%-^'''y X'^^-v* "v^^'V' \'^^-'-^'* " ,,v .'S''^ A 4 o * ^^ A^ ^>Va'^%. c-^"^ rff/:^: \^ SvT. ^CiJy THE TRUSTEES OF THE PEABODY ACADEMY OF SCIENCE THE WHALING INDUSTRY Exhibition of Objects Illustrating the Whaling Industry and the Natural History of Whales. [Entrance corridor cases, Marine Room, Peabody Museum.] List of Essex County Whaling Vessels. List of Pictures of Whaling Vessels in the Marine Room. List of Log-Books of Whaling Vessels in the Library of the Essex Institute. List of Books on Whales and Whaling in the Salem Public Library. PEABODY MUSEUM 161 Essex Street, Salem, Massachusetts Open, free, on week days from 9 to 5 and on Sundays from 2 to 5 Printed from the Col. George Peabody Fund. 1908. Author .»IS08 Connolly, J. B. Arctic whaling of today, fin Harper's monthly. 1903. v. 106, p. 181-189.) 051-2 — The little fighting whales. (In Harper's monthly. 1905. v. 110, p. 431 435.) 051-2 Davis, W. M. Nimrod of the sea; or. The American whaleman. 1874. 639-D Doyle, A. C. The glamour of the Arctic. (In McClure's magazine. 1894. v. 2, p. 391-400.) 051-35 — Life on a Greenland whaler; a record of personal adventures in the Arctic s^as. (In McClure's magazine. 1897. v. 8, p. 460-468.) 051-35 Duncan, N. The chase of the finback whale. (In Outing. 1904. v. 44, p. 679-685.) 796-01 Faroe whales. (In Living age. 1885. v 167, p. 379 382.) 051-4 Hunt's merchant's magazine, v. 1-55. 1839- 1866. 380-H This periodical often published statistics of the whale fisheries of the U. S. Consult the index of each vol- ume. Jenks, S. H. Compendium of the American whale fisliery. (In Hunt's merchant's maga- zine. 1840. V. 3, p. 172-182.) 380-H A list of all ships, with location and quantity of oil ob- tained. Jones, J. B. Life and adventures in the South Pacific. 1861. 919.6-J Kobbe, G. Perils and romance of whaling. (In Century. 1890. v. 40, p. 509-525.) 051-12 Lanman, J. H. The American whale fishery. (In Hunt's merchant's magazine. 1840. v. 3, p. 361-394.) 380-H McGrath, P. T. Whaling in Hudson Bay. (In New England magazine. 1904. v, 86, p. 188-198.) 051-22 — Wonderful whale hunting , by steam. (In Cosmopolitan. 1904. v. 37, p. 49-56.) 051-24 Mcllhenny, E. A. The nelicatar of Arctic Alaska; the great feast of the whale. (In Century. 1904. v. 68, p. 701-705. ) 051-12 McKibben, F. P. The whaling disaster of 1871. (In New England magazine. 1898. v. 24, p. 490-495.) 051-22 Markham, C. K. On the whale fishery of the Basque provinces of Spain. (In Living age. 1882. V. 153, p. 62-56.) 051-4 — Whaling cruise to Baffin's Bay and the Gulf of Boothia. 1875. 919.8-M4 Murdock, J. Whale catching at Point Bar- row. (In Popub.r science monthly. 1891. v. 38, p. 830-836.) 505 -P Osbon, B. S. Perils of Polar whaling. (In The white world. 1902. p. 361-368.) 919.8-K5 Sayer, W. L., ed. Whale fishery. (In his New Bedford. 1889. p. 25-54.) 917.44-S4 Seward, W. H. The whale fisheries. (In his Works. 1887. v. 1, p. 236-253.) 320-S A speech in the U. S. Senate, July 29, 1852. Sharp, B. A captain of the vanished fleet. (In Atlantic. 1907. v. 100, p. 246-251.) 051-1 Spears, J. K., ed. Log of the Bark Emily, as kept by L. R. Hale, third mate, ]8o7-18()0. (In Harper's monthly magazine. 1903. v. 107, p. 242-261.) 061-2 Starbuck, A. History of the American whale fishery. (In United States. Fish comn ission. Report, 1875-1876. 1878. v. 4, p. 1-779.) Ref. — The Nantucket whale fishery. (In Godfrey, E. K. Island of Nantucket. 1882. p. 329-341.) 917.44-G Todd, C. B. Whale boat privateersmen of the revolution. (In Magazine of American history. 1882. V. 8, p. 168-181.) 970-Ml Weeden, W. B. The whale fishery, 1713-1745. (In his Economic and social history of New England. 1890. v. 1, p. 430-447.) 974-Wl Whale fisheries of to-day. (In Nation. 1905. V. 80, p. 226.) Ref. Williams, J. R. The whale fishery. (In North American review. 1834. v. 38, p. 84-115.) 051-21 Whaling Fiction. Bell, J. J. The thousandth whale. (In Living age. 1907. v. 252, p. 230 238.) 051-4 Brady, C. T. Midshipman in the Pacific. 1904. i B723.14 Coffin, R. F. Perils of whaling. (In Outing. 1899. V. 33, p. 353-359.) 796-01 Hammond, T. W. On board a whaler; an adventurous cruise through southern S'^as. 1901. H189.1 Hazen, J. A. Five years before the mast. 1854. H332.1 Kingston, W. H. G. Old Jack, j K612.17 — Peter the whaler. j K612.31 — Peter Trawl ;or,The adventures of a whaler. j K612.19 — The South sea whaler. 1884. j K612.22 Macy, W. H. There she blows; the whales we caught and how we did it. 1889. j M250.1 Melville, H. Moby Dick; or. The whale. 1851. M491.4 Nordhoflf, C. Whaling and fishing. 1855. j N750.3 Packard, W. The young ice whalers. 1903. j P120.1 Rand, E. A. A salt water hero. j R150.5 Robbins, C. H. The gam, being a group of whaling stories. 1899. R530.1 Poetry of Wlialing. Murphy, C. Journal of a whaling vovage on board the ship " Dauphin" of Nantucket. (In Austin, J. G. Nantucket scraps. 1883. p. 305- 336.) 917.44-A Told in rhyme. Robinson, P. Poets and nature. 1893. p. 137- 142. 821-100 Bibliography. New Bedford. Free public library. A collec- tion of books, pamphlets, log books, pictures, etc., illustrating the whale fishery. 1907. Ref. 10 Books, Magazine Articles, etc., on whales and whaling in the Salem Public Library, prepared by Gardner M. Jones, Librarian. (Printed in the library bulletin for November, 1907.) The library, 370 Essex St., is open on week days from 9 A. M. to 9 P. M. and on Sundays and holidays from 2 to 8 P. M. Whales. Beddard, F. E. Book of whales. 1900. 599-B The latest and best authority. Browne, Sir T. Of the spermaceti whale. (In his Works, v. 1, p. 353-356.) 828-Bl Of merely antiquarian interest. Buchanan, J. Y. The sperm whale and its food. (In Nature. 1896. v. 53, p. 223-225.) Eef. BuUen, F. T. Denizens of the deep. 1904. p. 13-72. 590-B20 — The sperm whale and its food. (In Nature. 1896. V. 54, p. 102-103.) Ref. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1888. v. 24, p. 523-529.) Ref. Piguier, L. Mammalia. 1883. p. 30-91. 599-P Flower, W. H. Introduction to the study of mammals. 1891. p. 225-272. 599-n — On the ziphioid whales. (In Nature. 1871. V. 5, p. 103-106.) Ref. — On whales, past and present, and their probable orisrin. (In Nature. 1883. v. 28, p. 199-202, 226-230.) Ref. — Whales,past and present. (In Popular science monthly. 1885. v. 27, p. 195-206.) 505-P Gill, T. The sperm whales, giant and pigmy. (In American naturalist. 1871. v. 4, p. 725-743.) 505-A Goode, G. B. The whales and porpoises. (In United States. Fisheries •- nd fishery industries. 1884. Section 1, v. 1, p. 7-32; v. 2, plates 1-11.) Ref. Lydekker, R. Royal natural hiot( rv. 1S95. V. 3, p. 1-64. ■59O-LI Mather, F, White whales in confinement. (In I'opular science monthly. 1899. v. f 5, p. 362-371.) 505-P New international encyclopaedia. 1904. v. 17, p. 667-671. Ref. Racovitza, E. G. Spouting and movements of whales. (In Smithsonian institution. An- nual report. 1903, v. 1, p. 627-645.) Ref. Shaler, N. S. Notes on the right and sperm whale. (In American naturalist. 1873. v. 7, p. 1-4.) 505-A From a conversation with Captain John Pease, an old vrhal r. Simmonds, P. L. Animal products. 1877. p. 380-396. 591-S Story of the whale. (In Harper's monthly. 1856. V. 12. p. 466-482.) 051-2 True, F. W. Sut'gestions on collecting and preserving specimens of whales and porpoises. (In United States. Fish commission. Report. 1883. V. 9, p. 1157-1179.) Ref. — Whalebone whales of the western North Atlantic. (In Smithsonian in>titutins. (In Harper's magazine. 1899. v. 99. p. 3-24.) 051-2 Berwick, E. Offshore whaling in the Bay cf Monterey. (In Cosmopolitan. 1900. v. 29, p. 631-637.) 051-24 Birge, W. S. The whale and the whaleman. (In New England magazine. 1903. v. 40. p. 265-272.) 051-22 Bliss, W. R. Sea journals and sea rovers. (In his Quaint Nantucket. 1896. p. I2it-17.").) 974.4-B19 Booth, H. W. G. Whaling. (In Bickerdyke, J. Seafishiug. 1895. p. 469-497.) 799-B5 Brady, C. T. The yarn of the " Essex," whiiler. (In Cosmopolitan. 1905. v. 38, p. 68- 72.) 051-24 Brown, J. T. Stray leaves from a whaleman's log. (In Century. 1893. v. 45, p. 507-517.) 051-12 Browne, J R. Etchings of a whaling cruise; [with] a brief h story of the whale fist>ery. 1846. 910-B9 Bullen, F. T. Cruise of the Cachalot round the world after spent whales. 1899. B873.1 — Life on a South sea wl aler. (In Popular science monthly. 1899. v. 54, p. 818-834. 505-P From his " Cruise of th-^ Cachalot." — The orphan. (In Living age. 1899, v. 222, p. 92-100.) 051-4 Clark, A. H. The American whale fishery. 1877-1886. (In Science. 1887. v. 9, p. 321 324.) Ref. Clark, A. H., and Brown, J. T. The whale fishery. (In United States. Fisheries and fishery industries. 1887. Section 5, v. 2, p. \ 293; v. 3, plates 183-210.) Ref. The most complete history. Illustrations of shii)S and implemeats. Section 2 of tbe same work contains " Historical references to fisheries." Consult index. 9 JUchu^rU/ ••}{•.• ^oJjyrnh'i). Bark Kichard of Salkm Brig Malay of Salkm Between 1771 and 1775, two vessels arrived in Lynn, one with 200 barrels of sperm oil and the other with 100 barrels of whale oil. After 1832, the Lynn whaling vessels used wharves on the Saugus river. When the railroad bridge was built (1837-1838) the Lynn whaling business was transferred to Boston. LOG BOOKS OF WHALING VOYAGES IN THE LIBRARY OF THE ESSEX INSTITUTE (May be consulted on application at the rooms of the Institute) Ship Bengal Bark Eliza Ship Elizabeth Bark Emerald Bark Henry Ship Lydia Bark Malay Bark Palestine Sch. Para Ship Sapphire SALEM 1832-1835, 1837-1840 1838-1841 18361840 (3 vols.), 1840-1844, 1844-1848 1840-1843, 1843-1845 1845-1847 1835-1837 1837-1839, 1839-1842 1339-1841, 1839-1842, 1842 1865-1867 1836-1839, 1838, 1839-1841, 1841-1842 Ship Washington Ship Marengo Bark Stephania NEW BEDFORD 1850-1853 1855-1859, 1871-1875 1864-1868 Ship Leper NANTUCKET 1832-1835 (Log books and sea journals received at the Peabody Museum are deposited in the library of the Essex Institute where more than 1000 log books and sea journals are now preserved) PICTURES AND BUILDER'S MODELS OF WHALING VESSELS IN THE MARINE ROOM, PEABODY MUSEUM SALEM Ship "Eliza," 262 tons, built 1817, altered to a bark in 1838. Water color painting. Brig " Malay," 268 tons, built 1818, altered to a bark in 1834. Water color painting by Peter Mazzinghi, Leghorn, 1833. Brig " Reaper," 229 tons, built 1820, altered to a bark 1833. Copy of water color painting by "Ant. Roux fils aine Marseille," 1823 Ship <' Sapphire," 365 tons, built 1825. Water color painting Bark "Eichard," 222 tons, built 1826. Water color painting by Pellegrini, Mar- seilles, 1831 Whaling Scene (long oil painting at Essex Institute), — bark "Richard" of Salem and ship "Julian " of New Bedford, taking and " cutting in " whales and "trying out" blubber. NEW BEDFORD Ship " Eliza Adams," 338 tons, built 1835. Oil painting Bark " Minnesota," 243 tons, built 1849. Water color painting Ship "Alice Mandell," 425 tons, built 1851. Builder's model. Bark " Bertha," 175 tons, built 1878. Builder's model Bark " Kingfisher," 451 tons, built 1856. Builder's model Bark " Progress," 341 tons, built 1843. Builder's model NEW LONDON Schooner " Flying Fish," 76 tons, 1870. Builder's model " Sperm Whaling with its Varieties," colored lithograph, 1870, after a picture by Benjamin Russell of New Bedford. ENGRAVED WHALES' TEETH In the Marine Room collection are thirteen whales' teeth engraved with various designs by sailors, and, on deposit, are twenty-two more owned by Lawrence W. Jen- kins. Among them are several with representations of merchant and naval vessels. Those relating to whaling or with whaling vessels are : — Ship "Susan of Nantucket," four representations on two teeth, — "engraved by Fred- erick Myrick, January 29, 1829." Ship Elizabeth of Salem, two representations on one tooth. Gift of her commander in 1838 Jona. P. Saunders. (The name of the vessel is not given but the iden- tification seems satisfactory.) Whaling scene, — engraved on both sides of two teeth fitted together at their bases. Brig "Tamaahmaah, John Meek commander" and brigantine "Chinchilla, Thos. Meek commander," both of New York, engraved on opposite sides of a large tooth. About 1840. (It is not certainly known that these vessels were whalers.) THE WHALING EXHIBIT. In October, 1907, the Trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science received by gift from the Field Museum of Natural History of Chicago a collection of objects illustrating the whaling industry which had been exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. The gift included: — 11 single and double " flued " old forms of hand harpoons 16 old and new forms of ''toggle" hand harpoons 8 " toggle " gun harpoons 1 large gun harpoon, 1850 1 long hand lance 15 old forms of gun lances 21 bomb lances ; fragments of exploded bomb lances taken from whales 1 large bomb harpoon used on Norwegian steam whalers 1 breech-loading and 10 muzzle loading shoulder guns for gun harpoons and bomb lances 2 Pierce and Cunningham bomb lance guns, one with harpoon 1 large Greener boat harpoon gun 1 muzzle loading and 1 breech loading gnn- pistol and powder flask from the whal- ing bark " Progress" 2 ship's compasses, 2 quadrants, barometer, chronometer, box of charts, slate and parallel ruler used on the bark " Pro- gress " 4 log books of whaling voyages 5 books on navigation 2 pictures of whaling vessels 1 lithograph of whaling scene 1 chart of signal flags 8 builder's models of whaling vessels 1 signal cannon of bark " Progress " 1 slung shot, tool for heading barrels, Nor- wegian tive-pronged spear 2 boxes, carvings in whale ivory, etc., handi- work of sailors Before this gift was received it had not been possible, owing to lack of material, to arrange an exhibit illustrating the whaling industry. This was almost the only feature of the commercial-marine history of Essex County not in some way represented in the museum, although a matter of great popular interest and a very desirable ex- hibit from an educational stand point. All objects relating to whaling the museum possessed, chiefly of a local nature, have been incorporated with the collection recently acquired from the Field Museum and arranged in the wall cases on the western side of the entrance corridor in connec- tion with the Marine Room collections. To these have been added a series of speci- mens and drawings illustrating the natural history of whales, selected from the zoolog- ical collections of the museum. The arrangement by sections is as follows : 1 The Natural History of Whales ; — drawings of principal species, skeleton of por- poise. Above the case ; — bones of large whales, jaw of sperm whale, baleen, etc. 2 Pictures ; — whaling scenes 3 Pictures ; — whaling vessels of Essex County 4 Navigation ; — compass, quadrant, charts, etc. used on the whaling bark "Progress " ■ 5 Sailors' outfit and their handiwork on whaling voyages 6 Tools used on whaling vessels ; log-books 7-10 Implements used in the capture of whales; — hand and gun harpoons, hand and bomb lances, harpoon and bomb lance guns, boat harpoon gun, Norwegian bomb harpoon used on steam whaling vessels 11 Loan collection ; — pictures and books, old and recent, relating to whales and whaling 12 Alaska ; — whaling and sealing, — models of native craft, harpoons, etc. 13 Economic (to be added later) ; — products of whales and their uses, — oils, baleen, spermaceti, ambergris, etc. Builder's models of whaling vessels (above the case) The collection is illustrated with cuts and drawings and is also provided with explanatory labels. It is intended to make the whaling exhibit in this museum only an epitome of the subject in general, for the great exhibits should be in the United States National Museum where the scientific and comprehensive collections are displayed and at New Bedford where already an excellent foundation is established for an exhaustive his- torical collection. But there should be in Essex County a collection, chiefly of an educational character where, also, the relics of the local whaling industry, which was carried on quite extensively from 1820 to 1870, shall be preserved. The trustees, therefore, solicit the gift of auy objects relating to the whaling industry of this region to add to the collection just placed on exhibition. All gifts will be promptly ac- knowledged, recorded and marked with the name of the giver. A model of an equipped whale boat, implements used on whaling vessels, sailors' carvings, pictures of Essex County whaling vessels, log books and journals of whaling voyages are particularly desired. Gifts may be sent to the museum or will be called for upon notification. John Kobinson, Keeper of the Kelics of the E. I. M. S. Marine Koom, Peabody Museum, Salem, December 10, 1907. (Acknowledgements are due to Stephen W. Phillips for the use of documents relating to whaling voyages ; to Gardner M. Jones, Librarian of the Salem Public Library, for his coopera- tion in preparing the special book list and for its use here; to the Essex Institute for the use of the half-tone blocks from which the illustrations are printed and, especially, to Lawrence W. Jenkins for preparing the list of Essex County whaling vessels and that of the log books in the library of the Essex Institute.) THE WHALING INDUSTRY IN ESSEX COUNTY Whaling was carried on along the coast of New England before 1614 and " whal- ing rights were guaranteed by the Koyal charter of 1629 to the proprietors of Massa- chusetts as being within their waters." Frequent mention is made in old records of the capture of whales by parties in boats, not far from the shore, in the bays from Cape Cod to Boston, Salem, Ipswich, etc. By 1748 the whales had retired to deeper waters and were pursued in sloops and, later, in schooners and other vessels carrying whale boats. This was continued until interrupted by the war of the Revolution. In 1784, however, a Salem brig arrived in Boston with 600 barrels of whale oil, and dis- tant whaling and sealing voyages were occasionally undertaken during the next forty years, as will be seen by the following lists, again interrupted by the difficulties with France in 1799 and the war of 1812. In 1830 systematic efforts were made to place the whaling industry on a firmer basis and Essex County merchants and ship owners fitted out mauy vessels for whal- ing voyages. The industry was continued with varying success until the period of the Civil war when whaling from this region practically ceased. 4 m^ Ship Eliza of Salem Ship Sapphire of Salem ESSEX COUNTY WHA.LING VESSELS Peepared by Lawrence W. Jenkins Eeferences: Felt's " Annals of Salem"; Osgood and Batchelder's <' Sketch of Salem"; Essex Institute, — log books, early Essex County newspapers, Salem ship register ; Starbuck's " History of the American Whale Fishery." Any authentic information by which this list may be extended will be gladly received. SALEM Rig Name Brig - - - - Ship Minerva Ship Rachel Brig Britannia Ship Gen. Knox Brig Nancy (Memoranda, before 1830) Voyages Years Notes 1 1784 Capt. Frost : 600 barrels of whale oil taken to Boston in August. 1799-1802 Sealing in the Antartic 1803 Sealing in the Antarctic 1818 Sealing voyage: wrecked ofE Manchester. 1820 600 barrels of sea elephant oil 1821 100 barrels of sea elephant oil SALEM (After the revival of the whaling industry, 1832) Ship Bengal 4 1832-1840 Ship Catharine 1 1832 Bark Cavalier 1 1835-1837 Bark Derby 1 1837 Brig Eagle 1 1837 Ship Eliza 3 1833-1841 Ship Elizabeth 3 1836-1844 Brig Emeline 2 1836-1837 Ship Emerald 5 1833-1843 Brig Falcon 5 1862-1868 Sch. Franklin 2 1836-1837 Bark Henry 2 1841-1845 Ship Izette 6 1841-1840 Ship James Maury 3 1833-1841 Ship Lydia 2 1835-1837 Sch. Mac 2 1836-1837 Bark Malay 2 1837-1842 Bark Margaretta 2 1851-1852 Bark Messenger 3 1854-1860 Burnt at Hawaiian Islands, 1832 Wrecked at Falkland Islands, 1838 Altered to a bark in 1838, condemned in 1843 Altered to a bark in 1836, lost at Madagascar, 1845 liost in the South Pacific, 1847 Lost in the Mozambique channel in 1842 One of the vessels of the "stone fleet' which sailed from New Bedford in 1861 and were sunk to block the harbors of Charleston and Savannah. Ship Mount WoUaston 3 1836-1840 Bark Palestine 2 1835-1839 Bark Pallas 1 1832 Sailed for the Fiji Islands Sch. Para 4 1865-1871 Altered to a brig. Bark Eeaper 4 1833-1839 Rig T^ame Bark Kichard Bark Said Bin Sultan Ship Samuel Wright Ship Sapphire Bark Statesman Bark William H. Shailer. Voyages Years 2 1335-1837 1867 1833-1889 1836-1841 1836-1842 1866-1867 Notes Brig Eagle sailed as tender on second voyage. Lost at Montevidio in 1839. Lost at Geography bay, Australia, 1840 Foundered in the West Indies, 1843, Condemned in 1844 (Fuller details of owners' names, etc., will be found in the Salem Ship Register published by the Essex Institute) BEVERLY Brig Benjamin Franklin 5 1850-1855 A Bark Eben Dodge 2 1853-1854 Brig Escol 10 1858-1873 Brig Gem 4 1849-1853 Bark Lady Suffolk 5 18.53-1859 Bark N. D. Chase 5 1851-1860 Sch. Thriver 5 1862-1866 Altered to a bark in 1852 GLOUCESTER Ship Lewis 1 1833 Ship Mount WoUaston 2 1833-1834 Ship Polly 2 1789-1794 Brig Sea Horse 2 1788-1789 Sch. Thorn 1 1841 Brig Two Friends 1 1791 Ship 1 1793 Ship Atlas 4 1831-1835 Ship Clay 3 1833-1836 Ship Com. Preble 10 1834-1851 Ship Louisa 7 1831-1838 Ship Nahant 1 1836 Ship Ninus 6 1835-1844 Ship Wm. Badger 2 1845-1849 LYNN NEWBURYPORT Ship Adeline 1 1834 Brig Chance 1 1785 Sch. Georgia 2 1866-1868 Sch. Hannah Grant 2 1867-1869 Sch. Life Boat 2 1867-1868 Ship Merrimac 4 1833-1842 Ship Newhur«)ort -», n 1 1834 In many cases, especially among the earlier voyages, sealing as well as whaling was included, or the voyages were for sealing exclusively. The " elephant " oil re- ported was derived from the sea elephant (Macrorhinus angustirostris) a large marine mammal belonging to the seal and walrus family. 6 ^ A '<''% ^°-;^. C, vT ; .^^-V. ^ ^^-n^ ?-€S^'.' . 0' ,4q * <^. '^ A V G" ^^-'^^ •n^^o^ w^^ ^^"^ ^, V^"^- "^_ .-