LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 
 
 Chap.. — _. Copyright No.. 
 
 3 
 
 )29 E 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
AU( > 3l 1898 
 
A GUIDE BOOK 
 
 THE GEOUNDS AND BUILDINGS 
 
 HAEVAED UNIYEESITY 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
 lPublisbeb bg tbe Taniversttg 
 
 1898 
 

 13075 
 
 Copyright, 1808 
 By Harvard University 
 
 ico RcCtlVED. 
 
 ! is*,,. 
 
Agaaslz 
 
 MoKn 
 
 is.O. A., 36. 
 
 >lz. A., 82. 
 zamea, J. B.,44 
 Arnold, J H., 43. 
 Ashley, W. .J..15A. 
 Baker, Q P., 2. 
 Bancroft, W. A., 21. 
 Uci.l.-, J. H ,68.A. 
 Bdohcr, F„ 20. 
 HOchi-r, M , 72. 
 Brie.*., LeB. R., 13. 
 Burke, W 8., 86. 
 Byerly, W. E , 49. 
 Uhniiiilng, E„ 6. 
 Oumrolnga, E., 37 A. 
 Davenport C B., 41.A. 
 Davis, W. M., 40.A. 
 
 Dnobar.O F.,4. 
 
 !■ . r ,,,,.,,, i . . ,1. It., 77. 
 Bitot, 0. W ,29. 
 Elmwood, 1. 
 Kmi-rton.K, 68. 
 Kverett, O., 80 
 Forlow, W. G..38-A. 
 KHz. <). W., 38-A. 
 Fletcher,.!. B„ 9. 
 Krnoi-ko, K., 62-A. 
 Garrett, A. C.,63. 
 Goodale, (». L.. 86. 
 Goodwin, W. W.,66. 
 Orandgent, C. H., 71-A. 
 (Iroolioilgh, .1. B., 10. 
 
 Grose, O., 22. 
 Gullcli.d. B..64A. 
 Halo, K.,7». 
 Hull. IC. II., 48. 
 Hurl, A. It., 07. 
 IIIIIm, W.B., 63. 
 Mollis, I.N.. 60. 
 Hooper. E. W., 6. 
 Howard. A A., 10 
 Jngomnnn, II. 0. G. von, 
 Jiimui, W., 40. 
 
 i> >li i ". L. •!., 76. A. 
 
 K Ionian, T. J., 24. 
 
 Kluredgo, n. I.., 17. 
 
 I,,,,,,-, W.O., 46. 
 I.nugilcll. U. 0„ 31. 
 
 Unman, O. It., 30 A. 
 
 Lawn-nee, W., 611. 
 I.ookc, W. A., 41. 
 Love, J. I, , flT.A. 
 
 Lyon, ii. o., 12. 
 
 •• Senile, A.. 61. 
 
 emtio, H. M.,34. 
 Mnrcoii. I'. B„ 67. 
 Murk, K. I... 39.A. 
 Marsh, A. It., 70-A. 
 Monro, <J II., 64. 
 Morgan, M. II., I2A. 
 MorTaon, ll.B.,72 A. 
 Mlliml.il.org, II., 23. 
 Norton O.K., 88, 
 Nnyea, .1. A., 6. 
 I'nlno, .I.K., 18. 
 
 Palmer, 0. H.,98. 
 
 Parker,!). I" ,041). 
 ' , a. II., 76. 
 iy, F. d., 4 
 , B. 0„ 61. 
 Police,.!. M„ 42. 
 Pickering, E. O., 78. 
 Plainer,.). W„ 73. A. 
 l'oll, M., 0411. 
 I'oltor, A. O., 10-A. 
 I'oliomi. If. W.,66. 
 lliiilollllo College, 68. 
 
 Richards, 'I' w„ oo. 
 Roblnion, W., ii-a. 
 Roper d. H„ 00-B. 
 
 Iloyco, J., 30. 
 Snlilno, W. 0., 8II-A. 
 Hnrgolil, D. A., 68. 
 
 Searle, A., 82. 
 
 Hinder, N. S.,80. 
 
 Sheldon. E. B„ 74. 
 Buillli.t). I.., 84. 
 Smith, J., 02. 
 Smyth, II. I.., 63-A. 
 Sumlohrojt, K. 0. do, 33. 
 Taussig, F. W., 37. 
 Thayer, .1. B.,00. 
 Thayer, ,1. 11,7. 
 •nillliKlnial, W. H., 81. 
 Torrey, J., Jr , 78. 
 Toy, 0. II., II. 
 Timvliililga, J., 76. 
 Wnlcutl, II. I'., 60. 
 Wainlnuigh, K., 60-A. 
 Warren, II. L , 62. 
 While, J. W., 66. 
 
 Williams, J. B,| 8. 
 
 Wills™, It. W., 18. 
 Wrlghl, J. H., 82-A. 
 
 A.-Austlu Hall. Law 
 
 School 1883. 
 A.O.— ApploU.n chapel, ISM. 
 A.D.— A.D Ohio House. 
 A.A.*.-Alphn Delia I'hl 
 
 I 'lull Ilouao. 
 An.— Apley Court, 1807. 
 B.— Boylston Hull, 1867. 
 Ue.-Boek Hall, 1878. 
 Br— Browoi'a Block. 
 C- -College Home, 1832. 
 Cotip.— Harvard Coi'lpenillvo 
 
 IVi.lu.il'y, F. II., 47. 
 
 Ot.— Connnl Hall. 1804. 
 Uv.-Claverly llnll, 1803. 
 Oy.-Oaroy Alhlello Bnlld- 
 
 Da.-Dano Hall, 1832. 
 Dana.— liana Chamlieis. 1N9T. 
 I)r — Dunstor Hall, 1897. 
 D.H -Divinity Home. 
 D.I,.— Divinity l.llirary. 1822 
 i.* —Delta I'M Clllh llouee. 
 F.— Foieroft House, 1888. 
 F.ll.-Felton Hall, 1877. 
 F.M.A.— Fogg Museum of Art 
 
 1896. 
 O.— Gray» Hall, 1863. 
 
 Gy Gymnasium, 1879. 
 
 H.— Hollls Hall, 1768. 
 
 H.P.CIub.— Hasty Pudding 
 
 Club Home, 1888. 
 Ha.— Harvard Ball, 1768. 
 HI.- Hilton Block, 1870. 
 H'ke-Holyoke Hon.o, 1870. 
 
 Elmwood. 
 G. P. Baker. 
 J. B. Williams. 
 C. F. Dunbar. 
 E. W. Hooper. 
 J. A. Noyes. 
 
 9 J. B. Fletcher. 
 
 10. J. B. Greenough. 
 10-A. A. C Potter. 
 
 11. C H.Toy 
 11A. W. Robinson. 
 
 12. D. G. Ljon. 
 12 A. M.H.Morgan. 
 
 13. LcB. R. Brlgga. 
 18-A. W..1. Ashley. 
 16 J K. Paine. 
 17. U. I. Kittredge. 
 IS. R. W. Wlllion. 
 
 19. A.A.Howard. 
 
 20. F. Bdcher. 
 
 21. W. A. Bancroft. 
 99. O. Groaa. 
 
 23. H. MUnstcrborg. 
 
 24. T. J. Hitman. 
 
 28. G.H Palmer. 
 
 29. C. W. Kllot. 
 80. N. S. Shalor. 
 
 31. C. O. Langdell. 
 
 32. A. Agasslz. 
 32-A. J. II. Wright. 
 
 33. F. C. de Sumlohrast. 
 33-A. W. G. Farlow. 
 
 34. S. M. Maovane. 
 C. A. Adama. 
 . O. R Lanmaii. 
 
 37. F. W. Tauaalg. 
 37- A. E. Ontnmlliga. 
 
 40-A. W. M.Davla. 
 41. W. A. Locke. 
 41-A. O. 11. Davenport. 
 ■' J. M Polree. 
 
 J. H. Arnold. 
 
 .1. It. Ames 
 
 W. O. Lane. 
 
 p. U. Ponliody. 
 
 B.H. Hall. 
 
 W. K. Byerly. 
 50. I. N. lloflla. 
 60-A. E. Wiiiiihiingh. 
 
 61. B. O. Pelrce. 
 
 62. II. L. Warren. 
 W. B. Hllla. 
 A. O. Garrett. 
 D. A. Sargent. 
 
 63-A. H. L. Smyth. 
 64. O. H. Moore. 
 66. F. W. Puluam. 
 
 66. II . P. Walcott. 
 
 67. A. B. Hart. 
 Hndollfto College. 
 
 61. A. MoKouzle. 
 
 62. J. Smith. 
 62.A. K. Franoko. 
 64. O. P. Parker. 
 64-A. O. 11. tlullek. 
 04-B. M.Poll. 
 66. .1. W. White. 
 
 66. W. W. Goodwin. 
 
 07. P. B. Marcou. 
 07-A. .1. I.. Love. 
 
 08. E. Emorton. 
 68.A. ,1. II. Boale. 
 69. T. W. Hhduirda. 
 69.A. W. O. Saliine. 
 60-B. J. 11. Ropia. 
 
 71 A. O. II. llniiidgn 
 72. M. BOohar. 
 72-A. R. s. Morieon. 
 
 78. J. Torrey, Jr. 
 73-A. J. W. Plainer. 
 74. E. S. Sheldon. 
 76. G. H. Parker. 
 76-A. L. J..Iiihneon. 
 J. Trowbridge. 
 
 E. Hnlo. 
 
 O. O. Evorett. 
 
 W. II. Tllllnghaat. 
 
 I.— Inatltute of 1770. 
 
 J. — Jefferaon Phyalcal Lab- 
 
 oratory, 1884. 
 ,Ia. — Jarvla Hall, 1891. 
 
 M— Matlhewa Hall, 1872. 
 Mm. — Memorial Hall, 1874. 
 Mn. — Mantor Block, 1862. 
 Mb. — Massachusetts Hall, 1720. 
 P. - Perklna Hall, 1894. 
 II. H. — PI Eta Society. 
 P. M. — Peabody !' 
 
 -Phi Delta Phi Club 
 
 Pt, — Preacott Hall. 1896. 
 Q'cy. — Qulncy Hall, 1892. 
 K.— Ilogera Building, 18*). 
 Kan.- Randolph Hull l«li7. 
 R'd. — Itead'a Block, 1886. 
 S.— Stoughtnn Hall. 1805. 
 
 SI. — Signet Club House. 
 So. — Society Houae, 1850. 
 T. — Thayer Hall, 1870. 
 Tr.- Trinity Hall, 1893. 
 U. — University Hall, 1816. 
 W. — Weld Hall, 1872. 
 
 W.B Weld Boat Houae, 1890. 
 
 Wa. — Wadawurth Ilimne, 1720. 
 Ware. — Ware Hall, 1894. 
 Warl. — Warland Block. 
 W. H.— Walter Hnatlnga Hall, 
 
 7..*.— Zeta PslClnb House. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 
 
 FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT. 
 
 TTARVARD COLLEGE was founded in 1636 by a 
 vote passed at an adjourned meeting (October 28, 
 Old Style) of the General Court of the Colony of Massa- 
 chusetts Bay. 
 
 The language of the vote was as follows : 
 
 ' ' The Court agree to give four Hundred Pounds 
 towards a School or College, whereof two Hundred 
 Pounds shall be paid the next year, and Two Hundred 
 Pounds when the work is finished, and the next Court 
 to appoint where and what building." 
 
 The ensuing year (1637) the General Court appointed 
 twelve of the most eminent men of the colony (among 
 whom were John Cotton and John Winthrop) "to take 
 order for a college at Newtown. " The name ' ' Newtown " 
 was soon afterwards changed by the General Court to 
 Cambridge, in recognition of the English University 
 where many of the colonists had been educated. 
 
 The following year (1638) John Harvard, a non- 
 conforming clergyman of England,, who had been in the 
 colony about one year, died at Charlestown, leaving half 
 of his whole property and his entire library (about 300 
 
volumes) to the institution. The value of this bequest 
 was more than double the entire sum originally voted by 
 the Court, and it was resolved to open the College at 
 once, and to give it the name of Harvard. The first class 
 was formed in the same year. 
 
 In 1642, during the administration of the first Presi- 
 dent, Henry Dunster, the general government of the Col- 
 lege and the management of its funds were placed in the 
 hands of a Board of Overseers consisting of "the Governor 
 and Deputy-Governor for the time being, and all the mag- 
 istrates of this jurisdiction [General Court] , together with 
 the teaching elders of the six next adjoining towns, — 
 viz., Cambridge, Watertown, Charlestown, Boston, Rox- 
 bury, and Dorchester, and the President of the said Col- 
 lege for the time being." 
 
 The Board of Overseers appears to have been too large 
 a body to have the immediate direction of the College, 
 and in 1650, through the efforts of President Dunster 
 and others, a charter was granted to the College by the 
 General Court, by which the College was made a Corpor- 
 ation, consisting of the President, five Fellows, and a 
 Treasurer, or Bursar, to have perpetual succession by the 
 election of members to supply vacancies, and to be called 
 by the name of the President and Felloios of Harvard 
 College. The powers conferred by this Act were accom- 
 panied with a provision which required that all Orders 
 and By-Laws of the Corporation should have the consent 
 of the Overseers before they went into operation. This 
 provision was found inconvenient and embarrassing in 
 practice, and in 1657 a law was passed, called "An Ap- 
 pendix to the College Charter," by which the acts of the 
 Corporation were declared to have immediate force and 
 
effect, and to be merely " alterable" by the Overseers, to 
 whom the Corporation was to be " responsible." 
 
 The Corporation and the Board of Overseers remain to 
 the present time the governing powers of the University ; 
 — changes in the constitution and the election of the latter 
 board have, however, been made ; — and this charter with 
 its appendix is now in force precisely as first drafted, not- 
 withstanding that several attempts were made, during the 
 first fifty years of its existence, to alter it or to substitute 
 another in its place. Several new charters which would 
 have essentially changed the organization of the College 
 passed both branches of the Colonial Legislature, but failed 
 to receive the sanction of the King or Governor, and none 
 of the proposed changes ever actually went into opera- 
 tion. The last attempt to obtain a new college charter 
 from the Crown was in 1700, when a draft of a charter 
 was prepared " to be solicited for to his Majesty," which 
 passed both branches of the Legislature, but was never 
 presented to the King. 
 
 After the constitution of the College had been for a 
 number of years in this unsettled condition, the General 
 Court in 1707 passed a vote, reasserting the integrity and 
 force of the charter of 1650, and it remains "the venerable 
 source of collegiate authority " to this day. 
 
 In 1780, when a Constitution was framed for the new 
 Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Articles were intro- 
 duced, securing to the President and Fellows of Harvard 
 College the perpetual enjoyment of all their vested rights 
 and powers, and providing for the organization of the 
 Board of Overseers. 
 
 From the foundation of 1636 has grown the present 
 University, with an endowment of more than nine millions 
 
of dollars in quick capital, and more than five millions 
 invested in buildings, libraries, laboratories, museums, 
 observatories, gardens, collections, apparatus, etc. 
 
 At the present time the University includes the follow- 
 ing departments where instruction is regularly given to 
 students : Harvard College, the Lawrence Scientific 
 School, the Graduate School, the Divinity School, the 
 Law School, the Medical School, the Dental School, the 
 Veterinary School, the Bussey Institution, the Summer 
 School. Other departments are the Arnold Arboretum ; 
 the University Library, consisting of the College Library, 
 the special libraries of the schools before named, seven 
 laboratory, sixteen class-room, and four museum libraries ; 
 the Chemical Laboratory ; the Jefferson Physical Labo- 
 ratory ; the special laboratories of the schools before 
 enumerated ; the Laboratory of the Peabocly Museum ; the 
 Laboratories of Zoology, Palaeontology, Entomology, 
 Geology, Physical Geography, Cryptogamic and Phanero- 
 gamic Botany, Mineralogy ; the University Museum, 
 including the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Bo- 
 tanical Museum, the Mineralogical Museum ; the Peabody 
 Museum ; the Semitic Museum ; the William Hayes Fogg 
 Art Museum ; the Warren Anatomical Museum at the 
 Medical School ; the museums of the various other schools ; 
 the Botanic Garden ; the Gray Herbarium ; the Astro- 
 nomical Observatory; the Hemenway Gymnasium, the 
 play-grounds, the boat houses, and the buildings devoted 
 to athletic sports. 
 
 Departments of the University. 
 
 In matters of administration, three of the depart- 
 ments of the University are closely united : Harvard 
 
College, the Lawrence Scientific School, and the 
 Graduate School are under the charge of the Faculty 
 of Arts and Sciences ; and the students of these three 
 departments do much of their work together, using reci- 
 tation rooms, laboratories, museums, libraries, etc., in 
 common. 
 
 To the students under its charge this Faculty offers 
 more than five hundred courses of instruction, divided 
 among the following subjects : Semitic Languages and 
 History ; Inclo-Iranian Languages ; Greek ; Latin ; Clas- 
 sical Philology ; English ; German ; Germanic Philology ; 
 French ; Italian ; Spanish ; Romance Philology ; Com- 
 parative Literature ; Celtic ; Slavic Languages ; History ; 
 Government ; Economics ; Philosophy ; Education and 
 Teaching ; Fine Arts ; Architecture ; Music ; Mathe- 
 matics ; Astronomy ; Engineering ; Military Science ; 
 Physics ; Chemistry ; Botany ; Zoology ; Geology ; 
 Mineralogy and Petrography ; Mining and Metallurgy ; 
 American Archaeology and Ethnology ; Anatomy, Physi- 
 ology, and Hygiene. 
 
 The Lawrence Scientific School offers eleven four-year 
 courses of study : Civil and Topographical Engineering ; 
 Electrical Engineering ; Mechanical Engineering ; Mining 
 and Metallurgy ; Architecture ; Chemistry ; Geology ; 
 Biology ; Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene ; Science 
 for Teachers ; General Science. 
 
 The Law School occupies Austin Hall, situated on 
 Holmes Field, in Cambridge, near the gymnasium. The 
 building contains lecture rooms, reading rooms, and 
 other accommodations for students, and a library which 
 numbers 44,000 volumes. The following courses of 
 study are offered : Contracts ; Criminal Law and Pro- 
 
cedure ; Property ; Torts ; Civil Procedure at Common 
 Law ; Agency ; Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes ; 
 Carriers ; Contracts and Quasi-Contracts ; Evidence ; In- 
 surance ; Jurisdiction and Procedure in Equity ; Sales of 
 Personal Property ; Trusts ; Damages ; the Interpreta- 
 tion of Statutes ; Law of Persons ; Conflict of Laws and 
 International Law ; Constitutional Law ; Corporations ; 
 Partnership ; Comparative Jurisprudence ; Roman Law ; 
 Suretyship ; Mortgages ; Massachusetts Practice ; Civil 
 Procedure under the New York Code. 
 
 The Divinity School occupies Divinity Hall and the 
 adjoining Library on Divinity Avenue, Cambridge. 
 Divinity Hall contains studies and bedrooms, a chapel, 
 and a reading room. The Library building contains the 
 library, consisting of 27,000 volumes and 5,600 pamph- 
 lets, classified in about seventy departments, and lecture 
 and recitation rooms. The Faculty offers courses in the 
 following subjects: Old Testament; New Testament; 
 Church History ; Social Questions ; Comparative Study 
 of Religions ; Theology ; Homiletics and Pastoral Care. 
 Instruction is also given in Elocution, and there are 
 general religious exercises of which the students have 
 charge. 
 
 The Medical School occupies a building on Boylston 
 Street, Boston, adjoining the Boston Public Library. 
 The building contains the usual lecture and recitation 
 rooms ; the laboratories of anatomy, physiology, histology, 
 chemistry, bacteriology, and pathological anatomy ; the 
 library, which is distributed among the several depart- 
 ments ; and the Warren Anatomical Museum. The 
 Faculty offers instruction in the following subjects : 
 Anatomy ; Histology and Embryology ; Bacteriology ; 
 
9 
 
 Physiology ; Chemistry ; Hygiene ; Therapeutics and 
 Materia Medica ; Pathology and Pathological Anatomy ; 
 Surgery ; Orthopedic Surgery ; Clinical Surgery ; Der- 
 matology ; Syphilis ; Theory and Practice of Physic ; 
 Clinical Medicine ; Neurology ; Psychiatry ; Pediatrics ; 
 Obstetrics ; Gynaecology ; Ovarian Tumors ; Ophthal- 
 mology ; Otology ; Diseases of the Throat and Nose ; 
 Orthopedics ; Diseases of the Genito-Urinary Apparatus ; 
 Legal Medicine ; Municipal Sanitation ; Clinical Micro- 
 scopy ; Cookery. 
 
 The Dental School, established in 1867, occupies a 
 building on North Grove Street, Boston, formerly used 
 by the Medical School. In addition to the usual lecture 
 and recitation rooms and laboratories, the building con- 
 tains a library, and a museum of over 3000 specimens. 
 
 The Faculty offers the following courses of instruc- 
 tion : Anatomy ; Physiology ; Chemistry ; Histology 
 and Embryology ; Bacteriology ; Operative Dentistry ; 
 Mechanical Dentistry and Orthodontia ; Surgery ; Opera- 
 tive Surgery ; Dental Pathology ; Oral Anatomy and 
 Physiology ; Surgical Pathology ; Materia Medica ; Neu- 
 rology ; Crown and Bridge Work and Metallurgy. 
 
 The School of Veterinary Medicine, instituted in the 
 year 1882-83, is situated at and near the corner of 
 Village and Lucas Streets, Boston. It occupies two 
 brick buildings : the Lucas Street building, which contains 
 rooms for lectures and dissections, the library, and the 
 museum, and the Village Street hospital, for the treatment 
 and observation of sick animals. In a third building, a 
 free clinic is maintained in connection with the school. 
 
 The Faculty offers the following courses of instruction : 
 Anatomy ; Bacteriology ; Histology and Embryology ; 
 
10 
 
 Physiology ; Chemistry ; Botany ; Materia Medica ; 
 Pathology and Pathological Anatomy ; Theory and Prac- 
 tice ; Ophthalmology ; Surgery ; Obstetrics ; Meat In- 
 spection ; Warranty and Evidence ; CliiifcaH^eterinary 
 Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 The Bussey Institution,, a school of agriculture and 
 horticulture, established in execution of trusts created 
 by the will of Benjamin Bussey, was opened in 1871-72. 
 It gives systematic instruction in agriculture, in useful 
 and ornamental gardening, and in chemistry and nat- 
 ural history as applied to these arts. The Institution is 
 situated at the outer edge of Jamaica Plain, about five 
 miles southwest of the centre of Boston, and close to the 
 Forest Hills station on the Boston and Providence Rail- 
 road. It is, in general, meant for young men who intend 
 to become practical farmers, gardeners, florists, or land- 
 scape gardeners ; as well as for those who will be called 
 upon to manage large estates, or who wish to qualify 
 themselves to be overseers or superintendents of farms, 
 country seats, parks, towns, highways, or public institu- 
 tions. It may serve a^o in special cases as a school 
 for the systematic training of young men fond of country 
 life or interested in natural history. 
 
 The Faculty offers instruction in the following subjects : 
 Theory and Practice of Farming ; Horticulture ; Natural 
 History ; Agricultural Chemistry. Instruction is given 
 by lectures and recitations, and by practical exercises in 
 the laboratories, greenhouses, and fields connected with 
 the farm. 
 
 The Summer School, in charge of a Committee of the 
 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, is in session for six weeks 
 during the first half of the Summer vacation. The School 
 
11 
 
 offers courses of instruction in the following subjects : 
 English ; French ; German ; Greek ; Latin ; History and 
 Government ; Engineering ; Physics ; Chemistry ; Bot- 
 any ; Geology ; Geography ; Physical Training. Courses 
 are also offered at the Harvard Medical School. Women 
 as well as men are admitted to the summer courses, 
 except to those at the Medical School, to those in 
 Engineering, and to the two more advanced courses in 
 Geology. 
 
 In the departments enumerated above instruction is 
 regularly given to students. Students are also, under 
 certain conditions to be determined in the individual case, 
 admitted to the other departments of the University, a 
 brief description of which, as well as of the buildings and 
 the equipment of the departments already named, will be 
 found in the following pages. 
 
 The University issues an annual Catalogue, and pamph- 
 lets describing the various schools and departments of the 
 University and the courses of instruction of each of the 
 divisions or departments under the Faculty of Arts and 
 Sciences. 
 
 In general, these pamphlets give lists of officers of 
 instruction and of government and of students ; and 
 detailed statements concerning the following subjects : 
 buildings, libraries, laboratories, museums, etc. ; require- 
 ments for admission, methods of instruction, text-books, 
 courses of instruction, clinical advantages, examinations, 
 requirements for degrees, prizes, scholarships, summer 
 courses, fees, and expenses. Copies of these pamphlets 
 may be obtained at the Publication Office of the Uni- 
 versity, 2 University Hall, Cambridge. 
 
THE COLLEGE YARD. 
 
 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH PREPARED FOR THE HARVARD 
 MEMORIAL SOCIETY. 
 
 There is nothing better to say to a stranger entering 
 the Yard of Harvard College than what Lowell said in 
 his oration on the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the founding of the College. Having first praised the 
 architectural beauties of Oxford and Cambridge, and 
 acknowledged the fitness of their quadrangles and clois- 
 ters to stand before our eyes for all the past glories of 
 English scholarship and all the venerable associations of 
 those aged universities, he frankly confessed of the New 
 England college that its past is ' ' well-nigh desolate of 
 aesthetic stimulus. We have none," he said, l 'or next 
 to none, of these coignes of vantage for the tendrils of 
 memory or affection. Not one of our older buildings is 
 venerable, or will ever become so. Time refuses to 
 console them. They look as if they meant business, and 
 nothing more." The interest of these buildings is very 
 great ; but it is entirely historical and practical, not 
 artistic. For beauty, one must look to the grass and to 
 the noble elms ; for inspiration, to the story of the hard 
 beginnings of the College and its fidelity to brave ideals, 
 and to the lives and characters of the men who have 
 studied and taught here, and from here have passed 
 into the service of their country, and of just causes, and 
 of mankind. 
 
 Nevertheless, it seems quite clear that the founders of 
 Harvard, poor men though they were, and in a wilderness, 
 
14 
 
 had in mind the English universities, and Cambridge 
 especially, when the} 7 set about their task. Many of 
 them were Cambridge men ; and the first building, rude 
 and ill-built as it was, had much that was suggestive 
 of a "Hall" in an English university. We do not 
 certainly know where it stood, though it was probably 
 near the site of Grays Hall, but the early records show 
 that it was a home as well as a place of study. There 
 were in it chambers, studies, a kitchen, and a buttery; 
 and on top there was a "turret." We even know the 
 cost of the various items purchased in fitting up the 
 several studies. Here, for example, is the account, 
 taken from the first College Book, for the study occupied 
 by George Downing of the Class of 1642. In the entry 
 he is called " Sir" Downing because he was a graduate 
 when the account was made ; later he went into the 
 English diplomatic service, was knighted, and won for 
 himself an eminence not very admirable, for he was 
 reputed a miser and a turn-coat. 
 
 Sir Downings Study. 
 
 lb s d 
 
 Impr. For boards 272 foote - 16 - 3 ob. q.] 
 
 It. Ten dayes &h worke at 22 d a day . . . - 19 - 3 
 
 It. For y e Smithe's worke 0-6-11 
 
 It. For glasse 0-2-1 
 
 It. For nayles, locke & key - 3 - 
 
 "lb 
 Sunia totalis 2 - 7 - 6 ob. q.] 
 
 There is no picture of this first " college," but the high 
 ideal of the builders and their scanty means resulted in a 
 structure of which one writer tells us that it was "thought 
 by some to be too gorgeous for a wilderness, and yet too 
 mean in others' apprehension for a college." It was soon 
 
15 
 
 in need of repairs and proved inadequate to the wants 
 even of the scanty College population of those days. 
 Within ten years of its completion the "governors" of 
 the institution had begun to "purchase the neighbors' 
 houses " to accommodate students. One of the houses 
 bought for this purpose was Mr. Edward Goffe's, and 
 it came to be known as G-offe's College. The term 
 "college" was at first applied to each of the separate 
 buildings, and this usage to some extent still survives. 
 In 1654 the commissioners of the Association for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians were per- 
 suaded to erect a small brick building for Indian youth y 
 and this was known as the Indian College. But the 
 experiment was not successful, and only one Indian ever 
 received a Harvard degree. The Indian College was 
 poorly built, and was a ruin before the end of the cen- 
 tury. The "Old College" was succeeded in 1672 by 
 the first Harvard Hall, or Harvard "College," and this 
 seems to have been well built, for it stood nearly a 
 century. 
 
 We have a good picture of this first Harvard Hall, and 
 we know that it stood in the Yard, just to the left of the 
 main entrance. It stood alone until the year 1700, when 
 a new " college," called Stoughton in honor of Lieutenant 
 Governor William Stoughton, who gave it, was built in 
 front of the main entrance, making a right angle with the 
 eastern end of Harvard. A few years later, under the 
 guidance of President John Leverett, the institution en- 
 tered on a new and more prosperous period in its career, 
 and in the year 1718 the General Court of Massachusetts 
 made a grant for still another "college," the oldest of 
 all the buildings now standing. 
 
16 
 
 This is Massachusetts Hall, on the right as one enters 
 the Yard through the Johnston Gate, and facing the 
 site of the first Harvard. It made, with Harvard and 
 Stoughton, a very small quadrangle, and of these three 
 buildings we have an engraving, made near the middle 
 of the eighteenth century. Behind Stoughton, as it ap- 
 pears in that engraving, there was an old field, crossed 
 by a brook ; probably no one dreamed of a time when it 
 would be covered with other College buildings. In 1720, 
 when Massachusetts was finished, the graduating class 
 numbered thirty-seven, and it was many years before any 
 great increase came. Cambridge was but a village, lying 
 chiefly between the College and the river. Boston itself 
 was but a small town, though thriving, and no bridge con- 
 nected the two places. One source of the income of the 
 College was the tolls of the Charlestown Ferry, which 
 Cambridge people usually crossed when they went to 
 Boston. The teaching in the College was chiefly the 
 work of tutors. The first professorship, the Hollis 
 Professorship of Divinity, was established the year 
 after Massachusetts was built. 
 
 It is pleasant to know that the outside of Massachusetts 
 has not been changed at all. Every class since 1720 has 
 seen the same square walls of red brick, the small win- 
 dows, the narrow doorways. But the inside has been 
 much altered. At first it was given over entirely to small 
 chambers and stiil smaller " studies." After the fight at 
 Lexington, in the Revolutionary War, the chambers were 
 for a time occupied by American troops, the students 
 being sent away to Concord. Early in the present 
 century, in President Kirkland's time, a part of the lower 
 floor was devoted to lectures and society meetings, and 
 
17 
 
 in 1870 the remaining chambers and studies made way 
 for large lecture halls and examination rooms. Several 
 of the larger lecture courses, chiefly in history, are now 
 given here. While the building was used as a dormitory 
 many of the most eminent sons of Harvard lived in it. 
 
 During the eighteenth century no progress whatever 
 was made towards the development of the quadrangle 
 into which one now looks on entering the Johnston Grate. 
 Six years after the completion of Massachusetts, the Pro- 
 vince legislature appropriated money to build the President 
 a house ; but the site chosen seems to show that it was 
 not meant to bear any especial relation to the buildings 
 already standing. Wadsworth House, as it is now called 
 in honor of the first President who occupied it, was the 
 home of every one of the Presidents who succeeded him 
 until President Edward Everett went out of office. It 
 shares with the Craigie House the distinction of having 
 sheltered "Washington, but it was found inadequate for a 
 headquarters. In recent years it has been put to many 
 different uses. It has been altered from time to time, 
 but except for the paint the outside is still suggestive of 
 the sober days and sober lives with which we naturally 
 associate it in our thought. 
 
 When the College was a century old, and had trained 
 hundreds of clergymen, it was still without a place of 
 worship of its own, although it had an interest in the 
 parish meeting house which stood near the site of Dane 
 Hall. The wife and daughter of Samuel Holden, M.P., 
 who himself had been a liberal benefactor of Harvard, 
 gave £400 to build a chapel, and a site immediately in 
 the rear of the first Harvard was chosen. Holden 
 Chapel was the first of the buildings to take its name 
 
18 
 
 from an English benefactor, and it is rather curious 
 that the others so named are very close to it. About 
 twenty years later, there being need of a new dormitory, 
 the legislature voted the necessary sums, a site to the 
 northeast of Harvard was chosen, and the building was 
 named for Thomas Hollis, an English merchant, who died 
 in 1731 and whose benefactions were the most remakable 
 feature in the cherishing of the College up to that time. 
 He was a Baptist, and yet he gave sums which in those 
 days were considered vast to help a school which had 
 dismissed its first President because he objected to infant 
 baptism. The Hollis Professorship of Divinity, estab- 
 lished more than a hundred and fifty years ago, was never 
 until the present time filled by a man in sympathy with 
 the creed of its founder. 
 
 Hollis Hall was scarcely built when the worst disaster 
 the College ever met again reduced the number of buildings 
 to five : Harvard Hall was burned in 1764, and it was only 
 with the greatest difficulty that Stoughton and Massachu- 
 setts were saved from the flames. The library and the 
 apparatus were lost, but the Province, feeling an especial 
 responsibility because the legislature was holding its ses- 
 sions in the hall at the time, promptly voted the money to 
 replace it, and a liberal stream of private benefactions 
 poured into the College treasury, so that there was soon 
 a new library and new apparatus. The new Harvard 
 was devoted to many uses. It had a kitchen and buttery, 
 a dining room, a chapel, a library, several lecture halls, 
 and the belfry. To tell how, from time to time, it lost 
 its various uses, until in our day it has only lecture rooms 
 and departmental libraries, would be to trace the expansion 
 of the Colonial College into the American University. 
 
19 
 
 The building of Harvard Hall was, in fact, the comple- 
 tion of the Colonial College. The five halls standing in 
 1776, with the old President's House, stood unchanged and 
 without increase when the Revolution came. From them 
 the students migrated to Concord while the British troops 
 held Boston, and into them American troops entered while 
 Washington commanded in Cambridge. We know that 
 the College was very patriotic. Indeed, it can claim no 
 small share in the Revolution. True, some of its officers 
 and graduates had written verses in Latin, Greek, and 
 English and printed them in a volume called ' ' Pietas et 
 Gratulatio Collegii Cantabriensis apud Novanglos" and 
 sent them to George III on his accession to the throne, 
 following in this the example of the English Universities ; 
 and the classes were still graded according to the social 
 position of the students. But for all that, Harvard was 
 thoroughly American. It had drifted entirely away from 
 the Cambridge traditions of its founders. It had bred 
 Quincy and Otis and two Adamses ; President Langdon 
 was ready to fight or to pray for independence, and John 
 Hancock had been chosen Treasurer because he was a 
 patriot, and not because he was a good man for the 
 place — he was, in fact, the worst treasurer the College 
 ever had. When the war ended, the College, with little 
 or no change in its constitution or character, entered 
 easily on its course as an American institution, thor- 
 oughly in sympathy with the ideas for which the Republic 
 stands and commended to popular favor by the eminence 
 of its graduates in the public service. 
 
 As if to open the way into a larger future, the first 
 Stoughton Hall, being in a ruinous state, was taken down 
 in 1780, the year in which Harvard took the name " Uni- 
 
20 
 
 versity." Its destruction certainly opened the way into 
 the present Yard. It was not rebuilt until 1804, and then 
 on a new site, north of Hollis, and it stood a year or more 
 under the name New Hall ; but in the end the old name 
 was given it. The money to build it came from a lottery, 
 and this method of raising funds, approved by the public 
 opinion of those days, was again employed in 1812, when 
 Hoi worthy was built. This was the last hall to be named 
 for an English benefactor. The man so honored was 
 Sir Matthew Holworthy, who died in 1678 and left the 
 College £1,000. Holworthy is the youngest of the 
 buildings commonly called old, and its site is important 
 because with Stoughton it formed the first corner in 
 the main quadrangle of the Yard. From that time there 
 was sure to be a quadrangle very much larger than the 
 old one formed by Massachusetts, Harvard, and the first 
 Stoughton, or the other enclosed by Harvard, Holden, 
 and Hollis. In November, 1812, the President and Fel- 
 lows appointed a committee ' ' to devise the form and site 
 of a building in the College grounds to include a Commons 
 Hall ;" and it was voted that in choosing a site the com- 
 mittee ' ' have reference to other buildings which may in 
 future be erected." The committee chose a site directly 
 opposite the main entrance ; Charles Bulfinch was the 
 architect, and the Hall when completed was called 
 University. 
 
 University was well named, whether we consider the 
 uses to which it has been put or the time at which it 
 was built. President Kirkland was in office, and his 
 administration is usually taken as marking the entrance 
 of Harvard into the life of a true university ; and of this 
 university life the new hall has been the centre. For 
 
21 
 
 years the religious exercises, the public exhibitions, and 
 the students' commons made the building important to all 
 members of the University community ; and the adminis- 
 trative machinery has always been operated from this 
 point. In President Kirkland's day five new professor- 
 ships were established, and the departments of Divinity, 
 Law, and Medicine were organized in university fashion. 
 The Massachusetts Medical College in Boston and Divinity 
 Hall in Cambridge gave evidence that the Yard was not to 
 be the limit of physical expansion. They were fore- 
 runners of so many buildings for scientific and other 
 purposes, built outside the Yard, that it was soon only 
 a question of time when the Yard itself would become of 
 less practical importance than the departments outside it. 
 It was the beginning of a process which is still going on, 
 and as a result of which we see Harvard admission exami- 
 nations offered in Tokio and a Harvard Observatory on 
 top of a Peruvian mountain. 
 
 But the Yard was not yet finished. President Quincy, 
 who succeeded Kirkland, saw two very important changes 
 in it. On the site of the old meeting house, south of 
 Massachusetts, Dane Hall was built in 1832, through 
 the liberality of Nathan Dane, and for fifty years it was 
 -the University School of Law ; here Greenleaf and Story 
 and Parsons lectured. It did not, however, look much 
 like the present Dane, nor stand in the same spot, but 
 farther north. In 1845 important changes were made 
 in the building. Before its removal in 1871 to make 
 room for Matthews Hall, it helped to define the main 
 quadrangle; but Core Hall, begun in 1837, does not 
 belong to the main quadrangle at all. It was, in fact, 
 the beginning of a second quadrangle ; but evidently 
 
22 
 
 not by design. At first it was nothing more than the 
 western wing of the present building, but it was then suf- 
 ficient in size to harbor the largest library in the country 
 more commodiously than, with its several additions and 
 rearrangements, it now harbors the third largest. Ex- 
 cepting University, it was the only stone building in the 
 Yard, and it shares with University the distinction of 
 touching the interests of more men, inside and outside 
 the University, than any other of the Harvard buildings. 
 
 The main quadrangle as we now see it was not com- 
 pletely outlined until the building of Grays Hall in 1863. 
 Meantime, however, in 1857-58, Boylston Hall and 
 Appleton Chapel had risen on opposite sides of Gore, 
 Appleton serving to define the northern limit of the new 
 quadrangle. Both had their origin in the benefactions 
 of wealthy Bostonians, from whom they took their res- 
 pective names. Appleton Chapel supplanted University 
 as the centre of the religious life of the University, as 
 University had supplanted Holden and Harvard. Boyls- 
 ton, the first of the buildings distinctl} 7 dedicated to the 
 physical sciences, may be regarded as a humble beginning 
 of an extremely potent development in the later history 
 of the University. Grays, an unpretentious dormitory, 
 taking its name from a family eminent in the law and 
 eminent in generosity to the University, was the last 
 building erected in the Yard before the present era of 
 unprecedented expansion began with the inauguration of 
 President Eliot in 1869. 
 
 In the Yard three new dormitories, with Sever Hall, 
 the Fogg Museum of Art, and Phillips Brooks House, 
 testify to the eagerness with which the new vigor presses 
 into the space still left for the builder. They may serve 
 
23 
 
 also to indicate the chief source of energy ; for they 
 are all examples of a munificence unexampled until our 
 own times in the history of benefactions to American 
 universities. They stand for a period in which such 
 sums have poured into college treasuries as in other 
 countries could have come only from royal patrons. The 
 three dormitories, Weld, Matthews, and Thayer, have 
 completely filled out the line of the main quadrangle. 
 Sever fixes the eastern limit of the second quadrangle. 
 It has been said that University Hall is still the centre 
 of University life. That is true enough ; but in another 
 sense Memorial Hall is also its centre. The aim of 
 the University has always been to train men for high 
 services, and Memorial commemorates the military service 
 the sons of the University rendered in the Civil War. 
 First conceived in the enthusiasm with which Harvard 
 welcomed those of its graduates who came back alive 
 from the war, it was built at last by the contributions of 
 hundreds of alumni and friends who wished to put into 
 enduring form their reverence for those who never re- 
 turned. Its tower is the first object to catch the eye 
 of one who approaches the University ; its influence out- 
 lasts all others in the minds of those who go away. 
 Without it, and that for which it stands, Harvard might 
 still be a great University, but not what it aims to be — 
 an adornment and a support to the Republic. 
 
THE JOHNSTON GATE 
 
 THE MEYER GATE. 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS. 
 
 The Johnston Gats, at the main entrance to the 
 Yard, built in 1890, was the gift of Samuel Johnston of 
 Chicago. The ironwork, however, was given by Mrs. 
 George von L. Meyer, of Boston. The gate was designed 
 by Charles Follen McKim. On a tablet in the right wall 
 is the following inscription : 
 
 AFTER GOD HAD CARRIED VS SAFE TO NEW ENGLAND 
 
 AND WEE HAD BVILDED OVR HOVSES 
 
 PROVIDED NECESSARIES FOR OVR LIVELI HOOD 
 
 REARD CONVENIENT PLACES FOR GODS WORSHIP 
 
 AND SETTLED THE CIVILL GOVERNMENT 
 
 ONE OF THE NEXT THINGS WE LONGED FOR 
 
 AND LOOKED AFTER WAS TO ADVANCE LEARNING 
 
 AND PERPETVATE IT TO POSTERITY 
 
 DREADING TO LEAVE AN ILLITERATE MINISTRY 
 
 TO THE CHVRCHES WHEN OVR PRESENT MINISTERS 
 
 SHALL LIE IN THE DVST 
 
 NEW ENGLANDS FIRST FRUITS 
 
26 
 
 A tablet on the left wall bears this inscription : 
 
 BY THE GENERAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY 
 
 28 OCTOBER 1636, AGREED TO GIVE 400^ 
 
 TOWARDS A SCHOALE OR COLLEDGE WHEREOF 200^ 
 
 TO BEE PAID THE NEXT YEARE & 200^ 
 
 WHEN THE WORK IS FINISHED & THE NEXT COVRT 
 
 TO APPOINT WHEARE & W T BVILDING 
 
 15 NOVEMBER 1637 THE COLLEDG IS ORDERED 
 
 TO BEE AT NEWETOWNE 
 
 2 MAY 1638 IT IS ORDERED THAT NEWETOWNE 
 
 SHALL HENCEFORWARD BE CALLED CAMBRIGE 
 
 12 MARCH 1638-9 IT IS ORDERED THAT THE COLLEDGE 
 
 AGREED VPON FORMERLY TO BEE BVILT AT CAMBRIDG 
 
 SHALBEE CALLED HARVARD COLLEDGE 
 
 The Meyer Gate, at the Cambridge Street entrance 
 to the Yard, opposite the delta on which stands Memorial 
 Hall, was the gift of George von Lengerke Meyer, of 
 Boston, of the Class of 1879. Designed by Charles 
 Follen McKim, it was erected in 1891. 
 
 University Hall, built in 1815, of white Chelmsford 
 granite, after a design by Bulfinch, cost $65,000, of which 
 $53,000 was given by the State of Massachusetts. Soon 
 after its completion there was added to the western facade 
 a portico, which was, however, removed in 1842. For a 
 while it contained the library and the philosophical appara- 
 tus, and the room for ordinary chapel assembly. There 
 were galleries, pews for members of the Faculty and their 
 families, and a pulpit in the middle of the east side. The 
 Hall became the centre of the University life ; for some 
 time the students' Commons were here ; public dinners 
 
28 
 
 and Commencement and Exhibition Performances were 
 given here as late as 1867 ; and here were entertained 
 Presidents Monroe, Jackson, Van Bnren, and the Mar- 
 quis de Lafayette. Of late years the hall has undergone 
 much alteration. In 1849 the lower floor, and in 1867 
 the chapel, were cut up into recitation rooms ; and other 
 changes have given the building over to lectures and 
 administrative work. In 1896, however, the original 
 chapel was restored, and is now used for the meetings 
 of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Its walls are 
 hung with portraits of former officers and of benefactors 
 of the University. Nearly on this site, but a little to 
 the east, stood, probably, the first Stonghton Hall, built 
 in 1700; and here, also, was the spring at which Pro- 
 
 Massachusetts Hall was built from a grant of 
 £3,500 made in 1718 by the Province of Massachusetts. 
 It was finished in 1720, and was at first used as a dormi- 
 tory. After the Battle of Lexington, 1775-76, it was 
 used as a barracks by the Continental soldiers and some- 
 what damaged. About one hundred years after the 
 erection of the building, the lower part was given over to 
 rooms for lectures and societies ; and in 1870 the whole 
 building was devoted to the public uses of the University. 
 In the lower hall are held the Phi Beta Kappa dinners ; 
 and here, on Commencement, the President and the other 
 officers of the University welcome the Governor of 'the 
 Commonwealth, his staff, and the invited guests of the day. 
 
 Harvard Hall, built in 1765-66 by the Province of 
 Massachusetts, at a cost of $23,000, replaced the first 
 
MASSACHUSETTS HALL. 
 
 HARVARD HALL. 
 
30 
 
 Harvard Hall, which was destroyed by fire in 1764. This 
 was one of the severest losses ever sustained by the Uni- 
 versity, as the Hall contained at the time of the fire the 
 best library in the country, including among other books 
 some given by Bishop Berkeley, and the library of John 
 Harvard, from which only one book, " Downam, his War- 
 fare," was saved. As the building was occupied at the time 
 by the Province Legislature, which had been driven from 
 Boston by the small pox, the Province of Massachusetts 
 considered itself responsible for the loss, and therefore 
 built the present Harvard Hall. This first contained the 
 chapel, the library, the philosophical apparatus, and the 
 dining hall of the College. Like Massachusetts Hall, it 
 was used and somewhat damaged by the troops in Revolu- 
 tionary times. In it Washington was received in 1789, 
 and Monroe in 1817. Except Holden Chapel it is the 
 only one of the early College buildings which has never 
 been used as a dormitoiy. The building is now used for 
 lectures and recitations and contains the libraries of the 
 Departments of the Classics, History and Government, 
 and Economics. 
 
 The Library of the Department of the Classics (Room 3). 
 — This library was established for the use of students in 
 the Department of the Classics with the design of provid- 
 ing them with facilities for the pursuit of their studies. 
 It contains the necessary books for this purpose, such 
 as dictionaries, general treatises on grammar, history, 
 antiquities, literature, philosophy, etc., together with all 
 the most recent and many of the more valuable older 
 editions of Creek and Latin authors, in all about 3000 
 volumes. 
 
31 
 
 Library of the Department of History and Government. 
 — This library, which is connected with that of Political 
 Economy, contains about 1400 volumes on English and 
 continental European history, and about 850 on American 
 history. It is designed to provide additional copies of all 
 the works of reference most needed in the general courses. 
 
 Library of the Department of Political Economy 
 (Room 2). — This library contains 926 volumes, selected 
 for the use of students in connection with the instruc- 
 tion offered by the department. The nature of the in- 
 struction makes it necessary that the important standard' 
 literature in economics shall be readily accessible for 
 students ; hence the collection contains the books which 
 would naturally find a place in any compact library 
 on the subject, — the important books on monetary 
 topics, taxation and finance, international trade, economic 
 history, social questions, the dictionaries and compends 
 of political economy, statistical abstracts, official docu- 
 ments, reports, census volumes, both of the United States 
 and of foreign countries, and more particularly the syste- 
 matic works of the great writers of earlier and later date. 
 
 Hollis Hall, built by the Province of Massachusetts 
 in 1763, at a cost of £3,000, and named in honor of the 
 first Thomas Hollis, contains 32 rooms. Hollis, who es- 
 tablished two chairs, the Hollis Professorship of Divinity 
 and the Hollis Professorship of Mathematics and Natural 
 Philosophy, was the greatest benefactor of the University 
 during its first century of existence ; and during the 
 eighteenth century his example was followed by other 
 members of his family. This building was, from the 
 first, used as a dormitory, but some of its rooms have 
 
been occupied by societies, such as the Harvard Wash- 
 ington Corps, the Engine Company, and the Pi Eta. 
 Like the other older buildings it was given up to quarters 
 for soldiers during the Revolutionary War, and somewhat 
 damaged. 
 
 Stoughton Hall, built in 1805 at a cost of about 
 $24,000, of which three-fourths was secured by a public 
 lottery authorized by the State, was named for Lieutenant 
 Governor William Stoughton, who, as Chief Justice in the 
 Witchcraft Trials, was active in their prosecution. It was 
 he who gave the funds for the first Stoughton Hall, built 
 in 1700. The present Stoughton, at first called New 
 Hall, was used from the beginning as a dormitory. 
 The Hasty Pudding Club formerly met and had reading 
 rooms here. Like Hollis Hall, the building has 32 rooms. 
 
 Phillips Brooks House, a memorial to Phillips 
 Brooks, of the Class of 1855, was designed by Alexander 
 Waclsworth Longfellow, of the Class of 1876. It was 
 begun in March, 1898, and is to cost, when finished, 
 $50,000. Here the religious and charitable work of the 
 University finds its centre. Besides the space devoted 
 to the volunteer charit}' work of the students, the build- 
 ing contains a large general meeting room, a room with 
 facilities for giving dinners, a committee room, two so- 
 ciety rooms, a libraiy, memorials to Phillips Brooks and 
 others, and an assembl}' hall occupying the whole of the 
 top story. 
 
 Holden Chapel. — Madam Holden, wife of Samuel 
 Holden, M.P., Governor of the Bank of England, — who 
 
HOLLIS HALL 
 
 STOUGHTON HALL. 
 
34 
 
 was regarded as the head of the English Dissenters, — 
 together with her daughters, gave to the College £400. 
 With this money the first building put up solely for 
 religious uses by the University, Holden Chapel, was 
 built in 1744. On its west front the Holden Arms are 
 carved in wood. When the present Harvard Hall was 
 built, Holden ceased to be used for religious services. 
 For a while it contained four rooms, being divided into 
 two stories, each of which consisted of two apartments. 
 Those on the lower floor were used as chemical laboratory 
 and lecture room ; those on the upper floor as anatomical 
 museum and lecture room ; but after the building of 
 Boylston Hall each story was converted into one large 
 recitation room, and later these were thrown together into 
 a single room. In recent years Holden Chapel has been 
 used chiefly for religious purposes, society meetings, etc. 
 
 Holworthy Hall was built, chiefly from the pro- 
 ceeds of a lottery authorized by the State of Massachusetts, 
 in 1812. It was named for Sir Matthew Holworthy, an 
 English merchant, who, when he died, in 1678, left to 
 the College £1,000, the largest single gift received in the 
 seventeenth century. Used always as a dormitory, this 
 hall has for many years been considered, on account of 
 its large rooms, the most desirable in the Yard, and was 
 for a while used exclusively by seniors. Room 12, which 
 was visited in 1860 by the Prince of Wales, and in 1871 
 by the Duke Alexis, contains pictures of these personages 
 presented by themselves. Holworthy has 24 suites of 
 rooms, each consisting of a study and two single bed- 
 rooms. 
 
HOLDEN CHAPEL. 
 
 HOLWORTHY HALL. 
 
36 
 
 Thayer Hall was erected in 1869-70 at a cost of 
 $100,000. It was the gift of Nathaniel Thayer, a mer- 
 chant of Boston, a member of the Board of Overseers 
 from 1866 until 1868, a Fellow of the College from 
 1868 until 1875. He gave it in memory of his father, 
 Nathaniel Thayer, of the Class of 1789, in 1792-93, a 
 tutor in the College, and of his brother, John Eliot 
 Thayer, the founder of the Thayer Scholarships. This 
 dormitory, which contains 68 suites of rooms, was de- 
 signed to accommodate 116 students and three officers. 
 
 Weld Hall, containing 54 suites of rooms, of which 
 22 are single and the rest double, was built in 1871-72, 
 at a cost of about $97,000. It was given by William 
 Fletcher "Weld, in memory of his brother, Stephen Minot 
 Weld, of the Class of 1826, a benefactor of the College, 
 a member of the Board of Overseers from 1858 until his 
 death in 1867, and one of the first to conceive the idea 
 of a Memorial Hall. 
 
 Grays Hall, built in 1863 by the College, is named 
 for Francis Galley Gray, of the Class of 1809, a Fellow 
 of the College from 1826 until 1836, John Chipman Gray, 
 of the Class of 1811, a member of the Board Overseers 
 from 1847 until 1854, and William Gray, of the Class of 
 1829, a member of the Board of Overseers from 1866 
 until 1872, benefactors of the University. It has always 
 been used as a dormitory, and has 49 suites of rooms, 
 each consisting of a study and an alcove. Antiquarian 
 research has made it seem probable that the first of all 
 the College buildings formerly stood on this site. 
 
THAYER HALL. 
 
 AVELD HALL. 
 
38 
 
 Matthews Hall, completed in 1872, was the gift of 
 Nathan Matthews, of Boston, who stipulated that half 
 of the net income from the dormitory should be used to 
 aid students preparing for the ministry of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church and sons of clergymen of that church. 
 Fifteen Matthews Scholarships were established. This 
 dormitory, containing 60 suites of rooms, is thought to 
 stand on the site of the old Indian College built in 1666. 
 
 College House, originally called Graduates' Hall, 
 was erected at the expense of the College in 1832. In 
 1845, when it was occupied largely by law students, an 
 addition was made in order to give room for a store and 
 for the office of the Omnibus Company. Undergraduates 
 were first allowed to room here in 1846-47, but it was not 
 until 1860 that the name was changed to College House. 
 The upper floors contain 70 rooms ; the lower floor is 
 occupied by stores. It is situated in Massachusetts 
 Avenue, opposite Dane Hall. 
 
 Holyoke House, erected by the President and 
 FelloAvs in 1870-71, at a cost of $120,000, contains 
 50 suites of rooms. It is situated at the corner of 
 Massachusetts Avenue and Holyoke Street ; its lower 
 floor is occupied by stores. 
 
 Dane Hall, built with $7,000 given by Nathan Dane, 
 of Beverly, of the Class of 1778, a delegate to the Con- 
 tinental Congress, was completed in 1832 ; but when 
 Matthews Hall was built, Dane Hall was moved a short 
 distance south of its original site. The Law School occu- 
 pied the building until 1883 ; then it removed to Austin 
 
GRAYS HALL 
 
 MATTHEWS HALL. 
 
40 
 
 Hall. In 1882 certain rooms were given over to the 
 Harvard Cooperative Association, which still occupies 
 them. Other rooms are now used for lectures and for 
 the Psychological Laboratory ; one room contains the 
 Musical Library of about 200 volumes. In 1845, and 
 again in 1891, Dane Hall was enlarged. 
 
 The Psychological Laboratory, founded in 1891, occu- 
 pies the second floor of Dane Hall, and consists of ten 
 working rooms and one large lecture room. It is devoted 
 chiefly to original research work in all fields of experi- 
 mental psychology, and, secondarily, to courses for be- 
 ginners in psychology ; its equipment furnishes at the 
 same time the material for the demonstrations in the psy- 
 chological lecture courses. The collection of apparatus, 
 which represents a value of about $10,000, may be classi- 
 fied in five groups : (1) apparatus for the study of centri- 
 petal processes, especially sensations ; (2) apparatus for 
 the study of centrifugal processes, especially actions ; (3) 
 apparatus for the study of central processes, especially 
 ideas ; (4) apparatus for the demonstration of the physio- 
 logical processes which underlie mental life; (5) the 
 technical outfit. 
 
 The first group contains the collection of instruments 
 for the study of seeing, hearing, and touching. In 
 the service of the optical investigations two rooms are 
 fitted up as dark rooms, equipped with the heliostates 
 and with instruments for the study of color-sensations. 
 Most of the acoustical equipment was furnished by Konig 
 (Paris) and Appunn (Hanau) . The second group cont ains 
 among its means for studying the centrifugal processes, 
 such as emotion, volition, action, the instruments for the 
 time measurement of psychical processes and for the 
 
COLLEGE HOUSE. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 Br x' /' 
 
 .« h 
 
 * r * , *BS»J 
 
 
 jfl 
 
 feV'--"' /'' 
 
 
 I*Shi3B 
 
 '' ii 
 
 
 - W W 
 
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 f-p" ' ; * 
 
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 T|il 
 
 tuminMiiiU'iiH jig 
 
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 k*S3 *' 
 
 
 HOLYOKE HOUSE. 
 
42 
 
 registration of expression. Instruments of the labora- 
 tory belonging to this group are the chronoscopes and 
 the chronographs, the kymographs and registering tuning- 
 forks, the pendulum instruments and the control hammer, 
 the pneumographs and sphygmographs, the plethysmo- 
 graphs and ergographs, the electric keys and the chain 
 reaction apparatus, etc. The apparatus of the third 
 group is employed in the study of the ideas and their 
 associations, of memory and apperception, of space and 
 time, and of attention and feeling. The work on associ- 
 ation, space sense, and aesthetic feelings has, during late 
 years, been especially prominent and has demanded many 
 new instruments of special construction. The fourth 
 group contains models of brain and sense organs, mostly 
 with detachable parts ; microscopes, with histological nerve 
 preparations ; apparatus demonstrating the functions of 
 eye and ear. The fifth group includes a regular work- 
 shop, with carpenter's bench, electrical outfit with bat- 
 teries, motors, induction coils, galvanometers, etc. ; 
 chemical and mechanical, anatomical and physiological 
 outfits ; and a full line of all material for preparing 
 the apparatus for the varying purposes of new investi- 
 gations. 
 
 Each room is in electrical connection with every other 
 room, and supplementing the batteries of the laboratory, 
 the current from the street wires supplies the building with 
 light and motor power. The reference library, which is 
 at the disposal of all using the laboratory, contains full 
 sets of the leading psychological and philosophical maga- 
 zines and a collection of philosophical, psychological, and 
 physiological handbooks and monographs. Large charts 
 of the nervous system, pictures of psychologists, and 
 
DANE HALL. 
 
 WADSWOKTH HOUSE. 
 
44 
 
 diagrams showing optical illusions, etc., cover the walls of 
 the rooms. The results of the investigations made in the 
 laboratory have been published mostly in the "Psycho- 
 logical Review." 
 
 Wadsworth House was built with £1,000 granted 
 by the General Court of Massachusetts (supplemented, 
 however, by, other funds, as the Legislature refused to 
 grant enough to finish the work) in 1726, a year after 
 President Wadsworth's inauguration. Inside, it was not 
 completed until the next year ; it cost altogether about 
 £1,800. It is the oldest building, except Massachusetts 
 Hall, now standing. At first called the President's 
 House, it was occupied by successive presidents until 
 1849. For a short time in 1775, until more spacious 
 quarters were obtained in the old Vassall House, now 
 known as Craigie House, the residence of Longfellow, 
 it was the headquarters of Washington and Lee ; and 
 undoubtedly some of the first despatches sent by Wash- 
 ington to Congress, to Richard Henry Lee, and to General 
 Schuyler, were written in this house. Towards the close 
 of the century the building was enlarged, and after 1849 
 it was used as a dormitory and boarding house for stu- 
 dents. It is at present occupied by the Bursar, the 
 Preachers to the University, and a few students. 
 
 Boylston Hall was erected in 1857 with a fund 
 bequeathed by Ward Nicholas Boylston, which was sub- 
 sequently largely increased by subscription. The building 
 Avas enlarged by the addition of a third story in 1870, 
 and the accommodations were still further extended in 
 1891 and 1895. It is occupied by the Department of 
 
45 
 
 Chemistry of Harvard College, the Lawrence Scientific 
 School, and the Graduate School. 
 
 On the entrance floor are four laboratories. — The lab- 
 oratory for quantitative analysis (Room 2), with 44 desks, 
 is provided with hoods, apparatus for electrolysis, and 
 water-baths of novel construction. In the weighing-room 
 adjoining this laboratory is a collection of 203 new com- 
 pounds and 50 other substances illustrating the original 
 work of the department before the year 1893. The 
 laboratory for inorganic research (atomic weights) is 
 entered through the laboratory for quantitative analysis. 
 It has accommodations for 8 students. 
 
 The laboratory for physical chemistry (Room 4) con- 
 tains places for 12 students. The laboratory for ele- 
 mentary chemistry (Room 5) contains 64 desks and can 
 accommodate 128 students. 
 
 In the basement is a laboratory with 116 desks (232 
 students) for descriptive inorganic chemistry. 
 
 On the second floor are the lecture rooms and the 
 rooms for chemical apparatus and specimens (Rooms 7, 
 9, 10). A selected collection of specimens is exhibited 
 in two cases in the entry for the use of the class in inor- 
 ganic chemistry. Attention is called to the series of 
 salts of neodymium and of praseodymium. The library 
 (Room 8) is also on this floor.' It contains the more 
 important chemical text-books and periodicals (1600 
 volumes and over 5000 dissertations) to be used for 
 consultation only ; it is supplementary to the larger 
 collection of books on chemistry in Gore Hall. 
 
 On the third floor is the laboratory for organic chem- 
 istry (Room 11) with desks for 25 men studying ele- 
 mentary chemistry, and for 9 students of research. On 
 
BOYLSTON HALL. 
 
 SEVER HALL. 
 
47 
 
 the same floor is the laboratory for qualitative analysis 
 with 98 desks (196 men), which also accommodates the 
 overflow of the class in descriptive inorganic chemistry* 
 The method of dispensing sulphuretted hydrogen will be 
 of interest to teachers of chemistry. 
 
 The storerooms for apparatus and chemicals are in the 
 garret. Electricity of various voltages, gas under con- 
 stant pressure, and live steam are supplied to those 
 rooms in which they are needed. Parts of the building 
 are lighted by electricity ; the ventilation is obtained by 
 fans worked by electric motors. 
 
 Sever Hall, completed in 1882 at a cost of about 
 $115,000, is named for Mrs. Ann E. P. Sever, who 
 left $100,000 to the College. It was designed by Henry 
 Hobson Richardson, of the Class of 1859. It contains 
 37 rooms, used chiefly for recitations and lectures. Here, 
 too, are the departmental libraries of English, French, 
 German, Sanskrit, Semitic, and Romance Languages. 
 
 The Child Memorial Library (Room 2). — This library 
 was founded by a subscription among the friends and 
 the former pupils of Professor Francis James Child to 
 perpetuate the memory of his services to the University 
 and to learning. This subscription resulted in a sum of 
 nearly $11,000, the income of which is spent under the 
 direction of the Department of English for the purchase 
 of books relating to the study of English. There are at 
 present in the library 2105 volumes. 
 
 With the Child Memorial Library are kept the Library 
 of the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, 
 numbering 400 volumes, and the Library of Romance 
 Philology, numbering 500 volumes. 
 
48 
 
 Library of the Division of Semitic Languages and 
 History (Room 7). — This library was established by the 
 generosity of Jacob H. Schiff , of New York ; a few 
 gifts have been received from other persons. It now 
 contains about 800 volumes and a number of pamphlets. 
 It is intended to supply students in Semitic languages 
 and history with the requisite aids for special investiga- 
 tion ; as far as possible the purchase of text-books and 
 •of books found in the College Library is avoided. The 
 use of the library is restricted to members and students 
 of the department. A sum of money recently given by 
 Mr. Schiff makes it possible to fill existing gaps, and 
 •especially to complete the collection of works relating to 
 .Rabbinical and Talmudical literature. 
 
 Library of the Department of Indo-Iranian Languages 
 ^Room 15). — The collections of the Sanskrit class-room 
 library comprise some 500 volumes on the religions, the 
 antiquities, and the literature of India, in part supplement- 
 ing, and in part duplicating the collection of the College 
 Library. Here are also kept some 500 manuscripts of 
 Sanskrit and Prakrit texts, purchased for the University 
 by Professor Lanman in India. These, with about as 
 many more given to the University by Dr. Fitzedward 
 Hall, of the Class of 1846, form the largest collection of 
 Indie manuscripts in America. 
 
 This library also contains maps and many large, 
 mounted photographs of Indie antiquities and scenery. 
 From these pictures have been made nearly 250 lantern- 
 slides, illustrating especially subjects concerning the 
 archaeology of India, and this collection of slides is 
 from time to time increased. The room contains three 
 cases with over 340 electrotype reproductions, made from 
 
49 
 
 the originals in the British Museum, of coins struck in 
 India before the Mohammedan invasion of 1000 a.d. 
 
 Here, also, is placed the Siamese edition of the Sacred 
 Books of the Buddhists, in 39 volumes, made by the 
 King of Siam to commemorate the 25th anniversary of 
 his accession to the throne, and by him given to the 
 University. 
 
 Library of the Department of French (Room 21). — 
 This library is intended for the use of instructors and 
 of students in the higher French elective courses and is 
 strictly a reference library. It comprises some 2000 
 volumes, and is being steadily increased. The books 
 are classified, and a card catalogue further facilitates 
 consultation. 
 
 A collection of photographic reproductions, containing 
 portraits of historical and literary celebrities, of historical 
 scenes and buildings, of important paintings, and views 
 of Paris and other cities of France, has been presented to 
 the department by the Cercle Francais. Many of these 
 photographs have been framed and hung in Sever 19, 21, 
 and 23. 
 
 The Fine Arts Drawing Room (Room 37). — This room 
 is provided with working tables for nearly 100 students. 
 In it is kept a considerable collection of drawings, pho- 
 tographs, engravings, and casts for class use. Among the 
 drawings are a few original ones by Prout and Ruskin, 
 and among the photographs are several from important 
 drawings by Viollet-le-Duc. 
 
 Appleton Chapel, the second building belonging 
 to the University designed solely for religious worship, 
 was the gift of Samuel Appleton of Boston, who left 
 
50 
 
 $200,000 to the College with the dh-ection that one- 
 fourth of it should be spent for a chapel. It was built 
 at a cost of nearly $68,000, and was completed in 
 1858. In the interior a good many changes have been 
 made : the pulpit, at first on the northern side, is now at 
 the eastern end ; the roof proved defective and had to be 
 altered ; the galleries are of recent date. The later im- 
 provements are due to the liberality of the children of 
 Nathan Appleton, of Boston. Here are held the daily 
 religious services of the University. 
 
 In 1886 compulsory attendance at the chapel was aban- 
 doned ; and the management of the religious services of 
 the University was entrusted to a Board of Preachers, 
 which was established by the following vote of the Presi- 
 dent and Fellows, May 10, 1886 : — 
 
 ' ' That five preachers to the University be annually 
 appointed by the President and Fellows, with the con- 
 currence of the Board of Overseers, who, in conjunc- 
 tion with the Plummer Professor of Christian Morals, 
 shall arrange and conduct the religious services of the 
 University." The Board of Overseers concurred in this 
 vote on May 12, 1886, and in 1892 it was incorporated 
 in the Statutes of the University. 
 
 On June 14, 1886, on the unanimous recommendation 
 of the Preachers and the Plummer Professor, the Presi- 
 dent and Fellows voted " That the statute numbered 15, 
 concerning religious exercises, be amended by striking 
 out the clause, " at which the attendance of the students 
 is required"; and on June 16 the Board of Overseers 
 concurred in this vote. Attendance at the religious 
 services of the University was thus, by the advice of 
 those who conduct the services, made wholly voluntary. 
 
51 
 
 The services in the University Chapel are directed by 
 the Board of Preachers as follows : Each conducts daily 
 morning prayers, which are held at a quarter before 
 nine o'clock, for about three weeks in each half-year, 
 and each preaches on four Sunday evenings. The preacher 
 conducting morning prayers is in attendance every morn- 
 ing during his term of duty at Wadsworth House 1, and 
 is at the immediate service of any student who may desire 
 to consult him. On Thursday afternoons from November 
 till May, vesper services are held in the University Chapel. 
 These services are brief, largely musical, with an address 
 from one of the Preachers. Services on Sunday evenings 
 are conducted by preachers of various communions by 
 invitation of the Board of Preachers. The music at all 
 services is by the College choir, a full male chorus of 25 
 sopranos and altos, and 16 tenors and basses. 
 
 There have served on the Board of Preachers since its 
 foundation in 1886 : — 
 
 Edward Everett Hale, D.D. 
 Alexander McKenzie, D.D. 
 Theodore C. Williams, D.B. 
 George A. Gordon, D.D. 
 Phillips Brooks, D.D. 
 William Lawrence, S.T.D. 
 Brooke Herford, D.D. 
 Henry Van Dyke, D.D. 
 Lyman Abbott, D.D. 
 Charles Carroll Everett, D.D. 
 Washington Gladden, D.D. 
 Leighton Parks, D.D. 
 J. Estlin Carpenter, A.M. 
 E. Winchester Donald, D.D. 
 
52 
 
 Samuel McChord Ckothers, A.B. 
 
 Simon J. McPherson, D.D. 
 
 John H. Vincent, D.D. 
 
 Samuel D. McConnell, D.D. 
 
 Philip S. Moxom, D.D. 
 
 George Harris, D.D. 
 
 George Hodges, D.D. 
 
 William DeWitt Hyde, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 William H. P. Faunce, A.M., D.D. 
 
 William Wallace Fenn, D.B. 
 
 The William Hayes Fogg Art Museum is 
 
 situated iu the College Yard, facing Broadway, nearly 
 opposite Memorial Hall. It is a fire-proof building of 
 Indiana stone, erected at a cost of $150,000, and com- 
 pleted in the year 1895. This Museum was founded by 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Fogg, of New York, in memory of her 
 husband, whose name it bears. Mrs. Fogg bequeathed to 
 the President and Fellows for this purpose the sum of 
 $220,000. Out of the balance of this sum, with its 
 accrued interest, after paying the cost of the building, 
 the expenses of the first equipment of the Museum were 
 met, and the remainder (about $50,000) is reserved as a 
 fund to defray a part of the cost of maintenance and 
 administration. 
 
 The building is of two stories, having a lecture-room, 
 with a seating capacity of about five hundred, attached. 
 The ground floor is divided into a large hall and five 
 smaller rooms. In the main exhibition hall are gatheied 
 casts of some of the finest examples of Greek and Greco- 
 Roman sculpture, illustrating the work of all periods of 
 Greek art. Among the important objects represented 
 are the colossal statue of Apollo from the Temple of 
 
APPLETON CHAPEL. 
 
 THE WILLIAM HAYES FOGG ART MUSEUM. 
 
54 
 
 Zeus at Olympia ; a large portion of the frieze and the 
 pediment sculptures of the Parthenon ; the Hermes of 
 Praxiteles ; the Venus of Melos ; various sculptures lately 
 found at Epidaurus ; a colossal relief from the Arch of 
 Trajan at Beneventum ; and others. In the middle west 
 room is a small number of casts from Egyptian and 
 Assyrian sculptures ; in the southwest room a classified 
 collection of electrotypes from Greek and Roman coins 
 and a few fine Greek vases ; in the east rooms are a 
 few casts from Mediaeval sculptures, and a considerable 
 number of casts from sculptures of the Italian Renais- 
 sance. Among these last are the beautiful recumbent 
 statue from the tomb of Ilaria del Carretto by Jacopo 
 della Quercia, the St. George of Donatello, the David 
 of Verrochio, and several of the finest works of Michael 
 Angelo — including two figures from the Medicean tombs, 
 the Pieta of Rome, and the Madonna of S. Lorenzo. 
 
 On the walls of the corridor of the upper floor a large 
 number of photographs from drawings by the Italian and 
 German masters of the Renaissance will be found, together 
 with a number of solar enlargements of photographs from 
 Egyptian, Greek, and Mediaeval architectural monu- 
 ments. The large upper gallery is at present used for 
 the exhibition, by relays, of photographs from works of 
 art of various schools and epochs. The west rooms on 
 this floor are devoted to the storage of photographs and 
 to the work of administration. 
 
 The collection of photographs now numbers upwards 
 of 25,000. It affords a wide range of illustrations of 
 the Fine Arts of all epochs, and all countries, including 
 ai-chitecture, sculpture, and painting. These photographs, 
 which are kept in dust-proof cases, are conveniently clas- 
 
00 
 
 sified and catalogued for use. They are always acces- 
 sible to members of the University, and other suitable 
 persons, on application to the Director's assistants. Large 
 tables are provided for convenient examination of the 
 photographs, and conveniences for tracing, copying, and 
 note-taking are afforded. 
 
 In the larger east room on this floor, and in a part of 
 the great gallery, are deposited the Gray and the Randall 
 collections of engravings, which together include about 
 30,000 prints. The Gray Collection was bequeathed to 
 Harvard College, with provision for its increase and main- 
 tenance, by Francis Calley Gray, of the Class of 1809. 
 It is rich in prints from the works of the great early 
 German and Italian wood and metal engravers * and 
 etchers ; and contains many specimens of later forms of 
 engraving, including numerous examples of more modern 
 work. This collection is exhibited by relays in glazed 
 dust-proof cases ; and access to the prints in the storage 
 cases may always be had, under suitable regulations, on 
 application to the Director or his assistants. 
 
 The Randall Collection was given to the College in 
 the year 1892 by Miss Belinda L. Randall in accordance 
 with the wishes of her brother, John Witt Randall, of 
 the Class of 1834, together with the sum of $30,000 to 
 establish a fund, the income of which is to be used, as far 
 as it may be needed, for the care and preservation of the 
 prints ; any surplus income may be used at the discre- 
 tion of the President and Fellows for the general purposes 
 of ' ' the department of Engravings and allied branches of 
 the Fine Arts." This large collection, gathered by Mr. 
 Randall to illustrate the history of the art of engrav- 
 ing, contains some very important prints. 
 
56 
 
 The Randall Collection is accessible under the same 
 regulations which apply to the Gray Collection. 
 
 Memorial Hall and Sanders Theatre. — In 
 
 voting to accept this building, the President and Fel- 
 lows took occasion to say of it that it was ' ' the most 
 valuable gift which the University has ever received, in 
 respect alike to cost, daily usefulness, and moral signifi- 
 cance." The daily usefulness of the building is chiefly 
 due to its western end, which is used as a dining hall for 
 students ; the eastern end is the principal place of assem- 
 bly on occasions of academic ceremonial ; the moral 
 significance of the whole is set forth especially in the 
 transept, which one enters first. 
 
 Sanders Theatre, as the eastern end is called, is named 
 for Charles Sanders, of the Class of 1802, whose gift 
 it was. The dining hall and the transept were built 
 by a committee of the alumni, with funds given by 
 numerous graduates and friends of the University, as 
 a memorial to the sons of Harvard who fought for the 
 preservation of the Union, and especially to those who 
 fell. 
 
 At a meeting of graduates in Boston, in May, 1865, a 
 committee of eleven was appointed to consider the subject 
 of a permanent memorial. They reported, at the next 
 Commencement in favor of a memorial hall. A commit- 
 tee of fifty was named, with full power to act. Charles 
 Greely Loring, of the Class of 1848, was made chairman, 
 and many distinguished gentlemen were among his asso- 
 ciates. The plan of a memorial hall, providing a meeting 
 place for the alumni, a dining hall for the students, and a 
 commemorative monument to the soldiers of Harvard, was 
 
58 
 
 adopted ; William Robert Ware, of the Class of 1852, and 
 Henry Van Brunt, of the Class of 1854, were appointed 
 architects ; and a building committee and a committee on 
 finance were appointed to carry out the work. The old 
 "Delta," a playground, was secured for a site. The 
 corner stone was laid October 6, 1870 ; the dining hall 
 and the memorial vestibule were finished in the summer 
 of 1874; Sanders Theatre was first- occupied Commence- 
 ment Day, 1876. The whole building was transferred to 
 the President and Fellows in July, 1878. The total cost 
 up to that time was $368,482. Many additions and 
 adornments have since been added by classes, individual 
 graduates, and friends. The extreme length of the build- 
 ing is 305 feet ; the width through the axis of the transept 
 is 113 feet; the tower is 190 feet high. The clock in the 
 tower is the gift of the Class of 1872, and was placed 
 there in 1897. On the exterior, at the east end, are 
 busts of seven orators — Demosthenes, Cicero, St. 
 Chrysostom, Bossuet, Pitt, Burke, and Webster, all 
 executed in sandstone by John Evans, of Boston; at 
 the west end, in the cloister porch, are a marble statue 
 of President Everett, a bronze bust of President Walker, 
 and a tablet erected to the memory of Edward Augustus 
 Wild, of the Class of 1844, Brigadier General, United 
 States Volunteers. The iron gates of the cloister were 
 the gift of a member of the Class of 1871. Inscription : 
 
 c • a • GOODNOW 
 A • B • 1871 • FORES • SUA • PEC ■ F 
 
59 
 
 The inscriptions on the outside of the building are as 
 follows : 
 
 The dedicatory inscription, beginning above the south 
 entrance to the transept and ending above the north 
 entrance, is 
 
 MEMORIAE • EORVM 
 
 QVI • HIS • IN • SEDIBVS • INSTITVTI 
 
 MORTEM • PRO • PATRIA • OPPETIVERVNT 
 
 VT • VIRTVTIS • EXEMPLA 
 
 SEMPER • APVD • VOS • VIGEANT 
 
 SODALES • AMICIQVE • POSVERVNT 
 
 Which may be translated : 
 
 In memory of 
 
 the men trained here 
 
 who 
 
 Gave their Lives for their Country 
 
 this Hall is built 
 
 by their Classmates and Friends 
 
 to the end that Ensamples of True Manhood 
 
 be ever in honor among you 
 
 The dates 1861 and 1865 are inscribed on the south 
 front, though they form no part of the dedicatory sentence. 
 
 Above the great west window are the words hvmanitas • 
 virtvs • pietas, and below it : aedificata • ann • dom • 
 
 MDCCCLXXI • ANN • COLL • HARV • CCXXXV 
 
 In the interior of the transept, above the wainscoting, 
 the two rising to a height of 24 feet, are marble tablets 
 inscribed with the names of those students and graduates 
 
60 
 
 who fell in the war for the Union. Of these, 97 had been 
 in Harvard College, 17 in the Medical School, 13 in the 
 Law School, 6 in the Scientific School, 2 in the Divinity 
 School, and 1 in the Astronomical Observatory. The 
 dates of their deaths and the places where they fell 
 are also given. Above the tablets are various inscrip- 
 tions, as follows : — 
 
 On the east wall, in the centre : 
 
 THIS HALL 
 
 COMMEMORATES THE PATRIOTISM 
 
 OF THE GRADUATES AND STUDENTS OF THIS UNIVERSITY 
 
 WHO SERVED IN THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 DURING THE WAR FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE UNION 
 
 AND UPON THESE TABLETS 
 
 ARE INSCRIBED THE NAMES OF THOSE AMONG THEM 
 
 WHO DIED IN THAT SERVICE 
 
 On the east wall near the south entrance, from Cicero, 
 Philippics, 14, 34 : 
 
 OPTIMA ■ EST • HAEC • CONSOLATIO 
 
 PARENTIBVS • QVOD • TANTA • REIPVBLICAE • PRAESIDIA • GENVERVNT 
 
 LIBERIS • QVOD • HABEBVNT • DOMESTICA ■ EXEMPLA • VIRTVTIS 
 
 CONIVGIBVS • QVOD • IIS • VIRIS • CAREBVNT 
 
 QVOS • LAVDARE • QVAM • LVGERE • PRAESTABIT 
 
 Translation : This is the best comfort unto their 
 parents, that they have begotten such strong defences 
 of the Eepublic, unto their children that they shall have 
 of their own kindred ensamples of true manhood, unto 
 
61 
 
 their wives that they shall be widows of husbands fitter 
 for words of eulogy than for weeds. 
 
 At the other end of the east wall, from the Vulgate 
 version of St. Luke, 17, 33 : 
 
 QVICVNQVE • QVAESIERIT • ANIMAM • SVAM 
 
 SALVAM • FACERE • PERDET • ILLAM 
 
 ET • QVICVNQVE • PERDIDERIT • ILLAM • VIVIFICABIT • EAM 
 
 ' ' Whosoever shall seek to save his life shall lose it ; 
 and whosoever shall lose his life shall preserve it." 
 
 Below this is the hexameter verse, adapted from Lucre- 
 tius, 3, 869 : 
 
 MORTALEM • VITAM • MORS • IMMORTALIS • ADEMIT 
 
 That is : 
 
 Immortal death hath reft their mortal life away. 
 
 On the west wall, proceeding from south to north : 
 
 Cicero's version of Simonides's epigram on the Spartans 
 who fell at Thermopylae (Tusc. Disp. 1, 101) : 
 
 DIC • HOSPES • SPARTAE • NOS ■ TE • HIC • VIDISSE • IACENTES 
 DVM • SANCTIS • PATRIAE • LEGIBVS • OBSEQVIMVR 
 
 Translation : 
 
 Tell Sparta, friend, you saw us lying here 
 Obedient to our country's holy laws. 
 
62 
 From Cicero, Philippics, 14, 31 : 
 
 O • FORTVNATA • MORS • QVAE ■ NATVRAE • DEBITA 
 PRO • PATRIA • JEST • POTISSIMVM • REDDITA 
 
 Translation : O happy death when the debt to Nature 
 is paid with free choice for one's native land ! 
 
 Adapted from the Wisdom of Solomon, 4. 13 : 
 
 CONSVMMATI • IN • BREVI • EXPLEVERVNT • TEMPORA • MVLTA 
 
 They, "being made perfect in a short time, fulfilled a 
 long time." 
 
 From Plautus, Amphitruo, 649 : 
 
 VIRTVS • OMNIBVS • REBVS • ANTEIT • PROFECTO 
 
 LIBERTAS • SALVS • VITA • RES • ET • PARENTES 
 
 ET • PATRIA • ET • PROGNATI • TVTANTVR • SERVANTVR 
 
 Translation : 
 
 In sooth, 'tis Courage that surpasseth all: 
 The watch and ward of freedom, safety, life, 
 Of fortune, parents, offspring, fatherland. 
 
 From Cicero, Philippics, 14, 30 : 
 
 GRATA • EORVM • VIRTVTEM • MEMORIA • PROSEQVI 
 QVI • PRO • PATRIA • VITAM • PROPVDERVNT 
 
 Translation : With grateful memory to honor them that 
 have yielded up life for native land. 
 
63 
 
 From Cicero, Philippics, 14, 32 : 
 
 BREVIS • A • NATVRA • NOBIS • VITA • DATA • EST 
 AT • MEMORIA ■ BENE • REDDITAE • VITAE • SEMPITERNA 
 
 Translation : A short life hath Nature given unto man ; 
 but the remembrance of a life nobly rendered up is for 
 ever and ever. 
 
 Last on the west wall : 
 
 BRVTORVM • AETERNITAS • SVBOLES 
 VIRORVM • FAMA • MERITA • ET • INSTITVTA 
 
 Adapted from the Wisdom of Solomon, 4, 1 : 
 
 IMMORTALIS • EST • ENIM • MEMORIA • ILLORVM 
 QVONIAM • ET • APVD • DEVM ■ NOTA • EST • ET ■ APVD ■ HOMINES 
 
 Translation : " The memorial" of these " is immortal : 
 because it is known with Grod, and with men." 
 
 Above the small doors in the west wall : 
 
 ABEVNT • STVDIA • IN • MORES 
 
 From the pseudo-Ovidian Epistle of Sappho to Phaon, 
 and meaning : Our studies breed our habits. 
 
 RECTI • CVLTVS • PECTORA • ROBORANT 
 
 From Horace, Odes, 4, 4, 34, meaning : Right train- 
 ing is the strength of character. 
 
 The great north window in the transept was given by 
 Martin Brimmer, of the Class of 1849, Fellow of Harvard 
 College 1877-96, in memory of the sons of Harvard who 
 fell in the Civil War. It was unveiled on Commencement 
 
64 
 
 Day, 1898. The artist, Sarah Wyman Whitman, writes of 
 it thus : ' ' The design of this window is to commemorate 
 the forces which inspired these heroes. Love of the Uni- 
 versity is symbolized, at one end of the five lower panels, 
 by the Scholar ; and, at the other end, love of Country, 
 by the Soldier. Above these are four cherubs, holding 
 tablets inscribed with the heroic virtues (Amor, Honor, 
 Virtus, Patientid) ; and higher still are augelie figures of 
 praise ; while the design culminates in a Rose, wherein 
 the ascription of Glory to God is typified in color, with a 
 choir of angels circling round the centre." 
 
 The inscriptions and subordinate scenes in the design 
 are as follows : 
 
 On the scrolls held by the angels on either side of the 
 Rose, from Psalms, 115, 1 : non • nobis • domine • non • 
 ts t obis • sed • tvo • nomini • gloria • sit. Translation : 
 •" Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name 
 give glory." 
 
 On the panel next the Scholar, a picture of Sir Philip 
 Sidney giving the cup of water to the soldier, with a tem- 
 porary inscription, to be replaced later : nihil • est • 
 
 PRAECLARIVS • QVAM • DE • RE • PVBLICA • BENE • MERERI, 
 
 from Cicero. Translation : There is nothing so honorable 
 as to deserve the gratitude of the Republic. 
 
 On the panel next the Soldier, a picture of St. Martin 
 giving his cloak to the beggar. The accompanying inscrip- 
 tion contains the saying of St. Martin when, at a crisis in 
 his life, he dedicated himself anew to the service of God. 
 The Latin words are a translation by Mr. Brimmer from 
 the passage in a French life of the Saint : si • tibi • opvs • 
 
 EST • MEO • LABORE • NON • RECVSO • LABOREM. Ill English : 
 
 " If my labor can serve thee, I will never withhold it." 
 
65 
 
 The inscription on the middle panel is : 
 
 SALVE • QVISQVIS • ADES 
 
 EORVM • ADSPICIS • NOMINA • HARVAEDIANORVM 
 
 QVI • FERVIDI • ADVLESCENTES • SEV • PLENIORE • VIRI • CONSILIO 
 
 VT ■ INTEGRA • MANERET • RES • PVBLICA 
 
 OPPETIVERVNT • MORTEM 
 
 QVAE • MORIENTES • CONSERVABANT • ILLI 
 
 EA • TV • COLITO • DVM • VIVIS 
 
 VT • HOMINES • APVD • NOS • MAGIS • SINT 
 
 LIBERI • BEATI • CONCORDES 
 
 Translation : Greeting, whoe'er thou art. Thou see'st 
 the names of the men of Harvard who in ardent youth or 
 manhood's riper resolution laid down their lives that the 
 Republic might live. Pattern thy life by the principles 
 they maintained in death, to make men freer, happier, 
 and more united. 
 
 At the bottom of the window : 
 
 MARTINVS • BRIMMER • ALVMNVS • SOCIVS • DONVM • DEDIT, 
 
 that is, "Martin Brimmer, Alumnus and Fellow, gave 
 this gift." The two dates, 1829 and 1896, are those of 
 the birth and death of Mr. Brimmer. 
 
 In the south window are the names of the Virtues. 
 
 From the gallery above the door leading to the dining 
 hall hang two flags, the gift of the nation to Dorothea 
 Dix — a gift which she herself chose — for her ser- 
 vices during the War. These flags she bequeathed to 
 the University. 
 
 From the transept two doorways lead to the floor of 
 Sanders Theatre, and two stairways to the balcony and the 
 gallery. The Theatre is polygonal ; the stage is at the 
 
66 
 
 west end ; and the seats rise towards the eastern walls. 
 The seating capacity is about 1300. Above the stage is 
 a canopy, serving as a sounding board, and a small 
 gallery for musicians. The inscription on the wall above 
 the gallery is as follows : 
 
 HIC • IN • SILVESTRIBVS 
 
 ET • INCVLTIS • LOOS 
 ANGLI • DOMO • PROFVGI 
 
 ANNO • POST • CHRISTVM • NATVM • CIO • 10 • C • XXXVI 
 
 POST • COLONIAM • HVC • DEDVCTAM • VI 
 
 SAPIENTIAM • RATI • ANTE • OMNIA • COLENDAM 
 
 SCHOLAM • PVBLICE • CONDIDERVNT 
 
 CONDITAM • CHRISTO • ET • ECCLESIAE • DICAVERVNT 
 
 QVAE • AVCTA • IOHANNIS • HARVARD • MVNIFICENTIA 
 
 A • LITTERARVM • FAVTORIBVS • CVM • NOSTRATIBCS • TUM • EXTERNIS 
 
 IDENTIDEM ■ ADIVTA 
 
 ALVMNORVM • DENIQVE • FIDEI • COMMISSA 
 
 AB • EXIGVIS • PERDVCTA • INITIIS • AD • MAIORA • RERVM • INCREMENTA 
 
 PRAESIDVM • SOCIORVM • INSPECTORVM • SENATVS • ACADEMICI 
 
 CONSILIIS • ET • PRVDENTIA • ET • CVRA 
 
 OPTVMAS • ARTES • VIRTVTES ■ PVBLICAS • PRIVATAS 
 
 COLVIT • COLIT 
 
 QVI-AVTEM-DOCTI-FVERINT.FVLGEBVNT-QVASI-SPLENDOR-FIRMAMENTI 
 
 ET • QVI • AD • IVSTITIAM • ERVDIVNT • MVLTOS 
 
 QVASI • STEIXAE • IN • PERPETVAS • AETERNITATES 
 
67 
 
 Translation : 
 
 Here in the woods and wilds 
 
 English Exiles 
 
 in the year of our Lord 1636, 
 
 the sixth after the settlement of the Colony, 
 
 holding that wisdom was to be cherished above all else, 
 
 founded a College at the public cost 
 
 and dedicated it to Christ and his Church. 
 
 Upraised by the generosity of John Harvard, 
 
 aided also by patrons of learning both here and abroad, 
 
 entrusted finally to the charge of its alumni, 
 
 from small beginnings guided to a growth of greater powers 
 
 by the judgment, foresight and care, 
 
 of its Presidents, Fellows, Overseers, and Faculties, 
 
 it has ever cherished the best arts & virtues, public & private , 
 
 and cherishes them now. 
 
 The rest of the inscription is from the book of Daniel, 
 12, 3 : "And they that be wise shall shine as the bright- 
 ness of the firmament ; and they that turn many to 
 righteousness as the stars for ever and ever." 
 
68 
 
 In the panel at the north side of the gallery is the 
 donor's inscription : 
 
 CAROLVS • SANDERS 
 
 A • B • ANNI • CIO • 10 • CCC • II 
 
 THEATRVM 
 
 ALVMNIS • ACADEMICIS 
 
 SVA • PEC • F 
 
 Translation: Charles Sanders, A.B. 1802, built this 
 theatre for the Alumni at his own cost. 
 
 In the south panel is the date : 
 
 AEDIFICATVM • ANNO • POST • CHR • NAT 
 
 CIO • 10 • CCC • XXXVI 
 POST • POP • AMER • LIBERATVM 
 
 C 
 
 Translation: Built a.d. 1876, in the one hundredth 
 year of American Independence. 
 
 Story's marble statue of President Quincy, at the side 
 of the stage, is the only piece of statuary in the Theatre. 
 On the basement floor there are large dressing rooms. 
 
 The dining hall, which occupies the long western por- 
 tion of the building, is entered from the centre of the 
 transept. Another door, at the north end of the trans- 
 ept, leads into the Auditor's office ; thence a stairway 
 leads to a gallery overlooking the dining hall. From 
 this gallery one can pass into rooms set apart for the 
 various administrative offices, into a gallery overlooking 
 the transept, and by a stairway into the tower. 
 
 The dining hall is 149 feet long, 60 feet wide, and, to 
 the ridge, QQ feet high. More than 1100 students, mem- 
 
69 
 
 bers of the Dining Association, regularly take their meals 
 here. A board of directors, chosen by the members, 
 administer, under certain regulations of the President 
 and Fellows, the affairs of the Association. 
 
 Inside the hall are busts and portraits of alumni and 
 benefactors, each marked with the name of the subject 
 and the artist. The great western window shows the 
 armorial bearings of the nation, the state, and the Uni- 
 versity. The stained glass windows on the north and 
 the south are all memorial windows, given chiefly by 
 various classes. Beginning on the left as one enters, 
 the figures in the windows and the inscriptions are as, 
 follows : 
 
 1. This window is yet unfilled. 
 
 2. Window of the Class of 1859 ; by John La Farge. 
 Subject : Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, showing her 
 sons to her sister who is playing with her jewelry. In- 
 scription : CORXELIA ■ MATER • GRACCHORVM. Then follow 
 
 Cornelia's famous words : haec • ornamenta • mea • svnt 
 — " These are my jewels." 
 
 3. Davis Memorial Window ; by Henry Holliday ; given 
 by the Davis family. Figures : Columbus and Blake. In- 
 scriptions : At the top, Port Royal — Memphis — Fort 
 Pillow. In the left hand window, Columbus, Born 1442, 
 Died 1506. In the right hand window, Blake, Born 1599, 
 Died 1657. The memorial inscription proper, occupying 
 the lower part of both windows, is as follows : 
 
 MEMORIAE ■ CAROLI • HENRICI • DAVIS • PRAEF • NAV • VIRI 
 BELLI • ET • PACIS • ARTIBVS • PRAESTANTIS • NATVS • EST 
 A • D • XVII • K • FEB • A • CIO • 10 • CCC • VII • MORTVVS 
 A • D • XII • K • MART • A • CIO • 10 • CCC • O.XXVII • ALVMXVS 
 
70 
 
 A • CIO • 10 • CCC • XXV • LL • D • CIO • 10 • CCC • d,XVIII • PER 
 vl/V • ANNOS • SINGVLAREM • FIDEM • PRVDENTIAM • VIRTVTEM 
 AD • REIPVBLICAE • VTILITATEM • ET • SALVTEM • CONTVLIT 
 HVIC • OB • REM • BENE • NAVIBVS • GrESTAM • GRATISSIMVS 
 VERBIS • GRATIAS • EGIT • SENATVS • POPVLVSQVE • AMERICANVS 
 
 Translation : To the memory of Charles Henry Davis, 
 Rear Admiral in the Navy, eminent in the arts of war and 
 of peace. He was born January 16, 1807 ; died Febru- 
 ary 18, 1877 ; A.B. 1825 ; LL.D. 1868. During 55 years 
 he served and safeguarded the Republic with singular 
 loyalty, foresight, and valor. He received the grateful 
 thanks of Congress and the American people for his dis- 
 tinguished service in our fleets. 
 
 4. Window of the Class of 1844 ; by Henry Holliday. 
 Figures : Dante and Chaucer. Inscriptions : Dante, Born 
 1265, Died 1321. Chaucer, Born 1328, Died 1400. 
 Below : memoriae • eorvm • qvi • his • ex • sedibvs • a • 
 
 CIO • 10 • CCC • XvLIIII • EGRESSI • DE • COLLEGIO • CONDIS- 
 CIPVLISQVE • BENE • SVNT • MERITI • SODALES • POSVERVNT 
 
 Translation : Erected by their classmates to the mem- 
 ory of the members of the Class of 1844 who have earned 
 the gratitude of the College and of their fellow students. 
 
 5. Window of the Class of 1857; by Cottier & Co., 
 London. Subjects : Sir Philip Sidney, and, below, the 
 battle field of Zutphen; Epaminondas, and, below, a 
 mother giving her son a shield. Inscription : In Memory 
 of those Classmates who fell in the War. Erected 
 a.d. 1879. 
 
 6. Window of the Class of 1860 ; by John La Farge. 
 Subject : A battle Scene. Inscription : in memoriam 
 mdccclx. 
 
71 
 
 7. Window of the Class of 1877 ; by W. J. McPherson. 
 Figures : Charlemagne and Sir Thomas More. 
 
 8. AVindow of the Class of 1854 ; by Frederic Crownin- 
 shield. Figures : Sophocles and Shakspere. Inscription 
 under the figure of Shakspere : " Had I a dozen sons, I 
 had rather I had eleven die nobly for their country than 
 one voluptuously surfeit out of action." Below both 
 figures : In memory of our classmates who fell in defence 
 of the Union. 
 
 9. This window is yet unfilled. 
 
 Crossing to the north side of the hall and beginning at 
 the west end : 
 
 1. Window of the Class of 1875: by C. E. Mills. 
 Figures : La Salle and Marquette. 
 
 2. This window is yet unfilled. 
 
 3. Window of the Class of 1861 ; by F. D. Millet. 
 Figures : The Student and the Crusader. Below the 
 Student, a college lecture room ; below the Crusader, 
 a battle field. Inscription : a • litteris • laeti • pro • 
 patria • ad • arma. Translation : With light hearts from 
 letters to arms for our country. 
 
 4. Window of the Class of 1858; by Cottier & Co. 
 Figures : John Hampden and Leonidas. Inscriptions : 
 under Hampden : Died for the cause of civilization and 
 law, and the self -restrained freedom which is their result. 
 [From a letter of James Jackson Lowell, of this Class, 
 written from the field to some of his classmates. He 
 was mortally wounded in the battle of Grlendale, June 30, 
 1862.] Under Leonidas: As for the chances of life or 
 death neither is welcome without honour or duty, either 
 is welcome in the path of honour and duty. [From a 
 
72 
 
 letter of Henry Lyman Patten, of this Class, to his 
 mother. Five times wounded in battle, he died from 
 the effects of his last wound, September 10, 1864.] 
 Below: Erected Anno Domini 1882. 
 
 5. Window of the Class of 1863 ; by Frederic Crownin- 
 shield. Figures: Andromache and Hector. 
 
 6. Window of the Class of 1880 ; by John La Farge. 
 Figures : Vergil and Homer. 
 
 7. Window of the Class of 1879 ; by Frederic Crownin- 
 shielcl. Figures : Pericles and Lionardo da Vinci. In- 
 scriptions : under Pericles, from his speech in Thucy elides, 
 
 2, 63 : T^S T£ 7T0AewS V/ACLS EtKOS T(S Tl/JLUi/AeVU) OLTTO TOV 
 
 apxeiv, wirtp a7ravres ayaAAeo-#e, [SorjO&v. Translation : 
 You are bound to support our country in her imperial 
 dignity in which you all take pride. Under Lionardo, 
 from his Trattato, book 2 : II tesoro per se non lauda il 
 suo cumulatore dopo la sua vita come fala scienza, la 
 quale sempre e testimonia e tromba del suo creatore. 
 Translation (from a Class Report): "Riches in them- 
 selves bring no glory to their possessor at his death, as 
 knowledge does, which is an everlasting witness and 
 herald to its creator." 
 
 8. Window of the Class of 1878; by F. D. Millet. 
 Figures : Warren, and below, a medical lecture room ; 
 Eliot, and below, Eliot preaching to the Indians. 
 
 9. Window of the Class of 1874 ; by Edward Emerson 
 Simmons of the Class of 1874. Figures : Themistocles 
 and Aristides, typifying the reconciliation of the North 
 with the South. Inscription, from Herodotus, 8, 79 : ws 
 8e i^rjXOe ot ©e/ucrTOKAe'^s, eAeye 'ApicrretS^s raSe • ijjatas 
 (jracria^eiv XP* 0V *°" Tt e ' L * v Tet ^ a-Wio Kaipco Kai 8rj kcli iv 
 rw8e irepl tov 6/cdrepo; -^jxmv ir\i<ti ayaOa. ttjv TrarpiSa 
 
73 
 
 ipydo-cTcu. Translation : And when Themistocles came 
 out to him, Aristides said : At all times and chiefly now 
 this should be our rivalry — which of us shall do most 
 good to our country. 
 
 The Statue of John Harvard, in the Delta, west of 
 Memorial Hall, was designed by Mr. Daniel C. French. 
 It was the gift of Samuel James Bridge, and was erected 
 in 1884. 
 
 The Lawrence Scientific School Building. — 
 
 In 1847, Abbott Lawrence of Boston gave to the College, 
 for the promotion of ' ' education bearing upon the great 
 industries of the country," the sum of $50,000. With 
 half of this money the laboratory and the dwelling-house 
 connected therewith were built in 1848-49, with the in- 
 tention of later adding to them. It was found, however, 
 that a fund would be needed for the Professorship of 
 Engineering, and the other half was accordingly set 
 aside for this purpose. 
 
 The School founded in this way by Abbott Lawrence 
 was for 40 years a separate establishment in the Univer- 
 sity, governed by a distinct Faculty ; but in 1888 it was, 
 along with the College and the Graduate School, placed 
 under the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The instruction 
 given in the Scientific School has for its main purpose a 
 professional training in the several branches of applied or 
 industrial science, leading to the degrees of Bachelor 
 and Master of Science. This instruction is, as regards 
 courses, intimately blended with that provided for stu- 
 dents seeking the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Master 
 of Arts, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, or 
 Doctor of Science. The difference between the training 
 
74 
 
 of the College and that of the Scientific School is that 
 in the latter each student's course of study is, within cer- 
 tain limits, prescribed. The School has now no separate 
 domicile. Its work is done in the various buildings at the 
 service of the Faculty which cares for it. In this com- 
 mingling of the interests of its students with those of the 
 students in the College, the School differs from like schools 
 affiliated with other universities. 
 
 The Engineering Library. — This library, located on 
 the second floor of the building, contains more than 5000 
 volumes on engineering subjects ; the reading room con- 
 nected with it is supplied with all of the important foreign 
 and American engineering periodicals. 
 
 An Instrument Room on the first floor contains survey- 
 ing instruments, including a number of transits, levels, 
 solar compasses, surveyor's compasses, plane tables and 
 alidades, and levels, rods, tapes, and chains. 
 
 The Electrical Engineering Laboratory. — Previous to 
 1891, all of the instruction in experimental electricity was 
 given in the Jefferson Physical Laboratory ; but in the 
 Fall of that year the small, two-story annex in the rear of 
 the Lawrence Scientific School Building was erected and 
 equipped, the upper floor as a shop for the repair and 
 construction of apparatus, and the ground floor as a 
 dynamo laboratory. Since then the equipment has grown 
 steadily, and several rooms in the basement of the main 
 building are now utilized. 
 
 The Dynamo Laboratory contains besides the 15 kilo- 
 watt, 500 volt motor, which supplies power to the shop 
 and laboratory, a considerable variety of direct and alter- 
 nating current generators and motors, with an average 
 capacity of 5 or 6 kilowatts, all belted to the line shaft 
 
75 
 
 by means of friction clutches ; lamp banks and rheostats 
 of various kinds for the absorption of power, aggregating 
 a capacity of about 30 kilowatts ; two sets of apparatus 
 for the rapid delineation of alternatiag current and electro- 
 motive force curves ; transformers, condensers, inductive 
 and non-inductive resistances, and other apparatus for 
 alternating current experiments. 
 
 Five of the above mentioned dynamos and motors, three 
 of the transformers, and some of the auxiliary apparatus 
 were designed by students and constructed in the shop. 
 A three-phase motor so designed is supplied with several 
 armatures (or secondaries), arranged to show the effect 
 of varying the secondary resistance and inductance and 
 the nature of the secondary winding. Oue of trans- 
 formers, designed for insulation tests, has a secondary 
 electromotive force of 40,000 volts, and a capacity of 
 15 kilowatts. 
 
 The thirty-inch lathe in the shop, operated by means of 
 a motor in the headstock, is a successful example of the 
 direct application of electric motors to the operation of 
 slow speed machinery, and exhibits one or two novel 
 features. It was designed by students. 
 
 Two circuits, a 500 volt direct current power circuit 
 and a 1000 volt alternating lighting circuit, from the 
 Cambridge Electric Light Company, are available for 
 power, lighting, and experimental work. 
 
 Tlie Instrument Room contains a large variety of port- 
 able measuring instruments such as ammeters, voltmeters, 
 and wattmeters ; one pair of Weston laboratory standard 
 instruments, used as secondary standards for the rapid 
 calibration of ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters ; 
 electro-dynamometers ; Kelvin composite balance and 
 
76 
 
 electrostatic voltmeters ; and apparatus for resistance 
 measurements. 
 
 The Storage Battery Room contains oue battery of 
 thirteen 2 50- ampere-hour cells, one battery of 104 30- 
 ampere-hour cells, besides a considerable number of port- 
 able cells of various sizes. The 30-ampere-hour cells are 
 connected to a 105-point switch, so arranged that any 
 number of the 104 cells may be connected by means of 
 a pair of push buttons in the instrument room to the volt- 
 meter calibrating circuit which leads into the latter place. 
 
 The Arc Lamp Room contains a variety of open and 
 closed arc lamps for direct and alternating currents. 
 
 The Photometer Room contains a five-meter photometer 
 of the Reichsanstalt pattern, with Lummer-Brodhun screen 
 and accessories for the photometry of arc and incan- 
 descent lamps. 
 
 This room also contains a ballistic set for the measure- 
 ment of the magnetic properties of iron and the magnetic 
 leakage of dynamos, and a complete set of cable testing 
 apparatus. 
 
 Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. — 
 Two rooms in the east wing of the Lawrence Scientiffc 
 School are devoted to instruction in physiology and 
 hygiene. 
 
 The laboratory on the first floor is devoted to instruction 
 in human physiology and lrygiene and to the investigation 
 of problems in hygiene and the physiology of exercise. 
 It is fitted with tables, which can be used for chemical 
 work and for experiments with physiological apparatus. 
 One end of the room is fitted up as a work-shop, with 
 screw-cutting lathe, and the necessary metal and wood- 
 working tools for the construction of apparatus. Most 
 
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 THE LAWRENCE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
 THE ROGERS BUILDING. 
 
of the apparatus of the laboratory for use in demonstra- 
 tion, class instruction, and investigation is devised and 
 made to adapt it to the needs of the work. The labor- 
 atory contains a collection of physiological apparatus 
 and appliances for hygenic investigation, and apparatus 
 and reagents for physiological and hygenic chemistry ; 
 there is, also, a collection of about a thousand photo- 
 graphs and lantern slides, together with charts, maps, 
 and specimens. 
 
 The laboratory on the second floor contains a working 
 library and a card catalogue, a hood for chemical work, 
 chemical apparatus, and reagents for special work in 
 hygiene and physiological chemistry, analytical balances, 
 histological apparatus, reagents and preparations, incu- 
 bator, sterilizer, and other apparatus for bacteriological 
 work. Here, too, is new apparatus for the study of the 
 physiology of exercise, and apparatus for the use of stu- 
 dents in courses in physiology. 
 
 The Rogers Building, known as the Old Gynasium, 
 was built in 1860 at a cost of $9,500, $8,000 of which 
 was given anonymously by a graduate of the University. 
 After the death of the donor his name was made known : 
 he was Henry Bromfield Rogers, of the Class of 1822. 
 At first used as a gymnasium, the building was, after the 
 erection of the Hemenway Gymnasium, used as a store- 
 house ; but in 1894 it was remodelled, and has since been 
 occupied by the Scientific School. 
 
 Engineering Laboratory. — This laboratory is occupied 
 entirely with machinery, — apparatus and instruments for- 
 giving instruction in the measurement of those quantities 
 with which the engineer has to deal in the investigation 
 
79 
 
 of the properties of materials and the efficiencies of ma- 
 chines and prime movers. 
 
 The Steam Engineering plant includes a Manning 
 boiler with feed water heater, several small steam en- 
 gines, a Wheeler condenser, a steam-driven Sturtevant 
 blower, available for forced draught, a Westinghouse air 
 compressor, and the necessary complement of instruments,, 
 such as pressure gauges, indicators, brakes, steam calori- 
 meters, fuel calorimeters, and apparatus for the analysis 
 of coal and of flue gases, the last including an " econo- 
 meter" which gives a continuous indication of the com- 
 position of "the gases. An air thermometer, a gauge tester „ 
 and an indicator calibrating apparatus are available for 
 purposes of standardisation. The heat engine equipment 
 includes two gas engines, (one of which is convertible 
 into a gasoline engine), air and gas meters, gas calori- 
 meter, special indicators, Hempel gas analysis apparatus, 
 and other instruments. 
 
 For Testing Materials the laboratory contains a 200,000 
 pound Olsen autographic machine capable of testing a 
 4 foot tension or compression piece, and a 20 foot beam ; 
 a 60,000 pound Tieble machine ; Keep's cast iron testing 
 machines ; a cement testing machine with its accessories ; 
 and a number of extensometers, micrometers, and the like. 
 
 The Testing of Road Materials is carried on in a 
 small room adjoining the main laboratory and equipped 
 with a Duval abrasion test machine, and a special impact 
 machine. 
 
 The Hydraulic Plant includes a duplex Blake pump of 
 capacity of 1000 gallons per minute, supplying water to 
 a closed steel tank or stand-pipe 5 feet in diameter and 
 25 feet high. Any head up to about 300 feet is obtained 
 
80 
 
 in the stand-pipe by compressing air above the water, is 
 kept constant by means of a variable overflow, and is 
 measured by a mercury column. The discharge from the 
 stand-pipe takes place through an opening to which an 
 orifice, nozzle, or Pelton wheel or other turbine can be 
 connected. Thence the water falls into a large weir tank 
 with adjustable weir, over which it goes to two cast iron 
 weighing tanks, each of about 6000 pounds capacity, and 
 is then discharged into the cistern, which is also the sup- 
 ply well for the pump. 
 
 The laborator} 7 contains, further, a machine for investi- 
 gating the transmission of power by ropes or belts, 
 Thurston's lubricant tester, Emerson's power scales, and 
 other apparatus. 
 
 The Architectural Building, on the south side 
 of Jarvis Street, on Holmes Field, contains two drawing 
 rooms, a small lecture room, and a small library. The 
 library has 3360 photographs, selected to illustrate the 
 architectural history of the important European countries, 
 and 180 volumes, largely folios. The plates of many of 
 the volumes have been taken out of their bindings and 
 mounted on cards so that they may more easily be con- 
 sulted and so that different plates from the same volume 
 may be used simultaneously. They are kept in cases 
 like the photographs. On the walls of the drawing 
 rooms are hung 72 casts, illustrating the classic orders 
 and some of the best detail of Greek, Roman,. Gothic, 
 and Renaissance work. Of these the more important 
 are architectural details from the Parthenon, the Erech- 
 theion and the Monument of Lysicrates at Athens ; the 
 order of the Temple of Vesta at Tivoli, table stand 
 
THE CAREY BUILDING. 
 
 WALTER HASTINGS HAL! 
 
82 
 
 from the house of Cornelias Rufus, Pompeii; friezes 
 from the Lateral! Museum ; capitals from the church 
 of St. Laumer at Blois and from the triforium of the 
 cathedral of Laon, and several pilasters and friezes of 
 the early Italian Renaissance. 
 
 The trustees of the Rotch Travelling Scholarship have 
 lent to the department a number of the envois of scholars, 
 carefully and beautifully rendered measured drawings 
 of important European buildings. The Ph-echtheion at 
 Athens, the Theatre of Mnrcellus and the Temple of Con- 
 cord at Rome, the Baptistery at Ravenna, the Ducal 
 Palace at Venice, the Pazzi Chapel at Florence, the 
 Ospedale del Ceppo at Pistoja, the Municipio at Brescia, 
 the gardens of the villa Lante at Bagnaia, the villa of 
 Pope Julius at Rome, the chateaux of Blois and Chenon- 
 ceaux are among the buildings illustrated in this way. 
 Examples of the work of advanced students at the Ecole 
 des Beaux- Arts at Paris and of students in the department 
 are also hung upon the walls. 
 
 The Carey Building, built in 1890-91 at a cost of 
 $38,000, was the gift of Henry Reginald Astor Carey. 
 When, in 1898, athletic sports were transferred to the 
 Soldiers' Field, this building was devoted to other uses 
 of the University ; and the President and Fellows placed 
 in the Athletic Building on the Soldiers' Field a tablet 
 commemorating the gift of Mr. Carey. 
 
 Walter Hastings Hall, the gift of Mr. Walter 
 Hastings, of Boston, whose ancestors in direct line for 
 three generations were alumni of the University, was 
 built in 1888-90 at a cost of about $250,000. It con- 
 tains 61 suites of rooms. 
 
83 
 
 The Jefferson Physical Laboratory. — In 1881, 
 Thomas Jefferson Goolidge, of Boston, of the Class of 
 1850, gave $115,000 to the College for a new physical 
 laboratory, on condition that 875,000 should be raised 
 by subscription and the income appropriated to its sup- 
 port. The building Avas finished in October, 1884, and 
 was named the Jefferson Physical Laboratory. All the 
 instruction in physics, by recitations, lectures, and ex- 
 perimental work, to students of Harvard College, of the 
 Lawrence Scientific School, and of the Graduate School, 
 is given in this building, which accommodates the various 
 physical cabinets. The building is 200 feet long and, 
 including the basement, four stories high. In the eastern 
 wing the whole height is divided between a large lecture- 
 room below, capable of holding 400 students, and the 
 great laboratory above. In the central and western 
 portions of the building are three recitation rooms for 
 sections of forty or less ; but the principal part of the 
 central and western portions is broken up into a large 
 number of small rooms, where professors, assistants, 
 and advanced students can pursue their separate investi- 
 gations, and be secured against intrusion, or any disturb- 
 ance of their instruments. Each room may be reached 
 from a central corridor or hall. Provision is also made 
 for connecting rooms or separating them. In the base- 
 ment and the first story, stone tables, each supported by 
 a pier which is separated by air spaces from the floors, 
 furnish stable foundation for delicate instruments. In- 
 struments, moreover, can be placed on the walls of a 
 large rectangular tower standing on an independent 
 foundation. This tower rises inside the building and is 
 separated from the main Avails of it by a large air space. 
 
84 
 
 It does not extend to the roof, and is therefore free 
 from disturbances produced by the movements inside 
 the building and from possible vibrations resulting from 
 gusts of wind. 
 
 This tower constitutes a pier of large section nearly 60 
 feet in height, and more or less stable positions for instru- 
 ments can therefore be obtained on each story. It is de- 
 signed for investigations which demand a great height, 
 the different floors opening to each other by trap doors. 
 Small openings have been left in the brick partitions 
 which divide the length of the building ; by means of 
 these a long path is available for experiments in which 
 this arrangement may be necessary. In the western wing, 
 iron nails and pipes, which would disturb delicate experi- 
 ments in magnetism, were excluded in the construction of 
 the building. All steam pipes here are made of brass, 
 and copper nails are used in the flooring. In the bottom 
 of the tower is a small underground room which may be 
 used for exerpiments requiring a constant temperature. 
 
 A room is devoted to apparatus designed for the more 
 accurate standard measurements. 
 
 A comparator for the measurement and comparison of 
 standards of length occupies a room in the basement of 
 the building. 
 
 The photographic room is on the fourth floor ; adjoin- 
 ing this is a large room especially arranged for spectrum 
 analysis. There are four principal laboratories. One of 
 these, 60 feet square, is devoted to elementary laboratory 
 instruction. The laboratories for instruction in static 
 and steady current electricity and in optics are on the 
 second and third floors. The laboratory for work in 
 magnetism and alternating currents is in the basement. 
 
THE JEFFERSOX PHYSICAL LABORATORY. 
 
 THE HEMEXWAY GYMNASIUM. 
 
86 
 
 A machine room is supplied with power from the city cir- 
 cuit. In this room are a milling machine, a large machine 
 lathe, a smaller lathe, and other mechanical appliances 
 for the construction of apparatus. The machine room is 
 under the charge of a skilled mechanician . Power can 
 also be obtained from a twenty-five-horse-power engine 
 which is placed in a house outside of the Laboratory. 
 
 Much space is devoted to a physical cabinet. Here 
 can be seen a Motional electric machine, ordered for the 
 College by Benjamin Franklin, a large reflecting telescope, 
 an astronomical quadrant and other apparatus used by 
 John Winthrop, second Mollis Professor from 1738 to 
 1779. The cabinet contains also other pieces of apparatus 
 which possess an historical interest. 
 
 The most prominent feature, however, of the Jefferson 
 Physical Laboratory is not its collection of apparatus, 
 but its arrangement of space for scientific investiga- 
 tion, and its plant for the construction of new appara- 
 tus to meet the demands of the future. 
 
 The Hemenway Gymnasium, built and equipped 
 in 1878, was the gift of Augustus Hemenway, of Boston, 
 of the Class of 1875. When, on account of the increased 
 number of students in the University, the Gymnasium 
 failed to meet completely the needs of tbe students, 
 Mr. Hemenwajr, in 1895, made an extensive addition 
 to the building, affording an increased floor area of 
 15,000 square feet. The main hall on the first floor is 
 equipped with light and heavy gymnastic apparatus and 
 modern developing appliances. A gallery surrounding 
 the hall is fitted as a running track. On the second floor 
 is the trophy room, containing souvenirs of athletic con- 
 
87 
 
 tests, a rowing room, the Director's office, and rooms for 
 measuring, photographing, etc. The staircase hall is 
 hung with portraits of athletes. In the basement are 
 bowling alleys, hand-ball courts, and rooms for fencing, 
 sparring, wrestling, and other exercises. In the east end 
 of the building are the locker,' the bathing, and the dress- 
 ing rooms, accommodating 2500 students. In the rear is 
 au area covered with asphalt. This is enclosed by a high 
 fence, and affords facilities for practising hand-ball, and 
 other gymnastic games and exercises. 
 
 Conant Hall, the gift of Edwin Conant, of Worcester, 
 of the Class of 1829, was built in 1893-95 at a cost of 
 about $109,000. It contains 45 suites of rooms, and 
 three single rooms. 
 
 Mr. Conant was a benefactor of other departments of 
 the University, giving $5,000 to the Divinity School and 
 $27,500 to the College Library. 
 
 Perkins Hall, the gift of Mrs. Catharine P. Perkins, 
 of Boston, was built in 1893-95 at a cost of about 
 $160,000. It contains 88 suites of rooms. 
 
 It was erected in memory of three members of her 
 husband's family, the Reverend Daniel Perkins, Richard 
 Perkins, and William Foster Perkins, all alumni of the 
 University. 
 
 The University Museum. — Louis Agassiz, when 
 he was first appointed to a professorship in the Univer- 
 sity, started a collection of zoological specimens, and 
 made clear the need of a building for housing this collec- 
 tion. In 1858 Francis Galley Gray, of Boston, of the 
 
COXAXT HALL. 
 
 PERKINS HALL. 
 
89 
 
 Class of 1809, left $50,000 for a Museum of Zoology, 
 giving his nephew, William Gray, the option of be- 
 stowing the fund upon Harvard University. He gave it 
 to the University, and it was supplemented by §100, 000 
 voted by the Legislature, and by $71,000 subscribed by 
 private citizens of Boston. Mr. Henry Greenough, of 
 Cambridge, and Mr. George Snell, of Boston, volunteered 
 to make a plan for the museum building, and produced 
 a design large enough to meet all demands for space for 
 a long time. There was to be a main building with two 
 wings. At first only about two-fifths of one of the wings 
 was erected ; this was completed in 1860. Professor 
 Agassiz himself dug the first spadeful of earth. In 1868 
 the Legislature voted $25,000 a year for three years, on 
 condition that as much more should be raised from pri- 
 vate sources. This was done, and in 1871-72 the capa- 
 city of the building was more than doubled. In 1877 
 the wing was completed; and in 1880-82 the northwest 
 corner of the main building, which now contains the 
 library and the laboratories, was erected by Alexander 
 Agassiz, of the Class of 1855, in memory of his father. 
 A slate tablet in the hall bears this inscription : — 
 
 . LVD o VICT • 
 
 AGASSIZ • 
 PATRI • FILIUS • 
 
 ALEXANDER • 
 3ID • CCC ■ LXXX • 
 
 In 1888-89 the middle portion of the main building, de- 
 voted to the Departments of Botany and Mineralogy, 
 was added, so that now only the southwestern corner and 
 the western portion of the wing of which the Peabody 
 
90 
 
 Museum is a part are needed to complete the structure 
 originally planned by Messrs. Greenough and Snell. 
 
 The Museum is largely dependent for support on the 
 Memorial Fund, part of which was raised by school chil- 
 dren throughout the country, whose interest in natural 
 history had been awakened by the labors of Agassiz. 
 
 The University Museum comprehends the Museum of 
 Comparative Zoology, the Botanical Museum, the Miner- 
 alogical Museum, the Natural History Laboratories, and 
 the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and 
 Ethnology. The Semitic Museum is for the present 
 placed in the building of the Peabody Museum. 
 
 The entrance to the Museum of Comparative Zoology 
 and the Peabody Museum is from Divinity Avenue. The 
 Natural History Laboratories and the Botanical and Min- 
 eralogical Museums are entered from Oxford Street. 
 
 The Museum of Comparative Zoology consists of the 
 north wing of the University quadrangle (60x200 feet). 
 The Natural History Laboratories are in the northwest 
 corner piece of the same quadrangle (95x75), and in 
 the adjoining sections of the central part of the Oxford 
 Street side of the University Museum. 
 
 The Botanical Museum occupies the central section of 
 the University Museum, together with one-third of the 
 southern sections. 
 
 The Mineralogical Museum occupies a part of the 
 southern section of the Oxford Street side of the building. 
 
 The library of the Museum, which contains more than 
 32,000 volumes, is on the second floor. It is intended 
 for the use of instructors and students in the Department 
 of Natural History. The reading room is open from 
 9 a.m. till 1 p.m. and from 2 p.m. till 5 p.m. 
 
92 
 
 The southwest corner piece will contain large lecture 
 rooms and laboratories for the Department of Natural 
 History, and its exhibition rooms will connect the Oxford 
 Street side of the Museum with the Peabody Museum, 
 which, when completed, will form the south wing of the 
 University Museum building. 
 
 The location of the various collections of the Museum, 
 of the laboratories, a brief description of which is ap- 
 pended, and of the rooms of officers and instructors is 
 indicated on the diagrams of the various floors which will 
 be found in the succeeding pages. Heavy-faced t}^pe 
 indicates that the room or the collection is open to the 
 inspection of the public. The numbers on the diagrams 
 are arbitrary and do not correspond with the numbers 
 on the various rooms. Reference to the diagrams will, 
 however, show the relative positions of the rooms. 
 
 In general the Museums are open as follows : — 
 
 The Museum of Comparative Zoology and the Botanical 
 Museum are open every week-day from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m., 
 and on Sunday from 1 p.m till 5 p.m. 
 
 The exhibition room of the Mineralogical Museum is 
 open Wednesda3 T and Sunday from 1 p.m. till 5 p.m., and 
 Saturday from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m. 
 
 The Peabody Museum is open from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m. 
 throughout the year, Sundays and holidays excepted. 
 
93 
 
 1. Alcoholic Mammals, Birds, and 
 
 Mollusca. — Storage. 
 
 2. Alcoholic Crustacea. — Storage. 
 
 3. Alcoholic Fishes. — Storage. 
 
 4. Alcoholic Radiates. — Storage. 
 4a— k;. Alcoholic Worms. — Stor- 
 age. 
 
 5. Alcoholic Fishes. — Storage. 
 
 6. Alcohol room. 
 
 7. Storage. 
 
 la. Glassware. — Storage. 
 
 8. Alcoholic Fishes. — Storage. 
 
 9. Alcoholic Reptiles and Am- 
 
 phibia. — Storage. 
 
 10. Storage. 
 
 11. Fishes, Reptiles, Amphibia. 
 
 Assistants 
 
 12. "Workshop. — Janitor. 
 
 13. Boilers. 
 
 14. Aquarium. 
 
 15. Vivarium. 
 
 16. Coal. 
 
 17. Geology. — Workshop. 
 1 la . Geology. — Models. 
 lib. Photography. 
 18— 18«. Geology. — Workshops. 
 19-20. Botanical storerooms. 
 
 21. Nash Botanical Lecture 
 Room . 
 
 21rt. Botanical Photographic 
 Room. 
 
 22. Botanical Diagram Room. 
 
 23. Janitor's Room. 
 
 24. Collection of Fossil Plants. 
 
 25. 25a. Rooms for Mineral 
 Analysis. 
 
 26. Alcohol Room. 
 
 27. Assav Laboratory. 
 
 BASE.YIEXT. 
 
91 
 
 land3. Tertiary Collections. 
 2. Cretaceous and. Jurassic 
 Collections. 
 
 4. Paleozoic Collections. 
 
 5. Synoptic Collections. 
 
 Hall. 
 Office. 
 11. Fossil Invertebrates. — 
 
 Storage. Assistant. 
 . Geological Lecture Room. 
 . Hall. 
 . Geological Lecture Room 
 
 and Laboratory. 
 . Professor of Geology. 
 . Geological Lecture Room. 
 -20. Laboratory of Economic 
 
 Botany. 
 . Xash Botanical Lecture 
 
 Room. 
 , 23. Exhibition of 
 
 Cryptogams. 
 . Mineralogical Lecture 
 
 Room. 
 . Mineralogical Laboratory. 
 " Library. 
 
 " Laboratory. 
 
 FIRST FLOOR. 
 
95 
 
 1-4. Entomology. Assistant. 
 5. Special Collections. 
 (5. Hall. 
 7. Office. 
 8-12. Library. 
 13. Hall. 
 
 E 
 
 to 
 
 f£ 
 
 P 
 
 5 
 
 /3 
 
 :k 
 
 i* 
 
 15 
 
 L 
 
 16 
 
 14. Library. 
 
 15. Curator. 
 
 16. Curator. 
 
 17. Zoological Laboratory. 
 
 18. Assistants in Department of 
 
 Zoology. 
 
 19. Laboratory of Vegetable 
 
 Physiology. 
 
 20. Laboratory of Vegetable 
 
 Physiology. 
 
 21. Laboratory of Elementary 
 
 Botany. 
 
 22. Library of Department of 
 
 Botany. 
 
 23. Men's Lavatory. 
 
 24. Laboratory of Elementary 
 
 Botany. 
 
 25. Laboratory for Optical Min- 
 
 eralogy. 
 
 26. Room for Special Students 
 
 of Vegetable Histology 
 and Physiology. 
 
 27. Professor's Eoom. 
 
 -J— + 
 
 H 
 
 u 
 
 1 ■ 1 c 
 
 SECOND FLOOR. 
 
96 
 
 1. Fishes. — Systematic Col- 
 
 lection. 
 
 2. Mollusca. — Systematic 
 
 Collection. 
 
 3. Birds. — Systematic Collec- 
 
 tion. 
 
 4. Radiates. — Systematic 
 
 Collection. 
 
 ■7. Mammalia.— Systematic 
 Collection. 
 
 South American Fauna. 
 
 North American Fauna. 
 
 Indo-Asiatic Fauna. 
 
 African Fauna. 
 
 Europo-Siberian Fauna. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Atlantic Fauna. 
 
 Pacific Fauna. 
 
 Special Collections 
 (Scott Collection of 
 Birds). 
 
 Special Collections. 
 
 Exhibition Room of 
 Economic Plants and 
 Collection of Woods. 
 Botanical Museum, in- 
 cluding Blaschka Glass 
 Models of Flowering 
 Plants. 
 
 Mineralogical Mu- 
 seum. 
 
 21 
 
 2.427 
 
 IfBfU— 
 
 THIRD FLOOR. 
 
97 
 
 1. Crustacea, Insects and 
 
 Worms. — Systematic 
 Collections. 
 
 2. Mollusca. — Systematic 
 
 Collections. 
 
 3. Reptiles and Amphibia. 
 
 — Systematic Collections. 
 
 4. Echinoderms and Coe- 
 
 lenterates. — Systematic 
 Collections. 
 5-7. Reptiles. — Systematic 
 Collections. 
 
 9. 
 10. 
 11. 
 
 8. Australian, New Guinea 
 and New Zealand 
 Fauna. 
 
 North American Fauna. 
 
 Indo-Asiatic Fauna. 
 
 African and Madagas- 
 can Fauna. 
 
 12. Zoological Laboratory. 
 
 13. Hall. 
 
 14. Zoological Laboratory and 
 
 Lecture Eoom. 
 
 15. Zoological Laboratory. 
 
 16. Professor's Room. 
 
 17-18. Physical Geography Labo- 
 ratory and Lecture Room. 
 
 19. Laboratory of Systematic 
 Botany. 
 
 20. Phanerogamic Herbarium and 
 Work Room. 
 
 21. Exhibition of Photo- 
 graphs to illustrate 
 Vegetation of the 
 World. 
 
 22. Professor's Room. 
 
 23. Room of Assistant in Miner- 
 alogy. 
 
 24-27. Mineralogical Mu- 
 seum and Collection 
 of Meteorites. 
 
 21 
 
 FOURTH FLOOR. 
 
98 
 
 1 and 3. Fossil Vertebrates. ■ — 
 Mammals, Birds, Reptiles 
 and Amphibia. 
 
 2. Fossil Vertebrates. — Assistant 
 inVertebrate Paleontology. 
 
 4. Fossil Vertebrates. — Fishes. 
 
 5-7 . Mammals and Birds . — Stor- 
 age. 
 
 8-10. Mammal Skeletons. — 
 Storage. 
 
 9-11. Mammal and Bird Skins. 
 — Storage. 
 
 Reptiles, Amphibia and Fishes. 
 — Storage. 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Zoological Lecture Room and 
 Laboratory. 
 
 Radiates. — Storage. Assistant. 
 
 Zoological Laboratory. 
 -18. Mollusca and Crustacea. — 
 Storage. Assistant. 
 
 Work Room of Assistant in 
 Cryptogamic Herbarium. 
 
 Cryptogamic Herbarium. 
 
 Investigators' Rooms and 
 Storeroom of Cryptogams. 
 
 Room of Collection of New 
 England Botanical Club. 
 
 Professor's Room. 
 
 Laboratory of Cryptogamic 
 Botany and of Advanced 
 Students in Cryptogamic 
 Botany. 
 
 Laboratory of Cryptogamic 
 Botany. 
 
 Professor's Room. 
 
 Room of Assistants in Cryp- 
 togamic Laboratory and 
 Advanced Students. 
 
 
 £S 
 
 'Mil 
 
 M 
 
 FIFTH FLOOR. 
 
99 
 
 The Laboratory of Geology is on the first floor of the 
 Museum. The larger part of this room is devoted to 
 instruction in elementary general geology. Here are 
 collections of rocks and specimens illustrating dynamic 
 geology, and additional materials for teaching in the 
 form of maps and models. The objects worthy of special 
 note by the visitor are the model of Etna by Deckert, 
 after Baron von Waltershausen's map of that volcano, a 
 model of the Dents du Midi, Tour Sallieres and Mont 
 Euan, Canton Valais, Switzerland, geologically colored 
 after directions by Hein and Frtih, and a case of the 
 type specimens described in the writings of officers and 
 students of the Department of Geology. 
 
 On this floor are the private office of the Professor of 
 Geology, the lecture room of the Sturgis Hooper Pro- 
 fessor of Geology, and the geological lecture room, which 
 has a seating capacity of 298. 
 
 Laboratory of Experimental Geology. — Two rooms in 
 the basement of the Museum are equipped as a labora- 
 tory of experimental geology. Most of the apparatus 
 now in stock is the product of experimental research by 
 advanced students. The object of such research is in 
 some cases the precise interpretation of dynamic processes 
 and the structures resulting therefrom; in other cases 
 only the suggestive illustration, in miniature, of the 
 unseen processes of geology. Apparatus is provided 
 to imitate the deformation of the stratified rocks, the 
 action of springs and geysers, the deposition of deltas, 
 the formation of ripplemark, the crystallization of vol- 
 canic rocks, the motion of ice, and the formation of 
 joints. The.large compression chest of oak, with opposed 
 thrust pistons, indices, and a movable bottom, is used 
 
100 
 
 for deforming under pressure wax models cast to imitate 
 various possible conditions of stratification. The gas 
 blast furnace is used for synthetic experiments, and is 
 provided with an automatic self-extinguishing appliance 
 for safety against accidents by fire. The electric furnace 
 is designed for the reproduction of Moissan's experiments. 
 Projection lanterns, with devices for vertical as well as 
 horizontal projection, are used in combination with glass 
 tanks of different shapes, to show the action of currents 
 in transporting and depositing sediment. 
 
 Laboratories of Mineralogy and Petrography. — The 
 basement of the Museum contains a chemical labora- 
 tory, completely equipped for mineral and rock analysis, 
 for the use of instructors and advanced students engaged 
 in research. The workshop for slicing, grinding, and 
 polishing rocks and minerals is at present in the base 
 ment of the next section of the Museum, and is equipped 
 with a number of the necessary machines, run by electric 
 power. 
 
 Of the four rooms on the first floor, one is the 
 mineralogical lecture room and laboratory for elemen- 
 tary crystallography and for petrography. It is equipped 
 with microscopes and other apparatus, including the elec- 
 tric light for illustrating lectures hy the stereopticon and 
 projecting microscope. Large collections of rocks and 
 the corresponding thin sections are kept here for students' 
 use and investigation, and also the material for the 
 elementary study of crystallography, comprising glass 
 and wooden models and over 1000 natural crystals. 
 
 The second room of equal size is the laboratory for 
 determinative mineralogy, fitted with tiled tables and 
 cement floor, containing 100 blow-pipe sets, the students' 
 
101 
 
 reference collection of minerals, comprising about 2000 
 specimens fully labelled, the review sets of about 2000 
 specimens unlabelled, the study collection of about 3600 
 specimens, and a large stock of material for replenishing 
 the study drawers. 
 
 Of the two smaller rooms, one is the library, containing 
 the principal periodicals and independent works (about 
 700 books), and the other a smaller laboratory, used for 
 Rad cliff e students in mineralogy and for advanced work ; 
 it contains large collections of rocks. 
 
 The laboratory for advanced work, on the second floor, 
 contains the goniometers and other apparatus for crystal- 
 lography and optical mineralogy and the ' ' Scientific " 
 collection of minerals for use in investigation (about 4000 
 specimens), and rock collections. 
 
 The rock collections contained in the various rooms 
 of the Museum are extensive, comprising the Whitney 
 and the Brooks collections, various European and local 
 collections, and material collected by individuals or ex- 
 peditions in various parts of the world. The thin sec- 
 tions run high into the thousands, including 100 from 
 meteorites. 
 
 The total number of mineral specimens in the exhibition 
 rooms is about 10,000, exclusive of the meteorites; the 
 minerals worth enumerating in the other collections bring 
 the total up to about 23,000. 
 
 The more important part of the mineralogical collec- 
 tions of the University is exhibited on the third and the 
 fourth floors, although a large amount of duplicate 
 material and of specimens less suitable for exhibition is 
 contained in the collection on the second floor and in the 
 collections used for teaching on the first floor. 
 
102 
 
 Laboratory of Palaeontology. — Instruction in palaeon- 
 tology is given in Room 2 of the University Museum. 
 Here are kept the collections, the diagrams, and a few of 
 the more important reference books required by students. 
 The collection used in teaching general palaeontology is 
 arranged systematically, and is contained in trays in twelve 
 wall cases on the east side of the room. The collection 
 used in teaching historical geology is arranged strati- 
 graphically, and is contained in trays in table or desk 
 cases in the north end of the room. These collections 
 are freely accessible to students. Besides collections in 
 the laboratory, students can consult the fossils on exhibi- 
 tion in the Museum, where they are arranged either in 
 the systematic series or in rooms especially devoted to 
 palaeontology. 
 
 The Laboratories of Geography are on the fourth floor 
 of the University Museum. They are devoted to the 
 needs of the various classes in physical geography and 
 meteorology, with special reference to laboratory exer- 
 cises. The lecture room on the first floor is used for 
 general meetings with larger classes. The equipment 
 of the laboratories, chiefly within the last ten years, has 
 been planned with a view to furnishing material for indi- 
 vidual study in geography, comparable to that afforded 
 in zoology and botany in the other laboratories of the 
 Museum. It includes a variety of maps, charts, models, 
 diagrams, photographs, and lantern slides. Special men- 
 tion may be made of the collection of large-scale grouped 
 map-sheets, illustrating districts of peculiar interest in 
 this country and abroad. These are supplemented by a 
 collection of the topographical maps of the United States 
 governmental surveys and of nearly all the European 
 
103 
 
 surveys, in the College Library. The collection of models 
 includes four of type forms by Heim, Pomba's Italy on a 
 true curved surface, the Upper Moselle by the Geographi- 
 cal Service of the French Army, Southern New England 
 by Howell, the Gulf of Mexico by the United States 
 Hydrographic Office, as well as the first three numbers 
 of a series to be kuown as the "Harvard Geographical 
 Models," designed with special reference to systematic 
 instruction in secondary schools. 
 
 Materials for instruction in meteorology and climatol- 
 ogy include a full set of weather maps from the United 
 States Signal Service and Weather Bureau, pilot charts 
 of the North Atlantic and North Pacific from the United 
 States Hydrographic Office, as well as a large number 
 of meteorological charts and diagrams from different 
 sources, and a number of official British, German, and 
 French publications. These are supplemented by an 
 extensive collection of climatological reports from all 
 parts of the world in the library of the Astronomical 
 Observatory. 
 
 Laboratories of Zoology. — The laboratories and lecture 
 rooms of the Department of Zoology are in the northwest 
 corner of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and may 
 be reached from the steps in the northwest corner of 
 the Museum quadrangle, off Divinity Avenue, or from the 
 north entrance to the Museum on Oxford Street. The 
 present quarters were first occupied in 1885. On 
 the fifth floor is a lecture room seating about 200 
 persons ; it is used for elementary laboratory exercises 
 as well as for lectures. The walls are decorated with 
 busts and portraits of distinguished zoologists. On 
 this floor there is also a - small laboratory, furnished 
 
104 
 
 with modern apparatus and a reference library, for the 
 use of students in Radcliffe College. On the fourth floor 
 are three laboratories and the private room of the 
 Hersey Professor of Anatomy. Cases in the hall are 
 occupied by material used in lectures and demonstra- 
 tions on invertebrates. The corner room (3) is used 
 as a laboratory, and as a lecture room for classes not 
 exceeding 50 in number. Courses on the morphology of 
 invertebrates and on the comparative anatomy of verte- 
 brates are given in this room. Here are lodged the 
 osteological and other anatomical preparations for use 
 in lectures and demonstrations on vertebrates, a large 
 proportion of the 1700 diagrams, and a portion of the 
 microscopes and the reference books belonging to the 
 department. The room is furnished with an injecting 
 table and the necessary apparatus for the injection and 
 preparation of material, in addition to the students' work 
 tables. The Zoological Club usually meets in this room. 
 The adjacent room (2) is used by students in courses 
 on microscopical anatomy and technique and on em- 
 bryology. In cases in this room is stored much 
 of the apparatus, such as microscopes, microtomes, 
 incubators, wax plate and modelling apparatus, wax 
 models (the woik of students), projection apparatus, 
 cameras, etc. This room, as well as most of the other 
 laboratories, is provided with a water bath for imbedding 
 in paraffin, with automatic regulator and the Koch safety 
 gas burners. 
 
 Room 4 on this floor accommodates a portion of the 
 students engaged in research. Most of the chemicals are 
 stored in this room, and to save the time of workers 
 there is an alphabetic index indicating the place of all 
 
105 
 
 the articles (except diagrams and preparations) in the 
 department. A map of the vicinity of Cambridge, min- 
 utely ruled, together with a card catalogue of New Eng- 
 land localities in which particular animals are to be 
 found, aids the student in familiarizing himself with 
 the surrounding fauna, both land and marine, and in 
 securing the material necessary for his investigations. 
 Room 6 is used by the instructors in the department 
 as a private work room. 
 
 In addition to the library of the Museum there is a 
 departmental library of about 300 volumes of works 
 much consulted, such as Brown's "Thierreich" and the 
 more expensive Manuals ; these are distributed through 
 the zoological laboratories where most needed. 
 
 The instruction in palaeozoology is given in the 
 laboratory of the Department of Geology on the first 
 floor, room 2, which is supplied with material for class 
 work and with numerous charts, diagrams, and models. 
 
 The zoological collections of the Museum are close at 
 hand and readily consulted in the exhibition rooms. 
 
 In the basement are two large rooms, one of which is 
 partially fitted as an aquarium. In it experimental work 
 has been done. The other is to be equipped as a 
 vivarium . 
 
 All the floors having zoological laboratories are con- 
 nected with each other by telephone. 
 
 Laboratories of Cryptogamic, Phanerogamic, and Eco- 
 nomic Botany. — The Department of Botany of the Uni- 
 versity occupies the rooms in the basement, the central part, 
 and the adjoining southwest wing of the Museum, except 
 the rooms devoted to mineralogy and petrography. In 
 the basement are storerooms and rooms for photography. 
 
106 
 
 On the first floor are the Nash Botanical Lecture Room, 
 built with the gift of Nathaniel Cushing Nash, of the 
 Class of 1884, in memory of his father; the laboratory of 
 economic botany ; and the exhibition cases of cryptogams. 
 On the second floor, room 10 contains the departmental 
 library; rooms 11 and 11a are the laboratories of vege- 
 table physiology and histology; rooms 12 and 13 are 
 laboratories for elementary work ; in addition to these is 
 a special room assigned to advanced students of physio- 
 logical botauy. On the third floor and the gallery con- 
 nected with it, are the halls devoted to the botanical 
 museum. Here are the Blaschka glass models of flowers, 
 the gift of Mrs. Charles Eliot Ware and her daughter, 
 Miss Mary Ware, in memory of Charles Eliot Ware, of 
 the Class of 1834. On the fourth floor, room 19 is the 
 private room of the Fisher Professor of Natural History ; 
 in room 20 is a working collection of native and exotic 
 phanerogams; rooms 20a and 21a are used by students 
 of systematic and economic botany. The rooms on the 
 fifth floor are devoted to cryptogamic botany : room 25 
 is used temporarily for the collection of the New England 
 Botanical Club ; rooms 26 and 26a contain the Crypto- 
 gamic Herbarium of the University, which includes col- 
 lections of algae, fungi, and lichens ; room 27, is devoted 
 to the use of special workers ; rooms 29 and 29a are 
 laboratories for students of cryptogamic botany, the 
 latter for advanced students ; room 29b is the laboratory 
 of the assistants in cryptogamic botany ; room 29c is 
 the private laboratory of the Assistant Professor of Cryp- 
 togamic Botany ; room 30 is the private laboratory of the 
 Professor of Cryptogamic Botany. 
 
107 
 
 The Peabody Museum. — This museum was 
 founded by George Peabody, a native of Massachusetts, 
 who, in 1866, gave $150,000 for the foundation of a 
 museum and a professorship of American archaeology 
 and ethnology in connection with Harvard University. 
 Mr. Peabody placed the fund in the charge of a board of 
 trustees of which Robert Charles Winthrop, of the Class 
 of 1828, was chairman until his death, in 1894. The first 
 curator of the Museum was Jeffries Wyman, of the Class 
 of 1833. At his death, in 1874, Frederic Ward Putnam 
 was appointed his successor. On January 1, 1897, the 
 Trustees of the Museum transferred the property to the 
 President and Fellows of Harvard College. 
 
 Mr. Peabody, by this gift, made the first foundation 
 in this country for special research relating to the early 
 or pre-Columbian history of America. Since then, how- 
 ever, the Museum has, from time to time, been enriched 
 by contributions of money and of specimens, and four 
 permanent endowments have been made. 
 
 The arrangements of the collections is intended to 
 facilitate research in general anthropology, with special 
 reference to American and comparative archaeology and 
 ethnology. Here are kept material secured by explora- 
 tions carried on by the curators, or under their direction, 
 in various parts of America, and collections from Europe, 
 secured by purchase in the early years of the Museum. 
 These collections are used in the comparative study of 
 the early works of man in different parts of the world. 
 
 The building, 100 feet long and 5 stories high, is one 
 half of the contemplated structure, which will form the 
 south wing of the University Museum. The entrance is 
 on Divinity Avenue. 
 
109 
 
 In the room on the left of the entrance hall is the 
 general office and Anthropological Library. The library 
 contains about 1900 volumes and 2500 pamphlets on 
 all branches of anthropology. The publications of the 
 Museum are annual reports, special papers, and me- 
 moirs. At the end of the entrance hall is the lecture- 
 room, with a seating capacity of about 200. In cases 
 around this hall are arranged the collections illustrating 
 the life and customs of several tribes of North American 
 Indians. The gallery above this hall is temporarily given 
 to the Semitic Museum of the University. On the fifth 
 floor is the students' laboratory and lecture room. On 
 this floor, in the central hall and south room, is the oste- 
 ological collection, used in the comparative study of 
 human crania and skeletons. The other exhibition rooms 
 are devoted to archaeological and enthnological material 
 from America and other parts of the world arranged 
 geographically. 
 
 The Museum is in charge of the Curator and is open to 
 the public, under proper restrictions, from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., 
 throughout the year, Sundays and holidays excepted. 
 
 A special guide to the museum may be obtained at the 
 office. 
 
 The Semitic Museum. — The collections of the 
 Museum occupy a gallery on the second floor of the 
 Peabody Museum. They have been purchased by gifts 
 of many friends, but chiefly by a gift of $10,000 made 
 by Jacob H. Schiff, in 1889. Other friends have given 
 individual objects or small collections of objects. The 
 Harvard Divinity School has placed on deposit here a 
 collection of Babylonian clay tablets, the gift of the 
 
110 
 
 Honorable Stephen Salisbury. The Divinity School will 
 also place on deposit here a collection of Palestinean 
 objects, gathered by Doctor Selah Merrill while consul 
 at Jerusalem, and purchased for the School by the con- 
 tributions of many friends. The Museum was formally 
 opened on May 13, 1891. The total cost of the collections 
 has been about $14,000. 
 
 The objects already acquired are originals and repro- 
 ductions. Of the former may be mentioned, from Babylon 
 and Assyria, stone seal cylinders, and inscriptions on 
 stone and on clay ; from Phoenicia, glass vases, dishes, 
 and bowls found in the tombs ; from Palestine, the Merrill 
 collection of birds, animals, plants, seeds, glass, coins, 
 geological specimens, and numerous articles illustrating 
 modern peasant and Bedouin life ; from Egypt, a col- 
 lection of mortuary Moslem inscriptions in the Cufic 
 character, some of them about 1000 years old ; from 
 various Semitic lands, many manuscripts, Arabic, 
 Hebrew, and Aramaic. 
 
 The reproductions are largely plaster casts of important 
 Assyrian and Babylonian monuments in the museums of 
 London, Paris, and Berlin. These casts are from bas- 
 reliefs, statues, obelisks, winged lions, clay tablets, seals, 
 building bricks, commercial weights in the shape of lions 
 and ducks, and numerous other small objects. There are 
 also casts of Hebrew and Phoenician inscriptions, of a 
 Phoenician sarcophagus, of Persian archers and inscrip- 
 tions, of Hittite hunting scenes and inscriptions, and of 
 the Moabite stone recording the revolt of Mesha from 
 the Hebrews. There are likewise many photographs of 
 Semitic buildings and natural scenery, especially from 
 Damascus, Palestine, and Spain. 
 
Ill 
 
 THE BOTANIC GARDEN. 
 
 This garden, situated at the corner of Garden and 
 Linnaean Streets, Cambridge, was established, at the 
 beginning of the century, by a few gentlemen who en- 
 dowed a professorship of Natural History. The com- 
 mittee in charge of the enterprise selected as the first 
 incumbent of the chair, William Dandridge Peck, of the 
 Class of 1782, and, distinctly understanding that special 
 prominence should be given to Botany, despatched him 
 to Europe to examine botanic gardens in England and on. 
 the continent, while they secured a lot of land for the 
 purpose of a garden here. In 1807 Professor Peck laid 
 out a portion of the seven acres at the corner of what are 
 now known as Garden and Linnaean Streets, following: 
 as a model the formal lines of the smaller establishments. 
 in England. This arrangement has not since been essen- 
 tially changed in any manner. After Professor Peck's 
 death the garden passed under the charge of Thomas 
 Nuttall, and later of Thaddeus Harris, as curators, the 
 funds having dwindled so much that it was no longer 
 possible to assign the income to a full professorship. 
 About 1842 the income of a newly established professor- 
 ship, endowed by Joshua Fisher, of the Class of 1766, 
 became available, and to this new chair Dr. Asa Gray 
 was invited. The amount at Dr. Gray's disposal for the 
 maintenance of the garden was inadequate, but it was 
 supplemented by the expenditure of untiring energy. 
 The garden was soon enriched by large numbers of native 
 and foreign plants, and shortly became the recipient of the 
 newer treasures coming from the West and the Southwest. 
 
112 
 
 Dr. Gray was wont to place in nooks not easily accessible 
 to the public the rarer plants which have since become 
 the common property of horticulture, and in this way he 
 introduced some of the choicest novelties. 
 
 In 1872, the garden was placed under the charge of 
 the Director of the Arnold Arboretum, Professor Charles 
 Sprague Sargent, of the Class of 1862. The distribution 
 of species was changed, and many improvements which 
 the poverty of the garden bad hitherto forbidden were 
 successfully introduced. The garden has been under the 
 charge of the present director, Professor George Lincoln 
 Goodale, of the Class of 1863, Medical School, since 1886. 
 
 For inspection the garden may be conveniently divided 
 into the area below the terrace and that on the upper 
 level. Below the terrace the natural orders of flowering 
 plants and the genera of ferns and their allies are arranged 
 in formal beds, which are so disposed as to exhibit many 
 of the affinites of the families. 
 
 In various places below the terrace are special beds 
 devoted to groups of plants of particular interest. Among 
 these are plants mentioned to by Shakspere and by Vergil. 
 One long bed contains a large number of the species 
 described by Parkinson as cultivated for decorative pur- 
 poses at the beginning of the seventeenth century ; these 
 may fairly be said to represent the old-fashioned plants 
 grown in " pleasure gardens" at the time the University 
 was founded. Two groups which possess more than 
 ordinary attractions to the casual visitor, the Australasian 
 species and the desert plants, are near the Linnaean Street 
 border. 
 
 On the upper level are the large plots assigned to select 
 North American species. Near these are the cultivated 
 
113 
 
 forms of the rarer vegetables grown for the study of 
 variation. 
 
 The greenhouses are of the common composite type. 
 Beginning on the left and passing towards the east are 
 successively the succulents, the Australian, the Mexican 
 and fern houses, the palm house and its attached hot 
 house, filled with exotics demanding great heat. Behind 
 this range, a long range is to be built, which will be 
 largely devoted to economic plants and to plants under 
 the hands of experimenters. This range will have a 
 laboratory at its extreme western end. 
 
 The Botanical Laboratories of the University are dis- 
 tributed as follows : — At the Botanic Garden are the 
 Gray Herbarium and the Botanical Library, and the 
 Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology. In the University 
 Museum are the Laboratories of Cryptogamic, Phanero- 
 gamic, and Economic Botany. 
 
 The Gray Herbarium. — The Gray Herbarium of 
 Harvard University is situated in the Botanic Garden at 
 the corner of Linnsean and Garden Streets, Cambridge. 
 The collection, founded and largely developed by the late 
 Professor Asa Gray, was given by him to the University 
 in 1864. At that time the fire-proof brick building which 
 it now occupies was built for the Herbarium through the 
 liberality of Nathaniel Thayer. The collection, being 
 the result of more than sixty years of continuous and 
 carefully directed growth, contains over 250,000 sheets of 
 mounted specimens, representing all groups of flowering 
 plants, ferns, fern-allies, mosses, and hepatics. The 
 fungi, algae, and lichens have now been wholly trans- 
 ferred to the Cryptogamic Herbarium in the Botanical 
 
114 
 
 Division of the University Museum. Among the many 
 additions which have been made to the original collection 
 of Professor Gray since its receipt by the University, the 
 following have been the most important : the herbaria of 
 Jacques Gay, G. Curling Joad, and John Ball, all rich in 
 Old World types ; the herbarium of Dr. George Thurber, 
 especially rich in critically identified grasses ; the moss 
 collections of W. S. Sullivant and of Thomas P. James ; 
 the hepatics from the herbarium of Thomas Taylor ; the 
 general herbarium of William Boott, notable for its excel- 
 lent representation of the difficult genus Car ex; the Com- 
 positce from the herbarium of Dr. F. W. Klatt, specialist 
 in that order. The Gray Herbarium, with which the 
 above collections have been incorporated, is also rich in 
 standard and rare phanerogamic exsiccati, in type speci- 
 mens of new species and varieties, and in the possession 
 of the greater part of the plants which have been criti- 
 cally examined in the preparation of the "Synoptical 
 Flora of North America." In the arrangement of the 
 Herbarium the sequence of Engler & Prantl's " Natu'r- 
 liche Pflanzenfamilien " is now followed. 
 
 The Library of the Herbarium. — Together with his 
 herbarium, Professor Gray gave to Harvard University, 
 in 1864, his extensive botanical library. This nucleus of 
 the Library of the Gray Herbarium was soon increased 
 by a valuable collection of floras, contributed by John A. 
 Lowell. Augmented also by lesser gifts and by pur- 
 chases, the library now contains more than 12,000 
 carefully selected volumes and pamphlets. 
 
 Laboratory of a Vegetable Physiology. — This labora- 
 tory occupies the brick building extending eastward from 
 the Herbarium. The building also contains a lecture 
 
115 
 
 room, having a seating capacity of 100. The present 
 laboratory will be soon supplemented by a larger labora- 
 tory in process of erection on the plateau in the rear. 
 
 THE ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. 
 
 The Astronomical Observatory, situated between Con- 
 cord Avenue and Garden Street, Bond Street and Madison 
 Street, Cambridge, opposite the Botanic Garden, was 
 established in 1843. The annual income, used exclusively 
 for research, is about $50,000, and is mainly derived from 
 a permanent endowment of $780,000. Twenty-one men 
 and nineteen women are employed. The investigations 
 so far completed fill nearly 40 quarto volumes of an- 
 nals. Discoveries made here are promptly announced 
 by means of circulars which are issued, on an average, 
 once a month. This Observatory, and that at Kiel, Ger- 
 many, have been selected by international agreement as 
 centres for the prompt distribution of astronomical dis- 
 coveries. Discoveries are telegraphed to one of these 
 centres, cabled from there to the other centre, and at 
 once transmitted to the principal observatories and 
 newspapers of Europe and America. The Library of 
 the Observatory contains about 9000 astronomical and 
 meteorological volumes, and 13,000 pamphlets. 
 
 The principal objects of interest in the main building 
 of the Observatory are the 15-inch equatorial telescope 
 and attached photometers, the 8-inch meridian circle, 
 the meridian photometer, the astronomical and meteoro- 
 logical libraries, and the clock vaults. On the grounds are 
 the domes containing the 11-inch Draper telescope, with 
 apparatus for removing and replacing the large objective 
 
116 
 
 prisms, the apparatus for photographing variable stars and 
 eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, and the pole star recorder 
 for measuring the cloudiness at night ; the 15-inch Draper 
 reflector for determining the exact position of the pole, 
 and constants of precession, aberration, and mutation ; 
 the 8-inch Draper doublet ; the 6-inch doublet for photo- 
 graphing large portions of the sky ; the 12-inch horizontal 
 telescope with photometer for measuring stars as faint 
 as the thirteenth magnitude ; the transit photometer for 
 photographing, every clear night, all stars brighter than 
 the sixth magnitude between the north pole and declina- 
 tion — 30°, crossing the meridian after dark. The labor- 
 atory contains various electrical and mechanical devices, 
 a commutator for controlling various telescopes, time 
 signals for occupations, apparatus for enlargements, 
 for standard lights, and for converting prismatic into 
 normal spectra. The brick building contains nearly 
 100,000 photographs taken partly in Cambridge, and 
 partly at the southern station of the Observatory in 
 Peru. Charts and spectra of all the stars from the 
 north to the south pole are represented on these pho- 
 tographs on many different nights, thus furnishing a 
 complete history of the sky during the last ten years. 
 
 Besides the station at Cambridge, the Observatory 
 maintains an important station near Arequipa, Peru, 
 where the southern stars are studied in the same way 
 that the northern stars are studied in Cambridge. Every 
 important investigation is thus rendered complete from 
 pole to pole. The elevation of the Arequipa Station is 
 8060 feet, and it was selected on account of its excep- 
 tionally favorable atmospheric conditions. The principal 
 instruments at this station are the Bruce photographic 
 
118 
 
 telescope, a doublet of 24 inches aperture, with two 
 objective prisms having the same apertures ; the Boyden 
 telescope having an objective of 13 inches aperture, which 
 can be used for either photographic or visual work by 
 reversing the front lens (two objective prisms also accom- 
 pany this instrument) ; the Bruce 11-inch telescope having 
 a similar lens ; the Bache telescope having an 8-inch 
 photographic doublet with two objective prisms ; numer- 
 ous smaller instruments including a transit instrument, 
 and a transit photometer, like that at Cambridge, which 
 photographs similarly, as they cross the meridian, al 
 bright stars between declination -f- 50° and the south 
 pole. A series of meteorological stations, crossing the 
 Andes, is also maintained, the most important being that 
 on El Misti at an elevation of 19,200 feet. The other 
 stations are Mejia (elevation 100), La Joya (4150), 
 Arequipa (8060), Alto de la Huesos (13,300), Mt. 
 Blanc Station on El Misti (15,600), Cuzco (11,000), 
 and Echarati (3000). Continuous observations are main- 
 tained at these stations by self-recording meteorological 
 instruments, and are checked at the five lower stations 
 by direct readings made three times a day. 
 
 In 1885 a meteorological observatory was established 
 on Blue Hill, 12 miles south of Cambridge, by Abbott 
 Lawrence Rotch, and is maintained there at his expense. 
 To avoid duplication of work a plan of cooperation pro- 
 vides for the ultimate union of the two institutions, and 
 the observations made on Blue Hill are published in the 
 Annals of the Harvard Observatory. They will be found 
 in Volumes XX, XXX, XL, and XLII. Later Blue Hill 
 was taken by the Metropolitan Park Commissioners for a 
 public park, but the land on which the Observatory is 
 
119 
 
 built has been leased for 99 years to the President and 
 Fellows of Harvard College. This will enable the work 
 of the Observatory to continue under invariable conditions 
 of exposure. Observations of the principal meteorologi- 
 cal elements are made at the summit and the base of Blue 
 Hill three times a day, and self-recording instruments 
 also furnish a continuous record. Numerous meteoro- 
 logical investigations have been undertaken. The first 
 detailed measures of cloud heights and velocities made in 
 this country were obtained at Blue Hill in 1890. For the 
 exploration of the upper air, kites of various designs 
 have been employed since 1894 by means of which self- 
 recording instruments were carried to heights exceeding 
 two miles. 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. 
 
 History. — The nucleus of the College Library was 
 the little collection of 360 volumes, bequeathed by John 
 Harvard in 1638. The Puritan scholar's library was 
 naturally strongest in the theological and polemical works 
 of the day, but it had a good number of classics, Aesop, 
 Cicero, Epictetus, Juvenal, Horace, Isocrates, Lucan, 
 Pliny, Plutarch, Plautus, Terence, and others, and some 
 modern works of literature and history, such as Bacon's 
 Advancement Essays, Chapman's Homer, Quarles's 
 Poems, Camden's Remains. Of all these, however, there 
 now remains but one volume, Downame's Christian War- 
 fare; the rest were destroyed in the fire of 1764. 
 
 The history of the library from that day to this is a 
 record of generous gifts, great and small, from lovers of 
 learning in this country and in England. Harvard's 
 
120 
 
 bequest stirred the magistrates of the Colony to contri- 
 bute books to the value of £200. Peter Bulkley, the min- 
 ister settled in Concord, early gave 37 volumes ; Gov- 
 ernor Winthrop gave 40 volumes ; Sir Kenelen Digby, in 
 1658, Catholic and Royalist though he was, sent over 29 
 volumes, probably out of friendship for Winthrop. During 
 the first eighteen years of the College £150 was received 
 from "divers gentlemen and merchants in England." 
 The Reverend Ezekiel Rogers of Rowley, dying in 1661, 
 left all his Latin books and some English ones to the 
 College. In 1675 Dr. John Lightfoot, an English divine, 
 eminent for his Rabbinical learning, bequeathed his collec- 
 tion of Oriental literature; and in 1678, Theophilus Gale, 
 philologist, philosopher, and theologian, by the bequest 
 of his library, more than doubled the collections already 
 brought together. In 1682 Sergeant Maynard sent eight 
 chests of books valued at £400. Beginning in 1719 
 Thomas Hollis, his two brothers John and Nathaniel, the 
 son and grandson of Nathaniel, both named Thomas, and 
 Thomas Brand Hollis, whom the last Thomas Hollis made 
 his heir, in succession devoted to the College an unremit- 
 ting interest and generosity, which showed itself in the 
 establishment of professorships and scholarships, in con- 
 stant gifts of books for the library and of philosophical 
 apparatus for scientific work, and ended only with the 
 death of the last named in 1804. The elder Hollis, a 
 strict Baptist but liberal minded, was pleased with the 
 ' ' free and catholic spirit of the Seminary " and during 
 the last ten years of his life was constant in its service 
 and constantly stirring the interest and appealing to the 
 generosity of others. At the same time he did not hesi- 
 tate to criticise the management of the library. He 
 
122 
 
 writes : "You want seats to sit and read, and chains to 
 your valuable books like our Bodleian Library, or Ziou 
 College, in London. . . . You let your books be taken 
 at pleasure, to men's houses, and many are lost ; your 
 (boyish) students take them to their chambers, and tear 
 out pictures and maps to adorn their walls. Such things 
 are not good." He also criticised the President and 
 Fellows for preferring to have Bayle's Dictionary and 
 other works in English rather than in French : ' ' Our 
 students, in London, who sincerely endeavor after knowl- 
 edge, easily attain to read French," he writes. The last 
 Thomas Hollis showed his interest in the College by 
 donations of books before the fire of 1764, and after the 
 fire immediately subscribed £200 for the purchase of 
 books ; furthermore, in the course of the next six years, 
 he sent hither 41 cases of books, and at his death, in 
 1774, left a bequest of £500. 
 
 When Harvard Hall was burned in 1764, the library 
 was destroyed. This collection, amounting to about 5000 
 volumes, was by far the most valuable in the country, 
 and its loss was regarded as a public calamity. But so 
 great was the general sense, both here and in England, 
 of the importance of replacing it, so strenuous were the 
 efforts of the Committees appointed by the Corporation 
 and the Overseers, and so lively the interest of others on 
 all sides, that the library soon surpassed its former size, 
 and by 1790 it had increased to about 12,000 volumes. 
 The long roll of donors for 1764 is printed in Quincy's 
 History (ii. 485). Besides the gifts of Thomas Hollis, 
 there were gifts from Governor Bernard (10 guineas and 
 more than 300 volumes), from John Hancock (£554), 
 from the province of New Hampshire (£300), from the 
 
123 
 
 Archbishops of Canterbury and York, from George 
 Whitefield, who also by his influence procured large 
 numbers of books from others in England, and from the 
 various societies for propagating the Gospel and promot- 
 ing Christian knowledge. 
 
 In June, 1775, when Cambridge was occupied by the 
 Continental troops the library was removed to Andover, 
 and in November of the same year a part of it was taken 
 to Concord whither the College had been transferred. 
 The students and the faculty returned to Cambridge in 
 June, 1776, but it was not till May, 1778, that the books 
 were restored to Harvard Hall. Here the library remained 
 till the erection of Gore Hall in 1838, to which the Presi- 
 dent and Fellows devoted a part of the bequest received 
 from Governor Christopher Gore in 1829. It was sup- 
 posed that this building would serve the needs of the 
 library for the remainder of the century ; but in 1877 
 enlargment was necessary, and the new east wing was 
 built at an expense of $90,000. Twenty years later the 
 collection had again outgrown its quarters and the reading- 
 room was no longer sufficient for the greatly increased 
 number of students that used it. The President and 
 Fellows met the immediate need by remodelling old Gore 
 Hall. In the lower half of the building a three-story 
 stack, estimated to hold over 200,000 volumes, in place 
 of the 80,000 shelved there before, was built ; the upper 
 half was made into a reading room with seats for 218 
 readers. This room is regarded simply as a temporary 
 expedient ; when a new reading room can be built this 
 will be converted into a stack like the floors below it.* 
 
 * For reference to the printed and manuscript sources for the 
 history of the College Library see "The Librarians of Harvard 
 
124 
 
 Present Administration. — United in administration 
 with the College Library in G-ore Hall, and together with 
 it forming the University Library, are 11 departmental 
 libraries and 23 smaller class room and laboratory libra- 
 ries. The extent of the several collections in October, 
 1897, was as follows : — 
 
 Gore Hall (the College Library) 355,600 
 
 Lawrence Scientific School 5,000 
 
 Bussey Institution (Jamaica Plain) 3,600 
 
 Phillips Library (Observatory) 8,600 
 
 Herbarium Library (Botanic Garden) 7,300 
 
 Law School 40,900 
 
 Divinity School 27,500 
 
 Medical School (Boston) 2,200 
 
 Museum of Comparative Zoology 32,000 
 
 Peabody Museum 1,800 
 
 Arnold Arboretum 5,800 
 
 Fogg Museum of Art 100 
 
 Seven laboratory and sixteen class-room libraries 15,200 
 
 505,600 
 
 From 15,000 to 18,000 volumes are ordinarily added 
 to the whole collection by gift and purchase each year. 
 
 The annual income of the College Library for the 
 purchase of books is about $15,000; the expenses of 
 administration are about $43,000. 
 
 The College Library in Gore Hall is open, during term 
 time, every week-day (except holidays) from 9 a.m. to 
 10 p.m., and on Sundays from 1 to 5.30 p.m. During 
 
 College" by A. C. Potter and C. K. Bolton, published as No. 52 of 
 the Bibliographical Contributions of the Library. The list of John 
 Harvard's books and of other early gifts is printed in Mr. Andrew 
 McF. Davis's "Pew notes concerning the records of Harvard Col- 
 lege," Bibl. Contrib. No. 27. 
 
125 
 
 the summer vacation the Library closes at 5.30 p.m. (at 
 1 o'clock on Saturdays) and is not open on Sundays. 
 The College Library is for the use of the whole Univer- 
 sity, and books may be borrowed by students (three 
 volumes at a time), and by instructors and other officers. 
 All other persons are free to consult books in the library, 
 and under certain conditions receive permission to borrow. 
 Professors from other colleges are always welcome. Books 
 are also lent to other libraries when they can be spared 
 without injury to work going on in Cambridge. 
 
 Officers of the University have direct access to the 
 shelves in all parts of the library, and students engaged 
 in advanced work are allowed access to those parts of 
 the collection with which they are occupied. All stu- 
 dents have the direct use of about 19,000 volumes in the 
 reading room and the adjoining rooms. Of these, 3600 
 are bound periodicals, 3800 miscellaneous reference 
 books, 3400 government documents, and about 8000 are 
 books withdrawn from general circulation at the request 
 of instructors and ' ' reserved " on shelves in the reading- 
 room for use in connection with the courses of instruction. 
 
 The Books of the Library. — No complete statement 
 of the strength of the library in different departments 
 is given here : mention is made of the chief special fields 
 in which the library is strong as a result of notable 
 gifts or collections received. 
 
 The collection relating to American history, biography, 
 genealogy, and geography numbers about 28,000 volumes, 
 of which nearly 18,000 relate to the United States. The 
 basis of the collection was the libraries formed by Pro- 
 fessor Ebeling and David B. Warden, the former the gift 
 of Colonel Israel Thorndike, of Boston, in 1818, and the 
 
126 
 
 latter presented by Samuel Atkins Eliot, of the Class of 
 1817, in 1823. (Nar. and Crit. Hist. America, vol. i. 
 p. iii.) Both collections are rich in early publications, 
 and, although no attempt is made to buy such of the 
 very rare and costly books as are lacking, pains are taken 
 constantly to strengthen the library in this department. 
 
 The collection of books and tracts illustrating the rise 
 and growth of American slavery numbers 990 volumes, 
 as bound, much the larger part being volumes made up 
 of many pamphlets bound together. The collection is 
 largely the result of the assiduity of the late Charles 
 Sumner, of the Class of 1830, and of Thomas Wentworth 
 Higginson, of the Class of 1841. 
 
 In 1894 the private library of Francis Parkman, of 
 the Class of 1844, was received by bequest; this includes 
 about 2500 volumes, 2000 pamphlets, and 100 maps. 
 That portion of them which relates to Mr. Parkman' s 
 special studies — early American explorations, Colonial 
 history, American Indians, and Canadian history — num- 
 bering 1564 volumes, has been kept together as a memorial 
 collection. 
 
 The collection of United States Congressional docu- 
 ments numbers 3462 volumes. Many of the earlier and 
 rarer volumes were received with the Ebeling library. 
 
 The family of the poet Longfellow, Smith Professor 
 of the French and Spanish Languages and Literatures 
 and Professor of Belles Lettres, 1836-54, have given 
 to the library from time to time volumes of American 
 poetry, most of them presentation copies, amounting 
 altogether to nearly 700 volumes. 
 
 The collection of books by and relating to Dante con- 
 tains over 2000 volumes. In 1884 Professor Charles 
 
127 
 
 Eliot Norton, of the Class of 1846, gave to the College 
 Library the larger part of his valuable collection on Dante, 
 and in 1896 the collection of Dante literature (175 vol- 
 umes) of George Ticknor, Smith Professor, 1817-35, was 
 given to the library by his heirs. The Dante Society for 
 many years has made an annual appropriation for the 
 purchase of books in this department, and the library is 
 under constant obligation to foreign writers, especially 
 Italians, who have presented many of their works. 
 No. 34 of the Bibliographical Contributions is a catalogue- 
 of the collection as it was in 1890. 
 
 A collection of books by and upon Milton, numbering; 
 323 volumes, is largely made up of one formed by George 
 Ticknor. 
 
 The library received under the will of Thomas Carlyle 
 his collection of books on Cromwell and Frederick the 
 Great, numbering 422 volumes ; these are enumerated in 
 No. 26 of the Bibliographical Contributions. 
 
 The collection of folk lore and mediaeval romances, 
 numbering about 7300 volumes, is supposed to be the 
 largest in existence. Professor Francis James Child, of 
 the Class of 1846, who is chiefly responsible for its collec- 
 tion, based upon the material here brought together his 
 English and Scottish Popular Ballads. This collection 
 includes a large number of Chap-books, also manuscript 
 copies of all the important collections of popular ballads 
 in the British Museum that have not been printed, and a 
 copy of the large unpublished collection of French popular 
 ballads (with music) which was made by a commission 
 appointed by Napoleon III. 
 
 The Slavic collection, which has been increased through 
 the generosity of Archibald Carey Coolidge, of the Class 
 
128 
 
 of 1887, who has given over 2000 volumes, now com- 
 prises 3500 volumes relating to the history and literature 
 of the Slavic nations. With the above is included a 
 notable collection on Nihilism (45 volumes and 116 pam- 
 phlets) given by Ivan Panin. 
 
 The collection of Sanskrit literature includes about 
 450 printed texts, about 500 manuscripts, the gift of 
 Fitzedward Hall, of the Class of 1846, and about 500 
 other manuscripts purchased for the library in India by 
 Professor Lanman. Many of the printed books were 
 given by Henry Ware Wales, of the Class of 1838 ; and 
 to increase the collection, his brother Mr. George Wash- 
 ington Wales, gave for many years $200 a year. 
 
 The collection of music, including both printed books 
 relating to music and musical scores, numbers about 4400 
 volumes. 
 
 The library is well supplied, particularly with the older 
 books, in all departments of theology and Biblical criti- 
 cism. Ezra Abbott, Bussey Professor of New Testament 
 Criticism and Interpretation, 1872-84, bequeathed his 
 library to the Divinity School. The collection of printed 
 sermons probably numbers about 10,000. 
 
 In 1888 John Harvey Treat, of the Class of 1862, 
 presented his collection of works on ritualism and doctri- 
 nal theology, numbering 587 titles. It is catalogued in 
 Bibliographical Contribution, No. 36. 
 
 Jared Sparks, of the Class of 1815, President of the 
 University from 1849 till 1853, left his collection of 
 manuscripts — mostly copies, but including some ori- 
 ginals, such as the papers of Governor Bernard — to the 
 library, and his family has since placed in the library 
 his private manuscripts, correspondence, diaries, etc. 
 
129 
 
 A calendar of the historical manuscripts and of other 
 minor collections of papers relating to American his- 
 tory constitutes No. 22 of the Bibliographical Contri- 
 butions. The most considerable collection of original 
 manuscripts in this field possessed by the library is the 
 papers of Arthur Lee, which were left to the library in 
 1827. Two other parts of the same collection were 
 given at the same time to the American Philosophical 
 Society in Philadelphia and to the Library of the Univer- 
 sity of Virginia. A calendar of the portion in Harvard 
 College Library is given in No. 8 of the Bibliographical 
 Contributions. 
 
 No. 6 of the Bibliographical Contributions (1879) 
 shows part of the books and autographs bequeathed to 
 the library by Charles Sumner. The collection is a 
 general one, but embraces many books of curious and 
 bibliographical interest, and interesting autographs. 
 Sumner's correspondence, mounted in 171 volumes, has 
 also come to the library since the death of Mr. Edward 
 L. Pierce, his biographer. 
 
 In 1892 Mr. John Bartlett, of Cambridge, gave to the 
 library his collection of books on angling, fishes, and 
 fish culture, numbering 1014 volumes and 269 pamphlets. 
 It is catalogued in No. 51 of the Bibliographical Contri- 
 butions. Mr. Bartlett has also given his collection of 
 Proverbs and Emblems, comprising about 250 volumes. 
 
 The library has some works in American aboriginal 
 linguistics. Chief among them is the Abenaki Dictionary 
 of Sebastian Rasle, which was printed under the editing 
 of John Pickering, in 1833, by the American Academy of 
 Arts and Sciences (see Bibliographical Contributions, 
 No. 22, p. 86). 
 
130 
 
 The linguistic contributions to the study of the Dela- 
 ware and other aboriginal languages of the Indians living 
 in the present Middle States, by David Zeisberger, a 
 Moravian missionary, were given to the library in 1845 
 (see Bibliographical Contributions, No. 22, pp. 86-88, 
 and the enumeration in J. C. Pilling' s Algonquian Lan- 
 guages, Washington, 1892). 
 
 The collection of loose maps, numbering about 17,500 
 sheets, is the largest in the country; the basis of the 
 collection is that formed by the late Professor Ebeling 
 of Germany, which came to the library with his collec- 
 tion of Americana in 1818. It has been added to from 
 time to time, particularly so as to complete the carto- 
 graphical publications of the United States government 
 and the topographical surveys of the principal European 
 countries. The collection of bound maps and atlases 
 numbers about 800 volumes. It includes facsimile collec- 
 tions, and the printed editions of the early geographers. 
 Printed books which are useful in facilitating the use of 
 the collection are provided, and there is a manuscript 
 subject catalogue of the maps. 
 
 THE DIVINITY SCHOOL. 
 
 That a leading purpose of the founders of Harvard Col- 
 lege was to provide for the churches a learned ministry 
 may be seen from the inscription carved upon a tablet at 
 the entrance to the College Yard. 
 
 Instruction in theology has been given at Harvard 
 College from the time of its foundation. The first pro- 
 fessorship instituted in the University was the Hollis 
 Professorship of Divinity, established in 1721. The 
 
131 
 
 differentiation of the Divinity School from the College 
 was very gradual. Its Faculty was formally organized 
 in 1819. A separate list of its students — previously 
 included under the head of Resident Graduates — first 
 appears in the Catalogue for 1819-20. The organiza- 
 tion of the three oldest professional departments of 
 the University, under the titles Theological School, 
 Medical School, and Law School, is first indicated in 
 the Catalogue for 1827-28. 
 
 The constitution of the Divinity School prescribes that 
 " every encouragement be given to the serious, impartial, 
 and unbiassed investigation of Christian truth, and that 
 no assent to the peculiarities of any denomination of 
 Christians shall be required either of the instructors or 
 students." 
 
 The administration of the School is now carefully con- 
 formed to this principle. Various denominations are repre- 
 sented in its Faculty and among its students. The aim of 
 its management is to maintain a school in which all mat- 
 ters connected with theology shall be studied in a spirit 
 as free as that in which philosophy, history, and classical 
 literature are studied in colleges. At the same time, 
 special attention is given to preparation for the practical 
 work of the ministry. 
 
 The Library Building of the Divinity School 
 
 was completed in 1887 at a cost of about $40,000. It 
 contains the library ; a reading room ; a faculty room, 
 which serves as the office of the Dean of the School ; a 
 room used for the general purposes of the students ; and 
 three lecture rooms. 
 
DIVINITY LIBKARY 
 
 DIVINITY HALL. 
 
133 
 
 Divinity Hall, erected under the auspices of the 
 Society for Promoting Theological Education in Harvard 
 University, which secured contributions amounting to 
 about $20,000, was completed in 1826. It contains 37 
 rooms, a reading room, and a chapel. The library 
 formerly housed there has been removed to the new 
 Divinity Library. 
 
 THE LAW SCHOOL. 
 
 Austin Hall. — Dane Hall, in the southwest corner 
 of the College Yard, erected in 1832 and enlarged in 1845, 
 was occupied by the Law School until 1883, when Austin 
 Hall, in Holmes Place, the present home of the School, 
 was finished. For this building the University is indebted 
 to the liberality of Edward Austin, and the architectural 
 skill of Henry Hobson Richardson. 
 
 On the first floor are three lecture rooms, a reading 
 room, and three professors' rooms. The mezzanine story 
 contains three more professors' rooms. On the second 
 floor are the administrative offices, the library stack with 
 a capacity of 65,000 volumes, and the large reading 
 hall or workshop of the students. The library coutains 
 44,000 volumes. 
 
 The Law School possesses a unique collection of por- 
 traits of eminent judges and lawyers. English Chancery 
 judges are to be seen in the north lecture room, and Eng- 
 lish Common Law judges in the west lecture room. The 
 portraits of American lawyers ami judges are in the 
 reading hall and in the east lecture room. 
 
135 
 
 THE MEDICAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The Medical School Building is situated at the corner 
 of Boylston and Exeter Streets, Boston. It is a fire- 
 proof structure of brick and terra cotta, built in 1883 
 by the generous subscriptions of ' ' friends of medical 
 education." 
 
 The building is four stories high, with two half stories 
 between the second and third, and the third and fourth 
 floors. The entrance, from Boylston Street, is to a large, 
 central hall, lighted from the roof. From this hall rises an 
 iron stairway to the galleries leading to the lecture rooms 
 and the laboratories. On the right of the entrance are the 
 faculty room and the office of the Dean and the Secre- 
 tary : on the left are the rooms of the Janitor. In the 
 rear of the faculty room, extending along the Exeter 
 Street side of the building, are the laboratories for bacteri- 
 ology, for materia medica, pharmacology, and experi- 
 mental therapeutics, and also for hygiene. In a large 
 hall on the left, and also in the rear of the entrance hall 
 are arranged lockers for the students' use ; and there is 
 also on this floor a room for a branch of the Harvard 
 Cooperative Society. A smaller iron stairway and the 
 elevator shaft are placed in a fire-proof structure behind 
 the central hall and the galleries. 
 
 The second story is devoted to the Departments of 
 Physiology and Chemistry. On the right is the main 
 chemical laboratory and the private work rooms of the 
 Professors of Chemistry and their assistants. . On the 
 left are the physiological laboratory and the large lecture 
 room used by the two departments : this room is arranged 
 
136 
 
 as an amphitheatre, and has a seating capacity of 200. 
 In the mezzanine story above the second floor are the 
 private laboratories of the Professor of Physiology, faci- 
 lities for special research, and smaller laboratories for 
 clinical microscopy and hematology. 
 
 The Warren Anatomical Museum is placed in a room 
 occupying two thirds of the front of the third story. It 
 contains about 10,000 specimens, fully illustrating nor- 
 mal and pathological anatomy and materia medica. 
 Numerous dissections, corrosive preparations, frozen sec- 
 tions, and large models of the bones, made under Pro- 
 fessor D wight's direction, are found in the normal division. 
 In addition, Professor Dwight has prepared a collection of 
 bones, illustrating the variation in individuals. Diseased 
 bones and organs which show changes in shape, size, or 
 structure are preserved in alcohol or dried ; those in which 
 the color is of especial importance are prepared by the new 
 method of Kaiserling. During the year 1897-98 more 
 than 200 were put up in this way, and in 1898 the color 
 of these had still kept well. There are also many 
 skulls of different races, and rare and unique specimens. 
 Among the latter is the celebrated " crow-bar skull." 
 This came from a man who, while tamping a blast, 
 received the accidental discharge of an iron, which passed 
 completely through his head, destroying a portion of the 
 left frontal lobe of the brain. He recovered, and lived 
 for 13 years with no impairment of his faculties. The 
 room is open during the day to students and visitors, and 
 every facility is offered to the visitor for the study of the 
 specimens both in and out of the cases. 
 
 The Exeter Street side of the third story is occupied 
 by two large lecture rooms ; on the opposite side is the 
 
138 
 
 amphitheatre used for the lectures in anatomy and sur- 
 gery. Beneath the rising tiers of seats are the private 
 rooms of the Professor of Surgery and the Assistant 
 Professor of Anatomy ; in the rear of this floor are the 
 rooms of the Demonstrator of Anatomy and his assist- 
 ants. 
 
 The mezzanine story above the third floor contains only 
 the private room of the Professor of Anatomy ; the re- 
 maining space is devoted to the large lecture rooms of 
 the third story. 
 
 The front of the fourth story is devoted to the Depart- 
 ment of Histology and Embiyology ; the remaining room 
 is used by the Professors of Anatomy and of Clinical 
 Surgery. The dissecting room occupies the Exeter Street 
 side ; it is lighted from the roof as well as through the 
 side walls. There are accomodations for 18 tables. In 
 the rear of the dissecting room is a small amphitheatre for 
 lectures, and the macerating room and the other work- 
 rooms of the Department of Anatomy. The large ana- 
 tomical amphitheatre rises through this story to the roof 
 of the building. The basement contains, in addition to 
 the heating and ventilating plant, ample provisions for 
 cold storage. 
 
 The building as originally planned proved to be inade- 
 quate for the increasing needs of the School, and in 1890, 
 the generosity of Henry Francis Sears, an alumnus of the 
 College and the School, enabled the President and Fellows 
 to build an addition to the main building, providing for 
 the especial needs of the Department of Pathology. The 
 basement is fitted up for the care of animals and for the 
 storage of material. The first story is assigned to the 
 Professor of Bacteriology, and is used chiefly for gradu- 
 
139 
 
 ate and special instruction. The second and third stories 
 are devoted to pathology and pathological history. 
 
 THE DENTAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The Harvard Dental School was instituted by vote of 
 the President and Fellows of Harvard College, July 17, 
 1867. In 1865 Dr. Nathan Cooley Keep had, in his 
 annual address before the Massachusetts Dental Society, 
 of which he was then President, suggested the need of a 
 Dental School in connection with Harvard University ; 
 and thus the movement which resulted in the establishment 
 of the School took its beginning. The first session of 
 the School opened on the first Wednesday in November, 
 1867, and continued until the following March. The first 
 examination of candidates for the degree of the School 
 was held March 6, 1869. 
 
 The School building, formerly used by the Medical 
 School, is situated on North Grove Street, Boston. The 
 building is three stories in height. The first floor contains 
 the chemical laboratory, provided with 140 desks, the 
 Janitor's rooms, and the store room. The second floor 
 is used for the mechanical laboratory, the waiting room, 
 the anaesthesia and the surgical rooms, lecture rooms, and 
 the office. The large lecture room has a seating capacity 
 of 300. On the third floor are two operating infirmaries, 
 B and C, an office, and a surgical room. Each of the 
 infirmaries has 27 operating chairs; the surgical room 
 is provided with a surgical chair, cases, and instruments. 
 The fourth floor contains a surgical clinic room. 
 
 The museum of the School is situated on the third floor 
 and contains, in properly arranged cabinets, specimens 
 
140 
 
 of comparative anatomy, materia meclica, mechanical 
 pieces, dental and surgical instruments, pathology, 
 orthodontia carving, etc. Included in the specimens 
 of comparative anatomy are 24 Hawaiian skulls, more 
 than 1500 years old, found in the caves of the Hawaiian 
 Islands, which show many of the modern diseases known 
 to dentistry. The total number of specimens in the 
 museum is more than 3000. The library, which is in 
 process of formation, contains some 130 bound volumes, 
 together with many pamphlets. 
 
 THE SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 
 
 The School of Veterinary Medicine was opened in the 
 year 1882-83. It is situated at and near the corner of 
 Village and Lucas Streets, Boston, and occupies for pur- 
 poses of instruction and for hospital purposes two brick 
 buildings. In a third building a Free Clinic is maintained 
 in connection with the School. 
 
 The objects of the Corporation and the Overseers in 
 organizing this School were to provide a thorough training 
 for veterinary practitioners, and to lay the foundations of 
 an advanced school of comparative medicine. From the 
 beginning the School has been fostered and aided by the 
 Faculty of Medicine. 
 
 The Lucas Street Building contains a dissecting- 
 room, extending upward through two complete stories of 
 the building in order to secure good ventilation and 
 shadowless light ; a lecture room ; a reading room, open 
 to members of the various classes ; a museum ; bed 
 rooms for house-surgeons ; etc. 
 
141 
 
 The Village Street Hospital was established in 
 1883, a year after the foundation of the School, for the 
 treatment and observation of sick animals ; its wards 
 and cases are used by students precisely as hospitals for 
 man are used by students in medicine. It contains an 
 operating room and wards. Separate wards are provided 
 for dogs. 
 
 A Forge has been established, to which students have 
 access at all times, and in which it is possible for them 
 to obtain instruction in horse-shoeing, if they so desire, 
 although a practical training in this is not considered a 
 necessary part of the education of a veterinary physician. 
 The theory of shoeing is, however, thoroughly taught. 
 
 THE BUSSEY INSTITUTION. 
 
 The School of Agriculture and Horticulture, known as 
 the Bussey Institution, was established in execution of 
 trusts, created by the will of Benjamin Bussey, bearing 
 date of July 30, 1835. The School, which is situated at 
 the outer edge of Jamaica Plain, close to the Forest Hills 
 stations of the Electric Raihvay and the New York, New 
 Haven, and Hartford Railroad, was opened in 1871-72. 
 
 The large stone building of the Institution contains 
 lecture rooms, recitation rooms, and laboratories for 
 instruction in agriculture and horticulture, and in natural 
 history and chemistry, as applied to those arts. It con- 
 tains, also, a library of some 3700 volumes relating chiefly 
 to agriculture and horticulture. The greenhouses afford 
 opportunity for teaching the manual operations of horti- 
 culture and for supplying plants and flowers for use in 
 teaching the botanical classes in this and other depart- 
 
THE BUSSEY INSTITUUION. SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
 THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM. MUSEUM. 
 
143 
 
 merits of the University. The nurseries and park-like 
 plantations of the Arnold Arboretum are adjacent to the 
 buildings of the School and serve to supplement its 
 teachings. 
 
 Connected with the School is a farm, on which forage 
 is grown and animals are kept. 
 
 The students of this School include persons intending- 
 to become farmers, gardeners, foresters, florists, land- 
 scape gardeners, managers or stewards of large estates or 
 of parks, towns, highways or public institutions, overseers 
 of farms, and owners of rural property. 
 
 THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM. 
 
 The Arnold Arboretum, a living museum of trees and 
 shrubs, is managed by a director who is also Professor of 
 Arboriculture. It occupies 220 acres of land in Jamaica 
 Plain, near the Forest Hills station of the New York, 
 New Haven, and Hartford Railroad, with two entrances 
 from the Parkway of Boston, which forms its eastern 
 ' boundary, and others from Centre Street, Walter Street, 
 and South Street, Jamaica Plain. It was established in 
 1872 by an arrangement between the President and Fel- 
 lows and the trustees under the will of James Arnold, 
 of New Bedford, the President and Fellows furnish- 
 ing about 120 acres of land which formed part of the 
 so-called Bussey Farm bequeathed to them by the late 
 Benjamin Bussey, and Mr. Arnold's trustees an endow- 
 ment of $100,000, which has since been increased by 
 accumulated income and other gifts to $170,000. By 
 another arrangement, made subsequently with the City of 
 Boston, the Arboretum is open to the public every day in 
 
144 
 
 the year from sunrise to sunset, and the city, through its 
 Park Commissioners, has built roads and walks in the 
 Arboretum and supplies the police force necessary for its 
 protection. Additional land was also acquired by the 
 city and added to the Arboretum, which in 1894 was 
 further enlarged by the President and Fellows with 75 
 acres of ground belonging to the Bussey Farm. 
 
 The Arboretum is now traversed by between three and 
 four miles of park roads, along which all the trees hardy 
 in the climate of eastern Massachusetts are arranged in 
 great open groups of genera, American species being 
 followed first by European and then by Asiatic species. 
 These tree groups are bordered by shrubs, as far as pos- 
 sible of the same related genera, and in a special collec- 
 tion, occupying several acres near the entrace from the 
 Forest Hills station, all the shrubs hardy in this climate 
 are arranged in parallel beds, according to their botanical 
 relationships. The Arboretum also contains large areas 
 of woodland, — in the management of which the object 
 sought is the production of the greatest natural beauty, — 
 and many fine native trees. From its two high hills 
 views of the distant country and of the City of Boston 
 and its harbor can be obtained. 
 
 The Arboretum is equipped with a herbarium of ligneous 
 plants preserved in a fireproof building ; this contains 
 very full sets of specimens of all North American trees 
 and is rich in the t3'pes of the woody vegetation of the 
 whole northern hemisphere ; the dendrological library of 
 nearly 7000 volumes and several thousand pamphlets is 
 believed to be unrivalled in its completeness. Special 
 students in dendrology are received at the Arboretum, 
 and every spring and autumn popular lectures are given, 
 
145 
 
 largely to teachers ; but it is principally managed as a 
 station for scientific research into the character, the dis- 
 tribution, and the uses of hardy trees and shrubs, and of 
 the best methods for their cultivation. 
 
 PLAYGROUNDS AND BUILDINGS FOR 
 ATHLETICS. 
 
 The Soldiers' Field, containing 20 acres, situated 
 in Allston, a part of Boston, just beyond the Charles 
 River, was given to the College in 1890 by Henry Lee 
 Higginson, of the Class of 1855. It is the chief play 
 ground of the students. 
 
 A shaft near the entrance to the field bears this inscrip- 
 tion : — 
 
 TO THE 
 
 HAPPY MEMORY OF 
 
 JAMES SAVAGE 
 
 CHARLES RUSSELL LOWELL 
 
 EDWARD BARRY DALTON 
 
 STEPHEN GEORGE PERKINS 
 
 JAMES JACKSON LOWELL 
 
 ROBERT GOL'LD SHAW 
 
 FRIENDS COMRADES KINSMEN 
 
 WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY 
 
 THIS FIELD IS DEDICATED BY 
 
 HENRY LEE HIGGINSON 
 
 though love repine and reason chafe 
 there came a voice without reply 
 'tis man's perdition to be safe 
 when for the truth he ought to die 
 
146 
 
 Other play grounds are Holmes Field, adjacent to the 
 Gymnasium and the Carey Building, and Jarvis Field, 
 a few hundred feet from Holmes Field. Holmes Field 
 has an unencumbered area of about five acres ; Jarvis, 
 of about four acres. The latter is used exclusively for 
 tennis. 
 
 The Weld Boat House, the gift of George Walker 
 Weld, of the Class of 1860, was built and equipped with 
 boats in 1889-90. It is intended especially for the use 
 of students not rowing on the 'Varsity Crew or the Class 
 Crews, and contains about 324 lockers, besides shower- 
 baths, etc. 
 
 The University Boat House, a short distance 
 down-stream from the Weld Boat House, is for the use 
 of the 'Varsity Crew and the Class Crews. 
 
 The Locker Building, on the Soldiers' Field, was 
 erected by subscriptions from alumni in 1893-94. It 
 contains shower-baths, and. 1500 lockers. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Appleton Chapel 22, 49 
 
 Arboretum, Arnold 143 
 
 Arc Lamp Room 76 
 
 Architectural Building 80 
 
 Astronomical Observatory 115 
 
 Austin Hall (The Law School) 133 
 
 Boat House, University 146 
 
 Boat House, Weld 146 
 
 Botanic Garden Ill 
 
 Botany, Laboratories of Cryptogamic, Phanerogamic, and 
 
 Economic , 105 
 
 Botany, Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology 114 
 
 Boylston Hall (The Chemical Laboratory) 22, 44 
 
 Bussey Institution (Agriculture) 10, 141 
 
 Carey Building 82 
 
 Catalogue and descriptive pamphlets 11 
 
 Chemical Laboratory (Boylston Hall) .......... 44 
 
 "College Hall," first 14 
 
 College House 38 
 
 Conant Hall 87 
 
 Dane Hall 17, 21, 38 
 
 Dental School 9, 139 
 
 Divinity Hall 133 
 
 Divinity Library Building 131 
 
 Dynamo Laboratory (Scientific School) 74 
 
 Electrical Engineering Laboratory 74 
 
 Engineering Laboratory 78 
 
 Fine Arts Drawing Boom 49 
 
 Fogg Art Museum, The William Hayes 22, 52 
 
 Geography, Laboratories of 102 
 
 Geology, Laboratories of 99 
 
 Glass Elowers 106 
 
148 
 
 Gore Hall (The College Library) 21, 119 
 
 Gray Collection of Engravings 55 
 
 Gray Herbarium 113 
 
 Grays Hall 14, 22, 36 
 
 Gymnasium, The Hemenway 86 
 
 Harvard Hall 15, 18, 28, 122 
 
 Harvard, Statue of John 73 
 
 Hastings Hall, Walter 82 
 
 History, Foundation and Development of Harvard University 3-11 
 
 History, The College Yard 12-23 
 
 Holden Chapel 17, 32 
 
 Hollis Hall 18, 31 
 
 Holworthy Hall 20, 34 
 
 Holyoke House 38 
 
 Hydraulic Plant 79 
 
 Hygiene, Laboratory of (Scientific School) 76 
 
 Instrument Rooms, Scientific School 74, 75 
 
 Jefferson Physical Laboratory 83 
 
 Johnston Gate, The 25 
 
 Law School (Austin Hall) 7, 133 
 
 Lawrence Scientific School Building 73 
 
 Library 119 
 
 Library, Bussey Institution (Agriculture) 141 
 
 Library, Child Memorial (English) 47 
 
 Library, Classics 30 
 
 Library, Dental School 140 
 
 Library, Divinity School 131 
 
 Library, Engineering 74 
 
 Library, French 49 
 
 Library, Germanic Languages and Literatures 47 
 
 Library, Gray Herbarium (Botany) 114 
 
 Library, History and Government 31 
 
 Library, Indo-Iranian Languages 48 
 
 Library, Law School 133 
 
 Library, Music 40 
 
 Library, Political Economy 31 
 
 Library, Romance Philology 47 
 
 Library, Semitic Languages and Literatures 48 
 
 Library, University Museum 90 
 
149 
 
 Locker Building 146 
 
 Massachusetts Hall 16, 28 
 
 Materials, Laboratory for testing 79 
 
 Matthews Hall 21,23,38 
 
 Medical School 8, 135 
 
 Memorial Hall 23, 56 
 
 Meyer Gate, The 26 
 
 Mineralogy and Petrography, Laboratories of 100 
 
 Museum, Botanical 90 
 
 Museum, Comparative Zoology 90 
 
 Museum, Mineralogical 90 
 
 Museum, Peabody, of American Archaeology and Ethnology 90, 107 
 
 Museum, Semitic 90, 109 
 
 Museum, University . 87 
 
 Museum, University. Diagrams of Floors showing Collections, 
 
 Laboratories, etc 93-98 
 
 Museum, Warren Anatomical 136 
 
 Natural History Laboratories 90 
 
 Observatory, Astronomical 115 
 
 Palaeontology, Laboratory of 102 
 
 Perkins Hall 87 
 
 Phillips Brooks House 22, 32 
 
 Photometer Room 76 
 
 Physical Laboratory, The Jefferson 83 
 
 Psychological Laboratory 40 
 
 Rogers Building 78 
 
 Randall Collection of Engravings 55 
 
 Sanders Theatre 56, 65 
 
 Sever Hall 22, 47 
 
 Soldiers' Field 145 
 
 Steam Engineering Plant 79 
 
 Storage Battery Room ' 76 
 
 Stoughton Hall 15,19,32 
 
 Thayer Hall 23, 36 
 
 University Hall 20, 26 
 
 Veterinary School 9, 140 
 
 Wadsworth House 17, 44 
 
 Weld Hall 23,36 
 
 Zoology, Laboratories of 103