpere {of rumours, $c). PROPAGATION, propagatio; or by the verb. So- ciety for the p. of the Gospel, *ad fines Christianas religionis propagandas consociatio. PROPAGATOR, Crcl. with the verbs, ggp"* not propagator in this sense. PROPEL, propellere (p. pr.). — protrudere (more rare). PROPENSITY, proclivitas; animus proclivis or pro- pensus ad qd; libido cs rei. P. to satire, acerbitas (as a trait of character ; Q. 10, 1, 117). gggT The Latins also frequently denote it in compound words by the termina- tion -entia, and the person possessing the p. by -entus ; e. g., p. to drinking wine, vinolentia ; one who has such p., vinolentus : p. to extravagance, prodigentia (T. Ann. 6, 14, 1); one that has such p., prodigus : to have a p. to athg, non alienum esse a re (in a good sense). — pronum esse ad qd or in qd (in Class. Latin only in a bad sense ; not as Suet. Ner. 52, pronum esse ad poeti- cam). See Inclination. PROPER, || Right, fit, true, verus (real; opp. falsus). — germanus (genuine). Jn. verus et germanus. — Justus (right, legitimate). A p. (opp. to a figurative, %c.) word, verbum proprium (opp. verbum translatum). To denote athg by the p. term or expression, qd verbo proprio declarare. See also Fit. \\ Peculiar, \id. PROPERLY, || Strictly, proprie. To use a word p. (i. e. in its proper sense), verbum proprie dicere. || Fitly, suitably, apte. idonee. recte. commode, bene. (Syn. in Commodiotjsly.] PROPERTY, || Peculiar quality, proprietas, proprium (v. pr.). — natura (nature or quality). — ratio, vis (efficacy). — qualitas (7roioT»r, peculiar nature or quality; a new philosophical term coined by C. ; see Acad. 1, 6 and 7; N. D. 2, 37, 94). The Latins fre- quently use, in connexion with esse, the simple genitive of the pronoun to which the p. belongs, omitting pro- prium (with this difference, that proprium gives more prominence to the quality as characteristic ; cf. Grotef. § 188, obs. 3 ; Herz. Cces. B. G. 6, 23, in.): it is the p. of a good orator, est boni oratoris, &c. : it is the p. of a wise man to do nothing of wch he may have to repent, sapientis est proprium (i. e. it is peculiar to him, it is a mark of his character) nihil, quod pcenitere possit, facere : or we may put, instead of the noun in the gen., the neuter of an adj. answering to it ; e. g. it is the p. of mankind, humanum est : it is the p. of a Roman, Romanum est (as L. 2, 12, Romanura est, et agere et pati fortia). So also ' of what p.' is expressed by qualis, and 'of such p.' by talis or by sic comparatus. Good p.'s, virtutes; animi bona, orum, n. ; bona indoles: one possesses many distinguished p.'s, multa in qo emi- nent et elucent (Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 5): a bad p., malum; vitium. \\That wch is one's own, goods pos- sessed, possessiones; bona, orum, n. (landed estates). — fortunae (goods, effects) ; also by res (pi.); as, move- able p., res moventes ; res, quae moveri possunt : or by proprius, a, um ; also, fm the context, by the possessive pronoun, proprius meus (tuus, &c), and very often by the possessive pronoun alone ; e. g. this is my p., hoc meum or meum proprium est : to consider athg as his own p., suum qd ducere : to give aby athg as his p., qd proprium ci tradere : to have some p., to be a person of p., opes habere; bona possidere; in bonis esse; in possessione bonorum esse: to have much p., to be a person of large p., magnas facultates habere; locuple- tem et pecuniosum esse; copiis rei familiaris abundare: to have no p., facultatibus carere ; pauperem esse: to acquire p., bona sibi parare or sibi colligere : to be or become the p. cf aby, cs esse ; cs fieri ; to disturb aby in 127 PRO his p., to endeavour to deprive aby of his p., vexare cs bona fortunasque : they take their p. and go to Rome, sublatis rebus commigrant Romam : take your p. and look for another place, res tuas tolle et alium locum quaere : right of p., dominium ; auctoritas or jus aucto- ritatis (the right to a thing lawfully acquired). — manci- pium or jus mancipii (right of p. by formal purchase). PROPERTY-TAX, tributum ex censu collatum (see C. Verr. 2, 53, 131). PROPHECY, || A ci of prophesying, vaticinatio; divinatio; praedictio (e. g. rerum futurarum) [Syn. in Prophesy]. || A prediction, praedictum; vatiei- nium; augurium. His p. was fulfilled, non falsus vates fuit. PROPHESY, Trans.) vaticinari (g. t.).— canere (to p. in verse or rhythm).— augurari (to foretell by thefligh i of birds, fyc; then generally). To p. (= anticipate) athg, qd augurari; qd opinione or conjectura (C.) ot mente (Curt.) augurari: to p. aby's fate, praedicere, quid ci eventurum sit ; his death, ci mortem augurari. || Intrans.) futura praedicere. praenunciare. — vaticinari (to p. ; be a vates). PROPHET, vates; fatidicus, fatiloquus (L. ; pro- pheta, Appul., Lad.): a false p., pseudopropheta (Tertull.). He was a true p., non falsus vates fuit ; ab eo praedictum est, fore eos eventus rerum, qui accide- runt. PROPHETICAL, vaticinus (of or relating to pro- phecy). — ccelesti quodam mentis instinctu prolatus (inspired). — fatidicus, fatiloquus (faticanus, 0.) : a p. spirit, praesagientis animi divinatio. PROPHETICALLY, divinitus ; ccelesti quodam instinctu mentis; instinctu divino affiatuque. PROPINQUITY. See Nearness, Affinity. PROPITIATE, placare qm or cs animum offensum; mitigare, lenire qm or cs animum (0.); propitiare (Plaut., T.). PROPITIATION, \\Act of propitiating, pla- catio; reconciliatio ; reconciliatio gratiae or con cord iae. ||.4n atonement, expiatio. PROPITIATOR, gratia; reconciliator (aft. L. 35, 45); gratiae reconciliandae or reconciliatae auctor (aft. C). PROPITIATORY, s. «gratiae reconciliatae testimo- nium, indicium, signum. A p. sacrifice, piaculum. hostia piacularis. piaculare, with or without sacrificium : to offer a p. sacrifice, piaculum, hostiam caedere. PROPITIATORY, adj. ad reconciliandam gratiam. PROPITIOUS (of persons), propitius ; aequus ; favens, amicus, ci; benevolus ci or in qm. — (of things), secundus ; faustus ; prosper ; commodus ; opportunus ; bonus. PROPITIOUSLY, || Favorably, benevole; amice. II Fortunately, prospere; fauste. PROPORTION, || Comparative relation, pro- portio (explained by Vitr. 3, 1, 1, est ratae partis mem- brorum in omni opere totiusque commodulatio).— commensus (the proper quantity determined by mea- surement : also with gen. proportionis ; see Vitr. 3, 1, 2). — symmetria (the whole whose parts are in p. ; Vitr. 1, 2, 4, ex ipsius operis membris conveniens consensus ex partibusque separatis ad universae figurae speciem ratae partis responsus; and 8, 1, 3, expressed by Crcl. ; ad universam totius magnitudinis ex partibus singulis convenientissimus commensuum responsus. Plin. says the Lat. language has no corresponding word, 34, 8, 19, no. 6, §65).— congruentia aequalitasque (correspondence and equality of parts, with ref. to the whole; see Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 11). The p. (symmetry) of aby's figure, limbs, convenientia partium ; apta membrorum compositio ; membrorum omnium competentia (Gell.) ; membrorum aequitas et commoditas (Suet. Oct. 79, of the body) : his other limbs were without exception in the exactest p. (i. e. to the breadth of his shoulders), ceteris quoque membris usque ad imos pedes fuit aequalis et congruens (Suet. Tib. 68, init.): in p., proportione ; aequaliter; con- gruenter: built in p., proportione constructus (of a body) : in perfect p., omnibus membris usque ad imos pedes aequalis et congruens (of a person ; Suet. Tib. 68, init.): to be (to be made, fyc.) in p., inter se cum quodam lepore consentire ; suos habere commensus proportionis ; proportionibus ad summam figurationem corporis re- spondere (of the members of the body; see C. Off. 1, 28, 98; Vit. 3, 1, 2 and 4): in p. to, ad (with ace. of thing). —pro.— pro rata parte. Sts by ut est, &c. In p. to the times, ut turn erant tempora. \\ Fixed part, rata pars. || Analogy, analogia.— proportio ( Varr. and C. ). — similitudo (likeness). PROPORTION, v. «justa ratione describere. — pro rata parte ratione distinguere (C. Rep. 6, 18): well PRO proportioned, proportione constructus (of bodies) : per- fectly well proportioned, omnibus membris usque ad iraos pedes sequalis et congruens {aft. Suet. Tib. 68, init. ; of a man): to be well proportioned, See 'to be made in Proportion.' To be beautifully propor Honed in all its details, ad universam totius magnitu • dinis summara ex partibus singulis convenientissimum habere commensuum responsum (of the details fyc. of a temple; Vitr. 3, 1, 3). PROPORTIONAL, s. *nuraerus, magnitudo, &c. proportionalis (Math. t. t). An instrument for ascer- taining mean p.'s, mesolabium (/j.eoo\&/5iov, Vitr. 9, prcef. 19). PROPORTIONAL, adj. pro rata parte ratione dis- tinctus (e. g.,p. intervals, interval'.a, C. Rep. 6, 18); or by other Orel, with proportione, pro rata parte (g. tt.). — pro cujusque opibus et facultatibus (in proportion to the wealth, 8[C. of each). ggp° proportionalis very late; Jul. Firm. PROPORTIONALLY. See Proportionately. . PROPORTIONATE, aequalis et congruens; aequa- bilis. See also Proportion and Proportional. PROPORTIONATELY, pro portione ; aequaliter ; congruenter. PROPOSAL, conditio : a p. of marriage, conditio, with and without uxoria : to make a p. of marriage to aby, conditionem ci deferre : to make a p., conditionem ci ferre : to make an advantageous p. to aby, luculentam conditionem ci facere: to accept a p., conditionem accipere ; ad conditionem accedere, or (after long con- sideration) descendere (opp. conditionem repudiare, respuere, aspernari). PROPOSE, proponere ci qd; conditionem cs rei proponere ; offerre ci qd (when one can give or do the thing wch he p.'s).— commendare, suadere qd (to advise) : to p. a law, legem proponere, rogare ; legem ferre (to bring before the senate or people) : to p. a question (for discussion), ponere, proponere, afferre quaestionem ; also simply, ponere, quaerere. \\Purpose, intend, vid. PROPOSITION, || Proposal, conditio (g. t.).— rogatio (to the people). — relatio (to the senate). To make a p. to the people, rogationem ferre ad populum ; also simply rogare: to make a p. to the senate, referre ad senatum : to reject a p., rogationem antiquare ; rela- tionem rejicere : to carry a p., rogationem perferre. -See also Proposal. \\(In logic), propositio (Q. ; major, minor). PROPOUND. See Propose. PROPRIETARY, proprius, peculiaris, with gen. or dat. A p. school, *schola quam quidam peculiarem habent. PROPRIETOR, possessor (a possessor). — dominus (master, lord). A lawful p., dominus Justus : to be the p. of athg, possidere qd ; of a house, sedes peculiares habere (Pompon. Dig. 15, 1, 22). PROPRIETY, || Peculiarity of possession, see 'Right of Property.' || Suitableness, fitness, convenientia (fitness). — congruentia (esply in outward conduct). — decorum (in all one's behaviour and demean- our). — honestas ( in a moral sense). — ven ustas or dign itas ac venustas (e. g. to act cum dignitate ac venustate). PROROGATION, prorogatio. dilatio. prolatio [Syn. in Defer] ; or Crcl. by the verbs. P. of Parliament, ♦comitia regni prolata. PROROGUE, protrudere. proferre. conferre. in aliud tempus differre (e. g. comitia protrudere in Januarium, C, ; with us, to p. Parliament).— omnia in mensem Martium sunt collata (C). To p. an assembly, consilio diem eximere. PROSAIC, || Prop.) solutus ; or by the gen., prosas orationis. || Fig.) Dry, uninteresting, siccus. PROSCRIBE, proscribere qm; in proscriptorum numerum referre qm (together with others).— cs vitam praemiis proponere et addicere (to outlaw). To cause any one to be proscribed, proscriptionem facere de capite cs: to move (in the senate) that any one be proscribed, de capite civis bonisque proscriptionem ferre. PROSCRIPTION, proscriptio; or by the verb. PROSE, prosa oratio (post-Aug.).— oratio soluta (opp. oratio astricta, devincta). IggfT C. usually says simply oratio (e. g. saepissime et in poematis et in oratione peccatur); but it is generally expedient-to use the more definite phrase, prosa oratio. H^pT Oratio pedestris is not = 'prose,' but = 'a low style ;' and moreover it is a Grecism ; see Q. 10, 1, 81, ed. Frotscher. PROSECUTE, || To continue, pursue steadily, facere qd pergo ; exsequi, esply persequi qd (to carry out to the end).— ci rei instare (to pursue earnestly and zealously; e. g. operi).— perseverare in re, or followed by an inf. (with perseverance ; e. g. perseverare in bello 128 PRO or perseverare bellare; perseverare in obsidione).— » continuare or non intermittere qd (to carry on without interruption). To p. a thing further, qd longius pro- sequi -.top. a journey, iter persequi ; iter conficere per- gere; iter continuare, non intermittere: to p. one's studies, studiis insistere ; studia sua urgere (vigo- rously): to p. a victory, a victoria nihil cessare (L.); recentibus prcelii vestigiis ingredi (Hirt.) ; to p. one's right, jus suum exsequi or persequi. || (A t la w), judicio persequi qm; judicio experiri cum qo. See Action. PROSECUTION, || Act of prosecuting; by the verbs. || Action at law, actio; lis. «See Action. PROSECUTOR, actor (g. t.).— accusator (in a public action).— petitor (in a civil or private action). PROSELYTE, s. proselytus (Eccl.) ; *qui a patriis sacris ad alia transit. PROSELYTE, v. *studere or conari alios a patriis sacris ad sua abducere. PROSELYTISM, *alios a patriis sacris ad sua abdu- cendi studium. The spirit of p., *studium propa- gandas suae doctrinae calidius. PROSODIAL, prosodiacus (Mart. Cap.). PROSODY, versuum lex et modificatio (Sen. Ep. 8, 3).— *prosodia (t. t.).— *doctrina, ars prosodica. PROSOPOPOEIA, ficta alienarum personarum ora tio (aft. Q. 6, 1, 25).— fictio personarum (Q. 9, 2, 29).— personarum confictio (Aquil. Rom. p. 145, ed. Ruhnk.); usually prosopopoeia (Gr. ; id.).— conformatio (Auct. ad Her. 4, 53, 68). PROSPECT, || Prop.) prospectus (to a distance in front). — despectus (looking down). — conspectus (a view). To have a p. of athg, prospicere, prospectare, despicere qm locum : to afford a p. to anyplace, prsebere prospectum ad qm locum: there is a p. to the Capitol, conspectus est in Capitolium : there is a clear p., even to a great distance, liber prospectus oculorum etiam quae procul recessere, permittitur (Curt. 5, 9, 10) : this room commands a p. of the sea, hoc cubiculum prospicit mare, or praebet prospectum ad mare: the fish-pond of wch there is a p. fm the windows, piscina quae fenestris ser- vit ac subjacet: to have a distant p., longe or multum prospicere: to hinder the p., prospectum impedire or prohibere : to lake away the p., prospectum adimere ; prospectum oculorum auferre (e. g. as a cloud of dust) : to take away one's p. of athg, conspectum cs rei inter- sepire ci : to deprive of a p., prospectum oculis eripere (V. JEn. 8, 254; for wch L. 10, 32, in more prosaic style, says, usum lucis eripere, of a cloud): to intercept or to take away the p., ccelo or luminibus or auspiciis officere(*Ae latter fm persons about to take the auspices: g§|r officere ci in this sense it not Classical; it is not supported by C. Tusc. 5, 32, 92, and de N. D. 2, 19, 50). || Fig.) That to wch the mind is directed, spes (of athg pleasing).— exspectatio (of athg, whether pleas- ing or not) : p. of punishment, exspectatio pcenarum : some p., specula: distant p.'s, sera spes: charming p.'s, spes uberior : to have good p.'s, bene sperare : to de- prive one of all p. of athg, omnem spem cs rei ci eri- pere: merit now has some p.'s, locus virtutibus pate- factus est: in peace I have no p.'s, mihi compositis rebus nulla spes (T. Hist. 1, 21, 1): to have a very dis- tant p. of the consulship, longe a spe consulates abesse : the p.'s of the country are gloomy [See Gloomy], tenebrae caecaeque nubes et procellae reipublicae im- pendent (aft. Auct. pro Dom. 10, 24) : still more gloomy p.'s, spes multo asperior. PROSPECTIVE. See Future. PROSPER, || Intrans.) uti prospera fortuna (to be prosperous). — bene or prospere succedere; successum, prosperos successus habere (to succeed well). || Trans.) fortunareqm or qd(to give good fortune to). — prosperare qd (to cause to succeed : liygsF secundare is poetic). — prosperare ci qd (to cause one to succeed in athg). — augere qm qa re (to furnish copiously or abundantly with athg). PROSPERITY, prosperitas ; res secundse, pi. PROSPEROUS, || Thriving, prosper or prosperus ; fortunatus. See Fortunate. || Favorable, secun- dus. faustus. prosper. PROSTITUTE, s. meretrix ; scortum ; meritorium scortum (one who prostitutes herself for pay; scort. a lower, more dissolute meretrix ; but both these are above prostibula and lupae). — prostibulum. mulier omnibus proposita. scortum vulgare. meretrix vulgatissima (common p.). — mulier quae domum omnium libidinibus patefecit ; also quaestuaria (sc. mulier, Sen., who lives by the wages of p.). The son of a common p., ex vulgato corpore genitus: to turn a common p., plane se in vita meretricia collocate : to be or lead the life of a (common) PRO p., corpus vulgo publicare (Plaut.). — vita institutoque esse meretricio. meretricio more vivere. se omnibus pervulgare. pudicitiam in propatulo habere (5.). PROSTITUTE, v. || Propr.) publicare (e. g. corpus, pudicitiam). || Fig.) dehonestare ; dedecorare; also by habere se venalem, or habere venalia; e.g. omnia habet venalia, fidem, jusjurandum, veritatem, officium (C. Verr. 3, 62, 144). PROSTITUTION, vita meretricia. PEOSTRATE, adj. prostratus. P. at abij's feet, ad pedes cs prostratus. projectus (C), provolutus (L.); genibus cs advolutus (Curt.). To be p. at aby's feet, ad pedes cs jacere, stratum esse, stratum jacere. PROSTRATE, v. |j Intrans.) ad pedes cs se ab- jicere, projicere, prosternere, provolvere ; ad pedes ci or ad genua cs procumbere ; ad pedes cs procidere ; ad pedes cs or genua ci accidere; genibus cs advolvi; prosternere se et supplicare ci (as supplicant). Trans.) See Throw Down. PROSTRATION, \\ Act of prostrating, Crcl. with verbs in To Prostrate. || Depression, vid. PROTECT. See Defend, Guard. PROTECTION, || Defence, tut el a ; praesidium ; defensio. To ask for p., praesidium ab qo petere. || Patronage, fides; patrocinium. || Refuge, arx ; portus; perfugium. PROTECTIVE, by the verbs, qui protegit, &c. PROTECTOR, defensor, propugnator. tutor, qui (quae) defendit et protegit. PROTEST, s. interpellatio (propr., an interrupting of a person speaking). — intercessio (esply before a higher power ; e. g. by the tribunes). To enter a p., in- tercedere; intercessionem facere; interpellere or inter- pellatione impedire qd; intercedere ci rei. \\ Of a bill of exchange, *syngraphae rejectio. PROTEST, v. || To make a protest, intercedere; intercessionem facere (to enter a protest) ; against athg, ci rei intercedere ; vetare, with an ace. and infin. ; qd deprecari, or recusare (to refuse vehemently). || To affirm strongly, declare solemnly, asseverare (v. pr.). — testari (as witness, to testify). — affirmare, conrirmare (to declare strongly). — adjurare (upon oath) : to p. on oath, polliceri et jurejurando conrirmare (Cces). To p. by the gods, testari, obtestari deos ; per omnes deos adjurare : to p. most strongly, firmissime asseverare; omni asseveratione affirmare. || Of a bill of exchange, *syngrapham non expensam ferre; •synprapham non recipere. PROTESTANT, *a lege pontificis Romani plane abhorrens. PROTESTANTISM, *protestantismus (*. t.). PROTESTATION, pollicitatio (a promise). Usually by the verbs in Protest : to make p.'s, profited atque polliceri. PROTOCOL, tabulae; commentarii (C). ggp°pro- tocollum is a word of the middle ages. PROTONOTARY, *scriba primus, jggif not prima- rius. PROTOTYPE, *exemplum primum (original, in- stead of wch C, Alt. 16, 3, makes use of the Greek apxejvirov, well we find afterwards as a Latin word in Plin. Ep. 5, 10, 1). — exemplum (model, or any object to guide us, in general). — species (ideal, used by C. for the Platonic 164a; see Schutz. Lex. C. in v.). PROTRACT, trahere (g. t. to allow to last longer than necessary).— extrahere (to draw out, to defer). — ducere. producere (to put off continually, to prevent the decision of athg) : to be protracted, trahi. extrahi. pro- trahi. duci. produci, until, usque ad (e. g. of war, 8[C. ; see above the difference between trahere and ducere ; see also the Syn. in To Prolong, To Defer): to p. the matter as long as possible, tempus quam longissime ducere. PROTRACTION, productio. prorogatio. [Syn. in To Protract. See also Delay.] PROTRUDE, prominere. eminere. projici. exstare [Syn. in Project]. PROTUBERANCE, *ecphyma, sarcoma, Stis, n. (empvpa, crcipnoifjia, to, any excrescence of the animal bod//).— gibber (hump; but gibba, in Suet. Dom. 23, arid gibbus, in Juv. 6, 109 ; 10, 294 and 303, are not usual). — tumor (tumour, swelling). — tuber (ulcer). — panus (a swelling of the glands of the neck, under the armpit, $c). See also Tumour. PROTUBERANT, Crcl. with verbs in To Project, Sweil. See also Prominent. PROUD, || Haughty, superbus; fastosus; arro- gans [Syn. in Arrogant].— contumax (stiff-necked; unwilling to bend to the will of a superior).— tumens inani superbia. — fastidiosus (contemptuous). — magni- 129 PRO ficus. splendidus (of things : in this sense superb, is only poet): to be p., sublati esse animi. magnos gerere spiritus. inani superbia tumere ; of athg, superbire q& re. — qa re inrlatum esse, tumere, elatum esse (to be puffed up by athg) : to grow or become p., magnos spi- ritus or magnam arrogantiam sibi sumere : to be intole- rably p., haud tolerandam sibi sumere arrogantiam : to make aby p., qm superbum facere : ci spiriius aflerre (both of things) : to make aby intolerably p., inflare cs aninium ad intolerabilem superbiam (L. 45, 3J). || (In surgery), p. flesh, caro fungosa (Plin.); caro super- crescens (Cels. 5, 22). PROUDLY, superbe; insolenter; arroganter; mag- nifice. To behave p., ehvius se gerere ; insolentius se efferre ; magnifice se jactare: to behave p. in prosperity, pragbere se superbum in fortuna : to act p., superbire. fastidire. PROVE, || Trans.) 1) To show, manifest, evince, significare; ostendere (to show). — declarare (to declare, publish ; both stronger than the first, Cf. C. Verr. 2, 60, 148; ad Div. 5, 13, 4). — probare, compro- bare (so as to convince others of the truth or excellence of a thing). — praestare (to fulfil an obligation) : to p. one's obliging disposition to aby, probare ci officium suum : to p. athg by act and deed, qd praestare re ; qd comprobare re : to p. oneself, i. e. to show, fyc ., se prae- stare, se praebere, as aby, qm ; exhibere qm ( ggp° not se exhibere qm) ; e. g. to p. oneself the friend of tne people, exhibere virum civilem. 2) To showbyarguments, docere, esply with argumentis. — demonstrare (to give full proof). — firmare, conrirmare, esply with argu- mentis (to confirm by arguments). — probare ci qd (to p. the possibility of a thing ; see Herz. Cces. B. G'. 1, 3). — efficere (to make out by strict logical proof). — vincere, evincere (to p. irrefutably ; see Cort. C. Ep. 11, 28, 4): to p. to aby by examples, cum qo auctoritatibus agere (Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4) : this will p. that fyc, ejus rei testimonium est, &c. : that is difficult top., hoc difficile est probatu : that p.'s nothing at all, nullum verum id argumentum est: the event proved it, exitus appro- bavit. 3) To try, put to the proof. See Try. —II Intrans.) fieri; esse; se ostendere; ostendi. PROVENDER, pabulum. PROVERB, pro\ erbium (v. pr.). — verbum. ggp adagio, adagium never occur in Class, prose. To pass into a p., in proverbium or in proverbii consuetudinem venire ; in proverbium cedere ; proverbiis eludi (to be the subject of a jesting p.; Scytharum solitudines Graecis proverbiis eluduntur, Curt.). To be a common p., proverbio increbuit with ace. and inf. (e. g. rem ad triarios rediisse — proverbio increbuit, L.). — proverbii locum obtinere; qd in communibus proverbiis versatur. This has passed into a p. amongst the Greeks, hoc Graecis hominibus in proverbio est : as the p. says (or, has it), ut in proverbio est ; quod proverbii loco dici solet ; also, quod ajunt ; ut ajunt ; ut dicitur (as people say) : there is an old p., wch fyc, est vetus proverbium; est vetus verbum ; vetus verbum hoc quidem est : according to the old p., veteri proverbio. PROVERBIAL, proverbii loco celebratus (e. g. versus). — quod proverbii locum obtinet. — quod in pro- verbium or proverbii consuetudinem venit. Athg is p., qd proverbii loco dici solet: see also 'to be a common Proverb.' i$g|r Proverbialis (only p. versus in G ell.) late : to be p., in ore vulgi atque in communibus proverbiis versari. PROVERBIALLY, proverbii loco.— ut est in pro- verbio. — ut proverbii loco dici solet. gfp° Proverbialiter very late. PROVIDE, parare, comparare (for money or other- wise). — praeparare, providere (to take care that a thing be ready) : to p. the necessaries of life, res ad vitam degendam necessarias praeparare : to p. provisions for the winter, in hiemem providere frumentum : to p. a very great store of corn, frumenti vim maximam com- parare : that is easily provided, parabilis. PROVIDED, *'. e. furnished, supplied, instructus, ornatus, exornatus, armatus, praeditus, qa re : well p., omnibus rebus instructus, or simply instructus : to be well or richly p. with athg, qa re instructissimum or apparatissimum esse; qa re abundare; qd mihi largis- sime suppetit (i" am well p. with). PROVIDED THAT, dum, modo, dummodo, with subj. : p. that not, dum ne ; dummodo ne ; modo ne, with subj. ; also, by ea lege, ea conditione ut or ne. PROVIDENCE, providentia (foresight) . — cautio, diligentia, cura (care, circumspection): Divine Pro- vidence, providentia divina ; mens divina; or simply Providentia (C). PROVIDENT, cautus. providus. circumspectus. 2T PRO consideratus.— Jn. cautus providusque ; cantus ac diligens. To be p. in athg, curam adhibere de or in qa re ; curiosum or diligentem esse in qa re ; diligentiam adhibere ad qd or in qa re ; curam conferre ad qd. PROVIDENTIAL, quod divinitus accidit. *quod divinum nuraen instituit. PROVIDENTIALLY, divinitus (fm God).— ducente Deo (under divine guidance). — Deo juvante, Deo bene juvante {with divine assistance, by God's help). — Deo annuente (by divine favour). PROVIDENTLY, diligenter; provide; caute: to act p., circumspectius facere qd. cautionem adhibere in qa re. omne cautionis genus adhibere in qa re. diligeu- tiam habere ad qd or in qa re. PROVINCE, || Region, tract, regio (g. t. a tract of country). — provincia (a tract of country subdued, and annex ed to, or incorporated with the conquering state ; f^^T never to be used in any other sense) : to divide a country into four p.'s, terram in quatuor regiones describere or dividere : to reduce a country to the form of a p., terram in provincial formam reducere ; terram provinciam conficere (L. 27, 5). \\Office, munus ; omcium ; partes ; also by the pronoun meus &c. ; e. g. non est meum, it is not my p. PROVINCIAL, *regionis interioris. — provincialis. A p., *incola regionis interioris (a dweller in the in- terior of a country). — provinciae incola ; provincialis (inhabitant of a provincia, properly so called). PROVINCIALISM, *verbum regionibus quibusdam magis familiare. To be a p., *regionibus quibusdam magis familiarem esse. PROVISION, copia; apparatus: to make p. = to Provide : it is a p. of nature that, est autem a uatura comparatum, ut &c. PROVISIONS, cibus; cibaria, orum, n. ; alimenta, orum, w. (g. t.) — victus (food, Jiecessaries for support. — B8P° victualia is barbarous). — penus, copiae (a store of p.'s). — frumentum, res frumentaria (corn ; forage for the army). — commeatus (p.'s supplied, supply). — Jn. frumentum et commeatus (when commeatus is = all other supplies except corn). — annona (a store consisting of the yearly produce of the earth) : p.'s for a year, alimenta annua; copia annua: for ten days, alimenta decern dierum : p.'s begin to fail, alimenta dericiunt ; cibus deficit : to furnish oneself with p.'s, res ad victum necessarias parare (g. t.); rem frumentariam provi- dere, comparare ; frumentum parare, comparare, con- ferre ; commeatum praeparare (for an army) : for the winter, alimenta in hiemem providere, commeatum in hiemem parare (for an army) : to cut off p.'s fm aby, qm commeatu (or commeatibus) intercludere ; qm re frumentaria excludere. PROVISIONAL, quod ad tempus constitutum, edictum, est : p. command, imperium fiduciarium (Curt.; thus also, legatus qui fiduciariam operam obtinet, Cces. B. C. 2, 17): / have a p charge, *ad tempus delatum, demandatum, est mihi munus. PROVISIONALLY, ad tempus (L., e. g. ad temp, deligere, qui jus dicat).— temporis gratia (for the pre- sent time or crisis; e. g. qm regem statuere, Curt. 5, 9, 8). PROVOCATION, By the verbs.— (provocatio in Class. Latin = appeal.) PROVOKE, movere. commovere (g. t.).— concitare (stronger term).— stimulare (lit. to spur, to stimulate). — stomachum ci facere or movere. indignationem ci movere (to make angry). — bilem ci movere or commo- vere, or irritare qm or cs iram (stronger terms). — pungere (to sting, to mortify aby, of things, to cause vexation).— offendere (to give offence, of persons and things).— qm provocare (to challenge aby, e. g. to fight); also qm ad certamen irritare.— concitare ad or in qd (to p. aby to athg, e. g. ad arma ; to violence, ad vim afferendam ; aby's anger, in iram).— irritare ad qd (to excite to athg, e. g. ad certamen ; to anger, ad iram).— stimulare ad qd (to urge men's minds, animos, e. g. to commotion, ad perturbandam rempublicam).— acuere ad qd (lit. to sharpen, hence to excite, e. g. qm ad crudelitatem).— provocare ad qd (to challenge, e. g. ad pugnam).— adhortari ad qd or with ut (e. g. ad bellum faciendum, to go to war).— tentare ad qd (to be always at aby, to tempt him to do athg, e. g. animos ad res novas, to insurrection).— qm illicere ad or in qd (to entice aby, e. g. to go to war, ad bellum : to commit adultery, in stuprum) : athg p.'s me, qd mihi stomacho est ; qd aegre fero (qd mihi or meo animo aegre est, Comic); qd mihi molestum est; qd me pungit ; qd male me habet : that has provoked me more than even Quintus himself, haec mihi majori stomacho, quam ipsi Quinto fuerunt: to be provoked, indignari; stomadiari- 130 PRU commoveri dolore; irascl [Syn. above']: to be much provoked, dolore or ira exardescere ; dolore or ira in- censum esse : he is provoked that fyc, or it p.'s him that, asgre ille fert, quod &c. : to p. the people stilt more, per se accensos animos incitare : to become provoked, (ira) exacerbatum or iratum esse : to be much pro- voked, iracundia ardere : to be rather provoked, sub- irasci ci: to be dreadfully provoked, saevire. || To provoke hunger, thirst, famem, sitim facere or gignere or afFerre. See also To Exciie. PROVOKING, plenus stomachi (deserving or causing indig?iation). — gravis, molestus (troublesome, annoy- ing). — quod qm pungit (that stings aby): a p. matter, molestia. incommodum: to be p. to aby; see To Pro- voke. PROVOKINGLY, moleste. aegre. PROVOST, magister (g. t.). — praeses (a president). — princeps, caput (chief, head).— antistes. praepositus : the p.'s house, sedes, domicilium praepositi, antistitis. PROVOSTSHIP, *praesidis, praepositi, antistitis munus (office). — dignitas (rank). PROW, prora (npS>pa).—or, pure Latin, pars prior navis. PROWESS, fortitudo, fortis animus, virtus (virt. shows itself in energetic action, and acts on the offensive- fort, in energetic resistance and unshrinking endurance, like constantia). — acrimonia (fiery courage). To be distinguished by personal p., manu fortem or promptum esse. PROWL, \\ To rove about, vagari qo loco, praeter or circa qm locum (g. t.). — ire per qm locum (e. g. per urbem).— discurrere qo loco (to run about all over a place, e. g. tota urbe).— peragrare (to wander about, e. g. venando peragrare circa saltus, to go hunting about in the woods). \\ To rove about for plunder, vagari latrociniaque facere (Hirt. B. G. 8, 32, 1). — populabundum in qo loco vagari (L. 3, 5, 13; both of persons). — pervagari(qm locum; e. g. praedonum naviculse, C, and therefore a good word for praedones themselves). — oberrare (poet, and pvsl-Aug. prose; to wander about . mustela in domibus nostris, Plin.). PROXIMATE, \\Near, vid. \\Proximate causes, causae adjuvantes et proximo (C. Fat. 18; opp. causae perfectae et principales or primae causae or ipsae causae, C). — adjuvantia (pi. partcp.) causarum (i. e. the cir- cumstances and conditions that enable the true causes to produce their effects; C). PROXIMATELY, prps *proxime; or Crcl. with proximus : athg was p. the cause of, *qd proxima fuit causa cs rei or cur &c. PROXIMITY. See Nearness. PROXY, || Procuracy, procuration /.) — cogni- tura (in a matter of law, and esply in state affairs ; post- Aug.).— advocatio. patrocinium [Syn. in Advo- cate] : to vote by p., *per procurationem alterius sen- tentiam ferre. ||Owe who acts for another, pro- curator^, t.).— cuirerum agendarum licemia data or permissa est (Cf. C. Vetr. 3, 94, 220; S. Jug. 103, 2).— qui mandata habet ab qo (who has full power of trans- acting aby's affairs).— *publica auctoritate missus; or legatus simply, if on slate business. (|^° manda- tarius is a doubtful reading in Ulp. Dig. 17, I, 10 ; Cf. Jieinecc. ad Brisson. de verbb. signif. p. 782.) — vicarius (who officiates for another person): to act by p.. aliena fungi vice, procurare (to officiate in aby's place as well in private as public business, to act in aby's absence). — cs vice or officio fungi (to act in aby's stead). — cs negotia or rationes procurare, or simply ci procurare (to take care of aby's affairs, to mind his interest). PRUDE, saeva (v. pr.) ; fastidiosa. PRUDENCE, prudentia. — providentia (foresight, guarding agst a foreseen danger, L. 30, 5, 5). — circum- spectio (C). — circumspectum judicium (well-weighed judgement; for wch Gell. has circumspicientia). — Jn. circumspectio et accurata consideratio (C). — cautio. diligentia. — gravitas (habit of acting carefully after deliberation). The thing demands much p., res multas cautiones habet ; res est multae diligentiae : to act with much p. in any matter, cautionem or diligentiam adhibere in qa re ; omne cautionis genus adhibere in re : with p.. See Prudently. PRUDENT, cucumsTiectus (post-Class.; in Q., Cels., Suet. 8;c., of persons and things ; e. g. circ. judicium). — consideratus (both pass, 'well-weighed,' of things [e. g. cons, judicia, C], and act. 'one who weighs things well,' [e. g. homo, C.]). — providus. prudens ; cauius ; Jn. prudens et cautus ; prudens et providus; cautus et providus. — diligens (careful; also of things). — gravis (one who acts fm sound principles after due deliberation). PRU PRUDENTIAL, Crcl. with subst. under Prudence. PRUDENTLY, omnia circumspiciens (pericula, C). • — considerate, cogitate (720/ cogitato. Sturenbury ad C. Arch. 8, 18); caute. circumspecte (GeiL). — diligenter. attente.— circumspecto judicio. PRUDERY, animus saevus; saevitia. PRUNE, s. prunum. PRUNE, v. || Prop.) (arbores) putare, interputare (Col.); interpurgare (Plin.); collucare, interlucare ; amputare; compescere (vitem, Col ; ramos, V.) : to p. a vine, vineam pampinare; supervacuos pampinos detra- here (Co/.); vitem purgare a foliis (Cato); vitem am- putare, deputare, rescindere (Col.). || Fig.) amputare; resecare ; circumscribere ; coercere. PRUNER, arboreus putator (Varr.) ; frondator (V.). PRUNING, || Prop.) amputatio ; putatio (C); recisio, interlucatio (Plin.). || Fig.) by the verbs. PRUNING HOOK, falx arborea or arboraria; falx putatoria (late). PRURIENCE, prurigo, inis; pruritus, us. PRURIENT, pruriens: to be p., prurire. PRY INTO, speculari ; explorare ; indagare ; rem or in rem inspicere. PSALM, *psalmus (Eccl.); hymnus; canticum or carmen sacrum. PSALMIST, *psalmista, psalmographus (Eccl.); •psalmorum scriptor, auctor. PSALMODY, *psalmorum cantus. PSALTER, psalterium (Eccl.). PSALTERY, *psalterium. PSEUDO, pseud-(o); e. y. pseudo-Cato (a would-be Cato; C.) pseudo-Damasippus (C.) ; pseudanchiisa (Plin.); or falsus; fictus ; simulatus. PSHAW! apage ! phui! turpe dictu (expressiny de- testation). PSYCHOLOGICAL, «psychologies. PSYCHOLOGIST, *humani animi investigator. PSYCHOLOGY, *psychologia (t. U). PTARMIGAN, «tetrao Lagopus (Linn.). PTISAN, ptisana (Plin.); ptisanarium (H.). PUBERTY, pubertas: of the aye of p., pubes; pubens : to arrive at p., pubescere. PUBLIC, publicus (opp. privatus, domesticus). — apertus, communis (for the use of every one). — celeber (frequented by all).— vulgaris (belonyiny or accessible to all) : to come before the p., in publicum, in solem or in solem et pulverern prodire (of a statesman). — in medium procedere, surgere or aggredi ad dicendum (of an orator). — prodire in scenam, produci (of an actor). — se efferre, exsistere (y. t. to raise oneself to eminence) : p. life, vita forensis (opp. umbratilis); also by Crcl. with rempublicam gerere: to enter upon p. life, ad rempublicam accedere ; rempublicam capessere : his first entrance into p. life was, primus gradus fuit capessendae reipublicae (Np. Them. 2) : the p., populus; vulgus (&gf~not publicum). In a p. character or capacity, publice (opp. privatim, C). PUBLIC HOUSE, pbpina (a cookiny and eatiny shop, in the neighbourhood of a bath).— cauponaf prop, a wine- house; tavern on the road). — taberna (a drinkiny-booth, where a person miyht likewise find meals and lodging) ; also taberna diversoria or deversoria, and diversorium or deversorium (see Diet, of Antiqq. 208). See Inn. PUBLICAN, || Farmer of the revenue, publi- canus. \\A n innkeeper, caupo. PUBLICATION, promulgate ; or by Crcl. with verbs under Publish. ggfT publicatio means 'con- fiscation.' PUBLICITY, aperta, manifesta, ratio cs rei : to obtain p., in vulgus emanare, or simply emanare (C.) : to avoid p., lucem, oculos, aspectum aliorum fugere ; odisse celebritatem ; fugere homines: to court p., ver- sari in celebritate (Np.) ; vivere in maxima celebritate (C). PUBLICLY, || Openly, manifeste ; aperte ; palam ; propalam. \\ Before all, in publico (ffigT not pub- lice, wch means ' by the authority, or at the expense of the state'); palam (C); palam populo (L.); ante oculos populi; omnibus inspectantibus (C); luce ac palam (C). PUBLISH, || To make known, aperire (to dis- close). — patefacere (to discover). — in medium proferre, also proferre only (to make athy yenerally known, in a good sense). — Jn. proferre et patefacere. — enunciare. evulgare, divulgare (to bring to the knowledye of the mul- titude what ought not to be told at all, or, at least, only to confidential persons).— cum hominibus communi- care (to reveal to men, fm God, Eccl. revelare). || To put forth a book, (in lucem) edere ; emittere ; foras dare : to p. a work on any subject, librum emittere PUL de qa re (of the author). — *libri exemplaria dividere, divendere (of the act of publishing), or *librum im- pensis, sumptibus, suis eclere; *librum t ypis exscriben- dum cutare: *Iibri ea^ndi sumptus facere (with reyard to the risk, of the publisher). PUBLISHER, || One who proclaims, praedi- cator (one who proclaims aby's piaise aloud and pub- licly).— praeco (a herald). — buccinator (the trumpeter, as a contemptuous expression; e. g. cs existimationis). || Owe who publishes a book, *redemptor libri (Em.) ; *qui sumpiibus, impensis, suis librum typis exseribendum curat. PUCK, larva, ae, /. PUCKER, rugas or in rugas cogere. PUDDING, globulus (farinae; Varr., Cat.).— * globus ex farina Britanncrum more factus. The proof of the p. is in the eating, exitus acta probat. PUDDLE, aqua feculenta (fcetutinae, Appul.). PUERILE, puerilis. — ineptus (stronyer term) : p. conduct, puerilitas ; mores pueriles : to take a p. delight in fyc, pueriliter exsultare: it is p., puerile est: in a p. manner, pueriliter. P. play, lusus infantium or puero- rum: p. fooleries, ineptiae, nugae. PUERILITY, puerilitas. mores pueriles. A pue- rility, *puerile factum or puerile actum (Cf. Theb. 5, 503, where we find acta puerilia) : to commit p.'s (all manner of p.'s), pueriliter multa et petulanter agere ; pueriliter se agere or facere (the latter in C. Acad. 2, 11, 33); pueriliter ineptire. PUFF, Puff up, || Trans.) inflare (prop, and fig) : to p. up aby with pride, inflare cs animum ad intolerabilem superbiam (of fortune, L. 43, 31). || In- trans.) se sufflare or inflare; intumescere (with and without superbia). Puff off (goods), venditare; jactare. PUFFIN (a sea-bird), mergus. PUFFING, venditatio (C); jactatio circulatoria (Q. 2, 4, 15). PUFFY, turgidus; tumidus; inflatus. PUG, || A dog, *canis fricator (Linn.). \\An ape, simia. PUG-NOSE, nares resimae (Col.): a man with a p.-n., homo sima nare (Mart.) ; simus (Plin., Mart.). PUGILIST, qui pugnis certat ; pugil. PUGILISTIC (contest), pugilatus (Plin.); pugi- latio (C). PUGNACIOUS, alacer ad pugnandum ; fm the context also alacer only ; cupidus pugnandi or pugnae, cupidus bellandi (rarely). — certaminis avidus (fond of, or eayer for, battle). PUGNACITY, alacritas pugnandi; studium pug- nandi or pugnae, or ad pugnandum alacritas studium- que pugnandi ; pugnandi cupiclitas ; alacritas ad liti- gandum (readiness to quarrel). PUISNE, natu minor (younger).— minor (g. t.). A p. judge, prps judex minor (aft. L. 22, 57,3; Cf. Gell. 13, 15, 1 sqq.). PUKE. See Vomit. PULE. See Cry, Whine. PULL, v. trahere ; attrahere (to p. towards oneself). To p. back, retrahere: to p. down, (aedificium) de- struere (opp. construere), demoliri (with violence). — evertere (e. g. a statue). — disjicere (e. g. walls, for- tifications, statues). — discutere (to shatter to pieces; a column, part of a wall, fyc). '| To pull cff, detrahere ci qd, de qa re ; abscindere. gglT not abs- cidere); avellere (to pluck off, p. off). — abrum- pere (to break off): to p. off fruit fm trees, poma ex arboribus avellere (C. Cat. Maj. 19, 71, Orelli): to p. off bars fm doors, claustra portarum avellere: to p. off clothes, exuere (opp. induere; to be distin- guished fm deponere, to put off, opp. amicire): to p. off any one's clothes, exuere qm veste; exuere or detrahere ci vestem ; one's own clothes, se exuere vestibus ; vestes sibi detrahere : to p. off any one's shoes, qm excalceare; one's own shoes, excalceari, ex- calceare pedes : to make another p. off one's shoes, pedes excalceandos praebere ci. || To pull out, pull up, vellere, evellere; revellere (to tear away). — intervellere (to p. out here and there, to p. out in part).— eruere (propr. to diy out; eyes and teeth). — extrahere (to draw out). To p. up by the roots, radicitus vellere, evellere, extrahere ; exstirpare : to p. out a tooth, dentem evel- lere (ci) ; dentem eximere (ci) : to p. out one's eyes, oculos ci eripere or eruere. PULL, s. tractus, us ; or rather by the verbs. PULLET, pullus gallinaceus. PULLEY, trochlea: the first p. (in a system of p.'s), trochlea superior (called by some rechamus, Vitr. 10, 2, 1) : the third p , trochlea tertia. artemon (apTe^ojc, 2T2 PUL accord, to Vitr. 10, 2, 9, the right expression) : a system of p.'s, to be translated by so many orbiculi ; a system of three p.'s, tres orbiculi ; orbiculus (round wch the rope runs). PULMONARY, ad pulmones pertinens ; pulmo- narius; or by the gen. pulmonum. A p. disease, peri- pneumonia (late; Cels. has the word in Greek; but Pliny has the adjective peripneumonicus). — *phthisis pulmonalis (t. t.): that has a p. disease, peripneumoni- cus (of persons; Plin. 20, 17, 68, &c.).— pulmonarius (diseased in the lungs ; of animals). PULP, caro (Plin.); pulpa (Scrib. Larg.). PULPIT, *suggestus sacer; *suggestum sacrum; in connexion also suggestus only. P. eloquence, *ars de sacro suggestu bene dicendi. PULPY, mollis; carnosus. PULSE, || Motion of an artery or vein, arte- riarum or venarum pulsus (the beating of the p. in the arteries or veins). — arteriae or venae (arteries or veins themselves). Our p.'s beat incessantly, venae micare non desinunt : the p. is weak, arteriarum (venarum) exigui imbecillique pulsus sunt; beats irregularly or flutters, venae non aequis intervallis moventur; is quick, pulsus arteriae est citatus : it is a natural p., venae naturaliter sunt ordinatae(Ce/*.): to trust the p., wchis very deceitful, venis maxime credere, fallacissimae rei : to make the p. beat quicker, venas concitare or resolvere or movere or turbare (all Cels. 3, 6) : a slower, quicker p., venae leniores, celeriores (venae leniores celerioresve sunt et {etate et sexu et corporum natura ; Cels.) : to feel aby's p., a)propr., pulsum venarum attingere (2\); qm or cs manum tangere (Plin.); cs venas tentare (Suet.); ap- prehendere manu brachium (Cels.). ft) impropr. = to s o u n d a man, qm tentare. \\A leguminous plant, legumen. PULVERIZE, in pulverem qd redigere (Cels.) or conterere (Plin.). PUMICE-STONE, pumex. To smooth with p.-s., pumice qd levigare (Plin.) : of p.-s., pumiceus (Stat.) : full of p -s., pumicosus (Plin.) : like p.-s., pumiceus or pumicosus. PUMP, s. || A machine for drawing water, antlia (Vitr.). A ship's p., sentinaculum (Paul. Nol.). || A single-soled shoe, calceolus (C.) ; socculus (Sen.). PUMP, v. antlia exhaurire. To p. out bilge-water, exhaurire sentinam (sentinare, Paul. Nol.) : fig., to p. athgoutofaby, qdexqoexquirere, percunctari, percunc- tando atque interrogando elicere ; qd ex qo sciscitari or sciscitando elicere; qd a or ex qo expiscari: to p. aby, (i. e. to try to learn his opinion), animum cs explorare ; voluntatem cs perscrutari ; degustare qm (facete) ; per- tentare cs animum; sciscitari quid cogitet. PUN, logi (pi.).— logi ridiculi. Bad p.'s, *logifrigidi (aft. in jocis frigidum, Q.). To make p.'s, see Punning. PUNCH, s. || An instrument for piercing, *ferrum in context with pertundere, &c. \\A kind of drink, *calda citrea saccharo et vino Indico condita. P.-bowl, *catinus capacior caldae citrae : p.-ladle, *trulla caldae citreae hauriendae. \\ A kind of buf- fo o n, mimus. PUNCH, v. pungere; pertundere; perforare; fodere, figere (to pierce, transfix). PUNCTILIO : to stand upon p.'s, *minutius et scru- pulosius (Q.) agere or res tractare : don't let us stand on p.'s with these matters, cum his non magnopere pugne- mus ; in his rebus non desideratur ejusmodi scrupulo- sitas (Col.). PUNCTILIOUS, scrupulosus ( post- Aug. ) ; argutus; captiosus; subtilis. PUNCTILIOUSNESS, scrupulositas (Col., in the sense of anxious exactness). — tenuis et scrupulosa dili- gentia (Q ). PUNCTUAL, diligens ; in rebus suis admihistrandis diligentissimus (aft. C). *qui omnia ad tempus dili- gentissime agit or administrat (in the p. performance of duties, business, fyc). To be p. (as to time), ad tempus advenire. PUNCTUALITY, diligentia (carefulness); or by Crcl. with the adj. PUNCTUALLY, diligenter ; (as to time), ad tempus. PUNCTUATE, punctis notare, distinguere; inter- pungere. PUNCTURE, punctio (the act).— punctum (a point). |g§p° Punctura, Jul. Firm.; punctus, Appul. ; =a point, Plin. PUNGENCY, acerbitas ; aculeus ; morsus. See the adj. PUNGENT, acerbus (bitter).— malignus (malicious). — aculeatus, mordax (pointed, biting). — criminosus (reproachful ; of a speech, $c.).— acutus (sharp).— salsus PUN (propr., seasoned with salt; then also impropr., having a witty piquancy ; of men, speeches, 8[C.). To be p., mordere ; aculeum habere (of speeches, writings). — acerbum esse in vituperando (in blaming), in convicii» (in scolding ; both of persons). PUNISH, punire (g. /.). — pcena afficere (to inflict punishment). — pcenam ci irrogare (to settle or fix a punishment). — pcenas ab qo or in qo ($§§?'' not in qm) petere, expetere, or de qo capere (to bring to punish- ment). — pcenas ab qo repetere (to seek satisfaction fm). — in qm animadvertere or vindicare (to resent or p. a crime; animadvertere also by blows, verberibus). — ex- emplum in qm edere or facere (to make an example of ; see Ruhnk. Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 24). — multare (to p. with sensible or painful loss, esply with the loss of money or life, when pecunia and morte are added) — castigare (to chastise, with a view to improvement ; verbis or verberi- bus). — mulcare (with corporal severity). — plectere (usually in the passive, plecti ; and esply of punishment by a magistrate). To p. athg, qd vindicare (to resent), castigare (to punish) ; qd ulcisci, persequi ; Jn. ulcisci et persequi, qd exsequi (to resent or avenge by punish- ment ; $*§° exsequi not before the time of Aug.) : to p. a person severely, gravissimum supplicium de qo sumere ; very severely, quam acerbissimum suppli- cium sumere de qo ; most cruelly, in qm omnia ex- empla cruciatusque edere: to punish a thing most severely, acerrime vindicare qd : to p. one with exile or imprisonment, exsilio or vinculis multare : to p. one with death, morte punire or multare ; morte or summo supplicio mactare : to be punished, puniri ; plecti ; pcenas dare, solvere, pendSre, expendere ; by any one, ci ; on account of athg, cs rei : to be punished with death, pcenas capite luere. PUNISHABLE, poena or supplicio dignus (of per- sons or actions; the latter, of the higher degrees of punishment, death, fyc). — sons (guilty ; of persons only). — animadvertendus (only of actions, e. g. facinus). Athg is p. by law, cs rei pcena est constituta (e. g. re- ticentiae, C). PUNISHMENT, || The act of punishing, pu- nitio (Val. Max. 8, 1, 1).— castigatio (a chastising). — multatio (esply by a fine, or loss of life) : or by the verbs. || That wch is imposed or inflicted as a penalty, pcena (as that wch is to atone for a crime). — noxa (as suffering incurred in consequence of a crime), — mulcta or (more commonly) multa, multatio (p. con- sidered as a loss, esply in money; a fine). — damnum (reparation, in money). — lis. lis aestimata (legal dam- ages). — supplicium (severe corporal p. ; scourging, death).— animadversio (as a means of manifesting the displeasure of him who punishes). — castigatio (chas- tisement, designed for the benefit of the sufferer). Jn. animadversio et castigatio. Capital p., pcena vitae or capitis ; supplicium capitis ; ultimum or extremum supplicium: dread of p., metus pcenae or animadver- sionis: to inflict p., punire qm ; poena afficere qm; poena qm multare; pcenam capere de qo; pcenam petere or repetere de qo ; pcenas expetere ab qo or in qm ; pcenam statuere or constituere in qm ; pcenam ci irrogare; supplicio afficere or punire qm; suppli- cium sumere de qo : to suffer p., pcenam pendere, de- pendere, expendere, solvere, persolvere, dare, subire, perferre, luere, or ferre ; supplicium dare, solvere, pendere, luere, or subire (gen. of the crime for wch). To suffer p. fm aby, or at aby's hands, pcenas ci dare, pendere, or dependere ; supplicium ci dare : to suffer merited p., meritam pcenam or meritas pcenas acci- pere ; pcenas merito luere ; jure plecti ; also pcenam dignam suo scelere suscipere (C): to be suffering merited p., meritam pcenam or meritas pcenas habere (of a continued state). $g^TTo punish aby in behalf of aby, is pro qo pcenas capere in S. ; but the usual form is cs pcenas capere, persSqui, &c. (Krebs). To bring aby to p., in pcenam qm detrudere : to incur or render one- self liable to p., pcenam sibi contrahere; pcenam or multam committere : to fix a p., pcenam constituere, dicere (irrogare, post- Aug.; in earlier times it meant, to propose a p. to be inflicted by the people). PUNNING, annominatio (g. t. for play on words : one species [called by Cornificius, traductio] was the using the same words, or the same words with a different quantity, in different meanings; e.g. avium dulcedo ad avium ducit; soamari jucundum est, si curetur ne quid insit am ar i, Q. 9, 3). To be guilty of, or have the habit of p., logos dicere (aft. logos, qui ludis dicti sunt, &c, C.fragm. ap. Non. 63, 18). PUNSTER, qui logos dicit (aft. C. fragm. ap. Non. 63, 18). PUNT (a kind of boat), lembus ; aiveus. tun PUNY, pusillus. exiguus. perparvus. perparvulus. minimus, minutus. f^gp' The best writers do not say homo parvus or pusillus, but homo brevi corpore, or statura brevis, or statura humili {short). A p. little fellow, homulus. homuncLo, or homunculus. PUPIL, || A scholar, discipulus ; alumnus. || A ward, pupiUus. || Apple of the eye, pupula, pu- pilla; acies (sharp sight ; see C. N. D. 2, 57, 142; acies ip.^a, qua cernimus, quae pupula vocatur). PUPILAGE, ^Minority, aetas pupillaris. \\State of a learner, tirocinium; discipulatus {Tert.). PUPPET, vevp6awa.ffToviap.Gell, 14, 1, § 23, Gr.).— simulacrum ligneum, quod nervis movetur et agitatur (Schol. Cruq.adH.Sat.2, 7, 82).— ligneolahominisfigura, in qua gestus nervis moventur, or cs membra fills agi- tantur {see Appul. de Mundo, 70, 19, sqq., for a further description). A p. -show, *theatrum twv vevpoffiraffrwv. *pegma, quo simulacra lignea nervis moventur et agi- tantur {Schol. Cruq. ad H. Sat. 2, 7, 82). You are a mere p., duceris ut nervis alienis mobile lignum (H.). PUPPY, || ^ young dog, catellus; catulus(C). j| A silly fellow. See Dandy. PUPPYISM, by homo insulsus or ineptus ; e. g. this is a piece of p., est hominis insulsi. PURBLIND. See Short-sighted. PURCHASE, v. emere,redimere (prop, and fig. ; also = to bribe). — mercari, emercari (to obtain by purchase ; often in a contemptuous sense; prop, and fig.). — cor- rumpere (fig., to bribe). To p. one thing with another, compensare qd cum re (see C. Fin. 5, 18, 48; but poet. emere qd qa re, H. Ep. 1, 2, 55): to p. peace, pacem redimere (qa re; e. g. obsidibus, auro). — pacem mercari qa re (e. g. ingenti pecunia ; and this word expresses more forcibly the disgraceful nature of the act) : to p. peace fm any one. pacta mercede abqo pacem redimere: to p. victory with great loss of troops, victoriam damno amissi militis pensare. PURCHASE, s. \\Act of purchasing, emptio. || Thing purchased, mercimonium. PURCHASEABLE, quod emi potest, venalis (that is to be sold). PURCHASER, emptor, emens (g. t.). — manceps (one who thus acquires property in a thing). The p. of a thing, emens qd,qui emit qd (one who buys). — empturus qd or qui qd emere vult (that desires to p. ; e. g. equum) : to find a p., vendi (to be sold). Not to find a p., *repu- diari : good wares find p.'s enough, proba merx facile emptorem reperit. PURE, || Free fm stains, mixture, %c, purus (without any spot or blemish). — mundus (only of solid surfaces, wch are free fm dirt or stains). Jn. mundus purusque. P. air, aer purus : p. joy, sincerum gau- dium: p. mathematics, *mathesis pura: p. doctrine, formula doctrinae incorrupta: a p. virgin, virgo casta : fig., to have p. hands (= not to have stolen athg), manus abstinere alieno ; ab alieno abstinere cupiditatem aut manus : p. water, aqualimpida. |g§|r Aqua pura is not clear, but unmixed water. \\ Free fm moral im- purity, purus, integer. Jn. purus et integer. — castus. Jn. purus et castus. castus purusque (both of body and mind). — impollutus. incontaminatus. To lead a p. life, sancte vivere. || Of language, purus. emendatus. Jn. purus et emendatus. P. Latinity, Latinitas pura et emendata: a p. style, pura oratio. pura et incorrupta dicendi consuetudo (C); purus et emendatus sermo (opp. inquinatus sermo); purum dicendi genus. || Of metals. P. gold, aurum purum. aurum purum putum. aurum cui obrussa adhibita est: p. silver, aurum purum putum. aurum pustulatum (purified fm any admixture of other metals, fm all dross). PURELY. See Clean, adv. ; Clearly; Merely. PURENESS, munditia (JggP not puritas). P. of morals, castitas; castimonia; sanctitas : p. of language or style, sermo purus or emendatus. Jn. purus et emendatus. See more in Purity. PURGATION, PURIFICATION, purgatio; puri- flcatio (Plin., Mart., in a religious sense). — lustratio (by sacrifice). PURGATIVE, medicamentum catharticum. — medi- cina alvum solvens or movens. To administer p.'s, cathartica dare : a p. must be administered, or one must take a p., dejectio a medicamento petenda est : to try to give relief by p.'s, to administer a p., dejectionem alvi ductione moliri; purgatione alvum sollicitare: to take a p., alvum dejicere (of the effect); *alvum medi- camento cathartico movere, solvere. PURGATORY, purgatorium (Eccl.) ; »locus purgan- dis post mortem animis destinatus (Muret.); *ignis maculas in animis corpore solutis residuas exurens (JMosheim). Fm context, *purgans ignis. 133 PUR PURGE, purgare, repurgare, expurgare, purum facere (g. t. gg§|r Avoid purificare). — mundum facere, mundare, emundare (to cleanse fm. dirt; the two latter words are post-Aug.). — lustrare (by a purifying sacri- fice). To p. the body, purgatione alvum sollicitare. (1) Of the medicine, alvum movere, ciere, solvere, ducere, subducere; (2) of the physician ; see. 'ad- minister a Purgative.' To be purged, alvum de- jicere, or dejicere only [Cels. 2, 12, 2, seems to show that ducere is by an injection). PURGING, purgatio (g. t.): (of the body), purgatio; dejectio ; detractio. PURIFICATION, purgatio ; lustratio ; expiatio A means of p., februum (.for an offering).— .purgamen cs rei (for expiation). — purificatio (Plin., Mart. Ep. lib. 8, prtxf.). PURIFIER, purgator (e.g. cloacarum, of the sewers). — qui qd purgat, repurgat, emundat, mundum facit, &c. PURIFY, purgare, repurgare, expurgare, purum fa- cere (g. W.E§ggrpuriflcare not to be recommended). — febru- are (by a sacrifice; a religious word). — mundum facere, mundare, emundare (purge fm dirt; mund., emund., post-Aug.). — eluere (wash or rinse out). — abluere (by washing off). — tergere, detergere (wipe off, sweep). — extergere (wipe out). — verrere, everrere (sweep, sweep out). — lustrare (consecrate by a purifying sacrifice). — expiare (expiate). To p. the sewers, cloacas purgare, de- tergere ; the stables, stabula, bubilia purgare or emun- dare ; the body fm filth, abluere corpus illuvie : to p. the language, expurgare sermonem ; sermonem usi- tatum emendare; consuetudinem vitiosam et corrup- tam pura et incorrupta consuetudine emendare: to p. the forum fm the marks of crime, expiare forum a sceleris vestigiis. PURISM, in loqueirdo (or scribendo) non sine mo- lestia diligens elegantia (aft. accurata et sine molestiS. diligens elegantia, C); or in loquendo, &c, diligentia uimium sollicita (aft. Q. 3, 11, 23). PURIST, «sermonis (Latini) expurgandi nimium studiosus (aft. C. Brut. 74, 258); *in sermone expur- gando moleste diligens ; or in expurgando sermone (or in loquendo, scribendo) diligentiae nimium sollicitae (Q. 3, 11, 21). PURITY, || Cleanness, munditia. mundities (l!§P° puritas does not occur in the best prose). \\ In a moral sense, integritas (unspotted character). — casti- tas, castimonia (chastity). — sanctitas (holiness). \\ (Of language), integritas (incorrupti sermonis integritas; C). — munditia or mundities verborum or orationis ; cas- titas ; sinceritas. |g§p° Not puritas ; but the adj. purus is used, pura oratio, &c. See Pure (of language). PURL, labi cummurmure; murmurare; susurrare (V.). PURLOIN. See Pilfer, Steal. PURLOINER. See Pilferer, Thief. PURPLE, || The colour, purpura (#. t.).— ostrum (the liquor used in dyeing). — conchylium (p. colour properly so called). — color purpureus (a purple tint or hue). \\A purple garment, purpura; vestis pur- purea ; amictus purpureus ; pallium purpureum : clothed in p., purpuratus ; conchyliatus (Sen. Ep. 62, 2) : to appear in gold and p., insignem auro et purpura^ conspici. A dealer in p. garments, purpurarius (In- script. ; also p.-dyer) : to sell p. garments, negotium purpurarium exercere. PURPORT, sententia; e.g. recitatae sunt tabella» eadem fere sententia. See Effect, s. = Tenour, &c. PURPOSE, s. consilium, or Orel, id quod volo or cupio (what one intends, the design in a subjective sense). — propositum, or Crcl. quod specto or sequor or peto (that one wch a person has set before him to be attained, a design in an objective sense). — finis (end, ultimate design, objectively, as C. Off. 1, 39, in. : domus finis est usus. See also End): for that p., hanc ad rem. hac mente. hoc consilio. ea voluntate (but ad eum finem not before T. Ann. 14, 64, 3, in this sense): for this p., that 8fc, eo consilio, ut &c. : for what p.? quid spectans? (ri ffKonvbv, but not quern ad finem?): fm or contrary to the p., alienus a consilio or proposito; non idoneus : to be quite contrary to the p., alienum esse a re propositi; repugnare consilio: I have not considered it contrary to the p., to relate, %c, haud ab re duxi, referre, &rc. : on p., consulto; cogitate; also Jn. consulto et cogitate (with premeditation). — voluntate (designedly ; opp. casu, by chance).— Jn. voluntate et judicio; data or dedita opera, de industria, or (L.) ex industria (stronger terms', quite on p.). — prudens or sciens (knowingly, with consideration): on p. to #c.,eo consilio, ut &c. (see also 'in Order to'): of set p., de PUR industria ; sedulo ; consulto ; data or dedita opera (see above 'on purpose'): I am doing atlig of set p., prudens ac sciens facio qd : athg is done of set p., consulto et cogi- tation lit qd : with no p., *quod sine consilio fit or accidit (without plan): to no p., inutilis (useless); supervaca- neus (superfluous ; but supervacuus is not classical) ; Jn. supervacaneus atque inutilis ; cui eventus deest. irritus (to no effect, in vain): to be to no p ., successu carere(t): to do a thing to no p., frustra laborem suscipere; saxum sarrire (prov. i. e. to hoe a rock, Mart. 3, 91, 20): things that are to no p., nugae. cassa, orum. inania, ium : to take pains to no p., operam perdere; oleum et operam perdere ; see also ' in Vain :' to the p., ad usum accom- modatus; conveniens (answering a certain p., e. g. vestis) ci rei or ad qd; utilis (useful, serviceable) ci rei; necessarius (necessary) ad qd : not to the p., alienus ci rei, qa re and ab qa re : it would seem to me to the p., ad rem pertinere videtur: to adopt measures that are more to the p., fortioribus remediis agere: this is nothing to the p., hoc non hujus loci est ; hoc alienura or hoc eejunctum est a re propositi : to disappoint abij of his p., ci conturbare rationes omnes (Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 29); omnem ordinem consilii turbare(Z. 40, 57, 3). PURPOSE, v. || To design, intend, spectare qd or ad qd, or with ut (to intend). — quaerere qd (to try to reach athg, to aim at). — propositum habeo or est mihi qd (or with infin., I have proposed to myself). — cogi- tare qd (or with infin., to think of athg). — animo inten- dere (with ace. of a pronoun, or with ut, or with infin.). — animum intendere ad or in qd (to direct one's thoughts to).— tendere ad qd (to be striving after).— id agere, ut (to be actually at work to fyc). — He could not accom- plish what he purposed doing, quod intenderat, non efficere poterat. || To reio^e, see To determine. PURPOSELY, consulto; data or dedita opera ; de in- dustria; ex industria (L.)- But instead of an adverb, we frequently find an adjective agreeing with the substantive of person who p. does athg, as, prudens, sciens ; prudens et sciens; sciens prudensque (e.g. facere qd); or agree- ing with the thing wch is p. done, e. g. cogitatum; con- sulto et cogitatum (e.g. fit qd) : not p., per impruden- tiam. PURSE, sacculus; marsupium (sacc. properly any little sack or bag; then = marsup., money-bag, purse, wch was only a small leathern bag often closed by being drawn together at the mouth).— crumena (money-bag, usually worn round the neck, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 67; True. 3, 1, 7). — zona (the girdle to wch a p. was fastened, or wch was so folded as to serve the purpose of a p. : so also cingulum).— loculi. area, theca numaria (money chest). — follis (any leathern bag). A full p., marsupium bene numatum : an empty p., crumena deficiens (+) : to put money in a p., numos in crumenam demittere : to empty one's p., exinanire : to fill it, implere (both Varr. offish-ponds, the produce of wch fills or empties the p., according to its abundance or deficiency) : to empty one's whole p., marsupium exenterare (Com.) : to open one's p. (i. e. to draw money out of it), thecam numariam re- tegere(C): out of one's p., e peculiaribus loculis suis (e. g. don are qd): privato sumptu (at one's own cost; e. g. bellum gerere) ; impendio privato (to one's own loss; e.g. fidem publicam exsolvere) ; de suo (e.g. nu- merare pecuniam); suis opibus (from one's own re- sources; e.g. juvare qm). To consider aby's p. one's own, cs area non secus ac mea utor : his p. is open to every body, nulli deest res ejus familiaris : to make a p. for himself, prps *suo privato compendio servire; *suis rebus or rationibus consulere : they have a common p., pecuniae conjunctim ratio habetur : a cut-p., sector zonarius (Plaut.). PURSE-PROUD, pecuniae conf Idens.— pecunia su- perbus (H. Ep. 4, 5). PURSUANCE, Crcl. with the verbs. In p. of, secundum; ex; pro; ad. See According to. PURSUE, persequi; prosequi; consectari; insequi; insectari ; insistere or instare alicui : i" will p. the subject, pergam atque insequar longius (C). See also Chase. PURSUER. By the verb, (insecutor, late.) PURSUIT, || Act of pursuing, insectatio; con- sectatio. || That which one follows, an occu- pation, employment; studium. PURSY, *obesus atque anhelus. PURTENANCE, exta, orum, n. pi. PURULENT, purulentus (Cels.). PURVEY, obsonari. See also Provide. PURVEYOR, obsonator (Plaut., Sen., Mart.). PUS {medical term), pus, puris, n. Pus forms, pus oritur : to turn to p., in pus verti, converti, or ver- gere : to ripen p., pus maturare, citare : to promote or 134 ruT assist the formation of p., pus movere : full of p., purulentus. PUSH, v. pellere; trudere: to p. forward, propellere; protrudere: to p. out, expellere; pellere ex: to p. on, see Impel, Excite. PUSH, s. pulsus; petitio (thrust): when it comes to the p., ubi ad rem, ad discrimen pervenerit; ubi res in discrimen deducta fuerit (Bau.) : to make a p., conari, audere. PUSHING, importunus; immodestus ; molestus. PUSILLANIMITY, animi demissio or (stronger) infractio; animi contractio, imbecillitas; animus par- vus, demissus, fractus, imbecillus (C); also simply contractio (C). PUSILLANIMOUS, qui est animi parvi; qui est animo debilitatus et abjectus ; fractus ; demissus. PUSILLANIMOUSLY, animo abjecto, demisso, fracto; demisse; abjecte ; timide; humiliter (C). PUSTULE, pusula (Plin.) ; pustula (Cels.). PUSTULOUS, pustulosus (Cels.); pusulosus (Col.). PUT, ponere; collocare. See also Place, Set. You will p. yourself out of court, ipse te impedies ; ipse tus or pannos venditare : a dealer in r.'s, qui panniculos venditat : r. man, *qui panniculos ostiatim colligit. RAGAMUFFIN, pannosus. mendlcus (as beggar). Every r., levissinius quisque (e. g. Gallorum) : r.'s, homines perditi ; faex populi. RAGE, s. || Vehemence, fury, rabies; saevitia ; furor (only in poetry, and post-Aug. prose). [Syn. in Fury.] \\ Anger excited to fury, ira (anger).— indignatio; iracundia (great rage, violent anger). See Anger : to fall into a r., indignatione exardescere; ira incendi; into a great r., iracundia ac stomacho exar- descere ; iracundia efferri or infiammari : to put aby in a r., stomachum ci movere or facere ; iram cs concire. || Eager desire, studium (immodicum; e g., a r. for building, *immodicum, or insanum, aedificandi stu- RAI dium). — avidita3 (insatiable passionate desire; e. g, gloriae, imperandi, &c.).— temeritas qd faciendi (arash, thoughtless fondness for doing it : e. g., a r. for play, tem. lucrandi perdendive, T. Germ. 24, 3). To have a r.for athg, omni impetu ferri ad qd. RAGE, v. || To be furious, furere {of persons ; of things personified, only in the poets). — saevire (to be savagely violent ; of persons, and also of things; mare ventis, S.; ventus, Cces. B. G. 3, 13, fin. ; and poet, of lust, love, %c). || To be violently angry, indig- nari. ira incendi, exacerbari, or excaadescere. iracundia exardescere, infiammari, efferri. RAGGED, pannosus. pannis obsitus (of persons covered with rags). — lacer, detritus (of clothes, fyc, in rags, torn). RAGING, adj. rabidus (of animals and men. See Rabid). — rabiosus (of animals, of men, and of things). — furens. furiosus. furibundus (raving with passion). — saevus (transported with rage: impropr. of things, mare, S. ; ventus, C). RAGING, s. rabies, furor, saevitia [Syn. in Fury]. — violentia (e. g. maris, venti : then impropr. of the violence of men). — saeva vis cs rei (the fearful strength of athg, e. g. morbi). — impetus (the violent attack: e. g. the r. of a fever, impet. febris). The r. of the sea, vio- lentia or (Veil.) saevitia maris. RAGOUT, prps minutal. RAIL, s. tignum transversum (nailed across be- tween two upright posts): r.'s, railings, septa (pi., g. t. for fence ; with boards, laths, #c). — cancelli (pi. ; clathri, trellis-work). RAIL, v. To enclose with rails, cancellos cir- cumdare ci rei.— or sepire (g. t., with or without stipi- tibus, &c). RAIL, RAIL AT, v. To use opprobrious language, convicium ci facere; qm conviciis con- sectari, incessere; qm maledictis insectari ; maledicta in qm dicere, conferre, conjicere: railing language, maledictum; convicium; probrum. See more in Abuse, Chide. RAILER, in qm maledfcus ; consectator. RAILLERY, jocatio, or pi. jocationes (C.) ; cavil- latio (ironical, teasing r.). See Joking, s. RAILROAD, RAILWAY, «via ferrea or ferreis orbitis strata : a r. train, *ordo vehiculorum viam ferream percurrentium. RAIMENT, vestis. vestltus. cultus. ornatus. Jn. vestis atque ornatus. See also Clothes, Dress : to put on r. ; see Clothe. RAIN, s. pluvia (as a beneficial natural phenomenon). —imber (a shower) — nimbus (of rain attended with cloudy weather; aquae ccelestes is poet.). A drizzling r., pluvia tenuissima : a sudden shower of r., pluvia re- pentina; imber repente effusus ; imber subitus : heavy r.'s, aquae magnae (L.): heavy and continued r.'s, imbres magni et assidui : we shall have r., imbres imminent ; nubilatur or nubilare coepit : ice shall have r. to-day, hodie pluet : the r.'s have swelled the river, aqua pluendo crescit : the r. beats agst my face, imber in os fertur : the r. does not cease, imber non remittit (see L. 40, 33) : the r. comes through the roof, ex im- bribus aqua perpluit; tectum imbres transmittit (see Plin. 18, 11, 29): much r. fell that year, aquas magnae et ingentes eo anno fuerunt : during the r. t in imbri ; per imbrem ; dum pluit. RAIN, v. pluere (for the most part only in the third person, personally and impersonally, pluit, 'it rains,' Sfc, prop, and fig.); imber or nimbus effunditur: it r.'s such a thing, such a thing comes down in r. (stones, blood, fyc.) ; res, re, or rem pluit, e. g. sanguine, lacte, lapidibus, &c, pluit, terra pluit, terram pluit, also imber lapidum, sanguinis, &c. defluit; and de ccelo lapidat ; imbri lapidat : it rained all night, imber continens per totam noctem tenuit: it never rained more heavily in those parts, numquamillis locismajores aquae fuerunt (Cces.). Prov. it never r.'s hut it pours, malum malo additur (aft. L. 1, 3): it is constantly raining, or rams without any cessation, continuos or assiduos (/ess strong) habemus imbres. RAINBOW, arcus pluvius (H.): cmly, ccelestis arcus, or fm context arcus only. RAIN-DEER. See Rein-Deer. RAIN-WATER, aqua pluvia, aquae pluviae, im- brium aqua or aquae (in respect of its source).— aqua pluvialis or pluviatilis (in respect of its quality). RAINY, pluvius (bringing rain with it: of winds, seasons, fyc, or where it usually rains, of a country). — pluviosus (where or when it rains much: e. g. of winter): r. weather, tempestas pluvia; pluvius cceli RAP status ; ccelum pluvium. The r. season, mensis, quo (or menses, quibus) imbres continui deferuntur (when it regularly r.'s with little or no cessation; aft. Sen. N. Q. 4, 4, extr.). RAISE, || To lift up, tollere. elevare (the latter only of things really lifted up: hence elev. manus, but not oculos : and not in the fig. sense, e. g. laudibus qm elevare. |g^" verbis qui elevare is to depreciate a man; to run him down, the opp. of extolling). — subducere (to lead or draw fm below). — moliri (to r. up heavy weights, by pulleys, fyc). Terr, the curtain, aulaeum tollere (with the ancients, at the end of the piece, to draw up the curtain before the stage ; opp. aulaeum premere or mittere, at the beginning of a piece, to let the curtain drop, so that the actors were seen ; see Schmid. H. Ep. 2, 1, 189) : to r. one's hands to heaven, tendere manus (supplices) ad ccelum (in prayer). \\ To erect, educere. excitare (pyramids, towers). — exstruere. aedifi- care (to build) : to r. fortifications, munimenta ex- citare : to r. a dam, aggerem jacere, exstruere ; a wall, murum aedificare. See To Erect. || To excite, arouse, erigere; excitare. — firmare. confirmare (to confirm, strengthen). — relevare, recreare (to refresh) : to r. the spirits of a dejected person, afflictum cs animum recreare (Cf. C. Att. 1, 16, 8, ego recreavi afflictos animos bonorum, unumquemque confirmans, excY- tans); animum cs jacentem or qm abjectum et jacen- tem excitare ; sublevare stratum et abjectum ; ad animi aequitatem extollere qm. \\To give forth, occa- sion, tollere. Tor. a shout, clamorem tollere : on the arrival of aby, clamoribus qm excipere : to r. a laugh, cachinnum tollere; in cachinnos effundi. Such phrases are frequently expressed in Latin by single words ; e. g. to r. a laugh, cachinnari : to r. a charge, accusare qm. || To bring forward, proferre. producere. in me- dium prolerre: to r. an objection, opponere, contra dicere qd. obloqui. occurrere. || To cause to rise (fm the dead), qm excitare ab inferis; qm a morte ad vitam revocare (to recal to life). — qm ab Oreo reducem in lucem facere (to cause to return to the world. HJgj^Vivificare is bad Latin). || To levy, prepare, parare, comparare; conferre, conquirere, conficere, cogere (to collect, bring together): to r. troops, copias parare or comparare; exercitum conficere: to r. money, cogere pecuniam, fm aby, ab qo ; pecunias expedire. || To augment, increase, efferre (to bring forth). — augere (to increase). — majus reddere (to render greater, enlarge). — exaggerare (to make higher or larger). To r. the price of a commodity, pretium cs rei efferre (to make the price higher). — carius vendere qd (to sell at more) : to attempt to r. the price of corn, annonam flagellare (of a corn-factor who keeps back his corn, that prices may rise ; Plin.); annonam incendere, excandefacere (Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 16); annonae caritatem inferre. Prices have been raised, merces cariores sunt or pluris venpunt : the price of athg has been raised. See 'prices 8;c. have risen' in Rise. To r. the pay, stipendium augere: to r. courage, majorem reddere animum ; addere animum. \\ To promote, advance (to honour), augere, ornare (g. t.); producere ad dignitatem or ad honores, evehere ad honores : to r. to great honour, amplis honoribus ornare or decorare : to r. fm the dust, ex humili loco ad dignitatem producere ; e tenebris in lucem evocare ; e tenebris et silentio proferre : to the highest honours, ad amplissimos honores or ad summam dignitatem perducere : to r. aby to the throne, regnum et diadema ci deferre (H. Od. 2, 2, 22). \\To raise a siege, see Siege. Raise up, || To lift or set up, erigere (as a person fallen). To r. a person, manu allevare qm. sublevare ante pedes stratum : fig., to r. up a sick person, aegrum levare (to set him on his legs again). — aegro.dare salutem or salutem et sanitatem, aegro sanitatem resti- tuere (to restore to health) ; aegrum levare ex praecipiti (fm a very dangerous disease, H. Sat. 2, 3, 293). \\ To arouse, vid. \\ To cause to appear or come forward, afferre, parere, movere (to cause). — praebere, dare (to afford).— efficere, perficere (to bring about). RAISIN, acinus passus (^°»rf uva passa; = a dried bunch of grapes): poet., racemus passus (V. Georg. 2, 269): r.-wine, passum (sc. vinum) : stone of a r., nucleus acini passi. RAKE, s. || An agricultural implement, pecten (|ggr not rastrum or rastellus, i. e. a hoe). — irpex (made of iron, to break the clods, not to hoe the weeds ; see Schneid.Caton. L. L. 10, 2, p. 45). \A disso- lute fellow, homo dissolutus, profligatus, perditus. RAKE, v. || To clear with a rake, pectine ver- 140 RAN rere (0. Rem. 192). To r. up (a crop, $c), pectinibus legere qd (Col. 2, 21). || To scour, stringere, destringere. || To rake up = to collect, vid. RAKISH, profligatus, perditus ; Jn. perditus pro- fligatusque (of persons) ; corruptus, depravatus; Jn. corruptus depravatusque (of manners, fyc). RALLY, Trans.) (of truops), ordines restituere (g. t.), recolligere (to collect again). — reducere. retrahere W by force; e.g. fugitives). || Intrans. (of troops) e. g. milites in eo loco denuo consederunt. (Mentally), se or animum colligere; ad se redire; se recipere. kee also To Collect. RALLY, || To banter (vid.): aby on athg, per ludi- brium exprobrare ci qd. RAM, s. ||.4 male sheep, aries. Of a r., arietinus. || The vernal sign, * Aries. \\ A battering-ram, machina, qua muros quatiunt or percutiunt (g. t.); aries (with the ancients) : to apply the battering-ram to the wall, arietem muro (muris) admovere: to shake the wall with the r., ariete orarietis pulsu murum quatere: the r. made a breach in the wall, aries percussit murum. RAM, v. fistuca adigere (Cas.). fistucare. fistuca- tione solidare (Vitr.). RAM-ROD, *virga pyrobolaria. RAMBLE, Prop.) vagari (v. pr). — circumcursare (to run to and fro). — palari (to straggle, of several) — Fig.) evagari; vagari; excurrere; a proposito digredi (C.) ; exspatiari (Q.). RAMBLER, RAMBLING, vagus; vagans; errans. || Rambling (of sty le), vagus (C. with blame ; opp. i-olutus, of an easy step). — dissipatus. fluctuans et dis- solutus (unconnected, loosely put together). RAMIFY, &c. See Branch, &c. RAMMER, fistuca. pavicula (used for paving or for levelling the ground). RAMMISH, olidus. hircosus (prop, goatish). RAMP, v. \\T o jump about, circumsilire, also with the addition of modo hue, modo illuc (Catull. 3, 9) ; insultare ci loco or qo loco ; qa, re or in qa. re persultare (to be ramping about, e. g. in a field, to mis- chievously tread down the fruit) : to be ramping about before a place, ante locum persultare. \\ To climb, vid. || To creep up (as a plant), se circumvolvere ci rei ; claviculis adminicula tamquam manibus appre- hendere atque ita se eiigere(o/iw2es, C. N. D. 2,47, 120; cf. Cat. Maj. 15, 52). — peierrate qd(o/ plants round the trunk and branches of a tree, truncum et ramos, e. g. of ivy). RAMP, s. \\Leap, vid. \\A spotted plant, *arum maculatum (L.). RAMPANCY, Crcl. with verbs, invalescere. convales- cere. ingravescere (to grow in power in general). — in- crebrescere. percrebrescere (to become very frequent): r. of vices, vitia praevalida (T. Ann. 3, 53, 2) : the r. of luxury was then first noticed, luxuria pullulare inci- piebat (Np. Cat. 2, 3). RAMPANT, || Exuberant, lascivus. petulans: Crcl. with pres. part of verbs in To Ramp : r. vices, vitia praevalida (T. Ann. 3, 53, 2). |l Rearing (of animals, in heraldry), prps Crcl. with exsultare (as Np. Eum. 5, 5), or se arrectum tollere (as V. JEn. 10, 392), or erigere pedes priores ; e. g. erectis pedibus prioribus. RAMPART, || Prop, vallum (the whole of that part of fortification, with its palisades, fascines, fyc). — agger (a mound either of stone, rubbish, or earth). To erect or to make a r., aggerem jacgre, or facere, or exstruere ; vallum ducere: to surround the camp with a r. and ditch, castra munire vallo fossaque : to surround a town with a r. and ditch, urbem vallo et fossa cingere. || Fig. A ny thing serving as a defence; see Defence, Bulwark. RAMPION (a creeping plant, see Creeping), *phy- teuma (the common r. growing in fields, Linn.). — ■ ♦campanula rapunculus (Linn., the r. with eatable roots). RANCID, rancidus. RANCIDNESS, «rancidus sapor. RANCOROUS, malignus. malitiosus. infestus. in- fensus. inimlcus; Syn. in Inimical. — Jn. inimicus atque infestus ; infestus atque inimicus ; infensus atque inimicus ; inimicus infensusque: r. feeling, ani- mus infestus or inimicus ; infensus animus atque ini- micus. To entertain a r. feeling, infenso animo esse in qm. odium occultuni gerere adversus qm (aft. Plin. 8, 18, 26). RANCOUR, odium, ira. simultas. odium et offensio Syn. and Phr. in Hatred, (g^p" rancor Hieron.) RAND. See Brim. RAN RANDOM, quod sine consilio fit or accidit (without any plan). — in casu positus (depending on chance). — fortuitus (brought to pass by accident). See also Chance. RANDOM (at), per imprudentiam. imprudenter; inconsuite ; temere; also Jn. inconsulte ac temere; temere ac fortuito ; casu. Syn. in Chance. To talk at r., aliena loqui ; voces inanes fundere (stronger term) ; deiirare (to talk like a fool): to fight at r., temere in acie versari: to act at r., temere ac fortuito agere. See also 'without Consideration.' R.ANGE, s. \\ Row, ordo (a row of things that stand in a relative proportion to one another with regard to space or room).— series (the successive or consecutive following of several objects, a series). See also Row. || Class, vid. || Course, vid. \\ A step of a ladder, gra- dus scalarum (cf. Cels. 8, 15, med., where we find the unusual gradus scalae; also scala simply [cf. Mart. 7, 19, 20]). || A kitchen grate, see Grate. \\ A sieve, vid. \\ A chain (of mountains), see Chain. || Reach (of cannon-shot), * tormenti jactus or con- jectus : to be within r. of cannon-shot, ictibus tormen- torum interiorem esse (aft. L. 24, 74): to be beyond r. of cannon-shot, extra tormenti jactum or conjectum esse (aft. Curt. 3, 10). RANGE, v. || To place in proper order, see To Arrange. || Intrans.) To rove over, perva- gari. peragrare. tota urbe discurrere (through the whole town) : the mercury ranges (in the barometer), *mercu- rius (in tubo Torricelliano) ascendit or descendit. RANGER, || Owe that roves about, Crcl. with verbs in To Range. \\ In a bad sense, viarum ob- sessor (according to Fest.); latro (a robber). \\An officer who tends the game in a forest, *rei saltuariae praefectus or magister ; * a conciliis rei sal- tuariae. ||^i dog that beats the ground, canis vestigator. RANK, adj. || Strong-scented, graveolens, male olens; foetidus : to be r., male olere. || Gross, coarse, vid. || Also in composition, e. g., r. rogue, trifur- cifer (Com.); caput scelerum (Plaut. Pseud. 4, 5, 3); princeps flagitiorum (C. Verr. 5, 1,4): r. fool, homo stultior stultissimo (Plaut. Amph. 3, 2, 25) ; stultus bis terque (aft. C. Qu. Fr. 3, 8, extr.). HANK, s. |1 Row, ordo. See Row. || Line of sol- diers, ordo: the first, second, third r., acies prima, media, extrema : in close ranks, munito agmine (e. g. incedere, S. Jug. 46, 3) : to quit the ranks, ordine egredi (of one or several) ; ordines deserere or re- linquere (of several) : to break through the ranks. ordines perrumpere: to break the ranks (i.e. to throw the troops into confusion), ordines turbare, conturbare: to march in r. and fie, compositos et instructos pro- cedure : to reduce to the ranks, see To Degrade. || Class, classis. || Grade, dignity, ordo (station). — locus (by b rih or distinction, often = auctoritas, dig- nitas. gratia; see Herz. ad Cces. B.G. 5, 44).— gradus (degree, often with honoris, dignitatis). — honos (post of honour). — fastigium, amplitudo, summus locus (high rank). A man of r., vir honoratus : a man of respecta- bility and r., vir ampius et honoratus; vir persona et dignitate clarus or pr'aestans (aft. C.).—the first r., primae, priores (sc. partes); principatus: secondary r., secundus locus (Np ) ; sors secunda (L.) ; secundae (sc. partes, C): the lowest r., infimus locus: to be of the first r. in the state, principem esse in civitate, or prin- cipis personam in civitate tueri (C.) : philosophers of the first r., philosophi longe principes (C): scholars of the first r., literati primum classium (Wyttenb.); *viri docti, qui primas in literis tenent, or qui priucipatum in doc- trina et eruditione obtinent: to be of inferior r., loco, ordine, dignitate esse inferiorem : to be of higher r., honori-i gradu esse superiorem : gradation of r., digni- tatis gradus. RANK, v. || Trans, (primas, priores, &c.) ci deferre; (priucipatum, chief r.) deferre, dare; loco qo ponere, disponere {of several). || Intrans.) locum (primum, secundum, infimum) tenere, obtinere. RANKLE, suppurare (to fester, prop.); inflammari, incendi (to be inflamed, prop, or fig.). RANKNESS, \\Stroiig scent, *rancidus sapor (Si!? rancor, Pa Had.). || Exuberance. See Excess, Exuberance. RANSACK, || To plunder, \id. \\ To search thoroughly, perscrutari (C); riinari qd (Q.) \\To violate, throw into confusion, fodiendo disji- cere qd. RANSOM, s. pecuniae, quibus qs redimitur (Suet , Cces. 4); pactum pro capite pretium (when one pur- chases his life with it; C. Off. 3, 29, 107): from the 141 RAS context often simply pretium; pecuniae to restore, receive without r., sine pretio dimittere, recipere. RANSOM, v. qm pretio or pecunia, redimere (e servitute) ; qm redimere. RANT, v. (quasi) furere et bacchari (to be mad, as it were, like a Bacchanalian ; C. Brut. 80, 276, of those quibus oratio altior, actioque esset ardentior). — inani- bus locis bacchari (to r. in empty common-places, Q. 12, 10, 73 ; of the speech).— *fanaticum quodriam carmen bacchari (aft. Juv. grande carmen bacchari). — *iana- tica quadam verborum magnificentia declamare (of fanatical ranting; cf Q. 3, 8, 61); emugire, multo discursu, anhelitu, jactatione, gestu, motu capitis furentem (Q. 2, 12, 9). — tumultuari, or omissa ra- tione, qua tulit impetus, passim tumultuari (esply with ref. to a disjointed, wild style, 8,-c, Q. 2, 12, 11). RANT, s. oratio, quae inanibus locis bacchatur, or oratio furiosae vociferationi simillima (both aft. Q. ; see Ranting), or furiosa vociferatio only; sententiarum vanissimus strepitus (Petron.) : fanatical r., *fanatica cantilena. RANTER, clamator, or clamator odiosus et molestus (bawler, opp. orator, C). — clamator tantum et facundia rabida (Gell. 19, 9, 7) ; or Crcl. with verbs under To Rant. RANTING, s. dicendi genus, quod inanibus locis bacchatur (wch runs riot on empty common-places, Q. 12, 10, 73). — dicendi genus furiosae vociferationi similli- mum. RANUNCULUS, *ranunculus (Linn.). RAP, s. ictus (g. t. for blow) : r. with the knuckles, talitrum (Suet.). You will get a r. on the knuckles, verbera tibi parata erunt ; vapulabis : you deserve a r. on the knuckles, dignus es qui vapules : a r. at the door, pulsatio ostii. RAP, v. plagam ci inferre, infligere; qm pulsare, verberare : with the knuckles, *talitrum ci infringere ; with a stick, qm baculo percutere: to r. at the door, pultare fores, ostium (Ter.), januam (Plaut.); pulsare fores, ostium (Plaut.); pellere fores (Ter. I; pultare aedes (Plaut.): to r. (at the door) gently, placide pultare fores (Plaut.). @3p° Pultare is prce-Class. according to Q. 1, 1, 4. RAPACIOUS, rapax. cupidus. avidus. RAPACITY, rapacitas (C); cupiditas. aviditas. RAPE, || Violence, raptus, us; raptio (abduction); oblatum per vim stuprum or vitium ; vis illata pudi- citiae. || Something snatched away, raptum; praeda. \\ A plant, rapum ; *brassica napus (Linn.) : wild r., *sinapis arvensis (Linn.). RAPID, rapidus. citus. celer. velox. citatus [Syn. in Quick]. RAPIDITY, rapiditas. velocitas. celeritas. festi- natio (too great r.). Sxn. in Swiftness. RAPIDLY, rapide. celeriter. velociter. propere. cito. RAPIER. See Sword. RAPINE. See Plunder. RAPTURE, summa voluptas; suavissimus volup- tatis sensus ; secessus mentis et animi a corpore ; animus abstractus a corpore; mens sevocata a corpore (these three = ecstasy : ecstasis late). — furor (of a poet, prophet, Sfc.) : to be in a r. of delight, summa voluptate affici: in a r. of delight, quasi quodam gaudio elatus. RAPTUROUS, suavissimus: to be in a state ofr. delight, laetum esse omnibus laetitiis; totum in laeti- tiam effusum esse. RARE, || Of unfrequent occurrence, rarus. — (unusual, uncommon), insolitus ; insolens. — (strange), mirus; novus. || Excellent, select, ^c, conquisitus. conquisitusetelectus. exquisitus. eximius. egregius. praestans: rarest, conquisitissimus($jS|f rarus in this sense.is poet.): r. wines, veterrima vina. RAREFACTION, Crcl. by the verb. RAREFY, rarefacere : to be rarefied, rarescere (of clouds, moisture, #c). — extenuari: rarefied air, aer ex- tenuatus. RARITY, || Rareness, raritas. \\A rare thing, res rara; res rara visu or inventu. RASCAL, nequam ; furcifer. See Villain. RASCALITY. See Villany. RASCALLY. See Villanous. RASE, || To overthrow, See Destroy. [| To erase, expunge, See Erase. RASH, adj. temerarius (both of persons and things ; e. g. consilia). — inconsideratus ; inconsultus (Syn. of their opposites in Circumspect). — in consiliis praeceps (of persons). — calidus (hot, as it were; struck on the spur of the moment ; opp. cogitatus, what receives cool deliberation: of things, consilia, Cces.). Hazard- ous and /•., temerarius et periculosus (of things, C); periculosus et calidus (e. g. plans, consilia; opf, quietus et cugitatus, Cces.). Appearing r. at first sight, prima specie temerarius. RASH, s. lormicatio (with itching, Plin.). *v'arus ; *ionthus (t. t., on the face). — boa (a disease in wchred pimples rise, on the skin, Plin.). RASHER, (lardi) offula or segmentum. RASHLY, temere. inconsiderate, inconsulte. terae- ritate quadam sine judicio vel modo (C). RASHNESS, temeritas; inconsiderantia (C). [Syn. in Rash.] RASP. v. *scobina polire or persequi. To r. off, descobinare. RASP, s. scoblna (ggSTrco^ radula). RASPBERRY, *morum Idaeum: r. tree or bush, rubus Idaeus {Plin. 16, 37, 71; and L). R. wine, •vinum ex moris Idaeis factum (aft. Pallad. 3, 25, 19). R. vinegar, *acetum ex moris Idaeis paratum. RASURE, litura (smearing over a wax tablet). RAT, *mus rattus (Linn.; included by the ancients under the general term mus). To smell a r., subolet ci qd (Plant.); qd mali suspicari (C). RATE, s. || Price, value, pretium. A fixing of a r., indicatio (Plaut.). \\Valuation of property for the purpose of taxation, census: money paid as a tax, <§-<;., census; vectlgal (see Tax): r.- payer, homo vectigalis. || M an ner, modus; ratio: at this r., in hunc modum. RATE, v. || To estimate, vid. \\ To tax pro- perty, Sfc, censere (See Tax). || To chide, See Chide. RATEABLE, *quod aestimari potest. RATH, adj. See Early. RATHER, potius (by way of preference). — multo magis (of degree). — quin etiam, quin potius, quin imo (intensive, with reference to something foregoing). — imo (denotes either correction or complete opposition = nay rather ; hence it is also conjoined with other words, as imo potius, imo vero, imo enimvero, imo etiam) : and notr., ac non potius, or simply ac non: so far from this, that r., tantum abest, ut . . . ut (Jg^p" b ut n ot ut potius, for wch there is no good authority). gjgT With adjectives, rather is usually expressed by the compara- tive, with or without pauilo (^^° not aliquanto); e.g. r. timid, pauilo timidior; rather longer, pauilo lon- gior (in measure) ; pauilo diutius (in time). It is also frequently expressed by the compound sub, modifying the word; e.g. rather angry, subiratus ; rather ugly, subturpis; rather obscure, subobscurus ; to be rather irritated, subirasci ; to be rather afraid, subtimere CUSP" but not subtimidus). || / had rather, malo (aft. wch ace. of personal pronoun is sometimes in- serted). I would r., malo or malim (mallem if it alludes to the p 27 = purposely, designedly): without r., inconsiderate, temere ; sine consilio : after due r., re diligenter perpensa or considerate ; inita subductaque ratione ; omnibus rebus circumspectis ; re consulta et explorata. \\ Animadversion, vid. REFLECTOR, \\One who reflects, Crcl. with the verbs. H An instrument for reflecting light, *quod radios regerit or repercutit. REFLOW, retro fluere (refluere only in the poets and Plin.). REFLUENCE, recessus (of the tide}. REFLUENT, qui retro fluit. refluus (Plin.). REFLUX, recessus, us. REFORM, v. 1| Trans.) melius facere or efficere (to make better). — corrigere (to correct or improve as a whole something defective, not right, fyc.). — emendare (to free athg fm faults).— Jn. corrigere et emendare; emendare et corrigere. To r. one's ways, mores corrigere or emendare. (The younger Plin. has corrupt os deprava- tosque mores reformare et corrigere.) || Intrans.) To improve, ivith respect to morals, mores suos mutare ; in viam redire ; ad virtutem redire or revo- cari ; ad bonam frugem se recipere. REFORM, REFORMATION, || Improvement, correctio. emendatio. Jn. correctio et emendatio, cs rei [Syn. in Reform]. ^Amendment in morals and conduct, mores emendatiores (vita emendatior Vlp. Dig.). REFORMATION, (ecclesiastical) *sacra in melius restituta (pi.); *disciplin8e Christianae correctio et emendatio. Usually (but not Class.) reformatio sacro- rum, or reformatio (t. t.) : the Lutheran r., inchoata a Luthero veritatis obscuratae reformatio (Mosheim) ; *sacrae res Christianorum per Lutherum emendatae, restitutae : a history of the r., *historia rerum Christia- narum in melius restitutarum. REFORMED, mutatus. emendatus (C.) ; reformatus (Plin. Ep.). In a limited sense, as opp. to ' Lutheran,' Reformatus (t. t.); *Calvini doctrinam amplexans. •Calvinianae legis studiosus (aft. Ammian.): to be one of the r., *probare formulam Calvinianam : to join the r., *amplecti formulam sacrorum a Calvino constitu- tam; *transire ad sacrorum rationem per Calvinum refictam. REFORMER, \\Generally, emendator. corrector et emendator cs rei. — veteris cs consuetudinis mutator. A radical r., rerum evertendarum cupidus, or *qui ita est mutandarum or novarum rerum cupidus, ut omnia, quae nunc sunt, a radicibus velit evertere (in a bad sense), or qui vult non solum ramos miseriarum nos- trarum amputare, sed oranes radicum fibras evellere (in a good sense; aft. C. Tusc. 3, 6, 13). ^Eccle- siastical reformer, *disciplinae Christianae cor- rector et emendator. *melioris formulae auctor (in ecclesiastical matters) ; *sacrorum instauratorum, emendatorum, auctor. Iggp" reformator is not Latin. REFRACT, infringere. refringere (e. g. radii in- fracti resiliunt, Plin.); solis radii aquae immissi re- fringuntur (id. 2, 59, 60). REFRACTION, *refractio radiorum. REFRACTORY, contumax. imperium detrectans. HggT Refractariolus (= ' contentious' of judicial ora- tory) occurs C. Alt. 2, 1, 3, in a passage wch Orelli rejects,— refractarius, Sen. Ep. 73. Praefractus has not this meaning ; see Diet). REFRAIN, || Trans.) To check, restrain; vid. || Intrans.) abstinere or se abstinere ab qa re. se continere ab qa re (to keep oneself back fm). — tem- perare sibi, quominus. temperare (sibi) ab qa re (not to seize upon, to abstain fm ; gglT not temperare ci rei, wch is = to set measure or bounds to athg; see Kriiger, § 359 : temperare qa re is not a Latin construction ; for in L. 32, 34, 3, risu is the dat.). — parcere ci rei (to spare; e. g. ut neque lamentis neque exsecrationi- bus parceretur, L. 8, 7, 21 ; parco nominibus viventium, I refrain fm mentioning the names of persons now alive, Q. 3, 1, 21). To r. fm food, se abstinere cibo; a (qui- busdam) cibis temperare : to r. fm fighting, supersedere proelio or pugna: to r. fm tears, lacrimas tenere; tem- 150 REF perare a lacrimis (t V. JEn. 2, 8 ; whereas temperare lacrimis, L. 30, 20, 1, = to moderate one's tears): to r. fm laughter, risum tenere or continere : to r. fm inter- course with aby, cs aditum sermonemque defugere : not to be able to r., sibi temperare or se continere non posse, quin ; a se non impetrare posse, quin : to be scarcely able to r. fm, vix se continere posse, quin &c. ; vix temperare sibi posse, quin &c. ; vix com- primor, quin &c. (Pliut. Most. 1, 3, 46). REFRESH, reficere (to restore lost strength).— recreare (to give fresh life and spirits). — Jn. reficere et recreare ; recreare et reficere. To r. aby with food, cibo juvare qm ; with food and drink, cibo ac potione firmare qm : to r. oneself, se reficere, se recreare ; corpus curare (with food and s'eep; Curt. 3, 8, 22). To r. oneself by athg, qa re refici, se reficere, or vires reficere (e. g., by victuals and drink, fyc). — qa re delectari (of the body or of the mind). — qa re recreari (of the mind).— animo relaxari ; animi remissionem quaerere: to r. one's memory in athg, grata memoria renovare qd : to r. the courage of soldiers, ardorem militum, qui resederat, excitare rursus renovareque (L. 26, 19). REFRESHING, reficiens. recreans (see Refresh). — suavis. dulcis (pleasant, sweet). REFRESHMENT, refectio. recrcatio (act of refresh- ing).— id., quod recreat, reficit corpus (vires) or animum (that wch refreshes the body or mind) — oblectatio, ob- lectanentum, voluptas (delight, mental enjoyment) : to find r. in athg, qa re recreari, refici (of hody and mind) ; qa re delectari, oblectari (of the mind): to take r., *cibum, quo corpus recreatur, sumere (to take food). — •caldam sumere (a warm drink\ REFT, orbus. orbatus. See Bereave. REFUGE, perfugium (a secure place of shelter, open to all in time of danger ; §§gp° Avoid profugium, wch is of very doubtful authority). — refugium (a place of r. prepared or at least thought of beforehand in case of a retreat ; only once in C. ; confugium only in the poets; suffugium, in O. and T., is, if not a secret, at least an occasional and temporary place of shelter fm incon- veniences; Dod). — asylum (an asylum provded for refugees).— receptus (a place of secure retirement). — receptaculum (place of retreat, shelter): to afford or offer r., perfugium praebere (C); refugium dare (£.): to cut off all hope of r., excludere qm e portu et per- fugio (C); ultimum ci perfugium claudere (T.); om- nium rerum respectum abscidere ci (L.): to betake oneself for r., qo confugere, perfugere, refugere. To take r. in aby's bosom, confugere ad cs sinum (Plin. Jun.). REFUGEE, profugus (the unfortunate person obliged to forsake his home, fyc. ; mly considered as a citizen, Dod. ggp°rao< refugus (T.), wch = one who is flying, fugitive). By the verbs, confugere, perfugere. REFULGENCE, fulgor. splendor, candor, claritas [Syn. in Brightness.] REFULGENT, clarus. fulgens. splendidus. nitidus. nitens. luminosus [Syn. in Bright]. REFUND, reddere (pecuniam) : to r. athg to the last penny, reddere ad assem (e. g. ci impensum). REFUSAL, recusatio. detrectatio (e. g. militiae, to serve) : to persist in a r., in recusando perstare : to meet with a r., repulsam pati (t 0.). \\ First offer of athg to be sold. To give aby the r. of athg, *rei emendae optionem ci dare ; *ci permittere ut rem, si velit, emat. But mly by the verbs. REFUSE, v. |! To decline accepting, abnuere. renuere (prop., by shaking the head). — recusare (to r., esply for some reason). — repudiare (to disdain, despise, scorn). — deponere (to decline). — deprecari (to excuse oneself). — detrectare (to endeavour to withdraw fm a thing). — contemnere, aspernari, respuere (to reject with contempt). — fastidire (to r. haughtily) : to r. an office, munus or provinciam recusare; honores, munus de- precari : to r. offices in the state, imperia non accipere ; honores deprecari: to r. a wife with a large dowry, uxorem cum grandi dote recusare : to r. an inheritance, hereditatem repudiare ; also hereditatem adire or cer- nere nolle (not to enter upon it). To r. one's friend- ship, amicitiam cs recusare: to r. a triumph, trium- phum deponere (L. 2, 47). || To deny a request, negare qd; recusare qd or de re (for sufficient reasons). — renuere qd (by gestures, fyc.) ; also by nohe with an inf. (to be unwilling) : to r. a request, petenti ci qd denegare, petenti ci deesse, preces cs repudiare : to r. in part, subnegare qd : to r. courteous y, belle negare : to r. positively or decidedly, prascise negare ; sine ulla exceptione, or plane, praecidere : to r. to believe athg, ci rei fidem abrogare (C). REIT REFUSE, s. RProp.) Shreds, waste, $c., ra- mentum (fm metals, skins, fyc. ; by filing, or rubbing). — scrobis or scrobs (fm wood, metals ; by sawing, filing, boring). — intertrimentum, retrimentum [by melting). — recisamentum (chips of wood, fyc). |j Fig.) The worst of athg, offscourivg, purgamentum (e. g. servorum ; urbis, Curt. 6, 11, 2, and 2, 10. 7).— sentlna (qa. the sink; canaille). — quisquiliae (qu. the sweepings : all of an entire class of bad or worthless persons). — homo ad extremum ptrditus, homo desuicatissimus (a very depraved and most contemptible individual) : the r. of the people, perditissima et fasx populi. REFUSE, adj. abjectus (worthless).— vilis (mean).— malus (bad).— rejectus, rejiciendus (cast away, or fit only to be cast away, C). REFUTATION, refutatio. confutatio. responsio (Q. 5, 7, 14). REFUTE, refellere (to prove by good grounds and convincing arguments that a thing is false; to r. a per- son or thing). — redarguere (to convict a person or thing of errour or falsehood).— refellere et redarguere. — con- vincere (to convict a person of errour fully, to show in- controvertibly that a thing is false, errores).— revincere (to show by convincing counter- arguments that the oppo- site is true ; of persons or things ; cf. L. 6, 26, 7, crimina revicta rebus, verbis confutare nihil attinet). — confutare (to overbear by argument or disputation : it is only in this sense that it is = r.; a person or thing; e. g. argumenta Stoicorum). — refutare (to repel: the refutans acts on the defensive; the confutans on the of- fensive).— refutare oratione (e. g. contraria, qdmagis re, quam verbis).— diluere (to do away with, to show its nothingness ; e. g. crimen ; confirmationem adversari- orum). — Jn. refutare ac diluere. diluere ac refellere. diluere qd et falsum esse docere. dissolvere (to destroy entirely). REGAIN, recuperare. recipere. redipisci (Plaut.). See also Recover. REGAL. See Royal. REGALE, || Trans.) blande, benigne excipere qm hospitio (L.) — convivio excipere qm (C). — laute ex- cipere qm (H.). — apparatis epulis excipere qm (T.). — lautissimas epulas, conquisitissimos cibos apponere ci (magnificently). || Intrans.) epulari. convivari. RKGALE (The), *jus principis proprium. REGALIA, ornatus regius (royal ornaments). — sceptrum regium or regis (the sceptre). — insigne regium (distinctive badge of royalty). — $*§° not regale. REGALITY, dignitas regia (royal dignity).— regia potestas (royal power). REGARD, s. ratio, respeetus. To pay r. to = To Regard : with r. to; see 'with Respect to.' || Affec- tion; vid. REGARD, v. || To respect, pay regard to, cs rei rationem habere or ducere; respectum habere ad qd (to have respect to, fyc). — respicere (to have respect to, fyc. ; then also to care for athg).— cogitare de qo or de re to take thought for). Not to r. a thing, nihil curare, negligere qd : to r. nothing, nihil pensi habere. || To concern, pertain to, attinere ad. As r.'s myself, quod ad me attinet (IS^T quod ad me pertinet in this sense would not be Latin: pertinere ad qm means to reach any one, to affect any one well or ill, to do good or harm to ; attinere ad qm, to belong to, to concern). || To esteem, vid. REGARDLESS, negligens (cs rei). incuriosus ( T. ; recentium, &c.).— securus (without any anxiety about; e. g. pelagi atque mei, V. ; poet, in this sense). See also Careless. REGARDLESSLY, negligenter ; incuriose ; sine cura. REGENCY, regni procuratio (Cces.). REGENERATE, adj. renatus. regenerates (Eccl.). REGENERATE, v. || Prop.) regenerare. revivificare (Teriull.). To be regenerated, renasci, renatum esse (of the state). || Fig ) renovare. restaurare. See Renew. REGENERATION. By the verbs. Regeneratio (Eccl.). REGENT, rerum publicarum rector or moderator (g. t.).— princeps (a prince; in the silv. age).— procura- tor regni (one who administers public affairs during a minority or the like). To be r. (in the latter sense), in regni procuratione esse (Cces. B. C. 3, 104). REGICIDE, regis interfector or parricldaj^ fm the context also percussor (see Justin. 9, 7, 9). ^^° Occi- s>or regis only in Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 64. REGIMEN, victus.—certus vivendi modus ac lex. — lex quaedam ciborum (diet).— exercitatio et lex quae- dara ciborum (Q. ; exercise and diet). See Diet. 151 REG REGIMENT, || Government; vid, || A body of soldiers under one colonel, usually rendered by the Gr. chilias ; better prps by legio. A r. of cavalry, turma equitum: the band of a r., *milites symphoniaci (analogous to pueri symph., C. Mil. 21, 55): to ask a r. for aby, petere (ab qo) praefecturam (i. e. of cavalry) ci, or tribunatum (both C). REGIMENTAL, *legionarius, or by gen. legionis. REGIMENTALS, ornatus vestitusque militarist. Dai. 9, 3); also fm context, vestitus, ornatus only. REGION, regio (g. t.). — tractus (in reference to ex- tent; a tract of country). — plaga; ora (mly of regions in the heavens, with or without cceli). Regions, regiones (g. t.; also tracts of country) — partes (parts, districts; also of the heavens). — loca (places, usually with a?i adj. denoting the physical quality of a place; e. g. loca amcena): fiat r.'s, loca patentia; campi (opp to moun- tains): in the r. of, fyc, regione, with a gen. (see Bremi, Suet. Cces. 39); in with an abl. of the name of a town (at, near; e. g. in Philippis; see Benecke, Justin. 11, 5, 12). REGISTER, s. commentarii (Inscr.) — index (list; jgSgTcatalogus, late). An alphabetical r., qrm rerum in literas digesta nomina : to tet down in a r., *in indicem referre. *in acta publica referre (in an official r.). — qd (in tabulis) consignare; in tabulas or commentaries referre: r. of deaths, annales funesti (L. 4, 20), or prps ratio Libitinae (cf. Inlerpp. ad Suet. Ner. 29). REGISTER, v. ||Propr.) in acta publica conferre (of a public registrar). — in tabulas referre, consignare or in tabulis consignare. Fig.) tueri. ab oblivione de- fendere. REGISTRAR, ab actis. acommentariis (both Inscr.). — commentariensis (Paul. Dig. 49, 14, 45). REGISTRATION, *actorum publicorum consig- natio. REGISTRY, commentarii (the thing; Inscr.).— *ac- tonim publicorum consignatio (act). REGNANT, qui nunc praeest civitati. Or by Crcl. with verbs in Reign. REGRESS, reditus. reditio. See also Return. REGRET, s. dolor (sorrt>w). — desiderium (the long- ing after something of wch one feels a want, hence mly after what one no longer possesses) — pcenitentia (penitential r.). To be moved with r., see To Rkgret. REGRET, v. doiere. — aegre or moleste ferre. — lugere (to mourn for). It is to be regretted that, dolendum est, quod &c. Hence, a) To rue or repent of athg, pcenitet me cs rei. / do not r. having been of their opinion, me non pcenitet eorum sententiae fuisse : / r. that I was not present, dolet mini, non acfuisse. b) To miss an object, desiderare qd. — desiderio cs mcveri (to r. a person who is dead; e. g. Scipionis; C. Lcel. 3) : he made us bitterly r. his prudential wisdom, prudentias suae triste nobis desiderium reliquit. / r. town, desiderium me tenet urbis (C). REGULAR, || Well arranged, compositus; bene et ratione dispositus. || Lawful, correct, Justus, legitimus. Jn. Justus et legitimus. || Bound by a religious vow, *religiosae vitas legibus adstrictus. regularis (Eccl. t. t.). || Well formed, omnibus membris aequalis et congruens. — bene flguratus (aft. Vitr. 3, 1, 1). || Constant, constans. || (Of troops) of the line, pi. (*milites) discipline militari assue- facti (aft. Cces. B. G. 4, 1). — *milites legionarii (with the ancients; opp. velites, i. e. light troops). \\Formal, set, complete, solemn is (festive, solemn). — verus (true, real). — Justus (due, proper, as it ought to be). — legitimus (conformable to law). A r. will, testa- mentum nuncupatum (made before witnesses): a r. engagement, prcelium justum : to meet in r. engage- ment, prcelio justo congredi cum qo. acie concurrere, congredi, conflipere, decernere, dimicare. REGULARITY, ordo («"hc Arrangement)— constantia (quality of not changing).— apta membrorum compo- site (regular adjustment of the parts of the body). REGULARLY, || According to rule, ordine (in order).— constanter (without variation ; e. g. cursus suos servare, of the planeU). — ad regulam (to a rule ; e. g. exaequare or dirigere qd ; also ad iiormam dirigere qd, e. g. vitain; these however are seld. used absol. without a gen., though Q. has ad legem ac regulam compositus, 12, 10, 52, r., i. e. by line and rule). To increase and decrease r., statis auctibus ac diminu- tionibus crescere decrescereque (Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 2) : r. formed, bene figuratus. \\ Rightly, correctly / vid. REGULATE, || To adjust, adapt, qd ad regulam exaequare. qd ad regulam or normam dirigere (e. g. vitam). Tor. oneself by athg, se accommodare, fingers . REG or formare ad qd; by aby, cs rationem habere (to r. one's movements or actions according to those of another person). — ad cs voluntatem se conformare. ad cs ar- bitrium et nutum se fingere (to r. oneself by the will and fancies of others) : to r. oneself entirely by the will, §c, totum se fingere et accommodare ad cs arbitrium et nutum; se totum ad cs nutum et voluntatem con- vertere : to r. one's conduct by athg, cs rei rationem habere, qd spectare (to take into consideration, to re- gard).— ci rei obsequi (to r. one's mode of acting accord- ing to athg). — qd sequi (to take athg as a pattern or model) : to r. oneself by the times, or by the circumstances of the times, tempori or temporibus servire or inservire : to r. oneself by time and circumstances, tempori et rebus servire : to r. one thing by another, accommodare qd ci rei or ad rem (e. g. sumptus peregrinationis ad mercedes ; suum consilium ad consilium alterius). — dirigere qd ad rem (to r., e. g. to r. one's mode of living by a certain law, vitam ad certain normam ; one's opinion by the will of another person, sententiam suam ad voluntatem alterius) : to r. one's (mercantile) deal- ings according to the times, negotia cum tempore com- metiri. \\ To arrange, ordinare. constituere. com- ponere. See Arrange. REGULATION, || Act of regulating, ordinatio. dispositio. constitutio. institutio. || Order, ordo. ratio. || Rule, praeceptum. institutum. lex. These are excellent r.'s, haec optime instituta or instructa sunt. REGULATOR, \\One who regulates, Crcl. by the verbs. || A part of a watch, *machinatio, qua horae tardius aut celerius moventur (aft. C. N. D. 2, 38, 97). REHEARSAL, || Relation, narratio. commemo- ratio. || Previous practice, meditatio (the pre- paratory study or practice ; e. g. of a gladiator, C. Tusc. 2, 1 7, 41). S$gp° Praeexercitamentum is an attempt of Priscian's(YZ29, P.) to translate the Gr. npoyvpvaaima. R. of a play, *fabulae agendas periculum. REHEARSE, || To relate, narrare. commemo- rare. pronuntiare. H To practise beforehand (of actors), meditari (jueAe-rai/).— To r. a play, *fabulae agendas periculum I'acere. *praeludere fabulae : (of mu- sicians,) *praeludere concentui. REIGN, s. regnum (unlimited power in a country, esply that of a monarch ; at Rome, after the expulsion of the kings, it denoted despotic rule). — imperium (the supreme authority of any commander ; at Rome, in the time of the emperors, it denoted their r. ; over aby, in qm). — dominatio. dominatus (with ref. to the uncon- ditional subjection of those over whom the authority ex- tended). To begin his r., diadema accipere. imperium inire or auspicari ( post- Aug.).— regnare ccepisse: in aby's r., qo imperante or reghante. qo imperatore or rege : at the beginning of his r., inter initia regni: in the first year of his r., eo, quo regnare primum ccepit, anno : shortly before the r. of Dionysius, paulo ante, quam regnare coepit Dionysius : the first year of aby's r., primus imperii dies ; of my r., dies imperii mei. REIGN", v. j| Propr.) imperium tenere, imperare (g. t., to be a sovereign or ruler) — summs rerum prae- esse (L.). sedere ad clavum, ad gubernacula (to be at the head of affairs. — ggp Avoid regere without an ob- ject). — regnare (esply as a despotic prince). To r. over aby, ci imperare. imperium or dominationem habere in qm: over a country, imperium cs terrae obtinere V$*f dominari in qm = to tyrannize over him) : the reigning prince, qui nunc praeest civitati; qui nunc est in magistratu: the reigning family, regum domus (domus regnatrix, T. Ann. 1, 4). tf Impropr.) See Rule. REIMBURSE, rependere (C ). remunerare ci qd (e. g. pecuniam or aurum ci, Ter., Plant.).— reddere ad assem ci impensum. To r. himself, impensam (or -as) cs rei reficere. REIMBURSEMENT, Crcl. with the verbs. To undertake a new war for the r. of his expenses in the former one, impensas belli alio bello reficere (Just.). REIN, s. habena. lorum (frenum, usually pi. freni, or frena, bridle). To give the r.'s, habenam remittere {prop, and fig.); frenos dare (prop, and fig.; C): to draw in or tighten the r.'s, habenam adducere (prop, andfig.). REIN, v. || Prop.) frenare, infrenare equum. frenos equo injicere (to put on the r.'s). To r. up, habe- nam adducere. || Fig.) frenare. refrenare. coeicere. continere. comprimere. reprimere ; e. g. refrenare, coercere or reprimere cupiditates (libidines). moderari cupiditatibus. frangere cupiditates. 152 REL REINDEER, *tarandus (Linn.), fl (As a constella- tion), rangifer (t. t.). REINFORCE, firmare. majoribus copiis firmare. exercitum confirmare (C), augere (Fell.), incremento novare (Curt. 5, 1, 39). To r. one's army, majorem manum arcessere. novis opibus copiisque se renovare (C). novis peditum et equitum copiis sese firmare (T. Ann. 2, 65). See To Recruit. REINFORCEMENT, || Act of reinforcing, confirmatio ; usually by the verb. || Fresh supply of troops, incrementum. supplementum ; also aux- ilia. subsidia (pi. / C). To send a r., mittere ci sub- sidium, or milites subsidio mittere ci. integros milites submittere defessis (in action). REINS, renes, urn, pi. REINSTATE, restituere (to restore).— qd in suo loco reponere (to put a thing into its former place). To r. a king, in regnum restituere or reducere. regem re- ducere (of another prince or general who takes him back and restores him). — qm in regnum reducere : to r. aby in aby's favour, reducere qm in gratiam cum qo. REINSTATEMENT, Crcl. by the verbs ; restitutio in integrum (JCt.). Ambassadors came fm Porsena to negotiate the r. of Tarquinius, legati a Porsena de reducendo in regnum Tarquinio venerunt. REITERATE. See To Repeat. REITERATION. See Repetition. REJECT, (a se) rejicere. improbare. reprobare (to disapprove). — repudiare (to be ashamed of). — respuere (to repel with disgust). — spernere. aspernari (with con- tempt). — Jn. a se rejicere et aspernari. — J^p° abdicare rem chiefly in Plin. To r. entirely, omnino non probare ; funditus repudiare : to r. advice, consilium improbare, reprobare, or repudiare : to r. an opinion, sententiam aspernari or contemneie: to r. the terms, conditionem repudiare or respuere. REJECTION, rejectio (v. pr., e. g., of judges).— improbatio {disapproval o/).— repudiatio (with shame). — aspernatio (with disdain); or by the verb. REJOICE, || Intrans.) gaudere. laetari (to be glad ; see Joy). — gestire (to show joy by outward gestures). — subridere (to smile). To r. at athg, gaudere, laetari qa. re, de or in qa, re (the latter construction when the joy is represented as lasting : the construction with the ace. almost entirely limited to pronouns in the neuter). — de- lectari qa re (to delight in athg) : to rejoice very much, gaudere vehementerque laetari. non mediocrem volup- tatem animo capere; (in a thing) magnam lastitiam, voluptatem, capere (or percipere) ex re. magnae leetitias mihi est qd. qa re gaudio exsultare (to leap or jump for joy): to r. secretly, secum taciturn gaudere: to r. with- in oneself, in sinu gaudere (of malicious joy) : to r. un- speakably, incredibiliter gaudere : my heart r.'s, im- pendio mihi animus gaudet (Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 39) : to r. with any one, una, gaudere. gaudio cs gaudere (railur poetic ; T. Andr. 5, 5, 8, and Cccl. up. C. Ep. 8, 2, 1). || Trans.) gaudio afficere. See Delight, v. REJOICING, laetatio. gaudium. laetitia (joy). S<.e Joy. REJOIN, || To join again, by verbs in Join, with iterum or rursus. || To answer to a reply, ex- cipere qm or cs sermonem (to speak immediately after another person). — ci respondere (to respond, to answer in general). He rejoined, inquit (following the quota- tion of what the person responded). REJOINDER, responsio. responsum (g. t.).—de- fensio. excusatio. purgatio (answer to a charge). — ♦re- sponsio altera (on the part of the defendant with regard to the accusation of the plaintiff, if couched in writing, according to Roman civil law). REKINDLE, Propr.) ignem languentem excitare (V.Moret. 12, cf. Ccbs. B. G. 7, 24).— ignem exstinc- tum suscitare (aft. O. A . A. 3, 597).— sopitos ignes suscitare (V., O.). — invalidas flammas admoto fomite excitare (Lucan). || Impropr.) iterum excitare in- cendium (exc. incend. impropr. C. Phil. 7, 1, 3). — refovere (e. g. studia prope exstincta, Plin.; studia partium, Suet. ; post- Aug. in this sense). — rursus qd, quod jam exstinctum erat, incendere (e. g. odia populi in nos, C. Att. 1, 9, 3). To r. a war, belli reliquias restaurare et renovare (C). RELAPSE, v. recidere (g. t.). See also 'To have a Relapse.' RELAPSE, s. morbus recidivus (Cels.); febris re- cidiva (in a fever) ; also recidlva only (Cels. 3, 4). — nova» tentationes morbi (upp. vetus morbus (C. Att. 10, 17, 2). To have a r„ in eundem morbum recYdere; a severe r., in graviorem morbum recidere : lest there be a r., ne febris reefdat: to fear a r., recidivam timere. RELATE, || To narrate, narrare ci qd or de qa ItEL re (to describe and tell of). — referre (to inform, report ; whether by word of mouth or in writing; v. pr. of chronicles, annals, fyc). — memorare, commemorare (to mention). — prodere, with or without memorise ; posteris tradere; scriptura relinquere (to hand down to pos- tei ity ; of historians). — cs rei auctorem esse (to declare a thing, and more or less to pledge oneself for its truth). — exponere. explicare (to expound; opp. summas tantum attingere). — enarrare (to r. in order, and with all the circumstances). — persequi (to go through athg, to r. it thoroughly). — garrire (to chatter of athg ; e. g. fabellas, H. Sat. 2, 6, 77, sq.): tor. at length, pluribus verbis exponere : to r. in due order, rem ordine enarrare : to r. diffusely, rem paullo altius repetere. To r. the pro- gress of a thing, cuncta, ut sunt acta, exponere ; enar- rare ci rem, quo pacto se habeat. A thing is related in two different ways, de qa re duplex memoria est (of traditions) or duplex fama est (of rumours). The event is related (traditionally) in different ways, variatur memoria actae rei : they r. (as a phrase; parenthetical), traditur, fertur. I cannot suffer this to be related, ab- honet qd ab aurium approbatione. || To have re- ference to, spectare ad qd; referri, referendum esse, ad qd : this r.'s to me, hoc ad me attinet. II ELATED, || Prop.) propinquus ci \of near rela- tionship in general). — necessarius (connected by ties of office, %c. ; sometimes used with regard to distant relationship). — cognatus (r. on the father's or mother's side). — agnacus (on the father's side). — affinis (by mar- riage). — consanguineus, consanguinitate proprius (r. by blood, esply of brothers and sisters by the same mother). — consobrlnus (of the same mother's children). — sobrinus (of cousins). — gentHis (of the same clan). To be r. to aby. ci propinquum esse ; ci or cum qo propinquitate conjuncium esse (in general). — cognatione qm contin- gere or cum qo conjunctum esse (on the father's or the mother's side).— affinitate, or affinitatis vinculis, cum qo conjunctum esse (by marriage). — consanguinitate ci propinquum esse; sanguinis vinculo ci, or cum qo, conjunctum esse (by blood). To be distantly r. to aby, qm longinqua cognatione contingere : to be not at all r. to aby, nullo gradu cs domum attingere. || Fig.) pro- pinquus, finitimus, vicinus, ci or ci rei. Jn. propinquus et finitimus ; vicinus et finitimus. All the arts are r. to each other, omnes artes quasi cognatione qa inter se continentur. Not to be r. to each other ; see ' to have no Relationship.' RELATER, narrator, auctor, rerum gestarum pro- nunciator (esply of historians; auctor so far as the narrator serves as a voucher). — fabulator( for the amuse- ment of Ike hearers ; see Suet. Oct. 78). RELATION, \\ A narration, narratio (the act, or the thing). — relatio (notice in chronicles, fyc. ^^ of the silv. age). — memoria (handed down).— fabella (a tale). Or by the verb. \\ A relative, propinquus, &c. ; see Related : a near r., avta propinquitate, or pro- pinqua cognatione conjunctus : a distant r., longinqua cognatione qm contingens : r.'s, propinqui; genere proximi; necessarii, &c. || Reference, ratio: in r. to, ad. super, quod attinet ad. || Intercourse, com- mercium : friendly r.'s, gratia. RELATIONSHIP, || Prop.) propinquitas. propin- quitatis vinculum, necessitudo. cognatio. agnatio. affinitas. affinitatis vinculum, consanguinitas. con- 8anguinitatis vinculum, sanguinis vinculum [Syn. in Related]. To have r., i. e. to be related, see Re- lated. || Fig.) i. e. nearness, resemblance, cognatio ; conjunctio : to have r. to, cognationem habere cum qa re; propinquum, finitimum, or propinquum et finiti- mum, esse cs rei. est quaedam inter has res cognatio (Q.). To have no r., non habere qam necessitudinem aut cognationem cum qa re (CO- RELATIVE, adj. || (In grammar), relativus (e. g. pronomen, Gramm.).— quod ad alterum qd refertur.— quod sibialiud qd assumit (wch implies and has ref. to something else; opp. quod simpliciter et ex sua vi consideratur, C. de Invent. 2, 33, 102). || (In philo- sophical language), by Crcl. ($$0" in this sense re- lativus and relative are not Latin) ; e. g. all these are r. ideas, with respect to length or shortness, omnia ista ut cuique data sunt pro rata parte, ita longa aut brevia noniinantur (C. Tusc. 1, 39, 94). RELATIVE, s. See Relation, Related. RELATIVELY, habita ratione cs rei; or Crcl. by illud spectare, illius rei rationem habere. Not abso- lutely but r., *non simpliciter et ex vi sua sed alia qa re assumpta, or alius rei ratione habita. RELAX, || Trans.) laxare. relaxare. remittere (prop, and fig.). — mollire, emollire (to soften). — fran- gere ; languorem afferre ci (to render \mentally\ dull) : 153 REL ' v to r. the body and mind, i. e. to wealcen, frangere vires animi, corporis : to r. the mind, debilitare animum : to r. the mind and body, mentis et corporis nervos fran- gere : to be relaxed by athg, qd languorem affert mihi : to r. the mind, i. e. to refresh, animum remittere or relaxare: to r. military discipline, disciplinam mili- tarem resolvere. || Intrans.) laxari, relaxari, remitti. languescere, elanguescere, relanguescere (to become dull, feeble, fyc). — flaccessere (to become loose, of sails ; then fig. of speech). See also Abate. RELAXATION, || Refreshment of mind, re- laxatio or remissio animi. See also Recreation. || Weakness, debilitas (of mind). — languor (of body). RELAXED, laxus (opp. astrictus, artus). — remissus (opp. adductus, contentus). — flaccidus (opp. rigidus). — languens, languidus (languid). RELAY, equi recentes. To provide or appoint r.'s, equos recentes per vias disponere (see Suet. Oct. 49); commeatus per oppida et pagos disponere (see Suet. Tib. 38). RELEASE, v. exonerare qa" re (fm a burden, weight). levare, liberare qm qa re (to free fm athg). — demere ci qd (to relieve fm athg; as, fm fear, #c). To r. fm bonds, e vinculis qm eximere ; vinculis qm liberare : to r. aby fm fear, exonerare qm metu ; metum qo demere. RELEASE, s. || Dismission fm confinement, %c, liberatio. See Discharge. |j Discharge for money received, apocha. See Receipt. RELENT, molliri. leniri. mitigari. animo flecti atque frangi; se molliri or mitigari pati; residit ira cs. RELENTLESS, durus. cxudelis. saevus. atrox. [Syn. in Cruel.] RELIANCE, fiducia.— fides (faith in aby's inte- grity). — spes firma or certa (firm hope) : r. on oneself, fiducia (sui). fidentia (boldness). — confidentia (a blind trust; esply in one's own strength). — audacia (boldness). To have or place one's r. in aby, fidere or ccnfidere ci and ci rei ; fretum esse qo or qa re (to rely upon athg). fiduciam habere cs rei (to have r. in athg) : to have r. on oneself, fiduciam in se collocare : to place too muck r. on oneself, nimis sibi confidere : to place one's whole r. in aby, se totum ci committere : fm r. in myself, yourself, fiducia mea, tua; fm r. in athg, qa re fretus (objec- tively; as being protected by it) or confisus (subjectively, as trusting in it, and so makipg oneself easy, DM.). To place r. in oneself, sibi confidere; (great r.), multum in se fiduciae certa cum spe collooare : to place no r. in a person, ci diffider*. RELIC, \\That wchis left, or remains of athg, reliquum ; pi. reliqua or reliquiae (also Crcl. quod super- est or restat or reliquum est; e. g. quod membrorum reliquum est). \\Body deserted by the soul. corpus. || That wch is kept in memory of another, prps monumentum. See also Remainder, Remain. RELICT. See Widow. RELIEF, || Alleviation, levatio. allevatio. miti- gatio (as act or thing ; r. administered). — levamen, levamentum, allevamentum (as thing; r. received). — laxamentum (some remission that falls to one's lot). delenimentum (not C. or Ctss.). — medicina cs rei (remedy for it). — fomentum (a soothing application ; fomenta dolorum, C). To cause or bring with it some r., habere levationem cs rei (e. g. aegritudinum); leva- tioni or levamento esse : to find or seek for some r., levationem in venire ci rei (e. g. doloribus). || (In military language), *obsidionis liberatio (fm blockade). — auxilium, subsidium (help, succour). To c ome to the r. of, auxilio venire ; subsidio proficisci (l8*£Fnot suppetias ferre, ire, proficisci, venire, ad- venire, accurrere, in the best writers). 2) Troops wch come for succour, auxilia, orum, n.; auxilia subsidiaria, orum, n. ; subsidiae : to send r., mit- tere, submittere, auxilium. || (In a painting), sublimitas (in pictura, Plin.). eminentia (C). as- peritas. See Contrast. \\ Relievo, opus caelatum, caelatura (but prps this is = chasing).— toreuma (toreu- tice seems to have been the art of working in r, properly so called) : a work in r., anaglyphum ; in bas-r., pro- typum; in full r., ectypum. RELIEVE, || To alleviate, lenire (to soften; to make less painful or disagreeable ; e. g. dolores, mise- riam, aegritudinem). — mitigare (to make milder: iram, tristitiam, severitatem, dolorem, labores, febrem, &c). —mollire (to soften; iram, impetum). — levare, allevare (to lighten; partially remove: lev. luctum, metum, molestias, curam; also levare qm luctu, L.: allev. REL Bollicitudines, onus).— sublevare (poricula, offensionem, res adversas). — laxare (to lessen the tightness of athg that compresses : laborem, L.). — expedire. explicare {to render the performance of athg easier). — temperare (to temper by an admixture of an opposite feeling; e. g* hilaritatis or tristitiae modum, C). To r. aby's labour, partem laboris ci minuere : to r. in some degree, qa ex parte allevare : to r. hard work by relaxation, graviora opera lusibus jocisque distinguere: to r. fm pecuniary difficulties, diflicultate pecuniarum exuere. \\To take the place of another at a post of duty, 8>c, subire ci or qm, with or without per vices ; succedere ci or in cs locum {to succeed in office). To r. wearied troops by fresh ones, milites integros submittere defatigatis ; defatigatis integri et receutes succedunt : to r. soldiers on guard, vices stationum permutare (Curt. 8, 6, 11. j§||P° vices variare, V. JEn. 9, 164, is prps only poetic). The guards r. each other, succedunt alii in stationem aliorum. RELIEVO. See Relief. RELIGION, religio {in its widest sense; reverence for every thing sacred, and any manifestation of this feeling). — pietas erga Deum (the fear of God). — res divinae (things divine or sacred, g. t.). — religiones (the course of religious observances). — caerimonia, caerimoniae (sacred rites). — sacra, pi. (religious worship). — lex (the law or doctrine of a r. ; as lex Christiana, the Christian r.). A man of no r., homo impius erga Deum; reli- gionis contemptor ; religionum omnium contemptor; religionum negligens: not to be without a sense of r., haud intacti religione animi esse : the r. of a country, cultus deorum ab omnibus fere civibus susceptus (aft. C. de Legg. 1, 23, 60). — sacra publica, orum, n. (g. t. the public service of God ; opp. sacra privata).— formula, doctrina, ratio rerum divinarum or sacrorum (a system of r. or religious doctrine; e. g. the Romish r., sacra Pontiricia, pi.): to adopt a r., sacra (e. g. Romana) suscipere : to embrace the Christian r., *sacra Christia- norum suscipere : to renounce one's r., *patria sacra deserere: a change of r., *sacracommutata; *sacrorum professio mutata. RELIGIONIST, «religionis studiosus (g. t.).— qui omnia quae ad cultum Dei pertinent diligenter tractat (a careful observer of religious rites and duties; aft. C. N. D. 2, 28, 72). — homo religione nimius (excessive in religious observances ; aft. T. Hist. 1, 35, 2). — *pieUtis erga Deum aemulator (in a bad sense, a hypocrite). A cor., sacris conjunctus cum qo (aft. C). RELIGIOUS, || Influenced by religion, reli- giosus. pius. sanctus. Jn. sanctus piusque ; religiosus sanctusque; sanctus et religiosus [Syn. in Pious]. |! Relating to religion, ad religionem, ad sacra, attinens ; de rebus sacris or divinis : a r. book, *liber praecepta de rebus divinis continens ; *liber, qui est de rebus sacris : r. zeal, *studium religionis, pietatis : r. liberty, *libera quo ritu velis Deum colendi potestas ; *sacra omnia libera, n. pi. : a r. peace, *pax de reli- gionibus conventa (not pax religiosa) : a r. ceremony, ritus sacer ; caerimonia : a r. war, bellum pro reli- gionibus suis susceptum (aft. C. Font. 9, 20). A r. teacher, *qui trariit praecepta, decreta, doctrinae sacrae : a r. opinion, sententia, opinio, ad res sacras, divinas, attinens : a r. party, *religionis (or legis, e. g. Chris- tianae) studiosi : founder of a r. party, conditor sacri (see L. 39, 17, § 7): a r. matter or question, *res ad religionem, ad sacra, attinens, spectans: a r. system, *sacrorum ratio, formula; or, in a wider sense, *sa- crarum casrimoniarum et institutionum divinarum complexus. A r. custom or practice, *usus sacrorum, pi. ; quae ad cultum dei (deorum) attinent : r. instruc- tion, *institutio religionis ; *institutio ad religionem, ad res sacras, spectans. To give r. instruction in a school, *praecepta legis, religionis Christianae in schola tradere ; *praeceptis doctrinae Christianas in- stituere discipulos : a r. constitution, *instituta ad res sacras or divinas pertinentia, spectantia: r. truth, *sacrorum, doctrinae sacrae Veritas : a r. truth, *prae- ceptum, decretum, sacrum: r. despotism, "sacrorum jus imminutum, negatum ; to exercise it, *dominari velle in sacris : r. toleration or moderation, "animus aliorum de rebus divinis opiniones Jeniter ferens. || Belonging to an order of monks, fyc, *ordini religioso, sacro, addictus. RELIGIOUSLY, \\ Piously, religiose, pie. sancte [Syn. in Pious]. || Strictly, carefully, vid. RELINQUISH, relinquere (to leave behind in any way, whether deliberately or not). — derelinquere (to abandon it deliberately, and care no more about it). — deserere (to abandon what one ought not to give up). — dimittere (to give up ivhat one cannot retain ; a property, 154 REM one's freedom, aright, a man's acquaintance). — abjicere. deponere (what one does not find it good or profitable to retain; a plan, intention, opinion, friendship, hatred, hope). — desistere qa re or de qa re (implies a sudden change of intention). — omittere (to give up; let a thing go; a contest, wrath, sorrow, fear, apian, an opportu- nity). — destituere (to desert one in need, just when our assistance is expected). — Jn. relinquere et deserere ; deserere et relinquere ; destituere et relinquere. — To r. a cause, affligere causam susceptam (abandon and so ruin it) ; causam cs deponere ; a causa cs recedere. RELIQUARY, *theca reliquiarum sactarum. RELISH, v. || Trans.) To give a flavour, sa- porem admiscere; with athg, qd condire qa re. || To enjoy a flavour, fyc, sapere (prop, and fig.): tor. one's food, libenter cibum sumere. || Intrans) sapere, resipere : to r. well or badly, jucundo or ingrato esse sapore ; jucunde, male, sapere : to r. one's food, libenter ccenare. RELISH, gustus, us. sapor (both used either actively or passively ; but more frequently gustus act. taste for a thing, sapor, pass, flavour, savour). He has no r. for food, abest desiderium cibi potusque; aspernatur cibum potumque. RELUCTANCE, animus alienus, aversus, ab qa re. stomachus. RELUCTANT, invitus. invito animo: to be r., animus abhorret ab qa re; odium me tenet cs rei; aspernari. aegre ferre qm rem. RELUCTANTLY, aegre. animo invito, averso, alieno. RELY ON, fidere or confidere ci or ci rei or qa re (to place one's confidence in ahy or athg). — fretum esse qo or qa re (to trust in, depend upon). — niti qa re (to lean upon). — fiduciam habere cs rei (to have confidence in athg). — credere, fidem habere or tribuere or adjungere (to put faith in; all four without distinction ; 6te C. de Divin. 2, 55, 113. 2, 59, 122): not to r. upon aby, ci paxum fidere; ci fidem non habere; ci parvam fidem habere; ci diffidere : relying on, fretus qa ie ; nixus qa re (trusting in athg, leaning on it).— ferox qa re (relying presumptuously, e. g. ex parte virium). REMAIN, || To continue to be, to last, en- dure, manere, permanere. durare (to endure). — stare (to stand). As long as the remembrance of Roman affairs shall r., dum memoria rerum Romanarum manebit : to r. for whole ages, durare per saecula. See also Continue, intrans.) || To continue to be in a certain slate, or to have certain proper- ties, manere. permanere. I am and r. thy friend, *et sum et ero semper tibi amicus; *me semper tui stu- diosum habebis : to r. lying, non surgere (not to rise) : to remain unmovedble, immobilem manere (prop.); immobilem se ostendere (T., fig.); moveri or flecti non posse (not to suffer his determination to be shaken) : to r. alive, in vita manere or remanere : to r. safe and sound, salvum atque incolumem con- servari : to r. in one's habit or custom, in consuetu- dine perseverare ; institutum suum tenere (opp. a consuetudine declinafe). To r. firm to one's purpose, in proposito persistere or perseverare (opp. declinare or degredi a proposito). To r. true to ones promise, pro- missis stare : to r. unhurt, nihil mali nancisci : to r. silent, tacere; taciturn teneri: let that r. as a secret between us, haec tu tecum habeto ; haec tu tibi solum dicta puta ; secreto hoc audi, tecumque habeto ; haec tibiinaurem dixerim; haec lapidi dixerim (^°sub rosa tibi hoc dixerim is not Latin): it r.'s, manet. Tiberius remained unmoved by those speeches, immo- tum adversus eos sermones fixumque Tiberio fuit (followed by an infin., T. Ann. 1, 47, init.). || To continue in a place, manere; morari, commorari (to tarry). — sustinere se in qo loco (to stay any where because it is dangerous to proceed ; or waiting for intelli- gence ; seeC.Att. 10, 2, init.). — consistere (to make a halt). — considere (to lie any where; esply of ships after a voyage): to r. the night any where, manere (e. g. extra domum, inter vicos or inter vias ; see Suet. Oct. 39). — pernoctare (e. g. apud qm, in publico) : to r. in bed, se continere in lectulo: to r. in the camp, castris se tenere (of all who are there); in castris subsidere (of some, while others go away). Remain a little longer, mane paullisper : to invite one (who is about to go away) to r., invitatione familiari retinere qm : to r. at a distance fm aby (i. e. to avoid his society), cs aditum sermonem- que defugere. Hence fig. \\ Not to come at the time when one is expected, to remain behind, morari (to stay away too long).— cunctari (to delay). — non venire (not to come). || To be over and above, manere. reliquum esse, relinqui (to be left). — superesse REM (to be over) — superstitem esse (to have survived?). — *tria si subduxeris a tribus (or tria de tribus detracta) nihil faciunt reliqui (nothing r.'s). REMAINDER, reliquum. reliqua, pi. ; quod re- stat. ; pi., quae restant. quod reliquum restat (Plant.); quod reliquum est cs rei (C); residuum (C, Suet.); residua (pJ., e. g. residuum cibariorum ; residua vecti- gaiia). The r. of the money, pecunia residua : all the r., quicquid reliquum est or reliquum restat. REMAINS, reliquia? (the r«?s<). — fragmenta, pi.; ruinas (fragments, ruins). Mortal r.'s, cadaver, quod membrorum reliquum est. REMAKE, iterum facere. See also Restore. REMAND, remittere (to send back). — comperendi- nare (e. g. reum ; to call on him to appear again on the third day). Sts ampiius dicere (i. e. to adjourn the cause). REMANDING, comperendinatio. REMARK, s. notatio (a marking down). — annotatio (critical; post-Aug.).— dictum (a short or well known saying or observation: sts omitted, e. g. prasclarum illud Platonis, the celebrated r. of Plato).— scholion (an explanation, note, for learners; in Greek, C. Att. 16, 7, 3). — nota (the Censor's mark of disapprobation. S^ggT Moderns use this word incorrectly ; as also admonitio and animadversio, instead of annotatio). A sh-rt r., annotatiuncula (Gell. 19, 7, 12) : explanatory (gram- matical) r.'s, commentaria (Gell. 2, 6, in.): r.'s on language, observationes sermonis (Suet. Gramm. 24) : a severe r., nota censoriae severitatis; animadversio. To escape unpleasant r.'s, effugere animadversionem (e. g. neque enim effugere animadversionem possemus, si semper iisdem pedibus uteremur, C). To make severe r.'s on athg, notare qd; reprehendere etexagitare qd : on aby, notare ac vituperare qm. I made this r. amongst others, turn multa. turn etiam hoc dixi. REMARK, v. || To observe, note, animadver- tere. observare. notare qd. || To express in words, notare. denotare. observare. dicere. ^^° not monere. REMARKABLE, notabilis. memorabilis. com- memorabilis. in aperto positus (conspicuous, attracting observation).— distinctus et notatus, for athg, qa re (distinguished). — conspicuus (striking) : very r., in- signis; insignitus: to render r., conspicuum facere; in lucem proferre : a r thing or circumstance, res insignis (something notable) ; res memoratu or historia. digna (a circumstance worth mentioning or recording) ; res memoria digna (worthy of record): r. things, ea qua? visenda sunt (C. Verr. 4, 59, 132): r. sayings or ac- tions, dicta factaque cs. Too r., ad reprehensionem (T.) or in pejus (Q.) notabilis. REMARKABLY, notabiliter (Plin. Ep.). insigniter; manifesto (C). significanter (Q.). REMEDIABLE, sanabilis ; quod sanari potest. t-j3P° medicabilis is poet., curabilis is not Latin in this sense. REMEDILESS, insanabilis (propr. of things ; e. g. diseases, wounds. g^° immedicabilis poet.). — irreme- dia»ilis (post-Aug. and Plin.).— quod, curationem non recipit (Cels.). REMEDY, s. remedium (prop, and fig.). — mediclna (prop, and fig.). — medicamentum (prop.). — antidotum (an antidote). To apply a r. to a disease, morbo m-di- einam adhibere : to seek a r. for athg, medicinam ci rei quasrere (prop, and fig.). To find a r., auxilium (or inedieinam) reperire, or remedium invenire, ci rei ; res adversus qd pra;senti remedio est (is a quick r.); si peritus sit, qui laborat, nisi temeraria quoque via fuerit adjutus satius est anceps auxilium experiri quam nullum (Cels. 2, 10; desperate remedies must be ined in desperate cases). REMEDY, v. mederi ci or ci rei (prop, and fig.). — sanare or sanum facere qm or qd (to make a person or thing sound or whole, prop, and fig.). See also Cure, v. remedio esse, athg, ad qd (to serve as means agst athg; of medicine). — utilem esse, athg, contra qd, ci rei (to be useful or serviceable ; of medicine and other things).— prodesse, athg, adversus qd, ci rei (to be good for athg ; of medicine and other things). — salutarem esse, athg, ad qd (to be wholesome ; of medicines and other things). — posse ad qd (to operate in or agst athg ; e. g. ad morsus serpentum).— valere adversus qd, eflicacem esse contra qd (to be good or effectual agst athg) : tor. a want of provisions, rei frunientarise mederi; rem frutnentariam expedire. To r. quickly and effectually (of a medi- cine), res adversus qd praesenti remedio est. To dis- cover how to r. a thing, auxilium reperire or remedium invenire ci rei : that cannot be remedied, insanabilis (k-^i'iime'licabilis *» poet.). REMEMBER, meminisse. commeminisse. remi- 155 REM nisei, recordari (with this difference, that meminisse, pepvnaOat, is, to know athg without having forgotten it; reminisci, avaptpvija-Keiv, to r. a thing wch had escaped the memory ; recordari, et/Ovise'icrOai, to call athg up in one's mind, and to dwell upon it. (fc^ST Meminisse and recordari are folloived by a gen., an ace, or by de; reminisci only by a gen. or ace. : meminisse gene- rally takes the infin. of the present, the speaker placing himself as it were at the time of the occurrence, and describing it as going on; the perf. however is also found, when a fact is to be represented as completed, or simply a result stated. Thus, meministis me ita initio distribuisse tausam, C. Rose. Am. 42, they were to r., not how he distributed it, but the simple fact that he did so distribute it. The present is however the prevailing usage; cf. Kriiger. 473. Obs. 3. Haase ad Reisig, Obs. 452). — Jn. reminisci et recordari. memoria tenere (to bear in mind, e. g. plures turres de ccelo esse percussas, C). To r. athg, memoriam cs rei tenere or habere ; memorem or haud immemorem esse cs rei (= meminisse); memoriam cs rei repe- tere, revocare, renovare, redintegrare. memoria re- petere qd (ggp° Cicero rarely says simply repetere qd); subit animum cs rei memoria; res mihi redit in memoriam ; venit mihi in mentem res, cs rei, de re (all = reminisci). I cannot r. a thing, memoria qd excessit, delapsum est; e memoria qd mihi exiit, excidit; ex animo qd effluxit; fugit or refugit qd meam memoriam : not to desire to r. a thing (purposely), nullam cs rei adhibere memoriam (Np. Epam. 7, 2). To r. well, very well, bene, praeclare meminisse : to r. a person or thing with gratitude, grato animo cs nomen prosequi ; gratissimam cs memoriam retinere ; grata memoria prosequi qd : to r. with affec- tion and kindness, memoriam cs cum caritate et bene- volentia usurpare : to r. athg with pleasure, recorda- tion cs rei frui (C. Lai. 4, 15). I will always r. a person or thing, numquam ex animo cs or cs rei dis- cedet memoria; cs or cs rei memoriam nulla umquam delebit oblivio ; semper memoria cs rei meis erit infixa mentibus : I r. having read, memini me legere: as far as I r., ut mea memoria est ; quantum memini; nisi animus or memoria me fallit. REMEMBRANCE, memoria. recordatio (the former = memory ; the latter, recollection). — Jn. recordatio et me- moria. A constant, perpetual r., memoria sempiterna, aeterna, or immortalis ; memoria diuturna: a fresh r., memoria recens : to keep in r., memoria custodire, tenere qd ; memoriam cs rei servare, conservare, reti- nere (of athg) ; memoriam cs colere (of a person) : to retain a grateful r. of aby, gratissimam cs memoriam retinere : to keep athg fresh in r., recemi memoria tenere qd: to have or keep athg always in r., immortali memoria retinere qd : to keep a person always in r., aeternam or sempitemam cs memoriam servare : he will every where be had in everlasting r., in omnium gentium sermonibus ac mentibus semper haerebit, numquam ulla de eo obmutescet vetustas : to bring athg again into r., to renew the r. of a thing, memoriam cs rei revocare, renovare, redintegrare, repra.-sentare : to destroy the r. of athg, tollere memoriam cs rei ; qd e memoria evellere: to erect a statue in r. of aby, laudis ut maneat memoria statuam ci ponere. See also Me- mory. REMEMBRANCER, monitor, admonitor. REMIND, monere.^dmonere. ci qd in memoriam redigere, reducere. qm irTmemoriam cs rei reducere. qm in memoriam cs rei excitare. This r.'s me of Plato, haec res affert mihi memoriam Platonis : to r. one of a debt, qm appellare de nomine. REMINISCENCE, \\ Remembrance, vid. \\ A thing remembered, res, quae mihi in mentem venit. res, cujus memoria animum subit. REMISS, negligens. indiligens. incuriosus (negli- gent). — lentus. tardus (slow ).— remissus (inactive). To grow r. in one's studies, studia remittere (C). REMISSION, remissio (« remitting the payment of a tax, punishment). R. of taxes for three years, remissio tributi in triennium : to pray for r., remissionem petere : to pray for r. of past offences, veniam prae- teritorum precari : to obtain r. for past transgressions, impunitatem peccatorum assequi. REMlhSLY, negligf-nter. indiiigenter. incuriose. — lente. tarde. remisse (Col.). See the adj. REMISSNESS, negligentia. indiiigentia. incuria (negligence). — lentitudo. tarditas (slowness, sluggish- ness). REMIT, solvere, exsolvere. liberare qa re (to free fm an obligation).— remittere. condonare ci qd. gratiam cs rei facere ci (to r. the payment of money, a punish- REM ment, Sfc; gratiam facere, S. Cat. 52, 8; Jug. 104, 5. L. 3, 56, in.). — ignoscere ci rei or ci qmrem; cs rei veniara dare (to pardon for a fault). To r. a debt to aby, pecuniam creditam condonare or remittere ; creditum condonare ; debitum remittere ci : to r. taxes, vectigalia omittere ; tributa remittere: to r. a portion of the rent to aby, qm parte mercedis relevare : to r. nine parts of a fine, detraheremultae partes novem : tor. a punish- ment, poenam remittere; multam condonare; delicti, criminis gratiam facere : to r. sins, peccata or delicta ci ignoscere ; peccata ci concedere. \\T o send {money), (pecuniam) mittere ci or ad qm. REMITTANCE, || Money sent, *pecunia ci missa. REMNANT, reliquum. quod restat. See Remain- der. REMODEL, totum denuo fingere {propr. to begin to make it over again; aft. Plant. Most. 1, 2, 36). — fingere or formare in aliud {to make it into some other shape). — recoquere (melt it down again; then fig. = r., make neio; see Heind. H. Sat. 2, 5, 55. Q. 12, 6, 7).— commu- tare (to alter ; e. g. rempublicam).— immutare (to make a complete, change ; give athg quite a new shape, qd de institutes priorum). — novare (to make athg new, give it a new form; qd in legibus). — transngurare or transfor- mare (in qm or qd) : to r. a work, fyc., retractare (not denuo elaborare). || Remodelled, retractatior. — crebris locis inculcatus et refectus (of a literary work; both C). REMODELLING, transfiguratio. — - immutatio (change). REMONSTRANCE, admonitio. monitus. To make r.'s, see To Remonstrate : not to produce any im- pression by mild r.'s, leniter agendo nihil proficere : to bring back to allegiance by mild r.'s, oratione reconci- liare qm (e. g., a people; opp. ci reconciliare) : to listen to aby's r.'s, qm munentem audire; ci monenti ob- sequi. REMONSTRANT, *Arminianus. * dissentiens a formula Batavorum. REMONSTRATE, monere. admonere.— agere cum qo de qa re (to treat or speak with aby on any subject). To r. earnestly, diligenter qm monere ; agst his doing athg, ne &c. with subj. See also To Reprove. REMORA (a fish), *echineis remora (Linn.). REMORSE, conscientiae angor, sollicitudo. angor conscientiae fraudumque cruciatus. morsus, stimuli, cruciatus conscientiae (aft. C). To be stung with r., conscientiae angore et sollicitudine agitari, vexari (C.) ; conscientia exanimari (C.) ; conscientia maleficii (orum), sceleris (um), vitiorum, qm stimulat (C); conscientia scelerum agitatur animus cs (S.); excru- ciari conscientia delictorum, peccato-rum, scelerum ; conscientiae stimulis vexari, morderi (aft. C.) ; con- scientia ictum esse (L. 33, 28). REMORSELESS. See Cruel. REMOTE, amotus (removed). — disjunctus (sepa- rated, not in connexion with, prop, or fig.)- — remotus (that lies far off, or at a distance, prop, or fig-). — lon- ginquus (at a great distance).— ultimus (that lies or dwells at the extreme end; see Held. Cces. B. G. 3, 27) : to be r., distare ; abesse a (ab) &c. (with this difference, that distare, to stand or be apart, or asunder, gives the idea simply of the interval wch separates two objects ; but abesse, to be away, signifies either that the r. object went away fm another, or that the distance between the two is measured. Both are used of persons or of things ; and with an ace. of the distance).— alienum esse, ab- horrere a (ab) &c. (fig., to be strange to, not to have). — dissentire; dissidere; discrepare ab qo (not to agree with). To be far r. fm a person or thing, longe distare a loco ; longo intervallo or procul disjunctum esse a (ab) &c. : not far, parvo spatio disjunctum esse a (ab) &c. ; rather far, satis magno intervallo remotum esse a loco : a r. place, longinquus et reconditus locus ; latebra (a hiding place) : a r. part of a house, abdita pars aedium. REMOTENESS, longinquitas (C. Fam. 2, 9, in this sense). — distantia. Fm the r. of its situation, propter longinquitatem (CO- REMOVAL, ablegatio. amandatio (the sending a person away, in order to get rid of him). — relegatio (a banishing). — amotio (a putting away). — remotio (a re- moving, fm oneself). — abitus. discessus (a removing oneself, a going away; e. g., fm a company, #c). — abscessus (separation of persons, esply implying change of residence). Or by the verbs. REMOVE, s. \\Removal, vid. || Course of dishes, see Course. || Degree, gradus (e. g., of consanguinity). 156 HEN REMOVE, v. Trans.) Prop.) amovere. removere. abducere. deducere (to lead away; the latter usually followed by a (ab) or de with an abl. of the place whence). — ablegare (to send away in order to be quit of aby, under some pretext). — amandare. relegare (to banish the latter to a definite place ; both with the idea of the disgrace affecting the person sent away).— ainoliri (to r. a person or thing with pain or effort). — avertere (to turn away a thing unpleasant to the sense; see C. N. D. 2, 56, extr.). — subducere. submovere (to r. gra- dually and unobservedly). — depellere. repellere. pro- pulsare (to drive away by force ; fm a place, ex 1pc. Big. 13, 6, 5). REPLY, s. responsio. responsum (g. t ; the former in Q. a refutation ; the latter, also the answer of an oracle). — defensio. excusatio. purgatio (r. to a charge). — oraculum. sors oraculi (oracular response). — rescrip- turn (written r. of a prince: silv. age). A r. given to oneself to a question put by oneself (of an orator), sibi ipsi responsio, subjectio (av6vrrom fm business). — somnus (sleep). R. of mind, auimi tranquillitas. animus tranquillus. To find r. after one's troubles and toils, ex omnibus molesdis et labo- nbus corrjuiescere : to give aby a little r., qm respirare et conquiescere jubere : to allow aby three hours for r., ci tres boras ad quietem dare : a place of r., tranquillus aa qaietem iocus (prop.); portus otii, or portus only (fig.). See Rest EXPOSITORY, receptaculum (any place in which a thing can b? laid or kept) — cella. cellula (esply a store- room) — horreum (a wareroom, store, granary). — apotfieca (for wine).— penus (for victuals). — armarium (for clothes).— claustrum (for wild beasts). F.EPREHEND, reprehendere. vituperare. culpare. increpare. improbare. [Sin. and Constr. in Blame. J REPREHENSIBLE, reprebendendus. vituperabilis. vituperandus. reprehensione or vituperatione dignus (blameworthy. Six. of repreh. and vitup. under To Blame). Not to be r., a reprehensione abesse (not blarneable). — nihil in se habere, quod reprehendi possit (to be without fault). REPREHENSION, reprehensio (the censure wch tends to correct a committed fault, or to exhort for the future; opp. probatio). — vituperatio (the censure wch tends to exto rt a confession and produce repentance; opp. laus). — B§p° vituperium is spurious Latin, intro- duced (C. de Legg. 3, 10, 23) by ignorant copyists. To visit aby with r. on account of athg, reprehendere qm de qa re or in qa re. vituperare qm de qa re. objurgare qm de qa re, or in qa re, or qa. re. accusare qm de qa re or in qa re : to be visited with r., reprehendi. vituperari. in vituperationem venire, cadere, incidere or adduci. vituperationem subire. REPRESENT, || To depict or describe the form of a thing, repraesentare (Plin., Q. ; to set clearly before the view).— exprimere. fingere. effingere (to express; of an artist). — pingere. depingere (to paint). — reddere et offerre ci qd (-f the memory). — oculis., sub oculos. or sub aspectum cs subjicere qd {of persons, by description, fyc). The artist represented him in the act of sacrificing, artifex eum sacrificantem expressit. || To describe mimetically, to sustain the person of, agere. To r. an individual, cs partes agere. cs personam induere, suscipere, or gerere (either on the stage, or otherwise) : to r. a play, fabulam dare (IfiSir noi fabulam docere, wch means 'to train the actors'). || To bring before the mind, give notice of, qm de qa re monere, or with ut or ne (to admonish).— qm qd docere (to instruct). — ostendere ci qd (or with an ace. and infin.) : to r. to any one the im- possibility of a thing, ci ostendere rem fieri non posse: to r. to one the benefits of a thing, qm docere quanta sit cs rei utilitas : to r. to oneself, cogitare. animo cogitare. ccgitatione sibi fingere. animo sibi effingere. animo con- cipere. qm or qd oculis or ante oculos proponere. qm,qd, sibi proponere. cogitare de qo or de qa re.— l-giT reprae- sentare qd or sibi qm does not occur until the silv. age. || To be in the place or a ct on behalf of any one, agere qm or pro qo (g*gT not se agere qm). — gerere or sustinere cs personam (^°no( agere cs per- sonam). — vicem cs implere (Plin. Ep.). REPRESENTATION, \\ Act of representing, By the verbs. ^Exhibition, vid. Ij Image, like- ness, vid. REPRESENTATIVE, s. and adj. qui vice cs fun- gitur or vicem cs implet: (of the people) qui personam populi gerit(see C. Off 1, 34, 124). A r. constitution, or, a r. and constitutional government, "civitas in qua ex eorum arbitratu qui singulorum ordinum personas gerunt, leges feruntur; e. g. «civitas quae convocandis ad comitia civium ordinibus ferendisque ex iliorum 159 REP arbitratu legibus popularem qam formam induit (aft. C. Off. 1, 34, 124). REPRESS, reprimere (to press back, and so prevent fm breaking out, lacrimas, fletum, iracundiam). — com- primere (to press together, and so prevent fm spreading ; e.g. tumultum, seditionem, motus). — supprimere (o press under, and so keep dewn ; aegritudinem, irarn).— - opprimere (to press agst athg, and so keep it back ; e. g. tumultum, libertatem, rumorem). See Restrain. REPRIEVE, s. mora mortis (e.g. non modo effugiuni sed ne moram quidem mortis assequi potuit, C. i. Impropr.) dilatio, &c. To beg for a r., dilationem petere (of a debtor) : to grant him a few days' r., paucus dies ad soh endum prorogare. REPRIEVE, v. *moram mortis ci concedere or dare (mora mortis, C). To be reprieved, moram mortis assequi (C). REPRIMAND, s. reprehensio. vituperatio. A gentle r., lenis objurgatio. REPRIMAND, v. vituperare. reprehendere. (verbis) increpare. increpitare. culpare [Six. in Blame]. — objurgare (to reproach with a fault: opp. laudare) — conviciari (to make railing accusations). — exagitare, de- stringere (to make sharp attacks on aby). — compere (to blame with harsh words). — cavillari (to blame with irony). — exprobrare (ci qd, to reproach aby v:ith son e- thing as dishonourable to him). To r. aby on account of athg, reprehendere qm de or in qa re. vituperare qm de qa re. objurgare qm de or in qa re, or qa re only : to be reprimanded, objurgari. vituperari. in vitupera- tionem incidere, cadere, venire, or adduci. vitupera- tionem subire : to r. in gentle terms, ievi brachio objur- gare qm (de qa re). REPRINT, v. *librum denuo typis exscribendura curare (of the author). — *typis denuo exscribere (of the printer). Sgp" Librum repetere is not Latin. REPRINT, s. *extmplar typis denuo exscriptum. REPRISALS, vis vi repulsa. To make r., par pari ferre. vim vi repellere. REPROACH, s. probrum (r. wch may be justly made). opprobrium (r. actually made). — maledictum. vox con- tumeliosa. verbum contumeliosum. REPROACH, v. obiicere (v. pr.). — exprobrare (ci qd, or de qa re). — objurgare (qm, qm de qa re or in qa re; also qa re only, and with quod). — qd ci crimini dare. Also reprehendere qm de or in qa re. vituperare (qm de qa re) [Sin. in Blame]. To r. in mild terms, levi brachio objurgare qm (de qa re): to r. aby severely, qm graviter accusare : when I was reproached with being almost beside myself, quum objurgarer, quod psene de- siperem (C). REPROACKPUL, contumeliosus. maiedicus [Six. in Revilixg]. REPROACHFULLY, contumeliose. maledice. Or by Crcl. with the subst. or verb. REPROBATE, adj. damnatus (condemned; hence also r., vile: quis te miserior? quis te damnatior? *C. Pis. 40, extr.).— profligatus. perditus (abandoned). Jx. profligatus et perditus. sceleratus. REPROBATE, v. damnare. reprobare. See Cox- demx. REPROBATION, damnatio (condemnation).— repre- hensio. vituperatio (blame). — reprobatio (Tertull.). REPRODUCE, *denuo generare. — denuo ferre or proferre (of the earth). REPRODUCTION, by the verb : power of r., *via denuo generandi or proferendi. REPROOF, reprehensio. vituperatio. objurgatio. culpatio. A mild r., lenis objurgatio. REPROVE, reprobare (express disapprobation ; opp. probare. approbare).— damnare. condemnaTe (condemn ; also opp. approbare).— reprehendere. vituperare (opp. probare, laudare. Syn. in Blame). Jx. reprehendere et exagitare qd. To r. in no measured terms, velie- menter reprehendere qm de qa re or in qa re. vitupe- rare qm de qa re : to be reproved, reprehendi. vitupe- rari. in vituperationem venire, incidere, cadere, ad- duci. vituperationem subire. See Condemn. REPROVER, castkator (H., L.). — exprobrator (Sen.). Also by the verbs. REPTILE, *animal or bestia repens (aft. C. bestide volucres, nantes). REPUBLIC, civitas libera, civitas libera et sui juris, respublica libera; also simply respublica when the context fixes the sense : the monarchy is changed into a r., a regis dominatione in libertatem populi vindicatur respublica : the r. of letters, prps we may say civitas erudita or literaria, or respublica eru- dita, docta, literaria, or doctorum, eruditorum homi- num ; but these phrases denote an actual, rather than REP ideal, republic. Some adopt senatus doctorum (fm C. N. 2>. 1, 34 , cum tamquam senatum philosophorum reeitarts). |^p° Avoid orbis literatus or eruditus. orbis literatorura, eruditorum, although defended by Nolten. Antib. ii. p. 165. Orbis never denotes a number or body of men. (Krebs.) REPUBLICAN, adj. must, for the most part, be ex- pressed by a gen.; e. g. a r. constitution, reipublicae (liberie) forma: to give a r. constitution to a country, reipublicae formam civitati dare: to have r. feelings or predilections, reipublicae liberae esse amicum. libertatis esse amaiitem. REPUBLICAN, s. reipublicae liberae civis {citizen of a republic). — "tipublicae liberae amicus, communis libertatis propugiutor (a friend of the republican form cj government^. A zealous or fierce r., acerrimus rei- publicae liberae propugnator. REPUDIATE, || To reject, repudiare (to reject as worthless or bad). — spernere {opp. concupiscere). — as- pernari {opp. appe?ere). — lespuere {with loathing or dis- gust). — aspernari ac respuere. rejicere {to turn back). — recusare. renuere. abnuere (to refuse). \\To divorce; IriS. REPUDIATION, repudiatio (C. seld.; but Class, in prose). Or by the verb. REPUGNANCE, discordia rerum. repugnantia rerum (contrariety of nature and qualities. Plin. also uses antipathia, uvrnrdOeta). — odium, fuga. aversans et repugnans natura (natural feeling of dislike: these three esply of persons). — naturale bellum (C, of the consequence of a natural antipathy between animals : est ci cumqo). to feel r. agst athg, abhorrere a re. aversari qd. qd spernere, aspernari, respuere. Jn. aspernari ac respuere qd. — fastidire qm or qd (feel disgust or loath- ing) : to entertain a r. agst aby, animorum contentione a qo discrepare : to feel a great r. agst athg, magnum odium cs rei me capit: there is a great r. between two things, res quaedam pervicaci odio dissident: without any r., prompto animo. libenter : with r., repugnanter. REPUGNANT, odiosus (hateful).— alrenus (foreign to, 8fc). — pugnans. repugnnns (contradictory, incon- sistent; of things). — aversus. contrarius. See also Contrary. Athg is r. to me, me cs rei pertaesum est. taedet me cs rei. res taedium milii creat. qs or cs animus abhorret a re. REPUGNANTLY, repugnanter. animo averso, alieno, invito. REPULSE, s. repulsa. To suffer a r., repulsam ferre, accipere. repulsum abire : to give a r., petenti ci deesse. qs cs rei ab qo repulsam fert. cs precibus non satisfacere : you shall not suffer a r., haud repulsus abi- bis. quidquid me ores impetrabis (aft. Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 14). REPULSE, v. depellere (to drive away).— repellere (to drive back: see Ochs. C. Eel. p. 70). — propellere. propulsare (the latter the stronger word). To r. an enemy, hostem or impetum hostium propulsare ; hostes rejicere or fugare ; hostes terga vertere cogere (Cces.) : to r. force by force, vim vi repellere. REPULSIVE, || Prop.) quod repellit, propulsat. || Fig.) quod fastidium or odium affert ci; quod affert ci non fastidium modo sed plerumque etiam odium (aft, Q. 11, 1, 15). REPURCHASE, v. redimere. REPUTABLE, REPUTABLY. See Respectable, Respectably. REPUTATION, REPUTE, fama. existimatio (good or bad r.). Good r., bona fama. bona existimatio ; also simply fama (see Herz. ad S. Cat. 25, 3).— existimatio. nomen : high r., magna fama, existimatio : bad r., in- famia. mala fama. mala existimatio : to be in good r., bene audire. bene existimatur de qo(C). — in fama esse (T. Hist. 2, 73) : to be in bad r., male audire (C). — in infamia esse (Ter.). — esse infamia (C). — infamia asper- sum esse (Np.). — infamiam habere (Cces.) : to be in very bad r., infamia flagrare (C): in bad r., infamis : to bring into r., ad famam proferre (T. Ann. 16, 18). — in famam provehere qm (Plin. Ep. 9, 14): to be in r., esse in numero qo et honore. qm numerum obti- nere : to be in very great r., magno honore esse (apud qm): to care for one's r., famse servire (Np.), con- sulere (S.). — famae studere (Q.).— existimationi ser- vire (C.) : to be tender or careful of another's r., existi- mationi cs consulere, servire : to injure or detract fm aby'sr., famam cs laedere, atterere (S.). — existimationem cs perdere (Auct. ad Her.).— spoliare qm fama (C.) — est qd contra famam cs (C.).— detrahere defamacs(C). obtrectare cs gloriae, laudibus (L., when the r. is high). — infamiam ci movere (£.), ferre or parare (T.), inferre -(C).— infamare qm (rarely; Nep., Q. : jgSgT not dif- RES famare qm ; late).— invidiam ci facere (Suet.) : to lose r., amittere famam. deserit qm fama. REPUTED, qui (quae, quod) dicitur, fertur, existi- matur dggp** not dictus, editus). The r. author, *qui auctor hujus libri fertur, dicitur, existimatur. REQUEST, s. preces (pi.).— rogatio. rogatus (only in abl. sing : \jz^§~ not petitio). At any one's r., qo rogante, petente : to listen to a r., preces cs audire (not exaudire) or admittere ; ci patenti satisfacere, annuere ; quod petit qs, dare : to refuse a r., preces cs spernere (0.), aversari (L.), repudiare (C); ci petenti deesse. What is your r. ? quid petis? // you grant my r., *si feceris, quod rogo : to make a r. ; see the verb. REQUEST, v. || Intrans.) rogare. petere (g. t. for asking, whether as a request or a demand ; in the middle therefore between poscere and orare, but somewhat nearer to a request: petere mly refers to (he object, rogare to the person; hence petere qd a qo. rogare qm qd). || Trans.) rogare, orare qm qd. flagitare. efrlagitare qd a qo (with eagerness and impetuosity). To r. the gods, precari a diis. precatione uti. precationem ad deos facere : to r. humbly athg fm aby, supplicare ci pro re. petere, postulare suppliciter qd a qo. orare qm suppli- cibus verbis, orare or rogare qm suppliciter : to r. im- portunately and almost with tears, omnibus precibus, paene lacrimis etiam obsecrare qm : to r. in the most earnest manner, qm ita rogare, ut majore studio rognre non possim : to r. the life of a malefactor, petere vitam nocenti : let me r. of you, oratus sis. pi., rogati sitis or estote : let me r. and beseech you, quaeso. oro. obsecro : to r. the favour of aby's company, qm invitare, vocare : to r. aby's company to dinner, qm ad ccenam vocare or invitare : to r. aby's company at one's house, qm domum suam invitare (condicere ci, with or without ccenam, or ad ccenam, is to invite oneself; to fix to dine with aby). REQUIRE, || To need, poscere. postulare. requi- rere, desiderare (to hold as necessary).— esse, with a gen. of a subst. together with an adj. ; e. g. it r.'s much labour, multi laboris est : to be required, opus esse : the times require it, tempus ita fert : */ circumstances r. it, si res or tempus postulat. si res cogit (of urgent cir- cumstances) : the affair r.'s great foresight, magnam res diligentiam requirit : as a thing r.'s, pro ; e. g. as his dignity requires, pro ejus dignitate. \\ To ask, re- quest; vid. REQUISITE, necessarius. quod requiritur, deside- ratur in qa. re. quod abesse nequit. To be r., requiri. desiderari. opus esse. See also Necessary. REQUISITION, rogatio (act of requiring or asking). — rogatus (only in abl. sing.). — quod qs petit (subject of an entreaty). — imperatum, quod imperatur (subject of a command or injunction). See also Request. REQUITAL, par gratia (the same favour in return). — praemium. merces (reward, wages; mere, also in a bad sense). To make a r., par pari referre ; see also To Requite. REQUITE, referre. reddere (g t.). — gratiam referre ci, or parem gratiam. referre ct (see Bentl. Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51 ; in a good or a bad sense) — remunerari (in a good sense). — pensare or compensare qd qa re (to make even; e. g. benefactions by benefactions, beneficia beneficiis : merits by benefactions, merita beneficiis: HjfJ" recom- pensare is to be avoided). — rependere qd qa re (lit., to weigh the one against the other ; fig., to set off, make up ; e.g. damnum, by athg, qa re). — par pari referre (to ren- der like for like). To r. aby's love, qm redamare : to r. kindnesses, beneficiis respondere or vicem exsolvere : I cannot r. your services, tantum tibi debeo, quantum solvere difficile est: to r. athg badly, malam gratiam referre. RESCIND, rescindere (to cancel and make void; e. g. decrees, compacts, wills, fyc). — inducere (to strike out a resolution, a decree of the senate, a contract, loca- tionem). — pervertere (abolish by violence; laws, justice, fyc). — abolere. abrogare. [Syn. in Abolish.] — dero- gare legi or qd de lege (of a partial abolition ; but sometimes with ace. for abrogare ; Ochsn. C. Eclog. p. 85). — obrogare legi (to render it a dead letter, wholly or in part, by a subsequent enactment). RESCRIPT, rescriptum. libelli (pi), codicilli (pi.). RESCUE, s. liberatio. conservatio. auxilium. Usually by the verb. RESCUE, v. liberare qm qa re or ab qa re. servare, conservare, vindicare, eripere qm. salutem ferre, afferre, ci. ad salutem vocare qm (C). To r.fm death, eripere qm a morte, ex caede (C.) : to r. fm danger, qm servare, eripere, ex periculo (C). — eripere qm periculo (Cces.): to r. one's country, patriam eripere ex hostium manibus (L. 5, 46; fm an enemy), patriam e servitute RES inlibertatem vindicare (Np. Thras. 1,2; fm oppression): to r. fm prison, qm liberare custodiis, eximere vinculis (C). RESEARCH, quaestio. mquisitio. cognitio {inquiry). — investigatio. indagatio. exploratio {investigation). To make r., quaerere qd or de qa re. inquirere in qd. investigari, scrutari, perscrutari, explorare qd. Our r.'s on this subject led to nothing satisfactory, nos nihil de eo percunctationibus reperiebamus. RES EMB LANCE, similitudo. See Likeness. RESEMBLE, cs or cs rei esse similem. accedere ad similitudmem cs rei (C. Att. 7, 2, 3). — similitudinem speciemque cs gerere (C. Off. 3, 4, 16).— est mihi cum qo quaedam similitudo: {in character) mores cs referre {Plin.) : {in features, fyc.) os vultumque cs referre {ib.) : to r. closely, prope (propius, proxime) accedere ad qd {of internal or outward resemblance). RESEMBLING. See Like. RESENT, || To take ill, qd in malam partem ac- cipere. ferre qd aegre, graviter, moleste, acerbe (C), indigne [Np.), iniquo animo (C). — gravius excipere {Suet.). || To avenge, ulcisci, vindicare qd. ulcisci qm pro acceptis injuriis. ulcisci or persequi cs injurias. See Avenge. RESENTFUL, qui succenset ci, qui odium occultum gerit adversus qm. See also Angry. RESENTMENT, ira {anger). — ultio (revenge).— odium occultum or inclusum {concealed hatred). To feel r. agst aby, odium occultum gerere adversus qm. Often by the verb. RESERVATION, retentio [a keeping back).—revo- sitio (a laying by for future use). Usually by the verbs. See also Reserve. RESERVE, v. || To lay up, servare. reservare {to lay by, or keep in store for a particular purpose, to refrain fm using athg until a certain season or occasion occur). — conservare {to keep in good order, let alone, refrain fm injuring). — reponere. seponere {to put aside for future use).— condere. recondere (to lay by, or in store, e. g., fruit). — Jn. condere et reponere ; reponere et recondere. To r. for another lime, in aliud tempus reservare or differre. \\ To keep back, retinere (prop.), celare, occultare, tegere, dissimulare qd. comprimere (to conceal). RESERVE, s. || A keeping back, retentio; usually by the verbs. To keep in r., see the verb. || Studied silence, taciturnitas (silence). — modestia, verecundia (modesty). — dissimulatio (not telling all that one knows). cautio (caution). Without r., aperte. ingenue, libere. plane, simpliciter. non timide: to speak with r., verecundius loqui de qa re: to practise r., tergi- versari (L., C). veram animi sententiam celare, premere : that practises r., tectus. occultus. dissimu- lator: they practised no r., quid sentirent non reti- cuerunt (C. Att. 13, 27, 1). || A body of troops kept back, subsidia, orum («.). copiae subsidiariae. (milites) subsidiarii (g. t.). — acies subsidiaria (drawn up in order of battle). To be in r.,pro subsidio consistere. in subsidiis esse : to appoint a r., in subsidio ponere or collocare. RESERVED, || Prop.) repositus. reconditus. Jn. repositus et reconditus. See the verb. || Fig.) taci- turnus (silent, in a good sense). — tectus. occultus. occultus et tectus (that conceals his true sentiments). — cautus (careful in speaking and acting). — modestus. verecundus (modest, shy). R. to aby, tectus ad qm. cautus (in speaking). — timidus (timid). — frigidus (cold). To be of a gloomy and reserved disposition, esse natura tristi ac recondita (C). RESERVOIR, lacus (a large deep tank). — castellum. dividiculum (a building in inch water is collected, and thence distributed to other places by pipes). — cisterna (a cistern under ground, in wch rain-water is kept). RESIDE, habitare (qo loco), domicilium or sedem ac domicilium habere (qo loco), degere or degere vitam, vivere loco (to live at): with aby, in cs domo or apud qm habitare. apud qm or in cs domo deversari (for a time, as a guest). — cum qo habitare (to live together). — cornmorari (to be stopping at or abiding for a time). RESIDENCE, || .4 place of abode, domicilium (abode, as far as one is at home there). — sedes (as the fixed spot where one resides). — habitatio (dwell- ing house or chamber, as long as one resides therein; hence also, lodging). To choose a place for one's r., locum domicilio deligere. qo loco domicilium collo- care. qo loco sedem ac domicilium constitucre. qo loco considere (to take up one's r. at). See also House. \\ Time of one's abode, commoratio. statio. mansio (opp. itio. decessio ; implying a stay of 161 RES some length). — habitatio (the dwelling at a place). R. in the country, rusticatio. RESIDENT, by the verbs, or Crcl. ; e. g. to be r., sedem stabilem et domicilium habere: in a place, locum sedem sibi delexisse. RESIDUARY. R. legatee, heres will cmly suit. He left that son (such a sum) and made Oppianicus his r. legatee, illi Alio— legavit, heredem instituit Hor- tensium. RESIDUE. See Remainder. RESIGN, || To give up, cedere. concedere (to yield). — abjicere. deponere. omittere (to let go, aban- don). — desistere qa re or de qa, re (implying a sudden change of purpose) — renunciare ci re (to renounce). To r. oneself to an occupation or pursuit, ci rei se dedere. studio cs rei se dedere or se tradere : to r. oneself to suffering, aequo animo ferre or tolerare qd. in se recipere qd. || To abdicate or retire fm an of ft c e, abdicare munus or (far more cmly) se munere. abire magistratu or honore. abscedere munere (L. 9, 3). — magistratum deponere (of magistrates). — mis- sionem postulare (to demand a discharge of soldiers : |ggp° donare, ' to give up a command,' is of the silv. age). RESIGNATION, || The act of giving up, re- nunciatio (g. t.). — abdicatio (of an office, e. g. dicta- turae). — cessio (a renouncing or giving up athg in favour of another person). Or by theverbs. || Submission of mind, patientia. — aequus animus. To bear athg with r., qd aequo animo ferre (Np.); accipere (5.) or tolerare (S.); qd patienter ferre: with perfect r., aequissimo animo. All this I bear with perfect r., tranquillissimus animus meus totum istuc aequi boni facit (C). RESIGNED, aequo animo. patiens. tolerans cs rei. placidus (with good humour). See Patient. To be r to athg, pati. patienter ferre. tolerare. aequo animo ferre or tolerare qd. in se recipere qd. RESIN, resina: fastened with r. f resinatus (Plin.). RESINOUS, resinaceus (of r., Plin.). — resinosus (full of r., Plin.). RESIST, resistere. obsistere (C); reniti (L.) ; re- pugnare : to r. the enemy, hosti se opponere, obviam ire, repugnare. hostem propulsare, defendere : to r. athg, resistere ci rei. To r. an attack successfully, impetum sustinere. RESISTANCE. Usually by the verbs,- e. g. to make r., resistere. obsistere. repugnare. For r., ad resisten- dum : nature endures no r., naturae nullo modo obsisti potest (aft. C). RESISTLESS, cui nullo modo resisti or obsisti potest. RESOLUTE, firmus. constans. stabilis. obstinatus. obfirmatus. [Syn. in Resolution.] RESOLUTELY, firmo animo atque constanti. obfir- mato animo. [Syn. in Resolution.] fidenter. con- ndenter. audacter (boldly). RESOLUTION, || Firmness of purpose, fir- mitas. stabilitas. constantia (opp. mobilitas). — gravitas (opp. levitas). — animi fortitude animus certus or con- firmatus. || Determination, purpose, consilium (plan, design); or Crcl. consilium captum; quod qs apud animum statuit, in animum induxit (C). — sen- tentia {will, opinion) — voluntas (pleasure). A sudden r., repentina voluntas ; impetus ; consilium repenti- num or subitum: to form ar., consilium capere; to do athg, qd faciendi; qd facere [C. Quint. 16, fin. ; Cces.B. G. 7, 71], or ut qd faciam [e. g. subito consilium cepi, ut, antequam luceret, exirem, C. Alt. 7, 10]). — consi- lium inire: to have formed a r., in animo habere : my r. is firm, certum est mihi ; stat mihi (sententia); statutum habeo cum animo et deliberatum ; also con- silium est qd facere (C). To adhere to one's r., in sententia manere, perstare ; sibi constare; consilium tenere; consilium non mutare ; in proposito suscepto- que consilio permanere : to change one's r. t consilium mutare, abjicere; de sententia decedere ; a sententia discedere. \\Solution, solutio. dissolutio (both esply of a captious question). — explicatio. enodatio (of a per- plexed, difficult matter). RESOLVABLE, qui (quae, quod) solvi, dissolvi, potest. RESOLVE, || Trans.) To dissolve, solvere, dis- solves, resolvere ; if — liquefy, liquefacere. hquare. diluere. || To separate, dissolvere sejungere. secer- nere. || To solve, solvere (qnaestionem, Gelt.); dis- solvere (interrogationem, C); solvere (aenigma, Q.); solvere, resolvere (ambiguitatem, Q.); tollere (dubita- tionem, C). || Intrans.) To determine, statuere, constituere, decernere, upon athg, qd, or followed by an 2X RES infin. {to fix, settle, determine). — consilium capere {to form a determination or resolution : followed by the gerund in di or inf. or ut; see in 'to form a Reso- lution ').— inducere animum or in animum {to bring one's mind to ; followed by an infin. or ut) : decernere {prop, to decree that athg shall take place; then = to r.). — apud animum statuere, constituere {to fix, settle). — destinare, animo proponere {to propose to oneself. gggT the latter without animo, esply in the silv. age). — censere, placet ci {of the senate). — sciscere. jubere. Jn. sciscere jubereque {to make a law or ordinance, sciscere esply of the plebs, jubere of the populus ; see Interpp. ad Np. Arist. 1, 4. Heusingg. C. Off. 3, 11, 1). / am resolved, certum est mini ; stat mihi (sententia) ; statutum habeo cum animo et deliberatum: to be sufficiently resolved upon fyc, satis habere consilium de &c. {C. Alt. 12, 50, extr.) See also 'my Resolu- tion is firm.' Not to be able to r. on athg, animi or animo pendere; varie or in diversas partes dis- trahi; certum consilium capere non posse ; certa qa in sententia consistere non posse ; haereo quid faciam ; in incerto habeo, quidnam consilii capiam. RESORT, v. \\{To a place), frequentare {to visit frequently; cs domum, scholam, &c). — celebrare {to come to in numbers, or often: cs domum, defim de- lubra, Lucr. #c). — se conferre qo, petere locum, capessere locum; concedere qo {retire). — commeare (to travel backwards and forwards, e. g., of merchants, Delos, quo omnes undique cum mercibus commeabant, C). 1| ( J*o a person), se conferre, accedere ad qm. adire, convenire qm {for protection or aid). — ad cs opem confugere, perfugere. || To resort to means, confugere {to fly to, as a resource, e. g. ad preces). — adhiuere (to employ ; g. t.). To r. to a different treat- ment or method of cure, aliam quandam ad qm ad- movere curationem (C). See To Employ. RESORT, s. || Meeting, assembly, frequentia. conventus. A place of much r., locus celeber {opp. desertus). I wished to be in a place of less r., volebam loco magis deserto esse. Aby dislikes a place of so muck r., offendit qm loci celebritas. \\ Refuge, re- fugium. perfugium. RESOUND, resonare {prop, and fig.). — personare {to sound through ; ring with). See Sound. RESOURCE, auxilium. subsidium. prsesidium. ad- jumentum (aid).— instrumentum (means): resources = property, #c, facultates, opes, copiae, pi. RESPECT, s. || Account, regard, respectus. ratio : in respect of a thing, cs rei ratione habita ; cs rei respectu. Without r. of persons, nullius ratione habita; delectu omni et discrimine omisso : in every r., omnino (claiming general acceptance or assent). — ab omni parte, omni ex parte, in omni genere. omnibus rebus {in all points or particulars). In both r.'s, utraque in re {see C. Lcel. 18, 14); also by the ace. qd (e. g. Cces. B. G. 1, 40). In many r.'s, multis locis {see Klotz. C. Tusc. 4, I, 1). This can help in no r., hoc nullam ad partem valet: this is troublesome to me in every r., hoc in omnes partes molestum est : with respect to, quod attinet ad (what pertains to; as C. ad Div. 3, 5, 3, quod ad librum attinet quem tibi Alius dabit, and C. Fam. 1, 2, 4, quod ad popularem rationem attinet, what concerns; and 5§gsfr this is the only sense in wch quod attinet ad is = with respect to in good Latin). — ad {in reference to, in respect of; as C. 2 Verr. 1, 22, 58, adornatura ad speciem magniflco ornatu ; and C. N. D. 2, 62, 155, nulla [species] ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior ; and C. Tusc. 3, 5, II, mentis ad omnia caecitas). — de {in r. of, concern- ing, about; as, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50, de argento somnium; and Cces. B. G. 6, 19, de morte si res in suspicionem venit; and C. Att. 9, 1, 2, recte non credis de numero militum). — a or ab (on the part of; as C. de Or. 3, 61, 229, nihil enim isti adolescenti neque a natura, neque a doctrina deesse sentio). Sts this may be rendered by respiciens, in such phrases as, with r. to those things ! the people chose rather, haec respiciens populus maluit: or by si judicandum est qa re ; in such eases as the following ; he had a household, excellent indeed with r. to their serviceableness, but, with r. to appearance, very inferior, usus est familia, si militate judicandum est, optima, si forma, vix mediocri (Np. Att. 13, 3). With r. to what fyc, quod with a verb ; with r. to your doubting, fm the nature of my plans, whether you shall see me in the province, quod itinerum meo- rum ratio te nonnullara in rationem videtur addu- cere, visurusne me sis in provincia (ea res sic se habet, &c. ; C. Fam. 3, 5, 3; see also L. 3, 12, 7, $c.) : with r. to myself, quod attinet ad me, de me, a 162 RES me, per me; out of r. to,i. e. on account of, ob; propter; causa. || High esteem, reverent regard, obser- vantia (r. shown to aby by waiting upon him, fyc). — ■ verecundia (regard).— reverentia (esteem; these three of r. shown to another). — honor (honour). — dignatio {es- teem caused by desert). To possess, enjoy r., habetur ci honor, coli et observari. qm numerum obtinere: to entertain or feel r. for aby, vereri, revereri qm, qm colere, tribuere ci cultum : to show r. to aby, observare, honorare qm; reverentiam adhibere adversus qm or praestare ci: hence also Jn. colere et observare qm: to show due r. to aby, qm prosequi, with or without obser- vantia (opp. elevare qm). RESPECT, v. \\ To regard, cs rei rationem ducere or habere: not to r., negligere qm or qd; nihil curare qd : to r. as, ponere with in and the abl. ; ducere qd ci rei ; numerare qd in cs rei loco. See also Regard, v. || To re I at e to, ad rem spectare. See also Re- late. || To entertain or feel respect for ; see in Respect, s. To r. aby's will or pleasure, cs volun- tati obsequi or morem gerere : to r. aby's commands, ab qo imperata facere. RESPECTABILITY, bona existimatio. locus, nu- merus. Jn. locus et numerus. dignitas. auctoritas. RESPECTABLE, colendus. suspiciendus (to be looked up to). — honestus {honourable). — venerabilis (deserving of veneration). — conspiciendus and specta- bilis ($g^° not before the Augustan age): a r. man, vir honestus, gravis; spectatus et honestus; vir bonze existimationis (of unblemished reputation). — vir spec- tabilis {as a title, under the emperors; Cod. Just.). RESPECTABLY, honeste. decore (creditably).— laudabiliter. cum laude {so as to deserve praise). — ut decet (becomingly). — bene (well). To live or conduct oneself r., decore, honeste, vivere. RESPECTFUL, observans {towards aby ; cs).— reve- rens. venerabundus (Syn. in Respect). To be r. towards aby ; see 'to show Respect.' RESPECTFULLY, reverenter : to speak very r. to aby, qm reverentissime alloqui : to rise r. before aby, in venerationem cs assurgere. RESPECTIVE, proprius. peculiaris et proprius. singularis ; sts vnth quisque; e. g. that all might be responsible for their r. portions, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus esset {L.). RESPECTIVELY, By ut quisque est; suu* cuique; hie — ille ; tu — ille, alter — alter. They rely on the will, and the claims of relationship r., hie testamento, ille proximitate nititur (Q.) ; [the orators who pleaded] for Scaurus and his son, r., pro Scauro hie, ille pro filio ; you and he are equally desirous to see your sons r. t tuum tu gnatum, ille suum cupit videre (aft. Plant. Capt. 2, 3, 39). They require r. a bridle and spurs, alter frenis eget, alter calcaribus. RESPIRATION, respiratio. respiratus (g§fT«o£ respiritus). See Breath. RESPIRE, spirare. respirare. animam reciprocare. spiritum trahere et emittere. animam or spiritum ducere. See Breathe. RESPITE, mora (Held.; mora mortis = reprieve). — dilatio. prolatio {adjournment, putting off). R. fm trouble, intercapedo molestiae. RESPLENDENCE, RESPLENDENCY, fulgor. splendor, nitor. claritas [Syn. in Brightness]. RESPLENDENT, fulgens. splendidus. nitidus. nitens. illustris. clams. [Syn. and Phr. in Bright.] RESPLENDENTLY, splendide, nitide, &c. RESPOND, RESPONSE. Sf« Answer. RESPONDENT, qui ci respondiMw a controversy). — qui contra disputatur. — *propugnator quaestionis. RESPONSIBILITY. By the adj. RESPONSIBLE, \\ Accountable, cui ratio red- denda est. To be r., praestare qd. I am r. for that, mihi res prarstanda est. To make oneself r., qd in se recipere (to take it on oneself). — periculum in se re- cipe, e, rem qam sui periculi facere : to be r. for a loss, praestare damnum : to be r. for charges, sumptus tolerare., suppeditare: you shall be r., tu culpam prae- stabis : that each might be r. for the safety of his own part, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus esset {L.). \\ Able to pay, qui est solvendo or ad solvendum. RESPONSION, responsio. responsum. See also Answer. RESPONSIVE, ex altera parte respondens. Sts alternus. See also Answerable. REST, s. || Repose, requies (after activity). — quies {in itself). — otium {leisure). — tranquillitas {freedom fm disturbance) : day of r., dies ad quietem datus : hour of r. } hora ad quietem data. You give yourself no r. t RES nullum remittis tempus neque te respicis ( Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 18). \\ Sleep, vid. || Prop, support, admini- culum; see Prop. || Remainder, reliquum; quod reliquum est or restat ; quod restat, pi. quae restant ; reliqui, pi. (of persons). The r., e. g., part of the senators. ..the r., pars senatorum,... reliqui: for the r., ceterum, cetera [in all other respects, ggp°ceteroqui or ceteroquin is extremely rare; being found prps only in C. Att. 16, 11, 7, and Fin. 1, 3, 7).— de reliquo. reliqua. quod reliquum est. quod superest (as regards the remainder). REST, v. || To be still, non moveri. \\To re- pose, quiescere. conquiescere. requiescere (g. t., of persons and things). — quieti se dare or tradere (to take r., of persons). To r. fm all trouble and toil, ex omnibus molestiis et laborious conquiescere : to recommend aby r., qm respirare et conquiescere jubere : not to let aby r., qm numquam acquiescere sinere. / will not r. until, haud desinam, donee : the land r.'s (i. c. is un- cultivated, lies fallow), ager quiescit or requiescit. || To lean, niti, inniti in re or in rem; sustineri qa re; incumbere in qd or ci rei. \\ To depend, in the phrase to rest with, i. e. to depend upon, in qo or in re positum or situm esse. See Depend. RESTING-PLACE, tranquillus ad quietem locus (C, prop.) ; portus otii, or simply portus (fig.). To find no r.-p., locum ubi consistat, non reperire. RESTITUTION, restitutio, refectio (restoring, re- pairing. — $ji*gf Avoid restauratio in this sense). Usually by the verbs. To demand r. and satisfaction, res repe- tere. To insist on r., pertinacem esse ad obtinendam injuriam (L. 29, 1, 17). RESTIVE. A r. horse, prps indomitus (not broken in; Plaut.), or contumax (obstinate; used of animals; e. g., of oxen, Col.). — *frenis non parens. RESTIVENESS, prps contumacia (used by Col. of the obstinacy of oxen, cont. pervicax boum). RESTLESS, inquietus. turbidus (opp. quietus). — turbulentus. turbatus. tumultuosus (agitated, stormy). — perturbatus. commotus. sollicitus (troubled, disturbed, esply inmind). — rerum novarum studiosus, cupidus (de- sirous of change or innovation). A r. mind or spirit, animus numquam agitatione et motu vacuus (C. de Div. 2, 62, 128). To pass a r. night, noctem perpetuis vigiliis et cum magno animi motu agere : to have r. nights, in- somniis fatigari : to be r. (in mind), angi (to be disturbed with fear). — sollicitum esse (to be troubled). RESTLESSLY, Usually by the adj. (Jggp" not in- quiete, wch it late; turbate is = in disorder, con- fusedly). — turbulente. turbulenter (C); tumultuose (L., of civil commotion). RESTLESSNESS, inquies (a state of disquietude, when one cannot rest ; post-Aug. e. g. inquies nocturna, Plin., r. by night) — turbidus motus (unquiet motion, g. t. ; see C. Tusc. 1, 33).— animi motus (disturbance of the mind, e. g., in sleep, as Curt. 7, 5, 16). — aestus (un- settled state of mind, when one is at a loss, or does not know what course to adopt).— perturbatio (great dis- turbance, whether in the state, usually with rerum, or of the mind, usually with animi). — sollicitudo (excite- ment with anxiety). — angor (disquietude arising fm fear of impending calamity). — turba (mly pi. turbae), tu- multus, tumultuatio (disturbance : Syn. and Phr. in Disturbance). RESTORATION, restauratio. redintegratio (re- newal ; reparatio, Prudent. ; restitutio, Eumen.). Usually by the verbs. R. of concord, reconciliatio gratiae : to demand the r. of athg, repetere, reposcere qd. RESTORATIVE, adj. vires reficiens. RESTORE, || To give back, reddere, restituere : to r. to life, ab inferis excitare, revocare : restored to life, ab inferis excitatus, revocatus (^°no/ redi- vivus). || To put into its former condition, restituere (g. t.). — rursus restituere; reficere (to repair what was injured). — reparare (to renew what had been more completely destroyed). — renovare (to renew). In a wider sense, also, revocare (L.); reducere (Plin. Ep.); referre qd (C). $*gT Avoid restaurare; even instaurare occurs but seldom in the best writers: to r. a picture, picturam jam evanescentem vetustate colo- ribus iisdem quibus fuerat renovare (C. Rep. 5, 1, 2). — nova pictura interpolare opus (to r. with fresh colours; Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 103). RESTORER, restitutor (C, L.); reparator (Stat.). Or by the verbs. RESTRAIN, || To confine, keep in, terminis or cancellis circumscribere, finire, definire. terminis circumscribere et definire. also circumscribere only (to surround with boundaries, as it were). — finire. definire (to keep between certain outlines).— coeiceie (to keep 163 RES within proper limits, to curb or bridle). To r. a thing within its proper limits, qd intra terminos coercere : to r. one's empire within its ancient limits, antiquis ter- minis regnum finire : 1o be restored within their own narrow limits, suis finibus exiguis contineri : to r. a thing within a narrow sphere, in exiguum angustumque concludere (e. g., friendship, C. Off. 1, 17, 53, Beier.) : to r. an orator within narrow limits, oratorem in exi- guum gyrum compellere (C. de Or. 3, 19, 70) : to r. one's speech, orationem finire or in angustias compel- lere (opp. oratio exsultare potest) : to r. oneself, certos fines terminosque constituere sibi, extra quos egredi non possis : to r. oneself to athg, se continere re or in re (of things and persons). To be restrained, certarum rerum cancellis circumscriptum esse : to r. oneself ( = contain oneself), se tenere, sustinere, cohibere, coer- cere : to be hardly able to r. oneself fm doing athg, vix se continere posse, quin &c. : vix temperare sibi posse, quin &c. To r. one's laughter, risum tenere, continere ; one's tears, lacrimas tenere, continere ; lacrimis temperare (C); lacrimas cohibere (Plin.); fletum reprimere (C); one's tongue, linguam compri- mere (Plaut.); continere (C); one's wrath, iracundiam cohibere (C.) ; one's hands, eyes, fyc, manus, oculos cohibere (a qa re). || To repress, coercere. conti- nere. cohibere. frenare. refrenare (to hold in check; all with ace ).— inhibere (to stop). — comprimere (to sup- press). — reprimere. supprimere (to repress). — obviam ire ci rei (to take preventive measures). To r. the ardour of youth, juventutem refrenare or coercere : to r. one's passions, cupiditates coercere, continere, comprimere ; cupiditatibus imperare. To r. by severe laws, vincire qd severis legibus. circumscribere (to restrict aby, e. g., in his liberty, manner of life, fyc). — in angustum deducere (reduce to a narrow compass, e. g. perturbationes, C). — moderari. tempe- rare. modum facere ci rei (to put a limit or bounds to athg). Jn. cohibere et continere. reprimere et coercere. See also To Compel. RESTRAINT, coercitio. vis (force).— necessitas (r. imposed by necessity). — moderatio. temperatio (of things). To do athg fm r., vi coactus qd facio : to use r. with aby, qm vi cogere; qm per vim adigere: to use r., vim adhibere. Without any r., non vi coactus : the right of r. over aby , coercitio in qm (see Suet. Oct. 45). RESTRICT, circumscribere. moderari, temperare, modum facere ci rei (to set a measure to athg). — coer- cere (to keep within limits or bounds ; to keep in check). — reprimere (to bring back to its former limits). To r. to athg, temperare qd qa re : to r. aby, qm coercere, continere, circumscribere (in his liberty, mode of living, fyc.).— qm parce habere, qm arte colere (in diet; the latter, S. Jug. 85, 35).— in breve tempus conjicere qm (in time, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 2). To r. oneself, parce vivere, sumptus circumcidere, modum facere sumptibus, im- pensas corripere (in respect of expense ; the latter, Suet. Tib. 34). — modeste or continenter or sobrie vivere ; se cohibere (in one's mode of living). RESTRICTION, moderatio. temperatio (of a thing. 1§§|?° not conscriptio and restrictio in this sense) : with a r., cum or sub exceptione (with an exception, condi- tionally ; J3§p° not circumscripte in this sense). — parce (sparingly). With the r. that fyc, ita quidem, ut &c. RESTRICTIVE. By the verbs. RESULT, s. eventus (a consequence). — exitus (an issue). — Jn. eventus atque exitus ; exitus eventusque ; emolumentum (advantage, profit). A fortunate r., proventus secundus ; proventus (see Interpp. ad Cces. B. G. 7, 29): with a r., non frustra (not in vain). — prospere (fortunately): without r., frustra; nequid- quam or in cassum : to be without r., irritum or frustra esse; ad irritum cadere; secus cadere: to have a good r., succedere ; bene or prospere cedere ; prospere evenire: not to doubt of the good r. of a measure, rem confici posse non diffidere: to have the desired r., opta- bilem exitum habere ; ex sententia evenire : to have not the desired r., haud bene, minus prospere evenire. To have a fortunate r., felicem exitum habere ; pros- pere, feliciter evenire : to have a remarkable r., notabili exitu concludi : to foretel the r., de exitu divinare : to know the r., scire quos eventus res sit habitura. / fear the r., haec quo sint raptura timeo ; quorum hoc evasurum sit vereor. RESULT, v. sequi, consequi (to follow upon). — evenire (to fall out as a consequence). — manare, fluere, proficisci (to proceed fm), with ex. RESUME, resumere. recipere (to take again).— denuo incipere. repetere. redintegrare, revocare (to begin again). 2X2 RES RESUMPTION, By the verbs. RESURRECTION, resurrectio mortuorum {Lact., to be retained as t. t.). — excitatio a mortuis, revocatio in vitam do not meet the Christian notion. ' I am the r. and the life:' Kraft gives ego sum vitas aeternae auctor et parens; but, in quoting the Bible, the literal interpretation must be kept, wch is by no means ade- quately expressed by the substitute recommended. ' The R. at the last day' dies, quo in vitam redibunt mortui (Kraft) ; better *dies, quo corpora hominum in vitam redibunt ; *dies quo Deus jubebit manes {better corpora) exire ex sepulcris (aft. 0. Met. 7, 206). « The day of our Lord's R.,' *dies Christo a morte redeunti sacer. RESUSCITATE, revocare qm a morte ad vitam.— revocare qm ab inferis or a mortuis. mortuum ab inferis excitare (C). RESUSCITATION, excitatio a mortuis. revocatio in vitam. RETAIL, s. mercatura tenuis (g. t. for a business in a small way). A r. shop (for cloth), *taberna, in qua panni ad ulnam venduntur (C. Off. 1, 42, 151). RETAIL, v. divendere. distrahere.— ad ulnam ven- dere (of stuffs, %-c). — mercaturam tenuem facere (aft. C). — promiscua et vilia mercari (T. Germ. 5). RETAILER, qui (quae) tenuem mercaturam facit, or *merces minutim divendit; in the Roman sense, also, caupo, propola ; institor (a hawker). RETAIN, || To keep, servare. conservare (to keep, preserve, not lose ; opp. rejicere). — cs rei detrimentum facere nullum, nullam facere in qa re jacturam (not suffer or sustain a loss, e. g., in one's credit or au- thority, consequently to r. it) : to r. aby, qm tenere or retinere (not allow him to go).— hospitio qm exci- pere or accipere (to take or keep him under one's roof, 8fc). — ccenae adhibere (at a meal) : to r. a custom, see Custom : to r. the magistracy, manere in magistratu (opp. magistratu abire). To r. its colour, ♦colorem servare or retinere. || To keep in pay (e. g., soldiers, fyc), alere (milites, exercitum). — mercede conducere (to hire, e. g. milites). — mercede arcessere (of soldiers fm a different or foreign country, e. g. Germanos ; see Cats. B. G.\, 31, init.). RETAINER, ||Oree who retains, Crcl. with the verbs in To Retain. || One that is retained in aby' s pay. See Domestic. \\ A follower, assectator, assecla (assect. in a good, assecl. in a bad sense; see Creature). || The retainers of aby (i. e. his hangers on), qui faciunt or sentiunt cum qo; qui stant cum or ab qo: our r.'s, nostri. qui no- biscum stant: he can depend or reckon on those that are his r.'s, habet certos sui studiosos. If = Client, vid. \\A fee to secure counsel for a trial, arrha or arrMbo (Plant, and Gaj. Dig.). RETAKE, resumere. recipere. To r. athg, ci qd auferre. RETALIATE. See To Requite. RETALIATION, Crcl. by the verbs. The law of r., jus injuriam illatam ulciscendi; *jus talionis (t. t.). In r. for, ut ulcisceretur (ulciscerentur, &c). RETARD. See Delay, Hinder. RETCH, nausea segnis et sine exitu torquet qm, quae bilem movet nee effundit (Sen. Ep. 53). — *nausea segni et sine exitu torqueri. RETENTION, retentio (as act of retaining). If = Memory, vid. R. of urine, stranguria (aTpayyovpia, also dvaovpia, used by C. Attic. 10, 10, 3, as a Greek word; in later writers it stands as a Latin expression; the pure Latin however is urinae tormina, n., or urinae dimcultas or angustiae. RETENTIVE, Crcl. with the verbs in To Retain. A r. memory, memoria bona (C. Att.), tenax: a more r. memory, memoria melior (C.) : a very r. one, tena- cissima (Q.): to have a r. memory, memoria valere, vigere. If preceded by 'so' — (that), tantus. Aby had so r. a memory, that, ci memoria tauta fuit, ut &c. (e. g. Hortensio, C.) RETENTIVENESS, Crcl. with the verbs in To Retain. RETICLE, reticulum. RETICULAR, RETICULATED, reticulatus. RETINA, «retina (*. t.). RETINUE, comitatus, us. comites (pi.), stipatio. assectatorum turba (large r., great number of followers). See also Retainers. RETIRE, || Prop.) recedere (g. t.).— migrare, emi- grare, demigrare (ex) loco, in locum (to remove fm-, fyc). — migrare, emigrare domo or e domo (to remove fm a dwelling). — secedere in locum (to separate and with- draw to another place ; see L. 2, 32, sq.). To r. out of sight, abdere se in locum {rarely with a dative). |) Fig.) 1G4 RET a republics recedere or se sevocare. a negotiis publicis se removere. de foro decedere. To r. entirely fm pub- lic business, ab omni parte reipublicae se subtrahere {gradually). — a negotiis publicis se removere ad otium- que perfugere : to r. fm life (i. e. to die), de praesidio et statione vitae decedere ; (fm an office) abdicare munus (wch however is rare) or (more commonly) se munere; abire (magistratu or honore); abscedere munere (L. 9, 3). — magistratum deponere. RETIRED, solitarius {of places or persons). A r. life, vita solitaria: to lead a r. life, vitam solitariam agere (in solitude). — in solitudine or secum vivere; lucem conventumque hominum vitare (C); tempus solum in secreto terere (//.); vitam agere segregem {Sen. Benef. 4, 18, 2); habeo or ago vitam procul a re- publica (not a public or political life) : a r. place, locus desertus (opp. loc. celeber) ; solitudo ; locus ab arbitris remotus (C). RETIREMENT, || Act of retiring, by the verbs. R. fm office, abdicatio muneris. \\ Retired place, solitudo ; locus desertus ; locus ab arbitris remotus (C). || Retired state or life, solitudo; vita soli- taria; otium (freedom fm business, leisure). A person living in r. in the country, solitarius homo et in agro vitam agens : to live in r., vitam solitariam agere (in soli- tude). — habere or agere aetatem procul a republica (far fm political life) : to spend one's youth in r., juventu- tem procul a ccetu hominum agere : to withdraw into r., vitam solitudini mandare; a turba in otium et soli- tudinem se conferre (to go into solitude).— a negotiis publicis se removere ; de foro decedere {to withdraw fm political life). RETORT, v. referre. remittere. rejicere. regerere (re- torquere, e. g. crimen, argumentum, late). An argu- ment that can be easily retorted, contrarium genus ar- gumentations (Q., but not C; see Em. Lex. Rhetori- cum). RETORT, s. || A reply, responsum. responsio; or rather by the verbs. || A chemical vessel, *vas cbemicum curvo collo {Kraft) ; prps *lagena curvi colli (G.). RETOUCH, retractare qd (C, with the accessory no- tion of improving it). — emendare (to amend).— recudere (carmen, Muret.). refingere (orationem, Wolf.): in several places, crebris locis inculcare et reflcere (C). To r. a picture, picturam jam evanescentem vetustate coloribus iisdem, quibus fuerat, renovare (to freshen an old painting) —nova pictura interpolare opus (to put on fresh colours here and there). RETRACE, revocare. referre. To r. one's steps, recedere. reverti. se referre. redire : to r. in memory, memoria repetere qd ; memoriam cs rei repetere. RETRACT, dicta retractare (V.); revocare {post- Aug. in this sense): prps qd, ut indicium sit revocare velle (aft. L.). See Recant. RETRACTATION, @gp° not retractatio or revo- catio in this sense. Use the verbs. (C. uses naXivuidia in Gk characters in his epistles, e. g. Att. 7, 7.) RETREAT, s. \\ Act of retiring, abitus. disces- sus. receptus (of soldiers). To sound a r., receptui canere : to stipulate for a safe r., ut incolumibus ab- ire liceat pacisci : the signal for r., receptui signum. revocatio a bello (C. Phil. 13, 7, 15): to provide the means of r., receptui sibi consulere (Cees. B. C. 3, 11): to lose the means of r., receptum amittere (Pomp. ap. C): the r. being difficult, haud facili inde receptu (L.) : let us cut off all the means of r., that our only hope may be in victory, nos omnium rerum respectum praeterquam victoriae nobis abscindamus (L. 9, 23). \\ Place of retirement, solitudo. locus ab arbitris remotus. (as a refuge) refugium. perfugium. respectus (propr., place to which one may look back, and fall back upon; place of refuge; C., L.). — (for pleasure) seces- 8US, fis. RETREAT, v. {of troops) se recipere. se referre (not common). — referre pedem (gUT but noi retrahere pedem, wch is poetical). — referre gradum (of retreating fm actual engagement). To r. in excellent order, quie- tissime se recipere (Ca:s.) : to r. to the camp, se recipere ad castra {L.), in castra {Cces.); se referre in castra {Np.). RETRENCH, circumscribere. finire. coercere. re- primere. modum facere ci rei. To r. expenses, sump- tus circumcidere (L.) ; sumptus contrahere, minuere; parce vivere (C). RETRENCHMENT. By the verbs. RETRIBUTION, remunerate (in a good sense). — gratia (in a good or bad sense).— praemium. merces (re- ward, recompense ; mere, also in a bad sense). Or by the verbs ; c. a- par pari referre. rependere. referre gra RET tiam. In a good sense = Reward, which see. To ex- act a severe r., ulcisci injuriam a qo illatam. RETRIEVE. See Recover, Repair. RETROGRADE, adj. ||Propr.) retrogradus (Plin.); usually by the adv. retro, retrorsum. To have a r. mo- tion, recedere (opp. adire ; of the planets) : to make a r. movement, se recipere ; pedem referre: a r. motion, regressus (opp. progressus, C. N. D. 2, 20, 51 ; of the planets). — recessus (opp. accessus). || Fig.) irritus. vanus. RETROGRADE, v. j| Propr.) To go back, retro- gradi (Plin.). — retroire (Sen.). — se recipere; pedem referre (to retire, give ground). || Fig.) To decline, vid. RETROSPECT, respectus, us (act of looking back). — praeteritorum recordatio (opp. exspectatio reli- quorum, the prospect before us; C. Brut. 76, 266). To take a r. of, respicere qd. RETROSPECTIVE. To be r., or have a r. effect (of a law), in praeteritum valere : not to have a r. effect, prps *in posterum valere. RETURN, || Trans.) To give back, reddere (g. t). — restituere (to restore the same thing). — remittere (to send back). — redhibere (to r. a purchase that is imperfect, 8fc, in wch sense redd ere or reddere qd unde emptum est is also found. ^^° redhibere also = to take back). j| To repay, requite, referre qd. respon- dere ci rei (in an equal degree). — remunerari qd (as a remuneration). To r. like for like, par pari re- spondere or referre (JgggT not pro pari ; see Bentl. Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55). — parem gratiam referre ci (Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51) : to r. a salutation, salutem referre : to r. the affection of any one, cs amori respondere (gglT redamare is used only once by C. Lcel. 14, 49; and that with the addition of ' ut ita dicam : ' it should, therefore, not be employed in composition) : to r. kind- nesses, beneficia reddere ; beneficiis respondere (with services). — officiis beneficia remunerari (C. post Red. in Sen. 12, 30): to r. a present (by giving one similar), qm remunerari quam simillimo munere : / will r. this favour if you require it, and even without your requiring it, reddam vicem, si reposces ; reddam et si non re- posces (Plin. Ep. 2, 9, 6). || To reply, respondere, to athg, ci rei. referre. reponere (to answer an objec- tion). — subjicere (to answer immediately) : the shout was returned by others, clamor exceptus est ab aliis. || To give in an official account of one's property, %c, profiteri. ||Intrans.) To come or go back,iedire (to be on the way back or home). — reverti (to turn back). — reducem esse (of a happy return fm a distant country, captivity, fyc). — revenire (to come back; opp. advenire). — recurrere (hastily).— revolare (still stronger, to fly back). To order aby to r., qm revocare ; qm repetere (urgently) : to r. to any place, qo reverti or redire ; qm locum repetere (to a place where one used to be). — remi- grare (to a place where one lived before ; e. g. Romam). RETURN, s. || A coming back, reditio. reditus. R. home, reditus domum. R. of a disorder, see Relapse. || A giving back, restitutio (Pand. ; not redditio). By the verbs. In r., vicissim. || Re- quital, remuneratio (absol., C. Off. 2, 20, 69; bene- volentiae, C. Lcel. 14, 49) ; or by a Crcl. with referre (for relatio occ. only Sen. Ep. 74, 13, and de Benef. 5, 11, 1, sq., in the expression relatio gratiae, i. e. a returning of thanks by an act). || Profit, produce, fetus, proventus (of the soil).— fructus (g. t., that wch a thing produces, in fruits, money, fyc). — quaestus (gain). — reditus. vectlgal (income fm a thing). — merces (rent). R.'sfm estates, fructus, quern praedia reddunt; pfeedi- orum mercedulae (in money). — praediorum proventus (in fruils). — quod ex qa re refectum est (cf. L. 35, 1 ; Papin. Dig. 26, 7, 39, 8) : some clear r. still comes to the proprietor of the land (sc. after deducting tithes, #c), puri atque reliqui qd ad dominum pervenit (C. Verr. 3, 86. 200) : to yield or produce r., fructum ferre; fructum edere ex se ; fetum edere : the vineyards yield an abundant r., uberrimus est vinearum reditus : this estate makes an excellent r., hie fundus est fructuosis- simus ; hie ager efficit plurimum. There is a r. for the outlay, impensam ac sumptum factum in cultural», fructus reficit (Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8). || Report of property, %c (under an income tax), professio (with or without bonorum). REUNION, \\Act of rejoining, Crcl. by the verbs in Unite, with iterum or rursus. ^Recon- ciliation, reconciliatio. REUNITE, || To rejoin (trans, or intrans.), By verbs in Join or Unite, with iterum or rursus. || T o reconcile, reconciliare. REVEAL, detegere. retegere (vv. pr., opp. tegere, 165 REV contegere; to r. secrets, crimes, %c). — aperire (discover ; also of secrets, crimes, #c). — patefacere (open what was before concealed; rem, odium, &c.) — in medium pro- ferre, or proferre only (to make athg generally known ; in a good sense). Jn. proferre et patel'acere. — enunciare, evulgare, divulgare (to declare publicly what ought not to be declared at all, or at all events only to confidential persons). — manifest um facere dg5gr manifestare never occurs in good prose). — cum hominibus communicare (to reveal ; of God : eccl. revelare). — prodere (to betray). Revealed religion, *religio divinitus patefacta or cum hominibus communicata : to be revealed, patefieri. pa- tescere: to r. itself suddenly, e tenebris erumpere (C). REVEL, v. || Propr.) comissari. See also Ca- rouse. || Fig.) To delight; vid. REVEL, s. comissatio. See Carousal. REVELATION, \\Act of revealing; Crcl. with the verbs. \\ A discovery, vid. A divine r., visum a Deo missum. || Revealed religion, 'religio divinitus patefacta or cum hominibus communicata. || The Apocalypse, Apocalypsis (t. t.). REVELLER, comissator. REVENGE, s. vindicta (as an act of justice). — ultio (as an act of anger). — talio (as an act of retaliation). — poena (satisfaction by punishment inflicted). — ulcis- cendi cupiditas (the spirit of r.). — ira. iracundia (anger, wrath). To take r. on aby, expetere poenas a qo or in qm : a spirit of r., ulciscendi cupiditas. To glut one's r., see To Glut. REVENGE, v. ulcisci qm or qd. vindicare qm or qd. persequi cs poenas, or post-Aug. exsequi qm. poenas capere pro qo or cs rei. punire qd. Jn. ulcisci et punire. [For Syn. see Revenge, s.] To r. aby's death, cs mortem (or necem) ulcisci or vindicare or persequi : to r. aby by the blood of his murderer, ci or cs manibus sanguine cs parentare (Herzog. Cas. B. G. 7, 17, extr.) : to r. oneself on aby, uleisci or persequi cs injurias; ulcisci qm pro acceptis injuriis (never ulcisci qm alone in this meaning). — vindicare in qm ; poenas petere or repetere a qo : oneself on aby for athg, or to r. a person (by punishing him who wronged him), ulcisci qm pro qa re or pro qo (the person punished, in the ace). — vindicare qd a qo (to visit athg upon aby). — poenas cs or cs rei repetere a qo. REVENGEFUL, ulciscendi cupidus (in a single case).— qui nullam injuriam inultam atque impunitam dimittit (that is of a r. disposition). REVENGER, ultor or vindex cs ores rei. punitor cs rei (one who revenges aby or athg. Syn. in Re- venge, s ).— ultor injuriarum. punitor doloris (one who avenges himself for injury or wrong done). REVENUE, vectlgal. vectigalia (whether public or private income; in C. freq. in the latter sense; see Off. 2, 25, 88 ; Parad. 6, 3).— reditus (always in the singu- lar ; that wch comes in, return). — fructus (returns yielded by a thing, as by an estate, fyc). — pecunia, redi- tus pecuniae (income in ready money). Public r., fruc- tus publici (T. Ann. 4, 6, 3: if consisting of money, pecuniae vectigales) : r. fm mines, pecunia, quae redit ex metallis ; pecuniae, quas facio ex metallis : fm estates, praediorum fructus ; fructus, quern praedia reddunt : to have or derive r. fm athg, pecunias facere or capere ex re : to furnish r., in reditu esse : a fixed r., statum re- ditum praestare (Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 5): the expenditure exceeds the r., reditum impendia exsuperant. REVERBERATE, resonare. voci respondere (return an echo). — turres septem acceptas voces numerosiore repercussu multiplicant (Plin. 36, 15, 23 ; cause to re- verberate).—\&stis saltibus clamor repercutitur (Curt. 3, 10, 12; reverberates). REVERBERATION, resonantia (Vitr. 5, 3, 5). sonus relatus (C). vox reddita (L.), repercussa (Z\). There is a r., soni referuntur (C. N. D. 2, 57, 144). REVERE, venerari. colere. observare. Jn. colere et observare. g*^" C. uses venerari only with ref. to divine worship, or that wch is allied to it ; observare only of reverence towards men ; colere of both : obser- vare has respect rather to the feeling of reverence; colere to the act. REVERENCE, s. reverentia. verecundia. veneratio. admnatio. [Syn. in Awe.] fl As a title, *vir reve- rendus. REVERENCE, v. See Revere. REVEREND, venerabilis. venerandus. reverendus (venerable, deserving of respect). — gravis, augustus (esply with ref. to outward dignity). \\As a title, ♦reverendus ; when prefixed to a name, add vir ; e. g. the Rev. A. B., vir reverendus A. B.; so likewise, Rev. Sir, *vir reverende. REV REVERENT, reverens (T., Plin.). verecundus (of the habit or disposition). REVERENTLY, reverenter (T., Plin., Suet.). verecunde. REVERIE, somnium (vigilantis). REVERSAL {of a judgement), destructio sententiae {opp. confirmatio; Q. 10, 5, 12). — rei judicata infirma- tio (C). REVERSE, s. || Change, vicis, vices, vicissitudo. comrautatio. [Syn. in Alteration.] R. of fortune, fortunae vicissitudo : to suffer a r. of fortune, alteram fortunam experiri. || Opposite, contrarium. To do the very r., contra facere (|ggj|r not contrarium facere) : my opinion is the very r., ego contra pu to (C); mini contra videtur (S. Jug. 85, 1): to maintain the r., .in contrariam, in oppositam, ire or discedere sententiam ; contra dicere : whether he is happy or the r., utrum felix sit an contra. || The contrary to the ob- verse in a c o i n, pars aversa. REVERSE, v. || To alter, change, mutare. im- mutare. invertere. variare. [Syn. and Phr. in Alter ] || To overthrow, rumpere. evertere. abolere. Tor. a judgement, judicum rem judicatam irritam facere (C. Phil. 11, 5, 11): to seek to r. a judgement, rem judicatam labefactare conari. REVERSION, || Act of reversing, by the verbs, or by subst. in Reverse. || {In law), spes muneris. •spfes succedendi {vjith ref. to an office). — *spes heredi- tatis. pecunia morte cs ad quern piam perventura {aft. C. Top. 6, 29 ; with ref. to the fut. inheritance of an office). To promise aby the r. of an office, *spem succe- dendi ci facere. REVERT, redire. reverti. revenire. [Syn. and Phr. in Return.] REVIEW, s. recensio. recensus {the former as ac- tion; the latter as state). — lustratio {celebration of the lustrum). — recognitio {an inspecting, L., Suet.). To hold a r., recensum agere : to pass in r., transvehi {of the cavalry ; the action, transvectio equitum). — transire {of infantry). REVIEW, v. recensere. recensum cs agere {to go through singly, in order to satisfy oneself of the proper na- ture, number, 8fc. ; e. g. of troops, the senate, the people). — inspicere {to inspect ; e. g. the legions, fyc. ; cf. L. 41, 6, arma, viros, equos cum cura inspicere). — numerum cs inire {to take the numbers). — qd recensere et nume- rum inire (Cces. B. G. 7, 76). — lustrare {to make the solemn r., national and religious, every five years by the censor ; and with the army by a general every time that he came to the army, or at his departure out of his province, or before a battle): to r. a book, *libri cen- suram scribere; *libri cs argumentum recensere atque judicium de eo ferre ( Wyttenb.). REVIEWER {of a book), «censor. *judex doctus, literatus. *novi (-orum) libri (-orum) censuram (-as) Bcribens {Wyttenb.). REVILE, convicium ci facere. qm conviciis consec- tari, incessere. ci maledicere. qm maledictis insectari. maledicta in qm dicere, conferre, conjicere. probris et maledictis qm vexare. maledictis or probris qm incre- pare. maledictis qm figere. contumeliosis verbis qm prosequi REVILER, maledicus. Or by the verbs. REVILING, adj. contumeliosus. probrosus {of per- sons or language). — maledicus {only of persons). REVILING, s. maledictum. convicium. probrum. [Syn. in Abuse] REVISAL, REVISION, recognitio {a reconsidering, reviewing). Or by the verbs. — retractatio (Augustin.). REVISE, percensere. recensere {to sit in judgement on athg critically). — corrigere {to correct it). — retrac- tare. recognoscere {to go through it again to remove what faults may remain). To r. and enlarge, crebris in locis inculcare et reficere (C). All carefully revised and collated, omnia summa cura recognita et collata (C). REVISIT, revisere. iterum visere or invisere. REVIVAL, renovatio. Usually by the verbs. REVIVE, || Trans. Propr.) See Resuscitate. Revived, i. e. restored to life, not redivivus, but ab in- feris excitatus or revocatus. Fig.) vires reficere {bodily strength or vigour).— animum reddere, renovare, ex- citare {to give fresh courage or spirits). || Intrans.) reviviscere {propr.; then fig. to recover, of persons and things).— ad vitam redire (to come to Itfe again). — se colligere, se or animum recipere, respirare et se recipere, ad se redire (to recover oneself; of persons). REVOCATION, revocatio. Usually by the verbs. REVOKE, revocare (g. t.).— tollere (v. pr.; e. g. of an office, a law, a command, a judgement, friendship). — 166 RHA abolere {v. hist., not to suffer to be any longer valid, to abolish, abrogate). — abrogare (to r. by authority of the people a law, a decree ; also an office). — derogare legi or qd de lege (to r. part of a law ; but derogare is sts used with an ace. for abrogare; see Ochsn. C. Eel. p. 85). — abrogare legi (to repeal one law by another, or at least to deprive it of its full force). — inducere (to strike out, cancel ; e. g. a degree, contract). — solvere, dis- solves, resolvere (to dissolve). — rescindere (to render invalid; e.g. ordinances, contracts). REVOLT, s. defectio(abqo). rebellio. rebellium (re- sumption of hostilities by a conquered party, or one who has been compelled to maintain peace). To attempt or plan a r., defectionem moliri, attentare. REVOLT, v. rebellare. rebellionem facere (to renew a war, to rise again ; of a vanquished people). — sedi- tionem movere (g. t. to raise a disturbance).— imperium auspiciumque abnuere (to refuse obedience ; of soldiers, L. 27, 27). To r. against any one, resistere ci (to oppose). — imperium cs detrectare (to refuse obedience to).— deficere ab qo or ab cs imperio, desciscere ab qo (to fall off from). REVOLTER, defector (T.). rebellis (V., 0.); re- bellans. [Syn. in Revolt.] Or by Crcl. REVOLUTION, || Rotation, circular motion, circumactio. circumactus. ambitus (solis). — J^^not revolutio, wch is very late; August. \\Change in a state or government, rerum publicarum commu- tatio or conversio. rerum mutatio. res commutatae. civilis pertuibatio, seditio (tumult, disorder). To seek or endeavour to effect a r., res novas quaerere or moliri; novis rebus studere; rerum evertendarum cupidum esse: to promote disturbances and r.'s in a state, novos motus conversionesque reipublicae quaerere. REVOLUTIONARY, rerum evertendarum cupidus. rerum mutationis cupidus. rerum commutandarum cupidus. rerum novarum cupidus or molitor (all of persons). — seditiosus (of persons or things; e. g. voces, colloquia). A r. temper, ingenium ad res evertendas or commutandas proclive (aft. Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 51): to hold r. language in the clubs, seditiosa per ccetus dis- serere (T.Ann. 3, 40, 3). REVOLUTIONISTS, homines rerum commutan- darum cupidi (C). — rerum novarum molitores (Suet.). — rerum mutationis cupidi (C). Or Crcl. with rebus novis studere ; res novare. REVOLUTIONIZE, || To overthrow a govern- ment by violence, rerum publicarum statum vio- lenter commutare, perturbart, or evertere (aft. C). || To excite men to an uproar, tumult, cives ad res novas sollicitare, stimulare, incendere. REVOLVE, || Trans.) revolvere. circumagere. cir- cumvertere. To r. a thing in one's mind, rem secum animo volvere (L.); consilium animo volutare (Curt.); rem in corde versare (Plaut.); cogitare or meditan de qa re. See also Consider. j| Intrans.) se revolvere. revolvi (of stars, seasons, years). — circumvolutari (Plin.). circumagi. se circumagere. circumferri. cir- cumverti (of wheels, the heavenly bodies, fyc). — in orbem circumagi or se circumvolvere. REWARD, s. || The act of rewarding, remu- neratio, for alhg, cs rei (a repaying). \\ A thing given as a reward, praemium. pretium (Iggip" prae- mium is a prize that confers distinction on the receiver, as a r., opp. to poena; whereas pretium is a price for the discharge of a debt, as a payment). — honos (reward of honour). — merces (pay for services performed). — fructus (produce of pains and exertion : |g^" praemio- lum, common in modern writers, is without authority). To give or receive a r. ; see Reward, v. : to expect a r. for one's services fm any one, pretium meriti ab qo de- siderare: to propose a r. for athg, praemium cs rei pro- ponere. REWARD, v. praemium ci dare, tribuere, persol- vere. praemium ci deferre. praemio qm afficere, donare (g. t. to give a reward).— praemio qm ornare or decorare (to distinguish by a reward) — remunerari qm praemio (to remunerate by a reward). To r. with money, praemia rei pecuniariae ci tribuere: to r. richly, praemium ci dare amplissimum ; amplis praemiis qm afficere : to r. merit, virtutem honorare : to r. one according to his de- sert, meritum praemium ci persolvere : to be rewarded, praemium consequi ; praemio donari: for athg, prae- mium or fructum cs rei capere, percipere, ferre: by any one, fructus cs rei ferre ex qo : / consider myself richly rewarded, magnum rei fructum percepisse videor. RHAPSODICAL, interruptus (unconnected, of style, $c.).— dissipatus (rambling ; of a speaker). RHA RHAPSODIST, qui poetarum carmina pronuntiat (Q. 12, 3, 1). RHAPSODY, carmen (Lucr. 6, 9, 38).— rhapsodia (a name given to each of the books of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey). — farrago {a medley). — cento (a compilation ; Isidor.). — opus in breve tempus refectum (a light com- position). RHETORIC, rhetorica or rhetorice ; oratoria sc. ars (Q.). — ars orandi, or bene dicendi scientia. To write on r., de oratoribus scribere. RHETORICAL, rhetoricus. R. embellishment, cul- tus. ornatus. dicendi or orationis cultus or ornatus. dicendi or orationis or verborum lumina {any con- spicuous r. embellishment). — quasi verborum senten- tiarumque insignia {with ref. to expression and thought). fucus, pigmenta orationis (of ambitious ornaments used with bad taste). RHETORICALLY, rhetorice. RHETORICIAN, rhetoricus. rhetor. RHEUM, gravedo. catarrhus. destillatio (narium). See Catarrh. RHEUMATIC, rheumaticus (Plin.). RHEUMATISM, rheumatismus {Plin.). RHINOCEROS, rhinoceros {Plin.). RHOMB, rhombus (Frontin.) RHOMBOIDAL, rhomboides {Frontin.). RHUBARB, radix Pontica {Cels. : rha in very late writers; Ammian) — *rheum rhaponticum {Linn.). RHYME, s. *extremorum verborum similis sonitus. R.'s, versuum clausulae inter se consonantes {see Q. 9, 3, 45) : bad r.'s, *extrema verba non bene consonantia : verses in r., *versus extremis verbis in se consonan- tes; «versus qui extremis verbis similiter sonant. fcvgT Avoid such expressions as versus similiter desi- nentes or cadentes ; for C. employs the phrases similiter desinere or cadere only to denote the similar fall or ter- mination of periods ; see C. de Or. 3, 54, 206. I see neither r. nor reason in this, *haec quomodo inter se cohaereant, non intelligo. RHYME, || Intrans.) *in eundem sonum exire. •extremis verbis inter se consunare. || Trans.) *facere ut versus cum antecedente consonet extremis verbis. RHYMER, versincator (Q, Just.). RHYTHM, rhythmus (pv9p.6<: or pure Latin nu- merus, wch C. always uses), or numeri (numeros pv0- uovs accipi volo, Q.). RHYTHMICAL, rhythmicus (pvOfiiico?, C. Q.), or pure Lat. numerosus. RIB, costa. To break a r., costam frangere: his r. is quite broken, tota costa perfracta est {Cels.): to stick a man in the r.'s, cs latus transngere, confodere or transfodere gladio (sica, &c). \\ Ribs {of a ship), costae. statumina {the framework): the keels and r.'s were first made of light timber, carinae primum ac sta- tumina ex levi materia fiebant. || Ribs {on leaves), foliorum nervulae {Plin.). || Wife; vid. RIBALD, obscenus. RIBALDRY, verborum obscenitas (C). RIBAND, vitta {V.). taenia, fascia {strip or band of staff for the forehead or hair). — lemniscus (r. of a yarland ; the best word for the r. of an order); also prps by clavus (the purple stripe or stud worn on the tunic of Roman men). To trim with r.'s, *clavis, vittis variare, praetexere. RIIiBED, costatus (propr., Varr. ; e. g. boves). — nervosus (of plants; e. g. cauliculi, Plin.). RICE, oryza. A r. pudding, *pulmentum ex oryza confectum. *puls ex oryza confecta (if soft or fluid). — ♦oryza cocta (baked). RICH, || Propr.) dives (possessing much money, = pecuniosus ; opp. pauper). — locuples (far above want; opp. egens, egenus). — fortunatus (in good cir- cumstances ; less than dives). — opulentus (wealthy, and thence possessing influence). — copiosus (possessing the necessaries of life in abundance ; opp. tenuis, exllis). — beatus ( possessing abundance of earthly goods; opp. mendicus). Jn. locuples et copiosus ; opulentus et co- piosus ; locuples et refertus. When there is an especial ref. to money, pecuniosus. bene nummatus. argento copiosus (C). nummis dives (H.). pecuniae opulentus (T.). Very r., praedives (L.); perdives, magnis onibus praeditus (C): to be very r., divitiis diffluere, affluere, abundare; omnibus rebus ornatum et copiosum esse; amplissimam possidere pecuniam ; opibus maxime flo- rere; magnas opes habere; maxiir.is esse fortunis; omni rerum abundantia circumfluere : to make r., locupletare (C); ditare (L. ; but chiefly in the poets); opibus, divitiis augere, ornare qm ; divitem, opulentum facere qm (C); pecunia augere qm (T.) : to become r., div'tem fieri (C); ditescere (H. Sal.); ditari, locuple- 167 \ tari (C); ad divitias pervenire ; opes nancisci [£.); augeri, crescere opibus, divitiis, pecuniis, fortunis (aft. C). || Fig.) 1) Having abundance of athg, co- piosus. largus. uber. locuples. 2) Abundant, copi- osus. largus. plenus. opimus. R. presents, munera locupletia, magna (Np); ampla (Cces.). \\Costly, dives; pretiosus. A r. cloth, pannus auro, argento dives, pretiosus. RICHES, || Propr.) divitiae (opp. paupertas ; of a private man).— opes (as a means of influence; hence of the wealth of nations). — opulentia (power and greatness with good circumstances). — facultates, pi. [means; pri- vate).— fortunae (goods, in general). — copiae (plentiful means). — abundantia (affluence). — gazae (royal trea- sures). || Fig.) divitiae (rarely in this sense). — copia. ubertas. crebritas. abundantia. RICHLY, large, abunde. copiose. cumulate (C.) : liberaliter (Cces.) ; benigne, prolixe (Ter.): very r., effuse, uberrime (C). RICHNESS, abundantia. copia (abundance). — ubertas. fertilitas. fecunditas (of the soil: fee. also impropr. of the mind). Or by the adj. RICK, acervus : a r. of hay, meta foeni. To make r.'s of hay, fcenum exstruere in metas (Col. 2, 19, 2). RICKETS, *rachitis. *cyrtonosis. RICKETY, || Afflicted with rickets, *rachiti laborans. || Weak, crazy, fragilis (not durable). — caducus (inclined to fall or give way). — ruinosus, pronus in ruinam (tottering to a fall). RID. See Clear, Deliver. RID, (properly past partcp.) 1) To get rid of aby, qm amovere, removere, amoliri (g. tt.).— qm ablegare or amandare (by sending him away with some commis- sion or errand). — Jn. qm removere atque ablegare (C). — qm absolvere, dimittere (by satisfying his demands ; e. g. creditores (Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2). To get rid of one's creditors by giving them security, creditores interventu sponsorum removere. 2) To get rid, or be rid of a thg, solvi qa re (to be freed fm an obligation, 8;c. / e. y., of serving in the army, militia). — liberari qa re (to be freed fm it). — emergere ex qa re (to escape fm what one has been, as it were, sunk in ; fm difficult circum- stances, 8fc). — amoliri. amovere. removere (g. tt., to remove ; amol. by great exertions). To get rid of one's debts, aere alieno liberari ; ex aere alieno emergere ; or aere alieno exire : to get rid of expense, sumptum removere. RIDDANCE. See Deliverance. RIDDLE, s. \\ A puzzling question, enigma, aenigma, atis (C). griphus (an artificial and puzzling combination of words, used by the Greeks at their enter- tainments ; the word is employed with ref. to Greeks, Gell. 1, 2, 4; Appul. Flor.). — ambages (a dark and obscure expression; e. g. L. 1, 24). To propose a r., *qm aenigma solvere jubere ; *aenigma ci interpretan- dum, explicandum, proponere. To solve a r., aenigma solvere (Ruhnk.), interpretari, explicare. griphum dis- solvere : not to understand a r., aenigma non intelligere. || Fig.) R.'s, verba caecis latebris obscura (0. Met. 1, 388) ; sermones perplexi (L. 40, 5). It is all a r. to me, hoc vero obscurum mihi est ; hoc mihi non liquet ; hoc non intelligo : it is a complete r., hoc nemo conjectura assequi potest; hoc nemini liquet. To speak in r.'s, aenigmata loqui (Plin. Ep. 7, 12). || A coarse sieve, cribrum (carbonarium). RIDDLE, v. || To sift, cribrare. cribro subcer- nere. RIDE, v. || Intrans.) equitare; equo vehi (g. t.—fig£r equo or super equo ire is poetical). — equo invehi (to r. into). — equo gestari or vectari (to take exercise on horseback). To teach aby to r., qm equo docere: to learn to r., equo doceri : to r. away fm a place, avehi or evehi equo : to r. over or thronyh, pcrequitare (to r. through, r. about; e.g. per omnes partes). — equo col- lustrare (to inspect or survey on horseback; T. Ann. 3, 45, 3). To r. round, circumequitare or equo circum- vebi locum: to r. round between the ranks, interequi- tare ordines : tor. a horse round, equum agitare (for exercise): to r. round in a circle, certum equitare in orbem. y To ride at anchor, consistere in ancoris or ad ancoras. stare in ancoris (L.).— navem in ancoris teviere, or in statione habere (of a pilot or crew; of whom was also said, in ancoris commorari or exspec- tare; the last with dum). || Trans.) equo vehi, invehi, vectari (Syn. above). — equum exercere (for exercise). — equum tentare (for the purpose of trying a horse) : not to bear to be ridden (of a horse), sessorem recusare or non pati. RIDE, s. equitatio. vectatio (for exercise). To take a r., equo excurrere; equo vehi qo. See the verb. RID RIDER, |M horseman, eques (as distinguished fin a pedestrian ; also of a horse-soldier). — sessor {one who is on horseback). — rector (one who guides a horse) : to be a good r., equo habilem esse {to sit a horse well). — optirae equis uti (to manage a horse well). — equitandi peritissimum esse (to be skilful in horsemanship). A horse without a r., equus sine rectore: to have lost its r. (of a horse), rectorem amisisse. \\A clause added, adjunctio. RIDGE, \\Earth thrown up by the plough, porca {earth between narrow furrows). — \\ra.(earth between wide furrows). || The top of a mountain or hill, dorsum, jugum, montis (Cces., L. ; %jgj^° not tergum collis or montis, wch means the back or hinder part of a hill or mountain). I| A line or chain of mountains, continuum montium jugum (T. Germ. 47) ; con- tinuum montium dorsum (L. 41, 18); montes con- tinui (H. Ep.), perpetui (L.)\ juga velut serie cohae- rentia (Curt. 7, 3, 21); perpetuo jugo juncti colles (Mela, 1, 5, 3); jugum, quod montes perpetuo dorso inter se jungit (L. 41, 18); continuatio seriesque montium (aft. C. ; see Herz. ad Cccs. B. G. 7, 44). RIDGE-TILE, imbrex, icis (Plin.); tegula colli- cialis (Cat. 14, 4). RIDGY, jugosus (0.). Or by phrases in Ridge. RIDICULE, s. risus (laughter). — ludibrium (mockery, sport) : to excite r., risum movere, concitare : to expose to r., risui, ludibrio, qm exponere: a subject of r., ridiculus (um). RIDICULE, v. ludere. ludibrio habere, ludificare (to make an object of sport or r.). — illudere (to jest upon, amuse oneself with). RIDICULOUS, ridiculus. ridendus (C); deridi- culus. ridicularis (Plaut.): extremely r., perridiculus (C.) : a r. fellow, homo ridiculus (C); deridiculus (Plaut.); caput ridiculum (Ter.); homo perridiculus (C). A r. thing, res ridicula : to be r., risum movere, concitare. To make aby r., ridiculum qm facere (Juv.) ; risui, ludibrio qm exponere : to make oneself r„ riden- dum, irridendum se proponere ; risui, irrisui se ex- ponere; also, risum dare (H.) or praebere (Just.). RIDICULOUSLY, ridicule. Very r. perridicule. RIDING, ||(0« horseb a ck). equitatio. — vectatio (g. tt., for being carried, opp. walking ; vectatio et iter reficiunt animum). — vectatio equi (horse exercise). To give lessons in r., equo docere alios : to receive them, equo doceri. \\ A district, ager. territorium. RIDING-COAT, vestis quam equites gerere consue- verunt (aft. Np. Dat. 3, 1); lacerna. amiculum. RIDING-SCHOOL, hippodromus. RIFE. See Common. RIFLE, v. praedari. spoliare. See Plunder. RIFLE, s. *sclopetum striatum. RIFLEMAN, *sclopetarius. RIFT, rima (small). — fissura (large). RIG, || Propr.) navem armare. navigium, navem armamentis instruere. || Fig.) rebus omnibus instruere or armare. RIGGING, armamenta (pi.; Cces., L.); instrumenta navalia (L. 45, 23); also simply nav alia (Plin. 16, 11, 21); in a narrower sense (of the ropes), rudentes (C). To arrange the r., armamenta instruere (Cces.) or componere (Plant.); rudentes disponere (Q.). RIGHT, adj. || Opp. to left, dexter: the r. hand, dextra manus, or simply dextra: the r. eye, dexter oculus (Np.). On the r. side, ab dextro latere : on the r. hand, ad dextram ; a dextra (C), or simply dextra (Cces.). To be aby's r. hand (fig.), consilio et re ita juvare qm, ita adesse ci, ut opera mea carere non possit ; also, in this sense, Quintus Alius, ut scribis, Antonii est dextella (is Antony's r. hand, C. Att. 14, 20, 5; a playful expression). \\ Straight, in a di- rect line, rectus (e. g. recta linea, rectus angulus). || Agreeable, according to one's wish, gratus; commodus ; exoptatus. \\N ot wrong, fit, suitable, proper, rectus, verus. idoneus. aptus. To take the r. road (prop.), veram, rectam, ingredi viam: to go the r. way (fig), rectam, veram, inire viam, rationem, qua perveniam, deducar ad id, quod maxime volo (aft. C.). To set r., see Rectify, Correct. That is not the r. place, non est ille locus quo tendebam : that is not the r. book, non est ille liber quem quaerebam : to apply the r. remedies, apta, efficacia, remedia adhibere morbo : to hit the r. natl on the head, rem acu tangere (Plaut.). At the r. time, opportune, in tempore, in ipso tempore (C.) ; ad tempus (S.) ; per tempus (Ter.). To do athg at the r. time, in tempore, opportuno tem- pore facere qd (aft. C). To come at the r. time, in tempore, opportune venire (C): the r. size, measure, justa magnitude, mensura (Plin.). To make a r. use 168 RIG of athg, recte, bene uti qa re (C). ^True, real, verus (not false). — sincerus, germanus (genuine). The r. meaning of a word, vera notio, vis ac potestas, signi- ficatio, vocis, verbi. / say this in r. earnest, hoc serio, ex animo, dico (aft C.) : the r. ground or reason of athg, vera cs rei ratio, causa. || Legitimate, regular, Justus, legitimus. || Just, equitable, aequus; rectus ; Justus. It is r. and fair, hoc aequum est et bonuni : it is not r., minime convenit : all is not r., fra/udis qd subest ; hoc monstri simile est (Ter.). || Not mistaken; mly by Crcl., e. g. you arer., recte dicis, dixisti ; recte suades ; vera praedicas ; verum dicis; est ut dicis (aft. C); res ita est ut dixisti {Ter.); recte intelligis (C). RIGHT, RIGHTLY, adv. \\Properly, fitly, apte. accommodate. \\Truly, not falsely or wrongly, recte ; vere : if I understand r., nisi fallor, nisi animus mefallit (C); nisi quid me fefellerit (Ter.). Not to understand r., non satis intelligere qd. || Fully, completely, accurately, accurate; probe; bene; plane : to hit athg r. in the middle, plane medium ferire. J do not r. comprehend it, non satis, non plane, hoc scio, novi. || Very (with adjectives and adverbs), valde ; admodum ; bene ; also by a superl., or quam and superl.; e. g., r. often, saepissime: r. willingly, libentissime. \\Duly, recte; rite (form- ally).— satis (sufficiently). j| With justice or equity, recte; juste; bene; ut par, ut aequum, est; ut decet. It served you r. (colloquial), jure, merito hoc tibi accidit; non immeritas luis pcenas (aft. C); haud immerito id tibi accidit (L.). RIGHT, s. \\ Liberty, privilege, claim, jus; potestas; copia: common r.'s, jura communia. Wives have the same r.'s as the husbands, uxores eodem jure sunt quo viri (C). To grant equal r.'s, in parem juris libertatisque conditionem recipere (Cces. B. G. 1, 28) : with r., jure ; non injuria ; nee, neque injuria : with full r., jure optimo ($^Tnot summo jure). — recte ac jure ; merito atque optimo jure (C. ; (ggjirjure legally ; merito, morally ; recte, logically). To defend or main- tain one's r. strenuously, omnia pro suo jure agere ; jus suum sibi eripi non pati ; jus suum tenere, obtinere : to have r. to athg, jus ac potestatem cs rei habere : to yield one's r., (de) jure suo decedere (C, L.) : all have equal r.'s, aequatum est jus omnium (L. 2, 3). All the citizens must have equal r.'s, jura paria esse dehent eorum inter se, qui sunt cives ejusdem civitatis (C. de Rep. 1, 32). || That to wch one has a legal claim, jus: to give aby his r., jus suum tribuereci; jus dare, tribuereci; reddere ciquod jure suo postulare potest. RIGHTEOUS, \\Religious, pious, pius. sanctus. religiosus. — pius erga Deum. Jn. religiosus sanctus- que; sanctus et religiosus [Syn. in Holy]. || Up- right, Justus, aequus. rectus, integer. Over-r., nimis sancte pius (Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 8) : to be r., pie Deum colere ; pietatem erga Deum colere. RIGHTEOUSLY, || Religiously, piously, pie. sancte. religiose. Jn.' pie sancteque ; also religiossime. sanctissime. || Uprightly, juste, seque. recte. ho- RIGHTEOUSNESS, \\Piety, vid. || Upright- ness, justitia. honestas. rectum, integritas. RIGHTFUL, legitimus. debitus. Justus. RIGHTFULLY, legitime, jure, justo jure; jure meritoque. Jn. merito ac jure, jure ac merito. RIGID. See Stiff, Severe. RIGIDITY. See Stiffness, Severity. RIGIDLY. See Stiffly, Severely. RIGOROUS, || With regard to enjoyment, durus. A r. mode of living, duritia (relative to absti- nence or hard living, also of hardening the body). — parsimonia victus atque cultiis (with ref. to abstinence fm all luxury). A man of a very r. mode of living, vir vita durus : to lead or live a very r. life, parce ac duriter vitam agere. ^Strict, severe, sever us (severe in a moral point of view, as well agst oneself as agst others, then also of what shows such a character; opp. indul- gens. Clemens, e. g., judge, judex). — rigidus (rigid, e. g., censor, censor; disinleres'edness, innocentia). — (£§|r rigorosus, formed fm the French, is a barbarism.)— acer (lit. sharp, opp. lenis, mollis, e. g., judgement, judicium). — acerbus (harsh, opp. lenis). Jn. acer et severus ; acerbus et severus.— austerus (austere, e. g., like the Stoics, opp. comis). See also Severe. RIGOROUSLY, severe, rigide. acriter. acerbe. austere, diligenter. Syn. in Severely. RIGOUR, || In a physical sense, rigor (e. g., of the cold, frigoris). — asperitas (roughness, asperity, e. g., of the winter, hiemis).— saevitia (e. g. frigoris hiemis, RTL excessive cold). \\ In a moral sense, severitas rigor, acerbitas. austeritas. saevitia [Syn. in Seve- rity]. RILL, rivulus. rivus. RIM, margo (e. g., of a shield, plate, #c). — ora (broader than margo). — labrum (e. g., of a ditch). — crepldo (a brink, edge). See also Edg e. RIME, prulna (gelicidium, Cato; Bg^grgelu is frost, ice, cold). RIMY, pruinosus. RIND, cortex (outer).— liber (inner) To be covered with r., cortice, linro, obduci: to strip off the r., decor- ticare (Plin.); delibrare (Col.); delibrare corticem (Col.). RING, v. || Trans.) tinnire : to r. at a door, pulsare fores or januam (in the sense of the ancients, who always knocked). — *agitare tintinnabulum forium (in our sense). To r. the bell for aby, *aeris tinnitu qm arcessere; digitis concrepare (to snap with the fingers, as the ancients did, in calling slaves). \\ Intrans.) tinnire (only prop.). — sonare (g. t. to strike the ear). The ears v., aures tinniunt. RING, s. || A circle, orbis. circulus. A r. round the moon, halo (Sen.) ; round the moon or sun, corona lunae or sohs (Sen. Q.N. I, 2,1). \\A circular substance, annulus : a finger r., annulus : a little r., annellus: a seal r., annulus signatorius, or, fm the context, simply annulus: a marriage r., annulus proniibus (JCt.; an- nulus in fidem conjugii datus) : adorned with r., annu- latus : a r. chain, catena annulis conserta (aft. V. Mn. 3, 467) : to exchange r.'s, annulos commutare, dare et accipere: to wear a r. on the finger, annulum in digito habere (Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 59); gestitare (Plant.) : to put on a r., annulum digito induere, aptare, inserere. To take off a r., detrahere ci annulum (Ter.): an ear-r., inauris (Plaut.), or annulus de aure dependens; curtain r.'s, velares annuli. \\An open place in a town, forum. RING-DOVE, *columba Cauda torquata (Linn.). RINGER, *campanarum agitator. RINGING, Crcl. A r. in the ears, murmur aurium (Plin. 28, 7, 3). RINGLEADER, caput, signifer. fax (r. of a party, a conspiracy, 8>c). The r. in a civil war (who gave the signal for its breaking out), tuba belli civilis (C. ad Div. 6, 12, 3). RINGLET, annulus. cincinnus (Plaut. ; artificial). cirrus (Mart. ; natural). RINGWORM, lichen, or pure Latm, mentagra (see Plin- 26, I, 2). (g^gT mentlgo, impetigo = scab. RINSE, eluere. colluere. To r. the mouth, colluere os (Plin. 23, 4, 38). RIOT, s. || Revelry, comissatio ; bacchanalia, pi. (drunken feasts). — bacchatio. || Tumult, uproar, tumultus. seditio. turbse, pi. [Syn. and Phr. in Commotion.] RIOT, v. I| To revel, comissari. bacchari. debac- chari. || To be in a state of uproar, tumultuari; tumultus movere ; tumultum facere or praebere. RIOTER, || A reveller, comissator. bacchans. || A turbulent person, seditiosus. turbulentus. RIOTOUS, || Disorderly, dissolutus. A r. liver, homo vinolentus ac dissolutus ; dissolutus ; luxuri- osus; potator (fond of drinking). || Seditious, sedi- tiosus. turbulentus. tumultuosus. RIOTOUSLY, seditiose. turbulente or turbulenter. turbide. RIP, divellere. scindere. discindere. To r. open a wound, vulnus divellere (Flor.); refricare, exulcerare (C). RIPE, || Propr.) maturus (of fruit that has attained its full size and flavour). — tempestivus (of fruit that has grown quite long enough). — coctus (mellowed by the sun, of grapes, %c). A r. ulcer, ulcus ad suppura- tionem perductum. Thoroughly r., permaturus : to become r., maturescere (Ctt's.); ematurescere (Plin.); percoqui (Col.) ; matuntatem adipisci (Plin.), assequi (C); ad maturitatem venire (Plin.) : to be almost r., non multum abesse a maturitate (Cces.). \\ Fig.) maturus ; tempestivus. A r. judgement, judicium ma- turum (C. Ccecin. 3, 7); judicium firmum, certum, subtile, rectum, verum (C.) : r. age, setas matura (Ulp.), firmata (C). R. in years, in understanding, maturus annis, animo (0.). RIPEN, ||Trans.) ad maturitatem perducere. matu- rare. To r. an ulcer, ulcus ad suppurationem perdu- cere. || Intrans.) maturari, maturescere. ematures- cere. ad maturitatem venire or pervenire (prop, physically).— rnaturitatem aetatis ad prudentiam asse- qui (fig. of the mind; aft. C. ad Div. 4, 4, 4). RIS RIPENESS, maturitas. tempestivitas (prop, and fig.).— maturitas tempestiva (prop). R. of judgement, judicandi maturitas. RIPPLE, v. leni murmure delabi, defluere. lene susurrare (Claud.), rorare (Col.). A rippling stream, fons lene sonantis aquae (0.); jucundo labens mur- mure rivus (id.). RIPPLE, s. *lenis, placidus, lapsus (of the sound). — unda parvula (of the form). RISE, v. || Propr.) surgere. exsurgere. — consur- gere (esply of several). — se erigere (to raise oneself up ; of little children trying to raise themselves fm the ground) : fm a seat, surgere e sella : to r. up (when a person appears), assurgere ci (as a mark of respect) : fm bed, surgere, with or without (e) lectulo or (e) lecto. surgere cubitu (propr. — ex morbo assurgere, of leaving one's bed after a disease) : fm table, surgere a ccena ; also poscere calceos (asking for one's shoes as a sign of intending to r. fm table). \\ To mount up on high, se levare (of birds; pennis or alis). — levari, sublime ferri. sublimem abire. Clouds r., nebulae levantur in nubes : the smoke r.'s fm the cottages, fumus evolvitur e tuguriis. The barometer r.'s, *argentum vivum baro- metri tollitur. A storm rises, tempestas cooritur. || To swell, vid. || (Of the heavenly bodies), oriri. exoriri.— emergere (of the stars ; not of the sun). || (Of thoughts in the mind), subire mentem or animum. — succurrere. A thought r.'s in my mind, subit cogitatio animum. \\(Fm the dead), reviviscere. in vitam redire. ab inferis exsistere. ab Oreo in lucem reducem fieri (according to heathen notions).— ab inferis excitari or revocari. || (Of the day), appetere. dies appetit. lucescit. dilucescit. illucescit. As soon as the sun rose, ubi primum illuxit. || To rise in the stomach (of food), ructum ciere, movere, or facere. || To rise in blisters, pustulari. || Fig.) To come into notice, appear, prodire. — exsistere. se efferre (of eminent men). — exoriri (of remarkable persons or things, whe- ther good or bad ; e. g. libido ; ferrea proles ; Sulla ; ultor, &c). || To advance in rank or dignity, procedere honoribus longius ; altiorem ascendere gra- dum ; in ampliorem gradum provehi ; altiorem digni- tatis gradum consequi : to r. above others, alios supe- rare, vincere, post se relinquere. To r. to the highest pitch of human greatness, in summum fastigium emergere et attolli. \\ To rebel, exsurgere contra or adversus qm (T.); cooriri in qm. imperium cs detrec- tare. — consurgere ad bellum. ad bellum cooriri.— re- bellare (v. pr. of those who had been subdued). See Rebel, Revolt. \\To mount up, become higher, (of prices), cariorem fieri, pretium cs rei excan- descit. incendi. ingravescere. crescere. augeri (of the price of corn; annona). || To advance to athg ( = to pass fm a lower to a higher point), transire ad qd. To r. fm the necessary arts to the arts of luxury, a necessariis artificiis ad elegantiores defluere (C. Tusc. 1, 25, 62). || To flow or proceed (fm), to be generated (by), fluere, manare, proficisci, nasci, gigni, exsistere, erumpere, ex qa re.— oriri (g. t.). — scaturire. excurrere : fm a place, ex (of springs, fountains, fyc. : on exc. vid. Curt. 3, 1, 3). — profluere (of streams, fountains, #c). — originem habere (of streams). — sequi qd (to result fm athg). \\ To raise itself (of things), se tollere. se attollere. surgere. assurgere. exsurgere. A hill that r.'s gradually, clementer editus (or assurgens) collis : rising a little fm the plain, paullum ex planitie editus : not to be able to r. higher, se tollere a terra altius non posse (of plants). RISE, s. \\(Of the heavenly bodies), ortus, ex- ortus (of all the heavenly bodies). — ascensus, emersus (of the planets or other stars; the former esply of the moon). The r. and setting of the stars, sideruin ortus et occasus ; siderum ortus et obitus : at sunrise, sole oriente ; sub luce. A little before sunrise, sub ortum lucis. \\ Rising ground, clivus leniter assurgens. \\ Source, origin, fons. causa, initium. caput. To gvc r. to, efficere; occasionem praebere. See Cause. RISIBILITY, Crcl. by verbs in Laugh, or substt. in Laughter. RISIBLE, ad ridendum compositus : there is no- thing to excite my r. faculties, non habeo, or non est, quod rideam. RISING, By the verb, or Rise, s. RISK, alea. periculum. discrimen (attended with danger): at my r., meo periculo; meo Marte (Jg^T not meo proprio Marte). R. of one's life, vitas or mortis periculum (g. t.).— vitae or salutis discrimen (dangerous silualio7i in wch one is placed, involving r. RIS of life).— capitis periculum or discrimen {when one is in danger of suffering capital punishment) : at the r. of one's life, cum capitis periculo : to run the r. of losing atkg, de qa re in dubium venire (e. g. de civitate, C. Ccecin. 7, 18): to run or incur the r. of one's life, adire vitae or capitis periculum ; mortis periculo se committere : to be at the r. of one's life, in capitis or vitae periculum vocatum esse, ad mortis pericu- lum adductum esse (of an accused person). — in prae- cipiti esse {of a sick person). To run a r., periculum subire ; fortunae se committere. RISK, qd in aleam dare, ire in aleam cs rei (to peril or r. athg). — qd audere (to dare athg).— periculum cs rei or in qa re facere ; qd tentare, experiri, periclitari (to try one's luck in a dangerous business). Jn. experiri et periclitari : one's life, committere se periculo mortis, adire vitae or mortis periculum : to r. one's life on aby's behalf, vitae or capitis periculum pro qo subire ; inferre se in periculum capitis atque in vitae discrimen pro qo ; vitae dimicationem subire pro qo : not to refuse to r. one's life for aby, pro qo vitae dimicationem non profugere. RITE, ritus, us. See also Ceremony: funeral r., see Funeral. RITUAL, adj. ritualis (Fest.) ; solemnis. RITUAL, s. liber ritualis (Fest.). RIVAL, s. aemulus (e. g. gloriae, laudis, regni).— rivalis (almost always of a r. in love). — obtrectator (a political r.). RIVAL, v. aemulari (to emulate).— certare, concer- tare, contendere cum qo (to contend with). RIVALRY, aemulatio. obtrectatio. rivalitas (in love). RIVE, findere. diffindere. discutere (to strike asunder). RIVER, (lumen, fluvius. amnis (|^p°flumen usually of larger r.'s, flowing into the sea; fluvius, of smaller fresh water r.'s, wch are sts dried up ; amnis, a stream, with ref. rather to the flow of the water, or its breadth and depth). Of or belonging to a r., fluviatilis (e. g. piscis); fluvialis. fluviaticus. or by the gen. fluminis, e. g., a r. God, *fluminis numen. A great r., fluvius magnus, flumen magnum : a small r., amniculus : a rapid r., flumen rapidum, fluvius rapidus; amnis incitatior : a slow or gentle r., amnis sedatus ; in- credibili lenitate flumen est, ita ut oculis, in utram partem fluat, judicari non potest (Cces. B. G. 1, 12; is so slow) : to turn the course of a r., amnem in alium cursum deflectere et contorquere (C. Div. 1, 19, 38). The r. has shady and pleasant banks, amnis multa riparum amcenitate inumbratur (Curt.). The r. divides the city, amnis mediam urbem interfluit (C). The r. flows into the sea, amnis in mare evadit (Curt.); flumen in mare influit (C.) : the bed of a r., fossa (e. g. fossa Rheni; see C. Pis. 33, init.): down ther., secundo flumine : up the r., adverso flumine. RIVER-HORSE, hippopotamus. RIVET, s. clavulus (little nail).— cuneus trajectus (a wedge driven through). RIVET, v. *clavulo figere qd : to r. one's attention, aures cs tenere. RIVULET, rivulus. rivus. RIX DOLLAR, *imperialis, or thalerus imperialis (the term Rix Dollar is a corruption of the German Reichsthaler, i. e. dollar of the empire). ROACH, *cyprinus rutilus (Linn.). ROAD, || A way, prop., via (the r. itself). — iter (journey, route): a made or paved r., via (lapidibus) strata (L. 8, 15, 9 ; in later writers also simply strata; see Eutrop. 9, 9, 15). To pave a r:, viam lapidibus sternere, consternere. || Fig.) A way, means, via: a right r., via; via certa : a wrong r., error (an error). — vitium (a fault) : to fall into the wrong r., in errorem induci, rapi (to be led aside, through want of consi- deration). — a virtute discedere, honestatem deserere (through one's own evil inclination) : to be on the wrong r., errare (without knowing it). — vitam deviam sequi (wilfully). To bring aby into the wrong r., qm in errorem inducere (to lead into error). — qm transversum agere (to lead fm the path of virtue). \\ A station for ships, statio navium (any anchorage). — salum (a part of the open sea, opposite the coast) : to lie at anchor in the r.'s, stare in salo, or in salo ante ostium portus, with or without in ancoris (of ships). — in salo esse (of sailors). ROAM, vagari. palari (to wander about alone). ROAN, (*equus) albus maculis albis sparsus. ROAR, rudere (V.); rugire (Spart. ; of lions). — rudere, vociferari (of men). — mugire, fremere (of thunder). — immugire (of a storm, a volcano). — mugire, immugire (of the sea). 170 ROC ROARING, mugltus, us. ROAST, || Trans.) assare (meat; Apic. 2, 1); co. quere (g. t., to bake dry, e. g., bread, lime). — torrere, torrefacere, siccare (to dry, scorch, e. g., fruit). — frigere (to broil, fry ; as, eggs in oil, ova ex oleo) : to r. a little or slowly, subassare (Apic. 4, 2, $c): to r. on a spit, in veru inassare: roasted, assus. ||Intrans.) assari (Appul.); torreri. || Impropr.) To r. aby, cale- facere qm (to make him hot by attacking him). To r. aby well, luculente calefacere qm (C). ROAST MEAT, assum. caro assa. assa, orum, n. (of several joints). R.beef, assum bubulum : r. veal, assum vitulinum. ROB, privare qm qa re (to take away athg fm a person, so that he suffers loss). — spoliare, (more strongly) despoliare or exspoliare (to strip, deprive of). — Jn. detrahere spoliareque; spoliare nudareque; either a person or a thing, qm or qd, or a person of a thing, qm re; adimere (to take away).— eripere (to snatch away), ci qd ; detrahere (to draw away or fm), ci qd, or (more rarely) qd de qo ; auferre (to carry or take away), ci qd or qd ab qo. depeculari (to steal fm, to pillage, fyc); Jn. spoliare qm qa re et depeculari. — diripere (to plunder towns, $c.).— expilare, com- pilare (to rifle) qd ; the latter also qa re. frauuare qm re (to cheat of).— nudare, denudare, exuere qm re (to deprive or make bare of athg).— orbare qm re (to take athg wch is dear to us, as children, hope, #c). — multare qm re (to take fm by way of punishment, to amerce). To rob one of a kingdom, regno qm nudare, expellere, multare : to rob one of one's country, patria qm multare, privare, expellere; in exsilium qm ejicere, pellere (by sending him into exile) : to rob one of one's whole fortune, qm omnibus bonis evertere, expellere ; qm de fortunis omnibus deturbare : to rob one of one's children, qm orbare liberis ; liberos ab qo abstrahere : to rob one of one's senses or understanding, qm detur- bare de mente et sanitate: robbed, orbus qa re (and most participles of the verbs already given) : robbed of one's children, liberis orbatus: of the use of one's limbs, membris captus : of sight and hearing, of one's under- standing, oculis et auribus, mente captus : of hope, spe orbatus. ROBBER, raptor (one who violently takes away athg specified). — praedo (one who seeks for plunder). — latro (one who robs openly, and with violence). — fur (a thief, one who robs secretly). — pirata (a sea-r., pirate). A band of r.'s, latronum or praedonum globus (or turba, H.); latrones; praadones. ROBBERY. See Plunder. ROBE, s. See Cloke, Gown. Gentlemen of thl long r., homines forenses. Master of the r.'s, prps vestispex (Inscr.). Mistress of the r.'s, vestispfca (Plaut.). ROBE, v. vestem talarem, togam, sibi induere (one- self). — togam induere ci or toga induere qm (another). ROBIN, *motacilla rubecula (Linn.). ROBING-ROOM, » vestiarium (although this denoted properly a place where clothes were kept, not where they were put on; see B'dttig. Sabin. ii. p. 91). ROBUST, robustus. validus. firmus. valens. integer. Jn. robustus et valens. firmus et valens [Syn. in Healthy]. ROBUSTNESS, robur (corporis), vigor, nervi, pi. ROCHET, || A n episcopal vestment, *roche- tum (t. t.). || A kind of fish, erythinus (Plin.). ROCK, s. saxum us. fictus {fictitious); see also Fabulous.— gratus. amcenus (of place, charming). R. shores and coasts, amoenitates litorum et orarum. ROMANTICALLY, fabulose. ut in fabulis fit. ROMP, s. || Rude play, ludus protervus. \\ A boisterous girl, *puella proterva or lasciva. ROMP, v. prolerve ludere. ROOD, || A pole, pertica; see Pole. || An image of the cross, *crux sacra. ROOF, s. || Prop.) tectum (g. t., esply the outer part of a r). — cantherii (the inner part, the rafters).— cul- men (the highest line of a r., the ridge; then also the whole r. ; see L. 27, 4, aedis culmen Jovis fulmine ictum). — tegulae (a r. covered with tiles). — tectum scan- dulare (a r. of shingle; Appul. Mel. 3, p. 137, 2).— sug- grunriium or suggrundatio (a pent-house, eaves). A building (temple, fyc.) without r., aedificia hypaeihra : to have advanced as far as the r., ad tectum pervenisse (of a house in course of bui'ding) : to k>-ep the r., #c, of a house in good r., domum sartam et tectam conservare ; sarta tecta aedium tueri : to blow off the r., deturbare tectum ac tegulas; de tecto tegulas deturbare (Plant.): tectonudare. || Fig.) = House; e.g. to live under the same r. with one, una adesse in unis aedibus (Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 76 1 ; habitare cum qo : t<> welcome aby under ones r., tecto ac domo invitare qm (to invite) — hos- 171 ; ROS pitio qm excipere (lo receive). — moenibus tectisque accipere qm, or tectis ac sedibus recipere qm (of the inhabitants of a town who give shelter to persons in flight, $c). ROOF, v. tegere, integere, contegere qa re; with wood, scandulis contegere ; with thatch, stramento in- tegere. ROOFLESS, non tectus (not covered in).— apertus (open). ROOK, || A bird, *cornix nigra frugilega. || At chess, *turris. ROOM, || Space, spatium (g. t.). — intervallum (space between). There is not r. enough in the house, domus parum laxa est: to have r. for athg (prop.), non capere qd ; (fig.) admittere, accipere; locum dare: plenty of room, laxitas (e. g. in a house; C. Off. 1, 39, 139). || A n apartment, chamber, conclave (r. that can be locked up, chamber, dining-r.). — cubiculum (r. for lounging or reclining in; but cmly sleeping r.). — diaeta (any r. in wch one lives; e. g. a summer-house with chambers attached). — membrum (chamber, as por- tion of a house; apartment). — cubiculum hospitale (dining-room). — cubiculum dormitorium. membrum dormitorium (sleeping r.). A side r., cubiculum conti- nens, or junctum et continens, conclavi ; cella minor (a smaller r. in general; Vitr.). || Occasion, op- portunity ; vid. \\ Place, \id. ROOMINESS, laxitas (C). ROOMY, spatiosus (that occupies a large space). — amplus (of great extent). — laxus (not narrow or con- fined).— capax (that can hold much). Jn. spatiosus et capax. A r. house, spatiosa et capax domus ; laxior domus (Veil, 2, 81). ROOST, s. stabulum (avium cohortalium, pavonum, Col.). ROOST, v. stabulari (Col.). ROOT, s. || Propr.) radix, stirps (the r. with the whole of the lower part of a tree). A little r., radicula. To take r., pull up by the r.'s; see the verb. || Fig.) radix, stirps. causa, semen, fons. See also Cause, Origin. [\In grammar, vocabulum primitivum (Gramm.). ROOT (itself), v. radlcem or radices agere (also impropr., C. Off. 2, 12, 43), capere or mittere. radicari (only propr.). — in radices exire.— Iradicescere only once; Sen. Ep. 86, fin.]— insidere. inveterascere (fiy., to be- come inveterate ; the former of something suspected ; the latter of a custom or evil). To let athg r. itself, favere or alere (fig.) : the tree is deeply rooted, radices arboris altius descenderunt : to be deeply rooted, altissimis ra- dicibus defixum esse : rooted, radicatus; quod radices egit (propr.). — inveteratus ; connrmatus : deeply-rooted, penitus defixus (impropr.; of faults, fyc). — penitus insftus (of an opinion, implanted): there he stood as if rooted in the ground, defixus stabat (t): the Gauls stood as if rooted in the earth by fear, pavor defixerat cum ad- miratione Gallos. || To root out or up, a) Propr.) eradicare. exstirpare. radicitus evellere, extrahere, evellere et extrahere. eruere (dig up).— runcare (hoe up weeds). /3). Fig.) exstirpare. delere. exstinguere. ex- cldere. To r. athg up or out thoroughly, cs rei radices evellere et extrabere penitus; omnes cs rei siirpes ejicere; qd funditus tollere. Jn. exstirpare et lunditus tollere (e. g. superstition ; the last also of faults, pas- sions, fyc.).— e natura rerum evellere (annihilate) : to r. out a nation ; see Extirpate : to r. all human feeling out of aby's heart, omnem humanitatem ex animo cs exstirpare. ROPE, funis (a thick r.).— restis (a small r.). — rudens (sail r.).— retinaculum, ora (anchor r., cable). To stretch a r., funem extendere: to dance on the tight r., per funem ingredi (Q.); per funem extentum ire (//. Ep.); per extentum funem ponere vestigia (C. Manil. 5, 652). ROPE-DANCER, funambulus (Ter., Suet.); sebce- nob&tes (Inscr.); Crcl. qui meditatus est (i. e. didicit) per extensos funes ire (Sen. de Ira, 2, 13); petaurisra (avaulter). A r.-d.'s pole, pertica libratoria. Igg" Hal- ter would be incorrect; for halteres (aXrhc^) were masses of lead held in the hands in leaping, §c, in order to assist the swing of the arms. ROPEMAKER, restio (Plaut., Suet.).— restiarius (Front.). ROPEWALK, «locus ubi funes texuntur. ROPEYARN, «siamen. ROPY, lentus. tenax. viscosus (Pall.). ROSARY, «rosarium (t. t.). See also Bead. ROSE, rosa (the plant and the flower ).— rosae flos (the flower). A r.-hed, area rosis consita: of r.'s, rosaceus: oil of r.'s, oleum rosaceum or rhodinum ROS (Plin): r. leaf, rosae floris folium: the scent of r.'s, odores qui afflantur e rosis {aft. C. Cat. Maj. 17, 59); *odor rosarum : to lie among r.'s, in rosa jacere {Sen. Ep. 36, 9); vivere in aetema rosa {Mart. 8, 77). Of or belonging to a r., roseus : r. colour, color roseus : r.'s on the cheeks, color egregius (C. Fin. 2, 20, 64): oil of r.'s, oleum rhodinum. oleum rosaceum, or rosaceum only. ROSEBUD, calix rosae. ROSEBUSH, rosae frutex. rosa. ROSEMARY, rosmarinum or rosmarinus {Plin., Col.), libanotis {Plin.). ROSE WATER, aqua rosata. ROSIN, resina. ROSTRUM, rostra, pJ. ROSY, roseus. rosaceus {made of roses). R. lips, labra quae rubent rosis {aft. Mart. 4, 42, 10). ROT, v. putrescere. putrefieri. putescere or putis- cere. vitiari. fracescere {of fruit, esply of olives). To cause to rot, putrefacere. ROT, ROTTENNESS, putor. putredo. caries. [Syn. in Rotten.] ROTATION, rotatio {Vitr. 10, 3).— circumactio {a turning itself round, Vitr. 9, 8, 15) : in r., per ordinem : r. of crops, ordo culturae {e. g. hunc ordinem culturae experti probavimus). ROTATORY, By Crcl. with verbs in Turn, in- tra» s. ROTE. To learn by r., ediscere. memoriae man- dare, tradere, committere, infigere. To say by r., memoriter pronunciare, recitare; ex memoria expo- nere. ROTTEN, putidus {of flesh, fruit, #c.).— putrtdus {decayed, rotten; of teeth, a house, §c). — rariosus {eaten away). — vitiatus {spoiled, putrefied; of flesh, fruit, fyc). — marcidus (e. g. asser). ROTUNDA, *aedificium rotundum, rotundatura ; or aedes in modum circini exstructaj {aft. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 17). ROTUNDITY, forma rotunda (C). rotunditas(P/z«.). ROUGE, s. purpurissum. fucus (non fuco illitus, sed sanguine difFusus color, C). ROUGE, v. purpurissare {trans. ; Plaut.). — *pur- purisso linere. To have one's cheeks rouged, buccas belle purpurissatas habere {Plant.) : rouged cheeks, buc- cae purpurissatae (C). ROUGH, asper {opp. levis or lenis: of roughness that causes pain, as of thorns, fyc. ; also of the sea, and of the voice). — salebrosus {rugged). — confragosus {with broken fragments of rock, fyc, in wild confusion). — pro- cellosus {stormy). — horridus. horridus et durus. asperi animi (r. in mind). — incultus. inhumanus. inurbanus (r. in manners). — infabre factus, inconditus, non arti- ficiosus {roughly made, not well finished). The r. breath- ing {in grammar), spiritus asper. ROUGH-CAST, trullissatio {with lime).— arenatio. arenatum {with sand and mortar). To r.-c, parietem trullissare ; parieti trullissationem inducere (to cover with coarse mortar).— |ggp° parietem loricare opere tectorio = to whitewash. ROUGHLY, aspere. horride [Syn. in Rough]. — crasse [coarsely). To live r„ horride vivere : to treat aby r., aspere tractare qm : to speak r., aspere loqui {with severity, 8cc). — horride loqui (in a strong and forcible, though rough manner). To speak r. to aby, horride alloqui qm (T.) ; qm severius adhibere (C. ad Att. 10, 12, 3). || Rudely, in an unpolished manner, inurbane, rustice. vaste (e. g. loqui). — in- ficete. illibeialiter. incomposite. \\In an unskilful, unfinished manner, inscite. incommode. ROUGHNESS, asperitas (e. g. viarum, faucium, coeli, vocis, opp. lenitas vocis, vini; also naturae, and of character). — aspredo and asperitudo (Cels.). — crassi- tudo (opp. to fineness). || Roughtiess of manners, fyc, inhumanitas, inurbanitas. rusticitas. mores in- culti or rustici. R. of speech, verba rustica (rough, coarse words). — maledicta. probra. probra et maledicta (abuse, fyc). — contumeliae (insulting language). R. of mind, ingenium incultum (want of cultivation). — as- peritas animi (savage r.). — feritas animi. A savage or brutal r. of mind, feritas animi et agrestis imma- nitas. ROUND, adj. rotundus (g. t.). — globosus (globular). — orbiculatus (circular). — teres (cylindrical; rounded [not square'], said of long bodies). To make r., rotun- dare. corrotundare. To take a r. form, se rotundare, or rotundari; conglobari; conglobari undique aequa- liter. A r. number, numerus par (equal number). — solidum (a whole). A good r. sum, magna pecuniae summa, or numi non mediocris summae. 172 ROW ROUND, prep, and adv. (of local surrounding) circum ; circa (for the difference between these words, see About. |ggip Circumcirca, r. about, does not belong to Class, prose, wch uses instead of it circum et circa) : r. in a circle, in gyrum : r. in succession, in orbem: all r., totus circum. — in circuitu. Often by circum in composition : to ride r., circumequitare or equo circumvehi (locum): to roll r., circumvolvere (trans.), circum volvi (intr.). — Sts by per: to wander r., pervagari (locum): to lookr., circumspicere. circum- spectare. oculos circumferre. perlustrare (omnia. &c): to look r. in a threatening way, oculos minaciter cir- cumferre: to dig a trench r. a city, oppidum fossa (vallo fossaque) circumd&re. ROUND, v. rotundare : to r. itself, se rotundare or rotundari ; conglobari (spherical). To r. itself equally on all sides, conglobari undique aequaliter. || Fig.) to r. a sentence, sententiam, ordine verborum paullo commutato, in quadrum redigere (C. Or. 70, 233). The rounding of a sentence, verborum apta et quasi rotunda constructio; structura ($g^T not circumscriptio in this sense): rounded, rotundatus (made r.).~ rotundus (r.). — conglobatus (like a ball) : fig., of speech, quasi ro- tundus. A sentence is properly rounded, forma con- cinnitasque verborum facit orbem suum (C. Or. 44, 149). ROUNDLY, liliere. To deny r., ci praecise negare ; ci plane sine ulla exceptione praecidere. ROUSE, exsuscitare. expergefacere (e somno). ex- citare (e somno). suscitare somno or e quiete ; all may be used without e somno, &c. : also fig. See Arouse. ROUT, s. || A clamorous multitude, see Crowd. || Discomfiture, see Defeat. To put to the r., fundere fugareque : to put to the r. with (great) slaughter, stragem dare or edere or facere. ci cladem afferre or inferre. qm prosternere. ci detrimentum inferre. qm ingenti caede prosternere. qm ad interne- cionem caedere or redigere, or delere hostem, or hos- tium copias occidione occidere or caedere. hostium internecionem facere, &c. : to be put to the r., cladem pugnae or simply cladem or calamitatem or incommo- dum or detrimentum accipere. ad internecionem caedi or deleri; ad internecionem venire. Should the army be put to the r., si adversa pugna evenerit. [g*|r It may be remarked here, that the Romans, in speak- ing of their own defeats, or when introducing a person as speaking of his, were in the habit of using the euphe- mistic terms of adversum prcelium or adversa pugna (unlucky fight; L. 7, 29, extr. ; 8, 31, 5); or incommo- dum, detrimentum (mishap, loss ; C. Lcel. 3, 10; Cces. B. G. 1, 3; 5, 52; 6, 34, &c), and obitus (complete defeat; Cces. B. G. 1,29). ROUT, v. (an army). See To put to the rout, in Rout, s. ROUTE, iter (journey). — via (way, road taken). — ratio itineris or itinerum ( plan of a journey, C. Fam. 3, 5, 3). To continue one's r., viam or cursum tenere; viam persequi ; iter pergere ; iter reliquum conficere, pergere: en r., in itinere: to be en r. to Rome, iter mihi est Romam : to take r. for a place, iter qo movere or dirigere; cursum suum qo dirigere; viam qo ha- bere: to take different r.'s, diversos discedere, abire: to change a r., flectere iter. ROUTINE, usus. exercitatio. habitus, facilitas con- suetudine et exercitatione parta (aft. Q. 10, 8) : mere r., usus quidam irrationalis (Q. 10, 7, 11 ; Greek rpifiti a\oyos). To be accustomed to the r. of business, in negotiis gerendis, administrandis bene versatum or exercitatum esse. This is a mere matter of r., hoc vero tralaticium est (C). ROVE, palare. vagari. See Wander. ROVER, \\Onewho wanders about, erro. vagus, multivagus (Plin. 6HT vagabundus late). || A pirate, vid. ROW, s. ordo (v. pr. |g^" series rather = succes- sion, series). In a r., ordine. ex ordine. in ordinem. per ordinem (in regular or due order). — deinceps (one after another). To build a r. of houses, domos con- tinuare. ROW, v. Trans.) remis propellere. || Intrans.) remigare; remis navigare; navem remis ducere or propellere. To r. with all one's might, remis conten- dere: tor. back, (navem) remis inhibere; retro navem inhibere. To r. off or away fm shore, navem remis incitare et terram relinquere, or et altum petere (see Cces. B. G. 4, 25). ROWEL, || The points of a spur turning on a little axis, *rotiila calcaris. \\A roll of hair put into a wound, *funis, funiculus e pilis, crini- bus contortus (as to its substance).— fonticulus (t t., at to its use). ROW ROWER, remex. The r.'s, remiges, pi., or remi- gium (L. 26, 51, § 6). ROYAL, regius, or the gen. regis {of or belonging to a king, that relates to his person or dignity). — regalis {worthy of a king, fit for a king. $gf" This distinction is always observed by good prose writers ; in C. Tusc. 1, 48, 116, and Np. Eum. 13, 3, ornatus regius is the ornament ivch belongs to the king ; but in C. de Fin. 2, 21, 69, ornatus regalis, is ornament as rich as that of a king; again, cultus regius, S. Cat. 37, 4, is magnifi- cence such as a king has or ought to have; but H. Od. 4, 9, 15, cultus regalis is only magnificence like that of a king ; sententia regia is an opinion, sentence of a king, sententia regalis, noble, worthy of a king). The r. family, reges ; *domus regia. ROYALIST, regi amicus, regis studiosus. faciens cum rege {aft. C). ROYALLY, regie, regium in morem. regio more, regal iter. ROYALTY, regnum {a kingdom).— regia. potestas {royal power). The ensigns ofr., regia insignia, pi. RUB, \. fricare {to clean or s?nooth by rubbing, also to wear). — confricare {to wear away). — terere, atterere, usu deterere {to wear). To rub in or into, infricare: to rub oneself, fricari : to rub round, circumfricare : to rub the eyes {so as to bring tears), oculos terere: to rub down, defricare. To rub out, eradere (to scratch out). — inducere {to erase by rubbing the inverted style over). — To rub up or over, see Retouch. To r. athg {me- tallic) bright, detersum qd nitidare, atque rubigine liberare (Col. 12, 3). RUB, s. || Act of rubbing, tritus. attritus (so as to wear). — fricatio. fricatus (of the body). || D iffi cutty, vid. ' RUBBER, || One who rubs, tritor (e. g., of paint, fyc). — fricator (of the. body ; late). \\ A cloth used in rubbing, *linum ad detergendum or abstergen- dum factum. \\ A coarse file, scobina (Plin.) ; lima crassa, aspera (Jan.). \\Indian rubber, *gummi elasticum. || To win a rubber, *ludo bis vincere. To play a r., ludere. RUBBISH, || Prop.) rudus ; rudera {pi.; rubble, $c). — ejectamentum (athg cast away). — quisquiliae (refuse). To cover with r., ruderare (Plin.) : to clear of r., eru- derare (Solin.). \\ Fig.) of worthless persons, quisqui- liae, faex, sentina (C); qui sunt infra infimos homines onines (Ter.) ; purgamentum (servorum, Curt.). RUBICUND. See Red. RUBRIC, rubrica (prop, the title of a law, wch was written in red characters : hence = 'law' itself, e. g. Masuri rubrica, Juv.). RUBY, carbunculus. *rubinus {t. t.). RUDDER, gubernaculum, clavus {prop, and fig.). To hold or guide the r., gubernaculum tractare, clavum tenere. See also Helm. RUDDINESS, rubor. RUDDLE, rubrica (sc. terra, any red earth). RUDDY, rubidus. rubicundus. rubeus. RUDE, rudis (inexperienced, e. g., as an artisan). — incultus, agrestis (unma?inerly).—feTUS, immansuetus (not tame, wild). Jn. ferus agrestisque (clownish). — asper {rough, harsh). — inurbanus (not polite). R. man- ners, mores agrestes or feri. RUDELY, aspere. inurbane. Usually by the adjj. RUDENESS (uncivilized state of manners), feritas. Usually by the adjj., e. g., mores agrestes et feri. R. of (their own) manners, (sua) inbumanitas. RUDIMENTS, initia, elementa, rudimenta (with or without prima). To learn the r.'s, prima elementa dis- cere: to be instructed in the r.'s, primis elementis or Uteris imbui : to be still engaged in the r.'s, in tirociniis haerere : to be but a little beyond the r.'s, paulum qd ultra primas literas progressum esse. To know the r.'s of an art, qa arte imbutum esse. RUE, v. See Repent. RUE, s. {a plant), *ruta graveolens (Linn.). RUEFUL. See Sad, Sorrowful. RUFFIAN, homo nequam. sceleratus. scelus, eris. homo pugnax, manu promptus (quarrelsome). RUFFIANLY, nefarius (contrary to laws natural and divine). — scelestus (wicked, vicious). — improbus (bad). A r. deed, nefas. facinus nefarium. scelus. {more strongly), scelus nefarium. RUFFLE, v. turbare. perturbare. agitare (of things, or of the mind). — molestia africere (of the mind). — auster disturbat freta (r.'s, agitates, Sen. Hippol. 1011). To r. their feathers, inhorrescere (as a hen, when she has laid an egg). See also Agitate. RUFFLE, s. *limbus manicae praefixus. RUG, stragulum; *pannus crassiore lana contextus. 173 RUL RUGGED, confragosus {prop., also fig. of speech).— salebrosus (prop, and fig. ). — inconditus. horridus or (less strong) horridulus (fig. of speech ; opp. levis). — asper through, prop. ; also of speech, unpolished, opp. cultus). R. places, aspera, sc. loca, pi. ; aspreta, pl.t salebrae. To complain ofr. roads, salebras queri (t). RUGGEDNESS, asperitas. See Roughness. RUIN, s. || Destruction, ruina; excidium (prop, and fig.).— interitus. pernicies. naufragium. occasus. Jn. occasus interitusque {fig.). To avert r., perniciem depellere : to plan aby's r., ci perniciem struere, parare, moliri. To come to r., perire, interire [Syn. and Phr. in Destruction]. \\ Ruins, fragmenta, orum (broken pieces, fragments). — reliquiae {remnants, e. g., of a wreck). — naufragia, orum (prop, the remnants of a wreck ; but fig. of persons or things, as we say, r.'s). ruinae (of a building, city, $c. ; L. g^p" not in C). — rudera, um {walls, $c, broken into small fragments ; post-Aug.). — vestigia, orum (the site of a ruined town, fyc). — parietinae (dilapidated walls; e.g. Corinthi ; C. Tusc. 3, 22, 53, Orelli). The smoking r.'s of Thebes, fumantes Thebarum ruinae. A town deserted and nearly in r.'s, urbs deserta et strata prope minis : to fall to r.'s, frangi ; ruinis collabi : to be buried under the r.'s of a house, ruina aedium opprimi ; or, if followed by death, oppressum interire. Here on one spot the r.'s of so many cities lie before us, uno loco tot oppido- rum cadavera projecta jacent (Serv. Sulpic. C. Fam. 4, 5, 4 ; prps too far-fetched for prose). RUIN, v. || To demolish, to destroy, vid. || To injure greatly, perdere. pessumdare. ad interitum vocare. praecipitare (stronger term). — confi- cere (entirely, altogether, e. g., a part of the citizens by imposts, partem plebis tributo). — trucidare (lit. to kill, e. g., by high interest, fenore). — profligare (to subvert, also of health, $c). — Jn. affligere et perdere. affligere et prosternere. prosternere affligereque. affligere et profligare (all = funditus perdere or evertere, i. e. to r. completely). To try to r. aby, cs interitum quaerere. || To impoverish, qm ad paupertatem protrahere. ad inopiam redigere. ad famam rejicere (stronger term). To r. oneself entirely, se detrudere in mendicitatem. RUINOUS, || Dilapidated, ruinosus; pronus in ruinam (ready to fall). — vitiosus (injured, damaged). — dilabens (falling to pieces). To be in a r. condition, ruinosum esse, ruinam minari (to be on the point of falling). — labare (to totter). The house is in a r. condi- tion, aedes vitium fecerunt. || Destructive, perni- cious, perniciosus. exitiosus. exitialis. exitiabilis. damnosus. funestus. pestilens. pestifer. [Syn. in Hurtful.] RUINOUSLY, perniciose. pestifere. funeste. RULE, s. || A n instrument for drawing lines and measuring, regula {for drawing straight lines). — norma (for measuring squares). — amussis {a carpenter's r.). \\ A law, regulation, constitu- tion, lex (a prescribed method of acting or of doing athg; hencef^^f leges dicendi, ' the r.'s of grammar ;' in wch case regulae would not be Latin). — praescriptum, praeceptum ; cs rei, or with a gerund in di. BSjf regula (an instrument for drawing straight lines) and norma ( prop, a square, an instrument for marking out right angles) can never be employed with ref. to a single r. or prescription, but only when ' the rule' is equivalent to 'a body of rules, a code;' hence these words always take a gen., or there is a circumlocution, as, regula ad quam qd dirigitur, or qua qd judicatur; norma qua, or ad quam, qd dirigitur. |g^~ There is no plural regulae, or normae, in the sense of ' rules' To prescribe a r., legem dare, scribere ; praeceptum dare, tradere ; pras- cipere; praescribere. To give r.'s concerning athg, praecipere, tradere de qa re : to observe or follow a r., legem servare, observare; praescriptum servare; prae- ceptum tenere (|ggr regulam servare is not Latin). Made by line and r., ad legem ac regulam compositus (Q. 12, 10, 50). It is to be observed as a r., not to 8fC, tenendum est hoc cs rei praeceptum, ne &c. It is a r. in athg that, haec lex in qa re sancitur, ut. It is an exception to the r., hoc excipio. I depart fm my r., *discedo a more meo: to live by r., dirigere vitam ad certain normam ; * vitam severis legibus astringere. ^Government, dominion, imperium. potestas. ditio. principatus. dominatio. dominatus. regnum [Syn. in Dominion]. RULE, v. || Trans.) To draw lines with an instrument, lineas ad regulam dirigere, exigere : to r. paper, *chartam lineis signare, distinguere : ruled paper, *charta lineis ex atramento signata. A ruled table, tabula lineis distincta (Gesner). \\ To govern, imperare, imperitare, cs esse imperatorem, imperio RUL regere or imperio tenere qm, qd (lo have the command over a person or thing). — dominari, dominationem habere in qm {to exercise unlimited power over ; esply fig.).— praeesse ci or ci rei {to preside over). To r. a city, urbem imperio regere : to be ruled by aby, imperio cs teneri ; teneri in cs ditione et potestate : to submit to be ruled by aby, imperium cs sustinere ; se regi ab qo pati {opp. imperium cs detrectare). The mind r.'s the body, animus regit corpus: to be ruled by ambition, ambitione teneri. \\To manage, constituere. ordi- nare. decernere. dirigere. ||Intrans.) To be in com- mand, civitatem regere ; imperium tractare ; regnare ; esse in imperio ; potiri rerum ; potiri sceptra {Liter), sceptris {V.), regnis {Veil.); imperio uti (5.) ; regnum (in loco) exercere {Plin.). RULER, || Owe who rules, a governor, domi- nator cs {the governor; C. N. D. 2, 2, 4, dominator rerum Deus). — dominus, of aby, cs {unlimited master, lord; hence the pure Latin term for tyrannus). — mo- derator, gubernator. rector. Jn. rector et moderator {guide and governor; esply of God). — tyrannus {one that has raised himself to dominion; a tyrant). — princeps ; imperator {as prince, emperor. |ggj|r of the silv. age) : fern., quae imperio regit ; dominatrix, mode- ratrix, gubernatrix. The sovereign or universal Ruler, regnator omnium ; cujus numini parent omnia {of God; regnator omnium Deus, cetera subjecta et parentia; T. Germ. 39, 5). \\An instrument for ruling with; see Rule, s. RUM, *sice"ra e saccharo cocta; *vinum Indicum. RUMBLE, sonare. crepare. crepitum dare. RUMBLING, sonitus. crepitus. RUMINATE, || Prop.) ruminari, and (post-Aug.) ruminare {Col.).— remandere (post-Aug.). \\To me- ditate, vid. RUMINATION, ruminatio (Plin.). RUMMAGE, excutere (v. pr.) — scrutari, or (more strongly) perscrutari (to search and examine). RUMMER. See Cup. RUMOUR, fama. rumor. See Report. RUMP, os sacrum (t. t., prop.).— nates, clunes (but- tocks). RUMPLE, v. corrugare ; in rugas plicare ; rugam (-as) figere in re. * RUMPLE, s. ruga. RUN, cursus (g. t., of bodily motion, fyc.) — lapsus (a flowing, esply of water). — curriculum (in a race-course). — motus (motion, g. t.). The ordinary r. of affairs, rerum humanarum cursus. RUN, v. || Of persons, currere (g. t.). — decurrere (fm a hiijher to a lower point ; fm a place, a, ab ; down fm, de ; out fm, e, ex ; through, per with an ace , or by a simple ace. ; to a place, ad ; so that whenever the terminus a quo or the terminus ad quern is not men- tioned, it must be supplied). — cursu ferri (with haste). — aufugere (to run away) — cursu tendere qo (to run to a place). — accurrere (to run hither). — percurrere (to run to). — procurrere (to run forth or out). — se proripere (to run forth or out; both e. g. in publicum; foras). — effundi, se effundere (to flow out, of a mass of persons; e. g. in castra). — currere in &c. (to run into athg ; but incurrere in qm, in qd, means, to run agst, to attack). — transcurrere qd (to run over athg ; then absol. = to run over to or fm, e. g. ad qm). — circumcurrere, cir- cumcursare locum (to run about in a place). — pervagari locum (to pass through quickly). To run agst each other, inter se concurrere : to run to aby, currere, cursum capessere ad qm; transcurrere ad qm (lo aby who is or dwells over agst us). — concurrere ad qm (in order to speak to him; see Grcev. C. Quint. 16, 53): to run oneself out of breath, cursu exanimari : to run for a wager, cursu certare ; certatim currere. Run as fast as you can, percurre curriculo. Run as fast as you can and bring, curriculo eas et afferas; curricuio affer, afferas, &c. ($g^°This adverbial use of curriculo is found in the language of common life, in the Com. writers, and in Appul.) Run and fetch him, curre, arcesse eum. Run away, abi ! fac abeas ! to come running, accurrere. Fig., to run after athg (i. e. to solicit or sue earnestly for a thing), ambire (absolutely ; ft&j^not ambire munus). To run after a girl, virginem ambire nuptiis (in order to marry her; aft. T. Germ. 17, 2).— circa domum virginis assiduum esse (to frequent her house). || Of things moveable, currere (|g£p~ in prose only of such things as move in a circle; e. g., a wheel, a ball; of rivers, #c, it is used only by poets and prose writers of the silv. period; hence, e. g., for flumen per ultima Indiae currit, Curt. 8, 9, 9, it ought to be flumen per ultima Indiae fertur ; for amnes in aequora currunt, V. Mn. 12, 524, the prose expression would be amnes in RUR maria influunt, &c. Likewise decurrere ex or in for defluere, to flow down, is rather poetic). — ferri (to be borne along with rapidity ; of the heavenly bodies, rivers, fyc). — labi, delabi (to glide along or down; of water, S;c.). — devolvi (to roll down).— fluere, into athg, in qd ; through athg, per qd (to flow). — influere in &c, effundi, se effundere, in &c. (to flow into; e. g. in mare). — in- trare qd, locum (to enter or go into; e. g., of ships, portum). exire loco, ex loco (to run out fm a place). — ferri, moveri, torqueri circa qd (to turn itself about athg; e. g., of the sun, circa terram).— serpere per &c. (to run or entwine itself on or about athg, of plants; e. g. per humum). Running water, aqua flueas (opp. aqua putealis) or aqua fluvialis or viva; flumen vivum (a river) Running brooks, salientes rivi. Tears run down the cheeks, lacrimae manant per genas (see H. Od. 4, 1, 34); fluunt per os lacrimae (0. Met. 4, 581). The candles are running, candelae diffluunt: tc run round athg, i. e. to surround it, cingere qd (e. g. urbem cingit fossa alta). The road runs (leads) to Rome, hasc via fert (|ggr not ducit) Romam. || Fig.) To r. into debt, aes alienum contrahere or conflare. Run against, incurrere or incursare in qd (to strike agst in running). — offendere qd (g. t., to strike agst). To run agst aby, in qm incurrere atque iuci- dere. To approach violently or boisterously, incurrere; incursare ; irruere ; impetum facere in qm. Run away, fugere. aufugere. effugere. See Flee, Desert. \\Of a horse, effrenatum incerto cursu ferri (L. 37, 41) ; «frenis non parere. Run down, || Intrans.) defluere. delabi. |j Trans. Prop.) peragere qm (to run down without giving any rest, Cal. in C. Ep. 8, 8, 1. Sen. Ep. 58, i).— aefatigare (to fatigue thoroughly). || Fig.) To calumniate, defame, vid. Run from. See Desert, Abandon. Run on, procurrere (to run further).— profluere (to flow further; of water).— decurrere (e. g. manus in scribendo, Q. 10,7, 11): the pay runs on, procedunt ci aera (L. 5, 7, 12). The interest runs on (i. e. at com- pound interest), centesimae fenore perpetuo ducuntur (C. Alt. 5, 21, extr.). Interest that runs on, centesimae perpetuae (opp. quotannis renovatae, ibid. 6, 2, extr.). Run out, \\As liquids fm a vessel, effluere. emanare. stillare. exstillare (by drops).— clepsydra ex- tremum stillicidium exhausit (has run out, Sen.). \\To project, excurrere. procurrere. prominere (in archi- tecture). A promontory that runs out into the sea, promontorium in mare procurrens. Run over, \\Peruse hastily, percurrere. \\Drive over in a carriage, jumentis obterere qm. Nero whipped his horses and ran over a boy on purpose. Nero citatis jumentis puerum haud ignarus obtririt (Suet. Ner. 5). Run through, || Prop.) percurrere, percursare ; pervolare (to go through with speed). — discurrere qo loco or per locum (in different directions, = to run about, of several). — decurrere (to leave behind in running). — emetiri (qu. to measure through). || Fig.) To spread quickly, of a report, fyc, pervadere locum (e. g. forum atque urbem). — discurrere (in all directions; e. g. tota urbe). \\To pass quickly through in succession, percurrere ; decurrere. l J o run through each post of honour, efferri per hono- rum gradus ad summum imperium. \\ To wear away by running, usu deterere (the soles of shoes). cursu atterere (the feet; aft. Plin. 18, 15, 61). || To pierce, perforate, vid. Run up (a building), constituere repente (ad neces- sitatem) aedificium (Hirt. B. G. 8, 5); subitarium aedificium exstruere (T. Ann. 15,39): (an account), conflare aes alienum (S.). || (Of a fit of trembling), per- stringere qm. Run upon. See Run against. RUNAGATE. See Vagabond. RUNAWAY. See Deserter, Fugitive. A r. slave, fugitivus. RUNDLE, cylindrus (a cylinder).— gradus (a step). RUPTURE, s. I! Breach, ruptum. scissum (prop.). violatio (fig.). || Dissension, falling out, dis- cordia (discord, want of unanimity). — dissidium (dis- sension, disagreement ; $*j^not discidium, wch— sepa- ration): to cause a r., discordiam concitare. There is already a slight r. between them, jam leviter inter se dissident. It comes to a r., res ad discordias dedu- citur; discordia oritur. || (A disease), hernia; ramex: afflicted with a r., intestinum descendit ; ramicosus ($3^° herniosus in later writers). RUPTURE, v. See Break. RURAL, rusticus. agrestis. campestris (C): r. occu- RUS palions or affairs, res rusticae. A r. population, sur- tici. Devoted to r. pursuits, rusticis rebus deditus. See also Rustic. RUSE. See Artifice. RUSH, s. (a plant), juncus. — scirpus (7pr7ro? or tpls.). procur- satio (L). To s., or make a «., erumpere, facere ex- cursionem or eruptionem (e. g ex oppido) ; eruptione ex urbe pugnare; portis se foras erumpere; egredi e portis et hosti signa inferre. || Fig.) impetus, aestus (e. g. ingenii, a s of wit). SALMAGUNDI, satura (sc. lanx or res). SALMON, salmo, onis (Plin.). *salmo salar (Linn.). S. fishing, captura salmonum : s. colour, *ad colorem salmonis accedens. SALOON, oecus (Vitr.; g. t.). conclave amplius, majus. atrium (for receiving company or giving audi- ence). — exhedra (for assemblies ; Vitr.}. SALT, s. || Propr.) sal. Common s., sal popularis (Cat.) : rock s., sal fossilis : sea s., sal marinus : refined s., sal candidus, purus : fine s., i. e. beaten small, sal minute tritus : to turn to s., in salem abire (Plin.) : to eat bread and s., salem cum pane essitare (Plin. ; conf. H. Sat. 2, 2, 17): to sprinkle s. over athg, sale con- spergere qd (Col.), or rei salem aspergere (Plin.): a s. spring, *fons aquae salsae ; *fons unde aquae salsae pro- fluunt : a s. pit, salis fodlna (Varr.); salifodina (Vitr.); salina (C, Cess.) : a dealer in s., salinator (L.) : a grain of s., grumus or mica salis (Plin.): the s. trade, nego- tium salarium ; salis commercium (L.) : a s. warehouse, •horreum salis; *horreum salibus servandis. ggp" The pl salia, salts, used by some moderns, is not found in any ancient writer. || Fig.) sal. sales, pl. ; e. g. Attici sales (C. Fam. 9, 15, 2).— Attico lepore tmcti sales (Mart. 3, 20, 29). SALT, adj. salsus. S. fish, piscis sale conditus or maceratus : s. meat, caro sale condita ; also salsamenta, orum (n. pl. ; s. meat or fish, an article of trade or com- merce) : a s. taste, sapor salis (Plin.) ; sapor salsus (Lucr.). SALT, v. salire. sale conspergere. salem aspergere ci rei (to strew salt over).— sale condire (to season or preserve with salt). — sale macerare (to dissolve).— sa]e indurare (to harden with salt). To s. thoroughly, sale obruere. SALTCELLAR, salinum(iT.). concha salis (H. Sat.). salillum (a small s. ; Catull.). SALTING-TUB, vas salsamentarium (Col., in pl., tubs in wch salt fish, fyc. are kept). — *cadus salsa- mentarius. SALTISH, subsalsus. SALTNESS, salsitudo (the permanent condition of a salt substance; Plin.). — salsedo (salt flavour of athg ; Pall.). — salsugo. salsilago (quality of being salt ; Plin.). SALTPETRE, nitrum (g. t, Plin.).— sal petrae (t. t.). Rough s., nitrum crudum (t. t.): refined s., nitrum de- puratum (t. t.) : full of s., nitrosus : spirit of s., spi- ritus nitri. SALUBRIOUS, salutaris. saluber (C). gg|r Some Gramm. say salutaria sanitatem, salubria salu tern afferunt. S. situations, loci salubres (C). SALUBRIOUSLY, salubriter. SALUBRITY, salubritas (prop, and fig.). SALUTARY, (I PRor.) salutaris. saluber (C). medi- cus (Plin.). || Fig.) salutaris (opp. pestifer). saluber (opp. pestilens). utilis (useful). To be s., saluti esse ; prodesse; juvare; ci, ci rei, cs saluti, or ad qd condu- cere: s. advice, consilia salubria (C, Curt.): to adopt s. measures, consiliis salubribus uti (C. Alt. 8, 12, 5). SALUTATION, salutatio. consalutatio (the latter esply of several). — salus (a salute). — appellatio (an ad- dressing, accosting ; Cces. B. C. 2, 28). After mutual s., salute data in vicem redditaque ; salute accepta red- ditaque: to return a s., salutem ci reddere or referre (C). SALUTE, s. || Salutation; vid. U A discharge of artillery, fyc, in honour of any one, salu- tatorius, gratulatorius tormentorum bellicorum et sclo- petorum strepi'us(£>aw.). To fire a s., *tormentorum fra^oribus gaudium testari. SALUTE, v. salutare qm. salutem ci dicere. salutem ci impertire or salute qm impertire (see Zumpt, § 418). salutem ci nunciare (fm any one else). To s. any one heartily, plurimam salutem ci impertire ; plurima salute qm impertire : to s. in return, resalutare qm ; resalutatione impertire qm : our whole family s 's you, tota nostra domus te salutat : to s. any one absent, jubere qm salvere or salvum esse (g. t., to wish him 2 Y SAL well).— mittere salutem ad qm, per qm (to send a salu- tation through any one) : to s. a person in the name of another, nunciare ci cs salutem; nunciare ci salutem cs verbis (|g^" not cs nomine; see Interpp. ad Np. Them. 4, 3) : to s. one another, salutem dare reddere- que; salutem accipere reddereque; inter se consalu- tare: to s. (as soldiers), *militari more colere qm. SALVE, unguentum (g. t.).— collyrium (eyes.). To anoint with s., ungere ; inungere (C); unguentare (Suet.) ; unguento ungere, oblinere, qd (C.) : a box for s., pyxis unguentaria. SALVO, exceptio (limitation, saving stipulation). — conditio (condition ; g. t.). With this s., hac lege or hac conditione, or cum hac exceptione, ut. Without any s., sine (uila) exceptione (C); sine adjunctione. SAME, ejusdem generis (of the s. kind). — idem, eadem, idem, unus et idem (just the s., one and the s.); e.g. of the s. colour, ejusdem coloris ; at the s. time, eodem or uno eodemque tempore : to be the s., nihil differre ; nihil interesse : bodily exertion and pain are not the s., interest qd inter laborem et dolorem: it is the s. to me, mea nihil interest (it makes no difference to me). — mea, nihil refert (it does not affect me) : it is not at all the same whether . . . or, multum interest, utrum ... an : to regard as the s., juxta habere or aestimare : to write always the s., nihil nisi idem quod saepe scribere : to hear always the s., semper ista eademque audire: to be always harping on the s. string (Prov.), cantilenam eandem canere (Ter.) ; uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundere (C. de Or. 2, 39, 162) SAMENESS, by Crcl. ; e. g. the s. of a business, ne- gotium semper istud idem (aft. L. 10, 8, 9). To have a great s. in one's writings, nihil nisi idem quod saepe scribere. SAMPLE, exemplum. A s. of goods, of wheat, ex- emplum mercis, triiici : to show a s. of athg, exemplum cs rei ostendere. See Specimen. SAMPLER, *pannus acu texendi exempla, formas, continens SANATIVE, Crcl. with the verbs in Heal. See also Salutary. SANCTIFICATION, || Act of consecration, consecraiio. || The making or being holy, sanc- tificatio (Eccl. t. t.). — sanctitas, pietas erga Deum (ho- liness). Or by the verbs. See also Holiness SANCT, FIER. sanctiricator ( Eccl. t. t.).— sanctitatis, pietatis auctor (Bau.). Or by the verbs. SANCTIFY, || To make holy, sanctum facere ; pietatis, virtutis, sanctimoniae studio imbuere ; ad vitae sanctitatem adducere qm. || To consecrate; vid. || To venerate, worship, sancte, religiose, pie colere; sancte venerari. \\To observe religiously, sancte observare, colere, religiose colere qd (e. g. dies festos). SANCTIMONIOUS, *sanctimoniam or sanctitatem prae se ferens. SANCTION, s. auctoritas (authority, ratification). — conrirmatio. comprobatio. See the verb. SANCTIOM, v. rirmare. contirmare. affirmare. ra- tum facere (to ratify).— fidem ci rei firmare, addere. auctoritate sua affirmare rem (to confirm). \\To con- sent; vid. SANCTITY, sanctitas (sacredness, of a place or per- son; then also = holiness, moral purity, or goodness). — caerimonia (the sacredness of a being or thing wch occa- sions dread and veneration). — religio (sacredness of a place or thing, inasmuch as the violation of it is con- sidered a crime). — pietas erga Deum (piety). S. of a league, foederis religio ; sancta fides societatis : to lose its s. (of a place, %c), religionem amittere: to violate the s. of a place, loci religionem violare; locum reli- gione liberare : he utterly disregards the s. of treaties, apud eum nihil societatis fides sancti habet. See Holi- ness. SANCTUARY, || Propr.) occulta et recondita tem- pi!, sacrarium intimum. penetralia (pi.), adytum (Gr). || Fig.) See Refuge. SAND, s. arena (g. t.). Coarse s., glarea (gravel).— saburra (for ballast).— sabulum. sabulo (such as is mixed with earth or lime: ft^ST vegetables grow in sabu- lum, but not in arena). — pulvis scriptorius (used in writing): full of s., arenosus. sabulosus : a s.-pit, arenaria; specus egestae arenae (Suet. Ner.48): a s.- bank, syrtis or (in pure Latin) pulvinus (Serv. ad jEn. 10, 303) : to be left on the s 's, aestu destitui (Curt.) : to build on the s. (fig.), non certa spe niti; non tirmo fun- damento niti ; cs rei fundamenta sua tamquam in aqua ponere (C. Fin. 2, 22, 72): consisting of s., arenaceus : a grain of s., granum or mica arenae. 178 SAT SAND, v. *. e. To strew or cover with sand, •arena, glarea, sternere, conspergere qd. SANDBOX, *pyxis, theca, pulveris scriptorii. SANDSTONE, saxum arenaceum. SANDAL, solea. crepida (C). A little s., crepidula (Plant.) : wearing s.'s, crepidatus : a s.-maker, solearius (Plaut.); crepidarius sutor (Gell.). SANDARACH, sandaraca (Plin.). SANDY, || Full of sand, arenosus. sabulosus [Syn. in Sand]. A s. soil, solum arenosum, sabulosum (Plin., Col.); terra quam steriles arenae tenent (Curt. 7, 4, 27). || Consisting of sand, arenaceus. || Red (of hair), rufus. rufulus. SANDWICH, *offula carnis interjecta duobus frustis panis butyro illitis. SANE, || Of the body, sanus. validus. || Of the mind, sanus. integer, animi or mentis integer, com- pos. SANGUINARY. See Bloody. SANGUINE, || Abounding with blood, san- guine abundans. pletlioricus (t. t ). || Fervent, ar- dent, ardens. fervidus. acer. fervidioris ingenii. ve- hemens. || Bold, confident ; vid. SANITY, mens sana. ratio Integra. SAP, s. j| Propr.) succus. || Fig.) succus. vis. gra- vitas SAP, v. subruere (v. pr.). — suffodere (to undermine). SAPIENT. See Wise. SAPLESS, || Propr.) exsuccus (Sen.), succo carens. || Fig.) exsuccus. aridus (Q.). A dry and s. speech, oratio arida (Q.), jejuna, exilis, languida (C). SAPLING, surculus (g. t.).— palmes, Itis ; flagellum (of the vine). SAPPER, qui (mcenia, &c.) subruit. ggjf cunicu- larius, Veget. = miner. SAPPHIRE, sapphirus (Plin.). SARCASM, *dictum aculeatum, mordax; pi. fa- cetiae acerbae. acerbae dictorum contumeliae. dicteria (C. Fragm.). H^IT Sarcasmus, in Gk. characters, Q. 8, 6, 57. SARCASTIC, acerbus (bitter; e.g. wit, facetiae).— mordax (biting). SARCASTICALLY, facetiis acerbis (e. g. irridere qm) SARCOPHAGUS, sarcophagus (/«».). SARSAPARILLA, *smilax sarsaparilla (Linn.). SAHSENET, *pannus sericus. SASH. || A girdle, cingulus. cingulum (g^gTzona, ' a girule,' constructed for carrying things instead of a pocket). || Window-frame, *margo ligneus fenes- trarum ; *clathri fenestrarum (with reference to the divisions). SASSAFRAS, *laurus sassafras (Linn.). SATAN, Satanas, ae, m. SATANICAL, By Crcl. with Satanas. SATCHEL, sacoulus. saccellus. SATELLITE, satelles, itis, m. and f. SATIATE, satiare (to cause aby to have enough of athg, propr. and fig ) ; with athg, qa re. — saturare (to Jill so that the person is incapable of taking any more, propr. and fig.); with athg, qa, re.— exsatiare (to satisfy fully; vino ciboque, L.). — exsaturare (C. ; stronger than saturare). To s. oneself, se usque ad nauseam in- gurgitare ; vino ciboque exsatiari : / am satiated with athg, satietas csreime tenet; me taedet orpertaesum est cs rei (am wearied of it even to loathing). — explere (to fill, quench; propr. and fig.). — satietatem or fastidium afferre ; satietatem creare ; fastidium movere ci ; tae- dium afferre ; taedio officere qm ; nauseam facere (fig.). SATIETY, satietas (propr. and fig.; including the idea of excess). — saturitas (without the idea of excess and disgust). — fastidium (loathing, fm excess). SATIN. *sericus pannus densus et collustratus. SATIRE, satira. carmen satiricum (late). To make or publish a s., carmen, &c, facere, condere, edere. See also Satirize. SATIRICAL, satiricus (propr.). acerbus. mordax (fig). SATIRICALLY, acerbe. facetiis acerbis (e. g. irridere qm). SATIRIST, satirarum scriptor. satirici carminis scriptor (late). SATIRIZE, distringere. perstringere (to censure). — carpere, also with vocibus, sinistris sermonibus, or dente maledfco (to rail at). — vexare. exagitare. per- agere (to disturb with censure, to attack violently : per- agere in Ccel. in C. Ep. 8, 8, 1).— conscindere. proscin- dere (to cut up; proscindere also with convicio or con- viciis). — lacerare (qm or cs famam, = ' to tear one's reputation to pieces ;' also with verborum contumeliis, SAT probris). — facetiis acerbis irridere qm (to mock aby satirically). To s. one in a poem, mordaci carmine de- stringere qm : to s. one publicly, traducere qm per ora hominum: to s. without mercy, vocis libertate qm per- stringere. SATISFACTION, || Content, satisfactio (g.t.).— solutio (a paying). — expletio (of a wish, necessity). S. of one's wish, eventus ad spem respondens : to give s., see Satisfy. \\ Atonement, amends, satisfactio (s. for an injury ; e. g. for killing a person). — poena {g. t for punishment).— piaculum {in religious matters). — placa- mentum {that by wch s. is made). A sacrifice of s., *mors qua numen placatur or expiatur: to require s. fm aby, piaculum a qo exigere : to make s. for athg, expiare qd ; by athg, qa. re : to have received s., satisfit mihi : to re- ceive s. for athg, satisfactionem recipere pro re : to seek s. fm aby, pcenam ab qo expetere : to demand s., res repetere (of the Fetialis, who demanded s. fm the enemy ; also of a buyer who claims an allowance for de- fective goods, 8,-c). SATISFACTORILY, bene, satis bene (well enough). — ex sententia (with, or more cmly without, mea, tua, nostra, &c. ; as one could have wished). All has ended s , omnia evenerunt ex sententia : to prove s. that fyc, (argumenti.--) convincere (with ace. and inf.). SATISFACTORY, in quo acquiescas (that quite answers our wish).— idoneus (fit). — probabilis (C. ; good, worthy of approbation). Or by the verbs. SATISFY, satisfacere ci (v. pr.). explere qm or qd (esply, like satiare or saturare, to satisfy the desires or passions). — ci probari (to meet with approval). — respon- dere ci or ci rei (to answer; of persons or personified things). To s. one's creditors, creditoribus satis'acere; creditores absolvere or dimittere (see Gierig. Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2) : to s. one's wish, voluntati cs satisfacere or ob- sequi; qm or animum cs explere; optatis cs respon- dere: to s. the expectations of any one, exspectationem cs explere; respondere cs exspectationi (opp. decipere cs exspectationem): to be satisfied, contentum esse; with athg, qa re (or, aft. the Aug. age, foil, by an inf.; to be content). — satis habere (foil, by an ace. and inf., or by a simple inf. ; to hold or esteem sufficient). — acqui- escere in re (to rest in athg, not to desire more): to be satisfied with little, parvo contentum esse ; parce vivere : to be satisfied with what one has, suis rebus contentum esse. See also Satiate, Pay, Convince. SATRAP, satrapes, is ; or satrapa, se, m. SATURATE. See Satiate. SATURN (the planet), stella Saturni. stella Saturnia. SAUCE, condimentum (that wch seasons) — jus. liquor, liquamen (gravy). — sorbitio. embamma (poured over food, or in wch food is dipped). Hunger is the best s., cibi condimentum fames est (C. de Fin. 2, 28, 90) ; malum panem tenerum tibi et siligineum fames reddet (Sen. Ep. 123, 2). SAUCEBOX. See Impudent. SAUCEPAN, olla; dim. ollula. lebes, etis, m. (Gr.) SAUCER, scutella (as a stand for vessels, it occurs Ulp. Dig. 34, 2, 19, § 10). — paropsis or parapsis, "idis, /. (a small dessert plate). SAUCY, &c. See Impudent, &c. SAUNTER, lente incedere. tarditatibus uti in gressu mollioribus (of an affected lounging gait; C. Off. 1, 36, 151), or,fm the context, ambulare, ire. SAUSAGE, farcimen. botulus (the latter, according to Gelt., a low word). — hilla (a small s., highly seasoned). — tomaculum (a kind of s., mentioned by Juv. and Pelron., different fm the botulus. Petron. 49, speaks of tomacula cum botulis; and ib. 31, we read fuerunt et tomacula supra craticulam argenteam ferventia). To make a s., farcimen facere ; intestinum farcire. SAVAGE, adj. \\ Wild, ferus. ferus incultusque. agrestis. S. nations, ferae incultreque gentes ; see Wild. || Ferocious, barbarus. ferox. ferus. saevus. natura asper. atrox. Jn. saevus et atrox. A s. disposi- tion, feri mores (pi.; C); immansuetum ingenium (O.): he is so s. that, asperitate ea. est et immanitate naturae, ut (C). [Syn. in Cruel. J SAVAGE, s. homo ferus incultusque. S.'s, ferae in- cultaeque gentes. SAVAGELY, ferociter. crudeliter. saeve. Toads., saevire. See also Cruelly. SAVE, || To preserve fm destruction, to hinder fm being lost, servare. conservare (opp. perdere). salutem dare or afferre ci. salutis auctorem esse ci (to s. aby fm ruin). — servare ex qa re (to s. fm or out of athg, to rescue; e. g. navem ex tempestate). — eripere ci rei or ex qa re (to snatch aby, rescue him fm danger, qm periculo or ex periculo). To s. out of the 179 SAW hands of the enemy, qm ex manibus hostium : to s. fm or out of athg, servare ab qa re (to preserve; c. g. fm death, qm a morte). — vindicare qa re and ab qa re (to protect, to shelter fm ; e. g. fm destruction or ruin, qm ab inter- itu ; to s. the state fm great dangers, rempublicam magnis periculis).— liberare ab qa re (to free fm ; e. g. the town fm being burnt, urbem ab incendio et flamma) — retrahere ab qa re (to draw back, to withdraw fm athg ; e. g. aby fm perishing or ruin, qm ab interitu). — eri- pere ab or ex qa, re (to snatch, to tear out of; e. g., aby fm death, qm a or ex morte): they had only saved their lives, iis praeter vitam nihil erat super : to s. the stale by exposing one's own person to danger, suo periculo salutem afferre reipublicae : he cannot be saved, is not to be saved, actum est de eo (it is all over with him). — amedicis desertus est; omnes medici diffidunt (he is given up by the physicians) : to be anxious to s. aby, qm. servatum velle ; qm salvum esse velle : to s. oneself, se servare (e. g. one's lije). — in tutum per venire (to arrive safely at any place; e. g. by swimming, nando). — qo confugere (to take refuge in a place) : to try to s. oneself, salutem petere; saluti suae consulere (e. g. by flight, fuga) : to s. oneself fm a shipwreck by swimming, e naufragio enatare : to be saved or safe, in tuto esse ; in portu navigare (the latter, Prov., Ter. Andr. 3, 1, 22): to save appearances; see Appearance. || To spare, cs rei compendium facere (propr. and fig.; for wch the comic writers frequently say qd compendii facere). — comparcere; athg, de re (Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 9). — ■ parcere ci rei (to keep back, refrain ; e. g. verbis, Sen. Ep. 29, 1). §§g|r Parce and comparce, with an inf. for noli, are poetic. To endeavour to s. time, temporis compendium sequi (Col. 4, 22, 5) : to s. time and trouble, tempus et operas compendii facere (aft. Plant. Poen. 1, 2, 138): to s. one athg (trouble, exer- tions, %c), ci gratiam facere cs rei : to s. oneself athg, omittere qd (to leave off). — supersedere qa. re (to excuse oneself); also with an inf. ; e. g. supersedissem loqui. SAVE, SAVING, prep. See Except. SAVING, adj. parcus. praeparcus. See Frugal. SAVING, s. compendium (a sparing). — quod qs par- simonia collegit (that wch has been saved). — quod qs de qa re comparsit (that wch any one has put by fm a thing; e. g. quod servus unciatim de demenso suo comparsit, Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 9) : with a great s. of wood, magno ligni compendio (Plin.). SAVINGS-BANK, *aerarium in quod conferuntur peculia; *vindemiolae collectae; or prps better *mensa publica, apud quam pauperum vindemiblae occu- pantur. SAVIOUR, servator ; /. servatrix. The Saviour of the world, Salvator ( Tertull.). sosyitatox (Appul.). *nostrae salutis Auctor. humani generis Assertor (Muret.). Blgf Salutis Auctor, or the like, is better, in this sense, than Servator ; because, while Servator does mean saviour or deliverer (e. g. servator reipub- licae, C. ; servator mundi, Prop.), it was also employed (poet.) to signify merely 'one who watches or tends' (e. g. servator Olympi, Lucan; servator nemo- ris, Stat.); and hence servator animarum may be = 'one who has the care of souls;' although other renderings of that phrase are preferable, on account of the equivocal meaning. SAVOUR, s. odor (ba-pfj, scent, g. t.).— nidor (of fat, fyc, burning ; e.g. of a sacrifice, Kviaaa). Agreeable s., odor suavis; odorum suavitas (evoa/j.la): pleasant s. arising fm flowers, suavitas odorum, qui afflantur e floribus. SAVOUR, v. sapere or resipere qd (prop.) ; redolere (fiy-Y SAVOURY, s. *satureia hortensis (Linn.). SAVOURY, adj. boni, jucundi, suavis saporis. quod jucunde sapit (having a good flavour). — bene olens (C\). odoratus (0., Plin.). odorus (0.). odoratus (Plin. ; sweet-smelling). SAW, s. serra (g. t.).— serrula (a little s.).— lupus (a hands.). The grating noise of a s., stridor: a grating s„ serra stridens (Lucr.): toothed, jagged like a s., ser- ratus : the blade of a s., lamina serrae : the tooth of a s., dens serrae : to cut athg through with a s., serra disse- care qd. SAW, v. || Intrans.) serram ducere. || Trans.) serra secare or dissecare qd. To s. off, serra praecidere (Col); serrula desecare ; lupo desecare; lupo resecare (with a hand-saw): to s. a tree into planks or boards, arborem in laminas dissecare : to s. round, serrula cir- cumsecare : to s. marble, marmor secare (Plin.). To s. asunder, qm medium serra dissecare (as a mode of execution, Suet. Cat. 27). 2Y2 SAW SAWDUST, scobs or scobis (Col. : H. Sat.).— serrago (Ceel. Aur.). The borer makes shavings, not s., terebra, quam Gallicam dicimus, non scobem, sed ramenta facit (Col. de Arb. 8, 3). SAW-FISH, *squalus pristis (Linn.). SAW-FLY, «tenthredo (Linn.). SAW- MILL, *machina (HHT not mola) qua robora aliarumque arborum trunci in asses dissecantur. SAW- PIT, *fossa serratoria. SAWYER, *sector tabularum. qui serram ducit. SAXIFRAGE, saxifraga (Plin. ; Linn.). SAY, dicere (to speak; g. t.).— loqui (to utter, not to be silent). — fari (not to be speechless ; and in the golden age poet, for loqui). — eloqui (to utter aloud or boldly, to speak out). — proloqui. profited (to give utterance to thoughts hitherto kept secret).— proferre, afferre qd (to bring forward). — pronuntiare. edicere (to proclaim pub- licly). — edere (to publish, make known). — aio (to affirm; opp. nego). — memorare (Plaut.).— commemorare (Ter., and esply in the language of common life). — narrare (to relate). To s. nothing of this, hoc ut omittam, (silentio) praetermittam : to s. what one thinks, sententiam suam dicere ; dico quid sentiam : / s. what I think, dico quod sentio: have you athg else to s. to me? nura qd aliud me vis? (Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 101.)— 1^° We often find cedo, esply in familiar conversation, in such phrases as — say, what shall I do? cedo, quid faciam ? Every thing that we say, omne quod eloquimur (C.) : to s. for cer- tain, pro certo dicere (C), ponere (L.) : let them s. what they have done, edant et exponant quid gesserint (C.) : what do you s.? quid narras? (Ter.) I do not under- stand what you s., quid narres, nescio ( Ter ) : they s. (indef), dicunt ; aiunt; ferunt; loquuntur ; narrant; dicitur; fertur ; traditur ; narratur. It is said that I, you, 8fc, dicor, diceris, with a nom. ; e. g., Aristaeus in- ventor olei esse dicitur, is said to have been. To s., foil, by a negative, is often expressed by nego ; e. g., he said that it was not expedient, negavit utile esse. To s. yes, aio (always denotes the conviction of the speaker) ; affirmare (to maintain for certain) : to s. no, nego. It is commonly said, haec est una vox omnium ; omnium sermone celebratur: not to s. a word, nullam vocem emittere (L.); nullam reddere vocem (Curt.); ne hiscere quidem audere (L., not to venture to speak). Don't s. a word about it, haec tibi soli dicta puta ; haec tu tecum habeto : hoc tibi in aurem dixerim ; arcano tibi ego hoc dixi ; hoc lapidi dixerim ; £HgT not sub rosa hoc tibi dixerim, wch is not Latin. I have heard s., or hear it said, audio ; audivi ; accepi ; certior factus sum ; mihi nuntiatum, ad me perlatum est; ad aures meas pervenit. J only said so, I said it in joke, per jocum dixi ; jocatus sum ; temere, non serio dixi. Do you really s. so ? ain' tu ? itane ? hem, quid narras ? No sooner said than done, dictum factum (Ter.); tem- poris puncto (Cats.): to s. that a thing must, or must not be done, dicere, jubere, ut ; dicere, jubere ne ; vetare with ace. and inf. : to s. = advise, vid. I do not s., or will not s., non dico. non dicam (when the notion thus suppressed s.'s less than a second). — ne dicam. nedum (not to s., when the notion thus suppressed, but wch might be said, s.'s more than what is said). I will not s....but only, non dicam... sed, non mode. .sed (Z. 724). I heard aby s., see under To He Ait. I s. no more, nihil dico amplius. I will only s. this, unum illud dico; tan turn dico. / s., a) when a speaker merely repeats his observation, inquam. /3) ' say rather ' when a speaker corrects himself, quid dico ?...imo vero ; autem ... imo (vero, etiam) ; e. g., we wish to be at Rome on the twentieth ; do I s. wish ? I should rather s. we are compelled to be there, Romae a. d. xin. Cal. volumus esse ; quid dico, volumus? imo vero cogimur. What a retinue! retinue do I s. ? I should rather s., what a large army, qui comitatus; comitatum dico? imo vero quantus exercitus. You must bear with my mistake; bear with it, do Is.? I should rather s., you must lend your assistance, ferendus tibi in hoc meus error; ferendus autem? imo vero etiam adju- vandus. || After a parenthesis, or in resuming a subject, 'I say' is rendered by inquam (after one or more words of a clause). — ceterum (at the beginning of a clause; see L. 38, 55, 4). || A s a short paren- thesis, ' I say,' 'said he,' inquam, inquit (not at the beginning of a clause, but always after one or more words ; and always before the name of (he speaker). — ait. gj>^" inquam, inquit, when the words of a speaker are directly quoted ; ait, when the sense only is given, or the quotation is indirect : (as Cicero s.'s), (ut ait Cicero). || To say to athg (= express the opinion one enter- tains upon the subject), censere, judicare, &c. You SCA will see what the physcian s.'s to it, videbis, qd medico placeat. What will people s. to it? quid homines judi- cabunt? qui erit rumor populi ? (Com.) What do you s. to it? quid tibi videtur ? quid censes? SAYING, dictum, effatum. ggjp" This word is often implied in the use of a neuter pronoun, without any subst. expressed, followed by a gen. ; e. g. praeclarum illud Platonis, an excellent s. of Plato: an old or common s., see Proverb. SCAB, scabies (Cets.).— scabrities (itch, Col.). — men- tagra (on the head), SCABBARD, vagina: to draw a sword out of the s., gladium e vagina educere (C); telum vagina nudare (Np.): to put up into the s., gladium in vaginam re- condere (C. Cat. I, 2, 4); gladium vaginas reddere (Val. Max.). SCABBY, scabiosus: to be s., scabie laborare. SCABIOUS, s. (a plant), *scabiosa (Linn.). SCAD, * scomber trachurus (Linn.). See also Shad. SCAFFOLD, tabulatum (any boards raised in stories; e. g., by builders). — machina (any artificial stage). — pulpitum, catasta (a s. or stage made of boards, for some given purpose ; pulpitum, esply for actors and orators ; catasta, on wch slaves were exposed for sale). SCAFFOLDING, machina aedificationis. tabulatum, or pi. tabulata. SCALADE, *ascensus urbis scab's tentatus (aft. partim scalis ascensus tentant, L.), or urbis ascensus only (aft. homines ab ejus templi aditu atque ascensu repulisti, C. Dom. 21 : so aditum ascensumve diffi- cilem praebere, L. 25, 36); or Crcl. with impetu facto scalis capere, &c. See To Scale. SCALD, *aqua cahda or fervida urere; aquaferventi perfundere qd (to throw scalding water upon): scalding hot, fervens ; fervidus. SCALE, s. || Of a balance,' lanx : s.'s, truttna (rpvTdvn : prop, the hole in wch the tongue of the balance plays ; then g. t. for balance : trutinae, quae staterae dicuntur, Vitr. 10, 3, 8, 4). — libra (a pair of s.'s). — statera (mly steelyard ; seld. pair of s.'s) : to weigh in a s., pend^re ; trutina examinare (C. de Or. 2, 38, 159). Not to weigh in too nice a s., non aurificis statera, sed populari truttna examinare : to hold the s. even, binas lances aequato examine sustinere (V., prop.); aequabilem juris rationem tenere (C, fig.). The s. turns, see Turn. \\ A thin lamina, squama (as, of a fish): covered with s.'s, squamis obductus or intectus ; squamosus : to take off s.'s fm fish, pisces desquamare. SCALE, v. || Trans.) To strip off scales, de- squamare^. t); or desquamare pisces (fishes). \\To pare the surface fm, summum corticem desqua- mare (of the bark of a tree) ; also decorticare arborem, or corticem arbori in orbem detrahere (all round). U To climb as by ladders, see To Climb. To s. the wall, scalas mcenibus applicare or admovere (to put the scaling-ladders to the wall). — scalis muros adoriri (to attack it). — scalas erigi jubere (to order the scaling-ladders to be ' used). — murum or in murum ascendere. in murum (muros), in mcenia evadere (of the enemy, but also of the inhabitants of a town). — impetu facto urbem scalis capere (to take by scaling) : to endeavour to s., ascensum urbis scalis ten tare. HIntrans.) To pare off, desquamari (of bodies covered with s.'s). — squamulae ex cute decedunt or a cute resolvuntur ; squamae a cute recedunt or ex cute secedunt (relating to the skin) ; also *furfures cutis abscedunt. SCALING-LADDER, scala. |ggp" not sambrica. SCALLION, *allium schcenoprasum (Linn.). SCALLOP, s. \\A kind of shell-fish, pecten, inis, m.; dim. pectunculus. || A hollow cut in the edge of athg, incisura. SCALLOP, v. *incisuris distinguere; *serratim scindere (Appul.). SCALLOPED, serrato ambitu. serratim scissus. SCALP, s. corium capitis; or, for the skull, g. t., cranium; calvaria (Cels.); calva (L ). SCALP, v. ci cutem detrahere (to flay), or *corium detrahere capiti. SCALY, squamosus. squamis intectus, obductus. SCAMMON Y, scammonia (C, Plin.) ; *convolvulus scammonia (Linn.). SCAMPER, abripere se. avolare (to hasten away). — proripere se ex loco (to get quickly out of a place). — fugere. fugae se man dare ; in fugam se conjicere ; fugam capere or capessere (to flee). SCAN, || To measure verses, pedes versus syllabis metiri (C. Or. 57, 194 ; Kraft adds versum per SCA pedes metiri : pedes versiculi enumerare, fm the Gramm.). g^~ scandere versum is low Latin (Diomed.). || To examine narrowly, expendere; perpendere; pensitare: examinare; ponderare. SCANDAL, || Thai wch sets a bad example, res mali or pessimi exempli. || That wch brings discredit, or occasions reproach, res insignis infamiae. \\ Reproachful aspersion, calumuia; criminatio ; labes or labecula ci aspersa. SCANDALIZE. See Offend, Defame. SCANDALOUS, || That sets a bad example, mali or pessimi exempli, exemplo haud saluber. || That gives offence, quod offensioni est, offen- sionem habet or affert. quod offendit. quod non vacat offensione. || D isgr a ceful, insignis infamiae. ^De- famatory, reproachful, vid. SCANDALOUSLY, \\ Setting a bad example, pessimo exemplo. \\ Disgracefully, badly, vid. SCANT, SCANTY, exiguus. tenuis, angustus {narrow ; hence insufficient : e. g. res frumentaria). Jn. tenuis et angustus. angustus. contractus. Jn. angustus et contractus. SCANTILY, exigue. tenuiter. parce (sparingly). — maligne (e. g. praebere qd). To be s. supplied with athg, qa re anguste uti (Cces.). SCANTINESS. Use the adjj. SCANTLING. See Little. SCAR, cicatrix. Covered with s.'s, cicatricosus. S.'s on the breast, cicatrices adverso corpore acceptae ; cicatrices adversae. To return fm war covered with honorable s.'s, cicatrices ex bello domum referre : to receive s.'s in war, cicatrices in bello accipere or susci- pere. SCARAMOUCH. See Rascal, Scoundrel. SCARCE, rarus (found only seldom, or in small quantities; happening but seldom, fyc). — angustus (e. g. res frumentaria). — tenuis (opp. amplus, copiosus). — Jn. tenuis et exiguus. See also Rare. SCARCELY, vix. aegre [Syn. in Hardly].— Jn. vix aegreque : s. if at all, vix aut ne vix quidem ; vix aut omnino non ; vix vixque : to be s. able to restrain oneself, vix se continere posse; aegre se tenere: 5. thirty, vix triginta : s. aby, vix quisquam ; nemo fere (so nullus fere ; nihil fere; numquam fere). It can s. be told, dici vix potest, or vix potest dici (!§3§r not vix dici potest), ft (With pluperf.) = when: vix or vixdum — quum : commodum or commode — quum : tantum quod — quum [see examples under Hardly]. ggp" TAe quum is sts, but rarely, omitted; thus, qui tantum quod ad hostes pervenerat, Datames signa inferri jubet (Np.). \\ Only just now, vixdum; vix tandem; tantum quod; modo. Marcellus, who had s. ceased to be a boy, Marcellus tantum quod pueritiam egressus (Suet.). \\S carcely ...much less, vixdum — nedum (e. g. vixdum libertatem, nedum domina- tionem modice ferre). SCARCENESS. SCARCITY, angustiae (e. g. rei frumentariae, reifamiliaris). — paucitas (e. g. oratorum). A time of s., annus sterilis. This year was a time of great s., hoc anno frumentum angustius provenit (Cces. B. G. 5, 24) : *. of money, argentaria inopia (Plaut.) ; diffi- cultas nummaria (Ter.); difncultas rei nummarias(C). SCARE. See Frighten. SCARECROW, formido (+).— linea pennis distincta (a line with feathers, Sen. de Ira, 2, 12, 2). SCARF, fascia (militaris, muliebris, funebris). HslT cingulum = belt, girdle. SCARIFICATION, scarificatio (Col.). SCARIFY, scariricare; scarificationem facere. SCARLET, s. coccum (the dye).— color coccineus (*. colour): s cloth, coccum (Suet. Ner. 30; Sil. Ital. 17, 396). Adorned with s. and gold, auro et cocco insignis (aft. L. 34, 7, 6 ; Curt. 3, 13, 7). Clothed in s., cocci- natus (Suet. Dom. 4). SCARLET, adj. coccineus or coccinus ; cocco tinctus (dyed s.). A s. dress, vestis coccinea or coccina (Mart. 14, 31 ; Juv. 3, 283).— coccum (Suet. Ner. 30; Sil. Ital. 17, 396) : s. garments, coccina, orum, n. (Mart. 2, 39). SCARLET FEVER, *febris purpurea or scarlatina (t. t.). SCARLET oak, ilex (Plin.). *quercus ilex (Linn.). S. convolvulus, *ipomaea coccinea (Linn.): s. horse- chestnut, *pavia(Ziw«.): *. jasmine, «bignonia (Linn.): s. lobelia, *lobelia cardinalis (Linn.): s. lupin, *lytha- rus (Linn.). SCARP, ■declivitas valli interior. SCATE, squatina (Plin). «squalus squatina (Linn.). SCATTER, || Trans.) spargere (v. pr.).— jacere (to throw out).— severe (to sow; all prop, and fig.). — disse- 181 SCE minare (fig., to s. abroad). — dispergere, dissipare (ro *. abroad, prop, and fig.). — differre (fig., to carry about, spread abroad; all these, e. g., of conversation, reports): To s. the enemy, hostes fugare, dispellere (C); dissipare (Cces.) : to s. the seeds of discord, serere causam discor- diarum ; semina discordiarum or odiorum jacere (spargere); also simply, discordias serere : among citzens, civiles discordias serere ; c ; vium dissen- siones ccmmovere or accendere : scattered reports, disseminati dispersique sermones ; sparsi rumores (disseminationes in late writers). |] Ixtrans.) spargi; distrahi ; in diversa discedere. SCAVENGER, purgator cloacarum (Firm. Math. 8, 20). — *purgator viarum (publicarum). *qui vicos (or prps belter vias) purgat. SCENE, scena (prop, and fig.); also fig., specta- culum : s. of action, arena (lit., wrestling-place). — campus (lit., field). — theatrum (theatre, place of exhibi- tion). A noisy s., turba : an unheard of s., miraculum : bloody s.'s, res cruentae. The various s.'s of war, varium genus bell orum. SCENERY, loca, pi. (g. t. for places).— amcenitas locorum (*. e. beautiful s.). Running brooks contribute very much to the beauty of s., ad amcenitatem locorum salientes rivi plurimum conferunt (C). SCENIC, scenicus (C, Q.). SCENT, s. || The power of smell, odoratio (per- ception by means of the olfactory nerves). — odoratus (sense or faculty of smelling). — ggiroifactus instead of odoratus and odor are poet. only. \\The exhalation of athg, odour, odor (g. t., both good or bad smell). — nidor (icvio-a-a). — spiritus (e. g. of flowers; to live on the s. of flowers, spiritu florum naribus hausto victi- tare). — anhelitus (of spirits). A bad s , odor malus or teter ; odor fcedus. foetor (the latter, stronger terms). A pleasant or agreeable s., odor suavis. suavitas odoris: a strong s., odor gravis : to have a s., odorem habere, praestare.emittere (poet., spargere, spirare, diffundere) : to have a fine s., bene or jucunde olere : to have a bad s., male olere; foetere. The agreeable s. of flowers. suavitas odorum, qui afflantur e floribus : to have a s. of such and such a thing (.= to smell like so and so), olere or redo! ere. Athg loses its s., cs rei odor non permanet integer (aft. Col. 12, 51 [49], 3): without s., odore carens. ex qa re odor non affiatur or odores non afflantur: to be without s., nihil olere (to smell of nothing). \\(Of dogs), sagacitas : a dog of good s., canis sagax, or canis vestigator. To follow the s., see To Scent : to be on the s., odoratu sentire qd, odorari qd (prop.) ; odorare, sentire (fig.): to put upon a wrong s , a recta via abducere (propr.); inducere qm in errorem (fig.) : to get on the wrong s., deflectere a via (propr.); errare (fig.). To get s. of athg, e. g., that there is money somewhere, numos olfacere (as C. Rull. 1, 4, 11). Should'not I have got s. of this six whole months ago, when $c., non sex totis mensibus prius olfecissem quum &c. (Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 42.) ggp olet or subolet ci qd Comic only. SCENT, v. || Trans.) To perceive by the smell, odorari. — olfacere (to inhale any s. so as to have the olfactory nerves affected by it; hence to perceive = to get or have a s. of athg; see Scent, subst.). — concep- tum odorem sectari (propr. of dogs, to follow the s. t) ; also cs or C3 rei vestigia persequi, or persequi qm or qd simply. || To imbue with odour, odoribus im- buere or perfundere (to perfume). — unguento perfri- care (by way of anointing) : to be scented, unguenta olere (to smell -of s. or perfume). — unguentis affluere (all over) : to s. oneself, se odoribus imbuere (g. t.); se ungere. caput et os suum unguento perfricare (with unguents): to s. with athg, suffire qa re, e. g. thymo; see To Fumigate: scented, odoratus. || To perfume, vid. SCENT-BOX, vasculum olfactorium (Isidor. 19, 31, cxtr.). SCEPTIC, qui contra omnia disserit.— qui a rebus incertis assensionem cohibet (both aft. C). If = un- believer, vid. SCEPTICAL, contra omnia disserens. a rebus in- certis assentionem cohibens. A s. turn of mind, contra omnia disserendi ratio, qui non facile adduci potest, ut credat. — incredulus (poet., H.). SCEPTICISM, ratio eorum, qui a rebus incertis assensionem cohibent (aft. C. N. D. 1, 5, 11). — contra omnia disserendi ratio (of a sceptical turn of mind). — ratio eorum, qui contra omnia disserunt. If = un- belief, vid. SCEPTRE, || Propr.) sceptrum (regium or regis; ffef not regale). || Fig.) sceptrum. regnum. impe- rium. To wield the s., regnum administrare. SCE SCEPTRED, sceptrifer (0.) ; sceptriger {Stat.); scep- tuchus (T., said of an eastern viceroy). SCHEDULE, libellus. commentarius. SCHEME, s. See Design, Plan. SCHEME, v. See To Design, Contrive. SCHISM, schisma, atis (t. t.).— discidium (not dissi- dium, wch is dissent, fyc. [Madwig however endeavours to prove that no such word as dissidium exists.']) SCHISMATICAL, schismaticus {t. t). SCHOLAR, || A learner, pupil, discipulus (g. t.). — puer discens (a boy at school). — aiumnus disciplinae (a youthful learner of athg). — auditor (one who attends lectures). — trio (a beginner, novice). — rudis (raw or in- experienced in any art, fyc). My s., alumnus disci- pline meas : to be still a s., scholae adhuc operari (see Q. 10, 3, 13). To be aby's s., uti qo magistro ; uti cs institutione ; qm magistrum habere (to have aby for a teacher). — qm audire (to attend aby's lectures). — esse or profectum esse a qo (to belong to aby's sect). To become aby's s., tradere se ci in disciplinam (to go to learn of aby). — qm sequi or persequi (to attach oneself to aby's seel). || A learned man, doctus. eruditus. doctrina. instructus. Jn. doctus atque eruditus : s.'s, ii qui in- telligunt; docti atque prudentes. One who is no s., homo rudis (Fell. 1, 13,4, Mummius tam rudis fuit, ut &c). — homo imperitus, ignarus; in athg, cs rei. An elegants., homoelegans; spectator elegans (Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 18). A great s., perdoctus. pereruditus. doctus atque imprimis eruditus. mire or doctissime eruditus, &c. To be a great s., multa doctrina esse. A great and enlightened a , doctus et intelligens existimator; homo doctus et prudens. A fine Latin s., *interioris Latini- tatis scientissimus. The greatest Latin s., *Latinarum literarum princeps. SCHOLARSHIP, disciplinse (the single branches of learning). — literae (learning, in as far as it is based on written documents) — scientia literarum or honestarum artium (knowledge of written documents, a being well versed in li terature, fyc, subjective learning or learned- ness. jggp^scientia, alone, would not be Latin; the same may be said of literatura = with the ancients letters, as means of conveying athg by writing only ; its accept- ation in the sense of ' learning' originates fin an erro- neous reading of C. Phil. 2, 45, 116; see Orelli). — studia (studies, of objects of learning).— humanitas (cul- tivation of the mind, inasmuch as it is acquired by occupying oneself with the sciences). Studies that pre- suppose good s., studia qua? in quadam varietate lite- rarum versantur: to acquire profound s., accuratam doctrinam sibi comparare: without any s., omnis ora- nino eruditionis expers et ignarus. He was more dis- tinguished by his s. than by his dignities, clarior fuit studiis quam dignitate. A man of perfect s., vir perfecta eruditione: to have or possess no s., literas nescire. || Melon. A maintenance for the encourage- ment of learning, *beneficium annuum. *annua in benericii loco praebita, or prps stipendium : to present aby with a s., *qm or cs tenuitatem beneficio annuo sustentare. SCHOLARLIKE, doctus. eruditus. Pretty s., satis literatus. Not particularly s., mediocriter a doctrina instructus. SCHOLASTIC, *scholasticus (o-xoAckttiko?)- In a s. manner, *scholasticorum more. *ut assblent in scholis. SCHOLIAST, e. g., of Euripides, *Graecus Euri- pidis explicator : of Horace, *Romanus Horatii expli- cator. Hgip scholiastes is now avoided by good scholars. SCHOOL, s. ludus discendi. ludus literarum (a lower s. for boys, who are compelled to learn). — schola (a higher s. for youths and men, who wish to learn). To go to or attend a s., in ludum literarium itare (ire of a single time). To send aby to s. to aby, qm cs institution! committere; qm ci in disciplinam tradere : to make a boy attend the public s.'s, qm scholarum frequentiae et velut publicis praeceptoribus tradere (i. e. in a place where public lectures are at- tended by a boy residing' at home; opp. qm domi atque inter privatos parietes studentem literis conti- nere) ; studia extra limen proferre (Plin.). To be in a s., in schola sedere or assidere : not to have left s., scholam nondum egressum esse: to attend aby's s., cs scholam frequentare (propr.). — in cs disciplinam se tradere (resolve to receive instruction for him). To attend s. still (be still a pupil), schola? adhuc operari (Q. 10, 3, 13). To leave s., scholam egredi (Q.); di-^ vertere a schola et magistris (Suet. vit. Pers. exir.). To give up a s. (resign the office of teacher), schoram dimittere: to open a s., ludum aperire (C. ad Div. 9, 18, 1): to keep s., ludum habere (C), exercere (T.). 182 SCI Music s., ludus fidicinus (Plant.). A public s., schola publica (late). Military s., ludus militaris. A s.- master, vid. To have known a boy at s., puerum in ludo cognovisse (Np.) : to return home fm s., ire e ludo domum (Plant.). To tell tales out of s., dicta foras efferre, proferre. Rules of a s., *leges quae in schola valent or exercentur. Examination of a s., *tentatio scientiae discipulorum : s. punishment, *poena in scholis usitata: s. hours, schola. || Fig.) This is a s. of patience, *hac in re tentatur patientia nostra. I have learnt in the s. of experience, multis experimentis eruditus sum (aft. Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 16). || The fol- lowers of a teacher, schola (#. t.) — disciplina (with ref. to peculiar doctrines; esply of a philosophical sect). — secta. familia (as opp. to other s.'s). The s. of the Stoics, Stoicorum secta or familia. The founder of a s., scholae princeps or auctor. A philosopher of the Academic s., Academicae sectae philosophus. To belong to the s. of Zeno, esse or profectum esse a Zenone: to be of the same s., ex eadem schola esse: to be superstitiously attached to a s., scholae me ad- dixi velut quadam superstitione imbutus. || School- house, schola. *aedes scholarum. SCHOOL, v. See Teach, Chide. SCHOOLBOY, SCHOOLGIRL, s. puer, puella, in ludum literarium itans (aft. Plin. 9, 8, 8); puer (puella) scholae adhuc operatus (operata) (see Q. 10, 3, 13); puer, puella, discens. Like a s., *tironum more. Hardly worthy of a s., *vix drone dignus. SCHOOL-FELLOW, condiscipulus. To be aby's s., una cum qo literas discere or praeceptorem audire. — fern, condiscipula (Mart. 10, 35, 15). / have been intimate with aby since the time that we were s. f.'s, qo a condiscipulatu utor familiariter (or conjunctus sum, or vivo conjunctissime ; cf. Np. Alt. 5, 3). SCHOOL LESSONS, discenda or ediscenda, orum, n. (g. t.) — dictata, orum, n. (dictated by the teacher). SCHOOLMASTER, ludi magister or magister ludi (one who teaches reading and writing). — praeceptor pub- licus (master of a public school). {§§5Tscholasticus, late, = a rhetorician ; doctor umbraticus is a private tutor. The manners or lone of a s., praecipiendi ratio. SCHOOL-ROOM, schola. auditorium (lecture-room, posl-Aug.). SCHOOLING, || Instruction, doctrina. eruditio. \\Money paid for instruction at a school, praeceptoris, or magistri, merces ; pretium operas quod praeceptori, or magis'ro, solvitur; simply merces (fm the context; see C. Phil. 2, 4, 9 ; Acad. 2, 30, extr.); so also pretium (see Suet. Gramm. 3). In epistolary style the Greek bioaKrpov may be used; but |$*yT not minerval or minervale, wch = a present brought by the scholars to the master on entrance; as we say, entrance money). SCHOONER. See Ship. SCIATICA, coxae dolor, dolor ischiadicus. Subject to the s., ischiacus (lo-xiaxos)- SCIENCE, scientia. notitia. cognitio(m the subjective sense, of the knowledge wch one has, not of the thing wch one knows). — ars (objective). — doctrina. disciplina (objective; of any particular branch). The sciences, doctrinae. disciplinae. disciplinae studia, pi. ; literae. literarum studia (pi.; ^^° but not scientiae, wch can be used only in a subjective sense). Arts and s.'s, in- genua studia atque artes. The liberal s.'s, liberales doctrinae atque ingenuae ; liberales disciplinae (g^" not studia humaniora or literae humaniores) : to reduce to a s., qd arte concludere, qd ad artem et praecepta revocare; HgpT not ad artis regulas revoc;ire : to study a s., doctrina, or disciplina, imbui or erudiri. SCIENTIFIC, quod in artibus versatur ; or by the gen., artis, artium, or literarum. S. precepts or rules, artis praecepta. A s. discourse or lecture, sermo de artium studiis atque doctrina habitus. S. training, eruditio. doctrina. To give a s. form to athg, ad artem redigere, revocare : arte concludere qd. SCIENTIFICALLY, in modum disciplinae or artis. arte, literis. S. taught or trained, literis eruditus; omnibus literis or doctrinis eruditus : to arrange s., arte concludere; ad artem et praecepta (JE&sgT not ad artis regulas) revocare. SCIMITAR, acinaces (H., Curt.). SCINTILLATE, scintillare (Plin.). See Sparkle. SCINTILLATION, scintillatio (only propr., a spark- ling, Plin.). — scintilla (a spark, impropr. of the first manifestations of reason, genius, fyc.).— igniculi or primi quasi (cs rei) igniculi et semina (C. = scin- tillas). SCIOLIST, semidoctus (C); leviter eruditus. erudi- tulus (Catull.). ggSTsciolus very late (Arnob.). SCI SCION, || Prop.) surculus. talea (Varr.); dim. taleola (Col.) : of or belonging to a s., surcularis (Col ) ; surcularius (Varr.). || Fig.) ramus (see Branch). S. of the royal stock of Argos, Argivorum reguin de stirpe oriundus. SC1RRHUS, sciros or schirros, i, m. ; sciroma or schiroma, atis, re. (Pan.) SCISSORS, forfex; dim. forficula. SCOFF, s. ludibnum. ludificatio. irrisio (C); derisus (T.); der sio (Suet. ; with a view to annoy or give pain). — cavillatio (with a view to hurt). A bitter s., cavil- latio acerbri (Suet.), or dicax et morosa (C.) SCOFF, v. caviliari. To s. at, deridere. irridere. irrisu insectari. caviliari. sugillare. irridere qm acerbis facetiis: to s. at things sacred, *resdivinas, librossacros, in ludibrium vertere; *rebus divinis, libris sacris, pro ludibrio abuti. SCOFFINGLY, cum qo aculeo. acerbis facetiis. acerbe. SCOLD, v. (verbis) increpare. increpitare. — objurgare (to reproach with a fault ; opp. laudare). — conviciari (to make railing accusations). — exagitare, destringere (to make sharp attacks on aby). — corripere (to blame with harsh words). — exprobrare (ci qd, to reproach aby with something as dishonorable to him). To s. aby on account of alhg, vituperare qm de qa. re ; objurgare qni de or in qa. re, or qa re only. To be scolded, objurgari, vituperari ; in vituperation em incidere, cadere, venire, or adduci ; vituperationem subire. SCOLD, s. (mulier) rixosa, rixae cupida (jurgiosa, GelL). SCOLDING, objurgatio. jurgium. SCOLLOP, s. || A kind of shell-fish, pecten; dim. pectunculus. \\A hollow or round at the edge of athg, prps sinus. SCOLLOP, v. prps sinuare ; or serratim scindere (of a jagged edge, Appul.). SCONCE, s. ||.4 branched candlestick, lycb- nuchus. candelabrum. \\A fine, mulcta. See Fine. SCONCE, v. mulctare. SCOOP, prps haustrum (g. t. ; cf. Lucr. 4, 517). SCOOP OUT, haurire (of liquids). — cavare, excavare (to s. o. a hollow place in the earth, fyc). SCOPE, \\End, aim, propositum. — is, qui mihi est or fuit propositus, exitus. — finis (the highest end, whether attained or not). — gg^woi scopus in this sense; C. us"S the Greek a-nono? in his epistles: so Macrob. ipsum propositum, quern Graeci o-kottov vocant. To propose to oneself a s., flnem sibi proponere spectare qd or ad qd : to miss one's s., a proposito aberrare; propositum r.on consequi. || Room, space, spatmrn. locus, laxitas [Syn. in Space, Room]. \\ Field for alhg, campus; e. g., s. for a speech, in quo oratio exsultare possit (i. e. where it can display itself). There is large s. for his activity, latissime manat ejus industria: he has free s., libero egressu memorare potest (of an historian, relative to his sub- ject). See also Fieid. SCORBUTIC, «scrofulosus (t, I.). SCORCH, urere. adurere. See Burn. SCORE, s. || A mark of number, nota. \\An account, ratio. \\ The cost of an entertain- ment, sumptus comissationis (not compotationis). To pay a s., comissationis sumptus facere (prop.); quod alii intriverunt exedere (fig.). || An individual' s share of the whole expense, symbfila: to pay one's s., symbolam solvere; pro hospitio soivere (at an inn). || Twenty, viginti; viceni (distrib.). || In music, *summa omnium vocum. «vocum (musica- rum) omnium designatio. SCORE, v. incisures distinguere. To s. or mark a line under, *lineam ducere subterqd; *linea conspi- cuum reddere qd. (E^T not linea subnotare qd hi this sense, tvch = to write athg upon a line, Appul.) SCORN, s. See Contempt. SCORN, v. See Despise. SCORNER, contemptor. spretor. SCORNFUL. See Contemptuous. SCORNFULLY. See Contemptuously. SCORPION, || A venomous reptile, scorpio. rtepa (also as sign of the zodiac. gj£5 scorpio likewise for a machine used in war). The sling of a s., ictus scorpionis (the sling as inflicted). — plaga scorpionis (wound made by the sting). \\A k i n d of fish, *cottus scorpio (Linn.). \\Meton. A scourge, scorpio (in as much as it had iron stings to it; see Isidur. Orig. 5, 27, no. 18). SCOT. See Tax. To pay s. and lot, vectigalia pen- sitare. SCOT-FREE, || Imfropr.) To escape s., impun3 183 SCR abire or dimitti. To let aby go s.-f., qm impunitum ot incastigatum omittere. See Unpunished. SCOUNDREL. See Rascal. SCOUR, || To cleanse by rubbing, defrieare et diligenter levare; diligenter mundare levareque (Col.). To s. a ditch, fossam deters ere or pur^are. \\To range about, percurrere, pererrare, pervagari regionem. SCOURER, qui mundat, &c. (mundator, Jul. Firm.) SCOURGE, s. || Prop.) flagrum, flagellum (v.v. pr.; consisting of single thongs). — scorpio (armed with prickles; see Isidor. Orig. 5, 27). HUT The severest punishment was the flagellum, s. ; next was the milder scutica, or thelora., orum, n., whip of thongs ; and after this the ferula, i. e. rod of the plant vdptir\% ; see H. Sat. 1, 3, 119, sq. || Fig.) pestis. pernicies. verba (pi.): to hold the s. of criticism over aby, *acerbe or severe reprehendere qm. As of God, *immissus a Deo, ut saeviret in omne flagitium voluptatibus liquefacti generis humani. The s. of a country, reipublicae or patriae pestis. SCOURGE, v. || To beat with rods, $c, flagris or flagellis caedere ; flagellare (post-Aug.); virgis ver- berare, caedere, mulctare (L.) ; verberibus accipere or excipere (C). || T o punish, vid. SCOURING. By the verbs. SCOUT, s. emissarius. explorator. speculator [Syn. in Spy] : to place s.'s at various places, speculatores spar^ere. See also Spy. SCOUT, v. || To act as a scout, explorare. specu- lari (the former to find out athg, qd and de qa re ; the latter to spy in all directions, in order to find out ; see Cces. B. G. 1, 47). See also To Spy. ||To repel, reject, vid. SCOWL, s. See Frown. SCOWL, v. See To Frown. SCRAMBLE, v. || To attempt to seize hastily, involare in qd ; manus afferre ci rei (to stretch out the hands towards athg in order to obtain it). — rapere, arri- pere qd (to snatch at). — qd diripere (Sen., Suet., to be anxious or eager to attain athg). || To ascend a place, using one's hands and feet, niti, eniti in qd. — evadere in qd (to reach athg by scrambling, e. g. in verticem or in jugum montis). SCRAMBLE, s. Crcl. with the verbs in To Scram- ble. There is quite a s. for that article, permulti gestiunt, concupiscunt, illas merces emere. SCRAP, frustum, frustulum : s.'s of learning, docta dicta (see Lucr. 2, 287). Be off with your s.'s of learn- ing, *habeas tibi dicta tua docta. See also Crumb, Fragment. SCRAPE, v. \\Torub the surface of athg by an edge, scabere (fm nd/3u, to rub, to scratch). — radere (to s. with a tool, in order to remove any extraneous matter). — fricare (to rub, in order to make smooth). — abradere (to s. off).— deradere (to make a smooth surface by scraping). — subradere (to s. fm below). — circumradere (all around). \\To clean by rubbing, see To Clean. \\To act on the surf ace with a grating noise, see To Grate. || To collect by penurious diligence, corradere, e. g., some money; converrere (to sweep together, then to collect, bring together with a great deal of trouble, e. g. bereditates omnium, C. Off. 3, 19, extr). || To play badly (on the fiddle), *strepere fidibus ; chordas misere radere (Bait.). \\ To make a noise with one's feet, (pedibus) stre- pitum edere ; pedibus terrain radere (of birds). ||Phr.) To scrape acquaintance, insinuare se ci or in- sinuare ci; insinuare se in familiaritatem cs. SCRAPE, s. Crcl. with the verbs in To Scrape. || A perplexity, angustiae : to get aby into a s., in an- gustias adducere. in angustum compellere. To get (oneself) into a s., in angustias adduci; in angustum venire: to be in as., in angustiis esse or haerere ; an- gustius se babere. To get the money-lenders out of a s., ex obsidione fceneratores eximere (C. Fam. 5, 6, 5, Cor He). || A bow, vid. SCRAPER, s. radula. ra!lum. SCRATCH, s.vulnus \eve (a slight womid).— summae cutis laceratio. Usually by Crcl. He received a slight s. on his arm, cutis brachii leviter perstricta est. SCKATCH, v. radere [v. pr.).— scabere (to scrape). — scalpcre (to scrape, share). — fricare, perfricare (to rub gently). — leviter perstringere (to wound slightly). To s. the head, caput scabere or scalpere ; caput perfricare: to s. behind its ears with its hind feet, aures posteriori- bus pedibus scabere (g^ but radere aures or auriculas, in Q. 3, 1, 3, and Pers. 1, 107, is = to offend the ears, of a speech, fyc). The pen scratches, *penna radit chartam : to s. out, radere. eiadere. exsculpere. To s. SCR DUt one's eyes, oculos ci effodere. I will s. out your eyes, unguibus involabo tibi in oculos. SCRAWL, s. *scriptio mala. SCRAWL, v See Scribble. SCREAM, SCREECH, s. clamor, vociferatio. SCREAM, SCREECH, v. clamare (maxima voce, with, all one's might). — lugubrem edere clamorem ; trucem tollere clamorem. SCREECH-OWL, *stryx flammea (Linn.). SCREEN, s. || Prop.) prps umbraculum. || Fig.) praesidium. tutela. SCREEN, v. tegere, protegere, qm or qd. munire qd ab qa re. tueri, tutari, defendere qm, qd, ab qa re. To s. aby fm punishment, pcenae eripere qm. pcenam a qo avertere. SCREW, s. cochlea. — epitonium (entrovtov : s. to tighten the strings of a musical instrument). The threads of a s., rugae per cochleam bullantes (Plin. 18, 31, 74). A females., *cochleee matrix. Archimedes's s„ cochlea (for drawing up water). Cork s., *instru- mentum extraheudis corticibus. SCREW, v. || To use a screw, *cochlea adigere or astringere qd. To s. athg to athg, cochlea affigere qd ci rei : to s. athg in athg, cochlea? ope inserere qd. [| To twist, contort, detorquere (g. t.). — distorquere (e. g. oculos, os). || Prov.) To screw athg out (fig.), elicere qd. — eblandiri qd (by flattery or wheedling). — expiscari qd (to fish it out).— extorquere qd (by vio- lence). To s. oneself into athg, se insinuare in qd (e. g. in familiaritatem cs; ineausam, &c.) — se immiscere or inserere ci rei (into a crowd of persons, or into a thing). To s. athg too light, qd (nimis) intendere (e. g. leges, Plin). To s. oneself up to athg, intendere se ad qd (e. g. intendere se ad firmitatem, C). SCRIBBLE, qd illinere chartis (H. Sat. 1, 4, 36). SCRIBE, scriba. — actuarius (in silv. age was a kind of short-hand writer who took notes of the speeches de- livered in a court, Suet. Cces. 55). — a manu (sc. servus, a private secretary; an amanuensis: in time of Em- perors, amanuensis). — librarius (a writer [not author] of books ; also employed for copying, fyc. ; hence private secretary, s., $c.). — ab epistolis (sc. servus, the slave who wrote fm his master's dictation). — notarius (a short- hand writer; post- Aug.). To be aby's s., a manu ci esse ; ab epistolis ci esse. SCRIP, \\A purse, marsupium. crumena. See Purse. || A written paper or list, libellus. com- mentarius. SCRIPTURE, literae sanctae, divinae ; libri divini; arcanae sanctae religionis literae (Lact.); biblia (pi., modern). SCRIVENER, numularius (Suet.), numulariolus (Sen.). SCROFULA, «scrofula (med. t. t.). SCROFULOUS, *scrofulosus (t. t.). SCROLL, volumen (of paper).— *qd in cylindri spe- ciem convolutum. SCRUB, s. homo pusillus ; frustum hominis (Com. ; a little man, short in stature, fyc). — homo malus, im- probus, nequam (man of bad character). SCRUB, v. tergere. detergere. abstergere. tergere et purgare. SCRUBBY, pusillus (small, diminutive). — malus. improbus. nequam (bad). SCRUPLE, s. \\ Doubt, difficulty, dubitatio. cunctatio (a delaying). — haesitatio (hesitation). — scru- pulus (a disquieting doubt). — religio (a s. of conscience). To make, raise, or cause a s., dubitationem afferre, inferre, injicere, dare ; scrupulum ci injicere, incutere : to make a s about athg, qd in. religionem trahere ; qd religioni habere. J make no s. about it, nulla mi hi religio est (H. Sat. 1, 9, 70). I make no s., have or feel no s. in doing athg, religio mihi non est quominus &c. (see C. Cat. 3, 6, 15). Without any s. (you can do so and so), sine sollicitudine religionis (Trajan, ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 62, in.). To remove a s., dubitationem ci prae- cidere, tollere, expellere ; scrupulum ci eximere or ex animo evellere ; religionem ci evellere ; religionem ci eximere. I have still one s., unus mihi restat scru- pulus. I am disturbed by a s., scrupulus me stimulat ac pungit. There is a s. whether or not, consultatio tenet, ne &c. (L. 2, 3.) // the slightest s. should seem to exist, si tenuissimus scrupulus residere videbitur : without s., nulla interposita dubitatione; sine ulla dubitatione. ||(^s a weight), scripulum or scru- pulum, and sts scrupulus : of a s., weighing a s., scri- pularis, scrupularis: by s.'s, scripulatim, scrupu- latim. SCRUPLE, v. dubitare. haesitare. cunctari. See Hesitate. 184 SEA SCRUPULOUS, anxius. anxius et sollicitus. reli- giosus. scrupulosus (post- Aug. in this sense ; or by the subst). Overs, care, *minuta et anxia diligentia. SCRUPULOUSLY, religiose, sancte. severe (con- scientiously). — diligenter. caute. curiose (carefully). SCRUTINIZE, rem excutere (C); scrupulos ex- pendere, discutere ; minutius et scrupulosius omnia scrufari (Q.). See also Examine. SCRUTINY, probatio. examen. exploratio. tentatio. To subject to a s., sistere, mittere, qm spectandum, tentandum : to conduct a s., spectare, explorare, ex- aminare qd. SCUD, s. imber subitus. SCUD (along), properare (g. t„ to hasten). — accurrere, advolare ad or in qm locum, contento cursu petere qm locum. SCUFFLE, s. rixa. pugna. jurgium (quarrel). See Fight. SCUFFLE, v. See Fight. SCULK, delitescere in qo loco, se abdere in qm locum. To s. away out of aby's sight, se occultare ci or a conspectu cs. To be sculking somewhere, abditum latere, in occulto se continere. abditum et inclusum in occulto latere. Animals s. away to their retreats, ferae latibulis se tegunt. Sculking -hole, latibulum. latebra. SCULL, s. calva. calvaria (v. pr.).— caput (the head). — ossa capitis (the head considered as a bone; e. g , to drink out of s.'s, in ossibus capitum bibere). SCULL, v. cymbam impellere (remis brevioribus). SCULLER, cymba (unius remigis), or dim. cym- bula. SCULLERY, *lixarum officina. SCULLION, lixa. SCULPTOR, sculptor (in raised or half-raised work; IggfT not scalptor). — fictor (g. t., one who forms or fashions). — statuarum artifex, qui signa fabricatur (a statuary). SCULPTURE, s. || The act of sculpturing, coe- latura. sculptura. scalptura [Syn. in the verb]. || A thing sculptured, ccelamen (0.). — signum (any plastic work: opp. tabulae, picturae). See Statue. || The art of sculpturing, ars pingendi. ars signa fabricandi. ars et statuas et simulacra fingendi. SCULPTURE, v. ccelare (fm koIAo? : to work figures in relief on metals, esply silver, ivory, fyc. ; also in wood; Virg. Freund writes caelare). — scalpere. sculpere (the former of work but little raised, like £eeiv ; the latter like y\u