M,|ia,»»^i»«»*i ' i i >| y i iMVi m ii i i»i .»m l w iii« n .-'»» »w « " ' » »i M'wl |''.*'^' .P9E5 copy 2 Class Book.. CopyrigkNi COWRIGHT DEPOSm MAYORS OF PORTLAND, 1. A. L. EMERSON. 2. JONATHAN Dow. 3- JOHN ANDERSON. 4. LEVI CUTTKR. 5. J. C. ClIUKCIIir.I.. 6. E. GREKL^■. 7. J. B. Cahoon. 8. NEAL DOW. 9. Albion K. Parris. 10. JAS. T. Mcl. uBi;. n. William Willis. 12. JEDEDIAH JEWETT. 13. JOSEPH HOWARD. 14. W. W. THOMAS. 15. JACOB MCLELLAN. 16. A. E. Stevens. 17. Wm. I.. Putnam. 18. B. Kingsbury, Jr. 19. Geo. p. westcott. 20. R. M. Richardson. 21. Francis Fesshnden. Portland and Vicinity. BY EDWARD H. ELWELL. Kfustttttcb. PORTLAND, Me.: PUBLISHED I?V LORING, SHORT, & HARMON, and W. S. JONES. 1876. ^-jy\i^1- Entered accorfling to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by W. S. JONES, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. P01[TLAND }m \\m. CASCO BAY. The early voyagers, as they skirted along the shores of Maine, in the twilight hours of discovery, were charmed with its secure harbors and noble rivers, where sheltered groves and grassy banks lured them to the land. In the attractions of calm waters, and sunny isles clothed with a luxuriant forest, the bay of which we write excelled all others. Captain John Smith, the first of Maine tourists, in his account of his famous summer trip along our shores, in 1614, thus describes it : " Westward of Kennebec is the Country of Aticocisco, in the bottom of a deep bay full of many great isles, which divide it into many great harbors." This was Casco J3a>/, the present name of which is a corruption of the Indian word Aiccocisco, which, accord- ing to some authorities, signifies " a resting place," though others give it the interpretation of crane or heron. In view of the many halcyon retreats from toil and care which its islands afford, the former would seem to be the more appropriate designation, though the water fowl indicated by the latter still frequent the bay. One can imagine the delight, when this land was new and clothed with the glamour of surprise, of sailing from the surges of the Atlantic into the sheltered roadsteads of this bay, along the green shores of its forest-crowned islands and out-reaching peninsulas, far into the heart of the land, where the placid waters reflected in their cool depths the verdant foliage which over- hung them, in the silence and seclusion of a solitude unbroken save by the songs of birds of varied plumage flitting through " the forest primeval." No element of beauty was wanting to this miniature archipelago, and the native inhabitants, who had an eye for sunny spots and grassy glades, made it a place of frequent resort. They found in its waters an inexhaustible supply of provisions, and the evidences of their feasts still remain in the heaps of clam-shells found on the shores of the islands.' Here is a little bay, extending from Cape Elizabeth to Cape Small Point, a distance of about twenty-five miles, with a depth of about fifteen miles, more thickly studded with islands than any water of like extent on the coast of the United States. Unlike the low, sandy islands of the Massachusetts coast, these are of the most picturesque forms, while bold PORTLAND AND VICINITY. lieadlands and peninsulas jut far out into the waters. There is the greatest possible vai'iety in the forms and grouj^ijig of these islands. Some lie in clusters, some are coupled together by connecting sand-bars, bare at low water, while others are solitary and alone. Nearly all of them are indented with beautiful coves, and crowned with a mingled growth of maple, oak, beech, pine and fir, extending often to the water's edge, and reflected in many a deep inlet and winding channel. In the thick covert of the firs and spruces are many green, sunny spots, as sheltered and remote as if far inland, while beneath the wide-s23reading oaks and beeches are jileasant walks and open glades. These islands are of all sizes, from the little rocky islet, covered by the sea at high tide, to those which contain thousands of acres and hundreds of inhabitants. Though some of them present bold headlands, there is nothing barren or desolate in their aspect. For the most part they rise like mounds of verdui-e from the sea, forest-crowned, and from their summits one may behold on the one hand the waves of the Atlantic, breaking almost at his feet, and on the other, the placid waters of the bay, spangled by multitudi- nous gems of emerald, while in the dim distance he discerns, on the horizon, the sublime peaks of the White Mountains. It is imjDossible to conceive of any combination of scenery more charming, more romantic, more captiva- ting to the eye, or more suggestive to the imagination. It is a pojDular legend that the islands in Casco Bay number three hun- dred and sixty-five, a compliment to the days of the year which is also commonly attributed to Lake George, Lake Winnepesaukee, and several other bodies of water. Whence it had its origin it is impossible to say, since numerous as are these islands it is not difficult to count them. If we take down the chart and run our eye over it Ave see the islands fall naturally into three divisions or ranges, which we will set down in their order, beginning each with the island nearest Portland, and running eastward : Inner Range. — Mackay's, The Brothers (2), Ten Pound, Clapboard, Sturdevant, Basket, Cousins, Littlejohn's, Lane's, Moges' (2), Crab, Bibber's, Silver (4), two unnamed. Middle Range. — Hog or Diamond (2), Cow, Crow Knob, Chebeague (2), Crow, Irony, Goose Xest, Little Green, French, Whaleboat (2), Goose (2), Goslin (2), Shelter, Birch, White's, four unnamed. Outer Range. — House, Cushing's, Ram, Peaks', Pumpkin Knob, Over- set, Marsh, Long, Stepping Stones (3), Hope, Crotch, Jewell's, Sand, Outer Green (2), Broken Cave (3), Bates', Ministerial, Stave, Little Bangs, Stock- man's, Whale Rock, Haddock Ledge, Mark, Eagle, Upper Flag, Horse, Birch, Haskell's, Turnip, Jaquish, Bailey's, Orr's, Jebaskadiggin, Pond, Ram No. 2, Cedar (6), Elm (2), Ragged, Bold Dick, White Bull, Little Bull, Sisters (2), Mark No. 2, Brown Cow, Gooseberry, Wood (2), Burnt Coat, FOIiTLAND AND VICINITY. Jameson's Ledge, Lower P'^lag, Horse No. 2, Malaga, Bear, Rogue, one un- named, Jenny's, Yarmouth, two unnamed, Pote, Hopkins', Bateman's, Long No. 2, three unnumed. Here are one hundred and twenty-two ishmds and islets, and Ave have perhaps left uncounted many rocks and reefs which might be made to swell the number, but it probably would not extend beyond one hundred and fifty. Many of the names of these islands are curious. Some are derived from early j)roprietors, others owe their origin to some trifling incident or a characteristic feature, while a few, like Chebeague and Jebaskadiggin, are of the aboriginal tongue. They are all homely and unromantic enough, but are not easily changed. Hog Island, which, though so inelegantly named, is one of the most beautiful in the bay — "The gem of Casco's lovely isles," has been so called since 1634, though it is now beginning to be known as Diamond Island, a name long applied to the largest of its many coves. The bay is almost as remarkable for its peninsulas as for its many islands. At its Avestern extremity, between the sheltered waters of Fore River and Back Cove, extends the Neck on which Portland is built. At the eastern end the long narrow peninsula of Harpswell stretches far out into the quiet Avaters, flanked by many islands. The land here is very much broken, the islands cluster thickest, and the mainland reaches out many fingers, between Avhich creeks and inlets and tidal rivers extend far inland. The shore is fringed Avith picturesque " Points." The Presumpscot River brings doAvn in a full stream, the Avaters of Sebago Lake, and discharges them at a point a little north of Portland harbor. The Avaters of the bay present as many attractions to fishermen and sportsmen as do the islands to the seekers after health and recreation. The early voyagers found them full of fish. Hither came Capt. John Smith in pursuit of Avhales, though he caught not many. The early settlers, Avhen they met to talk over the wonders of the new land, told marvellous tales of the strange creatures found in the bay. Jocelyn, Avho Avas here in 1639, tells of one Mitton, a great fowler, who encountered a triton, or mereman, in its waters. As he Avas fetching a compass about a small island for the advan- tage of a shot, the creature laid its hands upon the side of the canoe, Avhere- upon the said Mitton actually chopped one of them off with a hatchet, and he solemnly averred that it Avas in all respects like the hand of a man. The triton presently sank, dyeing the waters Avith its i)urple blood, and unfortu- nately his like has never since been seen. Jocelyn, too, makes the first mention of the sea serpent on our coast, seen coiled up like a cable on a rock at Cape Ann. This monster must therefore be considered an ancient inhabitant of our Avaters, and Casco Bay is one of its favorite haunts. It has frequently been encountered off Cape Elizabeth, and we have good authority for saying that it has even paid our harbor a visit within a fcAV years past. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. On a ledge in the inner bay, off the shore of Falmouth, the seals still breed, and sport in the calm waters. More real is the presence of the pug- nacious sword-fish, in the pursuit of which our fishermen find not only sport but profit, since its flesh is by many esteemed a delicacy, and finds a ready sale in our market. Of the other edible fish there is great abundance and variety. The earliest inhabitants made great profit by catching fish and drying them on Richmond's Island, and for more than two hundred years House Island has been the scene of similar operations. Looking from some headland, on a bright summer day, it is a beautiful sight to see, on the horizon, the white sails of the mackerel fleet standing out against the blue sky. Here, too, the oleaginous porgy is pursued by steamers, while the fishermen catch for the market, cod, pollock, hake, haddock, and halibut. Along the rocky shore the cunner or sea-perch, best of pan fish, is caught, and furnishes the substantial dish of many a feast on the rocks, while in the creeks and inlets the silvery smelt abounds. Of sea fowl there is still no lack, though they are not so abundant as fifty or even twenty-five years ago, when off Bald Head, an outer promon- tory at the south-eastern extremity of the bay, flocks might be seen passing for days together. From the middle of April to the middle of May great numbers of old squaws (pin-tail ducks) fly into the bay in the morning, through Hussey's Sound, to feed, and out again at night, to rest on the ocean. Then the gunners station themselves in boats, in a line from Long Island to Peaks' Island, and shoot at the birds as they fly over. A few geese are occasionally shot, but the shooting of coots (surf or velvet ducks) affords more extensive sport than any other during April and May. These are shot over decoys and in flying past points of land and over bars. Bald Head is a great resort of sportsmen, for there the coots, which will not fly over the mainland when migrating, may be shot in passing. Walking along the solitary outer shores the lonesome cry of the loon is often heard, and they are sometimes seen in flocks of five or ten. The long legged heron may be met at times stalking along the shore in search of fish, and the ospray, or fishing eagle, builds its nest on some tall tree, and catches its prey by darting upon them when near the surface of the water. For many years this bay has been a pleasure ground, the resort of lovers of the picturesque, as well as those in pursuit of fish and game. How many pleasant associations cluster around the recollections of the pic-nic parties at Diamond Cove, or fishing excursions farther down the bay. Year by year the stream of summer visitors increases. An afternoon trip to the islands is the daily recreation of our citizens in the summer season. The extension of our railroad system now enables excursion parties, numbering many hundreds, to come from points fifty miles distant in the country and spend a day in the enjoyment of the refreshing sea breezes of our bay, returning home at night. From Canada and other distant points come PORTLAND AND VICINITY. visitors who make a longer stay, filling to overflowing the numerous hotels and boarding-houses on Cusliing's, Peaks', and Little Chebeague Islands, and finding health and recreation in sea bathing and fishing. Parties camping out dot with their white tents the shores of Little Diamond, Cushing's and Peaks', and the more distant and secluded islands of the bay. In the height of the season there have probably been at times as many as five hundred people camping out on the islands of Casco Bay. The building of summer cottages has begun, and before the lapse of many years it must become one of the most frequented summer resorts on our coast. Many steamers now fret its waters in the summer season, and fleets of pleasure yachts frequent its secure roadsteads. In beauty of scenery, in wide ocean views, healthful breezes, and facili- ties for boating, bathing and fishing, it offers a most desirable place for the recreation of visitors, and the happiness of its permanent inhabitants. How delightful to sail through this enchanting bay, steering now hither and now thither, as caprice impels or as perpetually changing views attract us. We may thread the intricate channels of the lower bay, where land and water mingle in delightful confusion ; we may sail through the calm waters of Broad Sound, past the out-lying Jewell's Island, where it is said Capt. Kidd buried a portion of that great ill-gotten fortune which he scat- tered so lavishly over the world ; we may pass into Luckses Sound in view of the lofty, forest-crowned Hope Island, and entering the passage between Long Island and Great Chebeague, — largest of the group, containing over two'thousand acres, — touch at Little Chebeague, and so skirting the shores of Long Island and crossing Hussey's Sound, catching a glimpse of Diamond Cove, that dimple of beauty in a Hog's snout, pass through Hog Island Ptoads, with the green shores of Peaks' Island on one hand and the rocky wall of Hog Island on the other, and entering Portland Harbor see, at its head, the city, like " a sea Cybele, fresh from oceau, llising with her tiara of proud towers, At airy distance, with majestic motion, A ruler of the waters and their powers." PORTLAND AND VICINITY. PORTLAND. HISTORY. Settled iu 1632 — Population, by census of 1S70, 3],41S; by school census of 1875, 34,420. Area, 16GG acres ; including islands, 4,000. North latitude 43 deg., 39 min., 27 sec. ; west longitude from Greenwich 70 deg., 15 min., 40 sec. Assessed valuation, 1875: real estate, $18,423,300; personal estate, !|12,619,201 — total, $31,042,501. The two centuries and a half which have nearly elapsed since the settle- ment of Portland may be divided into five periods, each endino; with an ^4^ _7 -«i!g Portland in 1632, with Cleeves and Tucker building the first log ho important event in its history. The first extends from -~ 1632 to 1690, and covers the time of settlement and of destruction by the Indians. At its beginning we find George Cleeves and Richard Tucker, driven by Robert Winter from the proprietors' lands at the mouth of the Spurwink, making a new home for themselves on the shores of the wooded peninsula jutting out into the quiet waters sheltered by Cape Elizabeth, on which now stands the city of Portland. Cleeves landed on the beach now covered by the made land of the Grand Trunk Railway, at a point a little east of the foot of Hancock street, where a small brook made its way into PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 9 the bay. Hei-e he built the first house and planted the first corn, his field extending westward to Clay Cove. Our first settler was a restless, ambi- tious and self-willed man, long prominent here ; his partner Richard Tucker was of a more quiet disposition, and attended to the trading, while Cleeves devoted himself to public affairs. At first they were squatters, but in 1687 Cleeves Avent to England and obtained from Sir Ferdinando Gorges, the pro- prietor of this part of Maine, a grant of the peninsula on Avhich he had built, and other neighboring lands and islands. These he proceeded to parcel out to settlers who sought the place, and a scattered community grew up on the edge of the wilderness. It was long without government, and the morals which prevailed were not of the highest order. The people devoted them- selves principally to fishing, and cheating the Indians in the purchase of their furs. Beaver skins constituted their chief currency. They were roughly clad and coarsely fed. They lived in temporary shelters of logs, filled in with clay, or in houses of one story, with thatched roofs and wooden chimneys. The had no roads, and when they traveled by land to Massachusetts they crept along the seashore on the beaches, which were the first highways. The settlement came to be known as Casco. In 1658 Massachusetts usurped the government of this territory and gave the name of Falmouth to the town, but this portion of it continued to be called Casco Neck until its incorporation as Portland in 1786. Falmouth comprised, in addition to the Neck, the territory now occupied by the towns of Cape Elizabeth, Deering, Westbrook and Falmouth. Of course with Massa- chusetts rule came the imperative order for the settlement of a minister, and the people built the first meeting-house on the point now occupied by the Portland Comi)any's works. There officiated the Rev. Mr. Burroughs, a man so amiable and generous-hearted that the enlightened people of Salem afterwards hanged him for a wizard. The settlement grew but slowly. In 1675 there were only forty fami- lies in tOAvn, of which but four or five lived on the Neck, then mostly covered with a dense forest. During these forty or fifty years the Indians, who from the first had received them hospitably, dwelt in peace with these new comers. In return, all along this coast, they had been outrageously wronged by vagabond and unprincipled white men, and at last the day of wrath came. In 1675 King Philip arose to avenge the wrongs of his The main road to Massachusetts. 10 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. First Church in Portland. people, and in the following year the blow fell upon Falmouth. All the settlements in the town were ravaged, and the inhabitants who had not previously sought refuge in more secure places were killed or carried into captivity, and the place was entirely de- stroyed. The town remained desolate until the peace of 107 8, when the inhabitants be- gan to return and build up the waste places. Fort Loyal, the largest fortification on the coast, was erected on a rocky eminence near the foot of India street, where the round- house of the Grand Trunk Railway now stands, and Falmouth became a frontier post. Government commissioners reallotted the land to new settlers, and the old proprietors quarreled with them about it. A new element in the population was added by the accession of a party of French Huguenots. The town began to prosper again. Mills were set up and inroads were made on the forest. Trade in fish and lumber was opened with the towns in Massachusetts. Roads were laid out, though they were mere foot-paths through the forest, — no vehicles having been introduced. In 1681 the first tavern was opened, and licensed to sell spirituous liquors, the intercourse ujj to this time having been so limited that no inn was needed. In 1688 the population had increased to six or seven hundred, compris- ing eighty families, twenty-five of whom were living on the Neck. Then came the second Indian war, caused partly by the failure of the English to fulfil their treaty stipulations with the In- dians, and partly by the instigation of the French. In 1689 the timely arrival of Major Church, with a force of volunteer troops and friendly Indians, saved the town from destruction. A battle was fought on the farm of Anthony Brackett, under Bram- hall's Hill, in which the Indians were de- feated and driven off, the whites suffering a loss of eleven killed and ten wounded. Next year, 1690, the French and Indians came down five hundred strong, killed Lieutenant Clark and his scouting party of thirteen men on Mun joy's Hill, captured Fort Loyal after a siege of five days, and carried Captain Davis, commander of the fort, and his surviving garrison captives to Quebec. Thus the Neck was again made desolate, became a thoroughfare for the savage and a resort for beasts of prey, and for many years was known only as " deserted Casco." The war continued until 1698, after which a few old settlers straggled back to their desolated homes. The center of j^opulation and defence now shifted to New Casco, a point of First Hotel in Portland. FOB TL AND AND VICINITY. 11 land east of the Presumpscot, where a fort was built in 1700. In 1703 the war broke out again, and in that year twenty-five persons were killed by the Indians on Purpooduck, at Spring Point, near where Fort Preble now stands. The town was now entirely deserted of inhabitants, and did not become the scene of further cruelties during the war. The second period begins with the resettlement of the town in 1715, and ends Avith its destruction by Mowatt in 1775. This was the era of colonial growth and prosperity. In 1717 one Ingersoll built a hut on the Xock, where he lived some time alone, being thence called Governor Inger- soll. In 1718 twenty families were settled there in a compact and defen- sible manner. They clustered principally about the foot of India (then called Broad) street, and eastward along the beach where had stood the houses of Cleeves and Munjoy. This continued to be the court end of the town until after the peace of 1783. The second meeting-house was erected at the corner of Middle and India streets, where Rev. Thomas Smith, in 1727, commenced his long ministry of over sixty-eight years. When the town Avas incorporated in 1718 the Neck, above Clay Cove, was all forest and swamp. A brook flowed from the northern part of Hampshire street into the cove, which was crossed by bridges on Fore and Middle streets, under which boats passed. There are men now living who remember the old bridge on Middle street. The passages were at first only trails or foot-paths through the woods, but gradually grew into streets, as vehicles requiring them Avere introduced, and they Avere named the Fore, the Middle, and the Back streets, the name of the latter, after the Revolu- tion, being changed to Congress street. In 1774 the territory was occupied as far westAvard as Center street, the upper portion of the Neck still being covered with woods ; this Avas at the close of a period of sixty years of steady groAvth. The Indians, broken and scattered, made peace in 1725, Avhich lasted for many years ; they dAvindled away by death and by emigra- tion to Canada. They took part against the English in the French wars of 1744 and the folloAving years, and Falmouth Avas frequently alarmed by their depredations in the neighborhood, but Avas never again seriously threatened by them. In 1755 it had ceased to be a frontier post, and was free from the alarm and danger to Avhich it had formerly been exposed. The people devoted themselves to the improvement of their condition ; ncAv mills AA^ere erected, and the forest as Avell as the sea Avas made a source of profit. At one time in the year 1727 there Avere thirty A'essels riding at anchor in the harbor of Falmouth. Commerce Avas reviving. The articles of export Avere fish, fur, and lumber. Population gradually increased ; in 1753 it numbered 720 souls on the Neck, and in the whole toAvn, 2,712, including 21 slaves. Parson Smith owning one. In 1774 the population of the Neck had increased to 2,000. The prosperity of the tOAvn was retarded by the frequent wars Avith the 12 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. French, into the spirit of which, however, our people heartily entered. They were Englishmen, and hated, of all things, the French, the Indians, and the Devil ; these Avere their Trinity of evil. They joined with Massa- chusetts in the capture of Louisburg, sending a company of fifty men, easilv enlisted. They had their dark and troubled times, often being in danger of starvation from their neglect to cultivate the land. Corn was imported from North Carolina, and potatoes from Massachusetts, and the arrival of a cargo of the former was often an occasion of great rejoicing. In 1737 Parson Smith writes in his journal : " There is no wood, little corn ; sad complaints every- where." At such times the sea was a great resource. In 1741 the Parson writes again : " The fish have but now struck in ; a great re- lief to people almost perishing." Still the town was growing, and trade increased. The English navy was supplied with masts fi-om our forests, the best pine trees being reserved for that pur- pose, and mai'ked with the broad arrow, which indicated that they were not to be taken for other purposes by the settlers. A trade with the West Indies also grew up. On November 1, 1766, six large ships Avere lying in the har- bor. At the commencement of the Revolution 2,555 tons of shipping were owned in Portland. With the development of trade, and the increase of wealth, distinctions of rank obtained betAveen the different classes of the community ; The King's Mark. "the quality" lookcd doAvn upon those engaged in mechanical employments, and disported themselves in cocked hats, bush wigs, and red cloaks. Dandies made themselves gorgeous in embi^oidered silk vests with long pocket flaps, and rufiles on their breasts and over their hands, and CA^en little boys had their heads shaved and Avore Avigs, as well as buckskin breeches, common to all. In the midst of increasing refinement and wealth came the great trial of the Revolution. Our people, Avho had fought the Indians and the French, were now brought into deadly conflict Avith their own countrymen. They were patriots and stood up boldly for their rights as freemen. When the news of the battle of Lexington reached Falmouth a strong company Avas immediately sent off to Cambridge; Avhen the hated stamps arrived they Avere seized and burned ; Avhen the tax was imposed upon tea it Avas resolved, in popular assemblage, "that Ave Avill not buy nor sell any India tea Avhatever " ; Avhen the English government closed the port of Boston in 1774, the bell of Falmouth meeting-house was muflied and tolled funereally rojriLAXD AM) VICINITY. 13 from sunrise to sunset. There were Tories in the town, but they were ont- numbered and put down. For these and other acts of patriotism the town suffered a terrible doom. Piqued at his capture and detention here the pre- vious spring, by a i)arty of militia from Brunswick, Captain Henry Mowatt returned in October, 1775, with a fleet of five war vessels, and on the eigh- teenth day of that month, a hundred and one years ago, laid the town in ashes. It was always regarded by the townsmen as his personal act, and it was one of great barbarity. The citizens nobly refused to give up their arms, and Mowatt opened liis batteries on the defenceless town, and not content with this sent parties on shore to fire the houses. The people fled in terror from their liomes, taking witli them what they could carry of their household goods. All the compact part of the town was destroyed, em- bracing 414 buildings, the whole loss being estimated at about £55,000 ; only 100 dwelling-houses were left standing, many of Avhicli were much (g^(ilTti0Mt| ^ire, rising to a height of one hundred and seventy-five feet, attracts the eye by its graceful proportions. This church, built of brick, with a heavy front of Ilallowell granite, or gneiss, 46 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. is seventy-three feet wide by ninety long, and lias two projecting towers. Witli its two arcades of five arches the facade is imposing and beautiful. The society worship})ing here is the old Second Parish (Congregational) Church, an offshoot of the First Parish in 1787, to which administered the Rev. Edward Payson for twenty years, — from 1807 to his untimely death in 1827, at the age of forty-seven years. After the old meeting- house was destroyed by the fire of 1866 it was resolved that the new church, built on a new site, should bear the name of the lamented pastor, the most eloquent preacher of his day. The present pas- tor, Rev. Dr. John J. Carru- thers, a native of Scotland, was installed August 9, 1846, and now, after a service of thirty years, — the longest settled minister in the city, — is still, in the seventy- sixth year of his age, an able and vigorous preacher of a stern and uncompromising faith. A few steps farther will bring us to the First Baptist Church, with its handsome Norman-gothic front of hewn Connecticut freestone, trim- med with olive freestone, elaborately carved and fin- ished about the windows, doors, and belt-courses. The style is massive and impos- _^ _,^ . _ ^j-. ^"J?' though the church sets ^"^"""^"^ "'~ low u])on the sidewalk. Payson Memorial (Congregational) Church. rpj^j^^ ^^^^ j^ ^ ^^^ ^^,^^_ tion, springing out of the ashes of the great fire of 1866. The society worshipping here was organized in 1801, and so restricted was freedom of religious opinion at that time, that as late as 1820 an Act of the Leg- islature was necessary to enable persons to leave any other society and join the First Baptist Society. The present pastor of the church, Rev. William H. Shailer, D. D., has had a successful pastorate of twenty-two years, — having been installed March 19, 1854. We are now opposite Lincoln Park, —which is rather a public square, — bounded by Congress, Franklin, Federal, and Pearl streets, and having PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 47 an area of little less than two and a half acres. It has a central fountain, which sends up its cooling jets on summer days, its greensward, its seats for loungers, its concrete walks, and its outlines of trees, which, with the aid of time, will afford both shade and beauty. Evening stroll- ers find it a pleasant resort, and children delight to sail their boats in the great basin of the fountain. This breath- ing place was appropriated from the thickly-settled por- tion of the city swept over by the fire of 1866. Stand- ing in its center, and sweep- ing around on all sides, the eye falls on no structure that stood prior to that year. The imposing City GoA'ern- ment Building, the handsome ^"^^^ Baptist church. churches just described, the Cathedral and Bishop's residence, the towering North School-House, the elegant private residences, — all to be seen from this point, — have sprung out of the ashes of the old city within the past ten years. We have noAv reached the corner of Franklin street, which runs straight across the city, and this is the only point, where, standing in the street, you can see, in a straight line, on one hand the waters of the har- bor, and on the other those of Back Cove. Here, too, we come upon the palatial residence of the Roman Catholic Bishop of the diocese of Maine and New Hampshire, — a brick edifice, in a pointed style of architecture; in the rear of which, with connecting chapel between, stands the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, fronting on Cumberland street. This is the largest and most costly church in Maine. It is one hundred and ninety- six by one hundred feet on the ground, and seventy feet in height. The slated spire — which is simply hideous, lapping over the tower like an ex- tinguisher on a candle, — rises to a height of two hundred and thirty-six feet, — being thus sixteen feet higher than Bunker Hill Monument. Out- wardly, the building is not so attractive in material as in form, being built of bricks considerably mortar-stained ; but its imposing bulk, in connection with its chapel, (which is itself a good-sized church, joined to it as an L, and opening into it near the grand altar), and the Bishop's Palace, — unique in architecture, and of great size, — form, together, the most marked feature 48 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. in the architecture of our city. As to the interior of the Cathedral, in sym- metry of projDortions and in elegance of decoration, it is surjjassed by few churches in the country. The lofty walls and graceful arches are covered with a wealth of harmonious colors, while the stained windows, rich with figures and emblems ; the elaborately ornate altar ; the great organ in the music-gallery, and the brilliant circular window behind it ; the shrine of the Vii-gin, with its arches and crowns of light on festal occasions, form, together, an imposing and beautiful spectacle. The first Roman Catholic Lincoln Park. Church was formed here in 1822. In 1828 St. Dominic's Church (since much enlarged) was built on State street. The diocese of Portland, in- cluding the States of Maine and New Hampshire, was formed in 1855, and the Right Rev. David Bacon, D. D., was aiDpointed Bishop. By this time St. Dominic's had become too strait to accommodate the rapidly in- creasing numbers of Catholics in Portland, and in 1857 the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was projected, and completed in 1869, being dedi- cated in September of that year with imposing ceremonies. Bishop Bacon PORTLAND AND VICINITY. irt of our Churches. 50 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. died, deeply lamented, in the year 1875, and the diocese is now in charge of Bishop Healey. We are now just opposite the head of Hampshire street, on the corner of which, in the days before the lievolution, stood the fashionable tavern of the town, kept by Widow Alice Greele. It was but a Ioav, one-storied structure, but was a famous place of resort for clubs and social })arties. Here the lawyers, traveling on circuit, were entertained ; here courts sat, and conventions were held ; and here the wags of the town resorted, and many a mug of " flip " was drank, and many a good joke cracked, in the days succeeding, as well as previous to, the Revolution, — for WidoAV Greele saved her house when Mowatt burned the town, by remaining in it and extinguishing the flames. When all around was burning, and cannon balls were hurtling through the air, she stood by her house and saved it from destruction. It was removed to Washington street about 1846. Strolling on, a few steps farther bring us to Locust street, and the little picturesque church of St. Paul's, built of our native slate-rock. This church, built after the fire of 1866 had driven St. Stephen's to the west end, took the name of an earlier Episcopal organization here, and bears on its walls the dates 1763-1868. It suffered a sad loss in the untimely and lamentable death of its first rector. Rev. N. W. T. Root, who fell a vic- tim to malignant small-pox. Glancing down Locust street we see a plain structure, on the right, known as the Allen Mission Chapel, a Methodist institution, whose motto is "feed the hungry — clothe the naked," and which, under the manage- ment of Captain Cyrus Sturdivant, has become one of the headquarters of the temperance reform, and is doing a great and good Avork among the poor and the victims of appetite. A short walk now brings us to the head of India street, on the vacant lot opposite which stood the house of Rev. Thomas Smith, burned in the destruction of the town by Mowatt, in 1775. It commanded a fine view, down India street, of the harbor and the Cape, Avith the ocean beyond. The neighboring Smith street, running northerly to Cumberland street, perpetuates the name of the good old Parson. At the corner of Congress and India streets, where formerly the Thomas mansion stood, now rises the tall spire of the Second Universal- ist Church, a substantial brick structure, Avith massive tower. This society, formed after the removal of the First Universalist Society to their ncAV church in Congress Square, in 1865, increased in strength and numbers under the charge of Rev. George W. Bicknell. Adjoining this church, on the east, stands the North School-House, on the spot where, in the old grammar-school, Master Whitmore flogged the boys for many a year. It is a huge, four-storied structure, of brick, con- taining a congeries of primary and grammar-schools, comprising twenty-six teachers and tAvelve hundred scholars, all under one Principal. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 51 The school-house looks down upon the Eastern Cemetery, — the oldest graveyard in Portland. For two hundred years a portion of it was the only common burial-place in the territory now included in the limits of the city. Here the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep ; here, probably, George Cleeves, our first settler, was buried; and here, in later times, the early families, whose names are still familiar among us, found a last resting-place. Originally quite small, the cemetery has been enlarged until it contains about six acres, thickly crowded with graves. The original burying-place was in the southwest corner, where stood a tall })ine tree, long a landmark for the weather-tossed mariners, and under whose protecting branches the dead clustered thickest. It is an elevated site, looking down upon the city and the sea. Here may still be seen the old-fashioned, heavy gravestones of slate, ornamented with winged heads or skulls, and funereal urns, over which droo}) weeping willows. They bear long inscriptions, — now half obliterated, — setting forth the virtues of the departed. The oldest stone we have been able to find is that of Mrs. Mary Green, who died May 23, 1717. In this corner are found the tomb of Parson Smith and his many wives and sons, — restored by the First Parish Church, in 1846; and the quaint old red-sandstone monument of Sheriff Tyng, of the revolutionary era. On the opposite side of the yard, towards Mountfort street, are the monuments erected to the memory of the naval heroes, — William Bur- roughs, of the U. S. Brig Enterprise, and Samuel Blythe, of His Majesty's Brig Boxer, — who fought and died together, off this coast, on the 5th of September, 1813, and were buried here, with imposing and impressive cere- monies, on the 8th of September. Beside them lies Lieutenant Kcrvin Waters, of the Enterprise, mortally wounded in the same action, of which Longfellow sings : " I remember the sea-flglit far away, How it tliiUKlered o'er the tide! And the dead captains, as they lay In their graves o'erlooking the trancjuil bay, Where they in battle died." The navy is well represented here. Commodore Preble had his white marble monument ; and here also is commemorated the death of the gallant Lieutenant Henry Wadsworth, (uncle of the poet Longfellow, and for whom he was named), who fell before Tripoli, in 1804. The Rev. Dr. Edward Payson also was buried here ; and an ornamental shaft of white marble marks the resting-place of the Rev. Mr. Reese, of the Universalist Church. Most of the old monuments are box-like structures of brick or granite, or tables supported on four ])illars. The grass grows rankly over the crowded graves; the elms and ])oplars, which have sprung up at their own sweet will, cast here and there a shade ; and year by year the gravestones settle and grow more and more awry. 52 I'OnTLAND AND VICINITY. Passing out of the cemetery, and continuing our way along Congress street, we find ourselves at the foot of Munjoy's Hill, so called from George Munjoy, an early settler, who built his residence on the hill as early as 1661. A sightly elevation, rising to a height of one hundred and sixty-six feet above the sea, and terminating the peninsula on which the city is built, " The Hill," as it is popularly called, has been the scene of stiri'ing events in our history. It was here, in 1690, that Lieutenant Thad- deus Clark, with thirteen men, was shot by TiKlians in ambush, while recon- Observatory, and Congress Street M. E. Church, noitering, — the hill being then covered witli woods; here, in 1717, in a spacious tent. Lieutenant Governor Dummer made a treaty witli the Indians, who came "with French colors and made a great show," — a treaty which ensured peace for many years ; here, in 1775, Colonel Thomp- son, of Brunswick, encamped with his men in a thick grove of pines, and seized Captain Mowatt as he was walking on the hill, in revenge for which the Captain afterwards burned the town; here, in 1808, took place the third and last execution for murder which ever occurred in this city, Joseph Drew being hanged, in the presence of a large concourse of people, for fatally striking Deputy Sheriff Parker while in the discharge POBTLAND AND VICINITY. 53 of his duty; and here, too, on llie sh)i)e we :ire now ascending, arose, after the great iire of 18G6, the unique viHage of tents which gave temporary shelter to a large portion of tlie houseless population of the city. This area lying on our right, and inimcdiately below the Obsei'vatory, — now covered with an unsightly huddle of cheap tenement-houses, — was once the play- ground of the city; the scene of "General Musters" and Fourth of July celebrations, where holiday soldiers paraded, and tents were pitched, and booths dispensed beer and gingerbread to hungry crowds, who found amuse- ment in peep-shows and flying-horses, and where boys — now grown gray- headed men — listened with open mouths to the revolutionary songs of Johnny Avery. It was a pleasant spot, high and green, looking down upon the city and the harbor, and commanding a wide and beautiful view. Cut down for the sake of its gravel, this part of the hill has been degraded in more senses than one. At the Observatory we strike the old sod again. This red-shingled tower is eighty-two feet high, and was built in 1807, for the purpose of signalizing shipping approaching the harbor. In the three-quarters of a century which have elapsed since its erection, many an eye has been gladdened by the flag thrown out on one of its three flag-staffs, indicat- ing the approach of some long-absent ship ; and many a storm-tossed ves- sel has been saved from wreck by the succor sent out through timely intelligence from this watch-tower, where the sailor's good genius sits up aloft and sweeps the horizon with his glass. Here, for a small fee, the visitor may take a peep through the telescope w'hich swings from the ceiling of the look-out, and observe the ships far out at sea. This is the best place in the city to obtain a good view of the surrounding scenery. Towards the northeast lies Casco Bay, dotted with many beautiful islands. Looking eastward, only four miles distant, the broad Atlantic sweeps with its never-ceasing swell ; and a southwesterly view takes in the harbor with its shipping, and the city extending along its narrow peninsula. North- westerly, Mount Washington may be distinctly seen, towering above the distant ranges of mountains. Adjoining the Observatory stands the Congress street (Methodist Epis- copal) Church, erected in 1868. It is a beautiful temple, both as to its ex- terior and interior. Its location is very sightly, being upon the highest part of Munjoy. The lofty and graceful spire is a consj^icuous object as seen from the harbor and from the sea. Its summit is the highest object in the city. Munjoy has other churches : the St. Lawrence Street (Congregational) Church, erected in 1857, of which the Rev. Mr. Wright is now the pastor; and two churches for colored people, — who have always had a proclivity for Munjoy's Hill, — the Abyssinian, (Congregational), and the Mountfort Street African (Methodist Episcopal) Church. 54 FOETLAND AND VICINITY. If now we turn to the left, through North street, — which runs north- erly along the ridge of the hill, — w^e obtain a striking view, across the waters of Back Cove, of the city, with its many church-spires, extending to the bluff on Bramhall's Hill, where the Maine General Hospital stands out conspicuously. The city here, owing to the curve made by Munjoy's Hill, seems like a bent bow enclosing the waters of Back Cove, and we are looking across from one end to the other. From this point, too, we com- mand the opposite shores of Deering, diversified with groves and villages. Returning, and continuing along Congress street, we descend the east- ern slope of the hill, through pasture-land, until we come to the Eastern Promenade, — a Avide avenue encircling the hill, and commanding fine views of the bay. On the left we have the ship-building village of East Deering, with the Marine Hospital at Martin's Point, and Falmouth Foreside trend- ing away in the distance. On the right. Fort Gorges rises solidly from its wave-washed ledge, with Peaks' Island beyond, and outside of that the broad blue ocean. In the foreground lies Mackay's Island, (now the prop- erty of the Messrs. Cushing, the proi^rietors of Cushing's Island), and far- ther down the bay appear the Hog, or Diamond Islands, Chebeague, and the multitude of those which cluster thickest at its eastern end, and en- close it from the sea. FEOM MARKET SQUARE TO THE WESTERN PROMENADE. Again making Market Square our point of departure, let us now turn westward, and leisurely stroll up Congress street. From this point to Con- gress Square — nearly half a mile — there is a gradual rise ; the street is of good width, contains some fine business blocks, and is the scene of much of the retail traffic of the city, of a miscellaneous character. Being the main avenue down town, from the west end, it is often thronged, — j^articularly of a pleasant evening, — and presents an animated spectacle. Taking the northwest side, we come to the Preble House, of which we have already spoken, and where we shall be apt to find, beneath the shade of its four magnificent elms, (relics of the departed glories of the Preble mansion), groups of visitors and loungers picking their teeth after dinner, and watching the passers-by. Next to the Preble House we come to an old brick mansion, " some- what back from the village street," beneath the shade of droojiing elms, which lingers here in the busy scene of trade and travel, like some octo- genarian who finds himself alone in the midst of a new and strange gen- eration. It is the first brick house built in Portland. General Peleg Wadsworth (who in his day was a man of military renown ; second in command in the expedition to the Penobscot, in 1779, and first Represen- tative in Congress from this District), built this house in 1785, or rather PORTLAND AND VICINITY 55 commenced it in that year, for though but a two-story house, it was two summers in the building. His son-in-hiw, Stephen Longfellow, who after- being man- Congress Street, looking west from Market Square. wards occupied it, added a third story to it ; the line of addition still visible in the Aveather-worn bricks. It is a ])lain, old-fnshioned sion, a little mel- lowed by age, but still emi- nently respect- able, and sturd- ily holding its own, though it is overshadowed by its overgrown neighbors. It is known as the Longfel- low House, and the impression generally pre- vails that the poet was born Preble House. in it. That honor, however, belongs to an old wooden house on Fore 56 PORTLAND AND VICINITY street, which we shall come upon in our next walk. The poet lived in this house in liis youtli, and it is still in possession of his family. No longer ago than last autumn, any one walking down Congress street, after break- fast, might have seen him seated at the win- dow, reading the morn- ing paper. But let us move on. Passing Morton Block, and Brown street, we come to Brown's Block, where the Portland Army and Navy Union, formed in 1866, by resi- dent soldiers and sailors who served in the late war for the Union, has its headquarters. It has a reading-room, and a valuable military library, and every winter enter- tains the town with a series of first-class lec- tures and concerts, — the profits going to assist the widows and orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors, and those disabled by the war. The next building worthy of mention is Mechanics' Hall, a handsome structure, with granite front, standing at the junction of Congress and Casco streets. It was erected in 1857-9, at a cost of 140,000, by the Maine Charitable Mechanics' Association : an organization formed for charitable and educational purposes by our mechanics in 1815. The association, which includes three hundred and fifty of the best mechanics in the city, now owns the building clear of debt ; has a library of over four thousand volumes, free to members and their apprentices; maintains a free evening school for in- struction in industrial drawing, and for several years past has given a course of free lectures, by resident citizens. Post Bosworth, No. 2, Grand Army of the Republic, has its headquarters in this building; and also the Young Men's Christian Association, who here maintain a free reading-room and library. Glancing down Casco street, as we cross the head of it, we see a high wooden church standing on the cliff which falls into Cumberland street. This is the Casco Street (Free-Will Baptist) Church, the clock in the tower of which is one of the most useful time-pieces in Portland, being visible, on account of the peculiar position of the church, over a very large PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 57 section of the city. The church was built in 1827, by the Christian Con- nection, and jDassed into the j^ossession of the Free-Will Bajjtists in 1843. Continuing up Congress street, j^ast the junction of Oak street, we come to the block in which are the rooms of the Portland Fraternity. This is an institution sup- ported by the liberal denom- inations of the city, and main- tains here a free evening school and a reading- room. Just across the way is Huck- ster's Row, an ancient seat of retail trade; and in the sec- ond story of the block, entrance on Free street, is Union Hall, our oldest hall, the scene of many a gay ball half a century Mechanics' Hall. ago ; once occupied as a theatre, often as a church, and of late the head- quarters of the Hayden Association. On the corner of Green street, opposite the Row, stands the City Hotel, — recent enlargements and improvements of which have made it quite popular with travelers and visitors to our city. We now approach Congress Square, formed by the widening of Con- gress street and the junction of Free street coming in on a parallel line on the left ; the block between the two streets terminating in a " heater." High street enters on the south, and goes out on the north as New High street. This Square has an elevated site : the two High streets falling off rapidly on either side. It is a sort of Zion's Hill, being surrounded with churches of various denominations. On Free street, near its junction with the Square, stands the Free Street (Baptist) Church, built as a theatre in 1830; sold to the Second Baptist Society in 1835; remodeled into a church and dedicated in 1830. This church has one of the most graceful spires in the city. On High street, near its entrance into the Square, rises the High 58 ran TL AND axd vicinity. Street (Congregational) Church, built in 1831, and remodeled in the Gothic style in 1869; having now a lofty square tower, surmounted by a central pinnacle and a grou]» of lesser ones, attracting the eye by its unique blend- ing of strength and grace. The interior of this church is very elegant and graceful. The second pastor, the Rev. Dr. J. W. Chickering, served for nearly thirty years, and won the warm affection of his people. His suc- cessor, the Rev. William II. Fenn, was installed in 18GG. Nearly opposite this church stands the First Universalist Church, of which the Rev. W. E. Gibbs is pastor. This edifice was built in 1865, at a cost of something more than 160,000. A little way down New High street we see the New Jerusalem Temple, in which the doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg are promulgated. This church, which has a Congress Square, from head of Free Street. somewhat peculiar style of architecture, was built in 1868. The Rev. Wil- liam B. Ilayden has been the well-beloved pastor of this society for a quar- ter of a century. Just beyond the Square, on the continuation of Congress street, staiuls Plymouth Church, a brick structure, with a square tower. The old Tliird Parish Society, to M'hich the Rev. Dr. William T. Dwight ministered for so many years, was merged Avith this church a few years since. The present pastor is the Rev. C. F. Dole. Having now completed the circuit of the churches which surroimd the Square we might, if time allowed, linger long about some of the old man- sions in and near it, particularly the Matthew Cobb house, which stands on rOllTLAND AND VICLXITY. 59 the corner of High street, a square, old-fashioned mansion, which carries us back some sixty or seventy years to the time Avlien its owner and occupant was one of our leading merchants, Avith a luiinerous family about him, keep- ing his carriage and coachman, and enteitaining his friends with a generous hospitality; or the McLellan mansion, next Ik'Iow tlie High Street Church, which still preserves the old-time architecture and rich internal finish, and contains a valuable collection of ])aintings and works of art. It was over the high fence surrounding the garden of this mansion that one of our native artists, when a boy, first caught sight of a statue, and thereafter was accustomed to run away on Sundays from his own church, that he- might sit in the gallery of High Street Church, and, looking out of the Congress and Park Streets. — Residence of Dr. Small. window, feast his eyes on the art treasures of what seemed to him a veri- table Paradise. He has since seen the master-pieces of the old Avorld, but we doubt if any of them awakened in his mind such feelings of pleasure and admiration as did those figures in the garden of this home of taste and wealth. Before we leave the S(|uare let us dro]) down Xew High street, a little way, and glance at the elegant and costly private residences Avhich line the new Deering street, running parallel with Congress street, on the sloj^e below it. How little time it seems since all this region was an open ])as- ture, — " Ross's pasture," we boys used to call it, when we went there to " play ball," or at sunset to sit on the ledges and watch the sun go down behind the hills, shedding a last lingering glory on the clouds, which the GO POn TLA XD . 1 XI) 1 7 ( •JXl T Y. tranquil waters of the Cove gave back with answering colors. Wealth and taste have here been lavished in the construction of some of these modern residences, and the street, though still new, and bordering on vacant spaces,. is one of the handsomest in the city, representing the wealth and taste of to-day as State street does those of half a century ago. But it is time to move on. Continuing up Congress street we pass the house of Dr. Horatio N. Small, at the corner of Park street, glancing down Avhich we catch a glimpse in the distance of the Park Street (Unitar- ian) Church, erected in 1828, by the Methodists, and sold in 18o5 to the Second Unitarian Society, over which the Rev. Jason Whitman was first settled, and of which the Rev. Chnvles W. Buck Ikis been jmstor since 1868. State Street, from Congress, Our attention is next attracted by St. Stephen's Church, a picturesque Gothic edifice, built of our native slate-rock, massive and handsome. It was erected in 1854, and the Rev. Asa Dalton has been rector of the church since 1863. This brings us to the liead of State street which comes in diagonally on the left, and continuing across Congress street, slopes down through the vacant land to Portland street. State street (the gift of one of our early merchants, Joseph H. Ingraham), is the handsomest avenue for private resi- dences in the city. Of great width, it is lined on each side Avith two rows of lofty elms, whose overhano-ingr branches embower it in foliaire. Between the two rows of trees, outside each sidewalk, tlicre runs a grassy plot, which gives the street a park-like appearance. The large and substantia] mansions PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 61 here are chiefly of the olden time ; ciuli w itli its spacious garden in the rear. This liouse with plain granite front, on the left, near the head of the street, is the residence of John Neal, tlie poet and novelist. That large, square mansion, a little farther down, across the way, was long the residence of the late Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, and in the garden in the rear he found health and recreation in pruning his fruit trees. The neighboring house is occupied by Judge George F. Shepley. The mansions on this southwest- erly side of the street, as we have said, are of the stately and spacious old- fashioned style, each standing in the midst of extensive grounds. As a contrast, take the elegant mod- ern residence of Henry Fox, Esq. on the o])posite side of the street, which well represents the architectur- al taste of the day. State street has three houses of worship, of each of which we must say a W'Ord. The first, on the left, as we pass down, is the State Street Congregational Church, the so- ciety worship- ping in which ^^^^® street.— Residence of Judge George F. Shepley. was an offshoot from High Street Church. The edifice was erected in 1852, mainly of brick, in the Gothic order, with a lofty and graceful spire of wood, which was taken down in 1871, from a feeling that it was insecure, leaving the wooden tower in a mutilated condition. The Rev. Edward Y. Hincks has been pastor of this church since 1870. A little farther down the street we come to St. Luke's Cathedral, built in 1867, of blue limestone, with trimmings of red and gray freestone, in the early Gothic style. This church is not yet completed, the present structure being the main edifice to which a transept is to be added at the north end. The interior is very richly finished. St. Luke's is the first edifice erected by Protestants in 62 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. ^ v.. Xew England for a Cathedral, or Bishop's Church, and its service is more ritualistic than that of an ordinary parish church. It is intended as a center for the Episcopal Church in the diocese, and is under the imme- diate charge of the Bishop, — an office now filled by Bishop Neely. Still farther down, on the opposite side of the street, stands the Ro- man Catholic Church of St. Dominic's, built in 1828. Connected with it, but fronting on Gray street, is the large Catholic School of St. Dominic's, erected in 1865. Its teachers are the Sisters of Notre Dame, and it will accommodate about four hundred scholars. On the corner of Dan- forth and State streets rises a large, three-story brick mansion, occupied as the Female Orphan Asylum, where between thirty and forty girls are cared for, state Street.-Residence of Henry Fox. ^nd put intO Othcr homCS as they grow up. This institution was established in 1828, through the contributions of benevolent citizens; has always been well managed by a board of ladies, and now holds property to the value of at least 150,000. On Pine street, near the junction of State and Congress, may be seen the Pine Street (Methodist) Church, a unique brick edifice, which shows what can be done in the way of adapting a piece of architecture to a limited lot of ground. It was built in 1875. Near the head of Mellen street, where it enters Congress street, we pause to look off u])on " the breezy dome of groves, The shadows of Deering's Woods," of which Longfellow sings again : "Aud Deeriug's Woods are fresh and fair, And with joy that is almost pain My lioart goes back to wander there, Aud among the dreams of the days that were, I find my lost youth again." Many another Portland boy finds his lost youth again as he recalls the days PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 63 Stroets — R neral Neal Dow. when he went "acorning" in Deering's Woods. The view from this point is wide and beautiful. Congress street, as we have said, runs along the ridge of the pe- ninsula, which, at this point, slopes rapidly down to the head of the creek running in fi'om Back Cove. On the shore of this creek rise Deer- ing's Woods, a tract of wood- 1 a n d la r g e r than can easily be found else- where within the limits of so Congress and Dov small a city. Congress street here looks off over "the breezy dome" of these woods, commanding a view of the vil- lages in Deer- ing, the diver- sified country beyond, and the snow-clad peaks of the White Mount- ains on the dim horizon. Moving on past the resi- dence of Gen- eral Neal Dow, at the corner of Congress and Dow streets, we come to Walk- "^^ er street o-lanc- Bracken and Walker Streets.— Residence of Albion Little. ing up which we see, at the corner of Brackett street, the residence of ^■'i^ 64 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. Albion Little, Esq., and soon after turn to the left into Bramhall street, at whose junction with Bnickett street Av^e come upon the Reservoir of the Portland Water Works, supplied by Lake Sebago, seventeen miles dis- tant, and having an area of one hundred thousand square feet, with a ca- pacity of about twelve millions of gallons. Turning now again to the right we pass into Arsenal street, and find ourselves in front of the Maine General Hospital, standing on the brow of Bramhall's Hill, on the site of the old State Arsenal. This noble institu- tion, incorporated by Act of Legislature in 1868, aided by State bounty and the contributions of private citizens, was dedicated in October, 1874. The State Reform School. plan of the hospital contemplates a cluster of buildings, embodying all the modern improvements of good ventilation, free admission of air and sun light, with an adequate supjily of heat and pure water. This plan requires time for its completion, and as yet only the central building and eastern l>avilion are finished and brought into use. These are handsome structures of brick, in the Italian-gothic style, four stories high ; the private apart- ments and wards being very neatly finished. The establishment of the in- stitution is largely due to the efforts of our physicians and surgeons, who render important services without pecuniary compensation. Having as yet no fund to draw upon for charitable purposes, it is necessary to charge PORTLAND AM) VICINITY 65 r,r , fijXh^i Some of our Charities. 66 FOllTLAND AND VWINirY. patients a fixed sum ])er week, Avliich is put at the lowest pos- sible figure. For pa- tients of ordinary means the price is sev- en dollars per Aveek in the wards proper, which includes board, medical attendance, and medicine; and about twice this sum for those occupying ])rivate rooms. On admission a deposit of five weeks' board is required in advance I simply for security ; t and in case a patient ^ does not remain in tlic 5 hospital five weeks the balance is paid back. There are at present four free beds established by private subscription, and it is hojied the number will be in- creased. Patients have been received from all ]^arts of the State, — Portland fur- nishing only about twenty-five per cent, of the number. This is a State institution, iioAv in its infancy, but destined to grow in usefulness with the munificence of the State, and of private benefactors. It stands upon a breezy, health- rOBTLAND AND VICINITY. 67 ful site, and its windows look out upon a broad expanse of country, bounded by distant mountains, and comprising a lovely prospect. A few steps now bring us out upon the Western Promenade which rnns along the brow of Bramhall's Hill, and commands a wu e and varied Inndscape! In 1G80 George Bramhall (from whom the hill takes its naine) came here, and buying a tract of four hundred acres, hewed himself out a home in the primitive forest which then covered the hill, and pursued his 1^ ter,?t?.(«f , Bramhall's Hill.— Residence of Hon. John B. Brown. trade as a tanner. The hill here falls off suddenly ; the steep descent being partially clothed with odorous pines. At its foot the green lateral ridges tell the tale of some prehistoric landslide, when a grent river flowed where now the railroad runs. It was down there, where we see the Deering ^ an- sion, on the right, that Major Church whipped the Indians m Sei.tember, 1689- in which ficrht Geor-e Bramhall was killed. We may be sure it was an hour of rejoicing when, about sunset, the troops marched back, with 68 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. flying colors, through the woods, to the little village then two miles away at the other end of the peninsula. That large building which we see, a few miles distant, is the State Reform School, where a hundred and thirty or forty boys — the waifs and astrays of society — are put to useful ])ursuits under reformatory influences. The prison-like features of the institution have been eliminated, and the boys are now divided into three grades, and for good conduct are promot- ed through them, from the lowest to the highest. Let us seat ourselves here and look into the sunset. The gleaming waters of Fore River on one hand, and of Back Cove on the other, almost encircle the elevation on whose bi'ow we sit. The green slope of the liill Spring and Neal Streets.— Residence of Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr. stretches away into a wide prospect of field and woodland, diversified by villages and farm-houses, and swelling in the distance into forest-clad hills. With Abner Lowell's sketch of the summits to be seen from this point in our hands, we may make out the Town Hall and Congregational Church in Gorham, Me., and behind them Ossipee Mountain, in New Hampshire, fifty-three miles away. Also, farther to the east, the church in Standish, Me., with the peak of old Chocorua rising far beyond it. Sweeping along the billowy line we see Mount Carrigain, sixty-three miles distant; nearer at hand the long line of Saddleback, in Sebago, Me. ; and then the eye strikes the White Mountain range, and climbs from peak to peak, over Mounts Willard, Webster, Jackson, Pleasant, Franklin, and Munroe, to the white dome of Mount Washington, mingling with the clouds on the horizon. PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 69 Tlie inner line of the notable of which is that of Hon. John B. Brown, standing in the ni i d s t of ten acres of higlily improved and cultivated land, with gardens adorned with rare plants and statuary, and overlooking a wide extent of beautiful scen- ery. Moving on, and glancing down S p r i n g street,we see the splendid modern man- sion of the Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr. Passing down by the Western Cemetery we come upon the residence of Harry B. Brown, ai'tist, whose studio, attached to his house, is an attractive point for all lovers of art. Here we strike Danforth street, and turning east- ward pass the fine resi- dence of T. C. Hersey, Esq., seated high in the midst of ornamental grounds, and command- ing a wide view of the harbor, the cape, and the ocean beyond. On the opposite side of the street, a little far- ther down, are the twin Promenade is bordered with fine residences, most Danforth Street. — Residence of T. C. Hersey. MM: Spring and Emery Streets. — Residence of S. C. Andrews. 70 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. Danforth Street. — Residences of Andrew and Samuel E. Spring. mansions of Messrs. Andrew and Samuel E. Spring, On Emery street, which enters here, we see the Home for Aged Women, a hand- some brick edi- fice, Avhere some twenty or more old ladies pass the evening of their days in quiet and com- fort, paying only an entrance fee of one hundred dollars. The in- stitution is under the chai'ge of an association of ladies represent- ing the various churches of the city. Pine and Lewis Streets. — Residence of Holman S. Melcher, AmOUg OtllCr PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 71 fine residences in this part of the city we may mention those of Sullivan C. Andrews, Esq., on the corner of Spring and Emery streets, and H. S. Melcher, Esq., on the corner of Pine and Lewis streets. Continuing down Danforth street, to the corner of Park street, we come upon the elegant mansion of Ruggles S. Morse, Esq., built of free- Danforth and Park Streets. — Residence of Ruggles S. Morse. Stone, in a highly ornamented style ; a fine specimen of architectural taste, and the most costly private residence in the city. A little farther down, on the corner of High street, we may contrast this modern residence with the old-time mansion of John Mussey, Es()., a building of spacious front, seated in the midst of its old-fashioned garden, and surrounded with magnificent elms, whose lofty snininits and wide- sweeping branches are worth coming far to see. Turning now up High street we are soon in Congress Square again, and so ends our second walk. rORTLANl) AM) VICIXITY FROM MARKET SQUARE TO INDIA AND COMMERCIAL STREETS. If the visitor again finds himself in Market Square, some bright morn- ing, he cannot do better than turn eastward and saunter down Middle street. This is one of our oldest thoroughfares, having been accepted by the town as long ago as 1724, previous to which time a path had been opened through the woods. It was originally called " the Middle street," from its relative position between " the Fore " and " the Back " streets, which name it has ever since borne. Though originally occupied by the South side of Middle Street, from Cross to Union. dwelling-houses of the early settlers, the old-time mansions have long since given place to the demands of traffic, and Middle street is now one of our principal business avenues, chiefly devoted to the retail dry-goods trade. Leaving Military Hall on the left, we pass down Middle street from the point where it enters the Square to its junction with Free street. This portion of the street escaped the fire of 1866, and the stores here are plain brick structures, some of them of comparatively ancient date. That low PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 73 block of two stories, on the left, is a spared monument of the great fire, having been saved from destruction, while the stores on both sides of it were leveled to the ground. It was remodeled in 1873, the three original stories being reduced to two, but its low roof, in contrast with the loftier structures around it, still serves to remind us of the humbler style of build- ing which prevailed fifty years ago. Free street enters here, forming a "heater." The lower end of this street, where it joins Middle street, is devoted to business and contains some fine stores, but the upper end, where it climbs the acclivity under the elms, to Congress Square, is lined with ])rivate residences, some of which are of modern elegance, while others have an air of old-time state- liness and seclusion. Falmouth Hotel. All now before us, down IMiddle street, is fresh and new. The fire of 186G leveled everything here, and the new business structures which have arisen from the ruins far outshine the old in loftiness and architec- tural pretentions. Some are of brick covered with mastic; some of hand- some pressed brick, with Albert-stone trimmings; others of Connecticut freestone, and some of granite, many having iron pillars, caps, sills, and ornamentations. The styles are various, and often ornate, the warerooms spacious and handsome. So far along here as the eye can sweep the street architecture is of a noble and attractive character, the blocks of warehouses being diversified with hotels and bank buildings. 74 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. The plainest block is Mussey's Row, high up on the wall of which a marble slab tells the story of the ravages of tire on this spot : "Homestead of Benjamin Mussey, A. D. 1749. Mussey's Row begun by his son, Jolin Mussey, in 1799, — completed in 1801. Partially burnt, and rebuilt by him, in 1815. Partially burnt, and rebuilt in 1852 by his son, John Mussey. Wholly burnt, and rebuilt in 185(5 by the same. Wholly burnt in the great Are of July 4th and 5th, 1866, and rebuilt by the same." Here, at the corner of Union street, stands the Falmouth, our largest hotel, a magnificent structure, built by Hon. John B. Brown, after the tire of 1866. The front is of Albert-stone, the side walls of pressed brick, with First National Bank. Albert-Stone trimmings. It has a frontage on Middle street of one hundred and fifty-three feet, by one hundred and seventy-four on Union street; is six stories on Middle and seven on Union street, and contains two hundred and forty rooms, and ten large stores. It is fully equipped witli all the con- veniences of a modern first-class hotel, including an elevator, and bathing- rooms on all the principnl floors. Adjoining the Falmouth, on the corner of Plum street, is the red sand- stone building of the First National Bank. A little farther down, on the opposite side, is the fine granite front of the Casco Bank building, oecu- POBTLAND AND VWINirY. 75 pying the site of the old " Sun Tavern,'' later known as the Casco House, whence, in days of yore, the stages were wont to depart for the country towns. This house, in the time of the Revolution, was the residence of Brigadier Jedediah Preble. His son, Commodore Edward Preble, after- wards lived and died in it. It is a singular coincidence that this house in which the Commodore lived, and the one which he built and which was long occupied by his widow, (the preseut Preble House), should both have been converted into hotels. The Maine Savings Bank has its banking-rooms on the corner of Plum street, under tlie St. Julian, a neat little hotel, con- ducted on the European plan, and a little further along is the handsome Canal Bank building, of red freestone. A few steps now bring us to Exchange street, anciently call- ed. Fish, opened in 17'24. From Middle to Fore street it is five hundred feet long, and is lined with handsome business blocks from end to end, the last gap left by the fire of 1866 — which laid low every building upon it — having been filled by the erec- tion of "Stanton Block" (named in honor of the famous War Sec- retary) in 1875, by Hon. W. W. Tliomas. On this street, op])o- site the entrance of Milk street, our Board of Trade has its head- quarters : an organization of our leading business men, which has done much to promote the pros- Casco Bank. perity of the city. Here also is the Merchants' Exchange, Avith its reading- room, whither our merchants resort for information, bai'gaining, and con- sultation. All who have an eye for fine architectui-al effects will admire the facade of the Merchants' Bank on this street. That part of Exchange street Avhicli runs from INIiddle to Congress street was laid out in 1793, and originally called Court street. On the northeast corner of Middle and Exchange streets stands the Post-Oftice, an elegant building of Vermont marble, occupying a square by itself. Its 7G pobtljuvd ajsid vicinity. pure white walls are in strong contrast to the warmer-colored brick build- ings about it, and it looks a little cold in its elegance and cliasteness. Its cost was half a million dollars. The ground floor is occupied for the Post- Office, and the second story for United States court-rooms and oftices. This is the third costly post-oihce building that has occupied this site, — the other two having been destroyed by lire. The first post-office in Falmouth, under authority of the Continental Congress, was established in 1775, by Benja- South sido of Middle Street, from Plum to Exchange. luin Franklin, Postmaster General for the United Colonies. Deacon Sam- uel Freeman was the first postmaster, his commission bearing date October 5, 1775. We have had sixteen postmasters, the present incumbent being ex-Judge Charles W. Goddard. Judge Goddard has obtained from the records at Washington the following list of the postmasters of Portland since the organization of the American postal service under Postmaster General Franklin: "Deacon Samuel Freeman, appointed October 5, 1775; PORTLAND. AND VICINITY. 77 Thomas M. Prentiss, July 1, 1804; Joshua Wingate, James Wingate, August 9, 1805; Rob- ^ ert Ilsley, June 1, 1815; Mark Harris, 1823; Dr. Nathaniel Low, December 3, 1823; Nathaniel Mitchell, April 9,1829; Thomas Todd, December 8, 18o4; Na- thaniel Mitchell, September 11, 1839; Colonel Sylvanus R. Lyman, May 4, 1841 ; Nathan L. Woodbury, April -J, 1845; Joshua Dunn, May 5, 1849; Na- than L. Woodbury, April 1, 1853; Sam- uel Jordan, April 1, 1857; Maj. Andrew T. Dole, April 8, 1861 ; Judge Woodbury Davis, December 9, 1865; Charles W. Goddard, October 7, 1871." During the first year after its estab- lishment only eighty-four letters were Jr.. February 20, 1805; Canal Bank received at this post-office, — the mail running once a week. Now the revenue is about 880,000 a year, and the expenses $32,000. Twenty-one clerks and ten car- riers are employed in the office, and fourteen route agents distri- bute the mails on the various lines of railway radiating from this point. In 1804 the daily western mail was a new undertaking; now twenty-five mails arrive and de- part daily. ^^"'*- Glancing up Exchange street we see the fine block of the Portland Savings Bank, and not far above it 78 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. the Printers' Exchange, where are issued tlie Daily Argus (Democratic), the Daily Press (Republican), and several weekly newsj^apers, including Zion's Advocate (Baptist), and American Citizen. The Daily Advertiser (Independent-Republican) has its office just around the corner, on Federal street ; and the Sunday Times (Independent) is published at 379 Congress street, in Williams' Block. The office of the Transcript (a literary and family weekly) is at 44 Exchange, below Middle street. Continuing down Middle street, below Exchange, we enter the region of wholesale dry-goods, clothing, hardware, crockery, and druggist ware- houses, built since the fire of 1866, previous to which time trade had made but very few encroachments upon the old family estates in this direc- tion. Here, on the left, was the old Plant Sawyer man- sion, a fine resi- dence seated in the midst of an extensive and well-kept gar- den. It was for some years the residence of the Hon. John M. Wood. Its site is now covered Exchange Street, from Middle to Fore Street. witll busiuCSS blocks. Just opposite stood the unfinished marble hotel commenced by Mr. Wood, but never completed. Only the melancholy ruins left by the fire of 1866 now remain to remind us of this unfortunate enterprise. Here we cross Pearl street, a wide avenue extending straight across the city from water to water. This street was laid out and widened after the great fire of 1866. Previous to that time the cross streets in this vicin- ity were very narrow, this being the most ancient and dense part of the town. There were many narrow lanes here in early times, some of which PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 79 bore odd names. Newbury street, for instance, was known as Turkey lane, k\ % 90 POIiTLAXD AND VICINITY. have a bracing and tonic effect. Good beaches afford opportunities for sea-bathing, while botli the shore and deep-sea fishing are excellent. Gun- ners are caught from the rocks, and off White Head cod and haddock abound. The island has capabilities of becoming one of the best watering- places on the coast. As the whole island belongs to the proprietors, the guests have the entire freedom of it, without the fear of trespassing. Through the kindness of the Messrs. Gushing it is also open to picnic parties and campers-out, though the shooting of birds is properly forbid- den. Among contemplated improvements are summer cottages, for fami- One of the Beaches on Cushing's Island. lies, and possibly a drive around the island, five miles in length, which would command magnificent sea views. There is a good road from the wharf to the hotel, and a carriage for the accommodation of guests. A bowling-saloon and billiard-room assist in furnishing amusement. On landing from the steamer do not take the open road to the hotel, but rather follow the path which leads past the cottages to the willowy dell where stands the old farm-house. This hollow-, into wdiich you de- scend by steps cut in the green bank, is a surprise and a delight — the beauty-spot of the island, in strong contrast to the wildness of White PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 91 Head. That looks sternly out on the heaving sea; this nestles beneath old willows, through which you catch glimpses of the smoother waters of the main entrance to the harboi', and the opposite shore of Cape Elizabeth. A bit of the Shore on Cushing's Island. That is a bold headland, standing on which, in an easterly storm, the ad- mirer of the sublime in nature may see the waves break high in air as they ceaselessly beat at the base of the cliff; this is a dimple in the shore, smiling on a summer sea, where, seated on the grass, with the green wil- lows overhead, you may fancy yourself in a rural paradise. This ])lcasnnt retreat slopes down to the beach, where are bathing- houses, and where the smooth, hard sand, and the seclusion of the spot, in- V i t e to a tumble in the sea. Climbing now to the higher part of the island we come to the hotel, standing on ^^ ■ '^'■i-^^^-^^ an elevated Ottawa House, Cushing's Island. site commanding magnificent views. Pause on the piazza and look towards the city. The view of it is the finest in our harbor. On the right lies House Island, with its fort ; on the left, the ship-channel, dotted with the 92 POIiTLAND AND VICINITY. white sails of passing vessels, with the opposite shore of Cape Elizabeth, Fort Preble answering to Fort Scaiumell, and the projecting breakwater with its harbor-light. Across the harbor, in the distance, rises Munjoy, with the White Mountains far behind it, from which a chain of lower liills stretches away to the west. The whole extent of the city is reveal- ed, from Munjoy to Bramhall, its spires rising above the foliage of the shade-trees at its western end. Now if you would have a still wider view, ascend to the cupola and look seaward. The broad ocean is before you, stretching far away to the horizon, where the white sails of the mackerel fleet mingle with the sky-line. Far below you lies Ram Island, with the surf beating on its ragged shores ; eastward lie the outer islands of the bay, and Half-way Rock, with its soli- tary light-house ; westward is Portland Light, and the Two-Lights on the Cape ; seaward the waves are all a-shimmer with sunlight, and departing ships cleave swiftly through them. It remains only to visit White Head, the grand old headland that guards the eastern entrance to our harbor. It is a walk of a mile or more along the em- bowered path that runs through the evergreen woods. Here the close-set spruces shut out all sight of the sea, so near at hand, while yet the music of its breaking waves falls softly on the ear. One might think himself dream- ing of the ocean in some far inland forest. Occasionally a break in the One of the Walks on Cushing's Island. deW&Q foliage glvCS a vicw of cluStCrcd Stems, rising in "a dim, religious light," like the pillars of some vast ca- thedral. The soft carpet of the sod gives back no sound to your footfall, and the path is solitary, save the sentinel crow in some tall iir, who caws angrily at your intrusion. The walk ends on the open brow of the preci- pice, from w^hich the woods recede, leaving it to battle with the ocean in its native strength. Here the view widens on all sides. Just below, on the right, lie the low green shores of Peaks' Island ; in the foreground, on the left, are seen the frowning walls of the forts; the city lies in the distance bathed in sunshine, while in the remote northwest the White Mountains mingle their summits with the cumulous clouds. Looking east- POliTLAND AND VICINITY. 93 ward the surface of the bay is broken by many wooded islands, and far in the dim distance Seguin aj)2)ears, a shadowy outline on the horizon. Southward rolls the ocean, with many a sail on its broad bosom, — some cominii' out of tlu' misty distance, while others are disa])})earing beyond tlie line wliich bounds the view. White Head presents to the sea a precipice of one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet in height. It is composed of a gray, granitic rock, split into leaves standing on their edges, fallen into broken fragments, scarred, seamed, jagged, and yet presenting smooth, precipitous walls. White Head, Cushing's Island. painted a warm orange-red by the hardy lichens, wliose mission it is to clothe the barren rock with beautv. The Head projects into the sea in throe distinct masses, having be- tween them two deep recesses, or miniature fiords, Avorn far into the cliff by the waves. Down one of these abysses you may scramble over the fallen rocks, and sit under the projecting cliff, with the foamy sea beat- ing on the barnacled ledges at your feet. Into the other recess there is no descent. Its walls on all three sides fall precipitously into tlie water which forms its floor. It is a great ball-room, in which only the waves may dance, while wa- look on from the galleries above. The south wall 94 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. of this recess runs out into a point not more than three feet wide at the extremity, and lying flat here one may looli straight down into the sea, a dizzy depth. Standing on the top of the cliff, and looking down on the white- Avinged craft which are continually passing, as they leave or enter the harbor, rising and falling with graceful dip on the long roll of the sea, you feel yourself poised in mid-air, and akin to the sea-birds, which soar and sweep around you; the white sails come and go; the water surrounds you on all sides but one, and spreads in pale blue beauty up the lovely bay, or in deeper tints southward toward the horizon lines. How different must be the scene when a winter night shuts down in storm and darkness, and the angry waves tumble into these rocky re- cesses, and leap in foam and spray high into the air. Then it is that White Head is white indeed, and a welcome sight to the storm-tossed mariner, whose staggering bark leaps at once from a turbulent sea into calm waters behind its sheltering shores — the natural breakwater of our harbor. PEAKS' ISLAND. Peaks' Island lies partly inside of Cushing's Island, from which it is separated by White Head Passage. Together with Cushing's Island it forms an effectual barrier against the waves of the ocean, which would otherwise beat in up to the wharves of the city. It is surrounded by four islands — Cushing's, House, Hog (or Diamond), and Long — and with them forms a beautiful and safe harbor for thousands of vessels annually seeking its protection. It is about one and a half miles long by a mile and a quarter wide, at the widest part, and contains seven hundred and twenty acres. ThoiTgh not rising to so great an elevation as Cushing's Island, or presenting so bold a front to the sea, it has many attractive features, being in some respects the most beautiful island in our harbor. Its outer shore is rocky and wave-worn, presenting an inhospitable aspect to vessels seeking the harbor in a storm. Here the surf breaks heavily, and the spray, even in pleasant weathei', frequently dashes in the air to the height of twenty feet. From the seaward shore the land rises gradually to a central eleva- tion of perhaps a hundred feet in the highest part, commanding magnifi- cent views of the ocean, the harbor, and the movmtains eighty miles away. From this elevation it descends to the inner shore, presenting a green and sunny slope to the smoother waters of the harbor. The island frowns upon the sea and smiles upon the city. There are few fairer pictures than that presented by its long strip of sandy beach, with the high green bank ris- ing steeply above it, fringed in part by drooping foliage, behind which nestle snug cottages, while on the higher ground are seen the neat little PORTLAND AND VICINITY. 95 church, the school-house, and many large boarding-houses. The houses are dotted about in the most charming disregard of order and regularity, and foot-paths wind through the grass from one to another in a very pleasant way. For two centuries there was not a regular road, nor a liorse, upon the island, but a few years since a street four hundred and sixty rods long was laid out by the city, and last year the portion of it running from Evergreen Landing to the school-house was graded. Though not the largest island belonging to the city. Peaks' Island has the largest number of inhabitants, the resident population numbering three hundred and three. They are largely descendents of our first settlers, ^^ .\ r,.-i.- R UMCRr W L"^ ^ ^- ^•^v^^J'^^'^V <;,\'5s':as. Views in Evergreen Cemetery. 12G PORTLAND AND VICINITY. fartlier on in the same general direction, down the slope, lies our late la- mented Senator, the Hon. William Pitt Fessenden. The rapid descent of the land, at a point a little beyond this, affords opportunity for a line of tombs with massive granite fronts, the tops of which, on a level with the upper walks, are grass-covered plots. Below the tombs, some distance down the slope, are the ponds, bor- dered with seats, spanned with rustic bridges, the shore adorned with rustic arches and arbors. On the surface of the ponds float swans and ducks, the feeding of which is a delight to children. On the left of the entrance is Evergreen Circle, a ring of lots neatly laid out, with a circular enclosure in the center. The prevailing style of enclosure is simply a granite base, with turf-covered mound. There are many elegant monuments in the grounds, and corner-lots are devoted to flowers and shrubbery. Some of the walks wander beneath dark shadows of evergreens into secluded spots, where the thoughtful mind may muse on the transitory nature of earthly life ; and others lie out in the broad sunshine, where may be seen the distant mountains pointing like faith to the skies. One may wander long through these by-paths, attracted by the decorations and the flowers which affection has lavished on the dead, as well as by the shrubbery, and the noble old trees lifting their heads high u]) into the blue air, and affording homes to the song-birds which build among their branches — a life soaring above death. The beauty of these grounds, where the harmonies of art are blend- ed with the wildness of nature, sheds the radiance of a heavenly light upon the gloom of death. Thousands come here — particularly on Sun- days — for a quiet walk among the blended beauties of nature and art, where all the associations are conducive to meditative thought. In addition to Evergreen Cemetery Portland has four other burying- grounds. Of Eastern Cemetery, the oldest of all, we have already given some account. Western Cemetery, lying on the slo^De of Bramhall's Hill, within the limits of the city, comprises about fifteen acres, and was laid out in 1829, One of the most consjDicuous monuments here is that to Chief Justice Prentiss Mellen, erected in 1850 by the Bar of the State. In 1858 sixty acres were purchased in Cape Elizabeth, near Vaughan's Bridge, about a mile and a half from the center of the city, and laid out as " Forest City Cemetery." It affords cheaper accommodations for the dead than Evergreen Cemetery. " Mount Calvary Cemetery," comprising six acres, in a secluded spot in Cape Elizabeth, about two miles from the center of the city, is the last resting-place of the Catholics. It has a neat chapel, and was consecrated by Bishoj) Bacon to the burial of persons be- longing to his communion. The village of Stevens' Plains, with its broad, level streets, and side- walks shaded with umbrageous maples and elms, has a quiet and rural POETLAND AND VICINITY. 127 128 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. beauty. Its chief ornament is the Universalist Church, a very tasteful structure, built in 1867, at a cost of about $14,000. The front elevation is in the Gothic style, with a tower at the corner surmounted by a spire I'ising to a height of one hundred and ten feet. The auditorum is forty- five by seventy-five feet, containing eighty pews, in chestnut, trimmed with black Avalnut. The ceiling is open, and handsomely frescoed in blue and o-old. The windows are of stained glass, admitting "a dim religious light," and a gallery over the entrance affords accommodation for the choir. The general effect is exceedingly neat and tasteful. The church stands at the entrance to the grounds of Westbrook Semi- Charles Ramsay's Nurseries. nary. This institution, incorporated in 1831, was the first seminary of learning established in New England under the patronage of the Univer- salist denomination. The seminary building Avas erected in 1834, at a cost of $7,000. The first term commenced June 9, 1834, with Rev. Samuel Brimblecom, Principal, and Rev. Alvin Dinsmore, Assistant. The insti- tution has since been under the charge of a number of able teachers, and includes among its graduates many who are doing good service in the various walks of life. The present Principal is G. M. Bodge, A. M. To meet the need of boarding-houses Goddard Hall was built in 1859, and Hersey Hall in 1869. These are large brick edifices, connected by a din- rOllTLAND AND VICINITY. 129 ing-hall, and take tlieir names from beneficiaries of the institution, who contributed largely toward the funds for their erection. The institution has extensive grounds, handsomely laid out, and all the surroundings are conducive to studious habits and good moral deportment on the part of the pupils. It provides two courses in the Collegiate Department, and confers the degree of Laureate of Arts upon all young ladies who suc- cessfully pass examination in a classical course, and Laureate of Science in the scientific course. In the Academic Depai'tment diplomas are grant- ed in two courses, English and College Pre))aratory. On the lower road are the Nurseries of Mr. Charles Ramsay, where A Farm Scene near Pride's Bridge. may be seen an extensive collection of flowering plants, well worthy of a visit. Passino- on through the village, and turning to the left at Morrill's Corner, past the fine residence, with cultivated grounds, of Charles E. Morrill, Esq., a drive of a mile or two brings us to Pride's Bridge, on the Presumpscot. The river is here spanned by a neat iron bridge, from the middle of which may be obtained a view of the Presumi^scot, which, for quiet beauty, is rarely surpassed. The placid stream glides smoothly between green banks bordered by graceful elms, which are reflected in its mirror-like surface. 130 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. Crossing the bridge, and turning into the low road on the left, one may enjoy a very pleasant drive along a secluded road which borders the river. At a point on the road near Cumberland Mills there was, a few years ago, an extensive land-sink, — several acres of high land subsiding into the clayey foundation which was forced out into the bed of the river, changing its course. This sink is a natural phenomenon well worthy the inspection of the curious as well as the geologist. At Cumberland Mills is a prosperous village, built up by the paper- mill which imjDroves the water-power there. The return to the city may be made by the Saccarappa road, thus completing a wide circuit. POUTLAND AND VICINITY. 131 RAILROAD EXCURSIONS. By the extension of its railroad system Portland has become a con- venient point from which to make short excursions to summer resorts, both on the seashore and at the mountains. Summer visitors may make trips of a day to Old Orchard, Lake Sebaijo, Lake Winncpesaukee, or the Crawford Notch of the White Mountains. The scenery along these va- rious routes is attractive and varied enough to suit every taste. Let us turn first, as nearest at hand, TO OLD ORCHARD BEACH, BY THE BOSTON AND MAINE. This famous beach, one of the finest on the coast, has become, by the opening of the Boston and Maine extension, one of the most frequent- ed of our watering-places. The distance by rail from the city is eleven and three-fourth miles. It is a semi-aqueous region through Avhich the road runs, crossing marsh and river and creek. Half a mile distant from Blue Point station, which is about nine miles out, lies Pine Point, where a number of our citizens have built summer cottages, and a boarding-house accommodates summer visitors. The road skirts the seashore, and the sta- tion at Old Orchard is close upon the beach, with the surf rolling in al- most at one's feet. The beach is ten miles long from Black Point to the Saco River. It is evenly inclined, and perfectly safe, there being no de- ceptive holes or rocks. Even at high tide there is ample room for car- riages abreast, and at low tide it is one of the widest and grandest driv- ing and promenade avenues to be found anywhere. It lies in a deep indentation of the shore, forming nearly a semi-circle. On the right, Fletcher's Neck makes one arm, extending far out into the sea, at the mouth of the Saco, dotted with the white buildings of "The Pool" at its extremity. On the left, the other arm of the semi-circle is formed by Prout's Neck, sweeping out into the sea, with Stratton Island off against it. Between these two encircling points sweeps the grand beach, smooth as a floor, hard almost as a pavement, with the waves breaking along its whole extent in never-ceasing foam and roar. Near the station is a pine grove, springing out of the sand, and af- fording agreeable shade from the burning sunshine. In this grove picnic parties encamj) ; and in the season a drive along the road which runs through the middle of it reveals a lively scene, a seaside festival: parties 132 POBTLAND AND VICINITY. lunching under the trees, others strolling .about, others again dancing to lively music, while mountebanks and peddlers furnish fun and bargains for the crowd. One Avho prefers a life in the woods to the dark sea-foam, can turn from the shore to the sylvan retreat of Fern Park, in the rear of the Old Orchard House, — a grove improved by the proprietor for the pleas- ure of his guests. Much taste has been displayed in laying out paths and placing rustic seats and arbors on this wooded hill-top, which commands, through the opening trees, a fine view of the sea. The pines and spruces have flowered into poetry, choice descriptive verses being affixed to their stems ; a ramble through these shaded paths, carpeted with the dry needles Jf^^i^£^ Old Orchard BoJth of the pines, is like reading a pastoral poem amid the scenes which it de- scribes. The ornamentation of this park is the work of the late Albert H. Bull, of Vermont, whose noble love of nature cai;sed him to spend much wealth upon this lovely spot. Old Orchard is abundantly supplied with hotels. The Old Orchard House, destroyed by fire last year, has been rebuilt by its proprietor, Mr. E. C. Staples, on a finer site and a larger plan. The new house stands on a high knoll, a little south of the old site. It has a sea-frontage of three hundred feet, with an ell one hundred feet deep, and is four and five stories high, finished throughout with modern improvements. The Ocean House is also a large and well-kept hotel, capable of accommoda^ POUTLAXD AM) VICIXITY. 133 ting four or five hundred guests, and is furnished witli a music-hall and other attractions for llie ainuseinent of summer boarders. On the beach, below the railroad track, is a crowd of smaller hotels and boarding-houses, from the doors of some of which one can almost step into the sea when the tide is up. It has long been a custom with the peoi)le living in tlie vicinity to visit the beach on the 26th of June, for the purpose of bathing in the sea, which is supposed to possess si)ecial healing qualities on that particu- lar day. The country people come down to the shore in wagons and buggies and carryalls, — fathers, mothers, boys, girls, and Ixibies, young folks, old folks, lovers, and young married couples, — all intent on enjoy- ing the healing influence of the water. On these occasions the grove and the beach presents a lively spectacle. About half a mile beyond Old Orchard, with a separate station, lie the grounds of the Methodist Camp-Meeting Association. These are situ- ated in the midst of an evergreen grove, where a natural hollow forms a •noble amphitheater. Here seats are placed beneath the trees, with a grand stand for the preachers, which commands the whole ground. Around this amphitheater a "camp-meeting city" has grown up, laid out in avenues lined with neat little cottages. There is abundance of fresh water, and every facility to render the place, as is contemplated, the most extensive and popular camp-meeting ground in the country. The National Camp- Meeting and the National Temperance Camp-Meeting are held here in the month of August; and also, at a later season, the Methodist District Cam]i-Meeting. A charter has been obtained for a company, under the name of the Old Orchard Beach Railroad Company, with authority to construct a rail- way from Saco Ferry to Blue Point, in Scarboro', with a capital of $50,- 000. The purpose is to run a line of horse or steam cars along the whole length of the beach, thus making all points easily accessible, and offering to visitors a shore trip on the very edge of the breaking billows. TO THE INTERIOR OF THE STATE, BY THE MAINE CENTRAL. This combination of railroads commands all jjarts of Maine, the Port- land and Kennebec branch running through Brunswick (the seat of Bow- doin College) to Augusta, the capital of the State, and the upper towns on the Kennebec as far as Skowhegan ; the Penobscot line extending through Lewiston, one of the leading manufacturing cities of Maine, and Waterville, to Bangor, where connection is made with the Bangor and Piscataquis Railroad, — which gives approach to the woods of Northern Maine, — and with the European and North American Railroad, which extends as far east as Halifax, N. S. 134 POETLAND AND VICINITY. ALONG THE SEASHORE, BY THE EASTERN RAILROAD. The Eastern Railroad, or perhaps we should rather say the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad, which is leased by the Eastern, runs through the shore towns of Maine to Portsmouth, N. II., and gives access to York Harbor, the grand beaches of Hampton and Rye, and the famous Isles of Shoals, the latter of which can be reached from Portland in an afternoon ride to Portsmouth, and an hour's sail by steamer from that city. TO LAKE SEBAGO AND THE CRAWFORD NOTCH BY THE PORTLAND AND OGDENSBURG. Turning now from the seashore the visitor may enjoy a trip to the lakes and mountains. A ride of four hours on the Portland and Ogdens- burg Railroad will carry him to the famous Notch of the White Moun- tains, through some of the most sublime scenery in the country. This railroad is peculiarly a Portland enterprise, designed to open a new and shorter route to the great west. It extends from Portland, by way of Sebago Lake and the valley of the Saco River, through the Notch of the White Mountains, thence via St. Johnsbury, Vermont, through the La- moille and Missisquoi Valleys to the foot of Lake Champlain. It was a bold project to push a railway through the narrow gateway of the White Mountains, but under the energetic management of General Samuel J. Anderson, President of the company, and the engineering skill of John F. Anderson, Esq., Chief Engineer, it has been successfully accomplished, and the enterprise has opened up one of the most attractive pleasure- routes in the counti-y. Indeed we know of no other railroad, of similar length, which commands such romantic and beautiful views. The White Mountains, with all their stupendous scenery, are brought within a day's excursion of Portland, so that parties leaving in the morning can visit the Notch and arrive home at an early hour in the evening. From Portland to Sebago Lake, a distance of about seventeen miles, the road runs through the fine farming towns of Deering, Westbrook, Windham, Gorham, and Standish, and there is no other railroad running out of the city which in tlie same distance passes through so much beau- tiful scenery. Orchards, green fields, and patches of forest diversify the landscape, which stretches aAvay with undulating surface, everywhere show- ing signs of fertility and cultivation. The falls on the Presumpscot add an interesting feature to the scene ; and in Windham a glimpse is caught of the old brown farm-house in which Governor John A. Andrew was born. Sebago Lake is a fine sheet of water, fourteen miles in length by rORTLAXD AND VICINITY. 135 eight in width. The road skirts the shore, and at the station a steamer is in readiness to take passengers across the lake and through the tor- tuous windings of Songo River, — a charming sail, — into the lock, and up the Bay of Naples into Long Pond, where the steamer lands at the thriving village of Bridgton, whence a ride of eight miles takes one to the summit of Pleasant Mountain, a sightly elevation commanding wide views of the mountains and the sea. The hotel on the top of the mountain has excellent accommodations and is well kept. In the pleasure season one may go as far as Bridgton or Harrison, take dinner at one of the hotels and return to Portland the same day. This is one of the most charming short pleasure-routes in New England. Continuing on the rail from Sebago Lake we soon strike across to Saco River, and ride up the valley to Hiram, where the Great Falls of the Saco, seen from the cars, present a grand spectacle ; thence through Fryeburg, a beautiful village, famous for the battle with the Indians on the shoi'es of Lovewell's Pond, and which attracts many summer visitors ; on again, to North Conway, with its lovely intervales and magnificent views of the White Mountains ; through Upper Bartlett, a beautiful basin amid the hills; and so into the Notch, where the valley narrows to a gorge, and the road climbs the mountain side far above the river, now dAvindled to a brook. The nine miles from Bemis Station to the Crawford House in the Notch present a panorama of mountain scenery of unequalled grandeur. The valley of the Saco here narrows into a rounded trough, one side of which is formed by the long Avail of Mount Willey, and the other by the corresponding wall of Mount Webster. Far up on the side of Mount Willey a shelf has been cut, and along this the road climbs at a grade of one hundred and sixteen feet to the mile. One is astonished to see how easily the ascent is overcome. But two buttresses block the way — Frankenstein Cliff and Mount Willard. They seem to stand out defiantly, forbidding farther approach, but the train glides around them, through deep rock cuts, and entering the gateway of the Notch, reaches the level table-land where the waters divide. The ride along this narrow shelf is a novel experience in railway travel. Far above rises the steep, bare wall of Mount Willey, ever threat- ening to send down earth and rocks to block the way. Crossing the track of the grand slide of fearful memory, which overwhelmed the Willey fam- ily, you think of what might happen again. Here and there the steep mountain wall is gashed by the beds of tumbling brooks, which seem for a passing moment to open a glimpse into the heart of the mountain. Looking out on the other side of the cars they seem to overhang the deep, wooded valley, far down beneath the foliage of which the Saco speeds on its course, and the old stage-road climbs upward to the gate- 136 PORTLAND AND VICINITY. way of the Notch. You catch glimpses of tlie Willey House and of the huts of the railway laborers far below. But the grand feature of this outward view is the stupendous wall of Mount Webster rising just across the narrow valley, and hemming it in with its apparently inaccessible heights. This long bare wall, so seamed and gashed, so dark and frown- ing, so huge in its bulk, so massive and immovable, is the tremendous feature of the scene. Its long sky-line points to nothing, and makes one wonder what lies beyond. It seems to cut you off from an upper and inaccessible world. The view of Frankenstein Cliff, especially in the autumn, when the mountain slopes are clothed in all the brilliant hues of the ripened foli- age, is not less grand, and has more of beauty than the siern wall of Mount Webster. This is only to be seen to advantage as you go down the valley, from the rear platform of the train. As the cars cross the iron bridge, which spans a fearful gorge, the cliff looms up above the ob- server with awful front. The eye falls first upon the forest growth about its base, which in the autumn glows with color like a bank of roses. Above this beautiful mass of color, and in strong contrast to it, rises the sheer precipice, a perpendicular wall of dark rock, furrowed and grim, with a crown of illuminated trees upon its head. But as the train moves on, and the cliff recedes, you see another wall, above and beyond the first, also fringed along its summit with brilliant hues. Thus the cliff grows in magnitude and grandeur as you recede from it, until at last a turn in the road shuts it from your view. But here comes in another grand fea- ture of this mountain scenery. The summit of Mount Washington is now seen, covered with snow, a great white dome rising clear against the blue sky. Cries of wonder and delight greet its appearance, and this grand spectacle is alternately hidden and revealed, until the train reaches Glen Station, where you bid adieu to its grandeur and settle down quietly for the homeward ride. The distance from Portland to the Crawford House is eighty-seven miles. From the Notch one may go on to Fabyan's, from which point there is a grand view of Mount Washington. TO LAKE WINNEPESAimEE, BY THE PORTLAND AND ROCHESTER. This road is another faA^orite enterprise of the business men of Port- land. It opens a new and direct route to New York, by Avay of Roches- ter, N. H., thence to Nashua, N. H,, where it connects with the line to Worcester, Mass., and thence to New York, — thus saving many miles of travel between Portland and the great metropolis. It affords many pleas- ant points for excursions along the route, which passes through the vil- lages of Morrill's Corner, Saccarappa, and Gorham ; crosses the Saco River, POETLAND yL.VZ> VICINITY. 137 and runs through Waterboro' to the pleasant village of Alfred, near which the Shakers have an establishment ; thence to Rochester, N. H,, where it connects with the Dover and Winnepesaukee Railroad, running to Alton Bay. In summer the trains are so arranged on several days of each week that passengers may leave Portland in the morning, reach Alton Bay, pass by steamer over the whole length of Winnei)esaukee, and return so as to get back to Portland on the evening of the same day. Lake Winnepesaukee is one of the most beautiful sheets of water in this country. It is studded with islands, and commands tine views of dis- tant mountains. From Alton Bay the steamers run both to Wolfboro' and to Centre Harbor. The former is a considerable village, beautifully situated on the shore of the lake. From this point one may take the train on the Conway branch of the Eastern Railroad and go through some of the finest mountain scenery to North Conway, and so return to Portland by the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad — a two days' trip, stopping over night at Wolfboro'. Or one may go by steamer to Centre Harbor, where a lovely view of the lake and surrounding country is ob- tained from the summit of Red Hill. TO MOUNT WASHINGTON, BY THE GRAND TRUNK. The Grand Trunk Railway, which connects Portland with the princi- pal cities and towns of Canada, and with the vast grain-growing regions of the west, opened a new route to the White Mountains, affording ac- cess to glens and gorges which uj) to the time of the opening of the road in 1853 had been but little visited. It runs through a number of pleas- ant villages, including North Yarmouth, New Gloucester, Mechanic Falls, South Paris, and Bryant's Pond, to Bethel, a place of great natural beauty, seated amid the hills, which attracts great numbers of summer boarders ; thence through fine scenery, along the Androscoggin, to Gorham, N. H. Here stages take passengers seven miles up the glen to the Glen House, kept by the Messrs. Milliken, of this city, which stands in the heart of the White Mountains, at the foot of Mount Washington. The mountain is ascended in carriages over a well-constructed road. From the summit one may descend by the railroad, on the other side, to Fabyan's; or, re- turning to the Glen House, may pass through the wild Pinkham Notcli, amid the most stupendous mountain scenery, to Glen Station, on the Port- land and Ogdensburg, and thence to Portland. 138 FOIiTLAND AND VICINITY. CONCLUSION. To sum up all, it may be said of Portland that she is a city with a history, dating back to the time of the earliest settlements on our coast, marked with varying fortunes, having four times been destroyed by fire or sword ; now rising to the height of prosperity, as in the flush times of 1805, and anon depressed to stagnation, as in 1840, by the diversion of her trade to other points, — yet always rising from all disasters with elas- ticity and unconquerable spirit, and steadily, though slowly, increasing in population and extending her commercial operations. Again, she is fortunate in position, — possessing a healthful site, beau- tiful for situation, commanding fine views of both ocean and mountain scenery, with a climate which, though subject to extremes, is temperate on the whole, salubrious, and conducive to vigor of body and mind. The heats of summer are tempered by fresh breezes from the sea, and the nu- merous islands in her bay afford healthful resorts at her very door. As a summer resort she offers attractions possessed by few cities. The excel- lence of her hotels, the facilities for transit by rail or steamboat to all points of the compass, the opportunities for sea-bathing, boating, fishing, and gunning, the favorable sites in the vicinity for summer cottages on the seashore, the charms of the surrounding scenery, combining all the at- tractions of land and water views, united with the advantages of refined society, libraries, and places of amusement, — all these are yearly attract- ing an increasing number of summer visitors, and must continue to make her a popular center of summer travel. Portland must ever be in the future, as she has been in the past, a commercial city. The excellence of her harbor, offering depth of water and complete safety ; her numerous lines of communication with all parts of Maine, Avith Canada and the great west ; and the energy and enter- prise of her merchants, ever on the alert to extend their business rela- tions, have already enabled her to command the trade of the State and to a considerable extent of the neighboring Provinces. Manufactures come in as auxiliary to her commercial operations. She has no one great inter- est overshadowing all others, and producing alternating seasons of pros- perity and depression, with the drawbacks of a manufacturing population, but many minor industries contribute by their products to swell the amount of her trade, and extend a knowledge of her business to all parts of the country, and even to foreign lands. CONTENTS Pack CASCO BAY 3 PORTLAND: A Glance at its Histoky 8 TOPOGRAPHY 21 DISTINGUISHED PORTL ANDERS . ... 25 WALKS ABOUT TOWN: From Market Square to the East- ern Promenade 38 From Market Square to the West- ern Promenade 54 From Market Square to India and Commercial Streets 72 THE ISLANDS: Cushing's Island 88 Peaks' Island 94 Long Island 100 Little Chebeague 101 Hakpswell 101 Pack DRIVES IN THE VICINITY: To Prout's Neck 104 Along Falmouth Foreside 113 To Evergreen Cemetery and Pride's Bridge 116 RAILROAD EXCURSIONS : To Old Orchard Beach, by the Bos- ton AND Maine 131 To THE Interior of the State, by the Maine Central 133 Along the Seashore, by the Easteen Railroad 134 To Lake Sebago and the Crawford Notch, by the Portland and Og- densburg 134 To Lake Winnepesaukee, by the Portland and Rochester 136 To Mount AVashington, by the Grand Trunk 137 CONCLUSION 138 ILLUSTRATIONS. Pack Allen Mission Chapel 65 "And the grass literally grew upon THE wharves" 15 Atlantic House Ill BlRD-SHOOTING ON SCARBOEO' MaRSHES . 109 Breakwater Light 87 Catholic Cathedral 49 Casco Bank 75 Canal Bank 77 Chestnut-Street Church 42 City Hall 45 Congress Street, from Market Square 55 Congress-Street M. E. Church 52 Congress Square 58 Commercial Street 84 Custom House 83 Cushing's Island •• 89 One of the Beaches 90 A BIT OF the Shore 91 Ottawa House 91 One of the Walks 92 White Head 93 Deering's Bridge 117 Deering Mansion 117 Page Evergreen Cemetery, Entrance to 122 The Tombs 123 View in 124 The Ponds 125 Hon. Wm. Pitt Fessenden Monument 125 Samuel Rumery's Monument 125 The Sum.mer House 125 Evergreen Circle 125 Exchange Street, from Middle to Fore 78 F.\.LMouTH Hotel 74 Farm-Scene in East Deering 113 Farm-Scene near Pride's Bridge 124 Female Orphan Asylum 69 First Baptist Church 45 First Church in Portland 17 First Hotel in Portland 10 First N.vnoNAL Bank 70 First Parish Church 41 Franklin Wharf and New Elevator .. 82 Heading of First Newspaper published IN Maine 13 High-Street Church 49 Home for Aged Women 65 140 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. KiNu's Mark 12 KiKKwooD House Ill Lincoln Park 48 Longfellow House 56 Longfellow, Birthplace of 81 Market Square 39 Main Road to Massachusetts 9 Maine Savings Bank 76 Maine General Hospital 65 Marine Hospital 113 Mechanics' Hall 57 Merchants' Bank 77 Middle Street before 1866 16 Middle Street in Ruins 19 Middle Street, from Cross to Union 72 Middle Street, from Plum to Exchange 76 Midwinter Scene 110 MAYORS OF PORTLAND: {Frontispiece). 1832. Andrew L. Emerson Dem. 1882. Jonathan Dow Whig. 1833. John Anderson Bern. 1834-40. Levi Cutter Wliig. 1841. James C.Churchill ^7^77. 1842. John Anderson Bern. 1843-8. Eliphalet Greely Whig. 1849-50. J. B. Cahoon Whig. 1851. Ne.\l Dow Whig. 1852. Albion K. Parris Dem. 1853-4. J. B. Cahoon Whig. 1855. Neal Dow Rep/ib. 1856. James T. McCobb Bern. 1857. William Willis Repuh. 1858-9. Jedediah Jewett Re-pvh. 1860. Joseph Howard Bern. 1861-2. William W. Thomas Repuh. 1863-5. Jacob McLellan Repuh. 1866-7. Augustus E.Stevens Repuh. 1868. Jacob McLellan Repuh. 1869. William L. Putnam Bern. 1870-2. Benjamin Kingsbury, Jr. Repuh. 1873-4. George P. Westcott Repuh. 1875. RosM'ELL M. Richardson Bern. 1876. Francis Fessenden Repuh. Observatory 52 Ocean House 108 Old Orchard Beach 132 Payson Memorial Church 46 Peaks' Island, Jones's Landing 95 " Greenwood " 97 Trefethen's Landing 98 Evergreen Landing 98 The Outer Shore 99 Portland in 1632 8 Portland in 1876 20 Portland Light 107 Portland Savings Bank. 80 Portland Museum 48 PORTRAITS : John A. Poor 17 Parson Smith 25 Ex-Chief- Justice Ether Shepley.... 27 Judge George F. Shepley 27 Hon. William Pitt Fessenden 28 Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr 28 General Neal Dow 29 John Neal 29 Henry W. Longfellow 30 N. P. Willis 30 Rev. Dr. Edward Payson 81 Hon. William Willis 32 Hon. John B. Brown 35 Hon. William W. Thomas 36 Post-Office 79 Presumpscot River, View on the 115 Presumpscot Park 121 Preble House 55 Prout's Neck 112 PRIVATE RESIDENCES: Residence of Dr. H. N. Small 59 " Judge Geo. F. Shepley 61 Henry Fox 62 " General Neal Dow 63 " Albion Little 63 " Hon. John B. Brown 67 " Hon. Israel Washburn, Jr. 68 T. C. Her.sey 69 S. C. Andrews 69 " A. and S. E. Spring 70 " HoLMAN S. Melcher 70 " RuGGLEs S.Morse 71 " Phillip H. Brown 106 J. S. Palmer 118 J. S. RiCKER 119 Captain J. B. Coyle 120 Dr. S. H. Tewksbury 120 Ramsay's Nurseries 128 Scene at end of Custom-House Wharf 86 Seamen's Bethel 65 State Street 60 State Reform School 64 Steamer John Brooks for Boston 88 St. Stephen's Church 49 Sunset from Western Promenade 66 Swedenborgian Church 49 Two-Lights 108 United States Hotel 40 Universalist Church, India Street... 49 Westbrook Seminary 127 INDEX TO TEXT. Page Allan Steamers ... 83 Allen Mission 50 Arniv and Navy Union 56 Artists 34 Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railway .. 17 " House, Searboro' Beach . Ill Authors 31 Bishop's Mansion 47 Board of Trade 35,75 Bohemian, Wreck of ... 109 Boston and Maine Railroad 20, l:il Boulevard UG Bramhall's Hill, Elevation ot 22 " " View from ., '" 68 " " Why named 67 Breakwater 87 Business Men . 35 Campei's-out, Number of 7 Casco Bay, Bird-shooting in 6 " " Description of 3 " " Disaster in .. 86 " " Strange creatures found in 5 " Street Church ... 56 Catholic Cathedral 47 Chestnut Street Churcli 43 City Building ... 44 " Hotel 57 Clay Cove 80 Cleaves, George 25,81 Commercial Street 18,82 " " Old house on 83 " " Scene on 84 Congress Square 57 Street M. E. Church 53 Cumberland and Oxford Canal 16 " Bar, Members of 26 " Mills, Land-slide near 130 Cushing's Island 88 " " Previous names of 89 " " View from 91 Custom House 84 Duties collected in 1790 14 " 1806 14 " 1876 84 Deering Mansion 118 Street 59 Woods 62, 116 Diamond Cove 102 East Deering 113 Eastern Cemeteiy 51 " Promenade, View from .. . ... 54 Elevator, The new 83 English Navy, Supplying Masts for the 13 Evergreen Cemetery 133 " " Price of Lots in ... 124 " Landing 98 E.xchange Street 75 Falmouth Foreside 113 Hotel 74 Female Orphan Asylum 62 Fire of 1866 19, 47, 73, 80 First Baptist Church " Indian War 46 10 " Lighthouse on Maine Coast . . . 106 " Meeting- House, Erection of 9 " Newspaper, Publication of 14.32 " Parish Church 42 " Settlers, Landing of 8 " Steamboat, Arrival of 15 Page. First Tavern opened 10 " Theatre, Erection of 43 " Theatrical Performance 4;j Forest City Cemetery 126 Fort Gorges 88 " Loyal, Erection of 10 " Preble 87 " Scammell ■ ... 87 Free Street 73 " " Baptist Churcli 57 Grand Army 56 " Trunk Railway ... 81, 137 Greele, Widow Alice" 50 llalifa.x Steamers 82 llarpswell ... 101 Dead Ship of '" ... 103 Higgins's Beach High Street Church 110 58 Home for Awd Women 70 Huckster's lUiw 57 India Street 80 International Steamers 85 Islands, The 86 " belonging to city 21 " Names of 4 " Number of 5 Population of 21 Journalists 32 Kirkwood House, Searboro' Beach ... 110 KnightviUe 105 Lincoln Park .. 46 Little Chebeague 101 Long Island 100 Longfellow, Henry W. 29, 51, 56, 62 " Birthplace of ... 81 " House 54 Maine admitted into the Union 15 " Central Railroad 133 " Charitable Meihanics' Association 56 " F'irst daily newspa])cr in ... ■ 33 " " editor imprisoned in 32 " General Hospital 64 " Steamship Company 83 MarketSquare 38 " " Riots in 40 Matthew Cobb House 5a McLellan Mansion 59 Meeting-House Hill 105 Mercantile Library Association 41 Middle Street 73 " " Old bridge over 11 Morrill's Corner 129 Mount Calv^iry Cemetery 12ft " Washington 137 Mowatt, Capture of 52 Munjoy's Hill, Elevation of 22 " " why named 52 Mussey's Row ... " 74 Natural History Society 45 Navy, Officers of 28 New Casco 10,115 " Jerusalem Temple 58 Newspapers, Location of 78 " Managers of 33 Non-intercourse Policy, and Embargo ... 14 North School ;.. 50 " Street, View from 64 Observatory 53 Ocean House, Cape Elizabeth 10& 142 INDEX TO TEXT. Odd Fellows' Hall 41 Portland, Valuation of 8 Old Oichaid Beach 131 and Ogdensburg Railroad 20, 134 " " Fern Park 132 " " Rochester Railroad ... 20, 136 " " " Ocean House 133 Post-Office ... 75 " " " Old Orchard House 132 Preble House ... ... 38,54 " " " SBth of June at 133 Presumpscot Trotting Park ... 122 Orator s and Statesmen 28 Pride's Bridge 129 Park Street Chuich 60 Private Residences, First erection of ... ... 14 Payson Memorial Church 45 Prout's Neck 112 Rev. Dr. Edward 31, 46, 79 Public Library ... 44 Peaks' Island 94 Railways, Introduction of 16 " " Disaster off 99 " Opening of ... 20 " " Number of boarders on ... 95 Ramsay's Nurseries 129 " " Previous names of 96 Reformers ... 29 " " Steamboat Company 86 Reservoir 64 " " View from 99 Revenue Cutter Caleb Gushing ... 18 Pine Street Chucli 63 Revolution, The 12 Plymouth Church 58 Scarboro' Beaches ... 110 Poets 29 Sebago Lake 134 Pond Cove 108 Second Indian War ... 10 Portland, Area of 8,21 Meeting-House, Erection of 11 Burning of, by Mowatt 13 " Parish Church ... 79 Commerce in 1727 11 Smith, Captain John 3,5 Dry Dock Company 104 " Rev. Thomas ... 25 First bank incorporated in ... 14 " " " House of 50 " brick house built in 54 " Tomb of ... 51 " " store built in 14 Spurwink River 109 " preacher in 9 St. Dominic's Church ... 62 Fraternity 57 " Luke's Cathedral ... 61 Harbor 22 " Paul's Church ... 50 A scene in 87 " Stephen's Church 60 Head, Battery on 106 State Reform School ... 68 in the Rebellion 18 " Street 60 Last e.veeution in 53 " Church ... 61 Light 106 Stevens' Plains 123, 126 Museum 43 Storm on the Coast ... 107 Number of streets in ... 23 Thornhurst Farm 114 Oldest gravestone in 51 Treaty with the Indians 53, 115 " hall in 57 Two-Lights ..: 108 " house in 79 United States Hotel ... 38 Population in 1675 9 " " Marine Hospital 113 " 1688 10 Universahst Church, Congress Square ... 58 " 1753 11 " " India Street 50 " 1800,1810 14 " Stevens' Plains ... 128 " 1876 21 Westbrook Seminary 128 Postmasters of 76 Western Cemetery .. 126 Saco, and Portsmouth Railroad 134 " Promenade, View from 67 Statistics of 21 White Head .. 93 Steam Packet Company 16, 83 " Mountain Notch 135 Stone Ware Company 119 Woodford's Corner . 119 Stvles in 177G 12 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. BAILEY & NOYES, 68-70 & 72 Exchange Street, . . . Portland, Me., DEALERS IN PAPER HANGINGS AND CURTAINS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF BLANK BOOKS. 2[^= A full and complete stock in each department. AGENTS FOR CHICKERING'S CELEBRATED PIANOFORTES. UNION MUTUAL INSURE IN -ife Insurance Company THE TRAVELERS OF MAINE. LIFE AND ACCIDENT (Chartered at Augusta, Me., 1848.) Insurance Company OF HARTFORD, CONN. Assets, . . . $10,000,000. Cash Assets, . . . $4,000,000. J. W. PRESSEY, General Agent, ANDREW J. CHASE, General Agent, 31|- Exchange Street, 31 1 Exchange Street, PORTLAND, Me. PORTLAND, Me. AUG. O. LEAVITT. PREBLE DAVIS. LEAVITT & DAVIS, dealers in LADIES' AND MISSES' The celebrated Newark Hand-Sewed Work for (jents' Wear. No. 1 Elm Street, PORTLAND. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. FAC-SIMILE OF MEDAL AWARDED BY MASSACHUSETTS C. M. ASSOCIATION. ZENAS THOMPSON, Jr., Successor to J. M. KIMBALL & CO., MANUFACTURER OF Fine Carriages and Sleighs, 492 8l 494 CONGRESS STREET, PORTLAND, Me, SCHUMACHER BROS, ARTISTS' SUPPLIES, AND Jifaterictls for yVctx Floiver jylcbPcirtg Jfitie IN EVERY VARIETY &\ iff II ^ nil PICTURE-FRAME MANUFACTORY SWISS CARVINGS A SPECIALTY. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN PICTURE-FRAME MOULDINGS OF ALL KINDS. C. J. Schumacher. No. 463 Congress Street, OLD NO. 5 DEERING BLOCK. C. R. F. Schumacher. B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. J. B. BRO\VN & SONS, 40 EXCHANGE STREET, . . . PORTLAND, Me. Business same as an incorporated Bank. Interest allowed on Deposits. Collections made at all points. I Dealers in Government Bonds, American and Foreign Gold and Silver Coin, Dominion i Money, Foreign E.xchange, and Boston, New York, and Montreal Gold Drafts. I Travellers furnished with Letters of Credit and Bills of E.xchange available in all the principal cities in Great Britain and the Continent of Europe. 1 GEO. S. HUNT & CO., Importers of Sugars and Molasses, .\ N O GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS. AGENTS FOR THE EAGLE SUGAR REFINERY. Geo s Hunt HI Commercial street, JFKB/E'ALTr Portland, Me. Jt^OREgT j]lTY ^UQAI^ I^EFININQ j^OMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF CRUSHED, POWDERED, GRANULATED, AND ALL GRADES OF COFFEE SUGARS. ALSO, CRYSTAL AND SILVER-DRIP SYRUPS. Office, 111 Commercial Street, GEORGE S. HUNT, . . . Treasurer and Manager. JOHN W. PERKINS & CO., AND DealePxS in Paints, Oils, & Dye-Stuffs, 74 & 76 Commercial Street, joH.v w. Perkins, 2 & 4 Custoiii House Wharf, Ben|. a. Perkins, J. Henry Crockett. POR TLAND, MainE. B USINESS A NNO UN CEMENTS. WOODBURY & MOULTON, 3.)ttn(ici%s anh J^roficrs, No. 67 Exchange Street. DEALERS IN BONDS, STOCKS. AND SPECIE. Personal and prompt attention given to any inquiries. State, Municipal, and Railroad Bonds bought and sold on commission. First-class investments suitable for Savings-Banks and Trust Funds constantly on hand. Highest market rates paid for Government Bonds. Coupons collected. 5^klii\outl\ Sotel, PORTLAND. ME. This elegant and commodious Hotel is finished and furnished with every regard to comfort and luxury. The Parlors and Sleeping-Rooms are large and well ventilated, and arranged for private families. It is FIRST-CLASS IN ALL ITS APPOINTMENTS. The aim is to make this the most unexceptionable Hotel in New England. This is the only one in Maine that has an Elevator, one of the greatest luxuries to the weary Traveller. The undersigned trusts that his long experience in the Hotel business will give confidence to his friends and the travelling public, that they will receive every attention and comfort, with reasonable charges. seepage 73. L. STEVENS, Manager. D. W. TRUE & CO., WHOLESALE DEALERS IN ]i^LOUR, ^ROCERIE^, AND pROVI^ION^, 141 Cominercial Street, D. W. True. PORTLAND. L M. Cousens. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. carter bros., Fine Watches, Jewelry, SiLVEB AHQ PLATED WABE, 521 Congress, cor. Casco St., . . Portland, Me. A FINE FULL STOCK, CAREFULLY SELECTED. FIRST-CLASS IN EVERY RESPECT. Pfeble Sou^e M. S. GIBSO^ I & Co., . • PROPRIETORS, PORTLAND, ME. M. S. Gibson. Geo. Waterhouse. See page 55. First-Class Gents' Furnishing Store, A SPLENDID STOCK OF NICE GOODS AL WA YS ON HAND. FINE SHIRTS MADE TO ORDER. CHART.ES CUSTIS & CO, 493 Congress Street, Portland. B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. CHARLES H. KIMBALL, nut 180|- Middle Street, Boyd Block, Portland. Designs, Plans, Details, Specifications, Superintendence, etc., for every de- scription of building. UNITED STATES HOTEL, PORTLAND, MAINE. The above popular house, centrally situated in the business quarter of the beau- tiful Forest City, and in close proximity to the leading places of amusement and public buildings, has been thoroughly remodelled, refurnished, and enlarged, and is now open to the public. Billiard Rooms, Bath Rooms, Barber Shop, and Sample Rooms for Com- mercial Travellers, in connection V7ith the house. PERMANENT AND TRANSIENT BOARDERS ACCOMMODATED ON REASONABLE TERMS. See page 40. WOLCOTT & CO., PROPRIETORS. 1876 GEY GOODS. 1876 A FRESH STOCK OF NEW GOODS FOR SPRING AND SUMMER TRADE IN ALL THE NEW AND DESIRABLE DRESS GOODS. HOUSEKEEPING AND DOMESTIC GOODS ALV^^AYS AT THE VERY LOWEST PRICES, AT P. M. FROST'S, Covner Stoi-e, nuclei' falmoiath Hotel. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. F. H. FASSETT & SON, No. 191 Middle Street, PORTLAND, Me. 1835. NEW ENGLAND Igyg. SIGN OF THE LARGE COLD HAT. MUTUAL I A. L. MERRY, LIFE INSURANCE CO, OF BOSTON. B. F. Stevens, P?-es'/. Jos. M. GiBBENS, Secy. No Forfeiture. Every policy protected by " Mass. Law." No Tontines ! or gambling contracts issued by this Company. Equity, Justice, and Prudence are its watch- words. m^^ Send or call for documents. GENERAL OFFICE, Cor. Middle and Exchange Sts., Portland, Me. V. C. TARBOX, Gen'l Agent. J4atter, 237 Middle Street, Portland. DEALER IN Hats, .FhxTS, ^iohes, TniTikis, AND Tra^^ellijig qljcLys. THE LARGEST STOCK OF FURNITURE IN MAINE CAN BE FOUND AT No. 46 EXCHANGE STREET. Our Prices are always the lowest. All Furniture bought of us warranted as represented. Manufacturers and Dealers in all kinds of Furniture. GEO. A. WHITNEY & CO., No. 46 Exchange Street, .... Portland, Me. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. SMALL, KNIGHT, & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF Cabinet, Parlor, and Chapel Organs. OFFICE AND WAREROOMS : 154 EXCHANGE STREET, PORTLAND, Me. UNSURPASSED IN TONE, DESIGN, AND WORKMANSHIP! Every purchaser of which may be sure that he obtains, according to its size, capacity, style, and price, the best instrument which it is practicable in the present state of the art to construct. 51^°° Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List free to any address. WM. H. OHLER, AND Sewing"- Machine Repairer. ALL KINDS OF SEWING-MACHINES REPAIRED. OHLER'S AMERICAN OIL Does not gum or become rancid. 25 cents per Bottle THE LARGEST AND ONLY COMPLETE CUTLERY ESTABLISHMENT THIS SIDE OF BOSTON. NEEDLES OF ALL KINDS 60 cents per dozen. Sent by return mail to all parts of the country. The largest assortment of SHUTTLES, NEEDLES, and parts of all kinds of Machines in the State Wholesale and Retail. Over 18,000 Machines Repaired. 258 MIDDLE STREET, Over H. H. Hay's, PORTLAND, Me. Besides our large stock of the best and finest Imported Cirtlery, we would call the special attention of the public to our own manufacture of Every description of Knives, Razors, Shears, and Scissors, AND ALL KINDS OP EDGE TOOLS MADE TO ORDER. Every Article Warranted. ^^^ Special attention given to Concaving and Honing Razors, Grinding Shears atid Scissors. ULMER 8l HEHR, 35 Temple Street, - - Portland. DR. W. R. JOHNSON. §tnikt, Office over H. H. Hay's Apothecary Store, Junction Free and Middle Streets, PORTLAND, n ij*"^' -^'il^^^ '^^•^" '" ''^"'^' practice twenty-five years. He is the first dentist in Portland who built up with Gold, to their original form, teeth that were half or more gone by decay, and they are made durable by him, too. Dr. J. IS also the first in Portland who prepared NITROUS OXIDE, or LAUGHING GAS, while under the administration of which he EXTRACTS TEETH WITHOUT PAIN. Ether also is administered by him with perfect safety. Dr. J. has all necessary facilities for fitting ARTIFICIAL TEETH, from one to a full set, on GOLD, SILVER, or VULCANITE RUBBER. He is ustng a new material for artificial teeth, which is far superior to either gold or rubber Persons in want of a good, practical, success- ful, and experienced Dentist will do well to give him a call before going elsewhere. He takes no advantage of his patrons by charging exorbitant or fancy prices. B USINESS ANNO UN CEMENTS. SWAN & BARRETT, (J^CLiz/cers cuicL oLjr'olzers^ 200 Middle St., Portland, Dealers in Government, State, City, Town, and Railroad Bonds, Bank Stock and Gold. 2i^P^ A specialty made of Securities suitable for Savings-Banks, and for the investment of Trust Funds. Francis K. Swan. F. R. Barrett. George P. Barrett. PORTLAND STEAM PACKET COMPANY. DAILT LINE OF FIRST-CLASS STEAMERS BETWEEN Portland and Boston, THROUGHOUT THE TEAR. ^7lv--JiP' }%-X ONE OF THE FIRSTCLASS SIDEWHEEL STEAMERS OF THIS LINE, JOHN BROOKS, - - - FALMOUTH, - - - FOREST CITY, Will leave FRANKLIN WHARF, Portland, and INDIA WHARF, Boston, every evening. Sundays excepted, arriving in season to make connections with the earliest morning trains. The Steamers of this line are well furnished, and have a large number of ELEGANT AND AIRY STATE-ROOMS. LEAVE BOSTON, in Summer, at 7 P. M. In Winter, at 5 P. M. " PORTLAND, at 7 P. M., throughout the year. WM. WEEKS, Agent, J. B. COYLE, Jr., Gen. Ag't, India Wharf, Boston. See pages 16, 83. Franlilln W harf, Portland. STEPHEN BERRY, No. 37 PLUM STREET, PORTLAND, ME. Exchange Street after the Great Fire. 10 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. LORING. SHORT, & HARMON, Blank-Book Manufacturers. UNDER THE FALMOUTH HOTEL, PORTLAND. GLEN HOUSE, White Mountains, N. H. « »« » > This widely known favorite Summer resort will be reopened June i6, 1876. It is one of the largest summer resorts in the United States, elegantly furnished, and every room lighted with gas. Is the only house where its extensive piazzas hold a front and grand commanding view, from base to summit, of Mts. Washington, Jef- ferson, Adams, and Madison, head of Tuckerman Ravine, and the Carter Range ; forming the finest panorama to be obtained in the whole Mountain region of New Hampshire. It is also noted for an immediate relief it gives to the many who are afflicted with Catarrh and Hay Fever. Address, until June 15, W. & C. R. MILLIKEN, After June 15, Glen House, N, H. Portland, Me. GEO. A. JONES, Lecture and Musical Agency, 517 Washington Street, bostoj^. Lyceum Committees, Societies, and Managers furnished with the finest Lecture and Musical talent at lowest prices. Prices and list furnished on application. B USINESS ANNO UNCEMENTS. 11 POHTLANG Corner Congress and Exchange Streets. MHSEHM, I. T. WYER, PROPRIETOR. SEASON FROM OCTORER TO JUNE. Here may be witnessed the Best Dramatic Entertainments, with a constant and unfailing supply of novelties. Every Evening and on Wednesday and Saturday Afternoons, in which appear a large and most popular Stock Company. See page 43. INTERNATIONAL Steamship Company. LINE OF STEAMERS BETWEEN BOSTON, PORTLANB.EASTPORT ST. JOHN, N. B. WITH CONNECTIONS TO CALAIS, Me., HALIFAX, N. S., CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E.I., &c., &c., &c. W. C. CLARK, 205 Federal Street, 5 doors East of Temple St., PORTLAND, ME. 'Qa3 y\ND ¥/aT£:R pIPINQ. _, i^^ 3 1^-| ^^^°^- ^^* ^^^ Water Pipe in- ^»r^^> S ^^"-^ 'vK^*\ '■■°<^"ced into Houses, ^^^^^-^M?^*'^^^^ Halls, Hotels, and - i^^*(C:» '"^^ Public Buildings in a r »!?&?■ ^.^^^'^Tl fv' faithful manner. Also, V'^ Gas Fixtures, Images, .ind Busts rebronzed -■•^ e ^<: i-=;^— """^ made to look as " ^i^V^ • T^^^^?^ good as new. GAS RINtJS AND .lETS MADE TO ORDER. PLUMBING of all kimls promptly atteiwled to. CorrtpovLTid Syr^ixp of LzirLgTvo~rt FOR COUGHS, GOLDS, AND ALL DISEASES OF THE THROA^T A.ND LUlSraS. REFERENCES, ALL THOSE WHO HAVE USED IT. C. WAY X- CO., Proprietors, PORTLAND, Me. 12 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. THE PORTLAND TRANSCRIPT jL First-ClcLss Ltter^ary 'Weekly, Filled with Original Stories and Sketches, by the best writers ; Poems, Essays ; Sketches of Travel and Adventure ; Reviews of and Extracts from New Books ; Editorial Comments on Passing Events ; Letters from Tourists ; Foreign and Domestic News ; State and City Items ; Fun and Sentiment ; Illustrated Rebuses, Puzzles, Enigmas, &c. ; Markets and Commercial Review ; Marine List. TERMS: $ 2.50 per year. $ 2.00 if paid strictly in Advance. Clubbing with other Periodicals. The Publishers of the Transcript have made arrangements with the leading Magazines and other Periodicals, by which they can furnish most of the reading matter desired, at rates much below those charged when not taken in club. Send for specimen copy of Portland Transcript. For full particulars, address, ELWELL, PICKARD, & CO., Portland, Me. yo ^^DVERTI^ERg. The Transcript has a limited space devoted to advertisements, and its great circulation makes it the best possible medium for business men desiring to attract attention. Its circulation surpasses that of any other paper, daily or weekly, in the city, in the county, and in the State. For further information and for terms, apply to the publishers. ELWELL, PICKARD, & CO., 44 Exchange St., Portland, Me. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 13 PORTLAND AN D OGDENSBU RG RAILROAD. The Pleasure Route to the White Mountains! RUNS IN CONNECTION WITH ALL LINKS CENTRING AT PORTLAND. THE SHORTEST AND MOST ATTRACTIYE ROUTE NORTH CONWAY, "Glen," "Crawford," "Fabyan," "Twin Mountain," and "Profile' Houses, AND SUMMIT OF MOUNT WASHINGTON. OBSERVATION GARS THROUGH THE FAMOUS ^VHITE MOJTJVTAIJSr ^ISTOTCH. For information of running of trains and connections, see Time-Tables and Circulars. CHAS. H. FOYE, G. T. A. J. HAMILTON, Sup't. Depot in Portland : Commercial, foot of State Street. 14 BUSINESS ANNOUNGEMENTS. WILLIAM SENTER & CO., NAUTICAL, OPTICAL, AND MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS, VVM. SENTER. No. 54 EXCHANGE STREET, Portland, Maine. WM. SENTER, JR. AGENTS FOR WALTHAM WATCHES. ortlanb l^bberfeer. Founded in 1785. The Oldest Newspaper in Maine. THE ONLY EVENING PAPER IN PORTLAND. FOUIi EDITIONS DAILY. ••• The Advertiser has a large city circulation, is sold on all the afternoon trains running out of Portland, and at the principal stations, and reaches the seaside and mountain resorts near Portland on the evening of publication, with the latest news forwarded by the agents of the Associated Press from all parts of the world For several years, the owners and managers of summer resorts have recognized the excellence of the Adver- tiser as a medium for addressing their patrons ; and advertisers in general, who wish to reach the people of Port- land, the travelling public, or summer visitors on the Maine Coast or in the White Mountains, will find no better opportunity than through the same columns. The Advertiser last year published more advertisements of summer resorts and boarding-places than all the other papers in Maine together. A special feature of the advertising columns is the cheap cash rate, — a cent a line for each publication. Seven words make a nonpareil line, and twelve lines make an inch. This rate is offered only for cash in advance. Orders by mail promptly attended to. Address DAILY ADVERTISEK, 197 Federal Street, Portland, Me. ^ LI^7'E jsrEWsrj.JPER I HAS A LARGER CIRCULATION THAN EVER BEFORE REACHED BY ANY SUNDAY PAPER IN MAINE. it is The only Sunday paper east of Boston receiving the Associated Press Despatches. It has nil the late lnc;il news up to four o'clock Sunday morning, a weekly fashion article, dramatical and musical notes, and other good reading. . . . Its Large Circulation makes it one of the best advertising mediums in the city. GILES O. BAILEY, Publisher, At Williams' Block, Five doors below City Hall. BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. 15 T//B POPULAR AND FAVORITE ROUTE. SHORTEST LINE BETWEEN PORTLAND AND NEW YORK, mWrM A'o Vexatious Transfers I >o Delays ! First-class Eqiiiitineuts ! Try it T 16 BUSINESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. j. h. lamson, Portrait Photographer, 244 Middle, corner of Cross Street, PORTLAND, Me. MOTTO: Good Work at Moderate Prices. - AIM: To Please. COPYING AND ENLARGING DONE TO ORDER. "Tlje Best Insurance at tlje Lowest Consistent Rates." BARXES BROTHERS, General Insurance Agents, 28 Exchange Street, Portland, Me., REPRESENTING First-Class, Reliable, and Independent Companies, furnishing the Most Undoubted Indemnity! aE^ERA^L TTCE:ET ^aGEJS^TS. TICKETS TO ALL POINTS SOUTH AND WEST, by the most desirable routes, and at Lowest Prices. Portland Agents of PORTLAND AND WORCESTER Line, PENNSYLVANIA Rail- road, etc., etc. R. S. RAND, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN JUrOCKERY, JIIhINA, ^QLAg3, fluTLERY, pLATED-V/ARE, AHO FAHCY GOODS, DOOR PLATES AND HOUSE NUMBERS. 569 CONGRESS STREET, Near Green Street, PORTLAND, Me. ■'?y LIBRARY OF 1111 CONGRESS