SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT r :;::tor. -;\ LIEUT. COL JOLN A.BROSSji T\V!-:::i'V-Ni>s .J^Lc: . :^ TR001\>, .n > F L: IC Lr*M 'IsfiTJ'vvK- r TH^^ .\sr'^L^ o:, ?'• Ijj.T aO, 5^64. 33 i- A T'^ Tl 1 'M ^i[; i;;-;v. A'n.irii s-.VA'.K roi'OC'ti:: ' ' >ac ttlr^i;^,, r..:-, l" V. ,;^. \ MEMORIAL COLONEL JOHN A. BROSS, TWENTY-NINTH U. S. COLORED TROOPS, WHO FELL IN LEADING THE ASSAULT ON PETERSBURGH, JULY 30, 1864. TOaXTHEB WITH A SERMON BY HIS PASTOR, REV. ARTHUR SWAZEY. ^..^'iS^ i B7 A FRIEND. CHICAGO : TRIBUNE BOOK AND JOB OFFICE. 1865. G MEMORIAL. When good men pass away from tlie world, it is often fitting, both for tribute and example, to commemorate their virtues, and to perpetuate the record of their lives. It is espe- ^ cially demanded, when so man}^ men, turning resolutely from the tenderest relations of life, are giving themselves to their country, that such as have become conspicuous, by self-devotion and singleness of aim and effort, and to whom the service has been a literal laying down of life, shall be rescued from that dumb forgetfulness which so soon overtakes the dead. Their history and patriotic devotion should be held in lasting remem- brance. The subject of this brief memorial, is not alone in giving his life to his country ; but his is high on the roll of heroic names, who, in this day of peril, have made a literal sacrifice of father and mother, wife and child, house and lands, yes, and of his own life; that the nation might live, and that posterity might enjoy freedom and safety. Such men must and will have appreciation and honor, as much wider than their owm immediate circle of friends, as their virtues and sacrifices are known. For this do we write a record of his deeds. John Armstkong Bross, son of Deacon Moses Bross, (now of Morris, Illinois,) was born February 21st, 1826, in the little town of Milford, Pike county, Pennsylvania. He was the fifth son in a family of nine sons and three daughters. He received a thorough academical education under the pupilage of his elder brother, William, at Chester Academy, Orange county, MEMORIAL. New York. Entertaining plans for a collegiate course, he had fitted himself for that purpose ; but circumstances prevented the prosecution of his designs. Making choice of the profession of the law, he commenced the study of that science in Goshen, New York. Eemoving to Chicago, in December, 1848, he entered the office of Hon. Grant Goodrich, with whom he remained until the completion of his studies. During the Pierce administration, he served as assist- ant United States Marshal, and held the office of United States Commissioner, until the time of his death. He executed the duties of these Federal offices with concientious fidelity and ability ; acquitting himself in each case, to the entire satisfaction of all concerned in the discharge of the respective trusts. After concluding his duties as Assistant United States Marshal, he devoted himself to his profession, particularly to the admiralty practice, at once entering upon a successful career. June oth, 1856, he was married to Miss Belle A. Mason, daughter of Hon. Nelson Mason, of Sterling, Whitesides county, Illinois. Their eldest child, a daughter, lovely and precocious, in her short life of two and a half years, had become peculiarly dear to the heart of her father. The wife, and remaining child, a son of four years, survive to bear the loss of husband and father. The sweet, unconscious j^rattler, deprived of the coun- sels of a tender parent, inherits a rich legacy in that parent's bright example, and untarnished fame. Eight years of married life brought much of joy to one so happily constituted to render his home cliarminaf, both to himself and those who shared it. His nature was affectionate, his judgment cool and clear, and his temper disciplined and even. Endowed, as he was, with a keen relish for simple social pleasures, he was attached to his home in a remarkable degree. Therefore it was no ordinai-y sacrifice he made, when he left it in obedience to the demands of his country. That this proved his greatest trial, is revealed in almost every letter written during his absence. His decision in respect to MEMOEIAL. entering the army, was no enthusiastic impulse, but the action of his judgment as well; which is shown by the fact that he did not join the first volunteers, deeming his family ties too dear to be severed, while men with less to bind them' to their homes were pflPered in greater numbers than Government would accept. When, however, the progress of events made it neces- sary again to fill up the armies, the enthusiasm of multitudes had cooled, and exertion became necessary to secure recruits, he decided that duty called him to the field. Leaving the position he had attained in his profession, and the home so fondly dear, he devoted himself thenceforth to his country. During the summer of 1862, he raised two companies; one of which entered the 7oth Illinois Volunteers. Of the other he was made Captain, and it became Company A, of the 88th Illi- nois. The feelings with which he entered the service, are alluded to in some of his letters, written from camp, after having become accustomed to his new position. Under date of June 4th, 1863, to his wife, he says : " Tou know I have decided opinions ui:)on the duty that every able bodied young man owes his country ; and often on the march, when I have been tired, wet and liungry, and no dry place to rest my weary limbs, I have been cheered by the thought that in doing, bearing and suffering all this, I was discharging that debt and duty. How glad I shall be when, in accordance with ray own sense of honor, I may return to the dear domestic circle, the Mecca of my affections. ' ' Soon after the battle of Murfreesboro, he writes : "Officers and men are continually dropping out. from various reasons. Many, I doubt not, enter the army thoughtlessly, little dreaming what the actu- alities of war really are, and hardships soon cool their enthusiasm. I fully appreciate the kindness of dear friends who desire to see me safe from harm, but for that cause I have no heart to leave my position. I counted the cost at the beginning; 1 know its dangers, and possible sacrifice; I am one of those who thoroughly believe that blood must be shed to bring this controversy to a close. We are often heart-sick to witness the indiflcrcnce of men and women at home, but it cheers me to feel how thoroughly t/om understand the motives which place me here. I do not know whether all can reconcile my position with the absorb- 6 MEMORIAL. ing love of Lome wliich fills my soul. But it is that very love which urges me forward, — that our boy may enjoy all^ the privileges of our noble, God-given repul)lic. No other object could tempt mo from a home so full of true enjoy- ment. You know I would willingly carry a musket, or be commanded by almost any one, if thereby I could do aught for my country. Yesterday, on being introduced to General Negley — ' Ah,' said he, ' I saw you in the Cedars.^ 'Yes, General, you did;' and the pressure of hands told more forcibly than could words, how our thoughts went back to that battle-field. The regiment has just been made hapjiy by the receipt of packages from home. Though nothing is necessary to the vivid mental impression which will embody you in actual presence' almost, yet there is something in the tangible evidence of love and remembrance from home. Reading the Psalms in course, brought the Thirty-Sixth and Thirty-Seventh for to-day, and I could not help feeling that with such friends, and such precious promises to sustain me, I ought to be content anywhere." After a year's further experience, lie alludes to the same theme ; and gives evidence that his convictions of duty had not only led him into the contest, but had been strong enough to enable him to endure the privations and exposures of the ser- vice. Writing from Virginia, June 5th, 1864, he says : •' The fighting has been desperate since the first of June ; but wc have been uniformly successful. It has been accomplished, however, at terrible cost of human life, and my heart has ached for the poor wounded soldiers. It is ao different to come here and witness the results of a hard- fought battle. I have not felt tlie same entliusiastic tension of the mind, as on the field. Yet I also feel, that in all history, there is no such example as is now shown by our people in their lavish expenditure for the care of the wounded. I am glad I have been here to witness it ; and more than ever, am I proud that I am one of the grand array of the Union. I pray Heaven to grant me life and liealth to sec tlie end of this war, that again I may enjoy the sweet influences of home in peaceful times : but whatever be mj fate, I know I can give to my child this'une tiling^ ' His father fought for the Union and tlie old Hag. ' ' ' In taking command of his company, he had, like all volun- teers, everything to learn. And probably the hardest task he found upon his hands at first, was that stern enforcement of disci])line, which is the first necessity of military service. So different are the requirements of war from the conditions of peace, that no man can pass from the one to the other without MEMORIAL feeling, at first, more or less of a shock to his sensibilities ; and in a place of trust, he must be liable to many mistakes. But Colonel Bross entered upon the service, with the determination to discharge his duties faithfully. And he never, till the last, ceased his endeavors to perfect himself in his profession. By a study of the best models, he made steady progress in the art of command. It was probably to his thorough knowledge, combined with his strength of character, that he owed the perfect control he exercised over officers and men. His regiment, the 88th Illinois, left Chicago, on the 4th of September, 1862, and went at once into active service, in Ken- tucky, first under Buell, and afterwards under Kosecrans. Its first battle was at Perrysville, Kentucky, but a short time after its entrance upon duty. The action is sometimes called that of Chaplin Hills. The regiment was under fire but a short time, yet it lost forty men. His conduct in this engagement, fixed him as a man of true courage ; one upon whom reliance could be placed, in an emergency ; and those who have had experience, know, that the first battle tries the man, and shows upon whom dependence may be placed in further scenes of danger. Not long afterwards, General Buell was relieved of his com- mand, and General Rosecrans appointed in his place. He entered upon his duties with great vigor, and pushed his enemy out of Kentucky into Tennessee. His first considerable engage- ment was that near Murfreesboro, at Stone River, where he met the enemy about the last of December. The main action was preceded by skirmishing of several days duration ; but on the 31st of December, tlie right wing of Rosecrans' army was attacked at daybreak, and before noon, was forced back some four miles, and considerably crippled. The 88th regiment was posted near the left in the right wing, and held its ground firmly through the whole action ; though it retreated under orders, that it might keep its position in the line. In the early part of the fight, it was attacked by an entire brigade, which 8 MEMORIAL. it held in check and repulsed. It thus indicated the quality of its material, and the efficiency it had attained. Captain Bross acted his part in this battle, with perfect coolness, and his conduct was warmly approved by superior officers. The battle termin- ated only upon the second of January. On the first, there was but little fighting ; the day being given to repairing losses, and the burial of the dead. On the second, the battle was upon the left wing, and the 88th regiment was not actively engaged. After this the enemy retreated. Captain Bross was on picket duty that night, and first brought word that the enemy were moving. On the next day the foe was gone. A long campaign of peculiar hardships, was brought to a close by the battle of Chickamauga, which occurred, September 19th and 20th, 1863. Here again, the regiment saw hard fight- ing, and Captain Bross bore himself with conspicuous gallantry ; extricating his company from a dangerous position on the front picket line, and as before, escaped all bodily harm, though death was abroad in all the air. A beautiful instance of how God was " in all his thoughts," as well of his perfect composure in time of danger, is found in several dates of reading, written in his pocket edition of the Psalms, which he always carried with him ; especially in these words upon the margin of the 91st Psalm, " Read at the l^attle of Chickamauga, during the heavy firing on our left, and before the action commenced in our front." Sincerely could he feel, " I will say of the Lord, He is my refuge and my fortress ; ray God ; in Him will I trust." HIS CONNECTION WITH THK 29tii U. S. COLORED TROOPS. When the policy of arming the blacks had been fully entered upon, and proved, by several trials, to be successful, it was resolved by the authorities, to recruit such a regiment in the State of Illinois. The endeavor was beset with many difficulties. Our State laws, })assed by a so-called democratic Legislature, forbade the introduction and residence of that class MEJtORIAL. 9 of population in the State ; and low politicians were ready enougli to put the law in force, were there not also a strong public sentiment against it. The sentiment of humanity was so much stronger than the law, as to allow the blacks a being in the State ; at least in most of the northern parts of it ; yet the prejudice against them was never slow to exhibit itself whenever a favorable^occasion presented. To undertake the recruiting of a colored regiment in Illinois, though favored and ordered by Governor Yates, was a work requiring no small amount of courage, patience, and self-sacrifice. To find officers willing to accept such service, was easier than to find those suitable for the position. Men were not wanted whose object alone was promotion, or increased pay ; nor indeed who were actuated by any merely selfish aim. It required the very best of capacity for command, and the most entire unself- ishness of object. Black soldiers, as a class, have more to learn than white troops. They need a patient, parental discipline, as well as strict military authority : and their efficiency, as soldiers, of necessity, depends more exclusively upon the capacity and humanity of their officers. Looking alone to his earlier antecedents, Colonel Bross would not have been supposed likely to accept such a command. - He was educated in the democratic faith, and held his political principles with the conscientious tenacity which characterized all his views. His mental tendencies were conservative; and he yielded but slowly to doctrines antagonistic to his long established convictions. He had been taught to regard ever}-- thing which savored of what men were accuston^ed to call " aboli- tionism," with distrust; and it was only as the measures which contemplated a change in the status of the black population, underwent the deliberate scrutiny of his judgment, that he yielded to them. To become the commander of such a regi- ment, involved a change in his views and feelings, from those of his earlier years, than which nothing could more forcibly illustrate the change in the times. Yet for this service hu was 10 M E BI O RI A L . selected and detailed, and commenced recruiting in November, 1863. He established bis bead quarters at Quincy, in order to avail bimself of tbe exodus of tbe black population passing from Missouri into Illinois, at that point. Owing to the late day at which the raising of the regiment was undertaken, many of the colored men of Illinois had already left, to join the service in other States. The whole number of such, at that time, w^as known to be about seven hundred. Most of two companies in the celebrated 54:th Mas- sachusetts, had gone from Illinois, long before their own State offered them the privilege of enlistment. Colonel Bross, as Captain of Company A, had gained a repu- tation for courage and energy, which promised rapid promotion in the 88th regiment ; and also naturally pointed him out as the suitable officer for the new command. He entered upon the work of recruiting and drilling his men with all his accustomed industry. From the first, he decided that his treatment of his troops should be such as became them as men ; and the result was, that he soon established himself fully in their confidence and affections. The undertaking in his hands was at once a success, so far as the proficiency of the troops in their ordinary duties v/as concerned. The filling up of the regiment, owing to causes alluded to, was not rapid. Having raised six compa- nies, he was commissioned as Lieut. Colonel, April 7th, 1864. Hewasorderdtojoin the Nintli Army Corps, then moving from Annapolis to the field. He passed through Chicago, with his regiment, on the 27th of Ma}^, 1864. His troops were provided with refresliments at the "Soldiers' Rest," and a number of friends prcs<3nted the Colonel with a fine horse and equipments, as a token of their high appreciation of his steadfast devotion to the cause of Id^erty. The presentation address was made by Colonel K. A. Eastman, and was briefly replied to by the recipi- ent of tiie gift. His response being entirely extempore, was not preserved, but a sentence or two is remembered by those who lieard it. " When 1 lead these men into battle, we shall MEMORIAL. 11 remember Fort Pillo\v, and sliall not ask for quarter. I leave a home and friends as dear as can be found on earth ; but if it is the will of Providence that I do not return, I ask no nobler epitaph, than that I fell for my country, at the head of this black and blue regiment." The adieus were quickly said, and the troops were on their way ; and Colonel Bross passed from the sight of his friends forever. It was the fear, if not the conviction, of many of them at that time, that he would never return. The perils of officers of his rank, in an active campaign, are always great ; but in the service he had undertaken, they were felt to be largely increased. The cruel treatment of colored troops, and their officers, by the rebels, so far as their power went to reach them, was well known ; and the massacre of Fort Pillow had recently occurred, to give intensity to the danger that adhered to this service. Of all this, no one was better aware than Colonel Bross himself But his convictions of the rightfulness of aiTn- ing the blacks, were clear; his faith in their efficiency, as soldiers, was entire ; he had no doubt of his own dut}'-, and he went forward to the sacrifice, without a murmur or regret. His pastor tells us, that in a conversation with him, as lie was about to leave for Virginia, on reminding him that his connec- tion with colored troops would exjoose him to peculiar dangers., a tear came into his eye, w^hile he said, firmly: " Jf need 5e, / atn willmg to be offered.''^ " There is nothing," as he was accustomed to say, "better expresses my idea of a soldier's duty, than Tennyson's descrip- tion of the charge of the Light Brigade, especially the follow- ing stanza : ' Forward the Li<^ht Brigade ! No man was tlierc dismayed, Not though the soldiers knew Some one had blundered — Their' s not to make reply ; Their's not to reason why ; T heir's but to do and die ; Into the valley of death Rode the six hundred.' " 12 MEMORIAL. Tins lie would repeat witli such eraj^hasis as often gave a pang to the hearts of lovmg friends, who remembered the dan- gers to which he would so soon be exposed, and now taken in connection with the manner in which he was sacrificed, seems almost prophetic. It clearly showed the direction of his thouo-hts, and what would be his course in similar circumstances.' The Ninth Army Corps had left Annapolis, before the 29th could arrive, and an order was received, directing them to pro- ceed to Alexandria. General Casey was in command at Wash- ington, and had issued an order for the regiment to report at his head quarters, near Long Bridge. For some reason, the order failed to reach Colonel Bross, and he marched directly past General Casey' s office, through to Alexandria, and en- camped, in ignorance of the General's directions. An order was thereupon sent to him direct, to report immediately at head quarters. He was received with much sternness by General Casey. " Have you seen service before, sir." " I have, sir." " How came you to disobey that,^^ said General Casey, one of his staft' at the same time presenting the order. " Are you accustomed to obey orders?" Said Colonel Bross, with em- phasis, "General Casey, I obey orders with my life; your order never reached me." The mistake was, of course, discovered, and explanations were soon made. His air of resolute determ- ination impressed the old General, and the Colonel was there- upon ]>laced in command of the colored brigade, then at Camp Casey, near Washington. This position he held until after the battle of Spottsylvania, when, with his brigade, he was ordered forward to White House, where he remained till an opportunity offered to go to the front. At this time, the troops were rapidly attaining perfection in drill, and their discipline was every way satisfactory. That his expectations concerning the rapid proficiency such troops might make, were realized, we may learn from his letters. One written when in commimdof the brigade occupying Camp Casey, Va., says: MEMORIAL. 13 " My men are improving rapidly in all their duties. Captain Aiken is all I can desire in his conduct as commanding officer of the regiment. All the other ofBcers seem to devote themselves to drill and discipline of their respective companies, while the men take pride in Inaking all possible progress. It is with real pleasure I mount ' Dick ' for battallion drill. The evolutions are per- formed with animation, and without noise and swearing, which certainly renders it much more agreeable to me." Again, June 8tli, near Old Churcli Tavern, lie writes : "My men keep up remarkably well ; having become thoroughly conversant with the best method of 'getting on,' in taking care of themselves. So far from being injured by bad weather, their spirits seem to rise in proportion to the disagreeable state of the elements. Yesterday, we had a genuine alarm, caused by a dash of rebel cavalry upon our pickets in front. They captured a couple of dozen of our men, and killed one Captain. We were building breast-works at the time, and as soon as the alarm was given, the men ' fell in,' with great spirit. The musRetry firing was quite brisk for a time, and we expected our cavalry to fall back on us, but it all became quiet without even a sight of the rebels. My men behaved admirably, and I was pleased that they showed uo desire to slink or shirk, but came into line on the double quick. Our camp is in a dense growth of yellow pine, though we have an open field front. We had no breast- works as I said, yet the men took position as calmly as if in a fort. I went to the front of the regiment, where I could liave a good look, and quietly walked along the lines to see that all was right. ' Colonel, we don't want you out dar,^ broke through several stockades of ivory. After being in line about an hour, we stacked arms and returned to labor on the breast-works. My men handle the ax and spade in such manner as to gain many compliments on the neatness with which thej' finish their work." General Grant had been figliting his way toward Richmond, and had succeeded in placing himself before Petersburgh, early in June. Thereupon an order was addressed to Colonel Bross, commanding the brigade, to detach one regiment to guard a wagon train to the front. His eagerness to be where work was to be done, led him to select his own, the 29th, and leave the commatid of the l^rigade. He reached the main arm}', and commenced work in the trenches, before Petersburgh, on the 19th of June : where he continued, to the fatal day which ended his life. 14 MEMORIAL. In tlie actual and exhausting labor of the campaign, he felt the necessity of filling up his regiment, so that it might be fully officered, and thus the better support his own endeavors. His wish had been to secure its maximum number from the free blacks, as he could thus obtain a more intelligent class of men than by accepting companies of contrabands from the Govern- ment, although these were proffered, and with his regiment at maximum, a Colonel's commission awaited him. As recruiting among the free blacks went on slowly, he had finally decided to accept the companies tendered by the Government, and being unwilling to sjjare his officers for recruiting, had applied for them. The order granting them, had been issued, and came just after his deatli. Through the six weeks, in which the regiment was in the trenches, the w^eather was hot, and the work, of course, hard ; but there was no complaint, and the service was cheerfully and faithfully rendered. During the month of July, intimations were frequent, that some decisive demonstration on the part of our army was impending ; and toward the end of the month, the information had been circulated, that a mine w^as in preparation, which would secure to us important advantages. The army was therefore prepared for the explosion, but not for the disastrous results that followed. On Saturday morning, July SO, 1864, at forty minutes past four o'clock, the mine beneath the rebel fort was exploded ; and at five o'clock and thirty minutes, a charge was made, and for a while, seemed to promise well. The line, for a short distance on each side of the mine, is said to have been brilliantly carried. The second line was gained and held for a time. The colored division, under General Ferrero, includ- ing seven colored regiments, was then ordered forward. The fort had been seized, and the order to the bhick troops was, to take the interior line beyond. They had been ordered to take the caps from their muskets and rely on the bayonet. It soon became evident the work claimed to have been done by Ledlie's MEMORIAL. 15 division, was not thoroughly accomplished. The enemy's lines had not been sufficiently cleared, and such had been the delay, that the rebels had rallied in full force, and were prepared now to dispute, successfully, any further advance of our troops. But they did advance, in face of a fire in front ; and in addition, received an enfilading fire upon each flank, and also in the rear, from portions of the enemy's first line, which had not been taken. They advanced towards Cemetery Hill, which was the key to the entire rebel position. Cemetery Hill commands Petersburgh itself, and was, therefore, the objective point of the assault ; and without attaining it, the attack, as a v.diole, must fe,il. It would seem, therefore, that such a careful disposition of the forces should have been made, as would render the attempt a c&rtain success. On the contrary, the first assault was so executed, that no subsecjuent bravery could prevent a total failure ; and no failure of the war, of the same dimensions, has been more disastrous. Not that in a strictly military sense, the loss was so great, though it cost us four thousand of our bravest and best men : the military situation was the same after the attempt as before. In addition to the loss of life, the moral effect was intensely calamitous. It spread a gloom over all the land- It was widely felt, as a result, that we were making no progress in the war, and were likely to make none. All the friends of those who died in the undertaking, felt that their lives had been sacrificed to the most stupid and criminal blundering. If a soldier fails in a successful battle, his name is imperishably linked with whatever of lustre it sheds about it. History, poetry, and oratory dwell upon it. But to fall in a fiiilure, is to go down in comparative darkness, and history refuses to linger upon the theme. It is not be settled here, as to whose was the blame of the failure in the assault of that 30th of July. But it is certain it was not that of the men who were there wantonly slaughtered, nor of the officers who fell with them. The criminality lies in a higher stratum, and is a question a court of inquiry alone can 16 MEMORIAL settle. Such a court was ordered, and commenced its labors — perhaps concluded them, but no result has ever transpired ; and if it had, would most likely fail to give much more of certainty to the direction of public censure, than exists at present. We are able to trace, by the aid of several witnesses, the indi- vidual course of Colonel Bross, from the incipiency of the undertaking, to his death. On the evening of the 29th of July — Friday, his regiment was lying in the rifle pits, about four miles to the left of Petersburg. About nine o'clock p. m., the order came to march to the front of the fort to be exploded on the next morning. The order was at once obeyed, and by eleven o'clock, the regiment was in the position designated. It lay all night upon its arms, and at three o'clock in the morn- ing, was roused for breakfast, and at four, formed in column. As this was the first desperate work undertaken by these troops, there was, perhaps, little of sleep on that night, for officers or men. One who saw Colonel Bross, at eleven o'clock, found him walking back and forth before his tent, seeming somewhat anxious and agitated ; but he at once controled himself, and joined cheerfully in conversation, talking over the comi^ig struggle. Three of the officers had not yet received their com- missions. As they could not thus claim the privileges of prisoners of war, they could be excused from going into battle if they chose. But from their love to the Colonel, they refused to avail themselves of the privilege. Singularly, they were the only officers in the regiment who escaped severe wounds, in the assault. On the morning of the 30th, as the troops were drawn up in column, shortly after daylight, the mine was exploded, and the war of artillery began. Colonel Bross was at the head of his regiment, and Lieutenant Chapman states, that he saw and conversed a moment with him, and that he was perfectly calm. As the regiment was ordered to advance, it crossed our own rifle pits, and then the fort that was blown up. Here it was said that some three hundred of the enemy were buried alive. MEMORIAL. 1*7 The place was covered also with our own men, so that their bodies had to be passed over to get to the field beyond, over which the black brigade he led, was to charge on the second line. Here the men were cut down with canister, right and left. His officers saw their Colonel seize the colors, (five color bearers having previously fallen,) and rushing forward, heard him say, "Forward, my brave boys." It is the testimony of Captain McCormick, that the regiment advanced in the beginning, through a narrow strip of timber, on reaching which, they received the first fire of the enemy. Our first line of earthworks M^as just beyond, and then an open plain, across which the troops charged to the demolished fort Here they received a severe cross and enfilading fire, in which Captain Flint was killed. The troops reached the ditch in front of the rebel lines, and distant about a hundred yards, where they were concealed a short time, and then charged across the space. Upon nearing this second line of works, they were met by an overwhelming force of the enemy, against which it was impossible for them to make headway. Colonel Bross had advanced to the parajDct, and planted his colors upon it. But seeing how matters stood, gave the order to retreat, and just then he was struck by a minie bullet, in the left side of the head, and fell dead, uttering, as one says, in falling, the words, " 0, Lord." The regiment lost one hundred and fifty, in killed, one hundred wounded, and from seventy to eightj^ prisoners. It went into the battle with four hundred and fifty men, of whom but one hundred and twenty-eight came out. Of the officers. Colonel Bross, and Captain Flint, were killed, and but one of the Captains escaped unhurt. JMajor Brown was wounded. Adjutant Downing was severely wounded and taken prisoner; Captain Aiken, mortally wounded. Captain Porter, slightly, Ca})tains Daggett and Brockway, severely. There is a touching account of the manner in which the Colonel became possessed of the colors, given in the simple language of one of the Sergeants. " They were in the hands of Corporal Maxwell, 2 18 MEMOEIAL. wlio was wounded early in the advance. Corporal Stevens took them, but was cut down from the top of the works. Corpo- ral Bailey seized them, and was instantly killed. Private Barret then seized them, and bore them to the top of the fort, but fell dead. Captain Brockway then took them, but was severely wounded, and let the flag fall. It was then taken by Colonel Bross, who planted it upon the parapet of the works, the furthest point reached by our troops. The Colonel then drew his sword, took his hat in his hand, and cried, ' Rally^ my brave hoys, rally F- The men pressed up to him, but he quickly fell." From the various accounts given, it is evident that the colored troops were required to do a work which it was impossible for any troops to accomplish ; and that they did all that was possi- ble, under the circumstances. Tlie unanimous statement of those who saw the whole action, is, that there was a delay to charge upon the fort, after the mine was exploded ; and that thus time was given for the rebel forces to recover from their first panic, and to man the surrounding works so as to be ready for the charge when it came. It is in testimony, also, that the first advance, made by General Ledlie's division of the Tenth Corps, instead of rushing forward at once, to gain the possession of Cemetery Hill, halted as soon as it came to the crater formed by the explosion. This delayed the supporting brigades, which when ordered up were thrown into confusion ; and the gorge was soon packed with men, who became the prey of the enemy's batteries. The colored troops, under General Ferrero, were thus not ordered to the charge till nine o'clock, more than four hours after the explosion, when there was plainly no hope of siaving the day. Yet without the least flinching, they rushed to the charge, and only retreated when ordered, and after most of their of&cers had fallen. Those Avho saw them go into the light, have never charged them with any cowardice. It is their belief that Cemetery Hill would have been easily taken, had the previous chajge been made in time, and with the anticipated MEMORIAL. 19 success. For prisoners from the rebel regiments declared, they had been marched four miles that morning, and were there in time to take part in the thick of the fight ; that at first, only a single row of men, five feet apart, stood to defend our attack. It is affirmed, without contradiction, that among those who penetrated furthest, Colonel Bross was the very foremost man ; and his dead body wasfoimd the most advanced of any ivho were left on the field. The following letter from the officer commanding the division, does not require explanation, or admit of qualification : " Head- Quarters, Fourth Division, Ninth Army Corps, ) Camp near Petersburgh^ Virginia^ August 7, 1864. ) Hon. Wm. Beoss, Chicago : Dear Sir: Although not the first to communicate to you the sad intelligence of the death of your brother, Lieutenant Colonel John A. Bross, 29th U. S. colored troops, I can still offer you my sympathy in your affliction, and pay tribute to his memory. He was a thorough gentleman, a good soldier, and a brave officer. His loss is deeply felt in his regiment, and throughout this entire com- mand. He was one of those of whom the service 'can aflford to lose but few.' His brigade commander, in his report of the action, speaks as follows : ' I desire to pay a tribute to Lieutenant Colonel Bross, 29th United States colored troops, who led the charge of this brigade. He was the first miin to le.ap over the works, and bearing his colors in his own hands, he fell never to rise again.' Altliough he has left us, his example is still with us, to incite each and every one to do all, and to dare all, for the benefit of his country, and the suppression of this unholy rebellion. I am, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, EDWARD FERRERO, Brigadier General Commanding.'" Falling where he did, and his men retreating, his body remained where he fell, and <3ould not be recovered. In the afternoon, the enemy established their pickets bey&nd where he lay, and buried him on the field. The ground at this time, is still within the enemy's lines ; and whether his body will be recovered by his friends, is uncertain. But his is a soldier's grave; and no fitter spot could be selected than that where he 20 MEMOEI AL. fell, in the service of his country, and in obedience to tlie will of his God. Of his connection with the army of the Potomac, thus writes a friend : " Though he had been here but a few weeks, he seems to have won the confidence and the esteem of the entire corps with which he was connected. All the ofl&cers speak of him in the highest possible terms. His regiment adored him. His conduct on the field was magnificent. As General White expressed it, ' all that can be acquired by dying the death of a Christian patriot, he brilliantly won.' His praise is in all the army. His record and his reward are on high. A Christian soldier could not wish a more noble death." Thus ended the life of one who, as was expressed by his Major, " was everything that was good and brave." It is a consolation to his sorrowing friends, to know that he lingered not in suffering, nor was exposed to the cruelties of barbarous enemies, but " flashing his soul out with the guns," he was, one might almost say, translated to the world above ; simply crying as he fell, " Oh ! Lord," a prayer begun on earth, but finished above. In those last moments it must have been with proud satisfaction that he saw the bravery of his oflicers and men, and knew that not one faltered in his duty. Captain Flint died, while pressing forward, and the senior Captain, Hector H. Aiken, a superior and promising young officer, fell mortally wounded, and died, after enduring, with fortitude, untold suffering in reaching our lines. It remains to speak of Colonel Bross more particularly in some points of his life and character, as yet unnoticed, and especially as a Christian gentleman. His first special interest was awakened in his youth. He states, that when but eiglit or ten years of age, in accompanying his father to a prayer meeting, while passing through a piece of woods, his father knelt, and prayed with an earnestness which made an impression upon his mind that was never effaced. MEMORIAL. 21 Afterwards, and while at the academy of his brother, in studying Wayland's Elements of Moral Science, the truth as there laid down, as to man's moral obligations, fixed itself in his mind, and his sensibilities were much moved. Nor did the impression vanish. He deliberately made up his mind on the whole subject, and chose the fear of God ; and though not at once making his determination known, he never afterwards wavered in his religious life. He united with the Presbyterian Church at Chester, Orange county, New York, in the year 1847. Upon coming to Chicago, he connected himself, first with the Second Presbyterian, and afterwards cast in his lot with the Third Presbyterian Church, with which he continued his membership until the time of his death. He was an exemplary and active member ; being an attendant upon the church prayer meetings, and aiding in the Sabbath School. For many years he took charge of the choir, and led the service of song. He was, also for a time, the Superintendent of its Sabbath School, and until entering the army, took charge of the children's music. A strong proof of the affectionate estimation in which he was held by the children, was given, on his first departure, when they presented him a beautiful sword and equipments. Nor did he restrict his labors to his official duties. At the same time that he had charge of the choir, and the care of the Sabbath School in the church, he was also a teacher in a remote Mission School, taking out a bevy of teachers upon Sabbath afternoons, during the entire summer of 1856, and thus main- taining a point of instruction in the region of what is now called the Williams Street School, connected with his church. His religious character was one which entirely corresponded with his intellectual. There was nothing artificial about it. His mind was one that was singularly harmonious. Its charac- teristic was its fidelity to principles and friends. His aim was to seem to be what he was. While enforcing truth by example, he never made a display of religion, nor rendered it obtrusive. But his convictions were clear, and his will indomitable. All 22 MEMORIAL. his conduct was entirely in accordance with the principles he held ; and made its own appropriate impression. His genial character made him a favorite with both officers and men: all feeling, that in hun thej had a sympathizing friend. One of them, returning after his death, stated, that, " on the Friday before he fell, he consulted with him upon home matters, which he would never have thought of mentioning to an ordinary superior officer." "I never knew," he remarked, "that the Colonel was a professor of religion, but any one ob- serving his daily conduct, and calm, cheerful manner in the greatest danger, must feel that he was a Christian." He felt his responsibility in the care of colored troops, and had thought and planned for their moral and religious well- being. He had thus commended himself to their confidence and 9,ffection, and was not only obeyed and respected, but loved by them. One who came back with the Colonel's horse, remarked, " some said the Colonel was a religious man. He did n't know anything about that; but he was the best man he ever knew. He would not let any one about him say bad words, and he was so good to his men, that they would all be shot down before they would let him be taken prisoner." In a letter, dated at Camp Casey, Virginia, May 18, 1864, there occurs this passage : " I hope you will not think I wish to make a parade of my religious profes- sion, when I tell you I commenced my ' mess ' in saying grace ; and I shall continue to do so. I did not do this in the 88th. The 5th Massachusetts cavalry, (colored,) were here some days last week. The first afternoon they came, I entertained the officers at supper. They were hungry, and pretty well exhausted. As they took their seats, one young officer, in a half-serious and half-comic mood, asked me, 'if I would say grace.' I was standing at the head of the table at the time, having been engaged in seating them. I replied gravely, tliat it was always my habit at home, and should be pleased to do so here; and said it. There was a hushed set of officers for the time being, and very respectful conduct through that meal, though the conversation on military matters took a lively turn at the last. MEMORIAL. 23 ' ' More and more, since I have been here, do I feel the weight of responsibility. The pleasure arising from the consciousness of emding what is just and right towards men and God, has been great. I have felt the force of example, and shall ivj to continue it. If I have neglected religious duty heretofore, I will try hereafter, and not have the terrible words— ' Ye knew your duty, but ye did it not, ' addrassed to me. ' ' His remark concerning his table habits while connected with the 88th regiment, must not be construed to import a want of religious activity at that time, as all who were there associated with him state that he was always to be relied on in any Chris- tian undertaking. A young man, a member of his company at that time, writes to his mother : " The example and advice of our Captain have led me to form new resolutions; and now, by help from on high, I intend to lead a new life." A more amusing instance of the force of example, was given in the conduct of his colored servant, who, at the first firing at Stone River, " made super- human leaps to the rear." When remonstrated with, he pro- tested he could not help it, though he declared, that in the future he would tiever retreat. After the campaign and battle of Chickamauga, wherein Bill had shown the strength of his resolution, the camp was exposed to shelling from Lookout Mountain, and many attempted to seek shelter from the ene- my's bullets ; Bill was coolly pref3aring dinner, and a colored man not far off was engaged in the same operation, when a shell burst uncomfortably near. With one huge bound, the latter threw himself into a ditch at the bottom of a ravine near by, when Bill cried out with scorn, '' What you doin down dar ? Why do n't you sit straight^ like me and de Captain?" Evi- dently thinking his own courage now quite superior to anything about him. Of his professional character, and the high esteem in which the lawyers of Chicago held him, the resolutions of the Bar will eloquently speak. In person, Colonel Bross was about six feet in height, slender and compactly built. His features were 24 MEMORIAL. regular and finelj'- moulded, and his countenance indicative of strongly marked character, and refined sensibilities. As an ofiicer, his appearance was finer than that of a majority of those in command. A fine figure, a pleasant, commanding counten- ance, and strong musical voice, could not fail to aid him in his military duties. Rarely do we find, combined in one individual, so many of those natural gifts, which rendered him a most genial and pleasant companion. His generous nature, delicate regard for the feelings of others, and unostentatious manners, caused him not only to be a favorite in a large family circle, but endeared him to all. He entered into the enjoyment of those about him with a sympathy which caused even children to delight in his society. The strength of his social and domestic attachments was very marked. His friendships were sincere and true ; his grasp of the hand, warm and cordial. He trusted others, and could himself be trusted. , Possessing a fine appreciation of the grand and the beautiful, his enthusiasm was always aroused by heroic action, or the sublimities of nature. The latter afforded him peculiar pleasure during his connection with the army of the Cumberland ; the varied mountain scenery of Tennessee reminding him of places familiar in early life. Fatigue or weariness seldom prevented vivid transcriptions of their.beauties, for the benefit of " loved ones at home." Amid engagements of other kinds, ho found time for culture in music and literature, having a passionate fondness for both. An indefatigable reader, with an uncommon memory, his knowledge was extensive, and his acquaintance with the poets, British and American, more than usually intimate. He was gifted with fine musical taste, and possessed a sweet voice, well cultivated. With the best productions of the masters of song, in this and former ages, he was familiar. For a favorite tune he sometimes arranged a few verses, as in the following song addressed to his wife, during a short absence : MEMOEIAL. 25 TCNB — " Will you no come back again." " Bonnie wifie's now awa, Safely o'er the prairie lea; My heart I 'm sure would burst in twa Should she ne'er come back to me. She will soon come back to me, — (repeat) Better lo' ed she canna be, She will soon come back to me. Scotia's and New England's flower,* Cultured on the prairie wide: Sweet and blissfu' was the hour When that flower became my bride. She will, etc. Love doth sparkle in her e' es. Beauty crowns my wifie's brows, Grace in every movement shines, Goodness from her heart o'erflows. She will, etc. Light of all my weary hours, Smiling all my cares away. Blessings through her magic power Beam along life's troubled way. She will, etc. The following productions, tliough impromptu, and of course only intended for the eye of most intimate friends, are inserted, because they show both the strength of his domestic attach- ments, and the fervor with which he loved the cause in which he was. engaged. This first, as he says, was " written 'hastily, while on picket," May 8th, 1863. ♦ The fatlier of Colonel Bross' wife was from Scotland, and her mother, a native of Vermont. 26 MEMORIAL. LINES WRITTEN MAY 8th, 1863. SALEM. ON PICKET. This day Mason attains the age of Cora when she died — two years, seven months, fotir There is a boon to mortals given, The choicest gift, bestowed by Heaven, It blesseth, bringeth Heaven near, 'T is home, a wife, and children dear. All these, ! Lord, thou knowest are mine, And for them all, Oh, Lord divine. While mortals, yea, immortals live, A liusband's, father's thanks I give. My cliildren, twins in age on earth, Thy father cannot speak thy worth To him — nor all liis heart- felt joy, My daughter sweet, my darling boy. My Cora, dear, thy precious form Stands out before me mild and warm Witli life, and suun}^ smiling face, And stamped with all thy mother's grace. I see thee ope the household gate. While mama at the door doth wait. And, tripping 'long the walk, I see Thee come, and stretch thy hands to me. To " kiss pa," quick with childish glee, Delighting with infantile charms. While close you nestle in my arms. Ah! who shall tell the father's pride, As with thee to the door I glide. Receiving there a double share Of joys that banish every care. Oil! never, never can it be. That from the grasp of memory Those household joys can e'er depart; They' re anchored safe within my heart. There came a time (for angels roam Around each dear domestic home,) When angels to their home above Allured our sweet and precious dove By fiat of the Infinite Love. MEMORIAL. 2*7 Oh, Godl our hearts were crushed and bruised, When that dear silver cord Thou loosed, And yet from out our deepest grief. Thou gently ministered relief. And now. Thou great Eternal One. We pray as then — "Thy will be done," — While up from deepest grief we grope, There comes angelic, star-eyed Hope To soothe away our sharpest pain. And faith that we shall meet again. And oh, there is a thought to bless, A.nd raise from woe to happiness : While that sweet form no longer here, Shall e' er again her parents cheer. She 's safe from earthly tempests driven O'er mortals here — she 's safe in Heaven. And as the glorious orlj of day . Sinks now behind the hills away, , All nature calm and still and sweet, The day and night in greeting meet, Shall soon again in splendor rise, • Beam gladsome light in Eastern skies. So shall our eyes with Heavenly vision See that sweet form in fields elysian, Arrayed in light — forevermore She '11 greet us on the Heavenly shore.* And now I turn from that sweet gem That sparkles in Christ's diadem. And Mason in my heart I clasp, With strong, convulsive, throbbing grasp. A prayer I lisp — Oh God, most great. Do spare his life — to man's estate May he grow up — in virtue be A model; and from vice e'er free. My boy, a year has nearly gone. And spring her gorgeous robes hath donned, Since on thy lips I 've kisses pressed. Or locked thee in a fond caress. Since when you first hsped, "papa" — "car," He 's learned the dreadful trade of war. And from the "picket" where his sword Is ready for the rebel horde. 28 MEMOEIAL. He sends you words you may not know Until in years you older grow. But mama, in her love for me, Will gladly tell them o'er to thee — Oh, then my boy, I charge you by All things on earth and Heaven high, By all privations, hunger, toil. Papa endures on rebel soil, By his heart-sickness — self denial. His leaving home — his greatest trial. By every hope that has its birth Of happiness in Heaven or earth. Thy country love — stand by her cause. Her Constitution and her laws ; And if thy father in this strife With rebels yieldeth up Ms life, A sacrifice upon the altar Of freedom — Union — do not falter. In boyhood, youth, at man's estate, In cherishing a manly hate Of all the giant sin and wrong. Against which now a mighty throng Of freemen gathered in their might. Are fighting; and for God and right. I pray that peace with gentle ray May soon throughout the land bear sway, And union, law, and liberty Pe ours — a blood-bought legacy. But yet if this inhuman strife Shall last until thy young heart's life Shall grow to manhood — ever be Among the brave hearts true and free, Who give their lives for liberty — So shall the debt thou owest to man Be paid ; with those who ' re in the van Of progress, with their flag unfurled, And giving freedom to the world. M E M O E I A L . 29 The following was written in his tent, on the anniversary of his little daughter's death, having also just been made acquainted with the fact that he was to lead the charge^ in which he so soon lost his life : IN MEMORIAM. Once more amid the circling j'ears, The day comes back suggesting tears Of sorrow for the loved and lost! Of brightest hopes of being, crossed By one fell stroke; and in the dust Those hopes in death's cold ruin crushed. 'T is well that memory fondlj' clings Around her as she xuas ; while springs My fancy down the track of time, And dwells in that ideal clime, On what she might have been ; a youth, A maiden, full of love and truth; A woman grown to please, to bless. And graced with beauty, loveliness; All these ray fancy pictures now, While in the West the sun doth bow, And sink behind Virginia pines, Illuming "rebel," "Union," lines. So sank it o'er the prairie lea. When that dear soul immortal, free From earthly ill, to angels given, Became a cherub safe in Heaven. And since her father, in the strife To save the nation's rights and life. Has ta'en the sword, another thought At times, within his mind has wrought. K angels watch and guide the path Of mortals in this life, and have In battle or temptation's hour. Death's darts to turn aside, the power, Oh then amid the cannon's rattle. And on the ' ' perilous edge of battle, ' ' Is not sJie there to watch, and ward Off danger, and her father guard ? 30 MEMORIAL. And if in that all wise design, That takes an insect's life, or mine, Should rebel, hurling rebel dart Transfix this poor and sinful heart. Shall not tliis cruel, dreadful blow Removing me from earth below. From heaven on earth, all earthly joy, ' My angel wife, my darling boy. But introduce me to the being Through a glass darkly now we're seeing 1 Forgive, Oh Lord, our vain regret And tears o'er Cora's loss; and yet We 're mortals; yet we 'd love to live — Enjoy all bliss this world can give — Live, to enjoy sweet peace again,' 0' er all this land once more to reign — Live, to enjoy a green old age. Wife, children, Heaven's heritage. Camp in the fields Norfolk R. E., near Pdershurgh^ Va.^ July 6, 1864. Anniversary of Cora' s death. In his death, his family have lost more than any one can dare undertake to estimate. Society has lost a valuable member ; the army, an accomplished and rising officer. But his country has gained a hero, and will keep his name forever. There will be a place for him in history ; and though the enterprise in which he fell did not succeed, it was by no fault or short coming of his. Had all done their duty, as did Colonel Bross and his gal- lant officers and men, the undertaking had been a success as brilliant as any which the annals of war record. All the consolation, therefore, which can remain from the pure memories of one " gone to the dear and deathless land," is left to the wife who weeps his departure, and is in store for his boy, who will learn his own loss only as years add to his powers of comprehension. The best of husbands and of fathers ; honored and loved in society; useful and successful in his profession ; trusted and confided in by the Church of God ; an MEMORIAL. 31 unselfish, earnest, devoted, heroic soldier ; a firm, yet kind and manly officer ; respected and beloved in all his relations, while in life, and dying in the very front of the battle, as brave men love to die — what more could be asked ? While the land has such men and such memories, it has everything to hope and nothing to fear. ' ' His was a death whose rapture high, Transcended all that life could yield; ' His highest glory thus to die, On the red battlefield ; And they may feel who love him most, A pride so holy and so pure, — Fate hath no power o' er those who boast A treasure thus secure. ' ' When there is even a shadow of uncertainty connected with the fate of a loved one, hope must still linger, suggesting the possibility of mistake, in the inevitable confusion necessarily following a battle. This agonizing suspense hung over the death of Colonel Bross; and not* till the last of October, 1864, did conclusive evidence come in regard to his fate. Lieutenant Ridenour, of the 28th United States colored troops, a personal friend of the Colonel, who was severely wounded, and taken prisoner, was the first to communicate the sadly certain tidings. Lieutenant Ridenour was paroled October 7th, and being still too disabled to write, a brother penned for him, a letter, from which an extract is made, giving all that is now known of the Colonel's resting place : ' ' My brother was wounded in five places, and as he lay on the field the Colo- nel fell quite near him. He was shot in the left side of the head, and died instantly without a groan. My brother took from his pockets, his purse, diary, book containing letters, etc., hoping to save them for his friends, and supposing the ground would be held by our own troops. The result you know. He found himself in the hands of thieves as well as traitors, who deprived him of everything, even shoes, etc. As the men bore the Colonel off the field, my brother gave them his name, rank, and place of residence, entreating them to mark his grave; telling them his friends would spare neither pains nor money to secure his body. Brave and heroic, he died in a holy cause, manfully doing his 32 M E M E I A L . duty, and his unselfish spirit went up from that gory battle-field, as we doubt not, to a haven of eternal bliss." Laid to rest by rebel bands, tbe numerons tributes to bis wortb sbow tbat in many hearts be will ever bave a place. Writes one wbo only knew bim in camp : ' ' Though a stranger, I ask permission to assure you of sympathy in this great bereavement. His sad fate has been much upon my mind. The loss of such a one to wife and child, and that family of brothers, of whom he told me, is unspeakable, but the gain to himself I know is far greater. In all his com- mand and intercourse. Colonel Bross was decided in his influence, and held the respect of all who knew him, as a Christian gentleman. He did not lose sight of the spiritual welfare of his men, while fitting them for their military duties, ftut aimed to make them soldiers of the cross as well as soldiers of the Union. Oh that more were like him." A letter from one of tbe members of bis company in tbe 88tb, to a friend, exhibits tbe feeling witb wbicb be was still regarded by tbem : " The men felt as though they had lost their best friend when they lieard of the deatli of Colonel Bross. It seems as though the bravest and best are taken. It is a loss too, to our distracted country, when in her great peril she is not in condition to sacrifice many such men as was he." Tbe following letter from a private, sbows tbe devotion to bim wbicb was felt in tbe ranks : ' ' Camp near Petersburgh. "Mrs. Colonel Bross: Respected Madam: You will please excuse this letter, that I pen to you, but as I am one of the soldiers brought up under his discipline, I deem it my duty to address you. Allow me to say, that although a colored man, a private in the 29th, I found in Colonel Bross a friend, one in whom every member of the regiment placed the utmost confidence, for, and with whom, each one would help defend the countrj' to the end. Yes, I can say with truth, they would willingly die by his side. I was with him from the time the regiment left Quincy, until he reached the land of liberty or death. He loved his country, and fought for it, and may the Almighty never suffer his name to be blotted out of liistory. The 29th, with its leader gone, feels there is no such commander under the sun, to lead it forward and cheer it up. He was loved by every one, because he was a friend to every one. God has received him unto himself, and MEMORIAL. 33 may he give peace to the hearts of us who loved him. Weep not for him who was one of God's chosen ones, who tried to deliver his people out of Egypt. But his appointed time had come to be changed, and God works all things for the best. Fearing I might tire your patience with my poor letter, I will close. Respectfully, WILLIS A. BOGART." A few extracts are appended from letters written by the offi- cers of his regiment, all breathing the love and confidence with which he ever inspired his associates. Such testimonials are numerous, but a few will suffice : " Head-Quartbrs 29th U. S. Colored Troops. ' ' Mrs. Bross : My Dear Friend, : 1 can assure you we all participate in your heavy affliction. The Colonel was endeared to us all. His virtues, his noble, open, and frank heart, attracted all, and compelled admiration. Always sincere in his motives, his greatest care was to act honestly and justly. He was not only brave on the field, but possessed that moral courage which sustained him in the camp. Throughout the whole Division he was known and loved, and the universal expression is, " had he only lived." Cheerful and pleasant under the most trying circumstances, he was ever ready for duty without a murmur. *********** How he enjoyed singing. At times when everything seemed dull and stupid, his clear voice would lead some well-known tune, in which he would have us a,ll join. Soon stupidity would be changed to pleasure; and all gradually par- taking of his spirit, would be merry and happy. I will not strive to offer comfort ; religion only can soften such calamities. * * * Whenever I recall the scenes of that dreadful day, feelings of sorrow and regret inevitably arise. Before day we were up and ready. Every one felt the danger awaiting him, and there was unusual silence. All seemed occupied with their own thoughts. The Colonel came up to me, and we had a few moments of cheerful conversation. Soon the artillery opened — the musketry was dis- tinctly heard — the conflict had commeuced. In perfect silence we moved for- ward. My last interview with the Colonel was while wc were halted in the covered way. Captain Aiken and Lieutenant Gale were also there. Few words were exchanged, our thoughts, as usual at su6h times, straying home- wards. We little knew then that by incapacity and wanton neglect, thousands of lives were to be sacrificed. Again we were moving forward. The outer line of works was passed, and we were hastening up tlie hill to the fort. Here, friend and foe, living and dying, were heaped together, causing us to halt in the midst of a destructive fire of both musketry and artillery. I well remember 3 34 MEMORIAL. how he looked, standing in the midst, his countenance hghted up with steadfast hope and an almost superhuman courage, he cried out, " Forward, 29th," and we moved on over the mass. The men were falling thick and fast, and soon my turn came. Lying on the field, I felt the auspicious moment had passed. His form was ever a prominent mark. Turning to Captain Brockway, he said, "bring forward the colors." Then seizing them in his own hand he cried, " Follow me, my men." But it was in vain; the enemy were concentrated. It was madness for us to charge where three Divisions had already failed. As we were ordered back, the Colonel was seen endeavoring to rescue the colors. Standing upon the parapet he said, ' ' The man who saves those colors shall be promoted. ' ' The fatal ball came, and he fell, but the legacy of his bright example and the memory of his noble deeds remain. The intense sorrow and grief of that night I will not attempt to portray. With deepest sympathy, FRED. A. CHAPMAN, lAevienmi 29