Glass. Book HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF NEW HAVEN, CONN., FROM ITS EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME. WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND STATISTICAL INFORMATION OF THE luWit Institutions, ^l, i't. BY JOH:^ W. barber, AUTHOR OF SEVERAL HISTORICAL WORKS, AND LEMUEL S. PUNDERSON. tSee pages 70 and 71.] * MEW HAVEi¥, €©]¥]¥.: PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY L. S. PUNDERSON and J. W. BARBER. BTEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY J. H, BENHAM, 1866. >^ ■^ v^*r J: /^ PREFA-CE. It is now about twenty-five years since the senior author of this work first published the History and Antiquities of New Haven ; being the first and only work of the kind (excepting the Statistical Account of the City, by Dr. Dwight, in 1811) which had yet been published respecting this place. This work has been out of print for several years. It has been frequently called for, and it is be- lieved that the time has arrived when a new, and more extended history, should be offered to the public. Few places in our country can furnish more interesting materials of its past history than New Haven. Its first settlers were a re- markable body. Distinguished above most men by high moral principles, and an inflexible attachment to civil and religious liberty, they were, indeed, of the best class of the nation from which they emigrated. Many of them had moved in superior ranks of life, and some had held offices of great trust and responsibility in their native country. Disdaining to sacrifice " a good conscience" for personal ease or popularity, they exiled themselves from their native land. Fired with a noble zeal for the welfare of the race, these genuine Puri- tans transplanted tjiemselves to a wilderness, where they might have " freedom to worship God." Armed with conscious rectitude, and faith in a Divine Being, though surrounded by savages, they ventured to lay the foundations of a Christian commonwealth. No attempt has been made to write a formal history ; the object being moi*e to collect valuable and interesting facts. Some of these- may possibly be deemed too trivial to be noticed, but it is true, as Dr. Johnson has well said, " posterity delights in details." It also may be observed that we of the present age are not always the best judges of what may prove to be of the most interest or value to those who come after us. Much, undoubtedly, has been lost to the world by fastidious views on this subject. Many extracts have been taken from ancient newspapers printed in this place. These " Journals of the times," in which events are detailed, as it were, on the spot and time of occurrence, are of great value as historical documents. In the compilation of this work we are under obligations to sev- eral gentlemen who have superior facilities for obtaining correct information on every subject relating to New Haven. Considering the great number and variety of subjects introduced, it is quite possible some inaccuracies may be found. However this may be, we feel conscious of having used all ordinary means to present to the public a reliable history. J. W. BARBER, L. S. PUNDERSOK New Haven, Conn. CONTENTS. TJLGH. Alarm in New Haven . . 168 Alms House 40 Andross, Gov. visit to N. H. 104 Andross, letter cone. Goff . 101 Arnold, B., advertisement . 118 Arnold, estate confiscated . 139 Anthracite Coal first used . 59 Ashmun's monument . . 145 Ashmun, Funeral of . . 146 Austin, David, notice of 142, 152 Augur's Statue, Jeptha, &c. 161 Attention to Strangers . . 43 Asylum, Orphan .... 42 Bacon, Rev. Dr., Hist. Disc. 23 Baptist Churches ... 31 Banks 55 Beacon at East Haven . . 133 Berkley, Dean, donation of 15 Blue Law^s of Connecticut 8^. Books given to Yale Coll. . 13 British seamen captured . 169 Cabinet, Mineral, and Geolog. 17 Campbell, Adjutant, killed . 122 Campbell's Grave . . . 131 Capture of the Susan, &c. . 170 Catholic Churches ... 31 Canal, Farmington ... 48 Carriages and Wagons . . 60 Cemeteries 33 Centennial Celebration, . 154 Chapel Street, plan of . . 172 Cheever, Ezekiel, notice of . 162 FAOB Churches. — Center Ch., 24 — Chapel-st., 27 — College- st., 27 — Episcopal, Prot., 28— Howe-st., 27— North Church, 26 — South Cong., 28 — Third Cong., 26 — White Haven, 25 — Woos- ter Place, 28 — Baptist Churches, 31 — Catholic Churches, 31 — Methodist Episcopal, 29 — Churches in Westville, 32— Do. Fair Haven, Universalist Ch., 32 — Jewish Congregation, 32 Connecticut Hall .... 16 Conn. Academy of Arts and Sciences 50 Columbian Register extracts 168 Chronological Table . . 175 City, growth of ... . 63 Clap, Pres., Insc. on Monument 147 Cornstalk juice distilled . 139 Coal, Anthracite, first intro. 59 Cotton Manufactory . . 58 Criminals, branded, cropped 111 Cutter, U. S., Eagle, captured 170 Common Schools .... 52 County House and Jail . 39 Cornwallis' surrender, rejoic- ing, &c 138 College [Yale] Founding of, 11 — First Commencement of. Library of, removed to fi, C,0 N T E N T S . PACK. PAO«. New Haven, 13— Name of, George III. proclaimed king 110 15_College Buttery and Government, Civil and Reli- Butler, 20— Faculty of, 21 gious, formation of . . 70 —Medical College, 21— Goff, Gen., notice of . . 92 Bill of fare, 18. Goff, anecdotes of, 97, 98— Letter to his wife, 94 — ap- Davenport, Rev. J. . . . 89 pearance at Hadley, sup- Davenport, lines on, . . . 163 posed to be an angel, 99 — Davenport, James, irregulari- jjjg journal, 91— Conceal- ties of 85 j^pjjj at Hartford, 101 — Deserters, British ... 169 Monument, supposed, 100. Delaware, lands purchased 73 Governor's Guard march to Deaths in New Haven, . . 174 Boston 120 Dixwell, Colonel, notice of . 103 Grammar School, Hopkins' 51 Dixwell, ancient monument 106 Greenwich purchased . . 73 Dixwell, view of new do. . 108 Greenwich, misdemeanors at 84 Doolittle, Amos, notice of . 157 Guilford, General Court at . 12 Dutch, trouble with ... 74 Dutch apply for assistance . 75 Hadley, Gen. Goff at . . 99 Dwight, Timothy, notice of 148 Hardy, Commodore, notice of 25 Dyke across W. meadow . 44 Hillhouse, James, notice of . 152 • r. ,-,n Hopkins, Gov., notice of 51,163 Eagle. U. S. cutter, capture of 170 ^^^^^.^^, ^^^^^^^ g^^^^^ ^^ Eaton, Gov., notice of . , 90 Horticultural Society . . 56 ^^>°"S^^°^^ f^ Hospital, State .... 41 Earl, portrait painter . . 157 Houses of Public Worship . 23 Engraving, first, in L. H. . 157 Humphreys. Col. David, no- Farmington Canal ... 48 tice of, view of monument, First School House ... 51 inscription, 149 First Newspaper .... 109 , ^ . . . p. „. _ , PC Indians, Qumnipiacs . . d5 Fire Department .... 55 ^ ,. __.,, __ ^. , . T TTTi- c t Ai Indian Hill dd Fire, destructive. Long Wharf 141 , , _o 1? . T> „ » TT-n ICQ Indian executed .... 78 Fort on Prospect Hill . . 1d9 , , . -» T, , rxr , r- 11 in Indian marks or Signatures W Freshmen ot i ale College . 19 ^ , , . . __ .^ ^ , or Inhabitants of New Haven ^T^'t \ ,?? from 1639 to 1645 . . 76 Fulton Steamboat . . . 171 inhabitants of N. H., 1748 . 88 Gas Company 60 Ingersoll, notice of . . . 118 Gorges, Sir F., lines on Da- Ingersoll, resignation of office venport 164 of Stamp Master, &o. . 114 CONTENTS, in. Invasion of New Haven Institute, Young Men's PAGE. 121 54 Judges (Regicides) history of 91 Judges, anecdotes of, 97 — Dexterity of, 98 — Cave oh W. Rock, 96 — Signatures (fac simile), 91. Jones, Gov., notice of . . 146 Kingsley, Prof , notice of . 173 La Fayette, visit to N. Haven 143 Laws for Freshmen ... 19 Laws, New Haven Code . 82 Lancasterian School ... 52 Lamberton, plot against . 75 Lawrence and Ludlow, bodies of, pass through N. H. . 168 Lexington, action at . . . 158 Lexington, engraving of . 158 Libraries, Public .... 54 Library, Yale Coll., removed 13 Long Wharf 44 Manufactories, &c. ... 57 Map, oldest of, New Havtn 87 Markets, Public .... 41 Mecom,B,, Printer, &c. . 113 Methodist Episcopal Churches 29 Medical College .... 21 Meeting-House, seating of, in 1646 164 Mineralogical and Geol. Cab, 17 Mulberry Orchards ... 61 Morse, Jedediah, notice of . 151 Names of First Settlers . 76 Names of persons killed in the invasion of New Haven . 125 PAQE. N. Haven City, 9 — Population 64 New Haven, Ancient Hist, of 65 New Haven, Livasion of . 121 New Haven, Deaths in . . 174 New Township .... 64 Newspaper, first, in N. H. . 109 Newspapers and Periodicals, List of, published in N. H. 166 Newspapers in New Haven 10 Newspaper Extracts previous to the Revolution . . . 109 Newspaper Extracts during the Revolution .... 132 Newspaper Extracts during the War of 1812 ... 168 Orphan Asylum 42 Paintings in Trumbull Gallery 160 Paper captured by the enemy 171 Paper Mills 58 Paupers (Town) advertised 112 Pavements of side walks . 50 Pavilion 62 Peace Rejoicing in 1783 . 140 Peters' History of Connecticut 82 Peters' Credibility as Historian 83 Powder, manufacture of . 61 Privateer New Broom . . 137 Prospect Hill Fort ... 169 Public Houses 61 Powder, manufacture of . . 61 Public Square 171 Rail Roads 49 Records of N. H., curious . 80 Regicides, History of . . 91 Rocks, West and East . . 62 Seating of first Meeting Ho. 164 IV. CONTENTS. PAGK. Schools, common, 52 — Eaton, 53— Select Boarding, 53— Webster, 53— First Lan- casterlan, 52 — Grammar, 51 — Public Schools, Free, location, 53. State House 36 Steam Boat, first from N. Y. 47 Seamen, British, captured . 169 Sabbath day Houses ... 33 Seven Pillars, constituted, &c. 7 1 Students, number of . . . 22 Stiles, Pres,, inaguration of 135 Stiles, Pres., notice of . . 147 Sherman, Roger, notice of . 151 Stamp Act repealed . . . 120 Ship seen in the air . . . 79 Southold, L. I., purchased 73 Sabbath, first in N. Haven 66 Stoves, when introduced . 60 Signatur'Js of Generals GofT, Whalleyand Col. Dixwell 91 Slaves advertised for sale . Ill Settlers in New Haven, list of, from 1639 to 1645 . 76 Strangers, attention to . . 43 Square, Public 37 Town Paupers advertised . 112 Tomlinson's Bridge ... 46 Theatrical Entert'ments, «„<;^":^ of the disease (yellows) is not known. W« bebeve « (to some decrree) extends throughout the country. It is tiue some go°od peaches are raised ; but the trees contmue but " tn ln"e" years (virgalieu pears,) White Doyenne, were raised in^his City in great abundance, but now have become imperfect. The same is true of the Jonah pears fo™y th^ey were a fine winter pear-becoming yellow by keeping, and were tender, sweet, and juicy. They have uow ^become small, and of a woody texture. The nound pear has suffered the same deterioration. ^ The Society have had annual (and durmg summer, weekW) exhibitions of its fruits, vegetables, and flowers I^nce its organization up to the present time. Son^e years the exhibition has been held in connection with the igricultural Society. Since 1833, they have been held in the State House. MANUFACTORIES, &c. From the settlement of the To^vn .p ^.-^Jhe commencem^^^^^ of ^^FHxt Jl^^^-i-d bv farmers for their own .se and a. .. J\T. Tf merchandise ; most merchants keeping it in their stores ?or tale Ilnost every family ha.l theh^ spinning-wheels, and mo^ ?:™™ the shlves, hat.heling and separating the tow from the flax, epianing, weaving, and whitem.ig the cloth, Ae. 58 Formerly there was much more linen used in families than at present. Cotton cloth has taken the place of it, and is much cheaper. When cotton cloth was first introduced, it was coarse, and called hum-hum^ and brought from Calcutta. COTTON MANUFACTORY. One of the first manufactories of cotton cloth in this State and country was erected in this town, at Westville, on the site of the paper-mill, owned by the Messrs. Park- er, not far from 1790. John R. Livingston, of New York, in connection with David Dixon and Wm. Mcin- tosh, were the principal owners. The State, in order to encourage the undertaking, agreed to pay $3000 upon certain condhions, which we believe were complied with. Large quantities of very fine cotton cloth, likewise cot- ton yarn and wick, table cloths, &c. were manufactured there. Calico printing was carried on at one time, and the blocks on which it was printed were carved there. Woolen Cloths and Satinets were manufactured there at a subsequent period. For causes to us unknown, the business was suspended after several years, and the building, which was a large one, (100 feet in length and four stories high,) converted into a paper-mill. This was burnt, as is supposed, by an incendiary, in 1837. PAPER MILLS. The firstPaper-Mill erected in this town was at West- ville, in 1776, by David Bunce, on the site of the auger and tool Factory of Wales French, Esq. Subsequently a Paper Mill was built at the base of West Rock. The Paper-Mill of the Messrs. Parker, in the same village, has a Fourdrinier machine, where the paper comes out " cut and dried'' — a wonderful improvement upon the old method of making it by hand, one sheet at a time, which required two men and a boy, and then had to be pressed and dried in a loft above, occupying days, and perhaps weeks, depending upon the weather. 59 New Haven has become one of the largest manufkc-' turing towns in the State.* The largest amount of capi- tal employed in any one business is the manufacture of Carriages. ANTHRACITE COAL. Anthracite Coal was first introduced into this City in 1827, by Harrison and Reynolds, who were the agents for its sale. Previous to that time, wood was about the only thing used for fuel. Some families used a small quantity of peat. In the winter season a great number of teams came into the City, when the wea- ther permitted, loaded with wood. They were accustomed to have stands in different parts of the City, where persons would go to buy their wood, as they would go to the market for provisions. One stand was at the south end of the Colleges ;f one at the corner of Chapel and Church-streets, and one at " Bradley's Corner," (corner of Chapel and State-streets.) At these places, the streets at timea were almost blocked up with teams. "Wood was brought sometimes from a great distance, and much anxiety was manifested by intelligent persons in order to ascertain in what manner we were to be supplied with fuel in future years. Wood was becoming scarce, and increasing in value. It did not grow as fast as it was consumed. Providentially, about this time coal was introduced. A great deal of obloquy was cast upon the agents who had the sale of it. Persons did not believe it would burn. It was first used in the Tontine, in grates ; a person was sent from New York to set them up. Many persons went to see it burn, and i\iQ faithless were made to believe. The quantity of coal consumed when first introduced was email, but has been constantly increasing, so that at the pres- ent time almost every family use it for warming their dwellings, and for cooking. It has done much to build up our manufactories^ It would be impossible to ascertain the number of tons consumed in this City, as immense quantities are taken into the country. About twenty years previous to this some gentlemen of * Some years since, a gentleman from a distance inquired of Professor Silliman, Sen., what it was that supported New Haven. The ready reply was : '* The manufacture of mind and matter ;" re- ferring to our college, schools, and manufactories. t The students at that time purchased their wood and had it cut the rear of the Colleges, before wood saws were generally used. in 60 this City were interested in a coal mine in Pennsylvania, and some specimens were brought here. It was placed upon a common wood fire, and, of course, would not io-- nite, and was condemned, not knowing how to burn it. The same ignorance was manifested in other cities when it was first introduced. CARRIAGES AND WAGONS. Carriages and Wagons were not very common until the com- mencement of the present century. Some of the aristocracy or *' Notables," rode in Chaises or Chairs, as they were called. In 1761, there were only/owr in New Haven. Boys were obliged to carry the grist to mill upon the backs of horses, and sometimes had a great deal of trouble, especially when the bags were not well balanced. Wives and daughters rode upon side-saddles and pillions. In 1798, there was only one Public Carriage in the City. Gentle- men and ladies, in going longer or shorter distances, rode on horse- back. STOVES. A few Franklin open Stoves were used previous to 1800 ; like- Wise Box Stoves of cast and sheet iron in mechanics' shops. Not many Cooking Stoves were used until after 1820. They were greatly multiplied in number aud kinds after the introduction of Anthracite coal, in 1827. Cylinder Stoves and Grates came into use at that time. Cooking Ranges were of a later period ; like- wise Furnaces in cellars for warming buildings. NEW HAVEN GAS COMPANY. This Company was chartered in 1847, and commenced business the following year. The number of miles of the main pipes laid in the streets, is 15 1-3 miles. The number of Public Lamps on the 1st of Dec, 1855, were 189. The number of consumers at the same time, 1252. Many families, up to the year 1800, and even later, used dipped Tal- low Candles, which were made in most families. The loicks in early times, before cotton was introduced, were made of tow. These candles were kept for sale in most of the grocery stores. They va- ried in size and quality. Some were made of pot fat, which con- 61 tained a little salt, which caused a continued decrepitation, or sput- tering. Our ancestors were acquainted with the fact which Dr. Fi'anklin afterwards published in Paris, " That sun-light was more economical than candle-light." Not much whale oil was used until the com- mencement of the pi'esent century. The various burning fluids have been introduced since the year 1840. During the revolutionary "War, and for several years after, up to the commencement of the present century, large quantities of pow- der were manufactured in this town, at "Westville. There were two mills engaged in the business — one in the upper, and the other in the lower part of the village. The business was carried on by Isaac Doolittle, Jeremiah Atwater, and Elijah Thompson. Church Bells were cast by Isaac Doolittle, in a foundry on the south side of West Chapel-street, Another foundry for casting Bells was near Bell Lane, now called Grand-street. Previous to 1790, there were several Mulberry Orchards planted in this town. Quite a number of the inhabitants were engaged in raising silk-worms. How much silk was manufactured we have not been informed. PUBLIC HOUSES. The Tontine Hotel stands fronting the Public Square, on the east side of Church-street, with a wing extending upon Court-street. It was built in 1824-5, and in 1854 was thoroughly repaired and newly furnished, and the exterior walls painted. Several buildings formerly built for dwelling houses, are now connected with it. The New Have?^ Hotel likewise fronts the Public Square, on the south side of Chapel-street, with a wing extending upon College-street. It was built in 1850-1, and is a beautiful structure, not surpassed by any in the City. The elevation of the ground on which it stands, is the same as the Colleges ; being 40 feet above tide-water. 6 62 The Pavilion stands facing the Harbor and Sound, not far from the Steamboat Wharf. It was built in 1816, and is not opened for a public house, except in the warm season. Station House. — ^This is on the west side of Union-street, extend- ing from Chapel to Cherry-street, and joining the rear of the stores on State-street. It is a large structure, and contains two large sit- ting-rooms — one for ladies, with rooms adjoining, and one for gen- tlemen ; besides a Hestaurant, and several rooms for baggage, cfec.^ In the tower of the building (which contains a clock and bell,) ia the office of the Assistant Superintendent of the N. Y. and N. H. K. R., and the Agent of the Canal R. R. Connected with the Station House is a fine Hotel, four stories high, fronting on State-street. This House is kept upon the Euro- pean plan, and is finished in modern style. The entrance to it from the Station House is on the same level with the Hotel, being very convenient for travelers. WEST AND EAST ROCKS. West Rock, which forms a bold and prominent object in the scenery about New Haven, is 325 feet in height. The village of Westville, (formerly Hotchkisstown,) sit- uated at its base, is about two miles north-west from the central part of the City. It is similar in its forma- tion and general appearance to East Rock, about two miles north-east from theCity. These rocks are trap, and are composed of horn- blende and feldspar. Iron enters considerably into their composition ; hence, during their decomposition, iron rust gradually covers the exterior of the stone, thus giv- ing it a reddish, or rather brown appearance. It forms an excellent building stone, and is extensively employed for that purpose in New Haven. Their fronts are com- posed of vast assemblages of columns, more or less regu- lar, and are full of cracks and fissures, from which cause it probably arises that they are liable to break off, and. fall, in consequence of water getting in and freezing. Hence vast masses of broken rocks, from the smallest size to that of the largest columns, are found sloping from the bases of these mountains up their fronts, for more than half their height. 63 The fronts of both West and East Rocks were wisely retained by the early settlers as common j^ropertT/, so that any person belonging to the town has a right to convey away as many stone as they please. On the summit, the proprietors claim about two rods back from the front ledges. This property, which is of immense value to the town, also other common and undivided lands, are under the supervision of the " Proprietors' Committee," with the approval of the Selectmen. GROWTH OF THE CITY. Like all other Cities whose settlement commenced at an early period, its growth has been gradual. It could not boast of the richness of its soil or its extensive water privileges. Still a healthy and steady progress has been made. The opening of the Farmington Ca- nal gave quite an impulse to business. In 1817, Crown- street did not extend to York-street. Daggett's Pond, at the intersection of Crown and Park-streets, was filled in, and the grounds leveled, and Crown extended to Howe-street, about 1820. In 1826, there was only one street west of York-street parallel with it, until you came to West-street. All the buildings west of York and south of Maple-street have been built since 1815, with few exceptions. There were a few houses, it is true, but they were ''few and far be- tween.^' Many of our elderly people remember a gate, about six rods west of York street, across the road now called West Chapel-street, through which caws were driven to pasture. The former residence of ^neas Munson, M. D., stood, until within a few years, about twenty feet north of its present location, partly blocking up the street. The houses on Dixwell-street have been built, with three exceptions, since 1817. High-street, from Elm to Grove, was opened in 1837-8. In 1828, 'there were only five dwelling houses in Orange-street north of Grove, and only one street crossing it. Formerly that part of the City lying east of Union- 64 street was called the New Township,^ There was a slaughter-house at the foot of what is now called Green- street, and a few small buildings in that section of the City. Land, until a recent period was sold by the acre, and used for pasture and cultivation. In 1832, James Brewster, Esq., who has expended more to build up and improve New Haven than any one citizen, removed his carriage manufactory to what was afterwards called Brewsterville. He purchased thirteen acres, with the buildings thereon standing, including the Pavilion, which had been built for a steamboat hotel. The property there, had depreciated. He built a large brick carriage manufactory at the foot of Wooster-street, of the size of the one now standing, which was burnt during the same year, and immediately rebuilt. East, Wallace, andHamilron-streets, extended no further north than Wooster. From that time to the present that sec- tion of the City has rapidly increased. The streets noi-th from Grand-street, and many other in all parts of the City were opened in 1836-7. Most of the houses south and west from Meadow and George- sfreets have been built since the last mentioned date. New Haven of late years has become a residence for gentlemen retiring from business, for literary men, and for families wishing to educate their children. It has ad- vantages superior to most other places, being " beautiful for situation," and surrounded with romantic scenery. POPULATION OF NEW HAVEN. Year. No. of Inhabitants. 1790, 4,484. 1800, 5,157. 1810, 6,967. 1820, 8,327. 1830, 10,678. 1840, 14,390. 1850, 22,529. 1855, 31,549. ANCIENT HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN. The local situation of New Haven appears to have been known to the Dutch some years before the arrival of the English settlers : they designated the place by the name of ''Red Rocky It was doubtless so called from the appearance of the East and West Rocks near the place. Its Indian name was Quinnipiac, which name was given to the river forming the eastern boundary of the township, to the adjacent country, and to the tribe by which it was inhabited. The Quinnipiacs have long since been extinct : they dwelt in the summer on the shore, for the convenience of fishing ; and in the winter, in the forests, for the abundance of fuel. They had a place for powawing in East Haven, about three quarters of a mile east of the harbor bridge. The spot was formerly a swamp, and is now a meadow. Charles, the last sachem of this tribe, died nearly one hundred years since. He was frozen to death near a spring, about one mile north of the Congregational Church in East Haven. They are said to have had neither marriages nor divorces. They caught round clams with their feet, and taught the English to catch them in this manner. The Indian arrow-heads, frequently found here, are ex- actly like some which have been brought from Cape Horn. At Fort Hill, or as it is now called. Beacon Hill, there was formerly an Indian fort, and an Indian burying, ground, on the eastern side of the hill. The name of this spot was formerly Indian Hill — The above is about all the account we have of the original inhabitants. On the 26th of July, 1637, Mr. John Davenport, Mr. Samuel Eaton, Theophilus Eaton, and Edward Hopkins, Esqrs., Mr. Thomas Gregson, and many others of good characters and fortunes, arrived at Boston. Mr. Daven- 6* 66 port bad been a celebrated minister in the city of London, and was a distinguished character for piety, learning, and good conduct. Many of his congregation, on account of the esteem which they had for his person and ministry, followed him into New^ England. Mr. Eaton and Mr. Hopkins had been merchants in London, possessed great estates, and were men of eminence for their abilities and integrity. The fame of Mr Davenport, the reputation and good estates of the principal genilemen of this com- pany, made the people of Massachusetts exceedingly de- sirous of their settlement in that commonwealth. Great pains were taken not only by particular persons and towns, but by the general court, to fix them in the colony. Charlestown made them large ofiers ; and Newbury pro- posed to give up the whole town to them. The general court offered them any place which they should choose. But they \vere determined to plant a distinct colony. By the pursuit of the Pequots to the westward, the English became acquainted with that fine tract along the shore, from Saybrook to Fairfield, and with its several harbors. It was represented as fruitful, and happily situated for navi oration and commerce. They therefore projected a settlement in that part of the country. In the fall of 1637, Mr. Eaton and others, who were of the company, made a journey to Connecticut, to ex- plore the lands and harbors on the sea coast. They pitched upon Quinnipiac for the place of their settle- ment. They erected a poor hut, in which a few men subsisted through the winter : this was at the corner of Church and George-streets. On the 30th of March, 1638, Mr. Davenport, Mr. Prud- den, Mr. Samuel Eaton, and Theophilus Eaton, Esq., with the people of their company, sailed from Boston for Quinnipiac. In about a fortnight they arrived at their desired port. On the 15th of April, they kept their first Sabbath in the place. The people assembled under a large spreading oak,* and Mr. Davenport preached to * This tree was situated near the corner of George and College- streets. Both Xe\r Haven and Milford churches were formed under it— i>r. Dana's Sermon, ISOl. 67 tbem from Matthew iv, 1. He insisted on the temptations of the wilderness, made such observations and g-ave such directions and exhortations, as were pertinent to the then present state of his hearers. He left this remark, that he enjoyed a good day. The settlers first began to build on George-street and the opposite hill, between which small vessels then passed in a creek, which for many years has been filled up. Their first houses were commodious, of two stories. One of the principal reasons which these colonists assigned for their removal from Massachusetts was, that they should be more out of the way and trouble of a gen- eral governor of New England, who at this time was an object of great feai* in all the plantations. " The first plantei's of New Haven recognized in their acts no human authority foreign to themselves. They appear to have studiously avoided any mention of their native country, or any allusion to the question of allegi- ance to the king of England, This matter they left to be determined afterwards." Their object appears to have been to found, untrammeled, a Christian commonwealth. Soon after they arrived at Quinnipiac, in the close of a day of fasting and prayer, they entered into what they termed a plantation covenant. In this they solemnly bound themselves, " that as in matters that concern the gathering and ordering of a chui-ch. so also in all public offices which concern civil order, as the choice of magis- trates and officers, making and repealing laws, dividing allotments of inheritance, and all things of like nature, they would all of them be ordered by the rules which the Scripture held forth to them." This was adopted as a general agreement, until thei-e should be time for the people to become more intimately acquainted with each other's religious views, sentiments and moral conduct; which was supposed to be necessary to prepare the way for their covenanting together, as Christians, in church state. The planters of Quinnipiac determined to make an extensive settlement, and, if possible, to maintain per- petual peace and friendship with the Indians. They therefore paid an early attention to the making of such 68 purchases and amicable treaties, as might most effectually answer their designs. On the 24th of November, 1638, Theophilus Eaton, Esq., Mr. Davenport, and other English planters, entered into an agreement with Momauguin, sachem of that part of the country, and his counsellors, respecting the lands. The articles of agreement are to this effect ; That Momau_guin is the sole sachem of Quinnipiac, and had an absolute power to aliene and dispose of the same ; that in consequence of the protection he had tasted, by the English, from the Pequots and Mohawks * he yielded up all his right, title and interest to all the land, rivers, ponds and trees, with all the liberties and purtenances belonging to the same, unto Theophilus Eaton, John Davenport and others, their heirs and assigns for ever. He covenanted, that neither he nor his Indians would terrify nor disturb the English, nor injure them in any of their interests ; but that, in every respect, they would keep true faith with them. The English covenanted to protect Momauguin and his Indians, when unreasonably assaulted and terrified by either of the other Indians ; and that they should always have a sufficient quantity of land to plant on, upon the east side of the harbor, between that and Saybrook fort. They also covenanted that by way of free and thankful retribution, they gave unto the said sachem and his council and company, twelve coats of English cloth, twelve alchymy spoons, twelve hatchets, twelve hoes, two dozen of knives, twelve porringers, and four cases of French knives and scissors. This agreement was signed and legally executed by Momauguin and his council on the one part, and Theo- philus Eaton and John Davenport on the other. Thomas Stanton, who was the interpreter, declared in the pres- ence of God, that he had faithfully acquainted the Indians with the said articles, and returned their answers. • The Indians of Quinnipiac, in this treaty, declared that they still remembered the heavy taxes of the Peqxiots and Mohawks; and that, by reason of the fear of them, they could not stay in their own country, but had been obliged to flee. By these powerful enemies they had been reduced to about forty men. I! 69 The following signatures or marks of Momauguin and his counsel- lors to the above agreement, are copied from the ancient records of New Haven, nearly in the position they stand on the record. 1. Momauguin, Ms mark. 2. Sugcogisin. 3. Quosaquash. 4. Carroughood. 5. Woosauruck. 6. The mark of Shaumpishuh, the sister of Momau- guin, called in the agreement Squaw Sachem, who it appears had some interest in part of the lands. In December following, they made another purchase of a large tract, which lay principally north of the former. This was of Montowese, son of the great sachem at Mat- tabeseck. This tract was ten miles in length, north and south, and thirteen in breadth. It extended eight miles east of the river Quinnipiac, and five miles west of it towards Hudson's river. It included all the lands within the ancient limits of the old towns of New Haven, Branford and Wallingford, and almost the whole contained in the present limits of those towns, and the towns of East Haven, Woodbridge, Cheshire, Hamden,and North Haven. These have since been made out of the three old towns. For this last tract the English gave thirteen coats, and allowed the In- dians ground to plant, and liberty to hunt within the lands. The annexed is a copy of the signature of Montowese and Saw- sounck, an Indian who came with him to 70 New Haven. Montowese's signature is the bow and arrow. It appears the above land descended to him from his deceased mother. His tribe or company consisted of but ten men, with their women and children. The New Haven adventurers were the most opulent company which came into New England, and they de- signed to plant a capital colony. They laid out their town plat in squares, designing it for a great and elegant city. In the centre was a large and beautiful square. This was compassed with others, making nine in the whole. The first principal settlers were Theophilus Eaton, Esq., Mr. Davenport, Samuel Eaton, Thomas Gregson, Robert Newman, Matthew Gilbert, Nathaniel Turner, Thomas Fugill, Francis Newman, Stephen Goodyear, and Joshua Atwater. There appears no act of civil, military or ecclesiastical authority during the first year; nor is there any appear- ance that this colony was ever straitened for bread, as the other colonies had been. Meanwhile Mr. Henry Whitfield, William Leet, Esq., Samuel Delborough, Robert Kitchell, William Chitten- don, and others, who were part of Mr. Davenport's and Mr. Eaton's company, arrived to assist tliem in their new settlement. These were principally from Kent and Sur- rey, in the vicinity of London. Mr. Whitfield's peojjle, like Mr. Davenport's, followed him into New England. There were now three ministers, with many of the mem bers of their former churches and conffreorations collected in this infant colony, and combined in the same general agreement. On the 4th of June, 1639, all the free planters at Quin- iiipiac convened in a large barn of Mr. Newman's, and, in a formal and very solemn manner, proceeded to lay the foundations of their civil and religious polity. Mr. Davenport introduced the business by a sermon from the words of the royal Preacher, " Wisdom hath builded her house; she hath hewn out her seven pillars." The following is an extract from the ancient record of this event, which was subscribed and signed by one Imndred and eleven persons. The 4th day of the 4th moneth, called June, 1639, all the free 71 planters assembled together in a general meetinge,to consult about settling civil government according to God, and about the nomina- tion of persons that may be found, by consent of all, fittest in all respects for the foundation work of a Church which was intended to be gathered in Quinnipiack. After sollemne invocation of the name of God in prayer, for the presence and help of his spii-it and grace in these weighty businesses, they were reminded of the busi* ness whereabout they met — viz., for tlie establishment of such civil order as might be most pleasing unto God, and for the chusing the fittest men "for the foundation work of a church to be gathered. For the better enabling them to discerne the rainde of God, and to agree accordingly concerning the establishment of civil order, Mr. John Davenport propounded divers queries to them, publickly praying them to consider seriously, in the presence and feare of God, the weight of the business they met about, and not to be rash or sleight in giving their votes to things they understood not, but to digest fully and thoroughly what shonld be propounded unto them, and without respect "to men, as they should be satisfied and perswaded in their own minds to give their answers in such sort as they would be willing they should stand upon record for posterity. This being earnestly expressed by Mr. Davenport, Mr. Robert Newman was intreated to write in charracters, and to read dis- tinctly and audibly in the hearing of all the people, what was pro- pounded and accorded on, that it might appear that all consented to matters propounded according to words written by him. Qnaire 1. Whether the Scriptures doe holde fourth a perfect rule for the direction and government of all men in all duteyes which they are to perform to God and men, as well in the government of famylyes and commonwealths as in matters of the church ? This was assented unto by all, no man dissenting, as was ex- pressed by holding up of hands. Afterwards it was read over to them, that they might see in what wordes their vote was expressed. They againe expressed their consent thereto by holding up their hands, no man dissenting. " After a proper term of trial, Theophilus Eaton, Esq., Mr. John Davenport. Robert Newsman, Matthew Gilbert, Thomas Fugill, John Punderson and Jeremiah Dixon were chosen for the seven pillars of the church. " October 25th, 1639, the court, as it is termed, consist- ino- of these seven persons only, convened, and after a solemn address to the Supreme Majesty, they proceeded to form the body of freemen and to elect their civil offi- cers. The manner was indeed singular and curious. " In the first place, all former trust for managing the public affairs of the plantation was declared to cease, and be utterly abrogated. Then all those who had been ad- mitted to the church after the gathering of it, in the choice of the seven pillars, and all the members of other approved churches who desired it, and offered themselves, were ad- mitted members of the court. A solemn charge was then publicly given them, to the same effect as the freemen's charge or oath, which they had previously adopted. The purport of this v/as nearly the same with the oath of fidelity, and with the freemen's administered at the pres- ent time. Mr. Davenport expounded several scriptures to ihem, describing the character of civil magistrates given in the sacred oracles. To this succeeded the election of officers. Theophikis Eaton, Esq., was chosen governor; Mr. Robert Newman, Mr. Matthew Gilbert, Mr. Nathan- iel Turner and Mr. Thomas Fugill were chosen magis- trates. Mr. Fugill v/as also chosen secretary, and Robert Seely, marshall. " Mr. Davenport gave Governor Eaton a charge in open court, from Deut. i., 16, 17 : 'And I charged your judges at that time, saying. Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. Ye shall not respect persons in judgment, but ye shall hear the small as well as the great ; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man, for the judgment is God's ; and the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it.' " It was decreed by the freemen, that there should be a general court annually in the plantation, on the last week in October. This was ordained a court of election in which all the officers of the colony were to be chosen. This court determined, that the word of God should be the only rule for ordering the affairs of government in that commonwealth. " This was the original, fundamental constitution of the government of New Haven. All government was origi- nally in the church, and the members of the church elected the governor, magistrates, and all other officers. The magistrates, at first, were no more than assistants of the governor ; they might not act in any sentence or deter- mination of the court.* No deputy governor was chosen, * Records of the Colony of New Haven. 73 tioi' were any laws enacted except the general resolutions vrhich have been noticed ; but as the plantation enlarged, and new towns were settled, new orders were given ; the general court received a new form, laws were enacted, and the civil polity of this jurisdiction gradually advanced, in its essential parts, to a near resemblance of the govern- ment of Connecticut."* In the year 1640, Robert Feaks and Daniel Patrick bought Greenwich. The purchase was made in behalf of New Haven, but through the intrigue of the Dutch governor, and the treachery of the purchasers, the first inhabitants revolted to the Dutch. They were incorpo- rated and vested with town privileges by Peter Stuy- vesant, governor of New Netherlands. The inhabitants were driven off by the Indians, in their war with the Dutch, and made no great progress in settlement until after Connecticut obtained the charter, and they were taken under the jurisdiction of this colony. Another large purchase, sufficient for a liumber of plantations, was made by Captain Turner, agent for New- Haven, on both sides of Delaware bay or river. This purchase was made with a view to trade, and for the set- tlement of churches in gospel order and purity. The colony of New Haven erected trading houses upon the lands, and sent nearly fifty families to make settlements upon them. The settlements were made under the juris- diction of New Haven, and in close combination with that colony in all the fundamental articles. It also appears that New Haven, or their confederates, purchased and settled Yennycock and Southhold, on Long Island. Mr. John Youngs,*^ w4io had been a minister at Hingham, in England, came over with a considerable part of his church, and here fixed his residence. He gathered his church anew, on the 21st of October, 1640, and the planters united themselves with New Haven. However, they soon departed from the rule of appointing none to office, or of admitting none to be freemen, but members of the church. New Haven insisted on this asr a fundamental article of their constitution. They were * TnirabuH's History of Connecticut, 7 74 therefore for a number of years obliged to conform to this law of the jurisdiction. Some of the principal men were the Rev. Mr. Youngs, William Welles, Barnabas Horton, Thomas Mapes, John Tuthill, and Matthias Cor win. Laws were enacted, both by Connecticut and New Haven, prohibiting all purchases of the Indians by pri- vate persons or companies without the consent of their respective general courts. These were to authorize and direct the manner of every purchase. The general court, at New Haven this year, made a grant of Totoket to Mr. Samuel Eaton, brother of Gov- ernor Eaton, upon condition of his procuring a number of his friends from England, to make a settlement in that tract of country. At this court it was decreed, that the plantation at Quinnipiac should be called New Haven. / The Indians, in the year 1642, were veiy troublesome; so much so as to cause suspicions that they were forming a combination for a general war. Both the Connecticut and New Haven colonies concerted measures of defence. A constant watch was kept in the plantations, and upon the Sabbath a strong guard was set at the places of pub- lie worship. At a court held in New Haven this year, the magis- trates were directed to write to the Dutch to prevent their Bending arms and ammunition to the natives, an^ also to settle all disputes between them and the colony with re- spect to claims, but their efforts were unsuccessful ; for, notwithstanding the fair purchases which the New Haven colony had made, by their agents at Delaware, Governor Kieft, without any legal protest or warning, dispatched an armed force, and, with great hostility, burned the En- glish trading houses, violently seized, and for a time de- tained their goods, and would not give them time to take an inventory of them. The Dutch also took the compa- ny's boat, and a number of English planters, and kept them as prisoners. The damages done to the English at Delaware, were estimated at a thousand pounds ster- ling. The same year, the Swedish governor and Dutch 75 agent, uniting in a crafty design against Mr. Lamberton, a principal gentleman of New Haven, made an injurious attempt upon his life. They accused him of having joined in a plot with the Indians to cut off the Swedes and Dutch. They attempted, by giving his men strong drink, and by threatenings and allurements, to influence them to testify against him. They proceeded so far as to imprison and try him for treason. When, notwithstand- ing these unfair means, and that they were both his ac- cusers and judges, they could find no evidence against him, they arbitrarily imposed a fine upon him for trading at Delaware, though within the limits and jurisdiction of New Haven. At another time, when Mr. Lamberton was at Manhat- toes in the capacity of an agent for New Haven, the Dutch Governor, Kieft, by force and threatenings, com- pelled him to give an account of all his beaver, within the limits of New Haven, at Delaware, and to pay an im- post upon the whole. The Dutch did other damages, and insulted the English in many other instances. Both Connecticut and New Haven, from year to year, com- plained and remonstrated against them, but could obtain no redress. In the year 1643, the Dutch were exceedingly harassed by the Indians, and made application to Gov. Eaton and the general Court, soliciting that a hundred men might be raised in the plantations for their assistance against such barbarous enemies. Governor Eaton and the general court, having fully considered the purport of the Dutch governor's letter, rejected the proposal for raising men and assisting in the war against the Indians. Their principal reasons were, that joining separately in war was prohibited by the articles of confederation ; and that they were not satis- fied that the Dutch war with the Indians was just. Nevertheless, it was determined, that if the Dutch needed corn and provisions for men and cattle, by reason of the destruction which the Indians had made, the court would give them all the assistance in its power. 76 The following is a " List of the Settlers in New Haven, from the year 1639 to 1645," a period of about .six years. It was drawn up by a gentleman of New Hayen, evident- ly with much care and accuracy, and was first published in the New Haven Journal and Courier, April 24, 1851 : William Andrews. Luke Atkinson. Joshua Atwater. David Atwater. Eoger Ailing. Robert Abbott. Edward Adams, David Anderson. Joseph Alsop. Kicholas Augur. William Aspinwell. David Axtell, David Ashly. Henry Akeriy. Allen Ball. John Beach. William Blayden. Henry Browninge. Bichard Beekley. Jarvis Boj'kin. John Benham. John Budd. John Brockett. Edward Bannister. Eichard Beach. Peter Brown. Abraham Bell. Thomas Beamond. Francis Brown. Francis Bell. George Badweke. Francis Bi*ewster. Obadiah Barnes. Thomas Badger. Samuel Bajdey. Widow Baldwin. Thomas Barnes. Nathan Birchall. Thomas Blakesley. William Bassett. William Ball. Robert Burnett. Nicholas Bal}-. James Bell. Isaac Beach. Bracie. Henry Bishop. William Bradley. Roger Betts. John Burnett. Thomas Buckingham. William Bromfield. Henry Brazier. Timothy Baldwin. John Cockerill. Robert Campion. Thomas Chambers. Robert Cogswell. Mathew Crowder. Thomas Coefield. Mrs. Constable. John Caffins. Thomas Caffina. Edward Camp. Ezekiel Cheever. Jasper Crane. John Cowper. John Chapman. John Clarke. John Charles. John Cogswell. James Clarke. Edward Chippenfield. Mathew Camfield. Francis Church. Robert Ceely. John Davenport. Jeremiah Dixon. Ralph Deighton. William Davis. John Davis. Dumer. Thomas Dickinson. John Dillingham. Abraham Doolittle. George Dunning, Roger Duhin'st. John Dyer. Theophilus Eaton. Samuel Eaton. John Evance. Thomas Elsey. Rice Edwards. Mrs. Eldred. Nicholas Elsej\ Robert Emory. David Evance. Thomas Fugill. David Fuller. Timothy Forde. William Fowler. Thomas Frankland. Thomas French. William Fancie. Benjamin Fenn. Launcelott Fuller. Thomas Gaines. Mathew Gilbert. Stephen Goodyear. William Gibbons. William Gibbard. John C'ibbes. Widow Greene. Nicholas Gennings. Henry Glover. John Griffin. Jamee Guillam. Jeremiah Howe. Samuel Hoskins. William Holt. Richard Hull. Robert Hill. Arthur Halbridge. Mathias Hitchcock. Francis Hall. Andrew Hull. Benjamin Hawley. John Hull. TheopbilnsHigginsoB. f! Haines. Eiward Harwood. Huitt. • Ileckock. AVilliam Harding. "William HaAvkius, John Hill. ^ EdAvard Hitclicock. John Hunter. James Haywood. John Honedell. Luke Hitchcock. John Hutchison. Ralph Harrison. John Harriman. Hopkins. Hiint. William Ives. Thomas lies. John Jenner. Thomas Johnson. Thomas Jeffreys. John Johnson. William James. Robert Johnson. Richard Jewell. Thomas James. Thomas Kimberley. John Kimberley. William Knowles. Roger Knapp. Thomas Knowles. Richard Lovell. John Lovell. Thomas Laude. Thomas Lupton. Benjamin Linge. Andrew Low. John Livermore. George Larrimore, George Lamberton. Richard Low. Thomas Lamson. Henry Lendall. Lucas. Lucking. John Lawrence. James Love. Thomas Leaver. Henry Line. 77 Thomas Lord. Philip Leake. Robert Lea. John Lawrenson, Philip Leete. R.alph Lines. John Lin ley. Richard Lambert. Richard Malbon. John Mosse. Matthew Moulthrop. Richard Mansfield. Henry Morrell. Thomas Manchester. Andrew Messenger. Thomas Mounson. Thomas Mouland. Thomas Morris. John Moody. Thomas Mitchell. Richard Merriman. Richard Miles. John Massam. Isaac Mould. Stephen Medcalf. Peter Mallery. Nathan Merriman. John Mason. John Meigs. Marshall. Samuel Martin. Mead. Robert Martin, Jonathan Marsh. William Mecar. Robert Meaker. Thomas Meakes. Robert Newman. Francis Newman. Richard Newman. William Newman, EdAvard Newton. Thomas Nash. John Nash. Joseph Nash. Adam Nichols. Thomas North. Richard Osborne, Thomas Osborne. John Owen. 7* Thomas Powell. William Pecke. Henry Pecke. Joseph Pecke. Robert Persons. Robert Pigg. Matthew Pierce. Benjamin Porling. Thomas Pell. Richard Perry. William Preston. John Ponderson. John Potter. Edward Pateson. John Peacocke. William Potter. Francis Parrett. John Proute, Thomas Parsons. Eli as Paekmore. Peter Pruden. Richard Piatt. Widow Potter. Daniel Paule. Mark Pearce. Epraim Pennington. William Paine. Mighill Palmer. Edward Parker. John Pardy. William Russell. James Russell, Roe, Henry Rudder ford e. Matthew Roa??. Thomas Robinson. John Reader. Jonathan Reed. Jonathan Rudd. Robert Seely. George Smith. Old Father Sherman. Widow Sherman. Mrs. Swinerton. John Seckett. Abraham Smyth. Anthony Stevens. Henry Stowell. James Stewart. Richard Sperry. 78 Ambrose Sutton. ■William Stow. Johnathan Sergant. Abraham Stolyon. Thomas Soule. Humphra Spiimage. George Spencer. Nathaniel Turner. William Touttle. William Thorpe. John Tompson. Anthony Tompson. William Tompson. Thomas Troubridge. Christerpher Todd. Edward Tenche. John Thomas. John Tonttle. Thomas Toby. Robert Tamage. Edmand Tooly. Martin Titehin. Nicholas Tanner. Goodman Tap. Robert Usher. John Vincon. John Vincent. John Walker. John Wakeman. Andrew Ward. William Wilkes. Edw'd Wigglesworth. Samuel Whitehead. Isaac Whitehead. Widow Williams. John Wilforde. John Whitmore. Matthew Wilson. Lawrence Watts. John Wakefield. George Warde. Lawrence Warde. Benjamin WilhnoLt, Jeremy Whitneli. William White. Edward Watson. Samuel Wilson. Thomas Whitwaj'. Moses Wheeler. Thomas Wheeler. Richai d Webb. William Wooden. Thomas Welch. Edward WoodelifF. Zachariah Whitman. David Yule. Thomas Yale. In 1644, New Haven sent help to Fairfield and Slam- ford, as those towns had not numbers sufficient lo defend themselves from the attacks of the Indians. In this year, an Indian was executed at New Haven for attempting to murder a woman. The executioner cut oif his head with a falchion ; but it was cruelly done. He gave the Indian eight blows before he effected his ob- ject. The Indian sat erect and motionless until his head was severed from his body. New Haven, having been exceedingly disappointed in trade, and sustained great damages at Delaware, and the large estates which they brought into New England rap- idly declining, this year, made uncommon exertions, as far as possible, to retrieve their former losses. Combin- ing their money and labors, they built a ship, at Rhode Island, of 150 tons, and freighted her for England, with the best part of their commercial estates. Mr. Gregson, Capt. Turner, Mr. Lamberton, and five or six of their principal men, embarked on board. They sailed from New Haven in January, 1647. They were obliged to cut through the ice to get out of the harbor. The ship foundered at sea, and was never heard of after she sailed. 79 According to the belief of the inhabitants of that pe- riod, this ship was seen in the air after she was lost. We take the following account as we find it in Mather's Mag- nalia. Mather, hearing of the circumstances, wrote to his friend, the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, for information, and re- ceived from that gentleman the following answer : " Reverend and Bear Sir . .,1 . • „ „r " In compliance with your desires, I now give you the relation of that apparition of a sinp in the air, which I have received from the most credible, judicious, and curious surviving observers oi it. "In the vear 1647, besides much other lading, a far more rich treasure of "passengers, (five or six of wliich were pei-sons of chief note and worth in New Haven,) put themselves on board a new ship, built at Rhode Island, of about 150 tons; but so walty, that the master (Lamberton) often said she would prove their grave. In the month of January, cutting their way through much ice, on which they were accompanied with the Rev. Mr Davenport, be- sides many other friends, with many fears, as well as prayers and tears, they set sail. Mr. Davenport, in prayer, with an observable emphasis, used these words : - Lord, if it be thy pleasure to bury the^e our friends in the bottom of the sea, they are thine; save them 1 The soring following, no tiding of these friends arrived ^^^^ the ships froin England. New Haven's heart began to fail her. 1 us put the godly people on much prayer, both pubhc ^"^ private, //mj the Lord would {if it was his pleasure) let them hear whath^e had done with their dear friends, and prepare them with a smtabe mhmssion to his holy will. In June next ensuing, a great thunder storm arose out of the north-west; after which, the hemisphere being serene about an hour before sunset, a ship of like f "Jf^^^^jJ^^f ^^Ji^l aforesaid, with her canvass and colors abroad, (though the wind northernly,) appeared in the air, coming up from o^.^'J^'-J^'^^^" ^.f^^d which lies southward from the town, seemingly ^^^h her sails fi led under a fresh gale, holding her course north, and ^^^^.j^^^^g/^J observation, sailing against the wind for the space of half ^^ ho^ • " Many were drawn to behold this great work of God ; 3 ea, the very children cried out, ' There's a brave sh^ !' At length, crowd- ing up as far as there is usually water sufficient for such a vessel and so near some of the spectators, as that they imagined a man might hurl a stone on board her, her mam-top seemed to he^hlown off^fbut left hanging in the shrouds ; t^en her mizzen-top, then all he; masting seemed blown away by the board Quickly after, the hulk brought unto a careen, she overset, and so vanished into a smoky cloiid, which in some time dissipated, leaving, as ever>wheie else, i clear air. The admiring spectators could f^^ll^^^ll'^^^' several colors of each part, the principal rigging, and ^"ch propoi. tions as caused not only the generality of persons to say ^/|^« ^«^' the mould of their ship, and thus was her tragic end, but Mr. Daven- 80 port, also, in public declared to this effect : That God had conde- scended, for the quieting of their afflicted spirits, this extraordinary/ account of his sovereign disposal of those for whom so- many fervent prayers were made contiriually. Thus I am. Sir, " Your humble servant, " James Pierpont." The loss of this ship, with the former losses which the company had sustained, broke up all their expectation with respect to trade ; and, as they conceived themselves disadvantageously situated for husbandry, they adopted the design of leaving the country. Accordingly, they entered into treaties for the city of Galloway, in Ireland, which they designed to have settled, as a small province for themselves. They were, however, disappointed with respect to all these designs, and their posterity, who they feared would be reduced to beggary, made respectable farmers, and flourished no less than their neighbors. It appears that the first planters had no written code of Laws. The Court determined all differences, &c., ac- cording to their views of justice and propriety, as occa- sion required. The followinor extracts are taken from the ancient Re- cords of New Haven during this period : " At a Court held at New Haven, A. D. 1643. — Andrew Low, Jr., for breaking into Mr. Ling's house, where he brake open a cup- board, and took from thence some strong water, and 6d in monej'', and ransackt the house from roome to roome, and left open the doors, for which fact being committed to pi'ison, brake forth and escaped, and still remains horrible obstinate and rebellious against his parents, and incorrigible under all the means that have been used to reclaim him. Whereupon, it was ordered that he shall be as severely whipt as the rule will bear, and work with his father as a prisoner, with a lock upon his leg, so that he may not escape." " December %d, 165L — It was propounded that some safer way might be found out to Connecticote, that the danger of the East River may be avoyded. The new waye was desired to be viewed again, as William Bradley offered to lend his cannow to lie in the East River, if the town will find ropes to draw it to and agayne." SI " A Court holden Bd November, 1639. — It is ordered that Mr, Hop- kins shall have two hogsheads of lime for his present use, and as much more as will finisli his house, as he now intends itt — he think- ing that two hogsheads more will serve. " It is ordered, that a meeting-house shall be built forthwith, fifty foote square ; and that the carpenters shall fall timber where they can find it, till allotment be layed out, and men know their proprietyes. " It is ordered, that Mr. Gregson and Mr. Evance shall have fower dayes liberty after this day to square their timber, before the former order shall take hold of them. " It is ordered that Mr. Eaton, Mr. Davenport, Robert ISTewman, Matthew Gilbert, Capt. Turner, and Thomas Fugill, shall from henceforward have the disposing of all house lotts, yett undisposed of, about this towne, to such persons as they shall judge meete for the good of the plantation ; and thatt none come to dwell as plant- ers here without their consent and allowance, whether they come in by purchase or otherwise. " It is ordered, that every one that bares amies shall be compleat- ly furnished with arras, viz. : a muskett, a sword, bandaleei's, a rest, a pound of powder, 20 bullets fitted to their muskett, or four pound of pistoll shott, or swan shott at least, and be ready to show them in the market-place upon Monday, the 16th of this monthe, before Captaine Turner and Lieutenant Seeley, under the penalty of 20s. fine for every default or absence." "4/A of December, 16S9. — It is ordered, that Thomas Saule shall agree with Goodman Spinnage before the next Court, or else the Court will determine the difference between them. " Goodman L was whipped and sent out of the plantation, being not onely a disorderly person himselfe, butt an incourager of others to disorderly drinking meetings. " George S , being prophane and disorderly in his whole con- versation, and an abettor of others to sin, and drawing on others into a conspericie to carry away the Cock to Virgenia, was whij^ped and sent out of the plantation. " Jon Proute, Hen. Brasier, and Will Bromfield, was whipped for joyuing in the aforesaid conspericie, and the said Hen. and Wm. were ordered to weare irons during the magistrate's pleasure." " At a General Court held the \st of the 1th month, 1640.— It is or- dered that none in this plantatione shall either sell or lett a lott to any strainger, for yeares, without allowance from the Courte." "%th Month, 1642. — It is ordered, that whosoever findes any things thatt are Lost, shall deliver them to the Marshall, to be kept safe till the owners challenge them." 82 '^ 2d Nov€7nber, 1^4:2. — Jervas Boy kin is ordered to pay unto George Badcocke the sum of 20s., for taking his cannow without leave. " It is ordered, that those who have ffarmes att the River, Called stony River, shall have liberty to make a sluice in the river for their owne convenience." " 1th December, 1642. — Forasmuch as John Owen hath had some damage done in his corne by hogs, occasioned through the neglect of Mr. Lamberton, John Bud, and "Will Preston, in not making up their fence in season, it is therefore ordered, thatt the said Mr. Lam- berton, John Bud, and "Will Preston shall make satisfaction to the said John Owen for the damage done — viz. : eight days' worke and two pecks of corne, which is to be pay'd according to the several apportion3 of ffence unset up respectively." About the year 1655, Gov. Eaton was desired to per- fect a code of laws for the colony of New Haven. For his assistance in the compilation, he was requested to consult the Rev. Mr. Cotton's discourse on civil govern- ment in a new plantation, and the laws of Massachusetts. Having accomplished the work, and the laws having been examined and approved by the elders of the jurisdiction, they were presented to the General Court, who ordered that five hundred copies should be printed. The copy was sent to England, that the impressions might be made under the inspection of Governor Hopkins. He pro- cured the printing of the laws at his own expense, and sent them the number proposed, with some other valuable books, as a present.* * Much has been said and written respecting the " Blue Zatvs" of Connecticut, particularly those of New Haven colon\^ ; and much merriment has been indulged at the expense of the Puritans, and much obloquy has been cast upon their memory on this account. The work which has given currency to these misrepresentations, more tlian any other, is an apochryphal work, known by the name of " Peters' History of Connecticut" Peters, the author, being a zealous royalist in Connectici;t, was so roughly used on account of his exertions in the roj'al cause, that he was obliged to leave the country. Smarting under the indignities which he had received, he went to London, where, in 1781, he published his " General His- torv of Connecticut," &c., without his name. The work was evi- 83 Tn 1656, complaints were made to the Court, at New Haven, that the inhabitants of Greenwich were under little govern ment, and demeaned themselves in a lawless manner. They admitted of drunkenness among them- selves and among the Indians, by reason of which, dam- ages were done to themselves, and to the towns in the vicinity, and the public peace was disturbed. They re- dently designed chiefly to render the people of Connecticut odious and despicable abroad. Such was the grossness of its falsehoods, that any attempt to expose or contradict them was deemed unne- cessary. In Professor Kingsley's Historical Discourse, on the Two Hun- dredth Anniversary of the first Settlement of New Haven, he states : " Dr. Trumbull once told me, in reply to the question, why, in liis History of Connecticut, he had made no allusion to this work of Dr. Peters, that he had considered a reference to it as wholly unnecessary, since any one, on very slight examination, would see that it was refuted in so many of its statements by indubitable pub- lic documents, that it could gain no credit. He said that he had been well acquainted with Dr. Peters from very early life, that they were contemporary in College, and that an occasional intercourse between them had been maintained, till Dr. Peters went to England, in 1174, He added, that of all men with whom he had ever been acquainted, Dr. Peters, he had thought, from his first knowledge of him, the least to be depended upon as to any matter of fact ; es- pecially ' in story-telling.' " Peters, in describing New Haven, says it is " divided into three hundred squares, of the size of Bloomsbury Square, with streets twenty yards wide between each division. Forty of these squares are already built upon, having houses of brick and stone on each front, above five yards asunder; every house with a garden, that produces vegetables sufiicient for the family. Two hundred houses are annually erected." New Haven, at the time this was written, had probably not more than four hundred and twenty houses, ten or twelve of which may have been of brick or stone. In his account of Connecticut River, he saj^s, " that about 200 miles from the Sound, the water passes through a chasm, formed by ' two shelving mountains of solid rock,' and ' is consolidated, without frost, by pressure, by swiftness, between the pinching, sturdy rocks, to such a degree of induration, that an iron crow floats smoothly down its current ; here iron, lead, and cork have one common weight ; here, steady as time, and harder than marble, the stream passes irresistible, if not swift as lightning ; the electric fire rends trees in pieces with no greater ease than does this mighty water.' Yet on this water, ' harder than marble,' a squaw. Ire informs hie readers, passed through this chasm in a canoe/' 84 ceived children and servants who fled from the correction of their parents and masters, and unlawfully joined per- sons in wedlock, with other misdemeanors. Upon this, the General Court asserted their right to Greenwich, and ordered the inhabitants to submit to their jurisdiction. But they continued much in the same state, and sent a letter to the Court, denying their jurisdiction, and refusing any subjection to the colony, unless they should be compelled to it by the Parliament. The Court, therefore, resolved, that, unless they should appear be- fore the Court and make their submission by the 25th of June, Richard Crab, and others, who were the most stub- born among them, should be arrested and punished ac^ cordino- to law. They therefore, some time after, sub- jected their persons and estates to the government of New E.a\ en.— Trumbull's Hist, qf Conn.., Vol, 1. In 1665, the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven were united, but not without a long and warm opposition from the latter colony. Among the causes which ex- cited this opposition was the laxity of discipline in the Churches of Connecticut. Mr. Davenport and others, in the New Haven colony, were strong in the opinion that all government should be in the Church. No person in this colony could be a free- man, unless he was a member in full communion. But. in Connecticut, all orderly persons, possessing a freehold to a certain amount, might be made free of the corpora- tion. These gentlemen who were so strong in the oppo- sition, were doubtless jealous that an union would mar the purity, order, and beauty of their churches, and have an ill influence on the civil administrations. The removal of the seat of government, with strong prejudices, all operated in forming the opposition. In the year 16(i7, the Rev. Mr. Davenport, of New Haven, having been invited to take charge of the First Church in Boston, accepted the invitation, and the next year removed to that capital. He had been about thirty years minister at New Kaven, and was greatly esteemed 85 and beloved by his congregation. His Church were very unwilling that he should leave them, and never formally gave their consent. Owing to his removal, the Church and congregation at New Haven for many years w^ere unable to unite in the choice of a person to take the pas- toral charge of them. Mr. Davenport died at Boston of an apoplexy, March 15th, 1G70, in the 73d year of his age. On the 23d of October, 1740, the Rev. George Whit- field paid a visit to New Haven, where he preached, and had the pleasure of seeing numbers daily impressed with divine truth. About the same time, there was a sfreat revival of religion throughout the New England States, which gave rise to numerous irregularities, as lay ex- horters and ministers sprung up who were inclined to follow impulses, professing to know from an inward feel- ing the state of men's souls — who v^^ere converted and who were not. " Among persons of this description, was a Mr. James Davenport, of Southold, on Long Island, who had the reputation of being a pious, sound, and faithful minister. He preached at New Haven, where he gave an unre- strained liberty to noise and outcry, both of distress and joy, in time of divine service. He promoted both with all his might, raising his voice to the highest pitch, to- gether with the most violent agitations of body. With his unnatural and violent agitations of the body, he united a strange singing tone, which greatly tended to raise the feelings of weak and undiscerning people, and conse- quently to heighten the confusion among the passionate of his hearers. This odd, disagreeable tuning of the voice in exercises of devotion was caught by the zealous exortists, and became a characteristic of the separate preachers. The whole sect was distinguished by this sanctimonious tone. It was Mr. Davenport's manner, when a member had cried out, and there had been great agitations of the body, to pronounce these tokens of di- vine favor ; and what was still worse, he would declare those persons who were the subject of these outcries and agitations to be converted ; or that they had come to Christ. He encouraged any who were reputed to be 8 lively, zealous Christians, to exhort publicly in full as- semblies, with ministerial assurance and authority, though altogether raw and uns'killful in the word of righteous- ness. What had still more mischievous influence than all the rest, was his undertaking to examine his brethren in the ministry as to their spiritual state, and publicly to decide concerning them, whether they were converted or unconverted. Such as refused to be examined by him were certain to be denounced as either unconverted, or in a very doubtful condition. Some whom he had pri- vately examined, and, to all appearance, were of as much grace as himself, he would, in his public prayers, pro- nounce to be unconverted. Thus, disorder, jealousy, and confusion were sown in the Churches. He represented it as a dreadful thing to hear unconverted ministers ; that their preaching was worse than poison ; and he warned the people against it." His brethren remonstrated against these wild measures, and represented to him that he must be under the influ- ence of a wrong spirit ; but he, persisting in his course, was complained of, and brought before the General Court of Massachusetts, and dismissed, as not being of a sound mind. Two young men belonging to Yale College, adopting the sentiments of the separatists, and refusing to acknowl- edge their error, were expelled from that institution in the year 1744.'* — TrumlulVs Hist, of Conn,, Vol. 2. The annexed map is a reduced copy of the oldest map of the town of New Haven now known to be in exist- ence. It exhibits all the public buildings and private dwellings, with the names of many of the occupants. It settles the point respecting the place where Col. Dixwell, one of the regicides, resided. His dwelling house, as will be seen by the map, was near the corner of Grove and College-streets, and opposite the garden of the Med- ical Institution. 87 A 'plan of the town of New Haven, as taken by Mr. Joseph Broivn, in the year 1724. a Edyes. b Edyes. c White. d Nott. e Dawson. / Beecher. g Thomas. h Gregson's. i Meeting-House. j School. k Old Dixwell's. / Sam, Tuttle. m Deacon Bradley. n J. Bradley, o Nat. Bradle}". p Thompson's. q Trowbridge. r Trowbridge. s Roswell's. t Talmage. u Nath'l Jones. V Munson. It) Dan. Bradley. X Jonas Todd, y James Talmadge. 1 Atwater's. 2 Mansfield's, 3 G Oram's. 4 Collins. 6 Rutherford's. 6 Sherman's. 7 J. Brown's. 8 Rothbotham. 9 Nat. Brown'a 10 C, Brown's. 11 Engliss. 88 In 1748, (twenty-four years after the above map was taken,) Gen. Wadsworth, of Durham, drew a plan of the town, with all the buildings, to which was added the names and professions at that period, also the location of lots to many of the first grantees. This map was pub- lished about 1806, by T. Kensett, engraver. The following are fJie Names and Professions of the In- habitants of New Haven in 1748. Austin, Ste., Joiner. Austin, Sam., Hatter. Atwater, Dav. Atwater, John, Cooper. Atwater, Isaac, Farmer. Atwater, Ja., Shoemaker. Atwater, Mary. Atwater, Jon., Farmer. Allen, Ste., Mariner. Allen, Th. Allen, Sa., Shoemaker. Ailing, "Widow. Andrew, Abigal. Andrews. Brown, Eleaz'r, Farmer. Brown, Elea., Jr., Tailor. Brown, Jn. Brown, Tim., S^nith. Brown, Sa. Bradley, Jn. , Clothier. Bradley, A., Farmer Bradle}', Currier. Beecher, ISTath., Smith. Bishop, Job., Weaver. Bishop, Sa., Farmer. Blakeslee, Widow. Bonticou, Tim., Silversmith. Ball, Ste., Hatter. Boroughs, Jo., Hatter. Crawford. Chatterton, Wm., Mason. Chatterton, Sa., Shoemaker. Chidsey, Dinah. Cook, Jed., Mariner. Cook, Sa., Innkeeper. Cooper, Farmer. Curtis, Priest. Carver, Widow. Clapp, T., Pres. Yale College. Dickerman, John, Clothier. Dickerman, Jo's, Farmer. Dickerman, J., Farmer. Dinslow, Wm., Laborer. Dunbar, Farmer. Day, Aaron, Merchant. Darling, Sa., Attorney. Doolittle, Isaac, Clock Maker. Diodate, Wm., Merchant. English, Ben., Cooper. Eliot, Jno., Merchant. Eyres, Simon. Ford, Matthew, Wheelwright. Gorham, Hez., Smith. Gorham, Tim. Gilbert, Dav., Tanner. Gilbert, Dav. Jr., Tanner. Greenough, Wm., SJiip Carpenter. Hotchkiss, Joshua, Farmer. Ilotchkiss, Keh., Farmer. Hotchkiss, Hez., Clochnaker. Hotchkiss, Caleb, Farmer. Howell, T., Merchant. Howell, Ste., Merchant. Hubbard, Jn., PJiysician. Hubbard, L., Physician. Hitchcock, Jo., Farmer. Holt, J., Parmer. Hall, Jn., Farmer. Harris, Sarah, Ingraham, Ship Carpenter. Ingersoll, Jared, Lawyer. Johnson, Jn., Farmer. Jones, Tim., Merchant. Jethro, (a black man,) Farmer. Kimbevly, Zuriel, Shoemaker. Leek, Jn. Lyon, Wm., Merchant. Lyon, "Widow. Mansfield, Sa., Merchant. I^Iansfield, Nathan, Farmer. ]\Iansfield, Jon., Farmer. Mansfield, Mo., Schoolmaster. Mansfield, Ste., Mariner. Mix, Tim., Physician. Mix, Nath., Farmer. Mix, T., Farmer. Mix, Innkeeper. Mix, Caleb, Farmer. Mix, Sa., Schoolmaster. Munson, Sa., Shoemaker. Munson, Widow. Munson. Munson, Ben., Schoolmaster. Munson, Israel, Innkeeper. Munson, Th., Smith. Miles, Jon., Shoemaker. Miles, Jo., Farmer. Miles, Jno., Cooper. Miles, Sa., Mariner. Morrison, Th. Maeumber, Jn., Farmer. Nevins. Nesbit. Noyes, Jo., Priest. Osborn, J. Potter, Noah. Punchard, Wm., Mariner. Punderson. Punderson. Pierce, Widow. Parmallee, He., Shoemaker. Prout, Jno., Oent. 89 Peck, Ja., Innkeeper. Peck, Ro., Saddler. Peck, Ste., Block Maker. Perkins, Farmer. Potter, Joel, Shoemaker. Pomeroy, Tailor. Pierpont, Ja., Gent. Row, Jn., Mariner. Russel, Dan., Joiner. Rexfird, Philip, Joiner. Sherman, J , Tailor. Sabin, Hez., Merchant. Sacket, Jn., Farmer. Scott, Wm., Barber. Smith, Israel. Tuttle, Enos, Miller. Tuttle, Ab., Sexton. Tuttle, Widow. Tuttle, Ja., Sexton. Tuttle, Noah. Tuttle. Talmadge, Ro., Farmer. Talmadge, Jno., Mariner. Talmadge, ^., Mariner. Talmadge, Ja., Joiner. Thomas, Ha., Farmer. Thomas, Caleb, Farmer. Thompson, Josiah, Joiner. Thompson, Ja., Merchant. Thompson, Jno. Trowbridge, Dan. Trowbridge, Jo., Mariner. Trowbridge, Ste., Joiner. Todd, Jo., Shoemaker. Todd, Michael, Merchant. Townsend, Ju., Barber. Thorp. Wilmot, T., Joiner. White, J., Farmer. White, Jn., Mariner. Wooster, Da., Merchant, Whiting, Jn., Gent. JOHN DAVENPORT. THEOPHILUS EATON. John Davenport was born in 159*7, in Coventry, Eng., of which citv his father Avas the mayor. He was educated at the University of Oxford. He took orders in the established Church, at the age of nineteen, and preached in St. Stephen's Church, Colman-street, London. His early friend, Eaton, was one of his parishioners. 8* 90 Fac-slmile of the signatures of Davenport and Eaton. About the year 1630, be united with Dr. Gouge, Dr. Sibs, and others, in a design of purchasing impropriations, and, with the profits of them, to provide for poor and destitute congregations. Bishop Laud, being apprehensive that this project would promote the in- terests of non-conformity, caused the company to be dissolved and the money confiscated to the use of the king. Mr. Davenport, having become a conscientious non-conl'ormist was exposed to Eiich persecution, that he retired to Holland at the close of 1633. After a resi- dence in that country of about three j'eara, he returned to London, to unite with his friends in removing to America, Having received a favorable account of the country from Mr. Cotton, Mr. Davenport. Mr. Eaton, and others, sailed for Bos- ton, where they arrived June 3d, 1637. They were received with great respect. On the 30ih of March, 1638, Messrs. Eaton, Davenport, and their associates, sailed from Boston for Quinnipiac, where, in about a fortnight, they arrived in safety. Mr. Wilson, pastor of the First Church in Boston, having died in 1667, Mr. Da- venport was invited to succeed him. The next year, in accordance with their wishes, he removed to that town. His labors here were, however, of short dura- tion, as he died of an apoplexy, March 11th, 1670 and was buried in the tomb of his friend, John Cotton. '■ He was a distinguished scholar, an admirable preacher, and a man of exemplary piety and virtue." He was also distinguished for his zeal in promoting the interests of education in the new settlements. Theophilus Eaton was born at Stony Stratford, Oxfordshire, En- gland, about 1592. His father was the minister of that place, and afterwards of Coventry. He was bred a mercliant, and was for several j'eavs agent of the King of England at the court of Den- mark ; and after his return, prosecuted liis business in London, with high reputation. He accompanied Mr. Davenport to Kew England, and was one of the principal founders of New Haven. Mr. Eaton and Mr. Davenport may be considered as the " Moses and Aaron" of the colony. For nineteen successive years, till his death, on Jan. 7th, 1658, he was annually elected Governor. Gov. Eaton was twice married ; his second wife being the widow of David Yale, Esq , and daughter of the Bishop of Chester. After his death his widow returned to England with her little grandson, Elihu Yale, whose benefactions in later life to the Collegiate School in his native town will transmit his name to coming generations. Gov. Eaton was buried just behind the Center Church. A sand stone tabular monument was erected to his memory at the expense of the Colony, in token of public gratitude, having the following inscription : "THEOPHILUS EATON, ESQ., Gov., deceased Jan. 7th, 16.57. [8.] " Eaton, so fam'd, so wise, so meek, so just. The Phoenix of our world, he hides his dust, This name forget, New England never must," AN ACCOUNT OF GENERALS GOFF, WHALLEY, AND COL. DIXWELL, COMMONLY CALLED THE KEaiCIDES.- After the death of Oliver Cromwel], and at the pe riod of the restoration of monarchy in England, many of the Judges who had condemned King Charles I. to death were apprehended ; thirty we)e condemned, and ten were executed. Others of the Judges made their es- cape. Three of the number, Generals Goff and Whal- ley, and Col. Dixwell, found a refuge in New England. ^{;£v 0ixtA^ Signatures of Ge^is. Goff, Whalley, and Col. Dixwell. [Copied from a fac-simile of the death-warrant for the execution of Charles I., in the Trumbull Gallery, Yale College, New Haven. The seals affixed to each signature are nearly obliterated.] The most authentic account we have of Goff and Whalley, after their arrival here, is from Gov. Hutchin- son's History of Massachusetts, first printed in 1764. The Governor derived his facts from Goff's journal, or 92 diary, for sevpn years from his departure front London in 1660, to 1667. It consisted of several pocket volumes, in Goff"'s hand writing, which were preserved in Dr. Cotton Mather's library in Boston. Dr. Stiles, in his " History of the Judges," says he saw one of these little manuscript volumes, from which he made several extracts. These volumes, with Governor Hutchinson's other valu- able papers, were either destroyed or carried off by the mob who rifled his house in 1765. William Goff, Esq., was a son of the Rev. Stephen Goff, a Puritan divine, Rector of Stanmer, in Sussex. He lived with Mr. Vaughan, a dry Salter in London, a great partisan of the Parliament, and a zealous Presby- terian. Disliking trade, and the war opening, he repaired to the Parliament army, where his merit raised him to be a Quartermaster, and then a Colonel of foot, and af- terwards a General. He rendered the Protector great service, in assisting Colonel White in purging the Parlia- ment. For this and other services, he received Lambert's post of Major General of foot. He was returned from Great Yarmouth in the Parliament of 1654 ; and for the County of Southampton in 1656. Last of all, he was called up into the Protector's House of Lords. At the Restoration, he left the kingdom with Whalley, whose daughter he married, and came with him to New England. Goff 's Journal, after his arrival in New England, ac- cording to Governor Hutchinson, contained every little occurrence in the town and neighborhood, of places which they (Goff and Whalley) visited. They had very constant and exact inteliigence of every thing which passed in England, and were unwilling to give up all hopes of deliverance. They had no doubt that the exe- cution of the Judges was the slaying of the witnesses foretold in the Book of Revelations. They were disap- pointed when the year 1666 had passed without any re- markable event, but flattered themselves that the Chris, tian era might be erroneous. After the second year of his sojourn, Goff wrote to his wife, under the name of TValte?- GoldsDiith, calling her Francis Goldsmith, and the correspondence is carried on as between a mother and son : his daughters he calls his sisters. 93 Edward Whalley descended from a family of great antiquity, and was a relative of Oliver Cromwell. He was a second son, and brought up to merchandise. No sooner did the contest between King Charles and his Parliament blaze out, than he (though in the middle age of his life) took up arms in defence of the liberties of the subject ; and this in oppositton to the sentiments of his nearest relations. Probably his religious opinions deter- mined him more than any other consideration. And though the use of arms must have been new to him, yet he early distinguished himself in the Parliament service, in many sieges and battles ; but in none more than in the battle of Naseby, in 1645 ; in which he charged and de- feated two divisions of Langdale's horse, though sup- ported by Prince Rupert, who commanded the reserve ; for which Parliament, January 21st, 1645-6, voted him to be a Colonel of Horse ; and. May 9th, the following year, they gave him the thanks of the House, and dfilOO, to purchase two horses, for his brilliant action at Banbury, which he took by storm ; and afterwards marched to Worcester ; which city surrendered to him July 23d following. Cromwell confided so much in him, that he committed the person of the Ki^ig to his care. The loyalists have charged him with severity to his royal prisoner; but the monarch himself, in a letter he left behind him, when he made his escape, fully exculpates him from that charge. He was one of the commissioners appointed and au- thorized by Parliament as the High Court of Justice, and sat in that august tribunal, which had the intrepid- ity and fortitude to pass judgment on a King, one^ of whose judges he was, and the warrant for whose execution he signed. At the battle of Dunbar, September 3d, 1650, he, with Monk, commanded the foot, and greatly contributed to the complete defeat of the Scotch army. Cromwell left him in Scotland, with the rank of Commissary General, and gave him the command of four regiments of horse, with which he performed many actions that gained him great honor. - He continued a steady friend to his cousin Oliyer, after 94 he had raised himself to the sovereignty, and was intrust- ed by him with the government of the counties of Lin- coln, Nottingham, Derby, Warwick, and Leicester, by the name of Blajor General. He was one of the Repre- sentatives of Nottinghamshire, in the Parliament held in 1654 and 1656. The Protector made him Commissary General for Scotland, and called him up to his other House, Gen. Whalley is supposed to have died at Hadley, Mass., at the house of the Rev, Mr. Russel, and was bu- ried somewhere on his premises, before the year 1680. According to a letter written by G off to his wife in 1674, Whalley's mind appears to be somewhat impaired be- fore his decease, as is seen in the following extract : " Your old friend, Mr, R. \^Gen. Whalley] is yet living, but con- tinues in that weak condition of which I formerly have given you account, and have not much to add. He is scarce capable of any rational discourse, his memory and speech doth so much fail him, and seems not to take much notice of any thing that is either done or said, but patiently bears all things, and never complains of any thing. , , , , , The common and very frequent question is to know how he doth, and his answer, for the most part, is, ' Very well, I praise God,' which he utters with a very low and weak voice When he wants any thing he cannot speak well for it, because he forgets the name of it, and sometimes asks for one thing when he means another, so that his eye. or finger is oftentimes a better interpreter of his mind than his tongue. , , He has not been able of a long time to dress or undress himself; nor to feed orderly without help, and it is a great mercy that he hath a friend that takes pleasuro in being helpful to him ; and I bless the Lord that gives me such an opportunity, and a heart to use it in so good and necessarj^ work," The two Judges, GofT and Whalley, arrived at Boston from England, the 27th of July, 1660, and took up their residence in Cambridge ; but finding it unsafe to remain any longer, they left that place, and arrived at New Ha- ven the 7th of March, 1661. They were well treated by the minister and magistrates, and for some days thought themselves entirely out of danger. But the news of the king's proclamation being brought to New Haven, they were obliged to abscond. The 27th of March they re- turned, and lay concealed in the house of Mr. Davenport, 95 the minister, until the 30lh of April. Mr. Davenport was threatened with being called to an account, for con- cealing and comforting tiaitors ; but the judges, who had before removed fiom Mr. D.'s house upon intimation of his danger, generously resolved to deliver themselves up to the authorities of New Haven. They accordingly let the Deputy Governor, Mr. Leete, know where they were ; but he took no measures to secure them, and the next day some of their friends came to them and advised them not to surrender. Having publicly shown themselves at New Haven, they had cleared Mr. Davenport from the suspi- cion of concealing them ; after which, they returned to their cave, which still goes by the name of the Judges* Cave. It is situated near the top of West Rock, about half a mile from the southern extremity. It is a place well cliosen for observing any approach to the mountain ; likewise, any vessel coming into the harbor, can from this rock be easily seen. The cave is formed on a. base of perhaps forty feet square, by huge broad pillars of stone, fifteen or twenty feet high, standing erect and elevated above the surrounding superficies of the mountain, sur- rounded with trees, which then concealed it from obser^ vatidu. The apertures being closed with branches of trees, or otherwise, a well covered and convenient lodg- ment might be formed, as these rocks, being contiguous at the top, furnished space below large enough lo con- tain bedding, and two or three persons. Mr. Richard Sperry, who lived on the west side of the Rock, about a mile from this cave, supplied them with daily food, some- times carrying it himself, and at other times sending it by his boys, tied up in a cloth, with directions to leave in on a certain stump, from \^hich the Judges would take it. The incident which caused them to leave the cave was this : the mountain being a haunt for wild animals, one night, as the Judges lay in bed, a panther or catamount, putting his head into the aperture of the cave, blazed his eye-balls in such a frightful manner upon them, as greatly terrified them. One of them took to his heels, and fled down to Sperry's house for safety. Considering this situation too daiigerous to remain any longer, they quitted it. 96 South view of the Judges^ Cave. View from the top of the Judges^ Cave. A, East Haven Church. B, New Haven. C, Long Island, D, Southern extremity of the West Rock. E, Top of the Cave or Rock. On the perpendicular rock shown in the engraving was formerly very legibly engraved, " Opposition to 2'i/rants is Obedience to God." The first time the Judges lodged in the aperture formed by these iso- lated rocks appeared to have been, according to Goff 'a Journal, on the fifteenth of Mav, 1661, I 97 i s '* Anotlier place of their abode, in the vicinity of New I Haven, was at a spot called The Lodge. It was situated at a spring, in a valley, about three miles west, or a little north-west, from the last mentioned residence. North of it was an eminence, called the Fort, to this day, from which there was a full view of the harbor, to the south- east, seven miles off. There were several other places on and about the West Rock which were used by them for places of concealment. The two mentioned were their principal places, however." — Stiles^ Hist. Judges. Among the many traditionary anecdotes and stories concerning the events which took place at and about the time the Judges' pursuers v/ere at New Haven, are the following : 1. The day they were expected, the Judges walked out towards the Neck Bridge, the road the pursuers must enter the town. At some distance from the bridge, the sheriff, who was then Mi'. Kimberly, overtook them with a warrant for their apprehension, and endeavored to take them. The Judges stood upon their defence, and planted themselves behind a tree ; being expert at fencing, they defended themselves with their cudgels, and repelled the officer, who went into town to obtain assistance, and upon his relurn, found they had escaped into the woods beyond his reach. 2. That immediately after this, during the same day, the Judges hid themselves under the Neck Bridge, where they lay concealed while the pursuivants rode over it, and passed into town ; and that the Judges returned to New Haven that night, and lodged at the house of Mr. Jones. All this, tradition says, was a preconcerted and contrived business, to show that the magistrates at New Haven had used their endeavors to apprehend them be- fore the arrival of the pursuers. 3. That when the pursuers were searching the town, the Judges, in shifting their situations, happened by acci- dent or design at the house of a Mrs. Eyers, a respecta- ble lady. She, seeing the pursuivants coming, ushered her guests out at the back door, who after walking a short distance, instantly returned to the house, and were con- cealed by her in one of the apartments. The pursuers, 9 98 coming in, inquired whether the regicides were at her house. She answered, they had been there, but were just gone away, and pointed out the course they went into the woods and fields. By her polite and artful address, she diverted their attention from the house, and putting them upon a false scent, thereby secured her friends. 4. That while the Judges were at the house of Mr. Richard Sperry, they were surprised with an unexpected visit from their pursuers, whom they espied at a distance ; as the causeway to the house lay through a morass, on each side of which was an impassible swamp. They were seen by the Judges when several rods from the house, who therefore had time to make their escape to the mountain. 5. At or about the time the pursuers came to New Haven, and perhaps a little before, to prepare the minds of the people for their reception, the Rev. Mr. Daven- port preached publicly from this text — Isaiah xvi, 3, 4 : " Take counsel, execute judgment, make tky shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday ; hide the outcasts, betray not him that wander eth. Let mine outcasts dwell with thee, Moah ; he thou a covert to them from the face of the spoil- er." This, doubtless, had its effect, and put the Mhole town upon their guard, and united the people in caution and concealment. To show the dexterity of the Judges at fencing, the following story is told : That while at Boston, there ap- peared a fencing master, who, on a stage erected for the purpose, walked it for several days, challenging and de- fying any one to play with him at swords. At length one of the Judges, disguised in a rustic dress, holding in one hand a cheese, wrapped in a napkin, for a shield, with a broom-stick, whose mop he had besmeared with diity puddle water as he passed along : thus equipped, he mounted the stage. The fencing master railed at him for his impudence, asked what business he had there, and bid him begone. The Judge stood his ground ; upon which the gladiator made a pass at him with his sword, to drive him off — a rencounter ensued — the Judge received the sword into the cheese, and held it until he drew the mop of the broom gently over his mouth, and gave the gentle- 99 man a pair of whiskers. He made another pass, and iilunfjliicr his sword a second time, it was cauQ^ht and held in the cheese, whilst the mop was drawn gently over his eyes. At a third lunge, it was again caught and held in the cheese, until the Judge had rubbed the broom all over his face. Upon this, the gentleman let fall his small sword, and took up the broad sword. The Judge then said, •* Stop, sir : hitherto, you see, I have only played with you, and not attempted to harm you ; but if you come at me now with the broad sword, know that I will certainly take your life." The firmness with which he spoke struck the master, who, desisting, exclaimed, " Who can you be 1 You must be either Goif, Whalley, or the Devil, for there was no other man in England that could beat me." On the 13th of October, 1664, they left New Haven, and arrived at Hadley the latter part of the same month. During their abode at Hadley, the famous Indian war, culled " King PhU'q^'s War," took place. The pious congregation of Hadley were observing a Fast on the occasion of this war; and being at public worship in the meeting-house, September 1st, 1675, were suddenly sur- rounded by a body of Indians. It was customary in the frontier towns, and even at New Haven, in these Indian wars, for a select number of the congregation to go armed, to public worship. It was so at Hadley at this time. The people immediately took to their arms, but were thrown into great confusion. Had Hadley been taken, the discovery of the Judges would have been unavoidable. Suddenly, and in the midst of the people, there appeared a man of very venerable aspect, and different from the inhabitants in his apparel, who took the command, ar- ranged and ordered them in the best military manner. Under his direction, they repelled and routed the enemy, and thereby saved the town. He immediately vanished, and the inhabitants could account for the phenomenon in no other way, but by considering that person as an angel sent of God upon that special occasion for their deliver- ance ; and for some time after, said and believed that they had been saved by an angel. Nor did they know otherwise till fifteen or twenty years after, when at length 100 it became known at Hadley that the two Judges had been secreted there. The angel was Goff, for Whalley was superannuated in 1675. The last letter from Goff of which we have any knowledge is dated April 2, 1679 ; it is dated " Ebenezer,''^ the name given to his different places of abode. One tradition is, that after the death of Whalley, his father-in-law, Goff left Hadley and went to Hartford, and afterwards to New Haven. Here he visited his friend Dixwell ; but being fearful of discovery, he wandered about and lived in secret places, and died some- where in, or near New Haven, where he was buried secretly. The correctness of this tradition is somewhat HEAD STONK Confirmed by a monument &till re- 1 foot broad, 10 inches raining behind the Center Church, high. at the N.E. angle of Dixwell's new monument, nearly covered up by the earth. The annexed engrravinsf shows Its shape, and the inscription upon it. The M. is so engraved that it may be taken for an inverted W, and thus W. G. read for William Goff, which seems more probable, as a deep, strong line is cut under- neath the M., evidently intentional. The figures 80, over these initials, probably refer to 1680, the year of his death. The object of having obscure or indefinite inscriptions over the remains of the Judges, was evidently to prevent a discovery of their burial places by their enemies. It was justly feared that if in their power to have obtained their bodies, they would have treated them with every indignity. A Royalist historian, in speaking of Goff, thus remarks : ** In 1660, a little before the restoration of King Charles 11. , he betook himself to his heels to save his neck, with- out any regard had to his majesty's proclamation ; wan- dered about, fearing every one that he met should slay him ; and was living at Lausanna in 1664, with Edward Ludlow, Edward Whalley, and other regicides, w^hen John Lisle, another of that number, was there by cer- tain generous royalists dispatched. He afierwards lived 101 several years in vagaboiidship ; but when he died, or where his carcass was buried, is as yet unknown to me.'* That General GofF was for a time concealed in Hart- ford, seems quite probable from the following letter of Sir Edmund Andross to Gov. Leete of Connecticut, still pre- served among the Miscellaneous State Papers, vol. 1 : Hon'hle S'rs. — Being informed by Deposicon* liere taken upon Oath that Coll Goth hath been and is still kept and concealed by Capt. Joseph Bull and his sons in the Towne of Hartford under the name of Mr Cooke the sd Goth and Coll Whaley (who is since dead in yor parts) having been persued as Traitors, that I may not be wanting in my duty, doe hereby giue you the above intimacon, noe wayes doubting of yor loyalty in every respect and remaine Hon'ble Srs. Your affectionate neighbor and humble servant E. Andross. New York, May 18th, 1680. Superscription — For the Honoble John Leete Esqr Governor and the Assistants of His Maties Colony of Connecticut, att Hartford. These. For his Maties special service. Matthias Nichols, Sec'yn On the receipt of this letter, June 10th, the Governor and Secretary dispatched a special warrant to the Mar- shal and Constables " to make diligent search in the houses, out-houses, and all places therein, for the sayd Coll. GofF, &c." As might have been expected, no per- son, by that time, was found to apprehend, answering the description given. The evidence is quite clear that General Whalley died at Hadley, and was buried somewhere on, or near the premises of Mr. Russell, the minister of that place. The tradition is, that his remains were afterwards taken up, and interred near those of his companions in arms, Colonel Dixwell, General Goff, and their common friend, * This deposition was recently discovered among New York Colonial MSS. at Albany, endorsed " The Deposicon of John London of Windsor in Connecticutt Apr. 20. 1678." This deponent certified that he, with Dr. Howard, of Windsor, (who knew Goff in England) went to the house of (Japt. Bull, and were well satisfied that he was the person. He also states that Whalle y was dead and buried in Hadley, and that the Trade driven by said Bull or his children, in Goods or Merchandize, was on behalf of said Gotf ; and that Mr. James Richards, of Hart- ford, brought over a cargo for him "about two yeares agoe." 9* 102 Governor Jones,* in the rear of the Center Church in New Haven. The tradition also is, that the stones now HEAD STONE. 2 feet wide and high, 8 inches thick. — Blue dark stone. * Generals Goff and Whalley (it is said) sailed from England with Gov. Jones, of New Haven, which circumstance probably had some influence in bringing the Regicides to New Haven. Gov. Jones was buried by the side of his father-in-law, Gov. Eaton. Col. Dixwell's grave almost touched that of the governor's, and the monuments said to be those of Goff and "Whalley are about twelve feet from the same place. 103 remaining, inscribed with the letters E. W., [for Edward Wkalle?/] designate the place of interment. The annexed is a correct copy of each of the E. W. stones. The reader will observe in the cut, that the date (m Whalley's head stone may be read 1658, which was about twenty years before his death. The extension, however, of the line, in a direct course beyond the curve of the 5, has the aspect of design for concealment. The inscription upon the foot stone E. W., and the three figures 16-8, are plain and distinct; but the intermediate figure is obscure. In the date of the foot stone, the 5 is discernible ; the upper line of the 7 is also obvious. Tt may be read, therefore, 1658 or 1678; and there is little doubt but that the latter was the date intended, as, accord- ing to GofF's letter to his wife, Whalley died about this time. Col. John Dixwell was another of King Charles's Judges. He was born in the county of Kent, England. He was a gentleman in good and easy circumstances, be- ing possessed of a manor and other estates in England. Engaging in the civil wars, he became an officer in the army under the Parliament and Protectorate ; was nomi- nated sheriff of the county of Kent, and became member of Parliament for Kent in 1654. At the Restoration, he abdicated his country, in 1660 ; but when he first came to New England is unknown. The first notice we have of him is in GofF's Journal, while the Judges were at Had- ley, wherein it is entered that Colonel Dixwell came to them there February 10th, 1664-5 ; but ever after they called him Mr. Davids ; and afterwards he went by the name of James Davids, Esq.j till his death. The time when Col. Dixwell first came to New Haven is unknown, but is supposed to have been about the year 1670. During the time he resided in New Haven he was known by the name of James Davids, and nothing extraordinary occurred concerning him. From 1674 to 1685, the Church had no settled minister with whom he might associate. The Rev. Nicholas Street, the minister at his first cominof here, soon died. For above eleven years, the Church was destitute of a pastor, and supplied by occasional and temporary preaching only, until Mr. 104 Pierpont's settlement, in 1685. With him the Colonel entered immediately into an open and unreserved com- munication ; but this was only for the short space of three or four of the last years of his exile. During this short time, however, there was the greatest intimacy between them, which appears to have been concealed even from the minister's wife ; for tradition says, that Madam Pier- pont, observing their remarkable intimacy, and wonder- ing at it, used to ask him what he saw in that old gentle- man, who was so fond of leading an obscure, unnoticed life, that they should be so intimate, and take such pleas- ure in being together ; for Mr. Dixwell's house being situated on the east corner of College and Grove-streets, and Mr. Pierpont's near the corner of Elm and Temple- streets, and their house lots being contiguous, and corner- ing upon one another, they had beaten a path in walking across their lots to meet and converse together at the fence. In answer to his wife's question, Mr. Pierpont remarked, that the old gentleman was a very learned man, and understood more about religion, and all other sub- jects, than any other person in the place, and that if she knew the value of him, she would not wonder at their in- timacy. Among other traditionary anecdotes concerning him, this is one : " Sir Edmund Andros came to America, and became Governor of New York in 1675, to 1684, and of Massa- chusetts from 1686 to 1689. In one of his tours through the Colony of Connecticut, about 1686, attending public worship at New Haven, he observed a venerable old gen- tleman at meeting, and, noticing him closely, discerned something singular in him, and suspected him. After meeting, he inqwired who that person was, and was told that he was a merchant who resided in town. Sir Ed- mund replied that he knew he was not a merchant, and became particularly inquisitive about him. Probably Col. Dixwell was notified of the inquisitiveness of the stranger concerning his person and character, for the Colonel was not seen at meeting in the afternoon." In connection with this, another tradition makes mention of a circumstance indicating how obnoxious Sir Edmund was at New Haven, as well as through New England. He 105 being at meeting here, and probably on the same Lord's day as the above, the deacon gave out the 52d Psalm to sing, in Sternhold and Hopkins' version, which begins thus : "Why dost thou, tyrant, boast abroad, Thy wicked works to praise? Dost thou not know there is a God, Whose mercies last alwaj's ? Why dost thy mind yet still devise Such wicked wiles to warp ? Thy tongue untrue, in forging lies, Is like a razor sharp. Thou dost delight in fraud and guile, In mischief, blood, and wrong ; Thy lips have learned the flattering stile, O false, deceitful tongue ! Governor Andros felt it as an intended insult upon him- self, and after meeting resented it as such, and reprehend- ed the deacon for it. But being told that it was the usage of this Church to sing the Psalms in course, he excused the deacon, and let the matter drop. But it is not im- probable, that though this might be the general custom, yet in this instance, a Psalm was selected for Sir Ed- mund s contemplation. Colonel Dixwell carried on no secular business, but employed his time in reading, and walking into the neigh- boring groves and woods adjacent to his house. Mr. Pierpont had a large library, from which, as well as from his own collection, he could be supplied with a variety of books. He often spent his evenings at Mr. Pierpont's, and when they were by themselves, retired to his study, where they indulged themselves with great familiarity and humor, had free and unrestrained conversation upon all matters, whether of religion or politics. But when in company, Mr, Pierpont behaved towards Colonel D. with caution and reserve. The Colonel spent much of his re- tirement in reading history, and, as a token of his friend- ship for Mr. Pierpont, he, in his last will, presented him with Raleigh's History of the World. 106 After a pilgrimage of twenty-nine years in exile from his native country, and banishment into oblivion from the world, of which seventeen years at least, probably more, were spent in New Haven, (by the name of James Da- vids, Esq.,) Colonel Dixwell died in this place. He and all the other Judges lived and died in the firm expectation of a revolution in England. This had actu- ally taken place the November before his death, but, the news not having arrived, he died ignorant of it, about a month before the seizure of Sir Edmund Andros, at Bos- ton. At his death, he discovered his true character to the people, and owned the name of John Dixwell, but re- quested that no monument should be erected at his grave, giving an account of his person, name, and character, al- ledging as a reason, " lest his enemies might dishonor his ashes," requesting that only a plain stone might be set up at his grave, inscribed with his initials, J. D., Esq., with his age, and time of his death. Accordingly, a plain rough stone was erected at his grave, close by the graves of Governor Eaton and Governor Jones, charged with this inscription, as at first put up and engraved by his friends. The following is a correct copy, both of the shape of the stone, as well as the inscription upon it. JDJEQSJSED MAMmy ys^^mj S^f^l^AR OF I Mm Jim: i68S^ 2i feet high and broad, 5 in. thick: — red stone. Whilst residing in New Haven, he was twice manied, 107 and at his death, he left a wife and two children. His will was afterwards exhibited, approved, and recorded in the Probate office. President Stiles, in his History of the Judges, says : " So late as the last French War, 1760, some British offi- cers, passing through New Haven, and hearing of Dix- well's grave, visited it, and declared, with rancorous and malicious vengeance, that if the British ministry knew it, they would even then cause their bodies to be dug up and vilified. Often have we heard the crown officers aspers- ing and viHfying them ; and some, so late as 1775, visited and treated the graves with marks of indignity too inde- cent to be mentioned." It was especially so during Queen Anne's time, and even that of the Hanoverian family, there has been no time in which this grave has not been threatened by numerous sycophantic crown de- pendents with indignity and ministerial vengeance. Col. DixwelVs Monument. The above is a representation of the Dixwell Monu- ment recently erected in the rear of the Center Church, hy Mr. Dixwell, of Boston, in memory of his ancestor. The inclosure about the monument is about twelve feet lOS square ; the original grave was at its north-eastern cor*- ner. After a lapse of one hundred and sixty-one years, on the 22d of November, 1849, his remains v^eve disinterred and inclosed within a small box, and placed in the center of the inclosure, and the present monument erected over them. The remains were taken up by permission of the authorities, soon after 5 o'clock in the morning. The color of the earth indicated the exact size of the grave, and the remains were found in a much better state than was expected. Most of the large bones were found en- tire, though the smaller ones had mostly become *' resolved to dust." According to the measurement taken, this ex- iled patriot was about 5 feet 7 inches in height, and hia head, which was examined by an eminent surgeon pres- ent, indicated, according to the theory of the phrenolo- gists, great energy and decision of character. The west side of the monument has the following in- scription : " Here rest tbe remains of John Dixwell, Esq., of the Priory of Folkestone, in the county of Kent, England, of a family long promi- nent in Kent and Warwickshire, and himself possessing large es- tates, and much influence in his country ; he espoused the popular cause in the revolution of 16-10. Between 1640 and 1660, he was colonel in the army, an active member of four parliaments, thrice in the council of state, and one of the high court which tried and condemned King Charles the First. At the restoration of the mon- archy, he was compelled to leave his country ; and, after a brief residence in Germany, came to New Haven, and here lived in seclu- sion, but enjoying the esteem and friendship of its most worthy citizens, till his death, in 1688-9." The inscription on the east side. " John Dixwell, a zealous patriot, a sincere Christian, an honest man ; he was faithful to duty through good and through evil re- port ; and, having lost fortune, position, and home in the cause of his country, and of human rights, found shelter and s^'mpathy here, among the fathers of IS^ew England. His descendants have erected this monument as a tribute of respect to his memory, and as a grateful record of the generous protection extended to him by the early inhabitants of New Haven. Erected A. D. 184:9." On the southern side is the Dixwell coat of arms. On the north side is a copy of the inscription on the ancient monument, which was removed with the remains, and placed within the iron railed inclosure. 100 EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS PREVIOUS TO THE REVOLUTION. The first Newspaper published in New Haven was the Connecticut Gazette, by J. Parker & Co., in which Dr. Franklin was connected. The earliest number before us, (perhaps the oldest one in existence,) is No. 130, from which it would appear that it was first issued in 1755. At its first appearance, it was only about 14 inches wide, and 9^ long, containing two columns to a side. The fol- lowing advertisements, notices, ifec, are copied from this paper, and may be matter of curiosity to many, and also in some instances serve to illustrate historical facts. NEW HAVEN : Printed by J. Parker & Company, at the Post Office, near Captain Peck's at the Long Wharf, where this paper may be had at 2s. 6d. Lawful Money, -per Quarter, if sent by the special post; or ls» lOd. i/a//Pen?i?/, without Postage; the fii'st Quarter to be paid at Entrance. Me. Thirteen Papers go to the Quarter, none to stop but at the end of the Quarter. Saturday, October 1st, 1767. New Haven, June I6th, 1758. Next week will be publish'd Proposals for sending by Subscript, tion a Post to Albany, during the. Summer, and for paying the postage of all Letters to the Connecticut Soldiers in the Army. Toward which the Printers of this paper will advance Five Founds lawful money. This is mentioned now, that Gentlemen may be as expeditious as possible in sending in subscriptions. New Haven, January lid, 1761. His Honour the Governor, having received Dispatches, confirm- ing the accounts of the death of our late most Gracious Sovereign, King George the Second, on the 25th day of October, 1760 :— and other Dispatches also, for proclaiming his present Majesty. — In pursuance thereof, yesterday issued orders for the Militia to appear under arms. Whereupon (though many of them from considerable distances,) two troops of Horse, and four companies of Foot, with great dis- patch and alertness, were this day before noon, drawn up on the Great Square, before tlie Town House; on notice whereof, his Honour, the Governor, with the Gentleman of the Council, (on thi^ occasion convened) with many other Gentleman of Character an< 10 110 Distinction^ were escorted by Capt. Peck's company of foot, from the Council Chamber to the place of Parade ; where in the audi- ence of a numerous Concourse (the severity of the season notwith- etanding) with great alacrity convened. His Sacred Majesty was proclaimed by reading and proclaiming aloud the following PROCLAMATION. "Whereas, it hath pleased Almighty God to call in his Mercy our late Sovereign Lord King George the Second, of blessed and glorious memory, by whose decease the Imperial Crown of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, as also the supreme dominion and sovereign right of the Colony of Connecticut in New England, and all other his late Majesty's dominions in America, are solely and rightfully come to the High and Mighty Prince George, Prince of Wales ; We therefore the Governor and Company, assisted with numbers of the principal Inhabitants of this Colony, do now, hereby with one full voice and consent of tongue and heart, publish and proclaim, that the high and mighty Prince George, Prince of Wales, IS now by the death of our late sovereign, of happy and glorious memory, become our only lawful and rightful Liege, Lord George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the faith. Supreme Lord of the said Colony of Connecticut in New England, and all other his late Majesty's do- minions and Territories in America, to whom w^e do acknowledge all Faith and constant obedience, with all hearty and humble affec- tion ; beseeching God, by whom Kings and Queens do reign, to bless the Royal King George the Third, with long and happy years to reign over us. Given at the Council Chamber at New Haven, the Twenty-second day of January, in the first year of the reign of oiir Sovereign Lord George the Third, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. Annoque Domini 176L GOD SA VE THE KING. Which proclamation was subscribed by His Honour the Governor, Deputy Governor and the Gentleman of the Council, and many other Gentlemen of a Civil, Military and Ecclesiastical Character, &c. Which was followed by three general Huzzas, and a Royal Salute of 21 Cannon, the Governor, Deputy Governor, and Council, with num- bers of Clergy, and other Gentleman of Distinction, were again escorted to Mr. Beer's ; where an elegant entertainment was provided on the occasion ; and his Majesty's, the Royal Family's, the King of Prussia's, and other loyal healths were drank ; and the Militia, after proper re- freshment, seasonably discharged ; and the whole conducted and con- cluded with great Decency and Order, and great Demonstrations of joy. Ill To BE Sold, several likely Negro Boys and Girls : arrived from the coast of Africa. Samuel Willis, at Middletown. Whereas on last Tuesday evening, a number of persons gathered together near the College, and there, and round the town, fired a great number of guns, to the great disturbance and terror of his Majesty's subjects, and brake the college windows and fences, and several of them had gowns on, with a design to bring a scandal upon the College. These may certify, that I and the Tutors, several times walked among, and near the rioters, and could not see any scholars among them ; but they appeared to be principally, the people of the town with some few strangers. September 12, 1761. T. Clap. At a Meeting of the President and Fellows of Yale College, July 21, 1762. Whereas many of the Students of this College have run greatly into debt wilh the Merchants, Tavern keepers, and others, for unnecessary things, whereby they have involved themselves with their parents in great difficalties. Voted, That no Undergraduate, Student of this College, be allowed to buy, sell or exchange any thing whatsoever, in New Haven, without the express direction of their respeclive parents or guardians of the scholars to appoint some discreet person in New Haven to have the oversight of the expences of their children : And that all the money they expend here pass through their hands. And the law of College respecting scholars debts shall be understood of such debts only as are contracted with the consent of their respective parents. Guardians, Overseers, or the Authority of College as aforesaid. JSl'ew Haven, March 5, 1762. Last Saturday afternoon, David Slusher and James Daley were cropt, branded with the letter B, on their foreheads, and received, each of them, Fifteen Stripes on their naked Bodies, pursuant to their sentences, for, some time since, breaking open and robbing the shop of Mr. Philo Mills, of Derby. A Likely Negro Wench and Child to be sold. — Inquire of the Printer. To be sold by the subscriber, of Branford, a likely Negro Wench, 18 years of age, is acquainted with all sorts of House Wovk ; is sold for no fault June l^ 1763. 112 New Haven, July 4, 1^63. "We the subscribers, Selectmen of the town of New Haven, do hereby give notice to the Inhabitants of said town, that there will be a Vendue on the 2d Monday of August next, at the State House in said town, at four of the Clock in the afternoon, where those persons which are maintained by the Town will be set up, and those persons who will keep them at the cheapest rate may have them. Also, a number of Children will be bound out, until they are either 14 or 21 years of age, if any persons appear to take them. William Grenough, Amos Hitchcock, [ s.Uctmen. John Mix, Thomas Howell. A year is past since the Printer of this paper published propo- Bals for reviving the Connecticut Gazette. 'Tls needless to mention the reasons why it did not appear sooner. He returns thanks to all those who favored him at that time, and hopes they are yet willing to try how far he is able to give them satisfaction. A sample of it is now sent abroad, in order to collect a sufficient number of Subscribers barely to pay the charge of carrying it on. When such a number ap- pears. It shall be printed weekly, and delivered to subscribers in town and country, at the rate of two-pence for each paper, which is Eight Shil' lings and Eight Pence for one year. And no addition shall be made to the price when the Stamp Act takes effect, if it is then encouraged so as to be afforded at that rate. Subscribers are not desired to engage for any particular time, so that they can stop it when they please, A special post is appointed to carry it out of the common Post- Roads. Advertisements shall be printed at a moderate Price, according to their length. AU kinds of Provision, Fire-Wood, and other suitable Country Pro- duce will be taken as pay, of those who cannot spare money, if deliv- ered at the Printer's Dwelling House, or at any other place which may accidentally suit him. The printer hereby invites the benevolent of all parties to send him an account of whatever novelues they think may be useful to iheir Countrymen. The shortest hints on such subjects, however written will be gratefully received and faithfully communicated to the Public if convenient. Besides the help he hopes to receive from different Correspondents in this colony and elsewhere, the Printer has sent for 3 sorts of Eng- lish Magazines, the Monthly Review of New Books, and one of the best London Newspapers ; these, together with American Intelligence, 113 from Nova Scotia to Georgia, inclusive, and also from Canada, cannot fail to furnisii him witii a constant stock of momentous materials and fresh advices to fill this Gazette. Benjamin Mecom, At the Post Office, Neve Haven. July 5, 1765. Just Imported from Dublin in the Brig Darby. A parcel of Irish Servants, both Men and Women, and to be sold /eap, by Israel Boardman, at Stamford. 5th January, 1764. TO THE GOOD PEOPLE OF CONKECTICUT. When I undertook the office of Distributor of Stamps for this colony, I meant a service to you, and really thought you would have viewed it in that light when you come to understand the nature of the stamp act and that of the office ; but since it gives you so much uneasiness, you may be assured, if I find (after the act takes place, which is the first of November) that you shall not incline to purchase or make use of any stampt Paper, I shall not force it upon you, nor think it worth my while to trouble you or myself with any exercise of my office ; but if, by that time, I shall find you generally in much need of stampt pa- per, and very anxious to obtain it, I shall hope you will be willing to receive it of me, (if I shall happen to have any,) at least until another person more agreeable to you can be appointed in my room. I cannot but wish you w'ould think more how to get rid of the stamp act than of the Officers who are to supply you with the Paper, and that you had learnt more of the nature of my Office, before you had under- taken to be so very angry at it. I am yours, &c., J. Ingersoll. New Haven, 24th August, 1765. New Haven, Sept. 13. On the 6th Inst., the civil Authority, Select Men, and a considerable number of the principal Gentlemen and Inhabitants of the town of New Haven, being occasionally met, at the Court House in said town, were informed that there was a report, that a considerable number of persons from some of the neighboring towns were expected to assemble in said New Haven, and to be joyned by some of the people of the Town, to shew their Resentment against the Gentleman appointed Distributor of Stamps for this colony, and that it was said that some of the principal men of the town would countenance the thing. Where- upon, the Gentlemen present unanimously declared their dislike and disapprobation of any such proceedings, as being of dangerous Ten- 10* 114 dency, and resolved to use their endeavors to discourage and prevent any such riotous Assembly, and would advise the people of this tov^^n not to be concerned therein. They at the same time, declared that they v^^ere desirous that all proper and lawful measures might be taken to obtain a Repeal of the late stamp act, which occasions so great and universal uneasiness in the country ; and they thought the most likely way to effect it would be for the colonies to unite in a dutiful remon- strance to the King and Parliament for relief. And that the wisdom of the Honorable General Assembly (the time of whose session is near at hand) may safely be relied on to conduct the affair on behalf of thia colony. New Haven, September 20, 1765. On the 17th Inst., the Freemen of this town met here. After choos- ing Roger Sherman, Esq. and Mr. Samuel Bishop to represent them in the General Assembly to be holden next month, they unanimously de- sired those Representatives to use their utmost endeavours, (at the As- sembly now sitting at Hartford, and also at the ensuing Session here,) to obtain a Repeal of the stamp act. The Stamp Master General of this colony was at the said meeting, where these words were read aloud : " Likewise, voted that the Freemen present earnestly desire Mr. Ingersoll to resign his Stamp Office immediately." Numerous were the signs of consent to this vote, when a gentleman condemned it as needless and inconsistent after their former proceedings. The Stamp Officer then arose, and declared, in the strongest terms, that he would not resign till he discovered how the General Assembly were in that respect. 'Tis said he is gone to Hartford to make that important dis- covery ; and he has wrote to New York, requesting that the Stamp Pa- per may be detained there till it is wanted here. The following is the principal part of Mr. J. IngersoU's account of hia resignation of the office of Stamp Master, on his way to Hartford from New Haven, as given in the Connecticut Gazette of September 27th, 1765. * * * " On Thursday, the 9th inst., I set off alone about seven o'clock, for Hartford, but just as I was- mounting, Mr. Bish- op said he would go along and see what would happen, and accordingly overtook me, as I did Major Hall, a member of the Assembly, upon the road ; and so we went on together until we come within about two or three miles of Wethersfield, when we met an advanced party of about four or five persons. I told them who I was, upon which they turned, and I fell into conversation with them, upon the subject of my office, &c. About half a mile further, we met another pa -ty of about thirty, whom I accosted, and who turned and went on in the time manner. We rid a little further, and met with the main body, who, I judge, were about five 115 hundred men, all on horse-back, and having white staves. They were preceded by three trumpets ; next followed two persons dressed in red, with laced hats ; then the rest, two abreast ; some others, I think, were in red, being, I suppose. Militia officers. They opened and received me ; then all went forward until we came into the main street in the town of Wethersfield, when one riding up to the person with whom I was joined, and who I took to be a principal leader or commandant, said to him. We can't all hear and see so well in a house, we had as good have the business done here ; upon this they formed into a circle, having me in the middle, with some two or three more, who seemed to be principal managers, Major Hall and Mr. Bishop also keeping near me. I began to speak to the audience, but stopt, and said I did not know why I should say anything, for that I was not certain I knew what they wanted of me ; they said they wanted me to resign my office of Stamp Distributor. I then went on to tell them that I had always declared that I would not exercise the office against the general inclinations of the people. That I had given to the Grovernor, to be communicated to the Assembly, my declarations upon that head ; and that I had given orders to have the stamp papers stopt at New York, from whence it should not come until I should be able to learn from the Assembly that it was their choice and inclination to have it come, as I did not think it safe to have it come without their consent. That I was under bonds to the Stamp Office in England, and did not think it safe or proper for me to resign the office to every one that should ask it of me ; and that I only waited to have the sense of the government, whether to conform to the act or not, in order to my getting dismissed from the office in a proper manner. And as it has been said that the Assembly would not say anything about the matter, I had now put it upon this fair footing, that if they did not by some act relative to the affiiir show their minds and inclination to have the stampt paper brought into the colony, I should not think it safe, as times were, to suffer the same to come in, nor take any steps in my of- fice ; also observed to 'em, that the Governor would have power and in- structions to put in another if I should be removed ; that the step could do them no good, &c. They said. Here is the sense of the government, and no man shall exercise that office. I askt if they thought it was fair that the counties of Windham and New London should dictate to all the rest of the colony] Upon this, one said. It don't signify to par- ly — here is a great many people waiting, and you must resign. I said, I don't think it proper to resign till I meet a proper authority to ask it of me ; and added, What if I don't resign ? What will be the conse- quence? One said. Your Fate. Upon which I looked him full in the face, and said, with some warmth, iWy jFa^e, you say ? Upon which a person just behind me said. The fate of your office. I answered that I could die, and perhaps as well now as another time ; and that I should die but once. Upon which the commandant, (for so, for brevity sake, I beg leave to call the person who seemed to have the principal conduct of the affair,) said. We had better go along to a tavern, (and which we did,) ahd cautioned me not to irritate the people. When we came against the house, and the people began to alight, I said. You can soon tell what you intend to do — my business is at Hartford — may 116 I go there, or home ? and made a motion to go. They said No, you shan't go two rods from this gpot before you have resigned ; and took hold of my horse's bridle ; when, after some little time, I dismounted, and went into the house with the persons who were called the Com- mittee, being a certain number of the main body continuing without doors. And here I ought to mention that I was told repeatedly that they had no intentions of hurting me or my estate ; but would use me like a gentleman ; this, however, I conclude they will understand was on condition that I should comply with their demands. " When I came into the house with this select committee, a great deal of conversation passed upon the subject, and upon some other mat- ters, as my being supposed to be in England when the first leading vote of Parliament passed relative to the Stamp Act, and my not advising the Governor of it ; whereas, I was ai that time in America — and the like, too tedious to relate. Upon the whole, this committee behaved with moderation and civility, and, I thought, seemed inclined to listen to certain proposals which I made ; but when the body of the people come to hear them, they rejected 'em, and nothing would do but I must resign. •'While I was detained here, I saw several members of the Assembly pass by, whom I hailed, acquainting them that I was there kept and detained as a prisoner ; and desired their and the Assembly's relief; they stopt and spoke to the people ; but were told they had better go along to the Assembly, where they might possibly be wanted. Major Hall, also, finding his presence not ahogethour agreeable, went away ; and Mr. Bishop, by my desire, went away to let the Governor and As- sembly know the situation I was in. After much time spent in fruitless proposals, I was told the people grew very impatient, and that I must bring the matter to a conclusion ; I then told thtm I had no more to say, and askt what would they do with me 1 They said they would carry me to Windham a prisoner, but would keep me like a gentleman. I told them I would go to Wind- ham, that 1 had lived very well there, and should like to go ai.d live there again. This did not do. They then advised me to move from the front window, as the sight of me seemed to enrage the people. Sometimes the people from below would rush into the room in great numbers and look pretty fierce at me, and then the committee would desire them to withdraw. To conclude. — After about three hours spent in this kind of way, and they telling me that certain of their gentlemen, members of the general assembly, had told them that they must get the matter over before the assembly had time to do any thing about it; and that it was my artifice to wheedle the matter along until the assembly should, some how or other, get ensnared in the matter, &c. the Commandant coming up from below, with numbers following close behind in the passage, told me with seeming concern in his countenance, that he could not keep the people off from me any longer ; and if they once begun, he could not promise me when they would end. I now thought it was time to Bubmit. I told him I did not thiiik the cause worth dying for, and I would do whatever they should desire me to do. — Upon this I looked 117 out of a front window, beckoned to the people, and told them T had consented to comply with their desires ; and only waited to have some- thing drawn up for me to sign. We then went to work to prepare the draught. I attempted to make one myself; but they not liking it said they would draw one themselves, which they did, and I signed it. They then told me that the people insisted on my being sworn never to execute the office. This I refused to do somewhat peremptorily, urging that I thought it would be a prophanation of an oath. The committee seemed to think it might be dispensed with ; but said the people would not excuse it. One of the committee, however, said he would go down and try to persuade them off from it, I saw him from the window amidst the circle, and observing that the people seemed more and more fixt in their resolution of insisting upon it, I got up and told the people in the room, I would go and throw myself among them, and went down, they following me. When I came to the circle, they opened and let me in, when I mounted a chair which stood there by a table, and having beckoned silence, I proceeded to read off the declara- tion which I had signed ; and then proceeded to tell them, that I be- lieved I was as averse to the Stamp Act as any of them ; that I had accepted my appointment to this office, I thought upon the fairest mo- tives ; finding, however, how very obnoxious it was to the people, I had found myself in a very disagreeable situation ever since my coming home ; that I found myself, at the same time, under such obligations that I did not think myself at liberty peremptorily to resign my office without the leave of those who had appointed me ; that I was very sorry to see the country in the situation it was in ; that I could never- theless in some measure excuse the people, as I believed they were actuated, by a zeal, though I feared, a misguided zeal for the good of their country ; and that I wished the transactions of that day might prove happy to the colony, though, I much feared the contrary ; — and much more to the same purpose. When I had done, a person who stood near me, told me to give Liberty and Property, with three Cheers, which I did. throwing up my Hat into the air ; this was followed by loud Huzzas ; and then the people many of them, even pleased to take me by the hand and tell me I was restored to their former friendship. I then went with two or three more to a neighboring house, where we dined. I was then told the company expected to v/ait on me into Hartford, where they ex- pected I should publish my declaration again. I reminded them of what they had before it might possibly ensnare the Assembly for them to have an opportunity to act, or do any thing about this matter ; some inclined to forego tliis step, but the main body insisted on it. We accordingly mounted I believe by this time, to the number of near one thousand, and rode into Hartford, the Assembly then sitting. They dismounted opposite the Assembly house, and about twenty yards from it. Some of them conducted me into an adjoining Tavern, while the main body drew up four abreast and marched in form round the Court House, preceded by three trumpets sounding ; then formed into a semi- circle at the door of the Tavern. I was then directed to go down to the door and read the paper I had signed, and which I did within 118 the hearing and presence of the assembly ; and only added, that I wished the consequences of this day's transaction might be happy. This was succeeded with Liberty and Property, and three cheers ; soon after which the people began to draw off and I suppose went home. I understood they came out with eight days provision, de- termined to find me if in the colony." ****** COPY OF THE ABOVE MENTIONED RESIGNATION. Wcthersficld, Sept. I9th, 1765. I do hereby promise, that I will never receive any Stampt-Papers, which may arrive from Europe, in consequence of any act lately passed in the Parliament of Great Britain, nor officiate in any manner as Stamp Master, or Distributor of Stamps within the Colony of Connecti- cut, either directly or indirectly, and I do hereby request all the Inhab- itants of this his majesty's Colony of Connecticut, (notwithstanding the said Office or Trust has been committed to me,) not to apply to me, ever hereafter, for any such stamped Papers, hereby declaring, that I do resign said office, and execute these Presents of my own free will and accord, without any Equivocation or mental Reservation. In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand, J, IxGERSOLL. [The Hon. Jabed Ingersoll, whose name appears above, was born in Milford in 1722. He was a lawyer of the first respectability ; and in 1757, was sent by the Legislature of the State as their Agent at the Court of Great Britain. In 1764, when in England, he was persuaded to take the office of Stamp Master. Hia acceptance of this office, says Dr. Dwight, " was unwise, but not accompanied with any ill design on his part against his country."] New Haven, November 1st, 1765. This Morning three Bells in this town which are near neighbors, began to toll here ; and still continue tolling and saluting each other at suitable Intervals. They seem to speak the word No — vem — ber, in the most melancholy tone imaginable. BENEDICT ARNOLD Wants to buy a number of large genteel fat Horses, Pork, Oats and Hay. — And has to sell choice Cotton and Salt, by quantity or retail ; and other Goods as usual. New Haven, January 24, 1766. Mr. Printer: Sir — As I was a party concerned in whipping the Informer, the other day, and unluckily out of town when the Court set, and finding the affair misrepresented much to my disadvantage and many animadversions thereon, especially in one of your last by a very fair candid gentleman indeed, as he pretends ; after he had insinuated all that malice could do, adds, that he will say nothing 119 to prejudice the minds of the people. — He is clearly seen through the Grass, but the weather is too cold for him to bite. — To satisfy the public, and in justice to myself and those concerned, I beg you'd insert in your next, the following detail of the affair. The Informer having been a voyage with me, in which he was used with the greatest humanity, on our return was paid his wages to his full satisfaction ; and informed me of his intention to leave the town that day, wished me well, and depai'ted the town as I imagined.— But he two days afier endeavored to make information to a Custom House Officer ; but it being holy time was desired to call on Monday, early on which day I heard of his intention, and gave him a little Chastisement ; on which he left the town ; and on Wednesday returned to Mr. Beecher's, where I saw the fellow, who agreed to and signed the following aclfnowledgment and Oath. I, Peter Boole, not having the fear of God before my Eyes, but being instigated by the Devil, did, on the 24th instant, make infor- mation, or endeavour to do the same, to one of the Custom House Officers for the Port of New Haven, against Benedict Arnold for im- porting contraband goods, do hereby acknowledge I justly deserve a Halter for my malicious, wicked and cruel intentions. I do now solemnly swear I will never hereafter make informa- tion, directly or indirectly, or cause the same to be done against any person or persons, whatever, for importing Contraband or any other goods into this Colony, or any Port of America ; and that I will immediately leave New Haven and never enter the same again. So help me God. New Haven, 22th January, 1766. This was done precisely at Y o'clock, on which I engaged not to inform the sailors of his being in town, provided he would leave it immediately according to our agreement. Near four hours after I heard a noise in the street and a person informed me the sailors were at Mr. Beecher's. On enquiry, I found the fellow had not left the town. I then made one of the party and took him to the Whipping-Post, where he received near forty lashes with a small cord, and was conducted out of town ; since which, on his return, the affair was submitted to Col. David Wooster and Mr. Enos Allen, (Gentlemen of reputed good judgment and understanding) who were of opinion that the fellow was not whipped too much, and gave him 50«. damages only. Query. — Is it good policy ; or would so great a number of People, in any trading town on the Continent, (New Haven excepted,) vin- dicate, protect and caress an informer — 'a character particularly at this alarming time so justly odious to the Public? Every such in- formation tends to suppress our trade, so advantageous to the Col- ony, and to almost every individual both here and in Great Britain, and which is nearly ruined by the late detestable stamp and other oppressive acts—acts which we have so severely felt, and so loudly complained of, and so earnestly remonstrated against, that one 120 would imagine ever}'^ sensible man would strive to encourage trade and discountenance such useless, sucb infamous Informers. I am, Sir, Your humble servant, Benedict Arnold. New Haven, May 23, 1166. " Last Monday morning early, an Express arrived here with the charming news ; soon after wliicb many of tlie Inhabitants were awakened witli the noise of small- arms from different quarters of the town ; all the Bells were rung; and cannon roared the glad tidings. In tlie afternoon the Clergy publickly returned thanks for the blessing, and a company of Militia were collected under the principal direction of Colonel Wooster. In the evening were Illu- mination, Bonfire and Dances— -all without any remarkable inde- cency or disordei\ The arrival of the regular Post from Boston last night, has completed our joy for the wise and interesting re- peal oif the stamp act. — Business will eoon be transacted as usual in this loyal Colony. — In short, every thing in nature seeraa to wear a more cheerful aspect than usual — to a great majority," The news of the battle of Lexington arrived at New- Haven on Friday, about noon, and Captain Benedict Ar- nold,* afterwards General Arnold, who was at the time commander of the Governor's Guard, immediately called out his company, and pro230sed their starting for Lexing- ton, to join the American army : about forty of them consented to accompany their commander. Being in want of ammunition, Arnold requested the town authori- ties to furnish the company, which they refused to do. The next day, immediately before they started, Arnold marched his company to the house where the select men were sitting, and after forming them in front of the build- ing, sent in word that if the keys of the powder-house were not delivered up to him in five minutes, he would order the company to break it open, and furnish them- selves. This threat had the desired effect, and the keys were delivered up. They stopped at Wethersfield the second night, where the inhabitants vied with each other in their attentions to them. They took the middle road * Arnold lived in Water-street, near the Ship-Yard. His house is still standing. 121 througli Pomfiet, at which place they were joined by General Putnam. On the Guards' arrival at Cambridge, they took up their quarters at a splendid mansion owned by Lieutenant-Governor Oliver, who was obliged to flee on account of his attachment to the British cause. This company was the only one on the ground that was com- plete in their uniform and equipments, and, owing to their soldier-like appearance, were appointed to deliver the body of a British officer, who had been taken prisoner by the Americans, and had died in consequence of wounds received at the battle of Lexington. Upon this occasion, one of the British officers appointed to receive the body from the Guards expressed his surprise at seeing an American company appear so well in every respect, ob- serving that in their military movements and equipments, " they were not excelled by any of his Majesty's troops." Whilst at Cam-bridge, Arnold was sent by General Washington with 1,000 men, with orders to penetrate into Canada; which, after encountering immense obstacles, was finally accomplished. About a dozen of the Guards accompanied him in this expedition. The remainder, after remaining nearly three weeks at Cambridge, re- turtied to New Haven. INVASION OF NEW HAVEN. During the Revolutionary war, while the enemy held possession of New York, the towns on the sea-board were continually liable to their incursions. In the cam- paign of 1779, the British seemed to have aimed at little more than to plunder, distress and consume. The attack on this town took place on Monday, July 5th, 1779, the day on which the citizens were to assemble for the pur- pose of commemorating the Declaration of Independence. The following account of this event is taken from the Connecticut Journal, published in New Haven, July 7th, 1779: New Haven, July 1th. About two o'clock on the morning of the 5th instant, a fleet consisting of the Camilla and Scorpion men-of-war, with tenders, transports, &c., to the number of 48, com- 11 122 - manded by Commodore Sir George Collier, anchored off West Haven. They had on board about 3,000 land forces, commanded by Major-General Tryon ; about 1,500 of whom, under Brigadier-General Garth, landed about sun-rise on West Haven point. The town being alarmed, all the preparation which the confusion and distress of the inhabitants, and a necessary care of their families, would permit, was made for resistance. The West Bridge, on Milford road, was taken up ; several field pieces were carried thither, and some slight works thrown up for the defense of that pass. The division under General Garth being landed, immediately began their march towards the town. The first opposition was made by about 25 of the inhabitants to an advance party of the enemy, of two companies of light infantry. These, though advancing^ on the heio-ht of Milford hill, were attacked with great spirit by the handful of our people, driven back almost to West Haven, and one of them was taken prisoner. The enemy then advanced in their main body, with strong flanking parties, and two field pieces ; and finding a smart fire kept up from our field pieces at the bridge aforesaid, chose not to force an entrance to the town by that, the usual road, but to make a circuitous march of nine miles, in order to enter by the Derby road. In this march our small party on Milford hill, now in- creased to perhaps 150, promiscuously collected from several companies of the militia, had a small encounter with the enemy's left flank near the Milford road, in which was killed their adjutant, Campbell, the loss of whom they lamented with much apparent sensibility. Our people on the hill, being obliged by superior num- bers to give way, kept up a continual fire on the enemy, and galled them much, through all their march to Thom- son's Bridge, on Derby road. In the meantime, those who were posted at the West Bridge, perceiving the movements of the enemy, and also that another large body of them had landed at the South End, on the east side of the harbor, quitted the bridge, and marched thence to oppose the enemy at Thomson's Bridge. But by the time they had reached the banks of the river, the enemy were in possession of the bridge, and the places at which 123 the river is here fordable ; yet having received a small accession of strength by the coming in of the militia, they gave the enemy a smart fire from two field pieces and small arms, which continued with little abatement, till the enemy were in possession of the town. Our people being obliged to retreat, either to the fields north and west of the town, or through the town across the Neck Bridge, the enemy entered the town between 12 and 1 o'clock. In the meantime, the divisions of the enemy, before men- tioned to have landed at South End, which was under the immediate command of General Tryon, was bravely re- sisted by a small party of men with one field piece, who, besides other execution, killed an oflficer of the enemy, in one of their boats at their landing. This division marched up by land, and attacked the fort at Black Rock ; at the same time, their shipping drew up and attacked it from the harbor. The fort had only 19 men and 3 pieces of artillery, yet was defended as long as reason or valor dictated, and then the men made good their retreat. The town being now in full possession of the enemy, it was, notwithstanding .the subjoined proclamation, de- livered up, except a few instances of protection, to pro- miscuous plunder ; in which, besides robbing the inhabi- tants of their watches, money, plate, buckles, clothing, bedding and provisions, they broke and destroyed their househole furniture to a very great amount. Some fami- lies lost every thing their houses contained ; many have now neither food nor clothes to shift. A body of militia sufficient to penetrate the town could not be collected that evening : we were obliged, there- fore, to content ourselves with giving the enemy every annoyance in our power, which was done with great spirit for most of the afternoon at and about the Ditch Corner, Early on Tuesday morning, the enemy unexpectedly, and with the utmost stillness and dispatch, called in their guards and retreated to their boats, carrying with them a number of the inhabitants captive, most, if not all, of whom were taken without arms, and a few who chose to accompany them. Part of them went on board their fleet, and part crossed over to General Tryon at East Haven. On Tuesdav afternoon the militia collected in 124 such numbers, and crowded so close upon Gen. Tryon, that he thought best to retreat on board his fleet, and set sail to the westward. The loss of the enemy is unknown ; but for many rea- sons it is supposed to be considerable, and includes some officers whom they lament, besides Adjutant Campbell. Ours, by the best information we can obtain, is 27 killed, and 19 wounded. As many of our dead, upon examina- tion, appeared to have been wounded with shot, but not mortally, and afterwards to have been killed with bayo- nets, this demonstrated the true reason why the number of the dead exceeded that of the wounded, to be, that being wounded, and falling into the enemy's hands, they were afterwards killed. A further confirmation of this charge is, that we have full and direct testimony, which affirms that General Garth declared to one of our militia who was wounded and taken, that " he v\"as sorry his men had not killed him, instead of taking him, and that he would not have his men give quarter to one militia man taken in arms." Although in this expedition it must be confessed, to the credit of the Britons, that they have not done all the mis- chief in their power, yet the brutal ravishment of women ; the wanton and malicious destruction of property ; the burning of the stores upon the wharf, and eight houses in East Haven ; the beating, stabbing and insulting of the Rev. Dr. Daggett after he was made a prisoner ; the mortally wounding of Mr. Beers, senior, in his own door, and otherways abusing him ; the murdering the very aged and helpless Mr. English in his own house ; and the beating, and finally cutting out the tongue of, and then killing, a distracted man, are sufficient proofs that they were really Britons. They were conducted to the town- by Wm. Chandler, son of Joshua Chandler, late of this town, who with his family went off with the enemy in their retreat. The enemy carried off between thirty and forty of the inhabitants of the town, among whom was John Whiting, Esq., Judge of Probate, and Clerk of the County Court, 125 Names of the persons killed and wounded by the British Troops at New Haven, July 5th and 6th, 1779. Killed. — John Hotchkiss, Caleb Hotchkiss, jun., Eze- kiel Flotchkiss, Capt. John Gilbert, Michael Gilbert, John Kennedy, Joseph Dorman, Asa Todd, Samuel Woodin, Silas Woodin, Benjamin English, Isaac Pardis, Jeduthan Thomson, Aaron Russell, a lad, Jacob Thorp, and Pomp, a negro, all of New Haven ; Eldad Parker, Wallingford ; Bradley, Derby; Timothy Ludlenton, Guilford; John Baldwin, Gideon Goodrich, Branford, and one per- son whose name is unknown. Wounded. — Rev. Dr. Daggett, Nathan Beers (since dead of his wounds,) David Austin, jun., Elizur Good- rich, jun., Joseph Bassett, Capt. Caleb Mix, Thomas Mix, Israel Woodin ; and taken — John Austin, Abraham Pinto, Nathan Dummer, Jeremiah Austin, Edmund Smith, and Elisha Tuttle, (since dead of his wounds, whose tongue was cut out by the enemy,) all of New Haven ; Atwater and a Negro, of VVallingford ; and Benjamin Howd, of Branford. The following is the Proclamation alluded to in the fore- going account. By Commodore Sir George Collier, Commander-in-chief of his majesty's ships and vessels in North America, and Major General William Tryon, commanding his majesty's land forces on a separate expedition. ADDRESS TO THE INHABITANTS OF COXXECTICUT. The ungenerous and wanton insurrection against the sovereignty of Great Britain, into which this colony has been deluded by the artifices of designing men, for private purposes, might well justify in you every fear which conscious guilt could form, respecting the intentions of the present armament. Your towns, your property, yourselves, lie within the grasp of the power whose forbearance you have ungenerously construed into fear ; but whose lenity has persisted in its mild and noble efforts, even though branded with the most unworthy imputation. The existence of a single habitation on your defenceless coast ought to be a subject of constant reproof to your ingratitude. Can the strength of your whole province cope with the force which might at any 11* 150 time be poured through every district in your country ? You are con- scious it cannot. Why then will you persist in a ruinous and ill juJgt'd resistance • We hoped that you would recover from the phren/y whioli has distracted this unhappy country ; and we beheve the day to be near come when the greater part of this continent will begin to blush at iheir dehision. You who he so much in ourpower, atl'ord that most striking monument of our mercy, and therefore ouglit to set the tirst example of returning to allegiance. Retleot on what gratitude requires of you ; if that is insutficient to move you, attend to your own interest; we otler you a refuge ag;iin.-t the distress wliicli, you universally acknowledge, broods, with increas- ing and intolerable weight over all your country. Leaving you to consult with each other upon this invitation, we do now declare, that whosoever shall be found, and remain in peace, at his usual place of residence, shall be shielded from any insult, either to his person or his property, excepting such as bear oHices. either civil or military, under your present usurped government, of whom it will be further required, that they shall give proots of their penitence and voluntary submission ; and they Jiall then partake of the like im- munity. Those whose folly and obstinacy may slight this favorable warning, must take notice, that they are not to expect a continuance of tliat leni- ty which their inveteracy would now render blameable. Given on board his niajesty's ship Camilla, on the Sound, .luly 4, 1779. Geokge Collier, Wm. Tryon. The following is from the London Gazette of Oct 6, 1779. Whitehaix, Oct. 6. 1779. Coj)}/ of a letter from Maj. Gen. Trt/on to Geti. Sir Henry Clinton^ dated. New Yorl-,Ji(hi 20, 1779. Having, on the 3d instant, joined the troops assembled on board the transports at Whitestone, Sir George Collier got the fleet under way the same evening ; but, the winds being light, we did not reach the harbor oi Xew Haven until the 5th, in the morning. The first division, consisting of the l1ank companies of the Guards, the Fuziliers, 54th regiment, and a detachment of the Yagers, with 4 field pieces, under the command of Brig. Gen. Garth, landed about 5 o'clock, (A. M.,) a mile south of West Uaveu, and began their march, making a circuit of upwards of seven miles, to head a creek on the west side of the town. The second division could not move till the return of the boats, but before noon I disembarked with the 23d, the Hessian, Landgrave, King's American Regiments, and Q pieces of cannon, on the eastern 1S7 Bide of the harbor, and instantly began the march of three miles, to the ferry from New Haven, east, towards Branford. We took a field piece, wliirh annoyed us on our landing, and pos- sessed ourselves of the Rock Battery, of three guns, commanding the channel of the harbor, abandoned by the rebels on our approach. The armed vessels then entered, and drew near the town. Gen. Garth got into the town, but not without opposition, Io?s, and fatigue, and reported to me at half-past one, that he should begin the conflagration, which he thought it merited, as soon as he had secured the bridge between us, over Neck Creek. The collection of the enemy in force, on advantageous ground, and with heavier cannon than his own, diverted the General from that pas- sage, and the boats that were to take off the troops being not up, I went over to him, and the result of our conference was a resolution, that, with the first division, he should cover the north part of the town that night, while, with the second, I should keep the heights above the Rock Fort. In the morning, the first division embarked, at the south-east part of the town, and crossing the ferry, joined us on East Haven side, excepting the 54ih, which were sent on board their transports. In the progress of the preceding day, from West Haven, they were under a continual fire ; but by the judicious conduct of the General, and the alertness of the troops, the rebels were every where repulsed. The next morning, as there was not a shot fired to molest the retreat. Gen. Garth changed his design, and destroyed only the public stores, some vessels, and ordnance, excepting six field pieces, and an armed privateer, which were brought off. The troops re-embarkeid at Rock Fort, [now Ft. Hale,] in the after- noon, with liiile molestation ; and the fleet leaving* the harbor that evening, anchored the morning of the 8th off" the village of Fairfield. ******** The general eflfect of the printed address from Sir George Collier and myself, to the inhabitants, recommended by your Excellency, cannot lie discovered till there are some further operations and descents upon their coasts. Many copies of it were left behind at New Haven, and at Fairfield. « # * I have the honor herewith to transmit to your Excellency a general return of the killed, wounded, and missing, on this expedition. At New Haven, July 5. Guards, 1 officer, one rank and file, killed ; 1 officer, 1 sergeant, 9 r:ublished the "American C.azcteer," in 1797 and 1804. lie received the degree 152 of Doctor of Divinity at the University of Edinburgh. He died in New Haven, June 9, 1826. His son, Samuel F. B. Morse, LL. D., (the inventor of the Magnetic Tele- graph,) though a native of Massachusetts, received his education here, and was for some time afterwards a resi- dent of this place. James Hillhouse, LL. D., distinguished for his public spirit and enterprise, was born in New London, in 1754, and graduated at Yale College in 1773. He was an offi- cer in the Revolution. He was a member of the House of Representatives, and afterwards of the Senate of the United States. He also filled various other public offices. He held the office of Treasurer of Yale College from 1782 to 1832, a period of fifty years. He died Dec. 29th, 1832, in the 79th year of his age. David Austin, an eloquent preacher, and a gentleman to whom Nevv Haven is much indebted for several public improvements, was born here in 1760. He was well fit- ted, by an accomplished education and foreign travel, to become an ornament to society, and, by his ardent piety and eloquence, to be useful in the ministry. He graduated at Yale College in 1779. It is to him that Gov. Living- ston alludes in the following lines of his poem on Philo- sophic Solitude : " Dear A***** too should grace ni}' rural seat, Forever welcome to the green r^ treat ; Heaven for the cause of righteousness designed His florid genius and capacious mind. Oft have I seen liim 'mid the adoring throng. Celestial truths devolving from his tongue : Oft o'er the listening audience seen him stand, Divinely speak, and graceful wave his hand." Mr. Austin was naturally eccentric in his manner of thinking, speaking, and acting. His mind, by dwelling too much, perhaps, on the prophecies, became partially insane on that subject. He became a champion of the 153 Second Advent doctrine. He held that Christ would commence his personal reign on the earth on the fourth Sunday of May, 1795. After this period, he went round the country announcing the near approach of Christ's cominor, and called on the Jews to assemble and make preparations to return to their own land. He declared iiimself a second John the Baptist. His extravagances increasing, he was removed by the Presbytery from his pastoral relation to the Church at EHzabethtown, N. J. He then came to New Haven, where he erected several large houses, and ten stores, for the use of the Jews, he invited to assemble here and embark for the Holy Land. Having at last, by this and other plans, expended an ample fortune, he was for a while imprisoned for debt. On his release, he gradually became calm and sane on all points except the prophecies. After the balance of his mind seemed to be restored, he preached with acceptance in various churches in Connecticut. In 1S15, he accept- ed a call to preach in Bozrah. He continued to preach to his people widi much acceptance till his death at Nor- wich, in 1831. Eli Whitney, the inventor of the Cotton-Gin, was born at Westborough, Mass., Dec. 8th, 1765. He was educated at Yale College, and soon after he graduated, went into the State of Georgia. Perceiving the difficul- ties the planters lay under in cleaning the cotton from its seeds, which rendered it unsaleable. Mr. Whitney in- vented his " Cotton-Gin," by which one person could clean a thousand pounds in a day. Before this invention, to clean one pound daily was considered a day's work. This invention was of immense importance to the south- ern States, and " by it," says Judge Johnson, of South Carolina, " their lands were trebled in value." ^ Notwith- standing this, Mr. Whitney declared to a friend, near the close of his life, that all he had received from his in- vention had not more than compensated him for the enor- mous expenses he had been subjected to on its account. In 1797. Mr. Whitney, being impressed with the uncer- tainty of all his hopes'founded on the Cotton-Gin, turned 154 his attention to the manufacture of fire-arms for the United States. In this he was more successful. Having oh- tained a contract for ten thousand stand of arms in 1798, he purchased the site of the village of Whitneyville, about two miles from New Haven, where he erected his works. Mr. Whitney died in 1825. The inscription on his monument is as follows : Eli Whitney, the Inventor of the Cotton-Gin, of useful Science and Arts the efficient patron and improver. Born, Dec'r 8th, 1766. Died, Jan. 8th. 1825. In the social relations of life, a model of excellence. While private affec- tion weeps at his tomb, his country honors his memory. CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY. The following account of the Second Centennial Anniver- sary of the Planting of Nciv Haven, April 25, 1 838, is taken from Prof. K ngsleifs Hist. Discourse. " Arrangements having been made by a joint commit- tee of the Connecticut Academy, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the city, and the Select-men of the town of New Haven, for the celebration of this anni- versary, at about half-past eight o'clock, in the morning, the citizens began to assemble near the southern portico of the State House. Scholars of both sexes, of the seve- ral schools of the city, under the superintendence of their respective instructors, were arranged on the public square, from fifteen hundred to two thousand in number. The military escort consisted of the Artillery, under the command of Capt. Morris Tyler, and the Greys, under the command of Capt. Elijah Thompson. The proces- sion was formed under the superintendence of Charles Robinson, Esq., Marshall of the day, assisted by several others. From the State House, the procession, com- prising the various classes of citizens and strangers, pro- ceeded to Temple-street, up Chapel-street to College- street, through Collecre-street to its intersection with George street ; at which place, un s •^ ' - 1^ i ■,, >J fS: i> 5' v. c. r»^ 5 :: '^ : "< r-1 rJ -^ ^ .'• b ci ?*i.-^l :■ ^1 >•< ^ s ^ ?? -^ T ^ M ^ t I'^ ^1& ;:i' MISCELLANIES. FIRST ENGRAVING IN NEW HAVEN. The primary cause of the first regular engraving being performed in New Haven appears to have been the bat- tle or action at Lexington. Wlien the news of this affair reached New Haven, Arnold, as has been stated, started with about forty volunteers. Among this number were Mr. Amos Doolittle, and a Mr. Earl, a portrait painter. These young men were, no doubt, powerfully excited by what they saw and heard at the scene of action, and on their return to New Haven endeavored to show to their excited countrymen pictorially the opening scenes of the great contest which had now fully begun, Mr. Earl appears to have made the drawings for Mr. Doolittle, who engraved the plates. Both their perform- ances were probably their first attempts in these arts, and consequently were quite rude specimens. Accord- ing to the statement of Mr. Doolittle, he acted as a kind of model for Mr. Earl to make his drawings, so that when he wished to represent one of the Provincials as loading his gun, crouching behind a stone wall when firing on the enemy, he would require Mr. D. to put himself in such a position. Although rude, these engravings appear to have made quite a sensation ; particularly the battle of Lexington, where eight of the provincials are represented as shot down, with the blood pouring from their wounds. The annexed engraving was copied from a large print 18 by 12 inches : there were four of this size published, as appears from the following advertisement in the " New Haven Journal :" THIS DAY PUBLISHED, And to be sold at the store of Mr. James Lockwood. near the Col- lege, in New Haven, Four different Views of the Battles of Lex- ington, Concord, rankhn— Maj. Gen. Gates— Col. Wm. Hull— Col. Ebenezer Stephens — Capt. Thomas Y. Seymour — Gen. John Brooks — Rufus King — Fisher Ames — John Langdon — Jown Brown — The Infant, a chief of the Six Nations — Miss Harriet Wadsworth — Miss Faith Trumbull— Mrs. Faith Trumbull— Miss Catherine Wadsworth— Miss Julia Seymour — Signor Cerrachi, Sculptor — J. Dalton — The Young Sachem, a chief of the Six Nations — Theodore Sedgwick — Oliver Ellsworth — Thomas I'inckney — John Paitledge — Charles Cotes- worth Pinckney — Gen. Moultrie — Rufus Putnam — Jacob Reed- Ralph Izard — judge Grimke — Miss Ellen Custis — Miss Cornelia Schuyler — Mrs. Martha Washington — Miss Sophia Chew — Miss Har- riet Chew — Brig. Gen. Smallwood — Maj. Haskell — Col. Morgan — Judge Egbert Benson— Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler — Jonathan Trum- bull — Good Peter, a chief of the Six Nations — Dr. Lemuel Hop- tins — John Trumbull — Judge Oakley — Henry Dwight — John C. Calhoun— Dr. Allen— David^B. Ogden— Maj. Gen Mitflin— J. Liver more — Capt. Manning — Gen. Butler — Arthur Lee. ~ The larger paintings are the following, viz. : The Duke of Wellington— Battle of Bunker Hill— Death of Gen. Montgomery — Declaration of Independence — Capture of the Hes- sians at Ti-enton — Copy of the Transfiguration, the celebrated mas- ter-piece of Raphael — Copy of Correggio's St. Jerome at Parma — Copy of Raphael's " Madonna Delia Sedia" — Copy of the Commu- nion of St, Jerome, the master-piece of Dorainichino-— Portrait of 161 Mrs. Trumbull — Copy of the Madonna by Raphael — Our Sayiour, Bearing His Cross — Death of Gen. JMercer — Surrender of Burgoj-ne Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of Connecticut during the Revolu- tion — Sui'render of Cornwallis — Resignation of Washingten — Ste- phen Van Rensselaer — The Woman taken in Adultery — St. John and the Lamb — Portrait of Pres. Washington — Earl of Angus con- ferring knighthood on De W^ilton — Alexander Hamilton — Holy Family — President Dwight — Full length portrait of Gen, Washing- ton — Infant Saviour and St, John — Rufus King — Lamderg and Gel- chossa (from Ossian) — Christopher Gore — Maternal Tenderness — Our Saviour with Little Children — Peter the Great — Holy Family — Joshua at the Battle of Ai — The Last Family at the Deluge — Pria- ou Scene. As a historical painter, Col, Trumbull has, as yet, had no equal in this country, nor has he been excelled in any other. He had the rare advantage of being personally acquainted with the individuals whose portraits are pre- served ; and, in a certain sense, he may be considered as an actor in the scenes he has represented. Perhaps the two paintings which will have a tendency to transmit his fame as an artist, beyond all others which he has executed, are the •* Battle of Bunher Hill,'" and the " Death of Gen. Montgomery at Quebec.^^ In these compositions, the accuracy of drawing, the admirable coloring, the va- riety of figures introduced, the force of expression dis- played in their attitudes and countenances, with their striking effect as a whole, stamp these productions as master-pieces of the art. The room which is first entered in the gallery, contains many objects of interest. Among these are portraits of John Davenport, Gov. Saltonstall, Gov. Yale, Dean Berkeley, and others, including many of the oflBcers of the College. This room contains, also, a group in mar- ble, of Jephtha and his Daughter, executed by Mr. Augur, of New Haven, a native artist ; the busts of Ho- mer, Demosthenes and Cicero; the sash which Gen. , "Wooster wore when he fell, near Danbury ; the portrait of Col. Humphreys ; and an original sketch of Major Andre, made by himself the day before his execution. 162 Ezekiel Cheever was born at London, January 25, 1614. He came to America in 1637, landed at Boston, and united with Eaton, Davenport, and otliers, in planting the colony at Quinnipiac. He was a man of eminence in the affairs of the colony, and especially conspicuous as a teacher of youth. He began his career as a schoolmaster here in 1638, and continued his labors in this line of hon- orable employment until 1650. He had charge of the free common school of the colony, and also of the free grammar school. In November, 1650, Mr. Cheever re- moved to Ipswich, Mass., and became master of the grammar school at that place, making it famous in all the country. After this, he labored in the same vocation in Charlestown and Boston. He was a strict disciplinarian, and " by an agreeable mixture of majesty and sweetness, both in his voice and countenance, he secured at once obedience, reverence and love." While at New Haven, he composed the Accidence, or Short Jntroduction to the Latin Tongue. The work was used in this country more than a century and a half, and has passed through more than twenty editions. He died at Boston, August 21, 1708, in the 94th year of his age. The following is an extract from an elegy upon him, written by Dr. Cotton Mather, one of his pupils : "A mighty tribe of well instructed youth Tell what they owe to him, and tell with truth. All the eight parts of speech, he taught to them, They now employ to trumpet his esteem. Magister pleas'd them well because 'twas he; They say that bonus did with it agree. While they said amo, they the hint improve. Him for to make the object of their love. No concord so inviolate they knew As to pay honors to their master due. With interjections they break off iat last, But ah is all they use, wo, and alas !" " He lived, and to vast age no illness knew; Till Time's scythe, waiting for him, rusty grew. He lived and wrought ; his labors were immense ; But ne'er declined to 'preter perfect tense." 163 Gov. Edward Hopkins was boni in England, about the year 1600, and became an eminent merchant in London. In 1G87, he emigrated to America with his friends, Theo- philus Eaton and Rev. John Davenport. He decided to go to the colony of Connecticut, while his friends founded the adjoining colony of Quinnipiac or New Haven. Gov\ H. married the step-daughter of Gov. Eaton. He was chosen Governor of the colony of Connecticut every al- ternate year, from 1640 to 16,34. In 1652, he went on business to England, intending to return ; but being chosen Warden of the English fleet. Commissioner of the admiralty and navy, and Member of Parliament, he remained in that country till his death, 'in March, 1657. When Rev, John Davenport was endeavoring to found a Collegiate establishment in the colony of New Haven, he applied for aid to his friend Gov. Hopkins, who promised to give some encouragement thereto. By his last will, he bequeathed a large amount of property for the sup- port of the Grammar School and College in this colony. Much delay occurred in realizing the bequest, and it was finally shared between New Haven, Hartford, and Had- ley and Cambridge, Mass. The portion which came to this colony served as the foundation of the Hopkins Gramma/ School, which still flourishes as the oldest literai-y institution in New Haven. Gov. Hopkins was a man of great wisdom and upright- ness, and was not less distinguished for his liberality and piety. Mather remarks : " His mind kept continu- ally mellowing and ripening for heaven ; and one ex- pression of his heavenly mind, among many others, a little before his end, was, ' Hoio often have I pleased my- self with thoughts of a joyful ?neeting with my father Eaton ! I remember with what pleasure he would come down the street, that he might meet me when I came from Hartford unto New Haven. But icith how much greater jAeasure shall we shortly meet one another in heaven !' " In Sir Ferdinando Gorges' "Wonder-working Provi- dence," &c., a relation of the planting of the New Haven colony is given. Speaking of Mr. Davenport, it mentions 164 the judicious and godly Mr. John Davenport, of whom the author is bold to say as followeth : " "When men and Devils 'gainst Christ's flock conspire, For them prepar'J a deadly trapping net : Then Chi-ist, to make all men his work admire, Davenport, he doth thee from thy country fet To sit in S^'nod, and his folk assist : The filthy vomit of Hels Dragon, deepe In Earth's womb drawn, blest they this poyson mist, And blest the meanes doth us from error keep. Thy grave advice and arguments of strength Did much prevail, the errorist confound. Well hast thou warr'd, Christ draws thy dayes in length, That thou in learn'd experience may'st abound : "What though thou leave a city stor'd with pleasure, Spend thy prime days in heathen desert land. Thy joj-'s in Christ, and not in earthly treasure, Davenport rejoice, Christ's kingdome is at hand : Didst ever deem to see sucli glorious da3'es? Though thou decrease with age and earth's content. Thou liv'st in Christ, needs then must thy joy raise; His kingdome's thine, and that can ne'er be spent." "SEATING" OF THE FIRST MEETING-HOUSE. It was formerly the custom in some parts of New England to seat the people in the Meeting-House by a Committee. This practice appears to have been kept up in New Haven till about the middle of the last century. In several instances, the records of the town exhibit the assignment of persons to seats, with the names of all the individuals. 'J'he earliest record of this kind is in the proceedings of "a General Court" or Town Meeting, •* held the 10th of March, 1646." No seat appears to be assigned to Ezekiel Cheever ; but from the occasional mention of *' the Scholar's seats," it is presumed he was placed with his pupils, who probably sat in the Gallery, under the care of their Instructor. " The names of people, as they were seated in the Meeting-House, were read in Court ; and it was ordered that they should be recorded, which was as followeth, viz. : " T%o middle seats have, to sit in them, 1st seat. The Governor and Deputy Governor. 165 2d seat. Mr. Malbon, magistrate. 3d seat. Mr. Evance, Mr. Bracey, Mr. Francis Newman, Mr. Gib- bard. 4th seat. Goodman Wigglesworth, Bro. Atwater, Bro. Seely, Bro. Myles. 5th seat. Bro. Crane, Bro. Gibbs, Mi\ Caffinch, Mr. Ling, Bro. Andrews. 6th seat. Bro. Davis, Goodman Osborne, Anthony Thompson, Mr. Browning, Mr. Rutherfoi'd, Mr. Higginson. 7tli seat. Bro. Carafield, Mr. James, Bro. Benham, Wm. Thomp- son, Bro. Lindall, Bro. Mai'tin. 8th seat. Jno. Meggs, Jno. Coopei*, Peter Browne, Wm. Peck, Jno. Gregory, Nich. Elsie. 9th seat. Edw. Banister, John Herryman, Benja. Wilmot, Jarvis Boykin, Arthur Holbridge. " In the cross seats at the end, 1st seat. Mr. Bell, Mr. Tattle, Bro. Fowler. 2d seat. Thorn. Nash, Mr. Allerton, Bro. Perry. 8d seat. Jno. Nash, David Atwater, Thom. Yale. 4th seat. Robert Johnson, Thom. Jeffery, John Punderson. 5th seat. Thom. Munson, John Livermore, Roger Allen, Jos. Nash, Sam. Whithead, Thom. James. In the other little seat, John Clarke, Mark Pierce. " In the seats on the side, for men, 1st. Jeremy Whitnell, Wm. Preston, Thomas Kimberly, Thom. Powell. 2d. Daniel Paul, Rich. Beckl}^, Richard Mansfield, James Russell. 3d. Wra. Potter, Thom. Lampson, Christopher Todd, William Ives. 4th. Hen. Glover, Wm. Tharpe, Matthias Hitchcock, Andrew Low. " On the other side of the door, 1st. John Mosse, Luke Atkinson, Jno. Thomas, Abraham Bell. 2d. George Smith, John Wackfield, Edw. Pattison, Richard Beech. 3d. John Basset, Timothy Ford, Thom. Knowles, Robert Preston. 4th. Richd. Osborne, Robert Hill, Jno. Wilford, Henry Gibbons. 6th. Francis Browne, Adam Nichols, Goodman Leeke, Goodman Daighton. 6th. William Gibbons, John Vincent, Thomas Wheeler, John Brockett. " Secondly , for the women s seats, in the middle, 1st seat. Old Mrs. Eaton. 2d seat. Mrs. Malbon, Mrs. Grigson, Mrs. Davenport, Mrs. Hooke. 3d seat. Elder Newman's wife, Mrs. Lamberton, Mrs. Turner, Mrs. Brewster. 4th seat. Sister Wakeman, Sister Gibbard, Sister Gilbert, Sister Myles. 5th seat, Mr. Francis Newman's wife, Sister Gibbs, Sister Crane, Sister Tuttil, Sister Atwater, 166 6th seat. Sister Seely, Mrs. CafRnch, Mrs. Perry, Sister Davis', Sister Cheevers, Jno. Nash's wife. 'Jth seat. David Atwater's wife, Sister Clarke, Mrs. Yale, Sister Osborne, Sister Thompson. 8th seat. Sister Wigglesworth, Goody Johnson, Goody Camfield, Sister Punderson, Goody Meggs, Sister Gregor3\ 9th seat. Sister Todd, Sister Boykin, Wm. Pottei''8 wife, Matthias Hitchcock's wife, Sister Cooper. " In the cross seats at the end, 1st. Mrs. Bracey, Mrs. Evance. 2d. Sister Fowler, Sister Ling, Sister Allerton. 3d. Sister JefFer}?^, Sister Rutherford, Sister Livermore. 4th. Sister Preston, Sister Benham, Sister Mansfield. 5th. Sister Allen, Goody Banister, Sister Kimberly, Goody Wil- mott, Mrs. Higginson. In the little cross seat, Sister Potter the midwife, and old Sister Nash. " In the seats on the sides, 1st seat. Sister Powell, Goody Lindall, Mrs. James. 2d seat. Sister Whithead, Sister Munson, Sister Becklj^, Sister Martin. 3d seat. Sister Peck, Joseph Nash's wife, Peter Browne's wife, Sister Russell. 4th seat. Sister Ives, Sister Bassett, Sister Pattison, Sister Elsie. " In the seats on the other side of the door, 1st seat. Jno. Thomas's wife. Goody Knowles, Goody Beech, Goody Hull. 2d seat. Sister Waekfield, Sister Smith, Goody Mosse, James Clarke's wife. 3d seat. Sister Broekett, Sister Hill, Sister Clarke, Goody Ford. 4th seat. Goody Osborne, Goody Wheeler, Sister Nichols, Sister Browne." The following list of newspapers and other periodical works, published in New Haven, Conn., is furnished by a gentleman of the place, who has drawn it from a de- tailed manuscript catalogue by him prepared. It is believed to be nearly complete to the year 1838. The Connecticut Gazette, printed by James Parker, near the Hay- market. Weekly. Begun in April? I'/So ; suspended April 14, 1764; revived July 5, 1765, by Benjamin Mecom, and ended with No, 596, Feb. 19, 1768. — The Connecticut Journal and New Haven Post Boy. Begun October 23, 1767, by Thomas and Samuel Green. It passed through the hands of manj^^ publishers, and ended with No. 3517, April 7, 1835. — The New Haven Gazette, by Meigs, Bowen & Dana ; begun May 13, 1784; ended February 9, 1786. Weekly. 16t —The New Haven Gazette aud the Counecticut Magazine, by Meigs & Dana. Begun February 16, 1786 ; ended . Weekly. — American Musical Magazine, monthly, 4to, published by Amos i)oo- little and Daniel Read. 10 numbers; about 1788. — The New Haven Gazette, begun January 5, 1790 ; ended June 29, 1791. Weekly. — • Federal Gazeteer, begun in February, 1796 ; ended ■ — . Weekly. —The Messenger, begun January 1, 1800 ; ended August 9, 1802. Weekly. — The Sun of Liberty, begun in 1800 ; ended . The Visitor, begun October 30, 1802 ; and November 3, 1803, became the Connecticut Post and New Haven Visitor. Supposed to have ended November 8, 1804. Weekly.— The Churchman's Monthly Magazine, 8vo, monthly, begun January, 1804. Four volumes pub- lished. — Connecticut Herald, begun 18*04, by Comstock, Griswold & Co. Weekly.— The Literary Cabinet, begun November 15, 1806 ; ended October 31, 1807. Edited by members of the Senior Class in Yale College. 8vo, pp. 160.— Belles Lettres Repository, edited and published by Samuel Woodworth ; begun and ended in 1808. — Me- moirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 8vo ; begun 1810, ended 1813. Pp. 412.— Columbian Register, begun December 1, 1812. Weekly. — The Athemeum, begun February 12, 1814; ended August 6, 1814. Edited by Students of Yale College. 8vo, pp. 120. — Religious Intelligencer, begun June 1, 1816. 8vo. — The Guardian, monthly, conmienced isis, ended Dec, 1828; 10 vols, published.— The Christian Spectator, 8vo, monthly, begun January, 1819 ; ended in this form Dec, 1828. It has been continued since as a Quarterly. — -The American Journal of Science and Arts, con- ducted by Benjamin Silliman ; begun 1818. Quarterly. Vol. 31 was published in January'-, 1837. — The Microscope, edited by a Fra= ternity of Gentlemen, begun March 21, 1820; ended September 8, 1820 ; 8vo, pp. 200. Semi-weekly.— The National Pilot, begun October, 1821; ended in 1824.— United States Law Journal and Civilian's Magazine, 8vo, quarterly, begun June, 1822 ; ended 1823. American Eagle, begun 1826 ; ended — •. New Haven Chroni- cle, begun February, 1827 ; ended about June, 1832. — New Haven Advertiser, begun May 1, 1829; ended October 20,1832. Semi- weekly. — New Haven Palladium, weekly, begun Nov. 7, 1829.— The Sitting Room, edited by members of Yale College, 1830. — =New Haven City Gazette, begun April 1, 1830 ; ended May 7, 183L Weekly. — The Miscellany, semi-monthly, begun November 12, 1830 ; ended — . The Student's Companion, by the Knights of the Round Table, 8vo ; begun Jan., 1831 ; ended May, 1831. Monthly. — The Little Gentleman, begun January 1, 1831 ; ended April 29, 1831. 18mo. — National Republican, begun July 26, 1831 ; ended March, 1832.— The Boy's Saturday Journal, begun Dec. 3, 1831 ; ended Feb. 18,1832; in 12 numbers, 48mo.— The Literary Tablet, semi-monthly, begun March 3, 1832 ; ended March 29, 1834. — The Sabbath School Record, 12mo, monthly ; begun January, 1832 ; ended Dec, 1833. — The Child's Cabinet, monthly, begun April, 1832 ; ended — . Daily Herald, begun Nov. 26, 1832. — -Watchtower of Freedom, begun Oct 20, 1882; ended =-. Morning Regis- I 168 ter, daily, begun Nov., 1883 ; ended — . Morning Palladium, (daily and thrice a week,^ begun JS'ov. 15, 1883 ; ended Jan., 1834. — The Medley, conducted by an Association of the Students of Yale College; begun March, ended June, 1833; 8vo, pp. 166.— Journal of Freedom, weekly, begun in May, 1834 ; ended about May, 1835. — Jeffersonian Democrat, begun June 7, 1834, and continued about six weeks. Weekly. — The Microcosm, or the Little World of Home, 8vo, monthly ; begun July, 1834.— The Perfectionist, monthl}', begun August 20,^1834; ended March 15,1836. The last four numbers bore the name of the New Covenant Becord. — Literary Emporium, 4to, begun June 16, 1835.' — Religious Intelligencer and Kew Haven Journal, begun Jan. 2, 1836. — The American Historical Magazine and Literary Recoid, begun January, 1836 ; monthly, 8vo. — Yale Literary Magazine, conducted by the Students of Yale College ; begun Feb., 1836 ; 8vo, 3 numbers per term. — Chronicle of the Church, 4to ; begun Friday, Jan. 6, ISSY. The foUowiTfg extracts are from the Cohimhian Register^ published during the ti?ne of the last war with Great Britain. New Haven, Sept. 14, 1813. — The hod\es of Lawrence and Ludlow passed through this city on Friday last, in covered waggons, on their way to JS^. York. On Tuesday the 'Jth inst. 3 or 4 of the enemy's armed vessels passed through the Sound towards New York — they captured sev- eral sloops during their cruise. On Friday afternoon last, a frigate and a sloop of war were seen to pass this harbor, steering eastward, and were off Killingworth on Saturday afternoon. AVe understand that they sent their barges ashore at Guilford and fired a sloop, but that they were soon driven off, and the fire extinguished so soon as to save most of the vessel and property. Lieut. John A. Thomas, with between 20 and 30 soldiers of the 4th regiment, left Fort Hale on Tuesday last for Greenbush. They embarked on board an Albany sloop, and proceeded towards New York, until they discovered the British force in the Sound, when they ran into some Creek and escaped capture. JSew Haven, April 19, 1814. — On Friday last a frigate, a gun brig and a small sloop, were discovered off this harbor steering west- ward — they proceeded as far as Stratford Point, where thej' came to anchor for the night. — On Saturday morning they passed this harbor, for the eastward. The appearance of the enemy before this city at so short period after their depredations at Saybrook. aroused the citizens, and 169 occasioned the meeting of the proper authority and principal gen- tlemen of the city at the State House, to devise means to repel any attack ; and we are happy to state that every precautionary mea- sure has been adopted, by fui'uishing the citizens with arms, am- munition, (fee, and keeping a night-watch to give the first alarm should an enemy approach. New Haven, April 26, 1814. — On Friday last 4 seamen were brought to town by a patroling party of horse that had been order- ed out a few days past as a guard to ride along the coast near this city. The seamen were discovered near the light-house, 5 miles from this city, landing from a small open boat. They were sus- pected of being spies, but on being examined in this town they gave satisfactory evidence of being deserters, and were set at liberty. They say that they deserted from the British sloop of war Sylph, lately arrived on our coast. One of them had attempted to desert three times before, and had received 40 lashes, which fully appeared by examination. New Haven, Sept. 6, 1814. — His excellency Gov. Smith, visited this city last week. On Wednesday, accompanied by several gen- tlemen of this town he examined the new fortifications erecting on Prospect Hill. He then repaired to Fort Hale, when the command- ant, Captain Northrop, ordered a salute fired. The Governor has ordered a considerable force to this place ; and his exertions for the public good in this day of danger are highly honorable to him- self and the state. New Haven, Oct. 4, 1814. FORT ON PROSPECT HILL, NEAR NEW HAVEN. This work has progressed with great rapidity, and is now nearly completed. The inhabitants of the neighboring towns deserve and receive the thanks of the public, for volunteering their aid in this patriotic labor. On Wednesday and Thursday last one hundred men from Che- shire, under the direction of Andrew Hull, Esq. labored with great industry and eff"ort at the fortifications, for two days. On their return through the city in waggons, with music playing, they were saluted with a discharge of artillery, and cheered by the citizens who had collected in great numbers at the Public Square. On Thursday, one hundred men from the town of North-Haven, under the direction of their rev. pastor. Dr. Trumbull, the venerable historian of Connecticut, 80 years of age, volunteered their ser- vices and spent the day in the same patriotic work. This aged minister addressed the throne of grace, and implored the Divine blessing on their undertaking. On Friday, the same number of men from Hamden, under the 15 no command of capt Jacob Whiting, with great industry, labored at the same work, and were saluted and cheered by the citizens on their return. The inhabitants of the town of Meriden, with a patriotism not exceeded by their neighbors, have volunteered their aid for Wednesday next. It is confidently hoped, that our fellow-citizens of other towns in this vicinity, and our own citizens, will in the course of the pres- ent week, complete the works which are now nearly finished. Parties who are willing to give their assistance in this preparation for the common defence, are desired to give notice to the Committee of the time when it will be agreeable to them to give their attend- ance. The enemy is hovering on the coast — Where the next blow will be attempted no one can tell. Preparation to repel invasion cannot too speedily be made. I^cio Haven, Oct. 18, 1814. CAPTURE OF PACKET SUSAN AND CUTTER EAGLE. On Sunday the 9th inst. the Packet Susan, John Miles, master and owner, left New York for this place, with several passengers, and a cai'go of flour, goods, &c. to the amount of 12 or 15,000 dollars. On Monday morning, about 9 o'clock, off Mill-River, (a little west from Bridgeport) the Susan was boarded and captured by a British tender, commanded by a Lieut, with about 50 men, an 18 pounder and two 4 pounders. Information of this capture was received in this city late in the afternoon of the same day, when the Revenue Cutter Eagle, Capt. Lee, immediately prepared, and in addition to her crew took on board about 30 volunteer citizens, and put off in hopes to re-take the Susan. The wind being light they bore a little to the eastward and stood towards Long Island ; at day break they found themselves nearly under the guns of a sloop of war, when the cutter out sweeps and endeavored to get into a creek on Long Island shore — it being almost a calm, the enemy's vessel manned her barges and sent them in pursuit. Capt. Lee finding he could not enter the creek, (and the brig drawing near) ran on shore, under a high bluff, nearly opposite Falkland Islands, where he commenced a fire upon the barges and compelled them to sheer off. The crew with the assistance of the people who had collected on shore, took 4 guns from the cutter, planted them on the bank and succeeded in keeping the enemy from landing or get- ting possession of her. After injuring the cutter very much from their fire, the enemy's vessels stood to the eastward ; but their barges made several attempts upon her during the night. The next day Capt. Lee succeeded in getting off the cutter, and whilst attempting to remove her a few miles and place her under the protection of a small fort, the enemy returned and got pos- session of her. They will undoubtedly refit her to cruise in the Sound. 171 The cutter carried four 4 pounders, and two 2*8. No person on board her was injured in this affair. The following are the names of those who volunteered their ser- Tices on board the cutter Eagle, captain Lee, in defence of free trade and sailors' rights : Capt. Elnathan Atwater, captain John Davis, Lt. Stephen Dum- mer, Thomas Miles, John Hoods, Asahel Tuttle, Chs. B. Lines, Simeon Chatfield, Ammi Harrison, Levi Collins, jr. Jas. Atwater, jr. John Munson, Samuel Hine, John Derrick, Ebr. Burrill, Andrew D. Mar- tin, Major Cook, Chs. Barker, Russel Warren, Pomroy Barney, David Moulthrop, John Hubbard, Mr. Mix, Mr. Lewis, Fred'k Brindsley, Cambridge Hall, B. Applewhite, P. Zainy, &c. The flag that was sent off to the squadron returned here on Friday evening last with captain Miles and some others who were in the Susan when captured. The captain came home for the purpose of obtaining the means of ransoming the packet and cargo. He has returned to the squadron with the money, and will probably arrive here again with his vessel to-day. The British will probably represent the capture of the Revenue Cutter as a Splendid Naval Victory. We think with them, that the capture of a Yankee vessel of this class, viz. of six pop guns, by only a gun brig and several barges, is something uncommon in British Naval History at the present time. Our Patrons must pardon us for giving them a very inferior quality of paper this week. Fortune has frowned upon the printer, and placed in the hands of the enemy, by the capture of the Susan, our stock of paper for several months, worth between 2 and 300 dolls. It will be obtained, however, by paying nearly its value over again. Our friends who are in arrears at this office, it is hoped, will not remember to forget the publisher at this time New Haven, May 13, 1815.— The Steam Boat FULTON arrived here on Monday last at 6 o'clock in the afternoon ; she returned to New York the same evening, and arrived here again on Tuesday evening. At 6 o'clock on Wednesday morning she left here with about 80 passengers for Hartford, intending to arrive there on Thursday morning, the day of our great General Election and collection ; she arrived at Middletown, (a distance of between 60 and 70 miles, one half of which distance was on the Connecticut river, and against a strong current,) at 6 o'clock, P. M.— she stopped there until 4 o'clock on Thursday morning, when she proceeded on and arrived at Hartford in 4 hours, where she was saluted by the discharge of cannon and the huzzas of the multitudes who were gratified with the sight of a Steam Boat fifty miles above the mouth of Connecticut river. The Steam Boat arrived here last night from Hartford, and proceeded this day to N. York. I PLAN OF PART OF CHAPEL STREET, Showing the Buildings and Occupants about the Year 1786. CHURCH STREET, R. Cutler. ^ Richard Cutler's - Warehouse and Store. — Hei. Beardiley'a House and Drug » Store. ' Eli Beecher.-IB John Cook's House if Tailor Shop, g Samuel Covert, izsuse oe Tailor' s •'.:- Shop. . Bishop & Hotchkiss, Hat Store. ...B NOW ORANGE STREET. i Wm. McCracken's House if Store. 11 E. Beardsley, House If Drug Store g Theophilus Munson, House and H Blacksmith Shop. Watts House, occ. by Messrs. Sher- .^ man, A. Bradley, 2d, D. Cooke."' g ST ^ ...John Miles, Tavern. H-Thad. Beeeher'8 House, Store and „ Warehouse. ,..'rimo. Phelps, Dr^f Qoods Merek't. Titus Street's House and Store. . m Ruth Crane. g John Beecher. gl Maltby & Fowler, Grocers. B ..~.N. Kimberly, Painter. ,. Old House, present site of New Ha- [Sj' ven Bank. SI Pember Jocelyn g]' Jeremiah Atwater. _.- -Atwater & Lyon's Store. g Z. Read's House. — Z. Read's Saddlery. - Mix's Bakery. SI- Joseph Mix, ..Col. Lyon. a ,.....N. Lyon's Shop. -Warehouse. Bradley & Hugpns' Store. STATE STREET. The above shows all the buildings standing in Chapel-street in the year 1786, together with the names of their occupants, &c. The plan was drawn by the late Charles Bostwick, Esq., and published in the Columbian Register, August I9th, 1845. At the period Deacon Bostwick drew the above (1845), he was the only person remaining who resided or did business, in 1786, in this section of Chapel-street, now the most compact business part of the city. At this time there was not a brick building in the street. The first brick building was erected by Col. William Lyon, and was occupied as a banking house for the New Haven Bank for several years. 173 James Luce Kingshy. — He was born at Scotland, a parish of Windham, Conn., August 28, 1778, and was graduated at Yale College in 1799. In September, 1801, he was appointed Tutor in the College ; and having served in this office four years, he was, in 1805, elected Professor of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin Languages, and of Ecclesiastical History. After 1831, when a sep- arate Professorship of Greek was established, he ceased to teach this tongue, but continued to give instruction in Hebrew until 1835. From the year 1831, he considered the Latin Language and Literature his proper depart- ment. In August, 1851, just fifty years from the date of his first appointment as an officer of the College, he re- signed his place. In accepting his resignation, the Cor- poration requested him still to retain a connection with the College as Professor Emeritus. From 1805 to 1824, he was the Librarian of the College ; and in 1845, he went to Europe at his own expense, in order to buy books for the Library. For fifty years he had charge of the Triennial Catalogue of the Graduates of the College. He was distinguished for his accurate and thorough scholarship, and for his investigations as a critic and his- torian. Many important contributions, on literary and classical topics, were published by him in the reviews of his time. In 1838, he delivered a discourse at the second Centennial Celebration of the settlement of the Colony of New Haven. He died at this place, Aug. 31, 1852, aged 75. The following is the inscription on his monument : " H. S. E. Jacobus Luce Kingsley, LL. D. in Collegio Yalensi, cujus lumen fuit atqne coluinna, Latinse Linguae et Literarum Professor, qui, per totum vitse cursum cultui deditus elegantium doctrinarum, ingeniosissimus in rebus reconditis et in dagandis et exponendis, veritatis studio- sissimus, justitia? aniator, Dei cultor sincerus, quuni ingenii, eruditionis, probitatis, modestia^ fama usque ad senectutem floruisset, mortem non repugnans obiit; a propiuquis, col- legis, discipulis, aliis valde defletus, xxxi. _ die Augusti, Anno Domini mdccclii., muneris sui Academici ll, .^tatis LXXV." 15* 174 The following is a list of Deaths in New Haven, from 1789 to Jan. 1, 1856, with the exception of the year 1818. Year. Total. Year. Total. Year. Total. 1789, . . 53 1815, . . 213 1841, . . 296 1790, 70 1816, 82 1842, 247 1791, 55 1817, 77 1843, 279 1792, 61 1818, 1844, 246 1793, 80 1819, 103 1845, 307 1794, 180 1820, 135 1846, 268 1795, 159 1821, 127 1847, 270 1796, 67 1822, 144 1848, 327 1797, 58 1823, 110 1849, 519 1798, 78 1824, 141 1850, 304 1799, 69 1825, 189 1851, 439 1800, 79 1826, 161 1852, 685 1801, 95 1827, 115 1853, 538 1802, 106 1828, 146 1854, 662 1803, 145 1829, 169 1855, 562 1804, 95 1830, 171 1805, 126 1831, 191 1806, 106 1832, 227 1807, 108 1833, 160 1808, 78 1834, 161 1809, 116 1835, 209 1810, 119 1836, 270 1811, 121 1837, 267 1812, 91 1838, 221 1813, 228 1839, 243 1814, 100 1840, 210 The apparent increase in the annual mortality since 1852, is partly owing to the increase of population, bnt mainly to the fact, that since that time, under the operation of the excellent Registra- tion Law of the State, the deaths in the whole town are included. The average mortality of New Kaven is about one in 51 of its inhabitants. In Philadelphia, ... 1 death in 42, 1 " 39, 1 " 36, 1 " 29, 1 " 25, is as great in this city as in most In Boston, In Baltimore, In Chicago, In New York, Showing that the value of life country towns. For some of these statistics we are under obligations to the Town Registrar, S. G. Hubbard, M. D. ; to whose efforts, also, we are principally indebted for our City By-Law regtilating Burials, passed in 1850, and subsequently for the State Law requiring the registration of Births, Marriages and Deaths. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF IMPORTANT AND INTERESTING EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN. 1637. The English first traverse the country, from Saybrook to Fairfield, in pursuit of the Pequots. ' Mr. Eaton and others build a hut at Quinnipiac [New Haven] during the fall of this year, where a few men spent the winter. 1638. Mr. Davenport and others sailed from Boston for Quinnipiac, March 30. " Mr. Davenport preached near the corner of George and College-streets, under an oak — the first Sabbath in New Haven, April 15. " Treaty made with Momauguin and others, Nov. 24. " Ezekiel Cheever commenced his career as schoolmaster. 1639. Original Constitution of New Haven Colony formed, June 4. " Theophilus Eaton chosen first Governor, Oct. 25. " Nepaupuck, a Pequot chieftain, condemned and executed for several murders. His head was cut oft', and set upon a pole in the market-place. 1640. Robert Peaks and Daniel Patrick, agents of New Haven, bought Greenwich. *' The General Court decreed that Quinnipiac should be called New Haven. 1642. Troubles with the Dutch and Indians. " Free School ordered to be set up by the Colony. 1643. Gov. Eaton and Mr. Gregson sent to Boston from New Haven, as commissioners to the Confederation of the Colonies of New England. " The Dutch being harassed by the Indians, apply to New Haven for assistance. 1644. New Haven sent help to Fairfield and Stamford against the Indians. 1645. Mr. Gregson appointed agent to procure a patent for the Colony. 1647. Mr. Gregson, Captain Turner, and five or six other principal men, embarked, in January, at New Haven, on a trading voyage to London ; never heard of afterwards. 1648. A ship belonging to Mr. Westerhouse seized by the Dutch, in New Haven harbor. 1651. Fifty men from New Haven and Tetoket [Branford], in attempting to settle their lands at Delaware, were im- prisoned by the Dutch governor. 176 i660. Commissioners of the United Colonies met in New Haven, Sept. 14. Mons. Godfrey and Gabriel Druillets, two agents or commissioners from Canada, petitioned for assist- ance against the Six Nations. 1663. Great alarm and distress on account of the Dutch and Indians. " Connecticut and New Haven " provided a frigate of 10 or 12 guns, with 40 men, to defend the coast from the Dutch." 1656. Gov. Eaton compiles a code of laws for New Haven, printed the next year at London. " Mr. Wm. Hooke, teacher of the Church, removed to England. 1666. The General Court of New Haven ordered a troop of sixteen horse to be raised in five towns on the coast. First tmop in any part of Connecticut. 165*7. Gov. Eaton of New Haven died, in the 67th year of his age. " Gov. Edward Hopkins died at London, March, leaving be- quest for a Grammar School or College in New Haven. 1658. Mr. Francis Newman chosen Governor of New Haven Colon3^ 1661. William Leet, Esq., chosen Governor; Matthew Gilbert, Deputj^ Governor. " The Regicides Whalley and Goff arrive in New Haven, March 27. 1666. Union of New Haven and Connecticut Colonies. 1668. Rev. Mr. Davenport removed to Boston. 1670. Mr. Davenport died suddenly in Boston, March 11, aged 73. 1675. Much alarm on account of King Philip's "War ; the town for- tified. 1677. The town appointed Deacon William Peck and John Chidsey " to make up the rate," deliver it to the ministers, and prosecute such as fail in the pajTnent. The Church Trea- sury was previously supplied by voluntary contributions. 1680. Matthew Gilbert and John Punderson, two of the "seven pillars" of New Haven, died. Goff, the Regicide, is sup- posed to have died in, or near New Haven, the same year. 1685. Rev. James Pterpont ordained pastor, July 2. 1689. Col. John Dixwell, one of the Regicides, died in New Haven, aged 81. 1697. The town voted Mr. Pierpont a regular salary annually, in- stead of the avails of the tax, more, or less. 1714. Rev. Mr. Pierpont died, Nov. 14, at the age of 55. 1716. The Collegiate School (Yale College; removed from Saybrook to New Haven. 1717. The edifice for the Collegiate School begun, Oct. 8. 1718. The College building completed, and the first Public Com- mencement held in New Haven, Sept. 10, and the name of Yale given to the building and to the School. Legislature of the Colony of Connecticut first met at N. H. 1721. Gov. Yale died in England, July 8th, aged 73. 1724. Number of inhabitants estimated in New Haven, 1,000; houses 163. 177 1Y40. Rev. George Whitefield arrived in New Haven. Great atten- tion to the subject of Religion at this period. 1744. White Haven house of worship commenced. 1745. Mr. "Whitefield preached in the open air to a great congrega- tion assembled on the Green, before Mr. Pierpont's house. 1763. Public worship commenced in the College Hall. 1756. First Episcopal Society formed. " New Haven Gazette, by Jas. Parker, first Newspaper printed in New Haven. " Laws of Yale College, in Latin ; the first book printed in New Haven, 24 pages 8vo. 1759. White Haven Society incorporated. 1761. Rev. James Noyes, pastor of the First Society for 46 years, died, aged 73. 1765. Much excitement on account of the Stamp Act. Mr. Ingersoll resigned his office. 1766. Rev, Naphtali Daggett elected President of Yale College. Tornado. Steeple in East Haven blown down. 1772. Laws of Yale College first published in the English tongue. 1775. The Governor's Guard, under Captain Arnold, marched to Cambridge, on the news of the action at Lexington. " Margaret, wife of Benedict Arnold, Esq., died June 10, aged 30. 1777. Rev. Ezra Stiles elected President of Yale College. 1779. New Haven invaded and plundered by the British, July 6. 1780. Hard winter. Snow four feet deep throughout New England. " Dark Day throughout New England, May 19. 1781. Duke de Lauzun, with his Legion of 600 men, passes through New Haven, June 28. 1784. New Haven constituted a City by the Legislature. 1787. Rev. Chauncey Whittelsey, after a ministry of thirty years, died, aged 70. " First regular Census taken : number of inhabitants, 3,540, in- cluding 176 students. 1793. Roger Sherman, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, died July 23. 1794. Yellow fever in New Haven ; 160 persons seized by it, of whom 64 died. 1795. President Stiles died. May 12, aged 67. *' Timothy Dwight elected President of Yale College. 1796. The town appropriated 200 dollars for destroying barberry bushes. 1797. Martha, wife of John Townsend, died Nov. 9, aged 44; the first person buried in the New City Cemetery. 1800. Tonnage in the port of New Haven, 11,011. 1801. Samuel Bishop. Town Clerk for 54 years, died, and was suc- ceeded by Elisha Munson. 1803. Brewery in Brewery-street burnt, April. 1806. Re/. Samuel Merwin ordained, United Society. 1806. By-law passed, forbidding smoking within 4 rods of any house or barn within the Citv limits. 178 1806. Great Eclipse of the Sun, June 16th. 1807. First Methodist Church built. 1809. A slight shock of an earthquake, May 25. 1812. Nath. W. Taylor ordained, Center Church, April 8. " Rev. James Dana, D. D., died Aug. 18, aged 77. " Rev. Bela Hubbard, D. D., Rec. Trin. Ch., died Dec. 6, aged 73. 1813. Medical Institution of Yale College went into operation. " Rt. Rev. Abraham Jarvis, D. D., died May 3, aged 75. 1814-15. Center, Ti-inity and North churches built. 1815. Old blue meeting-house occupied for the last time, Dec. 17. " First steamboat arrived from New York, March 21. " Epidemic Dysentery, confined principally to children. 1816. Cold summer — frost every month in the year. '♦ Rev. Harry Croswell installed Rector. Trinity Church. *' First Baptist Church constituted. 1818. New- Constitution Legislature first met in New Haven in May. 1819. The American Journal of Science and Arts commenced, by Professor Benjamin Silliman. 1820. Great Fire on Long Wharf, Oct. 28. 1821. The monuments in the Old Cemetery removed ; Rev. Mr. Hill [Baptist] delivered an address. " Tornado (September Gale) ; Methodist Church (erecting) blown down in the evening of Sept, 3. 1822. Farmington Canal Company chartered. 1828. Charles Chauncey, LL. D., died April 28, aged 76. " No death for forty days, in May and June. 1824. Mob in College-street, in consequence of the disinterment of a body ; Medical College threatened ; mob dispersed by the civil authority, Jan. 12. " First Baptist Church dedicated, July 27. " Ground broken for the Farmiagton Canal at the head of Southwick Ponds, July 4. " Mrs. Mansfield's trial for the murder of her husband hold in the Methodist Church, Aug. 19. *' Oen. La Fayette arrived in New Haven, Aug. 21, at 10 o'clock, A. M. ; illumination the evening previous. 1825. Eli Whitney, the inventor of the Cotton Gin, died Jan. 8, " Rev. Leonard Bacon installed, Center Church, March 9. " Eagle Bank stopped payment, Sept. 19. 1826. iEneas Munson, M.D., President of the Medical Society of Connecticut, for more than seventy years practiced his profession, died June 16, aged 92. 1827. J. Lancaster, founder of the Lancasterian system, lectured at the Center Church, June 21. 1828. A large number of Students ordered to leave Yale College for disorderly conduct, [on account of their food,] Aug, 4. ' Funeral of Mr. Ashmun, Col. Soc. Ag't, at the Center Church, Aug. 27. 1829. Dr. Nathan Smith, Professor of Medicine and Surgery, died Jan. 26, aged 66. 179 1829. Red Jacket, the Indian Chief, delivered a speech at the Ton- tine, March 12. 1880. Farmington Canal extended to Westfield, 10 miles from N. H. " Col. Jared Mansfield, LL. D., died Feb. 3, aged 70. " Col. Wm. Lyon, first Cashier of the New Haven Bank, died, Oct. 12, aged 82. 1831. Rev. Claudius Herrick, Principal of a Female Seminary, died May 26, aged 56. " City Meeting repudiating the establishment of an African College in New Haven, Sept. 12. 1832. Cholera in New Haven for the first time, July 28 ; 26 per- sons died. " Amos Doolittle, long known as an Engraver, died, Jan. 31. " Hon. James Hillhouse died, Dec. 29, aged 78. 1833. President Jackson and suite arrived in New Haven, June 15. " Great shower of Shooting Stars, from midnight to morning, November 18. " Rev. E. L. Cleveland ordained. Third Congregational Church. 1835. Nathan Smith, U. S. Senator in Congress, died in Washing- ton, Dec. 6, aged 65. His remains arrived in N. H.,Dec. 19. ' Coldest summer since 1816. Ice in July. " Theological building (Yale College) erected. 1835-6. Severe AYinter. Harbor frozen six weeks. 1837-8. Mild Winter. Steamboats lost but one passage. 1837. Great Fire in Orange and Chapel-street, Aug. 2. " Banks in New Haven (except the City Bank) and elsewhere stopped Specie Payments May 10. 1838. Second Centennial Celebration of Settlement of New Haven celebrated. Address by Prof. Kingsley. " Rev. S. W. S. Dutton ordained. United Society. 1839. Cars commenced running from New Haven to Meriden — to Hartford the next year. " Tornado passed through the N. part of the city^July 30, do- ing considerable damage. 1840. Amistad Captives declared free by Judge Judson, at U. S. Court, Jan. 13. 1841. James A. Hillhouse, eminent as a Poet, died Jan. 5, aged 51. " E. Munson, many years Town Clerk, died Aug. 30, aged 80. 1842. Bunce's Paper Mill in Westville destroyed by fire during a snow storm, Dee. 20. " Severe Frost — leaves of forest trees destroyed, May 23. 1843. Frost and Ice in June. 1846. Theodore D. Woolsey elected President — Yale College Illumi- nated, Oct. 21. " Wooden buildings in Church-st. destroyed by fire, Dec. 16. 1847. New York and New Haven Railroad commenced. 1848. Canal Railroad opened to Plainville, Jan. 18. " Catholic Church, corner York-street and Davenport Avenue, destroyed by fire, June 11. " Cars first passed from New Haven to New York, Dec. 29. / 1848. Dea. N. "Whiting, formerly Pub. of the Religious Intelligencer, died Feb. 19, aged 76. 1849. Capt. Bottom, with a company of emigrants, sailed for Cali- fornia March 12, from the Steamboat Dock. " Nathan Beers, a Lieut, and Paymaster in the Revolutionary army, died Feb. 11, aged 96. 1848 Lewis Fisk died, Nov. 29, aged 41, the first person buried in the Evergreen Cemetery, 1850. Foote and M'Caffrey, the murderers, executed Oct. 2. " Brewster's Hall opened, Aug. 7. " Dr. J. Skinner, formerly Constable, died — age, 85. 1851. David Daa:gett, Chief Jus. Conn., Senator in Congress, died April 12^, aged 86. " Simeon Baldwin, Judge Supreme Court, Member of Congress, died May 26, aged'^90. 1862. Cars passed from New Haven to New London, July. " Kossuth, the Hungarian Governor, delivered an Address in N. H., April 23. " Dr. J^^neas Monson, Surgeon in the Revolutionary Army, formerly Pres. of N. H. Bank, &c., died Aug. 22, aged 89. " Prof. J. L. Kingsley, of Yale College, died Aug. 31, aged 74. 1853. Col. Lemanowski, one of Napoleon's officers, lectured in N. H. 1854. Extreme heat. Thermometer 99 to 100 in the shade, Aug. 22. " First State Fair held in New Haven, Oct. 10, 11, 12, 13. 1855. W. Clark killed R. W. Wight, April 28. He was acquitted on the ground of insanity. 1866. A company of men emigrated to Kansas, addressed by Henry Ward Beecher, at the North Church, March 22. " Young Men's Institute completed. Custom House Building commenced. " Jewish Synagogue opened for worship, April. " Dr. James C Percival, eminent as a poet, geologist and man of science, died at Hazelgreen, 111., May 2, aged 6L ■r^^^ s