.^.^\* ^. A -"-x^.im^ w^. ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT ^^ Unconditional Surrender " John Hancock )i[^^| Mutual Life Insurance Company ifl g fi ii I p.|| Boston, Mass, /^ilillj THE OLD RELIABLE COMPANY ULYSSES SIMPSONV^ GRANT / Unconditional Surrender ' ' By Mabel Mason Carlton *•* Life Insurance Company^ «E Boston. Massachusetts THE OLD, RELIABLE COMPANY y^ /:^^^^>-t^z^ I 'BELIEVE you are as hrave, patriotic, and just as the great prototype Washington, as unselfish, kind-hearted, and honest as a man should be; but the chief characteristic is the simple faith in success you have always mani- fested which I can liken to nothing else than the faith a Christian has in a Savior, ^^ — General Sherman to General Grant. HAR-3 73. ©C1A700256 ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT ONE hundred and one years ago, Ulysses Simpson Grant, Gen- eral-in-Chief of the Union Army during the Civil War, and the eighteenth President of the United States, was born on April 27, 1822, at Point Pleasant, Ohio, a pioneer settlement a few miles southeast of Cincinnati. He was christened "Hiram Ulysses" — the name Ulysses having been drawn from a hat at a family gathering shortly after his birth — but when he went to West Point he was registered as "Ulysses Simpson," his name in history. As a boy he was called "Useless" by the neighbors who did not understand the shy, quiet youth; as a cadet at West Point he was nicknamed "Uncle Sam" by his classmates; as a general he was spoken of as "Uncon- ditional Surrender" by his soldiers. When Ulysses was about a year old, his father moved to George- town and set up in business for himself as a tanner. Here the Grants lived until Ulysses went to school. The home had few material comforts. The small brick house, which was enlarged from time to time as the Grant business and family grew, had bare walls, crude furniture, and a great open fireplace. Save for a few sermons, hymn-books, and a Life of Washington, there were no books in the household. But it was a happy and contented family. ^ Later Grant wrote: "I have no recollection of ever having been punished at home either by scolding or by the rod." "He never heard a harsh word from either father or mother, or knew either to do an unjust act." The elder Grant soon purchased a farm near the village, and before Ulysses was eight years old, he hauled all the wood used in the house and at the tannery. Like most lads of the frontier. Grant's boyhood days were full of outdoor activity. He was an expert swimmer, diver, and rider. He loved horses. At nine he had a horse of his own. At ten he often drove a team of horses alone to Cincinnati, forty miles away, and brought home a load of passengers. At eleven he earned his first money by hauling a load of rags to Cincinnati and selling it for fifteen dollars. He performed stunts when riding, taught horses to pace, and broke them to harness. "If I can mount a horse I can ride him," was his truthful boast. Of his life between the ages of eleven and seventeen, Grant writes: "I did all the work done with horses, such as breaking up the land, furrowing, ploughing corn and potatoes, bringing in the crops when harvested, hauling all the wood, besides tending two or three horses, a cow or two; and sawing wood for the stove." Education GRANT first attended the village school, and then spent two terms in private schools at Maysville and at Ripley; but his learning here was limited to reading, writing, and arithmetic. He was a fair pupil; too much in love with the outdoors and his horses to be greatly interested in books. Although slow, very quiet, and modest, he was determined, decisive, and self-reliant when he once made up his mind. He soon loathed the tannery, and early decided to become a trader or farmer or to seek an education. His father became more and more prosperous; and, desiring very much that his son be educated, he sought an appointment for Ulysses to West Point Military Academy. No one was more surprised than Ulysses himself, when, at the age of seventeen, he was accepted at West Point. At the Academy he was above the average in mathematics and draughting, but in other studies, especially French, he did not rank so high. He did enjoy literature, and at the Academy library he read Bulwer, Cooper, Scott, and Irving. Many of his fellow cadets admired the coming General, and later wrote of him: "I never heard him utter a profane or vulgar word," "A perfect sense of honor," "A clear thinker and a steady worker," "A very much liked sort of youth," "He never held his word light, he never said an untruthful word even in jest." In one thing, however, he excelled. He was the most daring horseman in the Academy. The following story is told of his West Point days: "The class, still mounted, was formed in a line through the center of the hall. The riding-master placed the leaping-bar higher than a man's head, and called out, 'Cadet Grant!' A clean- faced, slender, blue-eyed young fellow, weighing one hundred and twenty pounds, dashed from the ranks on a powerfully built chestnut sorrel horse and galloped down the opposite side of the hall. As he turned at the farther end and came into the stretch across which the bar was placed, the horse increased his pace, and measuring his strides for the great leap before him, bounded into the air and cleared the bar, carrying his rider as if man and beast had been welded together. The spectators were speechless." When he was graduated from West Point in 1843, at the age of twenty-one, Grant was number 21 in a class-roll of 89. War with Mexico "D ECAUSE there were not enough troops for the officers graduated ■'-' from West Point, Grant was assigned as a "supernumerary" to his regiment, with the rank and pay of a second lieutenant, and was ordered to Jefferson Barracks, near St. Louis. After nine months of garrison life — months full of discontent for him, because he did not like being idle — he was ordered south with his regiment (May, 1844), to aid in quieting Mexico. Before war against Mexico was declared, his regiment lay in camp over a year at Fort Salubrity, and waited for two months in barracks in New Orleans. In May, 1846, he fought in the battle of Palo Alto, and September, 1847, he entered Mexico City, "after having been in all the battles possible for one man." As a reward for daring and distinguished service, he was given the rank of first lieutenant, and then that of captain, although the latter commission came the day he resigned from the service. Early in the War with Mexico he was made regimental quartermaster, but he would not stay out of action. *'At Monterey, he mounted a horse, left camp, rode to the front, and joined the charge — the only mounted At Monterey man and thus a special target. When ammunition was low and there was a call for a volunteer to take out a message asking for new supplies, ... he dashed down the empty street, within the range of fire from every side, leaped a four-foot wall and delivered his appeal." Years later when an officer asked him if he ever felt fear on the battlefield, he replied, "I never had time." Grant was a practical and efficient quartermaster. "At Tacu- baya and at Monterey he rented bakeries and ran them for the benefit of the regiment." "In two months," he said, "I had more money for the regimental fund than my pay amounted to during the entire war." The Mexican War was a great training school for Grant. It taught him many lessons on feeding and clothing an army that served him well in the Civil War. He saw officers leading their men in battle, and the scenes fixed themselves in his mind, and came back to him as, years later, he led his own great army against Lee. A Soldier in Peace-Time AFTER the War with Mexico, Grant, as quartermaster, was stationed at Sackett's Harbor on Lake Ontario for a winter, for two years he was located at Detroit, the regimental headquarters, and then after another winter at Sackett's Harbor, he was ordered to California with his regiment in 1852. On the Pacific coast. Grant first served at Vancouver on the Columbia, then at Humboldt, where he was finally given his captaincy. Grant was not happy in the army in peace-time. He longed for the home-life and com- panionship of his wife and small sons. His pay as a lieutenant was scarcely enough to support his wife and babies back in Missouri. His restlessness increased and he resigned from the army, his resignation to take effect July 31, 1854, the same day he accepted the commission as captain. He had worn his uniform eleven years, and he was now happy to put it aside and, at the age of 32, to begin life as a private citizen. Back in Missouri with his wife and two small sons, he settled on an unbroken tract of eighty acres of land, which Mrs. Grant's father had given her as a wedding present. Grant "cleared it, built him a log cabin out of trees he felled and hewed himself, and with grim humor called the new estate 'Hard Scrabble.' He worked hard for a living, peddled grain and cordwood in St. Louis for ready money, grubbed stumps, bought hogs at sale . . . He was more thrifty than his neighbors and showed more ingenuity." Finally his health became poor and he traded his farm for a little frame house in St. Louis and went into the real estate business with a cousin. It is said that "he was too soft-hearted to collect rents from hard- pressed tenants." Then he was a clerk in the customhouse for a month, and afterward went to Galena, Illinois, to work with two brothers, Simpson and Orvil, in their father's wholesale leather business, "to stay until something better should turn up." "Ulysses served as clerk because he was good at figures; . , . He was allowed eight hundred dollars salary, and drew seven hundred more to pay obligations in St. Louis, a sum which he paid back afterwards. He had a comfortable little house . . . wore an old blue army coat . . , traveled to Iowa and Wisconsin once to buy hides . . . *In my new employ I have become pretty conversant,' he wrote in December, 1860, 'and am much pleased with it. I hope to be partner pretty soon.' " But within a short time Civil War was declared and Lincoln issued a call for troops. Civil War WHEN war between the Southern Confederacy and the Northern States broke out in 1861, Ulysses Simpson Grant was thirty- nine years old. He hastily uniformed and drilled a volunteer com- pany from Galena, took it to Springfield, and presented it to the Governor. At Springfield he was placed in the Adjutant-General's office as clerk. For some time he stuck to this simple task and showed such familiarity with military affairs that he was made "drill-master at outlying camps," then "mustering officer and aide." These were humble tasks for a man of his military training, but it is said that "he never asked for an appointment or promotion which he obtained," and that he never shirked a task, small or great, which came his way. "Hard Scrabble' His hope of a command was realized on June 16, 1861, when he received the following order: "You are this day appointed Colo- nel of the twenty-first Illinois Volunteers and requested to take command at once." A month earlier the newly appointed Colonel had mustered in a regiment of raw country boys camped near Mattoon, and these boys petitioned the Governor to give them this silent but effective little soldier as their leader. That is how Grant came by his first regiment. He drilled and disciplined his men for a month, then, when orders came for him to proceed to Missouri, he marched his men across country for practice instead of waiting for a train. His regiment did police duty in Missouri at Ironton, Jefferson City, and Mexico. In August, 1861, almost at the beginning of the war, Grant was recognized as a worthy leader and was commissioned Brigadier- General. Grant's first real fighting of the war came in November, 1861, when he left Cairo (where the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers meet, and where he had been placed in command), went down the river, attacked and overcame the Southern force at Belmont, opposite Columbus. As he was withdrawing, one of his aides exclaimed, "We are surrounded." The sturdy Grant replied, "Well, we must cut our way out as we cut our way in," and forced his men back to the boats, he with "his horse shot under him, embarking last of all," and returned rejoicing to Cairo. Weeks of inaction, except for the constant drilling of his men, were to follow for Grant before his victory at Donelson, the first important success of the Northern troops during the war. The Confederates held two important forts. Fort Henry on the Tennessee River, and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River. After Com- modore Foote, with seven gunboats, had taken Fort Henry, Grant with his troops began a siege of Donelson, and after three days of desperate fighting, received from Buckner, the Southern Commander, a flag of truce and a request for terms. Grant sent back his famous reply, which electrified the North: "No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." Buckner accepted his terms. By this brilliant accomplishment of February 16, 1862, Grant became the military idol of the day. His countrymen nicknamed him "Unconditional Surrender" Grant, and his name was their rallying ]cry. It has been written of the victory at Donelson, "Grant made (■it. and it made Grant." Lincoln, recognizing his ability, now recommended Grant for the commission of major-general of volun- jfteers, dating from February 16, 1862. ^ Early the same spring, when the Confederates began to con- *centrate a large force at Corinth, Grant and his men camped near Pittsburgh Landing and awaited reinforcements from General Buell. On April 6, the Confederates, hoping to crush Grant before Buell ''could arrive, attacked him in what is known as the battle of Shiloh. vi Buell having arrived at the end of the first day's fighting, Grant [attacked the Confederates in the battle of Pittsburgh Landing and won a complete victory. An observer wrote of the battle of Shiloh: "I can recall only two persons who throughout a rattling fire of musketry always sat in their saddles without moving a muscle or winking an eye; one was a bugler and the other was General Grant. . . . He (Grant) rode from place to place wherever bullets flew and gave commands . . . in a low, vibrant, penetrating voice ... there was no mad rushing back and forth, no stirring calls J to action." Grant's next great victory did not come until the '5 following year. The Confederates held the city of Vicksburg, which controlled the lower Mississippi River. Grant, having completed his plans II for capturing this important city, made his first assault, which was not successful, in November of 1862, but he did not succeed in enter- ing the city until July 4, 1863, when Pemberton surrendered about 31,000 men and 172 pieces of artil- f lery. The story of how Grant in '{[ eighteen days "marched two hun- dred miles, won five pitched battles, took eight thousand prisoners and eighty cannon, scattered a hostile army larger than his own fighting on its chosen ground, and had the rebel army penned in Vicksburg" is one of amazing interest. General Sherman wrote: "The campaign of ^e sat immovably in Vicksburg, in its conception and his saddle execution, belonged exclusively to General Grant, not only in the great whole but in the thousands of its details ... no command- ing general of any army ever gave more of his personal attention to details, or wrote so many of his own orders, reports, and letters as General Grant." Upon learning of the capture of Vicksburg, Lincoln promoted Grant to the rank of major-general in the regular army and wrote to him: "I do not remember that you and I ever met personally. I write this now as a grateful acknowledgment for the most inestimable service you have done the country. I wish to say a word further. When you first reached the vicinity of Vicks- burg, I thought you should do what you finally did — march the troops across the neck, run the batteries with the transports, and thus go below; and I never had any faith, except a general hope that you knew better than I, that the Yazoo Pass expedition and the like could succeed. When you got below and took Port Gibson, Grand Gulf, and vicinity, I thought you should go down the river and join General Banks, and when you turned northward, east of the Big Black, I feared it was a mistake. I now wish to make the personal acknowledgment that you were right and I was wrong." The most completely planned of all Grant's battles was that of Chattanooga. After the battle of Chickamauga in September, when the Northern troops were driven back to Chattanooga and cut off from supplies. Grant was ordered to their relief and reached them on October 23, wet, dirty, and still on crutches, suffering from a crushed leg caused by a throw from his horse. Within five days there was no further danger of starvation, surrender, or retreat, so efficient was Grant in securing supplies and reinforcements. A month later, November 23, "Grant began the three days fight of Chattanooga . . . a feat unmarred in its perfection and as a spectacle unequaled in the history of war." On December 8, Lincoln sent Grant this telegram: "Understanding that your lodgment at Chattanooga and Knoxville is now secure, I wish to tender you, and all under your command, my more than thanks, my profound gratitude, for the skill, courage, and perseverance with which you and they, over so great difficulties, have effected that important object. God bless you all!" Congress revived the grade of lieutenant-general, which Washington had attained, and Lincoln gave the rank to Grant, making him General-in-Chief of all the armies of the United States on March 9, 1864. General-in-Chief MEMBERS of Grant's staff described him as: "Slightly stooped, five feet eight inches in height, weighing only a hundred and thirty-five pounds, modest and gentle in his manner," "His voice was exceedingly musical and one of the clearest in sound and most distinct in utterance that I have ever heard," "In utterance he was slow and sometimes embarrassed, but the well-chosen words never left the slightest doubt of what he meant to say " As Grant, now in command of more than half a million men, set out to crush the rebel armies and bring the war to a close, he bore with him these parting words of Lincoln: "If there is anything wanting which is within my power to give, do not fail to let me know. And now, with a brave army and a just cause, may God sustain you." Grant's task now was to capture Richmond, the Confederate Capital, and to destroy Lee's army. "For the first time since Civil War began, the keys controlling all the Northern forces were in a single hand, and when everything was ready for the word. Grant touched them all at once. From Culpeper, where he had pitched his tent, the signal flashed for every general to move on the 4th of May . . . From that time until the end. Grant kept his finger on the pulse of all his armies ... No other general since war was known had, while himself in action on the field, handled the maneuvers of so many armies scattered over so broad a territory and centered toward a common aim." The battles of the Wilder- ness, May 5 and 6, 1864; Spottsyl- vania. May 8 to 12; North Anna, May 21 to 26; and Cold Harbor, June 3, were the hardest Grant ever fought, but, after each, he advanced and Lee withdrew. These battles cost Grant dearly. There were times during the battle of the Wil- derness when defeat hovered near him, but he gave orders calmly; and when there was nothing more ^^^^^.^ headquarters in the to do but wait, "he went into his Wilderness tent and throwing himself face downward on his cot gave way to the greatest emotion." Another time, when Grant, with a loss of 18,000 men, had forced his way forward and held his advance, his men began to fear lest he might retreat, but the next night he was headed south toward Richmond. "As he rode in silence along his shattered ranks, his worn and wounded soldiers saw which way his face was turned and rose up from the ground with cheers." "I shall take no backward steps," wrote Grant, as day after day he hammered at the enemy. At Spottsylvania he wrote: "I propose to fight it out on this line if it takes all summer." After Cold Harbor, Grant and Lee never fought each other face to face. The summer passed, winter came and went, and still Grant held on. "He has the grip of a bull-dog," said Lincoln. "When he once gets his teeth in nothing can shake him off." It was not until April 3, 1865, that Richmond fell, and Lee, fleeing toward Lynchburg, found himself completely surrounded. On April 7, at five o'clock in the afternoon. Grant, believing further bloodshed wicked, wrote to Lee: "The result of the last week must convince you of the hopelessness of further resistance in this struggle, I regard it as my duty to shift from myself the responsibility of any further effusion of blood, by asking of you the surrender of that portion of the Confederate Army known as the Army of Northern Virginia." By agreement, the two opposing Generals met at Appomattox Court-House on April 9, 1865, and there Lee formally surrendered his army. When Grant's men learned of the surrender, they began to salute in honor of the victory, but Grant, hearing the first shot, ordered them to stop. So great was his feeUng for the defeated foe, that he did not wish to add to its distress. All the other Confederate armies soon surrendered, and the Civil War, which had lasted for four years, was at an end. "Unconditional Surrender" Grant was the hero of the war. President of the United States A FTER war ended. Grant busied himself in Washington for -^^ some time, canceling orders for munitions and army supplies, then he set out to disband the several armies. In 1866, Congress revived for him the grade of general, and on August 12, 1867, he was appointed acting secretary of war by President Johnson, and served until January, 1868. Grant continued to be the country's favorite leader, and on May 20, 1868, he was nominated for President of the United States by the unanimous vote of the National Union Re- publican Convention assembled in Chicago. Grant received word of his nomination at his old home in Galena, and in his letter of acceptance he penned the simple words, "Let us have peace," — "an appeal which went to the people's hearts and proved to be the rallying cry of the campaign." General Ulysses Simpson Grant was elected eighteenth President of the United States, and served two terms, eight years, from 1869 to 1877. This was the first strictly civil office he ever held. As he never held a council of war in the army, so now he asked no advice concerning his inaugural address or his cabinet. His two terms were marked by great achievements both at home and abroad. In Grant's inaugural, he expressed a desire for the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution, giving the negro the vote; a wish fulfilled in the first part of his administration. Grant was the first of our Presidents to take such an advanced step as to declare that he would favor any course toward the Indians which would tend to their civilization and ultimate citizenship, and under his guidance we have the "First serious attempt at humanitarian treatment of the Indian by the Government." To Grant must also go considerable credit for the prompt attention given the national debt. At the end of the war, the Government owed millions of dollars to its own citizens as well as to foreign countries. The very first act of the Congress which came into existence on March 4, 1869, — the day Grant was inaugurated — was a law which solemnly pledged the faith of the United States to the payment, in gold or its equivalent, of United States notes and all United States bonds, except those where the law per- mitting their issue called for pay- ment in "other currency than gold or silver." During Grant's ..j p^.^p^Z to fight it out on this line first two years the national debt if it takes all summer" was reduced $200,000,000, and by the end of seven years it was reduced by $435,000,000 and taxes were reduced by nearly $300,000,000. Reconstruction in the South gave Grant many difficult problems to solve. All the Southern States were taken back into the Union. But from time to time there were massacres, riots, and petty rebel- lions. During Grant's second term of office, there were racial and political uprisings in Louisiana, Mississippi, and southern Carolina, which he was forced to put down by the use of federal soldiers. Slowly but surely he succeeded in restoring order. In his second annual message to Congress, Grant complained of the great embarrassment of the President in appointing men to public offices. He recommended that Congress provide a means whereby the appoin-tment of public officials be based upon merit, thus displacing the so-called spoils system. A short time later he signed the first Civil Service Reform Bill ever passed by Congress. Perhaps Grant's greatest accomplishment as President was the establishment of the principle of arbitration between nations. During the Civil War, Great Britain had violated her neutrality by lending aid to the Confederate States. From time to time, now that peace had come, other questions with Great Britain were aris- ing. Grant, realizing that to go to war with England at this time would not be wise, named (February 9, 1871) five United States Commissioners to meet with British representatives to settle matters peaceably. The treaty drawn up by the British and American Joint High Commission was ratified by the Senate May 24, 1871. Great Britain paid $15,500,000 in gold to the United States for damage done by the ships Florida, Alabama, and Shenandoah during the war. "Thus Grant must have the credit for establishing the principle of arbitration in international disputes; for this was brought about by reason of the firmness with which he held_ to the validity of American demands. If anywhere along the line his conduct had been marked by vacillation, the result could not have been achieved. To him must also go the credit of being among the earliest to encourage the principle of a world's Congress, as afterwards embodied in the Hague Tribunal, when before the Arbitration Union in Birmingham he said: 'Nothing could afford me greater happiness than to know that, as I believe will be the case, at some future day, the nations of the earth will agree upon some sort of congress, which will take cognizance of international questions of difficulty, and whose decisions will be as binding as the decisions of our Supreme Court are upon us. It is a dream of mine that some such solution may be.' " Although one of the great generals in history, Grant loved peace. He sought by every possible means to keep his country safe and secure for the people. He believed that every citizen of America should know American customs, laws, and institutions. Grant was the first President to call emphatic attention to the danger of giving the vote to foreigners who did not know our language or institutions. He said: "Foreigners coming to this country to become citizens, who are educated in their own language, should acquire the requisite knowledge of ours during the necessary residence to obtain naturalization. If they did not take interest enough in our language to acquire sufficient knowledge of it to enable them to study the institutions and laws of the country intelhgently, I would not confer upon them the rights to make such laws or select those who do." Trip around the World AFTER his eight years as President, Grant made a trip around the world. Everywhere he was received with great acclaim. He visited London, every capital of Europe, and almost every important city. From Europe he went to Egypt, then to Asia, visiting the Holy Land, and later India, Siam, China, and Japan. He was welcomed and honored by kings, queens, emperors, the Pope — the rulers of the world. No American statesman had ever before been so lavishly received and entertained at royal courts the world round. In September, 1879, he reached California, and as his train crossed the conti- nent, he was cheered all along the ^^^^ "^^^ line by the hundreds of thousands ^^^ ^^^-^ -^^ of his countrymen who sought to ^^^X^^ ^WWWWW do him honor. ^■^^^xmiliXUm In Retirement WHEN Grant returned from his trip around the world, he had very little money left, and he was faced with the necessity of earning a living. He entrusted what property he had to one of his Grant's Tomb, New York sons who entered into business with Ferdinand Ward on Wall Street, New York. General Grant took no active part in the business, but he received large sums of money as his share of the earnings of the company, bought a handsome house in Sixty-sixth Street, near Fifth Avenue, New York, and was looking forvv^ard to ease and prosperity in his remaining years. Suddenly, almost without warning, the company failed and he was left penniless. ^ Surrounded by debts, overcome by failure, weakened by age and disease, Grant was again to face the world. He began by writing articles on the battles of Shiloh, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, and the Wilderness. As these were published and brought him money, he decided to write the complete story of his experiences, his Memoirs. During the winter of 1884, a cancer developed in his throat. In January, 1885, when the doctors told him that he could not recover, he was in mental agony lest he could not finish his Memoirs and thus restore his own good name, provide for his family, and repay those to whom he was indebted. He won the race. His story was finished early in the summer, and on July 23, 1885, he died. On August 8 he was buried in New York at Riverside Park, overlook- ing the Hudson, where a tomb of unusual beauty marks the grave. In Memoriam GRANT was a silent man. He seldom spoke except when spoken to; yet when he gave his word, he never failed to keep it. This habit of constancy contributed to his success as a leader of men. His soldiers trusted him implicitly. He gave his orders thoughtfully and directly, without undue excitement or harshness. Never once throughout the war did he complain to Lincoln or appeal to Con- gress. Concerning his own deeds. Grant was modest almost beyond belief. A friend once said, "I have tried to recall a single instance of conversation in regard to the late war when I had heard General Grant allude to himself, and I could not. I have heard him speak in most glowing terms of his comrades in arms. I believe that you might go to the White House and live with him and converse about the war day after day, and you never would know from anything he said that he was in the war at all." Great of heart, simple in manner, devoted to his country and his countr^«l|, GranL was hailed as the hero of his day, and is now honored ap6rf€rof Am|ricy5 greatest leaders and generals. ISSUE NO. 81— CoPYRiCHT, 1923 — JoMH Hancock Mutual Life Ims. Co.. Boston, Mass. President 1869-77 Presented by the Life Insurance Company OF Boston. Massachusetts ^^^^aw^ ^° ^^-^^ ^^^"^ ^ .^^-'z '^^^'"'^^ 'J^^: ^ v-^ ,J,v . , ^^•^^. C" * ,-^ . ; ^-n. l^ .^^ .^^