HI mm 1 Ti «MB BBfll di RHH UM B0UMO H&l Class — _ Book U > "- •* ■ Gopyrightl^? CflPXRIGHT DEPOSIT. ••> WEBSTER'S NEW STANDARD AMERICAN DICTIONARY ENCYCLOPEDIC EDITION w AEROPIMESAlRSmPS^BALLOONS COPYRIGHT I9J I BY W^ H.LEE UNITED STATES ARMY INSIGNIA REGULAR AND VOLUNTEER SERVICE MILITARY ACADEMY SADDLE CLOTH INSIGNIA FOR AUOFFICERSOFTHEU.S.AFMY FOR ALL OFFICERS OF THE US. VOLUNTEERS tWOINEERS COA1T / MAJOB GENERAL LIEUTENANT GENERAL COLLAR INSIGNIA MAJOR GENERAL BRIGADIER GENERAL COLONEL. LIEUTENANT COLONEL MAJOR CAPTAIN FIRST LIEUTENANT INSIGNIA FOR AIDES TO STAFF OR GENERAL OFFICERS SLEEVE INSIGNIA OF RANK FOR COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE U.S. ARMY Willi COLONEL OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL MAJOR CAPTAIN ENGINEERS OFORDNANCE PAYMASTER QUARTERMASTER Copyright, 1911, by Wm. H. Lee The numbers in the crossed sabres of the cavalry and crossed rifles of the infantry vary to correspond with the number of the regiment. The collar insignia of the lieutenant-colonel is a silver oak leaf; that of the major, a gold oak leaf. M PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN ORUM MAJOR COLOR SERGEANT STABLE SERGEANT CORPORAL LANCE CORPORAL MASTER GUNNER MASTER ELECTRICIAN ENGINEER INSIGNIA OF PETTY OFFICERS RANKING AS PRIVATES IN THE U.S. ARMY & © • © # © • @ SABOLER ARTIflCEB ,. Copyright, 1911, by Wm. II. Lee General officers' shoulder straps, dark blue ground; other officers, white, yellow, red, etc., accord- ing to the color of the facing of the arm branch, or department Chevron bars and insignia of non-commissioned officers follow the same rule. The lieutenant-colonel's oak leaf is of silver; the major's of gold. r SEALS mm. STATU!© TERRITORIAL OF THE UNITED STATESOF AMERICA. . . CDWR« ECUADOR FRANCE CM I NA :: CMlNA.MERChANT iitfJMK::: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC •F-CCWT Q --. G£R M ANY , . NAT.f L AG <3 ER MANY. ENSIGN GREAT BRITAIN, MERCHANT GREAT BRJTA IN. NAVY N.N.RESERVE GREAT BRfTAIN.UNlON FLAG GRCAT BRJTAIN R STANOAftP GREAT BRFTAJN CANADA flA6 GREECE GUATEMALA HAITI ITALY 3J«£ ^>iCC :TTAty/l««AL5TANDAR0: r~~~~~ „•;••• ,^ JAPAN JAPAN r-'ERCHArtT. i Rati onal FlagC a ^©f the w-' MONTENEGRO t10^^ : :; M05QU1T0 INDIANS NETflERLANB NICARAGUA • NORWAY ORANGE FREE STATES PANAHA M PARAQUAT PERU KtWSA. MERCHANT RUSSIA, IMPSTANDARP SALVADOR ®m®m SPAIN. R .STANDARD SWEDEN SWITZERLAND mm TONGA TVNidniL iNAVWto TUHJSBEYS STAND TURKEY 3iLlj U,S. OF. BRAZIL • •, „U.S. OF COLOMBIA' • URUGUAY. " • VENEZUELA ZANZIBAR ....,■ . ■ • ■■.;;.■.;■:■;■■■,.,.■ ""- ■■,.. f — ' . . - -,- ' ] FLAGS 6" PENNANTS INTERNATIONAL CODE ALPHABET' a nrrc id ► N II LP 1 ■^ ft I.N [K JL i j[ f Fl 1 i jl Ml s W X "CODE FLAG" AND ANSWERING PENNAN' z LAIRD & LEE'S Webster's New Standard American Dictionary OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Compiled and Edited by E. T. ROE, LL.B. With the Assistance of Prominent Specialists All Vocabulary Words in Strictly Alphabetical Order, Spelled Out in Full, Phonetically Re-Spelled and Fully Defined. Degrees of Adjectives, Past Tense and Participles of Verbs Given in All Cases — with Etymologies, Synonyms and Antonyms. Important Words that Have Recently Come into Use Covering the Late Discoveries in the Arts and Sciences. ENCYCLOPEDIC FEATUItES- Portraits of the Different Nationalities. Geographical and Mythological Names Included in the General Vocabulary. An Appendix of English Verbal Distinctions and Current Abbreviations and Contractions. 1,700 Text Illustrations — 1,269 Pages — Nine Plates in Colors and Fourteen in Black and White N. B.— Laird & Lee's series of school dictionaries are in no way related to, or based on, the so-called International Dictionary or its abridged editions. LAIRD & LEE, Publishers CHICAGO COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY WILLIAM H LEE COPYRIGHT, 1912 BY WILLIAH H. LEE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Entered at Stationer's Hall, London, England. WARNING Webster's New Standard American Dictionary, Encyclopedic School edition, is fully protected by patent and twenty-five copyrights. All persons an.. warned against infringing upon our rights. gC!.A31.2566 EXPLANATORY Webster's New Standard American Dictionary is designed not merely as a ready- reference, spelling, pronouncing and defining lexicon, but also as a work that will enable a student of the language to compare and discriminate words of different derivation and trace them to their original sources. One reason why the English Dictionary has never found a place in the schools as a text book is because lexicographers heretofore have failed to produce a work in which the words are deduced from their originals in a manner intelligible to the average student. Another reason is that the dictionary has been burdened with an accumulation of obsolete, archaic and rarely used words, serving no other purpose than to perplex or mislead. Webster's New Standard American Dictionary carefully avoids these two drawbacks, the etymologies of all words derived from foreign sources being transliterated from foreign to English letters, and the usual aggregation of obsolete words omitted. The Vocabulary contains not only all words in general use, but also such technical terms as recently have become commonly current by reason of progress made in aviation, motoring, geographic exploration, liberal and mechanic arts, social industries and scientific discoveries, together with the principal proper names in geography and mythology. Foreign Terms frequently used by English authors and in conversation are also included. General Arrangement: The various styles of type used afford an easy means of distin- guishing the different divisions and subdivisions of words. Verbs are divided into transitive and intransitive, and a parallel system is followed in the division of adjectives, adverbs and nouns. All Words, including derivatives, are placed in strictly alphabetical order, spelled out in full, phonetically respelled (in parentheses), and fully defined, thus requiring no reference to some other word in the dictionary to determine the correct spelling, pronunciation or meaning. Capital Initials: Only proper names and proper terms derived from them are printed with a large capital initial, which will enable anyone to determine at a glance when a word should invariably begin with a capital letter. The Pronunciation is indicated by phonetic respellings marked in accordance with the diacritical system originated by Noah Webster, but simplified and brought into harmony with the latest developments in phonetics. Whatever changes have been made are along the lines of simplification as recommended by Dr. Webster. In Noah Webster's large dictionary, and in the school dictionaries abridged there- from, the pronunciation of words was indicated by marks placed over or under the letters as they stood in the vocabulary, instead of by phonetic respellings. This rendered necessary a number of different markings to indicate the same sound when represented by different letters. When the method of indicating the pronunciation of words by phonetic respelling was intro- duced, the necessity for using more than one mark to indicate any one sound was obviated, as the same symbol could now be used, no matter by what letter or letters the sound is represented in the vocabulary; for instance, u with a dot under it for the sound of u in pull and for the sound of oo in wood. But regardless of this fact, the editors of some of the later editions of the old diction- aries have gone right along perpetuating this old confusion, by the use of a multiplicity of marks for the same sounds. And to make confusion worse confounded the same symbol is sometimes used by them to denote two entirely different sounds ; for instance the mark ( A ) known as the broad or circumflex is used to indicate the vowel sound heard in fare and also that heard in storm. But the confusion does not end there. Not only are these two distinct sounds repre- sented by the same mark, but another mark ( ••) known as the two dots, is also used to indicate one of these sounds, as by being placed under the a in warm. And besides this complicated method of indicating the sounds there is an entire lack of system in the adoption of the marks. For example, the mark (~) called tilde, is placed over the letter e to indicate the sound of that XV letter heard in fern, while an entirely different mark ( A ) is placed over u to indicate the similar- sound heard in burn. And this confusion and lack of uniformity and consistency is found throughout the entire series of markings. It is well nigh hopeless, therefore, to undertake the task of mastering the "key to pronunciation " in one of these old-style dictionaries. But all this confusion of symbols is avoided, and the matter of mastering the key to pronun- ciation made simple and comprehensible in Webster's New Standard American Dictionary by the use of a uniform system of markings. In this system the same sounds are always represented by the same symbols, no matter how varied their actual representation in the language or whether the sound is prolonged by accentuation or not. Mere modifications of accent are not marked as variations of sound, as is the case in other dictionaries, a practice which was denounced by Noah Webster as tending to confusion and mis- pronunciation. "The mischief of these notations," says Webster in the Introduction to his large American dictionary, "is that attempts are made to express minute distinctions or shades of sounds, so to speak, which cannot be represented to the eye by characters. From a careful attention to this subject, I am persuaded that all such notations are useless, and many of them mischievious, as they lead to a wrong pronunciation." The fact that a vowel is unmarked indicates that its sound is short. All other vowel sounds being marked, it is entirely unnecessary to indicate the short sound. Every consonant used in the respelling for pronunciation always has its own peculiar, unvarying sound, none being employed that has more than one sound, with the exception of g, which always indicates its hard sound, heard in go. The sound of th, as in thick, is represented by common Roman letters, while italics indicate the sound as in the. With this system of markings to work with, the teacher has merely to call the attention of the pupils to the general features of the system, and they at once make their own application to the particular instances. A key to the diacritical markings will be found at the foot of each page. Definitions. Each word in the vocabulary is tersely and clearly defined with reference to every part of speech in which it can be properly used, the different shades of meaning being separated by Arabic figures and the various parts of speech by Roman numerals. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs are separately defined, and their past tense and present and past participles always given, whether regularly or irregularly formed. Degrees of Adjectives are given, particular attention being called to those degrees irregularly formed. Plurals of Nouns are given when irregularly formed. Synonyms, Antonyms, and an Addendum of Verbal Distinctions, including Homonyms, etc., have been embodied to meet the requirements of all students of literature and others who desire to be correct in the use of the English language, the principal synonyms being not only compared but contrasted with their antonyms throughout the book. Etymologies are given in brackets after the definitions, all foreign letters being trans- literated into English. Illustrations: Over 2,000 instructive pictorial illustrations are contained in the text, including typical portraits of the peoples of the various nationalities, made especially for this work. Each text illustration is placed in direct connection with the word it illustrates — a system for which Webster's New Standard Dictionaries are noted. In addition to these features, there are a number of full-page plates (some of them printed in colors) . The Text is printed in large, clear type and the vocabulary words in bold black letters. The Websterian System: In the production of this modern edition of Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language no credit is claimed for the simplified systems of spelling and diacritical marks employed, as these are the innovations of Noah Webster in his original work. Our task mainly has been to bring the work of the great American lexicographer abreast with the times, thus helping to establish, in the words of Webster, "a standard of our vernacular tongue, which we shall not be ashamed to bequeath to five-hundred millions of people who are destined to occupy the vast territory within our jurisdiction." XVI CONTENTS Explanatory ..... List of Full-Page Plates . Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary- Key to the Pronunciation Plurals and Derivatives . New Standard Dictionary of the English Language XV XVIII XIX XX XXI I APPENDIX ENGLISH VERBAL DISTINCTIONS PART I — Words differently spelled, but pronounced exactly alike PART II — Words differently spelled, but pronounced nearly alike PART III — Words spelled and pronounced alike, but differing widely in meaning . . . PART IV — Words spelled alike, but differently pronounced . PART V — Words spelled alike, but differently accented, and belonging to different classes . . ... PART VI — Words neither spelled alike nor pronounced alike, but liable to be confounded . Current Abbreviations and Contractions . Proofreading and Marks . . . . 1237 1241 1242 1243 1243 1244 1245 1250 xvn LIST OF FULL-PAGE PLATES PHOTO-ENGRAVINGS IN COLORS SUBJECT Aeroplanes, Airships and Balloons United States Army Insignia . . . Shoulder Straps, Commissioned Officers, U. S. Army Seals, National, State and Territorial . Seals, National, State and Territorial . National Flags of the World .... National Flags of the World . Flags and Pennants — International Code Alphabet Portraits — Great Lexicographers PAGE III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XII PHOTO-ETCHINGS Automobile Parts International Boundary Lines, Fishing Great Lakes . Coats of Arms (Sweden to Portugal) Coats of Arms ( U. S. to France) English and Grecian Coins Roman Coins Crowns and Coronets . Crowns and Coronets . Deaf and Dumb Alphabet Knots, Bends and Hitches Most Popular Styles of Lettering (A to M) Most Popular Styles of Lettering (N to Z) Semaphore and Wig Wag Signals U. S. Navy Code Areas of OPPOSITE PAGE 84 « 85 CC 238 (C 239 cc 242 cc 243 (C 310 CC 3 11 cc 33° cc 33 1 cc 404 cc 405 cc 750 cc 75 1 xvm Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary a... ad j ective abbr abbreviation ace accusative adv adverb Afr African Agric Agriculture Alg Algebra Am American Am. Ind. American Indian Anat Anatomy Anglo-Ind Anglo-Indian Ant Antonyms Anthrop Anthropology Antiq Antiquities Ar Arabic Arch Architecture Arith Arithmetic art article A. S Anglo-Saxon Astrol Astrology Astron Astronomy Beng Bengalese Bib Holy Bible Biol Biology Bohem Bohemian Bol Bolivian Bot Botany Bulg Bulgarian Braz Brazilian Bret Breton Cai Calculus Canad Canadian cap capital Initial Carp Carpentry Celt Celtic of (confer) compare Ceram Ceramics Chal Chaldean Chem Chemistry Chin Chinese Civ. Engin Civil Engineering Class. Myth Classical Mythology cog cognate CoUoq Colloquial comp comparative Conchol ......... Conchology conj i conjunction contr contraction Copt . . . Coptic corrup corruption Cosmog Cosmography Cym Cymric Dan Danish . " derived from " dial dialectical dim diminutive Dut Dutch E East Eccl Ecclesiastic Econ Economics Egypt. Egyptian E. Ind East Indian Eleo Electricity Embry Embryology Eng English Entom Entomology = •• equivalent to " esp especially Etym Etymology exclam exclamation fern feminine fig figuratively Finn Finnish Flem Flemish Fort Fortification Found Founding Fr French Fries Friesian freq frequentative fut future Gael Gaelic gen genitive Geod Geodesy Geog Geography Oeol Geology Oeom Geometry Ger German Goth Gothic Or Greek Gram Grammar H High Heb Hebrew Her Heraldry Hind Hindustani Hist History Hort Horticulture Hung Hungarian Hydraul Hydraulics Hydros Hydrostatics Ice Icelandic Ichth Ichthyology imper imperative Ind Indian ind indicative indeel indeclinable indef indefinite Indo-Eur Indo-European inf. infinitive interj interjection Ir Irish irreg irregular It Italian XIX Jap Japanese Jav , Javanese Jurisp Jurisprudence L Latin L. Ger Low German lit literally Lith Lithuanian L. L Late or Low Latin M Middle m mile or miles Malay Malayan masc masculine Math Mathematics M. Dut Middle Dutch Mech Mechanics Med Medicine M. Eng Middle English Metal Metallurgy Metaphys Metaphysics Metrol Metrology Mex Mexican Mil Military Min Minerology M.L Mediaeval Latin Morph Morphology Myth Mythology N North n noun N. Am North American Nat. Hist Natural History Naut Nautical Nav Navigation N.E North East neut neuter N. L New Latin nom nominative Norm Norman Norw Norwegian n.pl noun plural Numis Numismatics N.W North West O Old O. Bulg Old Bulgarian obs obsolete O. Dut Old Dutch O. Fr Old French O. Fries Old Friesian O. Gael Old Gaelic O. H. Ger Old High German O.It Old Italian O. L. Ger Old Low German O.N Old Norse opp opposed Opt Optics Ornith Ornithology O. S Old Saxon O.Sw Old Swedish 9 Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary— [Continued) Paint Painting Pal Paleontology pass passive Pathol Pathology ptrh perhaps Pen Persian pers person persp perspective Peruv Peruvian Petrol Petrology Pg Portuguese Pharm Pharmacy Phen Phenician Phil Philosophy Philol Philology Phon Phonetics Phonog Phonography Photog Photography Phren Phrenology Phya Physiology pi plural Pneum Pneumatics Pol Polish Polit. Econ Political Economy Pom Pomology poaa possessive P-P past participle pref. preface prep preposition prim primative Print Printing prob ... probably pron pronoun Proa Prosody pr. p present participle prov provincial Prov. E Provincial English Psych .Psychology p.t past tense Bhet Rhetoric Rom Roman Roum Roumanian Russ S South S. Af South African S. Am South American S ms Sanskrit Scand Scandinavian Sc Scotch Sculpt Sculpture S.E South East sing singular Slav Slavonic Sociol Sociology Sp Spanish Sport Sporting sq.m square miles St Saint Stock Exch Stock Exchange subj subjunctive sup supine superl superlative -Surer , Surgery Surv Surveying Sw Swedish S. W SouthWest Syn Synonyms Syr Syrian Teut Teutonic Theol Theology Theos Theosophy Therap Therapeutics Tib Tibetan Teleg Telegraphy Topog Topography Trig Trigonometry Turk Turkish U.S United States of America v verb v. aux verb auxiliary Vet Veterinary vi verb intransitive vt verb transitive W West Wei Welsh Zool. Zoology KEY TO PRONUNCIATION as in pale, paid, freight, prey, great. " hat, pad, fan, shall. task, trance, clasp, shaft, glass. ' far, alms, father, half, laugh, ah. " fall, talk, author, awe, fought, form. " fare, hair, bear, their, where. " above, diamond, sofa, templar. " me, machine, meat, sweet, bier, met, equity, bury, terrible, her, earn, bird, firm. " mite, mine, my, might, height. " mlt, abyss, division, enmity. " go, hold, coal, snow, tableau. " not, comma, folly, was, what. " move, too, food, rule, rude. " wolf, woman, book, would, pull. u as in mute, stew, your, union, mature. u " hut, sun, hurry, rustic, onion. u " burn, furl, cur, world. u " Scotch gude, French sud. oi " oil, voice, boy, oyster. ow how, town, thou, found. kh " Scotch loch, German Loch. Big " singsong. in thin, through, wealth, breath. tk " then, thou, breathe, soothe. g "go, dog, begin, bigger. J " ginger, longitude, hedge. s " sense, loose, stay, force, acid. z " zeal, lazy, easy, clothes, suffice. zh " closure, cohesion, grazier, mirage. SIGNS — ™ derived from. = equivalent to. [A-], [a-] A bracketed large or small letter with hyphen indicates that a capital or lower case initial respectively is used when the word has the particular meaning immediately following the sign. XX imninniimminmmmiui'.i :'.iin;iiiinV>)ini!iimnKi;m|imummmnumq ABAMA a (a), n. [pi. A'S (ass).] First letter in the alphabet. It has seven sounds (see Key to the Pronunciation) , and sometimes represents the short o, as in what, and the short c, as in many. [Phen. aleph, ox.] A (a or a), indef. art. or a. One ; any; every. Used for AN be- fore words beginning with a consonant or consonant sound; as, a man, a house, a unit. [A. S. dn, one.] A-, prefix. I. As an Anglo-Saxon prefix, a- signifles : at, from, in, of, on, out, to. II. As a prefix to Latin and Greek words, a- repre- sents; 1. L. ab-. 2. L. ad-. 3. L. ex-, as In abash, amend. 4. Gr. a- (before a vowel aw), a negative, known as alpha privative. AACHEN (a'khen), n. Alx - la - Chapelle, city and district in Germany. AAR (ar), n. River in Switzerland. AARDVARK(ard'vark),w. South African ground- hog. [Dut. aarde, earth, and vark, dim. of varken, pig.] AARDWOLF (ard'wQlf), n. Earthwolf of South Africa. [Dut. aarde, earth, and wolf, wolf.] AB-, prefix. Away, off, from, as absolve, abrade, abdi- cate. [L. ab, of, off.] Aardvark (Orycteropui capensis) Aardwolf (Proteles lalandi) . Ab (ab), n. Fifth month of the Jewish eccle- siastical year, corresponding very nearly to August. ABA (ab'a), n. Fabric woven from the hair of camels or goats in Syria and Arabia or a wrap made of it. ABACA (ab-a-ka'), n. Native name in the y> Abacd, (Musa textiles) . Philippine Islands for the Manila hemp plant; also its fiber, produced only in the Philippines. ABACK (a-bak')» adv. Naut. So as to be pressed back against the mast, said of sails; backward. — Taken aback. 1. Naut. Pressed back or against the mast by a sudden gust of wind. 2. Taken by surpMse; confounded; dis- concerted; disappointed. ABACTINAL (ab-ak'ti-nal), a. Zool. Remote from the acti- nal or oral area; without rays; opi'ised to ACTINAL,. ABACUS (au'a-kus),n. 1. Level tablet c vning the capital of a column. 2. Kind of calculating device, usually consisting of ^.^^ parallel cords or wires upon which sliding balls or beads are strung, used in China and Japan and other eastern coun- tries for making cal- culations. [L. — Gr. abax, counting table.] ABAFT (a-baft')» adv. and prep. Naut. On hind part of ship. [A. S. a, by, aft.] SYN. Behind; after; rearward. ANT. Forward; fore; front. ABAISER (a-ba'ser), n. Burnt ivory; animal charcoal; bone black. [Of uncertain or igin.] ABALONE (ab-a-16'ne), «. Zool. Shell-fish having an ear-shaped univalve shell, lined with mother of pearl, common on the Pacific coast; sea-ear. [Etym. doubtful.] ABAMA (a-ba'ma), n. BoU Genus of bog plants, including the bog as- phodel of Europe (Abama ossifragum) and Chinese Abacus. Abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) . file, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gv.de; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ► ABAMBON ABBREVIATION the American bog asphodel (Abama amerl-' eanum). [Etym. doubtful.] ABAMBOT7 (a-bam'bo), n. Afr. Myth. Evil spirit in whose house a fire is always kept burning, and who is supposed to have the power of causing sickness and death. ABAMURUS (ab-a-mu'rus), n. Second wall erected for the purpose of strengthening another one ; buttress. [L. mums, wall.] ABANDON (a-bang-dang'), n. Full surrender to natural impulse ; careless ease. [Fr.] ABANDON (a-ban'dun), vt. [pr.p. ABAN- DONING; p.t. and p.p. ABAN'DONED (a- ban'dund).] 1. Give up entirely; forsake; relinquish. 2. Yield or resign (one's self), as to vice. [Fr. abandonner; from a bandon, at liberty.] SYN. Abdicate; abjure; cease; cede; forego; renounce; surrender; vacate; leave; desert. ANT. Keep; hold; retain; main- tain; uphold; cherish; protect; support. ABANDONED (a-ban'dund), a. 1. Deserted. 2. Wholly given up to vice; hopelessly de- praved; profligate; shameless. ABANDONMENT (a-ban'dun-ment), n. 1. Act of abandoning. 2. State of being abandoned; desertion; relinquishment. ABARIS (ab'a-ris), n. Greek Myth. A Scythian in the age of Croesus, who traveled through the air on an arrow received from Apollo. ABASE (a-bas'), vt. [pr.p. ABA'SING; p.t. and p.p. ABASED (a-bast').] Humble; degrade; debase. [Fr. abaisser, to lower.] SYN. Lower; humiliate; depress; de- mean; dishonor; disgrace. ANT. Promote; exalt; elevate; raise; dignify; uplift. ABASEMENT (a-bas'ment), n. 1. Act of bring- ing low or humbling. 2. State of being brought low; degradation; humiliation. ABASH (a-bash'), vt. [pr.p. ABASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. ABASHED (a-basht').] Confuse with the feeling of inferiority or guilt. [O. Fr. esbahir; Fr. ebahir, astonish.] SYN. Shame; disconcert; confuse; dis- compose; confound; humble; humiliate; dishearten; mortify. ANT. Countenance; cheer; encourage; rally; uphold; animate. ABASHMENT (a-bash'ment), n. Confusion pro- duced by shame; consternation; shame. ABASIA (a-ba'zhi-a), n. Pathol. Inability to co-ordinate action of muscles in walking. [Gr. a priv. and basis, rhythmical movement.] ABATABLE (a-ba'ta-bl), a. Capable of being abated. ABATE (a-baf), v. [pr.p. ABA'TING; p.t. and p. p. ABA'TED.] I. vt. 1. Deduct from; lessen. 2. Latv. Put an end to, as a nui- sance. 3. Remit, as a tax. II. vi. 1. Become less. 2. Become void; fail. [O. Fr. abatre, cut or beat down.] SYN. Diminish; reduce; decrease; lower; mitigate; remove; moderate; terminate; suppress; decline; subside; relax. ANT. Increase; magnify; aggravate; extend; en- large; amplify; prolong; continue; aug- ment; intensify; rage; revive. ABATEMENT (a-bat'ment), n. 1. Act of aba- ting. 2. State of being abated. 3. Amount of reduction. 4. Law. Intrusion. ABATIS, ABATTIS (ab'a-tis), n. Ram- part of trees felled and laid side by side to hinder assault. [See FORTIFICA- TION.] [Fr.] Abatis. ABATTOIR (a-ba-twar'), n. Slaughterhouse. [Fr.] ABAXIAL (ab-aksi-al), ABAXILE (ab-aks'll), a. Bot. Away from the axis, applied to an embryo out of the axis of the seed. [AB- and AXIAL.] ABBA (ab'ii), n. Father. [Chal. and Syr.] ABBACY (ab'a-si), n. Office of an abbot. ABBE (a-ba/), n. Fr. term for abbot, often used as a mere honorary title for an ecclesiastic devoted to literature. ABBESS (ab'es), n. Lady superior of a nunnery. [O. Fr. fern, of abbas, abbot.] ABBEY (ab'e), n. 1. Monastery under an abbot or abbess. 2. Church attached to it. ABBOT (ab'ut), n. [fern. AB'BESS.] Superior of an abbey. [L. abbas — Syr. abba, father.] ABBREVIATE (ab- bre'vi-at), vt. [pr.p, ABBREVIATING; p.t. and p.p. ABBREVI- ATED.] 1. Reduce to smaller compass; abridge; shorten. 2. Math. Reduce to lower terms. SYN. Condense; curtail; epitomize; summarize. ANT. Lengthen; extend; prolong; elongate; elab- orate; amplify; enlarge; dilate; expand. ABBREVIATED (ab-bre'vi- a-ted) a. 1. Shortened; abridged. 2. Bot. Term used in comparative de- scriptions to indicate that one part is shorter than another. Thus an dbbrevi- calyx (A). ated calyx is one which is shorter than the tube of the corolla. ABBREVIATION (ab-bre-vi-a'shun),n. 1. Act of shortening. 2. Shortened form, as Mr. for Mister. Summary; abridgment. Flower of Pulmo- nana maritvma, with abbreviated late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ABDICATE ABOLISH Abdominal Fish. ABDICATE (ab'di-kat), v. [pr.p. ABDICA- TING; p.U and p.p. AB'DICATED.] I. vt. Give up; renounce; abandon, as a high office. II. vl. Renounce or give up some claim, right or power. [L. ab, from, and dico, proclaim.] ABDICATION (ab-di-ka'shun), n. Act of ab- dicating. ABDICATOR (ab'di-ka-tur), n. One who ab- dicates, gives up, or renounces. ABDOMEN (ab-do'men), n. Part of body be- tween thorax and pelvis. [L.] ABDOMINAL (ab- dom'i-nal), a. 1. Per- taining to or situated in or on the abdo- men. 2. Having fins situated on the abdomen; as an abdominal fish. ABDUCT (ab-dukt), vt. [pr.p. ABDUCTING; p.t. and p.p. ABDUCTED.] Carry away, especially, furtively or by force. [L. ab, off, and duco, lead.] ABDUCTION (ab-duk'shun), n. Act of ab- ducting; act of carrying off or kidnaping. ABDUCTOR (ab-duk'tur), n. 1. One guilty of abduction. 2. Anat. Muscle that pulls back. ABEAM (a-bem')» adv. Naut. In a line at right angles to a vessel's keel; on the beam. ABED (a-bed'), adv. In bed; on the bed. ABERRATION (ab-er-ra'shun), n. 1. Wan- dering from the right path. 2. Mental de- rangement. [L. ab, from, and erro, wander.] ABET (a-bef), vt. [pr.p. ABET'TING; p.t. and p.p. ABET'TED.] Incite by encouragement or aid (chiefly in a bad sense). [O. Fr. abeter— a, to, and beter, bait.] ABETMENT (a-bet'ment), n. Act of abetting. ABETTER (a-bet'er), ABETTOR (a-bet'ur), n . One who abets or aids another in crime. ABEYANCE (a-ba'ans), n. State of suspension; temporary inactivity; dormancy; expectation. [Fr. a, to, and bayer, gape in expectation. ABHOR (ab-har'), vt. [pr.p. ABHORRING; p.t. and p.p. ABHORRED (ab-hard').] Regard with extreme repugnance; detest; abominate; loathe. [L. ab, from, and horreo, shrink.] SYN. See HATE. ABHORRENCE (ab-hor'ens), n. 1. Feeling of utter repugnance. 2. That which causes ex- treme loathing. SYN. Antipathy; aversion; detestation; disgust; loathing; hatred; repugnance; re- vulsion. ANT. Admiration; appreciation; approval; delight; pleasure; satisfaction. lBHORRENT (ab-hor'ent), a. 1. Causing re- pugnance. 2. Repugnant (to). BIDE (a-bid')» v. [pr.p. ABI'DING; p.t. and p.p. ABODE (a-bod').] I. vt. 1. Bide or wait for. 2. Endure; tolerate. II. vl. Con- tinue; dwell, stay. [A. S. abidan=a, to, and bidan, wait.] BIDING (a-bi'ding), a. Continuing; perma- nent; durable; steadfast. ABIDINGLY (a-bi'ding-li), adv. In an abiding manner. ABIES (ab'i-ez), n. Bot. Genus of pine trees, in- cluding the firs, having erect cones and evergreen leaves. [L. abies, silver fir-tree.] ABILITY (a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. ABILITIES.] 1. Power. 2. Faculty. [See ABLE.] SYN Skill; talent; capacity; capability; Branch of Abies. expertness; qualification; efficiency; accom- plishment; attainment; competency; power; force. ANT. Incapacity; inability; incom- petency; maladroitness; weakness. ABIOGENESIS (ab-i-6-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. Pro- duction of living matter from that which Is not living; spontaneous generation. [Gr. o priv., bios, life, and genesis, generation.] ABIOGENETIC (ab-i-6-je-net'ik), a. Relating to or produced by spontaneous generation. ABJECT (ab'jekt), a. Mean; base; despicable, contemptible. [L. abjectus, cast away — ab, away, and jacio, throw.] SYN. Servile; groveling; low; Ignoble; vile; sordid; pitiable; cringing. ANT. Lofty; exalted; noble; dignified; illustrious. ABJECTION (ab-jek'shun), n. Abjectness. ABJECTLY (ab-jekt'li), adv. In an abject manner; basely; servilely. ABJECTNESS (ab'Jekt-nes), n. Degraded state or condition; abjection. ABJURATION (ab-jor-a'shun), n. Act of ab- juring; official renunciation on oath. ABJURATORY (ab-jor'a-to-ri), a. Of or per- taining to abjuration. ABJURE (ab-jor'), vt. [pr.p. ABJUR'ING; p.t. and [p.p. ABJURED (ab-jord').] Renounce solemnly or on oath. [L. ab, off, and }uro, swear.] SYN. See ABANDON. ABLATIVE (ab'la-tiv), a. Gram. Express- ing separation, as the ablative case. [L. abla- tivus — ab, from, and lotus, carried.] ABLAUT (ab'lowt), n. Philol. Substitution of one vowel for another in the body of a word, especially in strong verbs to indicate tense change; as, sting, stung. [Ger. ab, off, and laut, sound.] ABLAZE (a-blaz'), adv. and a. 1. On fire; blazing. 2. Ardent with desire or excitement. ABNORMALLY (ab-narm'a-li), adv. In an abnormal manner; irregularly; unnaturally. ABNORMITY (ab-narm'i-ti), n. [pi. AB- NORM'ITIES.] Irregularity; deformity. ABOARD (a-bord'), I. adv. On board; in a ship; on a train. II. prep. On board of. ABODE (a-bod'), n. 1. Dwelling place; home. 2. Act, state, or time of abiding. ABODE (a-bdd'). Past tense of ABIDE. ABOLISH (a-bol'ish), vt. [pr.p. ABOL'ISHING; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ► ABOLISHABLE ABSENCE p.t. and p.p. ABOLISHED (a-bol'isht).] Put an end to. [L. ab, from, and oleo, grow.] SYN. Abrogate; revoke; repeal; annul; annihilate. ANT. Support; sustain; re- Instate; confirm; establish. ABOLISHABLE (a-bol'ish-a-bl), a. Capable of being abolished; abatable; repealable. ABOLISHMENT (a-bol'ish-ment), n. 1. Act of abolishing. 2. State or fact of being abolished; abrogation; abolition. ABOLITION (ab-o-lish'un), n. Act of abolish- ing; state of being abolished. ABOLITIONIST (ab-o-lish'un-ist), n. One who favors the abolition of anything, especially slavery; member of anti-slavery party. ABOMINABLE (a-bom'i-na-bl), a. Deserving to be abominated; hateful; detestable. SYN. Execrable; foul; abhorrent. ANT. Admirable; delightful; lovely. ABOMINABLENESS (a-bom'i-na-bl-nes), n. Quality of being abominable. ABOMINABLY (a-bom'i-na-bli), adv. In an abominable manner; detestably; execrably. AB03IINATE (a-bom'i-nat), vi. [pr.p. ABOMI- NATING; p.t. and p.p. ABOMINATED.! Re- gard with loathing; detest extremely. [L. abominatus, p.p. of abominor, turn from as of bad omen.] SYN. Abhor; hate. ANT. Admire. ABOMINATION (a-bom-i-na'shun), n. 1. Ex- treme aversion; detestation. 2. Abominable thing, condition or action. ABORIGINAL (ab-o-rij'i-nal), I. a. Primitive; first. II. n. A first or original inhabitant. [L. ab, from, and origo, beginning.] ABORIGINES (ab-o-rij'i-nez), n.pl. of the rare sing. ABORIGINE. People living in a coun- try when first known; aborignals. ABORTION (a-bar'shun), n. 1. Premature birth. 2. Anything which fails of reaching maturity. [L. ab, away, and orior, begin.] ABORTIVE (a-bar'tiv), a. 1. Incompletely de- veloped. 2. Miscarrying. 3. Causing abor- tion. 4. Unsuccessful. ABOUND (a-bownd'), vi. [pr.p. ABOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. ABOUND'ED.] Be or have in great plenty. [L. abundo, to overflow, from unda, a wave.] SYN. Teem; swarm; overflow. ANT. Lack; want. ABOUT (a-bowf), I. prep. Round on the out- side; around; here and there in; near to; concerning; engaged in. II. adv. Around; nearly; here and there. — Bring about, cause to take place. — Come about, take place. — Go about, prepare to do. [A. S. abutan — a, on, be, by, utan, outside.] ABOVE (a-buv'), I. prep. On the up side; higher than; more than; beyond; superior to. II. adv. Overhead; in a higher position, order, or power; in heaven. [A. S. abufan — o, on, be, by, and ufan, high.] A B R A C A B R A A B R A B A Abracadabra. ABOVE (a-buvO, I. a. Given or said in a pre- ceding part. II. n. That which is above. ABOVEBOARD (a-buv'bord), a. and adv. Open; fairly; without trickery. ABRACADABRA (ab-ra-ka-dab'ra), n. A caba- listic word or group A T»« Ar , ATIAl , WA «« i,.. ,.„ „. ABRACADABRA of letters, used as a ABRACADABR charm. ABRACADAB ABRADANT (ab-ra'- ^Vr^cVd* dant), n. Substance A B R A C A used for abrading, as emery or sand. ABRADE (ab-rad'), vi. [pr.p. ABRA'DING; p.t. and p.p. ABRA'- DED.] Scrape off. [L. ab, off, and rado, scrape.] ABRASION (ab-ra'zhun), n. 1. Act of scrap- ing or rubbing off. 2. Matter scraped off. ABREAST (a-bresf), adv. 1. Side by side; evenly advanced. 2. Elec. Having like poles connected; in multiple arc. ABRIDGE (a-brij'), vt. [pr.p. ABRIDGING; p.t. and p.p. ABRIDGED (a-brljd').] 1. Shorten by condensing; epitomize. 2. Deprive of, as a right or privilege. [Fr. abreger; — L. ab (for ad), to, and brevis, short.] ABRIDGMENT (a-brij'ment), n. 1. Act of abridging. 2. State of being abridged. 3. Abridged form; compendium; digest. ABROAD (a-brad'), adv. 1. Out of doors; at large. 2. In foreign lands. 3. In circula- tion. 4. Expansively; widely; broadly. ABROGATE (ab'ro-gat), vt. [pr.p. ABROGAT- ING; p.t. and p.p. ABROGATED.] Repeal; annul. [L. ab, from, and rogo, ask.] ABROGATION (ab-ro-ga'shun), n. Act of abrogating; annulment; repeal. ABROGATIVE (ab'ro-ga-tiv), a. Tending or meant to abrogate. ABRUPT (ab-rupf), a. 1. Ending as though broken off. 2. Very steep. 3. Unexpected; sudden. 4. Unceremonious; brusque. [L. ab, off, and rumpo, break.] ABRUPTLY (ab-rupt'li), adv. In an abrupt manner. ABRUPTNESS (ab-rupt'nes), n. State or qual- ity of being abrupt. ABS-, prefix. Same as ab-. Used before c and t, as in abscond, abstract, ABSCISSA (ab-sis'a), n. The straight line cut off or intercepted between the vertex of a curve and an ordinate, measured along the principal axis. [L. abscissus, cut off.] ABSCESS (ab'ses), n. Collection of pus within some tissue of the body; tumor. [L. abs, away, and cedo, go.] ABSCOND (ab-skond'), vi. [pr.p. ABSCOND'- ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSCOND'ED.] Hide one's self; go away suddenly and secretly. [L. abs, from, or away, and condo, hide.] ABSENCE (ab'sens), n. 1. Being away or not present. 2. Inattention. 3. Want. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ABSENT ABSURDLY ABSENT (ab-senf), vt. [pr.p. ABSENTING; p.t. and p.p. ABSENT 'ED.] Keep one's self away: now used only reflexively. ABSENT (ab'sent), a. 1. Not present. 2. In- attentive; absent-minded. [L.] ABSENTEE (ab-sen-te'), n. One who is absent from his employment, station, or country. ABSENT-MINDED (ab-sent-mind'ed), a. Ab- sorbed in thought; inattentive. ABSINTH, ABSINTHE, (ab'sinth), n. Liquor flavored with wormwood. [Fr. absinthe — L. absinthium, wormwood.] ABSOLUTE (ab'so-lot), a. 1. Complete; per- fect. 2. Unlimited; free from conditions; arbitrary. 3. Free from mixture; unadul- terated. 4. Positive; unquestionable. [L. ab- solutus, p.p. of absolvo. See ABSOLVE.] SYN. Entire; unconditional; unequivo- cal; actual; real. ANT. Incomplete; con- ditional; relative; limited; accountable. ABSOLUTELY (ab'so-lot-li), adv. With no restriction as to amount, relation or condition. ABSOLUTENESS (ab'so-lot-nes), n. Quality or state of being absolute. ABSOLUTION (ab-so-lo'shun), n. 1. Release from punishment. 2. Remission of sins. ABSOLUTISM (ab'so-lo-tism), n. Principle of government without restriction. ABSOLUTORY (ab-sol'u-td-ri), a. Absolving or tending to absolve. ABSOLVABLE (ab-solv'a-bl), a. Capable of being absolved. ABSOLVATORY (ab-solv'a-to-ri), a. Having power to absolve. ABSOLVE (ab-solv'), vt. [pr.p. ABSOLVING; p.t. and p.p. ABSOLVED (ab-soivd').] Re- leased from obligation or guilt; pardon. [L. absolvo; aft, from, and solvo, loose.] ABSORB (ab-sarb'), vt. [pr.p. ABSORB'ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSORBED (ab-sarbd').] 1. Suck up; drink in. 2. Swallow up; engulf. 3. Engross the whole attention; occupy fully. [L. absorbeo, suck in.] SYN. Imbibe; engulf; engross. ANT. Disgorge; exude; radiate; emit. ABSORBABILITY (ab-sarb-a-bil'i-ti), n. State or quality of being absorbable. ABSORBABLE ( ab-sarb 'a-bl), a. Capable of being absorbed. ABSORBENT (ab-sarb'ent), I. a. Produ- cing absorption; tending to absorb. II. n. That which absorbs or has a tendency to absorb. ABSORPTION (ab-sarp'shun), n. 1. Act of ab- sorbing. 2. State of being absorbed. ABSORPTIVE (ab-sarp'tiv), a. Having power to absorb. ABSTAIN (ab-stan'), vi. [pr.p. ABSTAINING; p.t. and p.p. ABSTAINED (ab-stand').] Re- frain (from). [Fr. abstenir — L„ abs, from, ^n 1 teneo, hold.] ABSTAINER (ab-stan'er), n. One who abstains ; teetotaler. ABSTEMIOUS (ab-ste'mi-us), a. Sparing in food, drink, or enjoyment; temperate. [L.] ABSTEMIOUSLY (ab-ste'mi-us-li), adv. In an abstemious manner. ABSTEMIOUSNESS (ab-ste'mi-us-nes), n. Quality of being abstemious; abstinence. ABSTENTION (ab-sten'shun), n. Act of ab- staining. [See ABSTAIN.] ABSTERGE (ab-sterj'), vt. [pr.p. ABSTERG'- ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSTERGED (ab-sterjd').] Wipe away; cleanse; purge. [L. 06, away, and tcrgeo, wipe.] ABSTERGENT (ab-ster'jent), I. a. Serving to cleanse; cleansing; purging. II. n. That which cleanses or purges; detergent. ABSTERSION (ab-ster'shun), n. Act of cleans- ing by lotions. [L. abstersio.] ABSTINENCE (ab'sti-nens), n. Abstaining or refraining, especially from some indulgence. [See ABSTAIN.] ABSTINENT (ab'sti-nent), a. Practicing ab- stinence; abstemious; temperate; continent. ABSTRACT (ab-strakf), vt. [pr.p. ABSTRACT- ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSTRACT 'ED.] 1. Take away; separate; purloin. 2. Epitomize. 3. Consider apart. SYN. Remove; purloin; withdraw; dis- tinguish. ANT. Complete; combine. ABSTRACT (ab'strakt). I. a. Conceived apart from matter or particular case, as an abstract number (the opposite of concrete). II. n. 1. Summary; abridgment. 2. That which is withdrawn or separated; essence. [L. abs t away, and tralio, tractum, draw.] SYN. See ABRIDGMENT. ABSTRACTED (ab-strakt'ed), a. 1. Separated; abstruse; difficult. 2. Absent-minded. ABSTRACTEDLY (ab-strakt'ed-li), adv. In an abstracted or absent-minded manner. ABSTRACTION (ab-strak'shun), n. 1. Act of abstracting. 2. State of being abstracted. 3. That which is abstracted; mental conception. ABSTRACTIVE (ab-strakt'iv), a. Having the power or quality of abstracting. ABSTRACTLY (ab-strakt'li), adv. 1. In an abstract manner. 2. In the manner of an abstract or summary. ABSTRACTNESS (ab-strakt'nes), n. Quality or state of being abstract; abstruseness. ABSTRUSE (ab-stros'), a. Difficult to under- stand. [L. abs, away, and trudo, trusum, thrust ] ABSTRUSELY (ab-stros'li), adv. In an ab- struse manner. ABSTRUSENESS (ab-stros'nes), n. Quality of being abstruse. ABSURD (ab-surd'), a. Obviously unreasonable or false. [L. ab, very, and surdus, indistinct.] ABSURDITY (ab-surd'1-ti), n. [pi. ABSURDI- TIES.] 1. Quality or state of being absurd. 2. That which is absurd. ABSURDLY (ab-surd'li), adv. In a manner at variance with reason. fat», fat, task, far, fall, f&re, above; m§, met, her; mite, tait; note, not. move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. > ABSURDNESS ACCELERATIVE n. Quality of Overflowing ABSURDNESS (ab-sflrd'nes), being absurd. ABUNDANCE (a-bun'dans), a. plenty. [See ABOUND.] SYN. Profusion; repletion; wealth; am- plitude; affluence; plenteousness. ANT. Rarity; scarcity; paucity; dearth. ABUNDANT (a-bun'dant), a. In great supply; fully sufficient. SYN. Copious; ample; plenteous; bounti- ful; rich; teeming; luxuriant. ANT. In- adequate; deficient; scant; scarce. ABUNDANTLY (a-bun'dant-li), adv. Amply; sufficiently; copiously. ABUSE (a-buz'), vt. [pr.p. ABU'SING; p.t. and p.p. ABUSED (a-buzd').] 1. Put to an Improper use. 2. Use in an illegitimate or Improper sense. 3. Use ill. 4. Violate; de- file. 5. Revile; vilify. [L. abusus, p.p. of abutl, misuse.] ABUSE (a-bus'), n. 1. Employment for a wrong purpose; misuse. 2. Corrupt practice. 3. Insulting language. 4. Cruel treatment. 5. Violation; defilement. SYN. Misusage; misapplication; perver- sion; ill-treatment; invective; scurrility; opprobrium; vituperation. ABUSIVE (a-bu'siv), a. Containing or prac- ticing abuse. ABUSIVELY (a-bu'slv-li), adv. In an abusive manner. ABUSIVENESS (a-bu'siv-nes), n. Quality of being abusive. ABUT (a-buf), vi. [pr.p. ABUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. ABUT'TED.] Adjoin at the end; border upon; be contiguous. [Fr. about ir, from bout, the end.] ABUTMENT (a-but'ment), n. 1. Act or state of abutting. 2. Arch. Solid part, as of a pier or wall, against which an arch rests; supporting structure. 3. Mach. Fixed point from which resistance or reaction is ob- tained. ABUTTAL (a-but'al), n. Act or state of abutting. ABYSMAL (a-biz'mal), a. Bottomless; unend- ing. [O. Fr. abisme. — 31. L. abyssimus. See ABYSS.] ABYSS (a-bis'), n. Bottom- less gulf; vast depth or cavern. [Gr. a priv. (with- out), and byssos, bottom.] SYN. Chasm; deep; depth; gulf. ANT. Hill; mount; summit. Abyssinia (ab-i-sin'ia), n. 3Ionarchy in Eastern Afri- ca. Area 200,000 sq. m. Abyssinian (ab-i-sin'i-an) I. a. Of or pertaining to Abyssinia, a country of N. E. Africa. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Abyssinia. AC-, prefix. Assimilated form of ad- [before c and q. Menelek II., Em- peror of Abyssinia. Born 1843. Acacia (Acacia Arabica). In -AC, suffix. Pertaining to; having the quality of, as maniac, one who has mania. [ L. -acus — Gr. -akos.] ACACIA (a-ka'shi-a), n. 1. Genus of thorny flowery plants with pinnate leaves. 2. [a-] Plant of this genus. [Gr. akakia — ake, point.] ACADE3IIC (ak-a-dem'ik), n. 1. Platonic philosopher. 2. [a-] 3Iember of an academy. ACADEMIC (ak-a-dem'ik), ACADEMICAL (ak-a-dem'- ik-al), a. Relating to an academy. ACADE3IICALLY (ak-a-dem'i-kal-i), adv. an academic manner; scholarly. ACADE3IICALS (ak-a-dem'i-kalz), n.pl. Dress prescribed by an academy, college, univer- sity, or other institution of learning. ACADEMICIAN (ak-ad-e-mish'an), n. Mem- ber of an academy. ACADE3IY (a-kad'e-mi), n . 1. Originally, the school of Plato. 2. [a-] Society of artists, or men of letters. 3. [a-] Intermediate school. [Gr. akademia, the garden where Plato taught.] ACANTHUS (a-kan'thus,) n. 1. Prickly plant, bear's breach. 2. In architect- ure, an ornament re- sembling its leaf. [Gr. ake, point, and anthos, a flower.] A CAPELLA (a ka-pel'-ii). Music. In church style, without accompaniment. [It.] ACARDIAC (a-kar'di-ak), a. Without a heart. [Gr. a priv. and kardia, heart.] ACAULESCENCE (ak-a-les'ens), n. Bot. absence of the aerial stem or aulis. ACCEDE (ak-sed), vi. [pr.p. ACCE'DING; p.t. and p.p. ACCE'DED.] 1. Agree; assent. 2. Come in possession; attain. [L. ad, to, and ccdo, go.] ACCELERANDO (a-cha-la-ran'do), adv. Music. Hastening the movement. [It.] ACCELERATE (ak-sel'er-at), v. [pr.p. ACCEL'- ERATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCELERATED.] I. vt. Increase the speed of ; hasten the prog- ress of. II. vi. 3Iove more rapidly. [L. ad, to, and celer, swift.] SYN. Hasten; hurry; expedite; speed; quicken; dispatch. ANT. Delay; ob- struct; impede; hinder. ACCELERATION (ak-sel-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of accelerating; increase of speed. 2. Phys. Rate of increase of velocity per unit of time.' ACCELERATIVE (ak-sel'er-a-tiv), a. Tending to accelerate; acceleratory. Acanthus (Acanthus Spinosus) . The fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn u=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ACCELERATOR ACCLIVITY ACCELERATOR (ak-sel'er-a-tur), n. Any agent or device that accelerates motion. ACCELERATORY (ak-sel'er-a-to-ri), a. Ac- celerative. ACCENT (ak'sent), n. 1. Modulation of the voice. 2. Stress on a syllable or word. 3. Mark used to indicate this stress. 4. Peculiar Intonation of speech, as foreign accent. 5. Music. Strain which occurs at regular inter- vals of time. 6. [pi.] Words. [L. accentus; from ad, to, and cano, sing.] ACCENT (ak-senf), vt. [pr.p. ACCENT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ACCENT 'ED.] Express or note the accent. ACCENTUAL (ak-sen'tu-al), a. Pertaining to accent. ACCENTUATE (ak-sen'tu-at), vt. [pr.p. AC- CENTUATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCENTU- ATED.] 1. Mark or pronounce with accent. 2. Give prominence to. ACCENTUATION (ak-sen-tu-a'shun), n. Act or result of accentuating. ACCEPT (ak-sepf), vt. [pr.p. ACCEP'TING; p.p. ACCEP'TED.] 1. Receive when offered. 2. Agree to. 3. Promise to pay. [L. ad, to, and capio, take.] SYN. Take; admit; accede to; assent to; accommodate one's self to; listen to; grant; approve. ANT. Refuse; decline; reject; disown; disavow; ignore; repudiate. ACCEPTABILITY (ak-sept-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being acceptable. ACCEPTABLE (ak-sept'a-bl), a. Such as to be accepted; pleasing; agreeable. ACCEPTABLENESS (ak-sept'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being acceptable. ACCEPTABLY (ak-sept'a-bli), adv. In an ac- ceptable or pleasing manner. ACCEPTANCE (ak-sept'ans), n . 1. Favorable reception. 2. Agreeing to terms. 3. Ac- cepted bill. ACCEPTATION (ak-sep-ta'shun), n. 1. Re- ceived meaning of a word. 2. Reception, coupled with approbation. ACCEPTER (ak-sept'er), ACCEPTOR (ak-sepf- iir), n. One who accepts. ACCESS (ak'ses or ak-ses'), n. 1. Admission to a place or person; approach; passage. 2. Addition; increase. [See ACCEDE.] ACCESSARY (ak-ses'a-ri). Same as ACCESSORY. ACCESSIBLE (ak-ses'i-bl), a. That may be approached. ACCESSIBILITY (ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being accessible. ACCESSIBLY (ak-ses'i-bli), adv. In an ac- cessible manner. ACCESSION (ak-sesh'un), n. 1. Addition. 2. That which is added. 3. Attainment. 4. Assent. 5. Med. Approach of a disease. ACCESSORY (ak-ses'6-ri), I. n. [pi. ACCES'- SORIES.] Abetter; accomplice; subordinate part. II. a. Contributing; aiding; abetting. [Same as ACCESSARY.] [See ACCEDE.] SYN. Auxiliary; ally; accomplice; con- federate; abettor; coadjutor; pal. ANT. Opponent; adversary; disputant; rival. ACCIACCATURA (ach-yak-ka-to'ra), n. Music I. Grace note one-half step below a principal note. 2. Short appoggiatura. [It.] ACCIDENCE (ak'sl-dens), n. 1. The part of grammar treating of the inflections of words (because these changes are "accidentals" of words and not "essentials"). 2. The rudi- ments of grammar or of any science or art. [See ACCIDENT.] ACCIDENT (ak'si-dent), n. 1. Undesigned, unforeseen, or unexpected occurrence, espe- cially if it be calamitous; chance happening; casualty. 2. Unessential quality or prop- erty. 3. Gram. Inflection, as of number, gender, or case. [L. ad, to, and cado, fall.] SYN. Misfortune; mishap; misadven- ture; contingency; hazard; chance. ANT. Fate; decree; plan; appointment. ACCIDENTAL (ak-si-den'tal), I. a. 1. Hap- pening by chance. 2. Not essential. II. n. A non-essential feature or property. ACCIDENTALLY (ak-si-den'tal-i), adv. In an accidental manner; by accident. ACCIPITER (ak-sip'i-ter), n. 1. Zool. One of the Accipitres; bird of prey. 2. Surg. Facial bandage with claw-shaped tails. [L. from accipio, seize.] ACCIPITRAL (ak-sip'i-tral), a. Like a bird of prey; hawk-like. ACCIPITRES (ak-sip'i-trez), n.pl. Zool. Birds of prey; Raptores. [L. pi. of accipiter.] ACCLAIM (ak-klam'), v. [pr.p. ACCLAIM 'ING; p.t. and p.p. ACCLAIMED (ak-klamd').] I. vt. Applaud. II. vi. Shout applause. [L. ad, to, and clamo, shout.] ACCLAMATION (ak-kia-ma'shun), n. 1. Shout of applause. 2. Formal, viva voce vote of approval; unanimous shout. SYN. Applause; plaudit; exultation; approbation. ANT. Derision; hissing; disapprobation; censure; denunciation. ACCLAMATORY (ak-klam'a-to-ri), a. Express- ing approval by acclamation. ACCLIMATABLE (ak-kli'ma-ta-bl), a. Capable of being acclimated. ACCLIMATE (ak-kli'mat), vt. [pr.p. ACCLI'- MATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCLI 'MATED.] Inure to a new climate. [L. ad, to, and CLIMATE.] ACCLIMATION (ak-kli-ma'shun), n. Process of acclimating; state of being acclimated. ACCLIMATIZATION (ak-kli-ma-ti-za'shun), n. Process of acclimatizing. ACCLIMATIZE (ak-kli'ma-tiz), v. [pr.p. AC- CLI 'MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ACCLIMA- TIZED (ak-kli'ma-tizd).] I. vt. Acclimate. II. vi. Become acclimated. ACCLIVITY (ak-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. ACCLIVI- TIES.] Upward slope. [L. ad, to, and clivus, slope.] tfito, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m6, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5Ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. > ACCLIVOUS ACCRESCENT Accolade. Af- ACCLIVOUS (ak-kli'vus), a. Sloping upward; steep. ACCOLADE (ak'6-lad), n. Arch. Curved ornamen- tal molding. ACCOMMODATE (ak- kom'o-dat), vt. [pr.p. ACCOMMODATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOM '- MODATED.] 1. Comply with the wishes of; oblige. 2. Adapt; adjust; make suitable. 3. Sup- ply; make provision for. [L. ad, to, and commodo, adapt.] ACCOMMODATING (ak-kom'o-da-ting), fording accommodation; obliging. ACCOMMODATION (ak-kom-o-da'shun), n. 1. Fitness; adjustment. 2. Provision of con- venience. 3. Loan of money. ACCOMMODATIVE (ak-kom'o-da-tiv), a. 1. Disposed to accommodate. 2. Supplying ac- commodation. ACCOMPANIMENT (ak-kum'pa-ni-ment), n. 1. That which accompanies, or attends. 3. Music. Instrumental part accompanying vo- cal part or parts; subsidiary instrumental part. ACCOMPANIST (ak-kum'pa-nist), n. Music. Person who takes the subordinate part; one who plays the accompaniment. ACCOMPANY (ak-kum'pa-ni), v. [pr.p. AC- COMPANYING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOMPA- NIED (ak-kum'pa-nid).] I. vt. 1. Go along with. 2. Attend upon. 3. Be associated with. 4. Music. Perform the accompaniment. II. vi. Play the accompaniment. [Fr. accom- pagner. See COMPANY.] SYN. Escort; convoy; follow. ANT. Avoid; eschew; desert; leave; abandon. ACC03IPLICE (ak-kom'plis), n. Associate in crime. [L. ad, to, and complex, -ids, joined.] ACCOMPLISH (ak-kom'plish), vt. [pr.p. AC- COMPLISHING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOM- PLISHED (ak-kom'plisht) .] Perform, or effect ; fulfill. [L. ad, to, and compleo, fill up.] SYN. Achieve; effect; execute; per- form; complete; consummate; fulfill; realize. ANT. Fail; miss; baffle; frus- trate; ruin; collapse; founder; succumb. ACCOMPLISHED (ak-kom'plisht), a. 1. Com- pleted. 2. Having accomplishments. ACCOMPLISHMENT (ak-kom'plish-ment), n. I. Full performance of an undertaking; com- pletion. 2. Ornamental acquirement. ACCORD (ak-kard'), v. [pr.p. ACCORDING; p.t. and p.p. ACCORD'ED.] I. vt. Grant. II. I I. Agree; be in correspondence; harmonize. [L. ad, to, and cor, cordis, heart.] SYN. Concede; give; reconcile; corre- spond; tally. ANT. Deny; withhold; differ; disagree; vary; clash; dissent; contro- vert. ACCORD (ak-kard'), n. 1. Agreement; har- Accordion. mony. 2. Spontaneous action, as in the phrase "own accord.** ACCORDANCE (ak-kar'dans), n . Agreement; conformity; harmony; concord; sympathy. ACCORDANT (ak-kar'dant), a. Agreeing; cor- responding; in harmony. ACCORDING ( ak-kard 'ing), a. In accordance; agreeing. — According as, in proportion as. — According to, in accordance with, or agree- ably to. ACCORDINGLY (ak-kar'ding-li), adt'. 1. Suit- ably; agreeably. 2. In assent. ACCORDION (ak- kar'di-un), n. Port- able musical reed instrument, played with bellows and ' keys. [From AC- CORD.] ACCOST (ak-kosf), vt. [pr. p. ACCOST'- ING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOST'ED.] 1. Speak to first; ad- dress. 2. Approach; come face to face with; make up to. [L. ad, to, and costa, side.] ACCOUCHEMENT (ak-koch'ment. Fr. pron. ak-kosh-mong'), n. Delivery in child-bed. [Fr.] ACCOUCHEUR (ak-ko-shur'), n. [fern. ACCOU- CHEUSE (ak-ko-shuz').] Obstetrician. [Fr.] ACCOUNT (ak-kownt), v. [pr.p. ACCOUNTING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOUNT'ED.] I. vt. Reckon as; assign for; compute; explain. II. vi. 1. Furnish an accounting. 2. Assign a reason (for). [Fr. accompte — L. ad, to, com, together, and uto, reckon.] ACCOUNT (ak-kownf), n. 1. Computation; reckoning. 2. Statement; record; narrative. 3. Value; consideration. 4. Sake; behalf. ACCOUNTABILITY (ak-kownt-a-bil'i-ti), n. State or quality of being accountable. ACCOUNTABLE (ak-kownt'a-bl), a. 1. Liable to be called to account. 2. Explainable. ACCOUNTABLENESS (ak-kownt'a-bl-nes), n. Accountability. ACCOUNTABLY (ak-kownt'a-bli), adv. In an accountable manner. ACCOUNTANT (ak-kownt'ant), n. One who keeps accounts; one skilled in accounts. ACCOUTER, ACCOUTRE (ak-ko'ter), vt. [pr.p. ACCOUT'ERING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOUT- ERED (ak-ko'terd).] Furnish military dress and trappings ; equip. [Fr. accoutrer — of doubt- ful origin,] ACCOUTERMENT, ACCOUTREMENT (ak-ko'- ter-ment), n. 1. Equipment. 2. [pi.] Mil. Equipments of a soldier except arms and clothing. ACCREDIT (ak-kred'it), vt. [pr.p. ACCREDIT- ING; p.t. and p.p. ACCREDITED.] Give credit, trust, honor or authority to. [L. ad, to, and credo, trust. See CREDIT.] ACCRESCENT (ak-kres'ent), a. Bot. Increas- fate, fat, task, far, fall. fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit: n6te, not, m5ve, wolf; ii=« in Scotch ffude; oil, owl, then, kh—ch in Scotch loch. mfifce, hut, burn, ACCRETION ACETYL ing in size after flowering, as with the calyx and corolla. ACCRETION (ak-kre'shun), n. Act of grow- ing; increase. [L. ad, to, and cresco, grow.] ACCRUE (ak-kro'), vi. [pr.p. ACCRU'ING; p.t. and p.p. ACCRUED (ak-krod').] 1. Come as a natural result or increment. 2. Arise as an addition or increase; accumulate. [L. ad, to, and cresco, grow.] ACCUSATION (ak-ku-ba'shun), n. Ancient custom of reclining &t meals. ACCUMBENT (ak-kum'bent), a. 1. Lying down or reclining on a couch. 2. Bot. Lying against. [L. ad, to, and cumbo, lie.] ACCUMULATE (ak-ku'mu-lat), v. [pr.p. AC- CUMULATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCUMU- LATED.] I. vt. Heap or pile up; amass. II. vi. Increase greatly, as of profits, wealth, etc. [L. ad, to, and cumulus, a heap.] ACCUMULATION (ak-ku-mu -la/shun), n. 1. Process of accumulating. 2. That which is ac- cumulated. 3. Growth by continued addition. ACCUMULATIVE (ak-ku'mu-la-tiv), a. Tend- ing to accumulate. ACCUMULATOR (ak-ku'mu-la-tur), n. 1. One who or that which accu- mulates. Blec. 2. An electric storage battery. ACCURACY (ak'u- ra-si), n. Quality or state of being accurate ; exact- ness. ACCURATE (ak'u-rat), with care. [L. ad, to, and cura, care.] SYN. Correct; precise. ANT. Erron- eous; wrong. ACCURATELY (ak'-u-rat-li), adv. With ac- curacy. ACCURATENESS (ak'u-rat-nes), n. Accuracy; exactness; precision; veracity; authenticity. ACCURSE (ak-kiirs'), vt. [pr.p. ACCUR'SING; p.t. and p.p. ACCURSED (ak-k&rst').] Pro- nounce a curse upon; curse. [A. S. a- intens. and cursian, curse.] ACCURSED (ak-kur'sed), a. Subjected to a curse; doomed; extremely wicked; execrable. ACCUSATION (ak-ku-sa'shun), n. 1. Act of accusing or state of being accused. 2. That of which one is accused; charge. ACCUSATIVE (ak-ku'za-tiv), I. a. Accusing. II. n. Oram. The case of a noun on which the action of a verb falls (in English, the ob- jective). ACCUSATORY (ak-ku'sa-td-ri), a. Involving an accusation; embodying a charge* ACCUSE (ak-kflz'), vt. [pr.p. ACCU'SING; p.t. and p.p. ACCUSED (ak-kuzd').] 1. Charge with misconduct or wrong-doing. 2. Find fault with; blame. 3. Law. Make a charge of Accumulator. Very exact; done crime against. [L. accuso; from ad, to, and causa, cause.] SYN. Censure; reproach; arraign; in- dict; impeach. ANT. Acquit; exonerate; absolve; exculpate; justify; discharge. ACCUSED (ak-kuzd'), I. a. Charged with wrong-doing. II. n. Person charged with an offense. ACCUSER (ak-ku'zer), n. One who accuses. ACCUSTOM (ak-kus'tum), vt. [pr.p. ACCUS'- TOMING; p.t. and p.p. ACCUSTOMED (ak- kus'tumd).] Make familiar by custom. [See CUSTOM.] ACE (as), n. One-spot of cards and dice; unit. [L. as, unit — as, Tarentine Doric form of Gr. heis, one.] -ACEOUS (a-shus), suffix. Having the quality of, as herbaceous. [L. -aceus.] ACEPHALOUS (a-sef'a-lus), a. Having no dis- tinct head; headless. [Gr. akephalos; a priv., and kephalos, head.] ACERBITY (a-ser'bi-ti), n. [pi. ACERBITIES (a-ser'bi-tiz).] Sourness; harshness; bitter- n-ess; severity. [L. acerbus, harsh to the taste.] ACEROSE (as'e-roz), a. Bot. Needle-shaped. [L. acerosis; from acus, aceris, chaff.] ACESCENCE (a-ses'ens), ACESCENC Y(a-ses'en- si), n. State or quality of being acescent. ACESCENT (a-ses'ent), a. Tending to acidity; turning sour. [L. acescens.] AcESTES (a-ses'tez),n. Greek Myth. A Sicilian king who assisted Priam in the Trojan war and entertained .Eneas. ACETABULUM (as-e-tab'u-lum), n. Bot. Cup- shaped receptacle of different fungi; fructifi- cation of lichens. [L. acetabulum, cup-shaped vessel.] ACETANILID, ACETANILIDE (as-e-tan'i-lid), n. Whitish powder with pungent taste, used in medicine as an antipyretic; also called ANTIFEBRIN. [ACETYL and ANILID.] ACETATE (as'e-tat), n. Salt of acetic acid. ACETIC (a-set'ik), a. Of or like vinegar; sour. [L. acetum, vinegar.] ACETIFICATION (a-set-i-fl-ka'shun), n. Proc- ess of making sour, or converting into vinegar. ACETIFY (a-set'i-fi), v. [pr.p. ACET'IFYING; p.t. and p.p. ACETIFIED (a-set'i-fid).] I. vt. Make sour; convert into vinegar. II. vi. Become changed into vinegar. ACETIMETER (as-e-tim'e-ter), n. Instrument for ascertaining the amount or strength of acetic acid or vinegar. [L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. metron, measure.] ACETONE (as'e-ton), n. Chemical reagent- solvent, used in the manufacture of iodoform, chloral, and chloroform. [See ACETIC] ACETOUS (as'e-tus), a. Possessing the quality of vinegar; sour. ACETYL(as'e-tiI),n. Chem. Monatomic radical (C 3 H 3 0) supposed to exist in acetic acid. [L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. hyU, substance.] fife, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. > ACETYLENE 10 ACOUPHONE Acetylene Burner. ACETYLENE (a-set'i-lGn), n. Illuminating gas ob- tained by the action of water on calcium-car- bide. AcHiEUS (a-ke'us), n. Greek Myth. A king of Lydia, hung for extortion, son of Xuthus. Achates (a-ka'tez), n . Greek Myth. Faithful companion and friend of ^Eneas and usually termed "fldus Achates." ACHE (ak),«i. [pr.p. ACH'ING; p.U and p.p. ACHED (akt).] Suffer pain; be in pain. [A. S. acan, ache.] ACHE (ak), n. Pain or distress, especially if pro- tracted. ACHENIUM (a-ke"'nl-um), n . Bot. An inde- hiscent, dry pericarp, free from its one seed, tipped with the remnants of the style, as in the buttercup. ACHERON (ak'e-ron), n. Greek Myth. Son of Ceres who was punished by being turned into a river of Hades bearing his name, over which departed souls were ferried. ACHIE VABLE (a-chev'a-bl), a. Capable of being achieved. ACHIEVE (a-chev'), vt. [pr.p. ACHIEVING; p.t. and p.p. ACHIEVED (a-chevd').] Perform; accomplish; gain; win. [Fr. achever.] ACHIEVEMENT (a-chgv'ment), n. 1. Act of achieving. 2. That which is achieved; note- worthy performance. 3. Escutcheon. ACHILLES (a-kil'ez), n. Greek Myth. Greek hero in the Trojan war; chief character of Homer's Iliad; son of Peleus, king of Thessa- ly; his mother, Thetis, plunged him, when an Infant, into the Stygian pool, which made him invulnerable, but the heel by which he was held was not wetted; he was shot with an arrow in the heel by Paris, at the siege of Troy, and died of his wound. ACHROMATIC (ak-ro-mat'ik), a. 1. Trans- mitting colorless light, as a lens. 2. Biol. Not absorbing color from other substances. [Gr. a- priv. and chroma, color.] ACHROMATICITY (ak-r6-ma-tis'l-ti), ACHRO- MATISM (a-kro'ma-tizm), n. State of being achromatic. ACICULA (a-sik'u-la), n. [pi. ACICUL^E (a-sik'- u-le).] 1. Zool. Slender spine or needle-like process. 2. Bot. Bristle-like flower of grass. 3. Cryst. Needle-shaped crystal. [L. aclcala, fem. diminutive of acus, needle.] ACICULAR (a-sik'u-lar), a . Needle-shaped. ACICULATE (a-sik'u-lat), ACICULATED (a- sik'u-la-ted), a. In the form of a needle; acicular. ACID (as'ld), I. o. Sharp to the taste; sour. II. n. 1. Sour substance. 2. Substance that will unite with a base to form a salt. [L. aceo, be sour.] ACIDIFIABLE (a-sid'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of being rendered acid. ACIDIFICATION (a-sid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act or process of rendering acid; state of being acidified. ACIDIFY (a-sid'i-fl), v. [pr.p. ACID'DJYING; p.t. and p.p. ACIDD7IED (a-sid'i-fid).] I. vt. Convert into acid ; render acid or sour. II. vi. Become acid or sour. ACIDIMETER (as-i-dim'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring the strength of acids. [ACID and METER.] ACIDITY (a-sid'i-ti), n. Quality of being acid or sour. ACIDULATE (a-sid'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. ACID'U- LATING; p.t. and p.p. ACID'ULATED.] Make slightly acid. ACIDULOUS (a-sid'u-lus), a. 1. Slightly sour. 2. Sour-tempered. -ACIOUS, suffix. Full of; characterized by, as pertinacious. [L. -ax, -acts.] AciS (a'sis), n. Greek Myth. Son of Faunus and Symaethis, beloved by Galatea and killed by his unsuccessful rival Polyphemus. ACKNOWLEDGE (ak-nol'ej), vt. [pr.p. AC- KNOWLEDGING; p.t. and p.p. ACKNOWL- EDGED (ak-nol'ejd).] 1. Recognize as a fact or truth. 2. Recognize as valid. 3. Report the receipt of. 4. Law. Certify under oath. SYN. Admit; concede; confess; indorse; own; avow; ANT. Deny; disavow; dis- claim; repudiate. ACKNOWLEDGMENT (ak-nol'ej-ment), n. 1. Act of acknowledging. 2. Law. Declaration of an act, under oath, made before an official legally empowered to receive the same. 3. Token or sign whereby something is acknowl- edged; certificate of admission or confession. SYN. Avowal; recognition; confession; certificate; voucher. ANT. Denial. ACME (ak'me), n. Top or highest point; crisis, as of a disease; perfection; climax. [Gr. akme, point.] ACOLYTE (ak'o-lit), n. 1. Eccl. Assistant at the altar. 2. Novice. [Gr. akolouthos, follower.] ACONITE (ak'o-nlt), n. Poison- ous plant, wolf's bane or monk's hood; poison from it. [L. aco- nitum — Gr. akoniton.] ACORN (a'karn), n. Seed or fruit of the oak. [A. S. cecer, a field. See ACRE.] ACOTYLEDON (a-kot-i-le'don), n. Bot. Plant whose seed has no cotyledons or seed-lobes. [See COTYLEDON.] ACOULATION (ak-o-lashun), n. Act or process of using the acouphone. ACOUPHONE (a-ko'fon), n. A telephonic mi- crophone used for reproducing and intensify- ing sound at a distance. [Gr. akouo, hear, and phone, sound.] Aconite (Aco~ nitum napellua). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fftra, above; m8, met, h@r; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, Q=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, them, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. ACOUSTIC 11 ACT ACOUSTIC (a-ko'stik or a-kow'-stik), a. 1. Pertaining to the sense of hearing or to the theory of sounds. 2. Pertaining to sound. 3. [Designed to facilitate hearing. [Gr. akoustikos, akouo, hear.] ACOUSTICON (a-ko'sti-kon), n. Electrical device designed as an aid to hearing, for use of persons partially deaf. ACOUSTICS (a-ko'stiks or a-kow'stiks), n. Science of the phenomena and laws of sound. ACQUAINT (ak-kwanf), vt. 1. Cause one to know. 2. Make (one's self) familiar. [L. ad, to, co- (cum), with, and gnosco, know.] ACQUAINTANCE (ak-kwan'tans), n. 1. Fa- miliar knowledge. 2. Reciprocal knowledge. 3. Person or persons with whom one is ac* quainted; person slightly known to one. SYN. Familiarity; intimacy; friendship; fellowship; companionship; experience; comrade; companion; friend; associate. ANT. Unfamiliarity; inexperience; igno- rance; alienation; estrangement. ACQUAINTANCESHIP (ak-kwant'ans-ship), n. State of being acquainted. ACQUIESCE (ak-kwi-es'), vt. [pr.p. ACQUIES'- CING; p.t. and p.p. ACQUIESCED (ak-kwi- est').] Assent to; accept tacitly or formally. [L. ad, to, and quies, rest.] SYN. See AGREE. ACQUIESCENCE (ak-kwi-es'ens), n. Act or state of acquiescing; passive compliance. ACQUIESCENT (ak-kwi-es'ent), a. Quietly sub- missive; compliant; acquiescing. ACQUIRABLE (ak-kwira-bl), a. Capable of being acquired; attainable. ACQUIRE (ak-kwir'), vt. [pr.p. ACQUIRING; p.t. and p.p. ACQUIRED (ak-kwird').] Ob- tain, especially by exertion; gain. [L. acquiro; from ad, to, and qucero, seek.] SYN. Earn; attain; obtain; get; win. ANT. Lose; miss; forego. ACQUIREMENT (ak-kwir'ment), n. 1. Act of acquiring. 2. That which is acquired, espe- cially a power, physical or mental. ACQUISITION (ak-kwi-zish'un), n. 1. Act of acquiring. 2. That which is acquired; at- tainment; procuration; obtainment. ACQUISITIVE (ak-kwiz'i-tiv), a. Desirous of acquiring. [L. ad, to, and qucero, seek.] ACQUISITIVELY (ak-kwiz'i-tiv-li), adv. In an acquisitive manner. ACQUISITIVENESS (ak-kwiz'i-tiv-nes), n. Propensity to acquire. ACQUIT (ak-kwif), vt. [pr.p. ACQUITTING; p.t. and p.p. ACQUIT'TED.] 1. Pronounce one innocent of a crime, sin, or fault. 2. Set free from obligation. 3. Discharge the trust imposed in one; perform one's part. [L. ad, to, and quieto, settle.] SYN. Pardon; clear; absolve; exonerate; vindicate. ANT. Convict; impeach; im- plicate; condemn. ACQUITTAL (ak-kwit'al), ». 1. Act of acquit- 3. Per- or ting. 2. State of being acquitted, formance. ACQUITTANCE (ak-kwit'ans), n. Release discharge; reeeipt in full. ACRE (a'kSr), n. Tract of land containing 160 square rods or perches, or 4,840 square yards. It formerly signified any field, whatever its superficial area. [A. S. cecer, field.] ACREAGE (5'ker-aj), n. Area in acres; quan- tity of land. ACRID (ak'rid), a. Biting to the taste; pungent; bitter. [L. acer, acris, sharp.] ACRIDITY (a-krid'i-ti), n. Quality of being acrid; acridness. ACRIDLY (ak'rid-li), adv. In an acrid manner. ACRIDNESS (ak'rid-nes), n. Acridity. ACRIMONIOUS (ak-ri-mo'ni-us), a. Sharp; bitter; sarcastic. ACRIMONIOUSLY (ak-ri-mo'ni-us-li), adv. In an acrimonious manner. ACRIMONIOUSNESS (ak-ri-mo'ni-us-nes), n. Acrimony. ACRIMONY (ak'ri-mo-ni), n. [pi. ACRIMO- NIES.] Bitterness of feeling or language. [L. acrimonia, pungency; from acer, sharp.] SYN. Acerbity; asperity; tartness; vir- ulence. ANT. Gentleness; kindness; cour- tesy; politeness; suavity. ACRISIUS (a-kris'i-us), n. Greek Myth. King of Argos and father of Danse. ACRO-, prefix. Situation or occurrence at the top. [Gr. akros, topmost, tip.] ACROBAT (ak'ro-bat), n. Rope dancer; trapeze- performer; tumbler; vaulter. [Gr. akrobatos, walking on tiptoe.] ACROBATIC (ak-ro-bat'ik), a. Of or pertaining to an acrobat or his performances. ACROBATICALLY (ak-ro-bat'Ik-al-i), adv. After the manner of an acrobat. ACROGEN (ak'ro-Jen), n. Bot. Plant that grows at the apex only. [Gr. akros, topmost, and gennao, produce.] ACRONYCH (a-kron'ik), kron'ik-kal), a. Astron. setting at sunrise. [Gr. akronychos, at night- fall; from, akros, tip, and nyx, night.] ACROPOLIS (a-krop'o-lis), n. Citadel, espe- cially of Athens. [Gr. akropolis, from akros, the highest, and polls, city.] ACROSS (a-kras'), I. prep. Crosswise of; from side to side of. II. adv. Crosswise; from one side to the other. [A- and CROSS.] ACROSTIC (a-kros'tik), I. n . Composition in verse in which the first or last or certain other letters of the lines, taken in order, form a name or sentence. II. a. Pertaining to or con- taining an acrostic. [Gr. akros, extreme, and stichos, line.] ACROTISM (ak'ro-tizm), n. Med. Absence or defect of pulse. [Gr. a priv. and krotos, stroke.] ACT (akt), v. [pr.p. ACTING; p.t. and p.p. ACTED.] l.vi. Do; perform; feign; Imitate or ACRONYCHAL (a- Rising at sunset and fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mate, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ► ACT 12 ADAPTABLENESS play the part of. II. vi. 1. Exert force or influence; produce an effect; behave; do; perform on the stage. 2. Serve in the place of another. [L. ago, actum, put in motion — Sans, aj, drive.] ACT (akt), n. 1. Something doing or done; exploit. 2. Law or decree. 3. Section of a play. ACTABLE (ak'ta-bl), a. Capable of being acted. ACT^EON (ak-te'on),n. Greek Myth. A famous Greek hunter, changed into a stag for watch- ing Diana bathing; he was devoured by his own dogs; son of Aristaeus. ACTINAL (ak'ti-nal), n. Tool. Pertaining to the side of a radiate animal which contains the mouth. ACTING (ak'ting), n. Act of performing a part, assumed or dramatic; action. ACTINIA (ak-tin'i-a), n. Zool. Animal flower; sea-anemone. [Gr. dktis and aktinos, ray.] ACTINIC (ak-tin'ik), a. Effecting chemical changes by radiant energy. ACTINISM (ak'tin-Izm), n. Chemical force of the sun's ray of light. ACTINIUM (ak-tin'i-um), n. Radio-active ele- ment recently discovered in the ore of the oxide of uranium. ACTION (ak'shun), n. 1. State or process of acting. 2. Thing done; deed. 3. Battle. 4. Lawsuit. ACTIONABLE (ak'shun-a-bl), a. Liable to or affording cause for a lawsuit. ACTIVE (ak'tiv), a. 1. That acts; energetic; busy; operative. 2. In grain, (a) Transitive. (b) Denoting the subject as acting. STN. Brisk; alert; agile; nimble; sprightly; prompt; quick; energetic; vigorous; lively; busy; diligent. ANT. Slow; inactive; indolent; sluggish. ACTIVELY (ak'tiv-li), adv. In an active manner ACTIVENESS (ak'tiv-nes), n. State or quality of being active; activity. ACTIVITY (ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. ACTIVITIES.] Vigorous operation; action. ACTOR (ak'tur), n. [few. ACTRESS (ak'tres).] 1. One who acts. 2. Stage player. ACTUAL (ak'tu-al). I. a. Real; existing in fact and now, as opposed to an imaginary or past state of things. II. n. Something actual or real. ACTUALITY (ak-tu-ali-ti), n. [pi. ACTUALI- TIES.] State or quality of being actual. ACTUALLY (ak'tu-al-i), adv. As a present fact; in fact. ACTUALNESS (ak'tu-al-nes), n. State of be- ing actual. ACTUARY (ak'tu-a-ri), it. [pi. ACTUARIES.] 1. Registrar or clerk. 2. Statistician of an Insurance company. [L. actuarius, a clerk.] ACTUATE (ak'tu-at), v. [pr.p. ACTUATING; p.t. and p.p. ACTUATED.] I. vt. Put into or incite to action; influence. II. vi. Act. SYN. Move; impel; instigate; induce; a. 1. Bot. Fur- as a rose-stem. 2. [L. aculeus, sting.] Acuteness of mind; penetration; discern- [L. actio, sharpen.] prompt; persuade; influence; animate; ln« cite; stir; urge. ANT. Deter; discourage; retard; hinder; impede; prevent; dissuade ACULEATE (a-ku'le-at), nished with prickles, Zool. Having a sting. ACUMEN (a-ku'men), n. quickness of perception; ment; discrimination. ACUMINATE (a-ku'mi-nat), ACUMINATED (a-ku'mi-na-ted), a. Tapering gradually to the tip; taper-pointed. [L. acuminatum, p.p. of acumino, sharpen.] ACUPRESSURE (ak'u-presh-ixr), n. Surg. Method of stopping hemorrhage from severed arteries, by the insertion of a needle into the flesh so as to close the artery by pressure. [L. acus, needle, and PRESSURE.] ACUPUNCTURE (ak'u-pungk-chur), n. A pricking of portions of the body with a needle for remedial purposes. [L. acus, needle, and punctura, a pricking.] ACUTE (a-kuf), a. 1. Sharp-pointed. 2. Sharp; keen; shrill; penetrating. — Acute angle, less than a right angle. — Acute disease, vio- lent and rapid disease, as opposed to chronic. [L. acutus, p.p. of acuo, sharpen.] SYN. Piercing; pointed; sharp; shrewd. ANT. Dull; blunt; obtuse. ACUTELY (a-kut'li), adv. In an acute manner. ACUTENESS (a-kut'nes), n. Quality of being acute; craftiness; sharpness; sagacity. -ACY, suffix. State or quality of, as fallacy advocacy. [L. -acia, -atio.] AD-, prefix. To, as adhere, adapt. The d be- comes assimilated to the consonant following, as in accede, a/fix, aggregate, allot, annex, approve, arrive, assign, attract. [L. ad, to.] ADAGE (ad'aj), n. Old saying; proverb. [L. adagium — ad, to, and aio, say.] SYN. Axiom; saw; aphorism; maxim. ADAGIO (a-da'jo), I. a. Music. Slow. II. adv. Slowly and with grace. III. n. Slow move- ment. [It.] ADAGISSIMO (a-da-jis'se-mo), A. and adv. Music. As slow as possible. [It.] ADAMANT (ad'a-mant), n. Supposed impene- trable or unbreakable mineral or metal. [Gr. a priv. and damao, break.] AD AM ANTE AN (ad-a-man-te'an), a. Adaman- tine; hard as adamant. ADAMANTINE (ad-a-man'tin), a. Made of or like adamant; adamantean. ADAPT (a-dapt), vt. [pr.p. ADAPT'ING; p.t, and p.p. ADAPT'ED.] Make apt or fit; ad- just; accommodate. [L. ad, to, and apto, fit.] ADAPTABILITY (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi, ADAPTABILITIES.] Quality of being adap- table or capable of adaptation. ADAPTABLE (a-dap'ta-bl), a. Capable of being adapted; adjustable; applicable. ADAPTABLENESS (a-dap'ta-bl-nes), n. Adap- tability; suitableness. fat*, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above: m8, met, her; ii-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, khsscA, in Scotch loch. ADAPTATION 13 ADHESIVELY ADAPTATION (a-dap-ta'shun), n. 1. Act or process of adapting. 2. State of being adapted. 3. Thing adapted. ADAPTER (a-dap'ter), n. 1. One who or that which adapts. 2. Phot. Device for using smaller plates in a camera intended for a certain size only. ADD (ad), v. [pr.p. AD'DING; p.t. and p.p. AD'- DED,] I. vt. Set or put together; join, as one thing" to another; sum up. II. vi. Unite two or more numbers in one sum. [L. addo — ad, to, and do, give.] SYN. Join; adjoin; attach; affix; annex; append; augment; enlarge; increase; ex- tend; subjoin. ANT. Subtract; deduct; diminish; reduce; lessen; shorten. ADDABLE (ad'a-bl), a. Capable of being added. ADDENDUM (ad-den'dum), n. [pi. ADDEN'DA.] Something added; appendix. [L. See ADD.] ADDER (ad'er), n. 1. One who adds. 2. Machine for performing arithmetical addition. ADDER (ad'- er), n. 1. European spotted viper 2. Name ap- plied to vari- ous serpents. [A. S. ncedre, an adder.] ADDIBLE (ad'i-bl) ADDICT (ad-dikf), Adder (Pelius berus). , a. Same as ADDABLE. vt. [pr.p. ADDICTING; p.t. and p.p. ADDICT'ED.] Give up to; practice habitually. [L. ad, to, and dico, declare.] ADDICTEDNESS (ad-dikt'ed-nes), n. State of being addicted. ADDICTION (ad-dik'shun), n. Addictedness; inclination; bent. ADDITION (ad-dish'un), n. Act of adding; thing added; branch of arithmetic that treats of adding numbers together. SYN. Adding; annexation; accession; increase; augmentation; enlargement; ex- tension; appendage; adjunct; increment. ANT. Abatement; curtailment; deduction; diminution; reduction; subtraction. ADDITIONAL (ad-dish'un-al), a. Being in the nature of an addition. ADDLE (ad'l), a. 1. Rendered putrid, by having been deprived of vitality, as an egg; spoiled; putrid; rotten. 2. Confused; muddled. [Originally a noun, from A. S. adela, mud.] ADDLE (ad'l), v. [pr.p. ADDLING; p.t. and p.p. ADDLED (ad'ld).] I. vt. Cause to spoil; muddle; confuse. II. vi. Become spoiled. ADDRESS (ad-dres'). vt. [pr.p. ADDRESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADDRESSED (ad-drest').] 1. Direct, as a letter. 2. Speak or write to. 3. Discourse. 4. Apply (one's self). 5. Court. [Fr. adresser. See DRESS, DIRECT.] ADDRESS (ad-dres'), n. 1. Formal communica- tion in writing. 2. Speech. 3. Dexterity; tact. 4. One's name and place of residence, etc. 5. Bearing; manners. 6. [pl.\ Atten- tions of a lover. SYN. Petition; discourse; harangue; oration; lecture; sermon; adroitness; skill; expertness; direction; superscription; de- meanor; deportment. ANT. Awkwardness; unmannerliness; boorishness. ADDUCE (ad-dus'), vt. [pr.p. ADDU'CING; p.t. and p.p. ADDUCED (ad-dust').] Bring for- ward by way of proof, cite. [L. ad, to, and duco, lead or bring.] ADDUCEABLE (ad-du'si-bl), a. Adducible. ADDUCENT (ad-du'sent), a. Drawing or bind- ing together; as, adducent muscles. ADDUCIBLE (ad-du'si-bl), a. Capable of being adduced. ADDUCT (ad-dukf), vt. [pr.p. ADDUCT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADDUCT'ED.] Draw toward a center or axis, as a muscle. [From L. adduc- tus, p.p. of adduco, bring to.] ADDUCTION (ad-duk'shun), n. Act of adduc- ing or bringing forward. ADDUCTIVE (ad-dukt'iv), o. 1. Adducing. 2. Tending to adduct. -ADE, suffix. Pertaining to. Usually implies continued action, as cannonade [Fr. -ade; from L. -as, -ad.] ADELPHOUS (a-del'fus), a. Bot. Having stamens with clustered or coherent filaments. [Gr. adelphos, brother.] ADENOID (ad'en-oid), a. Like, or pertaining to, a gland. [Gr. aden, gland.] ADENOLOGY (ad-en-ol'o-ji), n. Department of physiology that treats of glands. ADEPT (a-depf), I. a. Well skilled; proficient. II. n. One fully skilled; expert. [L. adeptus, having attained.] ADEQUACY (ad'e-kwa-si), n. State or quality of being adequate. ADEQUATE (ad'e-kwat), a. Equal to the re- quirement; fully sufficient. [L. adcequatus, p.p. of admquo, make equal.] SYN. Commensurate; sufficient. ANT. Inadequate; insufficient. ADEQUATELY (ad'e-kwat-li), adv. In an adequate manner. ADEQUATENESS (ad'e-kwat-nes), n. State or quality of being adequate. ADHERE (ad-her'), vi. [pr.p. ADHERING; p.t. and p.p. ADHERED (ad-herd').] 1. Stick fast or together; remain attached; cling. 2. Remain fixed; be devoted, as to a party or cause. [L. ad, to, and hmreo, stick.] ADHERENCE (ad-hSr'ens), n. Act or state of adhering. ADHERENT (ad-her'ent), I. a. Sticking fast. II. n. One who adheres; follower; partisan. ADHESION (ad-he'zhun), n. Act of adhering; tendency to remain attached. [See ADHERE.] ADHESIVE (ad-he'siv), a. 1. Adhering; sticky; clinging. 2. Having a tendency to adhere. ADHESIVELY (ad-hS'siv-li), adv. In an ad- hesive manner. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. > ADHESIVENESS 14 ADMINISTER ADHESIVENESS (ad-he'siv-nes), n. Quality of being adhesive. ADIEU (a-du'), I. n . [pi. ADIEUS or ADIEUX (a-duz').] Act of taking leave; word of fare- well. II. inter }. Goodby; farewell. [Fr.» from, d, to, and dleu, God. ADIPOCERE (ad-i-po-ser'), n. Soft, wax-like substance, into which animal matter, under peculiar circumstances, is converted. [L. adeps, fat, and cera, wax.] ADIPOSE (ad'i-pdz), I. a. Fatty. II. n. Fat. [L. adeps, fat.] ADIRONDACK^ (ad-i-ron'daks), n. pi. Group of mountains in N. E. New York. ADIT (adit), n. 1. Entrance or approach to a mine, especially on the level. 2. Any passage or entrance. [L. aditus, entrance; from adeo. go to.] ADJACENCY (ad-ja'sen-si), n. [pi. ADJACEN- CIES.] 1. State of lying near to. 2. Some- thing lying near. ADJACENT (ad-ja'sent), a. Lying near to; con- tiguous; adjoining. [L. ad, near, and jaceo, He.] SYN. Bordering; neighboring; proxi- mate. ANT. Detached; separate. ADJACENTLY (ad-ja'sent-li), adv. Adjoiningly. ADJECTIVAL (ad'jek-tiv-al), a. Of the nature of or pertaining to an adjective. ADJECTIVE (ad'Jek-tiv), I. n. Gram. Word used to limit, qualify or define a noun. II. a. Adjunctive to a noun. [L. ad, to, and jacio, throw.] ADJECTIVELY (ad'jek-tiv-li), adv. In the manner of an adjective. ADJOIN (ad-Join'), v. [pr.p. ADJOIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADJOINED (ad-joind).] I. vt. Lie next to; join. II. vi. Be contiguous. [L. ad, to, and jungo, join.] ADJOINING (ad-Joining), a. Adjacent; neigh- boring; next. ADJOURN (ad-jurn), v. [pr.p. ADJOURNING; p.t. and p.p. ADJOURNED (ad-Jurnd).] I. vt. Put off. II. vi. Close a meeting, session, busi- ness, etc. [L. ad, to, and diurnus, daily.] SYN. Postpone; prorogue. ANT. As- semble; finish; complete; terminate. ADJOURNMENT (ad-Jurn'ment), n. 1. Act of adjourning. 2. Period between two sessions. ADJUDGE (ad-juj'), v. [pr.p. ADJUDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADJUDGED (ad-jujd').] I. vt. Determine or award; arrive at or announce a judicial decision. II. vi. Decide; settle. [L. ad, to, and judico, judge.] SYN. Award; allot; apportion. ADJUDICATE (ad-Jo'di-kat), v. [pr.p. ADJU- DICATING; p.t. and p.p. ADJU'DICATED.] I. vt. Try and decide; adjudge. II. vi. 1. Sit in Judgment. 2. Come to a judicial decision. [See ADJUDGE.] ADJUDICATION (ad-Jo-di-ka'shun), n. 1. Act or process of adjudicating. 2. Judicial de- cision. 3. Decree In bankruptcy. ADJUNCT (ad-jungkt). I. a. Joined or added to subordinately. II. n. Something united to another, but not essentially a part of it; assistant. [L. ad, and jungo, join.] ADJUNCTION (ad-Jungk'shun), n. 1. Act of Joining. 2. Thing joined. ADJUNCTIVE (ad-jungk'tiv), a. Forming or contributing to form an adjunct. ADJUNCTIVELY (ad-jungk'tiv-11), adv. In a subordinate manner. ADJUNCTLY (ad-jungkt'li), adv. In the man- ner of an adjunct. ADJURATION (ad-Jo-ra'shun), n. 1. Act ol adjuring. 2. Charge or oath used in ad- juring. ADJURE (ad-jor'), vt. [pr.p. ADJUR'ING; p.t and p.p. ADJURED (ad-jord').] Charge on oath, solemnly. [L. ad, to, and juro, swear. ADJUST (ad-jusf), vt. [pr.p. ADJUSTING; p.t. and p.p. ADJUST'ED.] Arrange prop- erly; regulate; settle. [L. ad, to, and jus right.] SYN. Rectify; adapt; suit; fit; settle; regulate; rectify; true. ANT. Confuse; disarrange. ADJUSTABLE (ad-Just'a-bl), a. Capable of being adjusted. ADJUSTER (ad-just'er), n. One who or tha* which adjusts. ADJUSTMENT (ad-Just'ment), n. 1. Ac* process or result of adjusting. 2. Law. TI settlement of a claim. 3. Any device i adjusting. ADJUTANCY (ad' jo-tan-si), of an adjutant. ADJUTANT (ad'jo-tant), n. 1. Military officer whose duty it is to assist the commanding officer. 2. East Indian stork or crane, 5 to 6 feet high. [L. ad- jutans, pr.p. of adjuto, assist.] ADJUVANT (ad'jo-vant), I. a. Helping. II. n. Med. Ingredient added to the principal one prescribed to increase its efficiency. [L. adjuvans, pr.p. of ad- juvo; ad, to, and juvo, help.] AD LIBITUM (ad lib'i-tum). Music. As you please. [L.] ADMEASURE (ad-mezh'or) MEAS'URING; p.t. and p. (ad-mezh'ord).] Apportion. ADMEASUREMENT (ad-mezh'or-ment), n. 1 Measurement; mensuration. 2. Size; dimen sions. ADMETUS (ad-me'tus), n. Greek Myth. A kinf of Thessaly, redeemed from death by the sac- rifice of his wife, Alcestis. ADMINISTER (ad-min'is-ter), v. [pr.p. AD- Office or ra. Adjutant (Ci- conia argala). vt. [pr.p. AD* >. ADMEAS'UREE fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ADMINISTERIAL 15 ADO MIN'ISTERING; p.f. and p.p. ADMINIS- TERED (ad-min'ls-terd).] I. vt. 1. Manage, conduct. 2. Dispense, as Justice, the sacra- ments, etc. 3. Tender, as an oath. 4. Give, as medicine; supply; inflict. 5. Grant; be- stow; afford. 6. Law. Settle, as the estate of deceased person. II. vi. 1. Contribute; bring aid. 2. Act as administrator. [Fr. admin" istrer. See MINISTER.] SYN. Manage; superintend; direct; con- . trol; execute; discharge; contribute; dis- pense; supply; furnish; serve; award. ANT. i Mismanage; misconduct. ADMINISTERIAL (ad-min-is-te'ri-al), a. Re- lating to administration. 1DMINISTRABLE (ad-min'is-tra-bl), a. Cap- l able of being administered. ADMINISTRANT (ad-inin'is-trant), I. a. Man- i aging; executive. II. n. One who manages . affairs. ADMINISTRATE (ad-min'is-trat), vt. and vi. [pr.p. ADMINISTRATING; p.t. and p.p. ADMINISTRATED.] Administer. ADMINISTRATION (ad-min-is-tra'shun), n. 1. Act of administering. 2. State of being ad- ministered. 3. Administrators taken collect- ively, as the executive members of a govern- . ment; the president and his cabinet. 4. Official tenure of such administrators. ADMINISTRATIVE (ad-min'is-tra-tiv), a. Per- taining to or characterized by administration. >MINISTRATOR (ad-min-is-tra'tur), n. [fern. ADMINISTRATRIX.] 1. One who admin- isters. 2. One appointed by a court to ad- ninister the estate of a deceased person. >MINISTRATORSHIP (ad-min-is-tra'tur- ship), n. Office of an administrator, or his term of service. 3MINISTRATRIX (ad-min-is-tra'triks), n. [pi. ADMINISTRATRICES.] Female ad- ministrator. DMIRABLE (ad'ml-ra-bl), a. Worthy of be- ing admired. [See ADMIRE.] lDMIRABLENESS (ad'mi-ra-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being admirable. /ADMIRABLY (ad'mi-ra-bli), adv. In an ad- mirable manner. i ADMIRAL (ad'mi-ral), n. Naval officer of the highest rank. [Fr. amlral. from Ar. amir (ameer), a chief.] ADMIRALSHIP (ad'mi-ral-ship), n. Office or position of an admiral. ADMIRALTY (ad'mi-ral-ti), n. 1. Department . of the British government having supreme < charge of naval affairs, or the members of such department collectively. 2. [a-] Branch j;of the judiciary having cognizance of mari- . time cases. 3. [a-] Office or functions of an admiral. ADMIRATION (ad-ml-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of . admiring. 2. Wonder coupled with appro- bation. ADMIRE (ad-mir'), v. [pr.p. ADMIRING; p.t. and p.p. ADMIRED (ad-mlrd').] I. vt. Regard with esteem and approval. II. vi* Wonder. [L. ad, at, and miror, wonder.] SYN. Esteem; approve; appreciate; ex- tol; commend; respect; praise; love. ANT. Abhor; execrate; abominate; contemn; despise; dislike; decry; censure. ADMIRER (ad-mir'er), n. One who admires. ADMIRINGLY ( ad-mir 'ing-li), adv. In a man- ner showing admiration. ADMISSIBILITY (ad-mis-i-bil'i-tt), n* Qual- ity of being admissible. ADMISSIBLE (ad-mis'i-bl), a. That may be admitted or allowed. ADMISSIBLENESS (ad-mis'i-bl-nes), n. Ad- missibility. ADMISSIBLY (ad-mis'i-bli), a* In a manner to be admissible. ADMISSION (ad-mish'un), n. Act»f admitting; state of being admitted; price paid for entrance; leave to enter; concession in an argument; acknowledgment. [See ADMIT.] ADMIT (ad-mif), v. [pr.p. ADMITTING; p.t. and p.p. ADMIT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Permit to enter. 2. Accept as valid or true; concede. II. vi. 1. Be susceptible (of). 2. Give entrance. [L. ad, to, and mitto, send.] ADMITTANCE (ad-mit'ans), n. 1. Act of ad- mitting. 2. Entrance. SYN. Access; admission. ANT. Ex- clusion; debarment. ADMIX (ad-miks'), vt. [pr.p. ADMIX 'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADMIXED (ad-mikst').] Mix or mingle with. ADMIXTURE ( ad-miks tur), n. 1. Act of mixing. 2. State of being mixed. 3. That which is mixed. 4. Something added to the chief ingredient. [L. ad. to, and misceo. mix.] ADMONISH (ad-mon'ish), vt. [pr.p. ADMON'- ISHING; p.t. and p.p. ADMONISHED (ad- mon'isht).] Warn; reprove mildly; exhort. [L. ad, to, and moneo. remind.] SYN. Caution; counsel; advise; warn; forewarn. ANT. Countenance; encour- age; instigate; indorse; laud; sanction. ADMONISHER (ad-mon'ish-er), n. One who admonishes. ADMONITION (ad-md-nish'un), w. Kind re- proof; counsel; advice. ADMONITORY (ad-mon'i-to-ri), a. Serving to warn; containing admonition. ADMONITORILY (ad-mon'i-t6-ri-li), adv. Warningly. ADNASCENT (ad-nas'ent), a. Growing or adhering to something. [L. adnascens, pr.p. of adnascor* grow to or on; ad. to, and nascor. be born.] ADNATE (ad-naf), a. Attached by growth; grown together. [L. adnatus, p.p. of ad- nascor. See ADNASCENT.] ADO (a-d8'), n. Fuss; bustle. [M. E. of, and do.] /ate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. » ADOBE 10 ADULTEROUSLY ADOBE (a-do'ba), n. Sun-dried briek. [Sp.] ADOLESCENCE (ad-6-les'ens), n. Period of youth, between childhood and manhood. VDOLESCENCY (ad-6-les'en-si), n. State of growing youth; youthfulness. ADOLESCENT (ad-d-les'ent), I. a. Growing to manhood or womanhood. II. «. One growing to manhood or womanhood. [L- ad, to, and olesco, grow.] ADONIS (a-do'nis), n. Greek Myth. The beau- tiful attendant of Venus, who held her train; killed by a boar, and turned by Venus into an anemone; also said that his blood merely stained the flower. ADOPT (a-dopf), vt. [pr.p. ADOPT 'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADOPT'ED.] Receive or assume as one's own what is another's, as a child, an opinion, etc. [L. ad, to, and opto, choose.] ADOPTER (a-dopt'er), n. One who or that which adopts. ADOPTION (a-dop'shun), n. 1. Act of adopt- ing, or state of being adopted. 2. Admission; reception. 3. Acceptance. ADOPTIVE (a-dop'tiv), a. 1. Tending to adopt, or suitable for adoption. 2. Adopted. ADORABLE (a-ddr'a-bl), a. Worthy of divine honors. 2. Worthy of the utmost love and respect. ADORABLENESS (a-dor'a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being adorable. ADORABLY (a-dor'a-bli), adv. In an ador- able manner. ADORATION (ad-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of adoring or worshiping. 2. Profound venera- tion; deep love; homage. ADORE (a-dor'), v. [pr.p. ADORING; p.t. and p.p. ADORED (a-dord').] I. vt. 1. Worship with profound reverence. 2. Love or regard In the highest degree. II. vt. Offer adora- tion. [L. ad, to, and oro, speak, pray.] ADORER (a-dor'er), n. One who adores; lover; worshiper. ADORINGLY (a-dor'ing-li), adv. With pro- found reverence. ADORN (a-darn'), vt. [pr.p. ADORNING; p.t. and p.p. ADORNED (a-darnd').] Decorate; embellish; beautify; set off. [L. ad, to, and orno, decorate.] SYN. Beautify; decorate; embellish; ornament. ANT. Deface; mar; denude; deform; disfigure. ADORNING (a-darn'ing), I. a. Decorative. II. n. Adornment. ADORNINGLY (a-dain'ing-li), adv. In an adorning manner. ADORNMENT (a-darn'ment), n. 1. Act of adorning. 2. Ornament. ADOSCULATION (ad-os-ku-la'shun), n. 1. Bot. Fertilization of plants by the falling of the pollen upon them. 2. Biol. Fecunda- tion of ova by external contact only. [L. ad, to, and oseulor, kiss.] ADOWN (a-down'), prep, and adv. Towards the ground; down; downward, in spaee or time. ADRASTEIA (ad-ras-ti'a), n. Greek Myth. A Cretan nymph to whom the care of Zeus was entrusted during his infancy. ADRASTUS (a-dras'tus), n. Greek Myth. King of Argos and chief of the famed expedition of "The Seven against Thebes." ADRENAL (ad-re'nal), n. Anat. One of two small ductless glandular bodies over the kidneys. [L. ad, to, and renes, kidneys.] ADRENALIN ( ad-re 'nal-in), n. Active prin- ciple of the adrenals, used in surgery to drive away the blood from parts being operated upon. It is a powerful heart stimulant. ADRIATIC (a-dri-at'ik) SEA. Part of Med- iterranean sea, E. of Italy. 450 m. long, 100 m. wide. ADRIFT (a-driff), adv. Floating at random; moving as if driven by the wind. [A.S. pref. a, on, and drift.] ADROIT (a-droif), a. Expert with the hands; dexterous; skillful; Ingenious. [Fr. a, to, and droit, right.] ADROITLY (a-droit'li), adv. In an adroit manner. ADROITNESS (a-droit'nes), w. Quality of being adroit; dexterity; skillfulness. ADSClTITIOUS (ad-si -tish'us), a. Additional; supplemental; not essential. [L. adscltus. p.p. of adscisco, appropriate.] ADULATE (ad'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. AD'ULATING; p.t. and p.p. AD'ULATED.] Fawn upon; flatter. [L. adulor, fawn.] ADULATION (ad-u-la'shun), n. Flattery; fawn- ing; praise beyond what is merited. ADULATORY (ad'u-la-to-ri), a. Exhibiting adulation; servilely praising. ADULT (a-dulf), I. «• Grown up; mature. II. n. Grown up person. [L. adultus, p.p. of adolesco, grow up. ADULTERANT (a-dul'ter-ant), I. a. Adulterat- ing. II. n. Substance that adulterates. ADULTERATE (a-dul'ter-at), vt. [pr.p. ADUL'- TERATING; p.t. and p.p. ADULTERATED.] Make impure; lower in quality by intermix- ing. [L. adulteratus, p.p. of adultero; from ad, to, and alter, other.] ADULTERATE (a-dul'ter-at), a. Corrupted or debased by the admixture of a less valu- able substance. ADULTERATION (a-dul-ter-a'shun), n. 1. Act of adulterating. 2. Adulterated sub- stance or condition. ADULTERER (a-dul'ter-er), n. [/em. ADUL'- TERESS.] 3Ian guilty of adultery. ADULTERINE (a-dul'ter-en), a. 1. Pertaining to or resulting from adultery. 2. Spurious; adulterated. 3. Illegal. ADULTEROUS (a-dul'ter-us), a. Characterized by or originating in adultery; spurious; illicit. ADULTEROUSLY (a-dulter-us-li), adv. In an adulterous manner. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, a=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ADULTERY 17 ADVERTENCE ADULTERY (a-dul'tSr-l), n. [pi. ADUL'- TERIES.] 1. Violation of the marriage-bed. 2. Unfaithfulness to sacred vows. ADUMBRANT (ad-um'brant), a. Giving a faint shadow or resemblance of. ADUMBRATE (ad-um'brat), vt. [pr.p. ADUM- BRATING; p.t. and p.p. ADUMBRATED.] Give a faint shadow of; exhibit imperfectly; foreshadow. [L* ad, near, and umbra, shadow.] ADUMBRATION (ad-um-bra'shun), n. 1. Act of adumbrating. 2. Slight sketch. ADUNCOUS (ad-ung'kus), a. Curved inward; hooked. [L. aduncus, hook-shaped.] ADUST (a-dusf), adv. In the dust. ADUST (a-dusf), a. 1. Hot and dry; scorched. 2. Brown, as if scorched. ADVANCE (ad-vans'), v. [pr.p. ADVAN'CING; p.*. and p.p. ADVANCED (ad-vanst').] I. vt. 1. Put or move forward. 2. Promote to a higher position. 3. Promote the progress of. 4. Propose. 5. Supply beforehand; loan. II. vl. 1. Make progress; move forward. 2. Rise in rank or value, etc. [Fr. avancer — L. ab, from, and ante, before.] SYN. Proceed; approach; promote; elevate; heighten; improve; accelerate; further; forward. ANT. Retard; hinder. ADVANCE (ad-vans'), n. 1. Progress; improve- ment. 2. Promotion. 3. Rise in price. 1. Supplying of money or goods beforehand; money or goods so supplied. — In advance, In front; beforehand. ADVANCED (ad-vanst), a. 1. Moved forward. 2. In the front rank as regards progress. 3. Well up In years. ADVANCEMENT (ad-vans'ment), n. Prefer- ment; improvement; rise in value; prepay- ment; money advanced. ADVANTAGE (ad-van'taj), n. Any favorable state, condition or circumstance; superiority; gain; benefit. — Take advantage of, outwit; overreach; profit by. [Fr. avantage; from avant, before.] ADVANTAGE (ad-van'taj), v. [pr.p. ADVAN- TAGING; p.t. and p.p. ADVANTAGED (ad- van'tajd).] I. vt. Promote the interest of; benefit. II. vi. Be advantageous. [Fr. avant, before.] ADVANTAGEOUS (ad-van-tajus), a. Of ad- vantage. ADVANTAGEOUSLY (ad-van-ta'jus-Ii), adv. Profitably. ADVANTAGEOUSNESS (ad-van-ta'jus-nes), n. Quality of being advantageous. i Ad VENT (ad'vent), n. 1. The coming of Christ. 2. First ecclesiastical season. 3. [a-] Any arrival or coming, as the advent of winter. [L. adventua, arrival ; from ad, to, and venio, come.] ADVENTIST (ad'ven-tist), n. One who looks for the second coming of Christ in the near future. ADVENTITIOUS (ad-ven-tish'us), a. Accidental; not essential; out of the ordinary. ADVENTITIOUSLY (ad-ven-tlsh'us-li), adv. Ac- cidentally. ADVENTURE (ad=ven'tur) 9 n. 1. Remarkable experience. 2» Hazardous enterprise; daring feat. 3. Speculation or risk. [O. Fr. aventure, from L. adventura, things about to happen; from advenio, arrive; ad, to, and venio, come.] ADVENTURE (ad-ven'tur), v. [pr.p. ADVEN- TURING; p.t. and p.p. ADVENTURED (ad- ven'turd).] I. vt. Commit to the hazard of fortune; jeopard; risk. II. vi. Take chances; venture. ADVENTURER (ad-ven'tur-er), n. [fern. AD- VEN'TURESS.] 1. One who seeks adventures. 2. Speculator. 3. Fortune hunter. ADVENTURESOME (ad-ven'tur-sum), a. Ad- venturous. ADVENTUROUS (ad-ven'tur-us), a. 1. In- clined to seek adventures, or take risks. 2. Full of risk; hazardous. SYN. Adventuresome; speculative. ANT. Cautious; unenterprising. ADVENTUROUSLY (ad-ven'tur-us-li), adv. In an adventurous manner. ADVENTUROUSNESS (ad-ven'tur-us-nes), n. Quality of being adventurous. ADVERB (ad'verb), n. In Grammar, any word qualifying a verb, adjective or other adverb. [L. ad, to, and verbum, word.] ADVERBIAL (ad-ver'bi-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, having the character of, or used as an ad- verb. 2. Tending to use adverbs. ADVERBIALLY (ad-ver'bi-al-i), adv. As an adverb; in an adverbial manner. ADVERSARY (ad'ver-sa-ri), n. [pi. ADVER- SARIES.] 1. One who is actively hostile. 2. One who shows or feels antagonism. [See ADVERSE.] SYN. Enemy; foe; rival; competitor. ANT. Accomplice; ally; friend. ADVERSATIVE (ad-ver'sa-tiv), I. a. Noting opposition. II. n. Antithetic word. ADVERSE (ad' vers), a. 1. Acting in a con- trary direction; opposing; thwarting; unpros- perous. 2. Detrimental; inimical. 3. Law. Involving denial or refusal. [L. adversus — ad, against, and verto, versum, turn.] SYN. Antagonistic; conflicting; hostile. ANT. Friendly; amicable; auspicious. ADVERSELY (ad-vers'li), adv. In an adverse manner; inimically; oppositely. ADVERSENESS (ad-vers'nes), n. State or quality of being adverse. ADVERSITY (ad-ver'si-ti), n. Adverse fate or condition; affliction; hardship. ADVERT (ad-vert), v. [pr.p. ADVERTING; p.t. and p.p. ADVERTED.] I. vi. Turn the mind (to); refer (to). II. vt. Notice; observe. [L. averto, turn to.] SYN. Refer; mention; hint; suggest. ADVERTENCE (ad-ver'tens), ADVERTENCY (ad-ver'ten-si), n. 1. Act or habit of advert- ing. 2. Attention; heedfulness. fate, fat, task, far, all, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, > ADVERTENT 18 AERATE ADVERTENT (ad-ver'tent), a. Attentive; heed- ful; regardful. ADVERTENTLY (ad-ver'tent-li), adv. In an attentive manner. ADVERTISE (ad'ver-tiz or ad-ver-tiz'), v. [pr.p. ADVERTISING; p.t. and p.p. ADVERTISED (ad'v§r-tizd).] I. vt. 1. Give public notice of. 2. Inform the public concerning by means of newspapers, posters, circulars, etc. II. vi. Publish, post or circulate an advertisement. [Ft. averter — L. adverto ; ad, to, and verto, turn.] ADVERTISEMENT (ad-ver'tiz-ment or ad- ver-tiz 'ment), n. 1. Public notice. 2. Legal notification; notice. 3. Publicity; notoriety. ADVERTISER (ad'ver-ti-zer), n. One who, or that which, advertises. ADVICE (ad-vis'), n. 1. Counsel; opinion as to conduct. 2. Information; intelligence, mostly In the plural. [Fr. avis. See ADVISE.] ADVISABILITY (ad-viz-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being advisable. ADVISABLENESS (ad-viz'a-bl-nes), n. Ad- visability. ADVISABLY (ad-viz'a-bli), adv. Expediently. ADVTSE (ad-viz'), v. [pr.p. ADVIS'ING; p.t. and p.p. ADVISED (ad-vizd').] I. vt. Counsel; give advice to. 2. Communicate notice to. II. vi. Consult (with). [Fr. aviser; from L. advideo, advise.] ADVISED (ad-vizd), a. Done with advice or deliberation. — Ill-advised, imprudent; unfor- tunate. — Well-advised, cautious; deliberate. ADVISEDLY (ad-vi'zed-li), adv. With fore- thought or deliberation. ADVISEMENT (ad-viz'ment), n. Considera- tion; deliberation; counsel. ADVISER (ad-vi'zer), n. One who advises. ADVISORY (ad-vi'zur-i), a. 1. Having power to advise. 2. Containing advice. 3. Pertain- ing to or giving advice. [O. Fr. adviser.] ADVOCACY (ad'vo-ka-si), n. Act of pleading for; defense; active espousal. ADVOCATE (ad'v6-kat), n. 1. One who pleads for another or for a cause. 2. One who es- pouses a principle or truth. [L. advocatus, p.p. of advoco, call to.] ADVOCATE (ad'vd-kat), vt. [pr.p. ADVOCAT- ING; p.t. and p.p. ADVOCATED.] Plead in favor of; defend; vindicate. ADVOWEE (ad-vow'e), n. One who has the right of advowson. ADVOWSON (ad-vow'sun), n. Eng. Law. The right Jof patronage or presentation to a vacant benefice. [L. advocatio.] ADYNAMIA (ad-i-na'mi-a), n. Pathol. De- bility resulting [from disease. [Gr. from a priv. and dynatnis, power.] ADYNAMIC (ad-i-nam'ik), a. 1. Pathol. Per- taining to adynamia. 2. Physics. Not re- sulting from or effected by the action of forces. ADYTUM (ad'i-tum), n. [pi. ADYTA.] In- nermost shrine. [L.] Adz. ADZ, ADZE (adz), n. Car- penter's tool having a thin arched blade with Its edge at right an- gles to the handle. [A.S. adesa.] M (e or e). Latin diphthong corresponding to the Greek ai, and used chiefly in words derived from the Greek language. When fully naturalized in English the Greek ai and Latin m have now become e, as wgis, egis; ceon, eon; molian, eolian; etc. ^EaCUS (e'a-kus), n. Greek Myth. Son of Zeus and ^Egina; king of CEnopia, whose inhabit- ants were destroyed by pestilence. Zeus re- peopled the kingdom by changing all the ants in an old oak into men. At his death he was made one of the judges in Hades. ^DILE, EDILE (e'dil), n. In ancient Rome, a magistrate in charge of public buildings, roads, games, markets, etc. AEGEAN (e-je'an) SEA. Part of Mediterra- nean Sea between Greece and Asia Minor. iEGER (ej'er), n. Scand. Myth. God of the ocean. Rana was his wife. They had nine daughters clad in white, who represented the white-capped billows. /EOERIA (e-je'ri-a), n. Greek Myth. Same as EGERIA. i^GEUS (e'ji-us), n. Greek Myth. King of Athens, from whom the iEgean Sea is sup- posed to have received its name, and in which he drowned himself, believing his son Theseus was dead. i^EGIS (e'jis), n. 1. Greek Myth. Protecting mantle bearing the head of the Gorgon Medusa, given by Jupiter to Minerva. 2. [ae-] Protecting armor. i^GYPTUS (e-jip'tus), n. Greek Myth. Son of Belus. Gave his fifty sons in marriage to the fifty daughters of his brother Danaus. ^ENEAS (e-ne'as), n. Greek Myth. The subject of Virgil's -Eneid; the son of Anchises and Venus, who escaped the destruction of Troy. ^EOLIAN, EOLIAN (e-6'll-an), a. 1. Pertaining to ^Eolus, god of the winds. 2. [ae-] Borne or produced by the wind. 3. [JE-] Pertaining to .dEolus, mythical founder of /Eolia. iEoLTJS (e'6-lus), n. Greek Myth. The god of winds; represented as holding the winds confined in a cavern, and occasionally giving them liberty to blow over the world. .EON (e'on), n. Same as EON. AERATE (a'er-at), vt. [pr.p. A'ERATING; p.t. and p.p. AERATED.] Put air or gas into; charge with carbonic acid; subject the action of air. — Aerated bread, bread that has been raised by carbonic-dioxide instead of by yeast. [L. aer, air.] o, j :as to fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gudt; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. AERATION 1* AEROSTATICS AERATION (a-gr-a'shun), n. 1. Exposure to the action of air. 2. Act of charging with air or gas, 3. Physioh Oxygenation of the blood. AERATOR (a'er=a=tur), n. Apparatus for aerating. AERIAL (S-E'rl-al), a. Belonging to the air; consisting of air; produced by air; high in the air. [L. aer, air.] AERIALISM (a-e'ri-al-izm), n. Same as AERO- NAUTICS. AERIE, AERY (a'er-i), n. Nest of a bird of prey, on a lofty crag. [L. aer, air.] AERIFORM (a'er-i-farm), a. Having the form of gas. [L. aer, air.] AERIFY (a'er-i-fi), vt. [pr.p. A'ERIFYING; p.t. and p.p. AERIFIED.] 1. Combine with air or gas. 2. Convert into a gaseous form. AERO-, prefix. Pertaining to air; the air; atmosphere. [Gr. aer, air.] AEROBIA (a-er-o'bl-a), n.pl. Biol. Bacteria that cannot exist out of contact with the air. [Gr. air, air, and Mos, life.] AEROCYCLE (5'Sr-o-si-kl), n. Combination of motorcycle and aeroplane, for traveling on land or in the air. Its basic principle is the motorcycle, which Is utilized in starting and propelling it, and in controlling the aero- planes after the machine leaves the ground. Aerocycle. AERODISK (a'er-o-disk), n. Thin sheet of light metal or metal-covered wood, used to divert air currents while operating an aeroplane. AERO DO ME (aer-o-dom), n. Building for the protection and storage of an airship. [Gr. aer, air, and domos, house.] AERODROME (a'er-o-drom), n. 1. Form of aeroplane. 2. Course for trial, practice, and competition of aeroplanes. AERODR03IICS (a-er-o-drom'iks), n. Same as AVIATICS. AERODYNAMIC (a'er-o-di-nam-ik), a. Per- taining to aerodynamics. AERODYNAMICS (a'er-o-di-nam-iks), n. Scien- tific study of air movements. AEROFOIL (a'er-o-foil), n. Sustaining surface In a flying machine. AEROGRAM (a'er-o-gram), n. Message sent by wireless telegraphy. AEROLITE (S'Sr-o-lIt), n. Meteoric stone; meteorite. [Gr. air, air, and lithos, stone.] AEROLOGY (a-er-ol'o-Ji), «. Science which treats of the laws and phenomena of the atmosphere. [AERO- and -LOGY.] AEROMETER (a=er-om'e«ter), n. Instrument for measuring the tension or weight of gases. [Gr. agr, air, and metron, measure.] AERONAT (a'Sr-o-nat), n. Dirigible motor- driven balloon or airship. AERONAUT (a'er-o-nat), n. One who sails or floats in the air, as in a balloon or by means of an aeroplane. [Gr. aer, air, and nautes, sailor.] AERONAUTIC (a-er-o-natik), AERONAUTI- CAL (a-er-o-na'ti-kal), a. Pertaining to aerial navigation. AERONAUTICS (a-er-o-na'tiks), n. Science or art of navigating the air; aerial navigation by any means whatever; general term including both aerostatics and aviatics. AERONEF (a'er-o-nef), n. Any form of flying machine heavier than air; flying machine requiring no gas bag to sustain it; as, the aeroplane, aerodrome, etc. [AERO- and Fr. nef, ship.] AEROPHONE (a'er-o-fon), n. 1. Portable tube-like device to assist the hearing. 2, Instrument which amplifies sound waves, especially those of the voice. [Gr. aer, air, and phone, sound.] AEROPHORE (a'er-o-for), n. 1. Device that permits respiration under water or in smoke- charged atmosphere. 2. Appliance for coun- teracting the effect of atmospheric electricity in factories by diffusing moisture in the air. [Gr. aer, air, and pherd, bear.] AEROPHYTE (a'er-o-fit), n. Bot. Plant living in the air, unconnected with the soil, as some orchids; air-plant. phyton, plant.] AEROPLANE (a'er-o-pian), n. 1. Flying machine having power to rise or float in air without the aid of gas or rarefied air. 2. Plane used in aerostatics. AEROSCOPY (a-er-os'ko- pl), n. Observation of atmospheric conditions. [Gr. aer, air, and skoped, see.] AEROSTAT (a'er-o-stat), n. 1. Ordinary spherical bal- loon. 2. Improved form of merry-go-round. AEROSTATIC (a-er-o-staf- ik), a. 1. Pertaining to Pertaining to aeronautics [Gr. aSr, air, and "Butterfly" Aero- plane. — Upper fig- ure shows machine as seen from above, and lower from di- rectly in front. aerostation. 2. [Gr. aer, air, and statikos, relating to equilibrium.] AEROSTATICS (a-gr-o-stat'iks), n. 1. Science of the equilibrium of air or of elastic fluids. 2. Science of aerial navigation by means lighter than the air; aerostation; bal- looning. ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, xi=« in Scotch aude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. > AEROSTATION 20 AFFIRMATIVE AEROSTATION (a-er-o-sta'shun), n. Art of raising and managing balloons. AERY (a'er-i), a. 1. Airy; spiritual. 2. Lofty. ^rEsCTJLAPITJS ( es-ku-la'pi-us) n. Greek Myth. The god of medicine; a son of Apollo, phy- sician to the Argonauts. .«STHESIA, ESTHESIA (es-the'si-a), n. Bhys- lcal sensibility; feeling. [Gr. alsthesis, feeling.] AESTHETIC, ESTHETIC (es-thet'ik), a. 1. Having a sense of the beautiful. 2. Pertain- ing to the fine arts. [Gr. aisthetihos, per- ceptive.] .ESTHETIC AL, ESTHETIC AL (es-thet'i-kaD, a. ^Esthetic. AESTHETICALLY, ESTHETICALLY (es-thef- l-kal-i)» adv. In an aesthetic manner; from an artistic point of view. ESTHETICS, ESTHETICS (es-thet'iks), n. Science of beauty and taste in nature and art. /ETIOLOGY (e-ti-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Science of causes, as of physical phenomena or of diseases. 2. Rhet. The giving of a reason; a reason given. 3. Philos. Doctrine that the universe has a first cause. [Gr. aitilogia; from aitia, cause, and logos, doctrine.] AFAR (a-far'), adv. Far away. AFFABILITY (af-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being affable; condescension in manners. AFFABLE (af'a-bl), n. Condescending; of easy access and manners; courteous; complaisant. [L. ad, to, and fabilis — fari, speak.] AFFABLENESS (af'a-bl-nes), n. Affability. AFFABLY (af'a-bli), adv. In an affable manner. AFFAIR (af-far'), n. [pi. AFFAIRS (af-farz').] 1. That which is done or is to be done; business of any kind. 2. Matter of interest or concern. 3. Mil. Minor engagement; skirmish. [Fr. a, to, and faire, do.] AFFECT (af-fekf), vt. [pr.p. AFFECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFECT'ED.] 1. Act vipon; change. 2. Touch the feelings of. 3. Make a show or pretense of. 4. Be partial to; frequent. 5. Dispose. [L. ad, to, and facto, do.] SYN. Influence; impress; soften; con- cern; interest; assume; feign; pretend. AFFECTATION (af-fek-ta'shun), n. Striving after; attempt to assume what is not natural; pretense. AFFECTED (af-fekt'ed), a. 1. Full of affecta- tion. 2. Touched with emotion. 3. Disposed. AFFECTEDLY (af-fekt'ed-li), adv. In an af- fected manner. AFFECTEDNESS (af-fekt'ed-nes), n. Quality of being affected. AFFECTING (af-fekt'ing), a. Having power to move the feelings; pathetic. AFFECTION (af-fek'shun), n. 1. Act of affect- ing or state of being affected. 2. Feeling; disposition; attachment; fondness; love. 3. Attribute, quality, or property. 4. Disease; morbid state. [L. See AFFECT.] AFFECTIONATE (af-fek'shun-at), a. Full of affection; fond; loving. AFFECTIONATELY (af-fek'shun-at-li), adv. In an affectionate manner. AFFECTIVE (af-fekt'iv), a. Exciting or showing emotion. AFFERENT (af'er-ent), a. Phys* Conducting to, as the nerves that convey sensations to the nerve centers; conveying inward. [L* ad, to, and fero, carry.] AFFETTUOSO (iif-fet-to-o'zo), a. and adv. Music. With tenderness. [It.] AFFIANCE (af-fi'ans), n. 1. Confidence; trust. 2. Marriage contract; pledge of faith. [Fr. afiance; from afier, afiier, trust in.] AFFIANCE (af-fi'ans),^. [pr.p. AFFI'ANCING; p.t. and p.p. AFFIANCED (af-fi'anst).] Pledge faith; betroth. AFFIANCER (af-fi'an-ser), n. One who affiances. AFFIANT (af-fi'ant), n. One who makes an affidavit. [L. ad, to, and fides, faith.] AFFIDAVIT (af-fi-da'vit), n. Declaration in writing, sworn to before a magistrate. [L. affido, pledge one's faith.] AFFILIATE (af-fil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. AFFILIAT- ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFILIATED.] 1. Receive into a family as a son, into a society as a member, or into intimate relation. 2. Con- sort or associate with. [L. L. affllio; from L. ad, to, and filius, son.] AFFILIATION (af-fll-i-a'shun), n. 1. Act of affiliating or state of being affiliated. 2. Association (usually in the plural). AFFINITY (af-fin'i-ti), n. [pi. AFFIN'ITIES.] 1. Relationship by marriage, not by blood. 2. Inherent likeness; kinship; resemblance. 3. Supposed inherent mutual attraction between particular persons of opposite sex; also person exerting such attraction. 4. Chemical attraction. [Fr. affinite — L. affinitas, affinis, neighboring; ad, to, and finis, boundary.] AFFIRM (af-ferm'), v. [pr.p. AFFIRM'ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFIRMED (af-fermd')«] I« **• 1. Assert positively; declare to be a fact; aver. 2. Confirm or ratify. II. vi. 1. State the affirmative side; declare positively. 2. Law. Make a solemn declaration instead of an oath under judicial sanction. [Fr. affirmer; from L. affirmo; ad, to, and firmus, firm.] SYN. Asseverate; avouch; depone. ANT. Deny; dispute; negative; contradict; gainsay; oppose. AFFIRMABLE (af-ferm'a-bl), a. Capable of being affirmed. AFFIRMANCE (af-ferm'ans), n. 1. Affirma- tion. 2. Ratification. AFFIRMATION (af-fer-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of affirming; assertion. 2. Ratification. 3. Law. Solemn declaration before a magis- trate in lieu of an oath. AFFIRMATIVE (af-ferm'a-tiv), I. a. That affirms or consents; positive (as opposed to negative, which opposes or denies). II. n. Positive proposition. — In the affirmative, as- senting. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. AFFIRMATIVELY 21 AFRICANIZE AFFIRMATIVELY (af-fSrm'a-tiv-li), adv. In an affirmative manner; positively. AFFIX (af-fiks'), vt. [pr.p. AFFIX'ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFIXED (af-fikst').] Fix to; attach; append. [L. ad, to, and figo, fix.] AFFIX (af'fiks), n. Syllable or letter added to the end of a word; suffix. AFFIXTURE (af-flks'tur), n. Attachment. AFFLATION (af-fla/shun), n. 1. Act of breath- ing upon or into. 2. State of being breathed upon or into. AFFLATUS (af-fla'tus), n. 1. Inspiration. 2. Overmastering natural impulse. 3. Med, Blast of air that causes disease through ex- posure to it. [L.; from afflo, blow on; ad, to, and flo, blow.] AFFLICT (af-flikf), vt. [pr.p. AFFLICT'ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFLICT'ED.] Oppress with bodily suffering or mental distress; give pain to. [From L. afflictus, p.p. of affllgo, strike down; ad, at, and fligo, strike.] SYN. Distress; harass; hurt; torment; trouble; wound. ANT. Comfort; console. AFFLICTER (af-flikt'er), n. One who afflicts. AFFLICTION (af-flik'shun), «. 1. Act of afflict- ing, or state of being afflicted. 2. Mental or bodily distress, or that which causes it. SYN. Calamity; adversity; anguish; trial; tribulation; sorrow; grief; pain; hardship; misfortune; misery. ANT. Com- fort; consolation; alleviation; relief. AFFLICTIVE (af-flikt'iv), a. Causing afflic- tion; painful; distressing; grievous. AFFLICTIVELY (af-flikt'iv-li), adv. In an afflictive manner. AFFLUENCE (af 'lo-ens), n. Abundance of pos- sessions, especially of money. AFFLUENT (af'lo-ent), I. a. 1. Abounding in wealth. 2. Flowing to. II. n. Stream flow- ing into a river or lake. [See AFFLUX.] AFFLUENTLY (af'16-ent-li), adv. In an affluent manner. AFFLUX (af'luks), n. Flowing to; that which flows to. [L. ad, and fluo, flow.] AFFORD (af-fdrd'), vt. [pr.p. AFFORD'ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFORD'ED.] 1. Yield or pro- duce. 2. Be able to give or spend. [M. E. aforthen — A. S. gcforthian, further.] AFFRAY (af-fra'), n. Fright; disturbance; brawl. [O. Fr. affrayer, frighten.] AFFRIGHT (af-frif), vt. [pr.p. AFFRIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFRIGHT 'ED.] Impress with sudden fear. AFFRIGHT (af-frif), ». Sudden or great fear; that which inspires fear; object of dread. [See FRIGHT.] AFFRONT (af-frunt), ttf. 1. [pr.p. AFFRONT '- ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFRONTED.] Insult openly; give offense to. 2. Make ashamed; confuse. [L. ad, to, and frons, front.] SYN. Offend; provoke; wound. ANT. Please; gratify; honor. AFFRONT (af-frunf), n. Open insult; inten- Afghan. burning; tional act of disrespect; contemptuous treat- ment. SYN. Indignity; abuse; injury; outrage. ANT. Compliment; courtesy. AFFRONTIVE (af-frunt'iv), a. Containing or giving offense. AFFUSE (af-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. AFFU'SING; p.t. and p.p. AFFUSED (af-fuzd').] Pour (upon). [From L. affusus, p.p. of affundo; ad, to, and fundo, pour. See FUSE.] AFFUSION (af-fu'zhun), n. Act of pouring or sprinkling water upon the body; ablution. AFGHAN (af'gan), I. a. Be- longing to the country Af- ghanistan, a country of Asia. II. n. 1. Native of Afghanistan. 2. [a-] Sleep- ing robe or cover of knitted wool. Afghanistan (af-gan-is- tan'), n. Country N. W. of India. Area, 250,000 sq. m. AFIELD (a-feld'), adv. In, to, or on the field. AFIRE (a-fir), adv. and a. On fire; inflamed. [A-, on, and FIRE.] AFLAME (a-flam'), adv. and a. Flaming; in flames. AFLOAT (a-flof), adv. and a. Floating; at sea; unfixed. AFLOW (a-flo'), adv. and a. Flowing. AFOOT (a-fot')» adv. On foot; on the move; going on. AFORE (a-for'), prep, and adv. Before. AFOREGOING (a-for'gd-ing), a. Going before; foregoing. AFOREHAND (a-for'hand), a. Supplied in ad- vance; prepared. AFOREMENTIONED (a-for'men-shund), a. Mentioned before. AFORENAMED (a-for'namd), a. Named before. AFORESAID (a-for'sed), a. Mentioned in a preceding part; said before. AFORETHOUGHT (a-for'that), a. Planned beforehand; prepense. AFORETIME (a-for'tim), adv. At a previous time; formerly. AFOUL (a-fowl'), adv. and a. Foul; in collision. AFRAID (a-frad'), a. Struck with fear; daunted; apprehensive. [See AFFRAY.] AFRESH (a-fresh"), adv. Anew; again. AFRICAN (af'ri-kan), I. a. Pertaining to Africa. II. n. Native of Africa, or person, wherever born, who belongs ethnologically to one of the African races. Africander, Afrikander (af-ri-kan'- der), n. Person born in South Africa, but of European descent. Africanize (afri-kan-iz), vt. [pr.p. af'ri- CANIZING; p.t. and p.p. AFRICANIZED (af'ri-kan-izd).] 1. Impart negro character to. 2. Bring under African or negro rule. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. > AFRO-AMERICAN 22 AGE Afro-American (af-ro- a-mer'i-kan), I. a. Per- taining to Afro-Americans. II. n. Person oi African negro race or descent resid- ing in America; American negro. AFRONT (a-frunf), adv. 1. Face to face. 2. Abreast. AFT (aft), naut. a. and adv. Near or towards the stern. — Fore and aft, the whole Frederick Douglass, length of a ship. — Bight Afro- American, ex- aft, in a direct line with slave, reformer and ./ . r » o ^ r, 4. diplomat. Born 181 7 the stern. [A. S. aft, short -died 1895. for after, behind.] AFTER -(aft'er), a. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time. 3. More toward the stern of a vessel. [A. S. after, farther off.] AFTER (aft'er), prep. 1. Behind in place. 2. Below in rank or next in order. 3. Later than; following in time. 4. In consequence of; following. 5. In imitation of; in con- formity with. 6. In relation to; concerning; about. 7. In honor of. AFTER (aft'er), adv. Subsequently; afterward. AFTERBIRTH (aft'er-berth), n. Obstet. That which is expelled after birth of a child, in- cluding the placenta and fetal membranes. AFTERCLAP (aft'er-klap), n. Unexpected sub- sequent event. AFTERCROP (aft'er-krop), a. Second crop in the same year. AFTERDAMP (aft'er-damp), n. Choke-damp, or carbon dioxide, occurring in coal mines after an explosion of fire-damp. AFTER-DINNER (aft-er-din'er), a. Happening or done after dinner, as, an after-dinner speech. AFTERGLOW (aft'er-glo), n. Late evening twilight; glow in western sky after sunset. AFTER-IMAGE (aft'er-im-aj), n. Image of a bright object retained by the retina after the eyes have been withdrawn. AFTERMATH (aft'er-math), n. Second crop of grass in a season. [See MOW.] AFTERMOST (aft'er-most), a. Hindmost; nearest the stern of a ship. AFTERNOON aft-er-non'), n. Time between noon and evening. AFTER-PAINS (aft'er-panz), n.pl. Obstet. Pains which follow childbirth. AFTERPIECE (aft'er-pes), n. Farce or other minor piece performed after a play. AFTERTHOUGHT (aft'er-that), n. Reflection after the act. AFTERWARD (aft'er-ward), AFTERWARDS (aft'er-wardz), adv. Subsequently; later. [A. S. after, behind, and wcard, towards.] AGAIN (a-gen'), adv. 1. Once more; anew. 2. Once repeated, said of quantity. 3. In the opposite direction; back. 4. In the next place; moreover. 5. On the other hand. [A. S. ongegn, against.] AGAINST (a-genstO, prep. 1. Opposite to; in opposition to, in collision with. 2. In pro- vision for. [See AGAIN.] AGAMEMNON (ag-a-mem'non), n. Greek Myth. King of Argos. Married Clytemnestra. Brother of Menelaus, who married the famous Helen. Leader of Greeks against Troy. Mur- dered by his wife as he came from his bath. AG AMI (ag'a-mg), n. Zool. South- American bird re- lated to the cranes, commonly called the trumpeter from its cry. [Native name.] AGAMIC (a-gain'ik), a. 1. Biol. Pro- duced without fe- cundation. 2. Bot. Cryptogamic; ag- amous. [Gr. aga- tnos, unmarried.] AIGAMOGENESIS (ag-a-mo-jen'e-sis) n. Biol. Asexual reproduction, ding or by cell-division. [Gr. agamos, married, and genesis, origin.] AGAMOUS (ag'a-mus), a . 1. Biol, Asexual. 2. Bot. Cryptogamic. AGAPE (a-gap'), adv. and a. With wide-open mouth. AGARIC (a-gar'ik, or ag'a-rik), n. Fungus of the genus Agaricus; mushroom. AGARICUS ( a-gar'i- kus), n. Bot. Genus of fungi embracing the agarics, mushrobms or toadstools. [Gr. agarikon from Agara, in Sarmatia.] n. 1. pre- variety Small Agami ( Psophia crepitans) . as by bud- un- AGATE (ag'at), Semi-pellucid cious stone, of quartz. 2. size of type, 14 lines to an inch: Agarics. £^~The size in whioh this Jine is printed. AGAVE (a-ga've),n. Genus of plants, of which the American aloe is a species. [Gr. agauos, noble.] -AGE (aj), adjectival suffix. Forms collective nouns, as foliage, baggage: and nouns of con- dition or relation, as bondage, peerage, break- age, postage. [Fr. -age — L. -aticum.] AGE (aj), n. 1. Time during which a person or thing has lived or existed. 2. Ordinary term of life. 3. Majority or legal majority (as at 21 years). 4. Oldness; the declining years of life. 5. One of the stages of human life, as the stages of infancy, of youth, of manhood, etc. 6. Period of time; epoch; era; century: generation, etc. [Fr. — L. tetas, age.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in "Scotch gudt; oil, owl, then, kh=cft. in Scotch loch. AGE 23 AGING Ageratum (A . cony- zoidez) . AGE (aj), v. [pr.p. A'GING; p.t. and p.p. AGED (ajd).] I. vt. Cause to grow or appear old. II. vi. Grow old or appear to grow old. AGED (a'jed), I. a. 1. Advanced in years; old. 2. (ajd or a'jed). Of a certain age. II. n. pi. Old people; as, the aged. AGENCY (a'jen-si), n. [pi. AGENCIES.] 1. Operation; action. 2. Means of producing effects. 3. Office or business of an agent. SYN. Instrumentality; medium; means; management; office. AGENT (a'jent), I. a. Acting, as opposed to being acted upon or passive. II. n. 1. Person or thing that acts or produces an effect. 2. Means whereby anything is effected; factor. 3. One who acts for another. [L. agens, doing.] AGERATUM (aj-er-a'tum), n. Hot. Tropical Ameri- can plant of the aster family. AGGLOMERATE (ag- glom'er-at), v. [pr.p. AGGLOMERATING; p. t. and p.p. AGGLOMER- ATED.] I. vt. Make into a ball or mass; heap together. II. vi. Grow or collect into a mass. [L., agglomero; from ad, to, and glomus, ball.] AGGLOMERATE (ag- glom'er-at), I. a. Gathered into a ball or mass. II. n. Mass growing or heaped together. AGGLOMERATION (ag-glom-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of agglomerating or state of being ag- glomerated. 2. Confused mass; cluster. AGGLUTINANT (ag-gld'ti-nant), I. a. Causing or tending to cause adhesion. II. n. Adhesive substance. AGGLUTINATE (ag-glo'ti-nat), vt. [pr.p. AG- GLUTINATING; p.t. and p.p. AGGLU'TI- NATED.] 1. Cause to adhere or stick together. 2. Convert into a viscous sub- stance. AGGLUTINATE (ag-glo'ti-nat), a. 1. Joined with or as with glue. 2. Agglutinative. [L. agglutinatus, p.p. of agglutino; ad, to, and gluten, glue.] AGGLUTINATION (ag-glo-ti-na'shun), n. 1. Act of gluing together or state of being glued together. 2. Philol. A putting together of root words to form a new word with little change of form or loss of meaning. AGGLUTINATIVE (ag-gl8'ti-na-tiv), a. 1. Uniting by adhesion. 2. Philol. Pertaining to or characterized by agglutination. AGGRANDIZE (ag'ran-diz), v. [pr.p. AG- GRANDIZING; p.t. and p.p. AGGRANDIZED (ag'ran-dizd).] I. vt. Make great or greater in rank, honor, or power. II. vi. Become greater. [L. ad, to, and grand is, great.] SYN. Advance; augment; magnify; exalt; promote; elevate. ANT. Diminish; decrease; reduce; degrade; debase. AGGRANDIZEMENT (ag-gran'diz-ment, or ag- ran-diz'ment), n. Act of aggrandizing or state of being aggrandized. AGGRANDIZER (ag'ran-di-zer), tw One who aggrandizes. AGGRAVATE (ag'ra-vat), vt. [pr.p. AGGRA- VATING; p.t. and p.p. AGGRAVATED.] 1. Make worse or heavier; intensify. 2. Make more inflamed; irritate. 3. Provoke; ex- asperate. (Colloq.) [L. ad, to, and gravo, make heavy.] SYN. Enhance; heighten; increase. ANT. Diminish; assuage; reduce. AGGRAVATION (ag-ra-va/shun), n. 1. Act of aggravating or state of being aggravated. 2. That which increases a burden or guilt. 3. Exasperation; irritation. (Colloq.) AGGREGAT (ag're-gat), n. Intensifler used in the manufacture of steel to produce density. AGGREGATE (ag're-gat), v. [pr.p. AGGRE- GATING; p.t. and p.p. AGGREGATED.] I. vt. Collect into a sum or mass; accumulate. II. vi. Unite. [L. ad, to, and grex, gregis, flock.] AGGREGATE (ag're-gat), I. a. Formed of parts taken together. II. n. Sum total. AGGREGATION (ag-re-ga'- shun), n. Act of aggrega- ting; state of being collected together; combined whole. AGGREGATIVE (ag're-ga- tiv), a. 1. Tending to aggre- gation; social. 2. Taken together. AGGREGATOR (ag're-ga-tur), aggregates. AGGRESSION (ag-gresh'un), n. hostility or injury. [L. aggredior, aggressus — ad, at, and gradior, step.] AGGRESSIVE (ag-gres'iv), a. Making the first attack; prone to make an attack. AGGRESSIVELY (ag-gres'iv-li), adv. In an aggressive manner. AGGRESSIVENESS (ag-gres'iv-nes), n. Quality of being aggressive. AGGRESSOR (ag-gres'ur), n. One who first commences hostility or gives offense. AGGRIEVE (ag-grev'), vt. [pr.p.AGGRIEV'ING; p.t. and p.p. AGGRIEVED (ag-grgvd').] Give pain or sorrow to; oppress; injure. [L. ad, to, and gravis, heavy, grave.] AGHAST (a-gasf), a. Stupefied with horror. [A. S. intens. pref. a, and gtesten, terrify.] AGILE (aJ'ID* a. Active; nimble; quick; lively. [L. agilis — ago, do.] AGILITY (a-jil'i-tl), n. Quickness of motion; nimbleness; activity. AGINCOURT (azh-an-kor'), n. Village in France, near Boulogne. AGING (a'jing), n. Process of making or becom- ing old, or of causing to appear old. One who First act of fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, ow mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 1, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. > AGIO 24 AGREEMENT AGIO (aj'i-6), n. Exchange premium; broker- age. [It. aggio, exchange.] AGIOTAGE (aj'i-o-taj), n. 1. Stock-jobbing. 2. Exchange business. AGITATE (aj'i-tat), v. [pr.p. AGITATING; p.t. and p.p. AGITATED.] I. vt. 1. Move or shake briskly. 2. Disturb or excite the feelings; perturb; rouse. 3. Discuss; debate. II. vi. Arouse public attention or nterest. [L. agito, freq. of ago, put in motion.] SYN. Alarm; move; convulse; shake; fidget; chafe; fuss; fluster; distract; flutter; stir. ANT. Calm; compose; allay; appease; mollify; pacify; tranquilize; soothe. AGITATION (aj-i-ta'shun), n. Act of agitating or state of being agitated; commotion. AGITATIVE (aj'i-ta-tiv), a. Causing or tending to cause agitation. , AGITATOR (aj'i-ta-tur), n. One who or that which agitates. AGLEAM (a-glem'), adv. and a. In a glow; gleaming. AGLEE (a-gle'), adv. Wrong. [Scotch.] AGLET (ag'let), n. 1. Small metal sheath at the end of a lace useful in passing it through an eyelet. 2. Small pendant ornament of gold or silver in military dress. [Fr. aiguil- lette.] AGLOW (a-ghV), a. Glowing; in a glow. AGNAIL (ag'nal), n. Painful swelling under or near a nail; hangnail. [A. S. angnwgl; from ange, painful, and nmgl, nail.] AGNATE (ag'nat), I. «. 1. Related through male kinship only. 2. Pertaining to male relatives by the father's side. 3. Akin; similar. II. n. Person related to another through male line only. [L. agnatus, p.p. of agnascor, be born; ad, to, and nascor, be born.] AGNATIC (ag-nat'ik), a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors. AGNATION (ag-na'sbun), n. Civil Laiv. Con- sanguinity by a line of males only. AGNOMEN (ag-no'men), n. Additional name or epithet, given, especially by the ancient Romans, on account of some characteristic accomplishment or event, as Scipio Afri- canus; Aristides the Just. [L. ad, to, and nomen, name.] AGNOSTIC (ag-nos'tik), I. n. One who holds that we know or can know nothing of God and the infinite, as we are limited to expe- rience. II. a. Pertaining to agnosticism. [Gr. a priv. and gnostikos, able to know.] AGNOSTICISM (ag-nos'ti-sizm), n. Doctrine of the agnostics. AGO (a-go')» adv. and a. Gone; past; as, a year ago. [M. E. agon.] AGOG (a-gog'), adv. and «. Eager; ir a state of excited desire. AGOING (a-g'Viug) o. and adv. In motion; current. AGONIZE fag'o=nIz), v. [pr.p. AG'ONIZING; Agouti (.Dasyprocta agouti). p.t. and p.p. AGONIZED (ag'o-nizd).] I. vt. Distress with extreme pain; torture. II. vi. Be in extreme pain; suffer anguish. AGONY (ag'o-ni), n. [pi. AG'ONIES.] 1. Extreme pain of body or mind. 2. Violent struggle, as for life. [Gr. agon, arduous struggle.] SYN. Anguish; pang; torture; torment; throe, distress; suffering; woe. ANT. Ease; pleasure; enjoyment; ecstasy; rapture; relief; solace; comfort. AGOUTI, AGOU- TY (a-go'ti), n. Rabbit -like rodent of South and Central America. [Fr.] AGRAPHIA (a- graf'i-a), n. Pathol. Morbid Inability to ex- press ideas by writing. [Gr. a priv. and gra- phd, write.] AGRARIAN (a-gra'ri-an), I. a. 1. Pertaining to land, or to the equal distribution of land. 2. Hot. Growing wild. II. n. One who favors agrarlanlsm. [L. agrarlus — ager, a field.] AGRARIANISM (a-gra'ri-an-izm), ». Principle of, or agitation for, a juster distribution of land. AGREE (a-gre'), vi. [pr.p. AGREEING; p.t. and p.p. AGREED (a-grEd').] 1. Be of owe mind; concur. 2. Assent to. 3. Harmonize; resemble; match; suit; correspond. 4, Prom- ise or undertake. 5. Be nutritious, or good for one's health. [L. ad, to, and gratns, pleasing.] SYN. Accede; consent; acquiesce; coin- cide; comply; answer; accord; tally; frater- nize; reciprocate; indorse. ANT. Differ; disagree; revolt; decline; refuse; dissent. AGREEABILITY (a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), n . Agree- ableness. AGREEABLE (a-gre'a-bl), «. 1. Pleasing to the mind or senses; pleasurable. 2. Con- formable (to). 3. Willing to agree; favor- ably inclined. 4. In accordance or conform- ity. (Colloq.) SYN. Pleasing; pleasant; gratifying; acceptable; welcome; amiable; complai- sant; suitable; consistent; consonant. ANT. Disobliging; unpleasant; disagreeable; obnoxious; offensive; repulsive; nauseous. AGREEABLENESS (a-gre'a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being agreeable. AGREEABLY (a-gre'a-bli), adv. 1. In an agreeable manner. 2. In accordance (to). AGREEMENT (a-gre'ment), ». 1. Concord; conformity. 2. Bargain or contract; mutual assent. 3. Gram. Correspondence, as in number, case, gender, or person. fSto, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u — u in Scotch yu(U; oil, ovrl, then, kh=e7i In Scotch loch. AGRICULTURAL AIKIFIED SYN. Harmony; symmetry; contract; compact; bond; obligation, undertaking; understanding; treaty; cartel; covenant. AGRICULTURAL (ag-ri-kul'tur-al), a. Relating to agriculture. AGRICULTURE (ag'ri-kul-tur), n. Art, science, or practice of cultivating the land. [L. ager> a field, and culture cultivation.] AGRICULTURIST (ag-ri-kul'tur-ist), n. One skilled in agriculture. AGRONOMY (a-gron'o-mi), n. Science of cultivating the ground; agriculture; farming; husbandry. [Gr. agronomos, rural — agros, field, and nemein, deal out.] AGROUND (a-grownd'), adv. Stranded. AGUE (a'gu), n. Fever coming In periodical fits, accompanied with shivering; chills With fever. [Fr. aigu, sharp — L. acutus.] AGUISH (a'gu-ish), o. 1. Like an ague; chilly. 3. Subject to ague. AH (a), inter j. Expression of surprise, joy, pity, inquiry, complaint, compassion, etc., according to the manner of utterance. AHA (a-ha/), interj. Exclamation of pleasure, surprise, contempt, etc. AHEAD (a-hed'), adv. Further on; in ad- vance; headlong; forward. AHEAP (a-hep'), adv. In a heap. AHEM (a-hem'), interj. Sort of voluntary half cough; hem. AHOY (a-hoi'), interj. Naut. Used in hailing vessels, as "ship ahoy!** AHULL (a-huD, adv. Naut. With sails furled and helm lashed alee, causing the vessel to He nearly broadside to the wind. AI (a'e), n. Three-toed sloth of South America. [Named from its cry.] AID (ad), v. [pr.p. AID'ING; p.t. and p.p. AID'ED.] I. vt. Render help to; relieve; succor; assist. II. vi. Render help; be of assistance. [Fr. aider, help.] SYN. Cooperate; forward; further; contribute; conduce; tend; facilitate; favor; foster; protect; encourage; support; sub- sidize. ANT. Oppose; resist; counteract; thwart; withstand; confront; discourage; deter; baffle; bar; block; hinder; foil. AID (ad), n. 1. Relief; assistance. 3. Person or thing that renders assistance. AIDE (ad), AIDE-DE-CAMP (ad'de-kong), n. [pi. AIDES, AIDES-DE-CAMP (adz'de-kong).] Mil. Officer who receives the orders of a general and communicates them. [Fr.] AIGLOPLANE(ag'- 16-plan), n. Large eagle-shaped kite with lifting power sufficient to make it available for experiments in aerial photogra- phy and wireless telegraphy. Aigioplane. Aigret. One of the AIGRET (a'gret), n. 1. Zool. Egret, or small white European heron. 3. Plumage or tuft of feathers or gems. 3. Bot. Feathery crown of seeds, as that of the dandelion. [Fr. aigrette.] AIL (SI), v. [pr.p. AIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. AILED (aid).] I. vt. Affect with pain, or uneasi- ness of the body or mind. II. vi. Be in pain, sick or in trouble. [A. S. eglan, trouble.] AILERON (a'le-ron), n. Aviation. movable wings or wing-tips on either side of an aeroplane, by means of which the aviator recovers his equilibrium when caught in an air-hole. [Fr., dim. of aile, wing.] AILMENT (al'ment), n. Indisposition, especially of a chronic character. AIM (am), v. [pr.p. AIM'ING; p.t. and p.p. AIMED' (amd).] I. vt. 1. Point or level to- wards, as a firearm or a remark. 3. Direct towards or against, as a missile or blow. II. vi. 1. Point a weapon or direct a missile at something. 3. Make a continued effort; strive. [O. Fr. esmer, from L. cestimo, estimate.] AIM (am), n. 1. Act of aiming. 3. Object aimed at. 3. Line or direction of thing aimed at. 4. Design; purpose. AIMLESSNESS (am'les-nes), n. Quality of being aimless. AIN'T (ant). Am not. Incorrectly used for ARE NOT and IS NOT. AIR (ar), n. 1. Fluid we breathe; atmosphere. 3. Light breeze. 3. Vent; publicity. [Gr. aer, air.] AIR (ar), vt. [pr.p. AIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. AIRED (ard).] 1. Expose to the air; venti- late; dry. 3. Make public; parade; display. AIR (4r), n. 1. Peculiar appearance, mien or manner. 3. Affected manner; show of pride. 3. Music. Melody; tune. [Fr. from It. aria. J AIR-BRAKE (ar'brak),n. Railway brake opera- ated by compression of air. [See BRAKE.] AIR-CASTLE (ar'kas'l), n. Day-dream; reverie. AIR-CHAMBER (ar'- cham-ber), n. Cham- ber containing air, as for preserving buoyancy. AIR-DRAWN (ar'dran), a. aginary. AIR-GUN (ar'gun), n. Gun designed to impel missiles by the elastic force of compressed air. AIR-HOLE (ar'hol), n. 1. Hole made by, con- taining, or admitting air. 3. Fault in a cast- ing; blow-hole. 3. Opening in the ice. I. Aviation. Sudden upward or downward cur- rent of air, upsetting an aeroplane's equilib- rium; pocket. Air Brake. Drawn in air; im- fJ3tp, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit: n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, iisrtt in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh—c/i in Scotch lock. > AIRILY 26 ALARUM 1. In a light or airy man- Lightness; buoyancy. Exposure to the free Walk or ride in the Jacket with air- AIRILY (ar'i-11), adv. ner. 2. Gaily. AIRINESS (ar'i-nes), n. AIRING (ar'ing), n. 1. action of the air. 2. open air for health's sake. AIR-JACKET (ar'jak-et), n. chamber. AIR-LINE (ar'lin), n. 1. Shortest line between two points. 2. Direct railroad route. AIRMAN (ar'man), n. [pi. AIR'MEN.J One who operates an aeroplane; aviator; aeronaut. AIROMETER (ar-om'e-ter), n. 1. Receptacle for holding air. 2. Instrument for measur- ing the velocity of moving air. AIR-PLANT (ar 'plant), n. Plant growing on some object, but taking all its sustenance from the air; aerophyte. AIR-POISE (ar'poiz), n. Instrument for weigh- ing air. AIR-PUMP (ar'pump), n. Machine for pumping out or condensing air. AIR-SALTPETER (ar'salt-pe-ter), n. Saltpeter derived from the nitrogen in the air. AIRSHIP (ar'ship), n. Dirigible balloon; as dis- tinguished from an aeroplane. Airship. AIR-TIGHT (ar'tit), a. Impermeable to air. AIRY (ar'i), a. 1. Consisting of air; belonging to the air; in air. 2. Unsubstantial; unreal. 3. Buoyant; ethereal. 4. Vain; light of heart; vivacious; gay* 5. Affected. AISLE (il), n. 1. Passageway between seats in a church or hall, or between counters in a store, etc. 2. Wing of a church. [O. Fr. aile — L. ala, wing.] AIT (at), n. Small island, especially in a river. AlX-LA-CHAPELLE (aks-la-sha-pel'), n. Same as AACHEN. AjACCIO (a-ya'chd), n. Seaport and capital of Corsica. AJAR (a-jar'), adv. Partly open. [M. E. on char, on the turn; ajar.] AjAX (a'jaks), n. Greek Myth. 1. Son of Tel- amon; one of the bravest and largest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan war; slain by himself. 2. Son of Oileus, king of Locris; one of Helen's suitors; called the Lesser A jax. AJUTAGE (aj'o-taj), n. Discharge pipe for liquids. [O. F. juter; from jeter, throw.] AKIMBO (a-klm'bo), adv. With hand on hip, and elbow bent outward. [Etym. doubtful.] AKIN (a-kin'), a. Of kin; related by blood or by nature; having the same properties or nature. AL-, prefix. 1. The: Arabic definite article, as in AZkoran, the Koran. 2. Latin ad, changed before I into al, as in allocution. -AL, suffix. Of, belonging or pertaining to; as scriptural. [L. -alis.] ALA (a/la), n. [pi. AL^E (a'le).] Biol. Wing; wing-like part. [L.] ALABAMA (al-a-ba'ma), n. One of the U. S. Area, 51,756 sq. m. Capital, Montgomery. ALABASTER (al'a-bas-ter), I. n. Semi-trans- parent kind of gypsum or sulphate of lime. f II. a. Made of alabaster. [Etym. doubtful.] A LA CARTE (a-la-karf). According to the bill of fare. The opposite is table d'hote, when the meal is ordered and paid for as a whole. [Fr.] ALACK (a-lak'), interj. Exclamation expressing sorrow; alas! ALACK-A-DAY (a-lak'a-da), interj. Alas the day! ALACRITY (a-lak'ri-ti), n. Briskness, cheerful r readiness; promptitude. [L. alacer, brisk.] A LA MODE (a-la-mod'). According to the mode or fashion. [Fr.] ALAR (a'lar), a. 1. Pertaining to, or having wings. 2. Bot. Of or pertaining to an axil. ALARM (a-larm'), n. 1. Great apprehension caused by sudden danger. 2. Anything that is done or used to apprise of danger, as the ringing of bells; alarum. 3. Call to arms. [O. Fr. alarmc; from It. allartne, for a le armc, to the arms.] SYN. Fear; fright; terror; dismay; consternation; disquietude; apprehension; dread. ANT. Confidence; security; quiet. ALARM (a-larm'), vt. [pr.p. ALARM'ING; p.t. and p.p. ALARMED (a-larmd'.] 1. Arouse to a sense of danger; strike with apprehension. 2. Call to arms for defense. ALARM-BELL (a-larm'bel), n. Bell used for giving notice of danger. ALARM-CLOCK (a-larm'klok), n. Clock that can be set to ring loudly at a particular time, in order to rouse from sleep. ALARM-GAGE ( a-larm 'gaj), n. Contrivance that automatically indicates the pressure of steam, or a deficiency of water, in a boiler. ALARM-GUN (a-larm'gun), n. Gun to be fired as a signal of danger. ALARMING (a-larm'ing), a. Exciting alarm; disturbing. ALARMINGLY (a-larm'ing-li), adv. In a way to cause alarm. ALARMIST (a-larm'ist), n. One who excites alarm; one given to prophesying danger or disaster. ALARUM (a-lar'um), n. Alarm. [Archaic and poetic] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ALCOHOLISM Alb. [L. fern. sing, of ALAS (a-las'), Interj. Exclamation expressive of sorrow, grief, or pity. [Fr. helas — L. lassus, wearied.] ALASKA (a-las'ka), n. Territory of XT. S., N. W. of Canada. Purchased of Russia in 1867 for $7,300,000. Area, 599,446 sq. m. ALASKAN (a-las'kan), I. a. Of or pertaining to Alaska. II. n. Native or inhabitant Alaska. ALATE (a'lat), a. BoU Fur- nished with wings or parts resembling wings. [L. alatus; from ala, wing.] ALB (alb), n. Full-length ecclesiastical vestment of white linen. [From L. albus, white.] ALBA (al'ba), I. a. White, as in terra alba, a kind of white earth. II. n. Anat. White substance of the central nervous system. albus, white.] Albania (ai-ba'ni-a), »• District on west coast of Europe in Turkey. ALBANIAN (al-ba/nl-an), n. 1. Native of Albania, a country in Western part of European Turkey. 2. Language of the Albanians. ALBANY (al'ba-ni), n. Cap- ital of New York State. ALB ATA (al-ba'ta), n. White alloy, of copper, nickel and zinc; German silver. [L.] ALBATROSS (al'ba- tros), n. Large, long-winged sea- bird, of the petrel family. [Sp. alba- troste.] ALBEIT (al-be'it), conj. Even though; n o t w 1 thstanding; although. ALBERTA, (al-bfir- Albatross (^Diomedea exulana) . ta), n. Province of Canada, east of British Columbia. ALBERT NYANZA (al'burt ni-an'za). Lake in Central Africa, 100 m. long. ALBESCENCE (al-bes'ens), n. Process of grow- ing white. [From L. albescens, pr.p. of albesco, grow white.] ALBESCENT (al-bes'ent), a. Growing white or whitish. ALBINESS (al-bi'nes), n. Female albino. ALBINISM (al'bl-nlzm), n. State or condition of being an albino. ALBINO (al-bl'n6), n. [pi. ALBINOS (al-bi- n6z).] Person, animal or plant unnaturally white. [L. albus, white.] ALBUGINEOUS (al-bu-Jin'e-us), a. Pertaining Albanian. to or of the nature of the white of the eye or of an egg. [From L. albugo, whiteness.] ALBUM (al'bum), n. Book for the collection of portraits, autographs or the like. [L. albus, white.] ALBUMEN (al-bu'men), n. 1. White of an egg. 2. Substance like white of egg, in animal and vegetable matter. 3. Chem. Albumin. [L. albus, white.] ALBUMIN (al-bu'min), n. Chem. Thick, vis- cous substance that forms a constituent principle of plants and animals, and exists nearly pure in the white of an egg and the serum of the blood. ALBUMININ (al-bu'mi-nin,) n. Substance composing the cells of the tissue enclosing the whites of bird's eggs. ALBUMINIZE (al-bu'ml-niz), vt. [pr.p. ALBU'MINIZING; p.U and p.p. ALBUMI- NIZED (al-bu'min-Izd).] 1. Change Into al- bumin. 2. Coat or Impregnate with albumin. ALBUMINOID (al-bu'ml-noid), I. a. Of or like albumin. II. n. One of several nitroge- nous principles occurring in the animal and vegetable tissues; proteid. ALBUMINOUS (al-bu'mi-nus), a. Pertaining to, or having the properties of albumin. ALBUQUERQUE (al-bo-ker'ke), n. Town in New Mexico, founded 17th century. ALBURNUM (al-bfir'num), n. BoU Sapwood of a tree or shrub. [From L. albus, white.] ALCADE, ALCAIDE, ALCAYDE (al-kad'), n. 1. Governor of a castle. 2. Warden of a prison. [Sp.] ALCAHEST (al'ka-hest), n. Same as ALKA- HEST. ALCALDE (al-kal'da), ». trate. [Sp. — Ar. al, the, ALCAZAR (al-ka'zar or Fortress; palace; castle, deck. [Sp.] AlCESTIS (al-ses'tis), n. of Admetus; one of her father's murderesses; sacrificed herself for her husband; restored from Hades by Hercules. ALCHEMIC (al-kem'ic), a. Pertaining to or produced by alchemy. ALCHEMIST (al'ke-mlst), n. One skilled In alchemy. ALCHEMY (al'ke-ml), n. Early name of chemistry. [Ar. al, the, and kimia, secret, hidden.] ALCMENA (alk-me'na), n. Greek Myth. Mother of Hercules, by Zeus; wife of Amphitryon. ALCOHOL (al'ko-hol), n. Pure or highly recti- fied spirit, a liquid obtained from fermented saccharine solutions by distillation. (The intoxicating principle of all vinous and spirlt- ous liquors.) [Ar. al, the, and koh% fine powder of antimony, used for painting the eyebrows.] ALCOHOLIC (al-ko-hol'ik), a. Containing or of the nature of alcohol. ALCOHOLISM (al'kd-hoMzm), n. Diseased A judge or magls- and kadi, judge.] al-ka'thUr), n. 1. 2. NauU Quarter- Greek Myth. Wife fite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; route, hut, Win*, ii=v in Scotch glide; oil, owl, then, kh=cft. in Scotch loch. > ALCOHOLIZE 28 ALIENATE condition caused by excessive use of alcoholic liquors. ALCOHOLIZE (al'ko-hol-iz), vt. [pr.p. AL- COHOLIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALCOHOLIZED (al'ko-hol-izd).] 1. Convert into alcohol; rectify. 2. Impregnate with alcohol. ALCORAN, AlKORAN (al-ko-ran'), n. The Koran. [Ar. al, the, and qoran, book.] ALCOVE (al'kov), n. Recess in a room; shady retreat. [Ar. al, the, and quobbah, chamber.] ALCYONE (al-si'o-ne), HalCYONE (hal- ci'o-ne),n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Aeolus ; her husband, Ceyx, was drowned and she threw herself into the sea; both of them were changed into birds. ALDEHYDE (al'de-bid), n. Limpid, volatile liquid, of a suffocating odor, formed by the oxidation of ethyl alcohol. [ALCOHOL, L. de, from, and HYDROGEN.] ALDER (al'der),». Small tree of the genus Alnus usually growing in moist ground. [A. S. aler.] ALDERMAN (alder- man), n. [pi. AL'DEE- MEN.] Municipal legis- lator; member of a city council, representing a ward. [A. S. ealder, older, and man, man.] ALDERMANCY (alder- man-si), n. Office of an alderman. ALDERMANIC (al-der-man'ik), a. Pertaining to an alderman, or to his office. ALDERNEY (al'der-ni), n. One of a breed of cattle commonly called Jersey cattle. [From Alderncy, one of the Channel Islands.] ALE (al), n. Liquor made from malt dried at low heat. [A. S. ealu, beer.] ALECTO (a-lek'to), n. Greek Myth. One of the three Furies; depicted with naming torches and serpents instead of hair, and supposed to breed pestilence. ALEE (a-160, adv. Naut. At the lee side. ALEMBIC (a-lem'bik), n. Apparatus formerly used in distillation, made of glass, metal, or earthenware. [Ar. al, the, and amblq, still.] ALEPPO (a-lep'd), n. Town in Asiatic Turkey. ALERT (a-lerf), a. 1. Ready to act quickly; on the lookout; watchful; vigilant. 2. Nimble; brisk. [Fr. alerte; from It. all* erta, on the watch.] SYN. Ready; prepared. ANT. Unprepared. ALERT (a-lerf), n. 1. Mil. Sudden attack or warning of it. 2. Watchful attitude. — On the alert, on the lookout. ALERTLY (a-lSrfli), a. In an alert manner. ALERTNESS (a-Iert'nes), n. Quality of being alert. Aleutian (a-iu'shi-an) Islands. Group s. E., and part, of Alaska. Alder. Alexandria (ai-eg-zan'dri-a), »*. city H Egypt, founded 332 B. C. by Alexander the Great. ALEXANDRINE (al-egz-an'drin), n. Iambic verse of twelve syllables, first used in a French poem on Alexander the Great. ALEXIPHARMIC (a-leks-i-far'mik), I. a. Act- ing as an antidote. II. n. Antidote against poison. [Gr. alexipharmakos ; alexo, ward off, and pharmakon, poison.] ALFALFA (al-fal'fa), n. Bot. Valuable forage grass (Medicago sativa) ; lucern. [Sp. Am.] ALGA (al'ga), w. [pi. ALGAE (al'je).] Bot. Plant of the genus A Igce; seaweed. [L.] ALG^E (al'je), n.pl. Bot. Division of flowerless plants, including the seaweeds, conferva?, etc. [L., pi. of alga, seaweed.] ALGEBRA (al'je-bra), n. Science and art of calculating by means of a highly systematized notation; generalized arithi»etic. [Ar. al, the, and jabr, combination.] ALGEBRAIC (al-je-bra'ik), ALGEBRAICAL (al-je-bra'i-kal), a. 1. Pertaining to algebra. 2. Taking signs into account. ALGEBRAICALLY (al-je-bra'i-kal-i), adv. As in algebra. ALGEBRAIST (al'je-bra-ist), n. Person versed in algebra. ALGERIA (al-je'ri-a), «. French colony in N. Africa. Area, 184,474 sq. m. Capital, Algiers. Algerian (ai-je'ri-an), I. a. Pertaining to Algiers or to Algeria. II. n. In- habitant of Algeria, in North Africa. ALGID (al'jld), a. Chilly; cold. [L. algidus; from algeo, be cold.] ALGOID (al'goid), a. Of or resembling algae. ALGOUS (al'gus), a. Per- taining to, resembling or abounding with seaweed. ALIAS (a'li-as), I. adv. Otherwise. II. n. [pi. ALIASES (a'li-as-es).] Assumed name. [L.] ALIBI (al'i-bi), n. Plea that the accused was elsewhere when the crime was committed. [L.=elsewhere.] ALIBLE (al'i-bl), a. Nourishing; nutritive. [L. alibilis; alo, nourish.] ALIDADE (al'i-dad), n. Arm movable over a graduated circle, carrying an index or a ver- nier. [Ar. al, the, and adud, arm.] ALIEN (al'yen or a'li-en), I. a. Foreign; of another country. II. n. Foreigner. [L. alienus; from alius, other.] ALIENABILITY (al-yen-a-bil'i-ti), n. Capabil- ity of being alienated. ALIENABLE (al'yen-a-bl), a. Capable of being alienated. ALIENAGE (al'yen-aj), n. State of being alien or alienated. ALIENATE (al'yen-at), vt. [pr.p. A'LIENATING; Algerian. Otherwise. II. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, "k'tx—ch in Scotch loch. ALIENATION 29 ALL p.t. and p.p. A'LIENATED.] 1. Transfer to another, as a right or title. 2. Make indif- ferent or averse; estrange. [From L. alienatus, p.p. of alieno. See ALIEN.] SYN. Surrender; separate. ANT. Secure; conciliate. ALIENATION (al'yen-a'shun), n . i. Act of alienating or state of being alienated. 2. Estrangement. 3. Law. Transfer of title to property. 4. Mental derangement; in- sanity. ALIENATOR (al'yen-a-tur), n. One who alienates. ALIENEE (al-yen-e'), n. One to whom a right is transferred. ALIENISM (al'yen-izm), n. 1. State of being an alien. 2. Study and treatment of mental diseases. ALIENIST (al'yen-ist), n. One skilled in the treatment of mental diseases. ALIENOR (al'yen-ur), n. One who alienates or transfers his property to another. ALIFORM (al'i-farm), a. Shaped like a wing. [L. ala, wing, and FORM.] ALIGHT (a-llf), vi. [pr.p. ALIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ALIGHT'ED.] 1. Settle upon. 2. Dis- mount; descend. 3. Happen on; meet with. [See LIGHT, vt.] ALIGN, ALIGNMENT. See ALINE, ALINE- MENT. ALIKE (a-lik')» I. a. On the same model. II. adv. In like manner; equally. [A. S. onlic; on, on, and lie. See LIKE.] ALIMENT (al'i-ment), n. 1. Nourishment; food. 2. The necessaries of life. [From L. alimentum; alo, nourish.] ALIMENTAL (al-i-men'tal), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, aliment; nutritious. ALIMENTARY (al-i-men'ta-ri), a. Pertaining to nutrition; furnishing or conveying aliment. — Alimentary canal, entire digestive passage from the mouth to the anus. ALIMENTATION (al-i-men-ta'shun), n. Act or process of supplying, or receiving and as- similating food. ALIMENTIVENESS (al-i-men'tiv-nes), n. 1. The desire for food. 2. Phren. The faculty of desire for food. ALIMONY (al'i-md-ni), n. Portion of husband's estate or income allowed to wife on legal separation. [L. alimonia; from alo, nourish.] ALINE, ALIGN (a-lin'), v. [pr.p. ALI'NING; p.t. and p.p. ALINED (a-lind').] I. vt. Adjust to, or arrange in, a line. II. vi. Fall in line; line up. [Fr. aligner; from L. ad, to, and linea, line.] ALINEMENT, ALIGNMENT (a-lin'ment), n. 1. Act of alining or state of being alined. 2. Line of adjustment. 3. Engin. Ground-plan of a road or earthwork. ALINER, ALIGNER (a-li'ner), n. One who alines. ALIPED (al'i-ped), I. a. With a wing-mem- brane connecting the digits, as a bat. II. n. Wing-footed animal. [L. ala, wing, and pes, pedis, foot.] ALIQUANT (al'i-kwant), a. Math. Dividing, but not without a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. [L. alt, any, and quantus, how great.] ALIQUOT (al'1-kwot), a. Math. Dividing with- out a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 15. [L. ali, any, and quot, how many.] ALIVE (a-liv'), a. 1. Having life; not dead; living; in existence. 2. In operation; in action; unexpired. 3. Keenly attentive or susceptible, as to one's interest or to pain. 4. Swarming, as with insects. [A. S. on life, in life.] SYN. Existing; existent; subsisting; breathing; animate; vivacious; quick; alert. ANT. Dead; defunct; lifeless; inan- imate; dull; inactive. ALKAHEST (al'ka-hest), n. Supposed universal solvent of the alchemists. [A word made up, probably, by Paracelsus.] ALKAHESTIC (al-ka-hes'tik), a. Pertaining to the alkahest. ALKALESCENCE (al-ka-les'ens), ALKALES- CENCY(al-ka-les'ens-i),n. State of becoming alkaline, or the tendency to do so. ALKALESCENT (al-ka-les'ent), a. Having a tendency to become alkaline. ALKALI (al'ka-li or al'ka-li), n. [pi. AL'KALIS or AL'KALIES.] Substance which neutralizes acids, combines with fats to make soap, etc., like potash, soda, ammonia, etc. [Ar. al, the, and qali, ashes of.] ALKALIFIABLE (al'ka-li-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of being converted into an alkali. ALKALIFY (al'ka-li-fi), v. [pr.p. AL'KALIFY- ING; p.f.and p.p. ALKALIFIED (al'ka-li-fld).] I. vt. Convert into an alkali. II. vi. Pass into the state of an alkali ; become alkaline. ALKALIGENOUS (al-ka-lij'e-nus), a. Generat- ing or producing an alkali. [ALKALI, and Gr. genua 5, produce.] ALKALINE (al'ka-lin), a. Having the properties of alkali. ALKALIZATION (al-ka-li-za'shun), n. Act of alkalizing or state of being alkalized. ALKALIZE (al'ka-liz), vt. [pr.p. AL'KALIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALKALIZED (al'ka-lizd).] Ren- der alkaline. ALKALOID (al'ka-loid), I. a. Resembling an alkali in properties. II. n. Alkaline principle of a plant, as morphine, quinine, etc. ALKALOID AL (al-ka-loi'dal), a. Alkaloid. ALKARAZZA (al-ka-raz'a), n. Earthenware made of clay and sawdust; used in the tropics for cooling liquids. [Sp.-Am.] ALKORAN (al-ko-ran), n. See ALCORAN. ALL (&1), I. a. Whole of; every particle of; whole extent; entire duration of. II. adv. Wholly; completely; entirely. III. n. Whole; entire number; total. [A. S. eal, all.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ALL A BREVE 30 ALLOCATE ALLA BREVE (aTl& brS'va). Music. 2/2 time. A [It.] ALLAH (al'a), n. Name of God amongst the Mohammedans. [Ar. al, the, and iloh, God. J ALLANTOIC (al-an~td'lk), a. Pertaining to, or divided from, the allantoic. ALLANTOID (al-lan'toid), «. Pertaining to the allantols. ALLANTOIS (al-lan'to-is), n. Membranous sac- like appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles. [Gr. alias, sausage, and eidos, form.] ALLAY (al-la'), v. [pr.p. ALLAY 'ING; p.U and p.p. ALLAYED (al-l§d').] I. vt. 1. Make calm; lay to rest. 2. Alleviate; mitigate. II. vi. Abate; subside. [A. S. alecgan, lessen. See LAY, v.] SYN. Quiet; soothe; compose; pacify; appease; assuage; soften; tranquilize; mod- erate; check; mollify; palliate; repress. ANT. Excite; rouse; aggravate; stir; kindle; fan; Impassions provoke; incite. ALLEGATION (al-e-ga'shun), n. Affirmation; plea; assertion. [See ALLEGE.] ALLEGATOR (al-e-ga'tur), n. One who alleges. ALLEGE (al-lej'), vt. [pr.p. ALLEG'ING; p.U and p.p. ALLEGED (al-lejd').] 1. Assert to be true or provable; affirm; declare. 2. Bring forth as a material fact; plead, as an excuse. [L.L. adlegio, clear.] SYN. Declare; affirm; aver; asseverate; cite; adduce; advance; predicate. ANT. Contradict; deny; gainsay; refute; disprove. ALLEGEABLE ( al-lej 'a-bl), a. That may be alleged. ALLEGHANY (al'e-ga-ni), n. Range of moun- tains in Pennsylvania, Maryland, W. Virginia and Virginia. ALLEGHENY (ale-gen-i), n. City in Pennsyl- vania. ALLEGIANCE (al-le'jans), n. 1. Tie or obli- gation of a subject to his sovereign or of a citizen to his government. 2. Fealty; fidel- ity; loyalty; devotion. [L. ad, to, and ligo, bind.] ALLEGORIC (al-e-gor'ik), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing an allegory. ALLEGORICAL (al-e-gor'1-kal), a. Allegoric. ALLEGORICALLY (al-e-gor'l-kal-1), adv. In an allegorical manner. ALLEGORIST (al'e-go-rist), n. One who alle- gorizes. ALLEGORIZE (al'e-go-riz), v. [pr.p. AL'LE- GORIZING; p.U and p.p. ALLEGORIZED (al'e-go-rizd).] I. vt. Convert into allegory; treat as allegoric. II. vi. Use allegory; speak or write allegorlcally. ALLEGORY (al'e-go-rl), n. [pi. AL'LEGO- RIES.] Figurative speech or story; symbolic representation, whether by speech or other- wise. [Gr. alios, other, and agoreuo, speak.] SYN. Parable; fable; simile; metaphor. ANT. Chronicle; record; narrative; history. ALLEGRETTO (al-e-gret'6), a. In Music, less quick than allegro. [It.] ALLEGRO (al-le'gro), adv. In Music, sprightly! quick, [It.] ALLELUIA, ALLELUIAH (al=e=io'ya), n. and interj. See HALLELUIAH. ALLEVIATE (al-le'vi-at), vt. [pr.p. ALLE'VI- ATING; p.U and p.p. ALLEVIATED.] 1. Render less hard to bear, as a sorrow or pain. 2. Represent as less grave. [L.L. alleviatus, p.p. of allevio; from L. allevo; ad, to, and lev Is, light.] SYN. Assuage; allay; abate; mitigate; moderate; palliate; soften. See ABATE. ANT. Augment; intensify; aggravate; in- crease; embitter; exasperate. ALLEVIATION (al-le-vi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of alleviating or state of being alleviated. 2. That which alleviates. ALLEVIATIVE (al-le'vi-a-tiv), I. a. Suitable to alleviate; palliative; extenuating. II. n. That which alleviates. ALLEVIATOR (al-le'vi-a-tur), n. One who or that which alleviates. ALLEVIATORY (al-le'vi-a-to-ri), a. Tending to alleviate; alleviative. ALLEY (al'i), n. Narrow passage. [Fr. attee, a passage.] ALL FOOLS' DAY. First day of April. ALL-FOURS (al-forz'), n. Game of cards. — On all fours, on hands and feet. All-hallows (ai-hai'oz), n. ah saints' day, November 1st. ALLIANCE (al-li'ans), n. 1. Union by treaty, or marriage, etc. 2. Persons or states so united. [Fr. See ALLY.] SYN. League; federation; brotherhood; bond; confederacy; affinity; coalition; compact; confederation. ANT. Disunion; separation; secession; antagonism; hos- tility. ALLIED (al-lid'), a. 1. Bound together in a league, or united in marriage. 2. Related to by affinity; akin to. ALLIGATION (al-i-ga'shun), n. Arith. Method of finding the proportions or price of In- gredients in a mixture. [L. ad, to, and lego, bind.] ALLIGATOR (al'i-ga- tur), n. American crocodile. (Sp. el, the, and lagarto, lizard.] ^mTct™ iashJng'vSl ^E^or (^Mississippi- lently against. ALLITERATION (al-lit-er-a'shun),n. Beginning of several words with the same letter. [L. ad, to, and littera, letter.] ALLITERATIVE (al-lit'er-a-tiv), a. Charac- terized by alliteration. ALLOCATE (al'6-kat), vt. [pr.p. ALLOCATING; p.U and p.p. AL'LOCATED.] 1. Set apart as a share or in shares; allot. 2. Fix the flte 4 fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch aude; oil, owl. then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' ALLOCATION 31 ALMIGHTY 1. False name; published under a other, and onyma, locality of; locate. [From L.L. allocatur, p.p. of alloco; ad, to, and loco, place.] ALLOCATION (al-6-ka'shun), n. Allotment; allowance made upon an account. ALLOCATUR (al'6-ka-tur), n. Law, A court's endorsement allowing a writ or order. [L.] ALLOCUTION (al-6-ku'shun), n. 1. Formal address. 2. Act or manner of speaking to or addressing. [L. ad, to, and loquor, speak.] ALLODIAL (al-16'di-al), a. Law. Held as al- lodium; not feudal. ALLODIUM (al-16'di-um), n. Law. Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner without being subject to any rent. [L. L.] ALLONYM (al'o-nim), n. pseudonym. 2. Book false name. [Gr. alios, name.] ALLOPATH (al'o-path), ALLOPATHIST (al- lop'o-thist), n. One who practices allopathy. ALLOPATHIC (al-o-path'ik), a. Pertaining to allopathy. ALLOPATHY (al-lop'a-thi), n. Method of treating disease by the production of a con- dition of the system different from, or in- compatible with, the condition essential to the disease to be cured; opposed to HOME- OPATHY. [Gr. alios, other, and pathos, feeling or suffering.] ALLOT (al-lof), vt. [pr.p. ALLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. ALLOT'TED.] Parcel out; bestow by lot; apportion. [Fr. alloter.] ALLOTMENT (al-lot'ment), n. 1. Act of allot- ting; distribution; assignment. 2. That which is allotted; portion; share. ALLOW (al-low'), v. [pr.p. ALLOWING; p.t. and p.p. ALLOWED (al-lowd').] I. vt. 1. Permit; sanction; tolerate. 2. Grant; give. 3. Admit; acknowledge. 4. Deduct. II. vi. Make allowance; abate in selling. [Fr. allouer — L. ad, to, and laudo, praise.] SYN. Concede; ratify; suffer; license; authorize. See PERMIT. ANT. Disallow; forbid; deny; reject. ALLOWABLE (al-low'a-bl), a. Not objection- able; admissible. ALLOWABLENESS (al-low'a-bl-nes), n . Qual- ity of being allowable. ALLOWABLY (al-low'a-bli), adv. In an allow- able manner. ALLOWANCE (al-low'ans), n. 1. Grant; ac- ceptance. 2. Sanction; tolerance. 3. De- duction; abatement. 4. Allotment. ALLOWANCE (al-low'ans), vt. [pr.p. ALLOW- ANCING; p.t. and p.p. ALLOWANCED (al- low'anst).] Limit as to amount; supply in limited quantity. ALLOY (al-loi), vt. [pr.p. ALLOYING; p.t. and p.p. ALLOYED (al-loid).] 1. Combine by mixing, as metals. 2. Reduce in purity by admixture; debase. [Fr. aloycr; from L. ad, to, and ligo, bind.] ALLOY (al-loi), n. 1. Mixture of metals. 2. Baser metal mixed with a finer. 3. Good mixed with evil. ALLOYAGE (al-loi'aj), n. Art of properly mix- ing metals, especially in minting. ALL-ROUND (al'rownd), a. 1. Including the whole range. 2. Many-sided ; versatile. ALL SAINTS' DAY. First day of November. ALL SOULS' DAY. Second day of November. ALLSPICE (al'spis), n. Jamaica pepper, the berry of the pimento. ALLUDE (al-lbd'), vt. [pr.p. ALUJ'DING; p.t. and p.p. ALLU'DED.] Refer to indirectly. [L. ad, to, and ludo, play.] SYN. Advert; mention; refer. ALLURE (al-lor), vt. [pr.p. ALLUR'ING; p.t. and p.p. ALLURED (al-16rd').] Attract by the prospect of advantage or pleasure; entice; tempt. [See LURE.] SYN. Induce; decoy; lure; invite; in- veigle. ANT. Dissuade; repel; warn. ALLUREMENT (al-lor'ment), n. 1. Act of alluring. 2. That which allures; lure; bait; charm. ALLUSION (al-lo'zhun), n. Indirect reference; hint; suggestion. [L. allusio.] ALLUSIVE (al-lo'siv), a. Hinting at; referring to indirectly. ALLUSIVELY (al-lo'siv-li), adv. In an allusive manner. ALLUVIAL (al-lo'vi-al), a. Deposited by water; pertaining to alluvium. ALLUVION (al-lo'vi-un), n. 1. Earth deposited by a river or flood. 2. An overflowing; flood. 3. A washing of water against a shore or bank. [L. alluvio, an overflowing.] ALLUVIUM (al-lo'vi-um), n. [pi. ALLU'VIA.] Earth washed down and deposited by water. [L., properly neuter of alluvius; from alluo, wash upon.] ALLY (al-li), vt. [pr.p. ALLY'ING; p.t. and p.p. ALLIED (al-lid').] 1. Unite by marriage or treaty. 2. Connect through some relation- ship or interest. [Fr. allier; from L. alligo; ad, to, and ligo, bind.] ALLY (al-li'), n. [pi. ALLIES'.] 1. Person bound to another by kinship or marriage. 2. State bound to another by league or treaty. ALMA MATER (al'ma ma'ter). The college or university at which one has been educated. [L., fostering mother.] ALMANAC (al'ma-nak), n. Book with a calen- dar of months, weeks, days, etc. [Ar. al. the, and manakh, calendar.] ALMIGHTILY (al-mit'i-li), adv. In an al- mighty manner. AL MIGHTINESS (al-mit'i-nes), «. Infinite power. ALMIGHTY (al-mit'i), La. 1. Having un- limited power; omnipotent. 2. Very great; enormous. II. n. [A-] The Creator; God. [A. S. ealmihtig; from eal, all, and mihtig, mighty.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ALMOND 32 ALTAR-PIECE Almond (Primus com- munis). ALMOND (ii'inund), «. 1. Fruit of the al- mond tret, or the tree itself. 2. Any- thing shaped like an almond, as a tonsil. [O. Fr. almende.] ALMONER (ai'mun-er), ». Distributer of alms. ALMONRY (al'mun-ri), n. Place where alms are distributed. ALMOST (al'most), adv. Nearly; well nigh; for the greatest part. [ALL and MOST.] ALMS (amz), n. sing, and pi. Gratuitous gift to the poor; charity. [M. L. elimosina; A. S. celmysse, from the Greek eleos, pity.] ALMSHOUSE (amz'hows), n. Poorhouse. AlNUS (al'nus), n. Bot. Genus of small trees of the oak family; the alders. [L., alder.] ALOE (al'o-e), n. Bot. Genus of plants of the Illy family, of warm countries of the Old World. [Gr. aloe, aloe.] ALOE (al'6), «. Bot. Plant of the genus Aloe. — American aloe, century plant {Agave ameri- cana). ALOES (al'oz), n. sing, and pi. Med. Cathartic, bitter dried Juice of the leaves of several species of the genus Aloe. ALOETIC (al-o-et'ik), a. Of, like, or derived from the aloe or aloes. ALOFT (a-laft), adv. 1. In or to a higher place; on high; above. 2. Nant. At the masthead or in the upper rigging. [From Ice. a loft, in the air.] ALOGIA (al-6'ji-a), n. Inability to speak as a result of lesion of nerve substance. [Gr. a priv. and logos, word.] ALONE (a-lon'), «. 1. Ry one's self; unac- companied. 2. Peerless; unequaled. [ALL and ONE.] ALONG (a-lang'), I. adv. Lengthwise; onward in time or space. II. prep. The length of. [A. S. andlang.] ALONGSHORE (a-lang'shor), adv. Along the shore. ALONGSIDE (a-lang'sid), adv. Ry the side; side by side. ALOOF (a-lof), adv. At a safe distance; apart. ALOPECIA (al-o-pe'si-a), n. Loss of hair in spots; baldness. [Gr.] ALOUD (a-lowd), adv. 1. Audibly. 2. With a loud voice; loudly. ALP (alp), n. 1. High mountain. 2. [pi.] [A-] The lofty mountain range of central Europe. [L. Alpes, the Alps.] ALPACA (al-pak'a), n. 1. Zool. Species of llama (Auchenia pacos) having long fine wool, found in Peru. 2, Its wool. 3. Kind of thin cloth made from the wool. [Sp. from Ar. ah the, and paeo, Peruvian name of the animal.- ] ALPENGLOW (ai'pen=gl6), n. Rosy glow of snow peaks, as seen in the Alps at sunrise or sunset. ALPENHORN (al'pen-harn), n. Long powerful horn, used chiefly by Alpine cowherds. ALPENSTOCK (al'pen-stok), n. Iron-pointed staff used in ascending the Alps or other mountains. ALPHA (al'fa), n. 1. First letter of the Greek alphabet. 2. First or beginning. 3. The brightest star in a constellation. ALPHARET (al'fa-bet), n. 1. Letters of a language. 2. First principles. [Gr. alpha, a, and beta, b.] ALPHARET (al'fa-bet), vt. [pr.p. ALPHA- BETING; p.t. and p.p. AL'PHABETED.] Arrange in alphabetical order; indicate by means of the alphabet; alphabetize. ALPHARETARIAN (al-fa-be-ta'ri-an), n. One engaged in learning the alphabet. ALPHARETIC (al-fa-bet'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the alphabet. 2. Having an alphabet. 3. Alphabetical. ALPHAHETICAL (al-fa-bet'ik-al), a. 1. Ar- ranged in the same order as the letters of the alphabet. 2. Furnished with an alphabet. ALPHARETICALLT (al-fa-betik-al-i), adv. In the order in which the letters of the alphabet stand. ALPHARETICS (al-fa-bet'iks), n. Science of representing languages by written characters. ALPHARETIZE (al'fa-bet-Iz), vt. [pr.p. AL'- PHABETIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALPHABET- IZED (al'fa-bet-izd).] 1. Arrange alphabet- ically. 2. Express by means of letters of the alphabet. ALPHEUS (al-feus), n. Greek Myth. River used by Hercules to clean the Augean stables. ALPINE (al'pin), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or inhabiting the Alps. 2. [a-] Lofty; towering. ALPS (alps), n.pl. Mountain range running through central Europe. ALREADY (al-red'i), adv. Now; up to this time; so soon. [ALL and READY.] ALSACE-LORRAINE (al-sas-lor-ran'), n. Divi- sion of German Empire, ceded by France in 1871. Area 5,600 sq. m. ALSO (also), adv. Likewise; in addition. [ALL and SO.] ALT (alt), a and n. Music. High; high part; alto. [L. altus, high.] ALTAR (al't6r), n. 1. Place for sacred offerings. 2. Communion table. [L. al- tus, high.] ALTAR-PIECE (al'tar-pes), n. Picture or bas-relief over and behind the altar; reredos. Greek Altar. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ALTER 33 ALUNITE ALTER (alter), v. [pr.p. AI/TEEING; p.t. and p.p. ALTERED (al'tSrd).] I. vt. Make a change in; modify; vary. II. vi. Become changed or modified. [L.L. altero; from L. alter, other.] STN. Change; shift; transmute; qual- ify. ANT. Continue; persist; maintain. ALTERABILITY (al-ter-a-bil'i-ti), n. Liability to change. ALTERABLE (al'ter-a-bl), a. Capable of be- ing altered or changed. ALTERABLY (al'ter-a-bli), adv. In an alter- able manner. ALTERANT (al'ter-ant), I. a. Producing change. II. n. 1. Anything that causes a gradual change. 2. Med. An alterative. ALTERATION (al-ter-a'shun), n. 1. Act of altering or state of being altered; modifica- tion. 2. Result of being altered; effected change. ALTERATIVE (al'ter-a-tiv), I. a. Having the power to alter. II. n. Medicine that re- stores the healthy functions of the body. ALTERCATE (al'tgr-kat), vi. Contend in words. [L. altercor, wrangle.] ALTERCATION (al-ter-ka'shun), n. Heated controversy; angry dispute ; squabble; wrangle. ALTERN (al'tern), a. Alternately arranged. [L. alternus; from alter, other.] ALTERNATE (al-ter'nat), I. a. 1. Being or occurring by turns: reciprocal; one after another in regular order. 2. Hot. Having only one branch or leaf from each node, arranged at equal intervals. 3. Every other; every second one. II. n. 1. That which occurs by turns. 2. One designed to take the place of another in case of failure to act. [L. alter rial us, p.p. of alterno; alter, other.] ALTERNATE (al'ter-nat), v. [pr.p. ALTER- NATING; p.t. and p.p. ALTERNATED.] I. vt. Perform by turns; cause to succeed by turns. II. vi. Follow reciprocally; happen or vary by turns. — Alternating current. Elec. Current that rapidly passes back and forward periodically from the positive to the negative direction, in contrast to the continuous current. ALTERNATELY (al-ter'nat-li), adv. By turns; "turn about." ALTERNATION (al-ter-na'shun), n. 1. Recip- rocal succession. 2. Passage to another place and back again. 3. Math. Permutation. 4. JEecl. Responsive service of a liturgy. ALTERNATIVE (al-ter'na-tiv), I. a. Pertaining to either one of two things, excluding the other. II. n. Choice between two things; one of two things. ALTERNATIVELY (al-ter'na-tiv-li), adv. In an alternative manner. ALTERN ATI VENESS (al-ter'na-tiv-nes), n. Quality of being alternative. ALTERNATOR (al'ter-na-tur), n. Alternating current dynamo. ALTHAEA (al-thea), n. Greek Myth. Daugh- ter of Thestius and wife of King GEneus of Calydon. Had three children, Tydeus, Meleager and Deianeira. ALTHING Cal'ting), n. Legislative assembly of Iceland. [Ice.; from allr, all, and thing, court.] ALTHOUGH ( al-tf*6'), con). Admitting; not- withstanding; even if. [See THOUGH.] ALTIMETER (al-tim'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring alititudes trigonometrically. [L. alius, high, and Gr. metron, measure.] ALTIMETRY (al-tim'e-tri), n. Art of meas- uring heights trigonometrically. ALTISCOPE (al'ti-skop), n. Device consisting of a telescopic tube having a right angle at the top and a reverse right angle at the bottom, with mirrors arranged at these points, so as to enable one to see over a wall, etc. [L. alius, high, and Gr. skoped, see.] ALTISSOIO (al-tls'i-mo), a. Music. Highest score of notes in music. [It. altissimo, superl. of alto, high.] ALTITUDE (al'ti-tud), n. Height. [L. alius, high.] ALTO (al'to),n. Music. 1. Originally, the highest part sung by males ; now, the part sung by the lowest female voices. 2. Alto singer. [It. — L. alius, high.] ALTOGETHER (al-to-gefft'er), adv. All to- gether; wholly; completely; without exception. ALTO-RILIEVO (al-t6-re-lya'vo),n. High relief ; figures that project half or more from the surface on which they are sculptured. [It. alto, high. See RELIEF.] ALTRUISM (al'tro-izm), n. Principle of living and acting for the interest of others. ALTRUIST (al'trS-ist), n. Believer in altruism. ALTRUISTIC (al-tro-is'tik), a. According to altruism. ALUDEL (al'o-del), n. Pear-shaped vessel used in subliming mercury. [O. Fr.] ALUM (al'um), n. Common alum is a mineral salt, the double sulphate of aluminum and potash. It crystallizes easily in octahedrons, is soluble in water, has a sweetish-sour taste and Is a powerful astringent. [L. alumen.] ALUMINA (a-16'mi-na), n. The oxide of alu- minum. ALUMINOUS (a-16'mi-nus), a. Containing alumina. ALUMINUM (a-16'mi-num), ALUMINIUM (a- 16'm'n'i-um), n. Metal resembling silver, and remarkable for its lightness and resistance to oxidation. ALUMNA (a-lum'na), n. [pi. ALUM'N^E.] Woman or girl graduate. [L.] ALUMNUS (a-lum'nus), n. [pi. ALUMNI (a- lum'nl).] Male graduate of a college. [L. alumnus, foster son; from alo, nourish.] ALUMNIATE (a-lum'ni-at),n. Period of pupilage. ALUNITE (al'u-nlt), n. Min. Boric sulphate of potassium and aluminum. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, hSr; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ALVEOLAR 34 AMBASSADOR ALVEOLAR (al've-6-lar or al-ve'o-lar), a. Anal. Pertaining to the alveoli, or sockets of the teeth. — Alveolar processes* cavities in which the teeth are fixed; alveoli. ALVEOLUS (al-ve'o-lus), n. [pi. ALVEOLI (al-ve'o-li).] Anat. One of the sockets in which the teeth are set, or other similar cavity. [L. dim. of alveus, cavity.] ALVINE (al'vin), a. Pertaining to or proceeding from the intestines. [From L. alvus, abdomen.] ALWAYS (al'waz), ALWAY (al'wa), adv. Con- tinually; forever; regularly; invariably. [ALL and WAY.] ALYPIN (al'i-pin), n. Anaesthetic drug recently discovered. ALYSSUM (a-lis'um), n. 1. Genus of small plants bearing racemes of fra- grant bright white or yellow flowers. 2. [a-] Plant of this genus. [Gr. alysson; a priv. and lyssa, madness.] AM (am) v. First person, singular present indica-< tive of BE. [A. S. eom, am.] AMAIN (a-man'), adv. With sudden force; at full speed; at once. AMALGAM (a-mal'gam), n. Compound of mer- cury with another metal; any compound or mixture. [Gr. malakos, soft.] AMALGAMATE (a-mal'ga-mat), v. [pr.p. A- MAL'GAMATING; p.t. and p.p. AMALGA- MATED.] I. vt. Mix with mercury ; compound ; combine; unite. II. vi. Combine in an amalgam; blend. AMALGAMATION (a-mal-ga-ma'shun), n. 1. Act or process of forming an amalgam. 2. Union of elements, races, etc., in a homo- geneous whole. AMANUENSIS (a-man-u-en'sis), n. One who writes to dictation; copyist; secretary. [L. ab, from, and mantis, hand.] AMARANTH (am'a-ranth), n. 1. Plant of the genus Amaranthus, with flowers that last long without withering. 2. Imaginary flower that never fades. 3. Color border- ing on purple. [Gr. a priv. and root mar, wither.] AMARANTHINE (am-a-ran'thin), a. 1. Per- taining to or like the amaranth. 2. Unfading ; Immortal. 3. Of a purplish color. AMARYLLIS (am-a-ril'is), n. Bot. Bulbous plant with large bright, lily-shaped flowers. [Gr. amarysso, sparkle.] AMASS (a-mas'), vt. [pr.p. AMASS'ING; p.t. and p.p. AMASSED (a-mast').] Collect in large quantity or amount; accumulate. [L. ad, to, and massa, a mass.] SYN. Herd; gather; aggregate; hoard; Alyssum. ANT. Disperse; dissipate; squander; scat" ter; spend; waste; distribute. AMASSMENT (a-mas'ment), n. Act or result of amassing; accumulation. AMATEUR (am-a-tur'), n. One who culti- vates, practices any art, study, sport, etc., for the mere love of it, and not professionally. The term is sometimes used adjectively. [Fr. — L. amator, lover.] SYN. Dilettante; novice. ANT. Expert; adept; connoisseur. AMATEURISH (am-a-tur'ish), a. Suggestive of an amateur or his work; unskillful; crude. AMATEURISHLY (am-a-tur'ish-li), adv. In the manner of an amateur. AMATEURISHNESS (am-a-tur'ish-nes), n. Quality of being amateurish. AMATEURISM (am-a-tur'izm), n. State of being an amateur or amateurish. AMATIVE (am'a-tiv), a. Relating to love; amo- rous. [L. amatus, p.p. of amo, love.] AMATIVENESS (am'a-tiv-nes), n. Propensity to love; attraction between the sexes. AMATORIAL(am-a-to'ri-al),a. 1. Pertaining to love. 2. Causing love. AMATORY (am'a-to-ri), a. Relating to, or causing love; expressive of love. AMATRICE (am'a-tris), n. Gem stone recently discovered in Utah, consisting chiefly of va- riscite and chalcedony. AMAUROSIS (am-a-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Partial or total loss of sight, without any perceptible external change in the eye. [Gr. o priv. and mauros, dark.] AMAUROTIC (am-a-rot'ik), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with amaurosis. AMAZE (a-maz'),trt. [pr.p. AMAZ'ING; p.t. and p.p. AMAZED (a-mazd').] Confound with sur- prise or wonder; bewilder; astonish. [A- and MAZE.] \ SYN. Stagger; astound; alarm; startle; dumfound; perplex. ANT. Expect; foresee. AMAZEMENT (a-maz'ment), n. 1. State of being amazed; bewilderment. 2. One who or that which amazes; wonder. SYN. Astonishment; surprise; awe; won- der. ANT. Composure; coolness; steadi- ness; calmness; tranquillity. AMAZING (a-maz'ing), a. Bewildering; won- derful. AMAZINGLY (a-maz'ing-li), adv. In an amaz- ing manner. AMAZON (am'a-zon), n. River in South America; over 3,500 m. long and 50 m. wide at mouth. AMAZON (am'a-zon), n. 1. One of a fabled na- tion of female warriors. 2. [A- or a-] Any female warrior; a mannish woman. AMAZONIAN (am-a-zo'ni-an), a. Of or like an Amazon; of masculine manners; warlike. AMB-, AMBI-, prefix. About; around; on both sides. [L. ambo, both.] AMBASSADOR (am-bas'a-dur), n. Diplomatic fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. AMBASSADRESS 35 AMENABLE minister of the highest rank. [Fr. amhas- sadeur; from L. ambactus, servant.] AMBASSADRESS (am-bas'a-dres), n. 1. Fe- male ambassador. 2. Wife of an ambassa- dor. AMBER (am'ber), I. n. Yellowish fossil resin. II. a. Consisting of or resembling amber. [Ar. aribar.] AMBERGRIS (am'ber-gris), n. Fragrant wax- like substance, of a gray color, found on the sea coast of warm countries, and in the intes- tines of the sperm whale. [AMBER, and Fr. gris, gray.] AMBIDEXTER (am-bi-deks'ter), I. a. Using both hands with equal facility; ambidextrous. II. n. 1. One who uses both hands with equal facility. 2. Double-dealer. [L. umbo, both, and deader, right hand.] AMBIDEXTERITY (am-bi-deks-ter'i-ti), n. 1. Quality of being ambidextrous. 2. Duplicity; trickery. AMBIDEXTRAL (am-bi-deks'tral), a. Pertain- ing equally to the right or left side. AMBIDEXTROUS (am-bi-deks'trus), a. 1. Using both hands with equal ease. 2. Siding with both parties; double-dealing. AMBIDEXTROUSLY (am-bi-deks'trus-li), adv. In an ambidextrous manner. AMBIDEXTROUSNESS (am-bi-deks'trus-nes), n. Ambidexterity. AMBIENT (am'bi-ent), a. Surrounding; cir- cling about. [L. ambit about, and eo, go. AMBIGUITY (am-bi-gu'i-ti), n. [pi. AMBI- GUITIES.] 1. Uncertainty or doubleness of meaning. 2. Equivocal term. AMBIGUOUS (am-big'u-us), a. Of doubtful signification. [L. arribiguus; from ambi, around, and ago, drive.] SYN. Equivocal; dubious; uncertain; obscure; perplexing; indefinite. ANT. Clear; plain; lucid; distinct; unambiguous; une- quivocal; explicit; definite. AMBIGUOUSLY (am-big'u-us-li), adv. In an ambiguous manner. A3IBIGUOUSNESS (am-big'u-us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being ambiguous. AMBITION (am-bish'un), n. 1. Desire for hon- or and power. 2. Desire for superiority or excellence. 3. Ruling passion or chief aim of one's life. [L. ambi, about, and eo, itum, go.] AMBITIOUS (am-bish'us), a. 1. Full of ambi- tion; desirous of power; aspiring. 2. Desir- ous of appearing superior; pretentious. 3. Characterized by ambition. AMBITIOUSLY (am-bish'us-li), adv. In an ambitious manner. AMBLE (am'bl), vi. [pr.p. AM'BLING; p.t. and p.p. AMBLED (am'bld).] 1. Move, ride, or walk, at an easy careless gait. 2. Move with an amble. [L. ambulo, walk.] AMBLE (am'bl), n. Gait of a quadruped in which both legs on the same side are moved at the same time. AMBLER (am'bler), w. One who or that which ambles. AMBROSIA (am-bro'zhi-a), n. Fabled food of the gods; delicious food. [Gr. a priv. and brotos, mortal.] AMBROSIAL (am-brd'zhi-aD, a, 1. Of, per- taining to, or of the nature of, ambrosia. 3. Very delicious. AMBROTYPE (am'bro-tip), n. Photographic picture on glass, in which the lights are repre- sented in silver and the shades by a dark back- ground. [Gr. ambrotos, immortal, and TYPE.] AMBULANCE (am'bu- Ians), w. Vehicle for conveying the sick and wounded to hospitals. [L. ambulo, walk.] AMBULANT (am'bu- lant), o. Moving from place to place. AMBULATE (am'bu-lat), vi. [pr.p. AM'bulat- Ambulance. ING; p.t. and p.p. AM'- BULATED.] Move or walk about. AMBULATION (Am-bu-la'shun), n. Act of moving or walking about. AMBULATOR (am'bu-la-tur), n. 1. One who ambulates. 2. Velocipede propelled by push- ing the feet against the ground alternately. AMBULATORY (am'bu-la-to-ri), I. a. That has the power of walking; moving from place to place ; formed for walking. II. n. Space in a building for walking. AMBUSCADE (am-bus-kad'), n. and v. Same as AMBUSH. AMBUSH (am'bosh), vt. [pr.p. AM'BUSHING; p.t. and p.p. AMBUSHED (am'bgsht).] 1. Lie in wait for. 2. Attack suddenly from a concealed position. [It. imbosco; im, in, and bosco, wood.] AMBUSH (am'bosh), n. Lying in wait to attack an enemy by surprise. 2. Place of hiding. 3. Attack. 4. Troops in ambush. AMEER (a-mer'), n. Prince; ruler; emir. [Ar. amir.] AMELIORATE (a-me'li-o-rat), v. [pr.p. AME'- LIORATING; p.t. and p.p. AMELIORATED.] I. vt. Make better; improve. II. vi. Grow better. [L. ad, to, and melioro, make better.] AMELIORATION (a-me-li-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of ameliorating or state of being amelio- rated. 2. Result of ameliorating; improve- ment. AMELIORATIVE (a-me'li-o-ra-tiv), a. Tend- ing to ameliorate. AMEN (a-men' or, in music, a-men'), inter}. So let it be; would it were so. [Heb. amen, truly.] AMEN (a-men') , n. 1. The word amen at the end of a prayer. 2. Hearty consent or assev- eration. AMENABILITY (a-me-na-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being amenable; amenableness. AMENABLE (a-me'na-bl), a. 1. Liable or sub- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, a=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. A3IENABLENESS 36 AMMON ject to. 2. Easy to govern; obedient. [L. ad, to, and mlno, drive.] AMENABLENESS (a-me'na-bl-nes), n. Ame- nability. AMENABLY (a-me'na-bli), adv. In an amena- ble manner. AMEND (a-mend'), v. [pr.p. AMEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. AMEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Improve by correcting faults or supplying deficiencies; rectify. 2. Alter or change as a motion, bill or law. II. vi. Grow better; reform. [L. emendo; from e, out of, and menda, fault.] SYN. Mend; emend; improve; better; repair; advance; correct; rectify; reform. ANT. Impair; blemish; deteriorate; degen- erate; aggravate; corrupt; debase; harm; injure; vitiate; mar; spoil. AMENDABLE (a-mend'a-bl), a. Capable of being amended. AMENDATORY (a-mend'a-to-ri), a. Tending to amend. AMENDE (a-mend' or a-mangd'), n. Recom- pense; reparation; penalty. — Amende hon- orable, public apology or reparation to an injured party. AMENDMENT (a-mend'ment), tion for the better; correction, alteration inserted or to be motion, bill or law. AMENDS (a-mendz'), n.pl. loss; compensation. AMENITY (a-men'i-ti), n. Pleasantness as regards manners, or disposition, ant.] AMENT (am'ent), n. Bot. Kind of inflorescence; catkin. AMENTACEOUS (am-en-ta'shus), a. Pertain- ing, to, resembling, or possessing aments or catkins. AMENTIA (a-men'shi-a), n. Pathol. Partial or total lack of mental power; dementia. [L. a (for ab) from, and mens, mind.] AMERCE (a-mers'), vt. [pr.p. AMERCING; p.t. and p.p. AMERCED (a-merst').] Punish by a fine; mulct; deprive. [From O. Fr. amrr- cier; from a merci, at the mercy of.] A3IERCEMENT (a-mers'- ment), n. 1. Act of amercing or state of being amerced. 2. Fine or penalty imposed. AMERICA (a-mer'i-ka), n. The western continent, North and South America. AMERICAN (a-mer'i-kan), I. a. Pertaining to Ameri- ca, especially to the United States. II. n. 1. Native of America. 2. Citizen of the Benjamin Franklin, United States. American states- A,_ _,__„. , T . , . man, diplomatist, MERICANA (a-mer-i- and author. Born ka'-na), n.pl. Things 1706, died 1790. n. 1. Altera- 2. New part or inserted into a Recompense for a [pi. AMEN'ITIES.] situation, climate, [L. amoznus, pleas- American; any collection of American phrases, doings, literary products, etc. AMERICANISM (a-mer'i-kan-izm), n. Word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Americans. Americanize (a-mer'i-kan-iz), v. [pr.p. AMER'ICANIZING; p.t. and p.p. AMERI- CANIZED.] 1. vt. Imbue with American ideas or methods; render American. II. vi. Re-* come American in customs or ideas. AMETHYST (am'e-thist), n. 1. A bluish- violet variety of quartz. 2. Bluish-violet color. [Gr. a priv. and meihyo, to be drunk; the stone was supposed to prevent drunkenness.] AMETHYSTINE (am-e-this'tin), a. Resembling amethyst; made of or containing amethyst. AMETROPIA (am-e-tro'pi-a), n. Med. Abnor- mal refractory power of the eye. AMIABILITY (a-mi-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being amiable; sweetness of disposition. AMIABLE (a'mi-a-bl), a. Possessed of pleasing qualities; worthy of love. [L. amabilis, lovable.] AMIABLENESS (a'mi-a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being amiable; amiability. AMIABLY (a'mi-a-bli), adv. In an amiable manner. AMIANTHUS (am-i-an'thus), n. 1. Min. Flax- en variety of asbestos. 2. Fabric made from it. [Gr. amiantos, undefiled.] AMICABLE (am'i-ka-bl), a. Friendly ; peaceable. [L. amicabilis; from amicus, friend.] SYN. Intimate; kind; sociable; cordial; neighborly. ANT. Unfriendly; unkind; distant; hostile; inimical; estranged. AMICABLENESS (am'i-ka-bl-nes), n. Quality of being amicable. AMICABLY (am'i-ka-bli), adv. In an amicable manner. AMICE (am'is), n. Oblong piece of linen cover- ing shoulders, worn by priests. AMID (a-mid')» prep. In the midst or middle; among. AMIDE (a'mid), n. High explosive made of charcoal nitrate of ammonia and nitrate of potash. Used as a substitute for gunpowder. AMIDSHIPS (a-mid'ships), adv. Naut. Half way between the stem and stern. AMIDST (a-midsf), prep. In the center of; surrounded by; amid. AMINE (am'in), n. Hydrocarbonate of am- monia, a powerful chemical agent used in connection with electrical analysis. AMIENS (a-me-ang'), n. Capital of Somme, France. AMIR (a-rner'), n. Same as AMEER. AMISS (a-mis'), I. a. Wrong; in error. II. adv. In a faulty manner. [See MISS.] AMITY (ami-ti), n. Friendship; good will. [L. amicus, friend.] SYN. Friendliness; comity; regard; love. ANT. Dissension; animosity; contention. AMMON (am'mon), n. Myth. 1. The Egyptian Jupiter or Zeus. 2. A king of Libya, father to Bacchus. fate, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh—ch in Scotch loch. AMMONIA 37 AMPHISCIANS AMMONIA (am-mo'ni-a), n. 1. Pungent vola- tile alkali in hartshorn. 2. Spirits of harts- horn. AMMONIAC (am-mo'ni-ak), I. a. Ammoniacal. II. n. 1. Sal-ammoniac. 2. Gum ammoniac, the concrete juice of a plant, used in medicine and manufactures. [From Gr. amm&niakon, a resinous gum, said to have exuded from a tree near the temple of Jupiter Ammon.] AMMONIATED (am-mo'ni-a-ted), a. Impreg- nated with ammonia. AMMONITE (am'o-nit), n. Fossil shell of several varieties, all of them chambered and spiral. [So called, because they resemble the horns on the statue of Jupiter Ammon.] AMMUNITION (am-mu-nish'un), n. Anything used for munition or defense; military stores; powder, balls, etc., used for firearms. [Fr. — L. munitio, defense.] AMNESIA (am-ne'si-a), n. Pathol. Loss or im- pairment of memory. [Gr. a priv. and mnao- mai, remember.] AMNESTY (am'nes-ti), n. General pardon for political offenders. [Gr. a priv. and mnestos, remembered.] AMCEBA (a-me'ba), n. [pi. AM(EBASor AlVI«E- BJE.] Common microscopic organism of the simplest structure and constantly changing its shape. [Gr. ameibo, change.] AM03BEAN, AMEBEAN (am-e-be'an), a. 1. Pertaining to the amoeba. 2. Alternately answering. AMONG (a-mung'), AMONGST (a-mungst), prep. 3Iingled with; in the midst or of the number of. [A. S. onmang, gemang, between.] AMOROUS (am'o-rus), a. Inclined to love; fondly in love; enamored. [L. amor, love.] AMOROUSLY (am'o-rus-li), a. In an amorous manner. AMOROUSNESS (am'o-rus-nes), n. Quality of being amorous. AMORPHOUS (a-mar'fus), a. Having no deter- minate form; uncrystallized. [Gr. a priv. and morphea form. AMOUNT (a-mounf), vi. Rise by accumula- lation; come to; result in; be equivalent to. AMOUNT] (a-mounf), n. Whole sum; effect or result; sum total. [O. Fr. amonter — L. ad, to, and mons, mountain.] AMOUR (a-m6r'), n. Love affair; love intrigue. [Fr.] AMPERAGE (am-par 'a j),n. Elec. Number of amperes in a given circuit. AMPERE (am-par'), n. Unit of measurement of electric current strength. (The current pro duced by an electromotive force of one volt and flowing through a circuit of one ohm resistance.) [Named after the French elec- trician, Ampere, who died 1836.] Ampere Meter AMPHI-, prefix. Around; about; with record. on both sides; on all sides; in turn. [Gr. amphi, around, on both sides.] AMPHIBIA (am-fib'i-a), n.pl. Zool. Class of animals which can live indiscriminately on land or in water, or which at one part of their existence live in water and at another on land, as frogs, toads and newts. [Gr. amphi, both, and bios, life.] AMPHIBIAN (am-fib'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to an amphibious animal, or to the Am- phibia. II. n. Animal belonging to the class Amphibia. AMPHIBIOUS (am-fib'i-us), a. Living both under water and on land; suited to live on land or in water. [Gr. amphi, both, and bios, life.] AMPHIBIOUSLY (am-fib'i-us-li), a. In the manner of an amphibian. AMPHIBIOUSNESS (am-fib'i-us-nes), n. Qual- - ity of being amphibious. AMPHIBOLOGY (am-fi-bol'o-ji), n. Sentence so arranged as to admit of two different inter- pretations. [Gr. amphibolos, equivocal, and logos, word.] AMPHIBOLOUS (am-fib'o-lus), a. Doubtful; ambiguous. AMPHIBRACH (am'fi-brak), n. Trisyllabic foot, consisting of a long or accented syllable between two short or unaccented ones. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and brachys, short.] AMPHICARPOUS (am-fi-kar'pus), a. Bot. Bearing fruit of two kinds, either as regards form or period of ripening. [Gr. amphi, both, and karpos, fruit.] AMPHICTYONIC (am-fik-ti-on'Jk), a. Pertain- ing to the Amphictyons, or council (Amphic- tyony) of deputies from twelve states of Greece, who sat alternately at Thermopylae and Del- phi. [Gr. amphiktyones, neighbors.] AMPHION (am-fi'on) n. Greek Myth. A son of Jupiter, greatly skilled in music; at the sound of his lute the stones arranged themselves so regularly as to make the walls of the city of Thebes. AMPHIOXUS (am-fi-oks'us), n. Ich. Small fish- like marine animal tapering at both ends; considered the lowest of vertebrate forms; the lancelet. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and oxus, shark.] AMPHIPOD (am'fi-pod), n. One of the Amphi- poda. AmPHIPODA (am-fi-pd'da), n.pl. Order of Crustacea, usually with fourteen feet, as the beach flea. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and pous, podos, foot.] AMPHIPROSTYLE (am-fip'ro-stil), n. Arch. Temple with pillars before and behind, but none at the sides. [Gr. amphiprostylos, having a double prostyle.] AMPHISCIANS (am-fish'anz), AMPHISCII (am- fish'i-i), n.pl. The inhabitants of the torrid zone, so called because their shadows fall to the north one season and to the south the other. [Gr. amphi, both, and skia, shadow.] ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 1zh~ch in Scotch loch. AMPHITHEATER 38 AMUSEMENT AMPHITHEATER, AMPHITHEATRE (am-fl-the'a-ter), n. Oval or circular the- ater, with the arena In the middle, and rows of seats all round, rising higher as they recede from the arena. [Gr. am- phitheatron; from amphi, around, and Amphitheater. _ theatron, theater.] AMPHITRITE (am-fl-tri'te), n. Greek Myth. 1. The wife of Neptune and a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys; the mother of Triton. 2. One of the Nereides. AMPHITROPOUS (am-fit'ro-pus), a. Bot, Half inverted, as the ovule when its axis becomes parallel with the placenta. AMPHITRYON (am-fit'ri-on), n. Greek Myth. Husband of Alcmena, whose hand he won by avenging the death of Electryon's sons; son of Alcaeus. AMPHITTPE (am'fi-tip), n. Photographic process for making pictures interchangeable to either positive or negative. [AMPHI- and TYPE.] AMPHORA (am'- fo-ra), n. [pi. AM'PHOKI.] Two -handled vessel, usually made of clay, and used for holding wine, oil, honey, etc. [L. from Gr. am- phi, around, and phero, bear.] AMPHORAE (am'fo-ral), o. resembling an amphora. AMPLE (am'pl), a. 1. Of large dimensions; of great capacity; spacious; extensive. 2. Large in quantity or degree; complete; full. 3. Fully sufficient; liberal. [L. amplus, large.] SYN. Perfect; capacious; copious; ex- pansive; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; flush; large; diffusive. ANT. Narrow; nig- gardly; stingy; insufficient; deficient; scant; inadequate. AMPLENESS (am'pl-nes), n. Quality of being ample. AMPLEXICAUL (am-pleks'i-kaD, a. Bot. Hav- ing the petiole dilated at the base and partially embracing the stems. [L. amplexus, p.p. of amplector, embrace, and caulis, stem.] AMPLIATIVE (am'pli-a-tiv), a. Logic. Adding to, or amplifying, what is already known. AMPLIFICATION (am-pli-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. En- largement; the act of amplifying. 2. Diffu- siveness of description or argument. AMPLIFICATIVE (am'pli-fl-ka-tiv), a. Tending to amplify. Amphorae. Pertaining to or AMPLIFICATOR (am'pli-fl-ka-tur), n. One who or that which amplifies; amplifier. AMPLIFICATORY (am'pli-fi-ka-to-ri), a. Serv- ing to amplify or enlarge. AMPLIFIER (am'pli-fi-er), n. One who or that which amplifies or enlarges. AMPLIFY (am'pli-fi), v. [pr.p. AMPLIFYING ; p.t. and p.p. AMPLIFIED (am'pli-fld).] I. vt. Make more copious in expression; add to. II. vi. Be diffuse in argument or description; dilate. [L. amplus, large, and facio, make.] AMPLITUDE (am'pli-tud), n. 1. Quality of being ample; largeness; extent. 2. Extent of power or means. 3. Straight horizontal line measuring the distance between the starting point and the terminal of a movement, as the range of a gun. 4. Astron. Angular distance on the horizon from the true east or west. [L. amplitudo.] AMPLY (am'pli), adv. In an ample manner; completely. AMPULLA (am-pul'a), n. [pi. AMPULLA.] 1. Bom. Antiq. Glass or earthenware ves- sel, nearly globular in form and having a slender neck. 2. Eccl. Vessel for the wine of the eucharist or for the holy oil. 3. Anat. Dilation in the semi- circular canals of the Ampul a. ear. 4. Bot. Flask-like organ on a root or immersed leaf of an aquatic plant. [L.] AMPUTATE (am'pu-tat), vt. [pr.p. AMPU- TATING; p.t. and p.p. AMPUTATED.] Surg. Cut off, as a limb or a portion of a limb. [L. amputatus, p.p. of amputo; from ambi, around, and puto, trim.] AMPUTATION (am-pu-ta/shun), n. Act of amputating. AMPUTATOR (am'pu-ta-tur), n. One who am- putates. AMSTERDAM (am'ster-dam), n. Seaport and chief city of the Netherlands. AMUCK (a-muk'), adv. In a state of frenzy. — Bun amuck, rush about in a state of frenzy and attack and murder people indiscrimi- nately. [Malay, amoq, engaging furiously in battle.] AMULET (am'u-let), n. Gem or other object carried about the person, as a charm against evil. [L. amuletum, charm.] AMUSABLE (a-mu'za-bl), a. Easily amused. AMUSE (a-muz'), vt. [pr.p. AMU'SING; p.t. and p.p. AMUSED (a-muzd').j 1. Entertain or divert the mind of, with something pleas- ing. 2. Excite to mirth. [Fr. amuser.] SYN. Beguile; entertain; divert; interest; disport. ANT. Distract; annoy; weary; bore. AMUSEMENT (a-muz'ment), n. 1. That which fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh^cft, in Scotch loch. AMUSING 39 ANALEPSIS amuses; diversion; sport; recreation. 2. State of being amused or agreeably entertained. AMUSING (a-mu'zing), a. Affording amuse- ment; laughable. AMUSIVE (a-mu'ziv), a. Amusing. AMUSIVELY (a-mu'ziv-li), adv. In an amusive manner. AM VIS (am' vis), n. High explosive composed principally of ammonium nitrate. [L. vis, strength.] AMYGDALATE (a-mig'da-lat), a. Pertaining to or made of almonds. [Gr. amygdale, almond.] AMYGDALINE (a-mig'da-lin), a. Resembling almonds. AMYL (am'il), n. Radical of fusil oil. [Gr. amylon, starch, and hyle, matter.] AMYLACEOUS (am-i-la'shus), a. Relating to starch; starchy. AMYLACETATE (am-i-las'e-tat), n. Soluble starch solution, made by dissolving starch in water and adding any kind of acid. AMYLENE (am'i-len), n. Colorless, mobile liquid obtained by distilling amyl alcohol. AN (an). Form of the indefinite article, used before words beginning with the sound of a vowel. [A. S. ane.] AN-. 1. Form of the Greek prefix a-. 2. Form of the Greek prefix ana-. -AN, suffix. Pertaining or belonging to. [L. anus.] ANA-, prefix. Up; back; as, analyze, anatomy. [Gr.] -ANA, suffix. Belonging to; denoting a collec- tion of; such as sayings, anecdotes, etc., as Johnsoniana. [L.] ANABAPTIST (an-a-bap'tist), n. One who opposes infant baptism and insists upon baptism of adults by immersion. A.NABAS (an'a-bas), n. Ich. Genus of fishes that can travel on land and climb trees. Gr., from ana, up, and baino, go.] ANABASIS (a-nab'a-sis), n. A military advance into the interior of a country. [Gr. ana, up, and baino, go.] ANABOLISM (an-ab'o-lizm), n. Biol. That part of metabolism during which food is con- verted into living matter. [See CATABOLISM and METABOLISM.] [Gr. anahole, a rising up.] ANACHORISM (an-ak'o-rizm), n. Something inconsistent with, or foreign to, the country to which it is referred. [Gr. ana, back, and choros, country.] ANACHRONISM (an-ak'ro-nizm), n. 1. The placing of an event, custom, etc., at a wrong chronological date or period. 2. Something occurring before or surviving after its proper time. [Gr. ana, back, and chronos, time.] ANACHRONISTIC (an-ak-ro-nis'tik), a. Per- taining to or involving an anachronism. ANACHRONOUS (an-ak'ro-nus), a. Anachro- nistic. ANACONDA (an-a-kon'da), n. 1. Large snake of Ceylon. 3. Species of boa of South America. ANACREONTIC (an-ak-re-on'tik), I. a. In the manner of Anacreon, a celebrated Greek lyric poet, who lived about 540 B.C.; in praise of love and wine. II. n. 1. A poem in this manner. 2. Verse composed in the meter used by Anacreon, consisting of three trochees and one long syllable. ANADROM (an'a-drom), n. Anadromous fish. ANADROMOUS (an-ad'ro-mus), a. Ascending rivers to spawn, as the shad or salmon. [Gr. ana, up, and dromos, a run.] ANEMIA, ANEMIA (a-ne'mi-a), n. Pathol. 1. Morbid want of blood; condition of the body after great loss of blood. 2. Morbid deficiency of the blood in some ingredient or quality. [Gr. anaimia; from an priv. and haima, blood.] ANAEMIC, ANEMIC (a-nem'ik), a. Of, pertain- ing to, or characterized by anaemia. ANAESTHESIA, ANESTHESIA (an-es-thS'zhi-a), n. Loss of the sense of touch produced by some drug or disease. [Gr. a priv. and cesthesis, sensation.] ANESTHETIC, ANESTHETIC (an-es-thet'lk), I. a. Producing anaesthesia. II. n. Drug that produces insensibility. ANESTHETIZE (an'es-the-tiz), vt. [pr.p. ANESTHETIZING; p.U and p.p. ANAES- THETIZED (an'es-the-tizd).] Render insen- sible by means of anaesthetics. ANAGLYPH (an'a-glif), n. Figure or ornament cut in low relief, as a cameo. [Gr. ana, up, and glyphe, carving.] ANAGLYPHIC (an-a-glif'ik), a. Pertaining to, ornamental with, or worked as, an anaglyph. ANAGOGE (an-a-go'je), n. 1. Mystical sig- nificance. 2. Application of the mind to spiritual mysteries. [Gr. ana, up, and ago, lead.] ANAGOGIC (an-a-goj'ik), ANAGOGICAL (an-a- goj'i-kal), a. Having a mythical meaning; mythical; allegorical. ANAGRAM (an'a-gram), n. Word or phrase formed by transposing the letters of another. [Gr. ana, again, and grapho, write.] ANAGRAMMATICAL (an-a-gram-mat'i-kal), a. Referring to an anagram. ANAGRAMMATIZE (an-a-gram'a-tiz), vt. [pr.p. ANAGRAM'MATIZING; p.U and p.p. ANA- GBAMMATIZED (an-a-gram'a-tizd).] To form into anagrams. ANAL (a'nal), a. Pertaining to or found near the anus. ANALECT (an'a-lekt), n. [pi. ANALEC'TA or AN'ALECTS.] Choice fragment; best part; selection. [Gr. analektos; from ana, up, and lego, gather.] ANALECTIC (an-a-lek'tik), a. Pertaining to or composed of analects. ANALEPSIS (an-a-lep'sis), n. Pathol. 1. Re- covery of strength, as after sickness. 2. Epilepsy due to stomach disorder. [Gr., from ana, up, and lambanS, take.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl; then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ANALEPTIC 40 ANATOMY ANALEPTIC (an-a-lep'tik), I. a. Restorative; reinvigorating. II. n. Strengthening medicine ; tonic. ANALGESIA (an-al-je'si-a), n. Pathol. In- capacity of feeling pain in a part, whether in health or disease. [Gr., from an priv. and algos, pain.] ANALGESIC (an-al-jes'ik), I. a. Having the quality of allaying pain. II. n. Medicine that allays pain. ANALGETIC (an-al-jet'ik), a. Relating to or characterized by analgesia. ANALOGICAL (an-a-loj'i-kal), a. Implying analogy. ANALOGICALLY (an-a-loj'i-kal-i), adv. In an analogical manner. ANALOGIZE (an-al'o-jlz), v. [pr.p. ANALO- GIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANALOGIZED (an-al'o- jizd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to he analogous. 2. Illustrate by analogy. II. vi. Use an- alogy. ANALOGOUS (an-al'o-gus), o. Having analogy; similar. ANALOGUE (an'a-log), n. That which bears an analogy to something else. ANALOGY (a-nal'o-ji), n. [pi. ANAL'OGIES.] 1. Likeness of relations of things otherwise different. 2. Likeness. (Figures of speech are based on analogy, as in calling learning a light.) [Gr. ana, according to, and logos, ratio.] ANALYSIS (a-nal'i-sis), n. [pi. ANAL'YSES.] Resolving or separating a thing into its ele- ments or component parts. [See ANALYZE.] ANALYST (a-nal'ist), n. One skilled in analysis. ANALYTIC (an-a-ht'ik), ANALYTICAL (an-a- lit'ik-al), a. Pertaining to analysis; resolving into first principles. ANALYTICALLY (an-a-lit'i-kal-i), adv. In an analytical manner. ANALYTICS (an-a-lit'iks), n. Science of analysis. ANALYZABLE (an'a-H-za-bl), o. Capable of being analyzed. ANALYZATION (an-a-li-za'shun), n. Act of analyzing. ANALYZE (an'a-liz), vt. [pr.p. ANALYZING; p.t. and p.p. ANALYZED (an'a-lizd).] Resolve a thing into its constituent elements; make a critical examination of. [Gr. ana, back again, and lyo, loosen, solve.] ANALYZER (an'a-U'zer), n. One who or that which analyzes. ANAMESE. Same as ANNAMESE. ANAMORPHOSIS (an-a-mar'fo-sis), n. i. Opt. Distorted representation of an object, which, when viewed from a certain point, or reflected from a curved mirror, appears regu- lar and in right proportion. 2. Bot. Anom- alous development of any part of a plant. [Gr. ana, back, and morphS, form.] ANANDROUS (an-an'drus), a. Bot. Destitute of stamens. [Gr. an priv. and -AND ROUS.] ANANTHOUS (an-an'thus), a. Flowerless. [Gr. an priv. and anthos, flower.] ANANYM (an'a-nim), n. Name written back- ward. [Gr. ana, back, and onyma, name.] ANAPEST, ANAPAEST (an'a-pest), n. Metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short and the third long, or (in Eng.) two unac- cented and the third accented. [Gr. ana, back, and paid, strike.] ANAPESTIC, ANAPAESTIC (an-a-pes'tik), a. Of or pertaining to anapests; consisting of anapests. ANAPLASTIC (an-a-plas'tlk), a. Pertaining to anaplasty. ANAPLASTY (an'a-plas-ti), n. Skin-grafting. [Gr., from ana, back, and plassd, form.] ANARCH (an'ark), n. Promoter of anarchy; anarchist. [From Gr. an priv. and arehos, ruler.] ANARCHIC (an-ar'kik), ANARCHICAL (an-ar'- kik-aD, a. Pertaining to or characterized by anarchy. ANARCHISM (an'ar-kizm), n. Doctrine or practice of anarchists. ANARCHIST (an'ar-kist), n. One who advo- cates, excites or promotes anarchy; one who favors the assassination of rulers as a means of abolishing government. ANARCHY (an'ar-ki), n. 1. Theory of abolition of the government of man by man. 2. Society without government. 3. Want of social order. [Gr. an priv. and archil, government.] ANASTOMOSIS (a-nas-to-mo'sis), n. [pi. ANAS- TOMO'SES.] An interlacing or running to- gether, as two or more arteries or veins; inos- culation. [Gr. from ana, again, and stoma, mouth.] ANASTOMOTIC (an-a-sto-mot'ik), a. 1. Per- taining to anastomosis. 2. Tending to open the mouths of blood-vessels or veins. ANASTROPHE, ANASTROPHY (an-as'tro-fl), n. Bhet. Inversion of the natural order of words, as "down went he." [Gr. ana, back, and strepho, turn.] ANATHEMA (a-nath'e-ma), n. 1. Ecclesiastic- al curse; curse. 2. Person cursed. [Gr.] ANATHEMATIZE (a-nath'e-ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. ANATH'EMATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANATH- EMATIZED (a-nath'e-ma-tizd).] Pronounce an anathema against; curse. ANATOMIC (an-a-tom'ik), ANATOMICAL (an- a-tom'i-kal), a. Relating to anatomy. ANATOMICALLY (an-a-tom'i-kal-1 )» adv. In an anatomical manner. ANATOMIST (a-nat'o-mist), n. One skilled *n anatomy. ANATOMIZATION (a-nat-o-mi-za'shun), n. Dissection; analysis. ANATOMIZE (a-nat'o-mlz), vt. [pr.p. ANAT'O- MIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANATOMIZED (a-nat- o-mizd).] 1. Dissect. 2. Examine critically; analyze. ANATOMY (a-natVmi), n. 1. Art of dissecting. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/t, in Scotch Loch. ANATKOPQUS ■ANDROUS 2. Science of the structure of the body, learned by dissection. 3. Bodily frame; skeleton. [Gr. ana, up, and temno, cut.] ANATROPOUS (a-nat'ro-pus), a. Bot, Invert- ed, as the ovule when reversed. ANC^EUS (an-se'us), n. Greek Myth. Son of Lycurgus; was with the Argonauts; about to taste a cup of wine, he was called to the chase and killed by a boar as predicted by a servant. -ANCE, suffix. Forms nouns denoting action, state, or quality from adjectives ending in -ant, or from verbs directly, as significance, forbearance. [Fr. -ance; from L. -antia.] ANCESTOR (an'ses-tur), n. Progenitor; fore- father. [L. ante, before, and cedo, go.] ANCESTRAL (an-ses'tral), a. Pertaining to or derived from an ancestor or ancestors. ANCESTRESS (an'ses-tres), n. Female ancestor. ANCESTRY (an'ses-tri), n. 1. Line of ancestors; lineage. 2. The relation with one's ances- tors; good descent. ANCHISES (an-ki'sez), n. Greek Myth. Son of Capys, and father, by Aphrodite, of iEneas. ANCHOR (ang'kfir), n. 1. Hooked iron Instrument that holds a ship, being dropped by chain or cable to bottom of water. 2. Anything that gives stability or security. [Gr. agkos, bend, hook.] ANCHOR (ang'kfir), v. [pr.p. ANCHORING; p.t. and p.p. ANCHORED (ang'kurd).] I. vt. 1. Fasten or secure by an anchor. 2. Fasten firmly; fix abidingly. II. vi. 1. Cast. anchor; stop; rest. 2. Become fixed. ANCHORAGE (ang'kur-aj), n. 1. Ground for anchoring. 2. Support that holds on like an anchor. 3. Duty imposed on ships for an- choring. 4. Act of anchoring or state of being anchored. ANCHORESS (ang'kfir-es), n. Female anchoret. ANCHORET (ang'kfir-et), ANCHORITE (ang'- kflr-it), n. One who has withdrawn from the world; a hermit. [Gr. ana, back, and choreo, go.] ANCHOVY (an-cho'vi), n. [pi. ANCHOVIES.] Small fish of the herring kind, about three Inches long. [Sp. anchova.] ANCIENT (an'shent), I. a. 1. Of the times long gone by. Opposed to MODERN. 2. Having existed a long time; very old. II. n. 1. [pi.] People in ancient times. 2. Old person; patri- arch. [Fr. ancicn; from L. ante, before.] SYN. Antique; antiquated; obsolete; primitive; old-fashioned; primeval; pri- mordial. ANT. New; young; modern; fresh; recent; late; novel; up-to-date. ANCIENTLY (an'shent-li), adv. Of old; formerly. ANCIENTNESS (an'shent-nes), n. Quality of being ancient. Anchor. ANCILLARY (an'sil-la-ri), a. Subsidiary; subservient; subordinate. [L. ancillaris— ancilla, female servant.] ANCIPITAL (an-sip'i-tal), a. 1. Two-headed. 2. Two-edged. [L. anceps, ancipitis, two- headed.] ANCIPITATE (an-sip'i-tat), ANCIPITOUS (an- sip'i-tus), a. Ancipital. ANCON (ang'kon), ANCONE (ang'kon), n. 1. Anat. The enlarged upper end of the ulna, forming the sharp point of the elbow; ole- cranon. 2. Arch. Elbow-shaped support, as a cornice or corbel. 3. [A-] Name given to Panama canal zone anchorage. [Gr. ankoiu bend.] ANCONA (an-ko'ng,), n. Province and city in eastern Italy. -ANCY, suffix. Same as -ANCE. AND (and), cony. Signifies addition, and is used as a connective. [A. S.] ANDALUSIA (an-da-16'zi-a), n. District in southern Spain. ANDANTE (an-dan'te), a. In Music, moder- ately slow; expressive. [It.] ANDERMATT (an'der-mat), n. Village in Switzerland. Center for tourists. ANDERSONVILLE (an'der-sun-vil), n. Town in Georgia; seat of Confederate prison during Civil War. ANDES (an'dez), n.pl. Chain of mountains in S. America, extending from Isthmus of Pana- ma to Cape Horn, 4,500 m. ANDIRON (and'i-urn), n. Iron support for wood in open fireplace; mov- able fire-iron; fire-dog. [A. S. brandisen.] ANDROGYNAL (an-droj'i-nal), a. Same as ANDROGYNOUS. ANDROGYNOUS (an-droj'i- nus), a. 1. Presenting the characteristics of both sexes in the same indi- vidual, as snails, earth worms, etc. 2. Bot. Bearing both stamens and pistils in the same flower or cluster. [Gr. androgynes.] ANDROID (an'droid), I. a. Having the form of a man. II. n. Automaton in the shape of a human being. ANDROMACHE (an-drom'a-ke), n. Greek Myth. Hector's wife, famed for her domes- ticity. ANDROMEDA (an-drom'e-da) n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Cepheus, by Cassiope; tied to a rock and exposed to a sea monster; rescued and married by Perseus. -ANDROUS, suffix. Bot. Having a stamen or stamens. [Gr. anSr, andros, man.] Andiron. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh~ch in Scotch loch. ANECDOTAL 42 ANGIOSPER3IAL ANECDOTAL (an'ek-do-tal), a. Pertaining to anecdotes. ANECDOTE (an'ek-dot), n. Isolated incident of life; short story. [Gr. an priv. and ekdotos, published — ek, out, and didomi, give.] ANECDOTIC (an-ek-dot'ik), ANECDOTICAL (an-ek-dot'ik-al), a. 1. Anecdotal. 2. Ad- dicted to telling anecdotes. ANELECTRODE (an-e-lek'trod), n. Positive pole of a galvanic battery; anode. ANE31IA, ANE31IC. Same as ANEMIA, ANAEMIC. ANE3IOGRAPH (a-nem'o-graf), n. Apparatus which registers the direction or force of the wind or both. [Gr. anemos, wind, and grapho, write.] ANEMOGRAPHY (an-e-mog'ra-fi), n. 1. De- scription of the winds. 2. Art of recording direction and velocity of winds. ANEMOLOGY (an-e-mol'o-ji), n. Science of the winds. ANEMOMETER (an-e- mom'e-ter), n. Instru- ment for measuring the force of the wind. [Gr. anemos, wind, and ME- TER.] ANEMOMETRIC (an-e- mo-met'rik), ANEMO- METRICAL (an-e-mo- met'ri-kal), a. Pertain- ing to anemometry. ANEMOMETRY (an-e- mom'e-tri), n. Act or art of measuring the velocity of the wind. ANEMONE (a-nem'o-ne), n. 1. Plant of the crow-foot family; wind-flower. 2. Sea- anemone. [Gr. anemos, wind.] ANEMOSCOPE (a-nem'o-skop), n. Instrument for indicating the direction of the wind. [Gr. anemos, wind, and -SCOPE.] ANENT (a-nenf), prep. 1. Opposite. 2. About; concerning. [A. S. anefen, even with.] ANEROID (an'e-roid), I. a. Containing no liquid. II. n. Barometer without liquid or quick-silver. [Gr. a priv. and neros, wet.] ANESTHESIA, ANESTHETIC, etc. Same as ANESTHESIA, ANESTHETIC, etc. ANETIC (an-et'ik), a. Med. Soothing; allay- ing pain; anodyne. [Gr. anetikos, relaxing; from ana, back, and hiemi, send.] ANEURISM (an'u-rizm) n. Soft pulsating tu- mor arising from the dilatation of an artery. [Gr. ana, up, and eurys, wide.] ANEURISMAL (an-u-riz'mal), a. Of, affected with, or pertaining to, an aneurism. ANEW (a-nu')> adv. Newly; again. ANGEL (an'jel), n. 1. Divine messenger; min- istering spirit. 2. Numis. Old English coin of the value of 10 shillings, bearing the figure of an angel. [Gr. aggelos, messenger.] ANGEL-FISH (an'jel-flsh), n. Fish of the shark family about seven feet long, deriving its name Anemometer. from the fact that its pectoral fins present the appearance of wings. ANGEL-FOOD (an'jel-fod), n. Delicate white cake, composed chiefly of beaten whites of eggs, powdered white sugar and sifted wheat flour. ANGELIC Can-Jel'ik), a. Of the nature of angels; pertaining to angels. ANGELICA (an-jel'i-ka), n. 1. Genus of aro- matic plants of the parsley family, 2. [a-] Plant of this genus. 3. [A-] Variety of sweet white wine, of California. [L. angelus; Gr. aggelos. angel.] ANGELICAL' (an-jel'i-kal), a. Angelic. ANGELICALLY (an-jel'i-kal-i), adv. In an angelic manner. ANGELIFY (an-jel'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. ANGEL'DJY- ING; p.t. and p.p. ANGELIFD3D (an-jel'i-fid).] Render angelic. ANGELOLATRY (an-jel-ol'a-tri), n. Angel- worship. ANGELOLOGY (an-jel-ol'o-ji), n. Branch of theology that treats of angels. ANGELUS (an'jel-us), n. 1. Prayer to Virgin Mary. 2. Bell tolled at 6 A. M., noon and 6 P. M., when the prayer is to be recited. 3. Name of famous painting by Millet. ANGER (ang'ger), n. 1. Violent, vindictive emotion excited by real or imaginary injury* 2. Inflammation. [Ice. angr, grief ; connected with L. ango, strangle.] SYN. Wrath; rage; fury; clioler ; exasper- ation; irritation; passion; indignation; re- sentment; animosity; temper. ANT. Self- control; forbearance; pcacefulness; pa- tience; gentleness. ANGER (ang'ger), v. [pr.p. AN'GERING; p.t. and p.p. ANGERED (ang'gerd).] I. vt. Make angry. II. vi. Become angry. ANGINA (an-ji'na or an'ji-na), n. Pathol. Any inflammatory disease of the throat. — Angina pectoris, spasms of the chest; neuralgia of the heart. [L. ango, strangle.] ANGINAL (an'ji-nal), a. Anginous. ANGINOUS (an'ji-nus), a. Pertaining to or partaking of angina. ANGIOGRAPHY (an-ji-og'ra-fi), n. Anat. De- scription of the vessels of the body, arteries, veins, lymphatics etc. [Gr. angeion, vessel, and -GRAPHY.] ANGIOLOGY (an-ji-ol'o-ji), n. That branch of physiology which deals with the blood vessels and lymphatics. [Gr. angeion, vessel, and -LOGY.] ANGIOSPERM (an'ji-o-sperm), n. Bot. Plant of the larger division of exogens, with seeds in a pericarp. [Gr. angeion, vessel, and sperma, seed.] ANGIOSPERMAL (an-ji-o-sper'maD, ANGIO- SPERMATOUS (an-ji-o-sper'ma-tus), AN- GIOSPERMOUS (an-ji-o-sper-mus), a. Bot. Having the seeds in a closed seed-vessel, as the pea, apple, maple, oak, etc. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=e/& in Scotch loch. ANGIOSPOROUS 43 ANGUISH ANGIOSPOROUS (an-ji-os'po-rus), a. Bot. \ Having receptacles for inclosing the spores. ANGIOTOMY (an-ji-ot'o-mi), n. Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics. [Gr. an- geion, vessel, and tome, a cutting.] ANGLE (ang'gl), n. 1. Geom. Inclination to each other of two intersecting straight lines or surfaces; point; corner; edge. 2. Place between two intersecting lines or surfaces; nook. 3. Projecting corner. — Acute angle, one of less than 90°. — Adjacent angles, two angles having vertices at the same point and one side in common. — Obtuse angle, one greater than 90°. — Might angle, one of 90 degrees. — Solid angle, one formed by three or more planes meeting in one point. — Sup- plementary angles, two angles whose sum makes a right angle. — Visual or optic an- gle, angle formed in the center of the eye by two lines drawn from the extremities of the object. [Fr.; from L. angulus, corner.] Obtuse angle. Acute angle. Right angle. ANGLE (ang'gl), n. 1. Fishhook; fishing tackle. 2. Act of fishing with hook and line. [A. S. angel, hook, fishhook.] ANGLE (ang'gl), vi. Ipr.p. AN'GLING; p.t. and p.p. ANGLED (ang'gld).] 1. Fish with a rod, line and hook. 2. Try to gain or get any per- son or thing by some artifice. ANGLEMETER (ang'gl-me-ter), n. Modified sextant for measuring height of buildings, hills, etc., or the width of rivers. ANGLER (ang'gler), n. 1. One who angles; one who fishes with rod, line and hook. 2. Zool. Large fish having an enormous head, on which are two elongated filaments, which are said to lure small fish within its reach. ANGLES (ang'glz), n.pl. German tribe who emigrated to Britain, and from whom the country was named England (Angle-land). ANGLE- WORM ( ang'gl- wurm), n. Earthworm used by anglers for bait. ANGLICAN (ang'gli-kan), I. a. I. English. 2. Pertaining to the established church of Eng- land. II. n. Member of the church of Eng- land; high-churchman. ANGLICANISM (ang'gli-kan-ism), n. 1. Attach- ment to English institutions, especially the church of England 2. Principles of the Eng- lish (Episcopal) Church. ANGLICE (ang'gli-se), adv. In the fashion or manner of the English. [N. L.] ANGLICISM (ang'gli-sizm),n. I. English idiom or peculiarity of language. 2. English notion, custom, or trait. Anglicize (ang'gii-siz), vt. [pr.p. Angli- cizing; p.t. and p.p. AN'GLICIZED.] Give an English form to; express in English idiom. Anglus, pi. ANGLO-. Combining form of L Angli, the Angles, or English. Anglo-American (ang-gio-a-mer'i-kan), i. c. Pertaining to the English and the Ameri- cans, or to the descendants of English people In the United States. II. n. Native of America of English parentage. ANGLO-INDIAN (ang-glo-in'di-an), a. Per- taining to the English in East India. ANGLOMANIA (ang-gl6-ma'nl-a), n. Mania on the part of a person belonging to another country to imitate whatever is English. ANGLOMANIAC (ang-glo-ma'ni-ak), n. One affected with Anglomania. Anglophobia (ang-gio-fo'bi-a), n. Hatred of the English or of everything English. ANGLO-SAXON (ang-glo-saks'un), I. a. Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons, or to their language. II. n. 1. One of the Anglo-Saxon race, mixture of the Angles and Saxons, Teu- tonic tribes, who settled in England about A. D. 449. 2. Language of the Anglo-Saxons. ANGOLA (an-go'la), n. Same as ANGORA. ANGOR (ang'giir), n. Pathol. Anxiety accom- panied with constriction in the pectoral re- gion. [L.] Angora (an- go'ra), n. 1. City in Asia Minor. 2. An- gora goat. 3. Light dress goods made from the wool of the Angora goat . — A n - gora goat, variety of goat found near Angora, in Asia Minor remarkable fine, silky hair. — Angora cat, having long silky hair. ANGRILY (ang'gri-li), adv. In an angry man- ner; under the influence of anger. ANGRINESS (ang'gri-nes), n. State of being angry. ANGRY (ang'gri), a. [comp. AN'GBIER; superl. AN'GRIEST.] 1. Excited with anger. 2. Caused or affected by, or as by, anger. 3. Med. Inflamed. SYN. Passionate; irritated; indignant; incensed; provoked; wroth; wrathful; ra- ging; furious; choleric; exasperated; Infu- riated; ireful; irate. ANT. Peaceful; for- giving; forbearing; calm; unresentful. ANGUIPED (ang'gwi-ped), a. Having a serpent- like body with legs. [L. unguis, snake; pes, foot.] ANGUISH (ang'gwish), n. Excessive pain of body or mind; agony. [L. ango, strangle.] SYN. Pang; torment; torture; rack; Angora goat (Capra angorensis). for its long, domestic cat fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; n=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn. ANGUISH 44 ANKLET excruciation. ANT. Pleasure; luxury; en- joyment; voluptuousness. ANGUISH (ang'gwish), v. [pr.p. AN'GUISHING; p.t. and p.p. ANGUISHED (ang'-gwisht).] I. vt. Inflict anguish upon; cause excessive bodily pain or mental distress to. II. vi. Suffer extreme grief; grieve excessively. ANGULAR (ang'gu-lar), a. 1. Having angles or corners. 2. Constrained in manner; awk- ward. [L. angular is ; from angulus, corner.] ANGULARITY (ang-gu-lar'i-ti), n. Quality of being angular. ANGULARLY (ang'gu-lar-li), adv. In an angu- lar manner. ANGWANTIBO (ang-gwan-te'bo), n. Tailless moon-faced monkey of West Africa. ANHELATION (an-he-la'shun), n. Act of pant- ing; state of being short of breath; difficult of respiration. [L. anhelatio.] 1NHELOUS (an-he'lus), a. Out of breath; panting. ANHYDRID (an-hi'drid), ANHYDRIDE (an-hl - drid), n. Any non-metallic oxide which be- comes an acid on the addition of water. ANHYDRITE (an-hi'drit), n. Anhydrous sul- phate of lime. ANHYDROUS (an-hi'drus), a. Chem. Having no water in composition. [Gr. an priv. and hydor, water.] ANIL (an'il), n. West Indian species of indigo plant. [Ar. al, the, and nil, indigo.] ANILE (an'il or an'il), a. Old-womanish; im- becile. [L. anilis; from anus, old woman.] ANILINE (an'i-lin), n. Product of coal tar or benzol, extensively used in dyeing. [Originally obtained in the distillation of anil for indigo.] ANILITY (a-nil'i-ti), n. State of being anile. ANIMA (an'i-ma), n. [pi. ANUALE.] The vital principle; life; soul. [L.] ANIMAD VERSION (an-i-mad-ver'shun), n. 1. Act of animadverting. 2. Disapproving re- mark; adverse criticism. SYN. Reprehension; insinuation; criti- cism; reflection. ANT. Commendation; approval; praise; encomium; eulogy; pan- egyric. ANIMADVERT (an-i-mad-verf), vi. [pr.p. ANIMAD VERT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ANIMAD- VERT'ED.] Pass censure or criticism; take note. ANI3IAL (an'i-mal), I. n. 1. Organized being, having life, sensation, and voluntary motion. 2. Human being in whom the animal propen- sities predominate. II. a. Like an animal; sensual. [L. animal; from anima, breath, soul.] ANIMALCULA (an-i-mal'ku-la), n. Plural of ANIMALCULUM. ANIMALCULAR (an-i-mal'ku-lar), a. Per- taining to or like animalcules. ANIMALCULE (an-i-mal'kul), n. Zool. 1. Small animal, visible only through the microscope. 2. Any other very small animal, as a gnat. ANIMALCULINE (an-i-mal'ku-lin), a. An- imalcular. ANIMALCULUM (an-i-mal'ku-lum), n. [pi. ANEMAL'CULA.] Animalcule. [L. dim. of animal.'] ANIMALISM (an'i-mal-izm), n. State or qual- ity of being actuated by animal appetites only; sensuality. ANIMALITY (an-i-mal'i-ti), n. 1. Animal life as opposed to vegetable life. 2. State of being an animal. 3. Animal nature of man as opposed to the spiritual nature. ANIMALIZE (an'i-mal-iz), vt. [pr.p. AN'I- MALIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANIMALIZED (an'a-mal-izd.) 1. Give animal form or character to. 2. Assimilate into an animal body. 3. Render brutal; sensualize. ANIMATE (an'i-mat) vt. [pr.p. AN'IMATING; p.t. and p.p. AN'IMATED.] 1. Give life to; make alive. 2. Give vivacity to; inspire. LL. animatus, p.p. of animo; anima, breath.] SYN. Enliven; inspirit; exhilarate; in- spire. ANT. Dishearten; damp; deaden; stifle. ANIMATE (an'i-mat), ANIMATED (an'i-ma- ted), a. 1. Endowed with animal life; living. 2. Full of life; vivacious. ANIMATION (an-i-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of animating. 2. State of being animated. 3. Appearance of life. SYN. Life; vitality; excitation; excite- ment; stimulation; alacrity; activity; liveli- ness; vivacity; buoyancy; spirit; sprightli- ness; briskness; exhilaration; energy. ANT. Deadness; dullness; inertness; lifelessness; depression; dejection; despondency. ANIMATIVE (an'i-ma-tiv), a. Imparting life; enlivening. ANIMISM (an'i-mizm), n. Doctrine that ani- mal life and bodily development are caused by a soul. [L. anima, soul.] ANIMOSITY (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. Bitter hatred; active enmity. [L. animositas.] SYN. Hate; odium; dislike; acerbity; bitterness; asperity; spleen; gall; bile; pique; rankling. ANT. Love; fondness; predilection; liking; partiality; regard. ANIMUS (an'i-mus), n. Spirit; motive; temper. [L. animus, spirit.] ANION (an'i-on), n. Elec. That element of an electrolyte which in electro-chemical decom- position appears at the anode. Opposed to CATION. [Gr. ana, up, and ion, neut. pr.p. of aniemi, go up; ana, up, and Umi, go.] ANISE (an'is), n. 1. Plant bearing aromatic, carminative seeds. 2. Aniseed. [Gr. anison, anise.] ANISEED (an'i-sed), n. Aromatic seed of the anise plant. ANKLE (ang'kl), n. Joint connecting the foot and the leg. [A. S. ancleow.] ANKLET (angk'let), n. Ornament worn on the ankle, as a bracelet is on the wrist. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; nute, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u iu* Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ANKYLOSIS 45 ANNULATE Annamese. by heating. [A. ANKYLOSIS, ANCHYLOSIS (ahg-ki-ld'sis), n. Anat. Coalescence of two bones, so as to prevent motion between them; stiffness of a joint. [Gr. ankylosis; from ankylos, bent.] ANNALIST (an'al-ist), n. Writer of annals. ANNALS (an'alz), n.pl. Relation of events in order of time; record; chronicles. [L. annates — annus, year.] ANNAM (an'am), n. Monarchy in Indo-Chinese peninsula, Area 52,100 sq.m. Annamese (an-a~meV), i. a. Of or pertaining to An- nam. II. n. Native or natives of Annam. Annapolis (a-nap'6-iis), n. Capital of Maryland; seat of U. S. Naval Academy. ANNEAL (an-neT), vt. [pr.p. ANNE AL'ING ; p.t. and p.p. ANNEALED (an-neld').] 1. Temper by heating and then slowly cooling. 2. Fix, as colors on glass, etc., S. an, on, and oslon, burn.] ANNELID (an'e-Iid), n. Worm of the class A nnelida ; earthworm. ANNELIDA (an-nel'i-da), n.pl. Class of in- vertebrates including the earthworms. [L. annellus, little ring.] ANNEX (an-neks'), vt. [pr.p. ANNEXING; p.t. and p.p. ANNEXED (an-nekst').] 1. Add at the end; join; connect. 2. Make a part of something greater or more important. 3. Attach as a consequence or attribute. [L. annexus, p.p. of annecto; ad, to, and necto, join.] ANNEX (an-neks' or an'neks), n. Something added, as an extension of a building; addition. ANNEXATION (an-eks-a'shun), n. 1. Act of annexing. 2. That which is annexed. ANNEXATIONIST (an-eks-a'shun-ist), n. One in favor of annexation, as of one country to another. ANNIHILABLE (an-ni'hi-la-bl), a. Capable of being annihilated. ANNIHILATE (an-ni'hi-lat), vt. [pr.p. ANNIHI- LATING; p.t. and p.p. ANNIHILATED.] Re- duce to nothing; destroy. [L. ad, to, and nihil, nothing.] ANNIHILATION (an-ni-hi-la'shun), n. Act of annihilating or state of being annihilated; destruction; disintegration. ANNIHILATIVE (an-ni'hi-la-tiv), a. Tending to annihilate or destroy. ANNIHILATOR (an-ni'hi-la-tur), n. One who or that which annihilates. ANNIVERSARY (an-i-ver'sa-ri), I. a. Recur- ring yearly. II. n. Day of the year on which an event happened; annual celebration of such a day. [L. annus, year, and verto, turn.] ANNOTATE (an'd-tat), v. [pr.p. ANNOTAT- ING; p.f.andp.p.AN'NOTATED.] I. vt. Make Make notes or comments. of annoto; from ad, to, notes upon. II. vi. [L. annotatus, p.p and nota, mark.] ANNOTATION (an-6-ta'shun), n. Act of annotating; note. ANNOTATOR (an'6-ta-tur), n. Writer of annotations; commentator. ANNOTTO (an=not't6), n. Same as ARNOTTO. ANNOUNCE (an-nowns'), vt. [pr.p. ANNOUN- CING; p.t. and p.p. ANNOUNCED (an- nownst').] 1. State the approach or presence of. 2. Give notice of; proclaim formally or officially. [L. annuntio; ad, to, and nuntius, messenger.] SYN. Herald; proclaim; promulgate; publish; notify; advertise. ANT. Suppress; withhold; conceal; hide; screen; mask; veil. ANNOUNCEMENT (an-nowns'ment), n. Act of announcing; matter announced. ANNOY (an-noi), vt. [pr.p. ANNOYING; p.t. and p.p. ANNOYED (an-noid').] 1. Be trouble- some to; irritate. 2. Injure repeatedly. [0. Fr. anoier; from anoi, annoyance.] SYN. Harass; bother; disturb; vex; trouble; worry. ANT. Please; gratify; delight; cheer; soothe; rest; aid; benefit. ANNOYANCE (an-noi'ans), n. 1. Act of an- noying, or state of being annoyed. 2. That which annoys. ANNUAL (an'u-al), I. a. 1. Yearly; occurring every year. 2. Lasting only one year. 3. Reckoned by the year. 4. Performed in a year. II. n. 1. Plant that lives but one year. 2. Book published yearly. [L. annualis — annus, year.] ANNUALLY (an'u-al-i), adv. Every year; yearly. ANNUENT (an'u-ent), a. Drooping or nodding. [L. annuens, bow or nod.] ANNUITANT (an~nu'i-tant), n. One who re- ceives an annuity. ANNUITY (an-nu'i-ti), n. [pi. ANNUITIES.] Sum of money payable yearly. ANNUL (an-nul'), vt. [pr.p. ANNUL'LING; p.t. and p.p. ANNULLED (an-nuld').] 1. Destroy the validity of; make null. 2. Reduce to nothing; extinguish. [L. annullo; ad, to, and nullum, nothing.] SYN. Repeal; nullify; abrogate; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; quash; obliterate. ANT. Confirm; uphold; ratify; maintain; sustain; avow; concvir; acknowledge. ANNULAR (an'u-lar), a. Shaped or formed like a ring. — Annular eclipse, ring-like appear- ance of outer rim of sun when eclipsed by the moon. ANNULARITY (an-u-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or condition of being annular. ANNULARLY (an'u-lar-li), adv. After the manner of a ring. ANNULATE (an'u-lat), ANNULATED (an'u- la-ted), a. 1. Formed or divided into rings. 2. Furnished with rings. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh==c7i in Scotch loch. ANNULET 4fi ANSWERABLENESS ANNULET (ana-let), n. 1. Small ring. 2. One of the narrow fillets encircling a Doric column at the top. [L. annulus, ring.] ANNULMENT (an-nul'ment), n. Act of annul- ling. ANNULOSE (an'u-los), o. Formed in, or having, rings. ANNULUS (an'ti-lus), n. [pi. ANNULI (an'u-li).] Astron. Ring or halo around the moon or other planets. [L. annulus, ring.] ANNUNCIATE (an-nun'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. AN- NUN'CIATING; p.t. and p.p. ANNUN'CIATED.l [L. annunciatus, p.p. of annuntio. See AN- NOUNCE.] ANNUNCIATION (an-nun-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of announcing. 2. That which is an- nounced. — Annunciation day, anniversary of the angel's salutation to the Virgin Mary; the 25th day of March. ANNUNCIATOR (an-nun'shi-a-tur), n. One who or that which announces; device for announ- cing a call. ANODE (an'od), n. Pole at which current enters electrolytic cell; positive pole of voltaic cur- rent. Opposed to CATHODE. [Gr. ana, up, and hodos, way.] ANODYNE (an'6-din), I. n. Medicine that allays pain. II. a. Having power to dimin- ish pain; soothing. [Gr. an priv. and odyne, pain.] ANOGEN (an'o-jen), n. Bot. Plant that grows upward. [Gr. ana, upward, and -GEN.] ANOINT (a-noinf), vt. [pr.p. ANOINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ANOINT'ED.] 1. Spread, pour, or rub ointment or oil on. 2. Put oil on as a sacred rite; consecrate. [O. Fr. enoint, p.p. of enointre; from L. inungo; in, on, and ungo, smear.] ANOINTED (a-noint'ed), n. Consecrated person. ANOINTMENT (a-noint'ment), n. Consecration. ANOMALISM (a-nom'a-lizm), n. Anomaly; irregularity. ANOMALISTIC (a-nom-a-lis'tik), a. Deviating from rule. ANOMALOUS (a-nom'a-lus), a. Deviating from rule; irregular; abnormal. [L.L. anomalus; from Gr. anomalos; an priv. and homalos, alike; homos, same.] ANOMALOUSLY (a-nom'a-lus-li), adv. Ir- regularly. ANOMALOUSNESS (a-nom'a-lus-nes), «. Ir- regularity. ANOMALY (a-nom'a-li), n. 1. Deviation from rule; irregularity; exception. 2. Astron. The angle measuring the distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. ANOMY (an'6-mi), n. Lawless or chaotic state. [Gr. anomia, lawlessness.] ANON (a-non')» adv. Immediately thereupon; again; soon. [A. S. on ane, at once.] ANONA (a-n6'na), n. Heart-shaped custard fruit grown in tropical America; sometimes called chirimoya. ANONYM (an'o-nim), n. 1. One whose name is unknown. 2. Pen-name; pseudonym. [Gr. an priv. and onyma, name.] ANONYMOUS (a-non'i-mus), a. 1. Having no name disclosed. 2. Without the name of the author. ANONYMOUSLY (a-non'i-mus-li), adv. In an anonymous manner. ANORTHOSCOPE (an-ar'tho-skop), n. Circular disk-like optical instrument with slits at regu- lar intervals through which pictures are seen as though animated and moving when the disk is revolved before a looking-glass. [Gr. an priv., orthos, straight, and skopeo, view.] ANOSMIA (a-nos'mi-a), n. Defective sense of smell. [Gr. an, not, and osmos, smell.] ANOTHER (an-ufft'er), a. and pron. 1. One more; an additional. 2. A different one; not the same. 3. Changed in character. ANSA (an'sa), n. [pi. AN'S-ffl.] 1. Handle; loop. 2. Astron. One of the apparent ends of the rings of Saturn, protruding like handles. AnSER (an'ser), n. Ornith. Typical genus «f the order Anseres, including the geese. [L. anser, goose.] ANSERES (an'se-rez), n.pl. Ornith. Order of natatorial birds, containing the geese, ducks, swans, etc. [L. anseres, geese.] ANSERINE (an'se-rin), a. 1. Referring to or resembling a goose. 2. Stupid; silly. [L. anserinus; from anser, goose.] ANSWER (an'ser), v. [pr.p. AN'SWERING; p.t. and p.p. ANSWERED (an'serd).] I. vt. 1. Make reply to, in speech or writing; respond to by signal or sign. 2. Act in response to. 3. Make or constitute a satisfactory or conclu- sive reply to; refute. 4. Solve correctly, as a problem. 5. Meet the requirements of; suit. 6. Atone for. II. vi. 1. Speak, write, signal, or act in response. 2. Be sufficient. 3. Be responsible, as for another's good con- duct. 4. Atone; pay. 5. Have similarity; correspond. [A. S. andswerian, reply; and, against, and swerian, swear.] ANSWER (an'ser), ». 1. Reply to anything, as to a letter, question, charge, or obligation. 2. Action in return. 3. Correct solution of a problem. SYN. Reply; rejoinder; response; ac- knowledgment; retort; repartee; refutation; defense; vindication; solution; explanation. ANT. Question; inquiry; query; research; interrogatory; enigma; challenge; interpel- lation. ANSWERABLE (an'ser-a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being answered. 2. Liable to pay or in- demnify; responsible; accountable. 3. Suf- ficient to meet requirements; suitable. SYN. Amenable; responsible; liable; accountable. ANT. Irresponsible; clear. ANSWERABLENESS (an'ser-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being answerable. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ANSWERABLY 47 ANTENNA ANSWERABLY (an'ser=a=bli), adv. In an an- swerable manner. ANSWERER (an'ser-er), n. One who answers. ANT (ant), n. Small hymenopterous insect; emmet; pismire. [A. S. cemete. See EMMET.] ANT-, prefix. Against, etc. [See ANTI.] -ANT, suffix. Used to form adjectives, as re- pentant. [L., pr.p. ending.] ANTACID (ant-as'id), I. a. Counteracting acidity. II. n. Medicine which counteracts acidity. [ANT- and ACID.] AlNT^EUS (an-te'us), n. Greek Myth. A Libyan giant vanquished by Hercules; each time that Hercules threw him the giant gained fresh strength from touching the earth, so Hercules lifted him off the ground and squeezed him to death. ANTAGONISM (an-tag'o-nizm), n. Opposition in a struggle or strife. [Gr. antagdnisma; from antf, against, and agon, fight.] ANTAGONIST (an-tag'o-nist), n. One who contends or struggles with another; opponent. ANTAGONISTIC (an-tag-o-nis'tik), a. Con- tending against; opposed to. ANTAGONIZE (an-tag'o-niz), vt. [pr.p. AN- TAGONIZING; p.U and p.p. ANTAGONIZED (an-tag'6-nizd).] 1. Contend with; struggle against. 2. Cause to rise in opposition or to become hostile. ANTALGIC (ant-al'jik), I. a. Tending to al- leviate pain; anodyne. II. n. Anodyne. [Gr. ant-, against, and algos, pain.] ANTARCTIC (ant-ark'tik), a. Relating to the south polar regions. [ANT- and ARCTIC] Antarctic (ant-ark'tik) Ocean, ocean around the South Pole. ANTARTHRITIC (ant-ar-thrit'ik), I. a. Al- leviating gout. II. n. Remedy for gout. [ANT- and ARTHRITIC] ANT-BEAR (ant'bar), n. Great ant-eater of tropical America; tamanoir. ANTE- (an'te), prefix. Before, as in antecedent. [L. ante, before.] ANTE (an'te), n. In the game of poker, a stake put up before the cards are dealt. [L. ante, before.] ANTE (an'te), vi. [pr.p. AN'TEING; p.t. and p.p. AN'TEED.] Put up a stake before cards are d»alt. ANT-EATER (ant'et- er), n. Quadruped tbmt feeds on ants. ANTECEDE (an-te- sSd'), vt. [pr.p. AN- TMCE'DING; p.t. and p.p. ANTE- CE'DED.l Go before In rank, order, or time; precede. [L. antecedo; from ante, before, and cedo, go.] ANTECEDENCE (an-te-se'dens), n. 1. Act of going before, or state of being before; pre- Ant-eater {Myrmecobivs fasciatus). Apparent retrograde Priority; cedency. 2. Astron. motion of a planet. ANTECEDENCY (an-te-se'den-si), n. precedence. ANTECEDENT (an-te-se'dent), I. a. Going be- fore in time; prior. II. n. 1. That which goes before in time or place. 2. Noun or pronoun to which a relative pronoun refers. 3. [pi.] Previous characteristic events of one's life. ANTECEDENTLY (an-te-se'dent-li), adv. In an antecedent manner. ANTECHAMBER (an'tc-cham-ber), n. Cham- ber leading to a principal apartment; ante- room. ANTEDATE (an'te-dat), vt. [pr.p. AN'TEDAT- ING; pt. and p.p. ANTEDATED.] 1. In- scribe with an earlier date than the true one. 2. Be of older date than. 3. Anticipate. [ANTE- and DATE.] ANTEDILUVIAN (an-te-di-lo'vi-an), I. a. 1. Existing or happening before the deluge. 2. Antiquated. II. n. One who lived before the flood. [L. ante, before, and diluvium, flood.] ANTELOPE (an'te- lop), n. Quadruped intermediate between the deer and goat. ANTEMERIDIAN (an- te-me-rid'i-an), a. Before midday or noon. ANTEMETIC (ant-e- met'ik), I. a. Tend- ing to check vomit- ing. II. n. Medicine which tends to allay [ANT- and EMETIC] ANTEMUNDANE (an-te-mun'dan), a. time before the world was made. ANTENATAL (an-te-na'taD, a. Pertaining to conditions before birth; preceding birth. Antelope (A. dorcas). or prevent vomiting. Of the Antennae. ANTENNA (an-ten'na), n. [pi. ANTEN'NJS.] 1. Feeler on the head of an insect, crustacean, or myriapod. 2. Electric wave transmitter fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ]ah=ch in Scotch loch. ANTENUPTIAL 48 ANTICHRISTIAN made of wire, used in wireless telegraphy. [L., sailyard; from Gr. ana, up, and teino, stretch.] ANTENUPTIAL (an-te-nup'shal), a. Before nuptials or marriage. ANTEPASCHAL (an-te-pas'kal), a. Immediately before the Passover or Easter. ANTEPENULT (an-te-pe-nult), ANTEPENULT- IMA (an-te-pe-nult'1-ma), n. Last syllable of a word except two; syllable before the penult. [L., from ante, before, and poenultima, penult.] ANTEPENULTIMATE (an=te-pe-nul'ti-mat), I. a. Pertaining to the last syllable but two. II. n. The last syllable but two. ANTEPRANDIAL (an-te-pran'di-al), a. Occur- ring before dinner. [L. ante, before, and prandium, dinner.] ANTERIOR (an-te'ri-ur), a. Before, in time or place; in front. [L. ante, before.] ANTERIORITY (an-te-ri-or'i-ti), n. Quality of being anterior. ANTEROOM (an'te-rom), n. Room leading into a chief apartment. [ANTE- and ROOM.] ANTETYPE (an'te-tip), n. Type of prehistoric ages. [ANTE- and TYPE.] ANTHELION (an-thel'yun), n. Astron. Solar halo occurring in Alpine and Polar regions. [Gr. anti, against; helios, sun.] ANTHELMINTHIC (an-thel-min'thik), I. a. Expelling worms; tending to expel worms. II. n. Medicine which expels worms; vermifuge. [ANT-, and Gr. helmins, helminthos, worm.] ANTHEM (an'them), n. 1. Piece of sacred music sung in alternate parts. 2. Piece of sacred music set to a passage from Scripture. [A. S. antefen; from Gr. antiphonos; anti, in return, and phdne, voice.] ANTHER (an'ther), n. Bot. Top of stamen in a flower, containing the pollen. [Gr. antheros, flow- ery; from anthos, flower.] ANTHERAL (an'ther-al), a. Bot. Pertaining to anthers. ANTHERIFEROUS (an-ther-if'er- us), a. Bot, Bearing anthers. ANTHESIS (an-the'sis), n. Bot. State of inflorescence or full ex- pansion. [Gr.] ANT-HILL (ant'hil), n. Nest-mound built by ants or termites. ANTHOID (an'thoid), a. Resembling a flower. [Gr. anthos, flower, and eidos, form.] ANTHOLOGICAL (an-tho-loj'i-kal), «. Per- taining to anthology. ANTHOLOGY (an-thol'o-ji), n. Collection of passages of flowerlike beauty, especially from classic authors. [Gr. anthologia; anthos, flower, and lego, gather.] ANTHOMANIA (an-tho-ma'ni-a), n. Mania for flowers. [Gr. anthos, flower, and mania, madness.] ANTHOZOA (an-tho-z6'a), n.pl. Flower-ani- mals; the polyps. [Gr. anthos, flower, and z&on, life.] Anther. ANTHOZOAN (an-tho-zd'an), I. a. Pertaining to the Anthozoa. II. n. One of the Anthozoa. ANTHRACENE (an'thra-sen), n. Ultimate ref- use of distilled coal tar. [Gr. anthrax, coal.] ANTHRACITE (an'thra-slt), n. Hard coal that burns almost without flame. [Gr. anthrakltts, carbuncle; from anthrax, burning coal.] ANTHRACITIC (an-thra-sit'ik), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, anthracite. ANTHRACONITE (an-thra-ko'nit), «. Ill- smelling marbleized coal. [Gr. anthraxios, like coal.] ANTHRAX (an'thraks), n, 1. Carbuncle. 2. Splenic fever of sheep and cattle. [Gr. anthrax, burning coal.] ANTHROPOID (an'thio-poid), I. a. Resembling man. II. w. Manlike ape. [Gr. anthropos, man, and eidos, form.] ANTHROPOLOGICAL (an-thro-po-loj'l-kal), a. Pertaining to anthropology. ANTHROPOLOGIST (an-thr6-pol'o-jist), n. One versed in anthropology. ANTHROPOLOGY (an-thro-pol'o-ji), n. Science of man and mankind. [Gr. anthropos, man, and logos, doctrine.] ANTHROPOMORPHIC (an-thrd-po-mar'flk), o. Pertaining to anthropomorphism; anthropo- morphous. ANTHROPOMORPHISM (an-thro-po-mar'- fizm), n. 1. The ascription of a human form or qualities to God. 2. The ascription of hu- man qualities to beings or things not human. [Gr. anthropos, man, and morphe, form.] ANTHROPOMORPHIST (an-thro-po-mar'flst), n. Believer in or advocate of the doctrine of anthropomorphism. ANTHROPOMORPHITE (an-thro-po-mar'fit), I. a. Pertaining to anthropomorphism. II. n. Anthropomorphist. ANTHROPOMORPHOUS (an-thro-po-mar'fus), a. Having a human form. ANTHROPOPHAGI (an-thro-pof'a-ji), n.pl. People who eat human flesh; cannibals. [Plural of L. anthropophagus ; Gr. anthrdpophagos; anthropos, man, and phagd, eat.] ANTHROPOPHAGOUS (an-thro-pof'a-gus), a. Man-eating; cannibalistic. ANTHROPOPHAGY (an-thr6-pof'a-ji), n. Can- nibalism. ANTI-, prefix. Against; opposite. [Gr.] ANTIARIN (an'ti-a-rin), n. Chem. Cardiac poison, most virulent known. ANTIC (an'tik), 1. a. Grotesque. 2. Odd. II. n. 1. Caper; trick. 2. Fantastic figure. 3. Buffoon. [L. antiquus, ancient.] ANTICATHODE (an-ti-kath'od), n. 1. Deflec- tion plate placed opposite the cathode of an X-ray tube. 2. Platinum plate supported inside of an X-ray tube to receive the cathodlc bombardment. ANTICHRIST (an'ti-krlst), n. Antagonist of Christ. ANTICHRISTIAN (an-ti-kris'chan) or (an-tl- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ANTICIPANT 4U ANTIPHON kris'ti-an), a. 1. Relating to Antichrist, 2, Opposed to Christianity. ANTICIPANT (an-tis'I-pant), I. a. Anticipating. II. ». Anticipator. ANTICIPATE (an-tts'i-pat), v. [pr.p. ANTIC- IPATING; p.t. and p.p. ANTICIPATED.] I. vt. 1. Be before In acting, in seeing, or in realizing; forestall. 2. Foresee; foretaste; be prepared for; expect. II. vi. Take up or consider something beforehand. [L. ante, be- fore, and capio, take.] SYN. Expect; hope for; count upon; pre- pare for; calculate upon; foresee; forecast; previse; obviate; prevent; preclude; pre- judge. ANT. Remember; recall; recollect; remedy; undo; misapprehend; distrust. ANTICIPATION (an-tis-i-pa'shun), n. Act of anticipating; foretaste. SYN. Expectation; apprehension; fore- sight; prevision. ANT. Doubt; despair; surprise; realization; consummation; shock; incertitude; suspense. ANTICIPATIVE (an-tis'i-pa-tiv), a. Containing an anticipation; anticipating. ANTICIPATOR (an-tis'i-pa-ttir), n. One who anticipates. ANTICIPATORY (an-tis'i-pa-to-ri), a. Per- taining to or characterized by anticipation. ANTICLIMAX (an-ti-kli'maks), n. Opposite of climax; a fault of style, consisting in a descent from stronger to weaker terms, or from more important to less important items. [ANTI- and CLIMAX.] ANTICLINAL (an-ti-kli'nal), I. a. Geol. Form- ing a ridge; opposed to SYNCLINAL. II. n. Ridge or convex fold in, or disposition of, stratified rock. [ANTI-, and Gr. klino, slope.] ANTICYCLONE (an-ti-sl'klon), n. Meteoroh Atmospheric condition in which there is an outward flow of air from a central region of high pressure. ANTIC YCLONIC (an-ti-si-klon'ik), a. Pertain- ing to, or of the nature of, an anticyclone. ANTIDOTAL (an'ti-do-tal), a. 1. Pertaining to antidotes. 2. Having the nature of an antidote. ANTIDOTE (an'ti-ddt), n. Medicine that coun- teracts the effects of poison; counteractive against any evil. [Gr. anti, against, and dotos, given; from didomi, give.] ANTIETAM (an-te'tam), n. Small river in Penn- sylvania and Maryland; scene of battle Sept. 17, 1862. ANTIFEBRILE (an-ti-f eb'ril), a. Allaying fever ; antipyretic. [ANTI- and FEBRILE.] ANTIFEBRINE (an-ti-feb'rin), n. 3Iedicine to allay fever; acetanilid. ANTIFRICTION ( an-ti-f rik'shun), I. a. Tending to lessen friction. II. n. 1. Device for lessen- lng friction. 2. Lubricant. ANTIGONE (an-tig'o-ng), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of GEdipus, king of Thebes, by Jocasta; famous for her filial devotion; sub- ject of one of Sophocles tragedies. ANTILLES (an-til'6z) s n.pl. West Indies, es> cept Bahamas. ANTIMONIAL (an-ti-mo'ni-al), I. a. Pertaining to antimony; containing antimony. II. n-. Medicine containing antimony. ANTIMONIATE (an-ti-md'ni-at), n. Salt of antimonlc acid. ANTIMONIC (an-ti-mon'ik), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing antimony. ANTIMONIOUS (an-ti-mo'ni-us), a. Pertaining to or containing antimony. ANTIMONY (an'ti-mo-ni), n. Silvery-white metallic element, very brittle, much used in the alloys (pewter, etc.) and in medicine. [L.L. antimonium.] ANTINODE (an'ti-ndd), n. Physics. Vibratory point between two nodes. [L. anti, against; nodus, knot.] ANTINOMIAN (an-ti-no mi-an), I. a. Pertain- ing to antinomianism. II. n. One who holds the doctrine of antinomianism. [From Gr. anti, against, and nomos, law.] ANTINOMIANISM (an-ti-no'mi-an-izm), n. Doctrine that belief in Christ frees one from the obligations of the moral law. ANTINOMY (an-tin'o-mi or an'ti-no-mi), n. 1. Contradiction between two laws or principles. 2. A law contradicting another. 3. Contra- diction of reason and absolute conception. (Instance: Infinite space or time, although necessary absolute conceptions, are incom- prehensible.) [ANTI-, and Gr. nomos, law.] ANTIOCH (an'ti-ok), n. City in Syria, Asiatic Turkey. ANTIOPE (an-tl'o-pe), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of the god Asophus, and mother by Zeus of Amphion and Zethus. She was the victim of ill-treatment by Dirce, wife of Lycus, on whom she took a frightful revenge. [See DIRCE.] ANTIPATHETIC (an-ti-pa-thet'ik), a. Having or showing antipathy; naturally repugnant or opposed. ANTIPATHIC (an-ti-path'ik), a. Having op- posite feelings; contrary. ANTIPATHY (an-tip'a-thi), „. [pi. ANTIP'A- THIES.] 1. Natural opposition, aversion or repugnance. 2. Object of instinctive dislike. [ANTI- and -PATHY.] SYN. Dislike; hatred; enmity; nausea; disgust; distaste; hostility; antagonism; re- pulsion; detestation; contrariety. ANT. Sympathy; kindness; congeniality; af- finity; harmony; agreement; attraction. ANTIPHARMIC (an-ti-far'mik), I. a. Anti- dotal. II. n. Antidote. [ANTI-, and Gr. pharmalcon, drug.] ANTIPHLOGISTIC (an-ti-flo-jis'tik), I. «. Tending to counteract inflammation or fever; antifebrile. II. n. Medicine which counter- acts feverish heat. ANTIPHON (an'ti-fon), ANTIPHONE (an'ti- fon), n. 1. Chant or alternate singing in fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in "Scotch grude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ANTIPHONAL 50 ANTIZ YMIC choirs. 2. Any fitting response. [Or. anti, against, and phone, voice.] ANTIPHONAL (an-tif'o-naD, a. Pertaining to antiphon or alternate singing. ANTIPHONALLY ( an-tif 'o-nal-D, adv. Respon- slvely. ANTIPHONARY (an-tif'o-na-ri), n. [pi. AN- TD?H'ONABIES.] Book containing words and music of antiphons. ANTIPHONIC (an-ti-fon'ik), a. Antiphonal. ANTIPHON Y (an-tif o-ni), n. Antiphon. ANTIPHRASIS (an-tif ra-sis), n. [pi. AN- TIPH'RASES.] Bhet. Use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning. [ANTI-, and Gr. phrasis, form of speech.] ANTIPHRASTIC (an-ti-fras'tik), a. Pertaining to antiphrasis; ironical. ANTIPODAL (an-tip'o-dal), a. 1. Relating to the antipodes. 2. Diametrically opposed. ANTIPODE (anti-pod), n. 1. One of the antip- podes. 2. Something exactly opposed or con- trary to another thing. ANTIPODES (an-tip'o-dez), n.pl. 1. Those who live on opposite sides of the earth, and, consequently, have their feet turned towards each other. 2. Parts of the earth diamet- rically opposite. 3. Persons or things exactly opposed or opposite to another. [ANTI-, and Gr. podes, feet, from pons, foot.] .4NTIPOPE (an'ti-pop), n. One who claims the popedom in opposition to the individual elected in the normal way. ANTIPYRETIC (an-tl-pi-ref ik), I. a. Effective against fever. II. n. Remedy for fever. [ANTI-, and Gr. pyretos, fever.] ANTIPYRIC (an-ti-pi'rik), I. a. Preventing or checking suppuration. II. n. Medicine that checks suppuration. [ANTI-, and Gr. pyron, pus.] ANTIPYRINE (an-ti-pi'rin), n. Coal-tar prod- uct (C jH^NjjO), consisting of white crystal- line scales used as an antipyretic. [ANTI-, and Gr. pyr, fire.] ANTIQUARIAN (an-ti-kwa'ri-an), I. a. Per- taining to antiquaries, or to antiquity. II. n. Antiquary. ANTIQUARIANISM (an-ti-kwa'ri-an-izm), n. Fondness for antiquities. ANTIQUARY (an'ti-kwa-ri), n. [pi. AN'TI- QUARIES.] 1. One devoted to the study of antiquities. 2. Dealer in old books, etc. 3. Custodian of a museum of antiquities. ANTIQUATED (an'ti-kwa-ted), a. Grown old; out of fashion; obsolete. ANTIQUE (an-tek')» I. a. Ancient; old-fash- ioned. II. n. 1. The style of Rome and Greece. 2. Anything very old; relic of an- tiquity. [L. antiquus, ancient.] ANTIQUELY (an-tek'li), adv. In an antique manner. ANTIQUENESS (an-tek'nes), n. Quality of being antique. ANTIQUITY (an-tik'wi-ti), n. 1. Ancient time. 2. Great age. 3. Relic of the past; anything belonging to ancient times. ANTISCIANS (an-tish'i-anz), n.pl. People liv- ing on opposite sides of the equator, with their shadows at noon cast in contrary direc- tions. [ANTI-, and Gr. skla, shadow.] ANTISCORBUTIC (an-ti-skar-bu'tik), Med. I. a. Efficacious against scurvy. II. n. Remedy for scurvy. ANTISCRIPTURAL (an-ti-skrip'tu-ral), a. An- tagonistic to the teachings of the Scriptures. ANTISEMITE (an-ti-sem'it), n. One who is antagonistic to Jews. [ANTI-, and Sim, Shem.] ANTISEMITIC (an-ti-sem-it'ik), o. Pertaining to Antisemitism. ANTISEMITISM (an-ti-sem'it-izm), n. An- tagonism to the Jews. ANTISEPSIS (an-ti-sep'sis), n. The exclusion of bacteria from wounds, etc., by use of an- tiseptics or other means in order to prevent putrefaction, infection or blood poisoning. [ANTI- and SEPSIS.] ANTISEPTIC (an-ti-sep'tik), I. a. Destroying the germs of putrefaction, fermentation or disease. II. n. Anything used to destroy disease-germs. [ANTI- and SEPTIC] ANTISLAVERY (an-ti-sla'ver-i), I. a. Op- posed to slavery. II. n. Antagonism to slavery. ANTISPASMODIC (an-ti-spas-mod'ik), Med. I. a. Tending to prevent or allay spasms. II. n. Medicine designed to counteract or allay spasms. ANTITHEISM (an-ti-the'izm), n. Religious or philosophical opposition to a belief in God. ANTITHEIST (an-ti-the'ist), n. One who op- poses belief in God. ANTITHESIS (an-tith'e-sis), n. [pi. ANTITH- ESES.] Figure in which thoughts or words are set in contrast. [ANTI-, and Gr. HthSml, set.] ANTITHETIC (an-tl-thet'ik), ANTITHETICAL (an-ti-thet'i-kal), a. Pertaining to, abounding in, or prone to, antithesis. ANTITOXIC (an-ti-toks'ik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of antitoxin. ANTITOXIN, ANTITOXINE (an-ti-toks'in), n. Substance that counteracts or neutralizes toxin, especially that of a diphtheritic na- ture. [ANTI- and TOXIN.] ANTITRADES (an'ti-tradz), n.pl. Winds con- trary to the trade winds. See WINDBELTS. ANTITYPE (an'ti-tip), ». That which corre- sponds to the type, or of which the type is the prefiguration. [ANTI- and TYPE.] ANTITYPICAL (an-ti-tip'i-kal), a. Pertaining to an antitype. ANTIZ YMIC (an-ti-zim'ik), ANTIZ YMOTIC (an-ti-zi-mot'ik), I. a. Preventing or tending to prevent fermentation or putrefaction; anti- septic. II. n. Antiseptic substance. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mSve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ANTLER 51 APATHETIC Antlers. Ant-lion (Myrmeleon formicarius). [ANTI-, and Anat. ANTLER (ant'« ler), n. Entire horn or branch of horn on the head of a stag or similar ani- mal. [O. Fr. ant oilier; from L. ante, before, and oeulus, eye.] ANTLEEED (ant'lerd), a. Furnished with antlers. ANT-LION (anf- li-un), n. Neu- ropterous in- sect noted for con- structing a pitfall In dry sand for catch- ing ants. ANTONYM (an'to- ntm), ». Word ex- pressing opposite meaning of another word. Opposed to SYNONYM. Gr. onyma, name.] ANTRUM (an'trum), n. [pi. AN'TRA.] Same as SINUS. ANTWERP (ant'werp), n. Seaport of Belgium. ANUBIS (a-nu'bis), n. Egypt. Myth. Son of Osiris, represented as a human with a dog's head; he accompanied the spirits of the dead to the nether world. AnURA (a-nu'ra), n.pl. Order of amphibians without a tail in the adult, including the frogs and toads. [Gr. an priv. and oura, tail.] ANVIL (an'vil), n. Iron block on which metal is hammered. [A. S. an, on, and filt, fold.] ANXIETY (ang-zi'e-ti), n. i. Mental distress concerning some future event; solicitude; misgiving. 2. Solicitous desire; eagerness. 3. Pathol. Mental restlessness combined with uneasiness of the heart or stomach. [L. an- xletas; from anxius. See ANXIOUS.] SYN. Disquietude; disquiet; fretfulness; fretting; worry; uneasiness; apprehension; misgiving; concern; foreboding; dread. ANT. Assurance; calmness; confidence; ease; apathy; satisfaction. ANXIOUS (angk'shus), a. 1. Greatly troubled or solicitous about some future event. 2. Caus- ing, or fraught with, anxiety. 3. Eagerly desirous. SYN. Disturbed; distressed; disquieted; uneasy; restless; troubled; apprehensive; careful; watchful. ANT. Careless; uncon- cerned; composed; Indifferent; regardless. ANXIOUSLY (angk'shus-li), adv. In an anxious manner. ANXIOUSNESS (angk'shus-nes), n. Anxiety. ANY (en'i), I. a. 1. One Indefinitely; portion of, Indefinitely. 2, Some or any number indefi- nitely. II. pron* One or more persons or things, out of a number. III. adv. In any degree; to any extent; in the least. [A. S. cenlg, one, anyone; from dn, one.] ANYBODY (en'i-bod-i), pron. Any person whatever. ANYBODY (en'i-bod-i), n. [pi. AN'YBODIES.] Person of ordinary standing. ANYHOW (en'i-how), adv. 1. At any rate; someway or other; in any case. 2. Care- lessly. ANYONE (en'i-wun), pron. Anybody. (Usually written in two words.) ANYTHING (en'i-thing), pron. Any thing Indefinite; something or other. ANYWAY (en'i-wa), ANYWAYS (en'i-waz), adv. Nevertheless; anyhow. ANYWHERE (en'i-hwar), adv. In any place whatever. ANYWISE (en'i-wiz), adv. In any way; in any respect; to any extent; at all. AORIST (a'6-rist), n. Gram. Past tense in the Greek verb indeterminate as to time. [Gr. aoristos, indefinite.] AORISTIC (a-6-ris'tik), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, the aorist. AORTA (a-ar'ta)» n. Anat. Largest artery in the human body. It is the main trunk of the arterial system, proceeding immediately from the left ventricle of the heart, and carrying the blood to all parts of the body excepting the lungs. [Gr. aorte; aeiro, raise.] AORTAL (a-ar'tal), AORTIC (a-ar'tik), a. Per- taining to or resembling the aorta. AOUDAD (a'o-dad), n. North African wild sheep (Ovis tragelaphus) . APACE (a,-pas')» adv. At a quick pace; fast; speedily. APAGOGE (ap-a-go'je), n . 1. Logic. Proving a proposition by exposure of the absurdity of its contrary. 2. Math. Progress from one proposition to another, when the first being proved is used to prove others. [APO-, and Gr. ago, lead.] APAGOGICAL (ap-a-goj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to apagoge. APART (a-parf), adv. 1. So as to be separated as to time, space, sympathy, purpose, etc.; asunder. 2. So as to be separated in thought. 3. In parts or pieces. [L. ad, to, and pars, part.] SYN. Separately; aside; aloof; away; alone; asunder. ANT. Together; close; united; bound; allied; leagued. APARTMENT (a-part'ment), n. 1. Room in a house. 2. Suite of rooms — usually in the plural. — Apartment house, house with sev- eral distinct sets of rooms for separate families. [Fr. appartement — L. L. appartimentum — L. ad, to, and partio, divide.] APATHETIC (ap-a-thet'ik), APATHETICAL (ap-a-thet'i-kaD» a. In a state of apathy; Indifferent; unfeeling; supine. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; a=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch lock. mute, hut, burn, APATHETICALL Y 52 APISHLY Black Ape (Cynopithecus niger). APATHETICALLY (ap-a-thet'i«kal-i)» «*>. In an apathetic manner; unfeelingly. APATHIST (ap'a-thist), n. Unemotional person. APATHY (ap'a-thi), n. Want of feeling; want of passion; indifference. [Gr. apatheia — a priv. and pathos, suffering.] SYN. Indifference; unconcern; insensi- bility; unfeelingness; coldness; stoicism; phlegm. ANT. Eagerness; interestedness; sensibility; susceptibility; curiosity; anx- iety. APE (ap), n. 1. Quad- rumanous animal with human teeth and without a tail. 2. 3Ionkey. 3. Silly imitator. [A. S. apa, ape.] APE (ap), vt. [pr.p. A'PING; p.t. and p.p. APED (apt).] Imitate servilely; mimic. APEAK (a-pek'), adv. and a. Naut. Per- pendicular, or near- ly so; as the anchor of a ship when the bow is brought nearly over it. APEPSY (a-pep'sr), n. Pathol. Want of di- gestion. [Gr. apepsia, indigestion.] APERIENT (a-pe'ri-ent), I. a. Opening; mildly purgative. II. n. Any laxative medicine. [L. aperiens, pr.p. of aperio, open.] APERITIVE (a-per'i-tiv), a. and w. Same as APERIENT. APERTURE (ap'er-tur), n. 1. Opening; hole; gap or passage. 2. Opt. Diameter of ob- ject-glass. [L. apertura; from aperio, open.] APERY (a'per-i), n. 1. Servile imitation. 2. Place where apes are kept. APETALOUS (a-pet'a-lus), a. Bot. Without petals ; as the flowers of the elm. [Gr. a priv. and petalon, leaf.] APEX (a'peks), n. [pi. A'PEXES or APICES ap'i-sez).] Summit or vertex of anything; tip; top. [L.] APH-, prefix. From; off; away. [Gr. apo modi- fied by an aspirate immediately following it.] APHASIA (a-fa'zi-a or a-fa/shi-a), APHASY (af'a-si), n. Pathol. Loss of the power of speech due to a disorder of the brain. [Gr. o priv. and phemi, speak.] APHELION (af-e'li-un or a-fel'yun), n. Point of a planet's orbit farthest away from the sun. Opposed to PERIHELION. [Gr. apo, from, and hclios, sun.] APHENGESCOPE (a-fen'je-skop), n. Modifi- cation of the magic lantern for exhibiting opaque objects, such as coins, movements of watches, etc. [Gr. aphenges, without light, and shaped, view.] APHID (af'ld), n. Insect of the genus Aphis; plant-louse. APHIDES (af'i-dez), n. Plural of APHIS; plant- lice. APHIDIAN (a-fid'i-an), I. a. 1. Pertaining to an aphid. 2. Pertaining to the genus Aphis. II. n. Insect of the genus Aphis; aphid, or plant-louse. APHIS (a'fis), w. 1. Genus of insects commonly known as plant-lice. 2. [a-] [pi. APHIDES (af'i-dez).] Insect of this genus; aphid; plant- louse. [Gr. apheideis, abundant.] APHLOGISTIC (af-16-jis'tik), a. Without flame. [a priv. and Gr. phlogiston, inflammable.] APHONIA (a-fo'ni-a), APHONY (af'o-ni), n. Pathol. Loss of voice; chronic hoarseness. [Gr. a priv. and phdne, sound.] APHONIC (a-fon'ik), a. 1. Not representing a sound. 2. Affected with aphonia. APHONOUS (af'o-nus), a. Destitute of voice. APHORISM (af'o-rizm), n. Brief pithy saying; adage. [Gr. apo, off, and horizo, bound, divide.] APHORIST (af'o-rist), n. Maker or user of aphorisms. APHORISTIC (af-o-ris'tik), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an aphorism. APHRODITE (af-ro-di'te),n. Greek Myth. God- dess of love and wedlock, daughter of Zeus and Dione; Grecian Venus. APHTHONG (af'thang), n. Silent letter; as k in knife. [Gr. a priv. and phthongos, voice.] APHTHONGAL (af-thang'gal), a. Of the nature of an aphthong; not sounding. APHYLLOUS (a-fil'us), APHYLLOSE (a-fll'6s), a. Bot. Without leaves ; naturally leafless. APIA (a/pe-a), n. Chief town and seaport of Upolu, Samoan Islands. APIARIAN (a-pi-a'ri-an), a. Relating to bees or an apiary. APIARIST (a'pi-a-rist), n. A bee-keeper; one who keeps bees. APIARY (a'pi-a-ri), n. [pi. A'PIARIES.] Place where bees are kept; also the collection of hives, bees, etc. [L. apiarium — apis, bee.] APICAL (ap'i-kal), a. Pertaining to the apex. APICES (ap'i-sez), n. Latin plural of APEX. APICULATE (a-pik'u-lat), APICULATED (a- pik'u-la-ted), a. Bot. Terminating abruptly in a little point. [L. apex, top, tip.] APICULTURE (a'pi-kul-tur), n. Bee-keeping. [L. apis, bee, and cultura, culture.] ApiDyE (ap'i-de), n.pl. Family of hymen- opterous insects, including the hive-bee and the bumblebee; the social bees. [L. apis, bee.] APIECE (a-pes'), adv. Each; for each one; each by itself; distributively; individually; severally. APIS (a'pis), n. Myth. The greatest god of the Egyptians, worshiped under the form of a bull. APIS (a'pis), n. Genus of bees, typical of the Apidm; the hive bees. [L. apis, bee.] APISH (a'pish), a. Apelike; imitative; silly. APISHLY (a'pish-li), adv. In an apish manner. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. APLOMB 53 APOSTROPHE APLOMB (a-plang'), n . Self-possession; assur- ance. [Fr., from a plomb, erect position.] APO-, prefix. From; off; away. [Gr.] APOCALYPSE (a-pok'a-lips), n. 1. Book re- cording revelation made to St. John in the isle of Patmos. 2. [a-] The revelation itself. 3. [a-] Any disclosure. [Gr. apo, off, and kalypto, cover.] APOCALYPTIC (a-pok-a-lip'tik), APOCA- LYPTICAL (a-pok-a-lip'ti-kal), a. 1. Per- taining to the Apocalypse. 2. Pertaining to, or containing, a revelation. APOCOPATE (a-pok'o-pat), vt. [pr.p. APOCO- PATING; p.t. and p.p. APOCOPATED.] Gram. Cut off or shorten hy dropping the last letter or syllable of. [Gr. apo, off, and kopto, cut.] APOCOPATION (a-pok-o-pa'shun), n. Ab- breviation by apocope. APOCOPE (a-pok'o-pe), n. 1. Gram. Cutting off or dropping of the last letter or syllable of a word. 2. Med. Removal of part of the body by cutting. [L., from Gr. apokope — apokopto, cut off.] APOCRYPHA (a-pok'ri-fa), n. Certain books appended to the Old Testament, regarded as uncanonical by the Greek and the Protestant Churches. [Gr. apokriphos, hidden; apo, away, and krypto, hide.] APOCRYPHAL (a-pok'ri-fal), a. 1. Pertaining to the Apocrypha; not canonical. 2. [a-] Of doubtful authority; spurious. APOD (apod), APODE (apod), n. Zool. 1. Animal without feet. 2. Fish without ven- tral fins. [Gr. a priv. and pous, podos, foot.] APODAL (ap'o-dal), a. 1. Without feet or foot- like appendages. 2. Without ventral fins. APODOSIS (a-pod'o-sis), n. Gram. Conse- quent clause in a conditional sentence. See PROTASIS. [Gr. apo, back, and didomi, give.] APOGEAN (ap-o-je'an), a. Astron. 1. Pertain- ing to the moon's apogee. 2. Moving away from the earth. APOGEE (ap'o-je), n. 1. Astron. Point of the moon's orbit farthest away from the earth. 2. Farthest or highest point; culmination. [Gr. apo, from, and g$, earth.] APOLLO (a-pol'6), n. Greek Myth. God of all fine arts, including medicine; the son of Jupiter and Latona. APOLOGETIC (a-pol-o-jet'ik), APOLOGETICAL (a-pol-o-jet'ik-al), I. a. Excusing; said or written in defense. II. n. Apology. [Gr. apologetikos ; apo, from, and legd, speak.] APOLOGETICS (a-pol-o-jet'iks), n. That branch of theology which seeks to vindicate the Chris- tian religion, or show reason why it must be accepted as of divine authority. APOLOGIST (a-pol'o-jist), n. One who argues in defense of a cause or person. APOLOGIZE (a-pol'o-jlz), vi. [pr.p. APOLO- GIZING; p.U and p.p. APOLOGIZED (a-pol'- o-jizd).] 1. Make acknowledgment of an error or offense, expressing regret. 2. Make an exculpating excuse. APOLOGUE (ap'6-log), n. Moral tale; fable. [Gr. apologos, fable.] APOLOGY (a-pol'o-ji), n . [pi. APOL'OGIES.] Something spoken to ward off an attack; de- fense or justification. [Gr. apologia, from apo, away, and logos, speech.] SYN. Excuse; explanation; amends; exculpation; reparation. ANT. Insult; injury; offense; retort; recrimination. APOPHTHEGM (ap'o-them), n. See APO- THEGM. APOPLECTIC (ap-6-plek'tik), a. Of, or pre- disposed to, apoplexy. APOPLEXY (ap'6-pleks-i), n. Loss of sensation and motion caused by a cerebral shock; stroke of paralysis. [Gr. apo, from, and plesso, strike.] APORT (a-porf), adv. Naut. On or toward the left side of a ship. APOSTASY (a-pos'ta-si), n. Abandonment of one's religion, principles or party. [Gr. apo, off, and stasis, a standing.] APOSTATE (a-pos'tat), I. a. False; traitorous; fallen. II. n. One guilty of apostasy; rene- gade; pervert. APOSTATICAL (ap-o-stat'i-kal), a. Pertain- ing or relating to an apostate. APOSTATIZE (a-pos'ta-tiz), vi. [pr.p. APOS'- TATIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOSTATIZED (a-pos'ta-tizd).] Abandon one's faith, church, principles, or political party; commit apostasy. APOSTEMATE (a-pos'te-mat), vi. [pr.p. APOS'- TEMATING; p.t. and p.p. APOS'TEMATED.] Form an abscess. APOSTEMATION (a-pos-te-ma'shun), n. Proc- ess of apostemating, or forming an abscess; suppuration. AFOSTEME (ap'o-stem), n. Abscess. [Gr. apostema; apo, from, and histemi, stand.] APOSTIL, APOSTILLE (a-pos'til), n. Marginal annotation. [Fr. apostille, postscript.] APOSTLE (a-pos'l), n . 1. One of the twelve commissioned by Christ to preach the Gospel. 2. One sent on or dedicated to some high mis- sion. 3. Devoted follower and advocate. [Gr. apostolos, messenger; apo, away, and sielld, send.] APOSTLESHIP (a-pos'1-ship), n. Office or dig- nity of an apostle. APOSTOLATE (a-pos'to-lat), n. State of being an apostle; apostleship. APOSTOLIC (ap-os-tol'ik), APOSTOLICAL (ap-os-tol'ik-al)» a. 1. Pertaining or accord- ing to the apostles. 2. Pertaining to the pope; papal. APOSTOLICITY (a-pos-to-lis'i-ti), n. Quality of being apostolic. APOSTROPHE (a-pos'tro-fS), n. 1. Gram. Mark ('), used to show the omission of a letter, or to indicate the possessive case; also the matter so marked. 2. Mhet. A sudden turn- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, -wolf; mute, hut, burn, i\-u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kn=c/i in Scotch loch. APOSTROPHIC 54 APPEAR ing away from the subject to address some person or object present or absent. [Gr. apostrophe, turning away; apo, from, and strephd, turn.] APOSTROPHIC (ap-os-trof'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to, or abounding in, the rhetorical figure denominated an apostrophe. 2. Pertaining to the omission or the mark called an apos- trophe. APOSTROPHIZE (a-postro-fiz), vt. [pr.p. APOS'TROPHIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOSTRO- PHIZED (a-pos'tro-fizd).] 1. Address by apos- trophe. 2. Omit a letter; make the sign (♦). APOTHECARY (a-poth'e-ka-ri), n. Dispenser of medicines; druggist; pharmacist. [Gr. apotheke, storehouse — apo, away, and theke, chest.] APOTHEGM, APOPHTHEGM (ap'o-them), n. Short, pithy, instructive sentence, as a prov- erb; sententious maxim. [Gr. apo, from, and phthengomai, speak plainly.] APOTHEGMATIC (ap-o-theg-mat'ik), APO- THEGMATICAL (ap-o-theg-mat'i-kal), a. Like an apothegm; abounding in apothegms. APOTHEGMATIST (ap-o-theg'ma-tist), n. One who collects or composes apothegms. APOTHEGMATIZE (ap-o-theg'ma-tiz), vi. [pr.p. APOTHEGM ATIZING; p.t. and p.p. APO- THEGMATIZED (ap-o-theg'ma-tizd).] Utter apothegms. APOTHEM (ap'o-them), n. 1. Math. Perpen- dicular line from the center to a side of a regu- lar polygon. 2. Pharmacy. Brown deposit which forms in vegetable infusions when cooling. [Gr. apo, from, and tithemi, put.] APOTHEOSIS (ap-o-the'6-sis), n. [pi. APO- THE'OSES.] Enrollment among the gods; deification; excessive exaltation. [Gr. apo, from, and theos, god.] APOTHEOSIZE (ap-o-the'o-siz), vt. [pr.p. AP- OTHE'OSIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOTHE- OSIZED (ap-o-the'o-sizd).] Greatly honor; deify. APOTOME (a-pot'6-me), n. Math. Difference between numbers that cannot be measured. [Gr. apo, from, and temno, cut.] Appalachian (ap-a-iach'i-an)jUouNTAiNS. Mountain chain in eastern North America, from Newfoundland to Alabama. APPALL, APPAL (ap-pal'), vt. [pr.p. AP- PALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPALLED (ap- p$ld').] Depress with fear or horror; terrify; dismay. [L. ad, to, and palleo, be pale.] SYN. Affright; horrify; dishearten. See FRIGHTEN. ANT. Embolden; assure; encourage; trust; reassure. APPANAGE (ap'a-naj), n. 1. Lands and reve- nues assigned to a younger son of a royal house. 2. Dependent territory; dependency. 3. Natural accompaniment; adjunct. [Fr. from O. Fr. apaner, furnish with bread.] APPARATUS (ap-a-ra'tus), n. [pi. APPARATUS or APPARATUSES.] Instrument or equip- ment for performing an operation. A device. [L. ad, to, and paro, prepare.] APPAREL (ap-par'el), vt. [pr.p. APPAR'ELING; p.t. and p.p. APPARELED (ap-par'eld).] I. Dress; clothe; place garments upon. 2. Equip; fit out; furnish with weapons. 3. Deck out gaily; adorn. [L. ad, to, and par, equal.] APPAREL (ap-par'el), n. 1. Dress; vesture; garments; clothing; clothes. 2. Furniture of a ship; as, sails, rigging, anchor, etc. 3. External habiliments; garb; decorations. APPARENCY (ap-par'en-si), n. State or quality of being apparent. APPARENT (ap-par'ent), a. 1. That may be seen; appearing. 2. Plain; obvious; indubi- table. 3. Seeming as opposed to real or true. [L. apparens, pr. p. of appareo, become visible ; from ad, to, and pareo, appear.] SYN. Visible; evident; unmistakable; self-evident; manifest; palpable; demon- strative; obvious; certain; distinct; plain; clear; seeming; specious; ostensible. ANT. Unseen; unobservable; inapparent; uncer- tain; concealed; hidden; actual; real. APPARENTLY (ap-par'ent-li), adv. 1. Seem- ingly. 2. Plainly; clearly. APPARENTNESS (ap-par'ent-nes), n. State or quality of being apparent. APPARITION (ap-a-rish'un), n. 1. Act of ap- pearing, or state of being visible. 2. That which appears, especially something remark- able. 3. Appearance of a spirit or ghost. [L. apparitio; from root of APPEAR.] APPARITIONAL (ap-a-rish'un-al), a. 1. Per- taining to or resembling an apparition. 2. Capable of appearing at a distance from its body, as a soul. APPARITOR (ap-par'i-tur), n. 1. Rom. Antiq. Officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. 2. Eccl. Officer who serves the process of a spiritual court. 3. Beadle in a university. [L.] APPEAL (ap-p&T), v. [pr.p. APPEAL'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPEALED (ap-peld').] I. vt. Re- move, as a cause, to a higher court. II. vi. 1. Refer a cause to a superior court. 2. Invoke aid, pity or mercy. [L. appello, address ; from ad, to, and pello, drive.] APPEAL (ap-peT), n. 1. Earnest request, as for aid or mercy. 2. The referring of a con- troverted statement to another. 3. Recourse; resort. 4. Law. Application for the trans- fer of a cause from an inferior court or judge to a higher one for review; right of making such application. APPEALABLE (ap-peTa-bl), a. That may be appealed. APPEALER (ap-pel'er), n. One who appeals; an appellant. APPEALING (ap-pel'ing), a. Imploring; mutely soliciting. APPEAR (ap-p6r'), vi. [pr.p. APPEARING; p.t. and p.p. APPEARED (ap-perd').] 1. Become fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, knscA in Scotch loch. APPEARANCE 55 APPLAUSE visible; come into view. 2. Come before the public; be noticed for the first time. 3. Law. Come into court in person or by attorney. 4. Have the resemblance of being; seem; look. [L. appareo; ad, to, and pareo, come forth.] APPEARANCE (ap-per'ans), n. 1. Act of ap- pearing. 2. Thing seen. 3. Apparent like- ness. 4. Show; look and bearing. 5. Coming into court. 7. Assumption of a character in a play, etc. APPEASABLE (ap-pez'a-bl), a. Capable of being appeased. APPEASE (ap-pez'), vt. [pr.p. APPEAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPEASED (ap-p6zd').] 1. Make peace with; quiet; placate; pacify. 2. Allay; satisfy. [L. ad, to, and pax, peace.] SYN. See ALLAY and CONCILIATE. APPEASEMENT (ap-pez'ment), n. Act of ap- peasing, or state of being appeased. APPEASER ( ap-pez '6r), n. One who appeases; a peace-maker. APPEASINGLY (ap-pez'ing-Ii), adv. In an ap- peasing manner. APPEASIVE (ap-pez'iv), a. Having the ten- dency to appease; quieting. APPELLANCY (ap-pel'an-si), n. Capability of appeal. APPELLANT (ap-pel'ant), I. a. Appealing. II. n. One who appeals from an inferior to a superior court. APPELLATE (ap-pel'at), a. Having cognizance of appeals. APPELLATION (ap-pel-la'shun), n. 1. Act of calling by a name; a naming. 2. Name by which a person or thing is called. APPELLATIVE (ap-pel'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Serving to name. 2. Gram. Common as opposed to proper. II. n. 1. Appellation; designation; name. 2. Gram. Common, as opposed to proper, name. APPELLATORY (ap-pel'a-to-ri), a . Containing an appeal. APPELLEE (ap-pel-150, n. Law. Defendant or respondent in an appeal. APPELLOR (ap-pel'ur or ap-pel-Iar'), n. Law. One who appeals a case to a higher court; appellant. APPEND (ap-pend'), vt. [pr.p. APPENDING; p.U and p.p. APPEND'ED.] 1. Hang to or upon. 2. Add as an accessory to another. [L. appendo, hang to ; from ad, to, and pendo, hang.] SYN. Attach; affix; add; annex. ANT. Remove; withdraw; deduct; curtail. APPENDAGE (ap-pend'aj), w. 1. Something added or appended; adjunct. 2. Bot. Sub- ordinate part appended to stem, leaf, etc., of a plant; as hairs, prickles, etc. APPENDANT (ap-pend'ant), I. a. 1. Hanging. 2. Annexed; dependent; concomitant. II. n. Something appended; accessory part. APPENDICECTOMY (ap-pen-di-sek'to-mi), n. Med. Excision or removal of the vermiform appendix. [APPENDIX, and Gr. ektomS, a cutting.] APPENDICITIS (ap-pen-di-si'tis), n. Pathol. Inflammation of the vermiform appendix of the caecum. [APPENDIX and -ITIS.] APPENDICLE (ap-pen'di-kl), n. Small ap- pendage. [L. appendicula, dim. of appendix.] APPENDICULAR (ap-pen-dik'u-lar), a. Con- sisting of, or pertaining to, an appendage. APPENDIX (ap-pen'diks), n. [pi. APPEN'DIXES or APPENDICES (ap-pen'di-sez).] 1. Any- thing appended; appendage. 2. Adjunct or concomitant, as a supplement to a book. — Vermiform appendix. Anat. Blind, hollow process from three to six inches long at the end of the caecum. [L. ; from appendo, hang.] APPERCEIVE (ap-er-sev'), v. [pr.p. APPER- CEIV'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPERCEIVED (ap-er-sevd').] Comprehend; perceive; recog- nize. APPERCEPTION (ap-er-sep'shun), n. 1. Self- consciousness. 2. Coalescence of a new idea with an older one, by a modification of one or the other. 3. Apprehension; recognition. [From L. ad, to, and percipio, perceive.] APPERTAIN (ap-er-tan '), vi. [pr.p. APPER- TAINING; p.t. and p.p. APPERTAINED (ap-er-tand').] Belong; relate. [O. Fr. apar- tenir; from L. ad, to, and pertineo, belong.] APPETENCE (ap'e-tens), APPETENCY (ap'e- ten-si), n. 1. Natural craving; propensity. 2. Psych. The tendency to strive for a desired object. [L. appetentia; from ad, to, and pelo, seek.] APPETITE (ap'e-tit), n. Natural desire; hun- ger; desire for food; physical or mental crav- ing. [See APPETENCE.] SYN. Appetence; craving; longing; de- sire; disposition; inclination; proneness; zest; hankering; passion; lust. ANT. Dis- taste; dislike; antipathy; aversion. APPETITIVE (ap'e-ti-tiv), a. 1. Possessed of an appetite. 2. Appetizing. APPETIZE (ap'e-tiz), vt. [pr.p. AP'PETIZING; p.t. and p.p. APPETIZED (ap'e-tizd).] Cause to feel hungry; give an appetite to. APPETIZER (ap'e-ti-zer), n. That which gives one an appetite. APPETIZING (ap'e-ti-zing), a. Exciting ap- petite. APPLAUD (ap-plad'), v. [pr.p. APPLAUD'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPLAUDED.] I. vt. 1. Ex- press approbation of, or admiration for, as by clapping the hands. 2. Praise in any way. II. vi. Express approval. [L. applaudo; ad, to, and plaudo, clap.] SYN. Cheer; approve; acclaim. ANT. Decry; disapprove; hiss; condemn; censure. APPLAUSE (ap-plaz'), n. Act of applauding; praise by acclamation. SYN. Acclamation; approval; acclaim; cheers; plaudit; huzzas. ANT. Obliquy; condemnation; denunciation; hisses. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh^ch in Scotch loch. APPLAUSIVE 56 APPRECIATION APPLAUSIVE (ap-pla'ziv), a. Laudatory; com- mendatory. APPLE (ap'l), n. 1. Well-known fruit of trees of the genus Malus. 2. Tree on which it grows. 3. Name given to various fruits. [A. S. apt.] APPLE-JACK (ap'l-jak), n. Spiritous liquor distilled from cider, APPLIANCE (ap-pli'ans), n. 1. Act of applying. 2. Thing applied; means used. APPLICABILITY (ap-li-ka-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being applicable; applicableness. APPLICABLE (ap'li-ka-bl), a. Capable of being applied; suitable; relevant. APPLICABLENESS (ap'li-ka-bl-nes), ». Ap- plicability. APPLICABLY (ap'li-ka-bli), adv. So as to be applicable. APPLICANT (ap'li-kant), n. One who applies; candidate. APPLICATION (ap-li-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of applying. 2. Thing applied. 3. Solicitation. 4. Close attention. APPLICATIVE (ap'li-ka-tiv), a. Capable of being applied. APPLICATOR (ap'li-ka-tur), n. Med. Instru- ment for applying remedies. Applicator. APPLIED (ap-plidO, a. Put in practice; utilized in the industries or arts. Opposed to AB- STRACT or PURE. APPLIER (ap-pli'er), n. One who or that which applies; dentist's instrument for putting some- thing between the teeth. APPLIQUE (ap-le-ka), I. a. Put on some- thing else, as lace or embroidery on a silk fabric. II. n. 1. Any ornament cut out and applied to another sur- face, in cloth, wood or metal. 2. Piece of Applique Work. work thus ornamented. [Fr.] APPLY (ap-pli'), v. [pr.p. APPLY'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPLIED (ap-plid).] I. vt. 1. Put upon or lay to or on, as, apply balm to a wound. 2. Put to a particular use; use in a particular case. 3. Put into practical operation, as a rule; pronounce suitable. 4. Give or devote, as one's attention. II. vi. 1. Make a formal request; have recourse with a view to gain aid; ask; inquire. 2. Be applicable; fit. [L. applico; ad, to, and plico, fold.] APPOGGIATO (ap-poch-ya'to), a. Music. Dwelt or leaned upon. [It.] APPOINT (ap-poinf), v. [pr.p. APPOINTING; p.t. and p.p. APPOINT'ED.] I. vt. Fix; assign; ordain; name for office; commission; set apart. 2. Equip; furnish. II. vt. Determine or deeree. [Fr. appointer ; from L. ad, to, and punetum, point.] APPOINTABLE ap-point'a-bl), o. Competent to be appointed. APPOINTEE (ap-point-e'), n. One who has received an appointment. APPOINTER (ap-point'er), n. One who ap- points. APPOINTMENT (ap-point'ment), n. 1. Act of appointing. 2. State of being appointed. 3. Position held by appointed person. 4. Engagement to do something. 5. Estab- lished order or decree. 6. Outfit; equipment (usually in the plural). ApP03IATOX (ap-6-mat'oks), n. Village and river in Virginia. Scene of Lee's surrender, April 9, 1865. APPORTION (ap-por'shun), vt. [pr.p. APPOR'- TIONING; p.t. and p.p. APPORTIONED (ap-por'shund).] Portion out; divide in shares. [L. ad, to, and portio, portion.] SYN. Allot; distribute; deal; assign; share. ANT. Collect; retain; monopolize. APPORTIONER (ap-por'shun-er), n. One who apportions. APPORTIONMENT (ap-por'shun-ment), n. Act, process or result of apportioning; allotment; assignment; share. APPOSITE (ap'6-zit), a. Adapted; suitable; very applicable. [L. ad, to, and pono, positum, place.] APPOSITION (ap-6-zish'un), n. 1. Act of ad- ding. 2. State of being placed together or against. 3. Gram. Annexing of one noun to another (or of a noun to a pronoun, etc.) in the same case or relation. [See APPOSITE.] APPRAISAL (ap-praz'al), n. Act of appraising; appraisement. APPRAISE (ap-praz'), vt. [pr.p. APPRAISING; p.t. and p.p. APPRAISED (ap-prazd').] 1. Set a value on. 2. Estimate the quantity or quality of. 3. Speak well of; commend. [L. appretio; from ad, to, and pretium, price.] APPRAISEMENT (ap-praz'ment), n. 1. Act of appraising or state of being appraised. 2. Value at which anything is appraised. APPRAISER ( ap-praz 'er), n. One who ap- praises, especially officially. APPRECIABLE (ap-pre'shi-a-bl), a. That may be estimated or determined; perceptible. APPRECIABLY (ap-pre'shi-a-bli), adv. In or to an appreciable amount or degree. APPRECIATE (ap-pre'shi-at), v. [pr.p. AP- PRECIATING; p.t. and p.p. APPRECIATED.] I. vt. 1. Value. 2. Estimate duly. 3. Be aware of; detect. II. vi. Rise in value. [L. appretio; ad, to, and pretium, price.] SYN. Estimate; value; prize; esteem. ANT. Undervalue; depreciate; misjudge. APPRECIATION (ap-pre-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of setting a value on. 2. Just estimation. 3. Rise in value. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; \l=u in Scotch gv.de; oil, owl,. Men, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. mtite, hut, burn, APPRECIATIVE 57 APPROXIMATE APPRECIATIVE (ap-pre'shi-a-tiv), a. Capable of or showing appreciation; appreciatory. APPRECIATOR (ap-prg'shi-a-tfir), n. One who appreciates or estimates justly. APPRECIATORY (ap-pre'shi-a-to-ri), a . Show- ing appreciation; appreciative. APPREHEND (ap-re-hend'), v. [pr.p. APPRE- HENDING; p.t. and p.p. APPREHEND 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Take hold of; seize; arrest. 2. Grasp with the mind; understand; interpret. 3. Look forward to with anxiety; dread. II. vi. 1. Understand. 2. Conjecture. 3. Look for- ward with anxiety or fear. [L. apprehendo; ad, to, and prehendo, seize.] APPREHENDER (ap-re-hend'er), n. One who apprehends. APPREHENSIBLE (ap-re-hen'si-bl), a. That may be apprehended. APPREHENSION (ap-re-hen'shun), n. 1. Act of apprehending or seizing. 3. Laying hold of with the mind. 3. Fear of future evil. 4. Capacity to apprehend. APPREHENSIVE (ap-re-hen'siv), a. 1. Fear- ful; suspicious. 2. Quick of perception. APPREHENSIVELY (ap-re-hen'siv-li), adv. In a manner showing apprehension. APPREHENSIVENESS (ap-re-hen'siv-nes), n. State of being apprehensive or fearful. APPRENTICE (ap-pren'tis), w. 1. Boy bound to a master to learn a trade or art. 2. Any learner or beginner. [O. Fr. apr entice; from apprendre, learn; from L. apprendo, contr. of apprehendo; ad, to, and prehendo, seize.] APPRENTICE (ap-pren'tis), vt. [pr.p. AP- PRENTICING; p.t. and p.p. APPRENTICED (ap-pren'tist).] Bind to a craft or trade. APPRISE (ap-priz'), vt. [pr.p. APPRI'SING; p.t. and p.p. APPRISED (ap-prizd').] Give notice; inform. [Fr. appris, p.p. of ap- prendre, learn.] APPRIZE (ap-priz'), vt. [pr.p. APPRIZING; p.t. and p.p. APPRIZED' (ap-prizd').] Same as APPRAISE. APPROACH (ap-proch'), v. [pr.p. APPRO ACH- ING; p.t. and p.p. APPROACHED (ap-procht).] I. vt. Come near to; make advances to. II. vi. Draw near. [Fr. approcher; L. ad, to, and prope, near.] SYN. Approximate; pursue. ANT. Re- cede; withdraw; retire. APPROACH (ap-proch'), n. 1. Act of drawing near. 2. Access; avenue. 3. Approximation; nearness. 4. [pi.] Works thrown up by be- siegers to protect them in their advances. APPROACHABILITY (ap-proch-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being approachable. APPROACHABLE (ap-prdch'a-bl), a. Capable of being approached; easy of access. APPROACHING (ap-proch'ing), n. Hort. Actor process of inarching, called also engrafting by approach. APPROBATE (ap'ro-bat), vt. [pr.p. APPRO- BATING; p.t. and p.p. APPROBATED.] Approve officially or formally; license. [L. approbatus, p.p. of approbo, approve.] APPROBATION (ap-ro-ba'shun), n. Act of approving an action or thing; commendation. SYN. Approval; praise; assent; sanc- tion; satisfaction; acceptance; confirmation; encouragement. ANT. Disapproval; cen- sure; blame; dissatisfaction; discourage- ment; repudiation; disparity; disavowal. APPROBATIVE (ap'ro-ba-tiv), a. Commenda- tory; laudatory. APPROBATIVENESS (ap'ro-ba-tiv-nes), n. 1. Quality of being approbative. 2. Phren. Faculty that is seat of desire of praise. APPROBATORY (ap'ro-ba-to-ri), a. Express- ing or implying approbation. APPROPRIABLE (ap-prd'pri-a-bl), a. That may be appropriated. APPROPRIATE (ap-pro'pri-at), vt. [pr.p. AP- PROPRIATING; p.t. and p.p. APPROPRI- ATED.] 1. Take to one's self as one's own. 2. Set apart for a purpose. [L. ad, to, and proprius, one's own.] APPROPRIATE (ap-pro'pri-at), a. 1. Suitable; fit; becoming. 2. Appropriated. APPROPRIATELY (ap-pro'pri-at-li), adv. In an appropriate manner. APPROPRIATENESS (ap-pro'pri-at-nes), n. Quality of being appropriate. APPROPRIATION (ap-pro-pri-a'shun). n. 1. Act of taking for one's own, or of setting apart for a special purpose. 2. That which is set apart officially for a special use, as funds for schools. APPROPRIATIVE (ap-pro'pri-a-tiv), a. In- volving appropriation. APPROPRIATOR (ap-pro'pri-a-tur), n. One who appropriates. APPRO VABLE (ap-prov'a-bl), a. That merits approval. APPRO VABLENESS (ap-prov'a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being approvable. APPROVAL (ap-prov'aD» »• Act of approving; approbation. APPROVE (ap-prov'), v. [pr.p. APPROVING; p.t. and p.p. APPROVED' (ap-provd').] I. vt. 1. Be pleased or express satisfaction with. 2. Prove; show. 3. Give sanction to; con- firm; ratify. 4. Render worthy of approval. II. vi. Feel or express approbation. APPROVED (ap-provd'), a. That has met with general approval; tried. APPROVER (ap-prov'er), n. One who approves. APPROVINGLY (ap-prov'ing-li), adv. In an approving manner. APPROXIMATE (ap-proks'i-mat), v. [pr.p. AP- PROXIMATING; p.t. and p.p. APPROX- IMATED.] I. vt. Cause to draw near; make approach; come near. II. vi. Come near in time, space degree, value, etc. [L. ad, to, and proximus, superl. of prope, near.] APPROXIMATE (ap-proks'i-mat), a. 1. Nearly accurate. 2. Approaching; near. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; u—u in Scotch gude; oil, ovrl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. mute, hut, bum, APPROXIMATELY 58 AQUARELLE APPROXIMATELY (ap-proks'i-niat-li), adv. Nearly ; by approximation. APPROXIMATION, (ap-proks-i-ma/shun), n. Act or process of approximating; result ap- proaching correctness. APPROXIMATIVE (ap-proks'i-ma-tiv), a. Ap- proximate. APPULSE(ap'uls),APPULSION(ap-pul'shun),n. Approach or impact of one moving body toward or upon another. [L. appulsus, approach.] APPURTENANCE (ap-pur'te-nans), n. That which appertains to; appendage. APPURTENANT (ap-pur'te-nant), a. Belong- ing or appertaining; subsidiary; incident. [From L. L. appertinens, pr.p. of appertineo; ad, to, and pertineo, belong.] APRICOT (a'-pri- kot or ap'ri- kot), n. Fruit intermediate between a plum and a peach; tree yielding it. [Of uncertain etymology.] April (a'prii),«. Fourth month of the year. — April fool, one Wh ° is J °? lG * A PW * (Prunus Armeniaca) on the first of April, All Fools' day. [L. Aprilis.] APRON (a'prun or a/purn), n. 1. Article of dress worn to protect the front of a person's clothes. 2. Anything resembling an apron in form or use. [O. Fr. naperon; from nape, cloth — L. mappa, napkin.] APROPOS (a-pro-po'), I. adv. 1. To the pur- pose; appropriately. 2. By the way. II. a. Opportune, fit- ting. Fr. apro- pos, to the point.] APROSEXIA(ap- ro-seks'i-a), n. Path. Inability to concentrate the mind or to retain infor- mation for any length of time. [Gr.fromapriv. and prosechd, hold to.] APSE (aps), n. Arch. 1. Sem- icircular or polygonal and generally dome - roofed recess in a Apse. building. 2. The altar end of [L. apsis; irom Gr. hapsis, wheel.] a church. APSIDAL (ap'si-dal), a. 1. Pertaining to the apsides. 2. Pertaining to or having an apse or apses. APSIS (ap'sis), n. [pi. APSIDES (ap'si-dez).[ 1. Astron. One of the two points in the elliptic orbit, as of a planet, which are at the greatest and smallest distance from the central body. The apsides of a planet are its aphelion and perihelion. 2. Arch. Apse. 3. Receptacle for sacred relics. [L., from Gr. hapsis, arch, wheel.] APT (apt), a. 1. Having a natural or habitual tendency; liable; likely; disposed. 2. Adapted to its purpose; suitable; pertinent. 3. Talent- ed; ready; quick to learn. [L. aptus, p.p. of apo, fasten.] SYN. Applicable; fit; suitable; proper; meet, appropriate; befitting. ANT. Inap- propriate; unsuitable; unfit; awkward; clumsy; incompetent; stupid; inexpert. APTERA (ap'te-ra), n.pl. Group of inverte- brates containing the wingless orders of in- sects proper. [Gr. apteros, wingless.] APTERAL (ap'te-ral), a. 1. Without wings. 2. Arch. Not having columns on the sides. APTEROUS (ap'te-rus), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Aptera. 2. Wingless. 3. Bot. With- out wing-like expan- sions. APTERYX (ap'te-riks) n. Bird of New Zea- land, about the size of a hen, with rudi- ments of wings and no tail. [Gr. and pteryx, APTITUDE (ap' tud), n. 1. Fitness. 2. Tendency. 3. Readiness. [See APT.] APTLY (apt'li), adv. In an apt manner. APTNESS (apt'nes), n. Quality of being apt. APTOTE (ap'tdt), n. Gram. Indeclinable noun. [Gr. a priv. and ptotos, falling. AQUA (a'kwa or a'kwa), n. Water. — Aqua ammoniai, a solution of ammonia gas in water; ammonia hydrate. — Aqua fortis, nitric acid. — Aqua regia, a mixture of one part of nitric acid and three or four parts of hydro- chloric acid. — Aqua vito2 9 any ardent spirit, especially brandy. [L.] AQUAMARINE (a-kwa-ma- ren'), n. 1. Bluish-green variety of beryl. 2. Bluish- green color. AQUAPHONE (ak'wa-fon), n. Watertight loud-speaking telephone instrument for marine and mining service. AQUARELLE (a-kwa-rei'), n. Painting executed in water colors. Aquaphone. Gr. a. priv. \H ?, •wing.] tt (ap'ti- \ Apteryx {A pteryx australis). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut," burn, u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7t in Scotch loch. AQUARIUM 59 ARBITRESS Aquarius. (=») AQUARIUM (a-kwa'rl-um), n. [pi. AQUA'RI- UMS or AQUA'RIA.] Vessel or building for water plants or animals. AQUARIUS (a-kwa'rl-us), n. 1. The Water- bearer, eleventh sign of the zodiac. 2, Con- stellation of the zodiac. [L.] AQUATIC (a-kwat'ik), I. o. Pertaining to water. II. n. 1. Water plant or animal. 2, [pi.] Water sports. AQUATINT (a'kwa-tint), AQUATINTA (a-kwa-tin'ta), n. A kind of engraving resem- bling water-color drawings. It shows tinted spaces as well as lines. AQUEDUCT (ak'we-dukt), n. Artificial channel for convey- ing water. [L. aquwductus.] AQUEOUS (ak'we-us), a. Pertaining to, de- posited by, or containing, water; watery. AQUIFORM (a'kwi-farm), a. Like water; liquid. AQUILINE (ak'wi-lin), a. Hooked; of or like an eagle. [L. aquila, eagle.] ARAB (ar'ab), n. 1. Native of Arabia. 2. [a-] Boy who runs the streets. Also called street arab. [At.] ARABESQUE (ar-a-besk'), I. a. 1. After the manner of the Arabians. 2. Pertain- ing to, or in the style of, ornamentation called ar- abesque. II. n. Fanciful style of ornamentation in which intertwined foliage, plants, geometrical fig- ures, and, sometimes, animals and persons are represented* [Fr.] ARABIA (a-ra/bi-a), n. Large peninsula in S. E. Asia. Area 173,700 sq. m. ARABIAN (a-ra/bi-an), I. a. Pertaining to Arabia. II. n. Native of Arabia. ARABIC (ar'a-bik), I. a. Relat- ing to Arabia, or to its lan- guage. II. n. Language of the Arabians. — Arabic fig- ures, the nine digits and ci- pher, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. ARABISM(ar'a-bizm), n. Ara- bic idiom. ArABIST (ar'a-bist), n . One conversant with the Arabic language literature. ARABLE (ar'a-bl), a. Fit for plowing or cul- tivation [L. arabilis; from aro, plow.] ARACHNE (a-rak'ne), n. Greek Myth. A Lyd- ian princess, who challenges Minerva or Athene to a spinning contest; unsuccessful, Arab. Arabesque ornamentation. and she hanged herself, but Minerva changed her into a spider. ARACHNID (a-rak'nid), n. Zool. Member of the class Arachnlda. ARACHNIDA (a-rak'ni-da), n. pi, Zool. Class of arthropods, including spiders, scorpions, mites, etc. [Gr. arachne, spider.] ARACHNITIS (a-rak-ni'tis), n. Pathol. Inflam- mation of the arachnoid. ARACHNOID (a-rak'noid), I. «. 1. Resembling a spider's web. 2. Anat. Pertaining to the membrane of the brain called the arachnoid. II. n. Anat. Thin membrane spread over the brain and spinal cord between the dura mater and the pia mater. [Gr. arachnS, spider, and eidos, form.] ARAGONITE (ar'a-gon-it), n. Chem. Crystals of carbonate of calcium. [Sp. Aragon and -ITE.] ARAMAIC (ar-a-ma'ik), I. a. Pertaining to ancient Aram (Mesopotamia and Syria) or to its inhabitants or language. II. n. The lan- guage of Palestine at the time of Christ. ArAMEAN (ar-a-me'an), a. and n. Ara- maic. ARANEIDA (ar-a-ne'i-da), n.pl. Zool. An order of arachnids; the spiders. [L. aranea, spider.] ARANEOUS (a-ra'ne-us), a. Resembling a cobweb; full of cobwebs. ARARAT (ar'a-rat), n. Mountain at junction of Russia, Persia and Asiatic Turkey. ARBITER (ar'bi-ter), n. [fern. AR'BITRESS.] Umpire; judge. [L. ad, to, and biio, go or come.] ARBITRAGE (ar'bi-traj or ar-bi-trazh'), n. 1. Arbitration. 2. The simultaneous buying and selling of bills of exchange or stocks In differ- ent markets. [Fr.] ARBITRAMENT (ar-bit'ra-ment), n. 1. Act of deciding. 2. Decision of an arbiter. ARBITRARILY (ar'bi-tra-ri-li), adv. In an arbitrary manner. ARBITRARINESS (ar'bi-tra-ri-nes), n. Quality of being arbitrary. ARBITRARY (ar'bi-tra-ri), a. 1. Done or made at pleasure; not based on any principle. 2. Depending on the will alone; tyrannical. 3. Law. Not fixed by rule or statute; discre- tionary. ARBITRATE (ar'bi-trat), v. [pr.p. ARBITRA- TING; p.*. and p.p. ARBITRATED.] I. vt. 1. Decide as arbitrator; determine; settle. 2. Settle by arbitration. II. vi. 1. Act as arbi- trator. 2. Submit a matter of arbitration. ARBITRATION (ar-bi-tra'shun), n. The hear- ing and deciding of a question by a person or persons mutually agreed upon by the parties to the dispute. ARBITRATOR (ar'bi-tra-tur), n. Arbiter. ARBITRATRIX (ar'bi-tra-triks), n. [pi. AR- BITRATRI'CES.] Female arbitrator. ARBITRESS (ar'bi-tres), n. Female arbiter. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mfite, hut, burn, n-u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kli=c/* in Scotch loch. ARBOR 60 ARCHBISHOP ARBOR (iir'bur), n. Lattice frame, over and around which creeping plants grow, forming a shady retreat; bower. [O. Fr. lierMer; from L. herbarium, herbary.] ARBOR (iir'bur), n. 1. Bot. Tree, as distin- guished from a shrub. 2. Mecli. Axle; spindle. — Arbor day, day set apart for the planting of trees, usually the second Wednes- day of April. [L. arbor, tree.] ARBOREAL (ar-bo're-al), a. Frequenting or inhabiting trees; pertaining to trees. ARBORED (ar'burd), a. Furnished with an arbor. ARBOREOUS (ar-bd're-us), a. Of or pertaining to trees or the woods; like a tree. ARBORESCENCE (ar-bo-res'ens), n. State of being arborescent. ARBORESCENT (ar-bo-res'ent), a. Having ramifications like a tree. ARBORETUM (ar-bo-re'tum), n. [pi. ARBO- RE'TA.] Place in which trees and shrubs are cultivated for scientific purposes. [L.] ARBORICOLE (ar-bor'i-kol), a. 1. Pertaining to life in trees. 2. Living in trees. [L. arbor, tree, and colo, dwell.] ARBORICULTURAL (ar-btir-i-kul'tur-al), a. Pertaining to the cultivation of trees. ARBORICULTURE (ar'bur-i-kul-tur), n. Cul- tivation of trees. ARBORICULTURIST (ar-bur-i-kul'tiir-ist), n. One who cultivates trees. ARBORIFOR3I (ar'bur-i-farni), c. Formed like a tree. ARBORIST (ar'bur-ist), n. One who makes a special study of trees. ARBOROUS (ar'bur-us), a. Full of trees; formed by trees; pertaining to trees. ARBOR-VIT,E (ar-bur-vi'te), n. Bot. Ever- green tree or shrub, especially the white cedar. [L., literally, tree of life.] ARBUSCLE (ar'bus-1), n. Bot. Dwarf tree; tree-like shrub. [L. arbuscula, dim. of arbor, tree.] ARBUTE (ar-but'), n. Same as ARBUTUS. ARBUTEAN (ar-bu-te'an), a. Pertaining to the arbutus. Arbutus (ar'bu-tus), plants belonging to the heath family. 2. [a-] Any plant of this genus. — Trailing arbutus, creeping plant with fragrant rose- colored blossoms, com- monly called Mayflower. [L.; from arbor, tree.] ARC (ark), n. Arch; seg- ment of a circle. — Arc light, electric light formed by passage of voltaic cur- rent between two carbon points; voltaic arc. [Fr. ; from L. arcus, bow.] ARC (ark), vi. [pr.p. ARCK- Bot. 1. Genus of Light. Arcade. ING; p.p. and p.t. ABCKED (arkt).] Form a voltaic arc. ARCADE (ar-kad), n. 1. Walk arched over. 2. Long arched gallery with shops on both sides. 3. Row of pillared arches. Arcadian (ar-ka- di-an), a. Pertain- to Arcadia, a dis- trict in Greece; pastoral; rural. ARCANE (ar'kan), I. a. Hidden, secret. II. n. Secret remedy; powerful charm. [L.] ARCANUM (ar-ka'num), n. [pi. ARCANA.] 1. A mystery, especially one hidden from the mass of men. 2. Great remedy; panacea, from arceo, shut in.] ARCH (arch), n. 1. Arch. Curved struct- ure, the two ends of which rest on sup- ports. 2. Archway. 3. Anything of simi- lar form; rainbow; sky, etc. — Trium- phal arch, arch erected in commem- oration of some triumph. [Fr. arche; [L. Arch. 1, 7, springers, 4, keystone, 2, 3, 5, 6, voussoirs. from L. arcus, bow.] ARCH (arch), v. [pr.p. ARCHING; p.t. and p.p. ARCHED (archt).] I. vt. 1. Cover with an arch. 2. Form into an arch. II. vi. As- sume the form of an arch. 3. Cover or span with an arch or arches. ARCH (arch), a. Playfully sly; roguish. [From ARCH-.] ARCH-, prefix. Of the first order; chief; prin- cipal. [See ARCHI-.] -ARCH, suffix. Ruler. [Gr. archos, chief.] ARCHAEAN (jir-ke'an), ARCHAIAN (ar-ka'an), a. Geol. Pertaining to the oldest rocks of the earth's crust, or to the period of their forma- tion. [Gr. archaios, ancient.] ARCH^OLOGIC, ARCHAEOLOGIST, ARCHAE- OLOGY. See ARCHEOLOGIC, ARCHEOLO- GIST, ARCHEOLOGY. ARCHAIC (ar-ka'ik), a. Of the nature of an archaism; antiquated; obsolete. ARCHAISM (ar'ka-izm), n. Antiquated word, idiom, style, usage, etc. ARCHAIST (ar'ka-ist), n. One who uses archaisms. ARCHAIZE (ar'ka-iz), v. [pr.p. AR'CHAIZING; p.t. and p.p. ARCHAIZED (ar'ka-izd).] I. vt. Give the appearance of antiquity to. II. vi. Use or imitate archaisms. ARCHANGEL (ark-an'jel), n. Chief angel. [Gr. archangelos ; from arch-, chief, and angelos, angel.] ARCHBISHOP (arch-bish'up), n. Chief bishop; the bishop of a province as well as his own diocese. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owi, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. ARCHBISHOPRIC G! -ARCHY ARCHBISHOPRIC (arch-bish'up-rik), n. Office and jurisdiction of an archbishop. ARCHDEACON (arch-de'kun), n. Officer next under a bishop. ARCHDIOCESE (arch-dl'6-ses), n. Diocese of an archbishop. ARCHDUCAL (arch-du'kal), a. Pertaining to an archduke. ARCHDUCHESS (arch-duch'es), n. 1. Wife of an archduke. 2. Daughter of the emperor of Austria. ARCHDUCHY (arch-duch'i), n. [pi. ARCH- DUCH'IES.] Territory or dignity of an arch- duke. ARCHDUKE (areh-duk'), n. 1. Son of the em- peror of Austria. 2. Title of several sover- eigns, as Brabant, Austria, Lorraine. ARCHDUKEDOM (arch-duk'dum), n. Arch- duchy. ARCHED (archt), a. 1. Having the form ox- character of an arch. 2. Furnished with arches. ARCH-ENEMY (arch-en'i-mi), n. Chief enemy; ARCHEOLOGIC, ARCHEOLOGIC (ar-ke-o- loj'ik), ARCHEOLOGICAL, ARCHEOLOG- IC AL (ar-ke-o-loj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to archeology. ARCHEOLOGIST, ARCHAEOLOGIST (ar-ke- ol'o-jist), n. One versed in archeology; one who makes a study of antiquities. ARCHEOLOGY, ARCHEOLOGY (ar-ke-ol'o- ji), n. Science which treats of antiquities. [Gr. archaiologia — archaios, ancient, and logos, discourse.] . ARCHER (ar'cher), n. [fern. AK'CHERESS.] One who shoots with a bow and arrow; bow- man. [L. arcarius ; from arcus, bow.] ARCHER-FISH (ar'cher-fish), n. Small fish of the East Indies, once supposed to catch insects by ejecting drops of water at them. ARCHERY (ar'cher-i), n. Art of shooting with a bow. ARCHETYPAL (ar-ke-ti'pal), a. Pertaining to, or constituting, an archetype or model; origi- nal; not copied. ARCHETYPE (ar'ke-tip), n. 1. Original pat- tern. 2. Biol. Supposed primitive structure of any group. ARCHI-, prefix. Chief; principal. [Gr.; from archos, chief.] ARCHIDIACONAL (ar-ki-di-ak'o-nal), a. Per- taining to an archdeacon. ARCHIEPISCOPACY (ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pa-si), n. [pi. ARCHIEPIS'COPACIES.] 1. System of church government by archbishops. 2. Office or dignity of an archbishop. ARCHIEPISCOPAL (ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pal), a. Per- taining to an archbishop. ARCHIL (ar'kil), n. 1. Name given to several species of lichen. 2. Rich, purple dye-stuff obtained from these lichens; orchil. [O. Fr. orchel.] Archimedean screw. Archimedean (ar-ki-me-de'- an), a. Pertain- ing to Archime- des, a celebrated mathematician of Syracuse (3rd "S§ century B.C.).- — Archimedean screw, Archi- medes* screw, a pipe twisted spirally around a cylinder, which, when inclined so that its lower end is in water and rotated, raises the water. Archipelago (ar-ki-pei'a-go), n. 1. The sea studded with islands which lies between Greece and Asia Minor. 2. [a-] Any body of water abounding in small islands. 3. The islands themselves, collectively. [Gr. archl; chief, and pelagos, sea.] ARCHITECT (ar'ki-tekt), n. 1. One who de- signs buildings and superintends their erection. 2. Contriver or designer of anything. [Gr. archi-, chief, and tektdn, builder.] ARCHITECTIVE (ar-ki-tek'tiv), o. Used for building purposes. ARCHITECTURAL (ar-ki-tek'tu-ral), a. Per- taining to architecture. ARCHITECTURALLY (ar-ki-tek'tu-ral-i), adv. In an architectural manner. ARCHITECTURE (ar'ki-tek-tur), n. 1. Art or science of constructing buildings. 2. Style of structure. 3. Architectural productions, collectively, as of a country or period. ARCHITRAVE (ar'ki-trav), n. Part of an en- tablature that rests directly on the columns. [Gr. archi, chief, and L. trabs, beam.] ARCHIVE (ar'kiv), n. [pi. ARCHIVES (iir'- kivz).] (Mostly used in the plural.) 1. Public record or paper. 2. [pi.] Place where public papers and records are kept. 3. [pi.] The papers and records so kept. [Gr. archeion, a govern- ment office.] SYN. Records; registers; muniments; chronicles; annals; history. ANT. Blot; ob- literation; cancelation; erasure. ARCHIVIST (ar'ki-vist), «, One who has charge of archives. ARCHI VOLT (ar'ki-v<), n. Arch. 1. Band adorned with moldings over the faces of the arch stones. 2. The line formed by the upper edges of the wedge-shaped stones forming the arch. [It. archivolto.] ARCHLY (^rch'li), adv. In an arch manner; roguishly. ARCHNESS (arch'nes), n. Slyness; roguishness; waggery. ARCHQN (ar'kon), n. Highest magistrate in ancient Athens. [Gr. arch&n, ruler.] ARCHWAY (arch'wa), n. Entrance or passage under an arch. -ARCHY, suffix. Denoting rule. [Gr. -archia. See ARCHI-.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mQte, hut, burn, ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ABCIFORM 62 ARGENTAL ARCIFORM (aVsi-farm), a. Shaped like a bow; curved. [L. areas, bow, and forma, form.] ARCOGRAPH (ar'kd-graf), n. Instrument for describing an arc without striking it from a central point; cy olograph. [L. areus, arc, and Gr. grapho, write.] ARCTIC (ark'tlk), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the Great or Little Bear constellations. 2. Per- taining to the region round the north pole; extremely cold. II. n. 1. Arctic regions. 2. Warm, waterproof overshoe. [Gr. arctos, bear.] ARCTIC (iirk'tik) OCEAN. Part of the ocean which lies about the North Pole. ARCUATE (ar'ku-at), ARCUATED (ar'ku-a- ted), a. Bent like a bow; arched. [L. arcus, bow.] ARCUATION (ar-ku-a'shun), n. Act of bend- ing or state of being bent. -ARD, -ART, suffix. Liable or addicted to; as, drunkard, braggart. [Fr.; from Ger. -hart; from hart, hard.] ARDENCY (ar'den-si), n. Quality of being ardent; Intensity of feelings; warmth. ARDENT (ar'dent), a. 1. Intense in emotion or action; passionate; zealous. 2. Having the quality or appearance of fire; glowing; hot. — Ardent spirits, alcoholic liquors. [Fr. ardent, pr. p. of order; from L. ardeo, burn.] SYN. Devoted; fervent; fiery; fervid; Impassioned; eager. ANT. Frigid; cold; passionless. ARDENTLY (ar'dent-li), adv. In an ardent manner. ARDENTNESS (iir'dent-nes), n. Quality of being ardent. ARDOIS (ar'dois) SYSTEM. Naut. Arrange- ment for signaling at night at sea by means of electric red and white lamps, controlled by key-pressure on deck. ARDOR (ar'dur), n. Warmth of passion or feeling. [L. ardeo, burn.] SYN. Eagerness; fervor; intensity; warmth; heat; zeal. ANT. Apathy; indif- ference; coldness; aversion; loathing. ARDUOUS (ar'du-us), a. 1. Difficult to accom- plish; Involving great toil. 2. Toiling hard. 3. Steep and high. SYN. Difficult; hard; laborious; onerous; severe; toilsome. ANT. Easy; slight; pleasant; trivial; facile; yielding. ARDUOUSLY (ar'du-us-li), adv. In an arduous manner. ARDUOUSNESS (ar'du-us-nes), n. Quality of being arduous. ARE (ar), v. Present indicative plural and present second person singular of BE. ARE (ar), n. The unit of superficial measure In the metric system, containing 100 square meters, 119.6 square yards. [Fr.; from L. area, area.] AREA (a're-a), n. 1. Plane surface included within limits. 2. Vacant space about a build- ing. 3. Superficial contents of any figure. 4. Region. [L.] AREAL (a're-ai), a. Pertaining to an area. ARENA (a=re'na), ». 1. Open space strewn with sand, in a Roman amphitheater, for contests. 2. Any place of public action or contest. 3. Pathol. Fine gravel in the kidneys. [L. arena, sand.] ARENACEOUS (ar-e-na'shus), a. 1. Sandy. 2. Made up of sand, as some rocks. [L. arena, sand.] ARENATION (ar-e-na'shun), n. Bath of hot sand. ARENOSE (ar'e-nos), a. Full of sand; arena- ceous; friable. AREOLA (a-re'o-la), «. [pi. ARE'OI^E.] 1. Bot. Interstitial space or mesh in tissues. 2. Anal. Colored circle as about a nipple or a vesicle. [L., dim. of area, area.] ABEOLAB (a-re'o-lar), a. Containing areola?. — Areolar tissue, cellular tissue. ABEOLATE (a-re'o-lat), ABEOLATED (a-re'o- la-ted, a. Divided into irregular spaces. ABEOMETEB (a-re-om'e-ter), n. Any instru- ment for measuring the specific gravity of liquids; hydrometer. [Gr. araios, thin, and METER.] ABEOMETBICAL (a-re-o-met'rik-al), a. Per- taining to areometry. ABEOMETBY (a-re-om'e-tri), n. Process or art of measuring the specific gravity of liquids. ABEOPAGITE (ar-e-op'a-Jit), n. Member of the Areopagus. ABEOPAGUS (ar-e-op'a-gus), n. 1. The high- est court in ancient Athens, holding its ses- sions on Mars Hill. 2. Any tribunal whose decision is final. [L.; from Gr. Areiopagos; from Ares, Mars, and pagos, hill.] ABES(a'rez), n. Greek Myth. Son of Zeus and Hera, and known to the Greeks as the god of war; also recognized as Mars by the Bo mans. He was supposed to represent all that was typical of barbarism, bloodshed, cruelty, bru- tality and wanton violence, as embodied in all iniquities that destruction calls forth. ABETHUSA (ar-e-thu'sa),n. Greek Myth. One of the nymphs of Diana, who changed her into a fountain. ABGAL (ar'gal), n. Same as ABGOL. ABGALI (ar'ga-U), n. 1. Wild sheep of North- ern Asia and Siberia, with very long and thick horns curving outward and spirally. 2. The big-horned wild sheep of the Rocky Moun- tains. [3Iongol.] ARGAND BUBNEB (ar'gand burn'er). Burner which produces a cylindrical hollow flame with an air current within and without. [Named from its inventor, Argand of Geneva, about 1782.] ARGENT (ar'jent), a. Made of or like silver; silvery. [Fr.; from L. argentum, silver.] ABGENTAL (ar-jen'tal), a. Pertaining to, con- sisting of, or resembling silver. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. ARGENT AN 63 ARID German silver. I. a. Bot. Silvery II. n. Chem. A n. Coating y SB Gen. Julio A. Roca, president of Argen- tine Republic from 1898 to 1904. [L. ARGENTAN (ar'j en-tan), n ARGENTATE (ar'jen-tat), white, as certain leaves, salt of argentic acid. ARGENT ATION (ar-jen-ta'shun) with silver. ARGENTIC (ar-jen'tik), a. Pertaining to, or containing silver, especially in its highest valence. ARGENTINE (ar'jen-ten), n. Republic in S. America, E. of Andes and S. of Bolivia. Area 1,117,184 sq. m. ARGENTINE (ar'jen-tin), n. 1. Fish with silvery scales. 2. Silvery pig- ment on fish scales. . 3. Silvery variety of calcite. 4. [A-] Inhabitant of the Argentine Republic, in South America. ARGENTITE (ar'jen-tit), n. Min. Silver sulphide, a lead-colored silver ore. ARGENTOXJS (ar-jen'tus) a. Chem. Pertaining to, or containing silver, es- pecially in its lowest valence. ARGIL (ar'jil), n. Potters' white clay, argilla, allied to Gr. argos, white.] ARGILLACEOUS (ar-jil-la'shus), a. Consisting mostly of clay; clayey. ARGILLIFEROUS (ar-jil-lif'er-us), a. Con- taining or yielding clay. [L. argilla, clay, and FEROUS.] ARGILLITE (ar'jil-it), n. Clay-slate. ARGILLOUS (ar-jil'us), a. Consisting of clay; clayey. ARGIVE (ar'glv), I. a. Pertaining to Argos, or to Greece; Greek. II. n. Native of Argos; Greek. ARGO (ar'go), n. Greek Myth. The first ship of the Argonauts; as well as the one in which Jason went in search of the golden fleece. ARGOL (ar'gol), n. Hard crust of crude tartar found adhering to the insides of casks in which wine has fermented. [Etym. uncertain.] ARGON (ar'gon), n. Atmospheric inert ele- ment discovered by Lord Rayleigh in 1894. [Gr. a priv. and ergon, work.] ARGONAUT (ar'go-nat), n. 1. Greek Myth. One who accompanied Jason in the ship Argo to Colchis, in quest of the "golden fleece." 2. [a-] Paper-nautilus, a cephalopod mollusk, formerly believed to use its arms for sails. [Gr. Argonautes; from Argo, and nautSs, sailor.] ARGONAUTIC (ar-go-na'tik), a. Pertaining to the Argonauts, or their expedition. ARGOSY (ar'go-si), n. Large merchant vessel, especially one carrying rich merchandise. [From Ragusa, port in Dalmatia.] ARGOT (ar'go), n. Conventional slang; origin- ally, jargon of thieves. [Fr.] ARGUABLE (ar'gu-a-bl), a. That admits of argument. ARGUE (ar'gu), v. [pr.p. AR'GUING; p.t. and p.p. ARGUED (ar'gud).] I. vt. 1. Urge rea- sons for or against; discuss. 2. Persuade, as out of or into an opinion. 3. Furnish proof of; imply. II. vi. Present arguments; dis- pute. [O. Fr. arguer; from L. arguo, show.] SYN. Contend; debate; wrangle; con- trovert; discuss. ANT. Contravene; quib- ble; evade; elude; rebut; contradict. ARGUER (ar'gu-er), n. One who argues. ARGUMENT (ar'gu-ment), n. 1. Something offered in proof or to convince or justify; reason. 2. Series of reasons or statements; course of reasoning. 3. Contest; discussion. 4. Summary of the salient points. 5. Logic, The middle term of a syllogism. [Fr.; from L. argumentum; from arguo. See ARGUE.] SYN. Reason; proof; demonstration; test; discussion; debate; disputation. ANT. Sophistry; fallacy; evasion; negation. ARGUMENT AL (ar-gu-men'tal), a. Pertaining to or containing argument. ARGUMENTATION (ar-gu-men-ta'shun), n. 1. Process of reasoning. 2. Act of arguing; disputation; discussion; debate. ARGUMENTATIVE (ar-gu-men'ta-tiv), a. 1. Consisting of or containing argument. 2, Inclined to argue; disputatious. ARGUS (ar'gus), n. Greek Myth. A god with a hundred eyes, charged by Hera (or Juno) to watch her rival Io, but being slain by Hermes (or Mercury), Hera placed his eyes on the tail of a peacock. ARGUS (ar'gus), w. 1. Sharp-sighted or observ- ant person. 2. Pheasant with enormous tail feathers and ocellated plumage. — Argus- eyed, ceaselessly vigilant. — Argus-shell, cowry with eye-like spots. [From Argus, the giant with a hundred eyes in Greek mythology.] ARIA (a'ri-a), n. Music. Air or song for a single voice supported by instruments. [It.] ARIADNE (a-ri-ad'ne), n. Greek Myth. Daugh- ter of Minos, king of Crete, who enabled The- seus to get out of the Labyrinth by means of a ball of thread. -ARIAN, suffix. Used to form adjectives and adjectival nouns. Denotes occupation, belief, or other characteristic trait; as, antiquarian, unitarian, centenarian. [L. arius, -ary, and -anus, an.] ARIAN (ar'yan), n. Ethnol. Same as ARYAN. ARIAN (a'ri-an), I. a. Pertaining to Arius or Arianism. II. n. Follower of Arius, or be- liever in Arianism. ARIANISM (a'ri-an-izm), n. Doctrine main- tained by the Alexandrian presbyter Arius, about A. D. 318, that Christ, the Son of God, is the noblest of all things created out of nothing, but inferior to God, and produced by his free-will. ARID (ar'id), a. 1. Parched with heat; having fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, ber; mite, mit; note, not, m6ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kn=cft in Scotch loch. ARIDNESS 64 ARMATURE a seed. Uttie or no rain; dry. 2. Devoid of feeling or interest; dull; profitless. [L. aridus; from areo, be dry.] SYN. Undamped; husky; sapless; juice~ less. ANT. Moist; damp; watery; humid; Juicy; wet. ARIDNESS (ar'ld-nes), ARIDITY (a-rid'i-tl), it. State or quality of being arid. Aries (a'ri-ez), n. A constel- lation and the first sign of the zodiac; the Ram. [L. aries, ram.] ARIGHT (a-rit'), adv. In a right way; correctly. ARIL (ar'il), n. Bot. Exterior coat or [Fr. arille; from L. aridus, dry.] ARILLATE (ar'11-lat), a. Furnished with an aril. ArION (a-ri'on), n. Greek Myth, A famous lyric poet of the island Lesbos, who charmed dol- phins with his lute. ARIOSO (a-rg-6'so), adv. and a. Music. In a smooth and melodious style. [It.] ARISE (a-riz'), vi. [pr.p. ARI'SING; p.t. AROSE (a-roz'), p.p. ARISEN (a-riz'n).] 1. Rise from a lying, kneeling or sitting position; get up. 2. Move to a higher place; ascend. 3. Begin existence or action; originate; issue; become known. 4. Rise In anger or sedition. [A. S. drlsan; from intens. a- (away, out), and RISE.] ArIST.^EUS (ar-is-te'us), n. Greek Myth. Known as the god of the shepherds, herdsmen and husbandmen. ARISTOCRACY (ar-Is-tok'ra-si), n. 1. Govern- ment by the nobles. 2. Nobility of a state. [Gr. aristos, best, and krateo, sway.] ARISTOCRAT (ar-ls'to-krat), n. 1. One who belongs to aristocracy. 2. Haughty person. ARISTOCRATIC (ar-ls-to-krat'ik), ARISTO- CRATICAL (ar-is-to-krat'lk-al), a. 1. Per- taining to, consisting in, or tending toward, an aristocracy. 2. Having or showing the manners or spirit of an aristocrat. SYN. Noble; exalted; patrician; haughty; high; stately; lordly. ANT. Ignoble; low; plebeian; untitled; menial; humble. ARISTOCRATICALLY (ar-ls-to-krat'ik-al-i), adv. In an aristocratic manner. ARISTOCRATICALNESS (ar-is-to-krat'ik-al- nes), n. Quality of being aristocratical. ARITHMETIC (a-rith'me-tik), n. Science of numbers; art of reckoning by figures. [Gr. arlthmftiki; from arithmos, number.] ARITHMETICAL (ar-ith-met'Ik-al), a. 1. Per- taining to arithmetic. 2. According to the rules of arithmetic. ARITHMETICALLY (ar-ith-met'ik-al-D, adv In an arithmetical manner; by means of arithmetic. ARITHMETICIAN (a-rith-me-tish'an), ». One skilled In arithmetic. - ARIUM, suffix. Forming noons denoting a place for, as sanitarium, or nouns denoting that which confers, as honorarium. [L. neut. of ~arius, -ary.] ARIZONA (ar-i-zo'na), ». One of the u. s. Act of admission to the Union approved Aug. 21, 1911. Area 113,000 sq. m. ARK (ark), n. 1. Vessel In which Noah and his family were preserved during the flood. 2. Sacred repository of the tables of the Mosaic law, etc. 3. The papyrus cradle in which the Infant Moses was concealed in the bul- rushes. 4. Large flat boat. [L. area, chest.] ARKANSAS (ar'kan-sa), n. One of the U. S. Area 53,850 sq. m. Capital, Little Rock. ARM (arm), n. 1. Upper limb on either side of the human body, from shoulder to hand. 2. Anything branching out like an arm, as a branch of a tree, support of a chair, yard end of a vessel, or narrow inlet of the ocean. 3. Fig. Power; support. [A. S.] ARM (arm), vt. [pr.p. ARMING; p.t. and p.p. ARMED (armd).] 1. Take hold of or lead by the arm or arms. 2. Supply with an arm or arms, as a body or chair. ARM (arm) n. 1. Any weapon, especially a military one. 2. Distinct branch of military service, as the artillery. [From ARMS.] ARM (arm), v. [pr.p. ARM'ING; p.t. and p.p. ARMED (armd).] I. vt. 1. Equip with weap- ons; prepare for a fight; cover with armor. 2. Equip with necessaries for any business. 3. Equip with an armature or keeper, as a magnet. II. vi. Take arms. [Fr. armer; from L. armo; from arma, arms.] SYN. Organize; equip; man; rig; ac- couter; array; train; drill. ARMADA (ar-ma'da or ar-ma'da), n. 1. Fleet of warships. 2. [A-] Spanish fleet sent against England in 1588. ARMADILLO (ar-ma-dil'6), n. Small omnivo- rous quadruped of South America, having the upper part of its body and head covered with strong, bony plates, which form a complete armor when the animal rolls itself up. [Sp. dim. of armado, armored.] ARMAMENT (ar'ma-ment), n. 1. Force equipped for war, either naval or military. 2. That which constitutes the equipment of a warship or fortress as weapons, ammunition, etc. ARMATURE (ar'ma- tur), n. 1. Armor; means of defense; strengthening framework. 2. Piece of soft Iron applied to a magnet to keep the magnetic power undiminished; keeper. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khscft in Scotch loch. A.RMCHAIR 65 AROMATIZATION Armenian. 3. Elec. In a dynamo, the iron wound with insulated wire, the rotation of which near the poles of a magnet induces currents of elec- tricity in its coils. [L. armatura, armor.] ARMCHAIR (arm'char), n. Chair with sup- ports for the lower parts of the arms. ARMED (armd), a. Supplied with arms. — Armed magnet, magnet provided with an armature. ARMENIA (ar-me'ni-a), n. Region around Mt. Ararat, in Russia, Persia and Asiatic Turkey. ARMENIAN (ar-me'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining to Ar- menia, a country N. E. of Asia Minor. II. n. 1. Native of Armenia. 2. Language spoken by the Armenians. ARMET (ar-ma'), n. Diver's helmet. [Fr. Arme, dim. of arm.] ARMFUL (arm'fQl), n. As much as can be held in the arm or arms. ARMILLARY (ar'mil-la-ri), a. Consisting of rings or circles. [L. armilla, ring.] ARMIPOTENT (ar-mip'o-tent), a. Powerful in arms. [L. arma, arms, and potens, powerful.] ARMISTICE (ar'mis-tis), n. Short suspension of hostilities; truce. [Fr. — L. arma, arms, and sisto, stop.] ARMLESS arm'les), c. Having no arms or branches. 2. Unarmed; defenseless. ARMLET (arm'let), ». 1. Small arm, as of the sea. 2. Bracelet for the upper arm. ARMOR (ar'mur),n. 1. Defensive cov- ering, designed to protect the body, especially in an- cient warfare. 2. Protective plating of warships, auto- cars, etc. 3. Any- thing designed as a defense against enemies. 4. Ar- mature of a mag- net. [Fr. armure; from L. armatura; from arma, arms.] ARMOR (ar'mur), v. pr.p. [AR'MOR- ING; p.t. and p.p. ARMORED (ar'murd).] I. vt. Furnish with armor; protect with metal plates, as a bat- tleship. II. vi. Put on armor, as an ancient knight. ARMOR-BEARER (ar'mur-bar-er), n. One who in ancient times bore the armor or weap- ons of another; armiger; squire. ARMOR-CLAD (ar'mur-klad), a. Clad with armor; armored, as an armor-clad vessel. Armor. Armored automobile. ARMORED (ar'murd) a. Protected by armor. — Armored automobile, automobile equipped =g with an armor-plate compartment and a Maxim or similar gun; used in war. ARMORER (ar'mur-er), n. 1. One who manufactures or repairs armor or arms. 2. One who has the custody of arms. ARMORIAL (ar-mo'ri-al), a. Pertaining to heraldry or heraldic arms. ARMOR-PLATE (ar'mur-plat), n. Protective iron or steel plate, as for the hull of a battle- ship. ARMORY (ar'mo-ri), n. [pi. AR'MORIES.] 1. Place for keeping weapons of war; arsenal. 2. Place for meeting of militia for drill, etc. 3. Place where arms are manufactured. 4. Armor or arms. 5. Heraldic arms. [O. Fr. armoirie, from armes — L. arma, weapons.] ARMPIT (arm'pit), n. Pit or hollow under the arm where it is joined to the body; axilla. ARMRACK (arm'rak), n. Stand, frame or rack for holding small arms. [Fr. armes, arms; A. S. hreca, rack.] ARMS (armz), n.pl. 1. Weapons of war, as cannon, rifles, pistols, swords, etc. 2. Law. Weapons of any kind, as stones, sticks, etc. 3. Heraldic devices. — In arms, in a state of hostility. — To arms! Summons to take arms. — Under arms, armed and ready for action. [L. arma, weapons.] ARMY (ar'mi), n. [pi. AR'MIES.] 1. Organ- ized military force. 2. Great number of persons united for action. 3. Vast multi- tude; host. [Fr. armee; from L. L. armata, fern, of armatus, armed.] ARMY-CORPS (ar'mi-cor), w. army complete in itself. ARMY-WORM (ar'mi-wurm), moth (Leucania unipuncta), in great numbers and devastates crops, etc. ARNATTO (ar-nat'6), n. Same as ARNOTTO. ARNICA (ar'ni-ka), n. Bot. 1. Genus of plants of the aster family. 2. [a-] Plant of this genus. 3. [a-] Tincture made from a species of Arnica (A. montana), used as a remedy for wounds, bruises, etc. ARNOTTO (ar-not'6), n. Bot. 1. Small tropical American tree (Bixa Orellano). 2. Waxy- looking pulp which envelops the seeds of this tree, extensively used for coloring butter, cheese, and varnish. [Sp. Am.] AROMA (a-ro'ma), n. Fragrance in plants and other substances. [Gr.] AROMATIC (ar-6-matik), I. a. Fragrant; spicy. II. n. Plant or drug with a fragrant odor, and usually a warm, pungent taste. AROMATICAL (ar-o-mat'i-kal), o. Aromatic. AR03IATIZATI0N (a-ro-ma-ti-za'shun), n. Act of scenting or rendering fragrant. Division of an n. Larva of a which appears fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i—u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. AROMATIZE ARROGATE AROMATIZE (a-ro'nia-tiz), vt. [pr.p. ARO- MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. AROMATIZED (a-ro'ma-tizd).] Render aromatic or fragrant; perfume; scent. AROSE (a-roz'), v. Past tense of ARISE. AROUND (a-rownd'), I. prep. 1. About. 2. On all sides of; encircling; near. 3. In the neighborhood of. II. adv. On every side; In a circle; from place to place. [A- and ROUND.] AROUSAL (a-rowz'al), n. Act of arousing, or state of being aroused. AROUSE (a-rowz'), vt. [pr.p. AROUS'ING; p.t. and p.p. AROUSED (a-rowzd').] 1. Wake from sleep. 2. Excite; rouse. ARPEGGIO (ar-pej'o), n. Music. 1. Striking the notes of a chord in quick succession after the manner of playing on a harp. 2. Note of a chord so played. [It.] ARRACK (ar'ak), n. Spirituous liquor, espe- cially that distilled from the juice of the cocoa- nut-tree. [Ar. araq.] ARRAIGN (ar-ran'), vt. [pr.p. ARRAIGN'ING; p.t. and p.p. ARRAIGNED (ar-rand').] 1. Bring an accusation against; denounce. 2. Law. Call (a prisoner) to the bar of a court to answer an indictment. [O. Fr. arraigner; from L. L. arrationo; from ad, to, and ratio, account.] SYN. Accuse; censure; criminate; reproach; indict; impeach; summon; cite; inculpate; impute. ANT. Vindicate; jus- tify; acquit; exculpate; exonerate. ARRAIGNMENT (ar-ran'ment), n. 1. Act of arraigning. 2. Charge made against person or persons arraigned; accusation. ARRANGE (ar-ranj'), v. [pr.p. ARRAN'GING; p.t. and p.p. ARRANGED (ar-ranjd').] I. vt. 1. Put in order; place in certain definite posi- tions. 2. Plan or prepare beforehand. II. vi. 1. Get ready. 2. Come to an agree- ment; effect a settlement. [Fr. a, to, and ranger, range.] SYN. Dispose; assort; array; classify; range; class; group; distribute; adjust; settle; regulate; determine; plan; contrive; devise; concoct; construct; prepare. ANT. Derange; disarrange; confound; confuse; disturb; disperse; jumble; disorder. ARRANGEABLE (ar-ranj 'a-bl), a. Capable of being arranged. ARRANGEMENT (ar-ranj'ment), n. 1. Act of arranging or state of being arranged. 2. Order effected by arranging. 3. Disposition; plan. 4. Settlement; understanding; adjust- ment. 5. Adaptation, as in music. 6. Classi- fication, as in natural science. ARRANGER (ar-ran'jer), n. One who arranges. ARRANT (ar'ant), a. Notorious; downright. [Fr. errant, vagabond.] ARRAS (ar'as), n. Tapestry. [From Arras, in France, where first made.] ARRAY (ar-ra), vt. [pr.p. ARRAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. ARRAYED (ar-rad).] 1. Put in military order for battle or for review; marshal. 2. Invest with raiment, especially of a splendid kind; dress; clothe. 3. Law. Call or set in order, as a jury. [O. Fr. arraier, set in order.] ARRAY (ar-ra,'), n. 1. Order, especially of battle. 2. Impaneled jury. 3. Showy ar- rangement. 4. Dress; equipage. ARREAR (ar-rer'), n. 1. That which remains unpaid and overdue; mostly in the plural. 2. State of being behindhand, as in payment. [Fr. arriere, behind; from L. ad, to, and retro, backward.] • ARREARAGE (ar-rer'aj), n. 1. State of being in arrears. 2. Arrears. ARREST (ar-rest), vt. [pr.p. ARREST'ING; p.t. and p.p. ARREST'ED.] 1. Cause to stop suddenly; check. 2. Seize or apprehend. 3. Engage; occupy. [O. Fr. arester; from L. ad, to, and resto, stop.] SYN. Catch; take; stop; capture; re- strain; withhold; hold; detain; secure. ANT. Release; discharge; dismiss; free; liberate; expedite. ARREST (ar-resf), n. 1. Act of arresting or state of being arrested; seizure; detention; delay. 2. Legal seizure or placing under restraint. ARRESTIVE (ar-rest'iv), a. 1. Serving to arrest. 2. Gram. Marking a restriction, as the conjunction but. ARRESTMENT (ar-rest'ment), n. Stoppage. ARRET (a-ra'), n. 1. Decree; edict. 2. Author- itative seizure; arrest. [Fr.] ARRHIZOUS (ar-ri'zus), a. Bot. Having no proper roots, as parasitic plants. [Gr. arrhizos; from a priv. and rhiza, root.] ARRIS (ar'is), n. Arch. Line in which two sur- faces of a body forming an exterior angle meet each other. [L. arista, awn of grain.] ARRIVAL (ar-rl'val), n. 1. Act of arriving 2. One who or that which arrives. ARRIVE (ar-riv), vt. [pr.p. ARRI'VING; p.t. and p.p. ARRIVED' (ar-rivd).] 1. Come to, or reach, a place. 2. Attain any object. 3. Take place; happen; occur. [Fr. arriver; from L. adripo; from ad, to, and ripa, shore.] ARROGANCE (ar'6-gans), n. Undue assump- tion of importance; conceit. ARROGANT (ar'o-gant), a. Overbearing; full of assumption; haughty. SYN. Proud; assuming; presumptuous; swaggering; contemptuous; lordly; imperi- ous; swelling; blustering; domineering; in- solent; rude. ANT. Humble; lowly; meek; modest; unassuming; unpretending; sub- missive. ARROGANTLY (ar'o-gant-li), adv. In an ar- rogant manner. ARROGATE (ar'6-gat), vt. [pr.p. ARROGAT- ING; p.t. and p.p. ARROGATED.] Make undue claims to, from vanity or false pretensions. [From L. arrogatus, p.p. of arrogo; from ad, to, and rogo, ask.] fate, fat, task, fiir, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. ' ARROGATION 67 ARTESIAN WELL Arrowroot {Maranta arundinacea). ARROGATION (ar-ro-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of arrogating. 2. Civ. Law. Adoption of a per- son of full age. ARROPE (ar'6-pe), n. Brown coloring used for wines and spirits. [Sp. arro'pa, undistilled wine must.] ARROW ( ar'6) , n. Straight, slender, pointed weap- on, made to be shot from a bow. [A. S. areew.] ARROW-HEAD (ar'6-hed), n. Bot. Plant of the genus Sagittaria, having arrow-shaped leaves. ARROWROOT (ar'6- rQt), n. 1. West In- dian plant of the Genus Maranta. 2. Nutritive farinaceous substance, made from the roots of this plant. ARROW-WOOD (ar'6- WQd), n. One of sev- eral shrubs with slen- der shoots used by the Indians for making arrows, as Viburnum dentatum or Cornus florida. ARROWY (ar'ro-i), a. Formed or moving like an arrow. ARROYO (ar-roi'yo), n. Small running stream. [Sp. Arroyo, rivulet.] ARSENAL (ar'se-nal), n. Place where naval or military arms and munitions are manufac- tured or stored. [Ar. ddr, accina i ah, workshop. ARSENATE (ar'se-nat), n. Chem. Salt formed by arsenic acid and a base. ARSENIC (ar'se-nik), n. 1. Soft gray-colored metal. 2. White oxide of the metal, which is a virulent poison. [Gr. arsenikon ; from arsen, male, on account of its great strength.] ARSENIC (ar-sen'ik), ARSENICAL (ar-sen'i- kal), a. Pertaining to or containing arsenic, especially in its highest valence. ARSENIOUS (ar-se'ni-us), a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic, especially in its triad valence. ARSENIDE (ar'se-nid), n. Compound of ar- senic in which it is the negative element. ARSIS (ar'sis), n. 1. Pros. Stress of voice; syllable that receives the stress. 2. Music. Upbeat in beating time; unaccented part of a bar. [Gr. arsis; from air 6, raise.] ARSON (ar'sun), n. Willful or malicious burn- ing of another's house or building, or of one's own house or building in order to claim in- surance. [O. Fr.; from L. arsum, supine of ardeo, burn.] ART (art), v. Second person singular present indicative of BE. [A. S. eart.] -ART, suffix. See -ARD. ART (art), n. 1. The skillful adaptation of means to an end; skill; dexterity. 2. System of rules devised for obtaining results, as in arithmetic. 3. The embodiment of beau- tiful thought as in sculpture, painting, poetry, etc. 4. The principles of esthetics as ap- plied to artistic work. 5. One of the branches of learning taught in the academic courses of colleges. — Liberal arts, in ancient Rome, those which only freemen were permitted to pursue; in our times, those appropriate for an enlightened, broad mind, as history, the languages, sciences, etc. — Fine arts, those creating form, and requiring the imagination and skill of an artist. — Useful arts, trades and manufactures, requiring the skill of the artisan. [Fr.; from L. ars, artis, skill.] SYN. Aptitude; dexterity; adroitness; expertness; contrivance; readiness; skill; profession; calling; employment; trade; vocation. ANT. Inaptitude; maladroit- ness; mismanagement. ARTEMIS (ar'te-mis), n. Greek Myth. Greek name of Diana; daughter of Zeus and Leto; she protected mortals from danger and pun- ished evil with her arrows. ARTERIAL (ar-te'ri-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, or contained in, an artery or arteries. 2. Having a main channel and a branching system, like an artery. ARTERIALIZATION (ar-te-ri-al-i-za'shun), n. Process of arterializing. ARTERIALIZE (ar-te'ri-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. AR- TERIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. ARTE'RIAL- IZED.] Convert by oxygenation in the lungs (venous blood, which is very dark-red, almost black), into arterial blood, which is bright scarlet. ARTERIOGRAPHY (ar-te-ri-og'ra-fi), n. De- scription of the arteries. ARTERIOLOGY (ar-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. Science which treats of the arteries. ARTERIOTOMY (ar-te-ri-ot'o-mi), n. 1. An- atomical dissection of the arteries. 2. Oper- ation of making an incision in an artery and drawing blood. ARTERY (ar'ter-i), n. [pi. AR'TERIES.] 1. One of the vessels which convey the blood away from the heart. 2. Important channel, as of commerce. [Gr. arteria, windpipe.] Artesian (ar-te'zhan) WELL. Deep, narrow boring for water, espe- cially when it spouts spontaneously, first made at Artois, France. Arteries in human head. Artesian well. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ARTFUL ARTIFICIALITY ARTFUL (art'fQl), a. 1. Tricky; designing. 2. Done with, or characterized hy, skill. 3. Showing skill; adroit. ARTFULLY (art'fol-i), adv. In an artful man- ner. ARTFULNESS (art'fol-nes), n. Quality of be- ing artful. ARTHRAL (ar'thral), a. Pertaining to a joint or arthron. ARTHRITIC (ar-thrit'ik), ARTHRITICAL (ar- thrit'ik-al), a. Pertaining to arthritis; gouty. ARTHRITIS (ar-thri'tis), n. Pathol. Inflam- mation of a joint or joints; gout. [Gr., from arthron, joint.] ARTHRODIA (ar-thro'di-a), n. Anat. An ar- ticulation formed by flat or nearly flat sur- faces, as that of patella and femur. [Gr. arthron, joint, and eidos, form.l ARTHRODIC (ar-throd'ik), a. Pertaining to arthrodia. ARTHROGASTRA (ar-thro-gas'tra), n.pl. Or- der of Arachnida in which the abdomen is distinctly divided into segments, each with an upper pair of appendages. It includes the scorpions and pseudo-scorpions. [Gr. ar- thron, joint, and gaster, belly.] ARTHROGASTRAN (ar-thro-gas'tran), I. a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Arthro- gastra. II. n. One of the Arthrogastra. ARTHROGRAPHY (ar-throg'ra-fl), n. Anat. Description of the joints. ARTHROLOGY (ar-throl'o-ji), n. That part of anatomical science which treats of the joints. ARTHRON (ar'thron), n. Articulation or joint of any description. ARTHROPOD (ar'thro-pod), I. a. Pertaining to the Arthropoda. II. n. One of the Ar- thropoda. Arthropoda (ar-throp'o-da), n.pl. Zooi. One of the great divisions of the animal kingdom, including the Crustacea, the Arach- nida, and the Insecta, or true insects. [Gr. arthron, joint, and pons, podos, foot.] ARTHROPODAN (ar-throp'o-dan), a. and n. Same as ARTHROPOD. ARTHROSIS (ar-thro'sis), n. Anat. Articulation. [Gr. arthron, joint.] ARTHROZOA (ar-thro- zo'a), n.pl. Zool. Di- vision of the animal kingdom containing the arthropods and other Metazoa next beneath them in the scale of de- velopment. [Gr. arthron, joint, and zoon, animal.] ARTICHOKE (ar'ti-chok), n. 1. Plant resembling a huge thistle, its flower-like head being edible. 2. Jerusalem artichoke, a species of sunflower (Helianthu stuberosus), native of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Canada and upper Mississippi valley, with edible tubers. [It. articiocco.] ARTICLE (ar'ti-kl), n. 1. Any particular com- modity or material substance. 2. Single particular in a statement, treaty, contract, or account. 3. Rrief literary composition; contribution to a periodical. 4. Point of faith. 5. Bot. That part of a stalk or stem which is between two joints. 6. Gram. Limiting ad- jective a, an, or the. — Articles of war, military code. [L. articulus, dim. of artus, joint.] ARTICLE (ar'ti-kl), vt. [pr.p. AR'TICLING; p.U and p.p. ARTICLED (ar'ti-kld).] 1. Draw up or set forth in articles. 2. Accuse by formal articles. 3. Bind by articles. ARTICULAR (ar-tik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to the joints. ArTICULATA (ar-tik-u-la'ta), n.pl. Zool. Division of animals having the body com- posed of movable segments, as worms and arthropods. [L. neut. pi. of articulatus, jointed.] ARTICULATE (ar-tik'u-lat), v. [pr. p. ARTIC- ULATING; p.t. and p.p. ARTICULATED.] I. vt. 1. Connect by means of a joint; joint. 2. Enunciate; pronounce distinctly. II. vi. 1. Unite as by joints. 2. Utter distinctly separated, intelligible sounds; speak. [L. articulatus, p.p. of articulo, divide into joints.] ARTICULATE (ar-tik'u-lat), I. a. 1. Formed with joints; segmented. 2. Distinctly syllabled ; so uttered as to be intelligible. 3. Pertaining to the Articulata. II. n. Zool. One of the Articulata. ARTICULATED (ar-tik'u-la-ted), a. Articulate. ARTICULATELY (ar-tik'u-lat-li), adv. 1. In the form of a joint; after the manner of a joint. 2. In the form of articles; article by article. 3. With distinct enunciation. ARTICULATENESS (ar-tik'u-lat-nes), n. Qual- ity of being articulate. ARTICULATION (ar-tik-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of articulating or state of being articulated; distinct utterance. 2. Act of jointing or state of being jointed. 3. Anat. Form of joint. 4. Bot. Node or joint; part between two nodes. 5. That which is articulated, as an articulate sound, especially a consonant as marking syllabic division. ARTIFICE (ar'ti-fls), n. 1. Crafty device; trick; fraud. 2. Skillful contrivance or work. [L. artificium; from ars, art, and facio, make.] SYN. Craft; cheat; dodge; subterfuge; wile; contrivance; machination. ANT. Ingenuousness; frankness; candor; honesty. ARTIFICER (ar-tif'i-ser), n. Skilled workman; artistic worker; inventor or contriver. ARTIFICIAL (ar-ti-fish'al), a, 1. Made by art. 2. Not natural; fictitious; feigned. ARTIFICIALITY (ar-ti-fish-i-al'i-ti), n. [pi. ARTIFICIALITIES.] 1. That which is arti- ficial. 2. Artificialness. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, xx=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ARTIFICIALLY ASCERTAIN ARTIFICIALLY (ar-ti-fish'al-i), adv. In an artificial manner. ARTIFICIALNESS (ar-ti-fish'al-nes), n. Quality of being artificial. ARTILLERIST (ar-til'er-ist), n. One skilled in artillery; gunner. ARTILLERY (ar-til'er-i), n. 1. Ordnance, such as cannon, mortars, etc. 2. Branch of mili- tary service which uses ordnance. [Fr. artillerie.] ARTILLERYMAN (ar-til'er-i-man), n. [pi. ARTEL'LERYMEN.] One who operates artil- lery; cannoneer; gunner. ARTISAN (ar'ti-zan), n. One skilled in a me- chanic art. ARTIST (art'ist), n. One who practices an art, especially one of the fine arts, as painting, sculpture, architecture. ARTISTE (ar-tesf), n. Expert in any work re- quiring skill and dexterity, as a hair dresser, cook, etc. [Fr.] ARTISTIC (ar-tis'tik), ARTISTICAL (ar-tis'tik- al), a. Pertaining to an art; conforming to art. ARTISTICALLY (ar-tis'tik-al-i), adv. In an artistic manner. ARTLESS (art'les), a. 1. Without guile or craft; ingenuous; childlike. 2. Without skill or taste; inartistic. S YN. Natural ; inartificial ; simple ; frank ; honest; unaffected; candid; ingenuous; undesigning; unsophisticated. ANT. Cun- ning; sharp; designing; crafty; wily; sly. ARUM (a/rum), n. Genus of plants, including the wake-robin and the dragon-root, or jack- in-the-pulpit. [L.] ARUNDINACEQUS (a-run-di-na'shus), a. Re- sembling a reed or cane. [L.] ARUNDINEOTJS (ar-un-din'e-us), a. Bot. 1. Made of reeds. 2. Abounding in reeds. 3. Resembling a reed. [L.] ARUSPEX (a-rus'peks), n. [pi. ARUS'PICES (a-rus'pi-sez).] One who foretells the future by aruspicy. Etruscan or Roman sooth- sayer. [L. Tiaruspex.] ARUSPICE (a-rus'pis), n. Same as ARUSPEX. A.RUSPICY (a-rus'pi-si), n. Pretended divina- tion of future events by inspecting the entrails of animals killed in sacrifice. -ARY, suffix. Denoting: 1. Agent in perform- ing any act or doing any work; as notary; 2. Place for, as library. [L. -arius, -arium.] ARYAN (ar'yan or ar'i-an), I. a. Belonging to the Indo-European family or language, sup- posed to have existed in Central Asia in pre- historic times, and from which the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Slavonic, Teutonic, and Celtic descended. II. n. 1. Indo-European. 2. Original language of the Aryans. AS (az), adv. and conj. To the extent in which; similarly; for example; after the manner or in the idea of; at the time when; while; be- cause; thus. [A. S. eal sivd, just so.] AS (as), n. [pi. AS'SES.] 1. Roman unit in a system of duodecimals. 2. Roman pound = eleven ounces Troy. 3. Roman bronze coin, originally (450 B. C.) of one pound weight, and gradually reduced to half an ounce. [L. as, unit.] ASAFETIDA, ASAFOSTIDA (as-a-fet'i-da), n. Medicinal gum, having an offensive smell, made from a Persian plant called aza. [Pers. aza, and L. fcetidus, fetid.] ASBESTIC (as-bes'tik), a. Pertaining to, re- sembling, or made of, asbestos. ASBESTINE (as-bes'tin), I. a. Made of asbestos; incombustible. I. n. Fibrous variety of talc, used as a pigment. ASBESTOS, ASBESTUS (as-bes'tus), n. Fibrous, non-combustible mineral resembling flax in appearance. [Gr. a priv. and soestos, extin- guished.] AsCALAPHUS (as-kal'a-fus), n. Greek Myth. Son of Acheron and Nox; turned into an owl by Ceres. AsCANIUS (as-ka'ni-us), n. Boman Myth. Son of ^Eneas, and supposed original ancestor of the Julia gens. ASCEND (as-send'), v. [pr.p. ASCEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASCEND'ED.] I. vt. Climb or go up on; go to the top of; mount. II. vi. 1. Move upward; rise. 2. Slope upward. [L. ascendo; from ad, to, and scando, climb.] SYN. Uprise; mount; climb; clamber; surmount; aspire; soar; bound. ANT. De- scend; fall; sink; drop; dismount; alight. ASCENDABLE (as-send'a-bl), a. Capable of being ascended. ASCENDANCE (as-send'ans), ASCENDANCY (as-send'an-si), n. Controlling influence. ASCENDANT (as-send'ant), ASCENDENT (as- send'ent), I. a. 1. 3Ioving up in space; rising; 2. Superior; predominant. II. n. 1. Astrol. That point of the ecliptic or that sign of the zodiac which at the time in question is at the eastern horizon; the horoscope. 2. Arch. One of the two vertical members of the chambranle of a door or window. 3. Ancestor. ASCENDENCY (as-send'en-si), n. Same as AS- CENDANCE, ASCENDANCY. SYN. Supremacy; control; command; authority; domination; sway; mastery; influence. ANT. Subordination; slavery; subjection. ASCENDIBLE (as-send'i-bl), a. Ascendable. ASCENSION (as-sen'shun), n. 1. Act of rising. 2. [A-] Christ's visible ascent to heaven forty days after his resurrection. 3. That which rises, as vapor. — Ascension day, 40th day after Easter. ASCENSIONAL (as-sen'shun-al), a. Pertaining to ascension. ASCENT (as-sent'), n. 1. Act of climbing or rising upward. 2. Path or method of ascend- ing; slope; acclivity. 3. Degree of elevation or acclivity. 4. High place, hill. ASCERTAIN (as-s6r-tan'), vt. [pr.p. ASCEB- iJtte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ASCERTAINABLE 70 ASLEEP TAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASCERTAINED (as-ser-tand).] Obtain certain knowledge of; determine. ASCERTAINABLE (as-ser-tan'a-bl), a. Capable of being found out or determined. [L. ad, to, and certus, sure.] ASCETIC (as-set'ik), I. o. Exclusively rigid; austere; recluse. II. n. One rigidly self- denying in religious observances; recluse. [Gr. asked, exercise.] ASCETICISM (as-set'i-sizm), ». Conduct or belief of an ascetic. ASCIANS (as'si-anz), n.pl. Inhabitants of the torrid zone, who at midday of one or two days in the year cast no shadow, the sun being directly overhead. [L. ascii; from Gr. askioi, pi. of askios, without shadow; from a priv. and skia, shadow.] AsCIDIA (as-sid'i-a), n.pl. Zool. Order of acephalous mollusks; the sea-squirts. [Gr. askos, leathern bottle.] ASCIDIAN (as-sid'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to the Ascidia. II. n. One of the Ascidia; sea-squirt. ASCIDIUM (as-sid'i-um), n. [pi. ASCIDIA.] Bot. Modified leaf, forming a pitcher-like receptacle, which contains a watery secretion, into which insects are lured and drowned. [Gr. askidion, dim. of askos, bottle or pouch.] ASCITES (as-si'tez), n. Pathol. Abdominal dropsy. [Gr. askites; askos, bottle.] ASCITIC (as-sit'ik),ASCITICAL (as-sit'i-kal), a. Pertaining to ascites; dropsical. ASCRIBABLE (as-kri'ba-bl), a. That may be ascribed. ASCRIBE (as-krib'), vt. [pr.p. ASCRI'BING; p.t. and p.p. ASCRIBED (as-kribd').] Attribute; Impute; assign. [L. ascribo; ad, to, and scribo, write.] SYN. Attribute; impute; charge; assign; connect; ANT. Separate; dissociate; sun- der. ASCRIPTION (as-krip'shun), n. 1. Act of ascribing. 2. That which is ascribed. ASEPSIS (a-sep'sis), n. Pathol. State of being free from septic or blood-poisoning conditions or causes; absence of pathogenic bacteria. [Gr. a priv. and sepsis, putrefaction.] ASEPTIC (a-sep'tik), a. Free from or excluding pathogenic bacteria; not liable to putrefac- tion. [A- (not) and SEPTIC] ASEPTICISM (a-sep'ti-sizm), n. Treatment of wounds, etc., with] aseptic or antiseptic solutions. ASEPTICIZE (a-sep'ti-siz), vt. [pr.p. ASCEP'- TICIZING; p.t. and p.p. ASEPTICIZED (a-sep'ti-sizd).] Treat with an aseptic; cause to become aseptic. ASEXUAL (a-seks'u-al), a. Bot. Without stamina and pistils. [A- (not) and SEXUAL.] ASGARD (as'gard), n. Norse Myth. The world of the gods, Valhalla being one of its regions; situated in the center of the universe and reached by the bridge Bifrost (rainbow). Ashanti. ASH (ash), n. Well-known timber tree or its wood. [A. S. o3sc.~\ ASH (ash), n. Singular of ashes, much used in chemistry. ASHAMED (a-shamdO, a. Affected with shame. ASHANTI, AsHANTEE(a- shan'te), n. 1. British de- pendency in West Africa. 2. Native of Ashanti. ASHERY (ash'er-i), n. 1. [pi. ASH'ERIES.] 1. Place for ashes; ash-bin. 2. Place where potash or pearlash is manufactured. ASHES (ash'ez), n.pl. 1. Dust or remains of any- thing burnt. 2. Remains of the dead; dead body; perished hopes; humiliation. [A. S. asce.] ASHINE (a-shin'), a. Shining; radiant; bright. ASHLAR (ash'lar), ASHLER (ash'ler), n. Ma- sonry. 1. Freestone from the quarry. 2. Squared stone for building. — Nigged ashlar, stone hewn with a pick instead of with a chisel. [L. axilla, armpit.] ASHORE (a-shor'), adv. On shore; to the shore. AsHTORETH(ash'to-reth), n. Bib. Canaanite god of love; counterpart of Baal. Ash Wednesday. First day of Lent. ASHY (ash'i), a. Pertaining to, composed of, or like ashes; ash-colored; pale. ASIA (a/shi-a), n. Largest continent in world; in eastern hemisphere. Area 17,000,000 sq. m. AsiAN (a'shan), a. Pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. ASIATIC (a-shi-at'ik), I. a. Pertaining or be- longing to Asia. II. n. Native of Asia. ASIDE (a-sid'), I. adv. 1. On or to one side; apart; away; off. 2. Privately. II. n. Some- thing said or done aside or privately. ASININE (as'i-nin or as'i-nin), a. Of or like an ass; obstinate; stupid. ASK (ask), v. [pr.p. ASK'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASKED (askt).] I. vt. 1. Request; solicit; beg. 2. Inquire of or concerning. 3. Re- quire; demand. 4. Invite. II. vi. 1. Make inquiry. 2. Make request. [A. S. ascian, ask.] SYN. Adjure; entreat; beseech; crave; supplicate; implore; question; interrogate; claim; demand; pray; petition. ANT. Exact; extort; insist. ASKANCE (a-skans'), ASKANT (a-skanf), adv. sideways; with disdain or suspicion. ASKER (ask'er), n. 1. Interrogates inquirer. 2. Petitioner. ASKEW (a-sku'), adv. On the skew; awry; asquint. ASLANT (a-slanf), a. and adv. On the slant; obliquely. ASLEEP (a-slep'), a. and adv. 1. In sleep; sleeping. 2. Having a peculiar numb or prickly feeling. late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, abov«; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute hut. burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc, in Scotch loch. ASLOPE 71 ASPIRE Asp (Vipera aspis). ASLOPE (a-slop')» a. and adv. On the slope; in a sloping or leaning attitude. ASMODEUS (as-mo-de'us), n. Heb. Myth. Evil spirit of vanity; king of devils; destroyer of domestic happiness. ASP (asp), n. Same as ASPEN, n. ASP (asp), n. 1. Small venomous ser- pent of Egypt. 2. Common asp of Europe. 3. Figuratively, any venomous serpent. [L., Gr. aspis y viper.] Asparagus (as-par'- a-gus), n. 1. Genus of plants of the lilywort order. 2. [a-] Plant of this genus, espe- cially Asparagus offi- cinalis, the tender shoots of which are edible. [L.; Gr. asparagos.] ASPECT (as'pekt), n. 1. Appearance; look; mien. 2. View; phase. 3. Position as re- gards point of view or points of the compass. 4. Astrol. Position of one planet as regards another. [L. ad, to, and specio, look.l ASPEN (as'pen), I. a. Pertaining to or like the aspen; shaking; tremulous. II. n. Species of poplar, remarkable for its trembling leaves. [A. S. o3sp.~\ ASPER (as'per), n. Gr. Gram. Sign ('), called spiritus asper, or rough breathing, preceding words beginning with a vowel or an r, and pronounced as h. [L. asper, rough.] ASPERATE (as'per-at), vt. [pr.p. ASPERATING; p.t. and p.p. ASPERATED.] Make rough; sound roughly. [L. aspero, make rough.] ASPERITY (as-per'i-ti), n. [pi. ASPERITIES.] 1. Roughness of temper; moroseness; crab- bedness. 2. Harshness of sound. 3. That which is harsh or grating. 4. Tartness; sourness. [L. asperitas; asper, rough.] ASPERMOUS (as-per'mus), ASPERMATOUS (as-per'ma-tus), a. Bot. Without seed. [Gr. a priv. and sperma, seed.] ASPERSE (as-pers'), vt. [pr.p. ASPER'SING; p.t. and p.p. ASPERSED (as-perst').] 1. Defame; spread evil reports concerning; ca- lumniate. 2. Respatter or besprinkle. [L. ad, to, and spargo, sprinkle.] SYN. Defame; traduce; disparage; malign; slander; libel; revile; vilify. ANT. Praise; extol; laud; eulogize; defend. ASPERSION (as-per'shun), n. 1. Slanderous reflection; calumny; defamation; vilification. 2. Act of sprinkling, or state of being sprin- kled. ASPERSIVE (as-per'siv), a. Involving asper- sions; containing aspersions; calculated to asperse; slanderous. ASPHALT (as'falt), ASPHALTITM (as-fal'tum), I. n. A native bitumen of composition used for paving, roofing, flooring, etc. II. a. Per- taining to asphalt; consisting of or containing asphalt. [Gr. asphaltos.] ASPHALT (as-falf), vt. [pr.p. ASPHAL'TING; p.t. and p.p. ASPHAL'TED.] Cover or treat with asphalt. ASPHALTIC (as-fal'tik), a. Pertaining to as- phalt; consisting of asphalt; containing as- phalt. ASPHODEL (as'fo-del), n. Plant of the genus Asphodelus; day-lily; king's-spear. [L. as- phodelus; Gr. asphodelos.] ASPHODELUS (as-fod'e-lus), n. Bot. Genus of plants belonging to the lily family; the asphodels. [L.] ASPHYXIA (as-fiks'i-a), ASPHYXY (as-flks'i), n. Pathol. Suspended animation; suspension of respiration, as in drowning or from gases, etc. [Gr. asphyxia ; a priv. and sphyzo, throb.] ASPHYXIATE (as-fiks'i-at), vt. [pr.p. ASPHYX- IATING; p.t. and p.p. ASPHYXIATED.] Cause asphyxiation; suffocate. ASPHYXIATION (as-flks-i-a'shun), n. Act of producing asphyxia; state of being asphyxi- ated; suffocation. ASPHYXY (as-flks'i), n. Same as ASPHYXIA. ASPIC (as'pik), n. Bot. French name of the Lavendula spica, the plant which yields the oil of spike. [Fr. aspic, asp.] ASPIC (as'pik), n. Savory jelly containing chopped meat or eggs. [Fr.] ASPIRANT (as-pir'ant), I. a. Aspiring. II. n. One who aspires; candidate. ASPIRATE (as'pi-rat), vt. [pr.p. AS'PIRA- TING; p.t. and p.p. ASPIRATED.] 1. Pro- nounce with a full breath, so as to prefix the sound of h to the vowel aspirated. 2. Mark with an asper. 3. Draw out by aspiration or suction. [L. aspiratus, p.p. of aspiro, to breathe; from ad, to, and spiro, breathe.] ASPIRATE (as'pi-rat), I. n. 1. Letter h, or its aspirated sound. 2. 3Iark of aspiration; asper. II. a. Pronounced with an aspirated or h sound. ASPIRATED (as'pi-ra-ted), a. Same as ASPI- RATE, a. ASPIRATION (as-pi-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of as- piring. 2. Inspiration; sigh. 3. That to which one aspires. 4. Act of aspirating. SYN. Ambition; emulation; aim; goal. ANT. Indifference; humility; contentment. ASPIRATOR (as'pi-ra-tur), n. 1. Chem. Apparatus for pro- ducing a suction current of air or gas. 2. Surg. Ex- plorative instrument for drawing off the fluid con- tents of tumors, etc. ASPIRATORY (as-pi'ra-to-ri), a. Pertaining to aspiration or breathing. ASPIRE (as-pir'), vi. [pr.p. ASPIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASPIRED (as-pird').] 1. Aim at rising to some high object of attainment; have Aspirator. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ASPIRER 72 ASSENT an earnest desire for something great, so- cially, politically, intellectually, morally, or spiritually. 2. Rise higher; tower. [L. aspiro; from ad, to, and spiro, breathe.] ASPIRER (as-pir'er), w. One who aspires. ASPIRING (as-pir'ing), a. 1. Ambitious. 2. Towering. 3. Acting by suction. ASQUINT (a-skwinf), adv. With the eye di- rected to one side, obliquely, not in the direct line of vision. ASS (as), n. 1. Quadruped of the equine genus, distinguished from the most nearly allied animals by its long ears, the tuft at the end of the tail, and the black stripe on the shoulders. 2. Dull stupid fellow; dolt. [A. S. assa.] ASSAGAI (as'a-gi), ASSEGAY (as'e-gi), n. Missile weapon, like a jave- lin, made of hard wood tipped with iron. It is used for either throwing or thrusting by the Kaffirs, Zulus, and other South African tribes in war. [Pg. azagaia.] ASSAI (as-sa'e), adv. Music. Very; as, largo assai, very slow; presto assai, very quick. [It.]. ASSAIL (as-sal'), vt. [pr.p. ASSAII/ING; p.t. and p.p. ASSAILED (as-sald').] 1. Attack in a hostile manner; assault. 2. Attack by word or writing; censure. 3. Attack morally, as by using means to swerve one from rectitude or duty. 4. Strike against or fall upon rudely; as, assail the ears with a deafening noise. [L. ad, to, and salio, rush.] ASSAILABLE (as-sal'a-bl), a. That may be assailed. ASSAILANT (as-sal'ant), I. a. Attacking; as- saulting. II. n. One who assails. ASSAPAN (as-a-pan'), n. Flying squirrel. [Am. Ind.] ASSASSIN (as-sas'in), n. One who murders by secret or sudden assault; one who kills by surprise, or attempts to do so. [Fr.; from Ar. Hashshashin, a sect of fanatics who forti- fied themselves to deeds of murder with hashish.] ASSASSINATE (as-sas'i-nat), v. [pr.p. ASSASSI- NATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSAS'SINATED.] I. vt. Murder by secret or sudden assault; kill by surprise. II. vi. Commit violent, secret, or cowardly murder. ASSASSINATION (as-sas-i-na/shun), w. Act of assass'nating; murder by violent, secret or cowardly means. ASSASSINATOR (as-sas'i-na-tur), n. Assassin. ASSAULT (as-salf), vt. [pr.p. ASSAULTING; p.t. and p.p. ASSAULTED.] 1. Make a hostile attack upon with material weapon or weapons. 2. Attack by writing against; or by calumnia- ting in any way; assail. 3. Do to that which is intended to injure; threaten with injury. [L.L. assalto; from L. ad, to, and salio, leap.] SYN. Attack; assail; charge; buffet; beat. ANT. Defend; shield; guard; protect. ASSAULT (as-salf), n. 1. Attack, physical or verbal. 2. Mil. An attack by storm. ASSAULT ABLE (as-salt'a-bl), a. Capable of being taken by assault; assailable. ASSAULTER (as-salt'er), n. One who makes an assault; assailant. ASSAY (as-sa/), v. [pr.p. ASSAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASSAYED (as-sad').] I. vt. Test by an assay. 2. Attempt (anything) ; try the prac- ticability of by the test of experience. 3. Metal. Determine the amount of a particular metal in an ore, alloy, etc.; subject to an assay. II. vi. Show as a result of assaying. [O. Fr. assay er; from L.L. exagium; from L. exigo, prove.] ASSAY (as-sa'), n. 1. Determination of what percentage of a metal, especially a precious one, is in any particular ore or alloy. 2. The ore or alloy thus tested or assayed. ASSAYER (as-sa'er), n. One who assays; officer of the mint, whose function it is to test the purity of the precious metals used for coin. ASSEMBLAGE (as-sem'blaj), n. 1. Act of as- sembling or fitting. 2. Collection of persons or things. ASSEMBLE (as-sem'bl), v. [pr.p. ASSEM'BLING; p.t. and p.p. ASSEMBLED (as-sem'bld).] I. vt. 1. Call or bring together; collect; convene. 2. Fit together. II. vi. Meet; congregate. [Fr. assembler ; from L. ad, to, and similis, similar, like.] ASSEMBLY (as-sem'bli), n. [pi. ASSEM'BLIES.] 1. Collection of individuals in the same place for a purpose. 2. Mil. Signal, such as the beating of a drum, or call upon the bugle, summoning troops to form ranks. — General Assembly. 1. Congress of the United States, or the legisla- ture of a state. 2. Supreme ecclesiastical court of the Presbyterians. SYN. Assemblage; meeting; congrega- tion; collection; company; group; con- gress; convention; convocation; conclave; synod; caucus. ANT. Dispersion; dissipa- tion; disunion; disruption. ASSEMBLYMAN (as-sem'bli-man), n. [pi. AS- SEM'BLYMEN.] Member of a General As- sembly. ASSENT (as-sent'), vi. [pr.p. ASSENT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASSENT'ED.] 1. Admit (a state- ment, proposition, or opinion), to be true. 2. Consent (to a proposal affecting one's inter- ests). [L. as (ad), to, and sentio, feel.) SYN. Acquiesce; concur; agree; approve; accept; comply; consent. ANT. Dissent; disagree; differ; question; refuse; deny; object; demur; protest; secede. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, U=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ASSENT 73 ASSIMILATION ASSENT (as-sent'), n. 1. Act of admitting the truth of any statement, opinion, etc. 2. Ac- cord; agreement. 3. Consent; approval; sanction. ASSENTATION (as-sen-ta'shun), n. Hypocrit- ical assent; pretended concurrence. ASSENTER (as-sent'er), n. One who assents to anything. ASSENTIENT (as-sen'shent), I. a. Assenting to. II. n. One who assents to. ASSENTINGLY (as-sent'ing-li), adv. In such a manner as to express or imply assent. ASSERT (as-serf), vt. pr.p. ASSERT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASSEKT'ED.] 1. Affirm; declare positively; aver. 2. Maintain or vindicate by actions or words, as one's claim or title to. PL. assertus; from ad, to, and sero, join or bind together.] SYN. Declare; affirm; allege; aver; as- severate; avow; avouch; defend; profess; protest; claim. ANT. Deny; contradict; controvert; waive; abandon; contravene; repudiate; oppose; retract. ASSERTER (as-sert'er), ASSERTOR (as-serf- ur), n. One who asserts. ASSERTION (as-ser'shun), n. 1. Positive dec- laration; affirmation. 2. Statement unsup- ported by facts. 3. Maintenance of (one's right, title, etc.). ASSERTIVE (as-sert'iv), a. With strong as- sertion; dogmatical; peremptory. ASSERTOR (as-sert'ur), n. Asserter. ASSERTORY (as-sert'o-ri), a. Involving an assertion; designed to support an assertion. ASSESS (as-ses'), v.t. [pr.p. ASSESSING; p.t. and p.p. ASSESSED (as-sest').] 1. Fix by authority the portion of (a tax which is to be paid). 2. Charge with any sum as a due or share. 3. Estimate the value of, as in case of property condemned for public use. 4. Law. Fix the amount of (damages, costs, etc.), in a law case. [L. assideo; from ad, to, and sedeo, sit.] ASSESSABLE (as-ses'a-bl), a. Subject to assess- ment. ASSESSMENT (as-ses'ment), w. 1. Act of assess- ing. 2. Sum assessed. ASSESSOR (as-ses'ur), n. Public official whose duty is to assess people or property for the purpose of taxation. ASSESSORIAL (as-ses-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to an assessor. ASSET (as'et), n. Article or item included in one's assets. ASSETS (as'ets), n.pl. Available property, as for the payment of debts, etc. [Fr. assez, enough.] ASSEVERATE (as-sev'er-at), vt. [pr.p. ASSEV- ERATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSEVERATED.] Declare seriously or solemnly. [L. assevera- tus, p.p. of assevero; from ad, to, and severus, serious.] ASSEVERATION (as-sev-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of asseverating, or positively asserting any- thing. 2. Positive affirmation or assertion. ASSIBILATE (as-sib'i-lat), vt. [pr.p. ASSIB'- ILATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSIB'ILATED.] 1. Utter with a sibilant sound. 2. Change into a sibilant. ASSIDUITY (as-si-du'i-ti), n. Constant or close application; persistency. ASSIDUOUS (as-sid'u-us), a. Constant in ap- plication; diligent. [L. ad, to, and sedeo, sit.] SYN. Sedulous; unwearied; persevering; indefatigable; zealous; persistent; industri- ous; attentive; laborious; constant; unre- mitting. ANT. Indolent; supine; listless; idle; sluggish; slothful; careless; incon- stant; broken; interrupted. ASSIDUOUSLY (as-sid'u-us-li), adv. Diligently. ASSIDUOUSNESS (as-sid'u-us-nes), n. Quality of being assiduous; assiduity. ASSIGN (as-sin') v. [pr.p. ASSIGNING; p.t. and p.p. ASSIGNED (as-sind').] I. vt. 1. Allot; apportion. 2. Fix; specify; designate; appoint. 3. Allege; point out. 4. Transfer. II. vi. 3Iake an assignment. [L. assigno; from ad, to, and signum, mark.] ASSIGN (as-sin')» n. Person to whom the property or interest of another is or may be transferred or assigned. ASSIGNABILITY (as-sin-a-bil'i-ti), n. Capa- bility of being assigned. ASSIGNABLE (as-sin'a-bl), a. That may be assigned. ASSIGNAT (as'sig-nat or a-se-nya'), n. Paper currency issued by the French revolutionary government (1789-'96), for the security of which public lands were assigned; hence the name. ASSIGNATION (as-sig-na'shun), n. 1. Act of assigning. 2. Appointment to meet. 3. As- signment. ASSIGNEE (as-in-e'), n. One to whom a right or property is assigned. — Assignees in bank- ruptcy, persons to whom a bankrupt's es- tate is assigned for the benefit of creditors. ASSIGNER (as-sin'er), n. Assignor. ASSIGNMENT (as-sin'ment), n. 1. Act of as- signing. 2. Thing assigned. 3. Writing by which something is assigned. ASSIGNOR (as-in-ar'), n. One who assigns; assigner. ASSIMILABLE (as-sim'i-la-bl), a. That may be assimilated. ASSIMILATE (as-sim'i-lat), v. [pr.p. ASSIMI- LATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSIMILATED.] I. vt. 1. Bring to a likeness. 2. Convert into a like organic substance. II. vi. 1. Become similar. 2. Be converted into the substance of an animal or plant. [L. assimilatus, p.p. of assimilo, make like; from ad, to, and similis, like.] SYN. Imitate; copy; resemble; simu- late. ANT. Vary; modify; diversify; change. ASSI3IILATION (as-sim-i-la'shun), n. 1. Act fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=»^. shun), n. 1. Act or pow- er of attracting. 2. State "* » of being attracted. 3. That which attracts; attract- ive qualities. ATTRACTIVE (at-trakf- Magnetic attraction. iv),a. Having the quality or power of attracting; alluring; enticing. ATTRACTIVELY (at-trakf iv-li), adv. In an attractive manner. ATTRACTIVENEESS (at-trakf iv-nes), n. Qual- ity of being attractive. ATTRACTOR, n. Same as ATTRACTER. ATTRAHENT (af ra-hent), I. a. Drawing to or toward. II. n. That which draws to or to- ward. [L. attrahens, pr.p. of attraho, draw to.] ATTRIBUTABLE (at-trib'u-ta-bl), a. That may be attributed, ascribed, or imputed to. ATTRIBUTE (at-trib'ut), vt. [pr.p. ATTRIB'- UTING; p.t. and p.p. ATTRIBUTED.] Ascribe, impute, assign, as belonging to, caused fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ATTRIBUTE 81 AUGEAN by, or owing to. [L. attributus, p.p. of attribuo ; from ad, to, and tribuo, give.] SYN. Impute; charge. ANT. Acquit; excuse; clear. ATTRIBUTE (at'ri-but), n. 1. That which is attributed. 2. That which is inherent in. 3. That which can be predicated of anything. 4. Quality or property. ATTRIBUTION (at-tri-bu'shun), n. Act of attributing; that which is attributed. ATTRIBUTIVE (at-trib'u-tiv), I. a. Expressing an attribute. II. n. Word denoting an attri- bute, as an adjective. ATTRIBUTIVELY (at-trib'u-tiv-li), adv. In an attributive manner. ATTRITE (at-trif), a. 1. Worn by rubbing or friction. / 2. Theol. Penitent only through fear of punishment. [L. attritus, p.p. of attero ; from ad, to, and tero, rub.] ATTRITION (at-trish'un), n. 1. Rubbing of one thing against another; wearing down by friction. 2. State of being rubbed or worn away. 3. Sorrow for sin through fear of punishment. ATTUNE (at-tun'), vt. [pr.p. ATTU'NING; p.t. and p.p. ATTUNED (at-tund').] 1. Put in tune; render one musical instrument or sound accordant with another. 2. Bring into agree- ment or harmony; adjust. [AT- (to) and TUNE.] AUBADE (6-bad'), n. Morning music. [Fr.] AUBERGE (6-berj' or 6-barzh'), n. Place of entertainment for travelers ; tavern; inn. [Fr.] AUBURN (a'biirn), a. Reddish brown. [O. Fr. auborne.] AUCTION (ak'shun), n. Public sale of anything to the highest bidder. [L. audio, auctionis; from augeo, increase.] AUCTION (ak'shun), vt. [pr.p. AUCTIONING; p.t. and p.p. AUCTIONED (ak'shund).] Sell by auction, usually expressed "sell at auc- tion." AUCTIONEER (ak-shun-er'), n. One whose occupation it is to conduct sales by auction. AUCTIONEER (ak-shun-er'), vt. [pr.p. AUC- TIONEERING; p.t. and p.p. AUCTION- EERED (ak-shun-erd').] Dispose of by auc- tion; sell at auction. AUDACIOUS (a-da'shus), a. Daring; impu- dent; bold; with contempt of law. [L. audeo, dare.] AUDACIOUSLY (a-da'shus-li), adv. In an au- dacious manner. AUDACIOUSNESS (a-da'shus-nes), n. Quality of being audacious. AUDACITY (a-das'i-ti), n. Boldness; impu- dence; effrontery; daring. SYN. Defiance; fearlessness; nerve; pluck; rashness; temerity; precipitation. [See COURAGE.] ANT. Cowardice; timid- ity; fearfulness; pusillanimity; caution. AUDIBILITY (a-di-bil'i-ti), n. Capability of being heard. Audiphone. [L. auditus; AUDIBLE (a'di-bl), a. Loud enough to be heard. [L. audio, hear.] AUDIBLY (a'di-bli), adv. In an audible man- ner; aloud. AUDIENCE (a'di-ens), n. 1. Act of hearing. 2. Admittance to a hearing; formal interview. 3. Auditory; assembly of hearers. AUDIENT (a'di-ent), a. Listening; hearing. AUDIENTIAL (a-di-en'shal), a. Pertaining to an audience. AUDIOMETER (a-di-om'e-ter), n. Device used to test and ascertain hearing power, as well as for measuring the volume of sound. AUDION (a'di-on), n. In wireless telegraphy, a vacuum tube that serves as valve, sounder and relay. AUDIPHONE (a'di-fon), n. De- vice for aiding the deaf to hear by conveyance of sound through the teeth to the audi- tory nerve; especially a rub- ber fan-like appliance to be placed between the teeth. [L. audio, hear, and Gr. phone, sound.] AUDIT (a'dit), n. 1. Examina- tion and verification of ac- counts by a person or persons duly authorized. 2. Account as thus tested and verified, from audio, hear.] AUDIT (a'dit), vt. [pr.p. AU'DITING; p.t. and p.p. AU'DITED.] Examine and verify or ad- just, as accounts. AUDITION (a-dish'un), n. Hearing; something heard. AUDITIVE (a'di-tiv), a. Having power of hear- ing; auditory. AUDITOR (a'di-tur), n. 1. One who audits ac- counts; specifically, a national or state officer whose duty it is to audit accounts of the nation or state. 2. Hearer; one of an audience. AUDITORIUM (a-di-to'ri-um), n. [pi. AUDI- TO'RIUMS or AUDITO'RIA.] 1. Room or space intended for an audience. 2. Building designed for the accommodation of a large audience. AUDITORSHIP (a'di-tur-ship), n. Office, func- tions, or term of office of an auditor. AUDITORY (a'di-to-ri), I. a. Pertaining to the sense of hearing or to an audience room. II. n. [pi. AU'DITORIES.] 1. Audience room. 2. Audience. AUDITRESS (a'di-tres), n. Female hearer. AU FAIT (6-fa'). Thoroughly informed; skilled; expert. [Fr., lit., to the act or fact.] AUGEAN (a-je'an), a. 1. Pertaining to Augeas, one of the fabled Argonauts, king of Elis, whose stables, containing 3,000 oxen, had not been cleaned for 30 years, till Hercules swept them clean by turning the river Alpheus into them. 2. Pertaining to any filthy and arduous undertaking. fate, fat, task, tar, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. AUGEAS 82 AUREOLE AUG E AS (a'je-as), n. Greek Myth. A king of Ells, the owner of the stable which Hercules cleansed after 3,000 oxen had been kept in it for 30 years; cleansed by running the river Alpheus through it. AUGER (a'gSr), n. 1. Carpenter's tool used for boring holes in wood. 2. Similar but longer tool for boring in the earth. [From A. S. nafu, nave, and gar, borer.] AUGHT (at), I. n. and pron. Ought; anything. II, adv. In any way; at all. [A. S. a, ever, and whit, thing.] AUGITE (a'jit), n. Mineral of a black or green- ish-black color, found in volcanic rocks. [Gr. auge, luster.] AUGITIC (a-jit'ik), a. Pertaining to, resembling or composed of augite. AUGMENT (ag-menf), v. [pr.p. AUGMENT- ING; p.t. and p.p. AUGMENTED.] I. vt. Increase; enlarge; intensify. II. vi. Grow larger; become more intense; rise in degree. [L.L. augmento, from L. augmentum. See AUGMENT, n.] AUGMENT (ag'ment), n. 1. Increase, or that by which anything is increased. 2. Gram. Syllable prefixed to a word; in Greek Gram- mar, a prefix to the past tenses, intended to distinguish them from other tenses. [L. augmentum; from augeo, increase.] SYN. Enlargement; growth; swell; spread; extension. ANT. Decrease; reduc- tion; abatement; shrinkage. AUGMENTABLE (ag-ment'a-bl), a. Capable of augmentation or increase. AUGMENTATION (ag-men-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of augmenting; increase; enlargement; ad- dition; intensification. 2. State of being aug- mented. 3. Part added. 4. Pathol. State of a disease in which the symptoms go on in- creasing. AUGMENTATIVE (ag-men'ta-tiv), I. a. Hav- ing the quality or power of augmenting. II. n. Gram. Derivative word denoting an augmentation or increase of that which is expressed by its primitive. AUGMENTER (ag-men'ter), n. One who in- creases or augments. AUGUR (a'gur), n. One who professes to fore- tell future events by omens; soothsayer; diviner. [L.; from avis, bird, and garrio, talk.] AUGUR (a'gur), v. [pr.p. AU'GURING; p.t. and p.p. AUGURED (a'gurd).] I. vt. 1. Prognosticate; divine. 2. Forebode; por- tend; presage. II. vi. Form auguries, prognostications, or predictions regarding future events; conjecture. SYN. Betoken; foretell; divine; fore- show; predict; prophesy. ANT. Assure; demonstrate; calculate; determine. AUGURAL (a'gu-ral), a. 1. Pertaining to au- gury or augurs. 2. Ominous. AUGURIAL (a-gu'ri-al), a. Same as AUGURAL. Auk (Alca impennis). AUGURY (a'gu-ri), n. [pi. AUGURIES.] 1. Divination. 2. Omen; that which is augured; prognostication. 3. Presage; portent. AUGUST (a-gusf), a. 1. Inspiring reverence or admiration. 2. Eminent; venerable. [L. august us; from augeo, increase, honor.] SYN. Majestic; magnificent; imposing; stately; grand; dignified; awful. ANT. Base; despicable; mean; common; con- temptible; commonplace; ordinary. AUGUST (a'gust), n. Eighth month of the year, so called in honor of Caisar Augustus; the first Roman emperor. AUK (ak), n. Web-foot- ed sea-bird, found in northern seas. [Ice. alka.] AULIC (a'lik), I. a. Of or pertaining to a royal court. II. n. Ceremony observed in some European uni- versities when one re- ceives the degree of Doctor of Divinity. — Aulic Council. 1. In the old German empire, the personal council of the emperor. 2. Council at Vienna for the management of the military affairs of Austria. AUNT (ant), n. 1. Sister of one's father or mother. 2. Wife of one's uncle. [L. amita, father's sister.] AUNTIE, AUNTY (ant'i), n. 1. Familiar name for an aunt. 2. Old negress. AURA (a'ra), n. 1. Any subtle, invisible fluid, gaseous, or other material emanating from a body; aroma of flowers. 2. Pathol. Sensa- tion of a light vapor, which, in some diseases, appears to emanate from the body and rise toward the head, usually followed by a fit of epilepsy. [L. ; from Gr. aura, breeze.] AURAL (a'ral), a. Pertaining to the ear or to the sense of hearing. [L. auris, ear.] AURATE (a'rat), AURATED (ara-ted), a. Hav- ing ears. [L. auris, ear.] AURATE (a'rat), n. Chem. A salt of auric acid. [L. aurum, gold.] AUREATE (a're-at), a. Golden; gilded. [L. L. aureatus; from aurum, gold.] AURELIA (a-re'li-a), n. Chrysalis; pupa. [L. aurelia, pupa of a golden color, from aurum, gold.] AUREOLA (a-re'ol-a), n. Art. Representation of luminous rays surrounding a person, in- tended to denote an effulgence of the Divine presence. It differs from a nimbus in the fact that it envelops the whole body while the nimbus is limited to the head. [L. aureolus, golden, from aurum, gold.] AUREOLE (a're-61), n. Astron. Luminous circle round the sun or other celestial body; corona; halo. [Fr. aureole; from L. aureolus; from aurum, gold.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. AUREUS 83 AUSTRIAN AUREUS (a're-us), n . [pi. AUREI (a're-I).] First gold coin of Rome = S4. to $6., coined 207 B. C. [L., from aurum, gold.] AURIC (a'rik), a. 1. Having more or less gold in its composition. 2. Chem. Containing gold combined in its highest or triad valency. [See AUROUS.] AURICLE (a'ri-kl), n. Anat. 1. Either of the two cavities or chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and transmit it to a ventricle. So called from its ear-like appearance. 2. External ear; pinna. [L. auricula, dim. of auris, ear.] AURICULA (a-rik'u-la), n. [pi. AURICULA.] Bot. Primrose or bear's-ear (Primula Auric- ula). AURICULAR (a-rik'u-lar), a. 1. Pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; confided to the ear; known by hearsay. 2. Pertaining to the auricles of the heart. AURICULARLY (a-rik'u-lar-li), adv. By means of whispering in the ear; secretly. AURICULATE (a-rik'u-lat), AURICULATED (a-rik'u-la-ted), a. Eared; having ear-shaped appendages; like an ear; auriform. AURIFEROUS (a-rif'er-us), a. Containing or yielding gold. [L. aurum, gold, and fero, bear.] AURIFORM (a'ri-farm), a. Formed like an ear, especially the external human ear. AURISCOPE (a'ri-skop), n. Instrument for examining the ear. [L. auris, ear, and -SCOPE.] AURIST (a'rist), n. One skilled in the treat- ment of disorders of the ear. AUROCHS (a'roks), n. Species of bison (Bison bonasus), now found only in Lithuania. AURORA (a-ro'ra), n. 1. Bom. Myth. Goddess of dawn. 2. [a-] Rising roseate light of early morning; dawn. 3. [a-] Extraordinary luminous appearance of the night sky some- times seen in the polar heavens, and called aurora borealis or aurora australis, according as it is seen in the north or in the south. The aurora borealis is commonly known as the northern lights. AURORAL (a-rd'ral), a. 1. Pertaining to the dawn of day; roseate. 2. Pertaining to the aurora borealis, or to the aurora australis. AUROUS (a'rus), a. 1. Pertaining to gold; con- taining gold. 2. Chem. With gold of a monad valence in its composition. [L. aurum, gold, and -OUS.] AURUM (a/rum), n. Chem. Gold. — Aurum fulminans, or fulminating gold, gold dissolved in nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by ammonia. [L.] AUSCULTATE (as'kul-tat), vt. [pr.p. AUS'- CULTATING; p.t. and p.p. AUSCULTAT- ED.] Examine by auscultation. [L. aus- cullo, listen.] AUSCULTATION (as-kul-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of listening. 2. Med. Method of distinguish- ing diseases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds in the part, either directly, by applying the ear, or by means of a stetho- scope. AUSPICE (as'pis), n. [pi. AUSPICES (as'pi- sez).] Omen; augury; observation of signs foretelling the future. Now almost always used in the plural form. [L. auspiclum; from auspex, augur; from avis bird, and specio, observe.] AUSPICIOUS (as'pish-us), c. Having good auspicies or omens of success; favorable; fortunate. SYN. Favoring; propitious; promising. ANT. Inauspicious; unfavorable; discour- aging; premature; untimely. AUSPICIOUSLY (as-pish'us-li), adv. In an auspicious manner. AUSPICIOUSNESS (as-pish'us-nes), ». Quality of being auspicious. AUSTENITE (a'sten-It), n. A carbide of iron that forms one of the principal ingredients of steel. AUSTER (as'ter), n. 1. South wind. 2. The south. [L.] AUSTERE (as-ter'), a. 1. Crabbed in temper; harsh; stern. 2. Severely simple; unadorned. 3. Harsh, tart, or rough to the taste. [L. austerus; from Gr. austSros; from auo, dry.] SYN. Severe; rough; rigid; stern; rigor- ous; strict. ANT. Indulgent; kind; com- passionate; genial; yielding. AUSTERELY (as-ter'li), adv. In an austere manner. AUSTERENESS (as-ter'nes), n. Quality of being austere; austerity. AUSTERITY (as-ter'i-ti), n. [pi. AUSTER'- ITIES.] 1. Harshness; severity; crabbedness of temper; sternness. 2. Harshness or sovirness of taste. AuSTERLITZ (ows'ter-lits), n. A town in Aus- tria-Hungary, scene of a Napoleonic victory in 1805. AUSTRAL (as'tral), a. Pertaining to the south; southern. [L. australis; from auster, south wind.] AUSTRALASIAN (as-tral-a/shan), I. a. Per- taining to Australasia, division of the globe consisting of Australia and neighboring is- lands. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Austral- asia. AUSTRALIA (as-tra/li-a), n. Largest island in world; S. E. of Asia. Area 2,973,573 sq. m. Australian ( as-tra'ii-an), I. a. Pertaining to Aus- tralia. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Australia. Austria-Hungary (as- tri-a-hun'ga-ri), n. Euro- pean empire. Area 240,943 sq. m. Austrian (as'tri-an), I. a. Pertaining to Austria. II. n. Native or inhabi- tant of Austria. Australian. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. AUTHENTIC 84 AUTOCOPIST Prince Metternich, Austrian States- man. Born 1773, died 1829 AUTHENTIC (a-then'tik), AUTHENTICAL (a-then'- tik-^1), a. 1. Trust- worthy; reliable; having a genuine origin. 2. Of approved authority. 3. Law. Vested with all due formalities, and legally at- tested. 4. Music. Having an immediate relation to the key-note or tonic. [Gr. authentis, real author; from autos, self, and henies worker.] SYN. Genuine; au- thoritative; authorized; veritable. ANT. Spurious; unauthorized; false; ficticious; bogus; counterfeit. AUTHENTICALLY (a-then'tik-al-i), adv. In an authentic manner. AUTHENTICALNESS (a-then'tik-al-nes), n. Quality of being authentic; authenticity. AUTHENTICATE (a-then'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. AUTHENTICATING; p.t. and p.p. AUTHEN- TICATED.] 1. Render authentic. 2. Give authority to by the necessary formalities. 3. Determine as genuine. AUTHENTICATION (a-then-ti-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of authenticating. 2. State of being authenticated. AUTHENTICITY (a-then-tis'i-ti), n. Quality of being authentic; genuineness; authorita- tiveness. AUTHENTICLY (a-then'tik-li), adv. Authen- tically; so as to be authentic. AUTHENTICNESS (a-then'tik-nes), n. Authen- ticity; authenticalness. AUTHOR (a'thiir), n . 1. One who produces or creates. 2. Beginner or first mover; cause. 3. One who composes or writes a book, poem, etc. [L. auctor; from augeo, increase.] AUTHORESS (a'thur-es), n. Female author. The word is now seldom used, author being used Instead. AUTHORITATIVE (a-thor'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Hav- ing authority. 2. Dictatorial. AUTHORITATIVELY (a-thor'i-ta-tiv-li), adv. In an authoritative manner. AUTHORITATIVENESS (a-thor'i-ta-tiv-nes), n. Quality of being authoritative. AUTHORITY (a-thor'i-ti), n. [pi. AUTHOR- ITIES.] 1. Legal power or right to command or to act. 2. Person or persons invested with legal power or right. 3. Authoritative power, weight or influence derived from rank, office, character, age, experience, etc. 4. Authori- tative precedent, official declaration, or legal decision. 5. Person or organization in whom government or command is vested. SYN. Rule; sway; command; control; dominion; Influence; prerogative; mastery; appointment; permission; precept; war- ranty; voucher; concession. ANT. Pro- hibition; interdiction; restriction; restraint; bar; proscription. AUTHORIZATION (a-thur-i-za'shun), n. Act of authorizing, or state of being authorized. AUTHORIZE (a'thur-iz), vt. [pr.p. AUTHOR- IZING; p.t. and p.p. AUTHORIZED (a'thur- izd).] 1. Give authority to; commission; em- power. 2. Sanction; justify; permit. 3. Es- tablish by authority. 4. Make legal. AUTHORSHIP (a'thur-ship), w. 1. Quality or state of being an author. 2. Source; origin. AUTO (a' to), n. [pi. AUTOS (a'toz).] An auto- mobile. (Colloq.) AUTO-, prefix. Self; of one's self; self-moving; automatic. [Gr. autos, self.] AUTOBIOGRAPHER (a-to-bi-og'ra-fer), «. One who writes a biography of himself or herself. AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL (a-to-bi-6-graf 'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to autobiography. AUTOBIOGRAPHY (a-to-bl-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. AUTOBIOG'RAPHIES.] Narrative of the most memorable incidents in one's life, written by one's self. [AUTO- and BIOGRAPHY.] AUTOBOAT (a'to-bot), n. Boat propelled by a motor; automobile boat; motor boat. [AUTO, for AUTOMOBILE, and BOAT.] AUTOBUS (a'to-bus),n. Au- tomobile omnibus; motor bus. [AUTO, for AUTO- MOBILE, and BUS.] AUTOCAB(a'to-kab),w. Cab moved from within by steam, electric power, etc., instead of by traction; au- tomobile cab; motor cab. [AUTO- and CAB.] AUTOCAR (a'to-kar), n. 1. Automobile; motor car. 2. Armored military automobile, equipped with machine guns, ammunition, etc. [AUTO, for AUTOMOBILE, and CAR.] AUTOCARPOUS (a-to-kar'pus), a. Bot. Ap- plied to a fruit not adhering to the calyx. [AUTO-, and Gr. karpos, fruit.] AUTO-CARRIAGE (a'to-kar-ij), n. Self-pro- pelling carriage. AUTOCHTHON (a-tok'thon), n. 1. One of the aborigines of a country. 2. Indigenous plant or animal. [Gr. autos, self, and ehihon, earth.] AUTOCHTHONIC (a-tok-thon'ik), a. 1. Aborig- inal. 2. Indigenous. AUTOCHTHONOUS (a-tok'thon-us), a. Of the nature of an autochthon; autochthonic. AUTOCLAVE (a-to'klav), n. Fireless cooker. [Gr. autos, self, and L. clavis, key.] AUTOCOHERER (a-to-ko-her'er), n. Auto- matic wireless telegraphic coherer. [AUTO- and COHERER.] AUTOCOMBUSTIBLE (a-to-kom-bus'ti-bl), a. Capable of being burned without the aid of additional fuel; self-combustible. [AUTO- and COMBUSTIBLE.] AUTOCOPIST (a'to-kop-ist), n. Automatic Autobus. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. steering wheel •ar shifting lever YqoOrake j>\ x CLUTCH PEDAL EMERGENCY BRAKE SPARK&THROTltE CONTROL INTERNALS EXPANDING BRAKE COPYRIGHT J9tT BY WM.H.LEE AUTOCRACY 85 AUTONOMY manifolding apparatus. [Fr. autocopiste — Gr. autos, self, and Fr. copiste, copier.] AUTOCRACY (a-tok'ra-si), n. [pi. AUTOC- RACIES.] Supreme, uncontrolled authority, or right of government, vested in one person; absolutism; rule of an autocrat. [Gr. auto- krateia; from autokrates, autocrat.] AUTOCRAT (a'to-krat), n. Absolute sovereign; one who rules with undisputed sway. [Gr. autokrates; from autos, self, and kratos, strength.] AUTOCRATIC (a-to-krat'ik), AUTOCRATICAL. a-to-krat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to an auto- crat or autocracy; absolute in government; despotic. AUTOCYCLE (a'to-si-kl), n. Motorcycle; motor bicycle or tricycle. [AUTO, for AUTOMOBILE, and CYCLE.] Autocycle. AUTO DA FE (ow-to-da-fa'). Same as AUTO DE FE. [Pgl. AUTO DE FE (ow-to da fa), [pi. AUTOS DE FE.] Literally, "an act of faith," solemn ceremony held by the court of the Inquisition in Spain preliminary to the execution of a heretic; the sentence of the court; the court's session. [Sp.] AUTO-DIGESTION (a-to-di-jes'chun), n. Di- gestion of the stomach itself by the gastric juice. AUTODYNAMIC (a-to-di-nam'ik), o. Operating by its own power or force without extraneous aid. [AUTO- and DYNAMIC] AUTOGENOUS (a-toj'e-nus), a. Self-engen- dered; arising spontaneously. [Gr. autogenes; from autos, self, and gennao, beget ; from genua, birth.] AUTOGRAPH (a'to-graf), I. n. Anything writ- ten with one's own hand, as a letter or signa- ture. II. a. Written by one's own hand, as an autograph manuscript, a manuscript in the handwriting of the author. [Gr. autographos ; from autos, self, and grapho, write.] AUTOGRAPHIC (a-to-graf'ik), AUTOGRAPH- ICAL (a-to-graf ik-al), a. 1. Written by one's own hand. 2. Pertaining to an autograpb, or to autography. 3. Self-recording. AUTOGRAPHY (a-tog'ra-fi), n. 1. Science of autographs. 2. Original manuscript. 3. Proc- ess in lithography by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone. AUTOHARP (a'to-harp), n. Musical instru- ment of the zither kind having a piano scale and cross-bar mutes. [AUTO- and HARP.] AUTOIST (a'to-ist), n. Automobilist. AUTOMANUAL (a'td-man-u-al), n. Device for triplicating telephonic action automatically by use of hands. AUTOMAT (a/to-mat), n . Coin slot-machine; restaurant where food is automatically served. [Gr. automatos, self-acting.] AUTOMATIC (a-to-matik), AUTOMATICAL (a-to-naat'ik-al), a. 1. Self-regulating, self- operating, or self-adjusting, as certain ma- chines. 2. Carried on or performed by such a machine. 3. Psychol. Performed without volition; carried on unconsciously. 4. Per- taining to automatism or to an automaton. AUTOMATICALLY (a-to-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In an automatic manner. AUTOMATISM (a-tom'a-tizm), n. 1. Power of self-motion or self-adjustment. 2. Automatic action. AUTOMATON (a-tom'a-ton), n. [pi. AUTOMA- TONS or AUTOMATA.] 1. Specifically, fig- ure resembling a human being or animal so constructed that it will automatically imitate the actions of living beings. 2. Any self- acting or automatic machine. [Gr. automatos, self-moving; from autos, self, and mao, strive after.] AUTOMATOUS (a-tom'a-tus), a. Automatic. AUTOMOBILE (a-to-mo'bil), a. Self-moving; self-propelling, as automobile carriage, auto- mobile torpedo, etc. [AUTO-, and L. mobilis, movable; from moveo, move.] AUTOMOBILE (a-to- mo'bil, a'to-mo-bil, or a-to-mo-bel'), n. Self-propelling vehi- cle adapted for use on ordinary roads unprovided with rails; autocar; autobus; autotruck; auto van; motor car. AUTOMOBILISM (a-to-mo'bil-izm), n. Act or practice of using an automobile. AUTOMOBILIST (a-to-mo'bil-ist), n. One who practices automobilism. AUTOMORPHIC (a-to-mar'fik), a. Formed after the pattern of one's self. [AUTO-, and Gr. morphe, form.] AUTOMORS (a'to-marz), n. Lately discovered disinfectant, composed of creosol and sulphuric acid. [AUTO-, and L. mors, death.] AUTOMOTOR (a'to-mo-tur), n. Self-propelling machine or vehicle. AUTONOMIC (a-to-nom'ik), a. AUTONOMIST (a-ton'o-mist), n. ors autonomy. AUTONOMOUS (a-ton'o-mus), o. ing or relating to autonomy. 2. Biol. Existing independently of any other organism. [Gr. autonomos; from autos, self, and nemo, dis- tribute.] AUTONOMY (a-ton'o-mi), n. [pi. AUTON- OMIES.] 1. Power, right, or state of self- Automobile. Autonomous. One who fav- Pertain- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. AUTONYM 86 AVE government; independence. 2. State of being, within certain limits, a law to one's self. 3. Biol. State of an organ or part existing inde- pendently of any other organ or part. [Gr. autonomia; from antonomos, autonomous.] AUTONYM (a'to-nim), n. True name instead of pseudonym. [Fr. autonyme, autographic name. AUTO PHONE (a'to-fon), n. Self -playing barrel organ. [AUTO-, and Gr. phonos, sound.] AUTOPLASTY (a'to-plas-ti), n. Surg. Process of replacing a diseased or affected part with healthy tissue from another part of the same body; skin-grafting. [AUTO- and -PLASTY.] AUTO PLATE (a'to-plat), n. Automatic curved stereotype casting machine. AUTOPNEUMATIC (a-to-nu-mat'ik), a. Pro- pelled automatically by compressed air. AUTOPSY (a'top-si), n. 1. Ocular demonstra- tion. 2. Med. Post-mortem examination. [Gr. autopsia; from autos, self, and oplos, seen.] AUTOPTIC (a-top'tik), a. Self-observing. [Fr. autoptique.] AUTOSCOPE (a'to-skop), n. Med. Instrument enabling self-examination of one's own or- ganism. AUTOSUGGESTION (a-to-sug-jes'chun), n. Self- hypnotism. AUTOTOXIC (a-to-toks'ik), a. Self-poisoning. [AUTO- and -TOXIC] AUTOTOXICATION (a-to-toks-i-ka'shun), n. Poisoning of the body by toxic matter gener- ated therein. AUTOTRUCK (a'to-truk), n. Self-propelling heavy drayage truck; motor truck. [AUTO- and TRUCK.] AUTOTYPE (a'to-tip), n. 1. Method of photo- typing, by which pictures are produced in monochrome in a carbon pigment. 2. Print so produced. 3. A facsimile. [AUTO- and TYPE.] AUTOTYPIC (a-to-tip'ik), a. Pertaining or relating to an autotype or the autotype proc- ess. AUTOTYPOGRAPHY (a-to-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. Printing gelatine pictures that have been transferred to soft metal plates. AUTOTYPY (a-tot'i-pi), n. Autotype process. AUTOVAN (a'to-van), n. Van propelled by a motor; motor van. AUTUMN (a'tum), n . 1. Season of the year which follows summer and precedes winter, commonly called fall; astronomically, from September 23 to December 22. 2. Time of ripeness; the decline of life. [L. autumnus.] AUTUMNAL (a-tum'nal), a. Of or pertaining to autumn. AUXESIS (aks-5'sls), n. Verbal amplification. [Gr. auxSsis, increase.] AUXETOPHONE (aks-et'6-fdn), n. Device for reinforcing the sounds of graphophones. [Gr. aux6, increase, and phdnS, sound.] AUXILIARLY (agz-il'i-ar-li), adv. In a help- ing manner. AUXILIARY (agz-il'i-a-ri), I. a. Rendering assistance; helping; aiding; subsidiary. II. n. [pi. AUXILIARIES.] 1. One who or that which assists. 2. Gram. Verb that helps to form moods and other verbs. 3. [pi.] For- eign allied troops. [L. auxilium, help; from augeo, increase.] AVAIL (a-val'), v. [pr.p. AVAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. AVAILED (a-vald').] I. vt. 1. Profit; serve the purpose of. 2. Promote; favor; as- sist. II. vi. Re of advantage or effectiveness; suffice. [O. Fr. a, from L. ad, to, and Fr. valoir, be worth; from L. valeo, be of value.] AVAIL (a-vaT), n. 1. Worth; value; profit; advantage; use; benefit; good. 2. [pi.] Pro- ceeds; means; property. AVAILABILITY (a-val-a-bil'i-ti), n. The qual- ity of being available; availableness. AVAILABLE (a-val'a-bl), o. 1. Capable of being used for a specific or particular pur- pose. 2. At one's disposal. AVAILABLENESS (a-vara-bl-nes), n. Quality of being available; specifically, capability of effecting the purpose for which intended. AVAILABLY (a-val'a-bli), adv. In an available manner. AVALANCHE (av'a-lanch), n. Mass of snow sliding down from a mountain; or anything likened thereto. [Fr.; from L. ad, to, and vallis, valley.] AVALENT (av'a-lent), a. Zero value. [Fr. valoir, worth.] AV ANT-COURIER (a-vant-ko'ri-er), n. One who is sent on ahead to announce approach. [Fr. avant-coureur, forerunner.] AVANT-GUARD (a-vant'gard), n. Advance guard; vanguard. [Fr. avant-garde.] AVARICE (av'a-ris), n. Eager desire for wealth; cupidity; covetousness. [L. avaritia, from avarus, eagerly desirous of; from aveo, crave.] AVARICIOUS (av-a-rish'us), a. Extremely covetous; greedy of gain. SYN. Greedy; covetous; close; miserly; niggardly; penurious; stingy; rapacious; sordid. ANT. Liberal; unselfish; lavish; prodigal; extravagant; generous. AVARICIOUSLY (av-a-rish'us-li), adv. In an avaricious manner. AVARICIOUSNESS (av-a-rish'us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being avaricious. AVAST (a-vasf), interj. Naut. Cease; stop; stay; hold fast. [Dut. houd vast, hold fast.] AVATAR (av-a-tar'), n. 1. In Hindu mythology, the descent of a deity to the earth in a visible form. 2. Supreme glorification of any prin- ciple. [Sans, ava, down, tar, pass over.] AVAUNT (a-vanf), interj. Begone! depart! [Fr. avant, forward.] Ave (a'va), interj. and n. Be well or happy; hail, a salutation to the Virgin Mary, consti- tuting a part of Roman Catholic worship. — fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. AVENA 87 AVIFAUNA Ave Maria (a'va ma-re'a), prayer to the Virgin Mary* so called from the opening words. AvENA (a-vS'na), n. Genus of plants belonging to the order of grasses. The cultivated oat, Avena sativa, belongs to this genus. [L. avena, oat.] AVENACEOUS (av-e-na'shus), a. Pertaining to the botanical genus Avena, or to the wild or cultivated oats. AVENGE (a-venj'), v. [pr.p. AVEN'GING; p.t. and p.p. AVENGED (a-venjd').] I. vt. Take satisfaction or inflict punishment upon for an Injury. II. vi. Execute vengeance. [Fr. venger; from L. vindico, avenge.] SYN. Punish; retaliate; vindicate; re- venge. ANT. Forgive; pardon; condone; forego; waive. AVENGER (a-ven'jer), n. One who avenges. AVENGINGLY (a-ven'jing-li), adv. In an avenging manner. AVENTAIL, AVENTAILE (av'en-tal), n. Flap or movable part of a helmet in front, for ad- mitting air to the wearer. [O. Fr. esv entail, air-hole — L. ex, out, and ventus, wind.] AVENUE (av'e-nu), n. 1. Road or opening of any kind leading to a house, city, etc. 2. Lane or walk bordered by rows of trees, whether leading to a house or not. 3. Broad street. 4. Mode of access; opening, entrance, passage, or way by which anything may be introduced. [Fr.; from L. ad, to, and venio, come.] AVER (a-ver'), vt. [pr.p. AVER'RING; p.t. and p.p. AVERRED (a-verd').] Declare to be true; affirm or declare positively. [Fr. averer; from E. ad, to, and verus, true.] AVERAGE (av'er-aj), n. 1. Mean value or quantity of a number of values or quantities. 2. Any general estimate or medial statement, formed from a comparison of diverse specific cases; general run. 3. Comm. Medium quality; fair sample; specimen showing a mean value or proportion; ordinary. [Fr. avarie, damage.] AVERAGE (av'er-aj), a. 1. Ascertained by taking a medium or mean proportion between given quantities; containing a mean propor- tion; medial. 2. Ordinary; medium. AVERAGE (av'er-aj), v. [pr.p. AVERAGING; p.U and p.p. AVERAGED (av'er-ajd).] I. vt. 1. Find the mean of, as unequal sums or quantities. 2. Reduce to a mean. 3. Divide according to an average. 3. Do, take, etc., on an average. II. vi. Be or amount to an average quantity. AVERAGE-ADJUSTER (av'er-aj-ad-just-er), n. One who regulates losses for insurance. AVERAGELY (av'er-aj-h)» adv. According to an average. AVERMENT (a-ver'ment), n. 1. Act of affirm- ing or averring. 2. That which is averred; an affirmation; positive assertion. AVERRUNCATOR (av-e-rung'ka-tur), n. Dou- ble-bladed pruning knife. [L. averrunco, avert.] AVERSE (a- vers'), a. Feeling a repugnance or dislike; unwilling; disinclined. [L. aversus, turned away.] AVERSELY ( a- vers'li) , adv. In an averse manner. AVERSENESS (a-vers'nes), n. Quality of being averse. AVERSION (a-ver'shun), n. 1. Dislike; hatred. 2. Object of dislike. SYN. Distaste; disinclination; reluc- tance; unwillingness; backwardness; dis- gust; repugnance; antipathy; abhorrence; detestation. ANT. Liking; congeniality; desire; love; affection. AVERT (a-verf), vt. [pr.p. AVERT'ING; p.t. and p.p. AVERT'ED.] 1. Turn from or aside. 2. Prevent, or ward off. [L. averto — ah, from, and verto, turn.] AVERTER (a-vert'er), n. One who or that which averts. AVERTIBLE (a-vSrt'i-bl), a. That may be averted. AvES (a'vez), n.pl. Zool. The birds, the sec- ond class of the sub-kingdom Vertebrata, standing below the Mammalia, and above the Reptilia. [L. pi. of avis, bird.] AvESTA (a-ves'ta), n. Collection of sacred writings of the Magians, composed by Zoro- aster; also called Zend-Avesta. [O. Pers., text.] AVESTAN (a-ves'tan), I. a. Of, or pertaining to, the Avesta. II. n. Language of the Avesta; Zend. AVIAN (a'vi-an), a. Pertaining to the zoolog- ical class Aves, or to a bird. AVIARY (a'vi-a-ri), n. Place for keeping birds. [L. avis, bird.] AVIATE (a'vi-at), v. [pr.p. A'VIATING; p.t. and p.p. A'VIATED.] I. vt. Manage or direct the movements of, said of an aeroplane or flying machine. II. vi. Direct an airship or flying machine; perform the duties of an aviator. [See AVIATOR.] AVIATICS (a-vi-at'iks), n. Science of aerial navigation by means heavier than air. AVIATION (a-vi-a'shun), n. Act, art, or prac- tice of aviating. AVIATOR (a'vi-a-tur), n, [fern. AVIA'TRIX.] One who manages or directs an aeroplane or flying machine. [L. avis, bird, and -ATOR.] AVIATORY (a'vi-a-to-ri), a. Pertaining to an aviator, or to the management or steering of an aeroplane or flying machine. AVICULTURE (a'vi-kul-tur), n. Breeding and rearing of birds. [L. avis, bird, and CULTURE.] AVID (av'id), a. Covetous; greedy. [L. avidus, eager; aveo, crave.] AVIDITY (a-vid'i-ti), n. Eager appetite; greedi- ness. AVIFAUNA (a'vi-fa-na), n. The whole of the birds of any region or country; the fauna so far as birds are concerned. [L. avis, bird, and FAUNA.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note ; not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, li=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. AVION 88 AWAY AVION (a'vi-on), n. Aeroplane supported, pro- pelled, and steered entirely by screw propellers driven by turbines. [L. avis, bird.] Avion. AVOCADO (av-o-ka'do), n. West Indian fruit, called also avocado-pear and alligator-pear. The tree belongs to the order of laurels, and the species Persea gratissima. AVOCATION (av-o-ka'shun), n. 1. Diversion; calling away. 2. Vocation; business. [L. avocatio, a calling off; a (a&), from, away, and vocoy call.] SYN. Employment; vocation; business; calling; pursuit; profession; occupation; trade; line. ANT. Recreation; leisure. AVOCET, AVOSET (av'o-set), n. Bird of the genus Hecurvirostra, with webbed feet, long legs, bare thighs, a long, slender, upward- curved, elastic bill, and the general snipe-like habit. [Fr. avocette — It. avosetta.] AVOID (a-void'), vt. [pr.p. AVOID'ING; p.t. and p.p. AVOID'ED.] 1. Keep away from; abstain from; shun; escape. 2. Render void or of no effect. 3. Law. Defeat; evade. SYN. Shun; eschew; elude; evade; avert; ANT. Seek; court; approach; affect; follow. AVOIDABLE (a-void'a-bl), a. That may be avoided. AVOIDANCE (a-void'ans), n. Act of avoiding, or state of being avoided. AVOIDER (a-void'er), n. One who avoids. AVOIRDUPOIS (av-er-do-poiz'), n. System of weights in which the pound equals 16 ounces. tO. Fr. aver de peis, goods of weight.] AVOUCH (a-vowch'), vt. [pr.p. AVOUCHING; p.t. and p.p. AVOUCHED (a-vowcht').] 1. As- sent to or support the petition or understood wishes of (any person). 2. Support as a cause believed to be Just; justify; vindicate. 3. As- sert positively; affirm; aver; maintain; avow. [O. Fr. vocher; from L. voco, call.] AVOW (a-vow'), vt. [pr.p. AVOWING; p.t. and p.p. AVOWED (a-vowd').] 1. Declare openly; own; confess. 2. Law. Acknowledge and Justify as an act of distraint. [Fr. avouer; from L. ad, to, and vovco, vow.] AVOWABLE (a-vow'a-bl), a. That may be avowed. AVOWABLY (a-vow'a-bll), adv. In a way that can be avowed. AVOWAL (a-vow'al), n. Open declaration of sentiments entertained or of deeds done; ac- knowledgment. AVOWED (a-vowd'), a. Openly acknowledged. AVOWEDLY (a-vow'ed-li), adv. Openly; con- fessedly; admittedly. AVOWER (a-vow'er), n. One who avows. AVULSION (a-vul'shun), n. 1. Act of tearing away or violently separating. 2. Law. Wrenching of land from one man's property and transferring it to another's caused by river floods, etc. [Fr.] AVUNCULAR (a-vung'ku-lar), a. Of or per- taining to an uncle. [L. avunculus.] AWAIT (a-wat), vt. [pr.p. AWAITING; p.t. and p.p. AWAITED.] 1. Wait or look for. 2. Be in store for. [See WAIT.] AWAKE (a-wak'), v. [pr.p. AWAK'ING; p.t. and p.p. AWOKE (a- wok') or AWAKED (a- wakt').] I. vt. Rouse from sleep; put into action or new life; arouse; wake up. II. vi. Bestir oneself; rise; waken out of sleep or a state resembling it. [A. S. dwacan, awake.] AWAKE (a-wak'), a. Not sleeping; in a state of vigilance or action. AWAKEN (a-wa'ken), v. [pr.p. AWA'KENING; p.t. and p.p. AWA'KENED (a-wa'kend).] I. vt. Rouse from sleep. 2. Rouse from a state of physical mental, moral, or spiritual leth- argy. 3. Raise from the sleep of death. 4. Put (anything previously dormant or quiescent) into action. II. vi. Return to consciousness, or to activity after having been dormant or quiescent. AWAKENER (a-wa'ken-er), n. One who or that which awakens. AWAKENING (a-wa'ken-ing), I. a. Having a tendency to awake; stirring; exciting. II. n. Act of awaking; religious revival. AWARD (a-ward'), v. [pr.p. AWARDING; p.t. and p.p. AWARD'ED.] I. vt. Adjudge; as- sign; decree; apportion. II. vi. Make an award; determine. [O. Fr.] AWARD (a-ward'), n. 1. Judgment; decision of an arbitrator, or of a committee on premiums or prizes. 2. Document containing such a decision. 3. Matter, prize, or premium awarded. AWARDER (a-ward'er), n. One who awards or assists in making an award. AWARE (a-war'), a. Apprised; cognizant; knowing; sensible. [A. S. gewaer. See WARE.] AWASH (a-wosh'), a. and adv. Naut. On a level with the water. AWAY (a-wa/), I. adv. 1. At a distance; absent; departed; removed. 2. Off; from one state into another. 3. Apart; aside. 4. On; as in the expression fire away. (Colloq.) II. inter j. Begone. — Away with him, take him away. — Fire away, fire at once, without hesitation. — Make away with, to destroy; get rid of. — Explain away, explain till the thing that needs explanation is itself removed. — Work away, keep on working. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. AWE 89 AXLE AWE (a), n. Dread inspired by something sub- lime; reverential fear or veneration; appalling fear or dread. [A. S. ege; from Ice. agi, fear.] AWE (a), vt. [pr.p. AWING; p.t. and p.p. AWED (ad).] Influence by fear, terror, or respect; strike with fear and reverence. AWEARY (a-we'ri), a. Tired; weary. A WEATHER (a-wetfi'er), adv. Naut. To the weather side, as opposed to the lee side. AWEIGH (a-wa'), adv. Naut. Raised; said of an anchor when it is drawn directly up. AWELESS (a'les), a. 1. Not inspired with awe. 2. Not inspiring awe; not calculated to inspire with awe. AWESOME (a/sum), a. Inspiring with awe; appalling. AWFUL (a'fol), a. Inspiring or expressing awe; fearful. STN. Appalling; dire; dreadful; fright- ful; terrible; shocking; fearful. ANT. De- lightful; pleasant; serene. AWFULLY (a'fol-i), adv. 1. In a manner to inspire with awe. 2. Extremely; very. (Colloq.) AWFULNESS (a'fol-nes), n. Quality of being awful. AWKWARD (ak'ward), a. 1. Wanting dexter- ity; bungling; ungraceful; inelegant. 2. Em- barrassing; perplexing; hard to manage. [O. E. awk, wrong, left, and -WARD.] SYN. Gawky; boorish; uncouth; clumsy; unhandy; inelegant; ungraceful. ANT. Handy; clever; dexterous; adroit; graceful. AWKWARDLY (ak'ward-li), adv. In an awk- ward manner. AWKWARDNESS (ak'ward-nes), n. Quality of being awkward. AWL (al), n. Pointed in- strument for punching small holes. [A. S. eel.] AWN (an), n. Bristle, such as the beard of barley, wheat, etc. [Ice. ogn.] AWNED (and), a. Bearded; having awns. AWNING (an'ing), n. Shel- ter from the sun's rays. [Fr. auvent.] AWNLESS (an'les), a. With- out awns; beardless. AWOKE (a-wok'). Pasttense of AWAKE. AWRY (a-ri'), a. and adv. Twisted toward one side or position; crooked; per- verse. [See WRY.] AX, AXE (aks), n. Edged tool for chopping wood or hewing timber. [A. S. eea%] AXIAL (aks'i-al), a. 1. Per- taining to an axis. 2. Be- longing to the trunk of 1. Anat* 1. Anat. Growing Central, especially used of the formation or mass forming the crest of a mountain range. AXIL (aks'il), n. Bot. Angle between the stem or branch and the upper side of a leaf growing on it. [L. axilla, little armpit.] AXILE (aks'il), a. Pertaining to, or situated in, the axis; axial. [L. axis, axis.] AXILLA (aks-il'a), n. [pi. AXEL/Lffl.] Armpit. 2. Bot. Axil. AXILLAR (aks'il-ar), a. Axillary. AXILLARY (aks'il-ar-i), a. and n. Pertaining to the axilla. 2. Bot. from the axil of plants; axillar. AXIOM (aks'i-um), n. 1. Self-evident truth, taken as a basis for a logical deduction, as the twelve axioms or "common notions" of Euclid. 2. Empirical law; generalization from the observation of individual instances. [Gr. axioma, from axios, worthy.] STN. Aphorism; apothegm; adage; by- word ; dictum ; truism ; precept ; maxim. ANT. Absurdity; falsity; sophism; incongruity. AXINOMANCY (aks'i-no-man-si), n. Mode of divination from the motions of an ax poised upon a stake, or of an agate placed upon a red- hot ax, much practiced by the ancient Greeks. [Gr. axine, ax, and manteia, divination.] AXIOMATIC (aks-i-o-mat'ik), AXIOMATICAL (aks-i-o-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining to an axiom. 2. Of the nature of an axiom; self- evident. AXIS (aks'is), n. [pZ.AXES (aks'ez).] 1. Line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, and around which that body revolves, or may be supposed to revolve. 2. Bot. Central part or column of a plant, around which the other parts are disposed. 3. Anat. Second vertebra of the neck, with an upward process on which the atlas turns. 4. Optics. Par- ticular ray of light from any object falling perpendicularly on the eye, called also the optic or visual axis. 5. Geom. Imaginary line drawn through a plane figure, and about which the plane figure is supposed to revolve, with the result of defining the limits of a solid. — Axis of incidence, the line passing through the point of incidence perpendicularly to the refracting surface. — Axis of the equator, the polar diameter of the earth, which is also the axis of rotation. — Axis of refraction, the con- tinuation of the same line through the refract- ing medium. — Axis of a telescope, a right line which passes through the centers of all glasses in the tube. [L. axis, axis.] AXIS (aks'is), n. Zool. Spotted-deer of In- dia. [L.] AXLE (aks'l), n. Shaft or spindle on which S. eaxl.] Axis (Axis maculata). wheel revolves. [A. fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch, luch. AXLETKEE 90 AZT3IE I AXLETREE (aks'1-tre), n. Piece of timber, or bar of iron, on which the wheels of a carriage revolve. AXMAN, AXEMAN (aks'man), n. Woodman. AxMINSTER (aks'min-ster), n. Carpet having a thick, soft pile, and woven all in one piece, manufactured at Axmlnster, England. AXOID (aks'oid), I. a. Of or pertaining to the axis. II. n. Curve generated by the revolu- tion of a point round an advancing axis. AXOLOTL (aks'o-lotl), n. Curious amphibian of Mexico, resembling a newt, from 8 to 10 inches in length, with gills formed of three long, ramified or branch-like processes float- ing on each side of the neck. It is esteemed a luxury by the Mexicans. [Mex.] AXOMETER (aks-om'e-ter), n. Opt. Instru- ment for adjusting the lenses of eye-glasses and spectacles. [AXIS and -METER.] AXOSPERMOUS (aks-o-sper'mus), a. Bot. De- scriptive of compound fruits having an axile placentation, the attachment of the seeds be- ing toward the axis. [L. axis, axis, and Gr. spertna, seed.] AT, ATE (a), adv. Ever; always. ATAH (a'ya), n. Lady's maid or nurse who be- longs to one of the native races of India. [An- glo-Ind. — Pg. aya, governess.] ATE (i), I. adv. Tea; yes; indeed. II. n. Af- firmative vote. [Form of TEA.] ATE-ATE (i'i), n. Peculiar quadruped of Mada- gascar, about the size of a hare, closely allied to the lemurs, and having much of the aspect of a squirrel. [Malagasy, aiay.] ATRIE, ATRT (a'i-ri), n. See AERIE. ATRSHIRE (ar'sher), n. One of a breed of cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland. It is parti- colored, red and white, and is excellent for the dairy. AtRSTONE (ar'ston), n. Polishing hone. AZALEA (az-a'le-a), n. 1. Genus of flowering plants of North America and Asia, including Azalea nudi flora and the swamp honey- suckle. This ge- nus is allied to the rhododendron, but the azalea has de- ciduous leaves and funnel-like corolla. 2. [a-] Any flowering plant of this ge- nus. [Gr. azaleos, dry.] AZARLN (az'a-rin), n. Coal-tar color used dyeing cotton a brilliant red or scarlet. AZAROLE (az'a-rol), n. Southern European shrub (Crataegus Azarolus) of the thorn family with pleasant fruit; also the fruit. Azalea. In AZIMUTH (az'i-muth), n. Arc of the horizon, intercepted between the meridian of any place and the vertical circle passing through the center of a heavenly body. [Ar. al, the, and sumut, paths.] AZO (az'6), a. Containing nitrogen, as azo compounds. It is applied (in combination as a prefix) to compounds containing nitrogen, as azobenzoic, pertaining to or containing nitro- gen and benzoin. [From AZOTE.] AZOIC (a-zo'ik), a. Geol. Destitute of organic life, or of fossil remains of organic life; before the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal life on the globe, as the azoic rocks. [Gr. a priv. and zoe, life.] AZORES (a-zorz'), n. pi. Islands, 800 m. W. of, and belonging to, Portugal. Area 1,000 sq. m. AZOTE (az'ot), n. Nitrogen, so called because it does not sustain animal life. [Gr. a priv. and zad, live.] AZOTEMIA (az-o-te'mi-a), n. Horse-disease. AZONIC (a-zon'ik), o. Not limited to a zone; not local. [Gr. a priv. and zone", belt, region.] AZOTH (az'oth), n. Alchemists' name for mer- cury. [Ar. az = al, and zaug, quicksilver.] AZOV, AZOF (a'zof), n. Sea of South Russia, communicating with the Black Sea by the Strait of Tenikale. 2. Town in Don Cos- sacks province, Russia, on the Don near its mouth. AzRAEL (az'ra-el), n. Aral). Myth. In Mo- hammedan religion, the angel of death, who separates man's soul from the body, and is himself the last to die on the day of judgment. AZTEC (az'tek), I. a. Of or pertaining to the dominant tribe in Mexico at the time of the arrival of the Span- iards (1519). II. n. 1. Member of the Aztec tribe. 2. Aztec language. AZULEJO (a-tho-la'ho), n. Spanish earthenware tile painted and enameled in rich colors, with metallic luster. [Sp.] AZULIN (az'u-lin), n. Coal- tar color, prepared by heating coralline and aniline together. Montezuma, Aztec Emperor of Mexico. Born about 1473; died 1520. [Sp. azul, blue.] AZURE (azh'yor or a/zhor), I. a. 1. Of a deep blue; sky-colored. 2. Cloudless; spotless. II. n, 1. Clear blue; sky-color. 2. The clear sky. [Fr. azur, blue.] AZURITE (azh'u-rit), n. Min. 1. Blue carbon- ate of copper. 2. Lazulite. AZTGOUS (az'i-gus), a. 1. Not joined or yoked with another. 2. Anat. Not one of a pair, as a muscle. [Gr. azygos — a priv., and zygon, yoke.] AZTME (az'im), n. Unleavened bread. [Gr. azymos; from a priv. and zyme", yeast.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m3, met. bSr; mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 91 BACCHANTE l)(be"),». [pi. B'S (bgz).] Second letter of the English alphabet. It belongs to the order of con- sonants known as labials, the lips being the principal or- gans employed in producing its sound, and is a voiced or sonant mute, the voice not being so entirely shut off in pronouncing it as when one of the voiceless 'mutes or surds, p or /, is uttered. When pre- ceded by m in the same syllable, 6 is generally silent; as, lamb, limb, comb, dumb, etc. It is silent also before t in the same syllable; as, debt, doubt, etc. BAA (ba), n. The cry or bleat of a sheep. [Im- itative.] BAA (ba), vi. [pr.p. BAA'ING; p.t. and p.p. BAAED (bad).] Emit the sound which a sheep does in bleating; bleat. BAAL (ba'al), n. {pi. Ba'ALIM.] 1. Sun-god, chief male divinity among the Phenicians, as Astoreth, the moon-goddess, was the leading female one. 2. Generic term for false god. [Heb. Baal, lord.] BAB A (ba'ba), n. Hindustani term for master. [Hind, baba, lord or master.] BAB A (ba'-ba), n. Fruit paste cake. [Fr.] BABA (ba'ba), n. Arabian patriarch [Ar.] Babbitt-metal (bab'it-met-ai),n. soft alloy of copper, tin, and zinc, used in bearings to lessen friction. [Isaac Babbitt, its inventor.] BABBLE (bab'l), v. [pr.p. BAB'BLING; p.t. and p.p. BABBLED (bab'ld).] I. vt. Utter like a baby; prate. II. vi. Utter inarticulate sounds incessantly, as a brook. 2. Talk idly. 3. Gossip. [Imitative.] BABBLE (bab'l), n. 1. Rippling sound of run- ning water. 2. Idle talk; prattle; gossip. BABBLER (bab'ler), n. One who babbles. STN. Blabber; chatterbox; talker; ranter; sermonizer. BABE(bab),n. 1. Baby; infant. 2. Doll. [O.Sw.] BABCOCK-TEST (bab'kok-test), n. American test for ascertaining percentage of butter in milk. BABEL (ba'bel), n. Scene of confusion; confused combination of sounds, especially voices; tumult. [Tower of Babel where occurred the "confusion of tongues." Genesis xi. 1-9.] BABILLARD (bab'i-lard), n. 1. Noisy loqua- cious fellow. 2. Ornith. White-throat (.Syl- via curruca) ; also known as the chatterer. [Fr.] BABIROUSSA, BABY- ROUSSA (bab-1-ro'sa), n. Species of hog (Babi- russa alfurus), found in< the Indian Archipelago. [Malay, bdbi, hog, and riisa, deer.] BABOO, BABU (ba'bo), n. Form of address, Babiroussa. equivalent to sir oi Hindu gentleman. BABOON (bab-Sn'), n. having a long face, dog-like tusks, large lips, and a short tail. The South African baboon, or chac- ma, as it is called by the natives, is exceedingly fero- cious. [Fr. bab- ouin.] BABY (ba'bl), I. n. [pi. BA'BIES.] 1. Little child; infant. 2. Person like a baby. 3. Tiny Mr., usually given to a [Hind, bdbu.] Large old world monkey, So. African Baboon (Cynoce- phalis porcarius) . reflection of himself (or herself) seen by one person in the pupil of another's eye. II. o. 1. Pertaining to an infant or infants. 2. Newly born or formed. [Dim. of BABE.] BABYHOOD (ba'bi-hod), w. 1. State of Infancy. 2. Babies collectively. BABYISH (ba'bi-ish), a. Like a baby; infantile. BABY-JUMPER (ba'bi-jump-er), n. Contrivance intended to assist children in learning to walk, com- monly constructed so as to bear the weight of the child, by means of straps which are fastened round its body and attached to some- thing above its head. BACCALAUREATE (bak-a-la're-at), 1. a. Of or pertaining to the de- gree of bachelor of arts. II. n. 1. Degree of bachelor of arts. 2. Farewell sermon to graduating class. [L. L. baccalaureus.] BABYLON (bab'i-lon), n. Ancient city of Meso- potamia, Asiatic Turkey, now in ruins. BACCARAT, BACCARA (bak-a-ra'), n. Game of cards, in which each court card counts ten. [Fr.] BACCATE (bak'at), a. BoU Having a pulpy nature like a berry. [L. baccatus, from bacca, berry.] BACCHANAL (bak'a-nal), BACCHANALIAN (bak-a-na'li-an), I. n. 1. Devotee of Bacchus. 2. One who indulges In drunken revels. 3. Orgy. 4. [pi.] Bacchanalia. II. a. Riotous; noisy. Bacchanalia (bak-a-na'ii-a), n.pi. i. Bom. Antiq. Feasts and revels in honor of Bacchus. 2. [b-] Drunken carousals; orgies. BACCHANALIAN (bak-a-na'li-an), a. Of, like, or pertaining to bacchanalia. BACCHANT (bak'ant), I. n. 1. Priest of Bac- chus. 2. Bacchanal; drunken reveler. II. a. Bacchanalian. BACCHANTE (bak'ant), n. devotee of Bacchus. Priestess or female fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BACCHIC 92 BACKSTREAM > BACCHIC (bak'ik), a. Of or pertaining to Bacchus or to bacchanalia. BACCHUS (bak'us), n. Greek and Bom. Myth. God of wine, and a son of Jupiter; said to have married Ariadne, after she was deserted by Theseus; one of their children was Hymen, the god of marriage. BACCIFEROUS (bak-sif'er-us), a. Bearing berries. [L. bacca, berry, and fero, bear.] BACCIFORM (bak'si-farm), a. Berry-shaped. BACCIVOROUS (bak-siv'ur-us), a. Feeding on berries. [L. bacca, berry, and voro, devour.] BACHELOR (bach'e-lur), w. 1. Unmarried man. 2. One who has taken the lowest university degree. 3. Anciently, a knight in the first or lowest stage of knighthood. — Bachelor girl, unmarried young woman. — Bachelor's but- tons, species of ranunculus. BACHELORHOOD (bach'e-lur-hod), n. Bach- elorship. BACHELORSHIP (bach'e-lur-ship), n. State of being a bachelor. BACILLAR (bas'i-lar), BACILLARY (bas'i-la- ri), a. 1. Pertaining to or caused by bacilli. 2. Rod-shaped. BACILLI (ba-sil'i), n. Plural of BACILLUS. BACILLIFORM (ba-sil'i-farm), a. Rod-shaped. BACILLUS (ba-sil'us), n. Biol. Genus of bac- teria, including all the elongated forms except such as are spiral and have a giratory motion. [L. bacillum, dim. of baculum, stick.] BACILLUS (ba-sil'us), n. [pi. BACILLI (ba-sil'i).] Bacte- rium of the genus Bacillus. BACK (bak), I. n. 1. Hinder part of body in man, and upper part in quadrupeds. 2. Part opposed to front. II. a. 1. Pertaining to or supporting the back. 2. Behind; remote; in arrears. III. adv. 1. To a former place, state or condition. 2. Behind; to the rear. 3. In return; again. [A. S. bcec] BACK (bak), v. [pr.p. BACKING; p.t. and p.p. BACKED (bakt).] I. vt. 1. Force or put back- ward; cause to recede. 2. Second or support; bet in favor of. 3. Mount or get upon the back of. 4. Furnish with a back. 5. Super- scribe. II. vi. Move, drive, or go backward. BACK (bak), n. 1. Large, flat-bottomed ferry boat. 2. Brewer's cooling vat or tub. [Sw. bach, bowl.] BACKBITE (bak'bit), vU [pr.p. BACKBITING; p.t. BACK'BIT; p.p. BACKBITTEN.] Speak evil of behind one's back or in one's absence. BACKBITER (bak'bi-ter), n. One who back- bites. BACKBOARD (bak'bord), n. Rear or tail board of a cart or wagon. BACK'BONE (bak'b6n), n. 1. Vertebral column. 2. Firmness; resolution. BACKBREAKER (bak'brak-er), n. Extraordi- nary, heavy task. Cholera Bacilli (highly mag- nified). BACKCAP (bak'kap), vt. [pr.p. BACK'CAPPING; p.t. and p.p. BACK'CAPPED (bak'kapt).] Speak slurringly of. BACK-DOOR (bak'dor), I. n. Rear entrance or exit. H. o. Underhand; clandestine. BACK-DOWN (bak'down), n. Ignominious retreat. BACKER (bak'er), «. Supporter In a contest or wager. BACKGAMMON (bak-gam'un), n. Game played by two on a special board, the moves being determined by throwing dice. [BACK and GAME.] BACKGROUND (bak'grownd), n. 1. Space behind the principal figures. 2. Place where one is not conspicuous. BACKHAND (bak'hand), n. Writing leaning to the left. BACKHANDED (bak'hand-ed), a. With the hand turned backward; indirect; unfair. BACKING (bak'ing), n. 1. Support; collective body of supporters. 3. Mounting. 3. Fur- nishing with a back. 4. Putting or going back. BACKLOG (bak'log), n. Large stick of wood against which a fire is made on a hearth. BACK-SAW (bak'sa), n. Reinforced tenon saw. BACKSET (bak'set), n. 1. Reverse; set-back. 2. counter-current. BACK-SETTLER (bak'set-ler), n. Backwoods- man. BACKSHEESH, BACKSHISH (bak'shesh), n. Gift; tip. [Pers.] BACK-SHIFT (bak'shift), n. Second- watch shift in a mine. BACKSIDE (bak'sid), n. Hinder part; back portion of anything. BACKSLIDE (bak'slid), vi. [pr.p. BACK'SLI- DING; p.t. BACK'SLID; p.p. BACK'SLIDDEN or BACK'SLID.] Fall or slide back in faith or morals; apostatize. BACKSLIDER (bak'sli-der), n. One who back- slides. SYN. Renegade; apostate; deserter. ANT. Stickler; zealot; fanatic. BACK-STAMP (bak'stamp), n. Place of de- livery stamp used by post-office. BACKSTAY (bak'sta), n. Naut. Rope to support a mast. BACK-STEP (bak'step), vi. [pr.p. BAK'STEP- PING; p.t. and p.p. BACK'STEPPED (bak'- stept).] March towards rear facing front. BACK-STEP (bak'step), n. Step backward with- out changing direction of face. BACKSTITCH (bak'stich), vt. and vi. [pr.p. BACK' STITCHING; p.t. and p.p. BACK- STITCHED (bak'sticht).] Sew by stitching back over former stitches. BACKSTITCH (bak'stich), n. Stitch made by go- ing back over a former one. BACK-STOP (bak'stop), n. Safeguard fence behind catcher in baseball. BACKSTREAM (bak'strem), n. Side-current, as in a river, apparently flowing upstream. fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn \l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, Vah=ch in Scotch loch. BACK-STRETCH 93 BAG BACK-STRETCH (bak'strech), «. Course re- verse of home-stretch on race course. BACK-STRING (bak'string), n. String fastened to child's belt at back to prevent its falling. BACKSTROKE (bak'strok), n. 1. Stroke in re- turn. 2. Backhanded stroke. BACKWARD (bak'ward), BACKWARDS (bak'- wardz), I. adv. 1. Towards the back; with the back foremost; on the back. 2. Towards past times, by way of reflection. 3. Reversely ; from the end to the beginning. 4. In a con- trary manner. 5. From a better to a worse state. II. a. 1. Behind in progress or time. 2. Dilatory; unwilling. 3. Directed to the back. BACKWARDATION (bak-war-da'shun), n. Stock Exch. Consideration given to keep back the delivery of stock when the price is lower for time than for ready money. BACKWARDLY (bak'ward-li), adv. In a back- ward manner. BACKWARDNESS (bak'ward-nes), n. Quality of being backward. BACKWATER (bak'wa-ter), n. Water which sets back in a stream, owing to some obstruc- tion; water kept back at high tide to cleanse the channel; water thrown back by a water wheel. BACKWOODS (bak'wodz), n.pl. Wooded dis- > tricts in thinly settled regions. BACKWOODSMAN (bak'wodz-man), n. [pi. BACKWOODSMEN.] Inhabitant of the back- woods; frontiersman. BACON (ba'kun), n. Back or sides of a hog, salted and smoked. [O. Fr.] BACTERIA (bak-te'ri-a), n. Plural of BAC- TERIUM. BACTERIAL (bak-te'ri-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, bacteria. 2. Caused by bacteria. BACTERICIDAL (bak-te'ri-si-dal), a. That kills bacteria. BACTERICIDE (bak-te'ri-sid), n. Agent capable of killing bacteria. [BACTERIA, and L. ccedo, kill.] BACTERIOLOGY (bak-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. Branch of biology that treats of bacteria. BACTERIUM A B (bak- um), B ACTE ' RIA. ] Unicellular microscopic organism that multiplies by the simple process of transverse division. It possesses both plant and animal characteristics; microbe. [Gr. baktSrion; from baktron y stick.] BACTEROID (bak'te-roid), a. Resembling or of the nature of bacteria. BAD (bad), a. [comp. WORSE (wurs) ; superl. ■ te'ri- n. [pi. Bacteria. -Bacteria of typhoid fever. -Spheroidal Bacteria in pairs. WORST (wurst).] 1. Notably deficient in that which constitutes excellence in the thing specified. 2. Having injurious or disagreeable physical qualities; pernicious; hurtful. 3. Aggravated; distressing. 4. Unfavorable. 5. Incorrect. 6. Unsound. 7. Morally depraved ; vicious; wicked; unjust. Opposed to GOOD. [Etym. doubtful.] SYN. Harmful; injurious; unwholesome; decayed; baneful; deleterious; pernicious; noisome; noxious; evil; wicked; depraved; abandoned; dishonest; unfair; vile; mean; shabby; scurvy; unlucky; unfortunate; un- welcome. ANT. Serviceable; righteous; upright; pious; virtuous; honorable; benev- olent; propitious; efficient; excellent; ad- mirable; kind; humane; gracious; skillful; valid; good. BAD (bad), n. 1. Collectively, those who are bad. 2. That which is bad. 3. Wicked, vicious, or corrupt state or condition. BADE (bad), v. Past tense of BID. BADEN (ba'den), n. 1. State in German Em- pire. 2. Town in that state (Baden-Baden). BADGE (baj), n. Distinctive decoration; charac- teristic mark or token. [L. bagia, mark.] BADGEMAN (baj'man), n. Common name for one authorized to wear a badge. BADGER (baj'er), n. 1. Small burrowing quad- ruped with a thick body and short legs, noted for fighting fiercely when brought to bay. 2. Carpenter's plane used for wide rabbeting. [Etym. doubtful.] BADGER (baj'er), vt. [pr.p. BADG'ERING; p.t. and p.p. BADG'ERED (baj'erd).] Pester or worry; tease; bait. BADINAGE (bad'i-naj; Fr. ba-di-nazh'), n. Light playful raillery; banter. [Fr.] BADLY (bad'li), adv. In a bad manner; evilly; unskillfully; imperfectly; seriously; griev- ously; disastrously. BADNESS (bad'nes), n. Quality or state of being bad. BAFFLE (baf'l), vt. [pr.p. BAF'FLING; p.t. and p.p. BAFFLED (baf'ld).] Elude, defeat or check by artifice. [O. Fr. beffler, mock.] SYN. Repulse; defeat; rebuff; discomfit; overthrow. ANT. Succeed; gain; attain; surmount; overcome; conquer. BAFFLEMENT (baf'1-ment), n. Act of baffling or state of being baffled. BAFFLER (baf'ler), n. One who or that which baffles. BAG (bag), n. 1. Sack; pouch; purse; udder. 2. Determinate quantity, as bag of flour. 3. Quantity of game bagged by a sportsman. 4. Minute sac in which some secretion Is con- tained, as the honey-bag in a bee. [A. S. bcelg, bag.] SYN. Receptacle; cell; pocket; wallet; grip; satchel; reticule. BAG (bag), v. [pr.p. BAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. BAGGED (bagd).] I. vt. 1. Put into a bag fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. BAGASSE 94 BAIT > © e © » ® © • ' !■ Bagatelle boards. or bags. 2. Capture or kill in hunting. 3. Cause to swell or distend like a bag. II. vi. 1. Bulge or sag like a bag. 2. Swell with arro- gance. SYN. Store; reserve; husband; hoard; accumulate; forage. BAGASSE (ba-gas'), n. Refuse stalks of sugar cane, when crushed and dry; any similar refuse. [Fr.] BAGATELLE (bag-a- tel'), n. 1. Trifle. 2. Game played on a nine- holed board with nine balls and a cue. [Fr.] BAGDAD (bag'dad), n. 1. Division of Turkey in Asia. 2. Town in that division. BAGGAGE (bag'aj),n. 1. Trunks, valises and other necessaries of a traveler. 2. Tents, provisions, etc., of an army. [Fr.] BAGGAGE-CAR (bag'aj-kar), n. Railroad car designed for carrying the baggage of passen- gers. BAGGAGE-MAN (bag'aj-man), n. [pi. BAG'- GAGEMEN.] Man who handles or transfers baggage at railway station. BAGGAGE-MASTER (bag'a j-mas-ter), n. Official in charge of baggage. BAGGING (bag'ing), n. 1. Act of putting into a bag or bags. 2. Material for bags. BAGGY (bag'i), a. Bulging out; like a bag; puffy. BAGMAN (bag'man), n. In England, a com- mercial traveler. BAGNIO (ban'yo), n. 1. house. 3. Turkish slave prison. [It.] BAGPIPE (bag' pip), n. Wind i nstrument consisting of a leathern bag which receives the air by a tube, stopped by a valve, and of pipes, pressed by the performer. BAGPIPER (bag'pi-per), n. bagpipe. BAGUETTE (ba-gef), n. Arch. Small astragal molding. [Fr. baguette, rod.] BAH (ba), inter j. Expressing disgust, contempt, or disbelief. BAHA3IAS (ba-ha'maz), w. pi. Group of islands in British West Indies. BAIL (bal), vt. [pr.p. BAIX/ING; p.t. and p.p. BAILED (bald).] 1. Law. Admit to or give bail to; liberate from custody by, or on, giving security. 2. Deliver in trust for some pur- Brothel. Bath- Bagpipe. into which the air is One who plays the pose, as a piece of furniture to be repaired. [O. Fr. bailler; from L. bajulo, bear a burden.] BAIL (bal), n. Law. 1. One who procures the release of another by becoming security for his appearance. 2. The security given. — Admit to bail, release from custody on security being given. — Give bail, give security for one's release from custody. SYN. Surety; bond; warranty; sponsor; hostage. BAIL (bal), n. 1. Handle of a kettle or similar vessel. 2. Hoop or curved rod used as a sup- port, as for the bearing up of the tilt of a boat, cover of a wagon, awning, etc. [M. E. bayle, hoop.] BAIL (bal), n. 1. Cricket. One of the cross- pieces on the top of a wicket. 2. In England, a division between the stalls of a stable. [Fr. bailie, barrier.] BAIL (bal), n. Pail or similar vessel for scooping the water out of a boat. [Fr. bailie; from L. baca, tub.] BAIL (bal), vt. [pr.p. BAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BAILED (bald.)] Free (a boat) from water by dipping it out; scoop out with a bail. BAILABLE (bal'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being bailed; admitting of bail. 2. That may be delivered in bail or trust. BAIL-BOND (bal'bond), n. Law. Bond given for appearance in court. BAILEE (bal-e'), n. One to whom certain per- sonal property is intrusted for a specific pur- pose. BAILER (bal'er), n. Person or vessel employed in bailing water from a boat. BAILER, BAILOR, n. See BAILOR. BAILIFF (bal'if), n. 1. Court officer whose duty it is to take charge of juries, wait upon the court, etc. 2. In England, an overseer; steward; keeper of a forest; castle, etc. 3. English deputy sheriff. [O. Fr. baillif; from root of BAIL.] BAILIWICK (bal'i-wik), n. Extent or limit of a sheriff's or bailiff's jurisdiction; shire or county. [O. Fr. bailli, officer of justice, and A. S. wic; from L. vicus, village.] BAILMENT (bal'ment), n. Law. 1. Delivery of personal property by one person to another in trust, for some special purpose. 2. Act of admitting to bail. BAILOR (bal'tir), n. One who makes a bailment. BAILPIECE (bal'pes), n. Law. Bail or surety bond. BAIRN (barn), n. Child. [A. S. beam, child.] BAIT (bat), vt. [pr.p. BAIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BAIT'ED.] 1. Provoke and harass by dogs, or in any way. 2. Put food on (a hook or among snares), to attract fish, birds, or other animals. 3. Give refreshment to on a journey. [A. S. bitan, bite.] BAIT (bat), n. 1. Lure to deceive and catch fish or other animals. 2. Anything used as a lure or bait, such as angleworms, minnows, etc fate, fat, task, filr, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' BAIT 95 BALDERDASH 3. Food or refreshment of any kind taken on a Journey. SYN. Inducement; allurement; attrac- tion; enticement; temptation. ANT. Dis- suasion; discouragement. BAIT (bat), vi. [pr.p. BAIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BAIT'ED.] Falconry. Flap the wings. [Fr. battre; from L. battuo, beat.] BAITER (bat'er), n. One who or that which baits. BAIZE (baz), n. Coarse woolen fabric resem- bling flannel. [Fr. doles.] BAKE (bak), v. [pr.p. BAKING; p.t. and p.p. BAKED (bakt).] I. vt. 1. Dry, harden, or cook by the heat of the sun or of fire. 2. Prepare in an oven, as bread. II. vi. 1. Do the work of baking. 2. Undergo the process of baking. [A. S. &ocon, bake.] BAKEHOUSE (bak'hows), n. 1. Common name In England for bakery. 2. Oven room of a bakery, biscuit or cracker factory. BAKELITE (bak'el-it), n. Chemically formed substitute for rubber, celluloid, bone and ivory for insulation purposes. BAKELIZER (bak'el-iz-er), n. Apparatus for the manufacture of Bakelite. BAKER (ba'ker), n. 1. One who bakes bread, cakes, crackers, etc.; one who conducts a bakery. 2. Portable oven. — Baker's dozen, thirteen. BAKERITE (ba'ker-it), n. White slate-like marble. BAKERY (ba'ker-i), n. [pi. BA'KERIES.] Place where bread, cakes, pies, etc., are baked and sold. BAKING (ba'king), n. 1. Act or process of being baked. 2. Quantity baked at a time. BAKING-POWDER (baking-pow-der), n. Pow- der used in baking as a substitute for yeast. BAKSHISH, BAKSHEESH (bak'shesh), n. Gratuity; tip. [Ar. bakhshish, present.] BaL^ENA (ba-le'na), n. Genus of cetaceous animals, including the common Greenland whale. [L. balcena, whale.] BALAKLAVA (ba-la-kla'va), n. Village in the Crimea, 8 m. S. E. of Sebastopol. Charge of the 600, October 25, 1854. BALANCE (bal'ans), v. [pr.p. BALANCING; p.*. and p.p. BAL'ANCED (bal'anst).] I. vt. 1. Weigh in a oalance; compare by estimating, as if in a balance. 2. Equal; make equal. 3. Poise. II. vi. 1. Have equal weight or power; be in equipoise. 2. Hesitate. 3. Dance forward to, and backward from, a partner. SYN. Weigh; balance; counterpoise; counteract; countervail; neutralize; com- pensate; equalize; adjust. ANT. Upset; tilt; cant; mispoise; overbalance. BALANCE (bal'ans), n. 1. Pair of scales. 2. Act of weighing. 3. That which renders weight or authority equal. 4. Sum required to make the two sides of an account equal, hence the surplus, or the sum due on an ac- count. — Balance of power, such a condition of things among nations that the power of each, however great, is balanced by that of the rest. — Balance of trade, difference in value between total exports and imports of a country. — Electric balance, device by which an unknown electric resistance is readily deter- mined. [L. bis, double, and lanx, dish.] BALANCE ABLE (bal'ans-a-bl), a. Capable of being balanced. BALANCEMENT (bal'ans-ment), n. 1. Act of balancing, or state of being balanced. 2. Biol. Law of abnormal growth, by which exuber- ance of nutrition in one organ Is supposed to involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or partial atrophy of some other, or con- versely; compensation. BALANCER (bal'ans-er, n. 1. One who or that which balances; an equilibrist. 2. Entom. Drumstick-like process on either side of the metathorax of a dipterous insect, as in th. fly. BALANCE-REEF (bai'ans-ref), n. Naut. Reef- band that crosses a sail diagonally, used to contract it in a storm. BALANCE-SHEET (bal'ans-shet), n. Written statement containing both sides of a debit and credit account and striking a balance. BALANCE-WHEEL (bal'ans-hwel), n. Wheel that controls or regulates the movement of a mechanism, especially that of a watch or chronometer. BALANCING (bal'ans-ing), n. Equilibrium; poise ; perform- ance of an equilibrist. BALBRIGGAN (bal-brig'an),n. Cotton underwear made in Balbriggan, Ireland. BALCONY (bal'ko-ni), n. [pi. BAI/CONIES.1 1. Platform or gallery outside the win- dow of a room. 2. Elevated floor along the walls of a theater, etc., usually between gallery and parquet. BALD (bald), n. 1. With- out the usual natural covering on the head, as hair in the case of i man and feathers in' that of birds. 2. Naked : bare. [Etym. doubt- ful; Sp. baldio, un- filled, and Eng. BALL have been suggested.] BALD EAGLE (bald'e- gl). American or white- headed sea-eagle, the bird that the United States has chosen as its emblem. BALDERDASH (bal'der- dash), n. Jargon of Balcony. Bald Eaffle (Halicetus leucocephalus) . fate, fat, task, far, fall, fire, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, i\=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, Kh-ch in Scotch loch. BALDHEAD 96 BALLOON-JIB > words jumbled together without sense or Judgment; worthless mixture. [Wei. bald- arddus, prating; from baldardd, prate.] BALDHEAD (bald'hed), n. Person whose head is bald. BALD-HEADED (bald'hed-ed), a. Having a bald head. BALDLY (bald'li), adv. In a bald manner; nakedly; inelegantly. BALDNESS (bald'nes), n. State of being bald; alopecia. BALD-KIB (bald'rib), n. Lean, fatless pork adjoining the spare-ribs. BALDRIC (bal'drik), n. 1. Richly-ornamented belt, worn over one shoulder and across the breast. 2. Zodiac viewed as a gem-studded belt encircling the heavens. [Fr. baudrier, belt.] BALDUR (bal'dur), B ALDER (bal'der), n. Norse Myth. Son of Odin, so beautiful and bright that he emanates light. BALE (bal), n. Large bundle or package, as of cotton or other commodity, corded or banded round very tightly for transportation or storage. [O. Fr.; from L.L. balla, bala, ball, bale.] BALE (bal), vt. [pr.p. BA'LING; p.t. and p.p. BALED (bald).] Make into a bale or bales. BALE (bal), n. Calamity; mischief; danger; misery; woe; evil. [A. S. bealo, woe.] Balearic (bai-e-ar'ik) Islands. Group of Spanish islands in the 31editerranean. BALEEN (ba-len'), n. Whalebone. [L. balmna, whale.] BALE-FIRE (bal'fir), n. Signal-fire; beacon. BALEFUL (bal'foD, a. 1. Full of grief or misery; sorrowful; sad; woful. 2. Pernicious; harm- ful; deadly. BALISTA (ba-lis'ta), n. Same as BALLISTA. BALIZE (ba-lez'), n. Pole raised on a bank of earth near the sea to constitute a beacon. [Fr. balise, sea-mark.] BALK (bak), n. 1. Hindrance; obstacle. 2. Frustration of plans or projects; disappoint- ment; defeat. 3. Blunder; unsatisfactory result. 4. Agric. Land over which the plow slips without turning it up; unplowed ridge between furrows. 5. Anything passed by in the way that an unplowed furrow is. 6. Large beam or timber. [A. S. balca, heap.] BALK (bak), v. [pr.p. BALKING; p.t. and p.p. BALKED (bakt).] I. vt. Thwart; frustrate; render nugatory; disappoint. II. vi. Stop abruptly and refuse to proceed. BALKAN (bal-kan' or bal'kan) MOUNTAINS. Mountain system in Europe, S. of the lower Danube. BALKY (bak'i), a. Inclined to balk. BALL (bal), n. 1. Anything spherical, as a bullet, globe, etc. 2. Game played with a ball. [Fr. balle, ball.] BALL (bal), v. [pr.p. BALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BALLED (bald).] I. vt. Form into a ball or balls, as snow. II. vi. Unite so as to form a ball. BALL (bal), n. Dancing assembly. [Fr. bal; from bailer, dance.] BALLAD (bal' ad), n. 1. Short simple air. 2. Popular song. 3. Short narrative poem. [Fr. ballade, song sung in dancing.] BALLAST (bal'ast), n. 1. Heavy matter used to make anything steady. 2. Earth or gravel used to fill the space between the rails on a railway. [Dan. bag, back, and last, load.] BALLAST (bal'ast), vt. [pr.p. BAL'LASTING; p.t. and p.p. BAL'LASTED.] Supply with bal- last; make or keep steady. BALL-BEARING (bal'bar-ing), n. Loose metal balls inserted in machinery to lessen friction. BALLET (bal-la' or bal'let), n. 1. Theatrical exhibition acted chiefly in dancing. 2. The dancers of such an exhibition collectively. [Fr., dim. of bal, dance.] BALLISTA (bal-lis'ta), n. [pi. BALLIS'T^E] Military device used in medieval warfare for throwing large stones and other heavy mis- siles. [L.; from Gr. balld, throw.] BALLISTIC (bal-lis'tik), a. Pertaining to the ballista, or to ballistics. BALLISTICS (bal-lis'tiks), n. Art or science of shooting missiles; science that treats of the flight of projectiles. BALL-LIGHTNING (bal'lit-ning), n. Incan- descent mass of atmospheric gases evolved in the heavens by electric discharge. BALLON-D'ESSAI (bal-lang'des-a), n. Pilot balloon. [Fr.] BALLONS-SONDES (bal-lang-sands), n.pl. Double balloons used for testing the different atmospheric currents. [Fr.] BALLOON (bal- lon')* n. Bag or hollow sphere or cylinder of light material, which, being inflated with a gas lighter than air or with heated air, ascends and floats in the at- mosphere. — Diri- gible balloon, a balloon that can be directed or con- trolled. See AIR- SHIP. [Fr. ballon.] SYN. Airship; aerodrome; aer- onef ; aeroplane. ANT. Parachute. BALLOONING (bal- lon'ing), n. Aero- Balloon, nautics. BALLOONIST (bal-lon'ist), n. Aeronaut. BALLOON-JIB (bal-lon'jib), n. Naut. Large fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, tt=tt in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BALLOON-NET 97 BAND triangular sail made of very light canvas used by yachts in light winds. BALLOON-NET (bal-lon'net), n. Net used to sustain balloon during its flight in the air. BALLOT (bal'ut), n. 1. Little ball or cube used in voting. 2. Written or printed vote; voting ticket. 3. Secret voting by putting a ball or ticket into a box. [Fr. ballottc, dim. of balle, ball.] BALLOT (bal'ut), v. [pr.p. BAL'LOTING; p.t. and p.p. BAL'LOTED.] I. vi. 1. Vote by means of ballots. 2. Cast a ballot; vote secret- ly. II. vt. Submit to the operation of the ballot. BALLOT-BOX (bal'ut-boks), n. Box for the reception of ballots at an election. BALLOTING (bal'ut-ing), n. Act of voting by ballot. BALLYHOO (bal-i-ho'), n. Among showmen, any spectacular display or performances on the outside of a show, calculated to call atten- tion to the attractions offered within. (Colloq.) BALM (bam), n. 1. Aromatic plant. 2. Fra- grant and healing ointment obtained from such a plant. 3. Anything that heals or soothes. [L. balsamum.] BALM (bam), vt. [pr.p. BALM'ING; p.t. and p.p. BALMED(bamd).] 1. Anoint with balm. 2. Soothe: mitigate; assuage. BALMILY (bam'i-li), adv. In a balmy manner. BALMORAL (b-1-nior'al), n. 1. Kind of gaily- striped woolen gods, or a skirt made from it. 2. Kind of stout-laced walking-shoe. [Bal- moral, Scotland.] BALMY (bam'i), a. Bearing balm; having the qualities of balm; aromat- ic; odorous. BALSAM (bal'sam), n. 1. Name of certain plants. 2. Resinous oily substance flowing from them. [Gr. balsamon.] BALSAMIC (bal-sam'ik), I. a. 1. Having the qualities of balsam; aromatic; miti- gating; assuaging. 2. Yield- ing balsam. II. n. Medicine Black-tailed Japanese Bantam Hen. Young child. [So BANTAM (ban'tam), n. Small domestic fowl with feathered shanks, probably from Bantan, In Java. BANTER (ban'ter), vt. [pr. p. BANTERING; p.t. and p.p. BANTERED (ban'- terd).] 1. Make good- natured mirth at the ex- pense of; mildly rally; chaff. 2. Challenge or provoke to something daring. [Etym. doubtful.] BANTER (ban'ter), n. Act of bantering; raillery. BANTLING (bant'ling), n. called from the bands in which it is wrapped.] BANTAN (ban'yan), n. 1. East-Indian fig-tree, whose branches take root and spread over a large area. 2. Hindu merchant. [Hind, banya, merchant.] BANZAI (ban-za'e), interj. Acclamation equiv- alent to the French vive Vempereur, long live the emperor. [Jap., lit., ten thousand years.] BAOBAB (ba'o-bab), n. Gigantic tree, the Adasonia digitata* called also monkey-bread tree. [African name.] BAPTISM (bap'tizm), n. Act of baptizing; in- itiatory rite of the Christian Church, by solemn immersion in, sprinkling wich, or pouring on of water. [Gr. baptisma; frum baptizo f baptize.] BAPTISMAL, (bap-tiz'mal), a. Pertaining to baptism. BAPTIST (bap'tist), n. One of a Christian de- nomination that approves only of adult bap- tism by immersion; originally, one who ad- ministers the rite of baptism. BAPTISTERY (bap'tis-ter-i), BAPTISTRY (bap'- tis-tri), n. [pi. BAPTISTERIES, BAP'TIS- TRIES.] Place where baptism is administered. BAPTISTIC (bap-tis'tik), a. Pertaining to bap- tism; baptismal. BAPTIZE (bap-tiz'), v. [pr.p. BAPTI'ZING; p.t. and p.p. BAPTIZED (bap-tizd').] I. vt. 1. Administer the rite of baptism to, as by im- mersion in, sprinkling with, or pouring on of water. 2. Christen; consecrate. II. vi. Administer baptism. [Gr. baptizo; from bapto, dip.] BAPTIZER (bap-ti'zer), n. One who administers the rite of baptism. BAR (bar), n. 1. Oblong piece of iron or other solid substance. 2. Any obstruction in the form of a bar or beam placed across an open doorway, gateway, etc., to prevent or limit ingress or egress. 3. Transverse beam or bolt for fastening a door, gate, etc. 4. Natural obstruction, as a bank of sand at the mouth of a river. 5. Anything which hinders, pre- vents, obstructs, or excludes; also the act of hindrance and the state of being hindered. 6. Inclosure in a court for accommodation of counsel. 7. Lawyers of a particular court or of the whole country, collectively. 8. The legal profession. 9. Place in court where criminals stand when arraigned. 10. Any tribunal, as the bar of public opinion. 11. In- closure or counter where liquors are dis- pensed. 12. Band or stripe. 13. Music. Line drawn perpendicularly across the staff. — Plea in bar. Law. Plea to the merits of the action, in bar or prevention of the plaintiff's demand* [O. Fr. barre.] BAR (bar), vt. [pr.p. BAR'RING; p.t. and p.p, BARRED (bard).] 1. Mold or shape into a bar or bars, as gold or silver from the mines. 2. Place across, as bar an entrance or exit. 3. Fasten or secure, as with a bar. 4. Hinder; obstruct; prevent. 5. Except; omit as an exception. 6. Furnish with a bar or series of bars. 7. Mark with bands or bars of color. 8. Exclude; prohibit, as to bar a person from entering a prize contest. BARB (barb), n. 1. Point projecting backward on an arrow, fish-hook, etc., to prevent its being easily extracted. 2. Hot. Awn or beard. [Fr. barbe; from L. barba, beard.] BARB (barb) , vt. [pr.p. B ARB'ING ; p.t. and p.p. BARBED (barbd).] Furnish with a barb or barbs. BARB (barb), n. 1. Horse of Barbary breed. 2. Barbary pigeon. [Fr. barbe; abbreviated from Harbary.'] BARB (barb), n. Defensive armor of a knight's warhorse. [Fr. barde.] BARB AC AN (bar'ba-kan), n. Same as BARBI- CAN. BARBADOES (bar-ba'doz), n. Island of the British West Indies. BARBARIAN (bar-ba'ri-an), I. a. Uncivilized; savage; without taste or refinement. II. n. Uncivilized man; savage; cruel, brutal man. [See BARBAROUS.] BARBARIC (bar-bar'ik), a. Foreign; uncivil- ized; rudely grand and impressive. BARBARISM (bar'ba-rizm), n. 1. Form of speech contrary to the spirit of a language. 2. Rude, ignorant, uncivilized state; brutality; cruelty. BARBARITY (bar-bar'i-ti), n. Savageness; cruelty. BARBARIZE (bar'ba-riz), v. [pr.p. BAR'BA- RIZING; p.t. and p.p. BARBARIZED (bar-ba- rizd').] I. vt. Render barbarous. II. vi. 1. Fall into barbarism. 2. Utter a barbarism in speech. BARBAROUS (bar'ba-rus), a. Of, pertaining to, or like a barbarian; savage; brutal; rude; uncivilized. [L. barbarus; from Gr. barbaros, foreign.] BARBAROUSLY (b&r'ba-rus-li), adv. In a barbarous manner. BARBAROUSNESS (bar'ba-rus-nes), n. Quality of being barbarous. BARBATE (bar bat), a. Bot. Awned; bearded. [L. barba, beard.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. ' . BARBATED 101 BARGAIN BARBATED (bar'ba-ted), a. Jagged with points; awned or bearded. BARBECUE (bar'be-ku), n. 1. Hog, ox, or other large animal roasted whole. 2. Entertain- ment in the open air where an animal is roasted whole. [Haytian barbacoa, frame on which meat is dried.] BARBECUE (bar'be-ku), vt. [pr.p. BARBE- CUING; p.t. and p.p. BARBECUED (bar'be- kud).] Roast whole, as a hog or other large animal. BARBED (barbd), a. Furnished with jagged or arrowy points. — Barbed wire, wire armed with barbs or projecting sharp points, used for fences. BARBEL (bar'bel), n. 1. Small fleshy thread, of which several hang from the mouth of certain fishes. 2. Knot of superfluous flesh under the tongue of a horse. 3. Fish allied to the carp, having four beard-like appendages on its upper jaw. [L. barbellus, dim. of barbus; from barba, beard.] BARBELLATE (bar'bel-at), a. Bot. Having barbed or bearded bristles. BARBER (bar'ber), n. One whose business is to shave beards and cut and dress the hair. [L. barba, beard.] BARBER (bar'ber), vi. [pr.p. BAR'BERING; p.t. and p.p. BAR'BERED (bar'berd).] Do the work of a barber; be a barber. BARBERRY (bar'ber-i), n. [pi. BAR'BERRIES.] Ornamental thorny shrub, having yellow flowers and elongated bright-red berries. [L. L. berberis, barberry. BARBET (bar'bet), n. Tropical climbing bird. [Fr. — barbe, beard.] BARBETTE (bar-bet), n. Fort. Terrace in- side a parapet, so raised as to admit of cannon being fired over the top. [Fr.] BARBICAN (bar'bi-kan), BARBA CAN (bar'ba-kan), n. Fortification to a town or castle outside the walls. [Fr. bar- bacane.] BARBULE (bar'bul), n. Bot. Small awn or beard. [L. barba, beard.] BARCAROLLE (bar'ka-rol), n. 1. Venetian boatman's song. 2. Musical composition similar in character to such a song. [Fr. ; from It. barcarolo, boatman.] BARCELONA (b&r-se-lo'na), n. 1. Province of Spain. 2. Capital and seaport of such prov- ince. 3. Town in Venezuela. BARD (bard), n. 1. Poet and singer among the ancient Celts. 2. Poet. [Gael.] BARD (bard), n. Ancient defensive armor for a horse; barb. [Fr. barde.] BARD (bard), vt. [pr.p. BARD'ING; p.t. and Barberry. p.p. BARD'ED.] Adorn with trappings; ca- parison — Barded steed, in medieval times, a horse equipped with defensive armor covering the neck, breast, and shoulders. BARDIC (bard'ik), a. Pertaining to a bard, or to bards or their poetry; written by a bard. BARDISM (bard'izm), n. Learning, maxims, and system of belief given forth by the bards in their verses. BARE (bar), a. 1. Uncovered; naked. 2. With the head uncovered. 3. Lean; meager. 4. Unfurnished; unadorned. 5. Empty. 6. Mere; simple. 7. Threadbare; worn. [A. S. beer.] SYN. Small; minute; puny; faint; mean; trifling; stark; nude; exposed; visible; obvious. ANT. Great; full; vast; over- grown; dressed; clothed; arrayed; shod; invisible; hid; concealed. BARE (bar), vt. [pr.p. BAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. BARED (bard).] Make bare; strip; uncover; expose. BAREBACK (bar'bak), I. a. Riding a bare- backed horse. II. adv. Without saddle or other covering. BAREBACKED (bar'bakt), a. Having no saddle or other covering on the back. BAREBONE (bar'bon), n. Bareboned person. BAREBONED (bar'bond), a. Lean, so that the bones stand out. BAREFACED (bar'fast), a. 1. Having the face bare or uncovered. 2. Audacious; impudent; shameless. BAREFACEDLY (bar'fast-li), adv. Impudently. BAREFACEDNESS (bar'fast-nes), n. Effrontery. BAREFOOT (bar'fot), I. a. Having naked feet. II. adv. In a barefooted manner. BAREFOOTED (bar'fot-ed), a. Without cover- ing on the feet; having the feet bare. BAREGE (ba-razh'), n. Thin woolen fabric used for women's dresses. [Bareges, France.] BAREHANDED (bar'hand-ed), a. 1. Having the hands, or one of them, bare. 2. Destitute. BAREHEADED (bar'hed-ed), a. With the head bare; having the head uncovered. BARELEGGED (bar'legd), a. Having the legs bare. BARELY (bar'li), adv. 1. Nakedly. 2. Without decoration. 3. Merely; only; without any- thing more. 4. Hardly; scarcely. 5. In a bare or naked manner; boldly; plainly. BARENECKED (bar'nekt), a. Having the neck bare. BARENESS (bar'nes), n. State of being bare; nakedness; scantiness; poverty. BARGAIN (bar 'gen), n. 1. Agreement. 2. Pur- chase. 3. Advantageous offer or purchase. 4. Article so offered or purchased. [L.L. barcania, traffic] BARGAIN (bar'gen), v. [pr.p. BAR'GAINING; p.t. and p.p. BARGAINED (bar'gend).] I. vt. Agree to buy or sell; barter; trade. II. vi. Make a bargain, or endeavor to do so; dicker; chaffer; higgle. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hgr; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, ls.h=ch in Scotch loch. BARGAIN-COUNTER 102 BAROMETRICALLY > BARGAIN-COUNTER (bar'gen-kown-ter), n. Counter on which goods are placed to be sold at reduced prices. BARGAIN-DAY (bar'gen-da), n. Particular day on which goods are offered for sale at reduced prices. BARGAINEE (bar-gen-e'), n. Party who agrees to accept the property which is the subject of the bargain. BARGAINER (bar'gen-er), n. Either party to a bargain. BARGAINOR (bar-gen-ar'), n. Law. One who sells to another, called the bargainee. BARGE (barj), n. 1. Flat-bottomed boat used in unloading large vessels. 2. Pleasure or state boat. [L. L. barca, boat.] BARGE3IAN (barj 'man), n. [pi. BARGE'MEN.] Manager of a barge. BARIC (bar'ik), a. Client. Containing barium. BARILLA (ba-ril'a), n. 1. Plant cultivated in Spain for its ashes, from which a superior kind of mineral alkali is obtained. 2. Alkali procured from this plant. [Sp.] BARITE (ba'rit), n. Min. Sulphate of barium, or heavy-spar. BARITONE (bar'i-ton), n. Same as BARYTONE. BARIUM (ba'ri-um), n. Chem. White malleable metal, which melts at red heat, and oxidizes in the air; it is the metallic base of baryta. BARK (bark), vi. [pr.p. BARKING; p.t. and p.p. BARKED (barkt).] 1. Make the short, abrupt, explosive sound which dogs do when they menace any animal or man, or are fol- lowing prey. 2. Clamor loudly against a per- son, institution, etc. 3. Vociferate the attrac- tions of a show at its entrance. [A. S. beorcan.] BARK (bark), n. Act of barking; sound made in barking; menacing cry of a dog, fox, wolf, or other animal. BARK (bark), n. 1. Rind or outer sheath en- veloping a tree. 2. Med. Peruvian bark. 3. Tanning. Epidermis of the oak, used in the preparation of leather. [A. S. beorgan, cover.] BARK (bark), v. [pr.p. BARKING; p.t. and p.p. BARKED (barkt).] I. vt. 1. Strip or peel the bark from. 2. Abrade or rub off, as the skin. 3. Tan with bark. II. vi. 1. Shed bark; as the shellbark hickory tree. 2. Advertise by shouting. BARK (bark), n. Naut. 1. Three- masted vessel with no square sails on her mizzen-mast. 2. Any small ship; barge. [Fr. barque.] BARKANTINE (bar'kan-ten), BARKEN TINE Bark - (bar'ken-ten), n. Naut. Bark in which the foremast is square-rigged, and the main-mast and mizzen-mast are schooner-rigged. BARKEEPER (bar'kep-er), n. Bartender. BARKER (bark'6r),n. 1. One who or that which barks. 2. Street crier who advertises wares or entertainments. 3. Stripper of bark of trees for medicinal or other purposes. BARKY (bark'i), a. Consisting of bark; possess- ing or containing bark; resembling bark. BARLEY (bar'li), n. Grain of various species, used for food, but chiefly for making malt. [A. S. bere, barley.] BARLEYCORN (bar'li-karn), n. 1. Grain of barley. 2. Measure of length, equal to the third of an inch. BARLEY-SUGAR (bar'li-shQg-ar), n. Sugar boiled with barley-water till brittle. BARLEY-WATER (bar'li-wa-ter), n . Cooling drink made by boiling pearl-barley In water. BARM (barm), n. Froth of fermenting beer or other liquor used as leaven; yeast. [A. S. beorma, yeast.] BARMY (barm'i), a. 1. Pertaining to barm or yeast; containing barm or yeast. 2. Acting like barm; effervescent; fermenting; frothy. BARN (barn), n. Storehouse for grain, hay, etc.; stable. [A. S. berern; from bere t barley, and ern, storehouse.] BARN (barn), vt. [pr.p. BARN'ING; p.t. and p.p. EARNED (barnd).] Store in a barn. BARNACLE (bar'na-kl), n. 1. Shell-fish, which adhere to the bottoms of ships, etc. 2. Per- sistent officeholder. 3. Kind of wild goose. [Etym. doubtful.] BARN-OWL (barn'owl), n. Mottled gray and brown owl frequenting barns and granaries. BARNSTORMER (barn'starm-er), n. Name given to itinerant actor visiting country towns where there is no regular theater. BAROGRAPH (bar o-graf), n. Automatic meteorological instrument for recording at- mospheric pressure. [Gr. baros, weight, and -GRAPH.] BAROGYROSCOPE (bar-o-ji'ro-skop), n. Gyro- scopic machine to demonstrate the rotary movements of the earth and planets. BAROLOGY (bar-ol'o-ji), n. Science of weight, pressure and gravity. BAR03IETER (ba-rom'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere. One form consists of a glass tube over 30 ins. long closed at one end, filled with mercury, and inverted in a cup of mercury. The vacuum formed at top of mercury column indicates the pressure. [Gr. baros, weight, and metron, measure.] BAROMETRIC (bar-6-met'rik), BAROMETRICAL (bar-6-met'rik- al), a. Pertaining to the barometer. BAROMETRICALL Y (bar-6-met'rik- al-1), adv. By means of baro- metric observation. A simple barometer. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh—ch in Scotch loch. BAROMETRY 103 BAH&IL3 BAROMETRY (ba-rom'e-tri), n. Art or process of using the barometer. BARON (bar'un), n. [fern. BAS'ONESS.] Mem- ber of an order of hereditary nobility ranking next after the counts in several countries of Europe. In England, baron is the lowest grade of rank in the House of Lords. [Fr., from L. L. baro, man, husband, baron.] BARONAGE (bar'un-aj), n. 1. Whole body of barons. 2. Position or rank of a baron. 3. Land or territory from which a baron derives his title. BARONESS (bar'un-es), n. 1. Wife or widow of a baron. 3. Woman who holds a baronetcy in her own right. BARONET (bar'un-et), n. Hereditary English title or degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight. BARONETAGE (bar'un-et-aj), «. 1. Whole order of baronets. 2. Rank, state, or position of a baronet. BARONETCY (bar'un-et-sl), it. [pi. BAR'ON- NETCIES.] Title or rank of a baronet. BARONIAL (ba-ro'ni-al), a. Pertaining to a baron, or to the order of barons. BARONY (bar'un-i), "n. [pi. BAR'ONIES.] 1. Rank or position of a baron. 2. Land or ter- ritory which gives title to a baron. BAROQUE (ba-rok'), a. Arch. Grotesque; fan- tastic; rococo. [Fr.] BAROSCOPE (bar'o-skop), n. Kind of barom- eter. [Gr. baros, weight, and skoped, view.] BAROTHERMOGRAPH (bar-o-ther'mo-graf), it. Recording instrument for both atmos- pheric temperature and pressure. BAROUCHE (ba-rosh'), n. Double-seated four- wheeled carriage with a falling top. [L. birotus, two-wheeled.] BARQUE (bark), n. Archaic spelling for BARK, a vessel. BARRACK (bar'ak), it. [Generally in pi.] Large building or other structure for the lodgment of soldiers, or for some similar purpose. [Fr. baroque.] BARRACOON (bar'a-kon), n. African fortified slave depot. [Sp. barraca, barrack.] BARRACOUTA (bar-a-ko'ta), n. Smooth- skinned shark-like fish found in tropical seas. [Sp. barracuta.] BARRAKAN (bar-ak-an'), n. Cloth made of camel's hair or Cashmere wool. [Ar. bar- rakan, camel's hair cloth. B ARRAS (bar 'as), n. Resinous gum of the tree Pinus maritima, which is the basis of Bur- gundy pitch. [Fr.] BARRATOR (bar'a-tiir), it. One who commits barratry; an encourager of litigation. [O. Fr. bar at, fraud.] BARRATROUS (bar'a-trus), a. Pertaining to barratry; involving the commission of bar- ratry. BARRATRY (bar'a-tri), n. [pi. BAR'RATRIES.] Law. 1. Practice of exciting or encouraging lawsuits. 2. Any kind of fraud by a ship- master or mariner, by which the owners, freighters, or insurers are injured. [Fr. bar- raterie; from O. Fr. bar at, fraud.] BARRED-OWL (bard'owl), n. Dark-brown American owl with cross breast-stripes. BARREL (bar'el), n. 1. Round oblong vessel, bulging in the middle, built of staves, girt with hoops and closed at both ends. 2. Quantity such a vessel will contain. In U. S. a wine barrel holds 31 gallons, a flour barrel 196 pounds. 3. Any similar thing, round, hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun. 4. Funds of any political party in the U. S. during a cam- paign. [L. L. barile, barrel.] BARREL (bar'el), vt. [pr.p. BARRELING; p.t. and p.p. BARRELED (bar'eld).] Put or pack in a barrel or barrels. BARRELED (bar'eld), a. In composition, hav- ing a barrel or barrels. BARREL CACTUS. Same as VIZNAGA. BARREL-HOUSE (bar 'el-hows), n. Low drink- ing place where beer and liquors are sold only from the barrel. BARREL-ORGAN (bar'el-ar-gan), n. Organ having cylinder with pegs or pins to open valves to produce music through admitting pipes. BARREL-PROCESS (bar'el-pros-es), n. Metal. Ore-refining and reduction with chemicals in a metal barrel or cylinder. BARREL-PUMP (bar'el-pump) , n. Pump specially constructed to remove fluids from barrels either by suction or by pressure. BARREN (bar'en), a. Sterile; unfruitful; un- proliflc; unproductive. [O. Fr. baralgne.] SYN. Unfertile; issueless; inoperative. ANT. Productive; prolific; fertile; fruitful; pregnant. BARREN (bar'en), it. Unproductive tract of land, as the pine barrens of South Carolina. BARRENLY (bar'en-li), adv. In a barren manner. BARRENNESS (bar'en-nes), n. Quality of be- ing barren. BARRICADE (bar'i-kad), BARRICADO (bar- i-ka'do), n. 1. Hastily formed rampart of casks, earth, trees, vehicles, etc., designed to impede the advance of a suddenly declared foe. 2. Any hastily constructed barrier. 3. Any bar or obstruction closing a passage. [Fr. from barrique, cask.] BARRICADE (bar'i-kad), vt. [pr.p. BARRI- CADING; p.t. and p.p. BARRICADED.] Ob- struct by means of a barricade. BARRICO (bar-re'ko), n. Keg or small barrel for wine. [Sp. barrico, little barrel.] BARRIER (bar'i-er), n. 1. Obstruction of any material kind erected to bar the progress of a person or thing, to constitute a boundary line, or for any other similar purpose. 2. Mentally formed obstacle, obstruction or hindrance. 3. Mentally formed boundary or limit. [Fr. barriere.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BARRIER-GATE 104 BASE ► STN. Stoppage; check; bar; wall; encumbrance; impediment. ANT. Aid; help; support; advance; relief. BARRIER-GATE (bar'i-er-gat), n. Outer gate of double gates in a walled city. BARRING (bar'ing), prep. Excepting. BARRING-OUT (bar-ing-owf), n. Exclusion, especially of a schoolmaster by pupils in sport, by locking or barricading the door. BARRISTER (bar'is-ter), n. In England, a member of the legal profession who has been admitted to practice at the bar; counselor-at- law; attorney-at-law; lawyer. [BAB, of which a barrister is a member.] BARROOM (bar'rom), n. Room where liquors are sold and drunk; dram-shop; saloon. BARROW (bar'6), n. 1. Frame of wood with two shafts or handles at each end, to be car- ried by two men; hand-barrow. 2. Small cart with one wheel placed in front, and handles in the rear; wheelbarrow. [A. S. berewe; from beran, bear.] BARROW (bar'6), n. Artificial mound or tu- mulus, of stones or earth, piled up over the remains of the dead. [A. S. beorgan, hide.] BARROW-TRUCK (bar'6-truk), n. Hand truck on two wheels used for handling baggage and merchandise. BAR-SHOE (bar'sho), n. Horseshoe bound with protecting bar at heel. BAR-SHOT (bar 'shot), n. Bar with a shot or ball at each end. BARTENDER (bar'tend-er), ». One whose business is to serve liquors at a bar. BARTER (bar'ter), v. [pr.p. BAB'TEBING; p.t. and p.p. BARTERED (bar'terd).] I. vt. Exchange, as one thing for another. II. vi. Traffic by exchange of commodities. [0. Fr. bareter.] BARTER (bar'ter), n. 1. Exchange of commod- ities. 2. Article given in exchange. BARTERER (bar'ter-er), n. One who barters. BARYCENTRIC (bar-i-sen'trik), o. Pertaining to the center of gravity. [Gr. barys, heavy, and kentrikos, of or from the center.] BARYTA (ba-ri'ta), n. Chem. An oxide of barium. [Gr. barytes, weight.] BARYTES (ba-ri'tez), n. Same as BABITE. BARYTIC (ba-rit'ik), a. Pertaining to, formed of, or containing barite or baryta. BARYTONE, BARITONE (bar'i-ton), I. a. Music. Having a register between bass and tenor. II. n. Music. 1. Male voice between a bass and a tenor. 2. One having such a voice. 3. Brass instrument having a deep, heavy tone. 4. Gr. Gram. Word not marked with an accent on the last syllable. [Gr. barys, heavy, and tonos, tone.] BASAL (ba'saD, «• Fundamental; pertaining to the base of anything; situated at, or spring- ing from, the base. Basalt formation. Fingal's Cave, Scotland. BASALT (ba- salt'), a. Hard, dark- colored rock of igneous origin. [L. ba- saltes, Ethio- pian marble.] BASALTIC (ba- salt'ik), a. Of or pertaining to basalt; con- taining basalt. BASANITE (bas'a-nlt), n. 1. Jeweler's touch- stone for testing precious metals with acids. 2. Lydian stone, a velvety black silicious or flinty jasper. 3. Basic volcanic rock, con- sisting essentially of auglte, nephelin, olivin, and plagioclase. [Gr. basanos, touchstone.] BAS-BLEU (ba-blii'), n. Literary lady; blue- stocking. [Fr.] BASCINET (bas'si-net), n. Light helmet worn by English infantry in olden times. So called from its similarity to a basin. [L. L. bacinetum, basin.] BASCULE (bas'ktil), I. n. Mechan. Balancing lever; any device or apparatus constructed on the principle of equilibration. II. a. Pertain- ing to or of the nature of a bascule, as a bascule bridge. [Fr. bascule, equilibration.] BASE (bas), a. 1. Pertaining to a base, as base hit, base line, etc. 2. Low in value; debased; spurious. 3. Low in origin, station or rank; mean. 4. Humble; abject. 5. Low in senti- ment, ideas, or morals; sordid; dishonorable; vile. 6. Music. Deep-toned or grave, usually written bass. [Fr. 60s; L.L. bassus, low.] SYN. Low; mean; sordid; dishonorable; vile; degraded; ignoble; debased; abject; worthless. ANT. Exalted; esteemed; noble; honorable; worthy. BASE (bas), n. 1. That on which a thing rests; foundation; support. 2. That end of any- thing which is broad and thick, as the base of a cone. 3. Place of starting, as in a race, game of baseball, etc.; any one of the four starting and stopping points on the diamond field in baseball. 4. Chem. That which with an acid unites to form a salt. 5. Mil. Basis or point from which an army operates and is supplied. 6. Music. Lowest or gravest part, whether vocal or instrumental. 7. Arch. Part of a column between the bottom of the shaft and the top of the pedestal. 8. Sculpt. Pedestal of a statue. 9. Fort. Exterior side of a polygon, or the imaginary line connecting the salient angles of two adjacent bastions. 10. Ordnance. Protuberant rear-portion of a gun, between the knot of the cascabel and the base-ring. 11. Zool. That portion of anything by which it is attached to anything else of higher value or signification. 12. Bot. That part of a leaf adjoining the leaf-stalk; that late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' mute, hut, burn, BASE 105 BASIS portion of a pericarp which adjoins the pedun- cle, or anything similarly situated. 13. Dye- ing. Substance used as a mordant. 14. Sports. Old English game, also called prisoner's base, 15. Trigonom. Same as BASE-LINE. [Gr. basis, stepping, base; from baino 9 go.] BASE (bas), vt. [pr.p. BA'SING; p.t. and p.p. BASED (bast).] 1. Set or place on its base. 2. Lay the base or foundation of; found; establish. BASEBALL (bas'bal), n. 1. Game played with bat and ball on a diamond field having four bases 2. Ball used in playing this game. BASE-BAR (bas 'bar), n. Her. Lower part of a shield. BASEBOARD (bas'bord), n. Arch. Board form- ing base of a wall in a room. BASEBORN (bas'barn), a. Born of low parent- age; vile; mean. BASE-BURNER (bas'burn-er), n. Stove In which the draft is from the top, causing the fuel to burn at the base. BASE-HIT (bas'hit), n. Baseball. Hit which enables the batsman to make first base. BASELESS (bas'les), a. 1. Without a base. 2. Groundless; unfounded. BASE-LEVEL (bas'lev-el), n. Lowest level to which a stream is capable of eroding the land, the height of its point of discharge preventing any deeper erosion. BASE-LINE (bas'lln), n. 1. Survey. Principal line, measured with the greatest precision, on which a triangle or a series of triangles may be constructed, whereby other positions may be determined. 2. Persp. Line drawn at the extremity of the principal visual ray, and perpendicular to it. BASELY (bas'li), adv. In a base manner. BASEMAN (bas'man), n. [pi. BASE'MEN.] Baseball. Player stationed at a base, first, second or third. BASEMENT (bas'ment), n. building; specifically, a below the main floor. BASENESS (bas'nes), base. BASE-PLATE (bas'plat), n. Bed or foundation plate of machinery, masonry or other heavy structure. BASE-RING (bas'ring), n. Molding on the breach of a cannon, between the base and the first reinforce. BASH (bash), vt. [pr.p. BASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BASHED (basht).] Annihilate by striking. BASHAW (ba-sha'), n. 1. Same as PASHA. 2. Haughty, overbearing, and tyrannical per- son. [Turk, bdsha.] BASHFUL (bash'fol), a. Easily abashed or con- fused; diffident. [From root of ABASH.] SYN. Shy; sheepish; coy; modest; re- tiring; timid; reserved. ANT. Bold; impu- dent, forward; egotistic, conceited; ostenta- tious; brazen. Lowest story of a sunken story; floor n. Quality of being BASHFULLY (bash'fQl-i), adv. In a bashful manner. BASHFULNESS (bash'fQl-nes), n. State or quality of being bashful. SYN. Shyness; diffidence; modesty; coy- ness; reserve. ANT. Assumption; bold- ness; arrogance; impudence; conceit; self- confidence. BASHI-BAZOUK (bash-i-ba-zok'), n. Turkish guerrilla or irregular soldier of any kind. [Turk.] BASIC (ba/sik), a. 1. Pertaining to or consti- tuting a base. 2. Chem. Having the base atomically greater than that of the acid or that of the related neutral salt. BASIFIER (ba'si-fi-er), n. Chem. That which basifles. BASIFY (ba'si-fi), vt. [pr.p. BA'SIFYING; p.t. and p.p. BASIFIED (ba/si-fld).] Chem. Con- vert into a base. BASIL (baz'il), n. Aromatic culinary herb, allied to thyme. [Gr. basilikos, royal.] BASIL (baz'il), n. Slope at the edge of a chisel, plane, etc.; bezel. BASIL (baz'il), n. Tanned sheepskin, used in bookbinding. [Etym. doubtful.] BASILAR (bas'i-lar), a. 1. Pertaining to the base of anything. 2. Anat. Pertaining to any portion of the frame which forms a basis for other portions. BASILIC (ba-sil'ik), a. 1. Arch. Pertaining to a basilica. 2. Anat. Pertaining to the basilic vein, the largest vein of the arm. [Gr. basili- kos, royal.] BASILICA (ba-sil'i-ka), n. 1. Arch. Oblong public building, furnished with double colon- nades or aisles. 2. In the Middle Ages, a large canopied tomb of an important person- age. [Gr. basilikos* royal.] BASILICAN (ba-sil'i-kan,, a. Basilic. BASILICON (ba-sil'i-kon), n. Ointment or salve, composed of yellow wax, black pitch, resin, and olive oil. [Gr. basilikos, royal.] BASILISK (baz'i-lisk), n. having a crest like a crown. 2. Kind of crested lizard (Bo- siliscus mitratus) .\ [Gr. basiliskosy dim. of basileus, king.] BASIN (ba'sn), n. 1. Open vessel in which to wash the face, Basilisk. hands, etc. 2. Anything of similar form. 3. Area drained by a river and its tributaries. 4. Dock. 5. Land-locked bay. 6. Concave metal by which convex glasses are formed. [Fr. bassin,.] BASINED (ba'snd), a. Enclosed in a basin. BASINET (bas'i-net), n. Same as BASCINET. BASIS (ba'sis), n. [pi. BASES (ba'sez).] 1. Foundation on which a thing rests. 2. Ground- 1. Fabulous serpent fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. BASK 106 BASTE ► work or first principle. 3. Chief ingredient. [Gr. basis, step, foot, foundation.] BASK (bask), v. [pr.p. BASK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BASKED (baskt).] I. vt. Place in the sun with the view of being warmed by its heat; expose (one's self) to warmth. II. vi. Luxuriate in warmth; lie in genial warmth; repose amid genial influences. [Ice. bathash, bathe one's self.] BASKET (bas'ket), n. 1. Vessel made of plaited twigs, rushes, or other flexible materials. 2. Basketful. 3. Fort, Gabion. 4. Basket- hilt. [Wei. basged.] BASKET-BALL (bas'ket-bal), n. Game played with a ball resembling a football, a basket being suspended at either end of the place in which the game is played, the object being to lodge the ball in the opponent's basket. BASKET-FISH (bas'ket-flsh), n. Species of starfish. BASKETFUL (bas'ket-fol), n. As much as will fill a basket. BASKET-HILT (bas'ket-hilt), n. Hilt of a sword, shaped somewhat like a basket, so as to con- tain the whole hand; basket-shaped guard at hilt of sword. BASKET-WORK (bas'ket- wurk), n. Work of plaited osiers or twigs; wicker-work. BASKING-SHARK (bask'ing-shark), n. Largest known shark ( Cetorhinus maximus), also called sail-fish and sun-fish from its habit of lying motionless on the surface of the water in the sun, and from the sail-like aspect of the high first dorsal fin. BASON (ba'sn), n. Iron felting furnace for hats. Basque (bask), i. a. ofor pertaining to the Basque race or language. II. n. 1, One of the Basque race, which once probably oc- cupied the whole Iberian peninsula, now dwelling partly in the S. W. corner of France, but mostly in the N. of Spain adjacent to the Pyrenees. 2. Bas- que language. [Fr.] BASQUE (bask), n. Jacket or dress-waist having a short skirt, worn by women, copied probably from the Basque costume. BAS-RELIEF (ba-re-lef), BASS-RELIEF (bas- re-lef), n. Sculpture in which the figures do not stand far out from the ground on which they are formed. [It. basso rilievo. See BASE, low, and RELIEF.] BASS (has), I. n. 1. Low or grave part in music. 2. One who sings bass, or instrument which plays the bass part, as ftass-drum, bass-horn, bass- viol. II. a. Low; deep; grave. [See BASE, low.] BASS (bas), n. [pi. BASS.] Food fish of several species. [A. S. bocst.] Basque. BASS (bas), n. American linden-tree. [A. S. bcest, linden-tree.] BASS-BAR (bas'bar), n. Music. Inner stay of violin to resist bridge pressure. BASS-CLARIONET (bas-klar'i-o-net), BASS- CLARINET (bas-klar'i-net), n. Clarionet pitched octave lower than the regular instru- ment. BASS-DRU31 (bas'drum), n. Drum of largest size with deep low tone. BASSET (bas'et), n. Card game somewhat similar to faro. [Fr. bassette; from L. bassas, low.] BASSET (bas'et), n. Short-legged sporting dog somewhat resembling the dachshund, but considerably larger, used in tracking deer, foxes, etc., and driving them out of coverts. [Fr.] BASSINET (bas'i-net), n. 1. Bascinet. 2. Cradle of wicker-work with a hood. [Fr.] BASSO (bas'so), n. 1. The bass in music. 2. One who sings bass. [It.] BASSOON (bas-son'), n. Reed wind instrument of bass note. [It. bassone, augmentative of basso, low.] BASSOONIST (bas-son'ist), n. Performer on the bassoon. BASSO-RILIEVO (bas-s6-re-lya'vo), n. Same as BAS-RELIEF. BASSORINE (bas'so-rin), n. Chem. Mucilage found in gum-tragacanth, which forms a jelly with water, but does not dissolve in it. [Bassora, Asiatic Turkey.] BASS-RELIEF (bas-re-lef), n. Same as BAS- RELIEF. BASS-VIOL (bas-vi'ul), n. Violin for playing bass; violoncello. BAST (bast), n. 1. Inner bark of the lime and other trees. 2. Rope or matting made of it. [A. S. boest, lime-tree.] BASTARD (bas'tard), I. n. One born out of wedlock. II. a. Illegitimate; spurious. [Fr. bdiard.] BASTARDIZE (bas'tard-iz), vt. [pr.p. BAS'- TARDIZING; p.t. and p.p. BASTARDIZED (bas'tard-izd).] Render illegitimate or ab- normal. BASTARDLY (bas'tard-li), I. adv. Like a bas- tard. II. a. Spurious; counterfeit; not really what it looks like or is called after. BASTARD TITLE (bas'tard ti'tl). Print. Abbre- viated title on a page preceding the full title- page of a book. BASTARD- WING (bas'tard-wing), n. Three or four quill-like feathers placed at a small joint in the middle of a bird's wing. BASTARDY (bas'tard-i), n. 1. State or con- dition of being a bastard. 2. Unlawful pater- nity. BASTE (bast), vt. [pr.p. BA'STING; p.t. and p.p. BA'STED.] Sew lightly or with long stitches. [O. Fr. bastir.] BASTE (bast), vt. [pr.p. BA'STING; p.t. and p.p. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, roit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. BASTE 107 BATON BA'STED.] Drip fat or anything similar over, as over meat while roasting. BASTE (bast), vt. [pr.p. BA'STING; p.t. and p.p. BA'STED.] Beat with a cudgel; thrash; flog; whip; beat. [Ice. beysta, beat.] BASTILE, BASTILLE (bas-tel'), n. 1. Parisian state-prison and fortress, demolished by the enraged populace in 1789. 2. [b-] Any prison. [O. Fr. bastille, fortress.] BASTINADE (bas-ti-nad'), BASTINADO (bas- ti-na'do), n. Beating with a stick; mode of punishment in the East by beating an offender on the soles of the feet. [Sp. bastonada; from baston, cudgel.] BASTINADO (bas-ti-na'do), vt. [pr.p. BAS- TINADOING; p.t. and p.p. BASTINA'DOED.] Inflict bastinado on; beat with a stick on the soles of the feet; cudgel. [Sp. baston, cudgel.] BASTION (bast'yun), n. Fort. Projecting mass of earth or masonry having two faces and two flanks. [Fr., from O. Fr. bastir, bind.] BASTON (bas'tun), n. Arch. Round molding in the base of a column. [Fr.] BASUTOLAND (ba-so'to-land), n. British colony in S. Africa. Area 10,293 sq. m. BAT (bat), n. 1. Club, or anything similar used to strike the ball in baseball or cricket. 2. One who handles the bat in a game of ball or cricket; batsman. 3. Batting. 4. Piece of brick used as a weapon; brickbat. [Celt, bat, from the root of BEAT.] BAT (bat), v. [pr.p. BAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. BATTED.] I. vt. Strike at or hit with a club or bat, as in baseball or cricket. II. vl. Use the bat in play- ing baseball or other game. BAT (bat), n. Flying mam- mal which feeds on in- sects, etc., gen- us Chiroptera. BATAVIA (ba-ta'vi-a) port Dutch East Indies, on Island of Java. BATCH (bach), n. Quantity of bread baked or anything made at one time. [From BAKE.] BATE (bat), v. [pr.p. BA'TING; p.t. and p.p. BA'TED.] I. vt. 1. Beat down or lower; diminish; abate. 2. Deduct. II. vi. 1. Be- come less; diminish. 2. Remit; retrench. — Bated breath, breath diminished by artificial restraint. [Abbrev. from ABATE.] BATEAU (ba-to'), n. [pi. BATEAUX (ba-toz').] Long light boat, wide in the middle as com- pared with the ends. [Fr.] BATEAU-BRIDGE (ba-to'brij), n. Floating bridge supported by bateaux; pontoon bridge. BAT-FISH (bat'flsh), n. Various species of fish with extra fins resembling a bat's wings. BAT-FOWLING (bat'fowl-ing), n. Mode of catching birds at night, by holding a light before a net, and beating the roost. Bat. n. Capital and sea- BATH(bath), n. [pi. BATHS (baffcz).] 1. Act of bathing; ablution. 2. Water or other liquid for bathing in. 3. House or other place for bath- ing. 4. Vessel holding a liquid to immerse anything in. 5. Chem. Substance to regulate or modify the degree of heat of a body Im- mersed in it. 6. Med. Any substance used as a medium for immersing the body, or any portion of It, for the maintenance or recovery of health or strength. The most common media are water of various temperatures, watery vapors, and air. 7. [B-] Her. Order of British nobility. [A. S. bath, bath.] BATHE (batfe), v. [pr.p. BA'THING; p.t. and p.p. BATHED (batfcd).] I. vt. 1. Wash or im- merse, as in a bath. 2. Med. Foment or moisten, as a wound for the purpose of cleans- ing and soothing it. II. vi. Enter or lie in the bath; take a bath. [A. S. badian, from bceth, bath.] BATHER (ba/tfter), n. One who bathes. BATHETIC (ba-thet'ik), o. Inclined to bathos. BATH-HOUSE (bath/hows), n. House where bathing conveniences are supplied; bathing establishment. BATHING (ba'tMng), n. Act of Immersing the body in water; ablution. BATHOLITE (bath'o-lit), n. Submarine ig- neous rock that never rises above the surface. BATHOMETER (bath-om'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring depths of the sea. BATHOS (ba'thos), n. Ludicrous descent from the elevated to the mean in writing or speech. [Gr. from bathys, deep.] BATHROBE (bath'rob), n. Loose robe worn just before and after bathing. BATHROOM (bath'rom), n. Room fitted with bathtub and other conveniences for bathing. BATHTUB (bath'tub), n. Large oblong vessel, convenient for bathing. BATHYBIUS (ba-thib'bi-us), n. Biol. Form- less mass of albuminous slime, found at the bottom of some parts of the deep sea, once thought to be abiogenetic protoplasm, but now held to be protoplasmic debris of the protozoa which sink to the bottom as they die and deposit this slimy material. [Gr. bathys, deep, and bios, life.] BATHYMETER (ba-thim'e-ter), n. Instrument for sounding the depths of the sea. [Gr. bathys, deep, and rnetron, measure.] BATISTE (ba-tesf), n. Extra-fine linen cam- bric or lawn. BATOIDEI (ba-toi'de-i), n.pl. Suborder of fishes including the rays. [Gr. batis, ray, and eidos, form.] BATON (bat'un, or Fr. ba-tang'), n. Short staff or rod, used as a symbol of authority, offensive weapon, or for giving directions, as the baton of one who conducts a musical enter- tainment. [Fr.] BATON (bat'un), vt. [pr.p. BATONING; p.U and p.p. BATONED (bat'und).l Cudgel; beat. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: mg, met, hSr; m'ite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BATRACHIA 108 BAUBLE > BATRACHIA (ba-tra'ki-a), n.pl. Order of amphibians, including frogs, toads and other reptiles. [Gr. batrachos, frog.] BATRACHIAN (ba-tra'ki-an), I. o. Pertaining to the Batrachia. II. n. An animal of this order. BATRACHITE (bat'ra-kit), n. Fossil batra- chian. BATRACHOID (bat'ra-koid), o. Haying the form of a frog. BATSMAN (bats'man), n. [pi. BATSMEN.] One who wields the bat, as in baseball, cricket, etc. BATTA (bat'a), n. Allowance, in addition to their pay, made to troops in India when in the field. [Hind.] BATTALIA (bat-ta'li-a), n. Order of battle; battle-array. [L. L. battalia, battle.] BATTALION (bat-tal'yun), n. Mil. 1. Body of troops. 2. Two or more companies from one regiment, or from several regiments, con- stituting a unit for maneuvers and instruction. 3. Any body of disciplined or drilled men, as a battalion of army engineers, battalion of firemen, battalion of policemen, etc. [Fr. bataillon; from L. L. battalia, battle.] BATTALIONED (bat-tal'yiind), c . Formed into battalions. BATTEL (bat'l), n. Old spelling for BATTLE. — Wager of battel, trial by single combat for the decision of causes between parties. BATTEN (bat'n), v. [pr.p. BATTENING; p.t. and p.p. BATTENED (bat'nd).] I. vt. 1. Fat- ten. 2. Fertilize or enrich. II. vi. 1. Grow fat. 2. Live in luxury. [Ice. batna, grow better.] BATTEN (bat'n), n. Narrow strip or slat of wood; cleat. [Fr. baton, baton.] BATTEN (bat'n), vt. [pr.p. BATTENING; p.t. and p.p. BATTENED (bat'nd).] Furnish or fasten with battens. BATTENING (bat'n-ing), n. 1. Act of attaching battens to walls for nailing up laths. 2. The battens thus attached. BATTER (bat'er), v. [pr.p. BATTERING; p.t. and p.p. BATTERED (bat'erd).] I. vt. 1. Beat with successive blows. 2. Wear with beating or use. 3. Mar; bruise; dent. II. vi. Pound away steadily and continuously. [Fr. battre, beat.] BATTER (bat'er), n. 1. Thin mixture of several Ingredients, as flour, eggs, milk, etc., beaten together. 2. Print. Types injured in a form or otherwise. [Fr. battre.] BATTER (bat'er), n. Backward slope in a wall to make the plumb-line fall within the base, as in railway cuttings, embankments, etc. BATTER (bat'er), n. Print. Bruise on the face of paged type or of a plate. BATTER (bat'er), n. Batsman. BATTER (bat'er), n. Ceram. Mallet used to flatten out lumps of clay. BATTERED (bat'erd), a. Having marks in- dicating that it has been subjected to blows; dented; bruised. BATTERER (bat'er-er), n. One who or that which batters. BATTERING-GUN (bat'er-ing-gun), n. Mil. Heavy gun to act against strong defensive works. BATTERING-RAM (bat'er-ing-ram), n. 1. Mil. Ancient military engine used to batter the walls of besieged places. 2. Blacksmith's heavy hammer, slung and worked horizon- tally. BATTERING-TRAIN (bat'er-ing-tran), n. Mil. Artillery train for siege operations. BATTERY (bat'er-i), n. [pi. BAT'TERIES.] 1. Number of cannon with their equipment. 2. Place on which cannon are mounted. 3. Men and horses attending a battery. 4. Elec. Ap- paratus for generating or storing electricity. 5. Unlawful beating or even touching of a per- son. 6. Catcher and pitcher of a baseball team. [Fr. batterie] BATTING (bating), n. 1. Cotton or wool in sheets, prepared for quilts, etc. 2. Wielding of a bat at play. BATTLE (bat'l), n. 1. Contest between opposing military or naval forces. 2. Any contest. [Fr. bataille.] SYN. Fight; encounter; combat; conflict; engagement; action; struggle; skirmish; bout; affair. ANT. Peace; truce; armistice. BATTLE (bat'l), vi. [pr.p. BATTLING; p.t. and p.p. BATTLED (bat'ld).] 1. Fight a battle; take part in a battle. 2. Contend in a conflict of any kind; contend; struggle; fight. BATTLE- AX, BATTLE-AXE (bat 1-aks), n. Ax formerly used in battle. BATTLEDORE (batl-ddr),n. Small racket, used in playing shuttle- cock. [Sp. balidor, beater.] BATTLE-FIELD (bat'1-feld), n. Extended area where a battle is fought. BATTLEMENT (bat'1-ment), n. Notched parapet, originally for defense, but now used on edi- fices for ornament. BATTLE-PIECE (bat'1-pes), n. 1. Picture rep- resenting a battle. 2. Musical composition imitative of battle. BATTLE-ROYAL (bat'1-roi-al), n. Fight in which more than two are engaged. BATTLE-SHIP (bat'1-ship), «. Warship of the largest class. BATTOLOGY (bat-tol'o-ji), n. Needless tau- tology. [Gr. battos, stammer, and logos, speech.] BAUBLE (ba'bl), n. 1. Piece of tinsel; gewgaw; child's plaything; something showy but of trifling value. 2. Short stick or wand, with a head having asses' ears carved at the end of it, carried by the court fools or jesters of former times. [O. Fr. baubel, child's toy.] Battle-ax. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, a=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. BAUXITE 109 BEAD BAUXITE (boz'ifc), n. Clayey hydrate of alumina. BAVARIA (ba-va/ri-a), n. State of German Empire. Area 29,262 sq. m. BAWD (bad), n. Procuress. [O. Fr. baude, bold.] BAWDILT (bad'i-li), adv. Obscenely; lewdly. BAWDINESS (bad'i-nes), n. Obscenity; lewd- ness; unchasteness. BAWDY (bad'i), a. Unchaste; lewd. BAWL (bal), v. [pr.p. BAWLING; p.t. and p.p. BAWLED (bald).] I. vi. 1. Emit a loud sound with the voice; shout. 2. Cry loudly, as a child. II. vt. 1. Clamor against. 2. Pro- claim with a loud voice. [Ice. baula, low or bellow, as a cow.] BAWL (bal), n. Loud cry, wail, or shout. BAWLER (bal'er), n . One who bawls. BAT (ba), v. [pr.p. BAYING; p.t. and p.p. BAYED (bad).] I. vt. 1. Bark at; pursue with barking. 2. So to chase as to bring to a stand. II. vi. Bark, as a dog in hunting. [O. Fr. bayer, bark.] BAT (ba), n. 1. Bark of a dog, as when follow- ing game; barking. 2. State or condition of being compelled to turn upon pursuers from an inability to escape. — Keep at bay, ward off an attack, or keep an enemy from closing In; keep on one's guard. [O. Fr. abai, barking; from bayer, bark.] BAT (ba), n. 1. Recess of the shore. 2. Recess or opening in walls. 3. Roadstead. 4. Mill- pond. 5. Naut. That part on each side between decks which lies between the bitts. [Fr. bale — L. baia, harbor.] BAT (ba), I. a. Reddish-brown, inclining to chestnut. II. n. Bay horse. [Fr. bai — L. badius, chestnut-colored.] BAT (ba), n. 1. Laurel-tree. 2. [pi.] Honorary crown or garland of victory, originally of laurel. 3. [pi.] Literary renown. [Fr. bale, berry.] BATBERRT (ba'ber-i), n. 1. Berry of the bay or laurel-tree; laurel-tree. 2. Berry of the wax-myrtle or the plant itself. BATONET (ba'o-net), n. Dagger-like weapon attached to the muzzle of a rifle or other similar firearm. [Fr. baionette; from Bayonne. in France, where first made.] BATONET (ba'o-net), vt. [pr.p. BAY'ONETING; p.t. and p.p. BAYONETED.] 1. Stab with the bayonet. 2. Charge with the bayonet; compel by hostile exhibition of the bayonet. BAYOU (bi'o), n. Sluggish inlet or outlet of a swamp near the sea; outlet of a gulf or lake. [Am. Ind.] BATREUTH (bi'roit), n. 1. Section of Bavaria. 2. City of Bavaria, site of the celebrated Wag- ner theater. BAT-RUM (ba-rum'), n. Aromatic liquid ob- tained by distilling rum in which leaves of the bayberry have been steeped. BATS (baz), n.pl. See BAY, laurel-tree. BAY-TREE (ba'tre), n. 1. The bay (Laurus nobilis). 2. Laurel magnolia {Magnolia glaucd). 3. California laurel (Umbellularia calif ornica). BAY-WINDOW (ba-wln'dd), n. Arch. Window structure projecting beyond the line of a building and forming a recess in a room. BAY-WOOD (ba'wod), n. Kind of coarse ma- hogany from the West Indies. BAZAR, BAZAAR (ba-zar'), n. 1. Eastern market-place or exchange. 2. Establishment for selling various kinds of fancy goods; fair for the sale of such goods for a benevolent object. [Pers. bdzdr, market.] BDELLID^ (del'i-de), n.pl. Family of spiders, having their bodies divided by a constriction, and living among damp moss. [Gr. bdella 9 leech.] BDELLIUM (del'i-um), n. 1. Unknown sub- stance alluded to in the Bible (Gen. 11. 12). 2. Aromatic gum-resin, produced by a tree in Arabia and the East Indies. [L., from Gr. bdellion.] BE (be), vi. [pr.p. BE'ING; p.t. WAS (woz), WAST (wozt), WERE (wer); p.p. BEEN (bin).] 1. Exist. 2. Take place. 3. In most cases the verb be serves merely as copula between subject and predicate. [A. S. bean, be.] SYN. Subsist; live; stand; occur; arise; appear. ANT. Vanish; fade; dissolve; perish; disappear. BE-, prefix. 1. Signifies by, about, as in beside, befog. 2. In begin, behold, etc., it has lost its meaning. [A. S. bi=by.] BEACH (bSch), n. Sandy sloping shore of sea or lake. [Etym. doubtful, probably from Ice. bakki, bank.] BEACH (bech), v. [pr.p. BEACH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEACHED (becht).] I. vt. Run, drag, or drive upon a beach. II. vi. Be driven on a beach-strand. BEACHCOMBER (bech'kom-er), n. Frequent- er of docks and wharves, waiting for work. BEACHED (becht), a. 1. Having a beach. 2. Driven or dragged on a beach. BEACON (be'kn), n. 1. Fire on an eminence used as a sign of danger. 2. Warning or guiding signal of any nature. [A. S. been, sign.] BEACON (be'kn), v. [pr.p. BEA'CONING; p.U and p.p. BEACONED (be'knd).] I. vt. 1. Light up with, or as with, a beacon. 2. Furnish with a beacon. II. vi. Serve as a beacon; afford light. BEACONAGE (be'kn-aj), n. Money paid for the maintenance of a beacon. BEAD (bed), n. 1. Small globe pierced for string- ing and forming into necklaces, rosaries, etc. 2. Anything resembling a bead, as front sight on a gun, bubbles floating on the surface of liquors or appearing at- the sides of the glass containing them. 3. Arch. Small bead-like rim planed on edges of planks, or other mate- rials at joints. [A. S. bed, gebed, prayer.] BEAD (bed), v. [pr.p. BEAD'ING; p.t. and p.p. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. BEADED 110 BEAR > Ornamental hound. Beagle. 1. Having a beak. 2. Beak- BEAD'ED.] I. vt. Decorate with beads or beading. II. vi. 1. Form a string of beads. 2. Form in beads or bubbles. BEADED (bed'ed), a. Decorated with beads; having beads or the appearance of beads. BEADING (bed'ing), n. 1. Beads collectively. 2. Beaded fabrics. 3. Substance to form beads, as on liquors. 4. Arch. Beaded mold- ing. BEADING-PLANE (bed'ing-plan), n. Carpen- ter's plane used for beading wood for mold- ings. BEADLE (be'dl), n. 1. Messenger or crier of a court. 2. Petty officer of a church, parish, college, etc. [A. S. bydel — beodan, proclaim, bid.] BEAD-ROLL (bed'rol), n. 1. List of persons to be prayed for. 2. Any list. BEAD-WORK (bed'wurk), work in beads. BEADT (bed'i), a. 1. Bead-shaped; like a bead or beads. 2. Ornamented with beads. 3. Having a bead, as wine. BEAGLE (be'gl), n. Small hunting [Etym. doubtful.] BEAK (bek),n. Bill of a bird; any- thing pointed or projecting. [Fr. bee, beak.] BEAKED (bekt), a. like. BEAKER (bek'er), n. Large drinking-bowl or goblet. [Gr. bikos, wine-vessel.] BEAM (bem), n. 1. Large and straight piece of timber or iron forming one of the main sup- ports of a building, ship, etc. 2. Part of a bal- ance from which the scales hang. 3. Board on which hides are dressed. 4. Greatest width of a ship. 5. Part on the head of a stag which bears the antlers. 6. Pole of a carriage. 7. Main part of a plow. 8. Cylinder on which weavers wind the warp. 9. Shank of an anchor. 10. Ray of light. [A. S. beam, tree.] BEA3I (bem), v. [pr.p. BEAMING; p.*. and p.p. BEAMED (bemd).] I. vt. Send forth; emit. II. vi. Send forth rays, as of light; shine forth. BEAM-ENGINE (bem'en-jin), n. Engine hav- ing piston act on a balanced beam instead of on a crank. BEAMING (bem'ing), I. a. Sending forth beams; shining; radiant; bright; cheerful. II. n. 1. State or quality of emitting beams. 2. Weav- ing. Operation of winding yarn upon the beam of a loom. BEAMY (bem'i), a. 1. Emitting beams; shining; radiant. 2. Having the massiveness or weight of abeam; massive; heavy. 3. Having antlers. BEAN (ben), n. Well-known cultivated legu- minous plant and its edible seed. [A. S.] BEAN-CAKE (ben'kak), n. Compressed beans from which the oil has been extracted and used as a fertilizer. BEAR (bar), v. [pr.p. BEAR'ING; p.t. BORE (bor); p.p. BORNE (born) — when meaning "brought forth" the p.p. is BORN (barn).] I. vt. 1. Carry. 2. Support. 3. Wear. 4. Suffer. 5. Endure. 6. Behave. 7. Cherish. 8. Ad- mit of. 9. Possess and use, as power. 10. Exhibit; display. 11. Press or thrust. 12. Be answerable for. 13. Have inscribed upon. 14. Direct or manage. 15. Bring forth; give birth to; produce. II. vi. 1. Press; lean. 2. Take effect. 3. Be pertinent. 4. Be patient; endure. 5. Suffer. 6. Move one's self; go. 7. Naut. Be situated as to the point of the compass, with regard to another object. 8. Take a certain direction or course. 9. Be able to support or sustain. 10. Be fruitful; produce. [A. S. beran, bear.] SYN. Weigh; convey; transport; carry; uphold; sustain; support; maintain; en- dure; undergo; brook; tolerate; suffer; cherish; entertain; harbor; admit; exhibit; show; produce; yield; beget. ANT. Drop; refuse; resign; expel; eject; resent; fail. BEAR (bar), n. 1. Plantigrade omnivorous quad- ruped belonging to the genus Ursus, char- acterized by a large and heavy body, long shaggy hair, heavy limbs and non-retractile claws, which are hooked and well adapted for burrowing and tree-climbing. Among the best known species are the brown bear of Europe {Ursus arctos), the polar bear {Ursus maritimus), the black bear {Ursus ameri- canus), and the grizzly bear {Ursus horribilis), found chiefly on the Rocky Mountains. 2. Person who is rough and ill-mannered. 3. Astron. Either of two constellations, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, called respectively the Great Bear and the Little Bear. 4. Stock Ex. One who endeavors or desires to depress or "squeeze" the market. 5. Naut. Block, shaggy below with matting, used to scrub the decks of vessels. 6. Name given by Eng- lish-speaking Australi- ans to the koala, a tree- climbing marsupial (Phascolarctus cinereus) which looks like a bear. 7. Mass of malleable iron left in iron furnace after blast. [A. S. bera; Ice. bera; Ger. bar. Per- haps ultimate- ly L. fera, wild beast.] BEAR (bar), vt. fpr.p. BEAR'- ING; p.t. and p.p press the price of, the stock exchange. Grizzly Bear {Ursus horribilis). BEARED (bard),] De- as by "selling short" on fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me\ met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. BEARABLE 111 BEAUTIFUL BEARABLE (bar'a-bl), a. Capable of being borne; endurable. BEARABLY (bar'a-bli), adv. In a bearable manner; In a manner to be endured; en- durably. BEARD (herd), «. 1. Hair that grows on a man's chin and adjacent parts of face. 2. Anything of an analogous nature, as awn of grass, wheat, etc. ; barb of an arrow, fish-hook, etc., gills of an oyster, clam, etc.; tail of a comet. — Gray heard, literally, a beard that is gray, and figuratively, an old man. [A. S.] BEARD (berd), vt. [pr.p. BEARDING; p.t. and p.p. BEABD'ED.] 1. Take or pluck by the beard. 2. Defy; oppose to the face; affront. BEARDED (berd'ed), a. Having a beard. BEARDLESS (berd'les), a. Without beard or hair on the face. BEARER (bar'er), n. One who or that which bears, carries, or produces. BEAR-GARDEN (bar 'gar-den), n. 1. Place where bears are kept or exhibited. 2. Dis- orderly assembly; any scene of tumult. BEARING (bar'ing), n. 1. Behavior; deport- ment. 2. Relation; connection. 3. Carrying, supporting, producing, etc. 4. Part of an axle, shaft, etc., in contact with the collar or boxing. — Ball bearing, bearing that turns on small steel balls. — Searing rein, rein attached to the bit and looped over the check-hook, used for making a horse hold his head up. BEARINGS (bar'ingz), n.pl. Naut. 1. Widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer. 2. Observations as to the direction by the com- pass in which an object lies from the vessel, or the direction thus ascertained. BEARISH (bar'ish), a. 1. Like a bear; rough; surly. 2. Favorable to the bears ; with prices tending downwards. BEAR'S-BREACH (barz'brech), n. Bot. Spe- cies of acanthus (A. spinosus). BEAR'S-EAR (barz'er), n. BoU Species of primrose (Primula Auricula). BEAR'S-FOOT (barz'fpt), n. Bot. The fetid hellebore (Helleborus fcetidus). BEARSKIN (bar'skin), n. 1. Skin of a bear. 2. Cap made of bearskin. 3. Kind of shaggy cloth used for overcoats. BEAST (best), n. 1. Any animal, excepting man. 2. Vertebrate animal, excepting birds and fishes. 3. Beastly person. [L. bestiaJ] BEASTLINESS (best'li-nes), n. State or quality of being beastly. BEASTLY (best'li), a. 1. Resembling a beast in form, nature or behavior; coarse; brutal; filthy. 2. Abominable. BEAT (bet), v. [pr.p. BEAT'ING; p.t. BEAT; p.p. BEAT'EN or BEAT.] I. vt. 1. Strike or dash repeatedly against. 2. Strike, as bushes, to rouse game. 3. Mix or agitate by beating. 4. Vanquish; outdo; baffle; get the advan- tage of. 5. Inflict blows upon; pommel. 6. Cheat by deceit; overreach. 7. Hammer into form. 8. Signal by strokes, as beat time, beat an alarm. 9. Tread, as a path. II. vi. 1. Give strokes repeatedly. 2. Dash with force. 3. Pulsate. 4. Naut. Make way against the wind by tacking to and fro. 5. Give forth the sound of a drum being beaten. 6. Mil. Signal by making a series of strokes on a drum. [A. S. be&ten. See BAT.] SYN. Strike; hit; knock; belabor; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; hammer; force; pound; bruise; batter; overcome; surpass; worst. ANT. Defend; protect; shield; surrender; pat; stroke; caress. BEAT (bet), n. 1. Stroke or blow. 2. Recurring stroke, or its sound, as of a watch or pulse. 3. Round or course, as a policeman's beat. 4. Regularly recurring movement, as the rise and fall of the hand or foot in regulating time. 5. One who lives by shifts and tricks; dead- beat. (Colloq.) BEAT (bet), o. Exhausted with exertion. (Colloq.) BEATEN (bSt'en), a. 1. Defeated; vanquished. 2. Trodden into a path; hence hackneyed; trite; common. 3. Hammered. 4. Fatigued. BEATER (bet'er), n. One who or that which beats. BEATIFIC (be-a-tif'ik), BEATIFICAL (be-a-tif- ik-al), a. Making supremely happy. BEATIFICATION (be-at-i-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of beatifying. 2. Declaration by the pope that a person is blessed in heaven. BEATIFY (be-at'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. BEAT'DJYING; p.t. and p.p. BEATIFIED (be-at'1-fid).] 1. Make blessed or happy. 2. Bless with eternal happiness in heaven. [L. beatus, blessed, and facio, make.] BEATITUDE (be-at'i-tud), n. 1. Heavenly hap- piness, or happiness of the highest kind. 2. [pi.] The sayings of Christ in Matt, v., declaring the possessors of certain virtues to be blessed. BEAU (bo), n. [pi. BEAUS or BEAUX (boz).] 1. Man studious of fashion and fond of dress. 2. Suitor or escort to a lady; a lover. [Fr. beau, fine.] BEAU-IDEAL (bo-I-de'al), n. Ideal standard of perfection. [Fr.] BEAUISH (bo'ish), a. Like a beau; foppish. BEAU MONDE (bo-mangd') . Fashionable world. [Fr.] BEAUTEOUS (bu'te-us), a. Full of beauty; beautiful. BEAUTEOUSLY (bu'te-us-li), adv. In a beau- teous manner. BEAUTEOUSNESS (bti'te-us-nes), n. Quality of being beauteous. BEAUTIFIER (bu'ti-fi-er), n. One who or that which beautifies. BEAUTIFUL (bu'ti-fol), a. Having conspic- uous beauty; excelling in what is naturally, personally, or artistically exquisite or fair. — The beautiful, that which constitutes beauty. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ls.h=ch in Scotch loch. BEAUTIFULLY 112 BECQUEREL RATS > SYN. Handsome; lovely; pretty; fair; fine; graceful; charming; bewitching; de- lightful; exquisite; beauteous; attractive; comely. ANT. Homely; ugly; unlovely; unattractive; horrid; hideous; unsightly; deformed. BEAUTIFULLY (bu'ti-fol-I), adv. In a beau- tiful manner. BEAUTIFULNESS (bu'ti-fol-nes), n. Quality of being beautiful. BEAUTIFY (bu'ti-fl), v. [pr.p. BEAU'TIFYING; p.U and p.p. BEAUTIFIED (bu'ti-fid).] I. vt. Make beautiful; render more beautiful. II. vi. Become beautiful; grow more beautiful. SYN. Adorn; embellish; decorate; orna- ment; deck; garnish. ANT. Disfigure; deform; mar; stain; deface; spoil. BEAUTY (bu'ti), n. [pi. BEAU'TIES.] 1. That quality or assemblage of qualities in an object which gives esthetic pleasure to the eye. 2. That quality or assemblage of quali- ties in a sound which is pleasing to the ear. 3. That characteristic in any object or in any abstract conception which gratifies the Intellect. 4. Esthetic faculty. 5. Object attractive to the eye, to the ear, or to the love of order, symmetry, and grace existing in the mind. 6. Beautiful person, especially, a beau- tiful woman. [Fr. beaute.] BEAUTY-SPOT (bu'ti-spot), n. 1. Patch or spot put on the face by way of foil to heighten beauty. 2. Naevus or mole. BEAUTY-WASH (bu'ti-wosh), n. Wash de- signed to increase or preserve beauty. BEAUX (boz), n. Plural of BEAU. BEAVER (be'ver), n. Part of a helmet which covers the face, and is movable up and down. [O. Fr. baviere, a child's bib.] BEAVER (be'ver), n. 1. Amphibious quadruped valuable for Its fur. 2. Fur of the beaver. 3. Hat made of the beaver's fur. 4. Heavy-milled wool- en cloth, sometimes felted, used for making overcoats, hats, etc. [A. S. befer.] BEBEERIN (be-be'rin), n. An alkaloid having the properties of quinine, obtained from the bebeeru-tree of British Guiana. BEBEERU (be-be'ro), n. Medicinal tree of South America (Nectandra Rodioei), from whose bark beeberin is extracted. BECALM (be-kam'), vt. [pr.p. BECALM'ING; p.U and p.p. BECALMED (be-kamd').] 1. Make calm, still or quiet. 2. Naut. Deprive of wind; cause to lie motionless by the stilling of the wind. BECAME (be-kam'), v. Past tense of BECOME. BECAUSE (be-kaz'), L adv. By reason (of). II. eonj. For the reason that. [BY and CAUSE.] Beaver (Castor fiber). SYN. Owing; consequently; accordingly; for; since; inasmuch as. ANT. Irrespect- ively; independently. BECHAMEL (ba-sham-el'), n. White cream sauce used in cooking. [Fr.] BECHANCE (be-chans'), v. [pr.p. BECHAN'- CING, p.U and p.p. BECHANCED (be-chanst').] I. vt. Chance to; happen to. II. vi. Befall; happen. BECHAR3I (be-charm'), vt. [pr.p. BECHARM'- ING; p.U and p.p. BECHARMED (be-charmd).] Charm; captivate. BECHE-DE-MER (bash'de-mar'), n. Trepang, when dried in the sun; edible sea slug. [Fr.] BECHUAN ALAND (bech-o-a'na-land), n. Brit- ish protectorate In S. Africa. Area 213,000 sq. m. BECK (bek), n. Nod or other sign expressing command or wish. — To be at one's beck, to be entirely at his service or disposal. [Con- traction of BECKON.] BECK (bek), v. [pr.p. BECK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BECKED (bekt).] I. vt. Nod or make a sign to; beckon to. II. vi. Make a signal with the head or hand; beckon. BECKELITE (bek'el-it), n. Magnesium silicate of yellow color. BECKET (bek'et), n. Naut. Any device used to confine loose ropes, tackles or spars, as a large hook, a rope with an eye at one end. BECKON (bek'un), v. [pr.p. BECK'ONING, p.U and p.p. BECKONED (bek'und).] I. vt. Summon or signal to by means of a nod, mo- tion of the hand, etc. II. vi. Make a signal by nodding, or by a motion of the hand, etc. BECKONER (bek'un-er), n. One that beckons. BECLOUD (be-klowd'), vt. [pr.p. BECLOUD'- ING; p.U and p.p. BECLOUDED.] Cover, as with a cloud; obscure. BECOME (be-kum'), v. [pr.p. BECOMING; p.U BECAME (be-kam'), p.p. BECOME'.] I. vt. Suit; befit; accord with. II. vi. 1. Pass from one state to another; come to be. 2. Be the fate or end (of). [A. S. becuman, happen.] BECOMING (be-kum'lng), a. Suitable (to); In keeping (with). SYN. Fit; suitable; proper; appropriate; congruous; seemly; decorous; comely; graceful; pretty. ANT. Unseemly; unbe- coming; unsuitable; incongruous; inap- propriate. BECOMING (be-kum'ing), n. That which is befitting, suitable, proper, in harmony with, or graceful. BECOMINGLY (be-kum'ing-li), adv. In a be- coming manner. BECOMINGNESS (be-kum'ing-nes), n. Quality of being becoming. BECQUEREL RAYS (bek-rel'raz). Peculiar luminous rays emitted by the compounds of uranium, having properties similar to those of cathodic and also of Roentgen rays. [Named fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, BED 113 BEDTICK from their discoverer, Henri Becquerel, Fr. physicist.] BED (bed), n. 1. Anything designed for sleeping on or in. 2. That in which anything lies or is imbedded; channel of a river; garden plot. 3. Anything likened to a bed; layer or stratum; level mass, as a bed of molten lava. [A. S.] BED (bed), vt. [pr.p. BED'DING; p.t. and p.p. BED'DED.] 1 Arrange, as plants, in a bed. 2. Set, as masonry or machinery. BEDABBLE (be-dabl), vt. {pr.p. BEDAB'- BLING; p.t. and p.p. BEDABBLED (be-dabld).] Sprinkle over or splash with; dabble. BEDAGGLE (be-dagl), vt.[pr.p. BEDAG'GLING; p.t. and p.p. BEDAG'GLED.] Same as BE- DRAGGLE. BEDASH (be-dash'), vt. [pr.p. BEDASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEDASHED (be-dasht').l Be- spatter. BEDAUB (be-dab'), vt. [pr.p. BEDAIJB'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEDAUBED (be-dawbd').] Daub over; besmear. BEDAZZLE (be-dazl), vt. [pr.p. BEDAZ'ZLING; p.t. and p.p. BEDAZZLED (be-dazld).] Con- fuse; bewilder; dazzle. BEDBUG (bed'bug), n. Troublesome blood- sucking, wingless bug (Cimex lectularius) , infesting timber, houses, and especially beds. BEDCHAMBER (bed'cham-ber), n. Chamber for or containing a bed or beds. BEDCLOTHES (bed'clotftz), n. pi. Coverlet, blankets, sheets, etc., for a bed. BEDDED (bed'ed), a. Arranged with flower beds. BEDDING (bed'ing), n. 1. Bed with the bed- clothes upon it; furnishings for a bed. 2. Litter for animals to lie upon. 3. Mechan. Supporting base on which a boiler or anything similar rests. 4. Geol. Stratification, or the line or plane of stratification. BEDECK (be-dekO, vt. [pr.p. BEDECK ' IN G ; p.t. and p.p. BEDECKED (be-dekt').] Deck out; adorn. BEDEGUAB (bed'e-gar), n. Excrescence found on rose-bushes, produced by certain insects for their eggs. [Fr.] BEDEVIL (be-dev'l), vt. [pr.p. BEDEVILING; p.t. and p.p. BEDEVILED (be-devld).] . 1. Throw into a state of disorder or confusion. 2. Bother vexatiously. 3. Destroy or render un- fit for use. BEDEVILMENT (be-dev'1-ment), n. State of being in vexatious disorder, or of being be- deviled. BEDEW (be-du'), vt. [pr.p. BEDEWING; p.t. and p.p. BEDEWED (be-dud').] Moisten gen- tly as with dew. BEDFAST (bed'fast), a. Confined to bed; bedridden. BEDFELLOW (bed'fel-6), n. One who occupies the same bed with another. BeDFORDSTONE (bed'furd-ston), n. Lime- stone from Bedford, Indiana. Bedouin. BED-GOWN (bed'gown), n. Nightgown. BEDIGHT (be-dif), vt. [pr.p. BEDIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEDIGHT'ED.] Adorn or bedeck. BEDIM (be-dim')» vt. [pr.p. BEDIM'MING; p.t. and p.p. BEBIMMED (be-dimd').] Make dim or obscure. BEDIZEN (be-diz'n), vt. [pr.p. BEDIZ'ENING; p.t. and p.p. BEDIZENED (be-diz'nd).] Deck out; clothe gaudily. BEDLAM (bedlam), n. 1. Place of uproar; scene of wild tumult. 2. Insane asylum; madhouse. [Bedlam (corruption of Bethle- hem), a madhouse in London.] BEDLAMITE (bedlam-It), n. Lunatic. BEDLAMIZE (bedlam-iz), vt. [pr.p. BED'LAM- IZING; p.t. and p.p. BED'LAMIZED.] Bender crazy. Bedouin (bed'o-in), n. Arab of the nomad type. [Fr. from Ar. hadawln, dwellers In the desert.] BEDPAN (bed'pan), n. Utensil for the use of in- valids in bed. BEDPIECE (bed'pes), n. Engraver's matrix plate from which other plates are made. BEDPLATE (bed'plat), n. Plate forming foundation for machinery or heavy masonry. BEDPOST (bed'pdst), n. Corner pillar support of a bed. BED-QUILT (bed'kwilt), n. Thick outer cover- ing of a bed; counterpane. BEDRAGGLE (be-dragl), vt. [pr.p. BEDRAG- GLING; p.t. and p.p. BEDRAGGLED (be-dragld).] Draggle; soil, as clothes by allowing them to trail in the mire. BEDRENCH (be-drench'), vt. [pr.p. BEDRENCH' ING; p.t. and p.p. BEDRENCHED (be- drencht').] Saturate; drench. BEDRID (bed'rid), BEDRIDDEN (bed'rid-n), a. Confined to the bed by age or infirmity. BED-ROCK (bed'rok), n. Geol. Stratum that underlies the mineral-bearing rock or soil. BEDROOM (bed'rom), n. Room designed for the accommodation of a bed, to be occupied during the night; sleeping-room. BEDSIDE (bed'sid), «. Side of a bed. BEDSITE (bed'sit), n. Place selected for laying foundation. BEDSORE ((bed'sor), n. Sore produced by long lying in bed. BEDSPREAD (bed'spred), n. Counterpane or quilt used as outer bed covering. BEDSTEAD (bed'sted), n. Frame for supporting a bed. BEDSTONE (bed'ston), n. Lowest foundation stone used as a base support. BEDTICK (bed'tik), n. Case, or tick, to hold the feathers or other materials of a mattress. fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh= Time for retiring Direction Working Bee. BEDTIME (bed'tim), n. to bed. BED-WAY (bed'wa), n. Mining. towards mother lode or vein. BEE (be), ». 1. Four- winged insect that gathers honey. 2. Gath- ering of neighbors to help along some work or engage in some pleas- urable contest, as a husk- ing bee, or a spelling bee. BEE-BREAD (be'bred), n. Pollen of flowers collected by bees, as food for their young. BEECH (bech), n. Well-known forest tree, with a smooth bark, and producing triangular edible nuts. [A. S. bece.1 BEECHEN (bech'en), a. Pertaining to the beech; made of the wood of the beech. BEECHNUT (bech'nut), n. Nut of the beech. BEE-EATER (be'et-er), n. OrnitJi. Bright-hued, small bird (Merops apiaster), that lives on Insects, principally bees. BEEF (bef), w. 1. Flesh of an ox, cow, or other adult bovine animal. 2. [pi. BEEVES (bevz).] Ox or cow, regarded as fit for food. [Fr. baeuf, It. hove — L. bos, bovis, ox.] BEEF-CATTLE (bef'kat-1), n. Cattle used as beef in contradistinction from dairy cattle. BEEF-EATER (bef'et-er), n. 1. Yeoman of the royal English guard. 2. One who eats beef; an Englishman, so called by the French. 3. Bluebottle fly. BEEF-EXTRACT (bef'eks-trakt), n. Concen- trated essence of the juices of beef. BEEFSTEAK (bef'stak), n. Slice of beef for broiling, frying, etc. BEE-GUM (be'gum), n. Gum tree in which bees hive. BEEHIVE (be'hiv), n. Hive or home for bees. BEE-LINE (be'lin), n. Straight course, as that of a bee making for its hive. BEELZEBUB (be-el'ze-bub), n. I. An idol of the Moabites or Syrians. 2. Chief of the evil spirits. 3. Any person of diabolical nature. [Heb. ba alzebub, god of flies.] BEE-MOTH (be'niath), n. Moth whose larvae live on beeswax. BEEN (bin), v. Past participle of BE. BEER (ber), n. Liquor made by fermentation from malted barley and hops; the name is also given to other beverages not fermented, as spruce beer, root beer, etc. [A. S. beor.] BEERY(ber'i),a. 1. Pertaining to beer. 2. Beer- stained. 3. Beer-besotted. BEESTINGS (best'ings), n. First milk given by a cow after calving. [A. S. bystlna.] BEESWAX (bez'waks), n. Substance used by bees in constructing their combs. BEESWING (bez'wing), n. Fine filmy deposit in old port wine. Sugar Beet. Jut out or i. Having BEET (bet), n. 1. Well-known plant, the different species of which furnish food for man, or for cattle, or furnish sugar. 3. Root of the plant. [A. S. bete.] BEETLE (be'tl), n. Insect with hard, shelly wing-cases. — Col- orado beetle, potato-bug. [A. S. bitel; from biten, bite.] BEETLE (be'tl), n. Heavy wood- en mallet. [A. S. bytel.] BEETLE (be'tl), v. [pr.p. BEE'- TLING;p.f. and p.p. BEETLED (be'tld). I. vt. Beat with a beetle, or heavy mallet. II. vl hang over, as some cliffs do. BEETLE-BROWED (be'tl-browd), a projecting brow; having prominent brows. BEETLING (be'tling), a. Jutting; prominent. BEEVE (bev), n. Adult bovine animal fattened for slaughter. (Colloq.) [From BEEVES, pi. of BEEF.] BEEVES (bevz), n. Plural of BEEF; adult bovine animals. BEFALL (be- al'), v. [pr.p. BEFALL'ING; p.t. BEFELL'; y.p. BEFALL'EN.] I. vt. Happen to ; betide. II vi. Happen; come to pass. [A. S. befeallan. See FALL.] BEFIT (be-fif), vt. [pr.p. BEFIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. BEFIT'TED.] Be fit or suitable for; be becoming to. BEFOG (be-fog'), vt. [pr.p. BEFOG'GING; p.t. an*i p.p. BEFOGGED (be-fogd').] Involve in a fog; confuse. BEFOOL (be-fol), vt. [pr.p. BEFOOL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEFOOLED (be-foid').] Fool; de- lude; infatuate. BEFORE (be-for'), I. prep. 1. In front of. 2. In presence or sight of. 3. Previous to. 4. In preference to. 5. Superior to. II. adv. 1. In front. 2. Sooner than. 3. Hitherto. 4. Already; previously. HI. con}. 1. Earlier than. 2. Rather than. [A. S. beforan.] BEFOREHAND (be-for'hand), I. a. Well pre- pared. II. adv. 1. Before the time; in ad- vance. 2. By way of preparation. BEFOUL (be-fowl'), vt. [pr.p. BEFOUL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEFOULED (be-fowld').] Soil; pol- lute ; tarnish. BEFRIEND (be-frend'), vt. [pr.p. BEFRIEND'- ING; p.t. and p.p. BEFBIEND'ED.] Act as a friend to; favor; aid. BEFUDDLE (be-fud'l), vt. [pr.p. BEFUD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. BEFUDDLED (be-fud'ld).] Con- fuse through overuse of any stimulant. BEG (beg), v. [pr.p. BEG'GING; p.t. and p.p. BEGGED (begd).] I. vt. 1. Ask earnestly. 2. Ask in charity. 3. Take for granted; assume without proof. II. vi. Practice begging. [Etym. doubtful.] SYN. Entreat; solicit; Implore; beseech; supplicate; petition; desire; request; pray; crave. ANT. Insist; exact; extort; require; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BEGAN 115 BEHOLDER demand; claim; enforce; command; compel. BEGAN (be-gan'), v. Past tense of BEGIN. BEGEM (be-jem'), vt. [pr.p. BEGEMMING; p.t. and p.p. BEGEMMED (be-jemd').] Adorn with precious gems, or anything similarly beautiful and lustrous. BEGET (be-gef), vt. [pr.p. BEGET'TING; p.t. BEGOT; p.p. BEGOT'TEN or BEGOT'.] Pro- create; cause to come into existence; generate; produce. [A. S. begitan, acquire. See GET.] BEGGAR (beg'ar), n. 1. One who lives by beg- ging. 2. One who is dependent on others for support. 3. A petitioner. BEGGAR (beg'ar), vt. [pr.p. BEG'GARING; p.t. and p.p. BEGGARED (beg'ard).] 1. Re- duce to beggary; impoverish. 2. Surpass; ex- haust; tax to the utmost the power of; as, "It beggared all description." BEGGARLINESS (beg'ar-li-nes), n. Quality of being beggarly. BEGGARLY (beg'ar-li), I. a. 1. Poor-looking; like a beggar. 2. Suitable for a beggar; in the condition of a beggar; mean; contemptible. II. adv. In a manner suitable to a beggar ; meanly ; Indigently. BEGGARY (beg'ar-i), n. 1. Poverty; indigence; penury. 2. Practice of begging. BEGGING (beg'ing), I. a. That begs. II. n. 1. Act of begging for, or soliciting anything; specifically, act or practice of soliciting alms. 2. Logic. Act of assuming what is not con- ceded, as in the phrase '*a begging of the ques- tion." BEGIN (be-gin'), v. [pr.p. BEGIN'NING; p.t. BEGAN'; p.p. BEGUN'.] I. vt. 1. Com- mence action on; enter on. 2. Originate. 3. Trace the first ground, element or existence of. II. vi. 1. Take rise; commence; start. 3. Come into being; arise. [A. S. beginnan.] BEGINNER (be-gin'er), n. 1. Originator; author; first mover. 2. Inexperienced learner; nov- ice; tyro. BEGINNING (be-gin'ing), n. 1. First cause or origin. 2. First state or commencement. 3. First part or stage. BEGIRD (be-gerd'), BEG'IRDLE (be-gerd'l), vt. [pr.p. BEGIRDING, BEGIRD 'LING; p.t. and p.p. BEGIRT (be- gert'), BEGIRD'ED, BEGIEDLED (be- gerd 'Id).] 1. Encircle with a girdle. 2. En- compass. BEGONE (be-gan'), in- ter j. Go away. Begonia (be-go'ni-a), n. 1. Genus of plants having brilliantly col- ored leaves and, usual- ly, pink flowers. 2. [b~] Begonia. Plant of this genus. [Named after Michel Begon (1638-1710), patron of science in France.] BEGRIME (be-grim'), vt. [pr.p. BEGRI'MING; p.t. and p.p. BEGRIMED (be-grlmd').] Soil with soot or dirt. BEGRUDGE (be-gruj'), vt. [pr.p. BEGRUDG'- ING; p.t. and p.p. BEGRUDGED (be-grujd').] Envy the possession or enjoyment of; grudge. BEGUILE (be-gil'), vt. [pr.p. BEGUIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEGUILED (be-gild').] 1. Lure to or from any place, course of conduct, etc. 2. Pass pleasingly; while away. BEGUILEMENT (be-gll'ment), n. 1. Act of be- guiling. 2. State of being beguiled. 3. That which beguiles. BEGUILER (be-gil'er), n. One who beguiles. BEGUILING (be-gil 'ing), a. Having a tendency to beguile. BEGUIN (beg'In or ba-gang'), n. Order of gray- robed nuns that flourished during the 12th and 13th centuries. [Fr.] BEGUM (be 'gum), n. Princess, or woman of high rank in India; Mohammedan queen reg- nant. [Hind.] BEGUN (be-gun'), Past participle of BEGIN. BEHALF (be-haf), n. 1. Favor, interest, as in your behalf. 2. Affair, as in this behalf. [From A. S. be, by, and healf half, part.] BEHAVE (be-hav'), v. [pr.p. BEHAVING; p.t. and p.p. BEHAVED (be-havd').] I. vt. Con- duct, deport, demean (one's self). II. vi. Act; conduct one's self; conduct one's self well. [A. S. behabban, hold, restrain.] BEHAVIOR (be-ha'vyxir), n. Conduct; manners; deportment. SYN. Bearing; demeanor; comport- ment; proceeding; action; carriage; breed- ing; manner; manners. ANT. Misbeha- vior; misdemeanor; misconduct. BEHEAD (be-hed'), vt. [pr.p. BEHEAD'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEHEAD'ED.] Cut off the head, of; decapitate. BEHELD (be-held'), v. Past tense and past participle of BEHOLD. BEHEMOTH (be-he'muth), n. Animal described in Job xl. 15-24, probably the hippopotamus. [Heb.] BEHEST (be-hesf), n. Command; charge. [A. S. behces, promise.] BEHIND (be-hind'), I. prep. 1. At the back of; after or coming after. 2. Inferior to. II. adv. At the back; in the rear; backward; past. [A. S. behindan.] BEHINDHAND (be-hind'hand), adv. and a. Tardy; in arrears. BEHOLD (be-hold), v. [pr.p. BEHOLD'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEHELD'.] I. vt. 1. Hold; keep. 2. Keep in view; look upon. II. vi. Look; fix the attention. III. inter j. See ! lo ! observe ! [A. S. fee-, and healdan, hold.] BEHOLDEN (be-hold'n), a. Obliged; indebted. [Old p.p. of BEHOLD.] BEHOLDER (be-h61d'er\ n. One who beholds; looker on. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BEHOOF 116 BELL-BIRD ► BEHOOF (be-hof), n. Benefit; convenience. [See BEHOOVE.] BEHOOVE (be-hbv), vt. [pr.p. BEHOOVING; p.t. and p.p. BEHOOVED (be-hovd').] Be- come necessary or proper for (now only used impersonally with it). [A. S. behofian, need, be necessary.] BEING (be'ing), I. pr.p. of BE. II. n. 1. Exist- ence. 2. Person or thing existing. 3. Entity; essence; substance. BEING (be'ing), conj. Since; since this is so. (Colloq.) BEIRA (bi'ra), n. Species of African musk- deer. BE JEWEL (be-ju'el), vt. [pr.p. BEJEW'ELING; p.t. and p.p. BE JEWELED (be-jii'eld).] Adorn with jewels. BEJUCO (ba-hb'ko), n. Rattan wood vine grown in Philippines and used principally for ropes and cables. [Sp.] BELABOR (be-la'bur), vt. [pr.p. BELA'BORING; p.t. and p.p. BELABORED (be-la'burd).] Beat soundly. BELATE (be-laf), vt. [pr.p. BELA'TING; p.t. and p.p. BELA'TED.] Cause to be late; delay; detain till after night. BELAY (be-la'), vt. [pr.p. BELAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. BELAYED (be-lad').] 1. Waylay. 2. Block up; besiege. 3. Encompass. 4. Naut. Fasten securely, as a rope by winding it round a cleat or belaying pin. [Dut. beleggen, cover, overlay.] BELATING-PIN (be-la'ing-pin), n. Naut. Stout pin in the side of a vessel or round the masts to which ropes may be belayed, or wound round and fastened. BELCH (belch), v. [pr.p. BELCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BELCHED (belcht).] I. vt. Eject with force or violence. II. vi. 1. Eject wind from the stomach. 2. Issue forcibly, as a flame from a furnace. [A.S. bealcan.] BELDAM (bel'dam), BELDAME (bel'dam), n. 1. Grandmother. 2. Ill-natured old woman; hag. [Fr. belief fair, and dame, lady.] BELEAGUER (be-le'ger), vt. [pr.p. BELEA'- GUERING; p.t. and p.p. BELEAGUERED (be-le'- gerd).] Lay siege to. [Dut. belegeren, besiege.] BELEMNITE (be-lem'nit), n. Cigar-shaped fossil, called thunderbolt. [From Gr. belemnon, dart.] BEL-ESPRIT (bel-es-pre), n. [pi. BEAUX-ESPRITS (boz- es-pre').] Fine spirit; man of wit. [Fr.] BELFRY (bel'fri), n. [pi. BEL'FRIES.] 1. Movable tower. 2. Bell-tower; place for a bell or bells. [From A.S. beorgan, protect, and frith, shelter.] II il Belfry. Eugene Ysaye, Belgian violinist. Born 1858. Belgian (bei'ji-an), i. a. Pertaining to Belgium or the Belgians. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Belgium. BeLGIXT3I (bel'ji-um), n. Small European kingdom N. E. of France, S. of Neth- erlands. Area, 11,373 sq. m. BELIAL (be'li-ai), n. Spirit of evil. — Sons of Belial, worthless, wicked men. [Heb. belt, without, yaal, use.] BELIE (be-li'), vt. [pr.p. BELY'ING; p.t. and p.p. BELIED (be-lid').] 1. Give the lie to; prove to be false. 2. Fail to meet expectation of. 3. Traduce. [A. S. be-, and leogan, lie.] BELIEF (be-lef), n. 1. Confidence; faith. 2. Thing believed; creed. 3. Opinion. 4. Per- suasion of the truth of anything. SYN. Credence; trust; credit; reliance; conviction; assurance; opinion; assent; ad- mission; doctrine; dogma; tenet. ANT. Disbelief; distrust; misgiving; denial; re- jection; disavowal. BELIEVABLE (be-lev'a-bl), a. That may or can be believed. BELIEVE (be-lev'), v. [pr.p. BELIEVING; p.U and p.p. BELIEVED (be-levd').] I. vt. 1. Ac- cept as true. 2. Trust in the veracity of. 3. Think or suppose loosely. II. vi. 1. Accept a proposition as true. 2. Have faith. 3. Think; suppose. [A. S. gelyfan, believe.] BELIEVER (be-lev'er), n. 1. One who believes or gives credit to anything. 2. One who holds a definite religious belief; Christian; professor of any faith. BELIEVING (be-lev'ing), I. a. Having faith. II. n. Act or operation of accepting as true. BELIKE (be-lik'), adv. Probably; perhaps. [A.S. be- and LIKE.] BELITTLE (be-iit'l), vt. [pr.p. BELIT'TLING; p.t. and p.p. BELITTLED (be-lit'ld).] Cause to appear little; disparage. BELL (bel), n. 1. Hollow metallic instrument usually cup-shaped, for producing sound when struck. 2. Anything shaped like an ordinary bell. 3. Stroke of a bell. [A. S. belle, bell.] BELL (bel), v. [pr.p. BELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BELLED (b eld).] I. vt. Put a bell on. II. vi. Bot. Develop in the form of a bell, as a bud or blossom. — To bell the cat, to encounter one of greatly superior force. BELL (bel), vi. [pr.p. BELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BELLED (b eld).] Bellow; roar. [A. S. bellan.] BELLADONNA (bel-a-don'a), n. Deadly night- shade, poisonous plant, used in medicine. [It. bella-donna, fair lady.] BELL-BIRD (bel'berd), n. Zool. 1. South American bird (Arapunga alba), of the fruit- crow family. It is pure white, about a foot long, and has a voice like the tolling of a bell. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BELLBOY 117 BELUS 2. Australian bird {Muzantha melanophrys) , having a tinkling note. BELLBOY (bel'boi), n. Boy employed to answer bell calls In a hotel. BELL-BUOY (bel'boi), n, Naut. Buoy to which a bell is attached in such a way as to be rung by the motion of the waves. BELL-CAGE (bel'kaj), n. Arch. Heavy timber framework used to set large bells in place. BELL-CRANK (bel'krangk), n. Triangular metal lever for sounding gong bells. BELL-DECK (bel'dek), n. Water-tight flooring of a belfry. BELLE (bel), «. Reigning beauty. [Fr. fern, of BEAU.] BELLEROPHON (bel-ler'6-fon), n, GreeJc Myth. Son of Glaucus; with the aid of Pegasus, the winged horse he conquered the monster Chimera. BELLES-LETTRES (bel-let'r), n.pl. Polite, elegant literature. [Fr. belles, fine, and lettres, learning.] BELLFLOWER (bel'flow-er), n, Bot. Plant of the genus Campanula, so called because its corollas are bell-shaped. BELL-GABLE (bel'ga-bl), n. Arched entrance to churchyards or cemeteries in which tolling bells are hung. BELLGLASS (bel'glas), n. Glass vessel shaped like a bell, open on the lower side, and having on its top a knob for convenience of handling BELLICOSE (bel'i-kos), a. Warlike; conten- tious. [L. bellicosus, from helium, war.] BELLIGERENCE (bel-lij'er-ens), BELLIGER- ENCY (bel-lij'er-en-si), n. Warfare; state of being at war. BELLIGERENT (bel-lij'er-ent), I. a. Waging war. II. n. Nation, party or person engaged in war or contest. [L. helium, war, and gero, carry on.] BELLITE (bel'it), n. High explosive made of nitrates of ammonium, benzine and potas- sium. BELL-JAR (bel'jar), n. Same as BELLGLASS. BELL31AN(bel'man),n. [pi. BELL 'MEN.] Town crier who rings a bell to attract attention. BELL-METAL (bel'met-1), n. Alloy of copper and tin, used for making bells. BELL-MOUTHED (bel'mowtht), a. 1. Having a mouth shaped like that of a bell. 2. Hav- ing a deep-toned resonant voice. BELLONA (bel-16'na), n. Bom. Myth. The god- dess of war, and represented as sister, com- panion and wife of Mars. BELLOW (bel'6), v. [pr.p. BELLOWING; p.t. and p.p. BELLOWED (bel'od).] I. vt. Utter with a loud voice. II. vi. Utter a hollow loud sound as a bull; vociferate; clamor; roar. [A. S. bellan, bellow.] BELLOW (bel'6), n. Loud hollow sound or roar, as of a bull; loud outcry. BELLOWER (bel'6-er), n. One who or that which bellows. BELLOWING (bel'6-ing), n. Roar of a bull, or any similar sound. BELLOWS (bel'oz), n, sing, and pi. Contri- vance for blowing a fire, supplying wind to an organ, etc. [A. S. belg, bag.] BELLOWS-FISH (bel'oz-flsh), n. Trumpet-fish or sea-snipe. BELL-PEPPER (bel'pep-er), n. Bot. Species of pepper ( Capsicum grossum), the common red pepper of the gardens. BELL-PULL (bel'pQl), n. Handle attached to connection to ring a bell. BELL-RINGER (bel'ring-er), n. One who rings a bell or bells. BELL-PUNCH (bel'punch), n. Punch with bell attached that rings whenever used. BELLWETHER (bel'we*ft-er), n. Sheep on whose neck a bell is placed so that It may lead the flock. BELLY (bel'i), n. [pi. BEL'LIES.] 1. Part of the body from the chest to the thighs; abdo- men. 2. Part of anything that swells or bulges out. [A. S. belg, bag.] BELLY (bel'i), v, [pr.p. BEL'LYING; p.t. and p.p. BELLIED (bel'id).] I. vt. Cause to swell out, as a sail. II. vi. Swell or bulge out. BELLY-BAND (bel'i-band), n. Saddle girth; girth. BELOID (be'loid), a. Shaped like an arrow. BELONG (be-lang'), vi, [pr.p. BELONGING; p.t. and p.p. BELONGED (be-langd').] Per- tain; be part of, property of; have residence; be appropriate. [A. S. gelangan.'] BELONGING (be-lang'ing), n. That which be- longs to a person or thing, generally in the plural. BELONITE (bel'o-nit), n. Crystal formed like a needle. BELOVED (be-luvd' or be-luv'ed), I. a. Loved; dear. II. n. One loved. BELOW (be-16'), I. prep. 1. Beneath, in place or rank. 2. Not worthy of. II. adv. 1. In a lower place. 2. On earth or in hades, as opposed to heaven. BELT (belt), n. 1. Girdle or band worn round the waist. 2. Any encircling or traversing band, as a strait, strip of woods, zone, ring, band for communicating motion from one wheel to another, etc. [A. S.] BELT (belt), vt. [pr.p. BELTING; p.t. and p.p. BELT 'ED.] 1. Encircle with a belt; gird. 2. Furnish with a belt or belts, as machinery. BELTCOURSE (belt'kors), n. Arch. Molding work under jutments of columns, pillars, stanchions and eaves. BELTED (belt'ed), a. 1. Wearing a belt. 3. Fitted with belts. BELTING (belting), n. 1. Belts collectively, especially as connected with machinery. 2. Material of which belts are made. BELUGA (be-lu'ga), n. Species of dolphin; the great sturgeon {Acipenser huso). [Russ.] BeLUS (be'lus), n. Roman name of Bel. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BELVEDERE 118 BENGAL > BELVEDERE (bel-ve-der'), n. 1. Arch. Room built above the roof of an edifice, for the pur- pose of viewing the surrounding country. 2. Summer-house in a park or garden. [It., fine view; bel, fine, and vedere, view.] BEMEAN (be-men'), vt. [pr.p. BEMEAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEMEANED (be-mend').] De- grade; lower. BE3IIRE (be-mlr'), vt. [pr.p. BEMIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEMIRED (be-mird').] Soil or drag in the mire. BEMOAN (be-mon'), vt. [pr.p. BEMOAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEMOANED (be-mond').] Moan over; bewail; lament. BEMOCK (be-mok'), v. [pr.p. BEMOCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEMOCKED (be-mokt').] I. vt. Treat with mockery; deride. II. vi. Prac- tice mocking; mock. BENCH (bench), n. 1. Long seat. 2. Mechan- ic's work table. 3. Judge's seat. 4. Body of judges. [A. S. bene] BENCHER (bench'er), n. 1. Eng. Law. One of the senior members of the legal societies known as the Inns of Court. 2. One who sits on a bench. BENCH-WARRANT (bench'wor-ant), n. War- rant of arrest issued by a court. BEND (bend), v. [pr.p. BENDING; p.t. and p.p. BENT or BEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Curve; make crooked; turn; incline. 2. Subdue. 3. Apply closely. 4. Direct to a certain point, as one's course. 5. Naut. Fasten by means of a knot. II. vi. 1. Be curved or crooked. 2. Lean; jut over. 3. Bow in submission. 4. Be prone or disposed. [A. S. bendan, bend.] BEND (bend), n. 1. Curve; crook; turn; that which is bent. 2. Act of bending. 3. Naut. Particular kind of knot made by seamen. BEND ABLE (bend'a-bl), a. That may be bent. BENDER (bender), n. 1. One who or that which bends anything. 2. Spree. (Colloq.) BENEATH (be-neth'), I. prep. 1. Under, or lower in place, rank, or condition. 2. Under the pressure or weight of. 3. Unworthy. II. adv. In a lower place; below; underneath. [A. S. binithan. See NETHER.] BENEDICITE (ben-e-dis'i-te), n. Blessing; grace; thanksgiving. [L.L. benedicite, bless ye.] BENEDICK (ben'e-dik), BENEDICT (ben'e- dikt), n. Married man especially, one newly married. [Benedick, in Shakespeare's "Much Ado About Nothing."] BENEDICTION (ben-e-dik'shun), n. 1. Blessing. 2. Invocation of divine blessing. [L.; from bene, well, and dico, say.] BENEDICTIVE (ben-e-dik'tiv), a. Containing a blessing; expressing a blessing; imparting a blessing. BENEDICTORY (ben-e-dik'to-ri), a. Imparting a blessing. BENEFACTION (ben-e-fak'shun), n. 1. Act of conferring a benefit. 2. Benefit conferred. [L. — bene, well, and facio, do.] STN. Gratuity; boon; alms; gift; grant; donation; endowment; favor; bequest; present. ANT. Deprivation; disfavor; in- jury; detriment. BENEFACTOR (ben-e-fak'tur), n. [fern. BENE- FACTRESS.] One who confers a favor or benefit; patron. BENEFICE (ben'e-fis), n. 1. Estate held by feudal tenure. 2. An ecclesiastical living. [L. beneficium, favor; from bene, well, and facio, do.] BENEFICED (ben'e-fist), a. Possessed of a benefice. BENEFICENCE (be-nef'i-sens), n. 1. Practice of doing good; active goodness; practical kindness. 2. Beneficent gift or act. BENEFICENCT (be-nef'i-sen-si), n. State or quality of being beneficent. BENEFICENT (be-nef'i-sent), a. Doing good; kind; generous; charitable. BENEFICENTLY (be-nef'i-sent-li), adv. In a beneficent manner; kindly; generously; chari- tably. BENEFICIAL (ben-e-fish'al), a. Advantageous; profitable; helpful; fitted to confer benefits upon, or actually doing so. BENEFICIALLY (ben-e-fish'al-i), adv. In a beneficial manner; advantageously. BENEFICIARY (ben-e-fish'i-a-ri), I. n. [pi. BENEFICIARIES.] 1. One who holds or receives a benefit or profit. 2. One for whose benefit a trust is established. 3. Holder of a benefice. II. a. 1. Holding in gift or gratuity. 2. Holding in subordination to another. BENEFIT (ben'e-fit), n. 1. Profit; advantage; favor. 2. Public performance, or the proceeds arising therefrom, given in behalf of a person or cause. 3. Act conferring favor or advan- tage upon. 4. State of receiving favor or ad- vantage. 6. The favor or advantage itself. [Fr. bienfait; from L. benefactum, from bene, well, and facio, do.] BENEFIT (ben'e-fit), v. [pr.p. BENEFITING; p.t. and p.p. BEN'EFITED.] I. vt. Do good to; confer a favor on or advantage upon. II. vi. Derive advantage; be benefited. BENE PLACITO (ba-na-plach'e-to). Music. At pleasure. [It.] BENEVOLENCE (be-nev'o-lens), n. Disposi- tion to do good; kindness; charity; good will; generosity. [L. benevolentia ; from bene, well, and volo, wish.] SYN. Benignity ; beneficence ; charitable- ness; kind-heartedness; philanthropy; mu- nificence; bounty; kindliness; sympathy. ANT. Unkindness; ill will; malignity; harshness; barbarity; malevolence. BENEVOLENT (be-nev'o-lent), a. Disposed to do good; generous; charitable. BENGAL (ben-gal'), n. 1. Province of India. 2. Bay or Gulf, part of Indian Ocean, E. of Hindustan, W. of Burma. BENGAL (ben -gal'), n. 1. Thin fabric for fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not. move, wolf; mate, hut, burn, il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. BENGALEE 119 BERTH woman's apparel made of silk and hair, brought at first from Bengal, In India. 2. An imitation of striped muslin. Bengalee, Bengali (ben-gai-e'), n. Lan- guage or dialect spoken in Bengal. BeNGALESE (ben-ga-lez'), I. a. Of or pertain- ing to Bengal. II. n. sing, and pi. Native or natives of Bengal. BENGAL-LIGHT (ben-gal-lit'), n. Kind of fire- works producing a steady and vivid blue light. BENGAL-TIGER (ben-gal-tl'ger), n. Common tiger (Fells tigris), which lives in the marshy Jungles of Lower Bengal, India. BENIGHT (be-nif), vt. [pr.p. BENIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BENIGHT'ED.] 1. Involve or shroud in darkness; obscure. 2. Overtake with night. 3. Debar from intellectual, moral, or spiritual light. BENIGN (be-nin'), a. Favorable; gracious; kindly; mild. [L. benignus, kind.] BENIGNANCT (be-nig'nan-si), n. Benignant quality or manner. BENIGNANT (be-nig'nant), a. Kind; gracious. BENIGNANTLY (be-nlg'nant-li), adv. In a be- nignant manner. BENIGNITY (be-nig'ni-ti), n. [pi. BENIG'- NITIES.] 1. State or quality of being benign. 2. That which is benign. BENISON (ben'i-sun), n. Benediction; blessing. BENT (bent), v. Past tense and past participle of BEND. — Bent on, resolved on; determined upon. BENT (bent), n. 1. Leaning or bias of mind; fixed tendency. 2. State of being curved; particular direction given by bending. 3. Full strength; utmost exertion. [From BEND.] BENT, BENT-GRASS (bent'gras), n. Species of Agrostis, a wiry creeping grass. [A.S. beonet.] BENUMB (be-num'), vt. [pr.p. BENUMB'ING; p.t. and p.p. BENUMBED (be-numd').] Make numb or torpid. [A. S. benumen, deprived.] BENUMBEDNESS (be-num'nes), n. State of being benumbed. BENZENE (ben'zen), n. Volatile inflammable liquid hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar. Also called benzol, benzolin. BENZIN (bcn'zin), BENZINE (ben-zen'), n. Col- orless liquid mixture of hydro carbons, ob- tained from kerosene. BENZOATE (ben'z6-at), n. Chem. Salt of ben- zoic acid; as benzoate of soda. BENZOIC (ben-zo'ik), a. Pertaining to, or de- rived from, benzoin. — Benzoic acid, an aro- matic substance contained in benzoin, coal- tar oil, etc. BENZOIN (ben-zoin'), n. Fragrant, medicinal resin, obtained from the Styrax Benzoin, a tree of Sumatra. [Of Ar. origin.] BENZOL, BENZOLE (ben'zol), BENZOLIN (ben'zo-lln), n. Same as BENZENE. BEQUEATH (be-kwe*fc), vt. [pr.p. BEQUEATH- ING; p.t. and p.p. BEQUEATHED (be-kwe«fcd).] 1. Give or leave by will. 2. Transmit; hand down to posterity. [A. S. be- and cwethan, say. See QUOTH.] BEQUEST (be-kwesf), n. Something be- queathed or left by will; legacy. BERATE (be-raf), vt. [pr.p. BERA'TING; p.t. and p.p. BERA'TED.] Chide vehemently i scold; vituperate. BERBER (ber'ber),w. Mem- ber of one of the Hamitic tribes scattered over N. Africa and the Sahara, from the Red Sea to the Atlantic. They are of medium height and their features of Egyptian type. BERCEUSE (bar-suz'), n. Cradle-song. [Fr.] BEREAVE (be-revO, vt. [pr, p. BEREAVING; p.t. and p.p. BEREAVED (he- re vd') or BEREFT'.] Deprive; make destitute. Berber. rob; despoil; [A. S. bereafian, rob.] BEREAVEMENT (be-rev'ment), n. Grievous loss, especially of loved ones by death. BEREFT (be-reff), v. Past tense and past par- ticiple of BEREAVE. BERENGELITE (be-ren'je-lit), n. Peruvian pitch used for calking. BERG (berg), n. Towering mass, as of ice; iceberg. [Ice. or Ger.] BERGAMOT (ber'ga-mot), n. 1. Species of citron ( Citrus medica). Both the flowers and fruit furnish a fragrant essential oil. 2. Coarse tapestry, said to have been first manu- factured at Bergamo. [Bergamo, in Italy.] BERI-BERI (ber'i-ber-i), n. Malignant paralyz- ing disease of East Indian tropics. BERING SEA (ber'ing se). Between Bering Strait and Aleutian Islands. BERING STRAIT (ber'ing strat). Waterway connecting Pacific and Arctic Oceans, separa- ting Siberia from Alaska. BERLIN (ber-lin'), or Ger. (ber-lin'), n. Capital and largest city in German Empire. BERMUDAS (ber-mu'daz), n.pl. British islands in Atlantic Ocean, 600 m. E. of North Caro- lina. BERNE (bern), n. Capital of Switzerland. BERNICLE (ber'ni-kl), n. Same as BARNACLE, a kind of goose. BEROE (ber'o-e), n. Medusa remarkable for emitting a phosphoric light. [L. Beroe, a sea- nymph, daughter of Oceanus.] BERRIED (ber'id), a. 1. Furnished with berries. 2. Having a texture like berries; baccate. BERRY (ber'i), n. [pi. BER'RIES.] Small pulpy fruit, as the grape, currant, blackberry, etc. ; also the coffee-bean. [A. S. berieJ] BERRYING (ber'i-ing), n. Gathering berries, especially wild berries. BERTH (berth), I. n. 1. Sea-room, as in give a wide berth. 2. Small sleeping place in a ship, fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bura, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, e^en, kh=cft in Scotch loch. BERTH 120 BESTIARIAN > sleeping-car, etc. 3. Ship's station at anchor. 4. Situation; place of employment. [A. S. boerth.] BERTH (berth), vt. [pr.p. BERTHING; p.t. and p.p. BERTHED (bertht).] 1. Allot a berth to. 2. Naut. Place at a wharf; give anchorage or berthage to. BERTHAGE (berth'aj), n. 1. Charges for a berth or accommodation of a vessel at a dock or pier. 2. Berth or accommodation assigned. BERTILLONAGE (ber-til'yun-aj), n. System of Identification of criminals depending upon accurate measurements of various portions of the body. [Alphonse Bertillon, of Paris, its inventor.] BERYL (ber'il), n. Min. Precious stone, usually of a greenish-blue tinge, and then commonly called aquamarine. It is sometimes yellowish and occasionally almost colorless. It is a double silicate of alumina and glucina, and differs from the emerald onl3 r in its color- ing matter, which is oxide of iron in the beryl and oxide of chromium in the emerald. [Gr. beryllosJ] BERYLLINE (ber'il-in), a. Resembling beryl; of a light or bluish green. BER YLLOID (ber'il-oid), n. Double pyramidical form of beryl crystals. BESAGNE (be-san'), n. Shield-plate of special metal to protect seams in steel armor plate. BESEECH (be-sech'), vt. [pr.p. BESEECHING; p. t. and p.p. BESOUGHT (be-sat).] 1. Pray earnestly; supplicate; entreat; implore. 2. Ask; petition; solicit. [BE-, and root of SEEK] SYN. Pray; request; beg. ANT. Insist; demand; exact; command; coerce. BESEE31 (be-sem'), vt. [pr.p. BESEEMING; p.t. and p.p. BESEEMED (be-semd').] Be worthy or fit for; become. BESEEMINGLY (be-sem'ing-li), adv. In a beseeming manner; becomingly. BESET (be-sef), vt. [pr.p. BESET'TING; p.t. and p.p. BESET'.] 1. Set upon; surround; waylay; harass. 2. Set around, as jewels in a crown. [A. S. bisettan, surround.] BESETTING (be-set'ing), a. Constantly sur- rounding or attacking. BESHREW (be-shro'), vt. [pr.p. BESHREW- ING; p.t. and p.p. BESHREWED (be-shrod').] Execrate. BESIDE (be-sid'), prep. 1. By the side of. 2. Over and above. 3. Distinct from; aside from. 4. Out of. [BE- and SIDE.] BESIDES (be-sidz'), I. prep. 1. Over and above. 2. Distinct from. II. adv. Moreover; in addition; also. BESIEGE (be-sej'), vt. [pr.p. BESIEGING; p.t. and p.p. BESIEGED (be-sejd').] Lay siege to; beset with armed forces; beset. BESIEGER (be-sej'er), n. One who besieges. BESMEAR (be-smer'), vt. [pr.p. BESMEAR- ING; p.t. and p.p. BESMEARED (be-smerd').] Smear over; bedaub. BESMIRCH (be-smerch'), vt. [pr.p, BE- SMIRCHING; p.t. and p.p. BESMIRCHED (be- smerchd').] Defile; soil; put a conspicuous blot upon. BESOM (be'zum), n. Broom made of twigs; anything that sweeps away. [A. S. besma.] BESOT (be-sof), vt. [pr.p. BESOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. BESOT'TED.] Make sottish, dull, or stupid by drink, or other vice. BESOTTED (be-sot'ed), a. Stupefied as if with drink; drunken. BESOTTEDLY (be-sot'ed-li), adv. In a besotted manner. BESOTTEDNESS (be-sot'ed-nes), n. State or quality of being besotted. BESOUGHT (be-sat'), v. Past tense and past participle of BESEECH. BESPANGLE (be-spang'gl), vt. [pr.p. BE- SPAN'GLING; p.t. and p.p. BESPANGLED (be-spang'gld).] Adorn with spangles; span- gle. BESPATTER (be-spat'er), vt. [pr.p. BESPAT'- TERING; p.t. and p.p. BESPATTERED (be- spat'erd).] 1. Soil by spattering. 2. Asperse with calumny. BESPEAK (be-spek'), vt. [pr.p. BESPEAK'ING; p.t. BESPOKE (be-spok'); p.p. BESPOKE or BESPOKEN (be-spok'n).] 1. Speak for or engage beforehand. 2. Betoken; show. 3. Speak to. BESPRINKLE (be-spring'kl), vt. [pr.p. BE- SPRIN'KLING; p.t. and p.p. BESPRINKLED (be-spring'kld).] Sprinkle over; bedew. BESSARABIA (bes-a-ra/bi-a), n. District of Russia, E. and N. E. of Roumania. BESSEMER (bes'e-mer), n. Steel prepared by a process invented by Henry Bessemer of Eng- land. BEST (best), I. a. [Superl. of GOOD.] Most excellent. II. n. Highest degree of excel- lence; utmost endeavor; most excellent person or thing. III. adv. [Superl. of WELL.] 1. In the highest degree; beyond all others. 2. Most easily; most successfully, etc. BEST (best), vt. [pr.p. BEST'ING; p.t. and p.p. BEST'ED.] Get the better of; surpass. (Colloq.) BESTEAD (be-sted'), a. Circumstanced, as in ill-bestead ; beset. [BE- and STEAD.] BESTIAL (bes'chal or bes'ti-al), a. 1. Pertaining to the inferior animals; belonging to beasts or a beast. 2. Having the brutish instincts of a beast; sensual; depraved. [L. bestialis; from bestia, beast.] BESTIALITY (bes-ti-al'i-ti), n. Quality or con- dition of being a beast or acting like one. BESTIALIZE (bes'ti-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. BES'TI- ALIZING; p.t. and p.p. BESTIALIZED (bes'ti-al-izd).] Render bestial; make a beast of; reduce to the level of beast. BESTIALLY (bes'ti-al-i), adv. After the man- ner of a beast. BESTIARIAN (bes-ti-a'ri-an), n. One who takes fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. BESTIR 121 BETWEEN an interest in the kind treatment of beasts. [L. bestia, beast.] BESTIR (be-ster'), vt. [pr.p. BESTIR'RING; p.t. and p.p. BESTIRRED (be-sterd').] Put into lively action. BESTOW (be-sto'), vt. [pr.p. BESTOWING; p.t. and p.p. BESTOWED (be-stod').] 1. Store up. 2. Apply; use. 3. Give. SYN. Grant; give; confer; present; allot; accord; afford; impart. ANT. Withhold; reserve; appropriate; usurp; seize. BESTOWAL (be-sto'al, n. Bestowment; act of bestowing. BESTOWER (be-std'er), n. One who bestows. BESTOWING (be-std'ing), n. Power or right to bestow; bestowment. BESTOWMENT (be-std'ment), n. 1. Act of bestowing or state off being bestowed. 2. That which is bestowed. BESTRADDLE (be-strad'l), vt. [pr.p. BE- STRAD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. BESTRAD- DLED (be-strad'ld).] Bestride. BESTREW (be-stro'), vt. [pr.p. BESTREWING; p.t. BESTREWED (be-strod') ; p.p. BESTREWN (be-stron').] Scatter over; besprinkle. BESTRIDE (be-strid), vt. [pr.p. BESTRID'ING; p.t. BESTRODE (be-strod), or BESTRID'; p.p. BESTRID'DEN or BESTRID'.] Stride over; stand or sit astride of. [See STRIDE.] BESTRODE (be-strod'), v. Past tense of BESTRIDE. BESTUD (be-stud'), vt. [pr.p. BESTUD'DING; p.t. and p.p. BESTUD'DED.] Ornament with studs or small points. BET (bet), v. [pr.p. BET'TING; p.t. and p.p. BET or BET 'TED.] I. vt. Mutually pledge as a forfeit on a future contingency; wager; stake. II. vi. Lay a wager. [Probably from ABET.] BET (bet), n. 1. Wager; a mutual pledge of a forfeiture on a future contingency. 2. Rela- tion arising from such a pledging. 3. Thing so pledged. 4. Contingency in question. 5. Rash confidence; hazardous venture. BETAKE (be-tak), vt. [pr.p. BETAKING; p.t. BETOOK (be-tok') ; p.p. BETA'KEN.] 1. Take (one's self) or repair (to). 2. Apply (one's self) or have recourse (to). BETEL (be'tl), n. Species of pepper, the leaves of which are chewed with the betel-nut by natives in the East Indies. [Pg.] BETEL-NUT (be'tl-nut), n. Seed of a species of palm-tree (Areca Catechu). [See BETEL.] BETE NOIRE (bat nwar'). Object of dread or dislike; bugbear. [Fr., literally, black beast.] BETHEL (beth'el), n. 1„ Church; chapel; place of worship. 2. Chapel for seamen. 3. In England, dissenting place of worship. [Heb., house of God.] BETHINK (be-thingk), v. [pr.p. BETHINKING; p.t. and p.p. BETHOUGHT (be-that').] I. vt. Cause to think about; recall. II. vi. Think; deliberate; consider; reflect. BETHLEHEM (beih'le-hem), n. Town in Pal- estine, accepted birthplace of Christ. BETIDE (be-tid'), v. [pr.p. BETI'BING; p.t. and p.p. BETI'DED.] I. vt. 1. Befall; happen to. 2. Betoken; presage. II. vi. Come to pass; happen. [A. S. 6e-, and tiden, happen. See TIDE.] BETIMES (be-timz'), adv. 1. In good time; seasonably. 2. Soon; speedily. BETOKEN (be-td'ken), vt. [pr.p. BETO'KEN- ING; p.t. and p.p. BETOKENED (be-to'kend).] 1. Be a token of; show forth; symbolize. 2. Foreshow; predict. BETOOK (be-tok'), v. Past tense of BETAKE. BETRAY (be-tra'), vt. [pr.p. BETBAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BETRAYED (be-trad').] 1. Deliver up to an enemy by treachery; prove traitor to. 2. Disclose treacherously (what has been in- trusted for secrecy). 3. Prove unfaithful to, as a trust or a friend. 4. Lead astray; expose to injury by violation of confidence. 5. Mis- lead; deceive. 6. Discover or show (what was intended to be concealed). 7. Disappoint (expectation). [A. S. &e, and O. Fr. traien — ■ L. trado, deliver up.] SYN. Disclose; divulge; reveal; deceive; delude; dupe; circumvent; beguile; entrap; insnare. ANT. Protect; preserve; guard; conserve; foster; cherish; conceal, BETRAYAL (be-tra'al), n. Act of betraying, BETRAYER (be-tra'er), n. One who betrays. BETROTH(be-trath'), vt. [pr.p. BETROTIl'ING? p.t. and p.p. BETROTHED (be-tratht').] 1. Promise to give in marriage. 2. Engage to marry. [A. S. be, and TROTH.] BETROTHAL (be-trath'al), n. Act of betroth- ing; state of being betrothed. BETROTHMENT (be-trath'ment), n. Same as BETROTHAL. BETTER (bet'er), I. a. [Comp. of GOOD.] 1. More excellent or desirable; of greater worth, virtue, etc.; more suitable, 2. Improved, as in health, condition, etc. II. adv. [Comp. of WELL.] In a more excellent manner, more fully or complete; more advantageously. III. n. 1. That which is superior. 2. Person of superior qualities or rank (usually in the plural, with a possessive pronoun, as in your betters). [A. S. betera, better.] BETTER (bet'er), vt. [pr.p. BET'TERING; p.t. and p.p. BETTERED (bet'erd).] Improve; make better; enhance; ameliorate; surpass. BETTER (bet'er), n. One who bets. BETTERMENT (bet'er-ment), n. Improvement, especially upon an estate which renders it more valuable. BETTOR (bet'ur), n. One who bets or lays wagers; a better. BETTY (bet'i), n. [pi. BET'TIES.] Short crow- bar; jimmy. (Slang.) BETWEEN (be-twen'), I. prep. 1. In the space of time which separates. 2. In the mutual relations of. 3. In joint possession or interest fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl„ then, kh=c/ in Scotch loch. BETWEENDECKS 122 BIAXAL > of. 4. By the action or situation of both of. 5. In regard to the qualities of. 6. Concerning one or the other of. 7. From one to another. II. adv. In the intervening space or time, etc. (The object is always easily supplied.) [A. S. from be, by, and twene, two.] BETWEENDECKS (be-twen'deks), n. Naut. Deck of vessel below upper deck and above the hold. BETWEENS (be-twenz')» n.pl. Grade of sewing- needles intermediate between sharps and blunts. BETWEEN- WHILES (be-twen'hwilz), adv. At various intervals. BEVEL (bev'el), v. [pr.p. BEVELING; p.U and p.p. BEVELED (bev'eld).] I. vt. Give a bevel or slanting edge to. II. vi. Slant from a straight line. BEVEL-ANGLE (bev'el-ang-gl), n. Either an obtuse or an acute angle. BEVEL-EDGE (bev'el-ej), n. Among masons, the edge of a sharp tool sloping toward the point. BEVEL-GEAR (bev'el-ger'), n. Wheel-work whose cogs stand beveling, or at ob- lique angles to the shaft. BEVELMENT (bev'el-ment), n. M in. Replacement of an edge by two similar planes, equally inclined to the in- cluding faces or adjoining planes. BEVEL-SQUARE (bev'el- skwar), n. Square, the blade of which is adjustable to any angle in the stock, and retained at any "set" by a clamping screw; bevel. BEVERAGE (bev'er-aj), n. Liquid used for drinking; drink. [O. Fr. beuvrage, from bevre, drink; from L. Mho, drink.] BEVY (bev'i), n. [pi. BEVIES.] 1. Flock of birds; troop of deer. 2. Small company, especially of girls or women. [O. Fr. buvee, troop of watering animals.] BEWAIL (be-wal), I. vt. [pr.p. BEWAEL'ING; p.U and p.p. BEWAILED (be-wald').] Lament for; bemoan; wail. II. vi. Express grief. [See WAIL.] BEWARE (be-war'), I. vt. Be wary of; be on one's guard against. II. vi. Take care; be wary. [BE WARE! = be wary I] BEWILDER (be-wil'der), vt. [pr.p. BEWDL'DER- ING; p.U and p.p. BEWILDERED (be-wil- derd).] Confuse; perplex; confound. BEWILDER3IENT (be-wil'der-ment), n. 1. State of being bewildered. 2. Perplexity; en- tanglement. BEWITCH (be-wlch'), vt. [pr.p. BEWITCHING; p.U and p.p. BEWITCHED (be-wicht).] 1 Affect by witchcraft. 2. Charm; fas- cinate. BEWITCHERY (bc-wich'er-1), n. Resistless Bevel-gear. power of anything that fascinates; state of being fascinated. BEWITCHING (be-wich'ing), a. Fascinating; captivating; charming. BEWITCHINGLT (be-wich'ing-11), adv. In a bewitching manner. BEWITCHMENT (be-wich'ment), n. 1. Power of fascinating or charming; fascination. 2. Act of bewitching, or the state of being be- witched. BEWRAY (be-ra'), vt. [pr.p. BEWRAY'ING; p.U and p.p. BEWRAYED (be-rad').] Disclose; betray. [A. S. be, and wregan, disclose.] BEY (ba), n. 1. Turkish governor. 2. Any Turkish nobleman or person of rank. [Turk. beg, lord.] BEYLIK (balik), n. Province governed by a bey. BEYOND (be-yond'), I. prep. 1. On the farther side of. 2. Farther onward than. 3. In a degree exceeding or surpassing; past, or out of reach of. II. adv. Further; at a greater distance than; far away; yonder. III. n. That which is beyond or on the other side, especially that which is outside of our earthly life. [A. S. be-, and geond, over, beyond.] BEZAN (ba/zan), n. Bengalee white or striped cotton cloth. [Bengalee.] BEZEL (bez'el), n. 1. Oblique side or face. 2. Groove in which a crystal Is set. 3. Beveled edge, or groove into which it fits. [O. Fr. bisel.] BEZIQUE (be-zek'), n. French game of cards. [Fr. besiquc] BEZOAR (bez'6-ar), n. Supposed antitoxic membrane found in the cow and used in ori- ental countries as antidote for poisons of all kinds. [Pers. paidzahr, counter-poison.] BHANG, BANG, BANGUE (bang), n. Intoxi- cating or stupefying liquor or drug made from the dried leaves of Indian hemp; hasheesh. [Anglo-Ind.] BI-, prefix. Two; twice; double; as bicarbonate of potash, a compound of potash with two atoms of carbonic acid; oi valve, two-valve. Before a vowel it takes the form of bin, as binocular, having two eyes. [See BIS-.] [L. from bis, twice — duo, two.] BIANGULAR (bi-ang'gu-lar), a. Having two angles. BIAS (Was), I. n. 1. Slant or leaning to one side. 2. Inclination of the mind; prejudice. II. a. Slanting; with a slant. III. adv. In a slanting manner. [Fr. biais, slant.] SYN. Bent; tendency; inclination; pro- pensity; predisposition; predilection; prej- udice; partiality. ANT. Fairness; impar- tiality. BIAS (bi'as), vt. [pr.p. BI'ASING; p.U and p.p. BIASED (Wast).] 1. Cause to incline to one side; prejudice. 2. Bowling. Cause to swerve in rolling. BIAXAL (bi-aks'aD, BIAXIAL (bi-aks'i-al), o. Opt. Having two axes. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=a in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. * BIB 123 BICYCLIST BIB (bib), n. 1. Cloth put under an infant's chin to keep the dress clean. 2. Waistpiece of apron. [M. E. bibben, imbibe, because the cloth absorbs the moisture; L. bibo, drink.] BIB (bib), v. [pr.p. BIB'BING; p.t. and p.p. BIBBED (bibd).] I. vt. Drink. II. vi. Tip- ple. BIBACIOUS (bi-ba'shus), a. Addicted to drink- ing. BIBASIC (bi-ba'sik), a. Containing two atoms of hydrogen which can be replaced by other bases, as some acids. BIBB (bib), n. Naut. Wooden bracket bolted to the hounds of the head of a mast to sup- port the trestle-trees. BIBBEB (bib'er), n. Tippler; drinker. [L. bibo, drink.] BlBLE (bi'bl), n. 1. Book accepted by the Chris- tian Church as containing divine revelation, 2. Book regarded by others than Christians as containing divine revelation. [Gr. biblia, books.] BIBLICAL (bib'li-kaD, a. Pertaining to the Bible. BlBLICALLY (bib'li-kal-i), adv. According to the Bible. BlBLICIST (bib'li-sist), n. One versed in Bibli- cal learning. BIBLIOCLAST (bib'li-o-klast), n. Destroyer of books. BIBLIOGRAPHER (bib-li-og'ra-fer), n. One versed in bibliography. BIBLIOGRAPHIC (bib-li-o-graf'ik), BIBLIO- GRAPHICAL (bib-li-o-grafik-aD, a. Per- taining to bibliography. BIBLIOGRAPHY (bib-li-og'ra-fl), n. Descrip- tion of books as to authorship, subject, date, edition, etc. [Gr. biblion, book, and grapho, write.] BIBLIOLOGY (bib-li-ol'o-ji), n. I. Discourse about the books of the Bible, or about Bible doctrine, history, and precepts. 2. [b-] Bibliography. [Gr. biblion, book, and -LOGY.] BIBLIOMANIA (bib-li-o-ma'ni-a), n. Mania for possessing books, especially rare and cu- rious ones. [Gr. biblion, book, and mania, madness.] BIBLIOMANIAC (bib-li-o-ma'ni-ak), n. One who has bibliomania. BIBLIOPHILE (bib'li-o-fil), n. Lover of books. [Gr. biblion, book, and philos, loving.] BIBLIOPOLE (bib'li-o-pdl), n. Bookseller. [Gr. biblion, book, and poled, sell.] BIBLIOTHECA (bib-li-o-the'ka), n. Library. [Gr. biblion, book, and theke, case.] BIBLUS (bib'lus), n. The papyrus. [L., from Gr. by bios.] BIBULOUS (bib'u-lus), a. 1. Inclined to tippling. 2. Absorbent. [L. bibo, drink.] BICARBONATE (bi-kar'bo-nat), n. Chem. Car- bonate containing two equivalents of carbonic acid to one of a base. [BI- and CARBONATE.] BICE (bis), n. Color used in painting, of two varieties, a pale blue and a green. [Fr., brown.] BICEPHALOUS (bi-sef'a-lus), a. Having two heads. [BI-, and Gr. kephale, head.] BICEPS (bi'seps), n. Front muscle of the upper arm. [L. bi (for bis), two, and caput, head.] BICHLORID (bi-clo'rid), BICHLORIDE (bi- clo'rid), n. Chem. Compound containing two atoms of chlorin to one atom of base. BICIPITAL (bi-slp'i-tal), a. Having two heads or two origins, as the bicipital muscles of the arm. [See BICEPS.] BICKER (bik'er), vi. [pr.p. BICK'ERING; p.t. and p.p. BICKERED (bik'erd).] 1. Engage in altercation, especially of a petty kind, by word of mouth; dispute; bandy words; wrangle. 2. Ripple. 3. Move quickly, with the clatter of feet. [Etym. doubtful; cognate with Wei. bikra, fight.] BICKER (bik'er), n. 1. Confused fight. 2. Dispute; wrangle. 3. Short, quick, clattering run. BICKERER (bik'er-er), n. One who bickers. BICKERN (bik'ern), n. Small anvil with a tang which stands in a hole of a work-bench. [Cor- ruption of BEAK-IRON.] BICOLOR (bi'kul-ur), BICOLORED (bi'kul-urd), a. Of two colors. BICONJUGATE (bi-kon'ju-gat), a. Bot. In pairs, side by side. BICORN (bi'karn), a. Two-horned. [L. Mcornis.] BICORNIS (bi-karn'is), a. 1. Anat. Having two terminations, as some muscles. 2. Bot. Hav- ing two horns; terminating in processes like two horns. [L., two-horned.] BICORNUS (bl-karn'us), a . Two-horned. BICORPORAL (bi-karpo-ral), a. Her. Having two bodies. BICRON (bi'kron), n. Mathematical designa- tion of one billionth of one meter. BICUSPID (bi-kus'pid), 1. a. 1. Anat. Having two points, or two fangs. 2. Bot. Double- pointed. II. n. Anat. Either of two teeth situated between the canines and the molars. [L. bi, two, and cuspts, point.] BICUSPID ATE (bi-kus'pi-dat), a. Having two points; bicuspid. BICYCLE (bi'si-kl), n. Two-wheeled vehicle, with the wheels ar- ranged tandem, and having a steering handle and a driv- ing mechanism en- abling the rider, who sits astride on a saddle, to propel it by means of pedals. [BI- and -CYCLE.] BICYCLE (bi'si-kl), vi. [pr.p. BI'CYCLING; p.t. and p.p. BICYCLED (bi'sl-kld).] Ride a bi- cycle. BICYCLER (bi'si-kler), n. Bicyclist; cyclist. BICYCLIST (bi'si-klist), n. One who rides a bicycle; cyclist. Bicycle. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BICYCLOMETER 124 BIGOT > BICYCLOMETER (bi-si-klom'e-ter), n. Self- registering and self-recording meter placed on pedal-crank of bicycle to register both speed and distance traveled on a bicycle. BID (bid), v. [pr.p. BIDDING; p.t. BABE (bad) or BID; p.p. BID'DEN or BID.] I. vt. 1. Com- mand; order; enjoin. 2. Invite; ask; request to come. 3. Offer; make a tender. 4. Declare; proclaim; as to bid defiance. 5. Wish; as to bid one God speed, or bid one farewell. II. vi. Make an offer; announce what price one is willing to pay for anything, or for what price one will do a particular thing. — Bid fair, offer a fair prospect. [A. S. beodan, command; also A. S. biddan, ask, pray.] SYN. Instruct; direct; charge; summon; tender; proffer; propose. ANT. Forbid; deter; restrain; prohibit. BID (bid), n. 1. An offer to pay or accept a par- ticular price. 2. Amount of the bid. BIDDER (bid'er), n. One who bids. BIDDING (bid'ing), n. 1. Command; order. 2. Invitation. 3. Act of bidding, as at a sale or auction. BIDDY (bid'i), n. Domestic fowl; chicken. [Etym. doubtful, probably from Fr. bidet, little creature.] BIDE (bid), v. [pr.p. BI'DING; p.t. and p.p. BI'BED or BODE.] I. vt. 1. Await; wait for. 2. Endure; suffer; tolerate. II. vi. Dwell; abide; stay; wait. [A. S. bidan.] BIDENT (hi'dent), n. Kind of ^pear having two points. [3L. bidens, having two teeth or prongs.] BIDENXAL (bi-dent'al), n. Having two prongs more or less like teeth. [L. 61, two, and dens, tooth.] BIDING (bi'ding), n. 1. Residence; habitation. 2. An awaiting. BIENNIAL (bi-en'ni-al), I. c. 1. Lasting two years. 2. Occurring once in two years. II. n. 1. Plant that lives two years. 2. Biennial occurrence. [L. 6i, two, and annus, year.] BIENNIALLY (bl-en'ni-al-i), adv. Every two years. BIER (ber), n. Frame of wood for carrying the dead. [A. S. bver; from beran, bear.] BIESTiNGS (best'ingz), n.pl. Same as BEEST- INGS. B I F E R (bi'fer), n. Bot. Plant bearing flowers or fruit twice in one season. [L. &i-, two, and fero, bear.] BIFEROUS (blf'er-us), a. Bot. Bearing twice in one season. BIFID (bi'fid), a. Split partly into two; two-cleft. [L. bi-, two, and fittdo, fidi, cleave.] BIFOLIATE (bi-fo'li-at), a. Bot. Two-leaved; having two leaves. [BI- and FO- LIATE.] Bifoliate Plant. BIFOLIOLATE (bi-fo'li-o-lat), a. Bot. Having two leaflets growing from the same point at the apex of the common petiole. BIFURCATE (bi-ffir'kat), vi. [pr.p. BIFUR'- CATING; p.t. and p.p. BIFURCATED.] Di- vide into two branches. [L. 6i-, two, and furca, fork.] BIFURCATED (bi-fiir'ka-ted), a. Having two branches or forks. BIFURCATION (bl-fur-ka'shun), n. Forking into two branches. BIG (big), a. [Comp. BIG'GER; Superl. BIG'- GEST.] 1. Large or great in bulk, amount, number, or intensity. 2. Full to overflowing. 3. Haughty; self-important. 4. Pregnant. [Etym. unknown.] SYN. Large; great; gross; massive; huge; bulky; enormous; ponderous; pompous; arrogant; proud. ANT. Little; small; nar- row; slight; minute; affable; easy. BIGA (bi'ga), n. Bom. Antiq. Chariot drawn by two horses abreast. [L.] BIGAMIST (big'a-mist), n. One guilty of bigamy. BIGA3IOUS (big'a-nms), o. Pertaining to bigamy; involving the commission of bigamy. BIGAMY (big'a-mi), n. Contracting a second marriage knowing the first to be still existing; having two wives or two husbands at a time. [L. bi-, two, and Gr. gamos, marriage.] BIGGER (big'er), a. Comparative of BIG. BIGGEST (big'est), a. Superlative of BIG. BIGGIN (big'in), n. 1. A child's cap. 2. Big- gonet. [Fr. beguin.] BIGGIN (big'in), n. Coffee-pot with a top fur- nished with a percolator. . [Named from the inventor, Mr. Biggin.] BIGGONET (big'o-net), n. Linen cap or coif, with large ear-like flaps, worn especially by the Beguin sisterhood. [Dim. of biggin.] BIGHEAD (big'hed), n. 1. Vet. Disease in horses and cattle causing enlargement of the head. 2. Megalomania. BIGHORN (bigharn), n. 1. Rocky Mountain sheep {Ovis montana). 2. Great fossil elk ( Cervus megaceros). [See ROCKY MOUNTAIN SHEEP.] BIGHT (bit), n. 1. Hollow, or inner bend of something bent; as the bight of the arm, the hollow of the elbow joint. 2. Geog. Bend of the shore; bay; small recess in a bay; bend in a river. 3. Naut. Loop or coil in a rope. [A. S. bugan, bend.] BIGNESS (big'nes), n. 1. Bulkiness; largeness. 2. Size, whether great or small. JBlGNONIA (big-no'ni-a), n. Bot. Genus of plants; the trumpet-flowers. Bignonia grandi- folia is the Chinese trumpet-flower, a climber having splendid scarlet flowers. [Named from Abbe Bignon, librarian of Louis XIV.] BIGOT (big'ut), n. Intolerant adherent of a par- ticular creed, system, or party. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \l-u in bcotch yude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. ' BIGOTED 125 BILLET BIGOTED (big'ut-ed), a. Affected with big- otry; narrow-minded. BIGOTRY (big'ut-ri), n. Blind and obstinate attachment to a creed, system or party, with offensive intolerance toward those who hold other views. [Fr. bigoterie.] BIJOU (be-zho'), n. [pi. BIJOUX (be-zho').] Trinket, jewel, or any small article of exquisite workmanship or design. [Fr.] BIJOUTRY (be-zho'tri), n. Bijoux collectively. [Fr. bijouterie.] BIKE (bik), n. Bicycle. (Slang.) BILABIATE (bi-la/bi-at), a. Bot. Having two lips; applied to a flower that has all or any of its parts collected into separate parcels or lips. [L. bi-, two, and labia, lip.] BILALO (be-la'16), n. [pi. BILA'LOS.] Two- masted passenger boat used in Manila bay. [East Ind.] BILAMELLATE (bi-lam'el-lat), a. Of or having two plates or lamellae. BILAMINATE (bi-lam'i-nat), a. Bot. Of or having two laminae. BILANDER (bil'an-der), n. Broad and flat boat used chiefly on the Dutch canals. [Dut. biglander, coaster.] BILATERAL (bi-lat'er-al), a. 1. Having, or arranged upon, two sides. — Bilateral symmetry, symmetry on the two opposite sides, as is the case with most animals, excepting the Badiata. BILBERRY (bil'ber-i), n. [pi. BIL'BERRIES.] European whortleberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus). [Sax. bilig, bladder, and BERRY.] BILBO (bil'bo), n. [pi. BIL'BOES.] 1. Flexible- bladed sword made at Bilboa, a town in Spain. 2. [pi.] Kind of fetters, consisting of a large bar of iron with shackles on it, made at Bilboa. BILE (bil), n. 1. Thick, yellow, bitter liquid, secreted by the liver. 2. Ill humor. [L. bilis, bile.] BILGE (bilj), n. 1. Bulging part of a cask. 2. Broadest part of a ship's bottom. 3. Bilge- water. BILGE (bilj), v. [pr.p. BIL'GING; p.t. and p.p. BILGED (biljd).] Naut. I. vt. Cause to spring a leak, as a ship breaking in her bilge. II. vi. Spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. BILGE-WATER (bilj'wa-ter), n. Foul water which gathers in the bilge of a ship. [See BULGE.] BILGE-WAYS (bilj'waz), n. Stocks or timbers that sustain the bilge of a vessel while being built. BILGY (bil'ji), a. Like bilge-water, as in smell. BILIARY (bil'i-a-ri), a. Pertaining to or con- veying bile. BILINGUAL (bl-ling'gwal), a. 1. Speaking two languages. 2. Written or expressed in two languages. [L. bilinguis; from bi-, two, and lingua, tongue.] BILIOUS (bil'yus), a. 1. Pertaining to bile. 2. Affected by bile; having a disordered liver; choleric in temper. BILIOUSNESS (bil'yus-nes), n. State of being bilious. BILITERAL (bi-lit'er-al), a. Formed of two letters. [L. bi, two, and litera, letter.] BILITH (bi'lith), n. Pillar or monument formed by two separate stones. [BI-, and Gr. lithos, stone.] -BILITY (bil'i-ti), suffix. Used for forming nouns from adjectives in -able, as capability from capable. [Fr. -bilite; from L. -bilitos, from -bilis, -able.] BILK (bilk), vt. [pr.p. BILK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BILKED (bilkt).] 1. Cheat; defraud; swindle. 2. Frustrate; disappoint. [Etym. doubtful; probably a variant of BALK.] BILK (bilk), n. 1. Cheat; fraud. 2. Frustra- tion; balk. BILL (bil), n. Beak of a bird, or anything similar in appearance. [A. S. bile, beak.] BILL (bil), vi. [pr.p. BILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BILLED (bild).] Join bills in a caress, as doves; caress; show special affection. BILL (bil), n. 1. Cutting instrument hook- shaped towards the point, or concave edge. 2. Ancient military weapon having a hook- shaped blade. 3. Any instrument shaped like the hooked bill of a bird, as a pickax, point of the fluke of an anchor, etc. [A. S. bill, ax, sword.] BILL (bil), vt. [pr.p. BILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BILLED (bild).] Use a bill upon. BILL (bil), n. 1. Written or printed statement of particulars; itemized list. 2 Account of money due. 3. Document for the transfer of money or the delivery of goods. 4. Any paper that circulates as money. 5. Adver- tising poster or circular. 6. Draft of pro- posed law. 7. Complaint, charge, petition, or statement of particulars filed in court. [O. Fr. bille; from L. L. bill, a variant of bulla, seal.] BILL (bil), vt. [pr.p. BILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BILLED (bild).] 1. Enter in a bill; make a bill of; charge. 2. Post or circulate in bills; announce by means of bills. 3. Put on a programme or announce the appearance of in a particular performance, or at a specified time and place. BILLABLE (bil'a-bl), a. Subject to charge by bill. BILLAGE (bil'aj), n. Naut. Breadthof a ship's floor when aground. BILLBOARD (bil'bord), n. Board on which bills or posters are displayed or posted. BILLET (bil'et), n. 1. Little note. 2. Ticket directing soldiers at what house to lodge. 3. Lodging thus obtained. [Fr., dim. of bille, bill.] BILLET (bil'et), v. [pr.p. BIL'LETING; p.t. and p.p. BII/LETED.] I. vt. Quarter, as soldiers, in a private house. II. vi. Lodge as a sol- dier thus quartered. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BILLET 126 BINOCLE BILLET (bil'et), n. Stick of wood for firing purposes; any short thick stick. [Fr. billette, fagot.] BILLET-DOUX (bil-e-do'), n. [pi. BILLETS- DOUX (bil-e-doz).] Short love letter. [Fr., from billet, little note, and doux, sweet.] BILLHEAD (bil'hed), n. Printed or lithographed form used by merchants and others at the head of their bills or memoranda. BILLIARD (bil'yard), a. Pertaining to the game of billiards, as billiard table. BILLIARDS (bilyardz), n. Game played on a table by means of cues and ivory balls. [Fr. billard; from bille, ball.] BILLINGSGATE (bilingz-gat), n. Vulgar and abusive language like that spoken at Billings- gate (the great fish-market of London). BILLION (bil'yun), n. In the IT. S. one thousand millions (1,000,000,000) ; in England one mil- lion millions (1,000,000,000,000). [Fr.] BILLOW (bil'6), n. 1. Great wave of the sea. 2. Great wave of any kind. — The billows, the sea. [O. Ger. belgan, swell; allied to BILGE or BULGE.] BILLOWY (bil'6-i), a. Swelled into billows; resembling billows. BILLPOSTER (bil'post-er), BILLSTICKER (bil'- stik-er), n. One whose occupation is to post or stick up bills on billboards, walls, etc. BILLY (bil'i), n. ipl. BIL'LIES.] Short thick bludgeon; policeman's club. [Originally thieves' slang.] BILOBATE (bi-16'bat), a. Bot. Same as BI- LOBED. [BI- and LOBATE.] BILOBED (bi'lobd), a. Bot. Two-lobed; partly, but not completely, divided into two segments. BILOCULAR (bi-lok'u-lar), a. Bot. Having two cells or compartments. [BI- and LOC- TJLAK.] BlMANA (bi-ma'na), n.pl. First or highest order of mammals, characterized by the two anterior extremities being formed into hands, while the other two extremities are real feet. It includes only man. [BI-, and L. manus, hand.] BIMANE (bi-man'), a. Bimanous. [Fr.] BIMANOUS (bi-ma'nus), o. Having two hands. [L. bi-, two, and manus, hand.] BIMEDIAL (bi-me'di-al), a. Geotn. Made up of the sum of two medial lines. [BI- and MEDIAL.] BIMETALLIC (bi-me-tal'ik), a. Of or relating to, or consisting of, two metals. BIMETALLISM (bi-met'al-izm), n. System of two metals in circulation as money at a fixed ratio. BIMETALLIST (bi-met'al-lst), n. One who favors bimetallism. BIMONTHLY (bi-munth'li), a. Happening, arriving, leaving, etc., once in two months. BIMUSCULAR (bi-mus'ku-lar), a. Conchol. Having two muscles, and consequently two muscular impressions on the shell. BIN (bin), n. Box or enclosed place, for holding corn, coal, meal, etc. Hence such compounds as corn-&in, coal-bin, etc. [A. S. binn, man- ger, crib.] BIN (bin), vt. [pr.p. BIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. BINNED (bind).] Place or store in a bin. BIN-, prefix. Form of BI- before vowels. [See BI-.] BINAL (bi'nal), a. 1. Marked by division into two parts. 2. Double; binary. BINARY (bi'na-ri), I. a. Consisting of two; double; dual. II. n. [pi. BI'N ARIES.] 1. That which is constituted of two things; duality. 2. Astron. Double or binary star. [L. bina- rius; from bini, two by two.] BIN ATE (bi'nat), a. Same as BIFOLIOLATE. BIND (bind), v. [pr.p BIND'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOUND (bownd).] I. vt. 1. Tie, fasten to- gether with a band. 2. Sew a binding on. 3. Fasten together and place protecting covers on (the leaves of a book). 4. Constrain or oblige by oath, agreement, or duty. 5. Con- firm; ratify; 6. Cause to cohere. 7. Restrain, or hold in subjection by physical power of any kind. 8. Compel to serve by legal com- pact, as to bind an apprentice. II. vi. 1. Grow contracted. 2. Become hard or stiff. 3. Be obligatory. 4. Stick. 5. Become constrain- ing. [A. S. bindanJ] SYN. Tie; fasten; secure; lace; fetter; shackle; oblige; compel; restrict; restrain. ANT. Untie; loose; unfasten; free; unbind. BIND (bind), n. 1. That which binds or is bound. 2. Stalk of hops. 3. Mining. Indura- ted clay of coal-mines. 4. Music. Curved line, which when placed over two notes of the same name or same pitch, directs that the two are to be sustained as one; slur; tie; ligature. BINDER (bind'er), n. One who or that which binds; as, a book&inder, or any machine or device for binding anything, such as an attachment to a reaper for binding sheaves of grain, or a device attached to a sewing machine for folding a binding about the edge of a fabric on to which it is being sewed. BINDERY (bind'er-i), n. [pi. BIND'ERDSS.] Place where books are bound. BINDING (bind'ing), n. 1. Act of one who binds. 2. That which binds, as the cover of a book, strip sewed on the edge of cloth, etc. BINDING (bind'ing), o. 1. Astringent. 2. Ob- ligatory. BINDINGLY (bind'ing-li), adv. So as to bind. BINDWEED (bind'wed), n. Bot. Name given to several species of plants of the genus Convolvulus, from the fact that they have long, slender, twining stems. BINNACLE (bin'a-kl), n. Naut. Case for a compass on shipboard. [L. habilaculum, dwelling.] BINOCLE (bin'o-kl), n. 1. Binocular telescope or field-glass. 2. Opera-glass. 3. Double eye- glass. [BIN-, and L. oculus, eye.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in Scotcb gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. BINOCULAR 127 BIRCH BINOCULAR (bin-ok'u-lar), I. a. 1. Having two eyes. 2. Pertaining to, or suitable for, both eyes. II. n. Telescope, field-glass, or microscope fitted for the simultaneous use of both eyes. [BIN-, and L. oculus, eye.] BINODAL (bi-no'dal), a. Bot. Having two nodes or stem-joints. BINOMIAL (bi-no'mi-al), I. a. Consisting of, or relating to, two terms; having two distinct names. II. n. 1. Algebra. Quantity com- posed of two terms connected together by the signs + or — ; thus, a + b and e — 5 are bi- nomial quantities. 2. Biol. Name indicating both genus and species, as Lilium tigrinum, or tiger lily. [BI-, and L. nomen, name.] BINOMINAL (bi-nom'i-naD, a. Having two names. [BI- and NOMINAL.] BINOUS (bi'nus), a. Bot, Double; in a pair. [L. bini, two by two.] BIO, stem. Life; as in Mogeny; autobiography, etc. [Gr. bios, life.] BIOBLAST (bi'6-blast), n. Same as BIOPLAST. BIOCHEMISTRY (M-6-kem/is-tri), n. Branch of biology which treats of the vital phenomena dependent upon chemical influences. [BIO and CHEMISTRY.] BIODYNAMICS (bi-6-di-nam'iks), n. Science which treats of vital activities or forces; dynamics of life. [BIO and DYNAMICS.] BIOGENESIS (bi-6-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. 1. Doc- trine that living matter can be produced only from that which is itself living. 2. Science of the origin of life in Its specific forms; biogeny. [BIO and GENESIS.] BIOGENETIC (bi-6-je-net'ik), n. Pertaining to biogenesis; produced in accordance with the doctrine of biogenesis. BIOGENY (bi-oj'e-ni), n. Biol. History of the evolution of living beings, or the origin of species. [BIO and -GENT.] BIOGRAPH (bi'd-graf), n. Apparatus for throwing upon canvas life-like animated pictures. [BIO and -GRAPH.] SYN. Cinematograph; eidoloscope; mag- niscope; mutoscope; vitascope. BIOGRAPHER (bi-og'ra-fer), n. One who writes an account of a person's life; writer of biography. BIOGRAPHIC (bi-6-graf'ik), BIOGRAPHICAL (bi-6-graf'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or consist- ing of biography. BIOGRAPHY (bi-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. BIOG'RA- PHIES.] 1. Written account of the life and character of a particular person. 2. Biograph- ical writings generally. [BIO and -GRAPHY.] BIOLOGICAL (bi-6-loj'i-kaD, a. Pertaining or relating to biology. BIOLOGIST (bi-ol'o-jist), n. One skilled in biology. BIOLOGY (bl-ol'6-ji), n. 1. Science of life in its widest acceptation. 2. Physiology. [BIO and -OLOGY.] BIOLYTIC (bi-6-lit'lk), I. a. Life-destroying. II. n. That which destroys life; biolytic agent. [Gr. bios, life, and lyd, loosen.] BIOMETER (bi-om'e-ter), n. Instrument for registering a person's vital force. [BIO and -METER.] BIOMETRY (bi-om'e-tri), n. Science which calculates the probable duration of life. [BIO and -METRY.] BION (M'on), n. Biol. Individual organism. [Gr. bios, life.] BIONOMY (bi-on'6-mi), n. Biol. That branch of biology that treats of the laws of living functions. [BIO and -NOMT.] BIOPLASM (bi'6-plazm), n. Living formative part of protoplasm; germinal matter. [BIO and PLASM.] BIOPLASMIC (bi-6-plaz'mik), a. Of or pertain- ing to bioplasm. BIOPLAST (bi'd-plast), n. Nucleus of germinal matter; protoplasmic cell. [BIO and -PLAST.] BIOPLASTIC (bi-6-plas'tik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of a bioplast. BIOTICS (bi-ot'iks), n. Science which treats of the properties or functions peculiar to living organisms. [Gr. biotikos.] BIPAROUS (bip'a-rus), a. Producing two at a birth. [L. bi-, two, and pario, produce.] BIPARTILE (bi-par'til), a. Capable of being divided into two equal parts. BIPARTISAN (bi-par'ti-zan), I. a. Pertaining to, supported by members of, or representing, two opposing parties. II. n. One who is sup- ported by members of two opposing parties. BIPARTITE (bi-par'tit), a. Being in, or con- sisting of, two corresponding parts. [BI-, and L. pars, part.] BIPARTITION (bi-par-tish'un), n. 1. Act or operation of dividing into two parts. 2. State of being so divided. BIPED (bi'ped), I. n. Animal having but two feet. II. a. Having two feet. BIPEDAL (bi'pe-dal), a. Of the nature of or pertaining to a biped. [L. bipes; bi, two, and pes, pedis, foot.] BIPENNATE (M-pen'at). a. Having two wings. BIFETALOUS (bi-pet'a-lus), a. Bot. Having two petals in the flower. [BI- and PETALOUS.] BIPINNATE (bl-pin'at), a. Bot. Doubly pin- nate. [BI- and PINNATE.] BIPLANE (bi'plan), n. Aeroplane having two supporting sur- faces or planes. [BI- and PLANE.] BI QUADRATE (bi-kwod'rat), n. Math. Fourth Biplane. power of a num- ber or quantity; square of a square. [BI- and QUADRATE.] BIRCH (berch), I. n. 1. Hardy forest tree, with smooth, white bark, and very durable wood. 2. Rod for punishment, consisting of a birch twig. II. a. Made of birch. fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. Birchen 128 BISEXUAL BIRCHEN (berch'en), a. Pertaining to or con- sisting of birch. [A. S. beorc] BIRD (berd), n. 1. Feathered, warm-blooded, oviparous, winged biped, of the class Aves. 2. Small bird that files, as distinguished from a large one, the latter being called a fowl. 3. Nestling. 4. "Wild bird regarded as game. 5. Term of endearment or otherwise. — Bird of Paradise, New Guinea bird, noted for the male bird's beauty of plumage. [A. S. bridd t young bird.l Bird of Paradise (Paradisea apoda). BIRD (berd), vi. [pr.p. BIRD'ING; p.t. and p.p. BIRD'ED.] Go hunting for birds, catch or snare birds. BIRD-BOLT (berd'bolt), n. Blunt arrow, for killing birds without piercing them. BIRD-CAGE (berd'kaj), n. Cage for birds. BIRDCALL (berd'kal), n. 1. Note of a bird in calling. 2. Device to imitate the call note of birds. BIRDIE (berd'i), n. Little bird. BIRDLIME (berd'lim), n. Sticky substance for smearing on twigs to catch small birds. BIRDMAN (berd'man), n. [pi. BIED'MEN.] Man who operates an aeroplane or a dirigible bal- loon; aviator; aeronaut; airman. BIRD-SEED (berd'sed), n. Any seed adapted for feeding birds. BIRD'S-EYE (berdz'i), I. a. 1. Resembling a bird's eye or birds' eyes. 2. Seen in a general way, as if by a bird flying over the landscape. II. n. 1. Eye of a bird. 2. Bot. Name of several plants with small bright, usually blue, flowers; Adonis flower. — Bird's-eye maple, sugar maple, so called on account of its knotty spots that have some resemblance to birds' eyes. BIRD'S-FOOT fberdz'fot), n. Bot. Plant of the genus Ornithopus. BIRD'S-NEST (berdz'nest), n. 1. Nest of a bird. 2. Naut. Lookout box on a masthead. 3. Bot. Plant resembling a bird's nest. — Mdible bird* s-nest, nest of a species of swift, formed from a marine plant that has been first di- gested by the bird, esteemed a great delicacy in China. BIREME (bi'rem), n. Ancient Roman vessel with two tiers of oars. [L. bi-, two, and remus, oar.] BIRETTA (bi-ret'a), n. Square clerical cap. [L. birrettum; from birrus, hood.] BIRMINGHAM (ber'ming-am), n. 1. Fourth city in England. 2. City in Alabama. 3. Suburb of Pittsburg. BIRR (ber), vi. [pr.p. BIRR'ING; p.t. and p.p. BIRRED (berd).] Make a whirring noise, as of wheels in rapid motion; whirr. [Scotch.] BIRR (ber), n. Whirring sound like that of a spinning wheel in motion; whirr. BIRTH (berth), n. 1. Act of bringing forth. 2. Act of being born; nativity; coming into ex- istence. 3. That which is born. 4. Rank; lineage. 5. Condition resulting from birth. 6. Origin; beginning; commencement. [A. S. beorth; from beran, bear.] SYN. Origin; beginning; source; descent; rise; line; race; parentage; family; ances- try; lineage; extraction. ANT. Death; extinction; plebeianism. BIRTHDAY (berth' ia), I. n. 1. Day on which a person was born. 2. Its anniversary. 3. Time of origin or commencement. II. a. Pertaining to the day on which one was born, or to fts anniversary. BIRTHMARK (berth'mark), n. Mark or blem- ish appearing on the body at birth. BIRTHNIGHT (berth'nic), n. 1. Night of one's birth. 2. Night of the anniversary of one's birthday. BIRTHPLACE (berth'plas), n. Place where a person was born; place of origin. BIRTHRIGHT (berth 'rit), n. Right or privilege acquired by birth; right of the first-born. BIS, (bis), adv. Twice. In music, a direction that a passage is to be repeated. It is the root of the prefix BI-, or BIN-. [See BI-.] [L.] BIS-, prefix. Same as BI-. [L. bis, twice; from duo, two.] BISCAY (bis'ka), BAY OF. Portion of Atlantic Ocean N. of Spain and W. of France. BISCUIT (bis'kit), n. 1. Small bread cake. 2. Cracker. 3. Bisque, pottery after the first baking. [Fr. biscuit, twice-cooked; from L. bis, twice, and coctus, cooked.] BISE (bez), n. Cold north-west wind on the Mediterranean. [Fr.] BISECT (bi'sekt), vt. [pr.p. BISECTING; p.t. and p.p. BI'SECTED.] 1. Divide into two parts. 2. Divide into two equal parts. [L. bi-, two, and sectum, p.p. of seco, cut.] BISECTION (bi-sek'shun), n. Act of bisecting. BISEGMENT (bi-seg'ment), n. One of the two segments of a bisected line. [31- and SEG- MENT.] BISEXUAL (bi-seks'u-al), a. Bot. Containing fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' BISHOP 129 BIVALENT { : ^^te stamens and pistils in the same envelope. [BI- and SEXUAL.] BISHOP (bish'up),w. 1. One of the higher clergy who has charge of a diocese. 2. Piece in the game of chess. 3. Mulled wine. BISHOPRIC (bish'up-rik), n. Office and juris- diction of a bishop; diocese. [A. S. Mseop — Gr. episkopos, overseer — epi, upon, and sko- peo, look.] Bismarck (Mz'mark) Archipelago. Group of islands (German Protectorate), N. of Australia. Area 20,000 sq. m. BISMUTH (biz'muth), n. Brittle reddish- white metal used in the arts andjnedicine. [Ger.] BISON (bl'sun), n. Wild ani- mal like the ox, with shag- gy hair and a fatty hump on its shoul- ders; the A- merican bi- son is com- monly, but American Bison (Bos ameri- erroneousiy, canus). called buffalo. [A. S. wisent.] BISQUE (bisk), n. 1. Unglazed white porcelain. 2. Thick white soup, especially of shell-fish. [See BISCUIT.] BISSEXTILE (bis-seks'til), I. n. Leap-year. II. a. Pertaining to leap-year. [L. Ms, twice, and sexius, sixth; from counting twice every fourth year Feb. 24, the sixth day before the calends of March. BISTER, BISTRE (bis'ter), n. Brown pigment from wood-soot. [Fr. histre, dark brown.] BISTOURY (bis'to-ri), n. Surg. Small knife or lancet for making incisions. [O. Fr. historic] BISULPHATE (bl-sul'fat), n. CJiem. Sulphate having two equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base. [BI- and SULPHATE.] BIT (bit), «?. Pasttense and past participle of BITE. BIT (bit), n. 1. Bite; morsel; small piece. 2. Tool for boring. 3. Metal part of a bridle which is placed in a horse's mouth. 4. Curb or restraint of any kind. 5. Small silver coin formerly in circulation in southern parts of U. S., worth I2f cents; 12-| cents. BIT (bit), vt. [pr'p. BIT'TIP^G; p,t. and p.p. BIT'TED.] Place a bit in the mouth of; bri- dle; as, to hit a horse. BITCH (bich), n. Female of the dog or other canine animal. [A. S. hiece.] BITE (bit), v. [pr.p. BI'TING; p.t. BIT; p.p. BIT'TEN or BIT.] I. vt. 1. Seize or tear with the teeth. 2. Sting; inflict sharp or smarting pain on. 3. Take firm hold of; grip. 4. Eat into, as an acid. 5. Trick. II. vi. 1. Use the teeth in seizing or crushing. 2. Be pun- gent; sting. 3. Take bait, as fish, 4. Take firm hold. [A. S. hitan.'] BITE (bit), n. 1. Act of biting. 2. Wound made by act of biting. 3. Morsel of food. 4. Hold or grip taken by a tool. 5. Trickster. 6. Corrosion of an acid. 7. Print. Part of an impression which is imperfectly printed, owing to the frisket not being sufficiently cut away. BITER (bi'ter), n. One who or that which bites. BITERNxlTE (bi-ter'nat), a. JBoU Doubly ternate, as in case of some leaves. BITING (bi'ting), a. Pungent; sharp; severe; caustic; nipping; keen. BITT (bit), n. Naut. One of the strong short pieces of timber projecting vertically from the deck of a vessel, in the fore part, and strongly secured to the beams on which the deck-pianks are laid. [Fr. hitte.] BITT (bit), vt. [pr.p. BITTING; p.t. and p.p, BITT'ED.] Naut. Put round the bitts. BITTEN (bit'en), v. Past participle of BITE. BITTER (bit'er), I. a. 1. Biting or acrid to the taste. 2. Bodily or mentally painful; stinging; severe. 3. Keenly hostile in feeling or words; acrimonious. 4. Mournful; sad; miserable. II. n. That which is bitter; bitterness. [A. S. hiter — hitan, bite.] §YN. Sharp; severe; acrid; acrimonious; harsh; stern; cruel; calamitous; grievous; sorrowful; poignant; afflictive. ANT. Sweet; pleasant; affable; genial. BITTERISH (bit'er-ish), a. Somewhat bitter. BITTERLY (bit'er-li), adv. In a bitter manners sharply; cruelly; severely. BITTERN (bit' em), n. Small heron that fre- quents wooded swamps, reeded pools, and marshes. [L. hoiaurus.] BITTERN (bit'em),??.. I. Syrupy residue from evaporated sea-water after the common salt has heen. taken out of it. 2. Bitter preparation for adulterating beer. [BITTER, a.] BITTERNESS (bit'Sr-nes), n. Quality of being- bitter. BITTER-ROOT (Mt'er-rot), n. Bet. Plant, the Jjewisia re&i&iva, of Montana, Idaho, etc. BITTERS (bit'erz), n.pl. Infusion of bitter herbs, generally mixed with ardent spirits. BITTER-SPAR (bit'er-spar), n. Dolomite or rhomb-spar. BITTERSWEET (bit'er-swet),. n. 1. Woody night-shade, a trailing plant whose root, when chewed, produces first a bitter, then a sweet taste. 2. An American climbing plant ( Celas- trus scandens). BITUMEN (bi-tu'men), n. Mineral pitch; as- phalt. [L.] BITUMINOUS (bi-tu'ixd-nus), a. Of, pertaining to, or containing bitumen. BIVALENCE (bl'va-iens), n. Ghent. Property of having a valence of two. BIVALENT (bi'va-lenfc), a. Having power to Bittern (Botaurus stellaris). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, ?„bove; Eae, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kii—ch in Scotch Loch. BIVALVE 130 BLACK-JACK Bivalve. directly unite with, or replace, two atoms of hydrogen, chlorine, or other monatomic element or monad radical. [BI-, and L. valentia, strength.] BIVALVE (bi'valv), I. ». Mollusk having a shell of two valves or parts, like the oyster. II. a. Having two valves. BIVALVULAR (bi-val'vu- lar), o. Having two valves. BIVIOUS (biv'i-us), o. Having or going two ways. [L. bivius.] BIVOUAC (biv'o-ak), I. vi. [pr.p. BIVOUACK- ING; p.t. and p.p. BIVOUACKED (biv'o-akt).] To camp for the night in readiness for action. II. n. An encampment of soldiers at night without tents, ready for sudden attack. [Ger. bei, by, and wacht, watch.] BIWEEKLY (bi-wek'li), I. a. Occurring once every two weeks. II. n. Biweekly publi- cation. BIZ ABBE (bi-zar'), I. c. Odd; fantastic; gro- tesque. II. n. 1. That which is fantastic or grotesque. 2. Carnation with a white ground, marked with two or more colors. [Fr.] BLAB (blab), v. [pr.p. BLAB'BING; p.t. and p.p. BLABBED (blabd).] I. vt. Tell or repeat im- prudently, or in disregard of friendly con- fidence. II. vi. Tattle; tell tales. [Dan. blabble, babble.] BLABBER (blab'er), n. One who blabs; telltale. BLACK (blak), a. 1. Of the darkest color; of the color of a body which absorbs all the rays of light; opposed to WHITE. 2. Swarthy. 3. Dis- colored by soil or soot. 4. Gloomy; dismal. 5. Foreboding; threatening. 6. Having a clouded countenance; sullen. 7. Atrociously cruel, or extremely wicked, as a black deed. [A. S. Mac] SYN. Dark; ebon; inky; pitchy; obscure; dusky; murky; dingy; dull; lugubrious; funereal; ominous; wicked; atrocious; in- fernal; hellish. ANT. White; snowy; light; stainless; propitious; promising; kindly; benignant. BLACK (blak), n. 1. Darkest of all colors. 2. Black dress; mourning; 3. Negro. 4. Black pigment. BLACK (blak), vt. [pr.p. BLACKING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKED (blakt).] Make black; blacken. BLACKAMOOR (blak'a-mor), n. Black person; negro or negress. [BLACK and MOOR.] BLACK ART. Necromancy; magic. BLACK-ASH (blak'ash), n. Chem. Impure soda formed In the manufacture of soda from sea-salt. BLACKBALL (blak'bal), n. 1. Composition for blacking shoes, formed into a ball. 2. Black ball used as a negative ballot. 3. Vote reject- ing application for membership. BLACKBALL (blak'bal), vt. [pr.p. BLACK- BALLING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKBALLED (blak'bald).] 1. Blacken with blackball. 2. Reject application of for membership by use of black balls as negative ballots; reject by blackball ballot or negative vote. BLACK BASS (blak'bas). 1. American fresh- water fish of the genus Micropterus, highly esteemed as a game fish. 2. Salt-water fish, the Labrax Lineatus, common on the coast of New England. BLACKBERRY (blak'ber-i), n. [pi. BLACK'- BERRIES.] Bot. Plant of any of several species of the genus Bubus, the bramble, or its fruit, especially Bubus fruticosus. BLACKBIRD (blak'berd), n. 1. In England, a thrush-like bird, the JSIerula merula or ring-ousel, the plumage of the male bird being altogether black, but that of the female a brown or dark russet color. 2. In America, any of several species of black or blackish birds, as the red-winged blackbird and the crow blackbird ( Quiscalus purpureus). BLACKBOARD (blak'bord), n. Board or other surface painted black, for marking on with chalk. BLACKCAP (blak'kap), n. 1. Zool. Small song- bird (Sylvia atricapilla), having the crown of the head black; the name is also given to various other birds similarly marked. 2. Black raspberry. BLACKCOCK (blak'kok), n. Male of the black grouse; heath-cock. BLACK CURRANT. Well-known garden bush, the Bibes nigrum^ or its fruit. BLACK-DEATH (blak'deth) n. Virulent plague occurring in Eastern Europe and Asia in the 14th century. BLACKEN (blak'en), v. [pr.p. BLACK'ENING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKENED (blak'end).] I. vt. 1. Make black; darken. 2. 31ake infamous; sully. II. vi. Grow black or dark. SYN. Obscure; defame; sully; befoul; slander; asperse; calumniate; vilify; malign; traduce. ANT. Whiten; clear; eulogize. BLACK-FLAG (blak'flag), n. The pirate's en- sign or flag. [From its color.] BLACKGUARD (blag'ard), I. n. Low, scurril- ous fellow. II. a. Vile; low; scurrilous. BLACKGUARD (blag'ard), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'- GUARDING; p.t. and p.p. BLACK'GUARDED.] Revile in scurrilous language. BLACKGUARDISM (blag'ard-izm), n. Con- duct or language of a blackguard. BLACK-HAND (blak'hand), n. Anarchistic league of blackmailers and assassins of the Latin race. BLACK-HEAD (blak'hed), n. Med. Comedo; semi-liquid secretions on nose and face in- dicated by black spots. BLACKING (blak'ing), n. Preparation used to give blackness and luster, as to shoes, etc. BLACKISH (blak'ish), a. Somewhat black. BLACK-JACK (blak'jak), n. 1. Species of oak, the Quercus nigra. 2. Name given by miners fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. _. BLACK LEAD 131 BLANKET to blende, or sulphide of zinc. 3. Pirate's ensign. 4. Kind of bludgeon. BLACK LEAD (blakled). Plumbago or graphite. BLACKLEAD (blakled), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'- LEADING; p.t. and p.p. BLACK'LEABED.] Cover with black lead, or graphite. BLACKLEG (blak'leg), n. Low gambler; sharper; swindler. BLACK LETTER (blak let'er). Old English or ancient Gothic letter. Used also attributively, as black-letter printing. — Black-letter day, un- lucky day. M&~ Qtytfi lint is Btt ut Mark Utter. BLACK LIST (blak'list). 1. List of delin- quents or defaulters, intended for the guidance of merchants and others, in trade. 2. List of employees stigmatized as unworthy, for private circulation among employers of labor. BLACKLIST (blak'list), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'LIST- 1 ING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKLISTED.] Place, as a person's name, on a black list. BLACKMAIL (blak'mal), n. 1. Extortion by threat of exposure. 2. Money so extorted. 3. Money anciently paid, for protection, to men allied with robbers. BLACKMAIL (blak'mal), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'- MAILING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKMAILED (blak'mald).] Extort money from by threats > of accusation or exposure. BLACKMAILER (blak'mal-er), n. One who blackmails. 1 BLACKNESS (blak'nes), n. Quality or state of being black. BLACK Sea. Inland body of water S. of Rus- sia, E. of Turkey, 700 m. long, 390 m. wide. BLACKSMITH (blak'smith), n. Smith who works in iron at a forge. BLACKSNAKE (blak'snak), n. 1. One of va- rious black or blackish snakes, especially the Bascanoin constrictor, of North America. It grows to a length of six feet, devours young birds, but is harmless to man. 2. Heavy flexible cowhide whip. BLACKTHORN (blak'tharn), n. 1. Sloe-tree. 2. Cane made of the sloe-tree. BLADDER (blad'er), n. 1. Thin membranous sac in animals, serving as a receptacle for a fluid. 2. Any similar sac. [A. S. blaedre.] BLADE (blad), n. 1. Spire of grass; leaf or flat part of a cereal or other similar plant. 2. Cut- ting part of a knife, sword, etc. 3. Flat part of an oar. 4. Dashing young fellow. [A. S. blaed, leaf.] BLADE-BONE (blad'bon), n. Shoulder-blade or scapula. BLADED (bla'ded), a. Having a blade or blades. BLAIN (blan), n. Pustule; blister. See CHIL- BLAIN. [A. S. blegen, boil.] BLAMABLE (bla'ma-bl), a. Deserving censure; culpable. BLAMABLT (bla'ma bli), adv. Culpably; cen- surably. parboil; g^ as " Blanching Celery. BLAME (blam), vt. [pr.p. BLA'MING; p.t. and p.p. BLAMED (blarad).] 1. Find fault with; censure. 2. Pass an unfavorable judgment upon. [Fr. bldmer; from Gr. blasphemed, slander.] BLAME (blam), n. 1. Imputation of a fault; censure. 2. Fault; culpability. BLAMEFUL (blam'fol), a. Meriting blame. BLAMELESS (blam'les), a. Without blame. BLAMELESSLY (biam'les-li), adv. In a blame- less manner. BLAMELESSNESS (blam'les-nes), n. Quality or state of being blameless. BLAMEWORTHY (blam'wur-tfci), a. Worthy of blame; culpable. BLANCH (blanch), v. [pr.p. BLANCHING; p.t. and p.p. BLANCHED (blancht).] I. vt . 0| Whiten parboil and skin, almonds. II. vi. Grow white. [Fr. blanchir ;tTomblanc, white.] BLANCH (blanch), n.\ Min. Ore when not in masses, but inti- mately mixed with other materials. BLANC-MANGE (bla-mangzh'), n. Jelly-like preparation of sea-moss, arrowroot, corn- starch or the like. [Fr. blanc, white, and manger, eat.] BLAND (bland), a. Mild; balmy; suave. [L. bland us, smooth.] BLANDILOQUENCE (blan-dil'o-kwens), n. Fair flattering speech. [L. blandus, bland, and loquor, speak.] BLANDISH (blandish), vt. [pr.p. BLAN'DISH- ING; p.t. and p.p. BLANDISHED (blan'disht).] 1. Cajole; fawn upon. 2. Render bland; soothe. [L. blandus, smooth.] BLANDISHMENT (blan'dish-ment), n. 1. Act of expressing fondness; artful caress. 2. Amenity; pleasure. BLANDLY (bland'li), adv. Gently; politely; placidly. BLANDNESS (bland'nes), n. Quality or state of being bland. BLANK (biangk), I. a. 1. White or pale. 2. Not written or printed upon, or maned. 3. Void; empty; vacant. 4. Confused. 5. Un- qualified; complete. 6. Unrhymed. II. n. 1. Paper unwritten upon; form not filled in. 2. Lottery ticket which draws no prize. 3. Empty space; mental vacancy. — Blank car- tridge, charge of powder for a rifle or other gun, containing no ball or shot. [Fr. blanc t white.] BLANKET (blangk'et), n. 1. Woolen covering for beds. 2. Covering for horses. 3. Broad wrapping or covering of any kind. [O. Fr. blanket, dim. of blanc] BLANKET (blangk'et), vt. [pr.p. BLANKET- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, — u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BLANKETING 132 BLAZON I\G; p.t. and p.p. BLANK'ETED.] 1. Cover with, or as with, a blanket. 2. Toss in a blanket. 3. Naut. Take the wind out of the sails of, as by a vessel passing to windward. BLANKETING (blangk'et-ing), n. Material for blankets. BLANKET-MORTGAGE (blangk'et-mar-gaj), n. Mortgage embracing several distinct and separate things or pieces of property. BLANKLY (blangk'li), adv. In a blank manner. BLANKNESS (blangk'nes), n. State of being blank. BLARE (blar), v. [pr.p. BLAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. BLASED (blard).] I. vt. Sound loudly, as blare a trumpet. II. vi. Give out a loud sound, as a trumpet. [Probably imitative.] BLARE (blar), n. Sound as of a trumpet. BLARNEY (blar'ni), n. Village and castle near Cork, Ireland. BLARNEY (blar'ni), n. Smooth, wheedling speech; persuasive glibness. [Blarney stone, in Blarney castle, Ireland, supposed to endow the person who kisses it with persuasive speech.] BLARNEY (blar'ni), vt. [pr.p. BLAR'NEYING; p.t. and p.p. BLARNEYED (blar'nid).] Cajole or wheedle by means of blarney. BLASE (bla-za'), a. Dulled in sense or emotion; wearied or sated through over-indulgence. [Fr.] BLASPHEME (blas-fem'), v. [pr.p. BLASPHE'- MING; p.t. and p.p. BLASPHEMED (blas- femd').] I. vt. 1. Speak impiously of God, or of sacred things. 2. Address calumnious language to; malign; revile. II. vi. Utter blasphemy; curse and swear. [L. blasphemo; from Gr. blasphemed, from blapto, hurt, and phemi, speak.] BLASPHE3IER (blas-fe'mer), n. One who blasphemes. BLASPHEMOUS (blas'fe-mus), a. Containing blasphemy; Impious; profane. BLASPHEMOUSLY (blas'fe-mus-li), adv. In a blasphemous manner; irreverently; pro- fanely. BLASPHEMY (blas'fe-mi), n. [pi. BLAS'- PHEMIES.] 1. Profane language towards God or sacred things. 2. Profanity; cursing and swearing. 3. Law. In England the legal crime of blasphemy is held to be committed when one denies the being or providence of God, utters contumelious reproaches against Christ, profanely scoffs at Scripture, or exposes it to contempt or ridicule. It is punishable by fine and imprisonment. BLAST (blast), n. 1. Sudden violent gust of wind. 2. Forcible stream of air artificially produced. 3. Blare of a trumpet or horn. 4. Explosion, as of dynamite; charge used to explode; effect of the explosion. 5. Any per- nicious or destructive influence upon animals or plants; blight. 6. Flatulent disease of sheep. 7. Exhaust-steam from an engine used to increase the draft. [A. S. bimst; from blcesan, blow.] BLAST (blast), v. [pr.p. BLASTING; p.t. and p.p. BLAST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Rend asunder by an explosion. 2. Strike with some pernicious influence; blight. 3. Affect with sudden violence or calamity. 4. Injure; destroy; make infamous. II. vi. Suffer blight; wither. BLASTEMA (blas-te'ma), n. [pi. BLASTE'MATA.] 1. Bot. Axis of the growth of an embryo. 2. Biol. Homogeneous, gelatinous, and gran- ular basis of the ovum. [Gr., germ.] BLASTEMAL (blas-te'mal), a. Pertaining to a blastema. BLASTER (blast'er),n. One employed in blasting. BLAST-FURNACE (blast' fur-nas), n. Large retort or furnace supplied with draft of air under pressure to induce liquefaction of metals. BLASTING (blast'ing), n. 1. Act or operation of rending rocks, etc., by means of the ex- plosion of gunpowder, dynamite, etc. 2. Act of blighting or withering. BLASTOCARPOUS (blas-to-kar'pus), a. Bot. Germinating inside the pericarp. [Gr. blastos, germ, and karpos, fruit.] BLASTODERM (blasto-derm), n. Bmbryol. Germinal membrane. [Gr. blastos, germ, and derma, skin.] BLASTOGENESIS (blas-to-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. Multiplication of organisms by budding or gemmation. [Gr. blastos, germ, and GENESIS.] BLAT (Mat), vi. [pr.p. BLAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. BLAT'TED.] 1. Bleat as a calf. 2. Make senseless noise or disturbance. BLATANT (bla'tant), a. Brawling; noisy; blustering. [A. S. blozten, bleat.] BLATHERSKITE (blafft'er-skit), n. Nonsensical talkative person. BLASE (blaz), v. [pr.p. BLA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. BLAZED (blazd).] I. vi. 1. Burn with a flame. 2. Send forth a flaming light. II. . vt. Publish abroad; proclaim. [A. S. blcese, blase, torch.] BLAZE (blaz), n. 1. Stream of light and heat from a burning object; flame. 2. Vivid light; glare. 3. Shining display; glitter. 4. Out- burst; vehement manifestation. BLAZE (blaz), n. 1. Mark made hy paring bark from a tree. 2. White spot on the face of a horse or cow. [Dut. bles, pale.] BLAZE (blaz), vt. [pr.p. BLA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. BLAZED (blazd).] 1. Mark (trees) by paring off part of the bark. 2. Mark out (a way or path) in this manner. BLAZER (bla'zer), n. 1. Blazoner; herald. 2. Light-weight sporting jacket. 3. Kind of chafing-dish. BLAZON (bla'zn), n. 1. Act or art of drawing, describing, or explaining coats-of-arms. 2. Armorial bearing; coat-of-arms. 3. Pompous display; show; publication. [Fr. Mason, coat- of-arms.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, U=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, taen, kh=c7i in Scotch Loch, ' BLAZON 133 BLET BLAZON (bla'zn), vU [pr.p. BLAZONING; p.t. and p.p. BLAZONED (bla'znd).] 1. Proclaim or publish far and wide. 2. Display or set forth conspicuously. 3. Adorn; embellish. 4. Emblazon; delineate. 5. Describe or explain, as armorial bearings. BLAZONER (bla/zn-er), n. 1. One who blazes, or publishes anything extensively abroad. 2. One who blazons coats-of-arms. BLAZONRY (bla'zn-ri), n. 1. Art of delineating or of explaining coats-of-arms. 2. Armorial bearings. 3. Decoration; display. -BLE, suffix. See -ABLE. BLEACH (blech), v. [pr.p. BLEACHING; p.t. and p.p. BLEACHED (blecht).] I. vt. Make pale or white. II. vi. Grow pale. [A. S. blcBcan.'] BLEACHER (blech'er), n. 1. One who or that which bleaches. 2. Spectator sitting or stand- ing in a bleachery. BLEACHER Y (blech'er-i), n. [pi. BLEACH'- ERIES.] 1. Place for bleaching. 2. Uncovered seat or stand for spectators, in the open air. BLEACHING (blech'ing), n. Act or art of bleaching. BLEAK (blek), a. 1. Unsheltered; desolate; cheerless. 2. Cold; cutting; keen. [A. S. blcec, bldcy pale.] BLEAKLY (blek'li), adv. In a bleak manner; coldly. BLEAKNESS (blek'nes), n. State or quality of being bleak. BLEAR (bier), I. vt. [pr.p. BLEARING; p.t. and p.p. BLEARED (blerd).] 1. Make (the eyes) sore and watery. 2. Becloud; bedim; obscure. II. a. Inflamed and watery; dim or blurred with inflammation. [Modification of BLUR.] BLEAREDNESS (blerd'nes), n. . State of being bleared. BLEAR-EYE (bler'i), n. Eye which has its vision obscured by rheum. BLEAR-EYED (bler'Id), a. 1. Having blear- eyes. 2. Wanting discernment. BLEARY (bler'i), a. Inclined to be blear. BLEAT (Met), I. vi. [pr.p. BLEATING; p,t. and p.p. BLEATED.] Cry as a sheep. II. n. Cry of a sheep. [A. S. blcetan, bleat.] BLEATER (blet'er), n. One who or that which bleats, especially a sheep. BLEATING (blet'ing), n. Utterance of the cry of a sheep. BLEB (bleb), n. Blister, air-cell, bubble, or any- thing similar. [Imitative.] BLED (bled), v. Past tense and past participle of BLEED. BLEED (bled), v. [pr.p. BLEEDING; p.t. and p.p. BLED.] I. vt. 1. Draw blood from. 2. Exude, as a tree its sap. 3. Extort money from; draw upon (another's financial resources) excessively. (Colloq.) II. vi. 1. Lose blood. 2. Die a violent death. 3. Feel acute mental pain. 4. Lose by exudation, as a tree its sap. [A. S. bledan, from blod, blood.] BLEEDING (bled'ing), n. 1. Running or issu- ing of blood; hemorrhage. 2. Operation of letting blood, or of drawing sap. 3. Book- binding. Trenching upon the printed matter of a book when cutting the edges of the vol- ume. BLEMISH (blemish), vt. [pr.p. BLEMISHING; p.t. and p.p. BLEMISHED (blem'isht).] Mark with any deformity; mar; tarnish; taint; sully; impair physically or morally. [O. Fr. blemir t soil, injure.] BLEMISH (blem'ish), n. Mark of defect; stain; any blot or taint, physical or moral. BLENCH (blench), vi. [pr.p. BLENCHING; p.t. and p.p. BLENCHED (blencht).] Shrink; quail; shun. [A. S. blenkan, wink, deceive.] BLEND (blend), v. [pr.p. BLEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. BLEN'DED or BLENT.] I. vt. Mix or mingle intimately; confound in a mass. II. vi. Become so mixed. [A. S. blandan, mix.] BLEND (blend), n. Mixture of different kinds, as of teas, liquors, etc. BLENDE (blend), n. Mineral. Native sulphide of zinc; sphalerite. [Ger. blcnden, dazzle.] BLENDER (blend'er), n. One who or that which blends. BLENDING (blend'ing), n. 1. Act of mixing or state of being mixed. 2. Tainting. Method of laying on different colors so that when dry they may appear to the eye to blend insensibly into each other. BLENNT (blen'i), n. Small active fish found in rocky places on thesea-shore; sometimes called butterfly fish. Blenny (Aliicus saliens), BLEPHAROSTAT (blef'a-ro-stat) n. Oculist's device for separating eyelids while perform- ing an operation. BLESS (bles), vt. [pr.p. BLESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. BLESSED (blest), or BLEST.] 1. Invoke divine favor upon. 2. Make happy, or pros- perous. 3. Wish happiness to. 4. Praise or glorify. [A. S. blessian.] BLESSED (bles'ed), a. 1. Happy. 2. Worthy of veneration. 3. Beatified. BLESSING (bles'ing), n. 1. Invocation of hap- piness. 2. Means or cause of happiness. 3. Divine favor. BLEST (blest), I. v. Past participle of BLESS. II. a. Made happy, or making happy. BLET (blet), vi. [pr.p. BLET'TING; p.t. and fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, iX=u in' Scotch (jade; oil, owl, then, kn=c/i in Scotch loch. BLEW 134 BLOCK Fuel in a grate Eyeless fish, the p.p. BLET'TED.] Become bruised in ap- pearance, as overripe fleshy fruits; acquire marks of decay. BLEW (bio), v. Past tense of BLOW. BLIGHT (blit), n. 1. Disease in plants, which blasts or withers them. 2. Anything that injures or destroys. [A. S. bltec, pale.] BLIGHT (blit), v. [pr.p. BLIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BLIGHT'ED.] I. vt. Affect with blight; blast. II. vi. Be affected with blight. BLIND (blind), I. a. 1. Destitute of sight; want- ing the faculty of vision. 2. Destitute of understanding or judgment; without foresight. 3. Not seeing or pretending not to see. 4. Difficult to discern; unintelligible. 5. Having no outlet; affording no passage. 6. Not planned beforehand; fortuitous. 7. Heed- less; inconsiderate. II. n. 1. Anything that obstructs vision; shade; shutter; screen; blinker. 2. Something to mislead the eye or the understanding. 3. Blind person. — The blind, blind persons taken collectively. BLIND (blind), vt. [pr.p. BLIND'ING; p.t. and p.p. BLINDED.] 1. Make blind; deprive of sight. 2. Hinder perception of; screen; ob- scure. 3. Darken the understanding of. BLINDER (bllnd'er), n. 1. One who or that which blinds. 2. Blinker. BLIND-FIRE (blind'fir), n, all ready to kindle. BLINDFISH (blind'fish), n. Arriblyopsis spelveus, of the Mam- moth Cave, Kentucky. BLINDFOLD Blindfish. (bllnd'fold), vt. [pr.p. BLIND 'FOLDING; p.t. and p.p.BLIND'FOLDED.] 1. Bandage or cover the eyes of, and thus hinder from seeing. 2. Hoodwink; mislead. [BLIND and FOLD.] BLINDFOLD (blindfold), I. a. Having the eyes bandaged so as to prevent seeing. II. n. Blind; blinder. BLINDLY (bllnd'li), adv. In a manner as if blind. BLIND MAN'S BUFF (blind'manz buf). Play In which one, who is blindfolded, tries to catch another and give his name. BLINDNESS (blind'nes), n. State of being blind. BLIND PIG (blind pig). Illicit and secret place where intoxicating liquors are dispensed. (Colloq.) BLIND SIDE (blind sld). Side most easily as- sailed; foible. BLINDWORM (blind'wurm), n. Non-venomous reptile {Anguis fragilis), more commonly called the slow-worm. [So called from the small size of its eyes.] BLINK (blingk), v. [pr.p. BLINKING; p.t. and p.p. BLINKED (blingkt).] I. vt. Shut out of sight; purposely avoid seeing. II. vi. Peer with the eyes half shut; glance; twinkle; wink. [A. S. blican, twinkle.] BLINK (blingk), n. 1. Glimpse; glance; wink. 2. Gleam; glimmer. BLINKARD (blingk'ard), n. One who or that which blinks. BLINKER (blingk'er), n. 1. Piece of leather on a horse's bridle which prevents him from seeing on the side; blinder. Usually In tho plural. 2. Blinkard. BLISS (blis), n. Highest happiness; felicity. [A. S. blis; from blithe, joyful.] SYN. Ecstasy; beatitude; delight; bless- edness; joy; rapture. ANT. Accursedness; condemnation; suffering; misery; woe; wretchedness. BLISSFUL (blis'fol), a. Enjoying or inpartlng bliss. BLISSFULLY (blis'fol-i), adv. In a blissful manner. BLISSFULNESS (blis'fol-nes), n. State or quality of being blissful. BLISTER (blis'ter), n. 1. Thin vesicle on the skin, containing watery matter; pustule. 2. Plaster to raise a blister. 3. Anything re- sembling a vesicle on the skin. [Etym. doubtful, probably from same root as BLAST.] BLISTER (blis'ter), v. [pr.p. BLIS'TERING; p.t. and p.p. BLISTERED (blis'terd).] I. vt. 1. Apply a blistering plaster to the skin of. 2. Raise a blister or blisters on. 3. Injure or cause pain to, as if by a blister. II. vi. Rise in a blister or blisters. BLISTERY (blis'ter-i), a. Covered with blisters. BLITHE (hUth or blith), a. Joyous; gay; happy. [A. S.] BLITHELY (bhWli), adv. In a blithe or joyous manner. BLITHESOME (bhWsum), a. Joyous; cheerful. BLITHESOMENESS (bUWsum-nes), n. Quality of being blithesome. BLIZZARD (bliz'ard), n. Storm characterized by a fierce and bitterly cold wind and fine blinding snow. [Origin of term not known, but first used in U. S., colloquially. Probably allied to BLAST.] BLOAT (blot), v. [pr.p. BLOATING; p.t. and p.p. BLOAT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to swell, or puff up or out; make turgid. 2. Inflate with vanity or self-adulation. II. vi. Grow turgid; become puffed up or inflated. [Etym. doubtful. Skeat suggests Ice. blotna, become soft, from blautr, soft.] BLOAT (blot), a. Smoke-dried, as a bloat- herring. [Sw. blot, soft, pulpy.] BLOAT (blot), vt. [pr.p. BLOATING; p.t. and p.p. BLOAT'ED.] Cure by drying in smoke, as herring. BLOATER (blot'er), BLOAT-HERRING (blot- her'ing), n. Smoke-dried herring. BLOB (blob), n. Anything tumid; bubble; blister; drop. [See BLEB.] BLOCK (blok), n. 1. Solid mass of a substance. 2. Short thick piece of wood, stone, or other material. 3. Piece of wood on which criml- fate, fat, ta >ove; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, _„.ii yude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch, BLOCK 135 BLOOD-PLAQUES nals are decapitated. 4. Wooden or other mold on which a thins is shaped, as a hat block* 5. Pulley together with its frame- work. 6. Section or divisional part of any- thing, as a row of houses hetween two streets, a city square, etc. 7. Auctioneer's counter or stand, especially where slaves are sold. 8. Solid piece of wood on which figures are en- graved. 9. Obstruction; hindrance; impedi- ment; stop. 10. Condition of being obstruct- ed or stopped. — Block signal, signal to stop a train in consequence of the next block sec- tion not being reported clear. — Block system, system for the control of railroad trains which are moving in the same direction on the same track. The block stations are usually from 3 to 5 miles apart, and have signal lights for stopping or blocking trains. Each section must be reported clear before a train is per- mitted to enter it. The signals are electrically controlled and work automatically. [Fr. bloc; origin doubtful.] BLOCK (blok), vt. [pr.p. BLOCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BLOCKED (blokt).] 1. Obstruct; im- pede; stop; close up. 2. Shape on a block or Into blocks. 3. Roughly mark out a plan of. BLOCKADE (blok-ad'), I. vt. [pr.p. BLOCKA- DING; p.t. and p.p. BLOCKADED.] Block up or close to traffic. II. n. 1. Shutting up of a place by surrounding it with troops or ships. 2. Obstruction to traffic or action. [BLOCK and -ADE.] BLOCK ADER (blok-a'der), n. One who or that which blockades. BLOCKCHAIN (blok'chan), n. Chain of pivot links used on sprockets of bicycles and auto- mobiles. BLOCKHEAD (blok'hed), n. Stupid person; dolt. BLOCKHOUSE (blok'hows), n. Small tempo- rary fort, generally made of logs. BLOCKISH (blok'ish), a. Like a block; dull; doltish. BLOCKISHLY (blok'ish-li), adv. In a blockish manner. BLOCKISHNESS (blok'ish-nes), n. Quality of being blockish. BLOCK-TIN (blok'tln), n. Tin cast into blocks or in ingots. BLOEMFONTEIN (blom-fon'tin), n. Capital of Orange River Colony, Africa. BLOND, BLONDE (blond), I. a. Of fair com- plexion; fair. II. n. Person of fair complex- ion, with light hair and eyes. [Fr.] BLONDE, BLOND-LACE (blond'las), n. Gos- samer-like fabric, formerly made only of blond silk, but later of silks of darker colors, Including black. BLOOD (blud), n. 1. Vital fluid which circulates through the arteries and veins of animals. 2. Connection by descent; lineage; progeny. 3. Slaughter. 4. Temper; mood; passion. 5. Man of ardent temperament. 6. The respon- sibility or stain of a bloody deed. 7. Any liquid resembling blood In color, or In some other obvious character. 8. Carnal part as opposed to spiritual. 9. Blood-horse. [A. S. U6d.] BLOOD (blud), vt. [pr.p. BLOOD'ING; p.t. and p.p. blooded,] 1. Make bloody; cause to bleed. 2. Inure or accustom to the sight or to the shedding of blood. BLOOD (blud), a. 1. Pertaining to blood. 2. Of the color of blood. 3. Of lineage or pure breed, and presumably of high spirit or mettle; as, a blood-horse. BLOOD-BLISTER (blud'blis-ter), n. Coagula- tion of blood caused by injury that does not break the skin. BLOODCURDLING (blud'kur-dling), a. Terri- fying. BLOODED (blud'ed), a. 1. Of pure blood or breed. 2. Having blood of the kind specified, as in warm-blooded. BLOODGUILTINESS (blud'gilt-i-nes), n. Guilt or guiltiness of having shed blood without proper justification. BLOODGUILTT (blud'gilt-i), a. Guilty of shed- ding blood; guilty of murder. BLOOD-HEAT (blud'het), n. Heat of same degree as blood in man, about 98}£ . BLOOD-HORSE (blud'hars), n. Horse of the purest breed, or best stock. BLOOD-HOT (blud'hot), a. Warm as blood Is at its normal temperature. BLOODHOUND (blud'- hownd), n. Hound re- markable for its acute- ness of scent, now gen- erally used to track escaped criminals by means of its keen scent. BLOODIED (blud'id), a. Stained or smeared with blood; bloody. BLOODILY (blud'i-li), adv. BLOODINESS (blud'i-nes), bloody. BLOODLESS (blud'les), a. 2. Without bloodshed, vigor. BLOODLESSLY (blud'les-li), adv. In a blood- less manner; without effusion of blood. BLOODLETTER (blud'let-er), n. One who lets blood. BLOODLETTING (blud'let-ing), n. Med. Vene- section; act of drawing blood. BLOOD-MONEY (blud'mun-i), n. Price paid for bloodshed. BLOOD-ORANGE (blud'or-anj), ». Orange with blood-like pulp. BLOOD-PHEASANT (blud'fez-ant), w. Asiatic alpine bird of the genus Ithaginis, named from the rich scarlet color of its neck and breast. BLOOD-PLAQUES (blud'plaks), n. Minute dis- coidal bodies in the blood of mammals. Bloodhound. In a bloody manner. a. State of being 1. Without blood. 3. Without spirit or fi fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; \\=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in, Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, BLOOD-POISONING 136 BLOW BLOOD-POISONING (blud'poi- zn-ing), n. Pathol. Bacterial contamination of the blood. BLOOD-PUDDING (blud'pod-ing), n. Meat pudding in which cooked blood is the principal ingredient. BLOOD-RELATION (blud're-15-shun), n. One related by descent; kinsman or relative by birth. BLOODROOT (blud'rot), n. Bot. Plant (San- guinaria Canadensis), having a red root and red sap. BLOODSHED (blud'shed), n. Shedding of blood; slaughter. BLOODSHOT (blud'shot), a. Red or inflamed with blood; said of the eyes. BLOODSTONE (blud'ston), n. Min, Jaspery variety of quartz, of a dark-green color, varie- gated with red spots. BLOODSUCKER (blud'suk-er), n. Animal that sucks blood; leech. 2. Bloodthirsty person; murderer. 3. Extortioner or usurer. BLOODTHIRSTY (blud'therst-i), a. Desirous to shed blood; vindictive. BLOOD-VESSEL (blud'ves-el), n. Artery, vein, or other vessel in which blood circulates in the animal body. BLOOD-WARM (blud'warm), a. Of the tem- perature of blood; lukewarm. BLOODY (blud'i), a. 1. Stained with blood. 2. Marked by cruelty; attended with bloodshed. 3. Given to bloodshed; bloodthirsty. 4. Of the color of or suggestive of blood. BLOODY (blud'i), vt. [pr.p. BLOOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. BLOOD'IED (blud'id).] Stain or smear with blood. BLOODY-MINDED (blud'i-mind-ed), a. Of a cruel or bloodthirsty disposition. BLOOM (blom), vi. [pr.p. BLOOMING; p.t. and p.p. BLOOMED (blomd).] 1. Come into blossom; flower. 2. Be in a state of vigor or beauty flourish. [A. S. blowan, bloom.] BLOOM (blom), n. 1. Blossom or flower. 2. Glow of health or freshness. 3. Downy, delicate coating on plums, grapes, etc. 4. Prime, highest perfection. 5. Act of blos- soming or state of being in blossom. BLOOM (blom), n. Mass of puddled iron freed of dross or slag. [A. S. bloma, mass, lump of metal.] BLOOMARY (blom'a-ri), n. Same as BLOOM- ERY.] BLOOMERS (blom'erz), n.pl. Wide Turkish trousers worn by women, with or without an overskirt. [Named from Mrs. Anne Bloomer of New York, who proposed them, in 1849.] BLOOMERY (blom'er-i), n. [pi. BLOOM'ERIES.] First forge through which iron passes after it is smelted from the ore. BLOOMING (blom'ing), a. 1. Coming into flower; flowering. 2. Showing the freshness and beauty of youth. 3. Thriving; prosperous; flourishing. BLOOMING (blom'ing), n. 1. Metal. Process of depriving iron of its dross by shingling or squeezing. 2. Paint. Clouded appearance which varnish sometimes assumes on the surface of a picture. BLOOMY (blom'i), a. 1. Full of blossoms; abounding in blooms; flowery. 2. Having freshness or vigor as of youth. BLOSSOM (blos'um), n. 1. State of blooming; bloom. 2. Flower or corolla of a plant; flower-bud. ■ [A. S. blostina.] BLOSSOM (blos'um), vi. [pr.p. BLOS'SOMING; p.t. and p.p. BLOSSOMED (blos'umd).] 1. Put forth blossoms; bear flowers; blow; bloom; flower. 2. Prosper; flourish; thrive. BLOSSOM Y (blos'um-i), a. Full of blossoms; abounding in flower-buds; blooming. BLOT (blot), n. 1. Spot or stain, as a blot of ink on paper. 2. Blemish upon the character or reputation; stigma; disgrace; reproach. 3. That which causes an obliteration or erasure. 4. Act of blotting or state of being blotted. [Ice. blettr, spot, stain.] BLOT (blot), v. [pr.p. BLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. BLOT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make a spot or stain upon, as by permitting a drop of ink to fall on paper; stain; spot. 2. Cause a stain or blemish on the character or reputation of; sully; tarnish; disgrace. 3. Obliterate; efface; erase; blur; expunge. 4. Dry with blotting- paper. II. vi. 1. Make a spot or stain. 2. Become spotted, stained or blurred. 3. Efface; erase. BLOT (blot), n. 1. In backgammon, an exposed piece. 2. Exposed point; weak spot, or place in anything. [A. S. bleat, naked.] BLOTCH (bloch), I. vU [pr.p. BLOTCHING; p.t. and p.p. BLOTCHED (blocht).] Mar or disfigure with, blotches. II. n. 1. Spot or blemish. 2. Discoloration or eruption on the skin. [From BLOT.] BLOTCHED (blocht), a. Marked with blotches. BLOTCHY (bloch'i), a. Having blotches; spotted. BLOTTER (blot'er), n. 1. One who or that which blots. 2. Sheet, pad, or book of blotting- paper. 3. Waste-book; book of first entry. BLOTTING-PAPER (blot'ing-pa-per), n. Un- sized paper, used for absorbing ink, preventing blots. BLOUSE (blowz), n. 1. Light, loose outer gar- ment. 2. Loose-fitting waist or jacket. [Fr.] BLOW (bio), v. [pr.p. BLOWING; p.t. BLEW (bio); p.p. BLOWN (blon).] I. vt. Produce blossoms or flowers. II. vi. Come into blos- som; bloom. [A. S. blowan.] BLOW (bio), n. 1. State of blossoming. 2. Blossom; flower-bud. BLOW (bio), n. 1. Severe stroke or knock. 2. Sudden calamity; buffet. [From A. S. bleo- ■voan, beat blue.] SYN. Thump; thwack; shock; misfor- tune. ANT. Pat; caress; assuagement; consolation; comfort; blessing. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch, BLOW 137 BLUENOSE BLOW (bio), v. [pr.p. BLOWING; p.t. BLEW (bio), or BLOWS© (Mod); p.p. BLOWN (blon), or BLOWEB (blod).] I. vt. 1. Drive air upon or into. 2. Drive by a current of air. 3. Innate with air, or shape or form by such inflation. 4. Sound,, as hioiv a wind instrument. 5. Spread by report. 6. Taint by depositing eggs upon, as flies do. 7. Shatter hj explosion. 8. Put out of breath. 9. Eject by means of air, as a whale. II. vi. 1. Produce a current of air. 2. Move, as wind in a strong or gentle breeze. 3. Sound, as a horn when blown. 4. Pant; puff; be out of breath. 5. Emit a jet of water or steam. 6. Be carried along by the wind. 7. Vaunt; boast; brag. (Colloq.) 8. Make known; betray. (Colloq.) [A. S. bldwan.] BLOW (bio), n. 1. Act of blowing. 2. Breeze. 3. Eggs deposited by a fly. 4. Sound of a wind instrument. 5. Spouting of a whale. BLOWAGE (blo'aj), n. Loss in wines and liquors through inefficient corking. BLOWBALL (blo'bal), n. Downy head of the dandelion in seed. BLOWEB (blo'er), n. 1. One who blows. 2. That which blows; any device for produc- ing an artificial current of air. BLOWFLY (blo'fli), n. Fly which taints meat by its eggs; bluebottle (CallipJiora erythro- cephala). BLOWGUN (blo'gun), n. Tube used for blowing missiles through. BLOWHOLE (blo'hol), n. 1. Nostril of a whale, through which it blows water to a great height. 2. Air-hole in the ice. 3. Defect in iron or steel caused by the escape of air or gas during the process of solidification. BLOWN (blon), v. Past participle of BLOW. BLOW-OFF (blo'af), n. Pipe to release surplus steam. BLOWPIPE (blo'pip), n. Pipe through which a cur- rent of air is blown on a flame to intensify its heat. BLOWTORCH (blo'tarch), n. Automatic blast lamp for fusing. BLOWTUBE (blo'tub), n. 1. Metal or glass tube for throwing missiles with air expelled from the mouth. 2. Tube used by glass-blowers to render glass pliable by heating. BLOWZY (blow'zi), n. 1. Tanned and ruddy- faced. 2. Disheveled. BLUBBER (blub'er), v. [pr.p. BLUB'BERING; p.t. and p.p. BLUBBERED (blub'erd).] I. vt. Swell (the cheeks) with weeping. II. vi. Weep in a noisy manner. [Allied to BUBBLE.] BLUBBER (blub'er), n. Oil-yielding fat lying immediately beneath the skin and over the muscular flesh of whales and other cetaceans. BLUBBER Y (blub'er-i), a. Like blubber. BLUCHER (blo'cher), n. Kind of half-boot, Blowpipe. named after the Prussian fleldmarshal von Hl'dcher. BLUDGEON (bluj'un), n. Short stick with a heavy end to strike with. [Etym. doubtful.] BLUE (bio), I. a. [Comp. BLU'ER; superl. BLU'EST.] 1. Sky-colored. 2. Cast down or depressed in spirits. 3. Dismal; dreary; dispiriting. 4. True; genuine; constant. 5. Strict in moral or religious requirements; puritanic. 6. Livid, as in "black and blue." 7. Pedantic; said of women. II. n. 1. Sky- color; azure; one of the seven primary colors. 2. Pigment or dye of this color. — The blues, low spirits. [O. Fr. bleu.] BLUE (bio), vt. [pr.p. BLUING; p.t. and p.p. BLUED (blod).] 1. Make blue. 2. Treat with bluing. BLUEBELL (blo'bel), n. Plant that bears blue bell-shaped flowers; its flowers. BLUEBERRY (blo'ber-i), n. [pi. BLUEBER- RIES.] Species of whortleberry, with small- seeded dark-blue berries. BLUEBIRD (blo'berd), n. Small American sing- ing bird, with sky-blue back and dull reddish breast. BLUE BLOOD (bio blud). Phrase applied in Spain (sangre azul) to the blood of the nobility; pure aristocratic descent. BLUEBOOK (bio'bQk), n. Printed report (by the government or other authority), usually in a blue cover. BLUEBOTTLE (blo'botl), n. 1. Plant with blue bottle-shaped flowers. 2. Large flesh-fly with blue body; blowfly. BLUECAP (blo'kap), n. 1. The blue titmouse. 2. Blueflsh. BLUEFISH (blo'fish), n. Large ravenous food- fish of the Atlantic coast, the Pomatomus saltatrix, allied to the mackerels. BLUE-GRASS (blo'gras), n. Any of several species of the genus JPoa, a permanent grass, particularly the blue-grass of Kentucky, Poa pratensis, and the blue-grass of England, Poa compressa. BLUE-GUM (blo'gum), n. Australian gum-tree, the Eucalyptus globulus. BLUE- JACKET (blo-jak'et), n. Sailor, as dis- tinguished from a marine or soldier who serves on board ship. BLUE-JAY (blo'ja), n. Common North Ameri- can bird (Cyanocitta cristata), of the crow family. Its back and wings are blue, spotted with black and white. BLUE-LAWS, (blo'laz), n.pl. Severe puritanic laws, alleged to have been enforced in various parts of colonial New England. BLUE-LIGHT (blo'lit), n. 1. Blue-flamed signal light. 2. Kind of fireworks that burns with a brilliant blue flame. BLUE-MASS (blo'mas),w. Phar. Mercurial mass. BLUENESS (blo'nes), n. State or quality of being blue. BLUENOSE (blo'noz), n. Nova-Scotian. (Colloq.) fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; ix—a in'bcotch gade; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BLUE-PILL 138 BOA BLUE-PILL (blo'pil), n. Med. Mercurial pill. BLUE-PRINT (blS'prlnt), n. Positive print or photographic copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a map, plan, etc., upon sensitized paper. BLUE-RIBBON (blo'rib-un), n. 1. Insignia worn by members of the Royal order of the Garter. 2. Distinctive first prize awarded at horse, cattle and other animal shows. BLUESTOCKING (blo'stok-ing), n. Literary woman. BLUE- VITRIOL (blo-vit'ri-ol), n. Sulphate of copper. BLUEWING (blo'wing), n. Blue-winged teal. BLUFF (bluf), I. a. 1. Of a bold and steep as- cent; abrupt. 2. Frank; outspoken; blunt. II. n. 1. High steep bank; bold headland. 2. Game of cards; poker. 3. Bold speech or manner, assumed to mislead or overawe. [O. Dut. blaf, flat.] BLUFF (bluf), v. [pr.p. BLUFF ING; p.t. and p.p. BLUFFED (bluft).] I. vt. Deter or mis- lead by making a bold show of superiority or strength. II. vi. Put on a bold front; make a fictitious boast or display of strength or superiority. BLUFFLY (bluf'li), adv. In a bluff manner; abruptly; bluntly. BLUFFNESS (bluf'nes), n. Quality or state of being bluff. BLUFFY (bluf'l), a. Having bluff s or bold head- lands. BLUING (blo'ing), n. 1. Material used for giving a bluish tint. 2. Act of giving a bluish tint. BLUISH (blo'ish), a. Tinged with blue. BLUNDER (blun'der), v. [pr.p. BLUNDERING; p.t. and p.p. BLUNDERED (blun'derd).] I. vt. 1. Bungle. 2. Mistake or err regarding; Jumble. II. vi. 1. Fall into confusion. 2. Fall into gross mistake or error. 3. Proceed blindly or stupidly; flounder; stumble. [Etym. doubtful. Allied to BLIND and BLEND.] BLUNDER (blun'der), n. Gross mistake; stupid error. BLUNDERBUSS (blun'der-bus), n. Short gun with a large bore and funnel-ikaped muzzle. [Dut. donder, thunder, and bus, box, barrel of a gun.] BLUNDERER (blun'der-er), n. One who blun- ders. BLUNDERHEAD (blun'der-hed), n. Person who Is always making blunders; blockhead. BLUNGE (blunj), vt. [pr.p. BLUNGING; p.t. and p.p. BLUNGED (blunjd).] Ceram. Mix by means of a blunger, as clay in a pottery. [Variation of PLUNGE.] BLUNGER (blun'jer), n. Ceram. Plunger, a wooden blade with a cross-handle used for mixing clay in potteries. [Variation of PLUNGER.] BLUNGING (blun'Jing), n. Ceram. Process of mixing clays for the manufacture of porce- lain. [BLUNGE.] BLUNT (blunt), a. 1. Having a dull edge or point. 2. Abrupt; outspoken; brusque. 3. Dull in intellect. 4. Obtuse in feeling; the reverse of keen. [Etym. doubtful. Allied to BLUNDER.] BLUNT (blunt), v. [pr.p. BLUNTING; p.t. and p.p. BLUNT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Dull the edge or point of. 2. Weaken or impair. II. vi. Become dull. BLUNTISH (blunt'ish), a. Somewhat blunt. BLUNTLY (blunt'li), adv. In a blunt manner. BLUNTNESS (blunt'nes), n. Quality or state of being blunt. BLUNTS (blunts), n.pl. Grade of sewing-nee- dles with the points less tapering than they are in sharps or even in betweens. BLUR (blur), v. [pr.p. BLURRING; p.t. and p.p. BLURRED (biurd).] I. vt. 1. Render in- distinct; obscure. 2. Cause indistinct vision of; dim. 3. Blemish; sully. II. vi. Become indistinct or dim. [From root of BLEAR.] BLUR (blur), n. 1. Indistinctness; dimness. 2. Smudge. 3. Blemish; stigma. BLURT (blurt), v. [pr.p. BLURTING; p.t. and p.p. BLURT'ED.] I. vt. Utter hastily and unadvisedly, or inadvertently. II. vi. Ejaculate. [Etym. doubtful. Allied to BLARE.] BLUSH (blush), vi. [pr.p. BLUSHING; p.t. and p.p. BLUSHED (blusht).] 1. Grow red or rosy, especially in the face, as from shame or confusion. 2. Bear a blooming red color. 3. Feel ashamed. [Allied to BLAZE.] BLUSH (blush), n. 1. Flush or reddening of the cheeks, forehead, etc., from shame, confu- sion, etc. 2. Crimson or roseate hue, as of a rose, the morning sky, etc. 3. Glance; as, at first blush. BLUSTER (blus'ter), v. [pr.p. BLUS'TERING; p.t. and p.p. BLUSTERED (blus'terd).] I. vt. Utter with noisy vehemence. II. vi. 1. Be boisterous; blow with noisy violence. 2. Adopt a loud, boastful, menacing manner; swagger; bully. [A. S. blcestan, from blcest, blast.] BLUSTER (blus'ter), n. 1. Confused noise, as that of a storm. 2. Boisterous speech or con- duct. BLUSTERER (blus'ter-er), n. One who blusters. BLUSTERING (blus'ter-ing), a. 1. Windy; tempestuous. 2. Noisy; boastful; swaggering. BLUSTEROUS (blus'ter-us), o. Blustering. BLUSTERY (blus'ter-i), a. Blustering; blus- terous. BO (bo), inter J. Exclamation used to inspire fright; especially in children. JoOA (bo'a), n. 1. Genus of large non-venomous serpents peculiar to the hot parts of South America, with which the similar large serpents of Asia and Africa, belonging to the genus Python, are commonly confounded. 2. [b-] Any serpent of this genus. 3. Boa-shaped neck-wrap worn by women. [L. boa, large serpent.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. BOA-CONSTRICTOR 139 BOBTAIL a. That may be One who is supplied 2. One who boards 1. Act of covering BOA-CONSTRICTOR (bo'a- con-strik-tur), n. Largest known serpent, of the genus Boa. It destroys its prey by coiling itself round it and gradually tightening Boa-constrictor. the folds. Several other large American serpents which crush their prey are also so called, though included in different genera. BOAR (bor), n. 1. Male of swine. 2. Wild boar. [A. S. bar.] BOARD (bord), n. 1. Long, broad, thin piece of timber. 2. Table for food; food served at table. 3. Meals served for pay; price paid for meals. 4. Council or authorized body of persons. 5. Deck or interior of a ship, boat, etc. 6. Table or frame for a game. 7. Paste- board; cover of a book. 8. [pi]. Stage of a theater. [A. S. bord, board.] BOARD (bord), v. [pr.p. BOARD'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOABD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cover with boards. 2. Supply with meals at fixed terms. 3. Place as a boarder. 4. Enter, as a vessel, railway car, etc. II. vi. Take meals regularly for a stipulated price. BOARDABLE (bord'a-bl), boarded. BOARDER (bord'er), n. 1. with meals at fixed terms. a ship in action. BOARDING (bord'ing), n. with boards. 2. The boards regarded col- lectively. 3. Act or practice of obtaining one's food at fixed terms. 4. Naut. Act of going on board a vessel with hostile intent. 5. Act of getting aboard a vessel, railway train, etc. BOARDING-HOUSE (bord'ing-hows), n. House where boarders are accommodated. BOARDING-SCHOOL (bord'ing-skoi), n. School in which the pupils are lodged and fed as well as given instruction. BOARD-WALK (bord'wak), n. Plank prome- nade at seaside; sidewalk of planking on any street or road. BOAST (bost), v. [pr.p. BOAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOAST'ED.] I. vi. 1. Talk ostentatiously ; brag. 2. Glory; vaunt. II. vt. 1. Brag. 2. Glory in possessing. [Etym. doubtful.] BOAST (bost), n. 1. Expression or exhibition of vainglory or ostentation. 2. Cause of boasting; source of pride. BOASTER (bost'er), n. One who boasts. BOASTFUL (bost'fol), a. 1. Given to boasting. 2. Boasting; vainglorious. BOASTFULLY (bost'fQl-i), adv. In a boastful manner. BOASTFULNESS (bost'fQl-nes), n. Quality or state of being boastful ; ostentation. BOAT (b6t), n. 1. Small vessel propelled by oars or sails. 2. Any water craft. 3. Open dish resembling a boat, as sauceboaf. [A. S. bdt.] BOAT (bot), v. [pr.p. BOATING; p.t. and p.p. BOATED.] I. vt. Transport in a boat; also, place in a boat. II. vi. Go in a boat; also, manage a boat. BOATABLE (bot'a-bl), a. 1. Navigable for small boats. 2. That may be carried by boat. BOATAGE (bot'aj), n. 1. Toll on articles brought in boats. 2. Conveyance by boat. 3. Total carrying capacity of a vessel's boats. BOATBILL (bot'bil), n. South American bird of the heron family, having a bill resembling a boat with its keel upwards. BOAT-HOOK (bot'hok), n. Iron hook with a sharp point, fixed on the extremity of a short pole, and used for impelling boats or hauling them to. BOATING (bot'ing), n. 1. Act or practice of using boats. 2. Transportation by boats. BOATMAN (bot'man), n. 1. Man who manages a boat. 2. Keeper of boats for hire. BOATPAN (bot'pan), n. Boat-shaped iron pan used in concentrating and refining mineral ores. BOATSWAIN (bot'swan or bo'sn), n. Subordi- nate officer on board of a ship, who has charge of the boats, rigging, etc. [BOAT and SWAIN.] BOB (bob), v. [pr.p. BOUSING; p.U and p.p. BOBBED (bobd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to move with a short, jerking motion. 2. Beat with quick blows. 3. Cut short, as the hair. II. vi, 1. Move up and down, or to and fro, with a short jerking motion. 2. Angle with a float or bob. [Etym. doubtful; probably imita- tive, from the sound of a body bobbing up and down.] BOB (bob), n. 1. Short jerking movement of any kind. 2. Anything which bobs, as a fisherman's float, ball of a plumb-line or pen- dulum, pendant, or ornament hanging from the ear, bob-sled, etc. 3. Sudden, slight blow; jog, or push. BOBBIN (bob'in), n. 1. Spool or reel on which thread is wound. 2. Braid or cord used in haberdashery. 3. Quill for a spinning wheel. [Fr. bobine.] BOBBINATE (bob'i-nat), n. High explosive in the form of dynamite, but of lighter weight. BOBBINET (bob-i-nef), n. Machine-made net or lace. BOBBINWORK (bob'in-wurk), n. Work woven with bobbins. BOBOLINK (bob'o-lingk), n. Popular name of the rice-bird or reed-bird. [From its cry.] BOB-SLED (bobsled), n. Two short sleds in tan- dem, united by a long board. BOBSTAY (bob'sta), n. tfOD-Siea. Naut. One of the chains or ropes which tie the bowsprit end to the stem, to enable it to stand the upward strain of the forestays. BOBTAIL (bob'tal), n. 1. Short tail; docked tall. 2. Contemptible fellow. 3. Rabble. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kn=cft in Scotch loch. EOBTAILED 140 BOIL Bob-white. BOBTAILED (bob'tald), a. Having the tail cut short, as a bobtailed nag. BOB-WHITE (bob'whlf), n. American quail. < ^\JJ£ $ [From its cry] ^J/^S!I^^ BOCK-BEER (bok'ber), n. Strong lager beer. [A. S. hoc, goat, and BEES.] BOOKING (bok'ing), n. Kind of coarse drugget. [From Booking, a town in England.] BODDICE (bod'is), n. Same as BODICE. BODE (bod), v. [pr.p. BODING; p.t. and p.p. BODED.] I. vt. Portend or predict. II. vi. Be an omen (ill or good). [A. S. bodian, an- nounce.] BODE (bod), v. Past tense and past participle Of BIDE. BODEFUL (bod'fol), a. Ominous; portentous; foreboding or threatening evil. BODICE (bod'is), n. Close-fitting waist of a woman's dress. [BODIES, pi. of BODY.] BODIED (bod'id), c. 1. Having a body. 2. Having body. BODILESS (bod'i-les), a. 1. Without a body. 2. Incorporeal. BODILY (bod'i-li), I. o. 1. Pertaining to the body; corporeal. 2. Entire. II, adv. 1. Corporeally; in the person. 2. Completely. BODING (bo'ding), I. a. 1. Ominous. 2. Fear- ful. II. n. Presentiment; omen. [A. S. boding, preaching.] BODKIN (bod'kin), n. 1. Small instrument for piercing holes, used by bookbinders and others. 2. Large-eyed, blunt-pointed needle, for drawing tape through a hem. 3. Pin for fastening a woman's hair. 4. Printer's tool for picking type from a form. 5. Originally, a small dagger. [Wei. bidogyn, dagger.] BODY (bod'i), w. [pi. BOD'IES.] 1. Physical structure and form of an animal or thing. 2. Trunk or main part of an animal; main part of anything. 3. Person. 4. Number of per- sons united for a purpose. 5. Number of things; mass; system. 6. Strength or sub- stance. 7. Corporation. 8. Solid substance. 9. Matter as opposed to spirit. 10. Geom. A solid. [A. S. bodig.] SYN. Trunk; carcass; bulk; person; be- ing; individual; mortal; creature; company; band; party; society; association; corpora- tion; system; summary; thickness; sub- stance; consistency; corpse. ANT. Spirit; soul; individual. BODY (bod'i), vt. [pr.p. BOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. BODIED (bod'id).] 1. Provide with a body. 2. Form into a body. 3. (With forth), ex- hibit in bodily form. BODY-COLOR (bod'i-kul-ur), n. Paint. Pig- ment which has "body," thickness, or con- sistency, as distinguished from a tint or wash. Johannes Paul us Kruger, Boer presi- dent of So. African Republic. Born 1825, died 1904. BODY-GUARD (bod'i-gard), n. Guardian; es- cort; lifeguard. BODY-POLITIC (bod-i-pol'i-tik), n. Collective body of a nation under civil government. BODY-SNATCHING (bod'i-snach-ing), n. Rob- bing graves of corpses for the purpose of dis- section. BcEOTIAN(be-6'shan),I. n. Native of Boeotia, ancient Greece. II. a. Of or pertaining to Bceotia or its inhabitants, who were noted for dullness; hence, dull; stupid; obtuse. BOER (bor), n. Descendant of the Dutch colonists of South Africa. [Dut. boer, farmer.] BOG (bog), n. 1. Marsh; morass; quagmire. 2. Anything in which one is apt to sink hopelessly be- mired. [Gael, bog, soft.] BOGEY (bo'gi), n. Same as BOGY. BOGGLE (bog'l), v. [pr.p. BOG'GLING; p.t. and p.p. BOGGLED (bog'ld).] I. vt. 1. Make a bungle or botch of. 2. Confound or confuse. II. vi. 1. Hesitate; waver. 2. Bungle. 3. Stop, as if afraid or unwilling to proceed; shy. 4. Equivocate; dissemble. [Etyin. doubtful.] BOGGLER (bog'ler), n. One who boggles. BOGGY (bog'l), a. Containing bogs; marshy; swampy. BOGIE (bo'gi), n. 1. Saw-mill truck. 2. Railway truck. BOGLE (bo'gi), n. Bugbear; hobgoblin; specter; bogy. [Wei. bygel, bugbear.] BOGUS (bo'gus), a. Sham; spurious. [Etym. doubtful.] BOGY (bo'gi), n. Bugbear; anything designed to frighten. [Allied to BOGLE.] BOHEA (bo-he'), n. Inferior black tea from China. [Wu-i (pron. bu-i) Hills, in China.] BOHEMIA (bo-he'mi-a), n. Province of Aus- tria Hungary. Area 20,060 sq. m. BOHEMIAN (b6-he'mi-an), I. a. I. Of or pertaining to Bohemia. 2. Unconven- tional; erratic. II. n. 1. Native or language of Bohemia. 2. Gypsy. 3. Person of irregular habits and who disregards conven- tionality. BOHOR (bo'har), n. West African antelope (Cervicapra bohor). BOIL (boil), v. [pr.p. BOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOILED (boild).] I. vt. 1. Cause to bubble up from the action of heat; heat to the point of ebullition. 2. Cook in a seething liquid. II. vi. 1. Bubble up from the action of heat. 2. Be cooked or prepared in a seething liquid. 3. Be agitated, as waves by the wind; seethe. 4. Be stirred with passion, [Fr. l-ouillir.] BOIL (boil), n. State of ebullition. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BOIL 141 BOLT BOIL (boil), n. Inflamed tumor; furuncle. [A. S. byl.] BOILER (boil'er), n. Vessel in which anything is boiled or in which steam is generated. BOILER Y (boil'er-i), n. [pi. BOIL'ERIES.] Place for boiling, as in salt-works where the brine is evaporated. BOILING (boil'ing), I. a. In a state of ebullition by heat. II. n. State or process of ebullition. — Boiling point, point or degree of the ther- mometer at which any liquid boils. That of water under ordinary conditions is 212° Fahr. or 100° Cent. BoiSE (boi'za), n. Capital of Idaho. BOISTEROUS (bois'ter-us), a. Noisy; turbulent; violent. [Wei. bwyst, wildness.] SYN. Tumultuous; stormy; loud; roar- ing; furious; vehement; tempestuous; wild. ANT. Peaceful; calm; serene; quiet; tran- quil. BOISTEROUSLY (bois'ter-us-li), adv. In a boisterous manner. BOKHARA (bo-ka/ra), n. 1. Russian depend- ency in Asia, N. of Afghanistan. Area 92,000 sq. m. Capital of above. BOLA (bo'la), n. Ball of stone or metal attached to a cord or thong used by the Patagonians and other natives of South America, either as a weapon of war or a hunting implement. [Sp. bola, ball.] BOLD (bold), a. 1. Daring; brave; intrepid; fearless. 2. Requiring courage for its execu- tion. 3. Striking; conspicuous; prominent. 4. Steep and abrupt. 5. Full of effrontery; impudent; rude. [A. S. beald.] SYN. Courageous; valorous; fearless; dauntless; valiant; audacious; adventurous; confident; forward; impudent. ANT. Cow- ardly; timid; fearful; pusillanimous; craven; diffident; modest; reserved. BOLD-FACE (bold'fas), n. 1. Impudent or saucy person. 2. Print. Type having a heavier outline than common type. BOLD-FACED (bold'fast), a. 1. Impudent; shameless. 2. Print. Having a heavy and broad face; said of certain type. BOLDLY (bold'li), adv. In a bold manner. BOLDNESS (bold'nes), n. Quality of being bold. BOLE (bol), n. Trunk of a tree. BOLE (bol), n. Soft clay used as pigment. [Gr. bolos, clod.] BOLERO (bo-la'ro), n. Popular Spanish dance, usually accompanied with the castanets, and sometimes with the voice. [Sp.] BOLETUS (b6-ie'tus), n. Bot. Genus of mush- rooms, distinguished from Agaricus by the absence of gills. BOLIDE (bo'lid or bo'lid), n. Meteoric fireball; meteor. [Fr., from L. bolls, holidis, meteor; Gr. bolls, missile.] BOLITA (bo-le'ta), n. Zool. Armadillo having three jointed bands by which it can roll itself up like a ball. [Sp. bola, ball.] Ex- President Pan- do, of Bolivia. Bolo. Bolivia (bo-iiv'i-a), n. s. American Republic, S. W. of Brazil. Area 708,195 sq. m. Bolivian (bo-iiv'i-an), n. Native or inhabitant of Bolivia, a republic of South America. BOLL (bol), n. Bot. Round pod or pericarp of a plant. [A. S. bolla, bowl; from root of BOLE.] BOLL (bol), vi. [pr.p. BOLL'- ING; p.t. and p.p. BOLLED (bold).] Form in- to a pericarp or pod; produce seed-vessels or pods. BOLLARD (bol'ard), n. Naut. Strong post with blocks, used in docking ships. [Allied to rOLLAEi).] BOLL-WEEVIL (b61'we-vl), BOLL-WORM (bol'wurm), n. Insect larva that eats the un- ripe bolls of the cotton plant. BOLO (bo'16),n. [pi. BOLOS (bo'loz.J Heavy, sword-like knife, used by the Filipinos in / rough carpentry, in clearing thickets, as a hatchet, etc., and also on occasion as a war- ezr^m weapon, g}JjM [Filipino name. J BOLOGNA, BOLOGNA-SAUSAGE (bo-16'na- sa-saj), n. Large sausage made of various kinds of meat seasoned with herbs, and en- closed in a thin skin or membrane. [From Bologna, in Italy.] BOLOGNESE (bo-l6-nyez'), a. Pertaining to north central Italian university city Bo- logna, or to its eclectic school of paint- ing. BOLOMETER (bo-lom'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring very small variations of radiant heat. [Gr. bole, ray, and metron, measure.] BOLSON (bdl-son'), n. Enclosed unirrigable land. [Sp. Bolsa, pocket.] BOLSTER (bol'ster), n. 1. Long pillow or cush- ion for placing under the pillows of a bed. 2. Anything of a similar nature, as pads of various kinds, used as supports. [A. S.] BOLSTER (bol'ster), vt. [pr.p. BOL'STERING; p.t. and p.p. BOLSTERED (bol'sterd).] 1. Sup- port with a bolster. 2. Support or prop up. 3. Maintain; support. BOLT (bolt), n. 1. Stout pin of iron or other metal for holding objects together, frequently screw- threaded at one end to receive a nut. 2. Bar of iron or other material for fastening a door, etc. 3. Elongated shot. 4. Arrow. 5. Thun- derbolt. 6. Roll of cloth, paper, etc. 7. Act of swallowing food hastily. 8. Sudden start or departure. 9. Refusal to abide by the action of a party or body of which one is a member. [A. S.] BOLT (bolt), v. [pr.p. BOLT'ING; p.t. and p.p. fate, fat s task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her-, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BOLT 143 BONDSTONE BOLT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a bar or pin. 2. Blurt out. 3. Swallow hastily. 4. Eject forcibly; expel. 5. Among sportsmen, to start or dislodge. II. vi. 1. Dart forth or off; run away. 2. Refuse to be bound by the action of one's party or by that of a body of which one has been a member. BOLT (bolt), adv. 1. In the manner of a stout pin of iron; rigidly. 2. Like an arrow; swiftly; straight. 3. Like a thunderbolt, suddenly and unexpectedly. — Bolt upright, in an erect position. BOLT (bolt), vt, [pr.p. BOLT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOLT'ED.] 1. Sift or separate £the flour of wheat) from the hull or bran. 2. Examine by sifting. [L.L. buleto, bolt or sift.] BOLT (bolt), n. 1. Sieve or sifter; bolter. 2. Amount of flour and bran resulting from a single bolting. BOLTER (bolter), n. 1. One who fastens bolts. 2. Person or animal that swallows food with- out proper mastication. 3. One who departs abruptly. 4. Runaway horse. 5. One who breaks away from party allegiance, and refuses to support a nominee. BOLTER (bolt'er), n. Apparatus for sifting or bolting flour or meal. BOLTER (bolt'er), n. Trot-line used in sea- fishing; trawl-line; boulter. BOLTHEAD (bolt'hed), n. Chem. Globular flask with a tubular neck, for boiling and subliming. BOLTROPE (bolt'rSp), n. Naut. Rope used to form frame of any sail. BOLUS (bo'lus), n. Large-sized pill used in veterinary practice. BOMB (bom), n. Metal shell containing an ex- plosive to be flred by Impact or by a fuse. [Fr. bombe; from L. bombus; Gr. bombos, humming sound.] B03IBARD (bom'bard), n. Mortar of large bore, formerly used for throwing huge stones. [Fr. bombarde; from L. bombus. See BOMB.] BOMBARD (bom-bard'), vt. [pr.p. BOMBABD'- ING; p.t. and p.p. BOMBARDED.] 1. Assail with cannon or with bombs. 2. Attack as with bombs or cannon; pelt. [Fr. bombarder; from bombarde.] BOMBARDIER (bom-bar-der'), n. Mil. Artil- leryman who attends to the firing of mortars. BOMBARDMENT (bom-bard'ment), n. Artil- lery assault; act of throwing shot and shell into a town, fort, ship, etc. BOMBARDON (bom-bar'dun), n. Musical wind Instrument much like the bassoon, used as a bass to the hautboy. [Etym. doubtful.] BOMBASINE (bom-ba-zen'), n. Same as BOMBAZINE. BOMBAST (bom'bast), n. Inflated or high- sounding language; fustian. [O. Fr. bombace, padding.] BOMBASTIC (bom-bas'tik), BOMBASTICAL (bom-bas'tik-al), a. Inflated; pompous. BOMBAY (bom-ba'), n. 1. Province of British India. 2. Capital of said province. BOMBAZET (bom-ba-zet), n. Very thin cash- mere woolen cloth of different hues. BOMBAZINE (bom-ba-zen'), n. Fine twilled fabric of silk and worsted. [Gr. bombyx, silk.] BOMB-PROOF (bom'prof), I. a. Capable of re- sisting Injury from bombs or shells. II. », Fort. Structure capable of resisting bombs or shells. BOMBSHELL (bom'shel), w. Bomb or shell projectile. BOMBYX (bom'biks), n. Silkworm. [L., from Gr. bombyx, silkworm, silk.] BON (bang), a. Good; genuine; legitimate. [Fr., from L. bonus, good.] -OONA jJEA (bo'na de'a). Roman goddess of f ruitf ulness ; her festivals celebrated only In the night by women. BONA FIDE (bo'na fi'de). In good faith. Used in English as a compound adjective; as, bona- fide transactions. [L.] BONANZA (bo-nan'za), n. Productive mine; profitable investment. [Sp., prosperity.] BONBON (bang'bang), n. Sweetmeat; candy. [Fr., "very good" — bon, good.] BOND (bond), I. n. 1. That which binds; band; link of connection. 2. Moral obligation; re- straint. 3. Formally contracted obligation, or its recprd in writing. 4. Certificate of in- debtedness, bearing interest. 5. [pi.] Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment. 6. Certif- icate of indebtedness, as a government bond. 7. Government storage for goods till the duty is paid. 8. Masonry. Disposition of stones or bricks in a wall so that the vertical joints are separated from each other. 9. Link con- necting rails in electric trolley system. [Vari- ant of BAND — A. S. bindan, bind.] BOND (bond), a. Bound; enslaved. BOND (bond), vt. [pr.p. BONDING; p.t. and p.p. BOND'ED.] 1. Put under bond; mortgage. 2. Place in a bonded warehouse under require- ment of revenue laws. BONDAGE (bond'aj), n. 1. State of being under restraint; captivity; slavery; involuntary servitude. 2. State of subjection of any kind. BONDED (bond'ed), a. 1. Under a bond; mort- gaged. 2. Secured by bonds, as national bank currency. 3. Placed in bond, or in a bonded warehouse. [See BOND.] BOND-HOLDER (bond'hol-der), n. Owner of bonds of a government or private corporation BONDMAID (bond'mad), n. Female slave. BONDMAN (bond'man), n. [pi. BOND'MEN.] Male slave. BONDSERVANT (bond'serv-ant), n. Servant not hired, but in slavery or involuntary servi tude. BONDSMAN (bondz'man), n. [pi. BONDSMEN.] 1. Bondman. 2. Law. One giving surety for another; surety. BONDSTONE (bond'ston), n. Arch. Stone used fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mSve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khscft in Scotch loch. ' BONDWOMAN 143 BOOKISH for binding a wall together in the direction of its thickness. BONDWOMAN (bond'wom-an), n. [pi. BOND'- WOMEN.] Female slave; bondmaid. BONE (bon), I. n. 1. Hard substance composing the skeleton of man and other animals. 2. Piece of the skeleton, as the thigh-bone. 3. [pi.] Whole articulated skeleton. 4. [pi.] Pieces of bone used as clappers; any objects similarly- used. 5. Object made of bone or resembling a bone. — Bone of contention, ground or object of contention. — Have a bone to pick, having something disagreeable to settle. — Make no bones, make no scruple. [A. S. bane.] BONE (bon), vt. [pr.p. BO'NING; p.t. and p.p. BONED (bond).] 1. Take out the bones of. 2. Stiffen with bones. 3. Fertilize with pul- verized bone. BONE-BLACK (bon'blak), n. Black carbona- ceous substance obtained by heating bones to redness in a close vessel. BONED (bond), a. 1. Having bones of a par- ticular character, as big-boned. 2. Deprived of bones, as boned chicken. BONESET (bon'set), n. Bitter herb, the Eupa- torium perfoliatum, a valuable diaphoretic. BONFIRE (bon'fir), n. Large fire made in the open air on festive occasions. [BONE and FIRE.] BONHOMIE (bon-o-me'), n. 1. Good-nature. 2. Simplicity. [Fr.] BONINESS (bo'ni-nes), n. Quality of being bony. BONING (bo'ning), n. Act of estimating straight- ness by looking along a series of poles. BON-MOT (bang'mo), n. [pi. BONS-MOTS (b^ng'moz; Fr. bpg'mo).] Good saying; witty repartee. [Fr.] BONNE (bon), n. Governess; nursemaid. [Fr.] BONNE BOUCEE (bon bosh). Delicious mor- sel. [Fr.] BONNET (bon'et), n. 1. Covering for the head, worn by women. 2. Kind of cap worn by boys and men in Scotland. 3. Covering for other purposes. 4. Naut. Small sail attached to a larger, by lacings, and taken off in bad weather. 5. Fort. Kind of little ravelin. 6. Bot. Yellow water-lily (Nuphar advena). [Fr.] BONNET (bon'et), vt. [pr.p. BONNETING; p.t. and p.p. BONNETED.] I. Cover the head of with a bonnet; provide with a bonnet. 2. Crush the hat over the eyes of. BONNETED (bon'et-ed), a. Wearing a bonnet. BONNILASS (bon'i-las), n. Pretty girl. [BON- NY and LASS.] BONNILY (bon'i-li), adv. 1. Beautifully; hand- somely. 2. Gaily. 3. Plumply; gracefully. BONNINESS (bon'i-nes), n. 1. Beauty; hand- someness. 2. Plumpness; shapeliness; grace- fulness. BONNY (bon'i), a. [comp. BON'NIER; superl. BON'NIEST.] 1. Beautiful; pretty; hand- some; comely. 2. Gay; blithe; merry; frolic- Booby (Sula len- ccgastra). some. 3. Plump; well-proportioned; shapely. [Fr. bon, bonne, good.] SYN. Fair; plump; chubby; buxom; blithe; cheerful; merry; frolicsome; win- some. ANT. Homely; uncomely; deformed; unsightly; uncouth; morose. BONNY-CLABBER (bon'i-klab-er), n. Milk that has become curdled or thickened in the proc- ess of souring; clabber. [Ir. bainne, milk, and claba, thick.] BON-TON (bang-tang'), n. 1. Height of fashion. 2. The fashionable world. [Fr.] BONUS (bo'nus), n. Extra compensation or allowance. [L., good.] BON-VIVANT (bang-ve-vang), n. 1. High or luxurious liver. 2. Jovial boon-companion; good-fellow. [Fr.] BONY (bo'ni), a. 1. Of, like, pertaining to, con- taining, or consisting of, bone or bones. 2. Having the bones prominent; scrawny. BONZE (bonz), n. Buddhist priest in Japan, India and China. [Fr.] BOOBY (bo'bi), n. [pi. BOO'- BIES.] 1. Species of gannet, remarkable for its apparent stupidity. 2. Dull or stupid person. [Sp. bobo, stupid.] BOOBYISH (bo'bi-ish), a. Like a booby; silly; stupid. BOODHISM (bod'izm), n. Same as BuDDHISM. BOODLE (bo'dl), n. Money used to influence the action of a public official; bribe money. General term for ill-gotten gains. BOODLER (bo'dlr), n. One who accepts and receives boodle. BOOK (bok), n. 1. Collection of sheets of paper, whether written or printed on, or blank, bound together. 2. Literary composition. 3. Di- vision of a volume. 4. Whist. Six tricks taken by either party. 5. Register of various kinds : account-book, cash-book, racing record, etc. — Bring to book, call to account. [A. S. bdJ-, book; from boc, beech-tree.] BOOK (bok), v. [pr.p. BOOKING; p.t. and p.p. BOOKED (bokt).] I. vt. 1. Enter in a book; register; record. 2. Arrange or provide for in advance, as for transportation, seat at a theater, etc. II. vi. Become booked; arrange for an accommodation, as for passage or for a seat at a theater. BOOK-ACCOUNT (bQk'ak-kownt), n. Account or register of debit or credit in a book or ledger. BOOKBINDER (bokbind-er), n. One who binds books. BOOKBINDERY (bok'blnd-er-i), n. Place where books are bound. BOOKBINDING (bok'bind-ing), n. Act or art of binding books. BOOKCASE (bok'kas), n. Case with shelves for holding books. BOOKISH (bok'ish), a. Acquainted with books, but deficient in knowledge of men; unpractical. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \l=u in Scotch gude; oil, pwl, then, kix=ch in Scotch loch. BOOKKEEPER 144 BOOT-HOSE One who Art, practice -Single entry bookkeeping BOOKKEEPER (bok'kep-er), n. keeps mercantile accounts. BOOKKEEPING (bok'kep-ing), n. or system of keeping accounts. - bookkeeping, that system of which requires only one entry for a single transaction. — Double entry bookkeeping, sys- tem of bookkeeping which requires for every transaction two entries, one on the debit and one on the credit side. BOOK-LEARNED (bok'lernd), a. Possessing knowledge acquired from books rather than from personal observation and reflection. BOOK-LEARNING (bok'iern-ing), n. Learning acquired by reading, often opposed to that acquired by experience and observation. BOOK-3IAKER (bok'ma-ker), n. 1. One who writes, compiles, or manufactures books. 2. One who keeps a book in which bets on horse-races, etc., are entered; arranger of bets at races. BOOK-MAKING (bok'ma-king), n. 1. Art or practice of writing, compiling or manufac- turing books. 2. Art or practice of keeping a betting book. BOOKMARK (bok'mark), n. Anything placed between the leaves of a book to mark a place for future reference. BOOKPLATE (bok'plat), n. Label usually pasted inside the cover of a book, bearing the owner's name, etc. BOOKSELLER (bok'sel-er), n. One who deals in books. BOOKSHELF (bpk'shelf), n. [pi. BOOK- SHELVES.] Shelf to hold books. BOOKSHOP (bok'shop), n. Shop or store in which books are sold. BOOKSTALL (bok'staD, n. Stand or stall on the public street where books are sold. BOOKSTAND (bok'stand), n. 1. Bookstall. 2. Stand for holding books. BOOKSTORE (bok'stor), n. Store where books are kept for sale. BOOKWORM (bok'wurm), n. 1. Mite that eats holes in books. 2. Devoted reader of books. B0031 (bom), n. Hollow sound, as of the sea, a cannon, drum; the noise made by the bittern, prairie-chickens, etc. [Gr. bombos, hollow sound.] B003I (bom), vi. [pr.p. BOOM'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOOMED (bomd).] Make a deep hollow sound, as a cannon, the ocean, or a bittern. BOOM (bom), n. 1. Rushing, roaring torrent. 2. Sudden active movement in favor of any cause, person or thing; sudden apparent pros- perity. BOOM (bom), v. [pr.p. BOOM'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOOMED (bomd).] I. vt. Push forward; ac- tively and enthusiastically promote. II. vi. 1. Rush with noise, as a ship under full sail, when she is said to come booming. 2. Ad- vance rapidly in prosperity and importance. BOOM (bom), n. 1. Pole by which a sail is Boomerangs. stretched. 2. Chain or bar stretched across a harbor. [Low Ger. boom, tree.] BOOM (bom), vt. [pr.p. BOOM'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOOMED (bomd).] Push, obstruct, extend, or confine with a boom or spar. BOOMER (bom'er), n. One who or that which booms. BOOMERANG (bom'e-rang), n. 1. Weapon used by native Australians, a stick of hard wood so curved that when thrown forward it takes a whirl- ing course upward till it stops, when it returns with a swoop and falls in the rear of the thrower. 2. Any scheme or plan which recoils upon the originator. BOON (bon), n. Gift; favor; privilege; blessing. [Ice. bon.] BOON (bon), a. Genial; jovial; intimate. [Fr. bon, good.] BOOR (bor), n. Coarse or awkward person. [Ger. bauer, farmer.] BOORISH (bor'ish), a. Rude; unmannerly; clownish. BOOST (host), I. vt. [pr.p. BOOST'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOOST'ED.] 1. Lift or push upward. 2. Promote or forward. II. n. Push upward; lift; helping hand. (Colloq.) BOOSTER (bost'er), n. Elec. Dynamo, inserted in a special feeder or group of feeders in a distributing system, for the purpose of raising the pressure of the feeder or group of feeders above that of the rest of the system. BOOT (hot), n. 1. Covering for the foot and lower part of the leg. 2. High shoe. 3. Old instrument of torture for the legs. 4. Recep- tacle in a carriage, for parcels, etc. [Fr. botte. J BOOT (bot), v. [pr.p. BOOTING; p.t. and p.p. BOOTED.] I. vt. 1. Put boots on. 2. Kick. (Slang.) II. vi. Put on one's boots. BOOT (bot), n. 1. Profit; gain; advantage. 2. That which is given to make an exchange equal. — To boot, over and above; besides; additional. [A. S. bot, profit.] BOOTBLACK (bot'blak), n. One who blacks and polishes boots. BOOTCRIMP (bot'krimp), n. Frame used by boot makers for drawing in and shaping the body of a boot. BOOTED (bot'ed), a. Having boots on. BOOTEE (bot-e), n. 1. Half-boot. 2. White dotted India muslin. BOOTH (both), n. 1. Stall or stand at a fair or market. 2. Temporary light structure for mercantile or other purposes. [From root of ABODE.] BOOT-HOSE (bot'hoz), n. Stockings to serve in lieu of boots. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BOOTJACK 145 BORROW BOOTJACK (bot'jak), n. Instrument for pulling off boots from the feet. BOOTLESS (bot'les), a. Unavailing; useless. BOOTLESSLY (botles-li), adv. Unsuccessfully. BOOTS (b5ts), n. Servant at hotel or inn who cleans or blocks and polishes boots of guests, etc. BOOT-TOPPING (bot'top-ing), n. Naut. Opera- tion of scraping the bottom of a vessel and giving it a coat of resin. BOOT-TREE (bot'tre), n. Device for stretching the uppers of boots and shoes. BOOTY (bo'ti), n. Spoil taken in war, or by force; plunder. [From Ger. beute, plunder.] BOOZE (boz), vi. [pr.p. BOOZING; p.t. and p.p. BOOZED (bozd) .] Drink to excess ; tipple ; tope. [Dut. buizen.] BOOZE (boz), n. 1. Intoxicating liquor. 2. Drinking-spell; spree. BOOZER (boz'er), n. One who tipples or drinks to excess; toper. BOOZY (boz'i), a. Somewhat intoxicated, but not entirely overcome, by liquor; fuddled. BO-PEEP (b6-pep')» n. Children's game, in which the performers look out from behind anything, and then draw back quickly; peek- a-boo. [BO and PEEP.] BORACIC (bd-ras'ik), a. Pertaining to or pro- duced from borax. — Boracic acid, boric acid. BORATE (bo'rat), n. CTicm. Salt resulting from the combination of boric acid with a base. BORAX (bo'raks), n. Salt made of boracic acid and soda, used for antiseptic and sedative pur- poses, and as a flux in soldering. [Pers. bur ah.] BORCER (bar'ser), n. Quarrying. Steel-pointed instrument, used for boring holes in rocks, in order to charge them for blasting. [Origin unknown.] BORD (bord), n. Mining. Face of coal parallel to the cleavage. [Fr. bord, side.] BORDAGE (bor'daj), n. Naut. Ship's side. [Fr. bord, side, and suffix -AGE.] BORDEAUX (bor-do'), n. 1. City In southern France. 2. Wine from the region about the city of Bordeaux. BORDER (bar'der), n. 1. Outer edge of any- thing. 2. Boundary line of a country, or district in the immediate vicinity. 3. Hem or ornamented strip along the edge of a gar- ment. 4. Raised flower or other bed along the edge of a garden, path, etc. [A. S. bord, edge.] BORDER (bar'der), v. [pr.p. BOR'DERING; p.t. and p.p. BORDERED (bar'derd).] I. vt. 1. Make or adorn with a border. 2. Reach or be contiguous to; adjoin. II. vi. Be ad- jacent or contiguous. BORDERED (bar'derd), a. 1. Having a border. 2. Bot. Having one color surrounded by a border or edging of another. BORDERER (bar'der-er), n. Dweller on the border or frontier of a country. BORDER-LAND (bar'der-land), n. Land on the border, usually debatable. BORE (b6r), v. [pr.p. BOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. BORED (bord).] I. vt. 1. Pierce so as to form a hole, especially with or as with an auger. 2. Weary or annoy. II. vi. 1. Be pierced by a boring tool. 2. Make a hole by boring. 3. Push forward. [A. S. borian.] BORE (bor), n. 1. Hole made by an auger or like instrument; any similar hole, as in a gun; caliber. 2. Person or thing that wearies or annoys. [A. S. bor, gimlet.] BORE (bor), v. Past tense of BEAR. BORE (bor), n. Sudden influx of a tidal wave In an estuary, often of great volume, and rushing up with great violence and a loud noise. [Ice. bdra, billow.] BOREAL (bo're-al), a. Pertaining to the North or the north wind; northern. BOREAS (bo're-as), w. Greek Myth. The north wind, represented with wings and white hair. BORECOLE (bor'kol), n. Curly-leaved winter cabbage, having no head. [Dut. bosenkool, farmer's cabbage.] BORER (bor'er), n. 1. Boring instrument. %• Insect or worm that bores into wood. BORIC (bo'rik), a. Chem. Pertaining to or derived from boron. — Boric acid, crystalline compound formed by the action of water on nitride of boron, which is decomposed by it into boric acid and ammonia. Also called boracic acid. BORIDE (bo'rid), n. Chem. Combination of boron with a radical. BORINE (bo'ren),w. Chem. Hydride of boron. BORING (bor'ing), n. 1. Act or operation of cutting a hole with a borer. 2. Hole caused by such act or operation. 3. [pi.] Fragments or chips produced by such act or operation. BORLINETTO POWDER (bor-li-net'6 pow-der). High explosive composed of chromate of potash, nitrate of sodium and picric acid. BORN (barn), I. v. Past participle of BEAR, bring forth. Brought into being; produced. II. a. Natural; innate. BORNE (born), v. Past participle of BEAR, carry. BORNEO (bar'ne-6), w. Largest of E. Indian Islands, seven-eighths Dutch, one-eighth English. Area 286,161 sq. m. BORNEOL (bar'ne-ol), n. Camphor-like sub- stance obtained from a tree in Borneo, the Bryobalanops camphora. BORON (boron), n. Chem. Non-metallic ele- ment, resembling carbon in its properties. It is the base of boric acid. [BOR(AX) and (CARB)ON.] BOROUGH (bur'6), n. 1. Incorporated town or village. 2. In England, a town that sends a a representative to parliament. 3. 3Iunicipal division of a large city. [A. S. burg, town, fort.] BORROW (bor'6), v. [pr.p. BORROWING; p.t. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BORROWER 146 BOTHERATION and p.p. BORROWED (bor'od).] I. vt. 1. Ob- tain as a loan, with express or implied promise to return in due time. 2. Appropriate; copy; plagiarize. 3. Feign; assume. II. vi. En- gage in the act or practice of borrowing. [A. S. borgian, borrow.] BORROWER (bor'6-er), n. One who borrows. BORROWING (bor'o-ing), n. 1. Obtaining on loan. 2. Taking or adopting what is another's as one's own. 3. Feigning or assuming. BORST (barst), vt. [pr.p. BORST'ING; p.U and p.p. BOBST'ED.] Remove blood and gristle from, as an animal killed for food. [Heb. Borsten, dissect.] BORT (bart), «. Debris of diamonds, reduced to dust and used for grinding and polishing. [Fr.] BOS (bos), n. Zool. Typical genus of the family Bovidce and the sub-family Bovina. Bos taurus is the common ox. [L. 60s, bovis, ox or cow.] BOSA (bo'za), n. Fermented liquor from hemp and other seed. [Pers. and Turk, bozdh.] BOSCAGE (bos'kaj)* n. Brushwood growing in a dense leafy mass; thicket. [O. Fr., grove.] BOSH (bosh), n. and inter j. Nonsense; foolish talk. [Turk.] BOSHBOK, BOSCHBOK (bosh'bok), n. Name given to several species of South African ante- lope. [Dut. jjoscli, wood, and bok, goat.] BOSK (bosk), BOSKET (bos'ket), n. 1. Small grove; thicket. 2. Compartment in a garden, formed by branches of trees. [Fr. bosquet, small wood.] BOSKY (bosk'i), a. Covered with boscage; bushy. BOSNIA (boz'ni-a), n. Former Turkish territory, now part of Austria-Hungary. Area, with Herzegovina, 19,702 sq. m. BOSOM (bQz'um), I. n. 1. Breast. 2. Part of the dress covering the breast. 3. Embrace. 4. Desire. 5. Anything likened to the bosom. II. a. (Attributively), intimate, confidential, as In bosom friend. [A. S. bosm.] BOSOM-BOARD (bQz'um-bord), n. Board on which the bosom of a shirt or dress is ironed. BOSPHORUS (bos'fo-rus), n. Strait connecting Sea of Marmora and Black Sea. BOSS (bas or bos), n. 1. Knob or stud. 2. Raised ornament. 3. Thick or pro- tuberant part. [Fr. bosse, swelling.] BOSS (bas or bos), vt. [pr.p. BOSS'- ING; p.t. and p.p BOSSED (bast).] 1. Ornament with bosses. 2. Stud with knobs. 3. Emboss. BOSS (bas or bos), I. n. 1. Master; employer of labor; Boss. 2. Political party manager or dictator. II. o. Chief; best of the kind. [Dut. baas, master.] BOSS (bas or bos), v. [pr.p. BOSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOSSED (bast).] I. vt. Manage; rule with authority; be master of. II. vi. 1. Act as boss or overseer. 2. Exercise authority in a domineering and arbitrary manner. BOSSAGE (bos'aj), n. Arch. 1. Stone in build- ing left projecting and rough, to be afterwards carved. 2. Rustic work, consisting of stones which advance beyond the nave or level of the building. BOSSY (bas'i or bos'i), a. Furnished with a boss or bosses; studded. BOSSY (bas'i or bos'i), a. Inclined to play the boss; domineering. BOSTON (bas'tun or bos'tun), n. 1. Chief city of Massachusetts. 2. Seaport in England. BOT (bot), n. Larva of a bot-fly. [Etym. doubt- ful.] BOTANIC (bo-tan 'ik), BOTANICAL (bo-tan'Ik- al), a. Pertaining to botany; containing plants. BOTANIST (bot'a-nist), n. One skilled in botany. BOTANIZE (bot'a-niz), v. [pr.p. BOT'ANIZING; p.t. and p.p. BOTANIZED (bot'a-nizd).] I. vt. Collect plants of for botanical study. II. vi. Study botany. BOTANY (bot'a-ni), n. Science which treats of plants. [Gr. botane, plant; from bosk o, feed, graze.] BOTANY Bay (bot'a-ni ba). Inlet on E. coast of Australia. BOTCH (boch), vt. [pr.p. BOTCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOTCHED (bocht).] 1. Make a poor job of. 2. Mend or patch clumsily. 3. Disfigure with botches. [O. H. Ger. botzen, strike, re- pair.] BOTCH (boch), n. Clumsy patch; ill-finished work. 2. Bungling workman. BOTCHER (boch'er), n. 1. Mender or repairer. 2. Unskillful workman. BOTCHERY (boch'er-i), n. Clumsy workman- ship; botched work. BOTCHY (boch'i), a. 1. Marked with botches. 2. Clumsily performed. BOT-FLY (bot'fli), n. Fly of which the bot is the larva. It deposits its eggs in the flesh of horses, and the larvae, or bots, cause the animals great distress. BOTH (both), I. a. and pron. The two; the one and the other. II. adv. and conj. As well; alike; equally. [A. S. ba the, both the.] BOTHER (botfc'er), v. [pr.p. BOTH'ERING; p.t. and p.p. BOTHERED (bofft'erd).] I. vt. Tease; perplex; annoy. II. vi. Trouble; concern one's self; make ado. [Etym. doubtful.] BOTHER (hoth'er), n. 1. Trouble; annoyance; vexation. 2. One who or that which bothers. BOTHERATION (bo*fc-er-a'shun), n. State of being bothered; annoyance; perplexity; vexa- tion. iate, fat ; task. far. fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \l=u in Scotch gucle; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. BOTHERSOME 147 BOUND BOTHERSOME (bot.Ver-sum), a. Perplexing: troublesome; vexatious. BO-TREE (bd'-tre), n. Name given In Ceylon to a tree of India (Ficus religloso), held sacred by the Bud- dhists, because under it the founder of Buddhism is said to have become "en- lightened." A slip of this tree was car- ried to Ceylon, where it sprouted and be- Bo " tree of <**<>*• came the now famous bo-tree of Ceylon, a shrine of the Buddhists. Also called peepui- tree, pipal-tree, and pippul-tree. [Singhalese bo, enlightenment.] BOTRTOID (bot'ri-oid), BOTRYOIDAL (bot- rl-oid'al)» »• Resembling a bunch of grapes. [Gr. botrys, cluster, and suffix -OII>.] BOTRYOLITE (bot'ri-o-lit), n. Min. Salt of lime, occurring in botryoidal forms. [Gr. botrys, cluster, and lithos, stone.] BOTT (bot), n. Same as BOT. BOTTLE (bot'l), I. n. 1. Vessel with a narrow neck and mouth, for holding liquids. 2. Quan- tity of liquid a bottle holds. 3. Intoxicating liquor, or the habit of drinking it. [Fr. bouteille.] BOTTLE (bot'l), vt. [pr.p. BOT'TLING; p.t. and p.p. BOTTLED (bot'ld).] 1. Put into a bottle or bottles. 2. Fasten up or confine within limits. BOTTLED (bot'ld), a. 1. Enclosed in a bottle or bottles. 2. Restrained, as if confined in a bottle. BOTTLE-HOLDER (bot'1-hold-er), n. 1. One who holds a bottle, sponge, etc., to refresh a pugilist, to whom he is second or supporter. 2. Any one who seconds another in an enter- prise. 3. Metal stand used to keep bottles containing aerated waters in an upright po- sition. BOTTLE-POOL (bot'1-pol), n. Game of pool played with three balls and a leather bottle. BOTTLER (bot'l-er), n. One who bottles. BOTTLING (bot'1-ing), n. Act or business of putting liquid, as beer or soda-water, into bottles. BOTTOM (bot'um), n. 1. Lowest part; that on which anything rests or is founded. 2. Low land, as In a valley. 3. The keel of a ship; hence the vessel itself. 4. Stamina; strength. 5. Lees. 6. Real support; prime mover. 7. Radical significance. 8. Bound or limit. 9. [pi.] Mining. Deepest workings. 10. [pi.] Metal. Heavy and impure metallic products of refining found at the bottom of the furnace in some stages of the copper smelting proc- esses. [A. S. botm.] BOTTOM (bot'um), o. Fundamental; basal. BOTTOM (bot'um), v. [pr.p. BOT'TOMING; p.t. and p.p. BOTTOMED (bot'umd).] I. vt. 1. Furnish with a foundation or basis. 2. Found or build upon. 3. Provide with a seat or bot- tom, as to bottom a chair. 4. Fathom. II. vi. 1. Have as a bottom. 2. Mech. Impinge, as cogs are said to bottom when their tops im- pinge upon the periphery of the co-acting wheel. BOTTOMED (bot'umd), a. Provided with a special bottom or foundation; as copper- bottomed. BOTTOMLESS (bot'um-les), a. Without a bot- tom; fathomless. BOTTOMRY (bot'um-ri), n. Mortgaging a vessel for sums advanced for the use of the ship. [From BOTTOM.] BOTULIFORM (bot'u-li-farm), a. Shaped like a sausage. [L. botulus, sausage, and FORM.] BOUDOIR (bo'dwar), n. Lady's private apart- ment. [Fr., from bonder, sulk.] BOUFFE (bof), n. Farcical comic operetta. [Fr.] BOUGH (bow), n. Branch of a tree. [A. S. b6g, boh, arm.] BOUGHT (bat), v. Past tense and past par- ticiple of BUY. BOUGIE (bo'ji), n. 1, Wax candle. 2. Surg. Instrument for inserting into a canal of the body to remove obstructions. [Fr.] BOUILLON (bo'yang or bol'yang), n. Clear strained meat-broth. [Fr.] BOULDER, BOWLDER (bol'der), n. Large rounded stone. [Etym. doubtful.] BOULEVARD (bol'e-vard), n. Broad avenue in a city, usually smooth-paved, lined with grass plats, trees or shrubbery, and used by light vehicles only. [Fr., from Ger. bollwerk.] -BOULOGNE (bo-16n'), n. Important seaport In France. BOULTER (bol'ter), n. Sea trot-line. BOUNCE (bowns), v. [pr.p. BOUN'CING; p.U and p.p. BOUNCED (bownst).] I. vt. 1. Drive, beat or push against suddenly. 2. Cause to bound. 3. Suddenly eject or throw out. 4. Peremptorily dismiss. II. vi. 1. Leap or spring suddenly. 2. Rebound. [Dut. bonzen, bounce, dismiss.] BOUNCE (bowns), n. 1. Sudden leap or spring. 2. Rebound. 3. Sudden heavy blow; bang. 4. Dismissal. 5. Sudden and forcible ejection. BOUNCER (bown'ser), n. 1. One who or that which bounces. 2. Something specially large or strong. 3. Monstrous lie; whopper. 4. Strong person employed to eject objection- able people in public resorts. BOUNCING (bown'sing), a. 1. That bounces. 2. Healthy; strong; robust. 3. Swaggering. BOUNCINGLY (bown'sing-li), adv. In a boun- cing manner. BOUND (bownd), n. 1. Limit or boundary. 2. Mark indicating a limit. 3. [pi.] District in- cluded within defined limits. [L.L. bodlna, limit.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, U=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=cft, in Scotch loch BOUND 148 BOWELS BOUND (bownd), vt. [pr.p. BOUND'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOUND'ED.] 1. Set bounds to; restrict; restrain. 2. State the boundaries of. 3. Form the boundary of; circumscribe. BOUND (bownd), v. [pr.p. BOUND'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOUND'ED.] I. vi. 1. Spring or leap. 2. Rebound. II. vt. 1. Cause to bound. 2. Cause to rebound. [Fr. bondir, spring, leap.] BOUND (bownd), n. 1. Spring or leap. 2. Rebound. BOUND (bownd), a. 1. Obliged. 2. Destined; going. 3. Determined. [See BIND.] BOUND (bownd), v. Past tense and past par- ticiple of BIND. BOUNDARY (bownd'a-ri), n. [pi. BOUND'A- RIES.] Border line. STN. Border; limit; bounds; confines; termination; verge; barrier; precinct. ANT. Inclosure; interior; interspace. BOUNDEN (bownd'en), a. Obliged; obligatory. BOUNDLESS (bownd'les), a. Without bound or limit; illimitable. BOUNTEOUS (bown'te-us), a. Bountiful; liber- al; beneficent; generous. [From BOUNTY.] BOUNTEOUSLY (bown'te-us-li), adv. In a bounteous manner; liberally. BOUNTEOUSNESS (bown'te-us-nes), n. Quality of being bountiful. BOUNTIFUL (bown'ti-fQl), a. 1. Liberal; mu- nificent; generous. 2. Showing abundance. BOUNTIFULLY (bown'ti-f Ql-i), adv. In a boun- tiful manner. BOUNTIFULNESS (bown'ti-fol-nes), n. Quality of being bountiful. BOUNTY (bown'ti), n. 1. Liberality in bestow- ing gifts. 2. Gift. 3. Premium given as an inducement to some service or to encourage some branch of industry. [Fr. bonte, good- ness.] SYN. Liberality; generosity; munificence; kindness; benignity; benevolence; benefi- cence; gift; donation; charity; premium; reward. ANT. Illiberality; closeness; nig- gardliness; parsimoniousness; stinginess. BOUQUET (bo-ka'), n. 1. Bunch of flowers; nosegay. 2. Aroma, specially of wine. [Fr.] BOUQUETIN (bo'ke-tin), n. Ibex of the Alps ( Capra Ibex), a species of goat which inhabits the high- est portions of the Alps. Bourbon (b«r'bun),n. 1. Member of last royal family of France. 2. Stub- born conservative poli- tician. 3. Peculiar brand of corn whiskey made in Bourbon County, Ken- tucky, U. S. BoURBONISM (bor'bun-izm), n. 1. Adherence to the legitimate royal line, so called from the House of Bourbon, a royal French family, Bouquetin (Capra Ibex). that for centuries formed the greatest dynastic power in Europe. 2. Stubborn conservatism. BOURGEOIS (bor-zhwa'), n. Middle-class citi- zen. [Fr., from bourg, town.] BOURGEOIS (bur-jois), n. Size of type between brevier and long primer. Eight lines to the inch. ^S^This line is in Bourgeois type. BOURGEOISIE (bor-zhwa-ze'), ». Middle class of citizens, especially traders. [Fr.] BoURGES (borzh), n. Ancient town in France. BOURN, BOURNE (born or born), n. Boundary. [Fr. borne, limit.] BOURSE (bors), n. Stock exchange. [Fr.] BOUT (bowt), «. 1. Turn; loop. 2. Round; contest; set-to. 3. One of a series of repeated actions; round. [A. S. byht, bend.] BOUTONNIERE (bo-ton-nyar'), n. Buttonhole- bouquet. [Fr.] BOVID (bo'vid), a. Zool. Pertaining to rumi- nant animals of the genus Bos. BoVID^ (bo-vide), n.pl. Family of hollow- horned ruminating animals, of which the genus Bos is typical. [See BOS.] BOVINE (bo'vin or bo'vin), a. 1. Of or pertain- ing to the Bovidce, especially the genus Bos; relating to oxen, cows, etc. 2. Cow-like. [L. L. bovinus; from L. bos, bovis, ox.] BOVINE (bo'vin or bo'vin), n. One of the Bovidce; ox or cow. BOW (bow), v. [pr.p. BOWING; p.t. and p.p. BOWED (bowd).] I. vt. 1. Depress or bend down. 2. Incline (the head or body) in token of respect or reverence. 3. Express by incli- ning the head, as assent. 4. Attend with bows, as to bow one out. 5. Subdue; crush; oppress. II. vi. 1. Bend the body in saluting. 2. Yield; obey. [A. S. bugan, bend.] BOW (bow), n. Forward inclination of the head or body, in respect, recognition, reverence, etc. BOW (bow), w. Naut. 1. Forward part of a ves- sel; usually in the plural bows, meaning the two sides of the forward part of the ship, as the starboard and port (larboard) bows. 2. Oarsman who pulls the oar nearest the bow. [Ice. bogr.] BOW (bo), n. 1. Bent piece of wood, with the ends connected by a string, used for shooting arrows. 2. Anything of a bent or curved shape, as a rainbow, violin bow. 3. Looped knot of ribbon, etc. [A. S. boga, bowl.] BOW (bo), v. [pr.p. BOWING; p.t. and p.p. BOWED (bod).] I. vt. Curve or bend like a bow. II. vi. Use the bow in playing a violin. BOWEL (bow'el), n. 1. Intestine; in the plural, intestines of an animal, especially man. 2. [pi.] Interior parts of anything. 3. Formerly, seat of pity or compassion; hence, pity; ten- derness; compassion. [O. Fr. boel, intestine.] BOWEL (bow'el), vt. [pr.p. BOW'ELING; p.t. and p.p. BOWELED (bow'eld).] Disembowel; eviscerate. BOWELS (bow'elz), n.pl. Intestines. [See BOWEL, n.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; \i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, BOWER 149 BOXBERRY BOWER (bow'6r), n. 1. Shelter made of boughs of trees, vines, etc.; arbor. 2. Sheltered re- treat; rustic cottage. 3. Formerly, a lady's boudoir. [A. S. bur, chamber, dwelling.] BOWER (bow'er), vt. [pr.p. BOW'ERING; p.t. and p.p. BOWEBED (bow'erd).] Shelter with boughs; embower. (Poetic.) BOWER (bow'er), n. Naut. Anchor cast from the bow of a vessel. BOWER (bow'er), n. In the game of euchre, either of the two knaves of the trump color. — Bight bower, knave of the trump suit, and highest card in the game. — Left bower, knave of the other suit of the same color, and next highest in value. [Ger. bauer, peasant.] BOWERY (bow'er-i), a. 1. Containing bowers. 2. Shady, like a bower. BOW-HAND (bo'hand), n. 1. Archery. Hand that holds the bow; left hand. 2. Music. Hand that draws" the bow when playing the violin; right hand. BOWIE-KNIFE (bo'e-nif), n. Heavy sheath knife, with long blade. [Named after the in- ventor, Colonel Bowie, who died in 1836.] BOW-INSTRUMENT (bo'in-stro-ment), n. Any musical instrument whose tones are sounded by the application of a bow. BOW-KNOT (bo'not), ». Knot with a loop in the form of a bow, and which can be untied by pulling an end. BOWL (bol), n. 1. Large cup or cup-like vessel for holding liquids. 2. The hollow part of anything. [A. S. bolla.] BOWL (bol), n. Large wooden ball used in the game of tenpins or bowls. [Fr. boule.] BOWL (bol), v. [pr.p. BOWL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOWLED (bold).] I. vt. 1. Roll, as a bowl or ball. 2. Strike with anything rolled. 3. Crick- et. Deliver (the ball) at the striker's wicket. 4. Trundle along on rollers or wheels. II. vi. 1. Play at tenpins or bowling. 2. Roll a bowl. 3. Roll smoothly and swiftly along. 4. Cricket. Deliver the ball. — Bowl out, in cricket, put out the striker by bowling down his wicket. BOWLDER (bol'der), n. Same as BOULDER. BOWLER (bol'er), n. 1. One who plays at bowls. 2. One who delivers the ball in cricket. BOWLINE (bo'lin), n. Naut. Rope fastened to the middle part of the outside of a sail, and designed to make the sail stand sharp or close to the wind. [BOW and LINE.] BOWLING (bol'ing), n. 1. Act or practice of playing tenpins or bowls. 2. Cricket. Act of delivering a ball. BOWLING-ALLEY (b6l'ing-al-i), n. Covered space with a smooth, planked floor for play- ing bowls or tenpins. BOWLING-GREEN (bol'ing-gren), n. Level lawn used as a place for playing bowls. BOWLS (bdlz), n.pl. 1. Game played in Eng- land with bowls on a smooth, level piece of greensward. 2. Game played in the U. S. with bowls or wooden balls In bowling-alleys; tenpins. [See BOWL, wooden ball.] BOW31AN (bd'man), n. [pi. BOWMEN.] Man who shoots with a bow; archer. BOW-NET (bo'net), n. Kind of wicker basket used for catching lobsters. BOW-OAR (bow'or), n. 1. Oar nearest the bow of a boat. 2. Man who handles this oar. BOW-PIN (bo'pin), n. Pin for holding in place the bow of an ox-yoke. BOW-SAW (bd'sa), n. Flexible saw, kept taut by a straining frame, used for cutting curves. BOWSHOT (bo'shot), n. Distance to which an arrow may be shot from a bow. BOWSPRIT (bo'sprit), n. Large boom or spar, which projects forward from the stem of a ship to carry sail and to sustain jibboom. BOWSTRING (bo'string), n. 1. String of a bow. 2. In Turkey, a cord used for strangling offenders; hence, strangulation. BOWSTRING (bo'string), vt. [pr.p. BOW'- STRINGING; p.t. and p.p. BOW'STRINGED or BOW'STBUNG.] 1. Furnish with a bow- string. 2. Strangle with a bowstring. BOW-WINDOW (bo'win-do), n. Rounded bay- window. BOW-WOOD (bd'wod), n. Wood of the Osage orange, used by the Indians for bows. BOW-WOW (bow'wow), n. 1. Sound emitted by a dog in barking. 2. Expressive but ludi- crous appellation for the dog itself. BOX (boks), I. n. 1. Case; chest; receptacle. 2. Contents of the case. 3. Space shut off for private use, as in a theater. 4. Driver's seat in a vehicle. 5. Much. Journal-bearing, iron bushing for a nave or hub. 6. Small house for temporary use, as a shooting-ooa; or huntlng- box. 7. In mitering, a trough for cutting miters. 8. Hollow tube in a pump, closed with a valve. [A. S. box.] BOX (boks), vt. [pr.p. BOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOXED (bokst).] 1. Inclose in a box. 2. Inclose, confine, or keep in anything box- like. 3. Furnish with a box or bushing. BOX (boks), n. 1. Blow with the open hand on the ear or cheek. 2. Blow with the fist. [Dan. bask, blow.] BOX (boks), v. [pr.p. BOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOXED (bokst).] I. vt. 1. Slap or cuff. 2. Strike with the fist. II. vi. Spar; engage in a pugilistic encounter, especially with boxing- gloves on. BOX (boks), n. Bot. 1. Tree or shrub of the ge- nus Buxus. 2. Boxwood. [A. S. box; from L. buxus, box-tree.] BOX (boks), vt. [pr.p. BOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOXED (bokst).] Naut. 1. Sail round. 2. Box- haul. — Box the compass, name all the points of the compass in their proper order. [A. S. box.] BOXBERRY (boks'ber-i), n. [pi. BOX'BERRIES.] Bot. Wintergreen or checkerberry, the Gaul' thcria procumbens, or its red berry. fate, fat, task, far, fall fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, =u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BOX-COAT 150 BRACHYGRAPHI BOX-COAT (boks'kot), n. 1. Heavy overcoat worn by drivers and coachmen. 2. Short overcoat reaching half way between the waist and knees. BOX-ELDER (boks'el-der), n. Bot. Ash- leaved maple, the Acer Negundo, of North America. BOXER (boks'er), n. 1. Member of a Chinese secret society which aims ostensibly at the expulsion of foreigners from China. 2. [b-] One who boxes, in any sense of the word. BOXHAUL (boks'hal), vt. [pr.p. BOX'HAULING; p.t. and p.p. BOXHAULED (boks'hald).] Naut. Bring (a ship), Avhen close-hauled, round upon the other tack, when she refuses to tack, and there is no room to wear. This is effected by bracing the yards aback. BOXING (boks'ing), ». Act or practice of sparring, especially with gloved fists; pugil- ism. BOXING (boks'ing), n. 1. Act of inclosing in a box. 2. Material for making boxes. 3. Casing into which window-shutters fold back. BOX-OFFICE (boks-of'is), n. Office where tickets to boxes at a theater or other place of amusement arc sold; ticket office. BOX-PLAIT (boks'plat), n. Plait formed by folding a double plait — that is, two plaits reverse ways. BOXWOOD (boks'wod), n. Wood of the box-tree. BOY (boi), n. [fern. GIRL.] 1. Male child; lad. 2. Page; young servant. 3. [pi.] Companions; com- rades; used in affection- ate familiarity, as a gen- eral towards his soldiers. [East Fries. box, boy, boy.] BOYCOTT (boi'kot), vt. [pr.p. p.t. and p.p. BOYCOTTED.] Box-plait. BOY'COTTING; Combine in re- fusing to work for, sell to, buy from, or have any commercial dealings with. [From Cap- tain Boycott, the first victim of it in Ireland, in 1880.] BOYCOTT (boi'kot), n. Combining of persons to have no commercial dealings with a person, firm or corporation. BOYHOOD (boi'hod), n. State of being a boy; time of life at which one is appropriately called a boy. BOYISH (boi'ish), a. 1. Characteristic of a boy or of boyhood. 2. Puerile; trifling. BOYISHLY (boi'ish-li), adv. In a boyish manner. BOYISHNESS (boi'ish-nes), n. State of being boyish. BOY'S-PLAY (boiz'pla), n. 1. Something that can easily be accomplished; trifling task or amusement. 2. Amusement worthy of a boy only. BRABBLE (brab'l), I. vi. [pr.p. BRABBLING; p.t. and p.p. BRABBLE© (brab'ld).] Quarrel; 8. Arch. wrangle. II. n. Brawl; quarrel; wrangle. [Dut. brabblen, confound, stutter.] BRACCATE (brak'at), a. Zool. Having the feet concealed by long feathers descending from the tibise. [L. bracoe, breeches.] BRACE (bras), vt. [pr.p. BRA'CING; p.t. and p.p. BRACED (brast).] 1. Tighten. 2. Strengthen. 3. Furnish with braces. 4. Put into position for resisting. BR. ICE (bras), n. 1. Support; prop; suspender. 2. That which holds together; clasp. 3. Print. Mark (^-^^), usually upright, con- necting two or more words or lines. 4. Pair; couple. 5. Tension; tightness. 6. Re- volving tool-holder for augers, drills, bits, etc. 7. Device for producing tension, as of a drum. Piece of timber, framed with bevel joints to keep the structure from swerving. 9. Naut. Rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard. 10. Mining. Mouth of a shaft. 11. One of the stays of a printing press which serves to keep it steady in its position. 12. Carp. One of the timbers of a roof which serve to "strut" or prop the "backs" or prin- cipal rafters into which the upper ends are framed. [O. Fr. brace, the two arms ex- tended.] BRACELET (bras'let), n. 1. Ornament clasping the wrist. 2. Piece of de- fensive armor for the arm. 3. Handcuff. (Col- loq.) BRACER (bra'ser), n. 1. That which braces, binds, or supports. 2. Strength- ening medicine; tonic: dram. 3. Defensive ar- mor for the arm. BRACHIAL (brak'i-al), a. 1. Belonging to the arm. 2. Resembling an arm. [L. brach- ialis; from bracJiium, arm.] BRACHIATE (brak'i-at), a. Bot. With op- posite branches in pairs and decussate. [L. brachiatus, with arm-like branches; from brachium, arm.] BRACHIOPOD (brak'i-o-pod), n. Animal of the class Brachiopoda. UrACHIOPODA (brak-i-op'o-da), n.pl. Zool. Class of acephalous bivalve mollusks having two fleshy arms at the sides of the mouth. [Gr. brachion, arm, and pous, podos, foot.] BRACHIUM (brak'i-um), n. [pi. BRACHIA (brak'i-a).] Anat. 1. Arm from the shoulder to the elbow; upper arm. 2. Biol. Arm-like appendage or process. [L.] BRACHYGRAPHY (bra-kig'ra-fi), n. Short- hand; stenography. [Gr. brachys, short, and graphe, writing.] Old Assyrian Brace- lets. f..t.e, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u—u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BRACING 151 BRAINSICK BRACING (bra'sing), I. a. Imparting tone or strength. II. n. 1. Act of bracing or state of being braced. 2. Engin. Any system of braces; as the tracing of a truss. BRACKEN (brak'n), n. Name uniformly given in Scotland to the common fern, elsewhere known as brake, the Pteris aquilina. [Ice. brakne, fern.] BRACKET (brak'et), n. 1. Any projection, plain or ornamental, suspended against, or fastened to a wall or other vertical surface, for the support of anything, as a clock, lamp, statue, etc. 2. Angular stay to support a shelf, mirror, etc. 3. Arch. Console; corbel. 4. Support placed beneath the eaves, or the projection at the gable of a building. 5. Naut. Timber knee in a ship's frame supporting the stern-gallery. 6. [pi.] Print. Marks [ ] used to inclose a word or words. [O. Fr. braquet.] BRACKET (brak'et), vt. [pr.p. BRACKETING; p.t. and p.p. BBACK'ETED.] 1. Support by brackets; furnish with a bracket or brackets. 2. Print. Inclose within brackets; couple together with a brace. BRACKETING (brak'et-ing), n. Arch. Skeleton support for moldings. BRACKET-LIGHT (brak'et-lit), n. Gas or elec- tric-light that projects from a side-wall. BRACKISH (brak'ish), a. Slightly salt. [Dut. brak, brackish.] BRACT (brakt), n. Bot. Modified leaf growing upon the flower-stalk. [L. bractea, thin leaf of metal.] BRACTEOLATE (brak'te-o-lat), a. Bot. Hav- ing bracteoles. BRACTEOLE (brak'te-61), n. Bot. Little bract. [L. bracteola, dim. t bractea. See BRACT.] BRAD (brad), n. 1. Thin nail, having in lieu of a head, a slight projection on one side of the top. 2. Thin, headless tack, used by glaziers. [Etym. doubtful.] BRAD-AWL (brad'al), n. Small awl with a chisel edge, used to make holes for brads. BRAE (bra), n. Upland; hill; hillside; river- bank. [Scotch, from Gael, braigh, summit.] BRAG (brag), v. [pr.p. BRAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. BRAGGED (bragd).] I. vt. Praise excessively or ostentatiously. II. vi. Make ostentatious pretenses; boast; speak vaingloriously ; swag- ger. [O. Fr. braguer, brag.] BRAG (brag), n. 1. Ostentatious pretense; boast. 2. Thing or matter boasted of. 3. One who boasts. 4. Game of cards, similar to poker. BRAGGADOCIO (brag-a-do'shi-6), n. 1. Boast- er. 2. Empty boasting. [Braggadocio, a boaster in Spenser's "Faerie Queene."] BRAGGART (brag'art), I. n. Vain boaster. II. a. Boastful. [O. Fr. bragard.] BRAGGER (brag'er), n. One who brags; brag- gart. BRAHMA (bra'ma), n. Hind. Myth. Deity viewed as Creator, and who since his work as such was finished, is regarded as living in sublime solitary retirement. [Sans.] BRAHMAN (bra'man), BRAHMIN (bra'min), n. Member of the first, or highest of the four Hindu castes ; one of the learned or sacerdotal class in India. BRAHMANIC (bra-man'ik), BrAHMINIC (bra- min'ik), a. Pertaining or relating to the Brahmans or Brahmanism. BRAHMANISM (bra'man-izm), BrAHMINISM (bra'min-izm), n. Religious system of the Brahmans. BRAID (brad), I. vt. [pr.p. BRAID'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRAID'ED.] 1. Plait. 2. Sew on braid. II. n. Plaited hair or band. [A. S. bredan, weave.] BRAIDER (brad'er), n. One who or that which braids; specifically, a sewing machine attach- ment for use in sewing a braid on cloth. BRAIDING (brad'ing), n. 1. Act of making braids. 2. Braids taken collectively. BRAIL (bral), n. 1. Naut. Small rope to furl a ship's sail. 2. Falconry. Leather to bind up a hawk's wing. [O. Fr., trouser-band.] BRAIL (bral), vt. [pr.p. BRAII/ING; p.t. and p.p. BRAILED (braid).] 1. Naut. Haul up by brails. 2. Falconry. Fasten up (the wing of a hawk) with a brail. BRAILLE (bral), n. 1. The point system of printing for the blind, by which raised points, embossed in the paper, in different forms, represent the letters and numerals. 2. The symbols representing the letters and numerals. BRAIN (bran), n. (Often in the plu- ral). 1. Mass of grayish-white mat- ter contained in the head. 2. Intellect; mind. [A. S. bregen.] BRAIN ( bran), vt. [pr.p. BRAIN'- ING; p.t. and p.p. BRAINED (brand) .] 1. Dash out the brains of. 2. Con- ceive in the brain; understand. BRAINED (brand), a. Brain and upper parf . of gp j, 1. Possessed of nal cord.— Sectional view: 1. brains. 2. Having Spinal cord. 2. One of the brains flashy nut cervical vertebrae. 3. One brains dashed out. of the neural spines _ 4 _ Little BRAIN-FAG (bran'- brain or cerebellum. 5. Brain. fag), [n. Nervous prostration; neurasthenia. BRAIN-FEVER (bran'fe-ver), n. Inflammation of the brain. BRAINLESS (bran'les), a. Without brains; silly; inane. BRAINPAN (bran'pan), n. Part of the skull which encases the brain; cranium. BRAINSICK (bran'sik), a. Of diseased brain or mind; flighty; deranged. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, niit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BRAINY 152 BRANDISH BRAINY (bran 'i), a. Having a well-developed brain; intellectual; of great mental ability. (Colloq.) BRAISE (braz), I. vt. [pr.p. BRAISING; p.t. and p.p. BRAISED (brazd).] Cook (meat) by stewing in a closed pan with vegetables and rich gravy, and slow baking afterward. II. n. Meat so cooked. [Fr. braiser. See BRAZIER.] BRAKE (brak), n. 1. Variety of fern. 2. Thicket of ferns or other plants. [Etym. doubtful.] BRAKE (brak), I. n. 1. Contrivance for retard- ing or stopping the motion of wheels, etc., as an air hrake or an electro-magnetic brake on a railroad car. 2. Instrument for breaking flax. 3. Wr,gon used in breaking-in horses. 4. Forepart of carriage, by which it turns. 5. Handle of a pump. 6. Bakers' kneading- machine. 7. Sharp bit or snaffle. 8. Heavy harrow. 9. Frame for holding a horse's foot while being shod. [From root of BREAK.] Electro-Magnetic Brake. BRAKE (brak), v. [pr.p. BRA'XING; p.t. and p.p. BRAKED (brakt).] I. vt. 1. Retard by means of a brake or brakes. 2. Bruise or break, as flax. 3. Operate upon by means of a brake of any kind. II. vi. Act or be em- ployed as a brakeman. BRAKE (brak), n. Place overgrown with shrubs, canes, brambles, etc.; thicket. [Dut. brak, fallow.] BRAKEMAN (brak'man), n. [pi. BRAKE'MEN.] Man who has charge of a brake or brakes, as on a rail- way train, in a mine, etc. BRAKY (bra'ki), a. Overgrown with brushwood; rough; thorny. BRAMBLE (bram'bl), n. 1. European blackberry bush. 2. Any rough prickly vine. [A. S. bremcl, thorn.] BRA3IBLING (bram'bling), n. fOTj- Zool. Bird, the mountain IP flnch (Fringilla montifrin- gilla). BRAMBLY (bram'bli), a. Over- grown with brambles; full Bramble (Rubus of brambles. fruticsus). BRAMIN (bra'min), n. Same as BRAHMAN. BRAN (bran), n. Husks of wheat, rye, etc. [Celt, bran, husk.] BRANCH (branch), n. 1. Bot. Shoot of a tree, shrub or other plant, especially one from a limb or main stem, and which usually again divides into branchlets and twigs. 2. Any offshoot, or any member, part, or subdivision of a body or system. 3. River or brook tributary to a larger stream. 4. Any part of a family descending in a collateral line. 5. Anat. Vein, artery, or anything similar joining another larger than itself. 6. Naut. Pilot bearing a commis- sion of the highest grade. [Fr. branche; from L. bracJiium, arm.] SYN. Bough; limb; shoot; twig; spray; offshoot; ramification; arm; section; de- partment; subdivision; part; portion; member; class. ANT. Trunk; stock; system; body. BRANCH (branch), v. [pr.p. BRANCHING; p.t. and p.p. BRANCHED (brancht).] I. vt. I. Divide into branches, or subordinate divisions. 2. Adorn with representations of branches, or of flowers, leaves and sprigs, II. vi. 1. Shoot out in branches. 2. Separate into subdivisions. BRANCHERY (branch'er-i), n. Bot. Vascular system of fruits. BRANCHIA (brang'ki-a), n. [pi. BRANCHLE (brang'ki-e).] Gill, or gill-like appendage. Used mostly in the plural. [L.] BRANCHIAL (brang'ki-al), BRANCHIATE (brang'ki-at), a. 1. Belonging or relating to the branchiae or gills. 2. Having gills. BRANCHING (branching), I. a. Supplied with branches; throwing out branches. II. n. Act of forming into branches. BRANCHIOPOD (brang'ki-o-pod), n. Zool. Crustacean having branchiae or gills attached to the feet. [BRANCHIA and -POD.] BRANCHLET (branch'let), n. Little branch; twig. BRANCHY (branch'i), o. Full of branches; spreading. BRAND (brand), n. 1. Piece of wood burning or partly burning. 2. Mark made by burning. 3. Trade-mark. 4. Quality; kind; make. 5. Stigma. 6. Sword. 7. Branding-iron. 8. Bot. Disease in plants, commonly called blight. [A. S. brand, brond, a burning, sword.] BRAND (brand), vt. [pr.p. BRAND'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRANDED.] 1. Mark with or as with a branding iron. 2. Stigmatize. BRANDENBURG (bran'den-borkh), n. Province and town in Prussia. BRAND-GOOSE (brand'gos), n. Brant; also called brent-goose. BRANDIED (bran'did), a. Mixed or flavored with brandy; preserved in brandy. BRANDISH (bran'dish), v. [pr.p. BRANDISH- ING; p.t. and p.p. BRANDISHED (bran'disht).] I. vt. Wave or flourish, as a sword. II. vi. late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, rait; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kli=c/i in bcotch loch. BRAND-NEW 153 BRAZIL-NUT Brant. Be flourished about or waved. [Fr. brandir, brandiss; from O. Fr. brand, sword.] BRAND-NEW (brand'nu), a. Perfectly new. (Vulgarly corrupted Into bran-new.) BRANDT (bran'di), n. Spirit distilled from grapes or other fruit. [Formerly brandywine; from Dut. brandewijn; from branden, burn, distil, and tcijn, wine.] BRANNY (bran'i), a. Containing or resembling bran. BRANT (brant), BRENT (brent), n. Zool. Species of small goose the B r a n t a bernicla, of the Atlantic coast of N. America. Also called brand-goose and brent-goose. [Properly from BRAND, in the compound BKAND- GOOSE.] BRASH (brash), n. 1. Geol. Angular fragments of stone, derived from a subjacent rock. 2. Fragmentary mass of any kind; rubble. 3. Pathol. Eruption on the skin; rash. [Fr. breclie.] BRASH (brash), o. Hasty in temper; impet- uous; Irascible. [Dut. barsch, impetuous.] BRASH (brash), a. Brittle; fragile; frail. [Celt, bresk, brush, fragile.] BRASIER (bra'zher), n. Worker in brass. [From BRASS.] BRASS (bras), n. 1. Alloy of copper and zinc. 2. Effrontery; Impudence. — Brass band, band of musicians performing upon brass instru- ments, [A. S. braes.] BRASSINESS (bras'i-nes), n. Quality of being brassy. BRASSY (bras'l), a. 1. Made of or covered with brass. 2. Resembling brass. 3. Brazen- faced; impudent. 4. Cheap; debased. BRAT (brat), n. 1. Child's bib. 2. Child. [Gael, brat, apron, rag.] BRAVADO (bra-va'do), n. [pi. BRAVA'DOS or BRAVA'DOES.] 1. Arrogant menace; swag- ger. 2. Swaggerer. [Sp.] BRAVE (brav), a. [Comp. BRA'VER; superl. BRAVEST.] 1. Courageous; intrepid; high- spirited; fearless. 2. Gallant; noble. 3. Excellent; fine. 4. Showy; grand. [Fr., from It. bravo, brave.] SYN. Daring; dauntless; doughty; val- iant; courageous; bold; gallant; chivalrous. ANT. Cowardly; timid. BRAVE (brav), n. Daring man; Indian warrior. BRAVE (brav), vt. [pr.p. BRAVING; p.t. and p.p. BRAVED (bravd).] 1. Meet or face with courage and fortitude; defy; dare. 2. Present a boastful show of. BRAVELY (brav'li), adv. Courageously; he- roically; gallantly; finely. BRAVERY (bra'ver-i), n. [pi. BRA'YERIES.] 1. State or quality of being brave. 2. Act of braving. BRAVO (bra'vd or bra'vo), n. [pi. BRA'VOS or BRA'VOES.] 1. Daring villain; hired as- sassin; brigand. 2. Exclamation of applause 3 signifying bravely or well done. BRAVO (bra'vo), inter j. Well done. [It.] BRAVURA (bra-vo'ra), n. Music. 1. Passage of considerable spirit. 2. Dashing style o2 performance. [It., bravery, spirit.] BRAWL (bral), vi. [pr.p. BRAWI/ING; p.t. and p.p. BRAWLED (braid).] Quarrel noisily. [Etym. doubtful. Allied to BRAG.] BRAWL (bral), n. Noisy quarrel; row. BRAWLER (bral'er), n. One who brawls. BRAWN (bran), n. 1. Muscle; thick flesh, es- pecially boar's flesh. 2. Muscular strength. [From root of Ger. braten, roast.] BRAWNY (bran'i), a. Muscular; hardy; strong. BRAXY (braks'i), n. Inflammatory disease of sheep. [BRASH.] BRAY (bra), vt. [pr.p. BRAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRAYED (brad).] Pound or grind small; pulverize by pounding or rubbing. [From root Of BREAK.] BRAY (bra), v. [pr.p. BRAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRAYED (brad).] I. vt. Utter with a harsh or grating sound. II. vi. Make a harsh, dis- sonant sound, like the bray of a donkey. [O. Fr. braire, bray.] BRAY (bra), n. Cry of a donkey; any similar harsh dissonant sound. BRAYING (bra'ing), n. Loud but senseless clam- or. BRAZE (braz), vt. [pr.p. BRA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. BRAZED (brazd).] 1. Cover or orna- ment with brass. 2. Solder with an alloy of brass and zinc. [A. S. brces, brass.] BRAZEN (bra'zn), a. 1. Made of or like brass. 2. Impudent; shameless. [A. S. brtesen.] BRAZEN (bra'zn), vt. [pr.p. BRA'ZENING; p.t. and p.p. BRAZENED (bra'znd).] Carry through with effrontery or impudence. BRAZEN-FACE (bra'zn-fas), n. One who acts with effrontery; shameless person. BRAZEN-FACED (bra'zn-fast), a. Bold to ex- cess; impudent: shameless. BRAZENLY (bra'zn-li), adv. In a bold shameless manner. BRAZENNESS (bra'zn-nes), n. Quality of being brazen. BRAZIER (bra'zher), n. Open pan for burning charcoal. [From Fr. braise, live coal.] Brazil (bra-zii), United STATES OF. Republic in S.America. Area 3,292,000 sq. m. BRAZILIAN (bra-zil'yan), n. Native of Brazil, in South America. Brazil-nut (bra-zii'nut), Pedro II., Emperor of Brazil. Bora 1^25 — died 1891. fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BREACH 154 BREASTPIN . «. Nut of a triangular shape, having a hard wrinkled shell, and a delicious creamy- white kernel, which soon becomes rancid. It is the seed of the tree Bertholetia excelsa, of Brazil. BREACH (brech), n. 1. Break or opening. 2. Breaking, as of a law, contract, etc. 3. Quar- rel. 4. Injury; fracture; rupture. [A. S. brece, a breaking.] SYN. Cleft; rift; rent; chasm; aperture; split; infraction; violation; infringement; dispute; quarrel; contention; difference; separation; misunderstanding. ANT. In- tegrity; healing; reconciliation. BREACH (brech), vt. [pr.p. BBEACH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BREACHED (brecht).] Make a breach or opening in, as a wall. BREACHY (brech'i), a. 1. Full of breaches. 2. Apt to make breaches, as cattle in fences. BREAD (bred), n. 1. Food made of flour or meal baked. 2. Food in general. 3. Liveli- hood. BREAD (bred), vt. [pr.p. BREAD'ING; p.t. and p.p. BREAD'ED.] Cookery. Cover with grated dry bread, or with bread-crumbs. BREAD-CRUMB (bred'krum), n. One of the small pieces formed by crumbling bread. BREAD-FRUIT (bred'- frot), n. Fruit of a tree of the South Sea Islands, which when roasted is said to re- semble bread. BREADSTUFF (bred'- stuf), n. Cereals or flour that can be con- verted into bread. BREADTH (bredth), n. 1. Extent from side to side; width. 2. Piece of fabric of its regular width. 3. Liberality, in views and opinions. [From A. S. root of BROAD.] BREADTHWISE (bredth'wiz), adv. In the direction of the breadth. BREAD-WINNER (bred'win-er), n. Member of a family whose earnings support it. BREAK (brak), v. [pr.p. BBEAK'ING; p.t. BROKE (brok); p.p. BROKEN (bro'kn).] I. vt. 1. Part by force; rupture. 2. Tame; subdue. 3. Weaken; impair. 4. Make bankrupt. 5. Act contrary to; violate. 6. Interrupt. 7. Make a first disclosure of. II. vi. 1. Go to pieces; burst. 2. Start suddenly; burst forth; appear. 3. Change suddenly. 4. Decline. 5. Discontinue friendly relations. 6. Fail finan- cially; become insolvent or bankrupt. 7. Lose health or strength. 8. Lessen the fores of. [A. S. brecan.] SYN. Split; rend; sever; crash; crack; fracture; shatter; smash; batter; violate; Infringe; transgress; demolish; destroy; tame; subdue; impair; weaken; enervate; Bread-fruit. bankrupt. ANT. Mend; observe; restore repair; reconstruct; recuperate. BREAK (brak), n. 1. Act of breaking. 2. Open- ing; breach. 3. Start; change. 4. Interrup- tion. 5. Kind of heavy carriage. 5. Elec. Any lack of conducting continuity in a circuit. BREAKABLE (brak'a-bl), a. Susceptible of being broken; frangible. BREAKAGE (brak'aj), n. 1. Act of breaking. 2. State of being broken. 3. Damage done to goods by being broken. 4. Allowance for ar- ticles broken during transportation or use. BREAKDOWN (brak'down), n. 1. Collapse. 2. Noisy shuffling dance. BREAKER (brak'er), n. 1. One who or that which breaks. 2. Wave that breaks on rocks or the shore — usually in the plural. BREAKFAST (brek'fast), n. First meal of the day. [BREAK and FAST.] BREAKFAST (brek'fast), v. [pr.p. BREAK'- FASTING; p.t. and p.p. BREAK'FASTED.] I. vt. Furnish with breakfast. II. vi. Take breakfast. BREAKING (brak'ing), n. 1. Act of fracturing. 2. Act of coming forth suddenly. — Break- ing in. 1. Act of bursting suddenly in upon. 2. Act or process of taming. — Breaking out, eruption. BREAKMAN (brak'man), n. [pJ. BREAK'MEN.] Same as BRAKEMAN. BREAKNECK (brak'nek), I. a. Likely to cause a broken neck; reckless. II. n. 1. Fall in which the neck is broken. 2. Steep place en- dangering the neck. BREAKUP (brak'up), n. Termination; disper- sion. BREAKWATER (brak'wa-ter), n. Barrier at the entrance of a harbor to break the force of the waves. BREAM (brem), n. European fresh-water fish of the carp family. [Fr. breme.] BREAM (brem), vt. [pr.p. BBEAM'ING; p.t. and p.p. BREAMED (bremd).] Naut. Burn off (the seaweed, ooze, etc.), from a ship's bottom. [BROOM.] BREAST (brest), n. 1. Front of the body between the neck and the abdomen. 2. Bosom. 3. Seat of the emotions. 4. Front or forepart of any- thing. [A. S. breost.] BREAST (brest), vt. [pr.p. BREAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. BREAST'ED.] 1. Bear the breast against; oppose manfully; buffet; stem. 2. Cover or protect with the breast; brood. BREASTBONE (brest'bon), n. Flat bone of the breast; sternum. BREASTFAST (brest'fast), n. Naut. Large rope to confine a ship sidewise to a wharf or quay, or to another ship. BREASTHOOK (brest'hok), n. Naut. Thick piece of timber, shaped like a knee, placed across the stem of a vessel to strengthen the forepart. BREASTPIN (brest'pin), n. Scarf-pin; brooch. fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above: m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, W=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc, in Scotch loch. ' BREASTPLATE 155 BRECON BREASTPLATE (brest'plat), n. Plate or piece of armor for the breast. BREAST-PLOW (brest'plow), n. Kind of small plow propelled by the hands, used to cut or pare turf. BREAST WHEEL (brest'hwel), n. Waterwheel which receives the water at the level of its axis. BREASTWORK (brest'wurk), n. Fort, Defen- sive work of earth or other materials breast- high. BREATH (breth), n. 1. Air drawn into, and then expelled from, the lungs. 2. Power of breathing; life. 3. Time occupied by once breathing. 4. Very slight breeze. 5. Single respiration. 6. Word; rumor. [A. S. brceth.] BREATHABLE (breWa-bl), a. That can be breathed; fit to be breathed. BREATHE (breffc), v. [pr.p. BREATHING; p.t. and p.p. BREATHED (breefcd).] I. vi. 1. Draw in and expel breath or air from the lungs. 2. Take breath; rest; pause. 3. Live. 4. Move softly, as a zephyr; exhale. II. vt. 1. Draw In and expel from the lungs, as air. 2. Infuse. 3. Give out as breath. 4. Utter softly. 5. Keep in breath; exercise. 6. Set in motion or act upon with the breath. 7. Put out of breath; exhaust. 8. Whisper. 9. Declare or express; manifest. 10. Utter privately. BREATHER (breffc'er), n. 1. One who breathes, or lives. 2. That which puts out of breath or exhausts. 3. Walk, drive or athletic turn to improve the respiration. BREATHING (breWing), ». 1. Act of respira- tion. 2. Aspiration. 3. Respite. 4. Gentle breeze. 5. Inspiration. 6. Exercise. 7. Words spoken; utterance. 8. An aspirate. 9. Breath- ing place; vent. BREATHLESS (breth'les), o. 1. Out of breath. 2. Unable to breathe. 3. Without breath; dead. BRECCIA (brech'ya), n. Rock composed of agglutinated angular fragments of the same or different rock. [It., from Fr. breche, breach.] BRED (bred), v. Past tense and past participle of BREED. BREECH (brech), n. 1. Lower part of the body behind. 2. Hinder part of anything, as of a gun. [A. S. brec. See BREECHES.] BREECH (brech), vt. [pr.p. BREECH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BREECHED (brecht).] 1. Put into breeches. 2. Fit with a breech, as a gun. 3. Connect by a breeching. BREECH-BLOCK (brech'blok), n. Block which closes the priming-hole of a breech-loading cannon. BREECHCLOTH (brgch'klath), n. Cloth worn round the breech. BREECHES (brich'ez), n.pl. Garment worn by men on the lower part of the body; trousers; pantaloons. [A. S. br$c, pi. of brec. See BREECH.] BREECHES-BUOY (brich'ez-boi), n. Life-buoy having a pair of canvas breeches attached, for carrying a person along a life-line from a wrecked vessel to the shore. BREECHING (brech'ing), w. 1. Part of a har- ness which passes round the haunches of a horse. 2. Naut. Ropes with which a cannon is lashed to the sides of a ship to prevent its recoil. 3. Whipping; spanking. BREECH-LOADER (brech'16d-Sr), n. Gun loaded by introducing the charge at the breech. BREECH-LOADING (brcch'ldd-ing), o. Made to be loaded at the breech. BREECH-PIN (brech'pin), n. Plug which closes the rear end of the bore of a firearm barrel. BREED (bred), v. [p.p. BREEDING; p.t. and p.p. BRED.] I. vt. 1. Procreate; beget; generate; produce. 2. Be the source of; cause; engender; occasion. 3. Educate; train; bring up. 4. Manage, as the breeding of animals. 5. Cherish; nourish; foster. 6. Contrive; plot; hatch. II. vi. 1. Produce offspring. 2. Be produced, generated or formed; have birth. 3. Raise a breed; propagate. 4. Be the birth- place of animate beings. [A. S. brSdan, from brod, brood.] BREED (bred), n. 1. That which is bred; off- spring. 2. Subdivision of species; stock; strain; variety; kind. BREEDER (bred'er), n. 1. That which breeds. 2. One who manages the breeding of animals as of cattle or horses. BREEDING (bred'ing), n. 1. Act of bearing or producing. 2. Nurture; education; training; bringing up. 3. Deportment; manners. BREEZE (brez), n. 1. Gentle gale; light wind. 2. Slight disturbance or quarrel. 3. Flutter of excitement. [Fr. brise, northeast wind.] BREEZE (brez), BREEZE-FLY (breVfll), n. Stinging fly; gad-fly; bot-fly. [A. S. breosa.] BREEZE (brez), n. 1. Refuse cinders used in the burning of bricks. 2. Sweepings. [Fr. briser, break.] BREEZELESS (brez'les), a. Undisturbed by any breeze; calm; still. BREEZY (brez'i), a. 1. Windy; found with or subject to breezes. 2. Lively; brisk; animated. BREMEN (brem'en; Ger. bra'men), «. Free city in Germany; seaport. Area 99 sq. m. BRENT (brent), n. Same as BRANT. BRESLAU(bres'low).». City in Prussia. BREST (brest), n. Seaport in France. BRETHREN(brefft'ren), n.pl. Brothers; specifically, fel- low-members of a society or brotherhood. BRETON (bret'un), I. n. 1. Native of Brittany or Bre- tagne, ancient province of France. 2. Language of Breton. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BREVE 156 BRIDGE the Bretons. II. a. Relating to Brittany or to the Bretons. BREVE (brev), w. 1. Music. Note of time equal to two semibreves. 2. Print. Curved mark [ w ] sometimes used over a vowel to indicate a particular sound of the letter, usually its short sound. 3. Old Eng. Law. A Judicial writ or precept. [It., from L. brevis, short.] BREVET (bre-vef), I. n. Military commission giving an officer higher rank than that for which he receives pay. II. a. Taking rank by brevet; bre vetted. [Fr.] BREVET (bre-vef), vt. [pr.p. BREVET'TING; p.t. and p.p. BREVET'TED.] Confer rank upon by brevet. BRE VETC Y (bre-vet'si), n. Rank held by brevet. BRE VI-, stem. Short. [L. brevis, short.] BREVIARY (bre'vi-ar-i), n. [pi. BBE'VIARIES.] 1. Abridgment. 2. Book containing the daily service of the Roman Catholic Church. [Fr. breviaire.] BREVIER (bre-ver'), n. Type between bourgeois and minion; 9 lines to inch. IggrThis line is in Brevier. BREVIPED (brev'1-ped), a. Zool. Short-legged. [Fr. brevipede; from L. brevis, short, and pes, pedis, foot.] BREVIPENNATE (brev-i-pen'at), a. Zool. Having short wings. [BREVI-and PENNATE.] BREVIROSTRATE (brev-i-ros'trat), a. Zool. Having a short bill. [BREVI- and ROS- TRATE.] BREVITY (brev'i-ti), n. [pi. BREVITIES.] 1. Shortness of time or duration. 2. Concise- ness or briefness of speech or composition. [L. brevitas, from brevis, short.] BREW(bro),t>. [pr.p. BREWING; p.t. and p.p. BREWED (brod).] I. vt. 1. Prepare (a liquor), as from malt and other materials. 2. Con- trive; plot. 3. Concoct. II. vi. 1. Perform the operation of brewing. 2. Be gathering or forming. [A. S. breowan.] BREW (bro), n. Liquor brewed; brewage. BREWAGE (bro'aj), n. That which is brewed; liquor produced by brewing; concoction; plot. BREWER (bro'er), n. One who brews. BREWERY (bro'er-i), n. Place for brewing. BREWHOUSE (bro'hows), n. Brewery. BREWING (bro'ing), n. 1. Act or process of making malt liquor. 2. Quantity of liquor brewed at once. 3. Gathering of storm- clouds. BREWIS (bro'is), n. Bread soaked in boiling fat, hot milk, or the like. [A. S. briwas, broth.] BRIAR (bri'ar), n. Same as BRIER. BrIAREUS (bri-a're-us), n. Greek Myth. A giant with fifty heads and a hundred hands; son of Uranus. BRIBABLE (bri'ba-bl), o. Capable of being bribed. BRIBE (brib), n. 1. Reward or consideration of any kind given or offered to any one cor- ruptly, with a view to influence his Judgment or conduct. 2. That which seduces or allures. [Fr., originally meaning piece of bread, from breva, break.] BRIBE (brib), v. [pr.p. BRI'BING; p.t. and p.p. BRIBED (bribd).] I. vt. Give a bribe to; influence by a bribe. II. vi. Engage in bri- bing; be guilty of bribery. BRIBERY (bri'ber-i), n. Crime of giving or taking a bribe or bribes. BRIC-A-BRAC (brik'a-brak), n. Articles of virtu; curious ornamental objects. [Fr.] BRICK (brik), I. n. 1. Oblong or square piece of burned clay. 2. Anything in the shape of a brick. Gold and silver of the mines are molded into the form of bricks, and are known as gold or silver bricks. [See GOLD-BRICK.] 3. Bricks collectively. 4. Colloquially, a good fellow. [Fr. brique.] BRICK (brik), vt. [pr.p. BRICK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRICKED (brikt).] Lay or construct with bricks. BRICKBAT (brik'bat), n. Piece of a brick. BRICKDUST (brik'dust), n. Dust arising from pounded bricks. BRICK-KILN (brik'kil), n. Kiln or furnace in which bricks are burned or baked. BRICKLAYER (brik'la-er), n. One whose trade or business is to lay bricks; brickmason. BRICKLAYING (brik'la-ing), n. Art or trade of building with bricks. BRICKMAKER (brik'ma-ker), n. One whos« trade or business is to make bricks. BRICK-NOGGING (brik'nog-ing), n. Brickwork filled in between timber framing. BRICKWORK (brik'wurk), n. 1. Structure formed of bricks. 2. Laying of bricks. BRICKYARD (brik'yard), n. Enclosure or place where bricks are make. BRIDAL (bri'dal), I. n. Marriage feast; wed- ding. II. a. Belonging to a bride or a wed- ding; nuptial. BRIDE (brid), n. 1. Woman about to be mar- ried. 2. Woman newly married. [A. S. bryd.] BRIDECAKE (brid'kak), BRIDESCAKE (bridz'- kak), n. Rich cake for distribution among the friends of the bride and bridegroom at a wedding. BRIDEGROOM (brid'grom), n. Man newly married, or about to be married. [A. S. bryd, bride, and guma, man.] BRIDESMAID (bridz'mad), n. Unmarried wom- an or girl who attends on the bride at a wed- ding. BRIDEWELL (brld'wel), n. Prison; Jail; lock- up; house of correction. [From a palace near St. Bride's well, in London, which was turned into a penitentiary.] BRIDGE (brij), n. 1. Structure raised across a river, etc. 2. Any similar structure. 3. Form fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. BRIDGE 157 BRILLIANT of whist, in which the game consists of 30 points, obtained by tricks alone.— Electric bridge, device for readily measuring an un- known electric resistance. BRIDGE (brij), vt. [pr.p. BRIDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRIDGED (brijd).] 1. Build a bridge over. 2. Establish a passage across; span. 3. Delay or detain by turning a bridge. BRIDGEBOARD (brijbord), n. Arch. Notched board on which the ends of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened. BRIDGING (brlj'ing), n. Arch. Short cross- pieces connecting adjacent floor-joists to prevent lateral deflection. BRIDGE-WORK (brij'wurk), n. Dentistry. In- sertion of several teeth without the use of a plate. BRIDLE (brl'dl), n. 1. Head-gear by means of which a horse's movements are controlled. 2. Any curb or restraint. [A. S. bridel.] BRIDLE (bri'dl), v. [pr.p. BRI'DLING; p.t. and p.p. BRIDLED (bri'dld).] I. vt. 1. Put a bri- dle on. 2. Check; curb; restrain; control. II. vi. Hold up the head and draw in the chin in real or affected pride or scorn. BRIDLE-HAND (bri'dl-hand), n. Hand that holds the bridle in riding on horseback; the left hand. BRIDLE-PATH (bri'dl-path), n. Path suffi- ciently wide to allow of the passage of a horse, though not of a carriage. BRIDLER (bri'dler), n. One who bridles. BRIDLE-REIN (bri'dl-ran), n. Rein passing from the hand to the bit, or from the check- hook to the bit; or, in wagon-harness, from the top of the hames to the bit. BRIDOON (bri-don'), n. Snaffle-bit and rein used in military equipments in connection with a curb-bit which has its own rein. [Fr. bridon.] BRIEF (brgf), I. a. 1. Short in duration; not lasting. 2. Concise in language; succinct. II. n. 1. Short account of a client's case for the instruction of counsel. 2. Short statement of any kind. [Fr. bref — L. brevis, short.] SYN. Short; limited; concise; condensed; succinct; summary; compendious; laconic; terse; transitory; transient; fleeting; short- lived. ANT. Long; lengthy; protracted; prolix; diffuse. BRIEF (bref), vt. [pr.p. BRIEF'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRIEFED (breft).] Make an abridgment, abstract, or brief of; epitomize. BRIEFLESS (bref'les), a. 1. Having no brief. 2. Without a client. BRIEFLY (bref li), adv. In a brief manner. BRIEFNESS (bref'nes), n. Quality of being brief. BRIER (bri'er), n. 1. Prickly shrub. 2. Wild rose. [A. S. brSr, thorn.] BRIER-ROOT (bri'er-rot), n. Root of the white heath, used for making pipe bowls. Brig. BRIG (brig), n. Two-masted, square-rigged vessel. [Shortened from BRIGANTINE.] BRIGADE (bri-gadO, n. Body of troops consisting of two or more regiments. [Fr.] BRIGADE (bri-gad'), vt. [pr.p. BRIGA'DING; p.t. and p.p. BRIGA'DED.] Form into bri- gades. BRIGADIER (bri g-a-der '), BRIGADIER -GENERAL ( jen'er-al), n. General in command of a brigade. BRIGAND (brig'and), n. Robber, free-booter. [Fr.; from It. brigante; from briga, strife.] BRIGANDAGE (brig'and-aj), n. Plundering; systematic robbery. BRIGANTINE (biig'an-tin), n. Small, light vessel or brig. [From BRIGAND, because such a vessel was used by pirates.l BRIGHT (brit), a. [comp. BRIGHT'ER; superl. BRIGHTEST.] 1. Shining; full of light; luminous. 2. Clear; unclouded. 3. Resplen- dent with beauty or charms. 4. Quick-witted; clever; promising. 5. Of brilliant colors ; gay. 6. Cheerful; gay; happy; joyful. 7. Illus- trious; noble; celebrated. SYN. Shining; splendid; luminous; bril- liant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; glittering; glistening; radiant; lustrous; flashing; sparkling; gleaming; beaming; clear; transparent; lucid; limpid; pellucid; translucent; illustrious; famous; glorious; auspicious; promising. ANT. Obscure; dull; dead; muddy; cloudy; gloomy; ig- nominious. BRIGHTEN (brit'n), v. [pr.p. BRIGHTENING; p.t. and p.p. BRIGHTENED (brit'nd).] I. vt. Make bright or brighter; make cheerful. II. vi. Grow bright or brighter; clear up. BRIGHTLY (brlt'li), adv. Brilliantly; clearly; splendidly. BRIGHTNESS (brit'nes), n. Quality of being bright. BRIGHTON (bri'tun), n. Principal watering- place in England, on the Channel. BRILL (bril), n. White-spotted fish of the turbot kind. BRILLANTE (bril-lan'ta), adv. Music. In a gay and lively manner; brilliantly. [It.] BRILLIANCE (bril'yans), BRILLIANCY (bril'- yan-si), n. Quality of being brilliant. BRILLIANT (bril'yant), I. a. Sparkling; splen- did. II. n. 1. Diamond of the finest cut. 2. Print. Size of type smaller than diamond; 3£ point. [Fr. briller, to shine.] tS~ Thin line U let in Brilliant. Top view. Side view. Back view. Brilliant with 58 faces. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, riot, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BRILLIANTINE 158 BROAD-ARROW BRILLIANTIXE (bril'yan-ten), ». 1. Rich dress- fabric, resembling alpaca, and finished on both sides. 2. Oily cosmetic for the hair. BRILLIANTLY (bril'yant-li), adv. In a brilliant manner. BRILLIANTNESS (bril'yant-nes), n. Quality of being brilliant. BRIM (brim), n. 1. Brink of a river or lake. 2. Upper edge of a vessel. 3. Projecting rim around a hollow, as in a hat. [A. S.] BRIM (brim), v. [pr.p. BRIMMING; p.U and p.p. BRIMMED (brimd).] I. vt. Fill to the brim. II. vi. Be full to the brim. BRIMFUL (brim'fol), a. Full to the brim; com- pletely full. BRIMLESS (brim'les), a. Having no brim. BRIMMED (brimd), a. 1. With a brim. 2. Up to the brim. BRIMMER (brim'er), n. Bowl or cup full to the brim; glass brimful. BRIMMING (brim'ing), o. Full to the top or brim. BRIMSTONE (brim'ston), n. Sulphur. [From A. S. byrnan, burn, and STONE.] BRINDED (brin'ded), BRINDLED (brin'dld), a. Marked with spots or streaks. [From BRAND- ED.] BRINE (brin), n. Salt-water; sea. [A. S. byrnan, burn.] BRINE (brin), vt. [pr.p. BRINING; p.U and p.p. BRINED (brind).] Steep in brine. BRING (bring), vU [pr.p. BRING'ING; p.t. and p.p. BROUGHT (brat).] 1. Cause to come; lead; draw. 2. Bear; convey; carry. 3. Fetch; procure; produce. 4. Prevail upon. 5. Help on; guide; conduct. [A. S. bringan.] SYN. Fetch; procure; adduce; import; cause; secure; induce. ANT. Export; remove; abstract; subtract; exclude; debar; transport. BRINGER (bring'er), n. One who or that which brings. BRINISH (bri-nish), a. Like brine; salty. BRINK (bringk), n. Edge or border of a steep place or of a river. BRINY (brin'i), c. Pertaining to brine or the sea; salt. BRIO (bre'6), CON BRIO (kon bre'6). Music. Animatedly; with spirit. [It.] BRISBANE (briz'ban), n. Capital of Queens- land, Australia. BRISEIS (bri-se'is), n. Greek Myth. Slave girl, Hippodamia, daughter of Briseus, whose fatal beauty was the cause of the strife be- tween Achilles and Agamemnon. BRISK (brisk), a. Lively; rapid; effervescing. [From root of Fr. brusque.] BRISK (brisk), v. [pr.p. BRISK'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRISKED (briskt).] I. vt. Render spright- ly; enliven; animate. II. vi. Brighten up; become brisk. BRISKET (brisk'et), n. 1. Breast of an animal. 2. Part of breast next to ribs. [0. E. brusket.] BRISKLY (brisk'li), adv. Actively; with life and spirit. BRISKNESS (brisk'nes), n. Liveliness; vivacity. BRISTLE (bris'l), n. Short, stiff hair, as of swine. [A. S. byrst.] BRISTLE (bris'l), v. [pr.p. BRIS'TLING; p.t. and p.p. BRISTLED (bris'ld).] I. vt. 1. Erect in bristles. 2. Raise, as in pride, cour- age, or rage. 3. Cover or furbish with bris- tles. II. vi. 1. Stand erect as bristles. 2. Stand thick and close together as bristles do. 3. Show pride, indignation, or scorn. BRISTLED (bris'ld), a. 1. Covered with bristles. 2. Standing erect as bristles. BRISTLINESS (bris'li-nes), n. State of being bristly. BRISTLY (bris'li), a. 1. Set with bristles. 3. Of the nature of bristles. BRISTOL (bris'tul), n. Seaport in England. BRISTOL-BOARD (bris'tul-bord), n. Fine smooth cardboard. [Bristol, In England.] Britain (brit'an), n. same as Great Brit- ain. BRITANNIA (bri-tan'i-a), «. Alloy of tin, anti- mony, zinc, and copper. BRITANNIC (bri-tan'ik), a. Pertaining to Great Britain. BRITICIS3I (brit'i-sizm), n. Word or phrase pe- culiar to and characteristic of the British people. BRITISH (brit'ish), a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its people. British Columbia (co-ium'M-a). Province in Canada. Area 310,191 sq. m. British Honduras (non-do'ras). English colony in Central America. Area 7,562 sq. m. BRITON (brit'un), n. Native of Great Britain. BRITTLE (brit'l), a. E -sily broken. [A. S. breotan, break.] BRITZSKA (brits'ka), n. Open four-wheeled carriage, having a calash top and space for reclining when on a journey. [Russ.] BROACH (broch), vt. [pr.p. BROACHING; p.t. and p.p. BROACHED (\rdcht).] 1. Pierce. 2. Tap; open up; begin. 3. Suggest; publish first. 4. Naut. Turn a vessel to windward. [Fr. brocher, pierce.] BROACH (broch), n. 1. Pointed or penetrating instrument; awl. 2. Boring instrument; reamer. 3. Same as BROOCH. BROACHER (broch'er), n. 1. One who broaches; first publisher; suggester. 2. Spit for roast- ing meat. BROAD (brad), a. [Comp. BROAD'ER; superl. BROADEST.] 1. Wide; large; free; open. 2. Comprehensive; liberal. 3. Coarse; In- delicate. [A. S. brad.] BROAD (brad), n. Broad part of anything. BROAD-ARROW (brad'ar-6), n. Mark formed by three lines broader at one end than the other, meeting together in a point, thus: Jfj^ It is stamped or cut on all English gov- ernment property or stores. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, u.—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i. in Scotch loch. BROADAX 159 BROMIZE BBOADAX, BBOADAXE (brad'aks), «. 1. Ax with a broad edge and short handle. 2, Bat- tle-ax. BROADBILL (brad'bil), n. 1. Zool. Species of wild duck, the Anas clypeata; shoveler. 2. Spoonbill, the Platalea leucorodia. BROADBBIM (brad 'brim), n. 1. Hat with a broad brim. 2. Quaker or Friend. BROAD-BRIMMED (brad'brimd), a. Having a broad brim. BROADCAST (brad'kast), I. n. Sowing of seed at large by hand. II. a. Sown by the hand at large; widely scattered. III. adv. By scattering at large or widely. BROADCAST (brad'kast), vt. [pr.p. BEOAD'- CASTING; p.t. and p.p. BROADCAST or BROAD'CASTED.] Sow broadcast. BROADCLOTH (brad'klath), n. Fine, smooth woolen cloth, commonly made double width, a yard and a half. BROADEN (brad'n), v. [pr.p. BROADENING; p.t. and p.p BROADENED (brad'nd).] I. vt. Make broad or broader. II. vi. Grow broad. BROAD-GAGE (brad'gaj), a. Noting a rail- road whose width between the rails is four feet eight and a half inches or more. BROAD-HORNED (brad'harnd), a. Having wide-spread horns. BROADISH (brad'ish), a. BROADLY (brad'li), adv. BROADNESS (brad'nes), broad. BROAD-SEAL (brad'sel), nation or state. BROADSIDE (brad'sid), n. 1. Side of a ship. 2. All the guns on one side of a ship of war, or their simultaneous discharge. 3. Sheet of paper printed on one side. BROADSWORD (brad'sord), n. Sword with a broad blade. BROB (brob), n. Carp. Peculiar form of spike driven alongside a timber which makes a butt-joint against another, to prevent the former from slipping. [Gael, brog, probe.] BROCADE (bro-kad'), n. Silk stuff in which figures are wrought. [From root of BROACH.] BROCADED (bro-ka'ded), a. 1. Worked bro- cade-like. 2. Dressed in brocade. BROCAGE (bro'kaj), n. Same as BROKERAGE. BROCARD (brok'ard), n. Accepted maxim or principle. [Burkhard, a compiler of ecclesias- tical canons.] BROCATEL (brok'a-tel), n. 1. Min. Variegated calcareous stone. 2. Kind of coarse brocade. [Fr. brocateile.'] BROCCOLI (brok'o-li), n. Common garden vegetable, the Brassica oleracea, differing from the cauliflower in having colored instead of white heads, and in having leaves of a deeper hue. [It., pi. of broccolo, sprout.] BROCHURE (br6-shtir'), n. Pamphlet; brief composition. [Fr., from brocher, stitch.] Rather broad. In a broad manner. n. Quality of being n. Official seal of a BROGAN (bro'gan), n. Stout, coarse shoe. [Gael., dim. of brog, shoe.] BROGUE (brog), n. Coarse, rough shoe; brogan. [Gael, brog, shoe.] BROGUE (brog), n. Dialectic pronunciation of English, especially that of the Irish. [Gael. brog, shoe.] BROIL (broil), n. Noisy quarrel. [Fr. brouiller, confuse.] BROIL (broil), v. [pr.p. BROIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BROILED (broild).] I. vt. Cook over hot coals, generally upon a gridiron. II. vi. 1. Become cooked over hot coals. 2. Sweat with heat. [O. Fr. bruiller.] BROKAGE (bro'kaj), n. Same as BROKERAGE. BROKE (brok), v. Past tense of BREAK. BROKE (brok), vi. [pr.p. BROKING; p.t. and p.p. BROKED (brokt).] Carry on or engage in the business of a broker. [From BROKER.] BROKEN bro'kn), a. 1. Rent asunder; in pieces. 2. Infirm. 3. Humbled. 4. Trained. 5. Intermittent. 6. Rough; rugged; broken- up. 7. Unobserved; unkept. 8. Not fluent, as broken accents. 9. Disordered, as troops. 10. Unsettled, as broken weather*. BROKEN-DOWN (bro'kn-down), a. Wrecked; prostrated; disintegrated. BROKEN-HEARTED (bro'kn-hart-ed), a. Crushed in spirit by grief or anxiety. SYN. Disconsolate; inconsolable; com- fortless; cheerless; woebegone; forlorn; desolate; heart-broken. ANT. Joyous; cheerful; merry; happy; gay; jovial; glad- some; blithe. BROKER (bro'ker), n. One who buys and sells for others, especially stocks and securities. [A. S. brucan, use.] BROKERAGE (bro'ker-aj), n. 1. Business of a broker. 2. Commission charged by a broker. BROMA (bro'ma), n. Preparation of cacao. [Gr. broma, food.] BROMAL (bro'mal), n. Chem. Oily liquid of unpleasant odor and pungent taste, obtained by the action of dry bromine on absolute alcohol. BROMATE (bro'mat), ». Chem. Salt of bromic acid. BROMIC (bro'rnik), a. Of or pertaining to bromine, especially in its higher valence. BROMIDE (bio'mid or brd'mid), n. 1. Chem. Combination of bromide with a base. 2. Platitudinous person; see SU:LPHIBE. (Slang.) BROMINE (bro'min), n. Element closely allied to iodine, so called from its smell. [Gr. bromos, bad odor.] BROMISM (bro'mizm), n. Pathol. Morbid con- dition resulting from the excessive use of bromine. BROMIZE (bro'miz), vt. [pr.p. BRO'MIZING; p.t. and p.p. BROMIZED (bro'mizd).] Photog. Treat with bromine; as, to bromize a silvered plate. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; ii=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, , then, kh=c£ in Scotch loch. BROMOFORM 160 BRUISE Ox or pertaining Pathol, Infiam- Broncho. BROMOFOEM (bro'mo-farm), n. Compound of bromine and formyl, corresponding to chloroform. [BROMINE and FOKMTL.] BRONCHI (brong'ki), n.pl. Anat. 1. Any of the air-passages in the lungs, great or small. 2. The two great tubes into which the trachea divides beneath, just before entering the lungs. [See BRONCHUS.] BRONCHIA (hrong'ki-a), n.pl. Ramifications of the windpipe which carry air into the lungs. [Gr. bronchos, windpipe.] BRONCHIAL, (brong'ki-al), a. to the bronchia. BRONCHITIS (brong-M'tis), n. mation of the bronchia. BRONCHO, BRONCO (brong'ko), n. Small Mex- ican horse; mustang. BRONCHOCELE (brong'ko- sel), n. Pathol. Goiter. [Gr. bronchos, windpipe, and Jcele, swelling.] BRONCHOPHONY (brong- kof'o-ni), n. Med. Loud, clear, ringing sound in the chest detected by auscultation, [Gr. bronchos, windpipe, and phone, sound.] BRONCHOTOMY (brong-kot'o-mi), n. Surg. Incision into the windpipe. [Gr. bronchos, windpipe, and tome, cutting.] BRONCHUS (brong'kus), n. [pi. BRONCHI (brong'ki).] Anat. Either of the two great tubes into which the trachea divides beneath. [Gr. bronchos, windpipe.] BRONCO (brong'ko), n. Same as BRONCHO. BRONZE (bronz), n. 1. Mixture of copper and tin. 2. Anything cast in bronze. 3. Color of bronze. 4. Impudence. [Fr.] BRONZE (bronz), it. [pr.p. BRONZING; p.t. and p.p. BRONZED (bronzd).] I. Make like bronze in appearance or color. 2. Render hard or unfeeling; brazen. BRONZY (bronz'i), a. Resembling bronze. BROOCH (broch or broch), n. Ornamental pin for fastening an article of dress. [Fr. broche, spit.] BROOD (br6d), n. 1. Hatch; the young birds hatched or bred at one time. 2. That which is bred; breed. 3. Offspring; progeny. 4. Min. Heterogeneous mixture. [A.S. brod.~] BROOD (briid), v. [pr.p. BROODING; p.t. and p.p BROODED.] I. vt. 1. Sit over and cover, as a hen with her wings. 2. Meditate. 3. Cherish. II. vi. 1. Sit, as a hen in order to hatch, or to cover her young. 2. Meditate long and anxiously; be engrossed in thought or study. BROOD (bred), a. 1. Inclined to sit; sitting. 2. Kept for breeding. Brooches. BROOK (brok), n. Small stream. [A. S. broc] BROOK (brok), vt. [pr.p. BROOKING; p.t. and p.p. BROOKED (brokt).] Bear; endure. [A. S. brucan, use, enjoy.] BROOKLET (brok'let), n. Little brook. BROOKLYN (brok'lin),n. Borough of New York City, on Long Island. BROOM (brom), n. 1. Wild evergreen shrub. 2. Brush with a long handle for sweeping floors, etc. [A. S. brom.] BROOMCORN (brom'karn), n. Variety of sor- ghum from the tufts of which brooms are made. BR003ISTICK (brom'stik), n. Handle of a broom. BROOMY (brom'i), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing broom. BROTH (brath), n. Water in which meat was boiled. [A. S., related to Ger. bruehe.] BROTHEL (broth'el), n. Disreputable house. [A. S. breothan, ruin.] BROTHER (bru#ft'er), n. [pi. BROTH'ERS (by blood); BRETH'REN (of a community); fern. SISTER.] 1. Male born of the same parents. 2. One closely united with or resembling an- other. 3. Fellow-creature; fellow-member. [A. S. brodhor.] BROTHERHOOD (brutfi'Cr-hod), n. 1. State of being a brother. 2. Association of men for any purpose. BROTHER-IN-LAW (brufft'er-in-la), n. Broth- er of a husband or wife; a sister's husband. BROTHERLY (bruJft'er-li), a. Like a brother; kind; affectionate. [A. S. brodhor.] BROWBEAT (brow'bet), vt. [pr.p. BROW- BEATING; p.t. BROWBEAT; p.p. BROW- BEATEN.] Bear down with stern looks or speech; bully. BROWN (brown), I. a. Of a dark or dusky color inclining to red or yellow. — Brown study, ab- sent-minded reverie. II. n. Dark-reddish color. [A. S. brun.] BROWN (brown), v. [pr.p. BBOWN'ING; p.t. and p.p. BROWNED (brownd).] I. vt. Make brown or dusky. II. vi. Become brown. BROWNIE (brown 'i), n. Kind of good-natured domestic spirit. [Sc] BROWNISH (brown'ish), a. Inclining to brown. BROWNNESS (brown'nes), n. Quality or state of being brown. BROWNSTONE (brown'ston), n. Sandstone of a brown color, used in building. BROWSE (browz), n. I. Growing buds and twigs of trees and shrubs, used for fodder. 2. Act of browsing. [O. Fr. broust, sprout.] BROWSE (browz), v. [pr.p. BROWSING; p.t. and p.p. BROWSED (browzd).] I. vt. 1. Feed upon, as browse; graze; nibble off. 2. Turn out to browse; pasture. II. vi. Feed on browse; graze. BRUIN (bro'in), n. Bear, so called from its brown color. [A. S. brun, brown.] BRUISE (broz), v. [pr.p. BRUISING; p.t. and fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BRUISE 181 BRYOZOA p.p. BRUISED (brozd).] I. vt. 1. Contuse; indent or discolor by the blow of something blunt and heavy. 2. Bray; pound; grind or crush into pieces. II. vi. Box; engage in a fistic encounter. [O. Fr. bruiser, break.] SYN. Contuse; break; crush; pound; bray; pulverize; triturate. ANT. Heal; assuage; compound; amalgamate. BRUISE (brfiz), n. Hurt with a blunt or heavy instrument; contusion. BRUISER (broz'er), n. 1. One who bruises; pugilist; ruffian. 2. Tool for grinding the specula of telescopes. BRUIT (brot), n. Something noised abroad; rumor; report. [Fr., noise.] BRUIT (brot), vt. [pr.p. BRUIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BRUIT'ED.] Noise abroad; report. BRUMAL (bro'mal), a. Belonging to winter. [Fr., from L. bruma, winter.] BRUNETTE (br8-net), n. Girl or woman of dark complexion, eyes and hair. [Fr.] BRUNHILD (brun'hild), n. Norse Myth. A valkyr, condemned to matrimony for offend- ing Odin. BRUNSWICK (brunz'wik), n. 1. State of Ger- man Empire. 2. Capital of same. BRUNT (brunt), n. Main heat or shock of an onset or contest; the force of a blow. [Re- lated to BURN.] BRUSH (brush), I. n. 1. Instrument for remov- ing dust or dirt, made of bristles, twigs, or feathers. 2. Kind of hair-pencil used by painters. 3. Brushwood. 4. Skirmish or encounter. 5. Tail of a fox. 6. Elec. Strip of metal, bundle of wire, or slit plate of metal, etc., that bears on the commutator cylinder of the dynamo, and carries off the current generated. [Fr. brosse.] BRUSH (brush), v. [pr.p. BRUSHING; p.t. and p.p. BRUSHED (brusht).] I. vt. 1. Remove, as dust by means of a brush. 2. Paint, deco- rate, or renovate with a brush. 3. Set in motion or move as a brush. 4. Touch lightly or quickly, as in passing. II. vi. 1. Move lightly. 2. Skim. BRUSHER (brush'er), n. One who uses a brush. BRUSHINESS (brush'i-nes), n. Quality of being brushy. BRUSH-LIGHTNING (brush'lit-ning), n. Slowly rising variegated lightning displaying great irregularity. BRUSH-WHEEL (brush'hwel), n. Mech. One of the wheels used in light machinery to turn another wheel by means of bristles or brushes fixed to its circumference. BRUSHWOOD (brush'wod), n. 1. A growth of rough, close bushes; thicket. 2. Small branches cut for firewood, etc. BRUSHY (brush'i), a. Resembling a brush; rough; shaggy. BRUSQUE (brusk), a. Blunt; abrupt in manner. [Fr.] BRUSQUENESS (brusk'nes), n. Abrupt or blunt manner. BRUSSELS (brus'elz), n. Capital of Belgium. Brussels-carpet (brus'eiz-kar'pet), n. Kind of carpet made originally at Brussels. It is composed of linen thread and worsted, the latter forming the pattern, and is distin- guished by a particular corded or ribbed ap- pearance of its surface. BRUSSELS-LACE (brus'elz-las), n. Gossamer lace made at Brussels, from a superior quality of flax peculiar to that locality. Brussels-sprouts (brus'eiz-sprowtz), n. Small sprouts or heads, each a perfect cabbage in miniature, springing from the stalks of a species of cabbage, originally from Brussels in Belgium. BRUTAL (bro'tal), a. 1. Sensual; coarse; unre- fined. 2. Cruel; inhuman; unfeeling; sav- age. SYN. Brutish; bestial; beastly; carnal; gross; fiendish; savage; ferocious; cruel; merciless; ruthless; barbarous; bloody; bloodthirsty. ANT. Self-controlled; re- fined; intelligent; civilized; humane. BRUTALITY (brti-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. BRUTAL'- ITIES.] 1. Quality of being brutal. 2. Brutal act. BRUTALIZATION (bro-tal-i-za'shun), n. Act of making brutal. BRUTALIZE (bro'tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. BRUTAL- IZING; p.t. and p.p. BRUTALIZED (bro'tal- izd).] 1. Make brutal. 2. Treat brutally. BRUTALLY (bro'tal-i), adv. In a brutal manner. BRUTE (brot), I. a. 1. Inanimate; unintelligent; unconscious. 2. Uncivilized; rude. 3. Ir- rational; bestial. II. n. 1. Irrational animal; beast. 2. Brutal person. 3. Low-bred, un- feeling man. [Fr. brut, from L. brutus, stu- pid.] BRUTIFY (br5'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. BRU'TIFYING; p.t. and p.p. BRUTIFIED (brd'ti-fld).] Make brutish or brutal. BRUTISH (bro'tish), a. Pertaining to or re- rembling brutes; brutal- BRUTISHLY (bro'tish-li), ad» In a brutish manner. BRUTISHNESS (bro'tish-nes), n. Quality of being brutish. BRUTISM (bro'tizm), n. Behavior characteristic of a brute. BRYOLOGY( bri-ol'o-ji), n. Branch of botany that treats of mosses. [Gr. bryon, moss, and suffix -LOGY.] BRYONIA (bri-o'ni-a), n. Bot. Genus of plants, the most interesting species of which is ~Bri- onia dioica, the red-berried bryony, or wild vine. [Gr. bryo, be full of, swell with.] BRYONY (bri'o-ni), n. [pi. BKY'ONIES.] Any plant of the genus Bryonia. BRYOZOA (bri-o-zo'a), n.pl. Zool. Class of animals, polyp-like in general appearance, but molluscan in structure. Also called Polyzoa. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BRYOZOAN 162 BUCKSKIN [Gr. bryon, moss (from bryo, swell with), and zdon, animal.] BRYOZOAN (bri-o-z6'an), I. a. Pertaining to the Bryozoa. II. n. Animal of the class Bryozoa. BUBBLE (bub'l), n. 1. Small vesicle of water or other liquid inflated with air or other gas. 2. Small cavity in cell filled with air, occurring in a liquid or solid substance. 3. Something unsubstantial; swindling project; fraudulent scheme. [Dut. bobbel.] BUBBLE (bub'l), v. [pr.p. BUB'BLING; p.t. and p.p. BUBBLED (bub'ld).] I. vt. 1. Form bub- bles in; cause to bubble. 2. Cause to make the sound heard in blowing bubbles. 3. Cheat; swindle. II. vi. 1. Rise in bubbles. 2. Make the gurgling noise produced by blowing bubbles. BUBBLY (bub'li), a. Full of bubbles. BUBO (bu'bo), n. [pi. BUBOES.] Pathol. Con- tagious inflammation of a lymph-gland. [Gr. boubon, grain.] BUBONIC (bu-bon'ik), a. Attended by buboes. BUBONIC-PLAGUE (bu-bon'ik-plag), n. Malig- nant contagious disease incident to Asiatic countries, and sometimes found in Europe. BUCCAL (buk'al), a. Anat. Pertaining to the cheek. [L. bucca, cheek.] BUCCANEER (buk-a-ner'), n. Pirate; espe- cially one of those quasi-pirates or free- booters who infested the coasts of the West Indies and Spanish America during the 17th and 18th centuries. [Fr. boucanier, from buc- can, a word of the Carib Indians, mean- ing a place for smoking meat.] BUCCINA (buk-si'na), n. [pi. BUCCI'NJE.] An- cient horn-trumpet, made from a shell. It was chiefly distinguished by the twisted form of the shell from which it was made. [L. buc- clnum, shell.] BUCCINAL (buk'si-naD, a. Like a trumpet, in shape or sound. BUCCINATOR (buk'si-na-tur), n. Anat. Chief muscle of each cheek, brought into play when blowing a trumpet. [BUCCINA.] BUCENTAUR (bu-sen'tar), n. Myth. Monster, half man and half ox. [Gr. bous, ox, and kentauros, centaur.] BUCHU (bu'ku), n. Name given to several species of South African plants of the rue order, recommended as antispasmodics and diuretics. BUCK (buk), n. 1. Male of the deer, goat, hare, and rabbit. 2. Dashing young fellow. 3. Adult male Indian ^ or negro. [A. S. bucca.] Buck (Fallow- deer). BUCK (buk), v. [pr.p. BUCK'- ING; p.t. and p.p. BUCKED (bukt).] I. vt. 1. Throw or unhorse by springing suddenly from the ground and coming down with a jolt, as a broncho does. 2. Mil. Punish by fastening one's limbs together in a helpless manner, by means of cord and a stick. II. vi. Spring suddenly from the ground and come down with a jolt, as a broncho in unseating a rider. BUCK (buk), n. Lye in which clothes are soaked in bleaching, or in which they are washed. [Celt, bnac, bleaching liquor.] BUCK (buk), vt. [pr.p. BUCKING; p.t. and p.p. BUCKED (buckt).] Soak or wash in lye. BUCK (buk), n. Sawbuck or sawhorse. BUCK-BASKET (buk'bas-ket), n. Clothes- basket. BUCKBEAN (buk'ben), «. Plant of the gentian order; marsh trefoil. BUCKBOARD (buk'bord), n. Four-wheeled vehicle having a long elastic board in place of body and springs. BUCKER (buk'er), n. Horse that bucks. BUCKET (buk'et), n. 1. Vessel for drawing or holding water. 2. Bucketful. 3. Float of a water-wheel; scoop of a dredging ma- chine; disk of a chain-pump, etc. [A. S. buc, jug.] BUCKETFUL (buk'et-fQl), n. As much of any- thing as will fill a bucket. BUCKET-SHOP (buk'et-shop), n. Place, other than that of a board of trade, where betting on prices of stocks, grain, etc., is carried on. BUCKET-WHEEL (buk'et-hwel), n. Wheel arranged with an endless chain to which buckets are attached for raising water, grain, etc. BUCKEYE (buk'i), n. Bot. Horse-chestnut tree of North America, of which there are several species, or its fruit; specifically JEsculus glabra. BUCKEYE (buk'i), n. Native of the state of Ohio, which is nicknamed the Buckeye State. BUCKINGHAM (buk'ing-am), n. City of Eng- land, in shire of same name. BUCKLE (buk'i), n. 1. Instrument for fastening dress, harness, straps, etc., consisting of a link of metal, with one or more tongues or catches. 2. Bend; bow; curl. [Fr. boucle.] BUCKLE (buk'i), v. [pr.p. BUCK'LING; p.t. and p.p. BUCKLED (buk'ld).] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a buckle. 2. Prepare for, enter upon, or engage in, vigorously, as buckle a task. 3. Bend; put out of shape; crinkle up. II. vi. 1. Apply one's self to work. 2. Get out of shape; bow; bend; warp. BUCKLER (buk'ler), n. 1. Shield with a central boss. 2. Pal. Anterior segment of the carapax or shell in trilobites. 3. Naut. Block of wood made to fit in the hawse-hole of a vessel. [Fr. bonder.] BUCKRAM (buk'ram), I. n. Coarse linen cloth stiffened. II. a. 1. Made of buckram. 2. Stiff; precise. [Etym. doubtful.] BUCKSHOT (buk'shot), n. Large lead shot used for hunting deer and other large game. BUCKSKIN (buk'skin), n. 1. Skin of a buck. 2. Soft leather made of it. fate, fat, task, fiir, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u In Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. BUCKTHORN 163 BUGLE catharticus) . [Gr. boukolikos, Buds. BuCKTHORN(buk'tharn), n. Bot. 1. English name of a genus of shrubs technically known as Rhamnus. 2. [b-] Any shrub of this genus. BUCKWHEAT (buk'hwet), n. Bot. Species of edible grain produced by the plant Fagopyrum esculer- turn. It is three-cornered like the beechnut, and a flour made from it is used for making griddle cakes. [A. S. boc, beech, and WHEAT.] BUCOLIC (b u - k o 1 ' i k ) , I. Buckthorn ( Rhamnus a. Agricultural; pas- toral. II. n. Pastoral poem, a herdsman.] BUD (bud), n. Bot. 1. Germ of future leaf or blossom. 2. Incipient shoot from a stem or branch. 3. Biol. Budlike protuberance, on polyps .and similar ani- mals, which ultimately develops into a complete animal. [Dut. hot, bud.] BUD (bud), v. [pr.p. BUD- DING; p.t. and p.p. BUD'- DED.] I. vi. 1. Put forth buds. 2. Begin to grow; germinate. II. vt. 1. Graft by inserting a bud. 2. Produce by budding. BUDAPEST (bo'da-pest), n. Capital of Hungary. BuDDHA (bo'da),n. 1. Hindu reformer, Prince Gautama Siddartha, whose real name was Sakyamuni, but who assumed the name of Buddha, "the enlightened one." 2. Incar- nation of the Supreme Mind. [Sans.] BUDGE (buj), v. [pr.p. BUDGING; p.t. and p.p. BUDGED (bujd).] I. vi. Move; stir. II. vt. Stir; move; shift. [Fr. bouger.] BUDGET (buj'et), n. 1. Little sack with its contents. 2. Annual statement of the finances of a government. [Fr.] BUDWEIS (bod' vis), n. City of Bohemia. BUENOS AyRES (bwa'nos i'rez), n. Capital of Argentina. BUFF (buf), n. 1. Leather made from the skin of the buffalo. 2. Light yellow color. 3. Military coat made of buff. 4. Yellow sub- stance formed on the surface of blood in some diseases. 5. Stick or wheel used for polishing. [Fr. bufile, buffalo.] BUFF (buf), vt. [pr.p. BUF'FING; p.t. and p.p. BUFFED (buft).] Polish, as with buff. BUFF (buf), vt. Resist and deaden, as by means of a buffer. BUFFALO (buf'a-16), n. City of New York State, on Lake Erie and Niagara River. BUFFALO buf'a-16), n. [pi. BUF'FALOES.] 1. Large kind of Old World ox, generally wild. 2. American bison. 3. Water-buffalo. [Sp. from Gr. boubalos, wild ox, from bous, ox.] Old World Buffalo (Bison bonasus). BUFFALO-ROBE (buf'a-16-rob), n. The skin of the buffalo dressed for use. BUFFER (buf'er), ». Device to break the force of a concussion. BUFFET (buf'et or bo-fa'), n. 1. Sideboard. 2. Public room for refreshments. [Fr.] BUFFET (buf'et), n. 1. Blow with the hand; cuff. 2. Blow of any kind; hardship; trial. [O. Fr. bufet, blow on the cheek.] BUFFET (buf'et), v. [pr.p. BUF'FETING; p.t. and p.p. BUFFETED.] I. vt. 1. Strike with the hand, especially on the cheek. 2. Strike or beat in contention; contend against. II. vi. 1. Box; contend; strike. 2. Make one's way by struggling or contention. BUFFOON (buf-fon), n. Clown. [Fr. bouffon — It. buff are, jest.] BUFFOONERY (buf-f6n'er-i), n. Ludicrous or vulgar jesting. BUFFY (buf'i), a. 1. Of the color of buff. 2. Pertaining to or like buff. BUG (bug), n. Term applied to various insects, especially those infesting houses and beds; bedbug; beetle. [Wei. bwg, hobgoblin.] BUGBEAR (bug'bar), BUGABOO (bug'a-bo), n. Frightful apparition, especially one which, being boldly confronted, vanishes away. BUGGY (bug'i), a. Infested with bugs. BUGGY (bug'i), n. [pi. BUG'GIES.] Single- seated four-wheeled vehicle, with or without a top, drawn by one or two horses. BUGLE (bu'gl), n. 1. Hunting-horn. 2. Horn for military signals. [O. Fr., L. buculus, from 60s. ox.] Bugle. BUGLE (bu'gl), n. Elongated glass bead, usually black. [A. S. bedg, neck ornament.] BUGLE (bu'gl), a. 1. Pertaining to or re- sembling bugles. 2. Consisting of bugles or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BUGLE 164 BULLDOZE elongated glass beads. 3. Adorned with bugles. BUGLE (bu'gl), n. Bot. 1. Plant of the mint family, the Licopus virginicus; also called bugle-weed. 2. British labiate plant. BUGLER (bu'gler), n. One who plays on or sounds the bugle. BUGLE-WEED (bu'gl-wed), n. See BUGLE. BUGLOSS (bu'glos), n. Bot. Plant commonly called oxtongue. BUHL (bul), n. Unburnished gold, brass or mother-of-pearl inlaid; furniture ornamented with such. [From Boule, the name of an Ital- ian wood-carver who introduced it into France in the time of Louis XIV.] BUHRSTONE (bur'ston), n. Same as BURR- STONE. BUILD (bild), v. [pr.p. BUILDING; p.t . and p.p. BUILT (biit), or BUILD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Erect (a structure) by the use of materials. 2. Con- struct or frame (a fabric of any kind). 3. Construct; raise; form; found. II. vi. 1. En- gage in the business of building. 2. Fabri- cate an edifice. 3. Depend or rely (on or up- on). [A. S. byldan.] SYN. Fabricate; construct; erect; raise; make; form; found; frame; establish. ANT. Demolish; raze; ruin; destroy; subvert. BUILD (bild), n. Form, style or mode of con- struction; figure. BUILDER (bild'er), n. One who builds. BUILDING (bild'ing), n. 1. Art of constructing edifices; business or profession of a builder. 2. Act of constructing or erecting. 3. That which is built; fabric; edifice; structure. BuHHAREST (bo-ka-resf), w. Capital of Ru- mania. BULB (bulb), n. 1. Bot. Shortened stem or branch, usually subterranean and of nearly spherical form, bearing on its surface a num- ber of fleshy scales, which are modified leaves. 2. Protuberance shaped more or less like a bulb. 3. Anat. Name given to different parts which resemble, in shape, certain bulbous roots. [L. bulbus, protuberance.] BULBAR (bulb'ar), a. Anat. Of or pertaining to the bulb of the spinal cord or medulla oblongata. BULBED (bulbd), a. Having a bulb. BULBIFEROUS (bulb-ifer-us), a. Bearing bulbs. BULBOUS (bulb'us), a. Having a bulb or bulbs; like a bulb. BULBUL (bul'bul), n. Asiatic singing-bird of the thrush family, especially the Persian nightingale, Pyconotus jocosus. [Pers., night- ingale.] BULBULE (bulb'ul), n. Bot. Young bulb spring- ing from an old one. BuLE (bu'la), n. National legislature of Greece, consisting of one house. BULGARIA (bul-ga'ri«a), n. Principality in the Balkan Peninsula, tributary to Turkey. Area 37,200 sq. m. Bulgarian (bui-ga'ri-an), I. a. Pertaining to Bul- garia. II. n. 1. Native of Bulgaria. 2. Bulgarian language (Slavonic). BULGE (bulj), n. 1. Bilge or widest part, as of a cask or ship. 2. Swelling. [A. S. belgan.] BULGE (bulj), v. [pr.p. BUL'GING; p.t. and p.p. BULGED (buljd).] I. vt. 1. p,^ F e rd inand, Cause to swell out or to be of Bulgaria. Born protuberant. 2. Cause to 1861. leak by staving in the bot- tom of, as a ship; bilge. II. vi. 1. Swell out; be protuberant. 2. Founder from a leak; bilge. BULGING (bul'jing), a. Protuberant. BULGY (bul'ji), a. Inclining to bulge; bowed; bandy. BULK (bulk), n. 1. Magnitude. 2. Greater part. 3. Whole cargo. [From BULGE.] SYN. Size; hugeness; dimensions; vol- ume; bigness; amplitude; largeness; bulki- ness; rnassiveness; majority; mass; body; gross. ANT. Tenuity; minority; portion; section; contraction; particle. BULKHEAD (bulk'hed), n. Partition separating one part of a ship between decks from another, BULKINESS (bulk'i-nes), n. Quality of being bulky. BULKY (bulk'i), a. [comp. BULKIER; superl. BULKIEST.] Having bulk; of great size. BULL (bol), n. [fern. COW.] 1. Male of a boA-ine animal. 2. Male of various other large ani- mals, the walrus, for instance. 3. Stock Ex. One who favors a rise in the price of stocks, grain, etc. 4. [B-] Astron. Constellation Taurus; sign of the constellation. [From the root of BELLOW.] BULL (boD, vt. [pr.p. BULLING; p.t. and p.p. BULLED (bold).] Endeavor to cause an ad- vance of, as prices in stocks, etc. BULL (bol), n. Edict of the Pope which has his seal affixed. [L. bulla, seal.] BULL (bol), n. Ludicrous blunder; gross in- consistency in speech. BULL-BAITING (bol'bat-ing), n. Old English sport, now prohibited, of setting dogs upon a bull to harass it. BULL-BRIER (bol'brl-cr), n. Bot. Species of large brier growing in many parts of North America. Called also bamboos-brier. BULL-CALF (bol'kaf), n. 1. Male calf. 2. Stupid fellow. BULLDOG (bol'dog), n. 1. Kind of dog of great courage and tenacious grip; formerly used for baiting bulls. 2. Short-barreled pistol. BULLDOZE (bpl'doz), vt. [pr.p. BULLDOZING; p.t. and p.p. BULLDOZED (boVdozd).] In- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u = w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh~ch in Scotch loch. BULLET 165 BUMPER timidate by menace; overawe by threats or show of force or violence. (Slang.) BULLET (bol'et), n. 1. Formerly, a small ball of lead, used as a projectile. 2. Any kind of projectile discharged from a rifle, pistol, or similar weapon. [Fr. boulei, dim. of boule, ball.] BULLETIN (bore-tin), n, 1. Report of a state of facts issued by authority. 2. Any placarded announcement. 3. Periodic publication, re- cording the proceedings of an association or society. [Fr.] BULLETIN (boi'e-tin), vt. [pr.p. BUL'LETIN- ING; p.t. and p.p. BULLETINED (bol'e-tind).] Announce by means of a bulletin. BULLETIN-BOARD (bol'e-tin-bord), n. Board on which bulletins are pasted, as that in a newsroom, whereon are posted the notices of latest intelligence. BULLET-PROOF (bol'et-prof), a. Capable of resisting a bullet. BULL-FIGHT (bol'fit), n. Spanish sport in which men fight in an arena with an excited bull. BULLFINCH ( b o 1 ' - finch), n. Pretty singing bird about the size of a sparrow, common in many parts of Europe. *, BULLFROG (bol'frog), n. Zool. Species of large North-Ameri- can frog, the Mana caterblana, which croaks with a deep bellowing sound. BULLHEAD (bol'hed), «. 1. Name given to several species of fishes having large heads. 2. Small black water-insect. 3. Stubborn per- son; one who is bullheaded. BULLHEABSD (bol'hed-ed), a. Having a head like a bull's; determined; perverse; stubborn; persistent in having one's own way, right or wrong. BULLION (bol'yun), n. 1. Uncoined gold or silver in the mass, or in bricks or bars. 2. Bullion-fringe. [O. Fr. bouillon, mass.] BULLION-FRINGE (bol'yun-frinj), n . Showy metal-covered fringe, that for epaulets being made of silk covered with fine gold or silver wire. BULLIONIST (bol'yun-ist), n. Advocate for a ■ metallic currency, or for the limitation of a paper one to an amount which renders it always convertible into gold. BULLIRAG (bol'i-rag), vt. [pr.p. BUL'LIEAG- GING; p.t. and p.p. BULLIRAGGED (bol'i- ragd).] Abuse grossly; badger. BULLOCK (bol'ok), w. Beef-ox. [A.S.] BULL-RING (bol'iing), n. Arena in which bull- fights take place. Bullfinch (Pyrrhula vulgaris). BULL KuN (boi run), n. River in Eastern Virginia. BULL'S-EYE (bolz'I), n. 1. Center of a target. 2. Small circular window or opening. 3. Naut. Thick round glass let into a ship's ports or deck to admit light. 4. Dark lantern, having a glass reflector, opening and closing at pleasure. 5, Small cloud with a reddish center wbich in tropical latitudes is regarded as portending a storm. BULL'S-NOSE (boiz'noz), n. Arch. External angle of a polygon, or of two lines which meet at an obtuse angle. BULL-TERRIER (bol'ter-i-er), n. Cross-breed between the bulldog and the terrier. BULLY (bol'i), a. [comp, BUL'LIEB; stiperl. BUL'LIEST.] 1. Splendid; capital; first-rate. 2. Quarrelsome; blustering. BULLY (bol'i), n. [pi. BUL'LIES.] Blustering fellow; noisy, insolent man, who habitually seeks to overbear by threats or bluster. BULLY (bol'i), v. [pr.p. BULLYING; p.t. and p.p. BULLIED (bol'id).] I. vt. Overbear with blustering menaces. II. vi. Act the part of a bul^; be noisy and quarrelsome. BULRUSH (boi'rush), n. Large strong rush, which grows on wet ground. BULWARK (bol'wark), n. Fortification; ram- part. [From roots of BOLE and WORK.] BUM (bum), n. 1. Worthless loafer; bummer. 2. Carouse; spree. BUM (bum), v. [pr.p. BUM 'MING; p.t. and p.p. BUMMED (bumd).] I. vt. Make hum, as a top. II. vi. 1. Make a humming noise, as a bee. 2. Carouse. BUMBAILIFF (bum'bal-if), n. In England, an under-bailiff or deputy sheriff. BUMBLEBEE (bum'bl-be), n. Large bee of the genus Bomous, of which there are numerous species, the Bomhus terrestris, or common bumblebee, being the best known. [O. Dut. bommelen, buzz or hum, and BEE.] BUMBOAT (bum'bot), n. 1. Supply-boat, espe- cially one which attends a ship to supply the sailors with articles of provisions, liquors, etc. 2. Clumsy boat that plies near shore and fur- nishes refreshments to those who choose to buy. BUMKIN (bum'kin), n. Naui. 1. Short boom standing from each bow. 2. Small outrigger over the stern of a boat. [BOOM and -KIN.] BUMMER (bum'er), n. 1. Plundering camp- follower. 2. Dissipated loafer. BUMP (bump), n. 1. Dull, heavy blow; thump. 2. Swelling or protuberance produced by a blow. 3, Phren. Protuberance on the cra- nium, presumed to indicate mental or moral qualities. [Imitative.] BUMP (bump), vt. [pr.p. BUMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUMPED (burnt).] Strike forcibly against anything solid; thump. BUMPER (bump'er), n. That which bumps or causes a bump; buffer. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; n=u in bcotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BUMPER 166 BUN TON BUMPER (bump'er), n. Cup or glass filled to the brim. [Fr. bombard.] BUMPKIN (bum'kln), n. Awkward rustic. [Dut. boom, log, and dim. ken.] BUMPTIOUS (bump'shus), a. Self-conceited; offensively forward. (Colloq.) BUMPTIOUSNESS (bump'shus-nes), n. Quality of being bumptious. BUN, BUNN (bun), n. Kind of small sweet cake. [Sc] BUNCH (bunch), n. 1. Number of things tied together. 2. Tuft or little bundle of things fastened in a knot or bow. 3. Cluster of several things of the same kind growing together. 4. Lump; protuberance. [Ice. bunki.] BUNCH (bunch), v. [pr.p. BUNCHING; p.t. and p.p. BUNCHED (buncht).] I. vt. Form or fasten in a bunch. II. vi. Swell out in a bunch or protuberance. BUNCHINESS (bunch'i-nes), n. Quality of being bunchy. BUNCHY (bunch'i), a. 1. Forming a cluster or bunch. 2. Having tufts. 3. Swelling; humpy. BUNCO, BUNKO (bung'ko), n. Confidence game whereby strangers are swindled or robbed. — Bunco steerer, decoyer for a bunco game; capper. [Sp. banco, bank.] BUNCO, BUNKO (bung'ko), vt. [pr.p. BUN'- COING; p.i. and p.p. BUNCOED (bung'kod).] Swindle or rob by means of the game of bunco. BUNCOMBE, BUNKUM (bung'kum), n. Bom- bastic talk, made merely for the purpose of conciliating popular favor, or gaining public applause. [Buncombe county, in N. Carolina, from a remark made by a representative in Congress from that county that he was "talk- ing only for Buncombe."] BUND (bund), n. 1. Confederation; league. [Ger.] 2. Term given to roads and embank- ments on the water fronts in India and China. [Hind, band, dam.] BUNDESRAT, BuNDESRATH (bon'des-rat), n. Federal council of the German Empire, or that of Switzerland. [Gr. bund, confedera- tion, and rat, rath, council.] BUNDLE (bun'dl), n. 1. Number of things bound together. 2. Package; parcel; roll. 3. Group or collection. [A. S. byndel; from bindan, bind up.] BUNDLE (bun'dl), v. [pr.p. BUN'DLING; p.t. and p.p. BUNDLED (bun'dld).] I. vt. Tie in a bundle. 2. Pack off unceremoniously. II. vi. Depart hurriedly or confusedly. BUNG (bung), n. 1. Stop- per of the hole in a barrel or cask. 2. The hole itself; bung-hole. BUNGALOW (bung'ga-16), n. Tent-like, single-storied cottage with verandas, originated in Bengal, India. BUNG-HOLE (bung'h61), n. through which it is filled, and which Is then stopped up with a bung. BUNGLE (bung'gl), v. [pr.p. BUN'GLING; p.t. and p.p. BUNGLED (bung'gld).] I. vt. Per- form or manage clumsily or awkwardly; botch. II. vi. Act clumsily; blunder. [Etym. doubt- ful, probably from Sw. bangla, perform In- effectually.] BUNGLE (bung'gl), n. Clumsy, awkward per- formance; bungled piece of work; botch. BUNGLER (bung'gler), n. One who bungles; botcher. BUNGLESOME (bung'gl-sum), a. Clumsy; botchy. BUNGLING (bung'gling), a. Clumsy; awkward. BUNGLINGLY (bung'gling-li), adv. In a bun- gling manner; clumsily; awkwardly. BUNION (bun'yun), n. Inflamed swelling on the ball joint of the great toe. [O. Fr. bunge, swelling.] BUNK (bungk), n. 1. Wooden case used for a seat during the day, and for a bed at night. 2. One of a series of berths arranged in vertical tiers. [Sw. bunke, coop.] BUNK (bungk), vi. [pr.p. BUNKING; p.t. and p.p. BUNKED (bungkt).] Sleep in or occupy a bed or bunk. BUNKER (bung'ker), n. 1. Large bin or recep- tacle for anything, as for coal on a ship. 2. Golf. Obstacle. [BUNK.] Bunker Hill (bung'ker hii), n. hiii in Charlestown, near Boston, Mass. BUNKO (bung'ko), v. and n. Same as BUNCO. BUNKUM (bung'kum), n. Same as BUN- COMBE. BUNN (bun), n. Same as BUN. BUNNY (bun'l), n. [pi. BUN'NIES.] Familiar name for a rabbit. [Gael, bun, stump.] BUNT (bunt), n. Naut. Middle perpendicular portion of a sail. [Sw. bunt, bundle.] BUNT (bunt), vi. [pr.p. BUNT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUNTED.] Naut. Swell out, as a sail. BUNT (bunt), n. Fungus which attacks the grains of wheat, filling them with a black powder having a most disagreeable odor. [Etym. doubtful.] BUNT (bunt), n. A push or shove; butt. BUNT (bunt), v. [pr.p. BUNT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUNTED.] I. vt. Push against with the head; butt. II. vi. Push or shove. [Cor- rup. of BUTT.] BUNTING (bun'ting), n. 1. Thin woolen stuff of which flags are made. 2. Flags collec- tively; national colors. [Ger. bunt, party- colored.] BUNTING (bun'ting), n. One of various finch- like birds of the same group, distinguished by their sharp conical bills. [Ger. bunt, party- colored.] BUNTLINE (bunt'lin), n. Naut. Rope used for gathering up the center part of a square sail. [BUNT and LINE.] BUN YON, n. Same as BUNION. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. BUOY 167 BURGUNDY BUOY (boi), n. Floating body, formed of wood or hollow metal, moor- ed over a rock or shoal to warn navigators of danger. [See BELL" BUOY, BREECHES- BUOY, LIFE-BUOY, and WHISTLING- BUOY.] [Dut. boei, fetter, buoy.] BUOY (boi), vt. [pr.p.^, BUOY'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUOYED (boid).] 1. Mark with a buoy, or with buoys. 2. Keep from sinking; bear up; support; sustain. BUOYAGE (boi'aj), n. 1. Act of providing buoys. 2. Buoys tak- en collectively; set of buoys for service of a harbor. Buo ? BUOYANCY (boi'an-si), n. 1. Quality of being buoyant. 2. Specific lightness. 3. Elastic- ity of spirit; vivacity; cheerfulness. BUOYANT (boi'ant), a. 1. Having a tendency to float; floating; light. 2. Cheerful; sprightly. BUOYANTLY (boi'ant-li), adv. In a buoyant manner. BUR, BURR (bur), n. Prickly seed-case, as of the chestnut, burdock, etc. [Dan. borre.] BURBOT (bur'bot), n. Fresh-water fish of the cod family, with a beard on its lower jaw (Lota maculosa). [Fr. barbote — L. barba, beard.] BURDEN (bur'dn), n. 1. Something borne or carried; load. 2. Anything that is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive to bear. 3. Quan- tity that a ship will carry; cargo. [A. S. byrthen, load; from beran, bear.] BURDEN (bur'dn), vt. [pr.p. BURDENING; p.t. and p.p. BURDENED (bur'dnd).] 1. Lay a heavy load upon; encumber. 2. Overtax or oppress with labor, care, or responsibility. BURDEN (bur'dn), n. 1. Part of a song repeated at the end of every stanza; refrain. 2. That which is often repeated, or on which one dwells. [L. L. burdo, drone.] BURDENSOME (biir'dn- sum), a. Heavy; cumber- some; oppressive; grievous. BURDOCK (bur'dok), n. Common wild plant or weed, having large, coarse, heart-shaped leaves, and purplish flowers which ripen into globular burs. [BUR and DOCK.] BUREAU (bu'rS), n. [pi. BU'REAUS or BUREAUX (bu'roz) ] 1. Chest of drawers. 2. Bspartnient for the transacting of public business- 3, Originally, thick, coarse Burdock (Arctium lappa). woolen cloth, or drugget; hence a writing table covered with this material, with drawers for papers. [Fr.] BUREAUCRACY (bu-ro'kra-si), n. [pi. BU- KEAU'CKACIES.] 1. Government by admin- istration bureaus. 2. Officials of such a government collectively. BUREAUCRAT (bu'ro-krat), n. Advocate of bureaucracy. BUREAUCRATIC (bu~ro-krat'ik), a. Pertaining to bureaucracy. BURETTE (bu-ref), n. Chem. Graduated ves- sel for dividing a given portion of any liquid into 100 or 1,000 equal parts. [Fr.] BUR-FISH (bur'flsh), n. Variety of swell-fish which distends itself into the form of a chest- nut bur, found on the Atlantic coast of North America. BURG (burg), n. Borough. [A. S.] BURGANET (buig'a-net), n. Same as BUBG- ONET. BURGEOIS (bur-jois'), n. Same as BOURGEOIS. BURGESS (bur'jes), BURGHER (bilrg'er), «. 1. Inhabitant of a borough. 2. Citizen or freeman. 3. Magistrate of certain towns. BURGH (burg), n. Corporate town or borough. [Scottish form of BOROUGH.] BURGHER (burg'er), n. Inhabitants of a burgh or borough. BURGLAR (burg'lar), n. One who breaks into a house by night with intent to commit a fel- ony; one guilty of the crime of burglary. [O. Fr. borg, borough, and laire, thief.] BURGLARIOUS (burg-la'ri-us), a. Pertaining to burglary; involving the crime of burglary. BURGLARIOUSLY (burg-la/ri-us-li), adv. In a burglarious manner. BURGLARIZE (burg'lar-Iz), vt, [pr.p. BURG- LARIZING; p.t. and p.p. BURGLARIZED (burg'lar-izd).J Burglariously enter; com- mit burglary in. (Colloq.) BURGLARY (burg'lar-i), n. [pi. BURGLAR- IES.] 1. Common Law . Breaking into a house by night, with intent to commit felony. 2. Housebreaking, whether committed at night or in the daytime. BURGOMASTER (biirg'o-mast-er), n. Chief magistrate of a German or a Dutch town. BURGONET (bfirg'o-net), n. Helmet or steel cap worn by soldiers in 16th century. So called because the Burgundians were the first to wear it. BURGOO (bur'go), n. 1. Soup of meat and vege- tables highly seasoned, popular in Kentucky, served at barbecues. 2. Barbecue; out-door feast. 3. Oatmeal seasoned with salt, butter and sugar. [Etym. doubtful.] BURGRAVE (biir'grav), n. In Germany, an hereditary governor of a town or castle; also called burggrave. [Ger. burggraf.] BURGUNDY (bur'gun-di), w. French wine, so called from Burgundy, district where it is made. fate, fat, task, far, I, fire, rsbove: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X~u, in "Scotch jfude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BURGUNDY-PITCH 168 BURSA BURGUND T-PITCH (bur'gun-di-pich), n. Res- in obtained from the white pine, used in the compositions of plasters. BURIAL (ber'i-al), n. Act of placing a dead body in a grave. [See BURY.] BURIAL-GROUND (ber'i-al-grownd), n. Ceme- tery. BURIER (ber'i-er), n. One who buries. BURIN (bu'rln), n. 1. Tool for engraving; graver. 2. Cutting tool used by a marble- worker. 3. Engraver's style of work. [Fr.] BURKE (burk), vt. [pr.p. BURKING; p.t. and p.p. BURKED (biirkt).] 1. Murder, espe- cially by suffocation, for the purpose of selling the body for dissection. 2. Smother quietly, and get rid of. [From Burke, who in 1828 committed such murders in Edinburgh, and sold the bodies to the doctors.] BURL (burl), n. 1. Small knot or lump in thread or cloth. 2. Knot in a tree. [Fr. bourre, flock of wool.] BURL (burl), vt. [pr.p. BURL'ING; p.t. and p.p. BURLED (burld).] Pick burls from. BURLAP (bur'lap), n. Coarse fabric of Jute, flax, manila, or hemp, used for bags, wall coverings, etc. BURLER (burl'er), n. One who dresses cloth; one who picks burls from cloth. BURLESQUE (bur-lesk'), n. 1. Ludicrous representation; caricature. 2. Composition in which the contrast between the subject and the manner of considering it renders it ludicrous. [Fr., from It. burlesco, jest.] SYN. Parody; farce; caricature; travesty; mimicry; satire; irony; humor; buffoonery. ANT. Tragedy; panegyric; requiem. BURLESQUE (bur-lesk'), a. Tending to excite laughter by burlesque; ludicrous. BURLESQUE (bur-lesk'), vt. [pr.p. BURLES- QUING; p.t. and p.p. BURLESQUED (biir- leskt').] Turn to ridicule; parody; travesty; caricature. BURLESQUER (bur-lesk'er), n. One who bur- lesques. BURLETTA (bur-let'a), n. Musical farce. [It.] BURLINESS (bur'li-nes), n. Stockiness. BURLY (bur'li), a. Stocky; bulky. BURMA (bur'ma), w. Province of British India. Area 236,738 sq. m. Burmese (bur-meV), i. a. Of or pertaining to Burma, in Farther India, or its lan- guage. II. n. Native of Burma, or the language of Burma. BURN (burn), v. [pr.p. BURNING; p.U and p.p. BURNT or BURNED (burnd).] I. vt. 1. Con- sume or injure by fire. 2. Subject to the action of fire. 3. Bake dry or harden, by means of Are. 4. Sunburn. 5. Surg. Cauterize. 6. Chem. Combine withoxygen. 7. Calcine. II. vi. 1. Be on fire. 2. Feel excess of heat. 3. Be inflamed with passion. 4. Act as fire; rage. BURN (burn), n. 1. Injury or hurt caused by fire. 2. Operation of burning, as in brick- making. BURNABLE (burn'a-bl), a. That may be burned. BURNER (burn'er), n. 1. One who burns any- thing. 2. Part of a lamp or gas jet from which the flame arises. BURNING (burn'ing), a. 1. Much heated. 2. Flaming. 3. Scorching. 4. Fiery; vehement. 5. Glaring; as, a burning shame. BURNING (burn'ing), n. 1. State or condition of being consumed by fire. 2. State of in- flammation. BURNING-GLASS (burn'ing-glas), n. Convex lens of large size and short focus, used for causing intense heat by concentrating the sun's rays on a very small area. BURNISH (burn'ish), v. [pr.p. BURN'ISHING; p.t. and p.p. BURNISHED (burn'isht).] I. vt. Render smooth, bright, and glossy; polish by rubbing. II. vi. Grow bright or glossy. [Fr. brunir, make brown.] BURNISH (burn'ish), n. Gloss; polish; luster. BURNISHER (burn'ish-er), n. 1. One who burnishes. 2. Tool used in polishing. BURNOOSE (burn'os), n. Loose mantle worn by the Arabs. [Fr. burnous; from Arab. burnus.] BURR (bur), n. 1. Roughness left on metal by a cutting tool, such as a graver or turning chisel. 2. Fluted reaming tool. 3. Dentist's drill having a serrated or file-cut head. 4. Triangular chisel. 5. Lobe or lap of the ear. 6. Round knob of a horn next a deer's head. [See BUR.] BURR (bur), v. [pr.p. BUR'RING; p.t. and p.p. BURRED (burd).] I. vt. Pronounce with a guttural sound in which r is prominent. II. vi. Make a guttural sound in which r is promi- nent. [Imitated from the sound.] BURR (bur), n. 1. Rough guttural pronuncia- tion in which r is unduly prominent. 2. Whirring or buzzing sound. BURRO (bur'6),n. Small Mexican donkey. [Sp.] BURROW (bur'6), n. Hole in the ground dug by certain animals for shelter or defense. [A. S. beorh.] BURROW (bur'6), vi. [pr.p. BUR'ROWING; p.«. and p.p. BURROWED (bur'od).] 1. Exca- vate a burrow. 2. Work a way underground. 3. Lodge or lurk in any deep concealed place. BURROW (bur'6), n. Barrow or mound. [A. S. beorg, hill.] BURRO WER (bur'6-er), n. One who or that which burrows. BURRSTONE, BUHRSTONE (bur'ston), n. Silicious stone, much used for millstones. [BURR and STONE.] BURKY (bur'i), a. Having, or resembling burs. BURSA (bur'sa), n. [pi. BUR'S^E.] Anal. Cavity fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch, BURSAR 169 BUST Same as BURDEN. (bur'tun-on-trent), Interposed between surfaces which move on each other, as between the integument and front of the knee«=cap, containing fluid. [L.] BURSAR (biir'sar), n. 1. Treasurer or purser. 2. In Scottish universities a student who holds a beneficiary scholarship. [L. bursa, purse.] BURSARY (bur'sa-ri), n. 1. Treasury of a college or monastery. 2. Endowment given to a student in a university. [Sc] BURSE (burs), n. 1. Bursary. 2. Exchange. [Fr. bourse.'] BURST (burst), v. [pr.p. BURSTING; p.t. and p.p. BURST.] I. vt. Break or rend open with violence. II. vi. 1. Break or fly open sud- denly and with violence. 2. Be violently disrupted; explode. 3. Break or rush forth suddenly or with violence. [A. S. berstan ] BURST (burst), n. 1. Sudden breaking forth. 2. Sudden explosion or shooting forth. 3. Rup- ture ; rent. BURSTER (burst'er), n. One who or that which bursts. BURTHEN (hur'thn), n. Burton-on-Tremt Town in England, on the Trent river. BURY (ber'i), vi. [pr.p. BURYING; p.t. and p.p. BURIED (ber'id).] 1. Inter; deposit in a grave or tomb. 2. Cover with earth; embed; hide. 3. Place (one's self) in retirement. 4. Put out of sight; forget and forgive. — Bury the hatchet, forget injuries and make peace. [A. S. byrgan.] BURYING-GROUND (ber 'i-ing-gro wnd), n. Cemetery; graveyard. BUS (bus), n. Omnibus. (Colloq.) BUS-BAR (bus'bar), n. Elec. Rod or bar of conducting metal, used in electric-power stations to receive the current from all the generators. BUSBY (buz'bi), n. [pi. BUS'BIES.] Tall mili- tary bear-skin cap, worn by British hussars and artillerymen. BUSH (bosh), n. 1. Shrub with numerous and close-set branches. 2. Thicket; place overrun with shrubs. 3. Anything like a bush; tail of a fox. [Ger. busch.] BUSH (bosh), v. [pr.p. BUSH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUSHED (bosht).] I. vi. Prop up with bushes. II. vi. Grow thick or bushy. BUSH (bosh), n. Mech. 1. Circle or hollow cylin- der of metal which lines the box, or hollow, of the nave of a wheel in which the axle works. 2. Any similar lining for a bearing-socket. [Dut. bus, box.] BUSH (bosh), vi. [pr.p. BUSH'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUSHED (bosht).] Furnish with a bush or metal lining, as an axle-bearing. BUSHEL, (bosh'el), n. Dry measure, containing generally 8 gallons or 4 pecks. United States standard (Winchester) bushel, 18§ inches in diameter and 8 inches deep, contains 2,150.42 cubic inches. [O. Fr. boissel, small barrel.] BUSHEL (bosh'el), n. 1. In England, the bush in the nave of a wheel. 2. In the U. S., a tailor's thimble. BUSHELAGE (bosh'el-aj), n. Mode of levying duties and taxes by bushel measurement. BUSHELMAN (bosh'el-man), n. One who re- pairs garments for tailors. BUSHINESS (bosh'i-nes), n. Quality of being bushy. BUSHING (bosh'ing), n. 1. Bush; metal lining for nave of a wheel, etc. 2. Operation of fitting a lining of metal in an orifice in which an axis or journal turns. Bushman (bosh'man), «. [fern. BUSK'WOMAN.] 1. One of a native race in South Africa. 2. [b-] Back- woodsman. BUSHRANGER (bosh'ran- jer), n. In Australia, a lawless person, often an escaped criminal who takes to the bush and lives by robbery. BUSHWHACKER (bosh'- hwak-er), n. 1. Back- woodsman; bushranger. 2. Guerrilla. BUSHWHACKING (bosh'hwak-ing), n. 1. Kind of warfare by sharpshooters from behind the bushes; guerrilla warfare. 2. Trailing through woods and streams. BUSHY (bosh'i), a. Full of bushes; thick and spreading. BUSILY (biz'i-li), adv. In a busy manner. BUSINESS (biz'nes), n. 1. Employment; trade; occupation. 2. Affairs; affair. SYN. Avocation; matters; engagement; industry; calling; profession; vocation; pursuit; function; office; duty; concern; transaction. ANT. Idleness; indolence; lazi- ness; vacation; pleasure; play. BUSIRIS (bu-si'ris), n. Greek Myth. Son of Neptune; king of Egypt; he killed all foreign visitors to Egypt; slain by Hercules. BUSK (busk), n. Piece of steel, whalebone, etc., to strengthen a woman's stays in front; corset. [Fr. busc] BUSK (busk), vt. [pr.p. BUSK'ING; p.t. and p.p. Bushwoman. dress. [Ice. BUSKED (buskt).] Prepare; buash, prepare one's self.] BUSKIN (bus'kin), n. Boot worn in ancient times by actors of tragedy, hence the tragic drama. [O. Dut. brosekln, kind of bootee.] BUSKINED (bus'kind), a. Wearing the buskins; tragic. BUSS (bus), v. [pr.p. BUS'SING; p.t. and p.p. BUSSED (bust).] I. vt. Give a smacking kiss to. II. vi. Kiss. [O. Ger. bussen, kiss.] BUSS (bus), n. Smacking kiss. BUST (bust), n. 1. Human body from the head to the waist. 2. Sculpture representing the upper part of the body. [Fr. buste.] Buskin. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u-t* in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. BUSTARD 170 BUTTERNUT BUSTARD (bus'tard), ». Zool. Bird of the genus Otis. The great bustard (Otis tarda), is a European bird, and the little bustard ( Otis tetrax), inhabits Southern Europe and Africa. [Fr. bistard; from L. avis tarda, slow bird.] Bustard (Otis tarda). BUSTLE (bus'l), v. [pr.p. BUSTLING; p.t. and p.p. BUSTLED (bus'ld).] I. vt. Push about; jostle. II. vi. Stir about actively. [A. S. bysgian, be busy.] BUSTLE (bus'l), n. Great stir; hurry; tumult. BUSTLE (bus'l), n. Pad or frame, sometimes worn by women beneath their dress to expand their skirts behind. [Fr. bcsse, hump,] BUSTLER (bus'ler), n. One who stirs about actively; hustler. BUST (biz'i), vt. [pr.p. BUS'YING; p.t. and p.p. BUSIED (biz'id).] Make or keep busy; engage; interest. [A. S. bysgian; from bysig, active.] BUST (biz'i), a. 1. Occupied; with much work to be done. 2. Actively employed. 3. Bustling; active; diligent; industrious. 4. Engaged for the time being; not at leisure. 5. 6. Meddling; officious. [A. S. bysig.] SYN. Diligent; industrious; assiduous; engrossed; occupied; engaged; plodding; restless; alert; officious; strenuous; trou- blesome; pragmatical. ANT. Idle; un- employed; inactive; lazy; indolent; sluggish. BUSYBODY (biz'i-bod-i), n. One busy about others' affairs; meddling person. BUT (but), I. prep. Except; barring. II. conj. 1. Except; except that. 2. Yet. 3. On the other hand. 4. Moreover; besides. III. adv. Only; simply. [A. S. buian, without.] BUTCHER (boch'er), I. n. 1. One whose busi- ness it is to slaughter animals for food, or who sells meat. 2. One who delights in bloody deeds. 3. Bungler; botcher. [Fr. boucher; from bouc, buck.] BUTCHER (boch'er), vt. [pr.p. BUTCH'ERING; p.t. and p.p. BUTCHERED (boch'Srd).] 1. Slaughter, as an animal for food. 2. Put to a bloody death; kill cruelly. 3. Bungle; botch. BUTCHER-BIRD (bpch'er-berd), n. The shrike. BUTCHERING (bpch'er-ing), n. Trade of a butcher. BUTCHER-KNIFE (boch'er-nif), n. Carving- knife. BUTCHERLY (boch'er-li), I. adv. In the man- ner of a butcher. II. c. Pertaining to a butcher. BUTCHERY (boeh'er-i), n. [pi. BUTCH'ERIES.] 1. Murder of unusual barbarity. 2, Great slaughter, with cruelty; carnage. BUTLER (but'ler), n. Servant who has charge of liquors, plate, etc. [Fr. bouteillier; from bouteille, bottle.] BUTLERY (but'ler-i), n. [pi. BUT'LERTES.] Butler's pantry; larder. BUTMENT (but'ment), n. Abutment. BUTT (but), n. 1. Thick and heavy end of any- thing. 2. Mark to be shot at. 3. Object of ridicule. 4. Limit. 5. Push or thrust given by the head of an animal. 6. Mound of earth placed to receive the projectile in practice with firearms. 7. Metallic ring at the end of the hose of a fire-engine. 8. Heavy door- hinge. [Fr. but, mark.] BUTT (but), v. [pr.p. BUTT'ING; p.t. and p.p. BUTT'ED.] I. vt. Strike with the head, as a ram. II. vi. 1. Perform the act of butting. 2. Jut; abut. BUTT (but), n. Large cask; wine butt=12Q gallons; beer and sherry butt=108 gallons. [Fr. botte, a vessel of leather.] BUTTE (but), n. City in Rocky Mountain region of S. W. Montana. BUTTE (but), n. Detached hill or ridge. [Fr.] BUTTER (but'er), n. Substance obtained from cream by churning. [A. S. btitere; from L. buiyrum.] BUTTER (but'er), vt. [pr.p. BUT'TERING; p.t. and p.p. BUTTERED (but'erd).] Spread over with butter. BUTTER (but'er), ». One who or that which butts. BUTTERCUP (but'er-kup), n. 1. Plant of the crow-foot genus, with a cup-like flower of a golden yellow, like butter. 2. Flower of the plant. BUTTERFLY (buf- er-fii),w. [pi. BUT'- TERFLIES.] Well- known winged in- sect, including, many species of great beauty, so called, perhaps, from one of the species being of the color of butter. BUTTERINE (but'er-en or but'er-in), cial butter; oleomargarine. BUTTERIS (but'er-is), n. Knife for paring a horse's hoof. BUTTERMILK (but'er-milk), n. Milk that re- mains after the churning. BUTTERNUT (but'er-nut), n. Edible nut of an American tree of the walnut family. White Butterfly (Pieris Brassicce), caterpillar, and chrysalis. Artifl- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, W,en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. BUTTERSCOTCH 171 BYZANTIUM BUTTERSCOTCH (but'er-skoch), n. Kind of taffy, made of sugar and butter. BUTTERY (but'er-i), a. 1. Having the appear- ance or qualities of butter. 2. Not grasping firmly. BUTTERY (but'er-i), n. [pi. BUT'TERIES.] 1. Room in which butter, milk, etc., are kept; pantry. 2. In England, a storeroom for pro- visions and liquors; in some colleges, a re- freshment-room for the students. BUTT-HINGE (but'hinj), n. Carp. Hinge formed of two plates and interlocking pro- jecting pieces which are connected by a pintle. BUTT-JOINT (but'joint), n. Carp. Joint in which the pieces come square against each other endwise. BUTTOCK (but'ok),w. 1. Rump; seat. 2. Upper rear outline of ship's hull. [From BUTT, end.] BUTTON (but'n), n. 1. Knob of metal, bone, etc., used to fasten the dress. 2. Knob at the end of a foil. 3. Any small knob or pro- tuberance. [Fr. bouton.] BUTTON (but'n), v. [pr.p. BUT'TONING; p.t. and p.p. BUTTONED (but'nd).] I. vt. 1. Fasten with buttons, or with a button. 2. Furnish with buttons. II. vi. Admit of being fastened by buttons. BUTTONER (but'n-er), n. 1. One who buttons. 2. Button-hook. BUTTONHOLE (but'n-hol), n. Hole or loop to admit a button. BUTTONHOLE (but'n-hol), vt. [pr.p. BUTTON- HOLING; p.t. and p.p. BUTTONHOLED (buf- n-hold).] Take aside and endeavor to influ- ence; take by the buttonhole. BUTTON-HOOK (but'n-hok), w. Hook for grasping a button below the head, in order to draw it through the buttonhole and fasten it; used principally for shoes and gloves. BUTTONWOOD (but'n-wod), n. 1. Sycamore, or American plane-tree. 2. Evergreen shrub of the West Indies. BUTTRESS (but'res), n. 1. Projecting support of a wall, built on the outside. 2. Any prop or support. [O. Fr. bretesche, battlement.] BUTTRESS (but'res), vt. [pr.p. BUT'TRESSING; p.t. and p.p. BUTTRESSED(but'rest).] Sup- port by a buttress; prop. BUTYRACEOUS (but-i-ra'- shus), a. 1. Having the quali- ties of butter; buttery. 2. Yielding butter. [L. butyrum, butter, and -ACEOUS.] BUT YR ATE (but'ir-at), n. Salt of butyric acid. BUTYRIC (bu-tir'ik), a. Re- lating to or derived from butter. — Butyric acid, colorless acid liquid, with a rancid smell, obtained from butter. BUTYROUS (but'i-rus), a. Same as BUTYRA- CEOUS. BUXOM (buks'um), a. 1. Having or showing Buttress. fullness of health and spirit, with liveliness; vigorous; healthy; jolly; plump; comely. 2. Originally, obedient or obsequious. [A. S. bugan, bend, bow.] BUY (bi), v. [pr.p. BUY'ING; p.t. and p.p. BOUGHT (bat).] I. vt. 1. Acquire by paying, or promising to pay, an agreed-upon price; purchase. 2. Acquire for some consideration (any real or imagined advantage). 3. Gain over by undue means; bribe. II. vi. Make a purchase or purchases; engage in the act or business of buying. [A. S. byagan.] BUYABLE (bi'a-bl), a. Capable of being bought. BUYER (bi'er), n. .1. One who buys or makes a purchase or purchases. 2. One who en- gages in the business of buying; purchasing agent. BUZZ (buz), v. [pr.p. BUZ'ZING; p.t. and p.p. BUZZED (buzd).] I. vt. 1. Utter or express with a droning sound. 2. Whisper; spread abroad, as a report, by whispers. II. vi. Make a droning sound, like a bee or fly; whis- per. [Imitative.] BUZZ (buz), n. 1. Noise of or as of bees or flies. 2. Whispered report. BUZZARD (buz'ard), n. Bird of prey of the falcon family. [Fr. busard.] BUZZARD'S (buz'ardz) Bay. Inlet of the At- lantic on S. E. coast of Massachusetts. BUZZER (buz'er), n. Electric alarm similar to an electric bell, except that the vibrating member makes a buzzing sound instead of ringing a bell. BUZZ-SAW (buz'sa), n. Circular saw, so called from the buzzing sound produced by the rapid- ity of its motion. BY (bi), I. prep. 1. At the side of; near to. 2. Through. II. adv. 1. Near; passing near; in presence. 2. Aside; away. — By and by, soon; presently. — By the by, by the way; in passing. [A. S. bi.] BYGONE (bi'gan), I. a. Past. II. n. Past event. BYLAW (bi'la), n. Supplementary law. BYNAME (bi'nam), n. Nickname; name of re- proach. BYPATH (bi'path), n. Side path. BYPLAY (bi'pla), n. Scene carried on apart from the main part of the play. BYPRODUCT (bi'prod-ukt), n. Secondary, incidental or additional product. BYSTANDER (bi'stand-er), n. One who stands by or near; looker-on. BYWAY (bi'wa), n. Private or obscure way. BYWORD (bi'wurd), n. 1. Common saying; proverb. 2. Word of reproach. Byzantine (bi-zantin), Byzantian cw- zan'shan), I. a. Of or relating to Byzantium. II. n. Native or resident of Byzantium. [L. Byzantium, Constantinople.] BYZANTIUM (bi-zan'shi-um), n. Greek colo- nial city, founded 7th century B. C. Now Con- stantinople. [L. — Gr. Byzantlon.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=K in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 172 CABLE I C (s5), n. [pi. C'S (sez).] Third letter and second con- sonant in the alphabet. Be- fore e, i, and y it has a soft sound like that of s, and be- fore a, o, w, I, and r it has a hard sound like that of k. CAAMA (ka'ma), n. ZooZ. 1. South African fox {Vulpes caama). 2. Large antelope (Alcelaphus caama); hartbeest. See HABTBEEST. CAB (kab), n. 1. Public covered carriage drawn by one horse. See HANSOM CAB. 2. Covered part of a locomotive which protects the en- gineer and fireman. [Abbr. of CABRIOLET.] CAB (kab), n. Hebrew dry measure of about 3 pints capacity, mentioned only in II Kings, vi. 25. [Heb. kab.] CABAL (ka-bal'), w. 1. Small party united for secret design or intrigue, or the intrigue itself. 2. [C-] Name in English history especially given to five unpopular ministers of Charles II. (1672), the initials of whose names happen to make up the word. [Fr. cabale; from Heb. gabbdldh, reception.] SYN. Party; faction; set; clique; junto; plot; conbination; conspiracy; machina- tion. ANT. Council; assembly; synod. CABAL (ka-bal), vi. [pr.p. CABAL'LING; p.t. and p.p. CABALLED (ka-bald').] Plot or in- trigue secretly with others; join a cabal. CABALA (kab'a-la), n. 1. Secret science of the Jewish rabbis for the interpretation of the hidden sense of Scripture, claimed to be handed down by oral tradition. 2. Any occult system of doctrine; something hopelessly mystical and unintelligible. [Heb. gabbdldh, tradition; from gibbel, receive.] CABALISM (kab'a-lizm), n. Science of the cabala. CABALIST (kab'a-list), n. One skilled in the cabala. CABALISTIC (kab-a-lis'tik), CABALISTICAL (kab-a-lis'tik-al), a. 1. Relating to the cabala. 2. Mystical; mysterious; occult. CABALISTICALLY (kab-a-lis'tik-al-i), adv. In a cabalistic manner; mystically. CABALLER (ka-bal'er), n. Plotter or intriguer; one who joins in a cabal. CABALLERO (ka-ba-lya/ro), n. 1. Spanish nobleman or gentleman. 2. Horseman; knight; cavalier. [Sp.] CABARET (kab'a-ret; Fr. ka-ba-ra'), n. Small tavern or inn. [Fr.] CABAS (kab'as; Fr. ka-ba'), n. 1. Woman's work-basket or reticule. 2. Rush basket or pannier. [Fr.] CABBAGE (kab'aj), n. 1. Garden vegetable of many varieties, usually with closed up leaves in the center forming a heart, and all derived from Brassica oleracea, or wild sea-cabbage. 2. Huge terminal bud of some palm trees. [0. Fr. cabus; from L. caput, head.] CABBAGE (kab'aj), vt. [pr.p. CAB'BAGINGf p.t. and p.p. CABBAGED (kab'ajd).] Pur- loin; especially said originally of a tailor who appropriates portions of a customer's cloth. [O. Fr. cabasser; from cabas, theft.] CABBAGE (kab'aj), n. Cloth purloined from a customer by a tailor. CABBY (kab'i), n. [pi. CAB'BIES.] Cabman. (Colloq.) CABES (ka'bes), or GaBEZ (ga'bes), n. Gulf and town on the Mediterranean coast of Africa, S. of Tunis. CABIN (kab'in), n. 1. Hut or cottage. 2. Small room. 3. Compartment in a vessel for officers, or passengers. [Fr. cabane — Wei. caban.] CABIN (kab'in), v. [pr.p. CABINING; p.t. and p.p CABINEB (kab'ind).] I. vt. Shut up as in a cabin. II. vi. Dwell in a cabin. CABIN-BOY (kab'in-boi), n. Boy who waits on the officers or those who occupy the cabin of a ship. CABi:7ET(iiab'in-et), n. 1. Sma^l room, closet, or private apart- ment. 2. Case of drawers for ar- ticles of value. 3. Private room for consultation. 4. Body of men com- posing the heads of the several ad- ministrative de- partments of a government; the advisory council of a monarch or president. 5. Se- cret council of a Printer's Cabinet. church. 6. Council chamber. 7. Place for scientific or art collections; also the collection itself. 8. Print. Receptacle in which cases of j>. > type are arranged after the manner of sliding drawers. [Fr., dim. of cabane, hut.] CABINET (kab'in-et), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a cabinet or council of state. 2. Of small and neat size, suitable for a cabinet. CABINET-MAKER (kab'in-et-ma'ker), n. Maker of household furniture. CABIRI (ka-bi'ri), n. Greek Myth. The seven planets of "Justice" worshiped by the Greeks and Phenicians, and whose influence was supposed to be more or less beneficent and propitious. CABLE (ka'bl), n. 1. Strong rope or chain which ties anything, especially a ship to her anchor. 2. Nautical measure of 100 fathoms. 3. Conductor for submarine telegraphy, com- posed of wires embedded in gutta-percha and encased in coiled strands of iron wire. 4. Bundle of insulated wires strung overhead or laid underground in a street, for conducting electric currents. [Fr., from L.L. caplam, halter.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. CABLE 173 CADDICE CABLE (ka'bl), v. [pr.p. CA'BLING; p.t. and p.p. CABLED (ka'bid).] I. vt. 1. Provide with a cable. 2. Tie up or make fast by a cable. 3. Communicate with by means of submarine telegraph. II. vl. Send cablegram. CABLE-CAR (ka/bl-kar), n. Car, the motive power of which is a wire cable, forming an endless belt, that is drawn through a sub- terranean channel by powerful stationary engines at some point along the line. CABLEGRAM (ka'bl-gram), n. Message sent by submarine cable. [CABLE and -GUAM.] CABLE-LAID (ka'bl-lad), a. Formed like a rope of wire or cordage made by having rope strands laid in one direction while the entire finished cable-laid rope is laid the reverse of the strands. CABLE'S-LENGTH (ka'blz-length), n. Naut. 100 fathoms; 600 feet; or about one tenth of a nautical mile. CABLEWAY (ka'bl-wa), n. Traction by rope or cable whereby passengers and freight are transported in cars hung on cables suspended in the air from high towers; telpherage. CABMAN (kab'man), n. [pi. CAB'MBN.] One who drives a cab for hire. CABOODLE (ka-bo'di), n. Crowd; company; collection. (Colloq.) CABOOSE (ka-bos')* n. 1. Kitchen or cook's galley of a ship. 2. Car for use of the crew of a freight train; tool car. [Dut. combuis, cook's room.] CABRIOLET (kab-ri-6-la'), **. Covered carriage with two or four wheels drawn by one horse; cab. [Fr., dim. of cabriole, leap.] CABUL. See KABUL. CACAO (ka-ka/6), n. 1. Tree {Theobroma cacao), from the seeds of which chocolate is made; chocolate-tree. 2. The seeds of this tree; chocolate-nuts. See CHOCOLATE. [Sp., from Mex. cacanatl, cacao.] CACAO-BUTTER (ka-ka'6-but'er), n. Solidified oil from seeds of the Theobroma cacao used in medicinal and toilet preparations. CACHALOT (kash'a-lot), n. Sperm whale. [Fr.] CACHE (kash), n. 1. Hiding place for treasure, for stores of provisions, ammunition, etc. 2. Stores so hidden. [Fr., from cacher, hide.] CACHE (kash), vt. [pr.p. CACHING; p.t. and p.p. CACHED (kasht).] Store in a cache; conceal or hide in the earth. CACHET (kash-a'), n. Seal; any distinctive stamp. — Lettre de cachet, letter under the private seal of France under the old regime, by which the royal pleasure was made known to individuals, and the administration of justice often interfered with. [Fr.] CACHIBOU (ka-shi-bo'), n. Aromatic resin of the gumbo-limbo tree of San Domingo. CACHINNATION (kak-i-na'shun), n. Loud laughter. [L.] CACHOLONG (kash'o-lang), «. Variety of quartz or of opal, generally of a milky color. [Fr.] iad, and phonS, Ill-smelling efflu- CACHOU (ka-shoOs n. Aromatic pellet to purify or sweeten the breath, used by smokers. [Fr.] CACIQUE (ka-sek'), n. Native chief among the Indians of the West Indies. [Haytian.] CACIQUISM (ka-sek'izxn), n. Despotic Mexican system by which caciques, political bosses, nominally elected, really appointed by one higher in authority, enrich themselves at the expense of the people through power over land, water-rights, fines, and women. CACKLE (kak'l), n. 1. Cries of a hen after laying an egg. 2. Gabble of a goose. 3. Silly talk. CACKLE (kak'l), vi. [pr.p. CACKLING; p.t. and p.p. CACKLED (kak'ld).] 1. Make a noise like the cry of a hen. 2. Gabble like a goose. 3. Chatter. 4. Giggle; chuckle. CACKLER (kak'ler), n. One that cackles. CACOLOGY (kak-ol'o-ji), n. Bad choice of words; bad pronunciation. [Gr. kakos, bad, and logos, word.] CACOMIXLE (kak'o-mis-1), n. Zool. South American racoon. CACOPHONIC (kak-o-fon'ik), CACOPHONOUS (kak-of'o-nus), a. Ill-sounding; harsh; op- posed to EUPHONIOUS. CACOPHONY (kak-of'o-ni), n. 1. Disagreeable sound. 2. Discord of sounds; opposed to EUPHONY. [Gr. kakos, sound.] CACOSMIA (ka-kos'mi-a), i via. CACTUS (kak'tus), n. [pi. CACTI (kak'tl), or CAC- TUSES.] American plant of many varieties, generally leafless, the green rind of the glob- ular, columnar, or flat- tened stem serving as foliage; it is armed with prickles or clusters of often formidable spines. [L. from Gr. kaktos, a prickly plant.] CACUS (ka/kus), n. Mom. Myth. Son of Vulcan, a giant of Immense size, who stole the cattle of Hercules, and for which Hercules slew him. CAD (kad), n. Low, mean, vulgar-bred fellow. [Short for CADET.] CADAVER (ka-daver), n. Corpse. [L.] CADAVEROUS (ka-dav'er-us), a. Resembling a dead body; ghastly; sickly-looking. SYN. Pallid; hueless; pale; bloodless; ashy. ANT. Sanguine; rosy; incarnedine. CADAVEROUSLY (ka-dav'er-us-li), adv. In a cadaverous manner or form. CAD A VEROUSNESS (ka-dav'er-us-nes), ». Quality or state of being cadaverous. CADDICE, CADDIS (kad is), n. Larva of the European May-fly. It is also called caddis-fly and caddis-worm, and is said to be excellen bait for trout. [Etym. doubtful.] Melon Cactus (Melo- cactus communis). fate fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " \X~a in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=£/i in Scotch loch. CADDIE 174 CAIRN > CADDIE (kadi), n. Small boy who attends a golfer at play, carrying his clubs. [CADET.] CADDY (kad'i), n. [pi. CADDIES.] 1. Small box for holding tea. 2. Tin can with a lid. [Malay, kati, pound.] CADE (kad), n. Barrel or cask. [Fr., from L. cadus, cask.] CADE (kad), n. Lamb or colt brought up by hand; pet lamb. [Etym. unknown.] CADENCE (ka'dens), n. 1. Fall of the voice at the end of a sentence. 2. Tone; sound; mod- ulation. 3. Mil. Uniformity in step or pace. 4. Music, (a) Modulation of the bars or clauses, (b) Close, the device which in music answers to the use of stops in language. [Fr. from L. cado, fall.] CADENCE (ka'dens), vt. [pr.p. CA'DENCING; p.t. and p.p. CADENCED (ka'denst).] Write or sing in cadence; regulate by rhythmical measure. CADENCY (ka'den-si), n. 1. Regularity of move- ment. 2. In heraldry, the relative status of younger sons. CADENE (ka-den'), w. Low-grade Turkish rug. CADENT (ka'dent), a. 1. In cadence; regulated in measure. 2. Falling. CADENZA (ka-den'za), n. Music. Flourish given by a solo voice or instrument at the close of a movement. [It.] CADET (ka-def), n. 1. Student in a military or naval school. 2. One who serves in the British army as a private, in order to acquire skill and obtain a commission. [Fr., formerly capdet; from L. L. capitetum, dim. of caput, head.] CADI, KADI (ka'di), n. Chief judge or magistrate in Jlohammedan countries. [Arab, gddi, judge.] CADIZ (ka/diz), n. Atlantic seaport in S. W. Spain; capital of the province of the same name. CAD MEAN (kad-me'an), a. Relating to Cadmus, who introduced the original Greek alphabet. CADMIA (kad'mi-a), n. Oxide of zinc, contain- ing from 10 to 20 per cent, of cadmium. [Gr. kadmia; from Kadmos, Cadmus.] CADMIUM (kad'mi-um), n. White metal oc- curring in zinc ores. [See CADMIA.] CADMUS (kad'mus), n. Greek Myth. The re- puted inventor of letters; his alphabet con- sisted of sixteen letters; he slew the Boeotian dragon, and sowed its teeth in the ground, from each of which sprang up an armed man; son of Agenor, king of Phenicia. CAD BANS (kad'rans), n. Instrument by which a gem is adjusted while being cut. [Fr. cad- ran, quadrant.] CADUCEUS (ka-du'se-us), n. Bom. Myth. Rod carried by Mercury, consisting of a wand surmounted with two wings and entwined by two serpents. [L., from Gr. kerukeion, herald's staff.] CADUCITY (ka-du'si-ti), n. Inclination to fall. CADUCOUS (ka-du'kus), a. Biol. Falling or dropping off early as leaves or the gills of a tadpole. [L. caducus, falling; from cado, fall.] C^ECAL (se'kal), a. Pertaining to the caecum; terminating in a closed end. CECUM (se'kum), n. [pi. CM'CA or CECUMS.] 1. Blind sac or pouch. 2. Sac-like beginning of the large intestine, near the Insertion of the small intestine, situated in the right iliac re- gion. [L., from caucus, blind.] CAEN (kong), n. Capital of the Department of Calvados, France, on Orne River. CAESAR (se'zar), n. Absolute monarch; auto- crat. [From Caius Julius Caesar, Roman dictator (100-44 B. C.).] CESAREAN (se-za're-an), a. Relating to Julius Caesar. C^ESARISM (se'zar-izm), n. Imperialism; despotism. CAESIUM (sez'i-um), n. Silver-white, soft, and extensile alkaline metal, almost always found along with rubidium. [L. ccesius, bluish- gray.] C.ESURA, CESURA (se-zhu'ra), n. Pros. 1. Syllable cut off at the end of a word after com- pletion of a foot. 2. Pause in a verse. [L.] CAFE (ka-fa'), n. Coffee-house; restaurant. [Fr.] CAFETERA (ka-fe-ta'ra), n. Restaurant or lunch room where patrons wait on them- selves. [Sp., coffee-service.] CAFFEIC (kaf-fe'ik), a. Chem. Derived from coffee. [Fr. caffeique; from cafe, coffee.] CAFFEINE (kaf-fe'in), n. Alkaloid or active principle of coffee. [Fr.] CAFTAN (kaftan), n. Persian or Turkish under- coat. [Turk, quaftan.] CAGE (kaj), n. 1. Place of confinement. 2. Box made of wire and wood for holding birds or small animals. 3. Framework supporting a peal of bells. 4. Mining. Frame with one or more platforms for cars, used in hoisting in a vertical shaft. 5. Square barred box in which criminals are kept in China under pun- ishment. The criminal's head protrudes from a hole in the top of the cage. [Fr., from L. cavea, hollow place.] CAGE (kaj), vt. [pr.p. CA'GING; p.t. and p.p. CAGED (kajd).] Imprison in a cage or other place of confinement. SYN. Confine; immure; Incarcerate. ANT. Free; liberate; unbar; dismiss. CAGELING (kaj 'ling), n. Bird kept in a cage. CAGE-WORK (kaj'wurk), n. Openwork like the bars of a cage. CAHOOT (ka-hof), n. Company or partner- ship. (Colloq.) CAIQUE (ka-ek'), n. Light rowing boat used in the Bosphorus. [Fr., from Turk, kaik.] CAIRD (kard), n. Tramping tinker; gipsy; vagrant; tramp. [Gael. ceardJ] CAIRN (karn), n. Heap of stones, especially one raised over a grave, or as a landmark on a mountain top. [Celt, earn.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me\ met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CAIRO 175 CALCICOSIS CAIRO (ki'ro), n. Capital of Egypt. Founded about 970 A. D. Great pyramids in its vicinity. CAIRO (ka'rd), n. City of Illinois, at confluence of Ohio and Mississippi rivers. CAISSON (ka'sun), n. 1. Mil. Ammunition chest or wagon. 2. Engin. Wooden water- tight casing, especially one in which work is done under water. 3. Naut. Pontoon or floating gate used to close a dry-dock. [Fr., from caisse, case or chest.] CAITIFF (ka'tif), I. n. Mean, despicable fellow. II. o. Base; cowardly. [O. Fr. caitif; from L. captivus, captive.] CAJOLE (ka-jol'), v. [pr.p. CAJO'LING; p.t. and p.p. CAJOLED (ka-jold').] I. vt. 1. Coax. 2. Cheat or deceive by flattery. II. vi. Make use of flattery in order to deceive. [Fr. cajoler.] SYN. Flatter; wheedle; caress; entrap; decoy; entice; inveigle. ANT. Chide; rate; scold; warn; compel. CAJOLER (ka-jo'ler), n. One who cajoles. CAJOLERY (ka-jo'ler-i), n. Act of cajoling; deceitful persuasion. CAJOLINGLY (ka-jo'ling-li), adv. In a cajoling manner. CAJUPUT (kaj'u-put), n. Tree from the leaves of which a pungent, volatile, aromatic oil is distilled. [Malay.] CAJUPUTENE (kaj-u-put-en'), ». Essence of the oil of cajuput. CAKE (kak), n. 1. Sweetened dough, or com- position of flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc., baked or otherwise cooked. 2. Any mass of matter concreted. [Ice. kaka.] CAKE (kak), v. [pr.p. CA'KING; p.t. and p.p. CAKED (kakt).] I. vt. Form into a cake or hard mass. II. vi. Become coagulated or formed into a cake. CAKE-WALK (kak'wak), n. Exhibition of graceful walking, formerly peculiar to the negroes of the southern U. S., a cake being awarded as a prize to the most graceful walkers. CALABA (kal'a-ba), n. Balsam-producing tree of South American tropics. CALABASH (kal'a-bash), n. 1. Gourd plant or its fruit. 2. Tree of tropical America bearing a large melon-like fruit, the shell of which is also called a calabash, and is used for domestic purposes, as holding liquids, etc. [Fr. calebasse; from Sp. calabaza; Pers. kharbuz, melon.] • CALABOOSE (kal'a-bos), n. Temporary prison; jail; lock-up. [Sp. calabozo, dungeon.] CALABRIA (ka-la'bri-a), n. South western part of Italy. CALADIUM (ka-la'di-um), n. 1. Genus of plants of the Arum family, with edible starchy root-stocks. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus. [Malay, kelddy.] CALAIS (kal'is; Fr. ka-la'), n. 1. City in France, opposite Dover. 2. (kal'is). City in Maine. Carved Calabashes. CALAMANCO (kal-a-mang'ko), n. Satin- twilled woolen fabric, checkered or brocaded in the warp. [Sp. calamaco.] CALAMBAC (kal-am-bak'), n. Fragrant in- cense-wood tree from East India. [Malay.] CALAMIFORM (ka-lam'i-farm), a. Shaped like a withe or reed. [L. calamus, reed, and FORM.] CALAMINE (kal'a-min), n. Important ore con- sisting principally of carbonate of zinc. [Fr.] CALAMINT (kal'a-mint), n. Labiate plant closely allied to balm and thyme. [L. calaminthe.] CALAMITOUS (ka-lam'i-tus), a. Making wretched; disastrous. SYN. Fatal; ill-omened; inauspicious; unlucky; unfortunate. ANT. Fortunate; favorable; felicitous; propitious. CALAMITOUSLY (ka-lam'i-tus-li), adv. In a calamitous manner; disastrously. CALAMITOUSNESS ( ka-lam'i-tus-nes ), n. Quality of causing distress; distress; misery. CALAMITY (ka-lam'i-ti), n. [pi. CALAMITIES.] Great misfortune; affliction; disaster. [Fr. calamite; from L. calamitas.~\ SYN. Hardship; reverse; mishap; catas- trophe; trouble. ANT. Blessing; boon. CALAMUS (kara-mus),n. 1. Genus of palms, one species of which yields the resin called dragon's blood. 2. [c-] Root of the sweet-flag. 3. Reed anciently used as a pen. 4. Wind instrument, made of a reed. [L., from Gr. kalamos, reed.] CALAPITE (kal'a-pit), n. Ivory-like kernel growth sometimes found inside of cocoanut. CALASH (ka-lash'), n. 1. Light low- wheeled carriage with a folding top. 2. Hood or folding top of a carriage. 3. Silk and whalebone hood formerly worn by women. [Fr. caleche; Ger. kalesche; from Russ. koleso, wheel.] CALATHIFORM (kal'a-thi-farm), a. Having shape like a bowl or cup; cup-shaped. CALCANEOUS (kal-ka'ni-us), n. Pathol. Club- foot in which only the heel can be used. [L. calcaneum, heel.] CALCAR (kal'kar), n. 1. Calcinating furnace used in glassworks. 2. Arch over oven for annealing. [L. calcaria, lime-kiln.] CALCAR (kal'kar), n. [pi. CALCAR'IA.] Spur, or spur-like projection. [L.] CALCARATE (kal'kar-at), CALCARATED (kal'- kar-a-ted), a. Spurred. CALCAREOUS (kal-ka're-us), a. Partaking of the nature of lime; containing lime. [L. cal- carius, from calx, lime.] CALCAREOUSNESS (kal-ka're-us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being calcareous. CALCATE (kal'kat), vt. [pr.p. CAL'CATING; p.t. and p.p. CAL'CATED.] Crunch or crush with the heel. CALCEDONY (kal-sed'o-ni), n. See CHALCED- ONY. CALCHAS (kal'kas), n. Greek Myth. Sooth- sayer at siege of Troy, son of Thestor. CALCICOSIS (kal-si-kd'sis), n. Lung trouble fate, Xat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ti=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CALCIFEROUS 176 CALENDER ► caused by breathing air impregnated with stone dust. [L. calx, colds, lime.] CALCIFEROUS (kal-sif'er-us), a. Min. Con- taining or yielding calcite. CALCIFICATION (kal-si-fi-ka'shun), n. Process of calcifying or being converted into a stony substance by the deposition of lime salts. CALCIFORM (kal'si-farm), a. In the form of chalk or lime. CALCIFY (kal'si-fi), v. [pr.p. CAL'CIFYING; p.t. and p.p. CALCIFIED (kal'si-fld).] I. vt. Make calcareous. II. vi. Become calcareous ; turn into bony tissue. [L. calx, lime, and facio, make.] CALCIMINE (kal'si-min), n. White or tinted wash for ceilings, walls, etc., consisting of whiting, with glue, salt, water, etc. [L. calx, cole-, lime.] CALCIMINE (kal'si-min), vt. [pr.p. CAL'CI- MINING; p.t. and p.p. CALCIMINED (kal'si-mind).] Wash over with calcimine. CALCINABLE (kal'sin-a-bl), a. Capable of being calcined. CALCINATION (kal-si-na'shun), n. Operation of expelling from a substance, by heat, water or other volatile matter combined with it, and thus reduce it to a friable state. CALCINE (kal'sin), v. [pr.p. CALCINING; p.t. and p.p. CALCINED (kal'sind).] I. vt. 1. Re- duce to powder or a friable state by heat. 2. Reduce (a metal) to an oxide. II. vi. Be re- duced to powder; become calcined. [Fr. cal- ciner;^ from L. calx (genitive calcis), lime.] CALCITE (kal'sit), n. Min. Native calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime, also called calcareous spar and calc-spar. [L. calx, lime.] CALCITRANT (kal'si-trant), a. Kicking; re- fractory. [L. calcitro, kick.] CALCIUM (kal'si-um), n. Chem. Metallic base of lime. [L. calx (genit. calcis), lime.] CALCIUM-CARBIDE (kal'si-um-kar-bid), n. Compound of calcium and carbon, a grayish powder, which, when subjected to the action of water, rapidly generates acetylene, the lime being precipitated. CALCIUM-LIGHT (kal'si-um-lit), n. Drum- mond light, more commonly called lime-light, produced by directing streams of oxygen and hydrogen, inflamed, upon a ball of lime. CALC-SPAR (kalk'spar), n. Same as CALCITE. CALCULABLE (kal'ku-la-bl), a. Capable of being calculated. CALCULATE (kal'ku-lat), v. [pr.p. CALCULA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CALCULATED.] I. vt. 1. Count or reckon. 3. Think out. 3. Adapt; flt (only passive, with for). 4. Purpose; in- tend. II. vi. 1. Make a calculation. 2. Estimate; count; reckon. 3. Believe or think. (Colloq). [L. calculatus, p.p. of calculo, reckon by means of pebbles; from calculus, pebble, dim. of calx, lime.] STN. Compute; analyze; canvass; audit; rate; value; determine; adjust; consider; weigh. ANT. Conjecture; guess; chance; risk; stake. CALCULATING (kal'ku-la-ting), a. 1. Given to forethought. 2. Deliberately selfish and scheming. SYN. Sagacious; cautious; circumspect; wary. ANT. Rash; improvident; incau- tious; thriftless. CALCULATION (kal-ku-la'shun), n. 1. Art or process of calculating. 2. Estimate. 3. Forecast. CALCULATIVE (kal'ku-la-tiv), a. Relating to calculation. CALCULATOR (kal'ku-la-tur), n. 1. One who calculates. 2. Machine for making arith- metical calculations. CALCULOUS (kal'ku-lus), CALCULOSE (kal'- ku-16z), a. 1. Stony or like stone; gritty. 2. Pathol. Affected with calculus. [L. calculus, pebble.] CALCULUS (kal'ku-lus), n. [pi. CALCULI (kal'- ku-li).] 1. Pathol. Stone-like secretion which forms in certain parts of the body. 2. Math. Method of calculating by means of algebraic symbols. [L., little stone, pebble; dim. of calx, lime, stone.] CALCUTTA (kal-kut'a), n. Capital of British India and Bengal, on Hugli mouth of Ganges River. Commercial center. CALDRON (kal'drun), n. Large kettle or boiler. [O. Fr. caudron; from L. caldaria.] C ALE AN (kal'e-an), n. East Indian hookah, narghile, or water pipe. CALEDONIAN (kal-e-do'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining to Caledonia, or Scotland. II. n. Scotch- man. CALEFACIENT (kal-e-fa'shent), I. a. Causing or exciting heat or warmth. II. n. Med. Application that warms; blister or superfi- cial stimulant. [L. calefaciens, pr.p. of cale- facio, make hot; calidus, hot, and facio, make.] CALEF ACTION (kal-e-fak'shun), n. 1. Act of heating. 2. State of being heated. CALEFY (kal'e-fi), v. [pr.p. CAL'EFYING; p.t. and p.p. CALEFIED (kal'e-fid).] I. vt. Make warm. II. vi. Grow warm. CALENDAR (kal'en-dar), n. 1. Table of months, days, and seasons; almanac. 2. List of doc- uments arranged chronologically, with sum- maries of contents. 3. List of canonized saints. 4. Law. List or register of cases to be tried. — Calendar month, solar month as it stands in almanacs, as January 31 days, June 30 days, February 28 or 29 days. [L. calen- dar ium.] CALENDAR (kal'en-dar), vt. [pr.p. CALENDAR- ING; p.t. and p.p. CALENDARED (kal'en- dard).] Enter in a calendar. CALENDER (kal'en-der), n. Machine consisting of two or more rollers for smoothing and dressing cloth, paper, etc. [Fr. calandre, cylinder.] CALENDER (kal'en-der), vt. [pr.p. CAL'ENDER- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CALENDS 177 CALLING ING; p.t. and p.p. CALENBESED (kal'en- dSrd).] Press in a calender. CALENDS (kal'endz), n. First Day of each Ro- man month. [L. calendce — Gr. kaled, call (the first of the month was called or proclaimed).] CALENDULA (ka-len'du-la),n. Genus of plants the marigolds. [L. calendce, calends.] CALENTURA (ka-len- to'ra), n. Pathol. Ma- larial fever of South American countries. [Sp. calentura, fever.] CALESCENCE (ka-les'- ens), n. Increasing warmth. [L.calescense pr.p. of caiesco, grow warm.] CALF (kaf), n. [pi. CALVES (kavz).] 1. Calendula (C. officinalis). Young of the cow and of some other animals, as marine mammals. 2. Calfskin leather. 3. Stupid or cowardly person. (Colloq.) [A. S. cealf.] CALF (kaf), n. [pi. CALVES (kavz).] Fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee. CALIBER, CALIBRE (kal'i-ber), n. 1. Diameter of the bore of a gun; internal diameter of a tube of any kind. 2. Capacity of mind. [Fr. calibre, bore of a gun.] CALIBRATION (kai-i-bra'shun), n. Act of measuring the caliber of a gun or tube. CALICO (kal'i-ko), n. [pi. CAI/ICOES.] 1. In the U. S., cotton cloth having figured designs printed on it. 2. In England, plain white cotton cloth, bleached or unbleached. [ Calicut, in India.] CALICUT (kal'i-kut), n. Seaport on Malabar Coast, Madras, British India. CALIF, CALIPH (ka'lif), n. Any successor of Mohammed; Mohammedan governor. [Fr., from Arab, khalifah, successor.] CALIFORNIA (kal-i-far'ni-a), ». State of the U. S. Area 158,233 sq. m. Capital, Sacra- mento. CALIFORNIA (kal-i-far'ni-a), LOWER. Pen- insula projecting southward into Pacific Ocean. Part of Mexico. Area 58,328 sq. m. CALIPASH (kal-i-pash'), n. Part of a turtle next to the upper shell. [Etym. doubtful; probably from CALABASH.] CALIPEE (kal-i-pe'), n. Part of a turtle next to the lower shell. CALIPERS (kal'i-perz), n.pl. Compasses with bent or curved legs, suitable for measuring the inside or outside diameter of bod- ies. [From CALIBER.] CALIPH (kS'lif), n. See CALIF. CALISATA (kal-i-sa'ya), n. Variety of Peruvian bark; cinchona. CALISTHENIC (kal-is-then'ik), a. to calisthenics. CALISTHENICS (kal-is-then'iks), Calipers. Pertaining n.pl. Ex- ercises for the purpose of promoting grace- fulness as well as strength of body. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, and sthenos, strength.] CALIX (ka'liks), n. [pi. CALICES (kal'i-sez).] 1. Cup or cup-like cavity. 2. Calyx. [L.] CALK, CAULK (kak), vt. [pr.p. CALK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CALKED (kakt).] Stop or stuff; make water-tight, as by pressing oakum and untwisted rope into the seams of a ship. [O. Fr. cauquer, press.] CALK (kak), n. 1. Pointed piece of iron on a horseshoe to prevent slipping. 2. Piece of iron with sharp points worn on the sole of a person's shoe for a similar purpose. [L. calx, heel.] CALK (kak), vt. [pr.p. CALK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CALKED (kakt).] Furnish with a calk or calks. CALK (kak), vt. [pr.p. CALK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CALKED (kakt).] Copy (a drawing) by chalk- ing it. [Fr. calquer; from L. calx, lime. CALKER (kak'er), n. 1. Calk for a shoe. 3. One who calks. CALL (kal), v. [pr.p. CALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CALLED (kald).] I. vt. 1. Cry out the name of; as, to call a party in court. 2. Summons. 3. Convoke. 4. Proclaim. 5. Arouse; awake. 6. Name over; as, call the list of members. 7. Designate; give a name to. 8. Attribute a quality to; as, "he was called great." 9. Appoint or designate for any office or position. 10. Invoke; appeal to. II. vi. 1. Cry aloud, in the way of appeal, summons, signal or command. 2. Give a signal sound. 3. Make a short visit. [A. S. ceallian.] CALL (kal), n. 1. Vocal address, summons, or citation. 2. Signal sound. 3. Cry of a bird to its mate or its young. 4. Demand; claini. 5. Any signaling device that gives an audible signal. 6. Obligation of duty. 7. Short visit. 8. Stock Ex. Privilege given to "call" for, or demand delivery of stock at a time and price fixed. 9. Fowling. Artificial note to Imitate that of birds, and serve as a decoy. CALLA (kal'a), n. Bot. Common house plant, ( Bichardia Mthiopica), a native of the Cape of Good Hope, well known by its large spathe of pure white, and commonly called calla lily. CaLLAO (ka-la'6 or kal-ya'6), n. Chief seaport of Peru, on bay of same name. CALLING (kal'ing), n. 1. Act of making a call of any kind. 3. Vocation; profession; trade. CALLIONTMUS (kal-i-on'i-mus), «. Genus of slender fishes; the dragonets. [Gr. hallos, beauty, and onoma, name.] Callionymus (C.ccerulonotatus), fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, \s.h=ch in Scotch loch. CALLIOPE 178 CALYPSO ► CALLIOPE (kal-li'c-pe), n. 1. Greek Myth. The muse presiding over epic poetry and rhetoric. 2. [c-] Instrument producing musical notes by means of steam-whistles, played by a key- board. [L. Calliope, from Gr. Kalliope, beau- tiful, voiced.] CALLIOPSIS (kal-i-op'sis), n. Cultivated plant of the aster family. [Gr. k'allos, beauty, and opsis, appear- ance.] CALLIPERS (kal'i- perz), n. Same as CALIPERS. CALLISTHENIC, CAL- LISTHENICS. Same as CALISTHENIC, CALISTHENICS. Calliopsis (C. grandiflora) . CALLISTO (kal-lis'to), n. Greek Myth, Daugh- ter of Lycaon, king of Arcadia; one of Diana's attendants; beloved by Zeus and changed into a bear to conceal her from Hera; slain by Artemis, and became the constellation Arctos. CALLOSITY (kal-los'i-ti), n. [pi. CALLOSI- TIES.] 1. Hardened or callous skin of any part of the body. 2. State of being hardened in feeling. [Fr. callosite; from L. callositas, callosus.] CALLOUS (kal'us), a. 1. Hardened. 2. Unfeel- ing or insensible. [L. callus, hard skin.] CALLOUSNESS (kal'us=nes), n, State of being callous. CALLOW (kal'o), a. 1. Unfledged. 2. Inex- perienced. [A. S. calu, bald.] CALLUS (kal'us), n. Any unnatural hardening of the skin; callosity. [L.] CALM (kara), a. 1. Still or quiet. 2. Serene; unexcited in mind, gesture or language. [Fr. calme; from Gr. kautna, noonday heat. CALM (kam), n. Absence of commotion; repose; serenity. CALM (kam), vt. [pr.p. CALMING; p.t. and p.p. CALMED (kamd).] Render still or quiet; tranquilize; make calm; pacify; appease; soothe. CALMLY (kam'li), adv. In a calm manner. CALMNESS (kam'nes), n. State of being calm. CALOMEL (kal'o-mel), n. Mercurous chloride, a poisonous compound of mercury and chloride, used in medicine as an alterative. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, and melas, black.] CALORESCENCE (kal-o-res'ens), n. Trans- mutation of heat rays into luminous rays. CALORIC (ka-lor'ik), I. a. Pertaining to heat. II. n. 1. Heat. 2. Formerly supposed principle or cause of heat. [L. calor, heat.] CALORICULTURE (ka-lor'i-kul-tur), n. Hort. System of gardening and horticulture practiced by the regulation of temperature, color, etc. [L. calor, heat, and CULTURE.] CALORIE, CALORY (kal'o-ri), n. Unit of heat. [Fr.] CALORIFIC (kal-o-rif'ik), a. Causing heat; heating. [L. calor, heat, and facio, make.] CALORIMETER (kal-o-rim'e-ter), n. Instru- ment for measuring the specific heat of a body. CALORIZER (kal'o-ri-zer), n. Device for pro- ducing complete and smokeless combustion of low-grade fuels. [L. calor, heat.] CALORY (kal'o-ri), n. Same as CALORIE. CALOTTE (ka-lof), n. Plain skull-cap or coif. [Fr.] CALOTYPE (kal'o-tip), n. Primitive photo- graphic process with iodide of silver. CALUMET (kal'u-met), Peace pipe of the I' American In- North dians, a tobacco pipe with a long reed stem and large bowl, usually of soapstone. Calumet. [Fr.; from L. calamus, reed.] CALUMNIATE (ka-lum'ni-at), v. [pr.p. CA- LUM'NIATING; p.t. and p.p. CALUMNIA- TED.] I. vt. Accuse falsely; defame; slander. II. vi. Utter calumnies; make false charges. CALUMNIATION (ka-lum-ni-a'shun), n. False accusation; slander. CALUMNIATOR (ka-lum'ni-a-tur), n. Slan- derer. CALUMNIATORY (ka=lum'ni-a-to-ri), a. Con- taining calumny; slanderous. CALUMNIOUS (ka-lum'ni-us), a. Of the nature of calumny; slanderous. CALUMNIOUSLY (ka-lum'ni-us-li), adv. In a calumnious manner. CALUMNY (kal'um-ni), n. [pi. CAL'UMNIES.] False accusation maliciously made; slander; defamation. [L. calumnia.] CALVE (kav), vi. [pr.p. CALV'ING; p.t. and p.p. CALVED (kavd).] Bring forth a calf. [A. S. cealfian.] CALVINISM (kal'vin-izm), n. System of re- ligious doctrine taught by John Calvin (1509- 1564), noted Genevan reformer. CALVINIST (kal'vin-ist), n. One who holds the doctrines of Calvin. CALVINISTIC (kal-vin-ist'ik), a. Pertaining to Calvin or Calvinism. CALVOUS (kal'vus), a. Bald; devoid of cov- ering. CALX (kalks), n. [pi. CALX'ES or CALCES (kal'- sez).] 1. Chalk or lime. 2. Ashy substance of a metal or mineral which remains after be- ing calcined. [L. calx, lime.] CALYCATE (kal'i-kat), a. Bot. Having a calyx. CALYCLE (kal'i-kl), n. Bot. Accessory calyx outside the true one. CALYCULATE (ka-lik'u-lat), a. Bot. Having an outer calyx or bract resembling a calyx. CALYPSO (ka-lip's6), n. Greek Myth. A sea- nymph, one of the Oceanides; she entertained Ulysses on the island of Ogygia and offered him immortality if he would become her husband. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, x\.=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CALYX 179 CAMOMILE CALYX (ka'liks or kal'Iks), n. [pi. CALYXES or CALYCES (kal'i- sez).] Bot. Outer cover- ing or cup of a flower, its separateleaves term- ed sepals. [L.; from Gr. kalyx, covering.] CAM (kam), n. Mech. Device for changing a Calyxes. regular rotary motion into a reciprocating motion, various forms of which are the cam- wheel and shaft, the heart-wheel, the wiper wheel, and the eccentric. [Dut. kam, comb.] CAMAGON (ka-ma-gon'), «. Dark, reddish- black wood in Philipine Islands. CAMANSI (ka-man'se), n. Resinous tree in Philippine Islands producing a kind of copal varnish. CAMBAYE (kam-ba'), n. Hand-loom East Indian calico. CAMBER (kam'ber), n. Convexity upon an upper surface, as of a deck amidships, a bridge, or lintel. [O. Fr. cambre, crooked.] CAMBER (kam'ber), vt. [pr.p. CAM'BERING; p.t. and p.p. CAMBERED (kam'berd).] Make slightly convex above; arch slightly. CAMBIST (kam'bist), n. One skilled in exchange values. CAMBIUM (kam'bi-um), n. Bot. A layer of delicate cells between the wood and bark, which develop on one side into wood, and on the other, into bark. CAMBODIA (kam-bd'di-a), n. Part of French Indo-China. Area 37,400 sq. m. CAMBRAI, CAMERA Y (kam-bra'), n. For- tified town in France, on Schelde river. CAMBREL (kam'brel), n. 1. Bent piece of iron or wood on which butchers hang the carcasses of animals. 2. Hock of a horse. [Probably from CAMBER.] CAMBRIAN (kam'bri-an), a. Of or pertaining to Wales. [L. Cambria, Wales.] CAMBRIC (kam'brik), n. 1. Fine white linen fabric, used for ruflies, handkerchiefs, etc. 2. Cotton fabric made in imitation of linen cambric. [Cambrai, city in the French depart- ment of Nord.] CAMBRIDGE (kam'brij), n. I. City in England on Cam river, seat of famous university. 2. City near Boston, Mass., seat of Harvard University. CA3IE (kam), v. Past tense of COME. CAMEL (kam'el),n. 1. Large ruminant quadruped with one or two humps on its back, used in Asia and Africa as a beast of bur- den, the kind having only one hump being specific- ally called a dromedary. 2. Large floating machine for bearing vessels Camel (Camelus bactrianus). One who drives Camellia (Camellia Japonica) . over bars into a harbor. [L. camelus; from Gr. kamelos.] CAMELEER (kam-el-er'), n. or rides a camel. Camellia (ka-mei'- i-a), n. Bot. 1. Gen- us of tropical shrubs or trees of the tea family. 2. [c-] Plant of the genus Camellia, especially the Camel- lia Japonica, or Ja- pan rose. [From Ka- tnel, a Jesuit traveler.] CAMELOPARD (ka- mel'o-pard), n. Gi- raffe. [Gr. kamelos, camel, and pardalis, pard.] CAMELRY (kam'el-ri), n.pl. Troops mounted on camels. CAMEO (kam'e-6), n. [pi. CAMEOS (kam'e-6z).] Engraved gem in which the figure or subject is carved in relief. [It. cammeo; from L. L. cammceus, cameo.] CAMERA (kam'e-ra), n. [pi. CAM'- E R A S or CAM'ER^E.] Any instru- ment hav- ing a dark chamber, and espe- cially the camera- ob- scura and the camera- lucida. — Stereoscopic camera, a double photo- graphic camera-obscura. [L., chamber.] CAMERA-LUCID A (kam-e-ra-lo'si-da), n. In- strument by which the rays of light from an object are reflected by a specially shaped prism, forming an image on the paper underneath. [L. camera, and lucida, containing light.] CAMERA-OBSCURA (kam'e-ra-ob-sku'ra), n. Instrument for projecting the image of ex- ternal objects upon a plane surface placed within a dark chamber. [L. camera, and obscura, dark, obscure.] CAMERAPHONE (kam'e-ra-fon), n. Combi- nation of biograph and phonograph; called also photophone. CAMILLA (ka-mil'a), n. Bom. Myth. Daughter of King Metabus of Privermun, who became the virgin warrior queen of the Volscians. CAMISOLE (kam'i-sol), n. Sleeved jacket; a woman's loose morning gown or jacket. [Fr.] CAMLET (kam'let), n. Cloth originally made of camel's hair, but now chiefly of wool and goat's hair. [Fr.] CAMOMILE (kam'o-mil), n. Plant, or its dried flowers, used in medicine, affording a bitter Stereoscopic Camera. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. CAMORA 180 CANCAN > stomachic and tonic. [Fr. camomille, from Gr. chamai-melon, earth-melon.] CAMOHA (ka-nio'ra), CaMOREA ka-mor'a), n. Secret society organized to do acts of ven- geance. [See BLACK-HAND.] [It.] CAMP (kamp), n. 1. Ground on which an army pitches its tents. 2. Tents of an army. 3. Army or hody of troops camping. 4. Any temporary quarters for travelers, etc. CAMP (kamp), v. [pr.p. CAMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CAMPED (kampt).] I. vi. Furnish, as an ar- my, with tents. II. vi. Pitch tents; lodge in tents. — Camp out, live temporarily in a tent. CAMPAGNA DI HoMA (kam-pan'ya de ro'ma). Large malarial plain in Italy, surrounding Rome. CAMPAIGN (kam-pan'), n. 1. Large open field or plain. 2. Time during which an army keeps the field. 3. Connected scenes of mili- tary operations. 4. Army in the field. 5. Organized movement in the advocacy of a po- litical or social cause. [Fr. campagne; from L. campania; campus, field.] CAMPAIGN (kam-pan'), vi. [pr.p. CAMPAIGN- ING; p.t. and p.p. CAMPAIGNED (kam- pand').] Serve in a campaign. CAMPAIGNER, (kam-pan'er), n. One who serves in a campaign. CAMPANIA (kan-pa'ni-a), n. In ancient geog- raphy, region in S. E. Italy. CAMPANILE (kam-pa-ne'la), n. [pi. CAMPA- NI'LI (kam-pa-ne'le).] Tower-like belfry. [It. campana, bell.] C/AMPANULA (kam-pan'u-la), n. Genus of flowers, the bellflow- ers or bells, usually blue or white. [It. cam- pana, bell.] CAMPECHE (kam-pa'- cha), CaMPEACHY^ (kam-pe'chi), n State - '" "l" r " In Mexico, S. W. part Campanula. of the peninsula of Yucatan. Area 21,797 sq. m. Capital, Campeche, on Campeche Gulf. CAMPEACHY-WOOD (kam-pe'chi-wQd), n . Dark-red dye wood; same as LOGY/OOD. CAMPHINE (kam'fen or kam-fen'), n. Rectified oil of turpentine. CAMPHOID (kam'foid), n. Admixture of py- roxylin and camphor, used to replace collodion. CAMPHOR (kam-fur), n. Whitish solid semi- translucent substance, procured chiefly from the camphor laurel of India, China, and Japan, having a peculiar hot aromatic taste and pleas- ant smell. [Fr. camphre; from Malay. Jc&piir, camphor.] CAMPHORATE (kam'fur-at), vt. [pr.p. CAM'- PHORATING; p.t. and p.p. CAMPHORATED.] Impregnate with camphor. CAMPHORIC (kam-for'ik), o. Pertaining to camphor. CAMPHYLINE (kam-fl-len'), n. Scientific name for naphthalene. CAMPION (cam'pi°un), n. Bright-flowering plant of the pink family; wallflower. [Etyin. doubtful.] CAMP-MEETING (kamp'met-ing), n. Religious assembly in tents or booths. CAMPUS (kam 'pus), n. College grounds or green. [L., field.] CAMPYLOMETER (kam-pi-lom'e-ter), n. De- vice for measuring length of all classes of lines on plans and drawings. [Gr. kampylos, curved, and -METER.] CAMPYLOTROPQUS(kam-pi-Iot'ro-pus),a. Bot. Having the ovule curved upon itself, as in the pinks. [Gr. kampylos, curved, and trepo, turn.] CAN (kan), n. 1. Vessel usually of tinned iron, for holding or preserving liquids, fruit, pre- pared meat, etc. 2. Originally, a drinking cup. [A. S. canne.] CAN (kan), vt. [pr.p. CAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. CANNED (kand).] Put up for preservation in cans. CAN (kan), vi. [p.t. COULD (kod).] Know how; be able; have the power physically men- tally or morally, of doing anything. [A. S. can, pr. indicative of cumman, know (how to do a thing) ; be able.] CANA (ka'na), n. Tillage of Galilee, Palestine. CANADA (kan'a-da), HOMINION OF. Con- federation of British N. Amerian provinces and territories, N. of the U.S. Area 3,653,- 946 sq. m., capital, Ottawa. CANADIAN (ka-na'di-an), 1. a. Pertaining to Cana- da. II. n. Native of Can- ada; Canuck. CANAILLE (ka-nal'), n. Lowest class of people; the rabble. [Fr., from L. canis, dog.] CANAL (ka-nai'), n. 1. Ar- tificial water course for navigation or drainage. 2. Duct; channel. [L. canalis, channel.] CANAL (ka-nal'), vi. [pr.p. CANAL'LING; p.t.&ndp.p. CANALLED (ka-nald').] 1. Make (a canal) through, 2. Convert into a canal. CANALICULATE (kan-a-lik'u-lat), a. Bot. Channeled; having a longitudinal groove. CANAPE (ka-na-pa'), n. 1. Sofa; couch; cano- py. 2. Fried toast used in cooking. [Fr.] CANARD (ka-niird'); n. False report; fabricated rumor or sensational story. [Fr., hoax, (liter- ally) duck.] CANARY (ka-na'ri), n. [pi. CANA'RIES.] 1. Light sweet wine from the Canary Islands. 2. Bird originally from the Canary Islands. 3. Bright yellow color. CANARY ISLANDS (ka-na'ri I'landz). Group in N. Atlantic Ocean. Area 2,808 sq. m. CANCAN (kan'kan), n. Immodest and riotous kind of dance. [Fr.] Sir Wilfred Laurier, Canadian Prime Minister. fate, fat, task, far, ill. fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il-u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Wen, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CANCEL 181 CANGUS Cancer. CANCEL (kan'sel), vt. [pr.p. CANCELING; p.t. and p.p. CANCELED (kan'seld).] 1. Erase or blot out by crossing with lines. 2. Annul; set aside; revoke. 3. Math. Remove (equivalent quantities) on opposite sides of an equation. [Fr. canceller; from. L. cancelli, lattice-work.] SYN. Obliterate; efface; quash; expunge; revoke; rescind; abrogate; invalidate; nulli- fy. ANT. Enforce; confirm; ratify; fix. CANCEL (kan'sel), n. Print. Suppression of a printed page or sheet, the page so canceled, or the new one substituted. CANCELATION (kan-sel-a'shun), n. Act of can- celing or state of being canceled. CANCELLATE (kan'sel-lat), a. Cross-barred; marked with cross-lines like lattice-work; reticulated. [L. cancellatus.] CANCER (kan'ser), n. 1. Astron. Constellation be- tween Gemini and Leo, and a sign of the zodiac showing the limits of the sun's course northward in summer. 2. Zool. Genus of crustaceans, embracing the common edible crab. 3. [c-] Pathol. Malig- nant spreading tumor. CANCERATE (kan'ser-at), vi. [pr.p. CAN'CER- ATING; p.t. and p.p. CAN'CESATED.] Be- come cancerous. CANCERATION (kan-ser-a'shun), n. Act or state of growing into a cancer, or of becoming cancerous. CANCERIN (kan'ser-in), n. Fertilizer made from marine crustaceans. CANCERITE (kan'scr-it), n. Fossilized crab. CANCEROUS (kan'ser-us), a. Having the nature or qualities of a cancer. CANCEROUSLY (kan'ser-us-Ii), adv. In the manner of a cancer. CANCEROUSNESS (kan'ser-us-nes), n. State of being cancerous. CANCRIFORM (kang'kri-farm), a. Cancroid. CANCROID (kang'kroid), a. Resembling a can- cer. CANDELABRUM (kan-de-la'brum), n. [pi. CANDELA'BRA.] 1. Branched and ornamented candlestick or lampstand. 2. Tall stand for lamps. [L.] CANDID (kan'did), a. 1. Frank: ingenuous. 2. Free from prejudice; fair; impartial. [Fr. candide; from L. candidus, white.] CANDIDACY (kan'di-da-si), n. [pi. CAN'- DIDACIES.] State of being a candidate. CANDIDATE (can'di-dat), n. 1. One who offers himself for any office or honor. 2. One who Is nominated, by a party convention or other- wise, for an elective office. [L. candidatus, white-robed.] CANDIDATURE (kan'di-da-turc), n. State of being a candidate; candidacy. CANDIDLY (kan'did-li), adv. In a candid manner; fairly; frankly. CANDIDNESS (kan'did-nes), n. Quality of being candid. CANDIED (kan'did), a. 1. Converted into candy. 2. Coated or covered over with candy. 3. Sweetly flattering. CANDLE (kan'dl), n. 1. Cylinder of wax, tallow or other like substance, containing a wick, used for giving light. 2. Elec. Unit of illumina- ting power; one candle-power. [A. S. candel.] CANDLE (kan'dl), vt. [pr.p. CANDLING; p.U and p.p. CANDLED (kan'did).] Examine by holding to candle-light, as to candle eggs. CANDLE-FISH (kan'dl-flsh), n. Small deep- sea fish of the smelt family, peculiar to the Pacific coast of North America. CANDLE-LIGHT (kan'dl-lit), n. 1. Light of a candle. 2. Time Avhen candles are lighted. CANDLEMAS (kan'dl-mas), n. Eccl. Feast of the Purification, February 2d; so called from being formerly celebrated with processions and displays of candles. CANDLE-POWER (kan'dl-pow-er), n. Intensity of light emitted by a luminous body estimated in standard candles — candles of definite com- position, which, when burned at the rate of two grains per minute, will produce a light of a definite and fixed brightness. CANDLER (kan'dler), n. One who examines eggs by candle-light. CANDLESTICK (kan'dl-stik), n. Utensil for holding a candle, originally a stick. CANDOCK (kan'dok), n. Yellow water-lily. [CAN (cup), and DOCK (plant).] CANDOR (kan'dur), n. Freedom from prejudice or disguise; fairness; frankness. [L., white- ness. CANDY (kan'di), n. [pi. CAN'DIES.] Confection made of sugar, etc. [Fr. candi.] CANDY (kan'di), v. [pr. p. CANDYING; pi. and p.p. CANDIED (kan'did).] I. vt. 1. Coat over with crystallized sugar. 2. Convert into crys- tallized sugar. 3. Conserve with sugar. II. vi. Become candied. CANDYTUFT (kan'di -tuft), n. Bot. Any plant of the genus Iberis. [Candia, the island.] CANE (kan), n. 1. Stem of one of the smaller palms. 2. Calamus or rattan, or the larger grasses^ — bamboo, sugar- cane, etc. 3. Walk- ing-stick. [Fr. canne — Gr. kanna, reed.] CANE (kan), vt. [pr.p. CA'NING; p.t. and p.p. CANED (kand).] 1. Beat with a cane or thin stick. 2. Bottom or back with _, , „,-,.,, cane, as a chair. Candytuft (Iberxs). CANE-BRAKE (kan'brak), n. Thicket of canes. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii— « in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ANICULA 183 CANONICALS ) CaNICULA (ka-nik'u-la), n. Astron. Sirius, the dog-star. [L., dim. of canls, dog.] CANICULAR (ka-nik'u-lar), a. Relating to the dog-star or to the dog-days. CANINE (ka-nin'), a. Pertaining to or like the dog. — Canine teeth, four sharp-pointed tear- ing teeth in most mammals, one on each side of the upper and lower jaw, between the in- cisors or cutting teeth and the molars or grinders. [L. caninus; canis, dog.] CANISTER (kan'is-ter), n. 1. Box or case, usually of tin, for holding tea, etc. 2. Metal case containing bullets, which explodes after being fired from a cannon; case-shot; also called canister-shot. [L. canistrum, wicker- basket.] CANKER (kang'ker), n. 1. Pathol. Corroding ulcer; group of small ulcers in the mouth, particularly of children. 2. Disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and fall. 3. Disease in a horse's foot, consisting of a running thrush. 4. Anything that corrupts, consumes, corrodes, or destroys. [L. cancer, crab, gangrene.] CANKER (kang'ker), v. [pr.p. CANKERING; p.t. and p.p. CANKERED (kang'kerd).] I. vt. I. Eat into, corrupt, or destroy. 2. Infect or pollute. 3. Make sour and ill-conditioned. II. vi. Grow corrupt; become ill-conditioned; ulcerate. CANKERED (kang'kerd), a. 1. Corroded. 2. Venomous; malignant. 3. Crabbed. CANKEROUS (kang'ker-us), a. Corroding like a canker. CANKER-WORM ( kang'ker- wiirm), n. Worm that cankers or eats into plants. CANKERY (kang'ker-i), a. Affected with can- ker; cankerous. CANNA (kan'a), n. 1. Genus of reed-like plants, having large leaves and beautiful red or yellow flowers. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus. [L., reed.] CANNABIS (kan'a-bis), n. Genus of plants of the nettle family; hemp. [See BHANG, KEMP.] [L., hemp.] CANNEL, CANNEL-COAL (kan'el-kol), n. Bitu- minous coal of fine texture and little luster that burns with a bright flame. [Probably from CANDLE, because of the similarity in burning.] CANNER (kan'er), n. One who cans. CANNERY (kan'er-i), n. Place where fruits, etc., are canned. C/ANNES (kan), n. Seaport and health resort, France, 20 m. S. W. of Nice. CANNIBAL (kan'i-bal), I. n. 1. Person who eats human flesh. 2. Animal that eats the flesh of Its own kind. II. a. Pertaining to or of the nature of cannibals or cannibalism. [Sp. canibal; from Caribals, Caribs, native name of the Westlndian Islanders, who ate humanflesh. ] CANNIBALISM (kan'i-bal-izm), n. Practice of eating human flesh by mankind, or flesh of Its own species by any animal. CANNON (kan'un), n. [pi. CAN'NON or CAN'- NONS.] Heavy gun, or piece of artillery, used for firing large projectiles, and usually mounted on a carriage, rampart, or the deck of a war- vessel. [Fr. canon; from L. canna, reed.] CANNON (kan'un), n. and v. Billiards, Term used in England for CAROM. CANNONADE (kan-un-ad'), n. Continued at- tack with cannon; rapid discharge of cannon. CANNONADE (kan-un-ad'), vt. [pr.p. CAN- NONA 'DING; p.t. and p.p. CANNONADED.] Attack or batter with cannon. CANNON-BALL (kan'un-bal), n. Large iron ball or other projectile used in smooth-bore ordnance. CANNON-BONE (kan'un-bon), n. Long bone between the knee and the foot of a horse. CANNONEER, CANNONIER (kan-un-er'), n. Gunner or artilleryman. CANNON-SHOT (kan'un-shot), n. 1. Cannon- ball. 2. Distance to which a cannon will throw a projectile. CANNOT (kan'not). Can not; can't. CANNULA (kan'u-la), n. Surgical tube, espe- cially one enclosing a trocar or perforator. [L., dim. of canna, reed.] CANNULAR (kan'u-lar), a. Tubular. CANNY (kan'i), a. 1. Knowing; shrewd; thrifty. 2. Having supernatural power. [Sc] CANOE (ka-no'), n. 1. Boat made of the hollow trunk of a tree, or of bark or skins. 2. Small boat propelled by paddling. CANOE (ka-no'), vi. [pr.p. CANOEING; p.t. and p.p. CANOE© (ka-nod').] Row or paddle a canoe. [Sp. canoa.] CANON, CANYON (ka-nyon' or kan'yun), n. Deep gorge or ravine between high and steep banks, worn by watercourses. [Sp. canon; from cana, tube.] CANON (kan'un), n. 1. General rule. 3. Law or rule in ecclesiastical matters. 3. That which is established by rule. 4. Person bound by rule. 5. Standard; criterion. 6. Clerical dignitary belonging to a cathedral, enjoying special emoluments, and obliged to reside there part of the year. 7. Book of Scriptures accepted by the Church as genuine. 8. Music. Species of musical composition, a kind of continual fugue. 9. Surg. Instrument used for sewing up wounds. 10. Size of type equal to four-line pica. [A. S.; from L.; from Gr. kanon, rule.] CANONESS (kan'un-es), n. Female beneficiary of a regular religious college. CANONIC (ka-non'ik), CANONICAL (ka-non'- ik-al), a. 1. According to or included In the canon. 2. Regular. 3. Ecclesiastical. CANONICALLY (ka-non'ik-ai=i), adv. In a manner conformable to the canon. CANONICALNESS (ka-non'ik-al-nes), n. Qual- ity of being canonical. CANONICALS (ka-non'ik-alz), n.pl. Official fat©, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. CANONICATE 183 CANTON dress of the clergy, regulated by the church canons. CANONICATE (ka-non'i-kat), n. Office of a canon. CANONICITY (kan-un-ls'i-ti), n. Quality of belonging to or agreeing with the canon. ^ CANONIST (kan'un-ist), n. One versed in the canon law. CANONIZATION (kan-un-i-za'shun), n. Act of canonizing. CANONIZE (kan'un-Iz),v*. [pr.p. CAN'ONIZING; p.t. and p.p. CANONIZED (kan'un-izd).] 1. Raise to rank of a saint. 2. Recognize or sanction as canonical. CANONRT (kan'un-ri), n. Same as CANONI- CATE. CANOPIED (kan'o-pid), a. Covered or furnished with a canopy. CaNOPUS (ka-no'pus), n. Astron. Bright star in the southern constellation, Argo navis. [L., from Gr. Kanobos, city of ancient Egypt.] CANOPY (kan'o-pi), n. [pi. CAN'OPIES.] 1. Covering over a throne or bed. 2. Covering of state stretched over the head. 3. Any natural arch or covering, as the sky. 4. Arch. Ornamental arched or roof-like projection over a doorway, niche, window, etc. 5. In Gothic architecture, an ornament covering over a tomb or altar, whether projecting from the wall or otherwise. [Fr. canape; from Gr. konopeion, mosquito curtain; kdnops, mos- quito.] CANOPY (kan'o-pi), vt. [pr.p. CAN'OPYING; p.t. and p.p. CANOPIED (kan'o-pid).] Cover with a canopy. CANOROUS (ka-no'rus), a. Tuneful; melodious; musical. [L. canorus; from cano, sing.] CANT (kant), n. 1. Hypocritical or affected style of speech. 2. Affected use of religious phrases or sentiments. 3. Language peculiar to a sect. 4. Odd or peculiar talk of any kind. [L. cantus, song.] CANT (kant), vi. [pr.p. CANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CANTED.] 1. Talk in an affectedly solemn or hypocritical way. 2. Speak In a conven- tional manner. CANT (kant), a. Of the nature of cant; affected. CANT (kant), n. 1. Inclination from the level; sloping or tilted position. 2. Arch. External angle or quoin of a building. 3. Toss or Jerk producing a slant or tilt. [Dut. kant, edge.] CANT (kant), v. [pr.p. CANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CANT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Turn on the edge or corner; tilt. 2. Throw with a Jerk; toss; flip. II. vi. Fall over; assume a tilted position. CAN'T (kant), v. Contraction in common use for CAN NOT. CANTALEVER (kan'ta-lev-er), n. Same as CANTILEVER. CANTALOUPE, CANTALOUP (kan'ta-lop), n. Small ribbed variety of musk-melon. [Fr.; from It. Cantalupo, Italy.] CANTANKEROUS (kan-tang'ker-us), a. Per- verse in temper; quarrelsome. (Colloq.) CANTATA (kan-ta'ta), n. Music. Poem or dramatic composition set to music, with solos and choruses. [It.] CANTEEN (kan-ten'), n. 1. Drinking-flask used by soldiers. 2. Establishment under military control where liquors and refresh- ments are sold to soldiers; barrack buffet. [Fr. cantinet from It. cantina, cellar.] CANTER (kan'ter), n. Easy gallop. [Originally Canterbury-gallop, from the easy pace at which the pilgrims rode to the shrine at Can- terbury.] CANTER (kan'ter), v. [pr.p. CAN'TERING; p.t. and p.p. CANTERED (kan'terd).] I. vt. Make to canter. II. vi. Move at an easy gallop. CANTER (kant'er), n. One who cants; hypo- critical or conventional talker. CANTERBURY (kan'ter-ber-1), n. City in Eng- land, on Stour River. CANTHARIDES (kan-thar'i-dez), n.pl. Pharm. Spanish flies, used for blistering. [L. canthar- is, beetle; pi. cantharldes.] CANT-HOOK (kant'hok), n. Lever for canting logs. CANTICLE (kan'ti-kl), n. Non-metrical hymn, for chanting. — The Canticles, Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon. [L. canticulum, dim. of canticum, song.] CANTILEVER (kan'ti-ie-ver or kan'ti-lev-er), n. 1. Arch. Large bracket for supporting cor- nices, balconies, etc. 2. Engin. Bracket-like truss, used to support enormous weights. [CANT, external angle, and LEVER.] CANTILEVER-BRIDGE (kan'ti-lev-er-brij), n. Bridge formed by the Joining of two canti- lever trusses projected from opposite direc- tions. Cantilever Bridge over the Mississippi River at Thebes, Illinois. CANTLE (kan'tl), n. 1. Fragment; piece. 2. Protuberant part of the back of a saddle. [O. Fr. cantel; dim. of cant, corner.] CANTO (kan'to), n. [pi. CANTOS (kan'toz).] 1. Section of an extended song or poem. 2. Music. Treble or leading melody. [It.; from L. cantus, song.] CANTON (kan'tun), n. 1. Distinct part or divi- sion, as in the corner of a heraldic shield. 2. Division of territory, constituting in Switzer- land a separate government, in France a subdivision of a department. [It. cantone, corner, district; from canto, corner.] CANTON (kan'tun), v. [pr.p. CAN'TONING; p.t. and p.p. CANTONED (kan'tund).] I. vt. 1. Divide into cantons. 2. Allot quarters to. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf* mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. CANTON 184 CAPER > II. vi. Enter into quarters or cantonments. C ANTON (kan-ton'), n. 1. City and seaport, Chi- na. 2. City, Ohio. Burial place of McKinley. CANTONAL (kan'tun-al), a. Pertaining to or divided into cantons. CANTONMENT (kan'tun-ment), n. 1. Tem- porary quarters of troops when taking part In maneuvers or active operations. 2. In India, military town or station. [Fr. cantonne- ment.] CANUCK (ka-nuk'), »• Canadian. (Colloq.) CANVAS (kan'vas), n. 1. Originally, kind of coarse unbleached linen cloth, used for sifting. 2. Strong, coarse cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton, used for sails, tents, awnings, etc. 3. Art. Ground of a painting, or the painting itself. 4. Fabric woven regularly in little squares, used for working tapestry with the needle. 5. Sail. [O. Fr. canevas; from L. cannabis, hemp.] CANVAS-BACK (kan'vas -bak), n. North American duck, very good eating, its back ashy white, crossed by broken, zigzag, dark lines. CANVASS (kan'vas), v. [pr.p. CAN'VASSING; p.t. and p.p. CANVASSED (kan' vast).] I. vt. 1. Examine carefully; scrutinize; scan. 2. Debate; discuss. 3. Traverse for the pur- pose of soliciting votes or support for candi- dates or party. II. vi. Go about to solicit votes, interest, or orders. [From CANVAS.] SYN. Sift; examine; investigate; explore; Inspect; analyze; dispute; agitate; con- trovert; ventilate; bespeak; solicit. ANT. Allow; ignore; pass. CANVASSER (kan'vas-er), n. 1. One who scrutinizes the returns of votes at an election. 2. One who solicits votes. 3. One who solicits orders for goods, books, etc. CANYON (kan'yun), n. Same as CANON. CANZONE (kan-zo'na), n. Music. Air in two or three parts. [It., song.] CANZONET (kan-zo-net), n. Music. Short air or song. [It. canzonetta, dim. of canzone.] CAOUTCHOUC (k6-chok'), n. Highly elastic Juice or gum of a plant which grows in South America and Asia; india-rubber; gum elastic. [Fr.; from Caribbean cahuchu.'] CAP (kap), n. 1. Woman's head-dress of muslin, or similar material. 2. Any kind of un- brimmed covering for the head. 3. Cap-like covering of any kind; cover; closely-fitting top. [A. S. cceppe; from L. L. cappa, cape or hood.] CAP (kap), vt. [pr.p. CAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CAPPED (kapt).] 1. Put a cap on, as the official cap of a degree in some colleges. 2. Cover with a cap or tip. 3. Outdo or surpass. 4. Consummate; complete. CAPABILITY (ka-pa-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. CAPA- BILITIES.] Capableness; capacity. CAPABLE (ka'pa-bl), a. 1. Having ability, power or skill. 2. Qualified; competent. [Fr., from L. L. capabilis; L. capio, take.] SYN. Adapted; suited; qualified; fitted; susceptible; able; competent, skillful; effi- cient; gifted. ANT. Incapable; ineffi- cient; incompetent. CAPABLENESS (ka'pa-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being capable. CAPABLY (ka'pa-bli), adv. In a capable man- ner. CAPACIOUS (ka-pa'shus), a. 1. Holding much. 2. Wide; large; extensive. 3. Comprehensive; broad; liberal. [L. capax; from capio, hold.] CAPACIOUSLY (ka-pa'shus-li), adv. In a ca- pacious manner; largely; liberally. CAPACIOUSNESS (ka-pa'shus-nes), n. Quality of being capacious; capacity; extent. CAPACITATE (ka-pas'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. CAPAC- ITATING; p.t. and p.p. CAPACITATED.] Make capable; render eligible. CAPACITY (ka-pas'i-ti), w. [pi. CAPACITIES.] 1. Power or ability of receiving, holding, supporting, containing, or carrying. 2. Power of producing; capabilitj'. 3. Ability of mind to receive. 4. State or condition of fitness or preparation for any act. 5. Position or con- dition of being; character. 6. Legal qualifica- tion or competence. [Fr. capacite; from L. capacitas; from capax, capacious.] CAPANEUS (ka-pa'ne-us), n. Greek Myth. One of seven heroes who fought against Thebes; struck dead by Zeus (Jupiter) for his impiety. CAP-A-PIE (kap-a-pe'), adv. From head to foot, referring to arming, as a knight. [O. Fr. cap a pie; from L. caput, head, and pes, foot.] CAPARISON (ka-par'i-sun), n. 1. Decorative covering for a horse; showy trappings of a war-horse or charger. 2. Showy dress and ornaments generally. [O. Fr. caparasson; from Sp. caparazon, augmentative of capa, cape, cover; from L. L. cappa, cape.] CAPARISON (ka-par'i-sun), vt. [pr.p. CAPAR'- ISONING; p.t. and p.p. CAPARISONED (ka- par'i-sund).] 1. Put a caparison or capari- sons on, as a horse or charger. 2. Clothe with rich and showy apparel. CAPE (kap), n. 1. Covering for the shoulders attached as a tippet to a coat or cloak. 2. Kind of small cloak covering the shoulders. [O. Fr. ; from L. L. cappa, cape.] CAPE (kap), n. Head or point of land extending into the sea; headland. [Fr. cap; from L. caput, head.] CAPE COD (kap kod). Peninsula on S. side of Massachusetts Bay. CAPE COLONY (kap kol'o-ni). British colony, S. part of S. Africa. CAPE MATTER AS (kap hat'er-as). A dan- gerous cape on coast of North Carolina. Cape Horn (kap ham), s. point of s. America. Also called The Horn. Cape of Good Hope. Africa, 30 m. s. of Cape Town. Altitude 1,000 feet. CAPER (ka'per), n. Bot. Flower-bud of the fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CAPER 185 CAPPER caper-shrub ( Capparis spinosa) and plants of allied species. [Fr. capre; from Ar. Jcabbdr, caper.] CAPER (ka/per), vi. [pr.p. CATERING; p.t. and p.p. CAPERED (ka'perd).] Leap or skip playfully; frisk about. [L. caper, goat.] CAPER (ka'per), n. 1. Frolicsome leap, spring or Jump. 2. Antic; prank. CAPER-RERRY (ka'per-ber-i), n. Fruit of the caper-shrub {Capparis spinosa). CAPERCAILZIE (ka-per-kal'zi), n. Species of grouse, almost equal in size to a turkey, and the largest of the gallinaceous birds of Europe. [Gael, capull coilie, large woodcock.] CAPE TOWN (kap town). Seaport and capital of Cape Colony, on Table Ray. CAPE VERDE (kap verd). Most westerly head- land of Africa. Cape Verde Islands. Group in Atlantic, 320 m. W. of Cape Verde. CAPIAS (ka'pi-as), n. Law. Writ directed against the person, and so called from the commence- ment of the process in the old Latin form. [L. capias, you may take or seize; capio, seize.] CAPILLACEOUS (kap-i-la'shus), a. Hair-like capillary. CAPILLARITY (kap-i-lar'i-ti), n. 1. State or quality of being capillary. 2. Name given to the molecular attractions concerned in cap- illary phenomena. CAPILLARY (kap'i-la- ri), I. n. [pi. CAP'IL- LARIES.] 1. Minute blood vessel. 2. Tube with a hair-like bore. II. a. 1. Pertaining to capillary vessels. 2. Resembling a hair in bore. [L. capillaris; from capillus, hair.] CAPILLIFORM (ka-pil'i- Capillaries. farm), a. Having the form or shape of a hair. CAPILLOSE (kap'i-los), a. Hairy. CAPITAL (kap'i-tal), I. a. 1. Important in the highest degree; chief; principal. 2. Excellent; good or fine in the highest degree. — Capital crime, a crime punishable by death. — Capital punishment, penalty of death. II. n. 1. Chief city of a country. 2. Seat of government of a nation, state, or county. 3. Arch. Head or top of a column or pillar. 4. Print. Large or upper-case letter. — Small capital or small cap., letter similar in form to the large or upper-case letter, but smaller, usually of the height of lower-case letters. [O. Fr. capital; from L. capitalis; caput, head.] CAPITAL (kap'i-tal), n. 1. Money invested in business; amount of assets; stock of a bank, company, tradesman, etc. 2. Store of power or available resources. — Capital stock, ag- gregate amount invested in a stock company; total value of stock at par. [Fr., from L. L. capitate, property.] CAPITALISM (kap'i-tal-izm), n. 1. Condition of possessing capital. 2. Economic system which generates capitalists. CAPITALIST (kap'i-tal-ist), n. One who has capital or wealth. CAPITALIZATION (kap-i-tal-i-za'shun), n. Act of capitalizing. CAPITALIZE ( kap'i-tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. CAPI- TALIZING; p.t. and p.p. CAPITALIZED (kap'- 1-tal-izd).] 1. Convert into capital. 2. Esti- mate or assess the capital value of, as an in- come or annual payment. CAPITALIZE (kap'i-tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. CAPITAL- IZING; p.t. and p.p. CAPITALIZED (kap'i- tal -izd).] 1. Regin with a capital or upper- case letter. 2. Make use of capitals in wri- ting or printing of, as to capitalize the head- lines of an article. CAPITALLY (kap'i-tal-i), adv. 1. Excellently. 2. Ry capital punishment. CAPITAN (kap-i-tan'), n. Captain. — Capitan pacha, chief admiral of the Turkish fleet. [Sp.] CAPITATE (kap-i'tat), a. Bot. Growing in or shaped like a head. CAPITATION (kap-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of numbering by heads. 2. Tax on every head. CAPITOL (kap'i-tul), n. 1. Ruilding at Wash- ington, D. C, where Congress meets. 2. Building in the capital of a state for the use of the Legislature and state officials; state- house. 3. Temple of Jupiter in ancient Rome, built on the Capitoline Hill. [L. Cap- itolium; from caput, head.] CAPITOLINE (kap'i-to-lln), a. Of or pertaining to the Capitol in ancient Rome. CAPITULAR (ka-pit'u-lar), n. 1. Law passed in a chapter or ecclesiastical court. 2. Mem- ber of a chapter. [L. capitulum, chapter; caput, head.] CAPITULARY (ka-pit'u-la-ri), a. Relating or belonging to a chapter in a cathedral. CAPITULATE (ka-pit'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. CAPIT'- ULATING; p.t. and p.p. CAPIT'ULATED.] Yield or surrender on certain conditions or terms. [L.L. capitulatus, p.p. of capitulo, ar- range under heads.] CAPITULATION (ka-pit-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of capitulating. 2. Conditions of surrender. CAPITULUM (ka-pit'u-lum), n. 1. Bot. Close head of sessile flowers, as in Composite. 2. Anat. Head of a bone, especially of a rib. [L. dim. of caput, head.] CAPOCH (ka-poch'), n. Same as CAPOTE. CAPON (ka'pn), n. Chicken cock castrated to improve its flesh for the table. [A. S. capun.] CAPOOR-CUTCHERY (ka-por-kutch'cr-i) , n. East Indian pungent root of the ginger species. CAPOTE (ka-pof), n. 1. Long cloak or mantle worn by women. 2. Cloak or coat with a hood. [Fr., dim. of cape, cape.] CAPPER (kap'er), n. 1. Decoy bidder at an auction. 2. Decoy gambler; bunco steerer. [Sc. capper, spider.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, CAPREOLATE 186 CAPUCHIN ) CAPREOLATE (kap're-o-lat), a. Bot. Winding and clasping with tendrils ; cirrose. [L. capre- olus, tendril; from caper, goat.] CAPRI (ka'pre), n. Island and town, Italy, at the entrance to the Bay of Naples. CAPRICE (ka-pres'), n. 1. Change of humor or opinion without reason; whim; freak. 2. Changeableness; capriciousness. [Fr.] SYN. Fit; humor; fad; fancy; crotchet; vagary. CAPRICIOUS (ka-prish'us), a. Subject to or full of caprice; changeable; whimsical. SYN. Fickle; inconstant; changeful; uncertain; crotchety. ANT. Firm; con- stant; inflexible; unswerving. CAPRICIOUSLY (ka-prish'us-li), adv. In a capricious manner. CAPRICIOUSNESS (ka-prish'us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being capricious. CAPRICORN (kap'ri-karn), n. "The Goat," 10th sign, and 11th constellation in the order of the zodiac. TL. capricornus; from caper, goat, and cornu, horn.] CAPRIOLE (kap'ri-61), n. 1. Leap in the air made by a horse without advancing. 2. Caper in dancing. [O. Fr. capriole; It. capriola, leaping of a kid; capriolo, kid; from L. caper, capra, goat.] CAPSICU3I (kap'si-kum), n. 1. Genus of plants of the nightshade family. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus, or its hot, pungent fruit or seed from which cayenne pepper is made. [L. capsa, case, pod.] CAPSIZE ( kap-siz'), v. [pr.p. CAPSI'ZING; p.t. and p.p. CAPSIZED (kap-sizd').] I. vt. Up- set or overturn. II. vi. Become upset or overturned. [Etym. doubtful; Skeat suggests Sp. cabecear, nod or pitch.] CAPSIZE (kap-siz'), n. Act of capsizing; upset. CAPSTAN (kap'stan), n. Upright windlass turned by spokes so as to wind upon it a cable which draws something, generally the anchor, on board ship. [Fr. caoestan, capestan; from L. capistrutn, halter; capio, hold.] CAPSTONE (kap'ston), n. Arch. Coping. CAPSULAR (kap'su-lar), a. 1. Hollow, like a capsule. 2. Pertaining to a capsule. CAPSULARY (kap'su-la-ri), a. Capsular. CAPSULATE (kap'su-lat), CAPSULATED (kap- su-la-ted), a. Inclosed in a capsule. CAPSULE (kap'sul), n. 1. Bot. Any dry de- hiscent seed vessel, internally consisting of one or more cells. 2. Anat. Membranous envelope or sac, as the capsule of the crystal- line lens. 3. Chem. Small shallow vessel. 4. Med. Small gelatinous case for inclosing a nauseous dose of medicine, so as to allow it to be swallowed without being tasted. 5. Metallic cap or cover for the mouth of a bottle. 6. Shell of a metallic cartridge. [Fr. ; from L. capsula, dim. of capsa, case.] CAPTAIN (kap'tin), n. 1. Commander of a company of infantry or troop of cavalry. 2. Commander of a war-ship or master of any ship or vessel. 3. Leader or successful man- ager on a large scale, in any line of business, as captain of finance, etc. 4. Generally, any head or chief officer, as the overseer of a mine, leader of a team or club, etc. [O. Fr. captaine; from L. L. capitanus, chief; from L. caput, head.] CAPTAINCY (kap'tin-si),n. [pi. CAP'TAINCIES.] Rank or commission of a captain. CAPTAIN-GENERAL (kap-tin-jener-aD, n. Mil- itary commander of a Spanish province or other large territorial division. CAPTAINSHIP (kap'tin-ship), n. 1. Rank or commission of a captain. 2. Skill in com- manding. CAPTION (kap'shun), n. 1. Heading of a chapter or other division of a book or docu- ment. 2. Act of taking or seizing. 3. Law. Formal title of a deposition or other legal in- strument showing the authority under which it is executed. [L. captionem; from captus, p.p. of capio, take.] CAPTIOUS (kap'shus), a. 1. Ready to catch at faults or take offense; hypercritical. 2. Pro- ceeding from a caviling disposition. 3. Cap- tivating. [L. captiosus; from capto, seize.] CAPTIOUSLY (kap'shus-li), adv. In a captious manner. CAPTIOUSNESS (kap'shus-nes), n. Quality of being captious. CAPTIVATE (kap'ti-vat), vt. [pr.p. CAP'TIVA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CAP'TIVATED.] Charm into subjection; engage the affections of. [L. captivatus, p.p. of captivo, make captive.] SYN. Charm; enchant; entrance; enrap- ture; fascinate; enamor; bewitch. ANT. Annoy; disgust; repel. CAPTIVE (kap'tiv), I. n. 1. Prisoner of war. 2. One held in confinement; prisoner. 3. One who is captivated or enthralled. II. a. 1. Taken or kept prisoner in war. 2. Kept im- prisoned or confined. 3. Charmed or subdued; captivated. [L. captivus; from captus, p.p. of capio, take.] CAPTIVITY (kap-tiv'i-ti), n. State of being captive. CAPTOR (kap'tur), n. One who captures. CAPTURE (kap'tur), vt. [pr.p. CAP'TURING; p.t. and p.p. CAPTURED (kap'turd).] 1. Make captive; take or seize by force and hold. 2. Take as a prize. [L. captura; from captus, p.p. of capio, take.] CAPTURE (kap'tur), n. 1. Act of capturing. 2. Person or thing captured; prisoner; prize. CAPUA (kap'u-a), n. City in Italy, on the Volturno, 27 m. N. of Naples. CAPUCHIN (kap'u-chin or kap-u-shen'), n. 1. One of a branch of Franciscan monks, so called from wearing a pointed cowl or hood at- tached to the ordinary Franciscan coat. 2. [c-] Hooded cloak. 3. [c-] Hooded pigeon. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=c* in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=e/i in Scotch loch. CAPYBARA 187 CARBURETER 4. [c-] Hooded monkey, the back part of whose head is black, the remainder of the body being grayish. [It. cappucino, dim. of cappuccio, cowl.] CAPYBARA (kap-i-bar'a), n. Largest of rodent quadrupeds, native of South America, allied to the guinea-pig. [Brazilian.] CAR (kar), n. 1. Vehicle with flanged wheels for running on a railroad or street railway, as a passenger car, a freight car, a street car, etc. 2. Any one of various forms of carriages, as a triumphal car, a chariot, a motor car, etc. 3. Cage of an elevator. 4. Part of a balloon or airship in which the aeronauts ride. CARABAO (ka-ra-ba'6), n. See WATER-BUF- FALO. CARACAS (ka-ra/kas), n. Capital of Venezuela. CARACK (kar'ak), n. Large and slow-sailing ship of burden. [Sp. carracca.] CARACOLE (kar'a-kol), n. 1. Act of wheeling half round, as a prancing horse. 2. Winding or spiral staircase. [Fr. ; fromSp. caracol, snail.] CARACOLE (kar'a-kol), vt. [pr.p. CARACO- LING; p.t. and p.p. CARACOLED (kar'a-kold).] Turn or wheel half round; prance; curvet. CARAFE (ka-raf), n. Glass water-bottle; de- canter. [Fr.] CARAMEL (kar'a-mel), n. 1. Burnt sugar. 2. Kind of confection, usually of sugar, butter, etc. [Fr.; from Sp. caramelo, sugar lozenge.] CARAPACE (kar'a-pas), CARAPAX (kar'a- paks), n. Hard vaulted shell of the turtle, crab, lobster and other crustaceans. [Fr.; from Sp. carapache.] CARAT (kar 'at), n. 1. Unit of weight for pre- cious stones, equal to about three and one- fifth troy grains. 2. Twenty-fourth part, used to express the fineness of gold. Thus, 24 carats fine, means all gold, 18 carats fine, three-quarters gold. [Fr. ; from Ar. girdt.] CARAVAN (kar'a-van), n. 1. Company of travelers associated together for security in crossing an Oriental desert. 2. Train of wag- ons carrying the outfit and company of a traveling menagerie. 3. Van; house on wheels. [Pers. kdrtodn.] CARAVANSARY (kar-a-van'sa-ri), n. [pi. CARAVANSARIES.] In Oriental countries, a large unfurnished inn, with a spacious court in the middle, for the accommodation of car- avans. [Pers. kdrwdn- sardl — kdrwdn, caravan, and sardl, inn.] CARAVEL (kar'a-vel),n. 1. Light galley-rigged vessel, formerly used in Portugal. [Gr. karabos, light ship.] CARAWAY (kar'a-wa), n. Plant with aromatic seeds used as a tonic and con- diment. [Ar. karwiyd.] CARBACIDOMETER (kar- bas-i-dome-ter), n. In- Caraway. strument for ascertaining amount of carbonic acid gas in the air. CARBIC (kar'bik), n. Hydraulic pressed acety- lene carbide in cylindrical form. CARBIDE (kar'bid), n. Compound formed by the union of carbon with an element, as cal- cium-car&ide; carburet. CARBINE (kar 'bin), n. Short rifle, chiefly used by cavalry. [O. Fr. carabin, little gun.] CARBINEER (kar-bi-ner), n. Soldier armed with a carbine. CARBOAZOTINE (kar-bo-az'o-ten), n. Gun- powder-like explosive to which sulphate of iron has been added. CARBOLATE (kar'bo-lat), vt. [pr.p. CAR'BO- LATING; p.t. and p.p. CAR'BOLATED.] Im- pregnate with carbolic acid. CARBOLIC (kar-bol'ik), a. Of or pertaining to coal-tar. — Carbolic acid, acid produced from coal-tar, used as a disinfectant. [CARBON, and L. oleum, oil.] CARBON (kar'bun), n. 1. Elementary sub- stance, of which the diamond and graphite are forms. 2. Something made of carbon, as the carbon rod of an arc lamp. [L. carbo, car- bonis, coal.] CARBONA (kar-bo'na), n. Carbonate of tin. CARBONACEOUS (kar-bo-na'shus), o. Per- taining to or composed of carbon. CARBONATE (kar'bun-at), n. Chem. Salt of carbonic acid. CARBONATE (kar'bun-at), vt. [pr.p. CAR'BON- ATING; p.t. and p.p. CARBONATED.] Im- pregnate with carbonic acid. CARBONIC (kar-bon'ik), o. Of or pertaining to carbon. — Carbonic acid, acid formed of carbon and oxygen, generally gaseous, and evolved by respiration and combustion. CARBONIFEROUS (kar-bun-if'er-us), a. Pro- ducing or containing carbon. [CARBON and -FEROUS.] CARBONIZATION (kar-bun-i-za'shun), n. Act or process of carbonizing. CARBONIZE (kar'bun-iz), vt. [pr.p. CARBON- IZING; p.t. and p.p. CARBONIZED (kar'bun- izd).] 1. Convert into carbon. 2. Coat with carbon. 3. Carbonate. CARBORUNDUM (kar-bo-run'dum), n. Carbon and silicon, compounded in the electric furnace and used for grinding and other purposes. CARBOY (kar'boy), n. Large globular bottle protected by wickerwork or a box. [Pers. quardba.'] CARBUNCLE (kar'bung-kl), n. 1. Gem of a deep red color; variety of garnet. 2. Inflamed ulcer; anthrox. [L. carbunculus, dim. of carbo, coal.] CARBURET (kar'bu-ret), vt. [pr.p. CARBU- RETING; p.t. and p.p. CARBURETED.] Im- pregnate with carbon; carburize. CARBURET (kar'bu-ret), n. Same as CAR- BIDE. CARBURETER (kar'bu-ret-er), CARBURETOR fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CARBURIZATION 188 CAREFULLY > (kar'bu-ret-ur), n. Carburizing chamber of an automobile. CARBURIZATION (kar-bu-ri-zashun), n. Act or process of carburizing. CARBURIZE (kar'bu-riz), vt. [pr.p. CARBU- RIZING; p.t. and p.p. CARBIRIZED (kar- bu-rlzd).] Impregnate with carbon, as by mixing gasoline vapor with air in a carbu- reter. CARCANET (kar'ka-net), n. Collar of jewels. [Dim. of Fr. cacan, collar.] CARCASS, CARCASE (kar'kas), n. 1. Dead body of an animal. 2. Body of a living per- son or animal. 3. Frame or main parts of any structure, as the ribs of a ship. 4. Kind of bombshell. [Fr. carcasse, skeleton.] CARD (kard), n. 1. Piece of pasteboard on which are written, printed, or painted, words, sym- bols, etc., as a visiting card, playing card, picture card, etc. 2. Small oblong piece of fine cardboard for various uses. 3. Published notifi- cation, containing a brief announcement. 4. [pi.] Game played with playing cards. — Draw- ing card, attractive feature, as of a theater, opera, etc. [Fr. carte; from L. charta; Gr. charte, paper.] CARD (kard), n. 1. Instrument for combing wool, flax, etc. 2. Kind of currying tool. [Fr. carde; from L. carduus, thistle.] CARD (kard), vt. [pr.p. CARDING; p.t. and p.p. CARDED.] Comb with a card. CARDAMOM (kar'da-mom), n. Aromatic pun- gent seed, produced by various plants of the ginger family. [L. cardamomum; from Gr. kardamomon.] CARDBOARD (kard'bord), n. Stiff, finely fin- ished pasteboard. CARDEL (kar 'del), n. Naut. Large 64-gallon cask used on whaling vessels. CARDER (kard'er), n. One who or that which cards. CARDIAC (kar'di-ak), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the heart. 2. Cordial; reviving; stimu- lating. II. n. Medicine which acts as a stimulant or tonic by acting on the heart through the stomach. [L. cardiacus; Gr. kar- diakos; from kardia, heart.] CARDIALGIA (kar-di-al'ji-a), CARDIALGY (kar-di-al'ji), n. Pathol. Uneasy sensation or burning pain at the upper orifice of the stom- ach, apparently at the heart; heartburn. [Gr. kardia, heart, and algos, pain.] CARDIFF (kar-dif), ». Seaport, Glamorgan- shire, Wales, on Severn River. CARDIGAN (kardi-gan), n. Knitted jacket, named from Earl of Cardigan (1797-1868). CARDINAL (kar'di-nal), I. a. 1. Denoting that on which a thing hinges or depends; chief; principal. 2. Of a deep scarlet color, like a cardinal's cloak. — Cardinal numbers, num- bers expressing how many, as one, two, three, etc. — Cardinal points, the four chief points of the compass: north, south, east, and west. — Cardinal virtues, justice, prudence, temper- ance, and fortitude. II. n. 1. One of the body of seventy ecclesiastical princes constituting the sacred college at Rome, to whom pertains the right of electing a new pope. 2. Deep scarlet color. 3. Red cloak formerly worn by women. [Fr. ; from L. cardinalis; cardo, cardinis, hinge.] CARDINALATE (kar'di-nal-at), CARDINAL- SHIP (kar'di-nal-ship), n. Office or rank of a cardinal. CARDIOGRAM (kar'di-o-gram), n. The tracing made by a cardiograph. [Gr. kardia, heart, and gramma, writing.] CARDIOGRAPH (kar'di-o-graf), n. Machine which records by tracings on paper, the move- ments of the heart. [Gr. kardia, heart, and grapho, write.] CARDIOLOGY (kar-di-ol'o-ji), n. Science treat- ing of the heart, its functions and diseases. [Gr. kardia, heart, and -LOGY.] CARDIOPLEGIA (kar-di-o-pleji-a), n. Pathol. Sudden heart failure. CARDIOTOMY (kar-di-ot'o-mi), n. Surg. Dis- section of the heart. [Gr. kardia, heart, and tome, a cutting.] CARDITIS (kar-di'tis), n. Inflammation of the serous membranes of the heart. [Gr. kardia, heart, and suffix -ITIS.] CARDOON (kar-don), n. Perennial plant, the prickly artichoke of the Mediterranean region. [O. Fr.; from L. carduus, thistle.] CARE (kar), n. 1. Anxiety; solicitude. 2. Charge; oversight. 3. Caution; heed. 4. Regard; observant respect. 5. Object of anxiety or concern. [A. S. caru.] SYN. Concern; trouble; vexation; atten- tion; pains; vigilance; carefulness; circum- spection; watchfulness; superintendence; direction; management. ANT. Indifference; neglect; carelessness. CARE (kar), vi. [pr.p. CARING; p.t. and p.p. CARED (kard).] 1. Be anxious. 2. Be in- clined. 3. Have regard. 4. Have inclination or desire. 5. Trouble or worry one's self. 6. Mind; object. CAREEN (ka-ren'), v. [pr.p. CAREENING; p.t. and p.p. CAREENED (ka-rend').] Naut. I. vt. Cause to keel over, as a ship. II. vi. In- cline to one side under press of sail. [Fr. carcne; from L. carina, keel.] CAREEN (ka-ren), n. Position of a ship turned over on one side. CAREER (ka-rer'),n. 1. Course or line of life. 2. Course or period of activity. 3. Race; rapid course; swift motion. [Fr. carriere, race course.] CAREER (ka-rer), vi. [pr.p. CAREER'ING; p.t. and p.p. CAREERED (ka-rerd').] Move or run very rapidly. CAREFUL (kar'fol), a. 1. Watchful; circum- spect. 2. Provident; exact; attentive. CAREFULLY(kar'fol-i), adv. In a careful manner. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met. her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CAREFULNESS 189 CARNIFY CAREFULNESS (kar'fol-nes), n. Quality of be- ing careful. CARELESS (kar'les), a. 1. Without care; heed- less; unconcerned. 2. Free from care; light- hearted. 3. Offhand; unstudied; easy; free. SYN. Negligent; thoughtless; unthink- ing; regardless; incautious; remiss; forget- ful; unmindful; inattentive; listless; incon- siderate; unguarded. ANT. Heedful; at- tentive; watchful; cautious; circumspect. CARELESSLY (kar'les-li), adv. In a careless manner. CARELESSNESS (kar'les-nes), n. Quality of being careless. CARESS (ka-res'), n. Act or expression of en- dearment; fondling touch; embrace. [Fr. caresser; from L. carus, dear.] CARESS (ka-res'), v. [pr.p. CARESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CARESSED (ka-rest').] I. vt. 1. Treat with affection. 2. Fondle. 3. Em- brace. II. vi. Join in a reciprocal caress. CARET (kar'et), n. Mark [A] used in writing to show where some omitted word or words should be placed. [L. card, there is wanting.] CAREWORN (kar'worn), a. Worn out with care; anxious. CARGO (kar'go), n. What a ship carries; ship's load or lading. [Sp., from cargar, load.] CARIB (kar'ib), n. One of a native race inhabit- ing parts of Central America, now almost ex- tinct. [Sp., cannibal.] CARIBBEAN (kar-ib-be'an) SEA. Atlantic Ocean between West Indies and South and Central America. CARIBOU (kar'i-bo), n. American reindeer. [Cana- dian Fr.] CARICATURE (kar'i-ka-tur), n. 1. Representation or de- scription of anything so ex- aggerated or distorted as to appear ridiculous. 2. Act Caribou (Rangifer of caricaturing. [Fr.; from caribou). L. carrus, scar.] CARICATURE (kar'i-ka-tur), vt. [pr.p. CARI- CATURING; p.t. and p.p. CARICATURED (kar'i-ka-turd).] Turn into ridicule by over- doing a likeness of; burlesque. CARICATURIST (kar'i-ka-tur-ist), n. One who caricatures. CARIEI> (ka'rid), CARIOUS (ka'ri-us), a. Pathol. Decayed, as a caried bone or tooth. CARIES (ka'ri-ez), n. Pathol. Rottenness or decay of a bone or of a tooth. [L.] CARINA (ka-ri'na),n. Bot. 1. 3Iedium ridge on the mericarp of an umbelliferous fruit. 2. Keel of a papilionaceous flower. [L., keel.] CARINATE (kar'i-nat), a. Keel-shaped. [L. carinatus; from carina, keel.] CARINTHIA (ka-rin'thi-a), n. Duchy, Austria. Area 3,987 sq. m. CARIOLE (kar'i-61), n. Small open carriage or cart. [Fr.; from L. carrus, car.] CARIOUS (ka'ri-us), a. Decayed, as teeth; ca- ried. CARKING (kark'ing), a. Distressing; causing anxiety. [A. S. cearig; from caru, cearu, care.] CAR-LOAD (kar'lod), n. As much as a car can hold. CARLSBAD (karlz'bad), n. City, Bohemia, 68 in. W. by N. of Prague. Carlsruhe, Karlsruhe (kariz-ro'e), n. City, capital of Baden. CARMAGNOLE (kar-ma-nyol'), n. Popular song and dance of the French Revolution. [Fr. ; from Carmagnola in Piedmont.] CARMAN (kar'man), n. [pi. CARMEN.] Man who drives a car or cart. Car?»IEL (kar'mel), n. Range of hills in Pal- estine, between Esdraelon and the sea. CARMELITE (kar'mel-It), n. Friar of order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, in Syria. CARMINATIVE (kar-min'a-tiv), I. o. Med. Tending to relieve flatulence and pain in the bowels. II. n. Medicine to relieve flatulence, such as cardamoms, ginger, peppermint, and other stimulating aromatics. [L. carminatus, p.p. of carmimo, charm away; carmen, song, charm.] CARMINE (kar'min), n. 1. Crimson pigment from cochineal. 2. Crimson color. [Fr.] CARNAGE (kar'naj), n. 1. Great slaughter; massacre. 2. Bodies of the slain. [Fr.;from L. caro, carnis, flesh.] CARNAL (kar'nal), a. 1. Sensual; fleshly. 2. Natural as opposed to the spiritual. [L. car' nalis, from caro, carnis, flesh.] CARNALIST (kar'nal-ist), n. Sensualist; world- ling. CARNALITY (kar-nal'i-ti), n. State or quality of being carnal. CARNALIZE (kar'nal-iz), vt. [pr.p. CARNAL- IZING; p.t. and p.p. CARNALIZED (kar'nal- izd).] Render carnal; debase carnally; sen- sualize. CARNALLY (kar'nal-i), adv. In a carnal man- ner. CARNAL-MINDED (kar'nal-mind-ed), a. Hav- ing one's mind engrossed by things of this world; worldly-minded. CARNATION (kar-na'shun), n. 1. Flesh-color; light rosy pink. 2. Bot. General name for garden varieties of the pink, Dianthus Caryo- phyllus. [L. carnatio, fleshiness.] CARNELIAN (kar-ne'li-an), n. Name given to the finer varieties of chalcedony, blood-red, flesh-color, reddish-brown, reddish-white, or yellow, more rarely milk-white. [Fr. coma- line; from L. cornu, horn.] CARNEOUS (kar'ne-us), a. Consisting of or like flesh. [L. carneus; from caro, flesh.] CARNIFY (kar'ni-fi), v. [pr.p. CAR'NDJYING; p.t. and p.p. CARNIFIED (kar'ni-fid).] I. vt. Form into flesh. II. vi. 1. Form flesh. 2. Change to a flesh-like consistence. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u-u in' Scotch' gude; oil, owl, Men, kli=cA in Scotch loch. CARNIOLA 190 CARRIAGE > CARNIOLA (kar-ni-6'la), n. Duchy, Austria (Ger. Krain). Area 3,847 sq. m. CARNIVAL (kar'ni-val), n. 1. Festival of gaiety observed during the week before the beginning of Lent, especially at Nice, Naples, and Rome. 2. Any season of revelry and indulgence. [L. caro, carnis, flesh, and levo, put away.] CARNIVORA (kar-niv'o-ra), n. pi. Zool. Order of flesh-eating animals. [L., neut. pi. of car- nivorus, flesh-devouring; froin caro, carnis, flesh, and vorus, devouring.] CARNIVORE (kar'ni-vor), n. 1. Carnivorous animal; one of the Camivora. 2. Insectivor- ous plant. CARNIVOROUS (kar-niv'o-rus), a. Flesh-eat- ing. [L. carnivorus. See CARNIVORA.] CARNOTITE (kar 'no-tit), n. Vanadate of ura- nium, potassium with other chemicals. CAROB (kar'ob), n. Evergreen leguminous tree, growing wild in countries bordering the Medi- terranean, or its seed-pod filled with a mealy, succulent pulp; also called algaroba-bean. [Fr. caroube; from Ar. kharrubah, bean- pod.] CAROL (kar'ul), n. Joyous song or singing, as of a bird. 2. Song of praise. [O. Fr. carole.] CAROL (kar'ul), v. [pr.p. CAR'OLING; p.t. and p.p. CAROLED (kai'uld).] I. vt. 1. Utter joy- fully in song. 2. Praise or celebrate in song. II. vi. 1. Sing joyously; warble. 2. Sing a carol. Caroline (kar'o-iin) Islands. Group in n. Pacific, sold to Germany by Spain in 1899. CAROM (kar'um), n. 1. Stroke in billiards by which the cue ball is driven against two other balls in succession. 2. The successive impact. In England called cannon. [Fr. car- anibole.] CAROM (kar'um), vi. [pr.p. CAR'OMING; p.t. and p.p. CAROMED (kar'umd).] Make a carom. CAROTID (ka-rot'id), I. n. Anat. Artery which conveys the blood from the aorta to the head, there being one on each side of the neck. II. a. Of or pertaining to one or both of the ca- rotids. [Gr. karotides; from karos, sleep.] CAROUSAL ( ka-rowz 'al), n. Boisterous merry- making; drinking bout; carouse. SYN. Revel; wassail; orgy; spree. CAROUSE (ka-rowz'), n. 1. Noisy revel; drink- ing bout. 2. Bumper, or deep draft of liquor. [0. Fr. carous; Fr. carrouse; from Ger. gar aus, quite out! that is, empty the glass.] CAROUSE (ka-rowz'), vi. [pr.p. CAROUSING; p.t. and p.p. CAROUSED (ka-rowzd').] Hold a drinking bout; drink freely and noisily. CAROUSEL (kar'o-zel), n. Merry-go-round. CAROUSER (ka-rowz'er), n. One who carouses. CAROUSINGLT ( ka-rowz 'ing-li), adv. In a ca- rousing manner; like a carouser. CARP (karp), n. [pi. CARP.] Fresh-water flsh, the Cyprinus cyprio, common in rivers and ponds. [O. Fr. carpe.] CARP (karp), vi. [pr.p, CARP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CARPED (karpt).] Catch at small faults or errors; cavil. [Ice. karpa.] CARPAL (kar'pal), a. Pertaining to the wrist. [Gr. karpos, wrist.] Carpathian (kar-pa'thi-an) Mountains. Range inclosing Hungary. CARPEL (kar'pel), n. Bot. Modified leaf form- ing the whole or part of the pistil of a flower. [Gr. carpos, fruit.] CARPENTER (kar'pen-ter), n. Worker In timber as used in building houses, ships, etc. [O. Fr. carpentier.] CARPENTRY (kar'pen-tri), n. 1. Trade or work of a carpenter. 2. Work done by a carpenter; woodwork. CARPER (karp'er), n. One who carps or cavils. CARPET (kar pet), n. 1. Woven or felted cov- ering of floors, stairs, etc. 2. Anything used for or serving as a carpet, as a floor mosaic. See AxMINSTER, BRUSSELS, INGRAIN. [L. L. carpeta, coarse fabric made from rags pulled to pieces; from L. carpo, pluck.] CARPET (kar 'pet), vt. [pr.p. CAR'PETING; p.t. and p.p. CAR'PETED.] Cover with carpet. CARPETBAG (kar 'pet-bag), n. Traveler's hand- bag or valise, so called because formerly made of carpeting. CARPETBAGGER (kar'pet-bag-er), n. One who comes to a place for political or other ends, carrying his whole property qualification for citizenship with him in his carpetbag. CARPET-BEETLE (kar'pet-be-tl), n. Beetle (Anthrenus scrophulariai), whose larvas feed on, and are very destructive to, woolen carpets. CARPETING (kar'pet-ing), n. 1. Material of which carpets are made. 2. Carpets in gen- eral. CARPET-KNIGHT (kar'pet-nit), n. One whose deeds of valor are done, not on the field of bat- tle, but in the drawing-room. CARPOLOGY (kar-pol'o-ji), n. Branch of bot- any which treats of the structure of fruits and seeds. [Gr. karpos, fruit, and -LOGY.] CARPOPHORE (kar'pd-for), n. Bot. 1. A slen- der column or prolongation of the axis, bear- ing the carpels, as in the geranium. 2. The stalk of a sporocarp. CARPUS (kar'pus), n. [pi. CARPI (kar'pi).] Anat. Wrist. [L. L.] CARRAGEEN (kar'a-gen), n. Irish moss, ma- rine alga used for making a kind of blanc- mange. [From Carragheen, Ireland, where it is found abundantly.] CARRARA (kar-ra'ra), n. Town in Italy. White marble quarries. CARRIAGE (kar'ij), w. 1. Wheeled vehicle for carrying persons. 2. Any means of convey- ance. 3. Act of carrying. 4. Cost of carry- ing. 5. Behavior; deportment; manners. 6. Management. 7. Arch. Framework which supports the steps of a wooden staircase. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CARRIER 191 CARVE 8. In England, a railway passenger-car. [O. Fr. cartage; from carier; from L. carrus, car.] CARRIER (kar'i-er), w. 1. One who or that which carries anything. 2. One whose busi- ness is to carry goods or persons for hire; common carrier. 3. One whose business is to carry and deliver or distribute articles of any kind, as a letter-carrier, a paper-carrier, etc. CARRIER-PIGEON (kar'i-er-pij-un), n. Pig- eon used for carrying messages; homing pig- eon. CARRION (kar'i-un), I. n. Putrefying flesh; carcass. II. a. Pertaining to or feeding on carrion. [O. Fr. caroigne; from L. caro, flesh.] CARROT (kar'ut), n. 1. Umbelliferous plant, having a tapering root of a reddish or yellow- ish color. 2. The root Itself, which is edible and sweet. [Fr. carotte; L. carota.] CARROTY (kar'ut-i), a. Carrot-colored, refer- ring to the hair. CARRY (kar'i), v. [pr.p. CAR'RYING; p.t. and p.p. CARRIED (kar'id).] I. vt. 1. Convey or transport. 2. Rear about. 3. Support; sus- tain; uphold. 4. Involve; imply. 5. In- fluence; move. 6. Gain or win. 7. Cause to pass; get through, as a bill in Congress. 8. Transfer. 9. Show or display; conduct or behave. 10. Keep for sale; deal in. 11. Extend credit to. II. vi. 1. Act as a carrier or bearer. 2. Have a propelling power. [O. Fr. carier; from L. L. carrico, convey in a cart; L. carrus, car.] CARRY (kar'i), n. [pi. CAR'RIES.] Portage, or place where a boat must be carried overland. CARRY-ALL (kar'i-al), n. Light four-wheeled carriage drawn by one horse. [From CARI- OLE.] CARSON ClTY (kar'sun sit'i). Capital of the State of Nevada. CART (kart), n. 1. Heavy two-wheeled vehicle. 2. Light two-wheeled carriage. [A. S. cr Catapult. CATAPLASM (kat'a-plazm), n. or plaster. [Gr. kataplasma, CATAPULT (kat'a- pult), n. 1. An- ciently, an engine of war resembling the ballista, for throwing stones, arrows, etc. 2. Small forked stick having an elastic string fixed to the two prongs, used by boys for throwing small stones. [L. catapulta; from Gr. kata- peltes; from kata, down, and pall 6, hurl.] CATARACT (kat'a-rakt), n. 1. Great fall of wa- ter; waterfall; falls. 2. Opaque condition of the lens of the eye, causing blindness by ob- structing the passage of the light. [L. cata- racta; from Gr. kata, down, and arasso, dash.] CATARINITE (kat-a-re'nit), n. Mineral com- posed of iron and nickel found in South Amer- ica. CATARRH (ka-tar'), «. Morbid secretion or dis- charge of fluid from inflammation of a mucous membrane, especially of the nose. [L. catar- rhus; Gr. katarrhoos; kata, down, rheo, flow.] CATARRHAL (ka-tar'al), a. Pertaining to or arising from a catarrh. CATASTROPHE (ka-tas'tro-fe), n. 1. Final event. 2. Dramatic denouement. 3. Great calamity. 4. Geol. Cataclysm. [Gr., from kata, down, and strepho, turn.] CATBEAM (kat'bem), n. Naut. Longest beam of a vessel determining breadth of beam. CATBIRD (kat'berd), n. Small slate-colored American bird of the thrush fam- ily, allied to the mocking- bird. C A T B O A T (kat'bot), «. Small boat with one sail. CAT-CALL (kat'kal), h. 1. Shrill whistle or cry. 2. Squeaking instrument Catbird. formerly used at plays to express dislike. CATCH (kach), v. [pr.p. CATCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CAUGHT (kat).] I. vt. 1. Take hold of. 2. Seize after a pursuit. 3. Trap or ensnare. 4. Come upon suddenly or by surprise. 5. Arrive in time for. 6. Stop the progress or motion of. 7. Apprehend or understand. 8. Please; take the affections of; charm; attract. 9. Take by infection, contagion, exposure, etc.; contract; incur; take. 10. Take up by sympathy or imitation. II. vi. 1. Become fastened or attached suddenly. 2. Act as catcher in a game of ball. 3. Spread epidem- ically, as by contagion or infection. [O. Fr. cachier; from L. L. cacio, chase; from L. capto, freq. of capio, take or seize.] SYN. Seize; take; arrest; overtake; un- derstand; comprehend; contract. ANT. Lose; miss; escape; misapprehend. CATCH (kach), n. 1. Act of catching. 2. Any- thing that seizes or holds. 3. That which is caught. 4. Anything worth catching. 5. Sudden advantage taken; artifice; trick. 6. Snatch, or short intervals of action. 7. Music. Song, the parts of which are caught up in suc- cession by different singers. 8. Pun. CATCHABLE (kach'a-bl), a. Capable of being caught. CATCH-BASIN (kach'ba-sin), n. Reservoir at the discharge of a pipe into a sewer. CATCHER (kach'er), n. 1. One who or that which catches. 2. In baseball, the player behind the batter. CATCHING (kach'ing), I. n. 1. Act of seizing or taking hold of. 2. Pathol. Nervous or spas- modic twitching. II. a. 1. Infectious 2. Captivating; attractive. CATCHMENT (kach'ment), n. Drainage. CATCHPENNY (kach'pen-i), n. [pi. CATCH'- PENNIES.] Any worthless thing, intended merely to catch purchasers, also used adjec- tively. CATCHUP (kach'up), CATSUP (kat'sup), KETCHUP (kech'up), n. Sauce for flavoring soups, meats, etc., made of tomatoes, mush- rooms, etc. [East Ind. kitjap.] CATCHWORD (kach'wurd), n. 1. Word used to attract attention. 2. Among actors, the last word of the preceding speaker; cue. 3. Word at the head of the page or column in a diction- ary or encyclopedia. 4. Print. First word of a page given at the bottom of the preceding page. 5. Watchword. CATCHY (kach'i), a. 1. Attractive. 2. Music. Readily caught up, as a catchy air. CATECHESIS (kat-e-ke'sis), n. Primary oral instruction in theology, as that given to cate- chumens. [L. — Gr. katechesis, oral instruc- tion.] CATECHETIC (kat-e-ketik), CATECHETICAL (kat-e-ket'ik-al), a. Relating to a catechism or oral instruction in the first principles, es- pecially of theology or religion. CATECHETICS (kat-e-ket'iks), n. That part of theology which treats of catechesis. CATECHISE (kat'e-kiz), vt. [pr.p. CATECHI- SING; p.t. and p.p. CATECHISED (kat'e- klzd).] 1. Instruct by question and answer. 2. Question as to belief. 3. Examine system- atically; question closely. [Gr. katechizo; kata, down, and echo, sound.] CATECHISER (kat'e-ki-zer), n. One who cate- chises. CATECHISM (kat'e-kizm),n. 1. Any compendi- ous system of teaching drawn up in the form of questionsand answers. 2. Elementarybook containing a summary of principles, especially fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, ix=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch iu Scotch loch. CATECHIST 197 CATION In religion, reduced to the form of questions and answers. CATECHIST (kat'e-kist), n. Catechiser. CATECHU (kat'e-cho), n. Substance used in tanning and dyeing, and medicinally as an astringent, obtained from the heart-wood of several East Indian trees, as the betel-nut, etc. [Tamil.] CATECHUMEN (kat-e-ku'men), n. 1. One who is being taught the rudiments of Christianity. 2. Beginner in any art or science. [Gr. kate- choumenos; kata, doAvn, and echo, sound.] CATEGORICAL (kat-e-gor'ik-al), a. Without exception; positive; absolute. CATEGORICALLY (kat-e-gor'ik-al-i) 9 adv. Ab- solutely; without qualification; expressly. CATEGORY (kat'e-go-ri), n. [pi. CATEGO- RIES.] 1. What may be affirmed of a class. 2. Class or order. 3. Logic and Philos. One of the predicaments or classes to which the ob- jects of thought or knowledge can be reduced, and by which they can be arranged according to system. [Gr. kategoria, accusation, asser- tion; from kata, down, against, and agora, assembly.] CATENARIAN (kat-e-na'ri-an), a. Pertaining to a catenary. CATENARY (kat'e-na-ri), I. n. Curve described by a wire, chain, etc., under its own weight, when stretched between two points Of support. II. a. Catenarian. [L. catenarius, pertain- ind to a chain; from catena, chain.] CATENATE (kat'e-nat), vt. [pr.p. CATENA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CATENATED.] Form into a connected series, like the links of a chain. CATENATION (kat-e-na'shun), n. 1. Act of forming into a continuous series. 2. Regular or connected series. CATER (ka/tgr), vi. [pr.p. CA'TERING; p.t. and p.p. CATERED (ka/terd).'] 1. Provide food, amusement, etc. 2. Humor one's whims or tastes. [L. ad, to, and capto, purchase.] CATERCORNERED (kat'er-karn-erd), a. From corner to corner diagonally; placed diagonally. CATERER (ka'ter-er), n. One who caters; pro- vider. CATERPILLAR (kat'er-pil-ar), n. Larva of a lepidopterous insect. [O. Fr. chatepeleeus, hairy cat.] CATERWAUL (kat'er-wal), n. Squalling of a cat; any similar noise. [CAT and WAUL (imitative of the sound).] CATERWAUL (kat'er-wal), vi. [pr.p. CATER- WAULING; p.t. and p.p. CATERWAULED (kat'er-wald).] 1. Make the peculiar noise as of a cat squalling. 2. Make any similar noise. CAT-FALL (kat'fal), n. Naul. Heavy tackle on ship-board to hoist anchor to cathead. CATFISH (kat'flsh), n. 1. American fresh-water fish of several species; bullhead; horned pout. 2. Wolf-fish or sea-wolf. CATGUT (kat'gut), n. 1. Kind of cord made from the intestines of animals, and used as strings for violins, harps, etc. 2. Violin or other portable stringed instrument. 3. Kind of coarse corded cloth. CATHARTIC (ka-thar'tik), I. a. Tending to purge; cleansing; purgative. II. n. Purging medicine. [Gr. kathartikos; from katJiaros, pure.] CATHEAD (kat'hed), n. Naul. One of two strong beams of timber projecting from the bow of a ship, on each side of the bowsprit, through which the ropes pass by which the anchor is raised. CATHEDRA (kath'e-dra), n. 1. Bishop's throne. 2. Chair or seat of any person in authority. — Ex cathedra, from the throne or seat of authority; officially given forth. [L., from Gr. kathedra, seat.] CATHEDRAL (ka-the'dral), I. n. Principal church of a diocese, in which is the seat or throne of a bishop. II. a. 1. Pertaining or belonging to a cathedral. 2. Authoritative; official. [See CATHEDRA.] CATHETER (kath'e-ter), n. Surg. Tube to be introduced into narrow channels of the body. [Gr. katheter; from kata, down, and hiemi, send.] CATHION (kath'i-on), n. Same as CATION. CATHODE (kath'od), n. Negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery, as opposed to ANODE. — Cathode rays, radiation, emitted from the cathode or negative electrode of a Crookes or X-ray tube. [Gr. kathodos, going down; kata, down, and hodos, way.] CATHODIC (ka-thod'ik), a. Of or pertaining to the cathode. CATHODOGRAPH (ka-thod'o-graf), n. Radio- graph. [CATHODE and -GRAPH.] CAT-HOLE (kat'hol), n. Naut. One of two holes in the after part of a ship, through which haw- sers may pass for steadying the ship or heaving astern. CATHOLIC (kath'o-lik), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church ; Roman Catholic. 2. Pertaining to the Anglican Church; Anglo- Catholic. 3. Pertaining to the whole body of Christians. 4. [c-] Universal; general. 5. Liberal; broad; comprehensive. II. n. 1. Ad- herent of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. Adherent of the Anglican Church. [Gr. kath- olikos, universal; from kata, completely, and holos, whole.] CATHOLICISM (ka-thol'i-sizm),n. 1. The doc- trine or faith of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. Doctrine or faith of the Anglican Church. 3. [c-] Liberality or breadth of view. 4. [c-] Universality. CATHOLICITY (kath-o-lis'i-ti), n. 1. Cathol- icism. 2. [c-] Quality of being catholic. CATION (kat'i-on), n. Electro-positive ion, atom, or radical, into which the molecule of an electrolyte is decomposed by electrolysis. [Gr. kata, down, and ion, pr.p. of ienai, go.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfe in Scotch loch, CATKIN 198 CAUSTIC > Catkin. CATKIN (kat'kin), n. Bot. Crowded spike or tuft of small unisexual flowers with reduced scale-like bracts, as in the wil- low, hazel, etc. [Dim. of CAT.] CATMINT (kat'mint), n. Bot. Same as CATNIP. CATNIP (kat'nip), n. Perennial plant resembling mint, said to be so called from the fondness cats have for it. CAT-O'MOUNTAIN (kat-o- mown'tin), n. Same as CATA- MOUNTAIN. CAT-O'-NINE-TAILS (kat-o-nm'- talz), n. Instrument of punish- ment consisting of a whip with nine tails or lashes, with three or four knots on each one, for- merly used in the British army and navy. CATOPTRIC (kat-op'trik), a. Relating to catop- trics or vision by reflection. CATOPTRICS (kat-op'triks), n. Physics. Branch of optics which treats of reflected light. [Gr. katoptron, mirror.] CAT'S-EYE (kats'i), n. Beautiful variety of quartz, so called from the resemblance which the reflection of light from it bears to the light that seems to emanate from the eyes of a cat. CATSKILL (kats'kil) MOUNTAINS. Group in New York; belong to the Appalachian system. CATSPAW (kats'pa), n. 1. Dupe or tool of an- other. 2. Naut. Light breeze. CATSUP (kat'sup), n. Same as CATCHUP and KETCHUP. CATTAIL (kat'tal),n. Bot. 1. Bulrush. 2. Cat- kin. 3. Timothy. CATTLE (kat'l), n.pl. 1. Bovine animals, as cows, oxen, and bulls. 2. Loosely, also other beasts of pasture, including horses, sheep, etc. [O. Fr. catel, property; L. L. captale, originally capital, property in general, then especially animals; L. capitalis, chief; from caput, head, beasts in early time forming the chief part of property.] CAUCASIAN (ka-kash'yan or ka-ka'zhi-an), I. a. 1. Pertaining to Mount Caucasus or the country around it. 2. Pertaining to the fair type of man. II. n. Fair type of man as op- posed to the Ethiopic and the Mongolic — the black and the yellow. CAUCASUS (ka'ka-sus), n. 1. Division of the Russian Empire, N. of Persia and Asiatic Tur- key, E. of Black Sea, and W. of the Caspian. 2. Range of mountains in Russia, between Black and Caspian seas. CAUCUS (ka'kus), n. Party conference or pre- liminary to agree upon candidates, party meas- ures, etc. [Origin of term doubtful.] CAUDAL (ka'dal), a. Of or pertaining to the tail. [L. cauda, tail.] CAUDATE (ka'dat), a. Having a tail; tailed. C1UDEX (ka'deks), n. [pi. CAUDICES (ka'di- s6z), or CAU'DEXES.] Bot. Stem of a tree, especially of a palm or tree-fern. [L.] CAUDLE (ka'dl), n. Warm drink, sweetened and spiced, for the sick. [O. Fr. chaudel; from L. calidus, hot.] CAUGHT (kat), v. Past tense and past participle Of CATCH. CAUL (kal), n. 1. Membrane covering the head of some infants at their birth. 2. Net for the hair, formerly worn by women. [O. Fr. cale, little cap.] CAULDRON (kal'drun), n. Same as CALDRON. CAULIFLOWER (ka'li-flow-er), n. Variety of cabbage, the edible part of which is the de- formed inflorescence or head. [L. L. cauli- flora; from L. caulis, cabbage, and flos, floris, flower.] CAULIGENOUS (ka-lij'e-nus), a. Bot. Stem- borne while growing. CAULIS (kalis), n. [pi. CAUL'ES (kal'ez).] Bot. Stem of a plant. [L.] CAULK (kak), CAULKER (kak'er), etc. Same as CALK, CALKER, etc. CAUSAL (kaz'al), a. Relating to a cause. CAUSALITY (kaz-al'i-ti), n. [pi. CAUSALI- TIES.] 1. Agency of a cause. 2. Phren. Faculty of tracing effects to their causes. CAUSATION (kaz-a'shun), n. 1. Act of causing. 2. Causative power or agency. CAUSATIVE (kaz'a-tiv), a. 1. Expressing causa- tion. 2. Effective as a cause. CAUSATIVELY (kaz-a-tiv-li), a. In a causative manner. CAUSE (kaz), n. 1. That which produces an effect. 2. That by or through which anything happens. 3. Motive; Inducement. 4. Legal action between contending parties. 5. Sake; advantage. 6. That side of a question which is taken up by an individual or party. 7. Any great principle, enterprise, or movement. 8. Matter; affair in general. [L. causa, cause.] SYN. Origin; source; creator; agent; pro- ducer; agency; reason; incentive; incite- ment; consideration; account; purpose; ob- ject; end; undertaking; enterprise; suit; action; case; concern; business. ANT. Ef- fect; result; end; issue; preventive. CAUSE (kaz), vt. [pr.p. CAUSING; p.t. and p.p. CAUSED (kazd).] 1. Make to exist. 2. Bring about. 3. Induce or compel to. CAUSELESS (kaz'les), a. Having no cause or occasion. CAUSER (kaz'er), n. One who causes an effect to be produced. CAUSEWAY (kaz'wa), n. 1. Raised way through a marsh. 2. Pathway raised and paved with stone. [From root of Fr. chausee, embankment.] CAUSTIC (kas'tik), I. a. 1. Burning; corrosive. 2. Sharp; bitter; cutting; sarcastic. 3. Math. Noting a curve to which the rays of light, re- flected or refracted by another curve, are tan- gents. II. n. 1. Substance that creates a corro- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CAUSTICITY 199 CE CO GRAPH ding or disintegrating action on the skin and » flesh, as lunar caustic, or nitrate of silver. 2. Math. Caustic curve. [Gr. kaustikos; from kaid, burn.] CAUSTICITY (kas-tis'i-ti), n. Quality of being caustic. CAUTERISM (ka'ter-izm), n. Application of cautery. CAUTERIZATION (ka-ter-1-za'shun), n. Act of cauterizing. CAUTERIZE (ka'ter-Iz), vt. [pr.p. CAUTERI- ZING; p.t. and p.p. CAUTERIZED (ka'ter- Izd).] 1. Surg. Sear with a caustic or a hot Iron. 2. Render callous or insensible. CAUTERY (ka'tei-i), n. [pi. CAU'TERIES.] Surg. 1. Use or application of a caustic; cauterization. 2. Instrument for searing the flesh, either with a caustic or hot iron. [Gr. caut&rion; from kauter, hot iron.] CAUTION (ka'shun), vt. [pr.p. CAU'TIONING; p.t. and p.p. CAUTIONED (ka'shund).] Warn to be careful; exhort to take heed. [L. cau- tionem; from caveo, beware.] CAUTION (ka'shun), n. 1. Provision or security against danger; provident care and needful- ness. 2. Advice to be careful and provident; warning. SYN. Forethought, heedfulness; watch- fulness; circumspection; vigilance; pru- dence; care; advice; counsel; wariness; ad- monition. ANT. Inattention; neglect; in- difference; carelessness; disregard; temer- ity; improvidence. CAUTIONARY (ka'shun-a-ri), a. Containing or conveying warning; admonitory. CAUTIOUS (ka'shus), a. Possessing or using caution; watchful; prudent. SYN. Careful; wary; circumspect; dis- creet; mindful; heedful; guarded. ANT. Indiscreet; daring; foolhardy. CAUTIOUSLY (ka'shus-li), adv. In a cautious manner. CAUTIOUSNESS (ka'shus-nes), n. Quality of being cautious. CAVALCADE (kav'al-kad or kav-al-kad'), n. Procession of persons on horseback. [Fr., from L. caballus, horse.] CAVALIER (kav-a-ler'), I. n. 1. 31emberofthe royalist party in the English civil war under Charles I. 2. [c-] Knight; horseman. 3. [c-] Gallant; lady's escort. 4. [c-] Fort. Raised work so situated as to command the neighboring country. II. a. [c-] 1. War- like; knightly; chivalrous. 2. Haughty; supercilious; free and easy. [Fr., from It. cavalierc, from L. caballus, horse.] CAVALIERLY (kav-a-ler'li), adv. Arrogantly; haughtily, as with a sense of superiority. CAVALRY (kav'al-ri), n. 1. Mounted soldiery. 2. Troop of horsemen. [Fr. cavallerie; from It. cavalleria; from L. caballarius, horseman.] CAVASCOPE (kav'a-skop), n. Surgical instru- ment for examining dark cavities in the body. CAVE (kav), n. Hollow place in the earth; cav- ern; den; grotto. [Fr., from L. cavus, hol- low.] CAVE (kav), v. [pr.p. CA'VING; p.t. and p.p. CAVED (kavd).] I. vt. Hollow out. II. vi. 1. Lodge in a cave. 2. Give way, as land under- mined. 3. Give in; yield. CAVEAT (ka've-at), n. 1. Preliminary patent- right claim. 2. Law. Formal notice or warn- ing not to take any step in a particular matter until the party giving the notice has been heard in opposition. 3. Warning; caution; protest. [L., "let him take care," from caveo, heed.] CAVERN (kav'ern), n. Deep hollow place In the earth; cave. [Fr., from L. caverna; from cavus, hollow.] CAVERNOUS (kav'ern-us), a. 1. Hollow; full of caverns. 2. Deep-sounding, as if from a cavern. CAVIARE, CAVIAR (kav-i-ar'), n. Salted roe of the sturgeon. [Turk, havydr, caviare.] CAVIL (kav'il), n. Frivolous objection. [L. cavilla, jeering.] CAVIL (kav'il), vi. [pr.p. CAVILING; p.t. and p.p. CAVILED (kav'ild).] 1. Make empty, trifling objections. 2. Use false arguments. CA VILER (kav'il-er), n. One who cavils. CAVITY (kav'i-ti), n. [pi. CAVITIES.] Hol- low place; opening; excavation; hollowness. [Fr. cavite; from L. cavus, hollow.] CAVORT (ka-varf), vi. [pr.p. CAVORT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CAVORT'ED.] Prance or caper. [Corrup. of CURVET.] CAW (ka), n. Cry of a crow. [From the sound.] CAW (ka), vi. [pr.p. CAWING; p.t. and p.p. CAWED (kad).] Cry as a crow. CAWNPUR (kan-por'), n. Chief town or district of same name. N. W. Provinces, India. CAY (ka), n. Low islet along a coast; key. [Sp. cayo, islet.] CAYENNE (ka-en'), n. Very pungent red pepper, made from several species of capsicum. [ Cay- enne, an island in French Guiana.] CAYMAN (ka'man), n. Name applied to various species of alligator, especially that of Missis- sippi and those found in the various parts of tropical and subtropical America. [Sp. cai- man; probably of Carib. origin.] CAZIQUE (ka-zek'), n. Same as CACIQUE. CEARIN (se'a-rin), n. Absorbent wax. CEASE (ses), v. [pr.p. CEAS'ING; p.t. andp.p. CEASED (sest).] I. vt. Put a stop to; end. II. vi. Come to an end; stop. [Fr. cesser; from L. cess, give over; ced, yield.] SYN. Quit; stop; desist; discontinue; terminate; end. ANT. Persist; continue; persevere; proceed. CEASELESS (ses'les), a. Without ceasing; In- cessant. CEASELESSLY (ses'les-11), adv. Unceasingly; incessantly. CECOGRAPH (s5'ko-graf), n. Instrument for ffcte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not,, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CECROPS 200 CELT > Cedar. enabling blind persons to write. [L. coccus, blind, and -GRAPH.] CECROPS (se'krops), «. Legendary founder and first king of Athens; instituted forms of civili- zation, marriage, religion, etc. CEDAR(se'dar),I. n. 1. Large evergreen tr^e remarkable for the durability and fra- grance of its wood. 2. Name applied to many more or less similar trees. II. a. 1. Made of cedar. 2. Of, or pertaining to, cedar. [L., from Gr. kedros.] CEDARN (se'darn), a. Per- taining to or made of cedar. CEDE (sed), v. [pr.p. CE'DING; p.t. and p.p. CE'DED.] I. vt. 1. Yield or give up; trans- fer. 2. Acknowledge as due; ascribe. II. vi. Submit. [L. cedo, yield.] CEDILLA (se-diTa), n. Mark placed under the letter c (thus q) to indicate that it has the sound of s, as in facade. [Sp., from L. zeta; from Gr. zeta, letter z.] CEDRLNE (se'drin), o. Relonging to the cedar- tree. CEIL (sel), vt. [pr.p. CEIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CEILED (seld).] Overlay the inner roof of; plaster; wainscot. [Fr. del; from L. caelo, ccelo, heaven, arch, cover.] CEILING (sel'ing), n. 1. Overhead surface of a room. 2. Inner lining of a vessel. CELADON (sel'a-don),n. Pale-green color. [Fr.] CELANDINE (sel'an-din), n. Bot. Swallow- wort. [O. Fr. celidoine; from Gr. chelidonion; from chelidon, swallow.] CELERES (sel'e-bez), n.pl. Islands. Malay Archipelago. Area 77,771 sq. m. CELERRANT (sel'e-brant), n. One who cele- brates. CELERRATE (sel'e-brat), v. [pr.p. CELEBRA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CELEBRATED.] I. vt. 1. Make famous. 2. Distinguish by solemn ceremonies. 3. Perform with proper rites and ceremonies, as mass, marriage, etc. 4. Commemorate with rejoicing. 5. Publish the praises of. II. vi. Engage or participate in a celebration. [L. celcbratus, p.p. of celebro, frequent.] CELEERATED (sel'e-bra-ted), a. 1. Distin- guished; famous; renowned. 2. Performed with rites and ceremonies. CELERRATION (sel-e-bra'shun), n. Act of cel- ebrating. CELERRATOR (sel'e-bra-tur), n. One who cel- ebrates. CELEERITY (se-leb'ri-ti), n. [pi. CELEB RI- TIES.] 1. Condition of being celebrated; fame; renown. 2. Person of distinction, fame, or renown. CELERITY (se-ler'1-ti), n. Rapidity of motion; quickness. [Fr.; L. celeritas; from celer, quick.] SYN. Velocity; fleetness; promptness; scamper; rush. ANT. Tardiness; languor; slowness; inactivity. CELERY (sel'er-i), n. Species of parsley, the Apium graveoleus, the blanched leaf-stalk of which is used extensively for salads, etc. [Fr. cSleri; from L. and Gr. selinon, parsley.] CELESTIAL (se-les'tyal), I. n. I. Chinaman. 2. [c-] Heavenly being. II. o. 1. [c-] Pertaining to the Chinese dynasty or empire. 2. [c-] Per- taining to heaven. 3. [c-] Pertaining to the visible heavens. [L. ccelestis; from ccelum, heaven.] SYN. Heavenly; supernal; immortal; ethereal; spiritual; angelic; seraphic; di- vine; godlike. ANT. Earthly; human; mortal; infernal. CELIRACY (sel'i-ba-si), n. Unmarried state; single life. [L. ccelebs, single.] CELIEATE (sel'i-bat), n. One who devotes him- self to a single life; man or woman who re- mains unmarried. CELIDOGRAPHY (sel-i-dog'ra-fi), n. Astron. Description of the spots on the sun. [Gr. selis, selidos, spot, and -GRAPHY.] CELL (sel), n. 1. Small room in a prison, asylum, etc. 2. Small cavity or hollow place. 3. Elec. Jar of a primary or secondary bat- tery containing a single couple and its electro- lyte. 4. Biol. Unit mass of living matter, containing a central life-spot or nucleus, and capable of reproducing itself. [O. Fr. celle; from L. cella, small room.] CELLAR (sel'ar), n. 1. Room underground where stores are kept, especially wine, etc. 2. Any underground room or vault. [Fr. cellier; L. cellarium, pantry; cella, cell.] CELLARAGE (sel'ar-aj), n. 1. Space for cel- lars; cellars. 2. Charge for storing in cellars. CELLARET (sel-ar-ef), n. Small case with compartments for holding bottles. CELLO, 'CELLO (chel'6), n. Violoncello. [Abbr.] CELLULAR (sel'u-lar), a. Consisting of or con- taining cells. CELLULE (sel'ul), n. Small cell, as on the leaf of a moss. CELLULOID (sel'u-loid), n. Substance used as a substitute for ivory, hard rubber, coral, etc., produced by mixing guncotton with camphor and coloring matter, and subjecting the mix- ture to hydraulic pressure. [L. cellula, and -OID.] CELLULOSE (sel'u-los), n. Substance constitu- ting the basis of vegetable tissues. [L. cellula, dim. of cella, cell, and suffix -OSE.] CELT (selt), KELT (kelt), n. One of an Aryan race, now represented by the Eretons, the Welsh, the Irish, and the Scottish Highlanders. [L. celtce; Gr. Keltoi.] CELT (selt), n. Cutting instrument of stone or bronze found in ancient barrows. [L. celtes, stone-chisel.] ate, fat, task, far, fall. fare. nV^vv ra«\ vn^, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, vrolf; raute, hut, burn, ii=u in bcotcli yudt; oil, owl, then, k.h—ch in Scotch loch. CELTIi 201 CENTER-BIT Celtic (seit'ik), Keltic (keit'ik), i. a. of or pertaining to the Celts. II. n. Language of the Celts. CEMENT (se-menf), n. 1. Adhesive substance for making bodies, especially stones, cohere. 2. Mortar-like substance, which hardens with a smooth, water-proof surface. 3. Anat. Tissue which invests the neck and root of a tooth. 4. Dentistry. Artificial bone-like sub- stance, used in filling cavities of carious teeth. 5. Any bond of union. [O. Fr., from L. ccetnentuni; ccedo, cut.] CEMENT (se-menf), v. [pr.p. CEMENT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CEMENT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Unite with cement. 2. Join firmly; unite closely. 3. Coat or pave with cement. II. vi. Be- come united, as by cement; cohere. CEMENTATION (sem-en-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of cementing. 2. Metal. Process by which iron is turned into steel, done by surrounding it with a cement or powder and exposing it to heat. CEMENTITE (se-men'tit), n. Carbide of iron. CEMETERY (sem'e-ter-i), n. [pi. CEM'ETER- IES.] Burying-ground; graveyard. [L. L. ccemeterium; from Gr. koimeterion.] CENIS (se-ne'),MoNT(mang). Tunneled mount- ain between Savoy and Italy. CENOBITE, CCENOBITE (sen'o-bit), n. 31onk living with others of a like mind with himself, in contradistinction to anchorites and hermits. [Gr. koinobion; from koinos, common, and bios, life.] s CENOBITIC (sen-o-bif ik), CENOBITICAL (sen- o-bif ik-al), a. Living in a community. CENOTAPH (sen'o-taf), n. Sepulchral monu- ment to one who is buried elsewhere, or whose body cannot be found or obtained for burial. [L. cenotaphium; from Gr. kenos, empty, and taphos, tomb.] CENSER (sen'ser), n. Vessel in which incense is burned. [O. Fr. censier, encensier; from L. L. incensum, burnt.] CENSOR (sen'sur), n. 1. In ancient Rome, an officer who kept account of the property of the citizens, imposed taxes, and watched over their morals. 2. Officer whose permission is necessary for the publication of manuscripts, newspaper articles, books, etc. 3. One who censures or blames; critic; monitor. [L., from censeo, judge.] CENSORIAL (sen-so'ri-al), a. Belonging to a censor, or to his duties. CENSORIOUS (sen-sd'ri-us), a. Expressing cen- sure; fault finding. CENSORIOUSLY (sen-so'ri-us-li), adv. In a censorious manner. CENSORIOUSNESS (sen-so'ri-us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being censorious. CENSORSHIP (sen'sur-ship), n. Office or term of a censor. — Censorship of the press, regula- tion of certain governments, by which books and newspapers must be examined by officers, whose approval is necessary to their publica- tion. CENSUAL (sen'shu-al), a. Of or pertaining to a census. CENSURABLE (sen'shur-a-bl), c. Deserving of censure; blamable. CENSURE (sen'shur), n. Unfavorable judg- ment; blame; reproof. [Fr., from L. censura, opinion; severe judgment; from censeo, judge.] CENSURE (sen'shur), vt. [pr.p. CENSURING; p.t. and p.p. CENSURED (sen'shurd).] Find fault with; blame. SYN. Chide; rebuke; berate; reproach; reprimand. ANT. Praise; compliment; commend. CENSUS (sen'sus), n. Official enumeration of the inhabitants of a country, with a collection of statistics relating to them. [L. census, register.] CENT (sent), n. American minor coin, of the value of one hundredth part of a dollar. — Per cent, abbreviation in common use for L. per centum, rate per hundred, or allowance of so much for every hundred. [L. centum, hun- dred.] CENTAL (sen'tal), n. British weight of 100 pounds. CENTARE (sang-tar'), n. Metr. Syst. One hun- dredth part of an are. [Fr. centiare; from L. centum, hundred, and area, piece of ground.] CENTAUR (sen'tar), n. Fabulous monster, half man and half horse. [Gr. kentauros.] CENTENARIAN (sen-te-na'ri-an), n. Person a hundred years old. CENTENARY (sen'te-na-ri), I. n. [pi. CEN'TE- NARIES.] 1. Hundred years. 2. Commem- oration after a hundred years ; hundredth anni- versary. II. a. Of or pertaining to a hundred years. [L. centenarius, relating to a hundred; from centum, hundred.] CENTENNIAL (sen-ten'i-al), I. w. Hundredth anniversary. II. a. 1. Of or pertaining to a hundredth anniversary. 2. Happening once in a hundred years. [L. centum, hundred, and annus, year.] CENTER, CENTRE (sen'ter), n. 1. Middle point of anything, especially a circle or sphere; middle. 2. Point of concentration or con- vergence. 3. Point of origin or evolution. 4. Chief leader of an organization; head-center. 5. [C-] In French politics, the term Center is applied to the middle party, holding moderate opinions, and its members occupy the middle seats in the chamber of deputies. [Fr. centre; from L. centrum; from Gr. kentron, sharp point.] CENTER, CENTRE (sen'ter), v. [pr.p. CEN- TERING, CENTRING; p.t. and p.p. CEN- TERED, CENTRED (sen'terd).] I. vt. 1. Place on, or collect to, a center. 2. Deter- mine the center of. II. vi. 1. Converge to a center. 2. Rest on or be in the center. CENTER-BIT (sen'ter-bit), n. Joiner's tool for fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. CENTER-BOARD 202 CERAMICS > boring holes, having a stock which turns on a center. CENTER-BOARD (sen'ter-bord), n. Naut. Shifting keel, fitted to drop below and in line with the keel proper in order to increase or diminish the draft of the boat. CENTERING (sen'tgr-ing), n. Arch. Frame- work upon which an arch or vault of stone, brick, or iron is supported during its construc- tion. CENTESI3IAL (sen-tes'i-mal), a. Hundredth. [L. centesimus ; from centum, hundred.] CENTIGRADE (sen'ti-grad), a. Divided into a hundred degrees, as the centigrade thermom- eter constructed by Selsus (1701-44), in which freezing point of water is zero and boiling point 100°. [L. centum, hundred, and gradus, step, degree.] CENTIGRAM (sen'ti-gram), n. Metr. Syst. Hun- dredth part of a gram. [Fr. centigramme; from L. centum, hundred, and Fr. gramme, gram.] CENTILITER (sen'ti-le-ter), n. Hundredth part of a liter. [Fr. centilitre; from L. centum, hundred, and Fr. litre, liter.] CENTIME (sang-tem'), n. French coin, the hundredth part of a franc, about one-fifth of a cent. [Fr., from L. centum, hundred.] CENTOIETER (sen'ti-me-ter), n. Lineal meas- ure, the hundredth part of a meter. [Fr. centimetre; from L. centum, hundred, and mctrum, from Gr. matron, measure.] CENTIPED (sen'ti-ped), / CENTIPEDE (sen'ti-ped), ~%a(L n. Segmented insect bear- <»* ing jointed appendages, Centiped. having a well-defined head furnished with feelers and jaws, and breathing by means of air tubes or tracheae. [L. centum, hundred, acid pes, pedis, foot.] CENTISTERE (sen'ti-ster), n. Cubic measure, the hundredth part of a stere. [Fr. centistcre; from L. centum, hundred, and Gr. stereos, solid.] CENTNER (sent'ner), n. Hundred weight; cen- tal. [Ger., from L. centenarium, relating to a hundred.] CENTO (sen'to), n. Patchwork composition; medley. [L., patchwork.] CENTRAL (sen'tral), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the center. 2. Principal; dominant. II. n. Any central telephone exchange or office. CENTRALISM (sen'tral-izm), n. Tendency to administer by the sovereign or central gov- ernment matters which would be otherwise under local management. CENTRALITT (sen-tral'i-ti), n. Central position. CENTRALIZATION (sen-tral-i-za'shun), n. 1. Act of centralizing. 2. Tendency toward a central authority; centralism. CENTRALIZE (sen'tral-iz), vt. [pr.p. CENTRAL- IZING; p.t. and p.p. CENTRALIZED (sen'- tral-Izd).] Make central; bring to a center; place under a central authority. CENTRALLY (sen'tral-i), adv. In a central manner; as regards the center. CENTRE (sen'ter), n. and v. Same as CENTER. CENTRIC (sen'trik), CENTRICAL (sen'trik-al), a. Relating to, placed in, or containing the center. CENTRICALITY (sen-tri-kal'i-ti), n. State of being central. CENTRIFUGAL (sen-trif'u-gal), a. Having a tendency to, or causing to, recede from the center. [L. centrum, center, and fugio, flee.] CENTRING (sen'tring), n. Same as CENTER- ING. CENTRIPETAL (sen-trip'e-tal), a. Having a tendency to, or causing to, approach the center. [L. centrum, center, and pcto, seek.] CENTUMVIR (sen-tum'ver), n. [pi. CENTUM'- VIRS or CENTXJM'VIRL] One of the Roman judges chosen annually for civil suits, origin- ally one hundred and five in number, three for each of the thirty-five tribes. [L. centum, hundred, and vir, man.] CENTUMVIRAL (sen-tum'vi-ral), a. Pertaining to the centumviri. CENTUM VIRATE ( sen-turn' vi-rat), n. Office or position of a centumvir. CENTUPLE (sen'tu-pl), a. Hundredfold. [L. ccnlupler; from centum, hundred, and plico, fold.] CENTURIAL (sen-tu'ri-al), a. Pertaining to a century or a hundred. CENTURION (sen-tu'ri-un), n. In the army of ancient Rome, captain of a century, or com- pany of one hundred foot-soldiers or infantry. [L. centurio, -onis; from centum, hundred.] CENTURY (sen'tu-ri), n. [pi. CEN'TURIES.] 1. Period of a hundred years. 2. Among the Romans, a division of one hundred men, sixty of which formed a legion. [L. centuria; from centum, hundred.] CENTURY-PLANT (sen'tu-ri-plant), n. Amer- ican aloe, so called from its being formerly supposed to flower only once in a century. CEORL (cherl), n. Among the Anglo-Saxons an oridinary freeman not of noble birth. [A.S.] CEPHALIC (se-fal'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the head. 2. Useful as a remedy for pains in the head. [Gr. kephalikos; kephale, head.] CEPHALOPOD (sef'a-lo-pod), n. One of the Cephalopoda. Cephalopoda (sef-a-iop'o-da), n.pi. Zooi. Class of mollusks, characterized by a distinct head, surrounded by a circle of long arms or tentacles. It includes the octopus, cuttle- fish, argonaut, etc. [Gr. kephale, head, and pous, podos, foot.] CEPHALOUS (sef'a-lus), a. Hot. Capitate; hav- ing a head. CERAIN (se'ra-in), n. Insoluble beeswax. CERAMIC (se-ram'ik), a. Pertaining to pottery. [Gr. keramos, potter's earth.] CERAMICS (se-ram'iks), n. 1. Plastic art; art of modeling, molding, and baking clay. 2. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CERAMIST 203 CERTES [pi.] Objeets produced by the art. [See CE- RAMIC] CERAMIST (ser'a-mist), n. Maker of pottery or earthenware; potter. CERATE (se'rat), n. PJiarm. Unguent of wax, etc. [L. cera, wax.] CERATED (se'ra-ted), a. Covered with wax; waxed. CERATOPS (ser'a-tops), n. Large animal of the dinosaur family. CERBERITE (ser'ber-it), n. Pine-tar dynamite mixed with nitroglycerin, naphtha and char- coal. CERBERUS (ser'be-rus), n. Greek Myth. Three- headed dog of Pluto stationed at entrance to Hades to prevent living from entering or dead from escaping. CERE (ser), n. 1. Bare wax-like patch at the base of the upper part of the beak of birds. 2. Wax. [L. cera, wax.] CERE (ser), vt. [pr.p. CE'RING; p.t. and p.p. CERED (serd).] Wax, or cover with wax. CEREAL (se'ri-al), I. n. Grain used as food, as wheat, corn, barley, etc. II. a. Pertaining to edible grain. [From Ceres, Roman name of the Greek Demeter, goddess of tillage and grain.] CEREALINE (se'ri-al-en), n. Any food cereal from which germ has been removed. CEREBELLAR (ser-e-bel'ar), a. Of or pertain- ing to the cerebellum. CEREBELLUM (ser-e-bel'um), n. [pi. CERE- BEL'LA.] A not. Hinder and lower part of the brain. [L., dim. of cerebrum, brain.] CEREBRAL (ser'e-bral), a. Pertaining to the cerebrum. CEREBRASTHENIA (ser-e-bras-the'ni-a), n. Med. Mental collapse of the brain. CEREBRATE (ser'e-brat), vi. [pr.p. CER'E- BRATING; p.t. and p.p. CEREBRATED.] Show brain action; have the brain acting. CEREBRATION (ser-e-bra'shun), n. Action of the brain, conscious or unconscious, marked by molecular changes in the cerebrum. CEREBRIC (ser'i-brik), a. Cerebral. CEREBRO-SPINAL (ser'e-bro-spi'nal), a. Re- lating to the brain and spinal cord together. CEREBRUM (ser'e-brum), n. [pi. CER'EBRA.] Anat. Upper and anterior portion of the brain, as opposed to the cerebellum, the hinder and lower portion. [L., brain.] CERECLOTH (ser'clath), n. Cloth dipped in melted wax in which to wrap a dead body. CEREMENT (ser'ment), n. 1. Winding-sheet or grave-clothes generally. 2. Cerecloth. [L. cera, wax.] CEREMONIAL (ser-e-mo'ni-al), I. a. 1. Re- lating to a ceremony. 2. Observant of cere- monies and forms; formal. II. n. Cere- mony; formality; etiquette; ritual. CEREMONIALISM (ser-e-mo'ni-al-izm), n. Ad- herence to outward form. adv. In a n. CEREMONIALLY (ser-e-m6'ni-al-i), ceremonial manner. CEREMONIALNESS (ser-e-m6'nl-al-nes), Fondness for outward form and rites. CEREMONIOUS (ser-e-mo'ni-us), a. 1. Full of ceremony. 2. Particular in observing forms. 3. Precise. CEREMONIOUSLY (ser-e-mo'ni-us-li), adv. In a ceremonious manner. CEREMONIOUSNESS (ser-e-mo'ni-us-nes), n. Quality of being ceremonious. CEREMONY (ser'e-mo-ni), n. 1. Sacred rite. 3. Outward form, religious or otherwise. 3. Conventional formality, civility, or propriety. 4. Pomp or state. [Fr., from L. ccerimonia, sanctity.] SYN. Form; fashion; etiquette; observ- ance; rite; ordinance; display; parade; pageant; pomp. ANT. Informality; un- ceremoniousness; desuetude. CERES (se'rez), n. Greek Myth. Sister of Jupi- ter and mother of Proserpine; goddess of agriculture and fruits. CERIFEROUS (ser-ifer-us), a. BoU Resem- bling yellow wax in color. CERNUOUS (ser'nu-us), a. Hot. Drooping. [L. cernuus, stooping.] CEROGRAPH (se'ro-graf), n. 1. Writing or engraving on wax. 2. Encaustic painting. CEROGRAPHIC (se-ro-graf'ik), a. Of or per- taining to cerography. CEROGRAPHY (se-rog'ra-fl), n. 1. Art of wri- ting or engraving on wax. 2. Art of paint- ing by the encaustic method. [Gr. kSrographla; from keros, wax, and grapho, write.] CeRRO GORDO (ther-6-gar'do). Mountain pass in Mexico. Scene of American victory April 18th, 1847. CERTAIN (ser'tin), a. 1. Sure to happen; in- evitable. 2. Fixed; settled; determined be- forehand. 3. Indubitable; unquestionable; past doubt. 4. Unfailng. 5. Sure; con- vinced; assured. 6. Undisclosed or par- ticular, as a certain person. [O. Fr., from L. certus, sure; cerno, determine.] SYN. Ascertained; actual; real; true; established ; positive ; steadfast ; d etermlnate ; indisputable; undoubted; incontrovertible; confident; regular; constant; reliable; some; specified. ANT. Uncertain; doubt- ful; dubious; questionable; vague; indefinite. CERTAINLY (ser'tin-li), adv. Without doubt; without fail. CERTAINNESS (ser'tin-nes), n. Quality of being certain. CERTAINTY (ser'tin-ti), n. [pi. CER'TAIN- TIES.] 1. That which is certain. 2. Assur- ance; confidence. 3. Certainness. SYN. Surety; proof; demonstration; con- viction; positiveness; certitude. ANT. Un- certainty; precariousness; misgiving; in- decision; doubt; dubiousness; conjecture. CERTES (ser'tEz), adv. Certainly; in sooth. [Fr.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. CERTIFICATE 204 CHAFFERING > CERTIFICATE (ser-tif i-kat), n. 1. Written document certifying the truth of any matter. 2. Law. Attestation, voucher, or certification in writing properly authenticated. CERTIFICATE (ser-tif'i-kat), vt. 1. Verify or vouch for by certificate. 2. Give a certificate to. CERTIFICATION (ser-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of certifying. 2. Attestation; voucher. CERTIFIER (ser'ti-fi-er), n. One who certifies or gives a certificate. CERTIFY (ser'ti-fi), v. [p.p. CER'TIFYING; p.t. and p.p. CERTIFIED (ser'ti-fid).] I. vt. 1. Give certain information of; attest. 2. Assure. 3. Testify to or vouch for the truth or accuracy of. II. vi. Testify to or vouch for the accuracy of any document or state- ment. [Fr. certifier; from L.L. certifico, make certain; from L. certus, certain, and facio, make.] CERTIORARI (ser-shi-o-ra'ri), n. Law. Writ issuing out of a superior court directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to certify and return to the former the record in a particular case. [L. L., to be made more certain.] CERTITUDE (ser'ti-tud), n. 1. Certainty. 2. Assurance. CERULEAN (se-ro'le-an), a. Sky-blue. [L. can- ruleus, dark-blue.] CERUMEN (se-ro'men), n. Wax secreted by the ear. [L. cera, wax.] CERUSE (se'ros), n. White-lead. [Fr., from L. cerussa; from cera, wax.] CERVICAL (ser'vi-kal), a. Belonging to the neck. [Fr., from L. cervix, cervicis, neck.] CERVINE (ser'vin), a. Relating to deer. [L. cervinus; cervus, deer.] CERVIX (ser'viks), n. [pi. CERVICES (ser'vi- sez).] Neck, or neck-like part. [L.] CESPITOSE (ses'pi-tos), a. Bot. Turfy; growing In tufts. [L. cespes, cespitis, turf.] CESSATION (ses-sa'shun), n. Ceasing or stop- ping; discontinuance. [L. cessatio; from cesso, cease.] SYN. Rest; pause; stay; respite; interval; interruption; intermission; suspension; end- ing; stop; pause; remission; stoppage. ANT. Continuance; incessancy. CESSION (sesh'un), n. 1. Act of ceding, sur- rendering, or giving up. 2. Law. surrender by a debtor of all his property for the benefit of creditors. [L. cessio; from cedo, give up.] CESSPOOL (ses'pol), n. 1. Pool or hollow in which filthy water collects. 2. Receptacle for the collection of the refuse from sinks, etc. 3. Any foul receptacle. [Celt, soss-pool; soss, dirty mess, and pool.] CESTUS (ses'tus), n. 1. Loaded boxing-glove with heavy bands to wind round the arm, used by Grecian and Roman pugilists. 2. Fabled girdle of Venus, which had power to awaken love. [L., from Gr. Jcestos, a girdle.] CETACEA (se-ta/shi-a), CETE (se'te), n.pl. Order of marine mammals, embracing the toothed whales, or Odontoceti, and the baleen whales, or Mystacoceti. To the former be- long the sperm whales, the buttonnose, the genus Platanista and its allies, and the great family of dolphins; to the latter, the right whale (Balcena), the humbacks and the ror- quals. [L., from Gr. kotos, any sea-monster, whale.] CETACEAN (se-ta'shi-an), I. a. Pertaining to theCetacea. II. n. One of the Cetacea; whale; porpoise. CETACEOUS (se-ta'shus), a. Cetacean. CETE (se'te), n. Whale or similar sea-monster. [L., from Gr. ketos, whale.] CETOLOGY (se-tol'o-ji), n. Part of zoology which treats of whales. [Gr. ketos, whale, and -LOGY.] CEUTA (su'ta; Sp. tha'o-ta), n. Spanish sea- port, Morocco, opposite Gibraltar. CeVENNES (se-ven'), n. Chief mountain range of S. France. CEYLON (se-lon'), n. British island, S. of India. Area 24,702 sq. m. CeYLONESE (se-lon-ez'), I. a. Belonging to Ceylon. II. n. Native of Ceylon; Singhalese. CHAC31A (chak'ma), w. South African baboon. [Native name.] CHAD, TCHAD (chad), w. Lake, Soudan, N. Africa. Area 10,000 sq. m. CHAFE (chaf), v. [pr.p. CHAFING; p.t. and p.p. CHAFED (chaft).] I. vt. 1. Make hot by rubbing. 2. Fret or wear by rubbing; gall. 3. Cause to fret or rage. II. vi. 1. Rub to- gether. 2. Fret; become abraded. 3. Fret or fume, as over some galling wrong or slight. [Fr. chauffer; from L. calefaceo; from caleo, glow, and facio, make.] CHAFE (chaf), n. 1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Rage; fury; passion. CHAFER (cha'fer), n. One who or that which chafes. CHAFER (cha'fer), n. Cockchafer. [A. S. cefer.] CHAFF (chaf), n. 1. General name for the husks of grain as threshed or winnowed. 2. Refuse, or worthless matter. [A. S. ceaf.] CHAFF (chaf), n. Light banter; badinage. [Ger. kaff, idle words.] CHAFF (chaf), v. [pr.p. CHAFFING; p.t. and p.p. CHAFFED (chaft).] I. vt. Banter; quiz; ridicule. II. vi. Employ light banter, badi- nage, or raillery. CHAFFER (chafer), v. [pr.p. CHAFFERING; p.t. and p.p. CHAFFERED (chaf'erd).] I. vt. 1. Buy. 2. Exchange; trade. II. vi. 1. Haggle about the price. 2. Bargain. 3. Talk much and idly. [A. S. ceapian, cheapen, buy; from ceap, price.] CHAFFERER (chaf'er-er), w. One who chaffers; bargainer; buyer. CHAFFERING (chafer-ing), n. 1. Bargaining or trading. 2. Wordy talk in buying and selling. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CHAFFINCH 205 CHALKINESS Chaffinch. CHAFFINCH (chaf'inch), n. Small European song-bird *of the finch family. [CHAFF and FINCH.] CHAFING (cha'fing), n. Pathol. Red excoriations which occur [1/ in consequence of the friction l of parts. [See CHAFE.] CHAFING-DISH (cha'fing-dish), n. Metal dish with lamp attach- ment for heating or cooking. CHAGREEN (sha-gren'), n. Same as SHA- GREEN. ChAGRES (cha/gres), n. Town on Chagres River, Colombia, on N. coast of isthmus of Panama. CHAGRIN (sha-grin')» n. Mortification; vexa- tion; annoyance. [Fr. chagrin, shagreen.] CHAGRIN (sha-grin'), vt. [pr.p. CHAGRIN'- ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAGRINED (sha-grind').] Mortify; vex; annoy. CHAIN (chan), n. 1. Series of links or rings passing through one another. 2. Connected course or series, as a chain of events. 3. Surveyor's measure of 100 links. 4. Any- thing that binds. 5. [pi.] Fetters; bonds. 6. Wear. Warp-threads of a fabric. [Fr. chaine; from L. catena, chain.] CHAIN (chan), vt. [pr.p. CHAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAINED (chand).j 1. Fasten or con- fine with a chain; fetter; restrain. 2. Meas- ure with a surveyor's chain. CHAIN-ARMOR (chan'arin-ur), n. Chain- mail. CHAIN-GANG (chan'gang), n. Number of con- victs chained together, or with chain and ball attached to their ankles, to prevent their escape wbile at work. CHAINLESS (chan'les), a. Without a chain or chains. CHAIN-MAIL (chan'mal), n. Mail or armor made of iron links connected together. CHAIN-PUMP (chan'pump), n. Pump consist- ing of buckets or plates fastened to an endless chain, and used for raising water. CHAIN-SHOT (chan'shot), n. Two cannon balls or half-balls fastened together by a chain, used formerly in naval engagements to destroy rigging. CHAIN-STITCH (chan'stich), n. Stitch resem- bling the links of a chain; loop-stitch. CHAIN- WALE (chan'wal), n. Naut. One of the wales or thick planks bolted to the ship's sides and serving for the attachment of the chains to which the shrouds are connected. [See CHANNEL.] CHAIR (char), n. 1. Seat for one person, usually movable, and having a back. 2. Covered vehicle for one person, as a sedan. 3. Seat or office of one in authority, as a judge, bishop, or the person presiding over any meeting. 4. Chairman, or presiding officer. 5. Iron block used upon railways to support and secure the rails. [Fr. chaire; from Gr. kathedra, seat.] CHAIR (char), vt. [pr.p. CHAIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAIRED (chard).] 1. Place in a seat of authority. 2. Carry publicly in triumph. 3. Convey in a chair. CHAIRMAN (char'man), n. [pi. CHAIR'MEN.] 1. One who presides at an assembly or meet- ing; presiding officer. 2. One who carries a sedan, or propels an invalid's or perambula- tor's chair. CHAIRMANSHIP (char 'man-ship), n. Position or office of a chairman, or presiding officer. CHAISE (shaz), n. Light two-wheeled carriage for two persons, drawn by one horse, and provided with a calash top. [Fr., a variant of chaire. See CHAIR.] CHAKARI (cha'ka-ri), n. Domestic service In East India. CHALAZA (ka-ia'za), n. Bot. The point of junc- ture of the ovule's nucleus with the stalk or funiculus. [Gr. chalaza, hail, tubercle.] CHALCEDONY (kal-sed'o-ni), n. Min. Quartz with some mixture of opal, usually translu- cent and of a somewhat waxy luster, and generally white or bluish-white. [Probably from Chalcedon, in Asia Minor.] CHALCOGRAPH (kal'ko-graf), n. Engraving on copper or brass. CHALCOGRAPHER (kal-kog'ra-fer), «. En- graver on brass or copper. CHALCOGRAPHY (kal-kog'ra-fi), n. Art or process of engraving on metal, especially copper or brass. [Gr. chalkos, brass, copper, and grapho, write.] CHALCOMENITE (kal-ko-me'nit), n. Crystal- lized sulphate of copper. CHALDAIC (kal-da'ik), a. and ». Chaldean. CHALDEAN (kal-de'an), I. a. Relating to Chaldea. II. n. 1. Language of the Chal- deans. 2. Native of Chaldea. ChALDEE (kal'de), a. and n. Chaldean. CHALDRON (chal'drun), n. Old English coal- measure, holding 36 heaped bushels. [Fr. chauldron — chaudere, kettle.] CHALET (sha-la'), n. Summer hut used by Swiss herdsmen among the Alps. [Fr.] CHALICE (chal'is), n. 1. Communion cup. 2. Cup or bowl. [Fr. calice; L. calix, calicis, cup.] CHALK (chak), n. White carbonate of lime. [A. S. cealc; L. calx, lime.] CHALK (chak), v. [pr.p, CHALKING; p.t. and p.p. CHALKED (chakt).] I. vt. I. Rub with chalk. 2. { Mark or write with chalk. II. vi. Run up a score with chalk. CHALKINESS (chak'i-nes), i chalky. Chalice. State of being fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CHALKSTONE 206 CHANCE CHALKSTONE (chak'ston), n. 1. Lump of chalk. 2. Gouty concretion in the joints. CHALKY (chak'i), a. Containing or like chalk. CHALLENGE (chal'enj), n. 1. Summon to a contest of any kind, but especially a duel. 2. Demand made by a sentinel for the coun- tersign, etc. 3. Any calling in question of a person's right. 4. Exception taken to a juror. 5. Cry of hounds at first finding scent of their game. [O. Fr. chalenge, dispute, claim; from L. calumnia, false accusation.] CHALLENGE (chal'enj), vt. [pr.p. CHAL'- LENGING; p.t. and p.p. CHALLENGED (chal'- enjd).] 1. Call to answer in single combat or duel. 2. Invite or call to a contest of any kind. 3. Dispute the accuracy of. 4. Ob- ject or take exception to. 5. Demand the countersign from. SYN. Dare; defy; brave; provoke; sum- mon; demand; require; claim; question; dis- pute. ANT. Pass; allow; grant; concede. CHALLENGER (chal'en-jer), n. One who chal- lenges. CHALLIS (shal'i), n. Fine all-wool or silk and woolen fabric. [Fr.] CHALONS-SUR-MARNE(sha-lang'siir-marn'), n. Town in France, capital of department of Marne. (Ancient Catalaunum.) CHALYBEATE (ka-lib'e-at), I. a. Impregnated with iron. II. n. Water or other liquid con- taining iron. [Gr. chalyps, chalybos, steel, from Chalybes.] CHALYBEOUS (ka-lib'e-us), a. Having a metal- lic luster of steel-blue tint; as a chalybeous gun-barrel. CHAM (kam), n. Mogul ruler; khan. CHAMADE (sha-mad'), n. Mil. Signal inviting a parley. [Fr.] CHAMBER (cham'ber), n. 1. Sleeping apart- ment. 2. Place where an assembly meets. 3. Assembly itself. 4. Judge's room. 5. Hall of justice. 6. Compartment. 7. Cavity. 8. Back end of the bore of a gun. [Fr. chambre; L. camera; from Gr. kamara, vault, room.] CHAMBER (cham'ber), v. [pr.p. CHAMBER- ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAMBERED (cham'berd).] I. vt. 1. Reside in or occupy as a chamber. 2. Furnish with a chamber, as a gun. II. vi. Reside in a chamber. CHAMBERED (cham'berd), a. Divided into compartments, as the shell of the pearly nautilus. CHAMBERLAIN (cham'ber-lin), n. 1. Officer appointed by a king or nobleman to perform domestic and ceremonial duties. 2. Receiver of rents and revenues. 3. Formerly, officer having charge of the private chambers of a palace; chamber attendant of a royal house- hold. [O. Fr. chambrclene.] CHAMBERMAID (cham'ber-mad), n. Female servant who has the care of bedrooms. CHAMBER Y (shong-ba-r6'), n. Town in France, capital of department of Savoy. Chameleon (C. vulgaris). CHAMELEON (ka-me'le-un), n . 1. Lizard-like reptile of Africa and Southern Asia ( Chamce- leon vulgaris), having power of changing its color. 2. Small Ameri- can lizard having simi- lar p o w e r . [Gr. chumai- leon. ] CHAMELEON- IC (ka-me-le- on'ik), a. Of the nature of a chameleon; changeable. CHAMFER chamfer), n. 1. Bevel or slope. 2. Groove, channel, or furrow. [Fr. chan- frein.] CHAMFER (cham'fer), vt. [pr.p. CHAMFERING; p.t. and p.p. CHAMFERED (cham'ferd).] 1. Cut or grind off bevelwise. 2. Channel or make furrows upon. 3. Flute, as a column. CHAMOIS (sham'i), n. 1. Goat-like antelope of the Alps and other high mountains of southern and central Europe. 2. Kind of soft leather, originally made from the skin of the chamois, commonly called shammy. [Fr.] CHAMOTTE (sha-mof), n. Prepared clay for retorts and crucibles. ChAMOUNI (sha-mo-ne'), n. Village in Savoy, below Mont Blanc. CHAMP (champ), v. [pr.p. CHAMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAMPED (champt).] I. vt. Bite or chew upon impatiently. II. vi. Perform the act of biting or chewing in a noisy manner; crunch. [Imitative.] CHAMPAGNE (sham-pan'), n. Light sparkling wine, originally from Champagne, in France. CHAMPAIGN (sham-pan'), I. a. Flat; level; open; uninclosed. II. n. Open, level country. [O. Fr. champaigne; fom L. campania, plain.] CHAMPION (cham'pi-un), I. n. 1. Originally, one who fought in single combat for himself or for another. 2. One who defends a cause. 3. Successful combatant. 4. In boxing, run- ning, etc., one who has excelled all others. 5. Stout-hearted warrior; noble knight; hero. II. a. Holding the position of a champion. [Fr.; L.L. campio; L. campus, field.] CHAMPION (cham'pi-un), vt. [pr.p. CHAM'- PIONING; p.t. and p.p. CHAMPIONED (cham'- pi-und).] Act as champion of; defend; sup- port. CHAMPIONSHIP (cham'pi-un-ship), n. State or position of being champion. CHANCE (chans), I. n. 1. That which falls out or happens. 2. Unexpected event. 3. Risk; trial of luck. 4. Opportunity. 5. Pos- sibility of something happening. 6. Prob- ability; likelihood. 7. Fortune; luck; cause or origin of fortuitous events. II. a. Occurring fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. CHANCE 207 CHANT Chancel. by chance; fortuitous; casual. [O. Fr. cheance; from L.L. cadentia; cado, L. fall.] SYN. Accident; fortune; luck; casualty; contingency; fortuity; opportunity; risk; hazard. ANT. Law; rule; sequence; causa- tion; intention; purpose; design; certainty. CHANCE (chans), v. [pr.p. CHAN'CING; p.t. and p.p. CHANCED (chamst).] I. vt. Risk; take the chance of. II. vi. Happen; fall out. CHANCEL (chan'- sel), n. Arch. Part of a church in which the altar or communion table is placed, usually railed off. [Fr., from L. can- celli, lattice.] CHANCELLOR (chan'sel-ur), n. 1. High judicial officer who pre- sides over a court of chancery. 2. Chief officer or titular head of a university. [Fr. chancelier; L.L. cancellarius, originally an officer that had charge of records, and stood near the cancelli, the cross-bars or lattice that surrounded the judgment-seat.] CHANCELLORSHIP (chan'sel-ur-ship), n. Of- fice or term of a chancellor. CHANCE-MEDLEY (chans'med-li), n. 1. Hap- hazard result; chance. 2. Law. Unpremed- itated killing of a person in an unprovoked affray, or in the heat of passion during a cas- ual quarrel or brawl. [O. Fr. chance medlee, mingled chance.] CHANCERY (chan'ser-i), n. 1. Court of equity. 2. In England, equity division of the High Court of Justice. [Fr. chancellerie ; from L. L. cancellarius; see CHANCELLOR.] CHANCO (chang'kd), n. Zool. Siberian gray wolf. CHANDELIER (shan-de-ler'), n. 1. Originally, a pendent highly ornamented frame with branches for supporting candles. 2. Similar device for lamps, gas-jets, or electric lights. [O. Fr.; from L. L. candelarius; from L. can- dela, candle.] CHANDLER (chand'ler), n. 1. Originally, a candle maker and dealer. 2. In composition, dealer generally; as ship-chandler, tallow- chandler, etc. [Fr. chandelier; from L. L. candelarius. See CHANDELIER.] CHANDLERY (chand'ler-i), n. Articles sold by a chandler. CHANDOO, CHANDU, (chan-do'), n. Prepared opium from Benares, Patna and 3Ialwa dis- tricts in India, ready for smoking. CHANGE (chanj), v. [pr.p. CHAN'GING; p.t. and p.p. CHANGED (chanjd).] I. vt. 1. Alter or make different. 2. Put or give for another. 3. Make to pass from one state to another. 4. Give and take reciprocally; exchange. 5. Give money of equivalent value but of smaller denomination for. II. vi. Become altered; deviate; vary; shift; fluctuate. [Fr. changer; from L. L. cambio, exchange, barter.] CHANGE (chanj), n. 1. Act of changing. 2. Alteration or variation of any kind. 3. State or quality of being altered. 4. That which is substituted for another. 5. Balance of money paid beyond the price of goods purchased. 6. Small coins. 7. Variety. 8. Exchange; bourse. CHANGEABILITY (chanj-a-bil'i-ti), ». Change- ableness. CHANGEABLE (chanj'a-bl), a. 1. That may be changed. 2. Subject or prone to change; fickle; inconstant. CHANGEABLENESS ( chanj 'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being changeable. CHANGE ABLY ( chanj 'a-bli), adv. In a change- able manner. CHANGEFUL (chanj'fol), a. Full of changes; inconstant; fickle. CHANGEFULLY ( chanj 'fpl-i), adv. In a change- ful manner. CHANGEFULNESS ( chanj 'fol-nes), ». Quality of being changeful. CHANGELESS (chanj'les), a. Without change; constant. CHANGELING (chanj 'ling), n. 1. Child substi- tuted for another. 2. One apt to change; fickle person. CHANGER (chanj'er), n. One who changes anything. CHANNEL (chan'el), n. 1. Bed of a stream. 2. Deeper part of a strait, bay, or harbor. 3. Strait or narrow sea. 4. Means or medium by which anything is conveyed or transmitted. 5. Groove or furrow in a pillar, etc. [O. Fr. chanel, canel; from L. canalis, canal.] CHANNEL (chan'el), vt. [pr.p. CHAN'NELING; p.t. and p.p. CHANNELED (chan'eld).] Cut or wear a channel in. CHANNEL (chan'el), n. Naut. Flat piece of wood or iron projecting horizontally from a ship's side to spread the shrouds and keep them clear of the bulwarks, as fore, main, and mizzen channels, [Corrup. of CHAIN- WALE.] CHANNEL ISLANDS. Group in English Chan- nel, off French coast; belong to England. CHANSON (chan'sun or Fr. shang-sang'), n. Ballad; song. [Fr.] CHANT (chant), n. 1. Kind of sacred music, to which psalms and canticles are sung. 2. Psalm or canticle sung to such music. 3. Melody; song. [Fr. chanter; from L. cantus; from cano, sing.] CHANT (chant), v. [pr.p. CHANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHANTED.] I. vt. 1. Sing in chants; recite musically. 2. Celebrate in song. II. vi. Intone; sing. y fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn! u=tt in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch, loch. CHANTER 208 CHARACTER > CHANTER (chant'er), n. 1. One who chants. 2. Precentor. 3. Tenor or treble pipe in a bag- pipe. CHANTICLEER (chant'i-kler), n. Male of the domestic fowl; cock; rooster. [From the name of the cock in the medieval epic "Rey- nard the Fox." O. Fr. chanter, sing, and cler, clear.] CHANTILLY (shong-te-ye'), n. Town In de- partment of Oise, France. CHANTRY (chant'ri), n. Endowment, or chapel, for the chanting of masses. [O. Fr. chanterie.] CHANTY (chant'i), n. Sailor's song, usually with a drawling refrain, sung in concert while raising the anchor. CHAOS (ka'os), n. 1. State of the universe be- fore it was reduced to order. 2. Condition of disorder and confusion. 3. Yawning chasm. [Gr., from chaino, gape.] CHAOTIC (ka-ot'ik), a. Of or like chaos; dis- ordered; confused. CHAP (chap), v. [pr.p. CHAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CHAPPED (chapt).] I. vt. Cause to crack or roughen, as the skin by exposure to cold. II. vi. Crack or roughen. [Sw. kappa, cut.] CHAP (chap), n. Crack in the skin caused by exposure to cold. CHAP (chap), n. Fellow; originally, a chapman. CHAP (chop), «. Jaw; usually in the plural. [Ice. kiapter, jaw.] CHAPARRAL (chap-a-ral'), n. Dense tangled brushwood; thicket. [Sp., plantation of ever- green oaks.] CHAPARRAL-COCK (chap-a-ral'kok), n. [fern. CHAPARRAL-HEN.] Zool. Bird common in chaparrals, a species of cuckoo, the Geo- coccyx calif ornianus ; also called ground- cuckoo, and road-runner. CHAP-BOOK (chap'bok), n. Book sold by a chapman. CHAPE (chap), n. 1. Plate of metal at the point of a scabbard. 2. Catch or hook by which anything is attached. [Fr. ; from L. L. capa, cap.] CHAPEAU (sha-po'), n. [pi. CHAPEAUX (sha- poz').] 1. Hat or cap. 2. Cap of dignity or maintenance. [Fr.] CHAPEL (chap'el), n. 1. Place of public wor- ship. 2. Building or place of worship subor- dinate to a church. 3. Chapel service. 4. Oratory, or place of private prayer. 5. Asso- ciation of printers in a printing establishment. [O. Fr. capele; from L. L. cappella, dim. of cappa, cape; originally from the cape or cloak of St. Martin, which was preserved in a sanc- tuary.] CHAPELRY (chap'el-ri), n. Jurisdiction of a chapel. CHAPERON (shap'er-6n), n. 1. Attendant on a young unmarried woman in public, usually an elderly woman. 2. Kind of hood or cap. [Fr., large hood; from chape, hooded cloak; L. L. cappa, cape.] CHAPERON (shap'er-on), vt. [pr.p. CHAPER- ONING; p.t. and p.p. CHAPERONED (shap'er- ond).] Act as chaperon to. CHAPERONAGE (shap'er-on-aj), ». Act or practice of chaperoning. CHAPF ALLEN (chop'faln), a. Having the lower chap or jaw depressed; dispirited; dejected. CHAPITER (chap'i-ter), n. Head or capital of a column. [Fr. chapitel; L. L. capitellum, dim. of L. caput, head.] CHAPLAIN (chap'lin), n. Clergyman employed to perform divine service in the army, navy, public body, or a family. [O. Fr. chaplain; from L. L. cappellanus; from cappella, chapel.] CHAPLAINCY (chap'lin-si), n. [pi. CHAP'LAIN- CIES.] Office of a chaplain. CHAPLAINSHIP (chap'lin-ship), n. Chaplaincy. CHAPLET (chap'let), n. 1. Garland or wreath for the head. 2. Circlet of gold, etc. 3. String of beads used in counting prayers, one- third of a rosary in length. 4. Arch. Molding carved into round beads, pearls, etc. 5. Tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. [Fr. chap- elet; dim. of chape, head-dress.] CHAPMAN (chap'man), n. [pi. CHAP'MEN.] Itinerant dealer; peddler. [A. S. cedpman; from cedp, cheap, and man, man.] CHAPPED (chapt), a. Cracked or roughened, as the skin from exposure to cold. CHAPTER (chap'ter), n. 1. Division of a book. 2. Subject or category generally. 3. Assem- bly of the canons of a cathedral or collegiate church. 4. Organized branch of a society or fraternity. 5. Decretal epistle. [O. Fr. chapitre; from L. capitulum, dim. of caput, head.] CHAR, CHARR, (char), n. Small fish of the salmon kind, spotted red. [Gael, ceara, red.] CHAR (char), CHARE (char), n. In England, occasional piece of work; odd job; chore; [pi.] household work. [A. S. cerran, turn.] CHAR (char), CHARE (char), vi. [pr.p. CHAR'- RING or CHARING; p.t. and p.p. CHARRED or CHARED (chard).] 1. Do odd jobs of work. 2. Do housecleaning. CHAR (char), vt. [pr.p. CHARRING; p.t. and p.p. CHARRED (chard).] 1. Burn until re- duced to charcoal. 2. Scorch. [From CHAR in CHARCOAL.] CHARACTER (kar'ak-tSr), n. 1. Letter, sign, figure, stamp, or distinctive mark. 2. Mark of any kind; symbol in writing, etc. 3. Any essential feature or peculiarity. 4. Aggregate of peculiar qualities which constitute personal or national individuality. 5. Moral force or qualities. 6. Estimate of one's personal qualities; reputation. 7. Person noted for eccentricity. 8. Personality as created in a play or novel. 9. Part appropriated to any one in a play; role. 10. Certificate of qualities. [Fr. caractere; L. character; from Gr. charakter; from charassd, engrave.] SYN. Sort; quality; kind; class; species; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CHARACTERISTIC 209 CHARM nature; temperament; disposition; consti- tution; mark; sign; figure; letter; emblem; symbol; type; name; reputation; repute; record* ANT. Obscurity; ingloriousness; ignominy; disrepute. CHARACTERISTIC (kar-ak-tSr-ls'tik), n. Dis- tinctive feature; peculiarity. CHARACTERISTIC (kar-ak-tgr-is'tik), CHAR- ACTERISTICAL ( kar-ak-ter-is'tik-al ), a. Marking or constituting the peculiar nature of. CHARACTERISTICALLY (kar-ak-ter-is'tik- al-I), adv. In a characteristic manner. CHARACTERIZATION (kar-ak-ter-i-za'shun), n. Act of characterizing. CHARACTERIZE (kar'ak-ter-Tz), vt. [pr.p. CHARACTERIZING; p.t. and p.p. CHAR- ACTERIZED (kar'ak-ter-Izd). 1. Describe by particular qualities. 2. Distinguishor designate. CHARADE (sha-rad' or sha-rad'), n. Enigma based upon a word of two or more syllables, the key to which is given by descriptions or representations of its component syllables and of the whole word. [Fr.] CHARCOAL (char'kol), n. 1. Charred wood. 2. Impure variety of carbon, consisting of the carbonaceous residue of vegetable, animal, or mineral substances that have undergone smothered combustion. [First element of the word is of doubtful origin.] CHARGE (charj), v. [pr.p. CHAR'GING; p.t. and p.p. CHARGED (char jd).] I. vt. 1. Fill with its proper complement or quantity ; load. 2. Place a burden upon; load heavily. 3. Cause electricity to accumulate in (a storage-battery or accum- ulator). 4. Lay a task upon; enjoin; com- mand. 5. Deliver officially an injunction to, as a Judge to a jury. 6. Bring an accusation against. 7. Entrust. 8. Set down to the ac- count of; debit. 9. Ask or exact as the price. 10. Rush down upon; fall upon; attack; rush, as in football. 11. Impose something upon, in the way of duty, obligation, or responsibility. 11. vi. Make a charge. [Fr. charger; from L.L. carrico; from L. carrus, car.] CHARGE (charj), n. 1. That which is laid on; burden; load. 2. Quantity for charging, as a gun, Leyden jar, storage-battery, etc. 3. Attack or onset. 4. Cost or price. 5. Custody; care. 6. Object of care. 7. Command; ex- hortation. 8. Accusation. 9. Instruction given by a judge to a Jury. 10. Entry on the debit side of an account. 11. [pi.] Ex- penses. CHARGEABLE (charj'a-bl), a. 1. Liable to be charged; Imputable. 2. Blamable. CHARGE' D» AFFAIRES (shar-zha/ daf-far'), [pi. CHARGES D» AFFAIRES.] Subordinate ministerial officer, to whom the charge of an embassy is intrusted during the temporary absence of the ambassador. [Fr.] CHARGER (char'jer), n. 1. War-horse. 2. Platter. 3. Instrument for charging blast- holes or firearms. CHARGE-SHEET ( charj 'shet), n. Police record of daily arrests and alleged offenses. CHARILY (char'i-li), adv. In a chary manners warily; frugally. CHARINESS (char'1-nes), n. Quality of being chary. CHARIOT (char'i-ut), n. 1. Among ancient nations, a two-wheeled carriage used in war, In public games, etc. 2. Coach with but one seat inside, usually a seat in front for the driver, and sometimes a seat behind. 3. Loosely, any carriage of an ornate or imposing character. [Fr., dim. of char, car.] CHARIOTEER (char-i-ut-er'), n. Driver of a chariot. CHARITABLE (char'i-ta-bl), a. 1. Of or relating to charity. 2. Kind or liberal to the poor; benevolent. 3. Dictated by kindness or charity. SYN. Kind; tender; lenient; forgiving; indulgent; liberal; generous; beneficent. ANT. Uncharitable; unkind; illiberal; sel- fish; revengeful. CHARITABLENESS (char'i-ta-bl-nes), n. Dis- position to charity; benevolence. CHARITABLY (char'i-ta-bli), adv. In a chari- table manner; benevolently. CHARITY (char'i-ti), n. [pi. CHAR'ITIES.] 1. Love toward our fellow men. 2. Benevolence toward the poor. 3. Good will. 4. That which is given in benevolence to the poor; alms. 5. Institution founded for charitable purposes. 6. Any act of kindness or benevolence. SYN. Kindness; benignity; indulgence; generosity; liberality; benevolence; benefi- cence; bountif ulness ; almsgiving. ANT. Unkindness; harshness; niggardliness; bar- barity; malignity; ill will; illiberality. CHARIVARI (shar-i-var'i), n. Wild tumult and uproar, produced by the beating of pans, blow- ing of horns, etc., as a mock serenade to a newly married couple. Commonly called shivaree. [Fr.] CHARLATAN (shar'la-tan), n. Mere talking pretender; mountebank; quack. [Fr.] CHARLATANIC (shar-la-tan'ik), o. Belonging to a charlatan; quackish. CHARLATANRY (shar'la-tan-ri), n. Imposture; quackery. CHARLESTON (charlz'tun), n. 1. City, port of entry, metropolis of S. Carolina. 2. Capital of W. Virginia, on Kanawha and Elk rivers. CHARLOCK (char'lok), w. Wild mustard. [A. S. cerlic] CHARLOTTE (shar'lut), w. Dish of apple mar- malade covered with crumbs of toast. — Char- lotte russe (ros), custard or whipped cream inclosed in a kind of sponge cake. [Fr.] CHARM (charm), n. 1. Enchantment; spell. 2. Amulet worn on the person. 3. That which can please irresistibly. 4. [pi.] Female beauty or other personal attractions. [Fr. charme; from L. carmen, song.] CHARM (charm), v. [pr.p. CHARMING; p.t. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, buru,\ ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, hh=ch in Scotch loch. CHARMER 210 CHASTELY > and p.p. CHARMED (charind).] I. vt. 1. In- fluence by a charm. 2. Subdue by secret In- fluence. 3. Enchant. 4. Fascinate; capti- vate; bewitch. 5. Delight. 6. Protect by a charm. II. vi. Act like a charm; be charm- ing. CHARMER (charm'er), n. One who charms. CHARMING (charm'ing), a. Pleasing in the highest degree; delightful. CHARMINGLY (charm'ing-li), adv. In a charm- ing manner. CHARMLNGNESS (charm'ing-nes), n. Quality of being charming. CHARNEL (char'nel), I. a. Containing the bodies of dead persons. II. n. Charnel-house. [O. Fr. charnel; from L. L. carnale — L. car- nails — caro, carnis, flesh.] CHARNEL-HOUSE (char'nel-hows), n. Place for depositing the bones of the dead. CHARON (ka'ron), n. 1. In Greek mythology, the ferryman who rowed the shades of the dead across the river Styx in the lower world. 2. Ferryman generally. CHARPIE (shar'pi), n. Lint made from old linen. [Fr.] CHARQUI (char'ke), n. Reef cut into long stains and dried in the sun; jerked beef. [Pe^uv.] CHARRY (char'i), a. Pertaining to charcoal; like charcoal. CHART (chart), n. 1. 3Iariner's map, giving a delineation of coasts, islands, shoals, rocks, etc. 2. Outline map, or a tabular statement giving information of any kind. [O. Fr. charte; from L. charta; from Gr. charts, paper.] CHART (chart), vt. [pr.p. CHARTING; p.t. and p.p. CHART'ED.] Lay down in a chart or map. CHARTACEOUS (char-ta'shus), a. Resembling writing paper. [L.] CHARTER (char'ter), n. 1. Any formal writing In evidence of a grant, conferring or con- firming titles, rights, or privileges. 2. Comm. Agreement in writing concerning the hire of a vessel and the freight. [O. Fr. chartre; from L. cartula, dim. of charta, paper.] CHARTER (char'ter), vt. [pr.p. CHARTERING; p.t. and p.p. CHARTERED (char'terd).] 1. Establish by charter. 2. Let or hire by char- ter, as a ship. CHARTER-PARTY (char'ter-par-ti), n. Instru- ment in which the contract of letting or hir- ing is expressed. [Fr. chartre-parlie, lit., a divided charter, as the practice was to divide it in two and give half to each party.] CHARTOGRAPHY (kar-tog'ra-fi), n. Same as CARTOGRAPHY. CHARTRES (shar'tr), n. City in France. Capi- tal of department Eure-et-Loire. CHARWOMAN (char'wom-an), n. [pi. CHAR'- WOMEN.] In England, woman hired by the day to do odd jobs of domestic work. [See CHAR, CHARE.] Chase. CHARY (char'i), a. 1. Sparing. 2. Cautious. [A. S. cearig; from cearu, care.] CHARYRDIS (ka-rib'dis), n. Greek Myth. Dangerous whirlpool off Sicily, opposite an- other called Scylla; caused by daughter of Poseidon, hurled by a thunderbolt of Zeus into the sea; spewing the water out of her mouth she caused the whirlpool to exist. CHASE (chas), v. [pr.p. CHA'SING; p.t. and p.p. CHASED (chast).] 1. Pursue with intent to catch. 2. Pursue in order to drive away. 3. Follow fast after; succeed. 4. Follow up, as a narration or subject. II. vi. Hunt or pursue game. [O. Fr. chacier; from L. capto, take, catch.] CHASE (chas), n. 1. Act or custom of hunting. 2. Act of pursuing after an enemy; pursuit. 3. That which is hunted or pursued. 4. Open hunting-ground or preserve for game. CHASE (chas), n. 1. Print. Case or frame to confine types, when set in columns or pages. 2. Groove or furrow. [Fr. chasse; from L. capsa, chest.] CHASE (chas), vt. [pr.p. CHA'- SING; p.t. and p.p. CHASED (chast).] 1. Decorate, as metal, by engraving figures or patterns on; emboss; enchase. 2. Cut into the form of a screw. [Short for ENCHASE.] CHASED (chast), a. Decorated with engraved figures or patterns. CHASER (cha'ser), n. One who or that which chases, or pursues. CHASER (cha'ser), n. 1. Engraver on metal. 2. Tool used in screw-cutting. CHASM (kazm), n. Yawning or gaping hollow; gap or opening; void space. [Gr. chasma; from chaino, gape.] CHASMY (kazm'i), a. Full of chasms. CHASSE (shas), n. Drink of spirits or liqueur served after coffee. [Fr.] CHASSE (shas-sa/), «. Kind of gliding step in dancing. [Fr.] CHASSE (shas-sa'), vi. [pr.p. CHASSE'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHASSED (shas-sad').] Per- form a chasse. CHASSEPOT (shas-pd'), n. Mil. Rolt-action breech-loading rifle adopted by the French army in 18G6. [From Chassepot, the Inventor.] CHASSEUR (sha-sur), n. Mil. One of a select body of French light troops, either Infantry or cavalry. [Fr.] CHASSIS (chas'is or sha-se'), n. 1. Rase frame on which the body of a motor car is mounted. 2. Base frame on which a barbette is run In and out of a battery. [Fr.] CHASTE (chast), a. 1. Virtuous. 2. Modest; refined. 3. Pure in taste and style. [O. Fr. chaste; from L. castus, pure.] CHASTELY (chast'li), adv. In a chaste manner; virtuously; purely. fite. fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CHASTEN 211 CHEAT CHASTEN (cha'sn), vt. [pr.p. CHA'STENING; p.t. and p.p. CHASTENED (cha'snd).] 1. Free from faults by punishing; hence to pun- ! ish. 2. Purify; refine. 3. Restrain or mod- erate. CHASTENESS (chasf nes), n. Chastity; purity. CHASTISABLE (chas-tfza-bl), a. Capable or deserving of being chastised. CHASTISE (chas-tiz'), vt. [pr.p. CHASTI'SING; p.t. and p.p. CHASTISED (chas-tizd').] 1. Inflict punishment upon for the purpose of correction; punish. 2. Reduce to order or obedience. [From CHASTEN.] CHASTISEMENT (chas'tiz-ment), n. Act of chastising; punishment. CHASTISER (chas-ti'zer), n. One who chastises. CHASTITY (chas'ti-ti), n. Quality of being chaste. CHASUBLE (chas'u-bl), n. Eccl. Sleeveless vestment worn over the alb and stole. [Fr. ; from E. E. casubula; from L. casula, mantle, dim. of casa, house.] CHAT (chat), vi. [pr.p. CHAT 'TING; p.t. and p.p. CHAT'TED.] Talk easily and familiarly. [From CHATTER.] CHAT (chat), n. 1. Familiar easy talk. 2. One of various birds of the genus Icteria. CHATEAU (sha-to'), n. [pi. CHATEAUX (sha- toz').] 1. Castle. 2. Country-seat, espe- cially a castle-like country mansion in France. [Fr. chateau.] CHATELAIN (shat'e-lan), n. [fern. CHATE- LAINE.] Keeper of a castle; castellan. [Fr. from L. L. castellanus; from L. castellum, cas- tle.] CHATELAINE (shat'e-lan), n. Ornament at- tached to a woman's belt, having short chains for carrying sundry articles of domestic use. [Fr. ] CHATHAM (chaf am), n. Town, naval arsenal, seaport, England. CHATI (sha-te'), n. Zool. Spotted cougar of tropical South America. CHATOYANT (shat-oi'ant), I. o. Of changeable luster, like a cat's eye in the dark. II. n. Min. Cat's-eye, a precious stone. [Fr. chat, cat, and ceil, eye.] CHATTANOOGA (chat-a-no'ga), n. City, Ten- nessee, on the Tennessee River. CHATTEL (chat'l), n. Any article of movable property; any kind of property that is not free- hold. — Chattels personal, mere personal mov- ables, as money, plate, cattle, etc. — Chattels real, all interests in land less than freehold. [O. Fr. chatel; from L. L. captale, property.] CHATTER (chafer), v. [pr.p. CHATTERING; p.t. and p.p. CHATTERED (chaf erd).] I. vt. Utter in a jabbering manner. II. vi. 1. Talk idly or rapidly. 2. Clatter or click the teeth rapidly, as In shivering with cold. 3. Utter sounds rapidly and indistinctly, as a magpie. [Imitative.] CHATTER (chafer), n. 1. Noise made by chat- tering. 2. Idle, thoughtless talk. CHATTERBOX (chaf er-boks), n. One who talks or chatters incessantly; talkative child. CHATTERER (chafer-er), n. 1. One who chatters. 2. Zool. Any one of a small family of flnch-like perching birds, Including the Bohemian wax-wing and the American cedar- bird. CHATTY (chaf i), a. Given to light talk; talk- ative. CHAUD-MEDLE Y (shod'med-li), CHAUD-MEL- LE (shod-ma'la), n. 1. Fignt arising in the heat of passion. 2. Killing of a person In such a fight. [O. Fr., chaude-mellce, hot fight.] CHAUFFEUR (sho-fiir'), n. [fern. CHAUFFEUSE (sho-fuz').] Expert manager of an automo- bile; one whose business is to manage or op- erate a motor car. [Fr., from chauffeur, fire- man or stoker; from chauffer, make hot.] CHAUTAUQUA (sha-ta'kwa), n. Lake and vil- lage in New York State, 726 feet above Lake Erie. CHAUTAUQUAN (sha-ta'kwan), a. Pertaining to a system of systematic instruction for adults by home reading and study under advisory supervision. [From Chautauqua, N. Y., where the system originated.] CHAUVINISM (sho'vin-izm), n. Absurdly ex- travagant pride in one's country, with a cor- responding contempt for foreign nations; French equivalent of English Jingoism. [Fr. chauvinisme; from Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier and fulsome admirer of Napoleon Bonaparte.] CHAUVINIST (sho'vin-ist), n. One affected with chauvinism. CHEAP (chep), a. [comp. CHEAP'ER; superl. CHEAPEST.] 1. Low in price. 2. Charac- terized by low prices, as a cheap market. 3. Of small value, or reckoned as such; common; mean. [O. E. cheap, bargain; originally, good cheap, i.e. good bargain; from A. S. cedp, price, bargain; from cedpian, buy; from L. caupo, huckster.] CHEAPEN (chep'n), v, [pr.p. CHEAP'ENING; p.U and p.p. CHEAPENED (chep'nd).] I. vt. 1. Make cheap; lower the price of. 2. Lower the reputation of. II. vi. Become cheaper; depreciate. CHEAPLY (chep'li), adv. At a low rate or price. CHEAPNESS (chep'nes), n. Lowness of price. CHEAT (ch5t), v. [pr.p. CHEATING; p.t. and p.p. CHEAT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Deceive and de- fraud. 2. Impose upon; trick. II. vi. Act as a cheat; practice deception or fraud. [From ESCHEAT.] CHEAT (chet), n. 1. Act of cheating. 2. Cheat- er, or one who cheats. SYN. Imposture; deception; delusion; artifice; deceit; stratagem; trick; fraud; swindle; imposition; deceiver; impostor; trickster. ANT. Truth; reality; verity; cer- tainty; fact; genuineness; honesty. CHEAT (chet), n. 1. Name improperly given to fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, tt=w in' Scotch gude; oil. owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch, CHEATER 212 CHEESE-MITE chess. 2. A species of grass resembling oats, common in wheatflelds. CHEATER (chet'gr), n. One who cheats. CHECK (chek), n. 1. Sudden stop, repulse, or rebuff. 2. Anything that checks. 3. Mark put against items in a list. 4. Order on a bank or banker for money. 5. Any counter- register used as a security; counterfoil. 6. Token, serving for identification, as of bag- gage or of person leaving his seat at a theater with intention of returning. 7. Counter used In a game of cards. 8. Term in chess when one party obliges the other either to move or guard his king. 9. Pattern of cross-lines forming small squares, as in a chessboard. 10. Any fabric woven or printed with such a pat- tern. [O. Fr. eschec, check (in sense used in game of chess) ; from Pers. shah, king.] CHECK (chek), v. [pr.p. CHECKING; p.t. and p.p. CHECKED (chekt).] I. vt. 1. Bring to a stand. 2. Restrain or hinder. 3. Test ac- curacy of by comparison with some duplicate. 4. Mark as having been examined. 5. Place in check in the game of chess. 6. Mark with a pattern of crossing lines. II. vi. 1. Stop; halt. 2. Falconry. Change the game while in pursuit, especially for an inferior kind. CHECK-BOOK (chek'bok), n. Book containing blank checks. CHECKER (chek'er), to. 1. Piece used in the game of checkers. 2. One of the squares of a checkered pattern. CHECKER (chek'er), vt. [pr.p. CHECK'ERING; p.t. and p.p. CHECKERED (chek'erd).] 1. Form into little squares. 2. Diversify. CHECKERBERRY (chek'er-ber-i), to. Winter- green. CHECKERBOARD (chek'er-bord), to. Board divided into six- ty-four squares, on which the game of check- ers is played. CHECKERED (chek'erd), a. 1. Marked with checks or squares. 2. Di- versfled ; errat- ic; changeable. CHECKERS (chek'erz), n.pl. Game played by two persons on a checkerboard; in England, called draughts. CHECKMATE (chek 'mat), n. 1. In the game of chess, check given to the adversary's king when in a position in which it can neither be protected nor moved out of check, so that the game is finished. 2. Complete check; defeat; overthrow. [O. Fr. eschec mat; from Pers. shdh mdt, "the king is dead," i.e. can make no further move.] Checkers. CHECK3IATE (chek 'mat), vt. [pr.p. CHECK'- MATING; p.t. and p.p. CHECKMATED.] 1. In the game of chess, to place in a position of checkmate. 2. Defeat utterly; discomfit. CHECK-REIN (chek'ran), n. 1. Short rein hindering the horse from lowering its head. 2. Coupling rein. CHEE-CHEE (che'che), n. Person of mixed Hindustani and English blood. CHEEK (chek), n. 1. Side of the face below the eye. 2. Effrontery; impudence. 3. One of two sides which correspond. [A. S. cedce.] CHEEKY (chek'i), c. Forward; brazen; impu- dent. CHEEP (chep), vi. [pr.p. CHEEPING; p.U and p.p. CHEEPED (chept).] Chirp as a young bird. [From the sound.] CHEEP (chep), n. Chirp; peep. CHEER (cher), n. 1. Frame of mind. 2. Joy- ful spirits; gaiety. 3. Entertainment; kind treatment; that which promotes cheerfulness or gaiety. 4. Shout of approval or welcome; hurrah. [O. Fr. chere, countenance; from L.L. cara, face.] CHEER (cher), v. [pr.p. CHEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHEERED (cherd).] I. vt. 1. Comfort. 2. Encourage. 3. Applaud with cheers. II. vi. 1. Be or become glad or cheerful; be of good cheer; cheer up. 2. Utter cheers; hurrah. CHEERER (cher'er), to. One who or that which cheers. CHEERFUL (cher'fol), a. Of good spirits; Joy- ful; lively. CHEERFULLY (cher'fol-i), adv. In a cheerful manner. CHEERFULNESS (cher'fol-nes), to. Quality of being cheerful. CHEERILY (cher'i-li), adv. With good will; heartily. CHEERINESS (cher'i-nes), to. Quality of being cheery or cheerful. CHEERLESS (cher'les), a. Without cheer; dis- spirited. SYN. Gloomy; dull; melancholy; dismal; Joyless; unhappy; disconsolate; comfort- less; sad; forlorn; dejected. ANT. Cheerful; lively; gay; bright; happy; merry; joyful. CHEERY (cher'i), a. 1. Promoting cheer. 2. Gay; cheerful. CHEESE (chez), n. 1. Article of food, made from the curd of milk coagulated, separated from the whey, and ripened by keeping. 2. Any- thing in the form of, or similar to, cheese, as pomace. [A. S. cese; from L. caseus.] CHEESE-CAKE (chez'kak), n. Pie or short- cake containing curd or cheese. CHEESE-CLOTH (chez'clath), n. Flimsy fabric like that used for wrapping cheese. CHEESE-HOPPER (chez'hop-er), n. Larva of a small fly, remarkable for its leaping power, found in cheese. CHEESE-MITE (cheVmlt), n. Minute Insect which breeds in cheese, flour, and milk. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, ' : CHEESEMONGER 213 CHESTED CHEESEMONGER (chez'mung-ger), n. Dealer in cheese. CHEESE-PARING (chez'par-ing), I. n. Paring or rind of cheese. II. a. Mean and parsi- monious. CHEESINESS (chez'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being cheesy. CHEESY (chez'i), a. Having the nature of or containing cheese. CHEETAH (che'ta), n. Same as CHETAH. CHEF (shef), n. Male chief cook. [Fr.] CHEF-D'CEUVRE (sha-du'vr), n. [pi. CHEFS- D'OEUVRE (sha-du'vr).] Masterpiece. [Fr.] CHE-FOO (che-fo), n. Treaty port on North side of Shantung Peninsula, China. CHEIROGRAPH (ki'ro-graf), n. Same as CHI- ROGRAPH. CHEIROMANCY (kl'ro-man-si), n. Same as CHIROMANCY. CHEIROPTERA (ki-rop'te-ra), n.pl. Same as Chiroptera. ChELONIA (ke-16'ni-a), n. Zool. Order of vertebrate animals including the tortoise and turtle. [Gr. chelone, tortoise.] CHELONIAN (ke-16'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining to the order Chelonia. II. n. One of the order Chelonia. CHELSEA (chel'si), n. Suburb of London, Eng- land, on N. bank of the Thames. CHEMIC (kem'ik), I. a. Of or pertaining to chemistry. II. n. Chlorid of lime. CHEMICAL (kem'ik-al), I. a. Of or pertaining to chemistry. II. n. Substance having a def- inite chemical composition. CHEMICALLY (kem'ik-al-I), adv. By a chem- ical process. CHEMISE (she-mez'), n. Shift or undergarment worn by women. [Fr.] CHEMISETTE (shem-i-zef), n. Kind of bodice worn by women; lace or muslin which fills up the open front of a woman's dress. [Fr., dim. of chemise.] CHEMISM (kein'izm), n. Chemical action. CHEMIST (kem'ist), n. 1. One skilled in chem- istry. 2. Dealer in chemicals; druggist or apothecary. [Abbr. of ALCHEMIST.] CHEMISTRY (kem'is-tri), n. 1. Science which treats of the properties of substances both elementary and compound, and of the laws of their combination and action one upon an- other. 2. Treatise on this science. [From CHEMIST.] CHE31NITZ (kem'nits), n. Manufacturing town in Saxony, Germany. CHENILLE (she-neT), n. Velvety-looking cord used in ornamental sewing, drapery, and manufactured trimmings. [Fr. chenille, cat- erpillar.] CHEOPLASTIC (ke-o-plas'tik), a. Descriptive of metal alloy used to mold artificial teeth to fit the mouth. CHEQUE (chek), n. Common spelling in Eng- land for CHECK, an order upon a bank or banker for money. CHEQUER (chek'er), n. and v. Common spelling in England for CHECKER. CHERBOURG (sher-burg'; Fr. shar-bor'), n. Seaport and naval station, on the Channel, France. CHERIMOYER (cher-i-moi'er), n. Same as CHIRIMOYA. CHERISH (cher'ish), vt. [pr.p. CHER'ISHING; p.t. and p.p. CHERISHED (cher'isht).] 1. Pro- tect and treat with affection. 2. Nurture; nurse. 3. Entertain in the mind; indulge; foster. [Fr. cherir; from cher, dear; from L. cams, dear.] SYN. Nourish; encourage; comfort; support; entertain; harbor; value. ANT. Stifle; abandon; discard; discourage; de- spise; contemn. CHEROOT ( she-rot'), n. Kind of cigar having both ends cut off. Originally made only In Manila. [Fr. cheroute; from Tamil shuruttu, roll.] CHERRY (cher'i), I. n. [pi. CHER'RIES.] 1. Small stone-fruit of many species of the genus Prunus. 2. Tree that bears this fruit. 3. Wood of this tree. II. a. 1. Like a cherry in color; ruddy. 2. Made of cherry or of cherry- wood. [A. S. ciris.] CHERT (chert), n. Hornstone; any impure flinty rock. [Ir. ceart, pebble.] CHERUB (cher'ub), n. [pi. ^ CHERUBS or CHERUBIM (cher'u-bim).] 1. Angelic be- ing, frequently mentioned in Scripture, and usually repre- sented in art by child's head with wings. 2. Beautiful child. [Heb. k'rubh; pi. k'rubhim,] CHERUBIC (che-ro'bik), CHERUBICAL (che- ro'bik-al), a. Pertaining to cherubs; angelic. CHERUP (cher'up), v. [pr.p. CHER'UPING; p.t. and p.p. CHERUPED (cher'upt).] I. vt. Urge on by chirruping; quicken; chirrup. II. vi. Chirp; chirrup. [Imitative.] CHERVIL (cher'vil), «. Umbelliferous plant, cultivated as a pot-herb. [A. S. cerfille.] Chesapeake (ches'a-pek) Bay. inlet of Atlantic, Maryland and Virginia. CHESS (ches), n. Bot. Oat-like grass, common in wheatfields, and usually called cheat. CHESS (ches), n. Game of skill for two persons or parties, played on a chessboard (a check- ered board divided into sixty-four squares), with two sets of chessmen. [Fr.esc^ec; Pers. shah, king. See CHECK.] CHESSBOARD (ches'bord), n. Board on which the game of chess is played. [See CHESS.] CHESSMAN (ches'man), n. [pi. CHESSMEN.] Piece used in the game of chess. CHEST (chest), n. 1. Large strong box, coffer, or other receptacle. 2. Anat. Thorax. [A. S. cyst.] CHESTED (chest'ed), a. Having a chest; used fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, b$rn., \}=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CHEST-NOTE 214 CHIEF > Chetah (Felis jubata). 1. Horse. 2. Support only In compounds, as broad-cftesfed, narrow- thested. CHEST-NOTE (chest'nfit), n. In singing or speaking, a deep note; the lowest sound of the voice. CHESTNUT (ches'nut), I. n. 1. Valuable forest tree, the Castanea vesca, its wood, or its edible nut, which grows in a prickly case or bur. 2. Reddish-brown color. 3. Stale joke. (Slang.) II. a. 1. Of the color of a chestnut; reddish-brown. 2. Made of chestnut wood. [Fr. chdtaigne; from Castana, in Pontus.] CHETAH (che'- ta), n. Hunting leopard of southern Asia and northern Africa. [Hind. chita, speckled.] CHEVAL (she- val'), n. [pi. CHEVAUX (she-vo')-] of any kind. [Fr.] CHEVAL-DE-FRISE (she-val'de-frez'), n. [pi. CHEVAUX-BE-FKISE (she-vo'de-frez').] Fori. Piece of timber armed with spikes, used to de- fend a passage or to stop cavalry. [Fr.; from chevaly horse, and Friesland.] CHEVAL-GLASS (she-val'glas), n. Large glass or mirror supported on a frame. [See CHEVAL.] CHEVALIER (shev-a-ler'), n. Cavalier; knight. [Fr.] Cheviot (chev'i-ut), n. breed of short-wooled Cheviot Hills. 2. [c-] wool of Cheviot sheep. Cheviot Hills (chev'i-ut wiz). tween England and Scotland. CHEVRON (shev'run), n. 1. Mil. Distinguish- ing mark on the coat-sleeve of a non-com- missioned officer, consisting of bands of cloth arranged in the shape of the letter V. 2. Arch. Zigzag molding. 3. Any zigzag pattern. [Fr. ; from chevron, rafter; from chevre, goat.] CHEW (cho), v. [pr.p. CHEWING; p.t. and p.p. CHEWED (chod).] I. vt. 1. Cut and bruise or grind with the teeth; masticate. 2. Fig- uratively, meditate. II. vi. 1. Ruminate. 2. Use chewing-tobacco. [A. S. ceowan.] CHEW (cho), n. 1. That which is chewed; cud; quid. 2. Quantity for chewing at one time, as a chew of tobacco. CHE WINK (che-wingk'), n. Name commonly given to a large American finch. [From its note.] CHEYENNE (shl-en'), n. Capital of Wyoming. CHIAROSCURO (kyar-os-ko'ro), n. 1. Art of representing light in shadow and shadow in light in paintings. 2. Distribution or blending of light and shade. [It., "clear-obscure."] CHIBOUK, CHIBOUQUE (chi-bok'), n. Long straight-stemmed Turkish pipe for smoking. [Turk.] 1. One of a hearty sheep reared on the Cloth made from the Range be- CHIC (shSk), I. n. 1. Style; fashion; address. 2. Adroitness; knack. II. a. Stylish; natty; up to the mark. [Fr.] CHICAGO (shi-ka'go), n. City, Illinois, S. W. shore of Lake Michigan. CHICANE (shi-kan'), n. Trick or artifice. [Fr., sharp practice at law.] CHICANERY (shi-ka'ner-i), n. Artifice or trick- ery; especially in legal proceedings; chicane. CHICK (chik), n. 1. Young domestic fowl. 2. Young bird of any kind. 3. Young child; term of endearment. [See CHICKEN.] CHICKADEE (chik'a-de), n. Black-cap tit- mouse. [From its note.] CHICKAHOMINY (chik-a-hom'i-ni), n. Afflu- ent of James river in Virginia. CHICKAMAUGA (chik-a-ma'ga), n. River in Tennessee, scene of battle September 19-20, 1863. CHICKAREE (chik'a-re), n. American red squirrel. [From its cry.] CHICKEN (chik'en), n. 1. Young bird, espe- cially young domestic fowl. 2. Loosely, do- mestic fowl, old or young, or its flesh. 3. Young person; child. [A. S. cicen.] CHICKEN-HEARTED (chik'en-hart-ed), a. Timid; cowardly. CHICKEN-POX (chik'en-poks), n. Pathol. Mild eruptive disease, chiefly of children. CHICK-PEA (chik'pe), n. Species of dwarf pea, used for food like lentils. [Fr. chiche.] CHICK WEED (chik'wed), n. Low creeping weed, the seeds of which are a favorite food of several small birds. CHICLE (chik'l), n. Gum produced in the heart of the fruit of a tropical American tree (Achrce sapota), from which chewing gum is exten- sively prepared. CHICORY(chik'o-ri), n. Hot. Perennial plant, bearing clusters of intensely blue flow- ers and having a long carrot-like root, which when roasted and ground is used to adulterate coffee. Its leaves are also used as a salad. [Fr. chicoree; from L. cichorium; from Gr. hichorion.'] CHIDE fchid), v. [p p.p. CHID'DEN or CHID.] I. vt. 1. Reprove by words; rebuke; scold. 2. Beat noisily against; fret. II. vi. 1. Find fault; scold. 2. Make a clamoring noise ; bay. [A. S. cldan.] CHIEF (chef), I. a. 1. Highest in authority; principal; head. 2. Most important; deserving the greatest respect or attention; first. II. n. 1. Head or principal person; leader. 2. Prin- cipal thing or part. 3. Prime mover or actor; principal agent. [Fr. chefs from L. capur head.] Chicory (Cichorium intybus). r.p. CHI'DING; p.t. CHID; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CHIEFLY 215 CHIMB SYN. Principal; leading; main; first; paramount; supreme; prime; grand; vital; great; preeminent; superior; especial; high- est. ANT. Subordinate; minor; inferior; lowest; least. CHIEFLY (chef li), adv. Principally. CHIEFTAIN (chef tin), n. 1. Head of a clan or tribe. 2. Leader or commander. CHIEFTAINCY (chef tin-si), CHIEFTAINSHIP (chef tin-ship), n. Rank or position of a chief- tain. CHIFFON (shifun or she-fang'), n. 1. Thin gauzy material. 2. Any merely ornamental part of a woman's dress. [Fr.] CHIFFONIER (shif-o- ngr'), n. 1. H*gh nar- row bureau. 2. Orna- mental cabinet or cup- board. 3. Rag gather- er. [Fr., from chiffon; chlffe, rag.] CHIGGER (chig'er), n. Zool. Small insect off the flea kind, the Trombidium autumn- ale, which sometimes Infests grass in au- tumn and is very troublesome. [Etym. doubtful.] CHIGNON (she'nyang), n. Woman's hair gathered and resting on the back of the neck. [Fr.] CHIGOE (chig'6), CHIGRE (chig'er), n. Very small flea of the West Indies, which buries itself beneath the hu- skin and produces Chiffonier Chigoe (Sarcop- sylla penetrans). Largest state of man s k in troublesome sores. [Fr. chiauc, from Sp. chico, small.] Chihuahua (che-wa'wa), n. Mexico. Area 87,802 sq. m. CHILBLAIN (chil'blan), n. Pathol. Blain or sore on the hands, feet, etc., caused by cold or frost. [CHILL and BLAIN. CHILD (child), n. [pi. CHIL'DREN.] 1. Infant or very young person. 2. Descendant in the first degree; son or daughter. 3. Descendant, however remote. 4. Result, product, or effect of anything, as child of integrity, child of sin, etc. 5. One young in knowledge, experience, judgment or attainments. 6. Childe. 7. Anything likened to a child. [A. S. did.] CHILDBED (child'bed), n. State attending childbirth ; confinement. CHILDBIRTH (child'berth), n. Giving birth to a child ; parturition. CHILDE (child), n. Title formerly given to the son of a noble, till admission to knighthood. [Same as CHILD.] CHILDHOOD (chfld'hQd), n. 1. State of being a -Second 2. Senor German Ries- co, ex-president of Chile. child. 2. Time of one's being a child childhood, childishness of old age. CHILDISH (child'lsh), a. 1. Like a child. Trifling; puerile. 3. Senile; silly. SYN. Boyish; juvenile; silly; puerile; trifling; weak. ANT. Manly; wise; resolute; strenuous. CHILDISHLY (child'ish-li), adv. In a childish manner. CHILDISHNESS (child'ish-nes), n. 1. Simplicity of manners or disposition. 2. Puerility; weak- ness of intellect. CHILDLESS (child'les), a. Without a child. CHILDLIKE (child'lik), a. Like a child; docile; innocent. CHILDREN (chil'dren), n. Plural of CHILD. CHILE (che'la), n. Republic, W. coast of S. America. Area 307,620 sq. m. Chilean, Chilian (che r - le-an), n. Native or citizen of Chile, a South American republic. CHILE CON CARNE (che'la kon kar'na). Mexican dish consisting principally of pulverized chilies, fried and then boiled with water and diced meat. [Sp., chili, with meat.] CHILI (che'le), n. [pi. CHI'- LIES.] Pod or fruit of the Guinea pepper (Capsicum annuum). [Sp.] CHILIAD (kil'i-ad), n. 1. One thousand. 2. Period of a thousand years. [Gr., from chilioi, one thousand.] CHILL (chil), I. n. 1. Coldness. 2. Pathol. Sudden sensation of coolness, generally accom- panied with shivering. 3. Sudden check to warmth of manner or feeling; discourage- ment. 4. Anything that chills or cools suddenly. II. a. 1. Slightly cold. 2. Shivering with cold. 3. Reserved; distant; formal. [A. S. cele, dele. See COLD.] CHILL (chil), v. [pr.p. CHILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHDLLED (child).] I. vt. 1. Make chill or cold. 2. Blast with cold. 3. Discourage. 4. Harden (steel and iron). II. vi. Grow cold. CHILLED (child), a. 1. Made cold. 2. Hardened by chilling, as iron. CHILLI (chil'i), n. Same as CHILI. CHILLINESS (chil'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being chilly. CHILLY (chil'i), a. 1. Having a sensation of coldness or of being chilled. 2. Causing a sensation of coldness or chilliness. 3. Cold in manners; distant; cool. CHIMvERA (ki-me'ra), n. Same as CHIMERA. CHIMB, CHIME (chim), n. 1. Rim formed by the ends of the staves of a cask. 2. Naut. Hollowed or beveled channel in the waterwaj' of a ship's deck. [A. S. dm; cog. with Dut. kirn, and Ger. kimme, edge.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii-w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CHIME 216 CHIP CHIME (chlm), n. 1. Harmonic or consonant sound of several instruments or bells. 2. Any sound in harmony or accord. 3. Correspond- ence in sound or proportion. 4. Set of bells attuned to a scale. [L. cymbalum, cymbal.] CHIME (chlm), v. [pr.p. CHIMING; p.t. and p.p. CHIMED (chlmd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to sound In harmony. 2. Utter harmoniously. II. vi. 1. Sound in harmony. 2. Accord or agree. CHIMER (chi'mer), n. One who chimes. Chimera, Chimera (ki-me'ra), n. 1. Zooi. Genus of fishes, often ranked along with the sharks and rays. 2. [c-] Picture of an animal having its parts made up of various animals. 3. [c-] Any wild or idle fancy. [L. Chimcera; from Gr. Chimaira, fabulous, fire-spouting monster, with a lion's head, a serpent's tail, and a goat's body; from chimaira, she-goat.] CHIMERE (shi-mer'), n. Upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are attached. [Sp. chamarra, sheepskin.] CHIMERICAL (ki-mer'ik-al), a. Of the nature of a chimera; wild; fanciful; visionary. CHIMEBICALLY (ki-mer'ik-al-i), adv. In a chimerical manner. CHIMNEY (chim'ni), n. 1. Flue; vent or passage for the escape of smoke from a fire. 2. Tube of glass placed over the flame of a lamp to Intensify combustion. 3. Portion of flue stand- ing above the roof. [Gr. kaminos, furnace.] CHIMNEY-CORNER (chim'ni-karn-er), n. 1. In old style chimneys, the space between the fire and the wall forming the sides of the fire- place. 2. Fireside. CHIMNEY-SWALLOW (chim'ni- swol-6), n. Swallow or swift which builds its nest in chimneys. CHIMPANZEE (chim-pan'ze), n. African ape; the highest of the anthropoid apes; belonging to the same genus as the gorilla. [West African.] CHIN (chin), n. Jutting part of the face below the mouth. [A. S. cin.] CHINA (chi'na),n. Empire, E.Asia. Area 4,277,170 sq. m. CHINA (chi'na), n. Fine kind of earthenware, originally made in Chimpanzee . China. Chinaman ( chi 'na-man) , n. [pi. Chinamen. ] A native of China; a Chinese. CHINCAPIN (ching'ka- pin),n. Same as CHIN- KAPIN. CHINCH (chinch), n. 1. Insect very destructive to sprouting grain. 2. Bedbug. [Sp. chineh; from L. cimex, bug.] CHINCHILLA (chin- chil'a), n. 1. Small re dent quadruped of South America, Chinchilla (Chincilla lanigera). valued for its soft gray fur. 2. Fur of the chin- chilla. 3. Fabric made in imitation of this fur. [Sp.] CHINE (chin), n. 1. Spine or backbone. 2. Piece of the backbone of an animal and ad- joining parts for cooking. 3. Ridge; crest. [O. Fr. eschine, backbone.] CHINE (chin), n. Narrow, precipitous ravine. [A. S. cinu; cinan, crack.] Chinese (chi-neso, i. n. [pi. Chinese'.] i. Native of China, or member of the branch of the Mongolian race inhabiting China. 2. Language of the people of China. II. a. Of or per- taining to China. Cleft; [A. S. Li Hung Chang, Chinese diplomat. Born 1822— died 1901. CHINK (chingk), n. narrow opening. cinu, cleft.] CHINK (chingk), v. [pr.p. CHINK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHINKED (chingkt).] I. vt. Cause to open in cracks or slits. II. vi. Fill up chinks or cracks. CHINK (chingk), n. 1. Jingling or tinkling sound, as of coins thrown together. 2. Coin; cash. [From the sound made by coins when struck together.] CHINK (chingk), v. [pr.p. CHINK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHINKED (chingkt).] I. vt. Cause to emit a tinkling sound, as by striking coins together. II. vi. Give forth a jingling sound, as of coins struck together. CHINKAPIN (ching'ka-pin), n. Dwarf chestnut, Castanea pumila, native shrub of the United States, or its edible nut. Called also chincapin and chinquapin. [From Am. Ind. name.] CHINKY (ching'ki), a. Full of chinks; fissured. CHINQUAPIN (ching'ka-pin), «. Same as CHINKAPIN. CHINTZ, CHINTS (chlnts), n. Highly glaced printed calico, with a pattern generally in several colors on a white or light-colored ground. [Originally, pi. of Hind, chint, spotted cotton-cloth.] CHIP (chip), v. [pr.p. CHIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CHIPPED (chipt).] I. vt. 1. Chop or cut into small pieces. 2. Break open, as the shell of the egg in hatching. 3. Pare away the crust of, as bread. II. vi. Break or fly off in chips. [From CHOP.] CHIP (chip), n. 1. Small piece chopped off. 2. Small slice or piece. 3. Small disk of ivory, celluloid, etc., used in some games as a coun- ter. 4. Anything worthless or of little value. 5. Act of chipping. 6. Naut. Triangular piece of wood at end of the log-line. 7. Cut made by chipping. — Chip beef, dried beef. — Chip hat, hat made of strips of the leaves of a Cuban palm {Chamerops argentea). — Chip of the old block, person having the characteristics of his father. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn. u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. ' CHIPMUNK 217 CHIVE Chipmunk (Tamias striatus). One whose CHIRO- . Relating Chirog- CHIPMUNK (chip'mungk), n. Squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tam- ias, common- ly known as the striped squirrel. [Am. Ind.] CHIPPY(chlp'I), n. [pi. CHIP'- PIES.] Zool. Small Ameri- can sparrow, the Zonotrichia socialis. Called also chipping-oird and chipping-sparrow. CHIPPY (chip'i), a. 1. Abounding in chips. 2. Dry as a chip. CHIRI310YA (chir-i-moi'a), n. Fruit of the Anona Cherimolia, the custard apple of trop- ical America. Also called cherimoyer. CHIROGRAPH (ki'ro-graf), n. Any written or signed document. [Gr. cheir, hand, and grapho, write.] CHIROGRAPHER (ki-rog'ra-fer), n business is writing or copying. CHIROGRAPHIC (ki-ro-graf'ik), GRAPHICAL (kl-ro-graf'ik-al), o. to chirography. CHIROGRAPHIST (ki-rog'ra-fist), n, rapher. CHIROGRAPHY (ki-rog'ra-fi), n. Style of handwriting; handwriting. [Gr. cheir, hand, and graphe, writing.] CHIROLOGIST (ki-rol'o-jist), n. One who con- verses by signs with the hands. CHIROLOGY (ki-roro-ji), n. 1. Art of dis- coursing with the hands or by signs, as the deaf and dumb do. 2. Treatise on the hand. [Gr. cheir, hand, and logia, discourse.] CHIROMANCY (kl'ro-man-si), n. Art of telling fortunes by the lineameDts of the hand; palmistry. [Gr. cheir, hand, and manteia, prophecy.] CHIROMETER (ki-rom'e-ter), n. Field sextant or quadrant for angle measurements. CHIRON (ki'ron), n. Greek Myth. Centaur known as the teacher of Achilles and bosom friend of Peleus. He had been taught by Apollo and Artemis, and was famed for his learning, music, the chase, medicine, and, above all, prophecy. CHIRONOMY (ki-ron'o-mi), n. Science of gesticulation and pantomime. [Gr. cheir, hand, and nomos, rule or regulation.] CHIROPODIST (ki-rop'o-dist), n. Hand and foot doctor; one who removes corns, bunions, warts, etc. [Gr. cheir, hand, and pous, podos, foot.] CHIROPODY (ki-rop'o-di), n. Art of treating the hands and feet for the removal of corns, callosities, etc., and other infirmities. ChIROPTERA (kl-rop'te-ra), n.pl. Zool. Order of flying mammals; bats. [Gr. cheir, hand, and pteron, wing.] CHIRP (cherp), n. Sharp, short, cheerful sound, made by certain small birds and insects. [Imitative.] CHIRP (cherp), vi. [pr.p. CHIRPING; p.t. and p.p. CHIRPED (cherpt).] 1. Make a sharp, short, cheerful noise, as certain small birds and insects. 2. Talk in a cheerful and lively strain. CHIRPER (cherp'er), n. One who or that which chirps, especially a chirping bird or insect, CHIRRUP (chir'up), n. 1. Encouraging, cheery sound made with the mouth to urge on a horse. 2. Chirp. [From CHIRP.] CHIRRUP (chir'up), vi. [pr.p. CHIR'RUPING; p.t. and p.p. CHIRRUPED (chir'upt).] 1. Make a cheery sound with the mouth, as in urging on a horse. 2. Chirp. CHIRURGEON (ki-rur'jun), CHIRURGERY (ki-rur'jer-i), CHIRURGICAL (ki-rur'jik-al). Old forms of SURGEON, SURGERY, SURGI- CAL. [Fr. chirurgien; from Gr. cheirourgos; cheir, hand, ergon, a work.] CHISEL (chiz'el), vt. [pr.p. CHIS'ELING; p.t. and p.p. CHISELED (chiz'eld).] 1. Cut, carve or engrave with, or as with, a chisel. 2. Make by carving or cutting with a chisel. 3. Cheat; defraud; cut out. [O. Fr. cisel; from L. ccedo, cut.] CHISEL (chiz'el), n. Tool with a beveled edge, for mortising, carving, engraving, etc., usually having a handle, and operated by striking its upper end, or by pressure. CHIT (chit), n. Lively or pert little child; baby. [From KIT, kitten.] CHIT (chit), w. 1. Wedge-shaped chisel for sep- arating laths after leaving the saw. 2. Term applied to informal note or letter delivered by messenger in India and China. 3. Signed slip for money due for small purchases, or as due bill in clubs and restaurants in China and India. CHITAL (che'tal), n. Zool. Lithe spotted deer of East India {Axis maculata). [See AXIS.] CHITCHAT (chit'chat), n. Chatting or light fa- miliar talk. CHITTERLINGS (chit'er-lingz), n.pl. Smaller intestines of a pig or other edible animal. [Etym. doubtful.] CHITTY (chit'i), n. Native money-lender of East Indies. CHIVALRIC (shiv'al-rik), a. 1. Pertaining to chivalry. 2. Chivalrous. CHIVALROUS (shiv'al-rus), o. High-spirited; gallant; noble; knightly. CHIVALROUSLY (shiv'al-rus-li), adv. In a chivalrous manner. CHIVALRY (shiv'al-ri), n. 1. System of knight- hood in feudal times. 2. Usages and quali- fications of chevaliers or knights. 3. Noble- ness and gallantry of spirit; bravery; magna- nimity. [Fr. chevalerie; from chevalier, knight.] CHIVE (chiv), n. Herb allied to the leek and onion. [Fr. cive; from L. cepa, onion.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. CHLORAL 218 CHOLERA CHLORAL (klo'ral), n. Narcotic liquid with a peculiar penetrating odor, formed when an- hydrous alcohol is acted on by dry chlorln gas. [First syllables of CHLORINE and ALCO- HOL.] CHLORATE (klo'rat), n. Salt of chloric acid. CHLORIC (klo'rik), a. Of or from chlorin. — Chloric acid, syrupy liquid, with faint chlorin color and acid reaction. CHLORID (kld'rid), CHLORIDE (kld'rid), n. Compound of chlorin with some other sub- stance, as potash, soda, etc. CHLORIN (klo'rin), CHLORINE (klo'ren), n. Chem. Yellowish-green gas with a peculiar and suffocating odor, effective in bleaching, deodorizing and disinfecting. [Gr. chldros, pale-green.] CHLORINATE (klo'ri-nat), vt. [pr.p. CHLO- RINATING; p.t. and p.p. CHLORINATED.] Treat or extract by use of chlorin, as metals. CHLORINATED (klo'ri-na-ted), a. Bleached or extracted through the agency of chlorin. CHLORITE (klo'rlt), n. Min. Soft olive-green mineral. [Or. chloritis, greenstone.] CHLORITE (klS'rlt), vt. [pr.p. CHLO'RITING; p.U and p.p. CHLO'RITED.] Convert into chlorite. CHLORODTNE (klo'ro-din), n. Powerful anti- spasmodic astringent medicine having chloro- form as its principal ingredient. CHLOROFORM (klo'ro-farm), n. Med. Limpid, mobile, colorless volatile, liquid with a char- acteristic odor and a strong sweetish taste, used to induce insensibility. [First syllables of CHLORINE and FORMTL.] CHLOROFORM (klo'ro-farm), vt. [pr.p. CHLO- ROFORMING; p.U and p.p. CHLO'RO- FORMED (klo'ro-farmd).] Render insensible by chloroform. CHLOROMETER (klo-rom'e-ter), n. Instru- ment for measuring the bleaching powers of the chlorid of lime. CHLOROMETRT (kld-rom'e-tri), n. Chem. Process of testing the decoloring power of any compound of chlorin. [CHLORIN and METER.] CHLOROPHYL (klo'ro-fll), n. Green coloring matter of vegetation; also the part of the pro- toplasm colored by this matter; in the indigo plant, blue. [Gr. chldros, green, and phyllon, leaf.] CHLOROSIS (klo-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Green- sickness, a peculiar form of anemia or blood- lessness. [Gr. chldros, green.] CHLOROUS (klo'rus), a. Of or pertaining to chlorin. CHOCK (chok), vt. [pr.p. CHOCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHOCKED (chokt).] Fasten as with a block or wedge. [From CHOKE.] CHOCK (chok), n. Block or wedge, as for keep- ing a cask from rolling. CHOCK-FULL (chok'fol), a. Completely full; choke-full. Branch of the Chocolate Tree (Thcobroma cacao). CHOCOLATE (chok'o-lat), tion of roasted and ground cacao-seeds, or the nuts of the cacao or chocolate- tree. 2. Beverage made by a solution of the preparation. II. a. 1. Chocolate- colored; dark red- dish-brown. 2. Made of or flavored with chocolate. [Sp., from Mex. chocolatl, choc- olate.] CHOICE (chols), I. a. [comp. CHOI'CER; superl. CHOI'CEST.] 1. Worthy of being chosen; select. 2. Carefully chosen; fit; ap- propriate. 3. Dainty. II. n. 1. Act or power of choosing. 2. Thing chosen. 3. Alterna- tive. 4. Preference. 5. Preferable or best part. [Fr. choix; from choisir, choose.] CHOICELY (chois'li), adv. In a choice manner; with care in choosing. CHOICENESS (chois'nes), n. Quality of being choice. CHOIR (kwir), n. 1. Chorus or band of singers, especially those belonging to a church. 2. Part of a church appropriated to the singers. 3. Part of a cathedral separated from the nave by a rail or screen. [Fr. ch&ur; from L. chorus, from Gr. choros.] CHOIR (kwlr), vi. [pr.p. CHOIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHOIRED (kwird).] Sing in chorus. CHOKE (chok), v. [pr.p. CHOKING; p.t. and p.p. CHOKED (chokt).] I. vt. 1. Suffocate. 2. Stop or obstruct. 3. Suppress ; stifle. II. vi. 1. Become strangled or suffocated. 2. Become stopped up or clogged. [Imitative.] CHOKE (chok), n. 1. Act of choking. 2. Con- traction in the bore of a gun. CHOKEBERRY (chok'ber-i), n. Bot. American shrub, the Pyrus arbutifolia, or its small as- tringent berry-like fruit. CHOKE-CHERRY (chok'cher-i), n. Species of wild cherry, the Prunus Virginiana, or its astringent fruit. CHOKE-DAMP (chok'damp), n. Suffocating gas or vapor generated in coal mines, old wells, etc.; carbonic acid; carbon-dioxide gas. CHOKE-FULL (chok'fol), a. Full to repletion; chock-full. CHOKER (cho'ker), n. 1. One who chokes. 2. Old style stiffened cravat or stock. (Colloq.) CHOKY (cho'ki), a. 1. Tending to choke. 2. Inclined to choke. CHOLER (kol'er), n. 1. Irascibility; rage; anger. 2. Formerly, bile. [Fr. colere, anger; from Gr. choU, bile.] CHOLERA (kol'er-a), n. Pathol. 1. Highly in- fectious and deadly disease due to bacilli, char- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ix=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=:c& in Scotch loch. CHOLERAIC 219 CHORD aeterized by bilious vomiting and purging; Asiatic cholera. 2. Cholera-morbus. [Gr. cholera; from chole, bile.] CHOLERAIC (kol-e-ra'ik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of cholera. CHOLERA-INFANTUM (kol-er-a-in-fan'tum), n. Pathol. Choleraic fever, or summer com- plaint of infants. CHOLERA-MORBUS (kol-§r-a-mar'bus), n. Pathol. Painful non-infectious and non-epi- demic disease attended with purging and vomiting. [CHOLERA, and L. morbus, dis- ease.] CHOLERIC (kol'er-ik), a. Full of choler; iras- cible. CHOLERINE (kol'er-in), n. Pathol. 1. First stage of epidemic cholera. 2. Mild form of cholera. CHONDROID (kon'droid), a. Cartilaginous. [Gr. chondros, cartilage, and eidos, form.] CHOOSE (choz), v. [pr.p. CHOOS'ING; p.t. CHOSE (choz); p.p. CHOSEN (cho'zn).] I. vt. 1. Select or take by preference; pick out; elect. 2. Desire, wish, or have a preference for. II. vi. 1. Will or determine. 2. Think fit. 3. Make one's choice. [A. S. ceosanJ] SYN. Prefer; select; pick; cull. ANT. Reject; refuse; decline; dismiss; repudiate. CHOOSER (choz'er), n. One who chooses or has the power of choosing. CHOP (chop), v. [pr.p. CHOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CHOPPED (chopt).] I. vt. 1. Cut with a sud- den blow. 2. Cut into small pieces; mince. 3. Cause to break open or crack; chap. II. vi. 1. Perform the act of chopping, or cutting with quick blows. 2. Crack open; chap. [Dut. and Ger. happen, cut.] CHOP (chop), n. 1. Act of chopping. 2. Tool for chopping. 3. Piece chopped off. 4. Slice of meat containing a rib, as mutton chop. 5. Crack or cleft. CHOP (chop), n. Chop or Jaw; generally used in the plural. CHOP (chop), n. 1. Passport. 2. Brand or qual- ity. [Hind, chhdp, stamp.] CHOP-DOLLAR (chop'dol-ar), n. Silver dollar of foreign coinage in China, Japan, etc., bear- ing a steel die stamp of each person through whose hands it passes to certify as to its being genuine. Obrerse. Reverse. Japanese Chop-dollar. Obverse. Reverse. Chinese Chop-dollar. CHOP-FALLEN (chop'faln), a. Literally, hav- ing the chop or lower jaw drooping; cast down; dejected. CHOP-HOUSE (chop'hows), n. Eating-house where mutton chops, etc., are served. CHOP-HOUSE (chop'hows), n. Chinese custom- house. CHOPPER (chop'er), n. One who or that which chops. CHOPPING (chop'ing), o. Suddenly and often changing about, said of waves; choppy. CHOPPY (chop'i), o. 1. Rough, with short, quick waves. 2. Full of cracks; chapped. CHOPS (chops), n.pl. Jaws, especially of a beast; chaps. CHOP-STICKS (chop'stiks), n.pl. Two small sticks of wood, Ivory, etc., used by the Chinese instead of knife and fork. CHOP-SUEY (chop-so'i), n. Preparation of finely cut pork cooked with onions, celery and other vegetables, seasoned with soy and other condiments and eaten with rice. [Chinese.] CHORAL (ko'ral), I. a. Belonging to a chorus or choir. II. n. 1. Simple harmonized com- position, with slow rhythm. 2. Tune written for a psalm or hymn. [L. L. choralis; from L. chorus, chorus.] CHORALCELO (k6-ral-sel'6), n. Stringed in- strument played by electro-magnetic influence, by means of keyboard which actuates suitable contacts. CHORALLY (ko'ral-i), adv. In the manner of a chorus; so as to suit a choir. CHORD (kard), n. 1. String of a musical in- strument. 2. Figuratively, means of touch- ing or playing upon the emotions. 3. Geom. Straight line joining the extremities of an arc. 4. Anat. Cord; tendon. [L. chorda; from Gr. chorde, string of a musical instrument, in- testine.] CHORD (kard), vt. [pr.p. CHORD'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHORD'ED.] Furnish with chords. CHORD (kard), n. 1. Music. Simultaneous and harmonious union of sounds of a different pitch. 2. Any harmonious combination, as of color. [Formed from ACCORD.] CHORD (kard), v. [pr.p. CHORD'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHORD'ED.] I. vt. Bring into accord. II. vi. Be in accord; accord. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j In Scotch loch. CHORE 220 CHRISTMAS-TIDE CHORE (chdr), n. [pi. CHORES (chorz).] Light job or turn of work, usually in the plural; regular daily tasks required about a dwelling- house or farm. [A. S. cerr, turn.] CHORE (chor), vi. [pr.p. CHOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHOKED ( chord) . ] Do chores ; char. CHOREA (ko-re'a),w. Pathol. St. Vitus's dance, a nervous disease causing irregular and invol- untary movements of the limbs or face. [L.; from Gr. choreia, dance.] CHORION (ko'ri-on), n. [pi. CHO'RIA.] 1. Embryol. Outer fetal envelope. 2. Bot. Ex- ternal membrane of the seeds of plants. [Gr.] CHORISIS (ko'ri-sis), n. The multiplication of a flower by division, and in clusters rather than by circles. CHORISTER (kor'ist-er), n. 1. Member of a choir or chorus. 2. Leader of a choir or cho- rus; precentor. CHOROGRAPHT (ko-rog'ra-fi), n. Delineation of various regions or districts. [Gr. choros, land, and -GRAPH!.] CHOROID (ko'roid), a. AnaU Resembling the chorion. CHOROLOGT (kd-rol'o-ji), n. Science that treats of the geographical and topographical distribution of organisms. [Gr. choros, place, and -LOGY.] CHORUS (ko'rus), n. 1. Body of singers who perform in concert, as in an opera or theater. 2. That part of a composite vocal performance which is executed by the whole body of singers, in contradistinction to the solo airs, and con- certed pieces for selected voices. 3. Combina- tion of voices in one simultaneous utterance. 4. In the ancient drama, company of persons introduced as beholding what passes in the acts of a piece, and who sang their sentiments between the acts. 5. Originally, a band of singers and dancers employed on festive occasions in honor of the gods, particularly Bacchus. [L.; from Gr. choros, dance.] CHOSE (shoz), n. low. Any article of personal property. [Fr. ; from L. causa, cause.] CHOSE (chdz), CHOSEN (cho'zn). See CHOOSE. CHOSEN (cho'zn), o. Select; choice. CHOUGH (chuf), n. Bird of the crow family which lives in community and nestles in cliffs. [A. S. ceo; from its cry.] CHOUSE (chows), n. 1. Imposition; trick. 2. Originally, a cheat. [Turk, chdush, interpreter.] CHOUSE (chows), vt. [pr.p. CHOUSING; p.t. and p.p. CHOUSED (chowst).] Cheat; de- fraud; swindle. CHOW-CHOW (chow'chow), n. Mixture; espe- cially mixed pickles prepared with mustard. [Chinese.] CHOWDER (chow'der), n. Dish of clams or fish boiled with salt pork, vegetables, etc. [Fr. chaudiere, kettle.] CHRISM (krizm), n. Consecrated oil. [Gr. chrisma; from chrio, anoint.] CHRISMAL (kriz'mal), I. a. Pertaining to chrism. II. n. 1. Case for containing chrism; pyx. 2. Veil used in christening. CHRISMATORT (kriz'ma-to-ri), n. Vessel for containing chrism. CHRISOM (kriz'um), n. 1. White cloth laid by the priest on a child newly anointed with chrism after its baptism. 2. The child itself. [From CHRISM.] CHRIST (krlst), ». The Anointed; the Messiah; appellation given to Jesus as his official title. [Gr. Christos; from christos, p.p. of chrio, anoint. CHRISTEN (kris'n), vt. 1. Baptize in the name of Christ. 2. Give a name to. [A. S. cristnian; from cristen, Christian.] CHRISTENDOM (kris'n-dum), n. I. Part of the world in which Christianity is the received religion. 2. Whole body of Christians. CHRISTIAN (kris'chan or krlst'yan), I. a. 1. Relating to Christ or his religion. 2. Believing in or professing the religion of Christ. 3. Manifesting the spirit of Christ or his religion. II. n. 1. One who believes or professes the religion of Christ. 2. One born in a Christian country. — Christian name, name given when christened as distinguished from the surname. — Christian Science, religious system founded by Mary Baker Eddy of Boston, in 1866, em- bracing the essential beliefs of Christianity, and differing from other Christian sects in the claim that the efficacy of its theology heals sickness as well as sin. ChRISTIANIA (kris-ti-an'i-a), n. Capital of Norway, on Christiania Fjord. CHRISTIANITY (kris-chi-an'i-ti or krist-yan'i- ti), n. 1. Religion of Christ. 2. Spirit of this religion. CHRISTIANIZATION (kris-chan-i-za'shun), n. Act of converting to Christianity. Christianize (kris'chan-iz),t>*. [pr.p. chris'- TIANIZING; p.t. and p.p. CHRISTIANIZED (kris'chan-izd).] Make Christian; convert to Christianity. Christianlike (kris'chan-uk), o. Befitting a Christian. CHRISTMAS (kris'mas), n. 1. Christmas day, the 25th of December, celebrated as the an- niversary of the birth of Christ. 2. Originally, a mass, in memory of the birth of Christ, celebrated annually on Christmas day. [Christ and mass.] Christmas-box (kris'mas-boks), n. 1. Box for collecting Christmas presents. 2. Box containing Christmas gifts. 3. In England, present given on "boxing day," or day after Christmas. CHRISTMAS-CARD (kris'mas-kard), w. Orna- mented card sent from friend to friend at Christmas time. CHRISTMAS-EVE (kris'mas-ev), n. Evening before Christmas. CHRISTMAS-TIDE (kris'mas-tid), «. Season of Christmas; Christmas time. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch g-ude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. CHRISTMAS-TREE 221 CHRYSOTILE Christmas-tree (kris'mas-tre), n. Small tree, usually fir, to be set up in a room at Christmas time, bearing candles, ornaments, and Christmas presents. ChRISTOLOGY (kris-tol'o-ji), n. Branch of theology which treats of the nature and person of Christ. [CHRIST and -OLOGY.] CHROMATE (kro'mat), n. Chem. Salt of chromic acid. CHROMATIC (kro-mat'ik), a. 1. Relating to color. 2. Colored. 3. Music. Relating to or proceeding by semitones. [Gr. chromatikos; from chroma^ color.] CHROMATICS (kro-mat'iks), n. Branch of optics which treats of colors. CHROME (krom), CHROMIUM (kro'mi-um), n. Chem, Metal remarkable for the beautiful colors of Its compounds. [Gr. chroma, color.] CHROMIC (kro'mik), a. Pertaining to or ob- tained from chromium. CHROMIUM (kro'mi-um), n. Chem. Grayish- white metal. Called also chrome. CHROMO (krd'mo), n. Chromolithograph. CHROMOCOLLOGRAPH (kro-mo-kol'o-graf), n. Phot. A reproduction in colors by the col- lodion process. CHROMOGRAM (kro 'mo-gram), n. 1. Photo- graph in colors. 2. Photog. Partial negative used in colored photography. CHROMOLITHOGRAPH (kro-mo-lith'o-graf), n. Lithograph printed in colors. [Gr. chroma, color, and LITHOGRAPH.] CHROMOLITHOGRAPHT (kro-mo-li-thog'ra- fl), n. Art of color-printing from a succession of stones. CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHY (kro-mo-fo-tog'ra- fl), n. Photography in colors. CHROMOSPHERE (kro'mo-sfer), n. Astron. Layer of incandescent red gas surrounding the sun through which the light of the photosphere passes. [Gr. chroma, color, and SPHERE.] CHROMOTYPE (kro'mo-tip), n. Chromolitho- graph. [Gr. chroma, color, and TYPE.] CHROMOTYPOGRAPHY (kro-mo-ti-pog'ra-fl), n. Typography in colors. CHRONIC (kron'ik), a. 1. Lasting a long time. 2. Deep-seated or long-continued, as opposed to ACUTE, said of a disease. [Gr. chronikos; from chronos, time.] CHRONICLE (kron'i-kl), n. Record of events in order of time. [Gr. chronika, annals; from chronos, time.] CHRONICLE (kron'i-kl), vt. [pr.p. CHRONI- CLING; p.t. and p.p. CHRONICLED (kron'i- kld).] Record. CHRONICLER (kron'i-kler), n. Writer of chronicles. CHRONO, stem. Expressing or meaning time. [Gr. chronos, time.] CHRONOGRAM (kron'o-gram), n. 1. Inscrip- tion in which the date is expressed by numeral letters. 2. Record of a chronograph. [Gr. chronos, time, and gramma, letter.] CHRONOGRAPH (kron'o-graf), n. 1. Instru- ment for taking exact measurements of time, or for recording graphically the moment or duration of an event. 2. Chronogram. [Gr. chronos, time, and grapho, write.] CHRONOLOGER (kro-nol'o-jer), n. One who is versed in chronology. CHRONOLOGICAL (kron-o-loj'ik-al), a. 1. Per- taining to chronology. 2. In the order of time. CHRONOLOGICALLY (kron-o-loj'ik-al-i), adv. In a chronological manner. CHRONOLOGIST (kro-nol'o-jist), n. Same as CHRONOLOGER. CHRONOLOGIZE (kro-nol'o-jiz), vt. [pr.p. CHRONOLOGIZING; p.t. and p.p. CHRONOL- OGIZED (kro-nol'o-jizd).] Arrange in chron- ological order or system. CHRONOMETER (kro-nom'e-ter), n. 1. Instru- ment for measuring time with great exactness, such as is used by mariners for determining the longitude at sea, etc. 2. Any instrument that measures time, such as a watch, clock, dial, etc. 3. Music. Metronome. [Gr. chronos, time, and metron, measure.] CHRONOMETRIC (kron-o-met'rik), CHRONO- METRICAL (kron-o-met'rik-al), a. Pertain- ing to a chronometer, or to the measurement of time. CHRONOMETRY (kro-nom'e-tri), «. 1. Art of measuring time by means of instruments. 2. Measurement of time. CHRONOSPHERE (kro'no-sfer), n. Universal timepiece, showing the difference in time be- tween all places. [CHRONO and SPHERE.] CHRYSALID (kris'a-lid), a. Pertaining to or resembling a chrysalis. CHRYSALIS (kris'a-lis), n. [pi. CHRTS'ALISES or CHRYSALIDES (kri-sal'i-dez).] Pupa, or apparently torpid state, of an insect before it assumes its wings. [Gr. chrysallis; from chrysos, gold.] Chrysanthemum (kris-an'the-mum), n. Bot. 1. Genus of composite plants, re- markable for their large heads of showy flowers. 2. [c-] Plant or flower of this genus. [Gr. chrysos, gold, and anthemon, flower.] CHRYSOLITE (kris'o- lit), n. Min. Green transparent or trans- lucent mineral of a vitreous luster. [Gr. chrysos, gold, and lithos, CHRYSOTILE (kris'o-til), commercial asbestos having a strong and silky fiber, which adapts it for such materials as asbestos fabrics, household utensils, theater curtains, etc. [Gr. chrysos, gold, and tilos, fine hair.] Chrysanthemum. stone.] n. Min. Variety of fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, te.h=ch in Scotch loch. CHUB 222 CHYOMETES Chub (Leuciscus cephalus). pitch. [Fr. choquer, jolt; CHUB (chub), n. Small fat European river fish. [Sw. kubb, block.] CHUBBY (chub'i), c. Short and thick; plump. CHUCK (chuk), vU [pr. p. CHUCKING; p.t. and p.p. CHUCKED (chukt).] 1. Pat or tap gently, es- pecially under the chin. 2. Toss; allied to CHOCK.] CHUCK (chuk), n. 1. Gentle blow or tap, as under the chin. 2. Toss or throw. 3. Any game of pitch and toss. CHUCK (ehuk), n. Food; provisions; grub, — Chuck rcagon, commissary's wagon; pro- vision wagon. (Local, Western U. S.) CHUCK (chuk), n. Part of a beef extending from shoulder-blade to neck. CHUCK (chuk), vi. [pr.p. CHUCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHUCKED (chukt).] Make a clucking noise, as a hen; cluck. [Imitative.] CHUCK (chuk), n. Call of a hen; cluck. CEUCKALUCK (chuk'a-luk), w. Game of chance, played with dice. CHUCK-FULL (chuk'fQl), n. Same as CHOCK- FULL. CHUCKLE (chuk'l), vi. {pr.p. CHUCK'LING; p.U and p.p. CHUCKLED (chuk'ld).] 1. Make the noise a hen does when calling her chickens; cluck. 2. Laugh in a quiet, suppressed man- ner, indicating derision or enjoyment. [Imi- tative.] CHUCKLE (chuk'l), n. 1. Cluck, as of a hen. 2. Short, convulsive or suppressed laugh, ex- pressive of satisfaction, exultation, or derision. CHUCKLE-HEAD (chuk'1-hed), n. Blockhead; numskull. CHUG (chug), vi. [pr.p. CHUG'GING; p.t. and p.p. CHUGGED (chugd).] Fish with a gaff or barbed spear through a hole in the ice. CHUM (chum), n. Friend or associate, chiefly among schoolboys and students; roommate. [Etym. doubtful.] CHUM (chum), vi. [pr.p. CHUM'MING; p.t. and p.p. CHUMMED (chumd).] Live as chums; share the same chamber or apartments. CHUM3IY (chum'i), o. Sociable; friendly; in- timate. CHUMP (chump), n. 1. Short, thick, heavy piece of wood. 2. Blockhead; dolt. — Chump end, thick end, usually applied to a loin of mutton. [Ice. Itumpr, log, block.] CHUNK (chungk), n. Short, thick piece of any- thing, as wood, cake, etc. [Allied to CHUCK.] CHUNKY (chungk'i), a. Short and thick-set; chubby. CHURCH (church), n. 1. House set apart for Christian worship. 2. Whole body of Chris- tians. 3. The clergy. 4. Any particular sect or denomination of Christians. 5. Ecclesias- tical authority or influence, as distinguished from the civil power. 6. Any body of persons professing a common creed, not necessarily Christian. [A. S. circe; from Gr. kyriakon, belonging to the Lord; from kyrios, lord.] CHURCHMAN (church'man), n. [pi. CHURCH- MEN.] 1. Member of or upholder of an estab- lished church. 2. Clergyman or ecclesiastic. CHURCH-MEMBER (church'mem-ber), n. One in communion with or belonging to a church. CHURCHWARDEN (chureh'war-den), n. Officer in an Anglican church who represents the interests of a parish. CHURCHYARD (church'yard), n. Burial- ground round a church, adjoining a church, or belonging to a church. SYN. Cemetery; graveyard; God's acre; burying-ground; necropolis. CHURL (churl), n. 1. Ill-bred, surly fellow. 2. Peasant; rustic. [A. S. ceorl, man.] CHURLISH (churl'ish), a. Ill-bred; rude; surly. CHURLISHLY (churl'ish-li), adv. In a churlish manner. CHURLISHNESS ( churl 'ish-nes), n. Quality of being churlish. CHURN (churn), n. Vessel in which cream or milk is agitated or churned, to produce butter. [A. S. cyrin.] CHURN (churn), v. [pr.p, CHURN'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHURNED (churnd).] I. vt. 1. Agitate in a churn, as cream to produce but- ter. 2. Agitate or shake violently. II. vi. Perform the operation of churning. CHURNING (churn'ing), n. 1. Act or process of churning, butter made at one time. CHURR (chur), n. Low sound made by certain birds. [Imitative.] CHURR (chur), vi. [pr.p. CHURR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CHURRED (churd).] 3Iake the low sound peculiar to certain birds. CHUTE (shot), «. 1. Inclined trough, channel, or track down which to pass water, logs, etc. 2. [pi.] Kind of toboggan-slide for boats. [Fr. chute, fall.] CHYLE (kil), n. Phys. Fluid of the lacteal vessels. [Gr. chylos; from cheo, pour.] CHYLIFICATION (ki-li-fi-ka'shun), n. The formation of chyle. CHYLOUS (ki'lus), a. Pertaining to or consisting of chyle. CHYME (kim), n. Phys. Pulp to which the food is reduced in the stomach. [Gr. chymos, juice.] CHYMOUS (ki'mus), a. Relating to or consisting of chyme. CHYOMETER (ki-om'e-ter), n. Device for as- certaining volume of liquids. Revolving Churn. 2. Quantity of fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, bCiru, \X=ii in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. CIBOL 223 CINEMATOGRAPH Embryol. of an egg. scar.] CIBOL (sib'ul), n. 1. Variety of onions. 2. Shallot. [Fr. clboule; from L. cepa, onion.] CIBORIUM (si-b6'ri-um), n. [pi. CIBO'RIA.] Eccl. 1. Canopy supported on four pillars over the high altar. 2. Vessel nearly resem- bling a chalice, with an arched cover, in which the host is deposited. [L.; from Gr. hiborion, cup.] CICADA (si-ka'da), n. [pi. CICA'DAS or CICA'D^E.] Hemipterous insect remark- able for the loud sound it emits from a complicated apparatus of membranes and fibers situated under the abdomen; tree-locust. [L.] CICATRICE (sik'a-tris), n. 1. Bot. Scar in the bark of a tree. 2. Pathol. Cicatrix. [Fr.; from L. cicatrix, scar.] CICATRICLE (sik'a-trik'l), n. minating point in the yolk cicatricula, dim. of cicatrix, CICATRIX (sik'a-triks), n. [pi. CICATRICES (sik-a-tri'sez.] Pathol. Scar over a wound after it is healed. [L.] CICATRIZATION (sik-a-tri-za/shun), n. Process of healing over. CICATRIZE (sik'a-triz), v. [pr.p. CICATRIZING; p.t. and p.p. CICATRIZED (sik'a-trizd).] I. vt. Surg. Apply preparation to, for the pur- pose of inducing a cicatrix or scar. II. vi. Become healed or skinned over; heal, as a wound, leaving a scar or cicatrix. CICELY (sis'e-li), n. [pi. CICELIES (sis'e-liz).] Bot. Any of several species of umbelliferous plants, especially the Myrrhis odorata. [Gr. seselis.] CICERONE (che-cha-ro'na), n. [pi. CICERONI (che-cha-ro'ne or sls-e-ro'nS).] Guide who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; any guide. [It.; from L. Cicero, the Roman orator.] ClD (sid), n. Chief; captain; hero. [From the famous 11th century Castilian warrior against the Moors, styled *'el Cid Campeador," whose real name was Roderigo, or Ruy Diaz (i.e. "son of Diego"). The name Cid is the Ar. seid, seiyid, lord.] CIDER (si'der), n. 1. Beverage consisting of the expressed juice of apples. 2. Expressed Juice of any fruit, as orange cider, pear cider, etc. [Fr. cidre.] CI-DEVANT (se-de-vang'), a. Former. [Fr.] CIENCHYMA (si-en'ki-ma), n. System of vessels secreting the peculiar juice of a plant; lactif- erous tissue. CIGAR ( si-gar') , n. Small roll of tobacco, rounded to a point at one end, for smoking. [Sp. cigar ro.] CIGARETTE (sig-a-ref), n. Little cigar made of finely cut tobacco rolled in thin paper. [Fr.] CILIA (sil'i-a), n.pl. 1. The eyelashes. 2. Biol. Hair-like processes of extreme delicacy of structure and minuteness of size, projecting from cells, membranes, organs, etc. [L., nom. pi. of cilium, eyelash.] CILIARY (sil'i-a-ri), a. Biol. 1. Pertaining to the eyelashes. 2. Pertaining to the cilia in plants and animals. CILIATE (sil'i-at), CILIATED (sil'i-a-ted), o. Furnished with cilia. CILICIOUS (si-lish'us), a. Made of hair. [L. cilicium, haircloth.] CILIFORM (sil'i-farm), CILIIFORM (sil'I-1- farm), a. Like cilia for fineness and number. CILIUM (sil'i-um), n. See CILIA. ClMBRIAN (sim'bri-an), I. a. Cimbric. II. n. One of the ancient Cimbri. ClMBRIC (sim'brik), a. Pertaining to the an- cient Cimbri, a people from central and northern Europe, crushed by Marius 101 B.C. Also called Cimbrian. ClMEX (si'meks), n. Entom. Genus of hemip- terous insects, including the bedbug (Cimex lectularius). [L., bug.] ClMMERIAN (sim-me'ri-an), a. 1. Relating to the Cimmerii, a tribe fabled to have lived in perpetual darkness. 2. Extremely or densely CINCH (sinch), n. 1. Saddle-girth. 2. Sure thing; sure grip or hold. 3. Game of cards similar to pedro. [Sp. cincha, girth; from L. cingula, girdle; from cingo, gird.] CINCH (sinch), v. [pr.p. CINCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CINCHED (sincht).] I. vt. 1. Fasten a cinch around. 2. Get a sure grip on. II. vi. Tighten or fasten the cinch. CINCHONA (sin-ko'na), n. Med. 1. Peruvian bark, from which the important alkaloids, quinine and its congeners, are obtained. 2. Tree yielding Peruvian bark. [Countess Chinchon, of Spain, who was cured of a fever by it in 1638.] CINCINNATI (sin-sin-nat'i), n. Second city of Ohio, on N. bank of Ohio River. ClNCINNATUS (sin-sin-na'tus), n. Lat. Myth. Legendary Roman emperor and general who abandoned the plow to lead the Roman army to victory, and afterwards resumed his agri- cultural pursuits after declining the dictator- ship of Rome. CINCTURE (singk'chur or singk'tur), n. 1. Girdle or belt. 2. Arch. Molding round a column. [L. cinctura; from cinctus, p.p. of cingo, gird.] CINDER (sin'der), n. 1. Charred bit of coal, wood, etc. 2. [pi.] Dross or refuse of burned coal, wood, etc. 3. Scoria; slag. [A. S. sinder.] CINEMATIC (sin-e-mat'ik), etc. Same as KINE- MATIC, etc. CINEMATOGRAPH (sin-e-mat'o-graf), n. Ap- paratus by which a numerous series of photo- graphs, taken at rapid Intervals, and repre- senting some moving scene, is projected onto a screen at the same rapid rate at which they fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CINERARY 224 CIRCULAR were taken, giving a moving representation of the original scene. Also kinematograph. [See EIOGRAPH, also cut under MOTION PIC- TURES.] [Gr. kinema, kinematos, motion, and grapho, write.] CINERARY (sin'e-ra-ri), a. Pertaining to ashes. [L. cinerarius; cinis, cineris, ashes.] CINERATION (sin-e-ra/shun), n. Act of reducing to ashes. CINEREA (si-ne'ri-a), n. Anat. Gray or cellular, as distinguished from white or fibrous, nerve tissue. [L. cinereus, ashy.] CINEREAL (si-ne're-al), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of cinerea. CINEREOUS (si-ne're-us), a. Ashy-gray. CINERITIOUS (sin-e-rish'us), a. 1. Ashy-gray. 2. Pertaining to gray nerve tissue. CINGALESE (sing-ga-les'), I. a. Belonging t Ceylon. II. n. Native of Ceylon; Singhalese. CINNABAR (sin'a-bar), n. Min. Red sulphide of mercury, called vermilion when used as a pigment. [Gr. kinnabara.~\ CINNAMON (sin'a- mun), n. Aromatic inner hark of a spe- cies of laurel, chief- ly found in Ceylon. Cassia bark, which somewhat resem- bles cinnamon, is sometimes substi- tuted for it. [L. cinnamomum; Heb. qinndmon.] CINQUE (singk), n. Number of five, as on dice. [Fr. cinq; from L. quinque, five.] CINQUEFOIL (singk'- foil), n. 1. Bot. Any plant of the genus Potentilla; five-fin- ger; five-bladed clo- ver. 2. Arch. Or- nament consisting of five cuspidated di- visions, used in win- dows, etc. [CINQUE and FOIL.] CIPHER (si'fer), n. 1. Arithmetical char- acter (0); naught; zero. 2. Person or thing of little value or Importance. 3. Monogram. 4. Secret alphabet or writing. — Cipher code. Teleg. Code in which a mimber of words or phrases are represented by single words, or by arbitrary words or syllables. [O. Fr. cifre; from Ar. sifr, empty.] CIPHER (si'fer), v. [pr.p. CI'PHERING; p.t. and p.p. CIPHERED (si'ferd).] I. vt. 1. Calcu- late or work out, as sums. 2. Characterize; depict. 3. Write in cipher. II. vi. Com- pute or work out sums. Branch of Cinnamon Tree (Cinnamomum, Z eylanicum) . Cinquefoil ornament. Circassian. CIRCASSIAN (ser-kash'yan), I. a. Of or per- taining to Circassia, a district of Russia, on the north of Mount Cau- casus. II. n. 1. Native of Circassia. 2. Kind of light cashmere of silk and mohair. ClRCEAN (ser-se'an), a. 1. Greek Myth. Relating to the beautiful sorceress Circe, who transformed the companions of Ulysses into swine by a magic beverage. 2. Infatuating and degrading. CIRCINATE (ser'si-nat), a. Bot. Rolled in spi- rally downwards, the tip occupying the center, as in ferns. [L. circinus, compasses.] CIRCLE (ser'ki), n. 1. Plane figure defined by a curved line called its circumference, every point in which is equally distant from a certain point within the circle, called its center. 2. Curved line defining such figure; circumfer- ence; ring. 3. Any series ending as it begins; cycle. 4. Compass; circuit; inclosure. 5. Circumlocution; indirectness of language. 6. Figure in magic, as the magic circle. 7. Company surrounding the principal person. 8. Class or division of society, 9. Territorial division. 10. Astronomical instrument for measuring angles. [A. S. circul; from L. circulus, dim. of circus.] CIRCLE (ser'ki), v. [pr.p. CIRCLING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCLED ( ser'ki d).] I. vt. 1. Move or revolve round; encircle. 2. Surround; in- close; encompass as with a circle. II. vi. 1. Move round or in a circle. 2. Form or stand in a circle. CIRCLET (ser'klet), n. Small circle or ring. CIRCUIT (ser'kit), n. 1. Act of moving round anything. 2. Area; extent; circumference. 3. Round made in the exercise of a calling. 4. District in which such rounds are made. 5. Pathol. Period or course of disease. 6. Elec. Path in which electricity circulates or passes from a given point around or through a con- ducting path back again to its starting-point. [Fr. ; from L. circuitus, p.p. of circumeo^ go round; from circum, round, and eo, go.] CIRCUITOUS (ser-ku'i-tus), a. Round about. SYN. Winding; tortuous; devious; ser- pentine. ANT. Direct; straight; straight- forward; undeviating. CIRCUITOUSLY (ser'ku-i-tus-li), adv. In a cir- cuitous manner. CIRCUITY (ser-ku'i-ti), n. Motion in a circle; indirect course. CIRCULAR (ser'ku-lar), I. a. 1. Of the shape of a circle; round. 2. Moving in a circle. 3. Cyclic. 4. Designed for circulation. II. n. Letter, announcement or notice intended for circulation among a number of persons. [L. circularis; from circulus, little circle.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=a in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CIRCULARITY 225 CIRCUMPOSE CIRCULARITY (ser-ku-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being circular. CIRCULARIZE (ser'ku-lar-iz), vt. [pr.p. CIR'- CULARIZING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCULARIZED (ser'ku-lar-Izd).] Supply with circulars by distribution. CIRCULARLY (ser'ku-lar-li), adv. In a circular manner. CIRCULATE (ser'ku-lat), v. [pr.p. CIRCULA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCULATED.] I. vt. Put into circulation; disseminate. II. vi. 1. Move round and return to same point. 2. Move or pass from place to place, or from per- son to person, or from hand to hand; be cur- rent. [L. circulatus, p.p. of circulo, move in a circle.] SYN. Disseminate; diffuse; spread; pub- lish; distribute. ANT. Suppress; hush; with- hold. CIRCULATION (ser-ku-la'shun), n. 1. Act of circulating. 2. State of being circulated. 3. Extent to which anything is circulated. 4. Currency or circulating medium. — Circula- tion of the blood. Phys. Natural motion of the blood in the living animal, whereby it is alter- nately sent by the action of the heart through the arteries to all parts of the body, and re- turned to the heart through the veins. CIRCULATIVE (ser'ku-la-tiv), a. Circulating. CIRCULATOR (ser'ku-la-tiir), n. One who or that which circulates. CIRCULATORY (ser'ku-la-to-ri), a. 1. Circu- lating. 2. Phys. Pertaining to or affecting the circulation of the blood. CIRCUM-, prefix. Around; about; on all sides. [L., from circus, circle.] CIRCUMAMRIENT (ser-kum-am'bi-ent), a. Ex- tending or going round about; surrounding; encompassing. [CIRCUM- and AMBIENT.] CIRCUMAMRULATE (ser-kum-am'bu-lat), v. [pr.p. CIRCUMAMBULATING ; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMAMBULATED.] I. vt. 1. Walk round. 2. Go all around; search thoroughly. II. vi. Walk or go round about. [CIRCUM- and AMBULATE.] CIRCUMAMRULATION ( ser - kum - am - bu - la- shun), n. Act of circumambulating. CIRCUMAMRULATORY(ser-kum-am'bu-la-t6- ri), a. Perambulating. CIRCUMCISE (ser'kum-siz), vt. [pr.p. CIR'- CUMCISING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMCISED (sSr'kum-sizd).] 1. Cut off the foreskin of, as in performance of the rite enjoined upon the Jews by the Mosaic law. 2. Purify by, as it were, cutting away the sins (Deut. xxx. 6). [L. circumcisus, p.p. of circumcido ; from circum, round, and cceddo, cut.] CIRCUMCISION (ser-kum-sizh'un), n. Act of circumcising. CIRCUMFERENCE (ser-kum'fer-ens), n. 1. Rounding line of a circle. 2. Line surround- ing anything; compass. 3. Distance round. [L. circum, about, and ferre, bear.] CIRCUMFERENTIAL (ser-kum-fe-ren'shal), o. Circular; circuitous. CIRCUMFERENTOR (ser-kum-fe-ren'tiir), n. 1. Instrument used by surveyors and miners for measuring horizontal angles. 2. Device for measuring tires. CIRCUMFLECT (ser-kum-flekf), vt. [pr.p. CIR- CUMFLECT'ING; p.t.andp.p. CIRCUMFLECT'- ED.] 1. Mark with a circumflex. 2. Rend round. [L. circum, around, and flecto, bend.] CIRCUMFLEX (ser'kum-fleks), I. a. 1. Marked or pronounced with a circumflex accent. 2. Rent over or around. I. n. 1. Accent mark ( A ) used over a letter to denote a rising and falling of the voice on a vowel or syllable. 2. Sim- ilar mark placed over a vowel to indicate a particular sound. 3. Tone of the voice com- prising both a rise and fall on the same vowel or syllable. [L. circumflexus, bending round, from circumflecto, bend round; circum, around, and flecto, bend.] CIRCUMFLEX (ser'kum-fleks), vt. [pr.p. CIR'- CUMFLEXING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- FLEXED (ser'kum-flekst).] 1. Mark or utter with a circumflex accent. 2. Rend round. CIRCUMFLUENT (ser-kum'flo-ent), a. Flowing round. [L. circumfluo, flow round; from, cir- cum, round, and fluo, flow.j CIRCUMFUSE (ser-kum-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. CIR- CUMFU'SING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMFUSED (ser-kum-fuzd').] Pour around; spread round. [L. circum, around, and fundo, fusum, pour.] CIRCUMFUSION (ser-kum-fu'zhun), n. 1. Act of circumfusing. 2. State of being circum- fused. CIRCUMJACENT (ser-kum-ja'sent), a. Lying round; bordering on every side. [L. circum, around, and jaceo, lie.] CIRCUMLOCUTION (ser-kum-16-ku'shun), n. Roundabout speaking; periphrasis. [L. cir- cumlocutio; from circum, around, and loqui, locutus, talk.] CIRCUMLOCUTORY (ser-kum-lok'u-td-ri), a. Periphrastical. CIRCUMNAVIGARLE (ser-kum-nav'i-ga-bl), a. Capable of being circumnavigated. CIRCUMNAVIGATE (ser-kum-nav'i-gat), vt. [pr.p. CIRCUMNAVIGATING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMNAVIGATED.] Sail round. [CIR- CUM- and NAVIGATE.] CIRCUMNAVIGATION (ser-kum-nav-i-ga'- shun), w. Act of circumnavigating. CIRCUMNAVIGATOR (ser-kum-nav'i-ga-tur), n. One who circumnavigates. CIRCUMPOLAR (ser-kum-po'lar), a. Situated round or near the pole. [CIRCUM- and POLAR.] CIRCUMPOSE (ser-kum-poz'), vt. [pr.p. CIR- CUMPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMPOSED (ser-kum-pozd').] Place round. [CIRCUM- and -POSE.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl,-Men, kn=cA In Scotch loch. CIRCUMPOSITION 226 CIST CIRCUMPOSITION (ser-kum-p6~zish'un), n. Act of placing round. CIRCUMSCRIBE (ser-kum-skrib'), vt. [pr.p. CIRCUMSCRI'BING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- SCRIBED (ser-kum-skribd').] 1. Draw a line round. 2. Inclose within certain limits; limit. [L. circum, round, and scribo, write.] CIRCUMSCRIPTION (ser-kum-skrip'shun), n. 1. Act of circumscribing. 2. State or condition of being circumscribed. CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE (ser-kum-skrip'tiv), a. Marking the external form or outline. CIRCUMSPECT (ser'kum-spekt), a. Watchful on all sides; wary; cautious; discreet; prudent. [L. circum, round, and specio, look.] CIRCUMSPECTION (ser-kum-spek'shun), n. Watchfulness; caution; wariness. CIRCUMSPECTIVE (ser-kum-spek'tiv), a. Looking around; wary. CIRCU3ISPECTLY (ser-kum-spekt'li), adv. In a circumspect manner. CIRCUMSPECTNESS (ser-kum-spekt'nes), n. Vigilance; caution; wariness. CIRCUMSTANCE (ser'kum-stans), n. 1. Ad- junct of a fact; something adventitious; in- cident; event. 2. [pi.] State of affairs; one's state or condition; situation; environment. [L. circumstantia; from circum, around, and sto, stantis, stand.] SYN. See DETAIL. CIRCUMSTANCE (ser'kum-stans), vt. [pr.p. CIR'CUMSTANCING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- STANCED (ser'kum-stanst).] Place in par- ticular circumstances, or in a particular situa- tion. CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ser-kum-stan'shal), a. 1. Consisting of details; particular; minute. 2. Dependent on circumstances. 3. Law. In- ferred from circumstances; deduced indirectly, not by direct proof; as, circumstantial evidence. CIRCUMSTANTIALIT Y (ser-kum-stan-shi-al'i- ti), a. Extreme attention to details; minute- ness. CIRCUMSTANTIALLY (ser-kum-stan'shal-i), adv. In a circumstantial manner. CIRCUMSTANTIATE (ser-kum-stan'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. CIRCUMSTANTIATING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMSTANTIATED.] 1. Set forth minutely. 2. Prove by circumstances, or circumstan- tially. CIRCUMVALLATE (ser-kum-val'at), vt. [pr.p. CIRCUMVAL'LATING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- VAL'LATED.] Surround with a rampart or fortifications. [L. circumv allot us; p.p. of circumvallo; from circum, round, and vallum, wall.] CIRCUM VALLATION (ser-kum-val-la'shun), n. 1. Act of surrounding with a wall. 2. Wall or fortification surrounding a town or fort. CIRCUMVENT (ser-kum-vent'), vt. [pr.p. CIR- CUMVENTING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMVENT'- ED.] Get round or outwit; deceive or cheat. [L. circum, around, and venio, come.] CIRCUMVENTION (ser-kum-ven'shun), n. Act of deceiving, or gaining an advantage over by the use of arts and trickery. CIRCUMVENTIVE (ser-kum-vent'iv), a. De- ceiving by artifices. CIRCUMVOLUTION (ser-kum-vo-lo'shun), n. 1. Act of turning or rolling round. 2. Anything winding or sinuous. [L. circumvolutus; from circum, around, and volutio, rolling; from volvo, volutum, roll.] CIRCUMVOLVE (ser-kum-volv'), v. [pr.p. CIRCUMVOLV'ING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- VOLVED (ser-kum-volvd').] I. vt. Roll round. II. vi. Revolve. [L. circum, around, and volvo, roll.] CIRCUS (ser'kus), n. 1. Exhibition of performing acrobats, equestrians, clowns, etc., usually given fo^fffSf-c in a tent having one or ^sSSSspl more ring-shaped areas Roman Circus . for the performers, and tiers of seats for the spectators, arranged as in an ampitheater. 2. Among the Romans, an oblong building without a roof, in which public chariot-races and exhibitions of pugilism and wrestling, etc., took place. [L. circus, ring, circus.] CIRQUE (serk), n. 1. Circular building. 2. Circle. 3. Qcol. Encircling cliff. [Fr.] CIRRHOSIS (si-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Induration of the tissues of the liver. CIRRI (sir'i), n.pl. See CIRRUS. CIRRIFORM (sir'i-farm), a. Like a cirrus. CIRRO-CUMULUS (sir-6-ku'mu-lus), n. Meteor. Fleecy cloud intermediate between the cirrus and cumulus. See CLOUD. [L. cirrus, curl, and cumulus, heap.] CIRROSE (sir'ros), a. Bot. Terminating or coiled in a tendril. CIRRO-STRATUS (sir-6-stra'tus), n. Meteor. Mottled-looking cloud intermediate between the cirrus and stratus. [L. cirrus, curl, and stratus, p.p. of sterno, spread.] CIRROUS (sir'us), a. 1. Meteor. Pertaining to a cirrus cloud. 2. Biol. Having cirri. CIRRUS (sir'us), n. [pi. CIRRI (sir'i).] 1. Meteor. Cloud, like a curled or tufted lock of hair. 2. Bot. Tendril. 3. Zool. Any curled filament. [L. cirrus, curl, tendril.] CIS-, prefix. On this side. [L. cis.] CISALPINE (sis-al'pin), a. On the Roman side of the Alps. [L. cisalpinus; from cis, on this side, and Alpinus, Alpine.] CISATLANTIC (sis-at-lan'tik), a. On this side of the Atlantic. [CIS- and ATLANTIC] CISMONTANE (sis-mon'tan), o. On this side the mountains; opposed to ULTRAMONTANE. [CIS-, and L. montanus, pertaining to the mountains; from mons, mountain.] CIST (sist), n. Tomb consisting of a stone chest covered with stone slabs. [L. cista; from Gr. histe, box.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 1&h=ch in Scotch loch. CISTERCIAN 227 CIVILLY ClSTERCIAN (sis-ter'shan), n. One of the order of monks established in 1098 in the forest of Citeaux (Cistercium), in France. CISTERN (sis'tern), n. Receptacle or reservoir for holding water or other liquid. [L. cisterna; from cista, box.] CITABLE (si'ta-bl), a. Subject to being cited, summoned or quoted. CITADEL (sit'a-del), n. 1. Fortress, in a com- manding position, in or near a city. 2. Ar- mored structure for protecting the gunners on certain warships. [It. citadella, dim. of citta, city.] CITATION (si-ta/shun), n. 1. Act of quoting. 2. Passage or name quoted. 3. Law. Official summons to appear and answer. 4. Refer- ence to decide cases or books of authority to prove a point of law. CITATORY (si'ta-to-ri), a. Pertaining to, in the form of, or of the nature of, a citation. CITE (sit), vt. [pr.p. CI'TING; p.t. and p.p. CI'TED.] 1. Adduce as proof or authority. 2. Refer to specifically; name. 3. Law. Summon to appear in court. [L. clto; cieo, make to go.] CITHARA (sith'a-ra), n. Ancient musical in- strument closely resembling the guitar. [Gr. kithara.] CITHERN (sith'ern), CITTERN (sit'ern), n. Metal-stringed instrument, played with a plectrum. [Gr. kithara, cithara.] CITIZEN (sit'i-zen), n. 1. Member of a nation or state, as opposed to an ALIEN. 2. One who resides in a city or town; townsman. 3. Civil- ian. 4. Freeman. [O. Fr. citeain.] CITIZENSHIP (sit'i-zen-ship), n. State or con- dition of being a citizen; rights of a citizen. CITOLE (sit'61), n. Small dulcimer used in medieval times. [O. Fr.; from L. cithara.] CITRATE (sit'rat), n. Chem. Salt of citric acid. CITREOUS (sit're-us), a. Citrine. CITRIC (sit'rik), a. Derived from the citron. [L. citrus, citron-tree.] CITRINE (sit'rin), I. a. Dark and greenish yel- low, like a citron or lemon. II. n. 1. Citrine color. 2. Min. Rock crystal of this color. CITRON (sit'run), n. 1. Fruit of the citron-tree, resem- bling a lemon. 2. Candied rind or peel of this fruit, used for cooking and con- fectionery. 3. Melon-like fruit, used for making pre- serves. [Fr.; L. citrus, cit- ron-tree.] CITTERN (sit'ern), n. Same as CITHERN. CITY (sit'i), n. [pi. CITIES.] 1. Any town incorporated and governed by a mayor and common coun- cil or board of aldermen; municipality. 2. Any large important town; in England, a town which is or has been the seat of a bishop. 3. Collective body of citizens of a city. [Fr. Citron. Civet-cat (Viverra civetta). cite, city; from L. civitas, state; from civis, citizen.] CIVET (siv'et), n. 1. Resinous substance hav- ing a musk-like odor, obtained from several animals of the genus Viverra, especially the civet, or civet-cat. 2, Civet-cat, a carnivorous' animal of Africa, about the size of a fox. [Fr. civette; from Ar. zabad, civet.] CIVIC (siv'ik), a. Relating to civil affairs or honors. [L. civicus; from civis, citizen.] CIVICS (siv'iks), n. Science that treats of citizen- ship and the relations between citizens and the government. CIVIL (siv'il), a. 1. Pertaining to a community. 2. Civic, as opposed to military. 3. Lay, secular, or temporal, as opposed to ecclesias- tical. 4. Law. Pertaining to an action in a private suit, as distinguished from a criminal trial. 5. Mil. Intestine; applied to a war waged between citizens of the same country. 6. Polit. Connected with, or pertaining to, the internal or domestic government of a state or nation; not military or naval. 7. Polite; courteous; complaisant. — Civil death, loss of all civil and legal but not natural privileges, as by outlawry. — Civil engineer, one who plans railways, docks, etc., as opposed to a military engineer, or to a mechanical engineer, who makes machines, etc. — Civil law. 1. Common and statute law, excepting the criminal law. 2. Specifically, the Roman law. — Civil service, paid service of the nation or state, in so far as it is not military or naval. — Civil war, war between citizens of the same country. [L. civilis; from civis, citizen.] CIVILIAN (si-vil'yan), n. 1. One who is engaged in the pursuits of civil life. 2. Professor of Roman law and general equity. CIVILITY (si-vil'i-ti), n. [pi. CIVIL'ITIES.] 1. Politeness; courtesy. 2. Civil or polite act or speech. CIVILIZABLE (siv'i-li-za-bl), a. Capable of be- ing civilized. CIVILIZATION (siv-i-li-za'shun), n. 1. State of being civilized. 2. Act of civilizing. CIVILIZE (siv'i-liz), vt. [pr.p. CIVILIZING; p.t. and p.p. CIVILIZED (siv'i-lizd).] Reclaim from barbarism; bring to a condition of civili- zation. CIVILIZED (siv'i-lizd), a. Enlightened; in or pertaining to a state of civilization. CIVILIZER (siv'i-li-zer), n. 1. One who civilizes. 2. That which reclaims from savagery. CIVILLY (siv'il-i), adv. 1. In a courteous and polite manner. 2. Law. By way of a civil action, not criminally. 3. In the eye of the law, as civilly dead. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CIVIL-RIGHTS 228 CLANDESTINE CIVIL-RIGHTS (siv'il-ritz), n. Rights accorded citizens by Articles 13 and 14 of amendments to the Constitution of the United States, as well as of other state and local laws. CIVIsai (siv'izm), n. 1. State of being well af- fected towards the government; good citizen- ship. 2. Civil rule as opposed to military. ClVITA VECCHIA (che've-ta vek'ki-a). Sea- port, Italy, 38 m. N. W. of Rome. CLABBER (klab'er), n. Curdled sour milk; bon- nyclabber. [Gael, clabber, mud.] CLABBER (klab'er), vi. [pr.p. CLAB'BERING; p.t. and p.p. CLABBERED (klab'erd).] Be- come thick or coagulated, as soured milk. CLACK (klak), v. [pr.p. CLACKING; p.t. and p.p. CLACKED (clakt).] I. vt. Cause to emit a sudden sharp noise; click; cluck; knock to- gether; clap. 2. Rattle. 3. Babble. II. vi. 1. Make a sudden sharp noise; click; clap; clatter; cluck. 2. Chatter; cackle. [Imita- tive.] CLACK (klak), w. 1. Sharp sudden sound. 2. De- vice for producing such sound. 3. Chatter. — Clack valve, valve having a flap or a hinge which lifts up to let the fluid pass, but prevents it from returning by falling back over the aperture. CLACKER (klak'er), n. 1. One who or that which clacks; clapper; rattle. 2. Claqueur. CLAD (klad), v. Past tense and past participle of CLOTHE. CLAGGT (klag'i), a. Sticky; slimy; muddy; ad- hesive; gummy. CLAIM (klam), v. [pr.p. CLAIM'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLAIMED (klamd).] I. vt. 1. Demand on the ground of right; assert a claim to. 2. Assert; hold; maintain; contend. II. vi. Be justly entitled to something; make a claim; derive title. [O. Fr. claimer; from L. clamo, cry out.] CLAIM (klam), n. 1. Demand for something supposed due. 2. Right or ground for de- manding. 3. Thing claimed. 4. Assertion of a fact; contention. 5. Land located for mining or entered for settlement. CLAIMABLE (klam'a-bl), a. That can be claimed. CLAIMANT (klam'ant), n. One who makes a claim. CLAIRVOYANCE (klar-voi'ans), n discerning things not present to hypnotic visions; second sight. clear, and voir, see.] CLAIRVOYANT (klar-voi'ant), I. n. the power of clairvoyance, or who professes to have such power. II. a. 1. Having the power of clairvoyance. 2. Pertaining to clairvoyance. Clack Valve. Power of the senses; [Fr. clair, One having CLAM (klam), n. 1. Common name for several species of bivalve shell-fish, the best knOwn being the Mya arenarea, or soft clam, used for food. 2. Vise or clamp. [A. S„ fetter.] CLAM (klam), vt. [pr. p. CLAM 'MING; p.t. and p.p. CLAMMED (klamd).] 1. Smear. 2. Clog. [A. S. clffman, anoint.] CLAMANT (klam'ant), o. Calling aloud or earn- estly. [L. clamo, cry out.] CLAMBAKE (klam'bak), w. Open-air barbecue at the seaside at which clams baked on heated stones form the principal dish. CLAMBER (klam'ber), vi. [pr.p. CLAM'BERING p.t. and p.p. CLAMBERED (klam'berd).] 1. Climb with difficulty, grasping with the hands and feet. 2. Grow up by clinging. [Dan. klamre, grasp.] CLAMMILY (klam'i-li), adv. In a clammy man- ner. CLAMMINESS (klam'i-nes), n. Quality of being clammy. CLAMMY (klam'i), a. 1. Cold and moist, as a clammy hand. 2. Sticky; viscous; glutinous. [A. S. clam, clay.] CLAMOR (klam'ur), vi. [pr.p. CLAM'ORING; p.t. and p.p. CLAMORED (klam'urd).] 1. Cry aloud in demand. 2. Make a loud con- tinuous outcry; vociferate. [L., from clamo, cry out.] CLAMOR (klam'ur), n. 1. Loud continuous outcry. 2. Any loud and continuous noise; uproar. 3. Continuous and emphatic ex- pression of dissatisfaction or discontent. CLAMOROUS (klam'iir-us), a. Vociferous; noisy; full of clamor. CLAMOROUSLY (klam'ur-us-li), adv. In a clamorous manner. CLAMOROUSNESS (klam'ur-us-nes), w. State or quality of being clamorous. CLAMP (klamp), n. 1. Piece of timber, iron, etc., used to fasten together or strengthen any framework. 2. Clasping instrument, used by joiners for holding pieces of wood together. 3. Device for gripping the lamp rod of an arc- lamp. [Dut. Mamp, cleat.] CLAMP (klamp), vt. [pr.p, CLAMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLAMPED (klampt).] Bind with, or as with, a clamp or clamps. CLAMP (klamp), n. Heavy tread. [From the sound.] CLAMP (klamp), vi. [pr.p. CLAMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLAMPED (klampt).] Tread heavily; tramp. CLAN (klan), w. 1. Tribe or collection of fami- lies united under a chieftain, usually having the same surname, and supposed to be de- scended from a common ancestor. 2. Clique; sect, or body of persons closely united. [Gael. clann, offspring.] CLAN (klan), vi. [pr.p. CLAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. CLANNED (eland).] Bind or unite to- gether in one body or clan. CLANDESTINE (klan-des'tin), a. Concealed or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n-a in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. CLANDESTINELY 229 CLASP-KNIFE hidden; underhand; surreptitious. [L. clan- destinus; from clam, in secret.] CLANDESTINELY (klan-des'tin-li), adv. In a clandestine manner. CLANDESTINENESS(klan-des'tin-nes),w. Qual- ity of being clandestine. CLANG (klang), n. Sharp, clear, ringingjsound. [L. clango, clang.] CLANG (klang), v. [pr.p. CLANGING; p. t. and p.p. CLANGED (klangd).] I. vt. Cause to send forth a clang, or sharp, ringing sound, as by striking together two pieces of metal. II. vi. Emit a sharp, ringing sound. CLANGOR (klang'gur), n. Repeated clanging. [L., from clango, clang.] CLANGOR (klang'gur), vi. [pr.p. CLANGOR- ING; p.t. and p.p. CLANGORED (klang'giird).] Make a clangor. CLANGOROUS ( klang 'gur-us), a. Causing a clangor. CLANK (klangk), n. Sharp, metallic sound, less prolonged than a clang, such as made by a chain. [Imitative.] CLANK (klangk), v. [pr.p. CLANKING; p.t. and p.p. CLANKED (klangkt).] I. vt. Cause to make a clank, or sharp ringing noise. II. vi. Emit a clank. CLANNISH (klan'ish), a. 1. Closely united, like the members of a clan. 2. Narrow in social relations; exclusive. [See CLAN.] CLANSHIP (klan'ship), n. Association of fami- lies under a chieftain. CLANSMAN (klanz'man), n. [pi. CLANS'MEN.] Members of a clan. CLAP (klap), v. [pr.p. CLAPPING; p.t. and p.p. CLAPPED (klapt).] I. vt. 1. Strike quickly and sharply together, so as to produce an ex- plosive noise. 2. Thrust or drive together suddenly. 3. Put or place suddenly or hastily. 4. Fasten promptly. 5. Applaud by striking the hands together. II. vi. 1. Strike the hands together, as in applauding. 2. Fly shut with a bang. [Ice. Mappa, pat.] CLAP (klap), n. 1. Sharp, explosive noise made by the sudden striking together of two things, as the hands. 2. Burst of sound, as a clap of thunder. 3. Slap. 4. Sudden act or mo- tion. CLAPBOARD (klab'bord or clap'bord), n. 1. Thin board used for covering the outside of wooden houses. 2. In England, a stave for a cask. CLAPPER (klap'er), n. One who or that which claps; tongue of a bell; clack valve; clacker, etc. CLAPPER-CLAW (klap'er-kla), vt. [pr.p. CLAP'- PER-CLAWING; p.t. and p.p. CLAPPER- CLAWED (klap'er-klad).] Claw and scratch. CLAPTRAP (klap'trap), n. 1. Trick to gain ap- plause. 2. Originally, a device used for ap- plause or clapping in theaters. CLAQUE (klak), n. Body of claqueurs. [Fr. claquer, clap.l CLAQUEUR (kla-kur'), n. One hired to applaud in a theater. [Fr.] CLARABELLA(klar-a-bel'a), n. Music. Organ- stop of a sweet flute-like tone. [L. clarus, clear, and bcllus, pretty.] CLARENCE (klar'ens), n. Closed four-wheeled carriage seating four persons with single seat for driver. [Named after William IV of Eng- land when Duke of Clarence.] CLARENDON (klar 'en-dun), n. Print. Style of type having a heavy face. Hg^This line is printed in Clarendon. CLARE-OBSCURE (klar-ob-skur'), n. Same as CHIAROSCURO. CLARET (klar'et), n. 1. Clear red wine. 2. Deep-red color. [L. clarus, clear.] CLARIFICATION (klar'i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of clarifying. CLARIFIER (klar'i-fi-er), n. That which clarifies. CLARIFY (klar'i-fi), v. [pr.p. CLARIFYING; p.t. and p.p. CLARIFIED (klar'i-fid).] I. vt. Make clear or pure. II. vi. Become clear. [L. clarus, clear, and facto, make.] CLARINET (klar'i-net), CLARIONET (klar'i- o-net), n. Wind-instrument of the reed kind, with a trumpet-formed mouth, and played by means of finger-holes and keys. [Fr. clarinette.] Clarinet. CLARION (klar'i-un), n. 1. Kind of trumpet whose note is clear and shrill. 2. Sound of a trumpet, or sound resembling that of a trum- pet. [Fr. clairon, from clair; from L. clarus, clear.] CLARO-OBSCURO (kla-ro-ob-sko'r6), n. Same as CHIAROSCURO. CLARY (kla'ri), n. Plant of the sage family, bearing whorls of pale-blue flowers. [Fr. sclaree.] CLASH (klash), n. 1. Noisy collision of two bodies. 2. Opposition or contradiction as between diverging views or different interests. [Imitative.] CLASH (klash), v. [pr.p. CLASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLASHED (clasht).] I. vt. Strike as in a collision. II. vi. 1. Dash noisily together. 2. Meet in opposition. 3. Act in a contrary direction. 4. Disagree. CLASP (klasp), vt. [pr.p. CLASP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLASPED (klaspt).] 1. Fasten with a clasp. 2. Enclose and hold in the hand or arms. [From the root of A. S. clyppan, em- brace.] CLASP (klasp), n. 1. Hook for fastening. 2. Close embrace; hug; grasp. CLASPER (klasp'er), n. One who or that which clasps. CLASP-KNIFE (klasp'nif), n. Knife, the blade of which folds or shuts into the handle. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=** in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CLASS 230 CLATSHALE CLASS (klas), n. 1. Rank or order of persons or things. 2. High rank or social standing. 3. Number of students who are taught together. 4. Scientific division, specially that subor- dinate to a kingdom, and including orders under it. 5. Loosely, variety, kind or descrip- tion. [L. classis, division of the Roman people as called together; from Gr. haled, call.] CLASS (klas), vt. [pr.p. CLASS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLASSED (klast).] 1. Form into a class or classes. 2. Arrange methodically. 3. Assign a certain standing or position to. CLASSIBLE (klas'i-bl), a. Capable of being classed. CLASSIC (klas'ik), I. a. 1. Of the highest rank in literature or art. 2. Of or pertaining to ancient Greek and Latin authors of the first rank. 3. Versed in the classics. II. n. 1. Author of the first rank. 2. Originally, Greek or Roman writer of the first class. 3. Book written by a classic, especially of Greece or Rome. 4. Any standard literary work. 5. One versed in the classics. [L. classicus, citizen of the first class.] CLASSICAL (klas'ik-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the literature of the ancient Greeks and Romans; classic. 2. According to or founded on the classic authors. 3. Of standard and acknowledged authority. CLASSICALITT (klas-i-kal'i-ti), n. Quality of being classical. CLASSICALLY (klas'ik-al-i), adv. In a classical manner. CLASSICALNESS (klas'ik-al-nes), n. Class- icality. CLASSICISM (klas'i-sizm), n. Classical idiom. CLASSICIST (klas'i-sist), n. One devoted to the Greek and Latin classics, or favoring their being retained in education. CLASSIFIABLE (klas'1-fl-a-bl), a. Capable of being classified. CLASSIFIC (klas-sif'ik), a. Denoting classes. CLASSIFICATION (klas-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of forming into classes. 2. Distribution into classes. CLASSIFICATORT (klas-sif'ik-a-to-ri), a. Of or relating to classification; classifying. CLASSIFIER (klas'i-fi-er), n. One who classi- fies. CLASSIFY (klas'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. CLASSIFYING; p.t. and p.p. CLASSIFIED (klas'i-fid).] Make or form into classes; arrange; class. CLASSMATE (klas'mat), n. Member of the same class with one at school or college; fellow- student. CLASTIC (klas'tik), a. 1. Breaking into frag- ments. 2. Fragmental. [Gr. klastos; from Med, break.] CLATTER (klat'er), n. 1. Repeated rattling noise. 2. Repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds. 3. Noisy talk. [Imitative.] CLATTER (klat'er), v. [pr.p. CLATTERING; p.t. and p.p. CLATTERED (klat'erd).] I. vt. Strike so as to produce a clatter or rattling. II. vi. Make a clatter. CLAUSE (klawz), n. 1. Gram. Sentence which is joined with other sentences to make a larger sentence; so much of a complex or compound sentence as contains a subject and predicate, and can be construed together. 2. Article or paragraph; distinct part of a contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or other writing. [L. clausus; from claudo, close.] CLAUSTRAL (klas'tral), a. 1. Cloistral; se- cluded. 2. Pertaining to a claustrum. CLAUSTRUM (klas'trum), n. [pi. CLAUS'TRA.] Anat. Thin layer of gray matter in the sub- stance of the hemispheres of the brain. [L.] CLAVATE (kla'vat), KLAVATED (kla'va-ted), a. Club-shaped. [L. clava, club.] CLAVECIN (klav'e-sin), n. Harpsichord. [Fr.; from L. clavis, key.] CLAVIATURE (klav'i-a-tur), n. Keyboard of any musical instrument of the piano order. CLAVICHORD (klav'i-kard), n. Obsolete mu- sical instrument, of the same form as the harpischord and spinet. [L. clavis, key, and chorda, string.] CLAVICLE (klav'i-kl), n. 1. %&■ . Collar-bone of man. 2. Merry-thought of birds; Right Clavicle. wish-bone. [L. clavicula, dim. of clavis, key.] CLAVICULAR (kla-vik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to a clavicle. CLAVIER (kla'vi-er), n. 1. Keyboard of a mu- sical instrument. 2. Keyboard instrument, especially the piano. [Fr. ; from L. clavis, key.] CLAVIS (kla'vis), n. [pi. CLAVES (kla'vez).] Key; hence a clue or aid for solving problems, interpreting a cipher, etc. [L.] CLAW (kla), n. 1. Hooked nail of a beast or bird. 2. Whole foot of an animal with hooked nails. 3. Pincers of a crab, lobster, etc. 4. Instrument shaped like a claw. 5. Act or effect of clawing. [A. S. clawu.] CLAW (kla), v. [pr.p. CLAWING; p.t. and p.p. CLAWED (klad).] I. vt. 1. Scratch or tear, as with the claws or nails. 2. Grasp or seize. 3. Haul over; handle. CLAWED (klad), a. Having claws. CLAW-HAMMER (kla'ham-er), n. Hammer with one part of the head divided into two claws, with which to extract nails. CLAY (kla), n. 1. Tenacious ductile earth. 2. Earth in general; hence, the human body. [A. S. cl&g.] CLAYEY (kla'i), a. 1. Made of clay. 2. Of the nature of clay. 3. Abounding with clay. 4. Covered with clay. CLAYISH (kla'ish), a. Of the nature of clay. CLAYMORE (kla'mor), n. Large sword formerly used by the Scottish Highlanders. [Gael. claid-heamh, sword, and trior, great.] CLAYSHALE (kla'shal), n. Clay alternated with disintegrated rock and shale. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c?i, in Scotch loch. CLAYSTONE J31 CLEAT CLAYSTONE (kla'stSn), w. One of the concre- tionary nodules in alluvial deposits. CLEAN (klen), a. 1. Free from dirt, stain, or whatever denies. 2. Free from any injurious admixture; pure; undenled. 3. Free from anything likely to contaminate. 4. Free from any moral stain or pollution; pure; guiltless. 5. Free from bungling or mismanagement. 6. Well-proportioned; shapely. 7. Print. Free from corrections or alterations, as a clean proof. 8. Mosaic Law. Free from any cere- monial defilement. [A. S. clcene, pure.] CLEAN (klen), adv. 1. Entirely; quite. 2. Cleverly; adroitly; dexterously. 3. Cleanly. CLEAN (klen), vt. [pr.p. CLEAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLEANED (klend).] Make clean; free from dirt or impurities. CLEAN-CUT (klen'kut), a. Well-defined; pre- cise; exact; clear-cut. CLEANER (klen'er), n. One who or that which cleans. CLEAN-HANDED (klen'hand-ed), a. Absolved from all blame in a matter. CLEANLILY (klen'li-li), adv. In a cleanly man- ner. CLEAN-LIMBED (klen'limd), a. Having well- proportioned limbs. CLEANLINESS (klen'li-nes), n. State or habit of being cleanly. CLEANLY (klen'li), a. [comp. CLEAN'LIER; superl. CLEAN'LIEST.] 1. Clean in habits or person; neat; tidy. 2. Free from dirt or filth; clean. 3. Free from moral pollution; pure. CLEANLY (klen'li), adv. In a cleanly manner. CLEANNESS (klen'nes), n. State or quality of being clean; neatness; purity. CLEANSABLE (klenz'a-bl?, a. That may be cleansed. CLEANSE (klenz), vt. [pr.p. CLEANS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLEANSED (klenzd).] Make clean or pure; clean; purify; purge. [A. S. claesian; from clmne, pure.] CLEANSER (klenz'er), n. 1. One who or that which cleanses. 2. Med. Purging medicine; purgative. CLEAR (kler), a. [comp. CLEAR'ER; superl. CLEAR'EST.] 1. Free from opaqueness or cloudiness; transparent; translucid; pellucid. 2. Bright; serene; unclouded. 3. Luminous; radiant; shining. 4. Plain; distinct; easily discernible; easily and distinctly audible. 5. Manifest; apparent; evident. 6. Free from hindrance or obstruction; unimpeded. 7. Free from blemish, defect, drawback, or dimi- nution. 8. Free from blame, guilt, or punish- ment. 9. Free from debt. 10. Free from un- certainty or indistinctness. [Fr. clair; from L. clarusy clear.] SYN. Pure; bright; transparent; free; disencumbered; absolved; acquitted; plain; obvious; lucid. ANT. Thick; muddy; foul; encumbered; condemned; convicted; turbid; dubious; unintelligible. CLEAR (kler), adv. 1. Completely; wholly; quite. 2. Clearly; plainly. CLEAR (kler), n. Arch, and Carp. Distance be- tween any two bodies where no object inter- venes, or between their nearest surfaces. CLEAR (kler), v. [pr.p. CLEARING; p.t. and p.p. CLEARED (klerd).] I. vt. 1. Make clear, transparent, translucid, pellucid, or limpid; clarify. 2. Make bright and fair; brighten. 3. Remove, or take away from, that which encumbers, obstructs, or impedes. 4. Make plain or clear; elucidate. 5. Liberate or dis- engage. 6. Exonerate; acquit. 7. Pass or leap over without touching. II. vi. 1. Be- come fair, bright, fine, serene. 2. Become clarified or pellucid. 3. Become free from impurities, encumbrances, hindrances, ob- structions, impediments, distress, entangle- ments or embarrassments. SYN. Cleanse; elucidate; disencumber; extricate; vindicate. ANT. Befoul; con- taminate; pollute; encumber; implicate. CLEARANCE (kler'ans), n. 1. Act of clearing away or removing anything. 2. Act of clear- ing a ship. 3. Certificate that a ship has been cleared, and has permission to sail. 4. Clear or net profit. 5. Elec. Gap space between the surface of a rotating armature and the opposed polar surface of the field magnets of a dynamo or motor. CLEARER (kler'er), n. One who or that which clears or brightens. CLEAR-EYED (kler'id), a. Discerning; pos- sessed of a penetrating intelligence. CLEAR-HEADED (kler'hed-ed), a. Intelligent; sagacious; acute. CLEARING (kler'ing), n. 1. Act of making clear. 2. Tract of land cleared of woods, etc. 3. Method by which bankers exchange checks and drafts, and arrange the differences, as at a clearing-house. 4. [pi.] Gross amount of checks and drafts cleared. 5. Telephony. Operation of disconnecting subscribers who have been in connection, and restoring the lines to their normal conditions. CLEARING-HOUSE (kler'ing-hows), n. Place where each bank member of an association of banks sends all exchanges against every other member, pays all resultant debt balances, and receives all credit balances. CLEARLY (kler'li), adv. In a clear manner. CLEARNESS (kier'nes), n. Quality or state of being clear. CLEARSTARCH (kler 'starch), vt. [pr.p. CLEAR'- STARCHING; p.t. and p.p. CLEAR'- STARCHED (kler'starcht).] Stiffen with clear starch, as linen. CLEARSTORY, CLERESTORY (kler'sto-ri), n. Arch. Upper vertical divisions of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church. CLEAT (klet), n. 1. Piece of wood nailed across anything to keep it in its place or give it an additional strength. 2. Naut. Piece of wood fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. lier; ralte, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CLEAT 232 CLIENTELE _ or iron fastened on parts of a ship, and having recesses or holes for fastening ropes. 3. Thin metallic plate. [Etym. doubtful.] CLEAT (klet), vt. [pr.p. CLEAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLEAT'ED.] Fasten or strengthen with a cleat. CLEAVABLE (klev'a-bl), a. Capable of being cleft. CLEAVAGE (klev'aj), n. 1. Act of cleaving or state of being cleft. 2. Condition of rocks in which they split easily into thin plates. CLEAVE (klev), v. [pr.p. CLEAVING; p.t. CLEFT (kleft) or CLOVE (klov); p.p. CLOVEN (klo'vn), CLEFT (kleft), or CLEAVED (klevd).] 1. vt. 1. Split asunder with violence; divide forcibly. 2. Part or divide naturally; open. 3. Force one's way through. II. vi. Part; sunder; crack open; split. [A. S. cleofan.] CLEAVE (klev), vt. [pr.p. CLEAVING; p.t. and p.p. CLEAVED (klevd).] 1. Stick or adhere. 2. Be attached closely in love or friendship. [A. S. clifian.] CLEAVER (klev'er), n. 1. One who cleaves. 2. That which cleaves, specifically a butcher's chopper. CLEDONISM (kle'do-nizm), n. Abstinence from use of improper expressions. [Gr. kledon, omen.] CLEF (kief), n. Music. Character placed at the beginning of a staff to determine the pitch, either treble or bass. [Fr., from L. clavis, key.] CLEFT (kleft). v. Past tense and past participle Of CLEAVE. CLEFT (kleft), n. 1. Opening made by cleaving or splitting. 2. Crack; fissure; chink; crevice; rift. Clematis (kiem'a-tis), n. Bot. 1. Genus of creeping plants of the crowfoot family. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus, or its flower. [Gr. kUmatis; from klema, twig.] CLEMENCY (klem'en-si), n. 1. Mildness of temper and dis- position; lenity; mercy. 2. Mildness, as of climate. [L. clementia; from Clemens, mild.] CLEMENT (klem'ent), a. Mild; gentle; forgiv- ing; compassionate. CLENCH (klench), vt. [pr.p. CLENCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLENCHED (klencht).] 1. Close or set firmly, as the fist or teeth. 2. Clinch. CLENCH (klench), n. Act of clenching. CLEPTOMANIA, CLEPTOMANIAC. Same as KLEPTOMANIA, KLEPTOMANIAC. CLERGY (kler'ji), n. Entire body of the Christian ministry, as opposed to the laity. [Fr. clerge; from L.L. clericus* priest; Gr. klerikos, from kleros, lot, then clergy.] CLERGYMAN (kler'ji-man), n. [pi. CLER'GY- MEN.] One of the clergy; regularly ordained minister. Flower of Clem- atis {Clematis Virginiana). CLERIC (kler'ik), I. a. Clerical. II. n. Clergy- man. CLERICAL (kler'ik-al), a. 1. Of or belonging to the clergy. 2. Of or pertaining to a clerk or copyist, as a clerical error. CLERICALISM (kler'ik-al-izm), n. Clerical domination. CLERISY (kler'i-si), n. Class of learned men or scholars; literati. CLERK (klerk), ». 1. Secretary or record keeper, as the clerk of the Senate, clerk of a court, etc. 2. One employed as a writer, assistant, copyist, account-keeper, or cor- respondent in an office. 3. Salesman or sales- woman in a shop or store. 4. One who reads the responses in the English Church service. 5. In England, a clergyman or priest. 6. formerly, scholar or man of letters. [A. S. clerc, priest; from L.L. clericus. See CLERGY.] CLERK (klerk), vi. [pr.p. CLERKING; p.t. and p.p. CLERKED (klerkt).] Act as clerk, as to clerk in a store or shop. CLERKLY (klerk'li), a. 1. Clerical. 2. Edu- cated; scholarly. CLEVELAND (klev'land), n. Chief city of Ohio, on S. shore of Lake Erie. CLEVER (klev'er), a. [comp. CLEVERER; superl. CLEVEREST.] 1. Dexterous; expert; skillful. 2. Showing skill and ingenuity. 3. Well- disposed; obliging; good-natured. (Colloq.) [Etym. doubtful.] CLEVERLY (klev'er-li), adv. In a clever manner. CLEVERNESS (klev'er-nes), n. Quality of be- ing clever. CLEVIS (klev'is), n. Shackle and bolt V-shaped, with pin attached to tongue of plow, harrow, etc. CLEW, CLUE (klo), n. 1. Ball of thread. 2. Thread that guides through a labyrinth. 3. Anything that solves a mystery. 4. Corner of a sail. 5. One of the small cords by which a hammock is suspended. [A. S. cliwen.] CLEW (klo), vt. [pr.p. CLEWING; p.t. and p.p. CLEWED (klod).] 1. Coil up in a clew or ball. 2. Naut. Truss or tie up, as sails to the yards. CLICK (klik), n. 1. Sharp clack, or snapping sound. 2. Anything that makes such a sound, as a detent or pawl, latch, etc. [Imitative.] CLICK (klik), v. [pr.p. CLICKING; p.t. and p.p. CLICKED (klikt).] I. vt. Cause to make a click, or sharp, snapping sound. II. vi. Make a sharp, snapping sound. CLICK-CLACK (klik'klak), n. Continuous click- ing noise. CLIENT (kll'ent), n. 1. One who employs or retains a lawyer. 2. Among the Romans, person under the patronage of another called a patron. [L. cliens, for cluens, one who hears or listens (to advice) ; from cluo, hear.] CLIENTAGE (kli'ent-aj), n. 1. Whole number of one's clients. 2. Client's relation to the patron. CLIENTELE (kli-en-teT), n. 1. Clientage. 2. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CLIFF 233 CLIP Whole number of persons patronizing a merchant, shopkeeper, etc.; following. [Fr.] CLIFF (klif), n. 1. High precipitous rock. 2. Perpendicular or very steep side of a moun- tain. [A. S. clif.] CLIFFY (klif'i), a. 1. Having cliffs. 2. Like a cliff; precipitous. CLIMACTERIC (kli-mak'ter-ik), I. w. Critical period in human life. — Grand climacteric, sixty- third year. II. a. Climacterical. [Gr. klimakter; from klimax, ladder.] CLIMACTERICAL (kli-mak-ter'ik-al), a. Per- taining to a climacteric, or to a critical time or period; critical. CLIMATE (kli'mat), n. 1. Condition of a locality with regard to temperature, moisture, etc. 2. Originally, zone of the earth's surface. [Gr. Mima, klimatos, slope; from Mind, bend.] CLIMATIC (kli-inat'ik), CLIMATICAL (kli- mat'ik-al), a. Relating to climate. CLIMATIZE (kli'ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. CLI'MATI- ZING; p.t. and p.p. CLIMATIZED (kli'ma- tizd).] Inure to a climate. CLIMATOGRAPHT (kli-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. De- scription of climates. [CLIMATE and -GRA- PHY.] CLIMATOLOGY (kli-ma-toro-ji), n. Science of climates, or an investigation of the causes of climatic phenomena. [CLIMATE and -OLOGY.] CLIMAX (kli'maks), n. 1. Culmination; acme; zenith. 2. Mhet. Arrangement of terms so as to rise in force and dignity to the last. [Gr. klimax, ladder; from Mind, bend, incline, or slope.] CLIMB (klim), v. [pr.p. CLIMB 'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLIMBED (klimd).] I. vt. 1. Ascend by means of the hands and feet; clamber up. 2. Bot. Ascend by means of tendrils, or by twining, etc. II. vi. 1. Ascend or rise to a higher point, especially by use of the hands and feet; mount. 2. Aviation. Rise by means of the elevator or control. [A. S. climban.] CLIMB (klim), w. 1. Act of climbing. 2. Place climbed. CLIMBER (klim'er), n. One who or that which climbs. CLIME (klim), n. Climate; region; country. (Chiefly poetical.) [L. clima, climate.] CLINANTHIUM (kli-nan'thi-um), n. [pi. CLI- NAN'THIA.] Bot. Receptacle in a composite plant. [Gr. Mine, bed, and anthos, flower.] CLINCH (klinch), v. [pr.p. CLINCHING; p.t. and p.p. CLINCHED (klincht).] I. vt. 1. Make fast or secure, as a nail, rivet, etc., by bending the point that has been driven through anything; rivet. 2. Grasp tightly. 3. Set firmly together, as the teeth or Angers; clench. 4. Settle or confirm; make conclusive, as an argument or a bargain. II. vi. Grapple; take close hold of another or of one another in a struggle. [Causal form of CLINK; Dut. and Ger. klinken, rivet a bolt.] CLINCH (klinch), n. 1. Act or process of clinch- ing. 2. That which clinches; grip; holdfast. 3. Grapple. CLINCHER (klinch'er), n. 1. One who clinches or rivets. 2. Clinch; cramp; holdfast. 3. Tool for clinching nails. 4. Decisive reply or ar- gument. CLING (kling), vi. [pr.p. CLING'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLUNG.] 1. Adhere or stick close by grasping, winding round, etc. 2. Adhere in interest or affection. 3. Be reluctant to let go or give up. [A. S. clingan, shrivel up.] CLING (kling), n. Clingstone peach. CLINGSTONE (kling'ston), I. a. Having the pulp adhering firmly to the stone, as some peaches; opposed to FREESTONE. II. n. Clingstone peach. Called also cling. CLINIC (klin'ik), n. Instruction in medicine or surgery practically at the bedside of the pa- tient; clinical lectures. [Gr. klinkos; from Mine, bed; Mind, recline.] CLINICAL (klin'ik-al), a. Pertaining to a clinic, or lecture given at the bedside or in the pres- ence of patients. CLINIQUE (kli-nek'), n. Med. and Surg. Pre- lection at the bedside; clinic. [Fr.] CLINK (klingk), v. [pr.p. CLINK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLINKED (klingkt).] I. vt. Cause to make a slight, short, sharp, ringing sound, as by lightly striking two glasses or coins togeth- er. II. vi. Give out such a sound. [Imitative.] CLINK (klingk), n. Slight, short, sharp, ringing sound, as of glasses or coins lightly struck together. CLINKER (klingk'er), n. 1. Scale of oxide formed in forging iron. 2. Vitreous cinder or slag formed in furnaces. 3. Vitrified brick or mass of bricks. 4. Scoria. 5. Kind of hard- baked brick or tile. [Dut. Minker; from klinken, clink.] CLINKER-BUILT (klingk'er-bilt), a. Naut. Built with planks or metal plates which overlap each other below, like slates on the roof of a house. CLIO (kli'6), n. I. Greek Myth. Muse of history and epic poetry. 2. Zool. Genus of shell-less mollusks, swarming in northern and southern seas, one species of which constitutes a princi- pal part of the food of whales. [Gr. kleos, glory.] CLIP (klip), v. [pr.p. CLIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CLIPPED (klipt).] I. vt. 1. Cut off or trim with shears, scissors, or clippers. 2. Cut short; curtail, as to clip words. 3. Debase, as coin, by cutting off the edges. II. vi. Move swiftly. [Ice. Mippa, cut.] CLIP (klip), n. 1. Act of clipping. 2. That which is clipped off; shearing. 3. Swift stroke. 4. [pi.] Shears. CLIP (klip), vt. [pr.p. CLIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CLIPPED (klipt).] Clasp in an embrace; hold tightly or firmly; clutch; grip. [A. S. clyppan, clasp.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CLIP 234 CLOSE Clip. CLIP (klip), n. That which clasps, grips, or holds fast, especially a clasp for hold- ing together letters, papers, etc. CLIPPER (klip'er), n. 1. One who or that which clips. 2. Fast- sailing vessel. CLIPPERS (kllp'erz), n.pl. Bar- ber's implement for clipping the hair very short. CLIPPING (klip'ing), n. 1. Act of cutting off or trimming as with shears or clippers. 2. Part or piece clipped off or out, as a newspaper clipping. CLIQUE (klek), n. Number of persons in union for a purpose, usually sinister; faction; coterie; set; gang. [Fr.] CLIQUISH (klek'ish), a. Pertaining to or char- acteristic of a clique. ClOACINA (klo-a-si'na), n. Greek Myth. God- dess of the sewers. CLOAK (klok), n. 1. Loose outer garment. 2. Disguise, blind, or cover. 3. Anything used to conceal one's thoughts or plans; pretext. [L. L. cloca, bell, hence bell-shaped cape.] CLOAK (klok), vt. [pr.p. CLOAKING; p.t. and p.p. CLOAKED (klokt).] Clothe with a cloak; cover; disguise; conceal. CLOAKING (klok'ing), n. Material for cloaks. CLOAK-ROOM (klok'rom), n. Room set apart for the temporary keeping of cloaks, hats, etc., as at theaters, railway stations, or other places of public resort. CLOCK (klok), n. Timepiece differing from a watch in not being adapted to be carried on the person, the time being indicated by the position of its hands upon the dial-plate, or by the striking of a hammer on a bell. [L.L. cloca, bell.] CLOCK (klok), n. Ornament embroidered on the side, or about the ankle, of a stocking. [Probably L. L. cloca, bell, from it being orig- inally bell-shaped.] CLOCK-BIRD (klok'berd), n. Great brown kingfisher of Australia, so called from the regularity of its laugh- like cry at daybreak and nightfall; also called set- tler's clock and laughing jackass. CLOCKED (klokt), a. Orna- mented with clocks, as a stocking. CLOCKWORK (klok'wurk), n. 1. Machinery of a clock. 2. Any mechan- ism that is steady and regular like a clock. CLOD (klod), n. 1. Lump of earth or turf. 2. Ground or turf. 3. Body of man, as formed of earth. 4. Stupid fellow; dolt. 5. Part of neck-piece of beef nearest the shoulder. [Dan. Mode, ball.] CLOD (klod), v. [pr.p. CLOD'DING; p.t. and p.p. Clock-bird (Dacelo gigas) . CLOD'DED.] I. vt. Pelt with clods. II. vi. Form into clods or lumps. CLODDINESS (klod'i-nes), n. State of being cloddy. CLODDY (klod'i), a. 1. Full of clods or lumps. 2. Earthly; gross. CLODHOPPER (klod'hop-er), n. 1. Awkward rustic; clown; dolt; lout. 2. Coarse, heavy boot. CLOG (klog), n. 1. Obstruction or impediment. 2. Shoe with a wooden sole. [A. S. clceg, clay.] CLOG (klog), v. [pr.p. CLOG'GING; p.t. and p.p. CLOGGED (klogd).] I. vt. 1. Encumber or hamper; hinder or obstruct the motion of; im- pede. 2. Choke up so as to hinder free pas- sage. II. vi. 1. Be hindered or retarded. 2. Be choked up. 3. Become clotted or lumpy. CLOG-DANCE (klog'dans), n. Dance performed with clogs, the clatter keeping time to the music. CLOGGINESS (klog'i-nes), n. State or quality of being cloggy or clogged. CLOGGY (klog'i), a. Tending to clog; lumpy; sticky. CLOISONNE (klwa-zo-na'), w. Enamel-work produced in China and Japan, in which the colored parts are separated by metallic parti- tions. [Fr., from cloison, partition.] CLOISTER (klois'ter), n. 1. Covered arcade forming part of a monastic or collegiate es- tablishment. 2. Place of religious retirement; monastery or nunnery. [O. Fr. cloistre; from L. claustrum, enclosed place.] CLOISTER (klois'ter), vt. [pr.p. CLOISTERING; p.t. and p.p. CLOISTERED (klois'terd).] 1. Confine in, or as in, a cloister. 2. Shut up in seclusion from the world. CLOISTERER (klois'ter-er), n. One living in a cloister; recluse. CLOISTRAL (klois'tral), a. Pertaining to or liv- ing in a cloister. CLOMB (klom), v. Old past tense of CLIMB. CLONIC (klon'ik), a. Pathol. Alternately con- tracting and relaxing; convulsive. [Gr. Jclonos, agitation.] CLOSE (klos), a. [comp. CLO'SER; superl. CLO'- SEST.] 1. Shut fast, so as to have no opening. 2. Compact. 3. Well-guarded. 4. Without ventilation; stifling. 5. Narrow; confined; shut in. 6. Near in place or time. 7. Very nearly equal. 8. Having the quality of se- crecy; reserved. 9. Intent; attentive. 10. Strictly adhering to the original. 11. Concise. 12. Intimate. 13. Neighboring. 14. Re- stricted to a few. 15. Concealed; hidden. 16. Restricted by law, as cZose-season for fishing, hunting, etc. 17. Penurious; stingy. 18. Tight; hard to get, said of money. 19. Phonet. Pronounced with a diminished opening of the lips, as a close vowel. [Fr. clos, shut; from L. clausus, p.p. of claudo, close.] CLOSE (klos), n. 1. Enclosed place. 2. Small late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CLOSE 235 CLOUD enclosed field. 3. Narrow passage of a street. 4. Precinct of a cathedral. CLOSE (kids), adv. 1. Closely. 2. Nearly. 3. Densely. 4. Secretly. 5. Pressingly. 6. Tightly; securely. CLOSE (kl6z), n. 1. Termination; end; conclu- sion; finale. 2. Meeting. 3. Clinching. CLOSE (kloz), v. [pr.p. CLO'SING; p.t. and p.p. CLOSED (klozd).] I. vt. 1. Shut. 2. Draw to- gether and unite the parts of. 3. Stop up, as an opening. 4. Terminate; conclude. 5. Elec. Make continuous or complete, as to close a circuit. II. vi. 1. Come together; coalesce. 2. Come to a conclusion. 3. Come to terms. 4. Grapple; clinch. CLOSE-FISTED (klos'fist-ed), a. Penurious; stingy. CLOSE-GRAINED (klds'grand), a. With the fibers, etc., close together; compact. CLOSE-HAULED (klos'hald), a. Naut. With the sails set for sailing as near as possible to the wind. CLOSELY (klos'li), adv. In a close manner. CLOSENESS (klos'nes), n. State, quality, or condition of being close or closed. CLOSER (klo'zer), n. One who or that which closes. CLOSE-SEASON (klos'se-zn), n. Season of the year when it is against the law to kill or catch certain kinds of game or fish. CLOSET (kloz'et), n. 1. Small private room. 2. Side-room or recess for storage. 3. Water- closet. [O. Fr. closet, dim. of cZos, shut.] CLOSET (kloz'et), vt. [pr.p. CLOS'ETING; p.t. and p.p. CLOS'ETED.] 1. Shut up or conceal in a closet. 2. Admit or receive into a private room for consultation. CLOSE-TONGUED (klds'tungd), a. Cautious in speaking; reticent. CLOSURE (khVzhQr), n. 1. Act of closing or shutting. 2. That which closes or incloses. 3. Completion. 4. Conclusion; end; close. 5. Terminating a debate in a legislative body, as in the English House of Commons by the vote of the House. [O. Fr.; from L. clausura, a shutting.] CLOT (klot), n. Mass of soft or fluid matter concreted, as blood. [A. S. clott, clod of earth.] CLOT (klot), v. [pr.p. CLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. CLOT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make into clots; cause to coagulate. 2. Cover with clots. II. vi. Form into clots; coagulate. CLOTH (klath), n. [pi. CLOTHS.] 1. Woven fabric for garments, coverings, etc. 2. Piece of such fabric. 3. Clerical profession; clergy. [A. S. clath, cloth.] CLOTHE (klotft), vt. [pr.p. CLO'THING; p.t. and p.p. CLAD or CLOTHED (klotfid).] 1. Cover with a garment. 2. Provide with clothes. 3. Invest as with a garment; cover. [A. S. cldthian; from cldtJi, cloth.] CLOTHES (kloffcz), n.pl. 1. Garments or articles of dress. 2. Coverings for a bed; bedclothes. [A. S. cldthes, pi. of tldth„ cloth.] SYN. Dress; apparel; attire; array; ves- ture; garb; raiment; vestments; habit; cos- tume. ANT. Nudity; bareness; nakedness; exposure; undress; dishabille. CLOTHES-HORSE (klofftz'hars), n. Frame for hanging clothes on to dry. CLOTHES-LINE (kloffcz' lin), n. Rope or wire for hanging clothes on to dry. CLOTHES-PIN (klotfcz'pin), n. Forked piece of wood to secure clothes on a clothes-line. CLOTHES-PRESS (klotfcz'pres), n. Chest for holding clothes; wardrobe. CLOTHES-WRINGER (kloMz'ring-or), n. De- vice with rubber rollers for squeezing or wringing the water from clothes as they are taken from the washtub. CLOTHIER (klofft'yer), n. One who makes or sells cloth or clothing. CLOTHING (klofft'ing), n. 1. Clothes; garments; apparel. 2. Covering of non-conducting ma- terial, as on a boiler, steam-pipe, etc. ClOTHO (klo'tho), n. Greek Myth. Youngest of the Fates, supposed to preside over birth; she spins the thread of life. CLOTTINESS (klot'i-nes), n. State or quality of being clotty. CLOTTY (klot'i), a. Full of clots; clotted. CLOTURE (klo'tiir or klo-tiir'), n. Act or power of closing discussion in a deliberative body; closure. [Fr.] CLOUD (klowd), n. 1. Mass of visible vapor, floating in the atmosphere at some altitude. 2. Volume of dust or smoke resembling a cloud. 3. Anything that obscures like a cloud. 4. Great number or multitude. 5. Anything gloomy, overhanging, or bodeful. 6. Dark spot on a lighter material. 7. Kind of light woolen wrap for the head and shoulders. 8. Law. Defect; something that renders a thing Imperfect, as a cloud on the title to land. For descriptions of the various forms of atmos- pheric clouds see CIRRO-CUMULUS, CIRRO- STRATUS, CIRRUS, CUMULUS, NIMBUS, STRATUS. [A. S. cltid, round mass; cloud.] Cloud Formations. I. Stratus. 2. Cirrus. 3. Nimbus. 4. Cumulus. CLOUD (klowd), v. [pr.p. CLOUD'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLOUD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Overspread with clouds. 2. Darken; dim; obscure. 3. Stain with dark spots or streaks. 4. Defame. II. vi. Become clouded or darkened. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CLOUDBERRY 236 CLUMSY CLOUDBERRY (klowd'ber-i), n. Species of raspberry, the Bubus chamcEinorus. CLOUDBURST (klowd'bfirst), n. Sudden flood of rain over a small area. CLOUDED (klowd'ed), o. 1. Hidden by clouds. 2. Dimmed; darkened; indistinct. 3. Varie- gated with spots. CLOUDILY (klowd'i-li), adv. In a cloudy manner. CLOUDLESS (klowd'les), C. Unclouded; clear. CLOUDLET (klowd'let), n. Little cloud. CLOUDSCAPE (klowd'skap), n. Picturesque view of the clouds. CLOUDY (klowd'i), a. 1. Darkened with, or consisting of, clouds. 2. Obscure; vague. 3. Gloomy. 4. Stained with dark spots. 5. Dull; wanting luster or transparency. CLOUGH (kluf), n. Ravine; valley. [Ice. clofi, ravine.] CLOUT (klowt), n. 1. Small piece of cloth or leather; patch. 2. Swaddling cloth. 3. Iron plate on an axle-tree, to keep it from wearing. 4. Rude blow with the hand; cuff. [A. S. clut; from Wei. clivt, patch.] CLOUT (klowt), vt. [pr.p. CLOUT 'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLOUT'ED.] 1. Mend with a patch. 2. Protect with an iron plate. CLOUT (klowt), vt. [pr.p. CLOUT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLOUT'ED.] Beat or cuff. (Colloq.) CLOUT (klowt), CLOUT-NAIL (klowt'nal), n. Large-headed nail used for the soles of boots or shoes. CLOYE (klov), v. Past tense of CLEAVE. CLOVE (klov), n. Unexpanded flower-bud of the clove-tree, a native of the Moluccas, used as a spice. [L. clavus, nail.] CLOVEN (klo'vn), a. Split; parted; divided. [Past participle of CLEAVE, divide.] CLOVER (klo'ver), n. Bot. Any plant of the genus Trifolium; trefoil. [A. S. cldfre.] CLOVER-DODDER (klo'ver-dod-er), n. Kind of dod- der that infests clover. CLOWN (klown), n. 1. One with coarse or vulgar man- ners. 2. Profes- sional jester; buf- foon. [Etym. doubtful.] CLOWNISH (klown'ish), a. Of or like a clown. CLOY (kloi), vt. [pr.p. CLOYING; p.t. and p.p, CLOYED (kloid).] 1. Fill to loathing; sati- ate. 2. Spike, as a cannon. [Fr. clouer, nail.] CLUB (klub), n. 1. Heavy tapering stick, knobby or massy at one end, used to strike with; cudgel. 2. Bat used in the game of baseball. 3. Stout stick of various forms, used in games and athletic exercises. 4. Figure Clover-dodder. like a trefoil leaf on one of the four suits of cards, the suit being known as clubs; card bearing such figure or figures. 5. Anything used as a menace. [Ice. klubba, club.] CLUB (klub), vt. [pr.p. CLUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. CLUBBED (klubd).] 1. Beat with a club; cudgel. 2. Use in the manner of a club. CLUB (klub), n. 1. Association or number of persons combined for the promotion of some common object, whether political, social, or otherwise. 2. Place of meeting of a club; club-house. 3. Joint charge or effort. [Ice. and Sw. klubba; from same root as CLUMP.] CLUB (klub), v. [pr.p. CLUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. CLUBBED (klubd).] I. vt. Contribute, as means for a common purpose. II. vi. 1. Form a club. 2. Pay an equal proportion of a common reckoning or charge. CLUBBED (klubd), a. 1. Like a club. 2. Used like a club. CLUB-FOOT (klub'fot), n. 1. Short, deformed foot. 2. Person having such deformity. CLUB-FOOTED (klub'fot-ed), a. Having a club-foot. CLUBHAUL (klub'hal), vt. [pr.p. CLUB'HAUL- ING; p.t. and p.p. CLUBHAULED (klub'hald).] Naut. Tack by dropping the lee anchor and slipping the cable. CLUBMAN (klub'man), n. [pi. CLUBMEN.] Member of a club. CLUBS (klubz), n.pl. One of the four suits of a pack of playing-cards, having a trefoil design printed in black. CLUCK (kluk), n. 1. Call of i hen to her chicks. 2. Any similar sor id. [Imitative.] CLUCK (kluk), v. [pr.p. CLUCKING; p.t. and p.p. CLUCKED (klukt).] I. vt. CaU with a cluck. II. vi. Moke a sound like that of a hen when calling her chickens. CLUE (klo), n. Anything that serves to solve a mystery or lead to a discovery; guide; sug- gestion; inkling; hint; pointer. [A. S. cli- wen; see CLEW.] CLUMBER (klum'ber), n. Small stocky spaniel having a large broad head. [Clumber, in England, where first bred.] CLUMP (klump), n. 1. Thick, short, unshaped piece of anything. 2. Cluster of trees or shrubs. 3. Thick outer sole of a boot or shoe. [Dan. klump, lump.] CLUMP (klump), v. [pr.p. CLUMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. CLUMPED (klumpt).] I. vt. 1. Place or plant in a clump. 2. Put a thick outer sole on. II. vi. Walk heavily. CLUMSILY (klum'zi-li), adv. In a clumsy man- ner. CLUMSINESS (klum'zi-nes), n. Quality of being clumsy. CLUMSY (klum'zi), a. [comp. CLUMSIER; superl. CLUM'SIEST.] 1. Without dexterity or grace; awkward. 2. Constructed without art or finish; ill-made; rough; rude; ungainly; unwieldy. [Cognate with CLUMP.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=a in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch Loch. CLUNG 237 COAL-GAS CLUNG (klung), v. Past tense and past participle of CLING. CLUSTER (klus'ter), n. 1. Number of tilings of the same kind growing in a bunch. 2. Group; collection; aggregation. [A. S. cly- ster.] CLUSTER (klus'ter), v. [pr.p. CLUS'TEEING; p.t. and p.p. CLUSTERED (klus'terd).] I. vt. 1. Collect into clusters. 2. Cover with clus- ters. II. vi. Grow or gather into clusters. CLUTCH (kluch), v. [pr.p. CLUTCHING; p.t. and p.p. CLUTCHED (klucht).] I. vt. Grasp and hold tightly. II. vi. Close the fingers in- to the hand as if grasping at something. [A. S. gelceccan, catch.] CLUTCH (kluch), n. 1. Act of clutching; grasp; grip; seizure. 2. That which clutches; us- ually in the plural, talons, claws, etc. 3. Mach. Projecting tooth, or other device, for connecting shafts with each other, or with wheels, so that they may be disengaged at pleasure. CLUTCH-RAR (kluch'bar), n. Long steel bar with V-shaped clutch at end for extracting spikes. CLUTTER (klut'er), v. [pr.p. CLUT'TERING; p.t. and p.p. CLUTTERED (klut'erd).] I. vt. Heap together in confusion; litter. II. vi. Make a confused noise or bustle; clatter. [Variant of CLATTER.] CLUTTER (klut'er), w. 1. Confused heap. 2. Rustling noise; clatter. CLYSTER (klis'ter), n. Med. Enema. [Fr.; from Gr. Ttlyster; from Jclyzo, wash out.] CLYTEMNESTRA (klit-em-nes'tra), n. Greek Myth. Wife and murderess of Agamemnon; afterward married / ^gysthus, and both were murdered by Orestes. CO-, prefix. Together; with. Variants: COL-, COM-, CON-, COR-. [L. com-; from cum, with.] CO. (ko). Abbreviation of word "company" fol- lowing the designation of a partnership or corporation. COACH (koch), n. 1. Large, close, four-wheeled carriage. 2. Railway passenger-car. 3. Pri- vate tutor; professional trainer in athletics, pugilism, etc. [Fr. coche; from Hung, kocsi; from Kocs, a village in Hungary.] COACH (koch), v. [pr.p. COACH'ING; p.t. and p.p. COACHED (kocht).] I. vt. 1. Carry in a coach. 2. Tutor; instruct; train or prepare, as a student for examination or a pugilist for a prize-fight. II. vi. 1. Ride or drive in a coach. 2. Act as, or study with, a coach. COACH-DOG (koch'dog), n. Dalmatian dog, a spotted dog kept chiefly as an attendant on coaches. COACHER (koch'er), n. Instructor in sports, as baseball, football, pugilism, etc. COACHMAN (koch'man), n. [pi. COACH'MEN.] Driver of a coach. COACT (ko-akt), vi. [pr.p. COACT'ING; p.t. and p.p. COACT'ED.] Act together. [CO- and ACT.] COACTION (ko-ak'shun), n. Action in concert. COACTIVE (ko-akt'iv), a. Acting together. COACTIVELY (ko-akt'iv-li), adv. In a co- active manner. COACTIVITY (ko-ak-tiv'i-ti), n. Unity of action. COADJUTANT (kd-ad'jo-tant), a. Mutually helping or assisting. COADJUTOR (ko-ad-jo'tiir), n. [fern. COADJU'- TRESS.] Helper or assistant; coworker; colleague. [L. co-, with, and adjutor, helper; from ad, to, and juvo, help.] COAGENCY (ko-a'jen-si), n. Joint agency. COAGENT (ko-a'jent), n. One cooperating with another in any act or work. [CO- and AGENT.] COAGITATE (ko-aj'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. COAG'I- TATING; p.t. and p.p. COAG'ITATED.] Shake or mix together. COAGULANT (ko-ag'u-lant), n. Matter or sub- stance to produce coagulation. COAGULATE (ko-ag'u-lat), v. [pr.p. COAGU- LATING; p.t. and p.p. COAGULATED.] I. vt. Change into a curd-like state. II. vi. Re- come curdled or clotted. [L. coagulo, curdle; from co-, together, and ago, drive.] COAGULATION (ko-ag-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act or process of coagulating. 2. State of being coagulated. 3. That which is coagulated. COAGULATIVE (ko-ag'u-la-tiv), a. Produc- tive of coagulation; coagulating. COAGULATOR (ko-ag'u-la-tur), n. That which coagulates; coagulant. COAGULUM (ko-ag'u-lum), n. [pi. COAG'ULA.] Coagulated or concreted mass, as clotted blood. [L.] COAK (kok), n. Wood or metal pin or dowel used to fasten edges of planks or timbers to keep them from warping. COAL (kol), n. 1. Carbonaceous mineral sub- stance of vegetable origin, black, opaque, dull or shiny, found in the earth, and exten- sively used for fuel. 2. In England, piece of coal; generally used in the plural. 3. Ember or live coal; coal of fire. — Brown coal, lignite. — Haul over the coals, reprove for some act. [A. S. col.] COAL (kol), v. [pr.p. COAL'ING; p.t. and p.p. COALED (kold).] I. vt. 1. Supply with coal. 2. Rurn or reduce to charcoal. II. vi. Take in coal. COALESCE (ko-a-les'), vi. [pr.p. COALESCING; p.t. and p.p. COALESCED (ko-a-lest').] Grow together or unite into one body; blend; fuse; amalgamate. [L. coalesco; from co-, together, and alo, nourish.] COALESCENCE (ko-a-les'ens), n. Act or process of coalescing; union. COALESCENT (ko-a-les'ent), a. Uniting; co- alescing. COAL-FIELD (kol'feld), n. Qeol. District con- taining coal strata. COAL-GAS (kdl'gas), n. Illuminating or fuel gas obtained from coal. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, xl— a. in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. COAL-HEAVER 238 COBNUT COAL-HEAVER (kol'hev-er), n. One who shov- els coal; stoker. COALITION (kd-a-lish'un), n. 1. Act of coales- cing. 2. Alliance. [L. L. coalitio — L. coal- esco, coalesce.] COAL-OIL (kfil'oil), n. Kerosene; petroleum. COAL-TAR (kol'tar), n. Black, pitch-like liquid which condenses in the pipes when coal or petroleum is distilled. COALY (kol'i), a. Of or like coal. COAMINGS (kom'ingz), n.pl. Naut. Raised borders or edges of the hatches. [Probably from COMB.] COAPTATION (ko-ap-ta'shun), n. Adaptation of parts to each other. [L. co- t together, and apto, adapt.] COARSE (kors), a. [comp. COARS'ER; superl. COARS'EST.] 1. Large in size or texture. 2. Gross; rough; unrefined. 3. Rude; in- elegant; vulgar. [Etym. doubtful.] SYN. Gritty; impure; immodest; foul; offensive. ANT. Smooth; pure; modest; refined; tidy. COARSELY (kors'li), adv. In a coarse manner. COARSENESS (kors'nes), n. State or quality of being coarse. COAST (kost), n. 1. Side or border of land next the sea; sea-shore. 2. Act of coasting. [O. Fr. coste; from L. costa, rib, side.] COAST (kost), v. [pr.p. COAST'ING; p.U and p.p. COAST'ED.] I. vt. Sail along the coast of. II. vi. 1. Sail along or near a coast. 2. Sail or trade from port to port of the same country. 3. Ride on a sled, toboggan, etc., down a hill or any inclined plane, by force of gravity. COASTER (kost'gr), n. 1. One who coasts. 2. Small vessel employed in trading from port to port in the same country. 3. Long, narrow, low sled, for coasting. COASTING (kost'ing), n. 1. Act or practice of sailing along the coast. 2. Act or practice of riding down hill on a sled, etc. — Coasting trade, trade carried on between the ports of the same country. COAST-LINE (kost'lin), n. Line or boundary of a coast; shore-line. COASTWARD (kost'ward), adv. Toward the coast. COASTWISE (kost'wiz), adv. Along the coast. COAT (kot), vt. [pr.p. COATING; p.t. and p.p. COAT'ED.] Cover with a coat or layer, as of paint, varnish, tar, etc. COAT (kot), n. 1. Upper outer garment, with sleeves, worn by men. 2. Natural external covering of an animal, as the hair or wool of a beast. 3. Vesture or habit. 4. Any layer or membranous covering, as a coat of paint, coats of the eye, etc. — Coat of arms. Her. Escutcheon or shield of arms; family insignia. — Coat of mail. Piece of armor for the upper part of the body, made of metal scales or rings linked one within another. [O. Fr. cote; from L.L. cota, tunic] COATI (ko-a'ti or ko'a-ti), n. Zool. South American plantigrade carnivorous mammal allied to the raccoons. COATING (kot'ing), n. 1. Cloth for coats. 2. Covering layer; integument; coat. COATSHIRT (kot'shert), n. Shirt with entire front open so as to be put on and taken off like a coat. COAX (koks), v. [pr.p. COAXING; p.t. and p.p. COAXED (kokst).] I. vt. 1. Persuade by fondling or flattery; wheedle. 2. Humor or soothe. II. vi. Cajole; wheedle. [Etym. doubtful.] COAXER (koks'er), n. One who coaxes. CO-AXIAL (ko-aks'i-al), a. Having the same axis. [Prefix CO- and AXIAL,.] COAXINGLY (koks'ing-li), adv. In a coaxing manner. COB (kob), n. 1. Spike around which the kernels of maize grow; corn-cob. 2. Lump or ball of anything. 3. Sea-mew, or sea-cob. 4. Male swan. 5. In England, a short-legged strong horse. 6. Spider. [Cognate with COP.] COBALT (kd'balt), n. Chem. 1. Brittle, red- dish-gray metal, usually found combined with arsenic, nickel and other minerals. 2. Cobalt- blue, a blue pigment prepared from alumina and cobalt. [Ger. kobalt; from kobold, demon.] COBALTIC (ko'balt-ik), a. Chem. Pertaining to cobalt in its triad valence. [COBALT and -IC] COBALTOUS (ko'balt-us), a. Chem. Pertaining to cobalt in its lower valence. [COBALT and -ous.] COBBLE (kob'l), v. [pr.p. COB'BLING; p.t. and p.p. COBBLED (kob'ld).] I. vt. 1. Patch up or mend coarsely, as boots or shoes. 2. Make clumsily. II. vi. Work as a cobbler; mend or patch boots or shoes. [O. Fr. cooler; from L. copulo, join together.] COBBLE (kob'l), n. Cobblestone. COBBLER (kob'ler), n. Cobblestone. [Dim. of COB (lump or ball).] COBBLER (kob'ler), n. One who cobbles or mends shoes. COBBLER (kob'ler), n. 1. Pie made with whole fruit pared; as, peach-coS&Jer. 2. Drink made of wine, ice, sugar, lemon, etc., as a sherry- cobbler. COBBLESTONE (kob'1-ston), n. 1. Stone worn round and smooth by water. 2. Rounded stone used in paving. CO-BELLIGERENT (ko-bel-lij'er-ent), I. a. Carrying on war conjointly. II. n. Nation carrying on war conjointly with another. [CO- and BELLIGERENT.] COBLE (ko'bl), n. Small flat-bottomed fishing boat. [Wei. ceubal.] CoBLENTZ (ko'blents), n. Capital of Rhenish Prussia, on Rhine and Moselle. COBNUT (kob'nut), n. Variety of large hazel- nut; also the plant bearing it. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COHTS OP SKIDS; SWEDEN NETHERLANDS BRAZIL LATE KINGDOM OF, )PORTU6AL Copjright, 1911 , bj Wm. H. Lee. COHTS OF HRIDSJ © TURKISH EMPIRE FRANCE Copyright, 1911 , by Wm. H. Lee. J COBRA 239 COCK-FIGHTING Cobra. COBRA (kfl'brg,), COBRA-DE-CAPELLO (ko- bra-da-ka-pel'6), n. Venomous snake of the East Indies, which dilates the back and sides of the neck so as to resemble a hood. [Pg. lit. "snake of the hood. "] COBWEB (kob'web), n. 1. Spider's web or net. 2. Flimsy snare to entrap the simple or unwary. 4. Weak and flimsy entanglement. [COB (spider), and WEB.] COBWEBBED (kob'webd), c. 1. Covered with or full of cobwebs. 2. Bot. Resembling a spider's web; arachnoid. COCA (ko'ka), n. Dried leaf of a South American shrub, the Erythroxylon Coca, used as a narcotic and stimulant. [Sp.] COCAINE (ko'ka-in), n. Pharm. Alkaloid obtained from coca leaves, used in medicine as a local anaesthetic. Internally administered it is a powerful nerve stimulant, producing, if its use is persisted in, brain anaemia and insanity. COCAINISM (ko'ka-in-izm), n. Pathol. Morbid condition induced by over-use of cocaine. COCCI (kok'si), n.pl. Biol. Spherical bacteria; micrococci. [See COCCUS.] COCCIFEROUS (kok-sif'er-us), a. Berry-bear- Ing. [L. coccum, berry, and fero, bear.] COCCULUS (kok'u-lus), n. Bot. Genus of East Indian climbing plants, the dried berries of one species of which constitute the narcotic drug known as cocculus indicus. [L., dim. of coccum; Gr. kokkos, berry.] COCCUS (kok'us), n. [pi. COCCI (kok'si).] Spherical bacterium; micrococcus. Cocci, when found single are termed monococci, when growing in pairs diplococci, when forming chains streptococci, and when appearing In clusters staphylococci. [L.; from Gr. kokkos, berry.] COCCUS (kok'us), n. Genus of hemipterous insects. COCCYGEAL (kok-sij'e-aD, a. Anat. Of or pertaining to the coccyx. COCCYX (kok'siks), n. [pi. COCCYGES (kok'si- jez).] Anat. Lower bone of the vertebral column. [Gr. kokkyx.] COCHIN (ko'chin), n. Large-sized variety of domestic fowl, with feathered legs, full breast, and small tail. [CocMw-China.] COCHIN-CHINA (ko'chin-chi-na), n. Province French Indo-China. Area 20,000 sq. m. COCHINEAL (koch'i-nel), n. 1. Scarlet dye- stuff, consisting of kiln-dried bodies of the female of certain insects found upon cactus plants, chiefly in Mexico and the West Indies. 2. Cochineal insect. [Sp. cochinilla.'] COCHLEA (kok'le-a), n. Anat. Spiral cavity of the ear. [L.; from Gr. kochlias, snail.] COCHLEARY(kok'le-a-ri), a. Spiral; cochleate. COCHLEATE (kok'le-at), a. Spiral or twisted, like a snail-shell. COCK (kok), n. 1. Male of birds, particularly of the domestic fowl. 2. Time of cock-crow- ing. 3. Champion; leader. 4. Weathercock. 5. Gnomon of a dial. 6. Faucet or stop-cock. 7. Hammer of a firearm. 8. Needle of a balance. 9. Notch in an arrow for the string. 10. Act of turning up or cocking, as a hat- brim. 11. The turn given. [A. S. coc] COCK (kok), vt. [pr.p. COCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. COCKED (kokt).] 1. Turn or tilt up or to one side. 2. Draw back the hammer of, as a gun or pistol. — Cocked hat, hat with the brim turned up on three sides. COCK (kok), n. Small conical pile of hay, straw, etc. [Sw. koka, lump.] COCK (kok), vt. [pr.p. COCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. COCKED (kokt).] Arrange in cocks or piles, as hay. COCK (kok), n. Small boat, usually called a cockboat. [Fr. coque; from L. concha; Gr. konche, shell.] COCKADE (kok-ad'), n. Knot of ribbon or something similar worn on the hat as a badge. [Fr. cocarde; from coq, cock (from its likeness to the comb of a cock).] COCKATOO (kok-a-to'), n. Parrot having a large head, ornamented with a folding or procumbent crest. [Malay, kdkdtua, imitative of its cry.] COCKATRICE (kok'a-tris), w. 1. Fabulous serpent hatched from a cock's egg, whose breath or glance was fatal to any creature coming within its influence. 2. Any venomous serpent. [O. Fr. cockatrice, crocodile.] COCKBOAT (kok'bot), n. Ship's small boat. [COCK (small boat).] COCKCHAFER (kok'cha-fer), n. European beetle very destructive to vegetation; May- bug. [See CHAFER.] COCKCROWING (kok'kro-ing), n. Time at which cocks crow; early morning. COCKED-HAT (kokt'hat), n. Game at bowls with three pins placed triangularly at end of bowling alley. COCKER (kok'er), n. Small dog of the spaniel kind employed by hunters in shooting wood- cock. COCKEREL (kok'er-el), n. Young cock. COCKET (kok'et), n. British custom-house seal, certificate of entry, or office of entry in the custom house. COCKEYE (kok'i), w. 1. Squinting eye. 2. Loop at end of trace of harness made fast to the swingle-tree. COCK-FIGHT (kok'fit), ». Contest of game- cocks. COCK-FIGHTER (kok'fit-er), n. One who keeps game-cocks for matching, or promotes cock- flghting. COCK-FIGHTING (kok'flt-ing), n. Matching of game-cocks. flte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. COCKLE 240 CO-ED COCKLE (kok'l), n. Troublesome weed that grows among grain. [A. S. coceel.] COCKLE (kok'l), n. 1. Shell-fish or mollusk having a thick, ribbed, heart-shaped, equal- valved shell. 2. Cockle-shell. 3. Fire cham- ber of a hot-air furnace. — Cockles of the "heart* chambers of the heart, or the heart itself. [Fr. coquille.] COCKLE (kok'l), v. [pr.p. COCK'LING; p.t. and p.p. (COCKLED kok'ld).] I. vt. Cause to pucker. II. vi. Pucker into wrinkles or ridges, like a cockle-shell. COCKLE-BUR (kok'1-bur), n. Bot. 1. Coarse weed, the Xanthium Strumarium, bearing hard, prickly burs. 2. Bur of this weed. COCKLE-SHELL (kok'1-shel), n. 1. Shell of the cockle or other similar mollusk. 2. Frail boat. COCK-LOBSTER (kok'lob-ster), n. Male lob- ster. COCKLOFT (kok'laft), n. Room in a house next the roof. COCKNEY (kok'ni), n. [pi.- COCK'NEYS.] Londoner; one born and living in a partic- ular part of London. [Etym. doubtful.] COCKNETISM (kok'ni-izm), n. Dialect or man- ners of a cockney. COCKPIT (kok'pit), n. 1. Pit or enclosed space for cock-fighting. 2. Naut. After-part of the orlop deck. COCKROACH (kok'roch), n. Orthopterous in- sect, of nocturnal habits, infesting kitchens, pantries, etc. COCKSCOMB (koks'kom), n. 1. Comb or crest on a cock's head. 2. Plant with a red flower resembling the comb of a cock. COCKSPUR (kok'spur), n. Bot. Virginian haw- thorn. COCKSWAIN, COXSWAIN (koks'wan; Colloq. koks'n), n. One who steers or has charge of a rowboat. COCKTAIL (kok'tal), n. Drink made of spirits or wine as a base, and lemon juice, lemon peel, and syrup as flavor- ing agents. COCO, COCOA (ko'- ko),w. Bot. Trop- ical palm-tree, pro- ducing the cocoa- nut. [Sp. coco."] COCOA (ko'ko),n. 1. Powder made by pulverizing the dried seed-kernels of the cacao or chocolate-tree. 2. Beverage made from it. [Corrup. of CACAO.] COCOA-BUTTER (ko'ko-but-er), w. Yellow- white fat of the consistency of tallow, obtained from the cacao or chocolate-tree seed-ker- nels. COCOANUT (ko'ko-nut), n. Large nut of the Cocoa-palm (Cocos nucifera). cocoa-palm, having a hard shell covered with a fibrous husk and lined with a white edible meat, inclosing a milky fluid. COCOA-PALM (ko'ko-pam), n. See COCO. COCOON (ko-kon'), n. Silken sheath spun by the larva of certain insects, such as the silk- worm, in passing into the pupa or chrysalis state. [Fr. cocon; from coque, shell; L. con- chat shell.] COCOONERY (ko-kon'er-i), n. Place for keep- ing silkworms when feeding and spinning cocoons. COCTILE (kok'til), a. Hardened by fire, as a brick. [L. coctilus; from coquo, cook.] COCTION (kok'shun), n. Act or process of boiling. [L. coctio; from coctus, p.p. of coquo, cook.] COCYTUS (ko-si'tus), n. Greek Myth. River in Hades, one of the tributaries to the river Acheron. COD, CODFISH (kod'fish), n. Food fish of sev- eral species, the best known being the common cod, or Gadus morrhua, found off the coast of Newfoundland, and elsewhere in northern temperate seas. — Cod-liver oil, medicinal oil extracted from the fresh liver of the common cod. [Etym. doubtful-] COD (kod), n. 1. Husk, envelope, or pod in which seeds are contained. 2. Small bag of any kind. [A. S. codd, small bag.] COD (kod), vt. [pr.p. CODDING; p.t. and p.p. COD'DED.] Impose upon the credulity of; hoax. (Colloq.) CODA (ko'da), n. Music. Winding up of a com- position by an extra melodic phrase. [It.; from L. cauda, tail.] CODDLE (kod'l), vt. [pr.p. COD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. CODDLED (kod'ld).] Pamper; fondle; spoil by indulgence. [Ice. koddi, pillow.] CODDLE (kod'l), vt. [pr.p. COD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. CODDLED (kod'ld).] Parboil or soften by boiling. [Allied to CAUDLE.] CODE (kod), n. 1. Collection or digest of laws. 2. System of rules and regulations. 3. Sys- tem of words, characters or signals with arbi- trary meanings to designate prearranged or predetermined words. [Fr. code; from L. codex, tablet.] CODEX (ko'deks), n. [CODICES (kod'i-sez).] 1. Volume or roll of manuscript. 2. Code. [L.] CODFISH (kod'fish), n. 1. Same as COD. 2. Flesh of the cod used as food. CODGER (koj'er). n. 1. Eccentric old man. 2. Miserly man. 3. Chap; fellow. (Colloq.) CODICIL (kod'i-sil), n. Supplement to a will. [L. codieillus, dim. of codex, tablet.] CODIFICATION (kod-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of codifying. CODIFY (kod'i-fi or ko'di-fi), vt. [pr.p. COD'IFY- ING; p.t. and p.p. COD'IFIED.] Form Into a code or system. CO-ED (k6-ed') n. Young woman who attends fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u In Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h—ch in Scotch loch. COEDUCATION 241 COFFER a school where young men and young women are conjointly instructed. (Colloq.) COEDUCATION (ko-ed-u-ka/shun), n. Educa- tion of persons of different sexes or of different races, especially white and negro or white and Mongolian, in the same school. COEFFICIENCY (ko-ef-fish'en-si), n. Joint efficiency; effective cooperation. COEFFICIENT (ko-ef-fish'ent), I. a. Acting in conjunction so as to produce a certain effect; jointly efficient. II. n. 1. That which unites in action with something else to produce a certain result. 2. Alg. Number put before a quantity, into which it is supposed to be mul- tiplied. 3. Physics. Quantity of any gen- erating term which arises from the division of that term by the generated quantity. — Coefficient of self-induction. Elec. Ratio in any circuit of the flux induced by and linked with a current, to the strength of that current. COEFFICIENTLY (ko-ef-fish'ent-li), adv. In a coefficient manner; conjointly. Co^LENTERA (se-len'te-ra), CcELENTERATA (se-len-te-ra/ta), n.pl. Technical name for the second lowest branch of many-celled ani- mals — radially symmetrical, without any body-cavity distinct from the alimentary tube. [Gr. koilos, hollow, and enteron, intestine.] C03LENTERATE (se-len'te-rat), I. a. Of or pertaining to the Cwlenterata. II. n. One of the C oelenterata. COEQUAL (ko-e'kwal), I. a. Equal with an- other person or thing, of the same rank or dignity. II. n. One who or that which is coequal. COE QUALITY (ko-e-kwol'i-ti), n. State or con- dition of being coequal with others. COERCE (ko-ers), vt. [pr.p. COER'CING; p.t. and p.p. COERCED (ko-erst').] Restrain by force; compel; constrain. [L. coerceo; from co-i together, and arceo, shut in.] SYN. Restrain; inhibit; impel; compel; drive; intimidate; bulldoze. ANT. Permit; persuade; liberate; induce; tempt. COERCIBLE (ko-er'si-bl), a. Capable of being coerced. COERCION (k6-er'shun), n. 1. Government by force. 2. Power of coercing or enforcing by compulsion. 3. Compulsion; duress. COERCIVE (ko-er'siv), a. That has power or authority to coerce; compulsory. COERCIVELY (ko-er'siv-li), adv. In a coercive manner. COERCIVENESS (ko-er'siv-nes), n. Quality of being coercive or compulsory. COESSENTIAL (ko-es-sen'shal), a. Partaking of the same essence. COESSENTIALITY (ko-es-sen-shi-al'i-ti), n. Quality of being coessential. COETANEOUS (ko-e-ta'ne-us), a. 1. Of the same age. 2. Contemporary. [L. co-, together, and mtas, age.] COETERNAL (ko-e-ter'nal), a. Equally eternal with another. COEVAL (ko-e'val), I. a. Existing from the same time. II. n. One of the same age; con- temporary. [L. coaivus; co-y together, and wvum, age.] COEXIST (ko-egz-isf), vi. [pr.p. COEXISTING; p.t. and p.p. COEXIST'ED.] Exist at the same time. COEXISTENCE (ko-egz-ist'ens), n. State or quality of being coexistent. COEXISTENT (ko-egz-ist'ent), o. Coexisting; contemporaneous. COEXTEND (ko-eks-tend'), v. [pr.p. COEX- TENDING; p.t. and p.p. COEXTEND'ED.] I. vt. Cause to extend equally. II. vi. Extend equally. COEXTENSION (ko-eks-ten'shun), n. Act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended. COEXTENSIVE (ko-eks-ten'siv), a. Equally extensive. COFFEA (kof-fe'a), n. Bot. Genus of plants of many species, the best known being Coffea Araoica, a tropical evergreen tree bearing a berry or cherry-like fruit containing two seeds or "beans" — the coffee of commerce. [See COFFEE.] COFFEE (kof'e), n. 1. Seed or "beans" of any species of Coffea, especially Coffea Araoica, or com- mon coffee-tree. 2. Beverage made from the roasted and ground coffee beans. See COFFEA. [Turk. quahveh; from Ar. quahwah.] COFFEE-BEAN (kof'e-ben), n. Seed of the cof- fee-tree. COFFEE-BERRY (kof e-ber-i), n. Fruit of the coffee-tree. [See COFFEA.] COFFEE-CUP (kof'e-kup), n. Cup for coffee, usually larger than a teacup. COFFEE-GROUNDS (kof'e-growndz), n.pl. Dregs of coffee. COFFEE-HOUSE (kofe-hows), n. Cafe. COFFEE-MILL (kof'e-mil), n. Mill for grinding coffee. COFFEE-POT (kof'e-pot), n. Pot or vessel in which coffee is infused or boiled, or in which it is kept for serving. COFFER (kof 'er), n. 1. Chest for holding money or treasure. 2. [pi.] Whole wealth of a person. Branch of the Coffee-tree. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,' ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. COFFER 242 COHERENT 3. Deep panel in a ceiling. 4. Canal lock; caisson. [O. Fr. cofre, chest; from L. cophinus, basket.] COFFER (kof'er), vt. [pr.p. COF'FERING; p.t. and p.p. COFFERED (kof'erd).] 1. Place in a coffer; hoard. 2. Furnish with a coffer or coffers, as a ceiling. COFFER-DAM (kof'er-dam), n. Water-tight structure used in engineering for excluding the water from the foundations of bridges, quay walls, etc., so as to allow of their being built dry. COFFIN (kof'in), n. 1. Case or casket in which a corpse is enclosed. 2. Hoof of a horse above the coronet, including the coffin-bone. [O. Fr. co-fin; L. cophinus, basket.] COFFIN (kof'in), vt. [pr.p. COFFINING; p.t. and p.p. COFFINED (kof'ind).] Inclose or confine in, or as in, a coffin. COFFIN-BONE (kof'in-bon), n. Spongy bone in the middle of a horse's hoof. COFFIN-SHIP (kof'in-ship), n. Ship that is unsound, and likely to prove fatal to those in it. COFFLE (kof'l), w. Gang, or train of persons fettered together, especially slaves. [Ar. qafilah, caravan.] COG (kog), n. 1. Catch or tooth which acts upon an object to move it, as in the case of a gear or cog-wheel. 2. Tenon. [Gael.] COG (kog), vt. [pr.p. COG'GING; p.t. and p.p. COGGED (kogd).] 1. Furnish with cogs. 2. Place a piece of wood, stone, etc., in, so as to prevent from moving, as the wheel of a car- riage. COG (kog), n. Small boat; cockboat. [O. Fr. cogue, ship.] COG (kog), n. 1. Act of cheating; deception. 2. Loaded die. [Wei. coeg, empty.] COG (kog), vi. [pr.p. COG'GING; p.t. and p.p. COGGED (kogd).] 1. Cheat or deceive, as with dice. 2. Wheedle. COGENCY (ko'jen-si), n. Convincing power. COGENT (ko'jent), a. Powerful to convince; convincing. [L. cogens, pr.p. of cogo, compel.] COGENTLY (ko'jent-li), adv. In a cogent man- ner. COGITABLE (koj'i-ta-bl), a. Thinkable; con- ceivable. COGITATE (koj'i-tat), v. [pr.p. COG'ITATING; p.t. and p.p. COG'ITATED.] I. vt. Devise; meditate. II. vi. Turn a thing over in one's mind; ponder; reflect. [L. cogito, think deeply.] COGITATION (koj-i-ta'shun), n. Deep thought; meditation. COGITATIVE (koj'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Having the power of thinking. 2. Given to cogitating. COGNAC (kon-yak'), n. Town in department Charente, France. COGNAC (kon'yak), n. Superior quality of French brandy. [Cognac, in France.] COGNATE (kog'nat), I. o. 1. Of the same family, kind, or nature. 2. Related or allied to. II. n. 1. One related by blood; kinsman. 2. Person related to another through the mother, as distinguished from an AGNATE, one related through the father. [L. cognatus; from co- t together, and natus, p.p. of nascor, be born.] COGNATION (kog-na'shun), n. Relationship by blood; kinship. COGNITION (kog-nish'un), n. 1. Act of know- ing. 2. That which is comprehended. 3. Acknowledgment; recognition. [L. cognitio; from cognitus. See COGNITIVE.] COGNITIVE (kog'ni-tiv), a. Capable of, or per- taining to, cognition. [L. cognitus, p.p. of cognosco, know.] COGNIZABLE (kog'ni-za-bl), a. 1. That may be known or understood. 2. That may be judiciously investigated. COGNIZANCE (kog'ni-zans or kon'i-zans), n. 1. Knowledge or notice, judicial or private. 2. Observation. 3. Jurisdiction. 4. Badge or distinctive mark. COGNIZANCE (kog'ni-zant or eon'i-zant), a. Having cognizance or knowledge of. COGNIZE (kog'niz), vt. [pr.p. COG'NIZING; p.t. and p.p. COGNIZED (kog'nizd).] Become conscious of; take notice of. COGNOMEN (kog-no'men), n. [pi. COGNO'- MENS or COGNOM'INA.] 1. Surname. 2. Nickname. 3. Among the Romans, the last of the three names of an individual, indicating the house or family to which he belonged. [L., from co-, together, and nomen, name,] COGNOMINAL (kog-nom'i-nal), a. 1. Pertain- ing to a cognomen. 2. Like-named. COGNOVIT (kog-no'vit), n. Law. Acknowledg- ment by the defendant in an action that the plaintiff's cause is just. [L. cognovit actionem, he has confessed the action.] COG-RAIL (kog'ral), n. Rail or track with teeth or cogs used for ascending or descending in- clined places. COG-WHEEL (kog'hwel), n. Wheel having teeth or cogs which fit between similar ones on another wheel, or on a rail, etc. COHABIT (ko-hab'it), vi. [pr.p. COHAB'ITINGj p.t. and p.p. COHAB'ITED.] Dwell together as husband and wife. [L. cohabito; from co-, together, and habito, dwell.] COHABITATION (ko-hab-i-ta'shun), n. Act of cohabiting. COHEIR (ko-ar'), n. [fern. COHEIR'ESS.] Joint heir. COHENITE, (ko'en-it) n. White mineral com- pound of nickel, cobalt and ferro-carbide. COHERE (ko-her'), vi. [pr.p. COHERING; p.t. and p.p. COHERED (ko-herd').] 1. -Stick together; remain in contact. 2. Follow in proper connection. 3. Be consistent. [L. cohwreo; from co-, together, and hozreo, stick.] COHERENCE (ko-her'ens), COHERENCY (ko- her 'en-si), n. Act or condition of cohering. COHERENT (ko-her'ent), a. 1. Sticking to- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut„ burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ENGLISH £ GRECIAN COINS WILLIAM LOrH *GINA SYRACUSE THEBES is Copyright, 1911, by Wm. H.Lee ROMAN COINS D0MIT1AN (CONSULAR) SESTERTIUS QUINARIUS DENARIUS SERUPULUM m Copyright, 191 1 , by Wm. H. Lee. COHERENTLY 243 COLA gether. 2. Connected; united. 3. Consist- ent In thought or speech. COHERENTLY (kd-her'ent-li), adv. In a coher- ent manner; with logical sequence. COHERER (kd-her'gr), n. Elec. Detector of electro-magnetic waves consisting of a glass tube with silver end-plugs and containing conducting particles forming a semi-conduct- ing bridge between two electrodes. Used in wireless telegraphy. < ,-;■'. > Coherer. COHESIBLE (ko-he'si-bl), a. That can be made cohesive; capable of cohesion. COHESION (k6-he'zhun), n. 1. Act of cohering. 2. State of being united by natural attraction. 3. Force by which the particles of bodies of the same nature are held together. 4. Con- nection; dependence; coherence. 5. Bot. Congenital union of one organ with another. [L. cohcesus. p.p. of cohcereo, cohere.] Cohesion Figures. 1. Electric figure from a solution of cyanide of potassium. 2. Submersion figure of oil of lavender in alcohol. 3, Surface figure of oil of lavender on water. 4. Cohesion figure of oil of bitter almonds. COHESIVE (ko-he'siv), o. 1. Producing cohe- sion. 2. Tending to unite into a mass. COHESIVELY (ko-he'siv-li), adv. In a cohesive manner. COHESIVENESS (kd-he'siv-nes), n. Quality of being cohesive. COHORT (kd'hart), n. 1. Band of armed men. 2. Among the Romans, a body of soldiers from 300 to 600 in number, forming a tenth part of a legion. [L. cohors, cohortis, court or lnclosure.] COIF (koif), n. 1. Close-fitting cap; cowl; skull-cap. 2. Kind of head-dress for women. [Fr. coiffe; L.L. cofia, cap.] COIFFEUR (koi-fur'), w. Hair-dresser. [Fr.] COIFFURE (koi'fur), n. 1. Arrangement of the hair. 2. Head-dress. [Fr.] COIGN, COIGNE (koin), n. 1. Corner or ex- ternal angle. 2. Corner-stone; quoin. 3. Wedge. — Coign of vantage, position of advan- tage, either for seeing or acting. [COIN.] COIL (koil), v. [pr.p. COIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. COILED (koild).] I. vt. 1. Wind in rings, as a rope; dispose or twist in coils. II. vi. As- sume the form of a coil. [O. Fr. coillir; from L. colligo, collect.] COIL (koil), n. 1. Series of rings, or a spiral, formed by winding or coiling. 2. One of the rings so formed. 3. Elec. Convolution of in- sulated wire through which an electric cur- rent may be passed. — Induction coil, two coils, one within the other, the electric action of each upon the other being called mutual in- duction. COIL (koil), n. Perplexity. — Mortal coil, toil and trouble of human life. [Gael, goill, struggle.] COIN (koin), n. 1. Piece of metal legally stamped and current as money. 2. Money collec- tively. 3. Any medium of payment or recom- pense. 4. Coign or quoin. — Subsidiary coins, fifty-cent, twenty-five-cent and ten-cent sil- ver pieces. — Minor coins, five-cent piece or "nickel," and one-cent piece or "copper.'* [Fr. coin, wedge, also die to stamp money; from L. cuneus, wedge.] COIN (koin), vt. [pr.p. COIN'ING; p.t. and p.p, COINED (koind).] 1. Mint or stamp, as pieces of metal for money; make into coins. 2. Make or acquire as if by coining. 3. Originate or invent, as to coin a word. COINAGE (koin'aj), n. 1. Act or process of coining. 2. That which is coined. 3. Ag- gregate amount of money coined. COINCIDE (ko-in-sid'), vi. [pr.p. COINCIDING; p.t. and p.p. COINCI'DED.] 1. Agree in po- sition, time, extent, etc. 2. Fall in with, or agree, in opinion; concur. [L. co-, together, and incido, fall on.] COINCIDENCE (ko-in'si-dens), n. 1. Act or condition of coinciding. 2. Occurrence of an event at the same time as another event, with- out any apparent connection. COINCIDENT (k6-in'si-dent), a. Coinciding. COINCIDENTLY (ko-in'si-dent-li), adv. By way of or in manner of coincidence. COINER (koin'er), n. 1. One who coins. 2. Maker of counterfeit coins. COIR (koir), n. Strong fiber of the husk of the cocoanut, or cordage, cables, etc., made of it. [Malay, kaydr, cord; from kdyaru, be twisted.] COITION (ko-ish'un), n. Sexual intercourse; copulation. [L. coitio; from co-, together, and itus, p.p. of eo, go.] COKE (kok), n. Fuel obtained by heating coal in confined spaces, whereby its more volatile constituents are driven off. COKE (kok), vt. [pr.p. CO'KING; p.t. and p.p. COKED (kdkt).] Convert into coke. COL-, prefix. With; together. [Form of COM-.] COLA (ko'la), n. Bot. Genus of trees. See KOLA-NUT. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft. in Scotch loch. . COLABORER 244 COLLAR COLABORER (ko-la/bur-er), n. Fellow-laborer; coworker; collaborator. COLANDER (kul'an-der), CULLENDER (kul'- en-der), n. Vessel with small holes in the bottom, used as a strainer. [Sp. colador; from L. colum, strainer.] COLA-NUT (ko 'la-nut), n. Same as KOLA-NUT. COLCHICTJM (kol'ki-kum), n. Meadow saffron, or a medical preparation made from it. [L.] COLCOTHAR (kol'ko-thar), ». Glass-polishing powder made from residuum of superheated sulphate of iron, otherwise green copperas. COLD (kold), I. a. 1. Opposite of HOT; of low temperature. 2. Causing coldness; frigid. 3. Suffering from low temperature; chilled; chilly. 4. Cooled, as after being heated or cooked. 5. Without passion or zeal; spirit- less. 6. Unfriendly. 7. Indifferent; reserved; not cordial. 8. Sad; unfortunate; unlucky. 9. Cool; deliberate. 10. Lacking fresh- ness, as an old trail. II. n. 1. Low tem- perature. 2. Feeling or sensation caused by low temperature or absence of heat; cold- ness. 3. Disorder induced by exposure to cold; catarrh. — Take cold, be affected with the disorder known as a cold. [A. S. ceald.] COLD-BLOODED (kold'blud-cd), a. 1. Having cold blood, said of animals whose blood ap- proximates in temperature to the medium in which they live, as fishes, reptil-S, etc. 2. Unfeeling; hard-hearted; cruel. — In cold blood, with deliberate intent, not under the influence of passion. COLD-CHISEL (kold'chiz-el), n. Steel chisel tempered to such a degree of hardness as to cut cold metal. COLD-CREAM (kold'krem), n. Cooling and healing unguent. COLD-HEARTED (kold'hart-ed), o. Wanting feeling. COLDISH (kold'ish), a. Somewhat cold. COLDLY (kold'li), adv. In a cold manner. COLDNESS (kold'nes), n. State or quality of be- ing cold; frigidity; indifference. COLD-PIG (kold'pig), n. Application of cold water to wake a person or to force a confes- sion or disclosure. (Colloq.) COLD-SHORT (kold'shart), a. Brittle when cold, as a metal. COLD-SHOULDER (kold'shol-der), n. Inten- tional slight. COLD-SLAW (kold'sla), n. Same as COLE- SLAW. COLD-STORAGE (kold-stor'aj), n. Storage of perishable articles in a refrigerating chamber. COLD-WAVE (kold'wav), n. Sudden and deci- ded fall in the temperature of the weather. COLE (kol), n. 1. Variety of cabbage having an open cluster of leaves instead of a head. 2. Rape. 3. Kale. 4. Colewort. [A. S. cawel.] COLEOPTER (kol-e-op'ter), n. One of the Cole- optera; beetle. CoLEOPTERA (kol-e-op'te-ra), n.pl. Entom. Order of insects having two pairs of wings, the outer pair being hard or horny, serving as wing-cases for the true-wings. [Gr. hole- opteros, sheath-winged.] COLEOPTEROUS (kol-e-op'ter-us), o. Pertain- ing to or like the Coleoptera; sheath-winged. COLE-SEED (kol'sed), n. Seed of rape; rape- seed; also the plant. COLE-SLAW (kol'sla), n. Salad of cabbage cut fine; also called cold-slaw. COLEWORT (kol'wurt), n. Young cabbage, be- fore the leaves have closed into a head. COLIC (kol'ik), n. Pathol. Disorder of the bowels, characterized by griping pains, unaccompa- nied by any fever, and occurring in paroxysms of varying severity. [Gr. kolikos; from kolon, colon.] COLICKY (kol'ik-1), a. Pertaining to, of the na- ture of, suffering from, or causing colic. COLIN (kol'in), n. American quail or bob-white. [Etym. doubtful.] Coliseum (koi-i-se'um), n. 1. Same as Col- osseum. 2. [c-] Any amphitheater. COLLABORATE (kol-lab'o-rat), vi. [pr.p. COL- LABORATING; p.t. and p.p. COLLABORA- TED.] Work conjointly. [COL-, and L. lab- oro, labor.] COLLABORATEUR (kol-la'bo-ra-tur), n. Same as COLLABORATOR. [Fr.] COLLABORATION (kol-lab-o-ra'shun), n. Work- ing together or in unison; joint labor. COLLABORATOR (kol-labo-ra-tur), n. One associated in the same work; fellow-worker, especially in literary or scientific work. COLLAPSE (kol-laps), v. [pr.p. COLLAPSING; p.t. and p.p. COLLAPSED (kol-lapst').] I. vt. 1. Fold together, as wings; shut. 2. Cause to fall in or fail. II. vi. 1. Fall together; con- tract. 2. Fall or break down. 3. Go to ruin. 4. Lose heart; retire discomfited. [L. col- lapsus; from col-, together, labi, lapsus, slide or fall.] COLLAPSE (kol-laps'), n. 1. Act of falling or shutting together. 2. Sudden and complete breakdown. 3. Any utter failure or coming to nothing. 4. PatJiol. General prostration. COLLAPSIBLE ( kol-laps 'i-bl), a. Capable of collapsing, or of being made to collapse. COLLAR (kol'ar), n. 1. Article of dress worn round the neck, either detachable or forming part of some garment, as a shirt-coRor, coat- collar, dress-collar, etc. 2. Band worn round a dog's neck. 3. Any similar band or circlet. 4. That part of a horse's harness worn round the neck to which the traces are attached. 5. Ring, band, or round flange upon or against an object, as on an axle to limit the motion inward of the hub. [O. Fr. coler; from L. collum, neck.] COLLAR (kol'ar), vt, [pr.p. COL'LARING; p.t. and p.p. COLLARED (kol'ard).] 1. Put a col- lar on. 2. Seize by the collar; apprehend; arrest. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COLLAR-BONE 845 COLLIERY COLLAR-BONE (kol'ar-bon), n. In man and most mammals the only bone directly con- necting the upper extremity with the skeleton of the trunk; clavicle. COLLATE (kol-laf), vt. [pr.p. COLLA'TING; p.t. and p.p. COLLA'TED.] 1. Bring together for comparison. 2. Examine and compare, as books, and especially old manuscripts. 3. Place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding. 4. Place in a benefice or confer a benefice upon; appoint to a benefice. [L. col- lotus; from col-, together, and lotus, borne.] COLLATERAL (kol-lat'er-al), I. a. 1. Running parallel. 2. Not direct or immediate; indirect; subordinate. 3. Auxiliary; additional; con- current. 4. Descendirg from a common an- cestor, but in a different line or branch; opposed to LINEAL. II. n. 1. Collateral kins- man or kinswoman. 2. Collateral security, or property hypothecated in addition to the principal obligation. 3. Subo- Mnate fact or proposition. [L. col- t with, and latus, lateris, side.] COLLATERALLY (kol-lat'er-al-i), adv. In a collateral manner; indirectly; subordinately. COLLATION (kol-la'shun), n. 1. Act of col- lating. 2. Result of collating various readings of a book or manuscript. 3. Repast between meals. 4. Teleg. Repetition of a message by an operator at a telegraph station who has received it over the line, to the transmitting operator at the sending station. COLLEAGUE (kol'leg), n. Associate in office or in an official body; fellow-member, as in a legislature. [Fr. collegue; from L. collega; from col-, with, and lego, depute.] COLLECT (koi-lekf), v. [pr.p. COLLECTING; p.t. and p.p. COLLECT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Assemble or bring together. 2. Procure or obtain pay- ment of, as a debt. 3. Gain from observation or information. II. vi. Accumulate; assemble. [L. collectus, p.p. of colligo, collect; from col-, together, and lego, gather.] COLLECT (kol'ekt), n. Short form of prayer, consisting of a single sentence and conveying one main petition. COLLECTED (kol-lekt'ed), a. 1. Gathered to- gether. 2. Composed; cool; dispassionate; self-possessed. COLLECTEDLY (kol-lekt'ed-li), adv. In a col- lected manner. COLLECTEDNESS (kol-lekt'ed-nes), n. Self- possession. COLLECTIBLE (kol-lekt'i-bl), a. Capable of being collected. COLLECTION (kol-lek'shun), n. 1. Act of col- lecting. 2. Money collected, as at a religious or public meeting. 3. Assemblage. COLLECTIVE (kol-lekt'iv), I. a. 1. Considered as forming one mass or sum. 2. Congregated. 3. Deducing or inferring from premises. 4* Gram. Expressing a number or multitude. II. n. Gram. Noun signifying a collection of persons or things, looked upon by the mind as one; as committee, group, team. — Collec- tive note, in diplomacy, note signed by all the powers represented. COLLECTIVELY (kol-lekt'iv-li), adv. In a col- lective manner. COLLECTIVENESS (kol-lekt'iv-nes), n. State of being collective. COLLECTIVISM (kol-lekt'iv-izm), n. Doc- trine that all the means of production should be under state or national control; socialism. COLLECTOR (kol-lekt'ur), n. 1. One who col- lects, or gathers together, works of art, antiquities, etc. 2. One who collects money from debtors. 3. One who collects tickets from passengers. 4. Official employed to collect customs, duties, taxes, etc. 5. Electric brush. [See BRUSH.] COLLECTORATE (kol-Iekt'ur-at), ». 1. Dis- trict over which the duties of a collector ex- tend. 2. Collectorship. COLLECTOR-RING (kol-lekt'ur-ring), n. Elec. Metal ring or armature to transform alter- nating current into a continuous one; some- times called collecting-ring. COLLECTORSHIP (kol-lekt'iir-ship), n. Office or position of a collector. COLLEGE (kol'ej), n. 1. Association or body of persons possessing exclusive privileges, as the college of cardinals at Rome. 2. Incor- porated school for advanced instruction. 3. Edifice appropriated to a college. — Electoral college, whole body of presidential electors who are chosen by the voters of the several States to elect a president and vice-president of the United States. [Fr. college; from L. collegium; from col-, together, and lego, collect.] COLLEGIAL (kol-le'ji-al), a. Pertaining to a college. COLLEGIAN (kol-le'ji-an), n. Member of a col- lege. COLLEGIATE (kol-le'ji-at), Z. a. Of or pertain- ing to a college. II. n. Collegian. COLLET (kol'et), n. 1. Part of a ring in which the gem is set. 2. Neck-band. 3. Bot. Neck or line of junction between the root and stem of a plant. [Fr. ; from L. collum, neck.] COLLIDE (kol-lid'), vi. [pr.p. COLLI'DING; p.t. and p.p. COLLI'DED.] 1. Dash or strike violently together. 2. Come into antagonism; clash. [L. collido; from col-, together, and loedo, strike.] COLLIE, COLLY (kol'i), n. Dog of several varieties, commonly kept in Scotland by shepherds, and said to be the most sagacious of all dogs. [Etym. doubtful.] COLLIER (kol'yer), n. 1. One who works in a coal-mine. 2. Ship engaged in carrying coal. 3. Sailor in such a ship. [From COAL.] COLLIERY (kol'yer-i), n. [pi. COL'LIERIES.] Coal-mining establishment, including the mines, buildings, and machinery. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. COLLIGATE 246 COLONIAL COLLIGATE (kol'i-gat), vt. [pr.p. COL'LIGA- TING; p.t. and p.p. COL'LIGATED.] Bind to- gether; bring together by colligation. [L. colligatus, p.p. of colligo, bind together.] COLLIGATION (kol-i-ga'shun), n. Act of bind- ing, fastening, or bringing together. COLLIMATE (kol'i-mat), vt. [pr.p. COL'LIMA- TING; p.t. and p.p. COL'LIMATED.] Adjust the line of sight of; bring into focus. [L. collimo; for collineo, aim; col-, together, and linea, line.] COLLIMATION (kol-i-ma'shun), n. Adjustment of the line of sight of a telescope. COLLIMATOR (kol'i-ma-tvir), n. Subsidiary telescope used to detect errors in collimation, when adjusting for transit observations. COLLIQUANT (kol'i-kwant), a. Susceptible of being melted or liquefied. COLLISION (kol-lizh'un), n. 1. Act of colliding. 2. State of being dashed together. 3. Con- flict; combat; antagonism. [L. collisio; from collisus, p.p of collide, clash together.] COLLISION-BULKHEAD (kol-lizh'un-bulk- hed), n. Naut. Water-tight extra bulkhead near bows of a vessel as safeguard in event of a collision. COLLISION-MAT (kol-llzh'un-mat), n. Naut. Mat or sail of waterproof material used to cover rents in the hull of a vessel to stop leakage. COLLOCATE (kol'o-kat), vt. [pr.p. COL, 'LOCA- TING; p.t. and p.p. COL'LOCATED.] 1. Place together. 2. Place; station; arrange. [L. collocatus, p.p. of colloco, place together.] COLLOCATION (kol-o-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of placing. 2. Arrangement. COLLODION (kol-16'di-on), n. Gluey solution of guncotton in alcohol and ethe , used in surgery and photography. [Gr. hollodes; from holla, glue, and cidos, form.] COLLOID (kol'oid),I. a. 1. Like glue. 2. Non- crystalline. II. n. Any soluble substance, which, when exposed to dialysis, does not pass through the porous membrane, as cellu- lose, gum, starch, albumin, etc. [Gr. holla, glue, and eidos, form.] COLLOIDAL (kol-lold'al), a. Of, pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of colloids. COLLOP Ucol'up),n. 1. Small slice of meat. 2. Piece, fragment, or portion of anything. [Etym. doubtful, probably allied to CHAP, CHOP, and CHIP.] COLLOQUIAL (kol-16'kwi-al), a. Pertaining to or used in common conversation; con- versational as opposed to literary. COLLOQUIALISM (kol-16'kwi-al-izm), n. Form of expression used only or chi-fly in familiar talk or conversation. COLLOQUIALLY (kol-16'kwl-al-i), adv. In a colloquial manner. COLLOQUY (kol'o-kwi), n. [pi. COLLOQUIES (kol'o-kwiz).] Speaking together; mutual discourse; conversation; dialogue; Informal conference. [L. colloquium; from col-, to- gether, and loqui, speak.] COLLOTYPE (kol'o-tip), n. Photographic print made from a celluloid or gelatin film. [Gr. holla, glue, and -TYPE.] COLLUDE (kol-16d'), vi. [pr.p. COLLU'DING; p.t. and p.p. COLLI! DED.] Act in concert, especially in fraud; connive. COLLUSION (kol-lo'zhun), n. 1. Act of col- luding. 2. Secret engagement to deceive. SYN. Connivance; conspiracy; combine. COLLUSIVE (kol-16'siv), o. Fraudulently con- certed; deceitful. COLLUSIVELY (kol-16'siv-li), adv. In a col- lusive manner. COLLUSIVENESS (kol-lo'slv-nes), n. Quality of being collusive. COLLYRITE (kol'i-rit), n. Mining. Aluminous clay resembling bauxite. [Gr. hollyrion.] COLOCYNTH (kol'o-sinth), n. Med. Dried and powdered pulp of a kind of cucumber, used as a purgative. [L.; from Gr. holohynthis.] COLOGNE (ko-lon'), n. City, Rhenish Prussia, on the Rhine. COLOGNE (ko-ldn'), n. Perfumed spirits, first made at Cologne, Germany. COLOMBIA (ko-lom'bi-a), n. Republic of South America, on Caribbean Sea. Colombian (ko-iom'bi- an), n. Native or inhabi- tant of Colombia, republic in South America. COLOMBIN (ko-lom'bin), n. Mice. Insulating material made of kaolin and the sulphates of calcium and barium used between the split carbons of the Jab- lochkoff electric candle. Colombo (ko-iom'bo), n. Seaport, capital of Ceylon. COLON (ko'lon), n. Gram. Mark ( : ) used to indicate a distinct member or clause of a sentence. [Gr. holon, member.] COLON (ko'lon), n. Anat. That portion of the large intestine which extends from the caecum to the rectum. [L. ; from Gr. holon, large intestine.] COLON (ko'lon), n. City on the Atlantic coast at the entrance to the Panama Canal. COLONEL (kur'nel), n. Commanding officer of a regiment. [Fr. and Sp. colonel; a corrup. of It. colonnello, leader of a colonna or column; from L. columna.] COLONELCY (kur'nel-si), n. Office or rank of a colonel. COLONELSHIP ( kur'nel-ship), n. Same as COLONELCY. COLONIAL (ko-16'ni-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a colony. 2. Relating to the States when they were British colonies. 3. Zool. Existing in, or forming colonies. Rafael Nunez, Co- lombian statesman. Born 1825 — died 1894. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. COLONIALISM 247 COLOSSEUM COLONIALISM (ko-ld'ni-al-izm), n. Trait of colonial life or speech. COLONIST (kol'o-nist), n. 1. Inhabitant of a colony. 2. Zool. Colonial animal; zoophite. COLONIZATION (kol-o-ni-za'shun), n. 1. Act or practice of colonizing. 2. State of being colonized. COLONIZE (kol'o-niz), v. [pr.p. COL'ONIZING; p.t. and p.p. COLONIZED (kol'6-nizd).] I. vt. 1. Plant or establish a colony in. 2. Estab- lish as colonists. 3. Give a temporary resi- dence to for the purpose of fraudulent voting. (Colloq.) II. vi. Settle in a country and found a colony. COLONNADE (kol-o-nad'), n. Range of columns placed at regular intervals. [Fr.; from L. eolumna.] COLONY (kol'o-ni), n. [pi. COL'ONIES.] 1. Body of persons who form a fixed settlement in a foreign country, and remain subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state. 2. Settle- ment so formed. 3. Place of settlement. 4. Community of persons having common in- terests. 5. Persons, collectively of the same race or nationality, residing in a particular locality, as the American colony in Paris. 6. Among the Romans, a military settlement planted in subject territory. 7. Among the Greeks, a band of emigrants impelled to seek a new home, and connected with their mother city by no stronger tie than that of sentiment. 8. Aggregation of colonial animals. [L. col- onia; from colonus, farmer; from colo, till.] COLOPHONE, COLOPHON (kol'-o-fon), COLO- PHONY (kol'6-fon-i), n. 1. Scroll or device adopted by printers at the end of a book. 2. Residue after distillation of crude turpentine; rosin. [L.] COLOR (kul'ur), n. 1. Property of objects that is distinguished only by the sense of sight. 2. Hue or tint which an object presents to the eye; any of the seven hues of the rainbow, or into which light is decomposed by a prism; any hue or tint formed by blending any of these. 3. Loosely, not only any hue, or blend- ing of hues, of the rainbow, but black or white as well. 4. Appearance of blood in the face; ruddiness. 5. Paint or pigment. 6. False show; semblance. 7. Plausibility. 8. Char- acter or kind. 9. [pi.] Flag; ensign; standard; badge. 10. Law. Appearance or prima facie right, furnishing a reasonable ground for action. — Color of office, plausible pretext for an act unjustly done through the countenance of an office. — Complementary color, one of two colors, which, when blended, produce white. — Primary colors. 1. Red, yellow, and blue, from which the others, called secondary colors, can be obtained. 2. The red, green, and violet light of the spectrum. — Prismatic colors, those into which pure light is resolved when transmitted through a triangular glass prism; colors of the rainbow. [L. color.] COLOR (kul'ur), v. [pr.p. COL'ORING; p.U and p.p. COLORED (kul'urd).] I. vt. Impart a color to; give a new color, hue, or tint to; paint; dye; stain; tinge. II. vi. 1. Become colored; assume a new color. 2. Blush. COLORABLE (kul'ur-a-bl), a. Specious; plausi- ble; apparent and not real. Colorado (koi-6-ra'dd), «. state of u. s., capital, Denver. Area 103,969 sq. m. Colorado-beetle (koi-o-rado-be-ti), n. Potato-bug (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Colorado (koi-6-ra'do) River. Rises in Wyoming, falls into Gulf of California. COLORATION (kul-ur-a/shun), n. 1. State of being colored. 2. Characteristic coloring. COLOR-BEARER (kul'ur-bar-er), n. One who carries flag of regiment, battalion or army. COLOR-BLIND (kul'ur-blind), a. Affected with color-blindness. COLOR-BLINDNESS (kul'ur-bllnd-nes), n. Pe- culiar defect of sight in which those who are affected are incapable of distinguishing differ- ent colors. See DEUTEKANOPIA, PROTAN- OPIA. COLORED (kul'urd), a. 1. Having a color. 2. Having any color except white or black. 3. Presented under fair colors or appearance; embellished; exaggerated. 4. Of negro race or descent. COLORIFIC (kul-ur-if'ik), a. Pertaining to or producing colors. COLORIMETER (kul-ur-im'e-ter), n. Device for measuring density of color. COLORING (kul'ur-ing), n. 1. Any substance used to give color. 2. Act of giving color to, or changing the color of, anything. 3. Color applied. 4. Specious appearance. 5. Painting. Art of app? ing c lors rroperly. COLORIST (kul'tir-ist), n. Artist who excels in coloring. COLOR-GUARD (kul'ur-gard), n. Mil. De- tachment of soldiers assigned to the duty of guarding the colors. COLORLESS (kul'ur-les), a. 1. Without color. 2. Neutral. COLOR-LINE (kul'ur-lin), n. Line of social distinction drawn between the white people and negroes in the United States. COLOR-SERGEANT (kul'ur-sar-jent), n. Mil. Sergeant who has charge of the colors of a regiment. COLOR-WHEEL (kul'ur-hwel), n. Wheel with different colored disks for illustrating the effect of combined colors. COLOSSAL (ko-los'al), a. Gigantic; huge; stu- pendous. COLOSSALLY (ko-los'al-i), adv. In the manner of a Colossus. COLOSSEUM (kol-o-se'um), n. Amphitheater in Rome, begun by Vespasian in A.D. 75 and finished by Titus in A.D. 80. It was an ellipse 620 feet in length by 5 13 in breadth. [L., from Gr. Tcolossialos, colossal; from kolossos, colossus.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. '* u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kn=c/«. in Scotch loch. COLOSSUS 248 C03IB Colossus. Colossus (ko-ios'us), n. [pi. Colossi (ko- las'I).] 1. Gigantic statue, particularly that of Apollo, which stood at the entrance of the harbor of Rhodes. 2. Any gigantic body. [L. — Gr. ho- lossos.] COLOSTBATION (kol-os-tra'- shun), n. Affliction in newly- born children due to astrin- gency of the mammary glands of the mother. [L. colostralio.] COLOUR, (kul'ur), COLOURABLE (kul'ur-a- bl), etc. Common spelling in England for COLOR, COLORABLE, etc. COLPORTAGE (kol'por-taj), n. Distribution of books by colporteurs. COLPORTEUR, COLPORTER (kol'por-tur), n. Vender or distributor of religious books, tracts, etc. [Fr. colporteur; from L. collum, neck, and porto, carry.] COLT (kolt), n. [fern. FIL'LY.] Young horse. [A. S.] COLTER, COULTER (kol'ter), n. Blade or disk on the beam of a plow for cutting the sward. [A. S. culter; from L. cutter, knife.] COLTISH (kolt'ish), o. Like a colt; frisky; wanton. COLTSFOOT (kolts'fot), n. Composite plant with large soft leaves, once used for asthma and colds. [From the shape of the leaf.] COLTSFOOT-ROCK (kolts'fot-rok), n. Cough- candy containing extract of coltsfoot leaves. COLUBRINE (kol'u-brin), a. Relating to snakes; like a snake; cunning. [L. coluber, snake.] COLU3IBARY (kol'um-ba-ri), n. 1. Dovecote or pigeon-house. 2. Arch. Hole left in a wall for the insertion of the end of a timber. [L. columbarium.] COLUMBATE (ko-lum'bat), n. Chem. Salt of columbic acid. COLUMBIA (ko-lum'bi-a), n. The United States of America. [From Columbus.] Columbia (ko-ium'bi-a), District of. Territory of U. S. containing the federal capital. (Abbr. D. C.) COLUMBIA (ko-lum'bi-a), n. City, capital of S. Carolina. COLUMBIAD (ko-lum'bi-ad), n. Large smooth- bore cannon, used by the Americans in the war of 1812. [From Columbia.] COLUMBIAN (ko-lum'bi-an), a. Pertaining to Columbia. COLUMBIC (ko-lum'bik), a. Produced from columbium or niobium. COLUMBINE (kol'um-bln), n, 1. In pan- tomimes, the sweetheart of Harlequin. 2. [c-] Bot. Plant of the genus Aquilegia, having five colored sepals, which soon fall off, and five petals, each terminating below in a horn- shaped spur or nectary. [L. columba 9 dove.] COLUMBINE (kol'um-bin), a. Of or like a dove; dove-colored. [L. columbinus; from columba, dove.] COLUMBIUM (ko-lum'bi-um), n. Steel-gray colored metal. Same as NIOBIUM. COLUMBUS (ko-lum'bus), n. City, capital of the State of Ohio. COLUMEL(kol'u-mel),n. Same as COLUMELLA. COLUMELLA (kol-u-mel'a), n. [pi. COLU- MEL'LE.] Small central column, pillar, or axis. [L., dim. of columen, column.] COLUMN (kol'um), n. 1. In architecture, a pillar, usually cylindrical, and consisting of a base, a shaft, and a capital, used to support or adorn an entablature, balcony, etc. 2. Anything analogous to a column, as a com- memorative shaft, vertical tube of mercury in a thermometer, etc. 3. Perpendicular section of a page in printing, or perpendicular line of figures in arithmetic. 4. Bot. Stamen of a plant, when the filaments are united into a tube around the styles. 5. Mil. Body of troops drawn up in deep files. 6. Naut. Fleet of ships arranged in sailing line of succession. [L. columen, columna, column.] COLUMNAR (ko-lum'nar), a. 1. Having the form of a column. 2. Formed in columns. COLUMNED (kol'umd),a. 1. Having columns. 2. Arranged in columns. COLUMNIATION (ko- W lum-ni-a'shun), n. Em- ployment or arrange- ment of columns In a design. CO LURE (ko-16r), n. Astron. and Geol. One of two great circles passing through the equinoxes and solstices respectively and inter- secting each other at right angles at the poles. [Gr. kolouros, dock-tailed.] COLZA (kol'za), n. Species of cabbage, from the seeds of which an oil for burning in lamps is obtained. [O. Fr. colzat.] COM-, prefix. Together; with. [L. cum, with.] COMA (ko'ma), n. Morbid deep sleep; stupor; lethargy. [Gr. koma, slumber.] COMA (ko'ma), n. [pi. CO'MM.] 1. Bot. Downy or hairy tuft. 2. Astron. Nebulous envelope surrounding the nucleus of a comet. [L. ; from Gr. home, hair.] CO MATE (ko'mat), a. Hairy; like hair. COMATOSE (ko'ma-tos), a. Affected with coma; abnormally drowsy. COMATOUS (ko'ma-tus), o. Same as COMA- TOSE. COMB (kom), n. 1. Toothed instrument for separating, arranging, or dressing the hair. 2. Anything of the nature of a comb, as a currycomfc, card for dressing wool or flax, etc. 3. Crest of a domestic fowl. 4. Top or crest of a wave or of a hill. 5. Aggregation of cells for honey; honeycomb. 6. JElec. Grid of a storage battery. [A. S. camb.] Super Columniation. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. COMB 249 COMFORT COMB (kom), v. [pr.p. COMBING; p.t. and p.p. COMBED (kdmd).] I. vt. 1. Separate, arrange, or clean by means of a comb. 2. Dress with a comb. II. vi. Break into foam, as the waves in the surf. COMBAT (kom'bat or kum'bat), n. Fight; struggle; warfare; contest. COMBAT (kom'bat or kum'bat), v. [pr.p, COM'- BATING; p.t. and p.p. COMBATED.] I. vt. 1. Beat against. 2. Engage or fight with. 3. Oppose; contend against. II. vi. Contend or struggle. [L. com-, with, and batuo, fight.] COMBATANT (kom'bat-ant), I. a. Disposed or inclined to combat. II. n» One who fights or combats. COMBATIVE (kom'bat-iv), a. Inclined to quarrel or fight. COMB ATI VENESS (kom'bat-iv-nes), w. Dis- position or propensity to be pugnacious or disputatious. COMBER (kom'er), n. 1. One who or that which combs. 2. Long curling wave; breaker. COMBINABLE (kom-bi'na-bl), a. Capable of combining or of being combined. COMBINATION (kom-bi-na'shun), ». 1. Act of combining. 2. State or condition of being combined. 3. Union of individual things. 4. Number of persons united for a purpose; combine. 5. Union or grouping of certain, numbers, quantities or factors in any particu- lar manner. COMBINE (kom-bln'), v. [pr.p. COMBI'NING; p.t. and p.p. COMBINED (kom-bind').] I. vt. Cause to unite; blend; compound. II. vi. 1. Enter into close union. 2. Cooperate. 3. Chem. Unite and form a new compound. [L. combino; from com-, together, and bini, two and two.] COMBINE (kom-bln'), n. Combination of per- sons or corporations for the purpose of ad- vancing their interests; syndicate; trust; ring. COMBINER (kom-bi'ner), n. One who or that which combines. COMBING (kom'ing), n. 1. Act or process of dressing or cleaning with a comb. 2. [pi.] What is separated by a comb. COMBUSTIBILITY (kom-bus-ti-bil'i-ti), n. Same as COMBUSTIBLENESS. COMBUSTIBLE (kom-bus'ti-bl), I. a. That may be set on fire and burned; inflammable. II. n. Anything that will take fire and burn; inflammable substance. [L. combustus, p.p. of comburo, consume or burn up.] COMBUSTIBLENESS (kom-bus'ti-bl-nes), n. Aptness or readiness to take fire; inflamma- bility. COMBUSTION (kom-bus'chun), n. 1. Act of burning; action of fire on combustible sub- stances. 2. Scientific term for all kinds of consumption through the influence of heat. 3. Confusion; turmoil. [L. combustionem; from combustum, supine of comburo, burn up.] COME (kum), vi. [pr.p. COM'ING; p.t. CAME (kam); p.p. COME.] 1. Move or proceed hitherdward — used always in respect to the place or person toward which the motion or procession is intended, and not in respect to that left; opposed to GO. 2. Arrive; reach; be present. 3. Happen; fall out; occur. 4. Draw near in time. 5. Move into view; appear. 6. Arrive at a state or condition. — Come, in the imperative, is used by way of exhortation, to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action. [A. S. cuman.] COMEDIAN (ko-me'di-an), n. Actor of com- edy. [Fr. comedien.] COMMEDIENNE (ko-ma-di-en'), n. Comedy actress. [Fr.] COMEDOWN (kum'down), n. Downfall. COMEDY (kom'e-di), n. [pi. COMEDIES.] Dra- matic piece of a pleasant or humorous charac- ter, originally accompanied with dancing and singing. [Fr. comedie; from L. comedia; from Gr. komodia; komos, revel, and ode, song.] COMELILY (kum'li-li), adv. In a comely, be- coming, or agreeable manner. COMELINESS (kum'li-nes), n. Quality of being comely. COMELY (kum'li), I. a. [comp. COME'LIER; superl. COME'LIEST.] 1. Handsome; graceful; pleasing. 2. Becoming; decorous; suitable. II. adv. Comelily. [A. S. cymlic] COMESTIBLE (ko-mes'ti-bl), n. [Generally used in plural, COMESTIBLES.] Edible food; anything capable of being eaten. COMET (kom'et) n. n. Astron. Lu- minous celestial body, presenting a nucleus or head enveloped in a coma, with a nebulous train or projection, and moving underthe sun's attraction on a path form- ing an elongated ellipse around the sun, or some- times a parabola or even a hyper- bola. [Gr. kom- etes, long-haired; from home, hair.] COMETARY(kom'- et-a-ri), COM- ETIC (kom-ef- ik), a. 1. Re- lating or pertain- ing to a comet. 2. Of the nature of a comet. COMFIT (kum'fit), n. Desiccated sweetmeat; confection; candy. COMFORT (kum'furt), vt. [pr.p. COM'FORT- Comets: 1. Comet A 1910. 2. Halley's Comet, show- ing course through the Earth's orbit in 1910. fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti— « in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. COMFORT 250 COMMENCE ING; p.t. and p.p. COM'FORTED.] 1. Console; solace; cheer. 2. Law. Afford aid or coun- tenance to; abet. [0. Fr. comforter; from L.L. conforto, make strong; from L. con*, with, and fortis, strong.] SYN. Solace; console; encourage; cheer; enliven; invigorate; inspirit; gladden; re- fresh; strengthen; confirm. ANT. Desert; forsake. COMFORT (kum'furt), n. 1. Relief afforded in time of trouble. 2. Consolation; encourage- ment; solace. 3. Quiet enjoyment; ease. 4. Whatever gives ease, enjoyment, etc. 5. Subject of satisfaction. 6. Law. Support or countenance. 7. Wadded bedquilt or com- forter. COMFORTABLE (kum'furt-a-bl), I. a. Im- parting or enjoying comfort. II. n. Wadded bedquilt or comforter. COMFORTABLY (kum'furt-a-bli), adv. In a comfortable manner. COMFORTER (kum'furt-er), n. 1. One who administers comfort. 2. Wadded bedquilt. 3. Long, narrow woolen scarf or tippet. COMFORTLESS (kum'furt-les), a. Without comfort; disconsolate. COMFREY (kum'M), n. Bot. Coarse perennial herb, formerly much prized as a vulnerary. [O. Fr. cumfirie.] COMIC (kom'ik), a. 1. Relating to comedy. 2. Raising mirth; droll; ludicrous. [Gr. komi- kos, belonging to comedy.] COMICAL (kom'ik-al), a. Funny; queer; ludi- crous. COMICALITY (kom-i-kal'i-ti), n. 1. Quality of being comical. 2. That which is comical. COMICALLY (kom'ik-al-i), adv. In a comical manner. COMIC ALNESS (kom'ik-al-nes), n. Quality of being comical. COMIQUE (ko-mgk'), n. Comic actor or singer. [Fr.] COMITY (kom'i-ti), n. Courteousness; civility. — Comity of nations, international courtesy by which effect is given to the laws of one state within the territory of another state. [L. comitas; from comis, courteous.] COMMA (kom'a),n. 1. Punctuation-mark (,) de- noting the smallest division of a sentence. 2. Music. Enharmonic interval. — Comma bacil- lus, comma-shaped microbe of Asiatic chol- era. [L.; from Gr. komma; from kopto, cut off.] COMMAND (kom-mand'), v. [pr.p. COMMAND- ING; p.t. and p.p. COMMAND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Order with authority; bid; enjoin. 2. Exer- cise supreme authority over. 3. Have with- in sight, influence or control. 4. Exact; de- mand; call for. II. vi. Have chief authority; govern; rule. [Fr. commander; from L. com- mendo, give in charge, command.] COMMAND (kom-mand'), n. 1. Right to com- mand; control; leadership. 2. Order given with authority; mandate. 3. Power; author- ity. 4. Act or power of keeping in restraint or control. 5. Ability to overlook or domi- nate. 6. That which is commanded, or is un- der the control of a commander, as a body of troops or a military district. SYN. Order; control; sway; power; au- thority; government; management; ascend- ency; supremacy; charge; mandate; in- junction; direction; behest; precept; decree. ANT. Obedience; submission. COMMANDANT (kom-mand-anf), n. Officer who has the command of a place or of a body of troops. COMMANDEER (kom-an-der'), vt. [pr.p. COM- MANDEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. COMMAN- DEERED, (kom-an-derd').] Force temporarily or otherwise into the military service. [S. Afr. E.] COMMANDER (kom-mand'er), n. 1. One who commands. 2. Naval officer next below a captain, and ranking with a lieutenant-colonel of the army. COM3IANDERY (kom-mand'er-i), n. District under a commander, especially in secret so- cieties. COMMANDING (kom-mand'ing), a. Fitted to command, impress, or control. COMMANDINGLY (kom-mand'ing-li), adv. In a commanding manner. COMMANDMENT (kom-mand'ment), n. 1. Command; edict; order; mandate. 2. Pre- cept. 3. Law, especially one of the "Ten Commandments" or decalogue. COMMANDRY (kom-mand'ri), n. Same as COMMANDERY. COMMEASURABLE (kom-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. Same as COMMENSURABLE. COMMEMORABLE (kom-mem'o-ra-bl), a. Memorable. COMMEMORATE (kom-mem'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. COMMEMORATING; p.t. and p.p. COMMEM'- ORATED.] Call to remembrance by a solemn or public act; celebrate; preserve the memory of. [L. commemoratus, p.p. of commemoro, call in mind ; from com-, together, and mentor, mindful.] COMME3IORATION (kom-mem-o-ra'shun), n. Act of commemorating; public celebration. COMMEMORATIVE (kom-mem'o-ra-tiv), a. Tending or serving to commemorate. COMMEMORATOR (kom-mem'o-ra-tur), n, One who commemorates. COMMEMORATORY (kom-mem'o-ra-to-ri), o. Commemorative. COMMENCE (kom-mens'), v. [pr.p COMMEN- CING; p.t. and p.p. COMMENCED (kom- menst').] I. vt. Give a beginning or origin to; start or originate; enter upon. II. vi. 1. Begin; take rise. 2. In England, take a university degree. [Fr. commencer; from L. com-, to- gether, and initio, begin.] SYN. Begin; initiate; start; open; orig- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=e/i in Scotch loch. COMMENCEMENT 251 C03IMISSION lnate; undertake. ANT. End; complete; finish; terminate. COMMENCEMENT (kom-mens'ment), n. 1. Beginning. 2. At certain English universities act of taking the degrees. 3. Graduating ex- ercises or celebration incident to the closing of a school term. COMMEND (kom-mend'), vt. [pr.p. COMMEND'- ING; p.t. and p.p. COMMENDED.] 1. Com- mit to one's charge; intrust. 2. Represent as deserving of notice, regard, or favor. 3. Praise; approve. [L. commendo; from com-, with, and mando, trust.] COMMENDABLE (kom-mend'a-bl), a. Worthy of being commended or praised. COMMEND ABLENESS (kom-mend'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being commendable. COMMENDABLY (kom-mend'a-bli), adv. In a commendable manner. COMMENDATION (kom-men-da'shun), n. 1. Act of commending; praise. 2. Declaration of esteem. 3. Ground or reason for praise or approval. COMMENDATORY ( kom-mend 'a-t6-ri), a. 1. Containing praise or commendation. 2. Presenting to favorable notice or recep- tion. COMMENSAL (kom-men'sal), I. a. Pertaining to, or living as, a commensal. II. n. Biol. Plant or animal living off another without be- ing parasitical, as an actinia which fixes itself on the back of a crab. [L. com-, together, and mensa, table.] COMMENSURABLE (kom-men'su-ra-bl), a. Having a common measure. [L. com-, with, and mensura, measure.] COMMENSURATE (kom-men'su-rat), vt. [pr.p. COMMEN'SURATING; p.t. and p.p. COM- MEN'SURATED.] 1. Reduce to a common measure. 2. Proportionate. [L. com-, with, and mensura, measure.] COMMENSURATE (kom-men'su-rat), a. Com- mensurable. COMMENSURATELY (kom-men'su-rat-li), adv. In a commensurate manner. COMMENSURATENESS (kom-men'su-rat-nes), n. Quality of being commensurate. COMMENSURATION (kom-men-su-ra'shun), n. 1. Act or process of commensurating. 2. State of being commensurated. COMMENT (kom'ent), vi. [pr.p. COMMENT- ING; p.t. and p.p. COM'MENTED.] 1. Make explanatory or critical notes. 2. Make re- marks or observations upon any subject. [L. commentor, reflect upon.] COMMENT (kom'ent), n. 1. Note conveying an illustration, explanation, or criticism. 2. Re- mark or observation in explanation or criticism. COMMENTARY (kom'en-ta-ri), n. [pi. COM'- MENTARIES.] 1. Book consisting of a reg- ular series of comments or notes on another book. 2. Comment. COM3IENTATION (kom-en-ta'shun), n. Anno- tation. COMMENTATOR (kom'en-ta-tur), n. Writer of comments; annotator. COMMENTER (kom'en-ter), COM3IENTOR (kom'en-tur), n. One who makes comments or remarks. COMMERCE (kom'ers), ». 1. Interchange of merchandise on a large scale between nations or individuals; extended trade or traffic. 2. Intercourse. 3. Name of a game of cards. — Chamber of commerce, association of mer- chants for the encouragement of trade. [Fr. ; from L. commercium; from com-, with, and merx, mercis, merchandise.] COMMERCIAL (kom-mer'shal), a. 1. Pertain- ing to commerce. 2. Engaged in traffic. 3. Used in or for commerce. COMMERCIALISM (kom-mer'shal-izm), n. 1. Trading spirit. 2. Domination of this spirit in the social life. COMMINATION (kom-i-na'shun), n. Denun- ciation; threatening. [L. comminatio; com-, with, and minor, threaten.] COMMINATORY (kom-min'a-to-ri), o. Denun- ciatory. COMMINGLE (kom-ming'gl), v. [pr.p. COM- MINGLING; p.t. and p.p. COMMINGLED (kom-ming'gld).] I. vt. Mingle or mix to- gether; blend. II. vi. Become mingled or blended; coalesce. [COM- and MINGLE.] COMMINUTE (kom'i-nut), vt. [pr.p. COMMI- NUTING; p.t. and p.p. COM'MINUTED.] Re- duce to minute particles; pulverize. [L. com-, together, and minuo, make smaller.] COMMINUTION (kom-i-nu'shun), n. 1. Pul- verization. 2. Surg. Compound fracture. COMMISERATE ( kom-miz 'er-at), vt. [pr.p. COMMISERATING; p.t. and p.p. COMMIS'- ESATED.] Feel or manifest pity for; condole with; compassionate. [L. com-, with, and miseror, pity; from miser, wretched.] COMMISERATION ( kom-miz-er-a'shun ), n. Concern for the suffering of others; pity. COMMISERATIVE (kom-miz 'er-a-tiv), a. Feeling or expressing sympathetic sorrow. COMMISERATOR ( kom-miz 'er-a-tui), n. One who commiserates. COMMISSARIAL (kom-i-sa'ri-al), o. Pertain- ing to a commissary. COMMISSARIAT (kom-i-sa'ri-at), n. 1. De- partment charged with the furnishing of pro- visions, as for an army. 2. Supply of pro- visions. 3. Office of a commissary. COMMISSARY (kom'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. COM'MIS- SARIES.] 1. One to whom a charge is com- mitted. 2. One of the many officers charged with furnishing provisions, etc., to an army. [L. commissum, p.p. of committo, commit.] COMMISSARY -GENERAL (kom'i-sa-ri-jen-er- al), n. Head of the subsistence department ol the army, having charge of the commissaries. COM31ISSION (kom-mish'un), n. 1. Act of fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. COMMISSION 252 COMMONS committing. 2. That which is committed; charge; trust. 3. Writing conferring certain powers or authority. 4. Body of persons appointed to perform certain duties. 5. Doc- ument appointing one to hold a designated military or civil office. 6. Percentage paid in a transaction to an active agent. — Put a ship into commission, man and equip it for active service. [From COMMIT.] COMMISSION (kom-mish'un), vt. [pr.p. COM- MISSIONING; p.t. and p.p. COMMISSIONED (kom-mish'und).-] 1. Give a commission to. 2. Put into commission. COMMISSIONAIRE (kom-mish-un-ar'), n. Same as COMMISSIONNAIRE. COMMISSIONER (kom-mish'un-er), n. 1. Person who has a commission to perform some office or business. 2. Head of a gov- ernment bureau, as commissioner of pensions, commissioner of internal-revenue, etc. COMMISSIONNAIRE ( kom-mish-un-ar' ), n. Messenger, or light porter; one employed about public places and hotels to undertake light commissions. [Fr.] COMMISSURE (kom'i-sur), n. Joint; seam; suture; point of junction, as of the corners of the lips, eyelids, etc. [L. commissural COMMIT (kom-mif), vt. [pr.p. COMMITTING; p.t. and p.p. COMMIT'TED.] 1. Give in charge or trust; consign. 2. Do; perform; perpetrate. 3. Compromise; involve; pledge; endanger. 4. Refer, as a bill to a committee. 5. Send to prison. — Commit to memory, learn off by heart; memorize. [L. committo; from com-, together, and mitto, send.] SYN. Intrust; confide; consign; deposit; pledge; give; deliver; execute; perpetrate; enact; perform; imprison; engage; impli- cate; compromise; endanger. COMMITMENT (kom-mit'ment), n. 1. Act of committing. 2. Order for sending to prison. 3. Imprisonment. COMMITTAL (kom-mit'al), n. 1. Commitment. 2. Pledge, actual or implied. COMMITTEE (kom-mit'e), n. Person or persons appointed to examine, consider, and report on any matter or business. COMMIX (kom-miks'), v. [pr.p. COMMIX'ING; p.U and p.p. COMMIXED (kom-mikst').] I. vt. Mix together. II. vi. Mix or coalesce. [COM- and MIX.] COMMIXTURE (kom-miks'tur), n. 1. Act of mixing together. 2. State of being mixed. 3. Compound formed by mixing. COMMODE (kom-mod'), n. 1. Washstand with drawers and closet. 2. Night-stool. COMMODIOUS (kom-mo'di-us), a. 1. Suitable or convenient. 2. Roomy; spacious. [L. commo- dus; from com-, with, and modus, measure.] COMMODIOUSLY (kom-mo'di-us-li), adv. In a commodious manner. COMMODIOUSNESS (kom-mo'di-us-nes), n. State of being commodious. COMMODITY (kom-mod'i-ti), n. [pi. COM- MODITIES.] 1. Article of traffic or mer- chandise. 2. Formerly, any convenience or advantage or that which afforded it. [Fr. commod'tie; from L. commoditas; from corn- modus, suitable or convenient.] COMMODORE (kom'o-dor), n. 1. In the U. S. navy, rank next above a captain and below a rear-admiral, now abolished. 2. In the English navy, rank intermediate between an admiral and a captain. 3. Leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen. 4. President of a yacht-club; also his vessel at a regatta. [Sp. comendador; from L. commendo, command.] COMMON (kom'un), a. [comp. COM'MONER; superl. COM'MONEST.] 1. Belonging equally to more than one; public; general. 2. Usual; frequent. 3. Easy to be had; ordinary; of little value. 4. Vulgar; low. — Common law, accepted customary law of the land, as op- posed to statute law. — The common people, the populace; the masses. [Fr. commun; L. communis; com-, with, and munis, serving.] COMMON (kom'un), n. 1. Tract of open land, used in common by the inhabitants of a town, etc. 2. What is usual or common. 3. Law. Conjoint possession. — Above the common, superior to the generality. — In common, to be enjoyed or participated in equally with an- other or others. C03IMONAGE (kom'un-aj), n. 1. Right of pasturing on a common. 2. Right of using anything in common. 3. Common. COMMONALTY (kom'un-al-ti), n. [pi. COM'- MONALTIES.] General body of the people without any distinction of rank or authority. COMMON CHORD (kom'un kard). Music. Chord consisting of a fundamental, third and fifth. COMMONER (kom'un-er), n. 1. One of the commonalty. 2. Member of the British House of Commons. 3. One who has a joint right in common ground. 4. Student of the second rank in the university of Oxford. COMMONLY (kom'un-li), adv. 1. Generally; frequently; usually; freely; widely. 2. Poorly; meanly. COMMONNESS (kom'un-nes), n. State or quality of being common; frequency; triteness. COMMONPLACE (kom'un-plas), I. a. Common; ordinary; hackneyed; trite. II. n. 1. Com- mon topic or subject; platitude. 2. Mem- orandum or note. COMMONPLACE (kom'un-plas), v. [pr.p. COM'- MONPLACING; p.t. and p.p. COMMON- PLACED (kom'un-plast).] I. vt. Reduce to or arrange under general heads. II. vi. Make notes or memoranda in a commonplace-book. COMMONPLACE-BOOK (kom'un-plas-bok), n. Book in which things to be remembered are arranged under general heads. COMMONS (kom'unz), n.pl. 1. Commonalty. 2. Members of the House of Commons, or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, n=u in 'Scotch aude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c7i in Scotch Loch. C03I3ION SENSE 253 C03I3IUTER lower house of Parliament in Great Britain or Canada. 3. Food provided at a common table, as in certain colleges. 4. Food in general ; rations. — Short commons, small allowance of food; scant fare; short rations. COMMON SENSE (kom'un sens). Good sense or practical sagacity; average understanding. COMMONWEAL (kom'un-wel), n. Common- wealth. — The common weal, the common good; public welfare. COMMONWEALTH (kom'un-welth), n. 1. Body politic or government of a free state or nation. 2. The state or nation itself. 3. Whole body of people of such a state or nation. COMMOTION (kom-mo'shun), n. Excited or tumultuous action, physical or mental; tumult. [L. com-, together, and moveo, motum, move.] COMMUNAL (kom'u-nal), a. Of or pertaining to a commune. COMMUNE (kom'un), n. 1. Smallest territorial division in France, governed by a mayor and a council. 2. Body of extreme socialists. [Fr.; from commune, commonalty.] COMMUNE (kom-mun'), vi. [pr.p. COMMU- NING; p.t. and p.p. COMMUNED (kom- mund').] 1. Converse or talk together. 2. Partake of the eucharist. [O. Fr. comuner, share; from comun, common.] C03I3IUNE (kom'un), n. Communion. COMMUNIC ABILITY (kom-mu-ni-ka-bil'i-ti), n. Capability of being imparted or com- municated. COMMUNICABLE (kom-mu'ni-ka-bl), a. 1. Capable of being communicated. 2. Com- municative; affable. COMMUNICABLY (kom-mu'ni-ka-bli), adv. By way of communication. COMMUNICANT (kom-mu'ni-kant), n. 1. One who partakes of the eucharist. 2. One who communicates. COMMUNICATE (kom-mu'ni-kat), v. [pr.p. COMMUNICATING; p.t. and p.p. COM- MU'NICATED.] I. vt. 1. Impart knowledge of; make aware of. 2. Transmit; impart. 3. Administer the communion to. II. vi. 1. Have communion. 2. Have means of com- munication; be connected. 3. Partake of the eucharist. [L. communico; from communis, common.] SYN. Tell; inform; unfold; report; reveal; announce; declare; mention; divulge; dis- close; acquaint; publish; promulgate. ANT. Suppress; conceal; secrete. COMMUNICATION (kom-mu-ni-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of communicating. 2. Means of com- munication. 3. That which is communicated. 4. Celebration of the eucharist. COMMUNICATIVE (kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv), a. 1. Inclined to communicate; unreserved. 2. Adapted for communication. COMMUNICATIVELY (kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv-li), adv. In a communicative manner. C03I3IUNICATIVENESS (kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv- nes), n. Quality of being communicative. C03I31UNICATOR (kom-mu'ni-ka-tur), n. 1. One who communicates. 2. Means of com- munication. C03I31UNICATORY (kom-mu'ni-ka-to-ri), a. Imparting or conveying knowledge or infor- mation. C03I3IUNION (kom-mun'yun), n. 1. Act of communing; mutual intercourse. 2. Union in religious service, or body or denomination of people who so unite. 3. Celebration of the eucharist. C03I3IUNIS3I (kom'u-nizm), n. 1. Equality of distribution of the physical means of life and enjoyment. 2. Socialistic reconstruction of government by the abolition of private property and the transfer of all individual resources to the control of the community. [Fr. communisme.] C03I3IUNIST (kom'u-nlst), n. One who believes In communism. CU3I3IUNISTIC (kom-u-nis'tik), a. Relating to the tenets of communism or communists. COM3IUNITY (kom-mu'ni-ti), n. 1. Common possession or enjoyment. 2. Agreement; communion. 3. Body of persons having com- mon interests. 4. Public in general. 5. Body of persons in the same locality. 6. Monastic body. [L. communitas; from communis, common.] C03IMUT ABILITY (kom-mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Ca- pacity to be commuted. COM3IUTABLE (kom-mu'ta-bl), a. Capable of being commuted. C03I3IUTATION (kom-u-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of commuting. 2. Change or exchange of one thing for another. 3. Change of a penalty or rate from a greater to a less. — Commuta- tion ticket, ticket of admission to a series of entertainments, or for a number of fares on a railroad, etc., Issued at reduced rates. C03I3IUTATIVE (kom-mu'ta-tiv), a. 1. Rela- ting to exchange. 2. Interchangeable. C03I3IUTATIVELY (kom-mu'ta-tiv-li), adv. By way of exchange. C03I3IUTAT0R (kom'u-ta-tur), n. Elec. 1. Device for reversing an electric current. 2. Device for changing alternating into continu- ous currents, or vice versa. C03I3IUTE (kom-muf), v. [pr.p. COMMU'TING; p.t. and p.p. COMMU'TED.] I. vt. 1. Change from a greater to a less, as to commute a con- vict's sentence. 2. Accept a reduction of, as to commute the rate of fare on the purchase of a round-trip ticket. 3. Elec. Cause to take one and the same direction, as to commute a number of electric currents. II. vi. Effect a commutation; obtain a commutation ticket. [L. commuto; from com-, with, and muto, change.] C03IMUTER (kom-mu'ter), n. 1. One who commutes. 2. Elec. Commutator. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. COMO 254 COMPASS CoMO (ko'mo), n. City, Lombardy, N. Italy, on S. W. extremity of Lake of Como. COMPACT (kom-pakf), a. 1. Packed together; firm; dense; solid; close. 2. Brief; condensed; concise; terse. 3. Made up; greatly addicted. [L. compactus; from compingo, join together.] SYN. Condensed; close; concentrated; solid; firm; dense; hard. ANT. Loose; dif- fuse; soft. COMPACT (kom-pakf), v. [pr.p. COMPACTING; p.t. and p.p. COMPACT 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Press closely together; consolidate. 2. Join firmly and fitly as in a system. 3. 3Iake up; com- pose. II. vi. Become compacted. COMPACT (kom'pakt), n. 1. Bargain or agree- ment. 2. League; treaty; union. [L. com- pactum; from com-, with, and pacisci, make a bargain.] COMPACT (kom-pakf), vi. [pr.p. COMPACT- ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPACT'ED.] Enter into a league or agreement. COMPACTLY (kom-pakt'li), adv. In a compact manner. COMPACTNESS (kom-pakt'nes), n. State or quality of being compact. COMPANION (kom-pan'yun), n. 1. One who keeps company or frequently associates with another; associate. 2. Higher rank of servant, who, though receiving pay, stands rather in the relation of a friend. 3. Fellow, in a bad sense. [L.L. companium, mess; from L. com-, with, and panis, bread.] COMPANION (kom-pan'yun), n. Naut. 1. Skylight or window-frame through which light passes to a lower deck or cabin. 2. Com- panion-ladder. [O Sp. compana, outhouse.] COMPANIONABLE (kom-pan'yun-a-bl), a. En- dowed with the qualities of a good companion; agreeable; sociable. COMPANIONABLENESS ( kom-pan'yun-a-bl- nes), n. Quality of being companionable. COMPANION-LADDER (kom-pan'yun-lad-er), n. Naut. Ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from the quarter-deck. COMPANIONSHIP (kom-pan'yun-ship), n. Com- pany; association; fellowship. COMPANIONWAY (kom-pan'yun-wa), n. Naut. Stairway from the deck to a cabin. COMPANY (kum'pa-ni), n. [pi. COM'PANIES.] 1. Any assembly of persons. 2. Number of persons associated together for trade, etc. 3. Guest or guests. 4. Attendant; companion; associate. 5. State of being a companion; fellowship. 6. Society. 7. Partners whose names do not appear in the title or style of the firm. 8. Subdivision of a regiment under command of a captain. 9. Crew of a ship. 10. Troupe of performers. — Keep company with. 1. Associate with. 2. Court or woo. [Fr. compagnie; from L. com-, with, and panis, bread.] SYN. Assembly; congregation; assem- blage; audience; society; group; circle; coterie; crowd; troop; crew; corporation; association; partnership; firm; concourse; gathering; meeting. ANT. Dispersion; privacy; seclusion; retirement; loneliness. COMPARABLE (kom'pa-ra-bl), a. That may be compared; worthy of comparison. C031PARABLY (kom'pa-ra-bli), adv. In a manner or degree worthy of comparison. COMPARATIVE (kom-par'a-tiv), o. 1. Pertain- ing to comparison. 2. Estimated by compar- ing with something else; relative. 3. Gram. Pertaining to the second of the three degrees of comparison, expressing more or less, or a higher or lower degree; distinguished from POSITIVE and SUPERLATIVE. COMPARATIVE (kom-par'a-tiv), n. Gram. Com- parative degree, or word or form denoting it. COMPARATIVELY ( kom-par 'a-tiv-li), adv. Rel- atively, in a comparative degree. COMPARE (kom-par'), v. [pr.p. COMPAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPARED (kom-pard').] I. vt. I. Set together, to ascertain agreement or dis- agreement. 2. Liken. 3. Gram. Inflect ac- cording to the degrees of quality or quantity. II. vi. Hold comparison. [L. comparo, match; from com-, together, and paro, make equal.] SYN. Parallel; assimilate; collate; esti- mate relatively; resemble; ANT. Contrast; oppose; dissociate; distinguish; fit. COMPARE (kom-par'), n. Fitness to enter into comparison; comparison. — Beyond compare, without any rival or equal. COMPARISON (kom-par'i-sun), n. 1. Act of comparing. 2. Capacity of being compared. 3. Comparative estimate. 4. Hhet. Simile or figure by which two things are compared. 5. Gram. Inflection of adjectives or adverbs denoting differences of degree. [L. comparatio; from comparo, make equal.] COMPARTMENT (kom-part'ment), n. Separate part or division of any inclosed space. [Fr. compartiment ; from L. L. compartimentum; from compartio, divide; com-, together, and pars, part.] C031PASS (kum'pas), n, 1. Circuit; circum- ference; circle. 2. Range; scope; reach. 3. Due limits or bounds; moderation. 4. Music. Range or power of the voice or of any musical instrument. 5. Instrument for determining direction by means of a poised magnetic needle. — Mariner's compass, instrument for determining and guiding the course of a ship, consisting of a poised magnetic needle at- tached to a circular card (called the compass- card), on which the thirty-two points of di- rection are marked. — Box the compass, see BOX, vt. [Fr. compas, circle; from L. com-, to- gether, and passus, step.] COMPASS (kum'pas), vt. [pr.p. COM'PASSING; [p.t. and p.p. COMPASSED (kum'past).] 1. Bring about or obtain. 2. Plot; revolve in the mind. 3. Surround; attend closely on; ac- company. 4. Bend into a curve. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gv.de; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COMPASSABLE 255 COMPILATION Compass-card. COMPASSABLE (kum'pas-a-bl), a. Capable of being compassed. COMPASS-CARD (kum'- pas-kard), n. Circular card of a mariner's com- pass. See COMPASS. COMPASSES (kum'pas- ez), n.pl. Instrument consisting of two or more movable legs, for de- scribing circles, etc. COMPASS-FLOWER (kum'- pas-flow-er), n. Same as COMPASS-PLANT. COMPASSION (kom-pash'un), n. Fellow-feel- ing, or sorrow for the sufferings of another; pity. [L. compassio, sympathy.] SYN. Pity; sympathy; commiseration; pardon. ANT. Condemnation; cruelty; hardness; harshness. COMPASSIONATE (kom-pash'un-at), a. Feeling compassion or pity; merciful. COMPASSIONATE (kom-pash'un-at), vt. [pr.p. COMPASSIONATING; p.t. and p.p. COM- PAS'SIONATED.] Have compassion for; have pity or mercy upon. COMPASSIONATELY (kom-pash'un-at-li), adv. In a compassionate manner. COMPASS-PLANE (kum'pas-plan), n. Plane, convex on the under side, for smoothing curved timber. COMPASS-PLANT (kum'pas-plant), n. Plant of the aster family, the Silphium laciniatum, or "rosin-weed," the "fixed light position" of whose leaves is vertical and directed north and south. As a consequence, the leaves stand edgewise and twist into the meridian plane. COMPASS-SAW (kum'pas-sa), n. Saw that cuts in a circular manner. COMPATIBILITY (kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- ity of being compatible. COMPATIBLE (kom-pat'i-bl), a. Consistent with; in harmony with; congruous. [L. com-, with, and potior, passus, suffer or endure.] COMPATIBLY (kom-pat'i-bli), adv. In a com- patible manner. COMPATRIOT (kom-pa'tri-ut), n. One of the same country; fellow countryman. [COM- and PATRIOT.] COMPEER (kom-per'), n. 1. One who is equal to another. 2. Companion; associate. [L. compar; com-, with, and par, equal.] COMPEL (kom-pel'), vt. [pr.p. COMPELLING; p.t. and p.p. COMPELLED (kom-peld').] 1. Drive or urge forcibly. 2. Obtain by hard labor; force; exact. [L. compello; from com-, together, and pello, drive.] SYN. Oblige; force; coerce; impel; insist. ANT. Release; relax; desist; dispel; with- draw. COMPELLABLE (kom-pel'a-bl), a. Capable of being compelled. COMPELLATION (kom-pel-la'shun), n. 1. Style of address; appellation. 2. Act of addressing. [L. compellatio ; compello, address.] COMPELLATIVE (kom-pel'a-tiv), n. Word used in addressing; appellative; appellation. COMPELLER (kom-pel'er), n. One who com- pels. COMPEND (kom'pend), n. Compendium. COMPENDIOUS (kom-pen'di-us), a. Summa- rized; succinct; in brief compass. SYN. Condensed; abridged; concentrated; compact; terse; laconic. ANT. Diffuse; prolix; copious; verbose. COMPENDIOUSLY (kom-pen'di-us-li), adv. In a compendious manner. COMPENDIOUSNESS (kom-pen'di-us-nes), n. Quality of being compendious. C03IPENDIUM (kom-pen'di-um), n. [pi. COM- PEN'DIUMS or COMPENDIA.] Abridgment; epitome; summary; abstract. [L., what is weighed together.] SYN. See ABRIDGMENT. COMPENSATE (kom'pen-sat), v. [pr.p. COM'- PENSATING; p.t. and p.p. COMPENSATED.] I. vt. 1. Reward suitably. 2. Make amends for; counterbalance. II. vi. Make amends; supply an equivalent. [L. com-, together, and penso, freq. of pcndo, weigh.] COMPENSATION (kom-pen-sa'shun), n. 1. Act of compensating. 2. Reward for service. 3. Amends for loss sustained. 4. Physics. Neu- tralization of opposing forces. SYN. Remuneration; pay; recompense; re- ward; damages. ANT. Deprivation; injury; retribution. C03IPENSATIVE (kom-pen'sa-tiv), a. Giving compensation. C03IPENSATOR (kom-pen'sa-tur), n. One who or that which compensates. COMPENSATORY (kom-pen'sa-to-ri), a. Com- pensative. COMPETE (kom-pet'), vi. [pr.p. COMPE'TING; p.t. and p.p. COMPETED.] Seek or strive with others for something; contend for a prize. [L. competo; from com-, together, and peto, seek.] COMPETENCE (kom'pe-tens), COMPETENCY (kom'pe-ten-si), n. 1. Capacity; fitness; suf- ficiency. 2. Competent circumstances; ade- quate pecuniary support. 3. Legal power or capacity; qualification. COMPETENT (kom'pe-tent), a. 1. Qualified for any purpose or office. 2. Law. Admissi- ble, as competent evidence. COMPETITION (kom-pe-tish'un), n. Act of competing; rivalry. COMPETITIVE (kom-pet'i-tiv), a. Pertaining to or characterized by competition. COMPETITOR (kom-pet'i-tur), n. One who competes; rival or opponent. COMPETITORY (kom-pet'i-to-ri), a. Engaged in or involving competition. COMPILATION (kom-pi-la'shun), n. 1. Act of compiling. 2. That which is compiled. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, \l—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COMPILE 256 C03IPLICITY C031PILE (kom-pil'), vt. [pr.p. COMPILING; p.t. and p.p. COMPILED (kom-plld').] Com- pose by collecting the material from other books. [Fr. compiler; from L. compilo, pillage.] COMPILER (kom-pi'ler), n. One who compiles. C03IPLACENCE (kom-pla'sens), COMPLA- CENCY (kom-pla'sen-si), n. 1. Tranquil sat- isfaction of mind or heart. 2. Civility; courtesy. COMPLACENT (kom-pla'sent), a. 1. Showing satisfaction; pleased. 2. Inclined to please. [L. com-, together, and placeo, please.] COMPLACENTLY (kom-pla'sent-li), adv. In a complacent manner. COMPLAIN (kom-plan'), vi. [pr.p. COMPLAIN'- ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLAINED (kom- pland').] 1. Express grief, pain, or censure. 2. Murmur or express a sense of injury. 3. Accuse. 4. Make a mournful sound. 5. Be ill, as complain of a sore throat. [Fr. com- plaindre; from L. com-, together, and plango, strike.] COMPLAINANT (kom-plan'ant), n. 1. One who complains. 2. Law. One who brings suit; plaintiff. COMPLAINER (kom-plan'er), n. Murmurer; one who complains. COMPLAINT (kom-plant'), n. 1. Expression of grief. 2. Representation of pains or injuries. 3. Remonstrance or finding fault. 4. Cause or ground of complaining. 5. Disease or ailment. 6. Law. Formal allegation or charge. COMPLAISANCE (kom'pla-zans), n. Disposi- tion to please; obliging civility; courtesy. [Fr.] COMPLAISANT (kom'pla-zant), a. Showing de- sire to please; obliging; polite; courteous. See COMPLACENT. [Fr.] COMPLAISANTLY (kom'pla-zant-li), adv. In a complaisant manner. COMPLEMENT (kom'ple-ment), n. 1. That which completes or fills up. 2. Full number or quantity. 3. State of being complete. 4. Accessory. 5. Geom. Any magnitude which, with another one, makes up a given magni- tude. [L. complementiim; from compleo, fill full.] COMPLEMENTAL (kom-ple-ment'al), a. Com- plementary. COMPLEMENTARY (kom-ple-ment'a-ri), a. Serving to complete; completing. COMPLETE (kom-plef), a. 1. Finished; entire. 2. Free from deficiency; perfect. [L. com- pletus, p.p. of compleo; com.', together, and pleo, fill.] COMPLETE (kom-plef), vt. [pr.p. COMPLE'- TING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLETED.] 1. Fin- ish; accomplish. 2. Make perfect or entire. COMPLETELY (kom-plet'li), adv. Fully; per- fectly; to completion. COMPLETENESS (kom-plef nes), n. State of being complete; perfection. COMPLETION (kom-ple'shun), n. 1. Act of completing. 2. State of being complete. 3. Fulfillment. COMPLETIVE (kom-ple'tiv), c. Fulfilling; completing. COMPLEX (kom'pleks), a. 1. Composed of va- rious parts; not simple. 2. Complicated; in- tricate. [L. complexus, p.p. of complecto, fold together.] STN. Intricate; involved; abstruse. ANT. Plain; obvious; simple; homogeneous. COMPLEX (kom'pleks), n. Complex whole; aggregation. COMPLEXION (kom-plek'shun), n. 1. Color or look of the skin, especially of the face. 2. General appearance, temperament, or texture. [L. complexio; complecto, fold together.] COMPLEXION (kom-plek'shun), vt. [pr.p. COMPLEX'IONING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLEX- IONED (kom-plek'shund).] Give a color to; tinge. COMPLEXIONAL (kom-plek'shun-al), a. Per- taining to the complexion. COMPLEXIONED (kom-plek'shund), a. Having a certain complexion, or temperament. COMPLEXIONLESS ( kom-plek'shun-les ), a. Colorless; pale. COMPLEXITY (kom-pleks'i-ti), n. [pi. COM- PLEXITIES.] State of being complex; com- plication ; intricacy. COMPLEXLY (kom-pleks'li), a. In a complex or involved manner. COMPLEXNESS (kom-pleks'nes), n. Com- plexity. COMPLEXUS (kom-pleks'us), n. 1. Compli- cated system. 2. Anat. Large muscle of the back, passing from the spine to the head. C03IPLIABLE (kom-pli'a-bl), a. Disposed to comply. COMPLIANCE (kom-pli'ans), C03IPLIANCY (kom-pli'an-si), n. 1. Act of complying. 2. Complaisance. C03IPLIANT (kom-pli'ant), a. Yielding; pliant. C03IPLIANTLY (kom-pli'ant-li), adv. In a compliant manner. C03IPLICACY (kom'pli-ka-si), n. [pi. COM'- PLICACIES.] Quality or state of being com- plicated. C03IPLICATE (kom'pli-kat), vt. [pr.p. COM'- PLICATING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLICATED.] 1. Render complex; make intricate or in- volved. 2. Twist together or entangle. [L. corn-, together, and plico, plicatum, fold.] C03IPLICATE (kom'pli-kat), a. Complicated. C03IPLICATED (kom'pli-ka-ted), a. Intricate; involved; confused. C03IPLICATION (kom-pli-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of rendering involved, entangled or intricate. 2. State of being complicated. 3. Entangle- ment; involvement; complexity. C03IPLICATIVE (kom'pli-ka-tiv), a. Tending to complicate. C03IPLICITY (kom-plis'i-ti), n. [pi. COM- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COMPLIER 257 COMPOUND PLIC'ITIES.] 1. State or condition of being an accomplice. 2. Complexity. [Fr. com- plicite.] COMPLIER (kom-pll'er), n. One who complies. COMPLIMENT (kom'pli-inent), n. 1. Expres- sion of regard or praise. 2. Expression of formal respect or civility. [Fr.] SYN. Homage; courtesy; flattery. ANT. Insult; discourtesy; contempt. COMPLIMENT (kom'pli-ment), v. [pr.p. COM'- PLIMENTING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLIMENT- ED.] I. vt. Pay a compliment to. II. vi. Make or exchange compliments. COMPLIMENTAL (kom-pli-ment'al), o. Ex- pressing or implying compliment. COMPLIMENTARY ( kom-pli-ment'a-ri), a. Conveying, or expressive of, regard or praise; using compliments; by way of compliment. COMPLIN, COMPLINE (kom'plin), n. Eccl. Last of the canonical hours in the breviary. [Fr. complies; from L. completus, finished.] COMPLOT (kom'plot), n. Conspiracy; plot. [Fr.] COMPLOT (kom-plof), v. [pr.p. COMPLOT'TING p.f. and p.p. COMPLOT'TED.] I. vt. Contrive; plan; plot. II. vi. Combine in a plot; con- spire. COMPLY (kom-pli'), vi. [pr.p. COMPLYING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLIED (kom-plid').] Yield to the wishes of another; agree; consent. [It. complire; from L. compleo, fulfill.] COMPONENT (kom-po'nent), I. a. Making up; forming one of the elements of a compound; constituent. II. n. Constituent part. [L. componens, pr.p. of compono, compose.] COMPORT (kom-port), v. [pr.p. COMPORT- ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPOKT'ED.] I. vt. Conduct or behave. II. vi. Agree or corre- spond; suit. [L. comporto; from com-, together, and porto, carry.] COMPORTMENT (kom-port'ment), n. Behavior; bearing; deportment. COMPOSE (kom-p6z'), v. [pr.p. COMPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. COMPOSED (kom-pdzd').] I. vt. 1. Form by putting two or more parts or things together. 2. Place in proper order; arrange; dispose. 3. Calm; soothe; tran- quilize. 4. Originate or write as author. 5. Constitute. 6. Settle, as a dispute. II. vi. Work as a composer, or as compositor. [Fr. composer; from L. com-, with, and pausa, pause.] COMPOSED (kom-pozd'), a. Settled; quiet; calm. COMPOSEDLY (kom-pd'zed-li), adv. In a composed manner; quietly; calmly. COMPOSEDNESS (kom-po'zed-nes), n. Quality or state of being composed. COMPOSER (kom-po'zer), n. Author, espe- cially of a piece of music. COMPOSING (kom-po'zing), a. 1. Forming; making; framing. 2. Soothing; quieting. — Composing frame, printer's elevated work- ing frame, on which the cases of type rest obliquely. — Composing machine, machine for setting and arranging types, worked by keys like a piano. — Comp o sing stick, instru- ment in which compositors arrange the types and ad- just them to Composing Stick. the length of the lines. COMPOSITE (kom-poz'i-te),n.p?. Bot. Largest natural order of plants with compound flowers. [L.] COMPOSITE (kom-poz'it), a. 1. Made up of two or more distinct parts. 2. Bot. Belonging to the natural order Composite. — Composite number. Arith. One which can be measured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 2 or 3. — Composite order. Arch. Last of the five orders, so called because its capital is composed of the Ionic order grafted upon the Corinthian. — Composite photograph, one formed by combining several. [L. compositus, p.p. of compono, compose.] COMPOSITION (kom-po-zish'un), n. 1. Act of composing. 2. That which is composed, as a work in literature, music, or painting. 3. Mental constitution. 4. Artistic manner; style in writing or painting. 5. Arrangement; agreement; compromise. 6. Mech. Com- pounding of two velocities or forces into a single velocity or force which shall be their equivalent. 7. Compound, as of drugs, etc. 8. Print. Setting up of type. COMPOSITIVE (kom-poz'i-tiv), a. 1. Having the power of compounding. 2. Compounded; composite. COMPOSITOR (kom-poz'i-tur), n. Print. Per- son who sets types. COMPOS MENTIS (kom'pos men'tis). Com- posed in mind; sane; of sound mind. [L.] COMPOST (kom'post), n. 1. Compound or mix- ture for fertilizing land. 2. Mixture for plas- tering; concrete used by plasterers. [O. Fr.] COMPOST (kom'post), vt. [pr.p. COM'POSTING; p.t. and p.p. COM'POSTED.] 1. Fertilize with compost. 2. Plaster; stucco. COMPOSURE (kom-po'zhur), n. Calmness; self-possession; tranquillity. COMPOTE (kom'pot), n. Fruit preserved in syrup. [Fr.] COMPOUND (kom-pownd'), v. [pr.p. COM- POUNDING; p.t. and p.p. COMPOUNDED.] I. vt. 1. Mix or combine. 2. Settle or adjust by agreement. II. vi. 1. Agree or come to terms. 2. Bargain in the lump. — Compound a felony, forbear prosecution for a considera- tion. [O. Fr.; from L. compono, from com-, together, and pono, place.] COMPOUND (kom'pownd), a. Composed of a number of parts, ingredients, or elements; composite. — Compound flower. Bot. Corn- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, \X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ]ih—ch in Scotch loch. COMPOUND 258 COMPUNCTION posit o flower. — Compound fracture. Surg. Broken bone, communicating with a co- existing skin wound. — Compound interest, interest on both the principal sum and the accrued interest. COMPOUND (kom'pownd), n. Anything com- posed of two or more parts, ingredients, or elements; compound substance. COMPOUNDER (kom-pownd'er), n. One who compounds. COMPRADORE (kom-pra-dor'), n. General storekeeper or steward, majordomo or house- hold factotum in China. [Sp. comprar, buy.] COMPREHEND (kom-pre-hend'), vt. [pr.p. COMPREHENDING; p.t. and p.p. COM- PREHENDED.] 1. Seize or take up with the mind; understand. 2. Comprise or include. [L. comprehendo, seize.] COMPREHENSIBILITY (kom-pre-hen-si-bir- 1-ti), n. Quality or state of being compre- hensible. COMPREHENSIBLE (kom-pre-hen'si-bl), a. Capable of being understood. COMPREHENSIBLY (kom-pre-hen'si-bli), adv. In a comprehensible manner; so as to be understood. COMPREHENSION (kom-pre-hen'shun), n. 1. Power of the mind to understand. 2. Act of comprehending. 3. Logic. Intension of a term or the sum of the qualities implied in the term. 4. Inclusion. COMPREHENSIVE (kom-pre-hen'siv), o. 1. Extensive; wide; compendious. 2. Sharp of intellect; acute. COMPREHENSIVELY (kom-pre-h en' siv-li), adv. In a comprehensive manner. COMPREHENSIVENESS (kom-pre-hen'siv-nes), n. Quality of being comprehensive. COMPRESS (kom-pres'), vt. [pr.p. COMPRESS'- ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPRESSED (kom- prest').] Condense or concentrate. [L. com-, together, and pressum, p.p. of premo, press.] COMPRESS (kom'pres), n. 1. Pad of folded soft linen, used with a bandage to preserve a due pressure on a wound. 2. Hydraulic or screw- press for baling cotton. COMPRESSIBILITY (kom-pres-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or condition of being compressible. COMPRESSIBLE (kom-pres'i-bl), o. Capable of being compressed. COMPRESSION (kom-presh'un), n. A. Act of compressing. 2. State of being compressed. COMPRESSIVE (kom-pres'iv), a. 1. Able to compress. 2. Forced; compulsory. COMPRESSOR (kom-pres'ur), n. One who or that which compresses. COMPRESSURE (kom-presh'ur), n. Act of compressing; pressure. COMPRISAL (kom-pri'zal), n. Act of com- prising. COMPRISE (kom-priz '),vt. [pr.p. COMPRISING; p.t. and p.p. COMPRISED (kom-prlzd').] Con- tain; Include; comprehend. [Fr. compris, p.p. of comprendre, comprehend.] SYN. Embrace; include; inclose; con- tain; involve; imply; embody. ANT. Ex- clude; except. COMPROMISE (kom'pro-miz), n. 1. Settlement of differences by mutual concession. 2. Re- sult of such settlement. 3. Concession of one's theories or principles. 4. Spirit of mutual con- cession. [Fr. compromise p.p. of compro- mettre, mutually agree; from L. com-, to- gether, promitto, promise.] COMPROMISE (kom'pro-miz), v. [pr.p. COM'- PROMISING; p.t. and p.p. COMPROMISED (kom'pro-mizd).] I. vt. 1. Settle by mutual agreement and concession. 2. Involve or bring into question; expose to risk, danger, or disparagement. II. vi. Accord; agree; come to a settlement through mutual con- cessions. SYN. Arbitrate; compose; adjust; settle; endanger; implicate; involve. ANT. Ag- gravate; excite; foster; extricate; exonerate. COMPROMISED (kom'pro-mizd), a. Exposed to danger or discredit. COMPROMISER (kom'pro-ml-zer), n. One who compromises or enters into a compromise. C03IPROMIT (kom-pro-mif), vt. [pr.p. COM- PROMIT'TING; p.t and p.p. COMPROMfT'- TED.] Compromise. COMPTOGRAPH (komp'to-graf), n. Machine which prints the results of additions made by It. COMPTOME- TER(komp- tom'e-ter), n. Machine used for a- rithmetical calculations. COMPTROL- LER (kon- trol'er), n. An officer whose duty it is to ex- amine and certify pub- lic accounts; from controle Comptometer. controleur; controller. [Fr. See CONTROL.] COMPULSION (kom-pul'shun), n. 1. Act of compelling. 2. State or condition of being compelled; coercion. [L. compulsio; from compulsus, p.p. of compello, compel.] COMPULSIVE (kom-pul'siv), a. With power to compel; coercive. COMPULSORILY (kom-pul'so-ri-li), adv. In a compulsory or forcible manner. COMPULSORY (kom-pul'so-ri), a. 1. Obliga- tory; compelling; coercive. 2. Compelled; enforced; necessitated. COMPUNCTION (kom-pungk'shun), n. Un- easiness of conscience; regret; remorse. [L. compunctus, p.p. of compungo, sting.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: m§, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khsc/i in Scotch loch. COMPUNCTIOUS 259 CONCENTRATION STN. Remorse ;regret; sorrow; contrition. ANT. Satisfaction; self-complacency; as- surance. COMPUNCTIOUS (kom-pungk'shus), o. Feeling or causing compunction; repentant; remorse- ful. COMPUTABLE (kom-pu'ta-bl), a. Calculable. COMPUTATION (kom-pu-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of computing. 2. Amount computed. COMPUTE (kom-puf), v. [pr.p. COMPUTING; p.t. and p.p. COMPU'TED.] I. vt. Calculate; estimate; reckon. II. vi. Make calculations; reckon. [L. computo, from com-, together, and puto, reckon.] COMPUTER (kom-pu'ter), n. One who or that which computes; calculator; calculating ma- chine. COMRADE (kom'rad), n. Close companion; intimate associate. [Sp. camarada; L. cam- era, chamber.] COMRADESHIP (kom'rad-ship), n. State of being comrades; fellowship. COMPTISM (kompt'izm or kongt'izm), n. Phil- osophical system of August Compte the found- er of positivism (1798-1857). CoMUS (ko'mus), n. Greek Myth. 1. God of mirth or revelry. 2. [c-] Revel. [L. ; from Gr. kdmos, revel.] CON (kon), I. adv. Contraction of L. contra, against as in PRO AND CON, for and against. II. m Opposing side, argument, vote, etc. CON-, prefix. With; together; form which the Latin preposition cum assumes in composition before all consonants, except the labials o, p, and m, and sometimes /. CON (kon), vt. [pr.p. CON'NING; p.t. and p.p. CONNED (kond).] 1. Study carefully. 2. Commit to memory. 3. Naut. Direct the steering of, as to con a ship. — Conning tower, pilot-house of a war-ship. [A. S. cunnian, try to know; from cunnan, know.] CONCATENATE (kon-kat'e-nat), vt. [pr.p. CONCATENATING; p.t. and p.p. CONCATE- NATED.] Chain or link together; connect in a series. [L. con-, together, and catena, chain.] CONCATENATION (kon-kat-e-na'shun), n. 1. Series of things depending on each other. 2. Act of linking. CONCAVE (kon'kav), a. Curved, vaulted, or arched, applied to the inner side of any curved line or rounded body, and opposed to CONVEX, which is applied to the outside. [L. concavus; from con-, together, and cavus, hollow.] Concave. Concavo-concave. CONCAVITY (kon-kav'i-ti), n. 1. Quality of being concave. 2. Inner surface of a con- cave body. CONCAVO-CONCAVE (kon-ka'vo-kon-kav), a. Concave on both sides. CONCAVO-CONVEX (kon-ka'v6-kon-veks), o. Concave on one side and convex on the other. CONCEAL (kon-seT), vt. [pr.p. CONCEAL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONCEALED (kon-seld').] Hide or cover from sight or observation; keep secret; disguise; keep from telling. [O. Fr. conceler; from L. concelo; con-, together, and celo, hide.] SYN. Hide; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; suppress. ANT. Reveal; manifest; exhibit; disclose; divulge; confess; publish; promulgate. CONCEALABLE (kon-sel'a-bl), a. That may be concealed. CONCEALER (kon-sel'er), n. One who conceals. CONCEALMENT (kon-sel'ment), n. 1. Act of concealing; secrecy; disguise. 2. Hiding- place. CONCEDE (kon-sed'), vt. [pr.p. CONCE'DING; p.t. and p.p. CONCE'DED.] 1. Cede or give up; yield; surrender. 2. Admit or grant. [L. concedo; from con-, together, and cedo, yield.] CONCEIT (kon-sef), n. 1. Overestimate of one's self. 2. Pleasant, fantastical, or affect- ed notion. [L. conceptus, p.p. of concipio, conceive.] CONCEITED (kon-set'ed), a. Having a high opinion of one's self; egotistical. CONCEIVABLE (kon-sev'a-bl), a. That may be conceived; imaginable. CONCEIVE (kon-sev'), v. [pr.p. CONCEIVING; p.t. and p.p. CONCEIVED (kon-sevd').] I. vt. 1. Receive into and form in the womb. 2. Form in the mind; think; imagine; under- stand. II. vi. 1. Become pregnant. 2. Im- agine; understand. [O. Fr. concever; from L. concipio; from con-, together, and capio, take.] SYN. Imagine; apprehend; believe; de- sign; suppose. ANT. Produce; express; propound; declare; execute; misconceive. CONCEIVER (kon-sev'er), n. One who con- ceives. CONCENTER, CONCENTRE (kon-sen'ter), v. [pr.p. CONCEN'TERING, CONCEN'TKING; p.U and p.p. CONCEN'TERED, CONCEN'TRED (kon-sen'terd).] I. vt. Bring or direct to a common center or point; focus. II. vi. Tend to or meet in a common center; be concentric. [Fr. concentrer; from L. con-, with, and cen- trum, center.] CONCENTRATE (kon-sen'trat or kon'sen-trat), v. [pr.p. CONCEN'TEATING; p.t. and p.p., CONCEN'TRATED.] I. vt. 1. Bring towards a common center. 2. Bring into a closer union. 3. Render more intense the proper- ties of; condense. II. vi. 1. Meet at or be conveyed toward a point. 2. Be concentrated or directed. [L. con-, together, and centrum, center.] CONCENTRATION (kon-sen-tra'shun), n. 1. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, rmt; not*, not, rncv<\ vrolf; mute, hut, bflrn, iX=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch,. CONCENTRATIVE 260 CONCILIATOR Act of concentrating. 2. State of being con- centrated. CONCENTRATIVE (kon-sen'tra-tiv), a. Tend- ing to concentrate; concentrating. CONCENTRIC (kon-sen'trik), a. Having a com- mon center. CONCENTRICALLY (kon-sen'trik-al-i), adv. So as to possess the same center. CONCENTRICITY (kon-sen-tris'i-ti), n. Qual- ity of being concentric. CONCEPT (kon'sept), n. Representation in the mind answering to a general name; mental representation. [L. conceptus, p.p. of con- cipio, conceive.] CONCEPTACLE (kon-sep'ta-cl), n. 1. Bot. Pericarp of one valve; follicle. 2. Biol. Cav- ity inclosing the reproductive cells in certain plants and animals. [L. con-, together, and capio, take.] CONCEPTION (kon-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of conceiving. 2. That which is conceived; fancy; plan; concept. 3. Cognition of classes, as distinguished from individuals; power to think the many into the one. CONCEPTIVE (kon-sep'tiv), a. Capable of conceiving mentally. CONCEPTUAL (kon-sep'tu-al), a. Pertaining to conception. CONCERN (kon-sern'), vt. [pr.p. CONCERNING; p.U and p.p. CONCERNED (kon-sernd').] 1. Relate or belong to. 2. Affect or interest. 3. Make uneasy; trouble. 4. Have to do with. [L. con-, together, and cerno, discern.] CONCERN (kon-sern'), n. 1. That which con- cerns or is of interest or importance to one. 2. Affair; business; matter. 3. Importance; moment; weight. 4. Anxiety; solicitude. 5. Business establishment; firm. SYN. Transaction; care; carefulness; uneasiness; interest; moment; conse- quence; establishment. ANT. Indiffer- ence; disregard; carelessness. CONCERNED (kon-sernd'), a. 1. Having con- nection with; interested. 2. Anxious or so- licitous. CONCERNING (kon-sern'ing), prep. Regarding; pertaining to. CONCERNMENT (kon-sern'ment), n. 1. Thing in which one is concerned. 2. Affair. 3. Importance. 4. Interest. 5. Interference. 6. Anxiety; solicitude; care. CONCERT (kon-sert), v. [pr.p. CONCERTING; p.t. and p.p. CONCERTED.] I. vt. 1. Frame or devise together. 2. Arrange; adjust. II. vl. Act in accord. [Fr. concerter; from L. consertus, p.p. of consero, join together — con-, together, and sero, join.] CONCERT (kon'sert), n. 1. Union or agreement in any undertaking. 2. Musical harmony. 3. Musical entertainment. CONCERTED (kon-sert'ed), a. 1. Mutually planned or devised. 2. Music. Arranged in parts for several voices or instruments. CONCERTINA (kon-ser-te'na), n. Musical in- strument similar to an accordion. CONCERTO (kon-ser'to), n. Musical composition for a solo instrument, with orchestral accom- paniments. [It.] CONCESSION (kon-sesh'- un), n. 1. Act of con- Concertina. ceding. 2. Thing conceded; grant or privilege. CONCESSIONAIRE (kang-sesh-un-ar'), n. One who has been granted a concession. [Fr.] CONCESSIONARY (kon-sesh'un-a-ri), a. Grant- ed as a concession; conceded. CONCESSIONER (kon-sesh'un-er), n. Conces- sionaire. CONCESSIONIST (kon-sesh'un-ist), n. One who concedes or favors concession. CONCESSIVE (kon-ses'iv), I. a. Implying con- cession. II. n. Gram. Concessive word or clause. CONCETTO (kon-chet/6), n. [pi. CONCETTI (kon-chet'e).] Ingenious turn of expression; verbal conceit; affected phrase. [It.] CONCH (kongk), n. 1. Marine shell, especially one of spiral form. 2. Arch. Semi-dome of an apse, or the apse itself. [L. concha; from Gr. konche, shell.] CONCHA (kong'ka), n. [pi. CONCHA (kong'kg).] 1. Anat. Central cavity of the outer ear; outer ear. 2. Arch. Conch. [L.] CONCHOID (kong'koid), n. Geom. Plane curve invented to solve the problem of trisecting a plane angle, doubling the cube, etc. [Gr. konche, shell, and eidos, form.] CONCHOIDAL (kong-koi'dal), a. Min. Frac- turing with shell-like surfaces. CONCHOLOGICAL (kong-ko-loj'ik-al), a. Per- taining to conchology. CONCHOLOGIST (kong-kol'o-jist), n. One versed in conchology. CONCHOLOGY (kong-kol'o-ji), n. Branch of zoology which treats of the shells of mollusks. [Gr. konche, shell, and -OLOGY.] CONCHOSCOPE (kong'ko-skop), n. Device for making internal examination of the nasal cavities. [Gr. konche, shell, and sJcopos, watcher.] CONCIERGE (kang-syarzh'), n. In France, doorkeeper of a palace, hotel, prison, etc. [Fr.] CONCILIATE (kon-sil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. CONCIL'- IATING; p.t. and p.p. CONCILIATED.] 1. Gain or win over. 2. Pacify. [L. conciliatus, p.p. of concilio, reconcile.] SYN. Reconcile; appease; propitiate. ANT. Irritate; displease; alienate; estrange. CONCILIATION (kon-sil-i-a'shun), n. Act of conciliating. CONCILIATIVE (kon-sil'i-a-tiv), a. Concili- atory. CONCILIATOR (kon-sil'i-a-tur), n. One who conciliates. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in 'Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CONCILIATORY 261 CONCRETE-MASONRY CONCILIATORY (kon-sil'i-a-to-ri), a* Tending to conciliate. CONCISE (kon-sis')» a. Condensed and com- prehensive; succinct; terse. [L. concisus, p.p. of concido, cut short.] SYN. Brief; summary; compendious; comprehensive; pithy. ANT. Diffuse; pro- lix; verbose. CONCISELY (kon-sis'li), adv. In a concise manner or style. CONCISENESS (kon-sls'nes), n. Quality of being concise; brevity; succinctness; terseness. CONCLAVE (kon'klav), n. 1. Secret assembly or council. 2. Body of cardinals. 3. Room in which cardinals meet to elect a pope. [L. ; from con-, with, and clavis, key.] CONCLUDE (kon-klod'), v. [pr.p. CONCLUDING p.t. and p.p. CONCLUDED, j I. vt. 1. Deter- mine; arrange; settle. 2. End; finish; close; terminate. 3. Deduce; infer; opine. 4. Law. Prevent from. II. vi. Come to a conclusion. [L. concludo; from con-, together, and claudo, shut.] CONCLUSION (kon-klo'zhun), n. 1. Act of con- cluding. 2. End; close, or last part. 3. Judg- ment or opinion. 4. Consequence or inference. 5. Law. Binding act. [Fr. conclusion, from L. conclusio, p.p. of concludo, shut up together.] CONCLUSIVE (kon-klo'siv), a. 1. Decisive; final. 2. Convincing; unanswerable. — Con- clusive presumption. Law. Presumption or influence which no proof, however strong, can be admitted to contradict or invalidate. CONCLUSIVELY (kon-klo'siv-li), adv. In a conclusive manner. CONCLUSIVENESS (kon-klo'siv-nes), n. Qual- ity of being conclusive. CONCOCT (kon-kokf), vt. [pr.p. CONCOCTING; p.U and p.p. CONCOCT'ED.] 1. Prepare or mature. 2. Plot or devise; invent; fabricate. [L. concoctus, p.p. of concoquo, boil together; con-, together, coquo, boil or cook.] CONCOCTER (kon-kokt'er), n. One who con- cocts. CONCOCTION (kon-kok'shun), n. 1. Act of concocting. 2. Preparation of a medical pre- scription, etc.; mixture, 3. Made-up story; fabrication. CONCOCTIVE (kon-kokt'iv), a. Pertaining to concoction. CONCOMITANCE (kon-kom'i-tans), CONCOMI- TANCY (kon-kom'i-tan-si), n. State of being concomitant. CONCOMITANT (kon-kom'i-tant), I. a. Accom- panying or going along with; attendant; con- joined with. II. n. He who or that which accompanies. [L. con-, with, and comitans, pr.p. of comito, attend; from comes, com- panion.] CONCOMITANTLY (kon-kom'i-tant-li), adv. In a concomitant way; concurrently. CONCORD (kong'kard or kon'kard), n. 1. State of being of the same heart or mind; agree- ment; accord. 2. Music. Harmony. 3. Gram. Agreement of one word with another, as of a verb with its subject in person and number, or of an adjective with its noun in number and case. [L. concordia; from con-, together, and cor, cordis, heart.] CONCORD (kon'kard), n. City, capital of State of New Hampshire, on the Merrimac. CONCORD, n. Town in Massachusetts, 23 miles N. W. of Boston. Battle April 19, 1775. CONCORDANCE (kon-kard'ans), n. 1. Agree- ment; concord. 2. Index of the leading words or passages of a book, especially of the Bible. CONCORDANT (kon-kard'ant), a. Harmonious; united; consonant. CONCORDANTLY (kon-kard'ant-li), adv. In a concordant manner. CONCORDAT (kon-kard'at), n. 1. Agreement made between the pope and a secular govern- ment. 2. Any international compact or agreement. [Fr.] CONCOURSE (kong'kors or kon'kors), n. 1. Assembly of persons. 2. Confluence. 3. Point of intersection or junction. [Fr. concours; from L. concur sus; con-, together, and curro, run.] CONCREATE (kon-kre-af), vt. [pr.p. CON- CKEA'TING; p.t. and p.p. CONCREA'TED.] Create with or at the same time. [CON- and CREATE.] CONCREATED (kon-kre-a'ted), a. Created at the same time, or in union with. CONCREMATION (kon-kre-ma'shun), w. Act of burning different things together. [CON- and CREMATION.] CONCRETE (kon'kret), I. a. 1. Formed by the union of many particles into one mass. 2. Denoting a particular thing; opposed to ABSTRACT. 3. Pertaining to or made of con- crete. II. n. 1. Mass formed by parts grow- ing or sticking together. 2. Mixture of crushed rock, hydraulic cement, etc., for con- structing pavements, building blocks, abut- ments, floors, sewer-pipes, lawn vases, col- umns, walls, and buildings. 3. Logic. Con- crete object or idea. — In the concrete. Logic. As existing in an object; said of certain quali- ties, which when conceived of separately from the object are said to be regarded in the ab- stract; for example "a just man" is a concrete conception, but "justice" is an abstract idea. [L. concrctus, p.p. of concresco, grow together.] CONCRETE (kon-kref), v. [pr.p.CONCRE'TING; p.t. and p.p. CONCRETED.] I. vt. 1. Form into a mass by concretion. 2. Pave or con- struct with concrete. II. vi. Coalesce into one mass; congeal. CONCRETED (kon'kre'ted), a. Covered with or made of concrete. CONCRETELY (kon-kret'li\ adv. In a concrete manner. CONCRETE-MASONRY (kon'kret-ma-sn-ri), n. Mason work formed of concrete in lieu of stone. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in bcotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h-ch in Scotch loch^ CONCRETE-MIXER 262 CONDESCEND CONCRETE-3IIXER (kon'kret-miks-er), n. Ap- paratus used to amalgamate the cement, broken-stone sand and water so as to form concrete. Concrete-mixer. CONCRETENESS (kon-kret'nes), n. Quality of being concrete. CONCRETION (kon-kre'shun), n. 1. Mass con- creted. 2. Pathol. Growth formed within the body, as a calculus. 3. Gcoh Aggregation of calcareous or other matter in the form of nodules occurring in argillaceous or other strata. CONCRETIONARY (kon-kre'shun-a-ri), a. Characterized by or containing concretions. CONCRETIVE (kon-kre'tiv), a. Having power to concrete. CONCRETOR (kon-kre'tur), n. Sugar-boiling apparatus used in sugar refineries. CONCUBINAGE (kon-ku'bi-naj), n. Cohabita- tion as man and wife without marriage; state of a concubine. CONCUBINAL (kon-ku'bi-nal), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of concubinage. CONCUBINE (kong'ku-bin), n. Woman living in concubinage. [Fr. concubine; from L. concubina; con-, with, and cubo, lie.] CONCUPISCENCE (kon-ku'pis-ens), n. Inor- dinate desire; lust. [L. con-, with, and cupio, desire.] CONCUPISCENT (kon-ku'pis-ent), a. Lustful. CONCUR (kon-kur'), vi. [pr.p. CONCURRING; p.t. and p.p. CONCURRED (kon'kurd').] 1. Act together; unite; cooperate. 2. Agree; assent; coincide. [L. concurro; from con-, together, and curro, run.] CONCURRENCE (kon-kur'ens), n. 1. Joint action. 2. Agreement; assent. 3. A hap- pening together; coincidence. CONCURRENT (kon-kur'ent), I. a. Coming, acting, or existing together. II. n. 1. One who or that which concurs. 2. Competitor or rival. CONCURRENTLY (kon-kur'ent-li), adv. In concurrence with. CONCUSSION (kon-kush'un , n. 1. Act of vi- olently shaking or agitating. 2. State of being so shaken or agitated; shock. [L. con- cussion from conditio, agitate; con-, together, and quatio, shake.] CONCUSSIVE (kon-kus'iv), a. Having the power or tendency of producing concussion. CONDEMN (kon-dem'), vt. [pr.p. CONDEMNING (kon-dem'ing or kon-dem'ning) ; p.t. and p.p. CONDEMNED (kon-demd').] 1. Pronounce guilty. 2. Censure or blame. 3. Sentence to punishment. 4. Give up to some fate. 5. Pro- nounce unfit for use. 6. Order to be taken for public use or purposes. [L. condemno; from con-, together, and damno, damn.] CONDEMNABLE (kon-dem'na-bl,) a. Blam- able; culpable; that may be condemned. CONDEMNATION (kon-dem-na'shun), n. 1. Act of condemning. 2. State of being con- demned. CONDE3INATORY (kon-dem'na-to-ri), a. Ex- pressing or implying condemnation. CONDEMNED (kon-demd'), a. 1. Pronounced guilty or criminal. 2. Used for persons condemned or sentenced to death. 3. Pro- nounced unfit for use. 4. Ordered to be taken for public use. CONDEMNER, (kon-dem'er or kon-dem'ner), n. One who condemns. CONDENSABILITY (kon-dens-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being condensable. CONDENSABLE (kon-dens'a-bl), a. Capable of being condensed or compressed. CONDENSATION (kon-den-sa'shun), n. 1. Act of condensing. 2. State of being condensed. 3. Product of condensing. CONDENSE (kon-dens'), v. [pr.p. CONDENS'- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONDENSED (kon-denst').] 1. vt. 1. Compress or reduce by pressure into smaller compass. 2. Reduce to a denser form, as vapor to liquid. II. vi. Become more com- pact or more dense, as to pass from a gaseous into a liquid or from a liquid into a more or less solid state. [L. condenso; from con-, together, and densus, dense.] CONDENSED ( kon-denst'), a. Reduced in bulk by con- densation. CONDENSER (kon-dens'er), n. 1. Appara- tus for redu- cing vapors to a liquid form. 2. Appliance for collecting or condensing electricity ; any form of electrostatic accumulator. CONDESCEND (kon-de-send'), vi. [pr.p. CON- DESCENDING; p.t. and p.p. CONDESCEND- Electric Condenser. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in Scotch yude; oil, ovl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. CONDESCENDING 263 CONDUIT ED.] Lower one's self to terms of equality with an inferior; be affable to inferiors; deign. [L. con-, with, and descendo, descend.] CONDESCENDING (kon-de-send'ing), a. 1. Affable to inferiors. 2. Courteous; obliging; patronizing. CONDESCENDINGLY (kon-de-send'ing-li), adv. In a condescending manner. CONDESCENSION (kon-de-sen'shun), n. 1. Affability to inferiors. 2. Courtesy; gracious- ness. CONDIGN (kon-din'), a. Well-merited; deserved and adequate. [L. condignus; from con-, with and dignus, worthy.] CONDIGNLT (kon-din'li), adv. In a condign manner; according to desert. CONDIGNNESS (kon-din'nes), n. Quality of be- ing according to merits. CONDIMENT (kon'di-ment), n. Seasoning or sauce; relish. [L. condimentum; from condo, pickle.] CONDITION (kon-dish'un), n. 1. State in which things exist. 2. Particular manner of being. 3. State, position, rank, or circumstances in life. 4. State of preservation, health, or ex- istence; plight; quality. 5. That on which anything depends. 6. Term of a contract. 7. Logic. That which must precede the opera- tion of a cause. [L. condicio; from con-, together, and dico, say.] SYN. Circumstances; station; case; state; situation; plight; predicament; stipulation; article; proviso; terms; provision; arrange- ment. ANT. Consequence; effect; issue; fruit; result. CONDITION (kon-dish'un), v. [pr.p. CONDI- TIONING; p.t. and p.p. CONDITIONED (kon-dish'und).] I. vt. 1. Agree upon. 2. Restrict; limit. 3. Determine. II. vi. Make terms. CONDITIONAL (kon-dish'un-aD, a. Depending on conditions. CONDITION ALITY (kon-dish-un-al'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being conditional. CONDITIONALLY (kon-dish'un-al-i), adv. By way of, or subject to, certain conditions. CONDITIONED (kon-dish'und), I. a. 1. Hav- ing a certain condition, state, or quality. 2. Circumstanced. 3. Depending; relative — the opposite of ABSOLUTE. II. n. Metaphys. That which is dependent or has conditions. CONDOLE (kon-dol'), vi. [pr.p. CONDOLING; pd. and p.p. CONDOLED (kon-dold').] Grieve with another; sympathize in sorrow. [L. con-, with, and doleo, grieve.] CONDOLEMENT (kon-dol'ment), n. Act of condoling; condolence. CONDOLENCE (kon-do'lens), n. Expression of grief for another's sorrow. CONDONATION (kon-do-na'shun), n. Act of condoning. CONDONE (kon-don'), vt. [pr.p. CONDO'NING; p.t. and p.p. CONDONED (kon-dond').l 1. $~ir' Condor (Sarcorham- phus gryphus). Forgive; pardon. 2. Law. Overlook (a breach of marital duty) in such a way as to constitute a pre- sumption of forgiveness by the party injured. [L. condono; from con-, to- gether, and dono, give.] CONDOR (kon'dar).n. Large vulture which floats with outstretched and motion- less wings in airy circles over the higher parts of the Andes. [Sp., from Peruv. cuntur, condor.] CONDUCE (kon-dus), vi. [pr.p. CONDU'CING; p.t. and p.p. CONDUCED (kon-dust').] Con- tribute to or promote a result; tend to some end. [L. con-, together, and duco, lead.] CONDUCIBILITY (kon-du-si-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- ity of being conducible. CONDUCIBLE (kon-du'si-bl), a. Having the power or quality of conducing; conducive. CONDUCIBLY (kon-du'si-bli), adv. In a man- ner tending to conduce, further, or promote. CONDUCIVE (kon-du'siv), a. Having the power or quality of conducing; leading or lending. CONDUCIVENESS (kon-du'siv-nes), n. Quality of being conducive. CONDUCT (kon'dukt), n. 1. Act or method of leading or managing. 2. Guidance; escort. 3. Behavior; deportment. [L. conductus, p.p. of conduco, conduct; from con-, with, and duco, lead.] SYN. See BEHAVIOR. CONDUCT (kon-dukt), v. [pr.p. CONDUCTING; p.t. and p.p. CONDUCTED.] I. vt. 1. Lead or guide. 2. Convey or transmit. 3. Direct or manage. 4. Behave. II. vi. Act as a conductor. CONDUCTIBLE (kon-dukt'i-bl), a. Capable of being conducted or transmitted. CONDUCTION (kon-duk'shun), n. 1. Act or property of conducting or transmitting. 2. Transmission by a conductor, as heat, electric- ity, etc. CONDUCTIVE (kon-dukt'iv), a. Having the quality or power of conducting or transmitting. CONDUCTIVITY (kon-duk-tiv'i-ti), n. Power that bodies have of transmitting heat, elec- tricity, etc. CONDUCTOR (kon-dukt'ur), n. 1. Guide; es- cort; leader. 2. Director or manager, as the conductor of an orchestra. 3. One in charge of a railway-train, street-car, or other public conveyance. 4. Body possessing conductivity. CONDUCTRESS (kon-dukt'res), n. Woman who conducts; female guide; directress. CONDUIT (kon'dit), n. 1. Channel or pipe to convey water or other liquid; aqueduct. 2. Narrow passage between the apartments of a building. 3. Underground space or subway for the reception of electric wires, cables, etc. [Fr. i fvoialj. conductus ;trom.conduco, conduct.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=tt in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CONE 264 CONFIDENT CONE (kon), n. 1. Solid body or figure tapering to a point from a circular base. 2. Bot. Fruit or strobile shaped like a cone, as that of the pine, fir, etc. 3. Anything shaped like a cone. [Fr. cone; from L. conus; from Gr. konos, cone.] CONEY (ko'ni), n. Same as CONY. CONFAB (kon'fab), n. Familiar talk or con- versation. [Contr. of CONFABULATION.] CONFABULATE (kon-fab'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. CONFABULATING; p.t. and p.p. CONFAB'- ULATED.] Talk familiarly together; chat. [L. confabulatus, p.p. of confaoulor, talk to- gether.] CONFABULATION (kon-fab-u-la'shun), n. Act of talking together familiarly; chat. CONFECT (kon'fekt), n. Sweetmeat; comfit; confection. CONFECTION (kon-fek'shun), n. 1. Sweetmeat. 2. Med. Electuary. [L. confectio, prepara- tion.] CONFECTIONER (kon-fek'shun-er), n. One who makes confections or deals in confection- ery. CONFECTIONERY (kon-fek'shun-er-i), n. [pi. CONFECTIONERIES.] 1. Sweetmeats in gen- eral; candies; confections, etc. 2. Confec- tioner's shop. 3. Business of a confectioner. CONFEDERACY (kon-fed'er-a-si), n. [pi. CON- FEDERACIES.] 1. League or mutual engage- ment. 2. Persons or states united in a league. 3. Law. Combination or conspiracy to do an illegal act. SYN. Alliance; treaty; league; union, ANT. Disruption; disunion; secession. CONFEDERATE (kon-fed'er-at), v. [pr.p. CONFEDERATING; p.t. and p.p. CONFED'- ERATED.] I. vt. Unite by treaty or com- pact. II. vi. Join in a league or confederacy. [L. con-, together, and fcedus, league.] CONFEDERATE (kon-fed'er-at), n. 1. One united with others in a league; ally; accom- plice. 2. [C-] Adherent of the Confederate States of America. CONFEDERATE (kon-fed'er-at), a. l. Leagued together; allied. 2. [C-] Pertaining to the Confederate States of America. CONFEDERATION (kon-fed-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of confederating; league; compact; alli- ance. . 2. Confederacy. 3. Union, or united body. CONFEDERATIVE (kon-fed'er-a-tiv), a. Of or belonging to a confederation. CONFER (kon-fer'), v. [pr.p. CONFER'RING; p.t. and p.p. CONFERRED (kon-ferd').] I. vt. 1. Grant or bestow. 2. Compare; dis- cuss; examine. II. vi. Talk or consult to- gether. [L. confero, bring together; con-, together, and fero, bear.] SYN. Compare; collate; deliberate; con- sult; converse; advise; counsel; give; grant; present. CONFEREE (kon-fer-e'), n. 1. One conferred with. 2. One on whom something is con- ferred. CONFERENCE (kon'fer-ens), n. 1. Act of con- ferring. 2. Appointed meeting for instruc- tion or discussion. 3. Eccl. Organization of ministers and laymen who meet annually to deliberate upon denominational affairs. CONFERRABLE (kon-fer'a-bl), a. Capable of being conferred. CONFERRER (kon-fer'er), n. One who con- fers. CONFERVA (kon-fer'va), n. Bot. Genus of lower fresh-water algae, forming slimy masses or tufts in ponds and stagnant pools, easily recognized by their unbranched filaments. [L. conferva, kind of water-plant.] CONFERVA (kon-fer'va), n. [pi. CONFER'V^E.] Plant of the genus Conferva. CONFESS (kon-fes'), v. [pr.p. CONFESSING; p.t. and p.p. CONFESSED (kon-fest').] I. vt. 1. Acknowledge; admit; avow; as, confess a crime, fault, or debt. 2. Own up to; not to deny. 3. Make known or disclose; make confession, as to a priest. 4. Hear the con- fession of, as of a penitent by a priest. II. vi. 1. Make an admission. 2. Make confession. — Confess and avoid. Law. Admit one has done what is alleged against him, but show that there was nothing illegal in his action. [L. confessus, p.p. of confiteor, confess.] SYN. Accept; grant; allow; certify; assent; concede; disclose; own; recognize; declare; attest; prove. ANT. Deny; disavow; disown; dissemble; cover; secrete; conceal. CONFESSEDLY (kon-fes'ed-li), adv. In an acknowledged manner; avowedly. CONFESSER (kon-fes'er), n. One who confesses a fault, crime, or debt. CONFESSION (kon-fesh'un), n. 1. Acknowledg- ment of a crime, fault, or debt. 2. Formulary of articles of faith. 3. Acknowledgment of sin to a priest, technically termed auricular or sacramental confession. CONFESSIONAL (kon-fesh'un-al), I. a. Per- taining to confession. II. n. Seat or inclosed recess where a priest hears confessions. CONFESSOR (kon-fes'ur), n. 1. One who pro- fesses the Christian faith. 2. Priest who hears confessions. CONFIDANT (kon-fi-danf), n. [fern. CONFI- DANTE (kon-fi-danf). ] One confided in or entrusted with secrets; bosom-friend. [Fr.] CONFIDE (kon-fid'), v. [pr.p. CONFI'DING; p.t. and p.p. CONFI'DED.] I. vt. Intrust; com- mit to the charge of. II. vi. Have confi- dence; trust; believe. [L. confido; from cow-, with, and fido, trust.] CONFIDENCE (kon'fi-dens), n. 1. Firm trust or belief; faith. 2. Self-reliance. 3. That which is confided; secret. CONFIDENT (kon'fi-dent), a. 1. Having full confidence or trust. 2. Bold; presumptuous; conceited. fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in Scotcn gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. CONFIDENTIAL 265 CONFORMER CONFIDENTIAL (kon-fi-den'shal), a. 1. Ad- mitted to confidence; trusted. 2. Imparted in confidence; private; secret. 3. Carried on in confidence. CONFIDENTIALLY (kon-fl-den'shal-i), adv. In a confidential manner. CONFIDENTLY (kon'fi-dent-li), adv. In a confi- dent or assured manner. CONFIDER (kon-fi'der), n One who confides. CONFIDING (kon-fi'ding), a. 1. Trusting. 2. Giving or committing in trust. 3. Over- trustful; credulous; unsuspicious. CONFIDINGLY (kon-fi'ding-li), adv. In a con- fiding manner. CONFIDINGNESS (kon-fl'ding-nes), n. Quality of being confiding. CONFIGURATION (kon-flg-u-ra'shun), n. 1. External figure or shape; outline. 2. Astron. Relative position or aspect, as of planets. [L. configuratio; from con-, together, and figuro, form.] CONFINABLE (kon-fi'na-bl), a. Capable of be- ing confined. CONFINE (kon-fin'), v. [pr.p. CONFI'NING; p.t. and p.p. CONFINED (kon-flnd').] I. vt. I. Shut up; imprison. 2. Restrict or limit. II. vi. Have a common boundary. [L. con-, together, and finis, limit.] SYN. Bound; limit; circumscribe; re- strict; restrain; imprison; incarcerate; im- mure. ANT. Widen; expand; extend; lib- erate; free. CONFINE (kon'fin), n. Border; boundary; limit. Usually in the plural. CONFINED (kon-find'), a. 1. Limited. 2. Nar- row. 3. Imprisoned. 4. Brought to childbed. CONFINELESS (kon-fin'les), a. Without limit or boundary. CONFINEMENT (kon-fin'ment), n. State of being confined. CONFINER (kon-fi'ner), w. One who or that which confines. CONFIRM (kon-ferm'), vt. [pr.p. CONFIRM'- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFIRMED (kon-fermd').] 1. Ratify; establish; settle. 2. Render valid by formal assent. 3. Render certain by fresh evidence; verify. 4. Admit to full commun- ion. [L. confirmo; from con-, together, and firmus, firm.] CONFIRMABLE ( kon-ferm 'a-bl), a. Capable of being confirmed. CONFIRMATION (kon-fer-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of confirming. 2. Convincing proof. CONFIRMATIVE (kon-ferm'a-tiv), a. Tending to confirm. CONFIRBIATIVELY (kon-ferm'a-tiv-li), adv. In a confirming manner. - CONFIRMATORY (kon-ferm'a-to-ri), a. 1. Con- firming. 2. Pertaining to the rite of confir- mation. CONFIRMED (kon-fermd'), a. 1. Settled; es- tablished. 2. Beyond hope of recovery, as a confirmed invalid. CONFIRMER (kon-fermer), n. One who or that which confirms. CONFISCABLE (kon-fls'ka-bl), o. Liable to confiscation. CONFISCATE (kon'fls-kat), vt. [pr.p. CONFIS- CATING; p.t. and p.p. CONFISCATED.] Take possession of as forfeited to the public treasury or use. [L. confiscatus, p.p. of confisco, put in a coffer; from con-, together, and fiscus, basket.] CONFISCATE (kon'fls-kat), a. Forfeited to the public treasury or use; confiscated. CONFISCATION (kon-fls-ka'shun), n. Act of confiscating. CONFISCATOR (kon'fls-ka-tur), n. One who confiscates. CONFISCATORY (kon-fls'ka-to-ri), a. Of the nature of confiscation. CONFLAGRATION (kon-fla-gra'shun), ». Great fire, as of many buildings. [L. conftagratio; from conflagro, burn together.] CONFLICT (kon-flikf), vi. [pr.p. CONFLICT- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFLICT'ED.] 1. Be in opposition; clash; show a discrepancy. 2. Contend. [L. conflicto; from con-, together, and fiigo, strike.] CONFLICT (kon'flikt), n. 1. Struggle or con- test; battle. 2. Mental struggle. 3. Antag- onism; as a conflict of jurisdiction. SYN. Contest; collision; combat; strug- gle; strife; contention; battle; fight; encoun- ter; engagement. ANT. Peace; armistice; truce; concord. CONFLICTING (kon-flikt'ing), a. Clashing; contradictory. CONFLICTIVE (kon-flikt'iv), a. Tending to conflict; conflicting. CONFLUENCE (kon'flo-ens), n. 1. Joining of two or more streams into one. 2. Place of juncture. 3. Concourse; union. CONFLUENT (kon'flo-ent), I. a. Flowing to- gether; uniting in a single channel. II. n. Affluent or tributary stream. [L. confluens, pr.p. of confluo, flow together.] CONFLUX (kon'fluks), n. Confluence; con- course. [L. confluo; from con-, together, and fluo, flow.] CONFORM (kon-farm'), v . [pr.p. CONFORM'- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFORMED (kon-farmd').] I. vt. Make like or of the same form. II. vl. Be of the same form; act in harmony; com- ply with a usage or form. [L. conformo; from cow-, together, and forma, form.] CONFORMABILITY (kon-farm-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being conformable. CONFORMABLE (kon-farm'a-bl), a. 1. Corre- sponding in form. 2. Suitable. 3. Compliant. CONFORMABLY (kon-farm'a-bli), adv. In a conformable manner. CONFORMATION (kon-far-ma'shun), n. 1. Particular form, shape, or structure. 2. Adap- tation. CONFORMER (kon-farm'er), n. Compiler; con- formist. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. C0NF0R3IIST 266 CONGEST CONFORMIST (kon-farm'ist), n . i. One who conforms. 2. Adherent of the Established Church of England. CONFORMITY (kon-farm'i-ti), n. 1. Likeness. 2. Compliance. 3. Consistency. — In con- formity with t in accordance with. CONFOUND (kon-fownd'), vt. [pr.p. CON- FOUND'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFOUNDED.] 1. Mix or mingle so as to cause confusion. 2. Erroniously mistake; confuse with something else. 3. Throw into confusion or perplexity; abash; bewilder. [L. confundo; con-, to- gether, and fundo, pour.] SYN. Confuse; disorder; trouble; as- tound; dismay; abash. ANT. Arrange; classify; order; allocate; elucidate; enlight- en ; rally. CONFOUNDED ( kon-fownd 'ed), a. 1. Confused; astonished. 2. Consummate; egregious — used as a strong term of disapprobation. CONFOUNDER (kon-fownd'er), n. One who confounds. CONFRATERNITY (kon-fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. CONFRATER'NITIES.] 1. Society of men associated for a certain purpose; brotherhood. 2. Brotherly friendship. [L. con-, together, and fraternitas, brotherhood; f rater, broth- er.] CONFRERE (kang-frar'), n. Fellow-member; colleague. [Fr.] CONFRONT (kon-frunf), vt. [pr.p. CONFRONT- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFRONTED.] 1. Place (one's self) front to front with; face. 2. Bring face to face. [Fr. confronter; from L. con-, together, and frons, front.] CONFRONTATION (kon-frun-ta'shun), n. Act of bringing together face to face. CONFRONTMENT (kon-frunt'ment), n. 1. State of being placed face to face. 2. Con- frontation. CONFUCIAN (kon-fu'shyan), a. Of or belonging to Confucius, the Chinese philosopher (551- 479 B. C). CONFUCIANISM (kon-fu'shyan-izm), n. System of belief and practice taught by Confucius. CONFUSE (kon-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. CONFU'SING; p.t. and p.p. CONFUSED (kon-fuzd').] 1. Throw into disorder; perplex; abash; bewil- der; disconcert. 2. Mix so as to render undis- tinguishable; confound. [L. confusus, p.p. of confundo, confound.] CONFUSEDLY (kon-fu'zed-li), adv. In a con- fused manner. CONFUSEDNESS (kon-fu'zed-nes), n. State of being confused; disorder. CONFUSION (kon-fu'zhun), n. 1. State of being confused or mixed up together. 2. Disorder; tumult. 3. Perplexity; astonishment. 4. Ob- scurity; indistinctness of style or meaning. CONFUTABLE (kon-fu'ta-bl), a. Capable of being confuted. CONFUTATION (kon-fu-ta'shun), n. Act or process of confuting; disproof. CONFUTE (kon-fuf), vt. [pr.p. CONFU'TING; p.t. and p.p. CONFU'TED.] Prove to be false; refute. [L. confuto; from con-, together, and futo, pour.] SYN. Disprove; overthrow; refute; op- pugn; confound. CONFUTER (kon-fu'ter), n. One who confutes. CONGE (kang-zha'), n. 1. Leave; departure; farewell. 2. Parting ceremony; courtesy. 3. Dismissal. [Fr.; from L. con-, together, and meo, go.] CONGEAL (kon-jeT), v. [pr.p. CONGEALING; p.t. and p.p. CONGEALED (kon-jeld').l I. vt. 1. Change from fluid to solid by cold; freeze. 2. Chill; curdle. II. vi. 1. Pass from liquid to solid, as by cold. 2. Coagulate. [L. congelo; from con-, together, and gelo, freeze.] CONGEALABLE (kon-jel'a-bl), a. Capable of being congealed. CONGEALMENT(kon-jel'ment),n. Congelation. CONGEE (kon'je; Fr. kang-zha'), vi. [pr.p. CON'GEEING;p.f. and p.p. CONGEED (kon- jed').] 1. Take leave. 2. Bow; courtesy. [Fr. conge.] CONGEE (kon'je; Fr. kang-zha'), n. Conge; leave-taking. CONGEE (kon-je) n. Same as CONJEE. CONGELATION (kon-je-la'shun), n. 1. Act or process of congealing. 2. Anything con- gealed. CONGENER (kon'je-ner), n. Biol. Animal or plant of the same genus, kind or nature. [L.; from con-, and genus, generis, kind.] CONGENERIC (kon-je-ner'ik), a. Of the same genus, origin, or nature. CONGENEROUS (kon-jen'er-us), a. Of the same nature or kind. CONGENETIC (kon-je-net'ik), a. Alike in origin. CONGENIAL (kon-je'ni-al), a. 1. Partaking of the same natural characteristics; kindred; sympathetic. 2. Naturally adapted or suited. 3. Agreeable; pleasant. [CON- and GENIAL.] CONGENIALITY (kon-je-ni-al'i-ti), n. Quality of being congenial. CONGENIALLY (kon-je'ni-al-i), adv. In a con- genial manner. CONGENIALNESS (kon-je'ni-al-nes), n. Con- geniality. CONGENITAL (kon-jen'i-tal), a. Born with one; existing from birth; constitutional; natural; connate. [L. congenitus; from con-, with, and genitus, born; from gigno, bear.] CONGENITALLY (kon-jen'i-tal-i), adv. In a con- genital manner. CONGER (kong'ger), CONGER-EEL (kong'gSr- el), n. Large sea-eel, three to six feet long. [L.; from Gr. gongros.] CONGERIES (kon-je'ri-ez), n. sing, and pi. Col- lection of particles or small bodies in one mass. [L. ; from con-, together, and gero, carry.] CONGEST (kon-jesf), v. [pr.p. CONGESTING; p.t. and p.p. CONGEST'ED.] I. vt. Cause to accumulate, as blood in the capillary vessels. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc, in Scotch loch. CONGESTED 267 CONGRESSMAN II. vi. Become congested. [L. congestus, p.p. of congero, heap together.] CONGESTED (kon-jest'ed), a. 1. Pathol. Affected with an unnatural accumulation of blood. 2. Crowded very closely. CONGESTION (kon-jes'chun), n. 1. Pathol. Ah- normal accumulation of blood in the capillary vessels. 2. Condition of being overcrowded or congested. CONGESTIVE (kon-jest'iv), a. Indicating or 1 tending to congestion. CONGLOBATE (kon-glo'bat), a. Formed into a. globe or ball. [L. con-, together, and gloous 9 ball. CONGLOBATE (kon-glo'bat), v. [pr.p. CON- GLOBATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGLOBATED.] I. vt. Form into a globe or round mass. II. vi. Become formed into a solid globe or ball. CONGLOBATION (kon-glo-ba'shun), n. 1. Act of forming into a ball or globe. 2. Round body or mass. CONGLOBE (kon-glob'), vt. and vi. Conglobate. CONGLOBULATE ( kon-glob 'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. CONGLOB'ULATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGLOB'- ULATED.] Gather into a globule or small globe. [CON- and GLOBULE.] CONGLOMERATE (kon-glona'er-at), I. a. Gath- ered into a ball -like mass. II. n. Rock com- posed of pebbles bound together by a natural cement. [L. conglomeratus, p.p. of conglomero, roll together.] CONGLOMERATE (kon-glom'er-at), v. [pr.p. CONGLOMERATING; p.t. and p.p. CON- GLOMERATED.] I. vt. Gather into a ball. II. vi. Be gathered into a ball-like mass. CONGLOMERATION (kon-glom-er-a'shun), n. 1. Actof conglomerating. 2. Conglomerated mass; Intermixture; miscellaneous accumulation. CONGLUTINANT (kon-glo'ti-nant), I. a. Med. Causing to stick together and heal. II. n. Application for closing and healing wounds. CONGLUTINATE (kon-glo'ti-nat), v. [pr.p. CONGLU'TINATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGLU- TINATED.] I. vt. 1. Glue together. 2. Heal by uniting. II. vi. Unite or grow together. [L. con-, together, and gluten, glue.] CONGLUTINATE (kon-glo'ti-nat), a. 1. Glued or cemented together. 2. Bot. Glued to- gether instead of being united originally. CONGLUTINATION (kon- glo-ti-na'shun), n. Act of gluing together. CONGLUTINATIVE (kon- glo'*i-na-tiv), a. Gluing together. CONGLUTINATOR ( kon- glo'ti-na-tur, ) n. That which conglutinates. Congo, Kongo (kong'go), n. [pi. CONGOS, KON- GOS(kong'goz).] Member Congo. of a negro race inhabiting Congo, a country of western Africa. Snake-like Congo-snake (Ant- phiu?na means). CONGO-SNAKE (kong'gd-snak), n. amphibian, found in the muddy streams of the south- eastern United States. CONGRATULATE (kon-graf- U-lat), vt. [pr.p. CONGRAT- ULATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGRATULATED.] 1. Wish joy to on any for- tunate event; felicitate. 2. Consider fortunate in some matter. [L. congratulatus, p.p. of congratulor; con-, to- gether, and gratulor, wish joy.] SYN. Felicitate; compliment. ANT. Com- miserate; console. CONGRATULATION (kon-grat-u-Ia'shun), n, 1. Act of congratulating. 2. Expression of joy or pleasure at one's success or good fortune. CONGRATULATOR (kon-grat'u-la-tiir), n. One who congratulates. CONGRATULATORY (kon-grat'u-la-to-ri), a. Expressing congratulation. CONGREGATE (kong'gre-gat), v. [pr.p. CON- GREGATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'GREGATED.] I. vt. Collect or bring together in one place; assemble. II. vi. Meet or assemble; gather. [L. congregalus, p.p. of congrego, flock together.] CONGREGATE (kong'gre-gat), a. Gathered to- gether; assembled; congregated. CONGREGATION (kong-gre-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of congregating. 2. Assemblage of per- sons or things. 3. Body of people united to worship in a particular church. Congregational (kong-grc-ga'shun-ai), a. 1. Pertaining to Congregationalism. 2. [c-] Pertaining to a congregation. Congregationalism (kong-gre-ga'shun-ai- izm), n. 1. Policy of the Congregationalists; or Congregational Church, representing chiefly two principles — self-government by the local church, and fellowship among churches. 2. [c-] Form of church government in which each congregation is independent In the man- agement of its own affairs. CoNGREGATIONALIST (kong-gre-ga'shun-al- ist), n. Adherent of Congregationalism; mem- ber of the Congregational Church. CONGRESS (kong'gres), n. 1. National legis- lature of the United States. 2. [c-] A meeting together or assembly, as of ambassadors, etc., for political purposes. 3. [c-] Friendly meeting for discussions; conference. 4. [c-] Legislature of any republic. [L. congressus; from con-, to- gether, and gradi, gressus, go; from gradus* step.] CONGRESSIONAL (kon-gresh'un-aD, a. 1. Per- taining to Congress. 2. [c-] Pertaining to a congress. CONGRESSIVE (kon-gres'iv), a. Meeting; com- ing together; encountering. CONGRESS3IAN (kong'gres-man), n. [pi. CON'- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; \i=u in 'Scotch gv.de; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, CONGRUENCE 268 CONJUNCTURE GRESSMEN.] Member of the United States Congress. CONGRUENCE (kong'gro-ens), CONGRU- ENCY (kong'gro-en-si), o. 1. Agreement; suitableness; consistency. CONGRUENT (kong'gro-ent), a. Agreeing; suitable; congruous. [Fr. congruent; from L. congruens, pr.p. of congruo, agree together.] CONGRUITY (kon-gro'i-ti), n. [pi. CONGRU'- ITIES.] Agreement; consistency; fitness; correspondence. CONGRUOUS (kong'gro-us), a. Suitable; fit; consistent. [L. congruus, agreeing.] CONGRUOUSLY (kong'gro-us-li), adv. In a congruous manner. CONGRUOUSNESS (kong'gro-us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being congruous; congruity. CONIC (kon'ik), a. Relating to or having the form of a cone. — Conic sections. Geom. Three curves, the parabola, the hyperbola, and the ellipse — so called because they are formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with planes that cut the cone in various directions. [Gr. konikos; from konos, cone.] CONICAL (kon'ik-U), a. Same as CONIC. CONICS (kon'iks), n. Branch of geometry which relates to conic sections. CONIFER (kon'i-fe.), n. Tree or shrub of the order Coniferee. CONIFERS (ko-nif'er-e), n.pl. Bot. Order of exogenous plants, including pines, firs, etc., which bear cones, in which the seed is con- tained. [L. conns, cone, and fero, bear.] CONIFEROUS (ko-nif'er-us), a. Cone-bearing, as the fir, pine, etc. CONIFORM (ko'ni-farm), a. Conical. CONINE (ko'nin), n. Chem. Alkaloid forming the poisonous principle of hemlock. [Gr. koneion, hemlock.] CoNIUM (ko'ni-um), n. Bot. Genus of um- belliferous plants, including the poison-hem- lock, Conium maculatum, used in medicine to relieve pain, relax spasm, and compose general nervous irritation. [L.; from Gr. koneion, hemlock.] CONJECTURABLE (kon-jek'tur-a-bl), o. That may be conjectured. CONJECTURAL (kon-jek'tur-al), o. 1. Involv- ing conjecture. 2. Given to conjecture. CONJECTURE (kon-jek'tur), n. 1. Forecast. 2. Opinion formed on slight or defective evi- dence; surmise; guess. [L. conjectura, guess.] CONJECTURE (kon-jek'tur), v. [pr.p. CON- JEC'TURING; p.t. and p.p. CONJECTURED (kon-Jek'turd).] I. vt. 1. Make conjectures regarding. 2. Infer on slight evidence. II. vi. Guess. CONJECTURER (kon-jek'tur-er), n. One who forms conjectures. CONJEE, CONGEE (kon'je), n. Water in which rice has been boiled, used for invalids. [An- glo-Indian; from Tamil kanji.] CONJOIN (kon-Join'), v. [pr.p. CONJOIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONJOINED (kon-joind').] I. vt. 1. Join together; combine. 2. Associate; unite, as in matrimony. II. vt. Unite. [Fr. conjoindre; from L. con-, together, and jungo, join.] CONJOINT (kon-joinf), a. Joined together; united. CONJOINTLY (kon-joint'li), adv. In a conjoint manner; together. CONJUGAL (kon'jo-gal), a. Of or pertaining to matrimony or married life; connubial. [L. conjugalis; from conjux, one united to another; from con-, together, and jugum, yoke.] CONJUGALLY (kon'jo-gal-i), adv. In a con- jugal manner. CONJUGATE (kon'jo-gat), I. a. 1. Joined or connected in pairs; yoked; paired. 2. Math. So related as to be interchangeable. II. n. Gram. Word agreeing in derivation with an- other word. [L. conjugatus, p.p. of conjugo, join together.] CONJUGATE (kon'jo-gat), v. [pr.p. CONJU- GATING; p.t. and p.p. CONJUGATED.] I. vt. Gram. Give in order the various inflections of — said of verbs. II. vl. Biol. Unite in conjugation, as cells in certain rhizopods. CONJUGATION (kon-jo-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of joining or state of being joined; union. 2. Gram. (1) Inflection of a verb. (2) Act of conjugating or inflecting a verb. (3) Number or class of verbs conjugated alike. — Conju- gation of cells. Biol. Mode of reproduction in which two apparently similar cells unite, as in amoeba, diatoms, etc. CONJUNCT (kon-jungkf), a. Conjoined. [L. conjunctus, p.p. of conjungo, join together.] CONJUNCTION (kon-jungk'shun), n. 1. Con- nection; union. 2. Gram. Word that con- nects sentences, clauses, and words; as "he went and 1 came," "she played while they danced," and and while being conjunc- tions. 3. Astron. One of the aspects of the planets, when two heavenly bodies have the same longitude — i. e., when the same perpen- dicular to the ecliptic passes through both. CONJUNCTIONAL (kon-jungk'shun-al), o. Re- lating to a conjunction. CONJUNCTIVA (kon-jungk-ti'va), n. [pi. CON- JUNCTIVAE. ] Anat. Mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids, and covering the anterior part of the eyeball. [L. conjunc- tivus, connecting.] CONJUNCTIVE (kon-jungk'tiv), I. a. 1. Serving to unite; connective. 2. Closely united. II. n. Gram. Subjunctive mood. CONJUNCTIVELY (kon-jungk'tiv-li), adv. In a conjunctive manner. CONJUNCTLY (kon-jungkt'li) adv. Conjointly; in union. CONJUNCTURE (kon-jungk'tur), n. 1. Com- bination of circumstances. 2. Important occasion; juncture; crisis. 3. Act of joining, or mode of union or connection. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CONJURATION 269 CONQUERABLE CONJURATION (kon-jo~ra'shun), n. 1. Act of summoning- by a sacred name or solemnly. 2. Enchantment; spell. CONJURE (kon-jor'), v. [pr.p. CONJUR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONJURED (kon-ji>rd').] I. vt. 1. Call on or summon in a solemn manner; adjure. 2. Implore earnestly. II. vi. Make a solemn appeal or adjuration. [L. conjuro; from con-, together, and juro, swear.] CONJURE (kun'jur), v. [pr.p. CON'JURING; p.t. and p.p. CONJURED (kun'jurd).] I. vt. 1. Raise up or produce by magic arts. 2. En- chant; charm; exorcise. II. vi. Practice mag- ical arts. CONJURER (kun'jur-er), n. One who practices magic. CONJURER (kon-jor'er), n. One who adjures or appeals solemnly. CONJURING (kun'jm-ing), n. Use of magic; enchantment. CON JURY (kun'jur-i), n. Magic. CONNARITE (kon'a-rlt), n . Min. Green crys- tallized silicate of nickel. CONNATE (kon'at or kon-nat'), a. 1. Born with another; cognate. 2. Of the same origin with. 3. Bot. Having parts originally dis- tinctly united together. [L. con-, with, and nasci, natus, be born.] CONNATION (kon-na/shun), n. State of being united or connected by birth. CONNATURAL (kon-nat'ti-ral), a. 1. Of the same nature with another. 2. Connected or united by birth; congenital. CONNECT (kon-nekf), v. [pr.p. CONNECTING; p.t. and p.p. CONNECTED.] I. vt. 1. Tie or fasten together. 2. Establish a relation be- tween; associate. 3. Elec. Place or bring into electric contact. II. vi. Have a close re- lation or association. [L. con-, together, and necto, tie.] CONNECTICUT (ko-net'i-kut), n. One of the U. S. Area 5,612 sq. m. Capital, Hartford. CONNECTEDLY (kon-nekt'ed-li)* adv. In a connected manner. CONNECTEDNESS (kon-nekt'ed-nes), n. Qual- ity of being connected or following in due order. CONNECTIBLE (kon-nekt'i-bl), a. Capable of being connected. CONNECTILE (kon-nekt'il), n. Bot. Part con- necting the lobes of the anther and the fila- ment. CONNECTION (kon-nek'shun), n. 1. Act of connecting. 2. State of being connected. 3. That which connects. 4. Junction. 5. Re- lationship. 6. Context. 7. Relative. 8. In- timacy. 9. Body or society held together by a bond. CONNECTIVE (kon-nekt'iv), I. a. Binding to- gether; serving to connect. II. n. 1. That which connects. 2. Oram. Conjunction or preposition. CONNECTIVELY (kon-nekt'iv-li), adv. In a connective manner. CONNECTOR (kon-nekt'ur), n. 1. One who connects. 2. Elec. Device for readily con- necting or joining the ends of two or more conductors. CONNER (kon'er), n. One who cons or studies carefully. CONNER (kon'er), n. One who directs the steer- ing of a ship. CONNEXION (kon-nek'shun), n. Same as CON- NECTION. CONNIVANCE (kon-ni'vans), n. Act of conni- ving; tacit consent; passive cooperation or encouragement. CONNIVE (kon-nlv'), vi. [pr.p. CONNI'VING; p.t. and p.p. CONNIVED (kon-nlvd').] 1. Wink at, or intentionally overlook, a wrong or crime. 2. Passively cooperate or collude, as with a criminal. [L. conniveo, wink.] CONNIVENT (kon-ni'vent), a. Biol. Convey- ing. [L. connivens, pr.p. of conniveo, wink.] CONNIVER (kon-ni'ver), n. Person who con- nives. CONNOISSEUR (kon-i-sur'), n. One who knows a subject well; critical judge in art, music, etc. [Fr.; from O. Fr. conoisseor; from con- noistre, know; from L. cognosco.] CONNOTATE (kon'6-tat), vt. [pr.p. CON'NO- TATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'NOTATED.] Same as CONNOTE. CONNOTATION (kon-6-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of connotating or connoting. 2. Logic. That which is connoted by a term. CONNOTE (kon-nof), v. [pr.p. CONNO'TING; p.t. and p.p. CONNOTED.] I. vt. 1. Indicate or mention indirectly. 2. Mean; signify. II. vi. Have a meaning in connection with an- other word. [L. con-, together, and noto, mark.] CONNUBIAL (kon-nu'bi-al), a. Pertaining to marriage or to the married state; married; nuptial. [L. con-, together, and nubo, marry.] CONOID (ko'noid), I. a. Resembling a cone; conical. II. n. Anything like a cone in form. [Gr. konos, cone, and eidos, form.] CONOIDAL (ko-noid'al), a. Resembling a cone; approaching the conical in form. CONOIDIC (ko-noid'ik), a. Conoidal. CONOLPHUS (ko-nol'fus), n. Zool. Edible iguana of South American tropics. [Gr. konos, cone; lophon, crest.] CONQUER (kong'ker), v. [pr.p. CON'QUERING; p.t. and p.p. CONQUERED (kong'kerd).] I. vt. 1. Gain by force or with an effort. 2. Over- come or vanquish. II. vi. Be victorious; gain the victory. [L. conquiro; from con-, together, and quwro, seek.] SYN. Overcome; overpower; overthrow; defeat; subdue; vanquish; rout; discomfit; reduce; humble; surmount; crush; master; subjugate. ANT. Fail; fall; retreat; suc- cumb; fly; submit; surrender. CONQUERABLE (kong'ker-a-bl), a. That may be conquered. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CONQUEROR 270 CONSEQUENT CONQUEROR(kong'ker-fir),n. [fern. CONQUER'- ESS.] One who conquers; victor. CONQUEST (kong'kwest), n. t. Act of conquer- ing. 2. That which is conquered or acquired by physical or moral force. 3. Act of gaining the affections of another. [O. Fr.] CONSANGUINEOUS ( kon-san-gwin'e-us ), a. Related by blood; of the same family or de- scent. [L. consanguineus ; from con-, with, and sanguis, blood.] CONSANGUINITY (kon-san-gwin'i-ti), n. Re- lationship by blood — opposed to affinity or re- lationship by marriage. CONSCIENCE (kon'shens), n. 1. Knowledge of our own acts and feelings as right or wrong. 2. Sense of duty; scrupulousness. 3. Faculty or principle by which we distinguish right from wrong. [Fr.; from L. conscientia, knowl- edge.] CONSCIENCELESS (kon'shens-les), a. Without conscience. CONSCIENCE-MONET (kon'shens-mun-i), n. Money restored to relieve conscience of wrong- doing. CONSCIENTIOUS (kon-shi-en'shus), a. Regu- lated by a regard to conscience; scrupulous. CONSCIENTIOUSLY (kon-shi-en'shus-li), adv. In a conscientious manner. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS ( kon-shi-en'shus-nes ), n. Quality of being conscientious. CONSCIONARLE (kon'shun-a-bl), a. Governed or regulated by conscience; just. CONSCIONABLY ( kon'shun-a-bli ), adv. In a conscionable manner. CONSCIOUS (kon'shus), a. 1. Aware of one's own existence. 2. Having the faculty of consciousness. 3. Having the feeling or internal knowledge of something; aware. 4. Self-conscious. [L. conscius; from con-, with, and scio, know.] CONSCIOUSLY (kon'shus-li), adv. In a con- scious manner. CONSCIOUSNESS (kon'shus-nes), n. 1. Waking state of the mind. 2. Knowledge which the mind has of its own acts and feelings. 3. Self-consciousness. CONSCRIPT 0;on'skript), I. a. Enrolled; reg- istered. II. n. One enrolled and liable to serve as a soldier or marine. [L. conscriptus, p.p. of conscribo, write together.] CONSCRIPT (kon-skripf), vt. [pr.p. CON- SCRIPTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSCRIPTED.] Compel to serve as a soldier or marine; draft into the army or navy. CONSCRIPTION (kon-skrip'shun), n. Com- pulsory enrollment of men for military or naval service. * CONSECRATE (kon'se-krat), vt. [pr.p. CON'- SECRATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'SECRATED.] 1. Set apart for a holy use. 2. Render holy; hallow. 3. Devote to a sacred or high pur- pose. 4. Canonize. [L. consecratus, p.p. of consecro, make wholly sacred; from con-, together, and sacro, set apart as sacred; sacer, sacred.] SYN. Sanctify; hallow; ordain; dedicate; devote. ANT. Desecrate; profane. CONSECRATION (kon-se-kra'shun), n. 1. Act of consecrating. 2. State of being consecra- ted. CONSECRATOR (kon'se-kra-ttir), n. One who consecrates. CONSECRATORY (kon'se-kra-to-ri), a. Used in consecration. CONSECUTIVE (kon-sek'u-tiv), a. 1. Follow- ing in regular order. 2. Succeeding or re- sulting. [L. consecutus, p.p. of consequor, follow after; from con-, together, and sequor, follow.] CONSECUTIVELY (kon-sek'u-tiv-li), adv. In a consecutive manner. CONSENSUAL (kon-sen'sho-al), a. 1. Law. Existing by consent. 2. Phys. Excited; caused by, or dependent upon sensation; sympa- thetic. CONSENSUS (kon-sen'sus), n. General agree- ment or concurrence. [L. ; from con-, together, and sentio, feel.] CONSENT (kon-senf), vi. [pr.p. CONSENTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSENT'ED.] Give assent; agree; comply; yield. [L. consentlo, agree; from con-, together, and sentio, feel, think.] SYN. Accede; concede; allow; permit; concur; acquiesce. ANT. Resist; disagree; dissent; decline; refuse. CONSENT (kon-senf), n. 1. Voluntary com- pliance or agreement; acquiescence. 2. Agree- ment or sympathy in feeling or thought; con- cord. SYN. Accord; assent; agreement; ac- quiescence; compliance; concurrence; au- thority; permit; leave; permission; sanction. CONSENTANEOUS(kon-sen-ta'ne-us), a. Agree- able or accordant; consistent with. CONSENTANEOUSLY(kon-sen-ta'ne-us-li),adt>. In a consentaneous manner. CONSENT ANEOUSNESS(kon-sen-ta'ne-us-nes), n. Quality of being consentaneous. CONSENTER (kon-sent'er), n. One who con- sents. CONSENTIENT (kon-sen'shent), a. Agreeing in mind or opinion. CONSENTINGLY (kon-sent'ing-li), adv. With consent or concurrence. CONSEQUENCE (kon'se-kwens), n. 1. That which follows or comes after as a result; ef- fect. 2. Importance; moment; considera- tion. 3. Logic. Deduction; inference drawn from preceding propositions. [L. consequen- tia; from consequens, pr.p. of consequor, fol- low with.] SYN. Effect; result; issue; inference; importance; weight; value; significance. ANT. Cause; insignificance. CONSEQUENT (kon'se-kwent), I. a. 1. Fol- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CONSEQUENTIAL 271 CONSISTENT lowing as a natural effect or deduction. 2. Logical. II. n. 1. That which follows. 2. Natural effect of a cause. CONSEQUENTIAL (kon-se-kwen'shal), a. 1. Following as a result. 2. Having a logical connection. 3. Self-important; conceited; pompous; proud. CONSEQUENTIALLY(kon-se-kwen'shal-i),a(ft>. In a consequential manner. CONSEQUENTLY (kon'se-quent-li), adv. In consequence; as a consequence; therefore; necessarily. CONSERVABLE (kon-serv'a-bl), a. Capable of being conserved. CONSERVANCY (kon-serv'an-si), n. 1. Con- servation; preservation. 2. In England, commission or court having jurisdiction over rivers, to regulate the fisheries, navigation, etc. CONSERVANT (kon-serv'ant), a. Conserving. CONSERVATION (kon-ser-va'shun), n. Act of conserving. — Conservation of energy, nat- ural law that the total amount of energy in a material system cannot be varied, provided the system neither parts with energy to other bodies nor receives it from them. CONSERVATISM (kon-serv'a-tizm), n. Oppo- sition to radical innovations or measures. CONSERVATIVE ( kon-serv'a-tiv ), I. a. 1. Tending or having power to conserve. 2. Dis- posed to uphold established institutions. II. n. One who desires to preserve the institutions of his country against innovation and change. CONSERVATOR (kon'ser-va-tur), n. [fern. CON'SERVATRIX.] 1. Guardian; custodian; protector. 2. Law. Any person appointed to conserve, preserve, or watch over any- thing. CONSERVATORY ( kon-serv'a-tS-ri), n. [pi. CONSERVATORIES.] 1. Greenhouse or place in which exotic plants are kept. 2. School of music, or of art, science, etc. CONSERVATRIX (kon'ser-va-triks), n. Female conservator. CONSERVE (kon-serv'), vt. [pr.p. CONSERV- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSERVED (kon-servd').] Preserve or protect from injury or loss. [L. conservo; from con-, together, and servo, keep.] CONSERVE (kon'serv), n. 1. Sweetmeat. 2. Pharm. Electuary. CONSERVER (kon-serv'er), n. One who makes conserves. CONSIDER (kon-sld'gr), v. [pr.p. CONSIDER- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSIDERED (kon-sid'- erd).] I. vt. 1. Look at closely or carefully. 2. Think or deliberate on. 3. Take into ac- count. 4. Look upon as of importance. 5. Estimate; regard; view. 6. Remunerate. II. vi. Think seriously or carefully; deliberate. [L. consider o; from con-, with, and sidus, sideris, star.] SYN. Ponder; weigh; study; reflect; meditate; contemplate; examine; regard; consult; deliberate; cogitate; ruminate. ANT. Disregard; overlook; neglect; slight; ignore. CONSIDERABLE (kon-sid'gr-a-bl), a. 1. Of some size, amount, or quality. 2. Worthy of being considered. 3. Important. CONSIDERABLY (kon-sid'gr-a-bli), adv. In a degree deserving consideration. CONSIDERATE (kon-sid'er-at), a. Thoughtful for the feelings of others. CONSIDERATELY (kon-sid'er-at-li), adv. In a considerate manner. CONSIDER ATENESS ( kon-sid'er-at-nes ), n. Thoughtfulness for others. CONSIDERATION (kon-sid-er-a'shun), n. 1. Deliberation. 2. Importance. 3. Motive or reason. 4. Compensation; reward. 5. Basis of a contract. 6. Thought; regard, attention, or respect for the feelings or opin- ions of others. CONSIDERER (kon-sid'er-er), n. One who con- siders. CONSIDERING (kon-sid'er-ing), prep. In view of; seeing that. CONSIGN (kon-sin'), vt. [pr.p. CONSIGNING; p.t. and p.p. CONSIGNED ( kon-sind').] 1. Hand over or deliver. 2. Intrust; commit. 3. Transmit for sale or custody. [L. con- signo, attest.] SYN. Commit; deliver; resign; intrust. CONSIGNABLE (kon-sin'a-bl), a. Capable of being consigned. CONSIGNEE (kon-sin-e'), n. One to whom any- thing is consigned. CONSIGNER (kon-sln'er), n. Same as CON- SIGNOR. CONSIGNMENT (kon-sln'ment), n. 1. Act of consigning. 2. That which is consigned; shipment of merchandise. CONSIGNOR kon-sln-ar' or kon-sin'ur), n. One who consigns or makes a consignment. CONSIST (kon-sisf), vi. [pr. p. CONSISTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSIST'ED.j 1. Be composed or made up; be comprised. 2. Continue to exist; subsist. 3. Be compatible; harmonize; agree. [L. consisto; from con-, together, and sisto, stand.] CONSISTENCE (kon-sist'ens), n. Same as CON- SISTENCY. CONSISTENCY (kon-sist'en-si), n. [pi. CON- SISTENCIES.] 1. Degree of density. 2. Agreement; accord; harmony. 3. Substance; form; firmness of nature or character. 4. Persistence; durability. 5. Combined or united body. CONSISTENT (kon-sist'ent), a. 1. Not con- tradictory; congruous; harmonious. 2. Act- ing up to one's profession. 3. Holding to- gether; firm; solid; not fluid. SYN. Accordant; congruous; uniform; coherent; compatible; consonant. ANT. Contradictory; antagonistic; discordant; Incompatible; inconsistent. fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CONSISTENTLY 273 CONSPIRES adv. In a Of or CONSISTENTLY (kon-sist'ent-li), consistent manner, CONSISTORIAL ( kon-sis-to'ri-al ), pertaining to a consistory. CONSISTORY (kon-sis'to-ri), n. [pi. CONSIS- TORIES.] 1. Assembly or council. 2. De- liberative and judicial assembly of ministers of any church. 3. Court of a bishop, held in the cathedral church for the trial of ecclesias- tical causes. 4. College of cardinals at Rome. 5. Particular place where the privy council of the Roman emperor met, or the council itself. 6. Scottish rite body of Free-Masons empowered to confer the higher degrees of that order. [L. consistorium, place of as- sembly.] CONSOCIATE (kon-so'shi-at), v. [pr.p. CON- SO'CIATING; p.t. and p.p. CONSO'CIATED.] I. vt. Unite or join together. II. vi. 3Ieet In a consociation. [L. consociatus, p.p. of consocio; from con-, together, and socio, join.] CONSOCIATION (kon-sd-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Alliance; union; association. 2. Union or fellowship of churches, by means of the pastors and delegates. CONSOLABLE (kon-so'la-bl), a. Capable of being consoled. CONSOLATION (kon-so-la'shun), n. 1. Alle- viation of misery. 2. Comforting circum- stance; source or cause of comfort. 3. State of being consoled. SYN. Solace; alleviation; support; relief; encouragement. ANT. Discouragement. CONSOLATORY (kon-sol'a-to-ri), a. Conso- ling; comforting. CONSOLE (kon-sol'), vt. [pr.p. CONSO'LING; p.t. and p.p. CONSOLED (ken-sold').] Give solace or comfort to; cheer in distress. [L. consolor; from con-, together, and solor, comfort.] CONSOLE (kon'sol), n. Arch. Bracket; corbel. — Console table, table having one of its sides sup- ported against a wall by consoles or brackets. [Fr.] CONSOLER (kon-so'ler), n. One who consoles. CONSOLIDANT (kon-sol'i-dant), I. a. Having the power of uniting wounds. II* n. Medicine that unites or closes up wounds. CONSOLIDATE (kon-sol i-dat), v. [pr.p. CON- SOLIDATING; p.*. and p.p. CONSOLIDATED.] I. vt. 1. Make solid; solidify. 2. Bring into close union; combine into one. II. vi. 1. Grow solid or firm. 2. Become united. [L. consolido; con-, together, and solidus, solid.] CONSOLIDATION (kon-sol-i-da'shun), n. Act of making or becoming solid. CONSOLS ( kon'solz ), n.pl. Abbreviation for "consolidated annuities," that part of the British national debt which consists of several stocks consolidated into one fund. Console CONSOMME (kong-so-ma/), n. Clear soup made from meat by slow boiling. [Fr.; from L. con- summo, consummate.] CONSONANCE (kon'so-nans), n. 1. State of agreement. 2. Agreement or unison of sounds. 3. Music. Concord. [L. consonantia; from consonans, pr.p. of consono, sound together.] CONSONANCY (kon'so-nan-si), n. Harmony; consonance. CONSONANT (kon'so-nant), I. a. 1. Consistent. 2. Suitable. 3. Harmonious. 4. Consonantal. II. n. 1. Articulation which can be sounded easily only with a vowel. 2. Letter of the alphabet other than a vowel. [L. consonans. See CONSONANCE.] CONSONANTAL (kon-so-nan'tal), a. 1. Of the nature of a consonant. 2. Pertaining to or connected with consonants. CONSONANTLY (kon'so-nant-li), adv. In a con- sistent manner. CONSONOUS (kon'so-nus), a. Harmonious. CONSORT (kon'sart), n. 1. Companion; wife or husband. 2. Naut. Vessel keeping com- pany with another. 3. Companionship; asso- ciation; company. [L. consors; from con-, to- gether, and sors, sortis, lot.] CONSORT (kon-sarf), v. [pr.p. CONSORT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSORT'ED.] I. vt. Unite or join in harmony. II. vi. Associate or keep company. CONSPECTUS (kon-spek'tus), n. 1. Compre- hensive survey; general view. 2. Abstract; synopsis; prospectus. [L.; from con-, together, and specio, see.] CONSPICUOUS (kon-spik'u-us), a. 1. Plainly visible; prominent. 2. Notable; eminent. 3. Attracting attention; striking. [L. con- spicuus; from conspicio, see clearly.] CONSPICUOUSLY (kon-spik'u-us-li), adv. In a conspicuous manner. CONSPICUOUSNESS (kon-spik'u-us-nes), n. Quality or condition of being conspicuous. CONSPIRACY (kon-spir'a-si), n. [pi. CON- SPIRACIES.] 1. Combination of two or more persons for a criminal or wrongful purpose; plot. 2. Concurrence or general tendency of things to one end or event. 3. Law. Com- bination of two or more persons to commit any unlawful act that may injure any third person or persons. SYN. Intrigue; cabal; plot; combination; connivance; collusion; confederacy. CONSPIRATOR (kon-spir'a-tur), n. One who conspires. CONSPIRE (kon-spir'), v. [pr.p. CONSPIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSPIRED (kon-spird').] I. vt. Plot or plan; contrive. II. vi. 1. Engage in a conspiracy; plot or scheme together. 2. Con- cur to one end or event. [L. conspiro; from con-, together, and spiro, breathe.] SYN. Combine; cooperate; confederate; plot; league; intrigue; scheme. CONSPIRER (kun'spir'er), n. Conspirator. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=tt in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CONSTABLE 273 CONSTRICTED CONSTABLE (kun'sta-bl), n. 1. Officer who serves writs for a minor court. 2. In the middle ages, a state-officer of the highest rank. [O. Fr. conestable; from L. comes stabuli, count of the stable.] CONSTABLESHIP (kun'sta-bl-ship), n. Office or position of a constable. CONSTABULARY ( kon-stab'u-la-ri), I. n. [pi. CONSTABULARIES.] Body of con- stables. II. a. Of or pertaining to con- stables. CONSTANCY (kon'stan-si), n. 1. Fixedness of purpose; resolution; perseverance. 2. Faith- ful attachment; fidelity. 3. Endurance of affection. 4. Devotion to principle; stead- fastness. SYN. Fixedness; firmness; stability; steadiness; permanence; resolution; stead- fastness; decision; uniformity; regularity. ANT. Inconstancy; fickleness. CONSTANT (kon'stant), I. a. 1. Unchanging; continuous; unceasing. 2. Frequent; contin- ual. 3. Firm and steadfast in affection. II. n. 1. Physics. That which remains un- changed, as the laws of gravity or the revolutions of the earth. 2. Math. Quantity which remains the same throughout a prob- lem. [Fr. constant; from L. constans, pr.p. of consto, stand firm; con-, together, and sto, stand.] SYN. Stable; fixed; permanent; unalter- able; immutable; perpetual; continual; steadfast; uniform; faithful; true; trust- worthy; regular; stated; certain; invariable. ANT. Fickle; inconstant; changeable; ca- pricious; crotchety; vacillating; variable; wavering; whimsical. Constantinople (kon-stan-ti-no'pi), n. Cap- ital of Ottoman Empire, Turkey. CONSTANTLY (kon'stant-li), adv. In a constant manner. CONSTELLATION (kon-stel-la'shun), n. 1. Group of stars within the limits of an imagin- ary figure, or part of the heavens containing such group. 2. Assemblage of excellences or of eminent persons. ' [L. constellus, studded with stars; from con-, with, together, and Stella, star.] CONSTERNATION (kon-ster-na'shun), n. Terror which throws into confusion; dismay. [L. consternatio ; from con-, together, and sterno, strew.] CONSTIPATE (kon'sti-pat), vt. [pr.p. CON'- STIPATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'STIPATED.] Stop up; make costive. [L. constipo; from con-, together, and stipo, crowd.] CONSTIPATION (kon-sti-pa'shun), n. Cos- tiveness; an irregular and insufficient action of the bowels. CONSTITUENCY (kon-stit'u-en-si), n. [pi. CON- STITUENCIES.] Body of voters for electing a member of a legislative body; body of sup- porters. CONSTITUENT (kon-stit'u-ent), I. a. 1. Con- stituting or forming; component. 2. Having the right or power of constituting, electing or appointing. II. n. 1. Essential or elemental part. 2. One of those who elect a represen- tative. 3. He who or that which constitutes anything. [L. constituens; from con-, together, and statuo, cause to stand.] CONSTITUTE (kon'sti-tut), vt. [pr.p. CON- STITUTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTITUTED.] 1. Set up; establish. 2. Form or compose. 3. Appoint; dispute. 4. Enact. [L. constitu- tus, p.p. of constituo, cause to stand.] CONSTITUTION (kon-sti-tu'shun), n. 1. Act of constituting. 2. Natural condition of body or mind; temperament; disposition. 3. System of organic laws for the government of a state, association, etc. 4. Natural quali- ties of any compound material body. CONSTITUTIONAL (kon-sti-tu'shun-al), I. a. 1. Inherent in the natural frame of body or mind; natural. 2. Agreeable to the constitution or frame of government. 3. Existing or govern- ing under the provisions of a constitution. II. n. Walk for the sake of one's health. CONSTITUTIONALISM (kon-sti-tu'shun-al- izm), n. Adherence to the principles of con- stitutional government. C ONSTITUTIONALIT Y( kon-sti-tu-shun-ari-ti), n. State or quality of being constitutional. CONSTITUTIONALLY ( kon-sti-tu'shun-al-i ), adv. In accordance with the constitution. CONSTITUTIVE (kon'sti-tu-tiv), a. 1. That constitutes or establishes. 2. Having power to enact, constitute, or establish. 3. Essen- tial; determinative. CONSTRAIN (kon-stran'), vt. [pr.p. CON- STRAINING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRAINED (kon-strand').] 1. Urge with irresistible power; force; compel. 2. Confine or restrain by force; bind; clasp; hold fast. [O. Fr. constraindre; from L. constringo, bind together.] SYN. Coerce; impel; intimidate. ANT. Persuade; induce. CONSTRAIN ABLE (kon-stran'a-bl), a. Capable of being restrained. CONSTRAINED (kon-strand'), a. 1. Forced; compelled. 2. Embarrassed. CONSTRAINEDLY (kon-stran'ed-li), adv. By compulsion or restraint. CONSTRAINER (kon-stran'er), n. One who constrains. CONSTRAINT (kon-stranf), n. 1. Act of re- straining; compulsion; confinement; repres- sion. 2. Reserve; reticence. CONSTRICT (kon-strikf), vt. [pr.p. CON- STRICTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRICT'ED.] Contract; cramp; bind. [L. constrictus. p.p. of constringo, bind together.] CONSTRICTED ( kon-strikt'ed), a. 1. Nar- rowed; cramped. 2. Bot. Contracted or tightened, so as to be smaller in some parts than in others. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; " u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, CONSTRICTION 274 CONSUMPTION CONSTRICTION (kon-strik'shun), n. Compres- sion; contraction; astringency. CONSTRICTIVE (kon-strikt'iv), a. Binding; contracting; astringent. CONSTRICTOR (kon-strikt'ur), n. 1. That which constricts or draws together. 2. Zool. Large serpent that crushes its prey in its folds, as the hoa,-constrictor. CONSTRINGENT (kon-strin'jent), a. Having the quality of binding or contracting; astrin- gent. [L. constringens, pr.p. of constringo, bind tightly.] CONSTRUCT (kon-strukf), vt. [pr.p, CON- STRUCTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRUCTED.] 1. Put together the component parts of a material structure; build; frame. 2. Form or fabricate by the mind; make up. [L. con," structus, p.p. of construo, put together; from con-, together, and struo, build.] SYN. Compose; build; fabricate; form; erect; invent; originate. ANT. Demolish; raze; overthrow; destroy. CONSTRUCTER (kon-strukt'er), n. One who constructs; builder. . CONSTRUCTION (kon-struk'shun), n. 1. Act of constructing. 2. That which is constructed; building; ed flee. 3. Interpretation; meaning. 4. Gram. Arrangement of words in a sentence. CONSTRUCTIONAL ( kon-struk'shun-al ), a. Pertaining to construction. CONSTRUCTIVE (kon-strukt'iv), a. 1. Ca- pable of constructing. 2. Not direct or ex- pressed, but inferred. CONSTRUCTIVELY (kon-strukt'iv-li), adv. In a constructive manner. CONSTRUCTIVENESS (kon-strukt'iv-nes), n. 1. Tendency to form or construct. 2. Con- structive ability. CONSTRUCTOR (kon-strukt'ur), n. Same as CONSTRUCTER. CONSTRUE (kon'stro), v. [pr.p. CON'STRUING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRUED (kon'strod).] I. vt. 1. Translate. 2. Interpret; explain. II. vi. Explain grammatically. [L. construo; from con-, together, and struo, heap.] CONSUBSTANTIAL (kon-sub-stan'shaD, a. Of the same substance, nature, or essence. CONSUBSTANTIALLY ( kon-sub-stan'shal-i ), adv. With sameness of substance. CONSUBSTANTIATE (kon-sub-stan'shi-at), v. [pr.p. CONSUBSTAN'TIATING; p.t. and p.p. CONSUBSTAN'TIATED.] I. vt. Unite in one common substance or nature. II. vi. Hold the doctrine of consubstantiation. CONSUBSTANTIATION ( kon-sub-stan-shi-a'- shun), n. Doctrine that after consecration the eucharistic elements, though existing in their original form, are substantially conjoined with the body and blood of Christ. [L. con-, to- gether, and substantia, substance.] CONSUL (kon'sul), n. 1. One commissioned to reside in a foreign country as an agent for, or representative of, the commercial interests of a government. 2. One of two chief magis- trates in the Roman republic. [L.; from consulo, consider.] CONSULAR (kon'su-lar), a. Pertaining to a con- sul. CONSULAR-CLERK ( kon'su-lar-klerk ), n. Commissioned consular official, aid to con- sul and empowered to act as consul when that official is absent from his post. CONSULAR-COURT (kon'sti-lar-kort), n. Court organized wherein consuls exercise judicial functions in countries where extra-territo- riality is recognized. CONSULATE (kon'su-lat), n. 1. Office or term of a consul. 2. Residence or jurisdiction of a consul. CONSUL-GENERAL (kon'sul-jen-er-aD, n. Con- sul bearing this title with consular jurisdiction over all other consuls in same district. CONSULSHIP (kon'sul-ship), n. Office, or term of office, of a consul. CONSULT (kon-sulf), v. [pr.p. CONSULTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSULT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Ask advice of. 2. Decide or act in favor of. 3. Look up to for information or advice. 4. Dis- cuss; consider. 5. Take measures for the advantage of. II. vi. 1. Consider in com- pany. 2. Take counsel. [L. consulto, freq. of consulo, consult.] CONSULTATION (kon-sul-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of consulting. 2. Meeting, as of physicians or lawyers, for deliberation or conference. CONSULTATIVE (kon-sult'a-tiv), a. Of or per- taining to consultation, especially of bodies taking part in a consultation without voting on the decision. CONSULTER (kon-sult'er), n. One who con- sults. CONSULTING (kon-sult'ing), a. Imparting, or capable of imparting, advice, as a consulting physician. CONSUMABLE (kon-su'ma-bl), a. That may be consumed. CONSUME (kon-sum'), v. [pr.p. CONSU'MING; p.t. and p.p. CONSUMED (kon-sumd').] I. vt. 1. Destroy by wasting, fire, evaporation, etc. 2. Use up. 3. Devour. 4. Waste or spend; exhaust. 5. Wear away mentally. II. vi. Waste away; be exhausted. [L. consumo.] SYN. See EAT. CONSUMER (kon-su'mer), n. One who con- sumes, as opposed to PRODUCER. CONSUMMATE (kon'sum-at or con-sum'St), vt. [pr.p. CONSUMMATING; p.t. and p.p. CON- SUMMATED.] Complete; perfect; finish. [L. consummatus, p.p. of consummo, finish.] CONSUMMATE (kon-sum'at), a. Of the highest degree or quality; perfect; complete. CONSUMMATELY (kon-sum'at-H), adv. Per- fectly; completely. CONSUMMATION (kon-sum-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of consummating. 2. End or completion. CONSUMPTION (kon-sump'shun), n. 1. Act of fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. CONSUMPTIVE 275 CONTEMPTUOUS consuming — the converse of PRODUCTION. 2. State or process of gradual waste and decay. 3. Pathol. Phthisis; tuberculosis. [L. con- eumptio, a consuming, from consumptus, p.p. of consumo, consume.] CONSUMPTIVE (kon-sump'tiv), I. a. 1. Wast- ing away. 2. Inclined to the disease, con- sumption. II. n. Person affected with con- sumption or phthisis. CONSUMPTIVELY (kon-sump'tiv-li), adv. In a manner tending toward consumption. CONSUMPTIVENESS (kon-sump'tiv-nes), n. Tendency to consumption. CONTACT (kon'takt), n. 1. Touching or close union; meeting. 2. Math. Coincidence, as of two curves in two or more successive points. [L. contactus, p.p. of contingo; con-, together, and tango, touch.] STN. Touch; Juxtaposition; junction; contiguity. ANT. Interval; separation; isolation; interruption; disconnection. CONTACTOR (kon'takt-ur), n. Elec. Electric or magnetic device for uniting electric cur- rents. CONTAGION (kon-ta'jun), n. 1. Pathol. Trans- mission of a disease from the sick to the healthy, either by direct contact of a part af- fected with the disease, or through the me- dium of the excretions or exhalations of the body. 2. Pestilent matter of any kind. 3. Communication of anything deleterious to the mind or heart. [L. contagio, a touching, contact.] SYN. Infection. CONTAGIOUS (kon-ta'jus), o. 1. Communica- ting one to another or to others; catching. 2. Transmissible by contact. 3. Transmitting contagion. CONTAGIOUSLY (kon-ta'jus-11), adv. In a con- tagious manner. CONTAGIOUSNESS (kon-ta'jus-nes), n. Quality of being contagious. CONTAIN (kon-tan'), v. [pr.p. CONTAINING; p.t. and p.p. CONTAINED (kon-tand').] I. vt. 1. Hold. 2. Comprise; include. 3. Keep within bounds; restrain. 4. Have capacity for. II. vi. Live in continence. [L. contlneo; from eon-, together, and teneo, hold.] CONTAINABLE (kon-tan'a-bl), a. That may be contained. CONTAINER (kon-tan'er), n. One who or that which contains. CONTAMINABLE (kon-tam'i-na-bl), o. That may be contaminated. CONTAMINATE (kon-tam'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. CON- TAMINATING; p.t. and p.p. CONTAMINA- TED.] Defile by touching or mixing with; pol- lute; corrupt; infect; taint. [L. contamina- tes, p.p. of contamino, defile; from contamen, contagion.] SYN. Pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; stain; corrupt; deprave; infect. ANT. Pu- rify; rectify; reform. CONTAMINATION (kon-tam-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of contaminating or state of being con- taminated. 2. That which contaminates. CONTAMINATIVE (kon-tam'i-na-tiv), o. Hav- ing a tendency to contaminate. CONTEMN (kon-tem'), vt. [pr.p. CONTEM- NING; p.t. and p.p. CONTEMNED (kon- temd').] View with contempt; despise; dis- dain; scorn. [L. contemno, despise.] SYN. Spurn; slight; detest. ANT. Cher- ish; esteem; value. CONTEMNER (kon-tem'ner), n. One who con- temns. CONTEMPLATE (kon'tem-plat or con-tem'- plat), v. [pr.p. CONTEMPLATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'TEMPLATED.] I. vt. 1. Consider or look at attentively. 2. Meditate on or study. 3. Intend. II. vi. Think seriously; meditate. [L. contemplatus, p.p. of contem- plor, observe.] SYN. Behold; observe; study; ponder; muse; intend; design. ANT. Ignore; over- look; waive; abandon. CONTEMPLATION (kon-tem-pla'shun), n. 1. Act or process of contemplating. 2. Faculty of study. CONTEMPLATIVE (kon-tem'pla-tiv), a. Given to contemplation. CONTEMPLATIVELY (kon-tem'pla-t'v-li), adv. In a contemplative manner. CONTEMPLATIVENESS (kon-tem'pla-tiv-nes), n. Quality or condition of being contemplative. CONTEMPLATOR (kon'tem-pla-tur), n. One given to contemplation. CONTEMPORANEOUS (kon-tem-po-ra'ne-us), a. Living, being, or happening at the same time. [L. con-, together, and temporaneus; from tempus, temporis, time.] CONTEMPORANEOUSLY (kon-tem-pd-ra/ne- us-11), adv. Simultaneously. CONTEMPORANEOUSNESS (kon-tem-pd-ra'- ne-us-nes), n. Quality or state of being con- temporaneous. CONTEMPORARY (kon-tem'po-ra-ri), I. a. Contemporaneous. II. n. [pi. CONTEM'- PORARIES.] 1. One who lives at the same time with another. 2. Rival newspaper or magazine. CONTEMPT (kon-tempf), n. 1. Act of con- temning; scorn; disdain. 2. State or condi- tion of being despised or scorned. 3. Law. Offense against the dignity of a court. [L. contemptus; from contemno, despise.] SYN. Derision; mockery; neglect; disre- gard. ANT. Consideration; praise; ap- plause; honor. CONTEMPTIBLE (kon-tempt'i-bl), a. Despic- able; mean; low; vile. CONTE3IPTIBLENESS (kon-tempt'i-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being contemptible. CONTEMPTIBLY (kon-tempt'i-bli), adv. In a contemptible manner; meanly; basely. CONTEMPTUOUS (kon-tempt'u-us), a. Ex- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch- CONTEMPTUOUSLY 276 CONTINENTAL pressing contempt or disdain; scornful; dis- dainful. CONTEMPTUOUSLY (kon-tempt'u-us-li), adv. In a manner expressive of contempt. CONTEND (kon-tend), v. [pr.p. CONTENDING; p.t. and p.p. CONTENDED.] I. vt. Dispute; contest. II. vi. 1. Struggle in emulation or in opposition; strive. 2. Dispute or debate. 3. Urge one's course. [L. contendo; from con-, together, and tendo, stretch.] SYN. Vie; cope; compete; dispute; con- test. ANT. Resign; concede; allow; re- linquish; forego; surrender; waive. CONTENDER (kon-tend'er), n. One who con- tends. CONTENT (kon'tent), n. That which is con- tained in anything, usually in the plural — as the contents of a book, vessel, etc. [L. con- tentus, p.p. of contineo, contain.] CONTENT (kon-tenf), I. a. Having the desires limited by present enjoyment; satisfied. II. n. [ Satisfaction. [L. contentus, contained, hence satisfied.] CONTENT (kon-tenf), vt. [pr.p. CONTENTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTENT'ED.j Meet the wishes of; satisfy; appease; gratify; make content. SYN. Suffice; please; humor. ANT. Dis- satisfy; displease. CONTENTED (kon-tent'ed), a. 1. Satisfied; content. 2. Willing; agreed; resigned. CONTENTEDLY (kon-tent'ed-li), adv. In a con- tented manner. CONTENTEDNESS (kon-tent'ed-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being contented. CONTENTION (kon-ten'shun), n. 1. Violent straining after any object; strife; debate; altercation. 2. Point argued or contended for. 3. Argument supporting point con- tended for. SYN. Struggle; competition; emulation; litigation; quarrel; conflict; feud; dissen- sion; variance; disagreement; discord; dis- pute; debate; controversy. ANT. Concord; agreement; harmony; unanimity. CONTENTIOUS (kon-ten'shus), a. Given or disposed to contention; quarrelsome. CONTENTIOUSLY (kon-ten'shus-li), adv. In a contentious manner. CONTENTIOUSNESS (kon-ten'shus-nes), n. Quality of being contentious. CONTENTMENT (kon-tenf ment), n. State or condition of being contented. CONTERMINAL (kon-ter'mi-nal), a. Conter- minous. CONTERMINOUS (kon-ter'mi-nus), a. 1. Hav- ing a common boundary. 2. Coextensive with in time, substance, etc. [L. conterminus; from con-, together, and fermt«tts,boundary.] CONTEST (kon-test'), v. [pr.p. CONTESTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTEST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Call in question or make the subject of dispute. 2. Strive for. 3. Law. Resist or dispute. II. vi. Engage in strife or contention. [L. con- testor, call to witness; from con-, together, and testor, bear witness; testis, witness.] SYN. Controvert; contend; dispute; de- bate; oppose; argue; litigate. ANT. Ac- quiesce; accept. CONTEST (kon'test), n. Act of contesting; strug- gle for superiority; strife; debate. CONTESTABLE (kon-tesf a-bl), a. That may be contested; disputable. CONTESTANT (kon-tesf ant), n. One who con- tests. CONTESTATION (kon-tes-ta'shun), n. Act of contesting; contest. CONTESTED (kon-test'ed), a. 1. Disputed. 2. Decided by contest. CONTEXT (kon'tekst), n. Portions of a dis- course or treatise which precede and follow a special passage and fix its true meaning. [L. contextus, connection; from con-, together, and texo, weave.] CONTEXTURAL (kon-teks'tu-ral), a. Produ- cing contexture; weaving. CONTEXTURE (kon-teks'tur), n. 1. Inter- woven fabric. 2. Structure or system of anything; texture. CONTIGUITY (kon-tig-gu'i-ti), n. 1. State of being in contact, or very near, or continuous. 2. Psych. Proximity either in place or in time. CONTIGUOUS (kon-tig'u-us), a. Touching; adjoining; near; adjacent. [L. contiguus; from contingo, touch on all sides; con-, wholly, and tango, touch.] CONTIGUOUSLY (kon-tig'u-us-li), adv. In a contiguous manner. CONTIGUOUSNESS (kon-tig'u-us-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being contiguous. CONTINENCE (kon'ti-nens), CONTINENCY (kon'ti-nen-si), n. Self-restraint in the indul- gence of sensual enjoyment; chastity. [L. continentia; from contineo, restrain.] CONTINENT ( kon'ti-nent ), a. Moderate In the indulgence of lawful sensual pleasure; ab- stemious; chaste. CONTINENT (kon'ti-nent), n. One of the six great divisions of the land surface of the globe — Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North America, South America. — The Continent, mainland of Europe, as distinguished from the British islands. [L. continentum; from contineo, hold together; con-, together, and teneo, hold.] CONTINENTAL (kon-ti-nen'tal), a. 1. Per- taining to the continent of Europe. 2. Per- taining to the American colonies confederated during the Revolutionary war, as the Con- tinental Congress. 3. [c-] Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a continent. CONTINENTAL (kon-ti-nen'tal), n. 1. In- habitant of the continent of Europe. 2. Soldier of the American Revolution. 3. Cur- rency note issued under authority of the Con- tinental Congress. 3. [c-] Resident of a con- tinent. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Ipcft. CONTINENTLY 277 CONTRACTED CONTINENTLY (kon'ti-nent-li), adv. In a con- tinent manner; chastely. CONTINGENCE (kon-tin'jens), n. Same as CONTINGENCY. CONTINGENCY (kon-tin'jen-si), n. [pi. CON- TINGENCIES.] 1. State of being contingent. 2. Possibility of coming to pass. 3. For- tuitous event. [L. contingens, pr.p. of con- tingo, touch.] SYN. Fortuity; uncertainty; possibility; casualty; accident; chance; occurrence; event. ANT. Provision; certainty; fate; appointment. CONTINGENT (kon-tin'jent), I. a. 1. Depend- ent on something else. 2. Liable but not cer- tain to happen. 3. Accidental. II. n. 1. Event which is liable but not certain to occur. 2. Quota or proportion, especially of troops. CONTINGENTLY (kon-tin'jent-li), adv. Ac- cidentally; fortuitously. CONTINUABLE (kon-tin'u-a-bl), a. Capable of being continued. CONTINUAL (kon-tin'ti-al), a. 1. Without in- terruption; unceasing. 2. Constantly repeated. CONTINUALLY (kon-tin'ti-al-i), adv. 1. With- out ceasing; incessantly. 2. Quite often; constantly. CONTINUANCE kon-tin'u-ans), n. 1. Dura- tion. 2. Uninterrupted succession. 3. Abode; stay. 4. Law. Postponement of the trial or hearing of a suit or criminal case to another day or term. CONTINUATION (kon-tin-u-a'shun), n. 1. Act of continuing or carrying on without inter- ruption or cessation. 2. Extension or pro- longation. CONTINUATOR (kon-tin'u-a-tur), n. One who continues or keeps up a series or succes- sion. CONTINUE (kon-tin'u), v. [pr.p. CONTINU- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTINUED (kon-tin'ud).] I. vt. 1. Draw out or prolong. 2. Extend or increase in any way. 3. Unite without break. 4. Persist in. 5. Law. Postpone the trial or hearing of. II. vi. 1. Remain. 2. Last; en- dure. 3. Persist; persevere. [L. continuo, con- tinue, last; from continuus, holding together; from con-, together, and teneo, hold.] SYN. Abide; persevere; proceed. ANT. Fail; stop; pause; break; discontinue. CONTINUED (kon-tin'ud), o. 1. Uninter- rupted. 2. Unceasing. 3. Protracted. 4. Extended. 5. Serial, as a continued story. CONTINUER (kon-tin'u-er) n. One who con- tinues, or has the power of persevering. CONTINUITY (kon-ti-nu'i-ti), n. State of being continuous. CONTINUOUS (kon-tin'u-us), o. Joined to- gether without interruption. SYN. Connected; prolonged; extended; unbroken; uninterrupted; continual; in- cessant; constant; unceasing; ceaseless. ANT. Interrupted; broken; disconnected. CONTINUOUSLY (kon-tin'u-us-li), adv. With- out break or interruption. CONTO (kon'to), n. Pg. and Braz. Sum of money equivalent to one million reis. CONTORT (kon-tarf), vt. [pr.p. CONTORTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTORTED.] Twist or turn violently; bend out of shape. [L. contortus, p.p. of contorqueo, writhe or twist together.] CONTORTED (kon-tart'ed), a. Bot. Convoluted, as the arrangement of floral envelopes in buds. CONTORTION (kon-tar'shun), n. 1. Act of twisting or writhing. 2. Any unnatural twist- ing or wryness; flexure. CONTORTIONIST (kon-tar'shun-ist), n. 1. Gymnast who practices contorted postures. 2. One who twists words or phrases. CONTORTIVE (kon-tart'iv), a. Expressive of contortion. CONTOUR (kon-tor'), n. Line that bounds the figure of any object; outline. — Contour lines, lines drawn on a map through points all at the same height above sea-level. [Fr.] CONTRA-, prefix. Against; opposite; contrary. [L- contra, against.] CONTRABAND (kon'tra-band), I. a. Forbidden by proclamation or law; prohibited. II. n. 1. Prohibited or illegal traffic. 2. Contraband goods. — Contraband of war, article that a belligerent has, by the law of nations, the right of preventing a neutral from furnishing to his enemy. [Sp. contrabanda; from L. contra, against, and L.L. bandum, ban.] CONTRABASS (kon'tra-bas), n. Double-bass viol, giving the lower octave to the bass in the orchestra. [It.] CONTRABASSO (kon-tra-bas'6), n. Same as CONTRABASS. CONTRACT (kon-trakf), v. [pr.p. CONTRACT '- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRACTED.] I. vt. 1. Draw together; lessen; shorten. 2. Become affected with; acquire; catch; incur. 3. Es- tablish by contract or agreement. 4. Gram. Shorten, as a word, by omitting a medial letter or letters. II. vi. 1. Shrink. 2. Enter into a contract. 3. Bind one's self by be- trothal. [L. contractus, p.p. of contrdho, draw together; from con-, together, and traho, draw.] SYN. Abridge; abbreviate; retrench; curtail; form; agree. ANT. Expand; am- plify; dilate; elongate; cancel; abrogate; annul. CONTRACT (kon'trakt), n. 1. Agreement be- tween competent persons, on sufficient con- sideration, to do, or abstain from doing, some certain act or acts within some certain time, express or implied. 2. Writing setting forth such agreement, signed by the parties. 3. Act of affiancing or betrothing. SYN. Covenant; agreement; bond. CONTRACTED (kon-trakt'ed), a. 1. Shrunken; knitted. 2. Mean; narrow; selfish. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. CONTRACTEDLY 278 CONTRAST CONTRACTEDLY (kon-trakt'ed-li), adv. In a contracted manner. CONTRACTEDNESS (kon-trakt'ed-nes), n. State of being contracted. CONTRACTIBLE (kon-trakt'i-bl), a. Capable of being contracted. CONTRACTILE (kon-trakt'il), o. Tending or having power to contract. CONTRACTILITY (kon-trak-til'i-ti), n. Ca- pability of contracting or shrinking. CONTRACTION (kon-trak'shun), n. 1. Act of contracting. 2. State of being contracted. 3. That which is contracted. CONTRACTIVE (kon-trakt'iv), a. Tending to contract. CONTRACTOR (kon-trakt'ur), n. 1. One of the parties to a contract. 2. One who engages to execute work or furnish supplies at a fixed rate. 3. Contracting muscle. CONTRACTURE (kon-trak'tur), n. 1. Pathol. Permanent muscular rigidity. 2. In electro- therapeutics, a muscular spasm due to the passage of a current of electricity. CONTRADANCE (kon'tra-dans), n. Dance in which an indefinite number of couples can take part, the gentlemen being arranged at the commencement on one side, and the ladies on the other. [Fr. contredanse.] CONTRADICT (kon-tra-dikf), v. [pr.p. CON- TRAD ICT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRA- DICT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Oppose in words; assert the contrary of; deny. 2. Be contrary to in character; be inconsistent with. II. vi. De- clare anything to be untrue. [L. contradictus, p.p. of contradico, speak against; from con- tra, against, and dico, speak.] CONTRADICTER (kon-tra-dikt'er), n. One who contradicts. CONTRADICTION (kon-tra-dik'shun), n. 1. Act of contradicting. 2. Inconsistency, in- congruity, or disagreement with itself. 3. Contrary statement; denial. 4. That which is self-contradictory, as a statement one part of which contradicts the other. CONTRADICTOR (kon-tra-dikt'fir), n. Con- tradicter. CONTRADICTORILY (kon-tra-dikt'o-ri-li), adv. In a contradictory manner. CONTRADICTORINESS (kon-tra-dikt'o-ri-nes), n. Quality of being contradictory. CONTRADICTORY (kon-tra-dikt'o-ri), I. a. 1. Affirming the contrary. 2. Inconsistent. II. n. [pi. CONTRADICT'ORIES.] Logic. Prop- osition which denies or opposes another in all its terms; inconsistency; contrariety. CONTRADISTINCT (kon-tra-dis-tingkf), a. Having opposite qualities. [CONTRA- and DISTINCT.] CONTRADISTINCTION (kon-tra-dis-tingk'- shun), n. Distinction by contrast. CONTRADISTINCTIVE(kon-tra-dis-tingkt'-iv), a. Distinguishing by opposite qualities. CONTRADISTINGUISH (kon-tra-dis-ting'- gwish), vt. [pr.p. CONTRADISTINGUISHING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRADISTINGUISHED (kon-tra-dis-ting'gwisht).] Distinguish by a quality not merely differential but opposite. CONTRAINDICANT ( kon-tra-in'di-kant ), n. Pathol. Symptom that forbids the usual treat- ment. CONTRAINDICATE (kon-tra-in'di-kat), vt. [pr. p. CONTRAIN'DICATING; p.t. and p.p. CON- TRAIN'DICATED.] Pathol. Indicate a differ- ent or contrary (treatment). CONTRAINDICATION (kon-tra-in-di-ka'shun), n. Pathol. Contraindicant. CONTRALTO (kon-tral'to), n. Music. 1. Deep- est kind of female voice, or that part in the score whose range of tones lies between tenor and soprano. 2. Contralto singer. [It.; from L. contra, against, and altus, high.] CONTRAPLEX (kon'tra-pleks), a. Transmitting two messages simultaneously from opposite ends of the line, as contraplex telegraphy. [L. contra, against, and plico, fold.] CONTRAPTION (kon-trap'shun), n. Device or contrivance. (Colloq.) CONTRARIES (kon'tra-riz), n.pl. Logic. Prop- ositions which are contradictory to and destroy each other; as, "Every A is B," and "no A is B." The falseness of either of the propositions does not establish the truth of the other. [See CONTRARY, n.] CONTRARIETY (kon-tra-ri'e-ti), n. [pi. CON- TRARIETIES.] 1. State of being contrary or opposed. 2. Inconsistency. CONTRARILY (kon'tra-ri-li), adv. In a con- trary manner. CONTRARINESS (kon'tra-ri-nes), n. Quality or state of being contrary. CONTRARIWISE (kon'tra-ri-wiz), adv. 1. On the contrary; on the other hand. 2. Con- versely. CONTRARY (kon'tra-ri), a. 1. Antagonistic; opposing; repugnant. 2. Perverse; capri- cious. 3. Opposite in direction. 4. Logic. Opposed in quality; destructively antagonistic. [L. eontrarius; from contra, against.] SYN. Contradictory; incompatible; op- posite; incongruous; different. ANT. Agreeing; accordant; compatible; conso- nant. CONTRARY (kon'tra-ri), n. [pi. CON'TRARIES.] I. Thing of opposite qualities. 2. Contrary proposition — usually in the plural; see CON- TRARIES. — The contrary, the opposite. CONTRARY (kon-tra'ri), vt. [pr.p. CONTRA'RY- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRARIED (kon-tra'- rid).] Act or do the opposite to the wishes of. CONTRAST (kon-trasf), v. [pr.p. CONTRAST- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRASTED.] I. vt. Set in opposition so as to show unlikeness or the superior excellence of one to the other. II. vi. Stand in contrast. [Fr. contr aster} from L. contra, against, and sto, stand.] CONTRAST (kon'trast), n. 1. Opposition or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CONTRATENOR 279 CONTUMACIOUS unllkeness in things compared. 2. Exhibi- tion of differences. 3. Thing contrasted. CONTRATENOR (kon'tra-ten-iir), n. Same as COUNTER-TENOR. CONTRAVENE (kon-tra-ven'), vt. [pr.p. CON- TRA VE'NING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRAVENED (kon-tra-vend').] Come in opposition or con- flict with; oppose; obstruct; hinder. [L. con- travenio; from contra, against, and venio, come.] SYN. Counteract; countervail; thwart. ANT. Abet; subserve; encourage; aid; sus- tain; uphold. CONTRAVENTION (kon-tra-ven'shun), n. Act of contravening. CONTRE-, prefix. Against; counter; in oppo- sition. [Fr.; from L. contra, against.] CONTRETEMPS (kang-tr-tang'), n. Something happening inopportunely or at the wrong time; embarrassing situation. [Fr. contre, against, and temps, time or occasion.] CONTRIBUTE (kon-trib'ut), v. [pr.p. CON- TRIBUTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRIBUTED.] I. vt. 1. Give along with others. 2. Give for a common purpose or to promote some inter- est or cause. 3. Furnish for publication in a newspaper or periodical. II. vi. Give or bear a part; assist or bear a share in any design. [L. con-, together, and tribuo, give.] SYN. Supply; subscribe; bestow; con- duce; minister; donate. ANT. Withhold; refuse. CONTRIBUTION (kon-trl-bu'shun), n. 1. Act of contributing. 2. That which is contrib- uted. CONTRIBUTIVE (kon-trib'u-tiv), a. Contrib- utory. CONTRIBUTOR (kon-trib'u-tur), n. One who contributes. CONTRIBUTORY (kon-trib'u-to-ri), a. 1. Sub- ject to contribution. 2. Contributing. CONTRITE (kon'trit), a. Deeply sorry for sin; thoroughly penitent. [L. contritus, bruised; from contero, bruise.] CONTRITELY (kon'trit-li), adv. In a contrite manner. CONTRITENESS (kon'trit-nes), n. Quality or state of being contrite. CONTRITION (kon-trish'un), n. Deep sorrow for sin; penitence. SYN. Sorrow; repentance; penitence; compunction; remorse. ANT. Impenitence; callousness; obduracy; relentlessness. CONTRIVABLE (kon-tri'va-bl), a. Possible to be contrived. CONTRIVANCE (kon-tri'vans), n. 1. Act of contriving. 2. Thing contrived; invention; design; device; artifice. SYN. Arrangement; agency; device; in- vention; mechanism; tool; machine; means; Instrument; plan; scheme. CONTRIVE (kon-trlv'), v. [pr.p. CONTRI'VING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRIVED (kon-trivd').] !• vt. 1. Plan; devise; invent; design. 2. Bring about or effect; manage. II. vi. Form de- signs; plot; scheme. [O. Fr. controver; from con-, with, and trover, find.] CONTRIVER (kon-tri'ver), n. One who con- trives; schemer; manager. CONTROL (kon-trol'), n. 1. Check; restraint. 2. Authority; command. 3. Aviation. Small flat plane surface extending forward or back of an aeroplane, used to prevent the rise or fall of the machine; elevator. [Fr. control e; from contre-role, duplicate register.] SYN. Direction; superintendence, guid- ance; management; oversight. CONTROL (kon-trol'),««. [pr.p. CONTROLLING; p.t. and p.p. CONTROLLED (kon-trdld').] Exercise control over; restrain; govern; direct. SYN. Rule; check; curb; overpower; counteract; command; superintend; man- age; regulate; coerce. ANT. Submit; com- ply; yield. CONTROLLABLE (kon-trol'a-b 1 )* a. Capable of, or subject to, control. CONTROLLER (kon-trol'er), ro. 1. One who or that which controls. 2. Officer who checks the accounts of others by a counter-roll or register. 3. Elec Switching mechan- ism for controlling the speed of a motor or motors. CONTROLLERSHIP ( k o n - trol'er-ship), n. Office or position of a controller. CONTROLMENT (kon-trdl'ment), or power of controlling. 2. controlled. CONTROVERSIAL (kon-tro-ver'shal), a. Re- lating to controversy. CONTROVERSIALIST (kon-tro-ver'shal-Ist), n. One given to controversy. CONTROVERSIALLY (kon-tro-ver'shal-i),ad«. In a controversial manner. CONTROVERSION (kon-tro-ver'shun), n. *ct of turning in opposite or contrary direction. CONTROVERSY (kon'tro-ver-sl), n. [pi. CON- TROVERSIES.] Dispute ; debate ; disputation ; altercation. [L. controversial from contra, against, and versus, p.p. of verto, turn.] CONTROVERT (kon-tro-verf), vt. [pr.p. CON- TROVERTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTROVERT- ED.] Oppose in reasoning; call in question or deny; argue against; dispute and endeavor to refute. [L. contra, against, and verto, turn.] SYN. Invalidate; overturn. CONTROVERTER (kon-tro-vSrt'er), n. One who controverts. CONTROVERTIBLE (kon-tro-vgrt'i-bl), a. Admitting of question or dispute; disputable. CONTROVERTIBLY (kon-tro-vert'i-bli), adv. In a controvertible manner. CONTUMACIOUS (kon-tu-ma'shus), a. Oppo- sing lawful authority with contempt; obsti- Controller. 1. Act State of being fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " VL-a in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA, in Scotch loch. CONTUMACY 280 CONVERSABLE nate; stubborn. [L. contumax; from con-, to- gether, and tutneo, swell.] CONTUMACY (kon'tu-ma-si), n. [pi. CONTU- MACIES.] 1. Stubborn opposition to lawful authority; unyielding obstinacy. 2. Law. Willful contempt of court. [L. contumacia; from contumax, contumacious, stubborn.] CONTUMELIOUS (kon-tu-me'li-us), o. Offen- sively haughty; insolent. CONTUMELY (kon'tu-me-li), n. [pi. CON'- TUMELIES.] Insolence; insult; contemp- tuous language or treatment. [L. contumelia, insult.] SYN. Indignity; affront; abuse; oppro- brium; scorn; disdain; disrespect; obloquy. ANT. Flattery; adulation; regard; respect. CONTUSE (kon-tuz'), vt. [pr.p. CONTU'SING; p.t. and p.p. CONTUSED (con-tuzd').] 1. Bruise by beating or pounding. 2. Bruise without breaking the skin. [L. contusus, p.p. of contundo, beat together.] CONTUSION (kon-tu'zhun), n. 1. Act of bruis- ing. 2. State of being bruised. 3. Bruise. CONUNDRUM (ko-nun'drum), n. 1. Sort of riddle containing some odd or fanciful resem- blance between things quite unlike. 2. Any puzzling question. [Etym. doubtful, prob- ably from L. conandum, thing to be attempted, from conor, attempt.] CONVALESCE (kon-va-les'), vi. [pr.p. CON- VALESCING; p.t. and p.p. CONVALESCED (kon-va-lest').] Regain health; become con- valescent. |L. convalesco, grow strong.] CONVALESCENCE (kon-va-les'ens), n. Grad- ual recovery of health and strength. CONVALESCENCY (kon-va-les'en-si), n. Con- valescence. CONVALESCENT (kon-va-les'ent), I. a. Grad- ually recovering health. II. n. One recover- ing health. CoNVALLARIA (kon-va-la'ri-a), n. Genus of liliaceous plants, its only species the lily-of-the- valley (C. majalis). [L. convallis, sheltered valley.] CONVECTION (kon-vek'shun), n. Act of con- veying, especially of heat, through liquids or gases, by motion of the parts, as distinguished from CONDUCTION. [L. ; from con-, with, and vcho, carry.] CONVECTIVE (kon-vek'tiv), a. Pertaining to, or caused by, convection. CONVENABLE (kon-ve'na-bl), a. Capable of being convened. CONVENE (kon-ven'), v. [pr.p. CONVE'NING; p.t. and p.p. CONVENED (kon-vend').] I. vt. 1. Call together; convoke. 2. Summon to appear. II. vi. Come together; assemble. [L. convenio, come together; from con-, to- gether, and venio, come.] CONVENER (kon-ve'ner), n. One who con- venes. CONVENIENCE (kon-ve'nyens), n. 1. State or quality of being convenient. 2. Any partic- ular domestic accommodation. 3. Fitness of time or place. CONVENIENCY (kon-ve'nyen-si), n. [pi. CON- VE'NIENCIES.] Same as CONVENIENCE. CONVENIENT (kon-ve'nyent), a. 1. Affording convenience or accommodation. 2. Handy; easy to make use of. 3. Opportune. [L. conveniens, pr.p. of convenio, come together.] CONVENIENTLY (kon-ve'nyent-li), adv. In a convenient manner. CONVENT (kon'vent), n. 1. Association of per- sons secluded from the world and devoted to a religious life. 2. House in which they live; monastery or nunnery. [L. conventus, as- sembly; from convenio, come together.] CONVENTICLE (kon-ven'ti-kl), n. 1. As- sembly or meeting. 2. Formerly, a meeting of English non-conformists. [L. conventic- ulum, small assemblage; dim. of conventus, assembly.] CONVENTION (kon-ven'shun), n. 1. Assembly, especially of representatives or delegates for some common object. 2. Any extraordinary assembly called upon any special occasion. 3. Any temporary treaty. 4. Established usage ; fashion. [L. conventio; from conventus, p.p. of convenio, convene.] CONVENTIONAL (kon-ven'shun-al), a. 1. Formed by convention; stipulated. 2. Grow- ing out of tacit agreement or custom; cus- tomary; formal. 3. Agreeable to accepted standards. 4. Agreeable to contract. CONVENTIONALISM (kon-ven'shun-al-izm), n. 1. Conventional phrases, form, or custom. 2. Adherence to conventional rules and prec- edents; conventionality. CONVENTIONALITY (kon-ven-shun-al'i-ti), n. [pi. CONVENTIONALITIES.] 1. State of being conventional. 2. That which is estab- lished by use or custom. CONVENTIONALIZE (kon-ven'shun-al-Iz), vt. [pr.p. CONVENTIONALIZING; p.t. and p.p. CONVENTIONALIZED (kon-ven'shun-aMzd) .] Render conventional. CONVENTIONALLY (kon-ven'shun-al-i), adv. In a conventional manner. CONVENTUAL (kon-ven'tu-al), I. a. Pertain- ing to a convent. II. n. Member of a convent; monk or nun. CONVERGE (kon-verj'), v. [pr.p. CONVER'- GING; p.t. and p.p. CONVERGED (kon-verjd').] I. vt. Cause to tend to one point. II. vi. Tend to one point — opposed to DIVERGE. [L. con-, together, and vergo, incline.] CONVERGENCE (kon-vgr'Jens), n. Act, state, or quality of converging. CONVERGENCY (kon-ver'jen-si), n. Conver- gent. CONVERGENT (kon-ver'jent), a. Tending to one point. CONVERSABLE (kon-vers'a-bl), a. Qualified for conversation; disposed to converse; socia- ble. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. CONVERSABLENESS 281 CONVICT CONVERSABLENESS (kon-vers'a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being conversable. CONVERSABLY (kon-vers'a-bli), adv. In a conversable manner. CONVERSANCE (kon'ver-sans), n. State of being conversant; familiarity. CONVERSANT (kon'ver-sant), a. 1. Well ac- quainted with through study or use; versed; proficient. 2. Having relation or converse with. 3. Concerned or occupied. CONVERSATION (kon-ver-sa'shun), n. 1. Familiar discourse; colloquy. 2. Subject on which persons converse. 3. Intercourse. [Fr. ; from L. conversatio, intercourse; from con- venor, live with.] SYN. Discourse; dialogue; talk; chat; conference; confabulation. ANT. Solilo- quy; monologue; silence. CONVERSATIONAL (kon-ver-sa'shun-al), a. Pertaining to conversation. CONVERSATIONALIST (kon-ver-sa'shun-al- ist), n. One who excels In conversation. CONVERSATIONALLY (kon-ver-sa'shun-al-i), adv. In a conversational way; colloquially. CONVERSAZIONE (kon-ver-sat-si-o'na), n. [pi. CONVERSAZIONI ( kon-ver-sat-si-6'ne).] Meeting for conversation, particularly on literary subjects. [It.] CONVERSE (kon-vers'), vi. [pr.p. CONVERS'- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVERSED (kon-verst').] 1. Talk together familiarly; engage in con- versation. 2. Have intercourse. [L. conversor, live with.] CONVERSE (kon'vers), n. 1. Conversation. 2. Familiar intercourse. CONVERSE (kon'v6rs), I. a. Reversed in order or relation. II. n. 1. That which is the op- posite of another. 2. Logic. Proposition converted or turned about — i. e., one in which the subject and predicate have changed places. 3. Math. Inverted proposition. [L. conversus, p.p. of converto, turn about.] CONVERSELY (kon'vers-li), adv. In reverse order. CONVERSION (kon-ver'shun), n. 1. Act of converting. 2. State or condition of being converted. CONVERT (kon-verf), vt. [pr.p. CONVERT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVERT'ED.] 1. Change or turn from one thing, condition, or religion to another. 2. Change from an irreligious to a holy life. 3. Alter, as one thing into another. 4. Exchange for some equivalent. 5. Apply to a particular purpose. 6. Divert from the proper or legitimate use; appropriate. [L. converto; from con-, with, and verto, turn.] SYN. Change; alter; turn; transmute; transform; apply. CONVERT (kon'vert), n. Person who has been converted. CONVERTER (kon-vert'er), n. 1. One who converts. 2. Vessel in which materials are changed from one condition to another, used Convexo- convex. 1. Body rounding outwardly 2. Convex surface; convexity, rounded off; from conveho, from con-, together, and In the manufacture of steel. 3. Elec. Trans- former. CONVERTIBILITY (kon-v§rt-i-bil'i-ti),n. Qual- ity of being convertible. CONVERTIBLE (kon-vert'i-bl), a. 1. Capable of being converted. 2. Interchangeable. CONVERTIBLENESS (kon-vert'i-bl-nes), n. Convertibility. CONVERTIBLY (kon-vgrt'i-bli), adv. By con- version or interchange. CONVEX(kon'- veks), I. a. Curved out- 1 wardly, like the surface of a sphere — op- posed to CON- CAVE. II. n. Into a curve. [L. convexus, carry together; veho, carry.] CONVEXED (kon'vekst), a. Made convex. CONVEXEDLY (kon-veks'ed-li), adv. In a convex form. CONVEXITY (kon-veks'i-ti), n. 1. State or quality of being convex. 2. Convex surface. CONVEXLY (kon'veks-li), adv. Convexedly. CONVEXNESS (kon'veks-nes), n. Convexity. CONVEXO-CONCAVE (kon-veks'o-kon'kav), a- Convex on one side, and concave on the other. CONVEXO-CONVEX (kon-veks'6-kon'veks), a. Convex on both sides. CONVEXO-PLANE (kon-veks'6-plan), a. Con- vex on one side and plane on the other; plano- convex. CONVEY (kon-va'), vt. [pr.p. CONVEY'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVEYED (kon-vad').] 1. Transport from one place to another; carry; transmit. 2. Impart; communicate, as Ideas. 3. Law. Transfer or pass the title to by deed, assignment, or otherwise. [O. Fr. conveier; from L. con-, and via, way.] CONVEYABLE (kon-va 'a-bl), a. Capable of being conveyed. CONVEYANCE (kon-va'ans), n. 1. Act of con- veying. 2. Means of conveying. 3. Vehicle of any kind. 4. Law. Act of transferring title to property by deed, assignment, etc. 5. Writing which transfers the title; deed; assignment, etc. CONVEYANCER (kon-va'an-ser), n. One whose business is drawing deeds and other writings for the conveyance of property. CONVEYANCING (kon-va'an-sing), n. Business of a conveyancer. CONVEYER (kon-va'er), n. 1. One who carries or transmits anything from one person or place to another. 2. Any medium or channel for the conveyance or transmission of any- thing. CONVICT (kon-vikf), vt. [pr.p. CONVICT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVICT'ED.] 1. Prove guilty; fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. CONVICT 282 COOKY pronounce guilty after a trial in court. 2. Prcve or show clearly by proof or evidence. 3. Convince of sin. [L. convictus, p.p. of con- vinco, overcome by proof.] CONVICT (kon'vikt), n. One convicted or found guilty of a crime, especially one who has been condemned to penal servitude. CONVICTION (kon-vik'shun), n. 1. Act of con- victing or finding guilty. 2. Act of convin- cing. 3. Strong belief or persuasion. 4. Theol. State or condition of being consciously con- victed of sin. 5. Law. State of being found guilty by a legal tribunal. CONVINCE (kon-vins'), vt. [pr.p. CONVINCING ; p.t. and p.p. CONVINCED (kon-vinst').] Satisfy by evidence or proof; persuade to conviction or belief. [L. convinco; from con-, with, and vinco, conquer.] SVN. Convict; persuade. ANT. Puzzle; perplex. CONVTNCER (kon-vin'ser), n. One who con- vinces. CONVINCIBLE (kon-vin'si-bl), a. Capable of being convinced. CONVINCING (kon-vin'sing), a. Producing conviction; satisfying; conclusive. CONVINCINGLY (kon-vin'sing-li), adv. In a convincing manner. CONVIVIAL (kon-viv'i-aD, a. Relating to a feast; festive; social. [L. convivialis; from convivium, feast; from con-, together, and vivo, live.] CONVIVIALITY (kon-viv-i-al'i-ti), n. [pi. CONVIVIALITIES.] 1. Disposition to con- vivial habits. 2. Festivity. CONVIVIALLY (kon-viv'i-al-i), adv. In a con- vivial manner. CONVOCATION (kon-vo-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of convoking. 2. Ecclesiastical assembly, espe- cially in the Church of England. CONVOKE (kon-vok'), vt. [pr.p. CONVO'KING; p.t. and p.p. CONVOKED (kon-vokt').] Call together by authoritative summons. [L. con- voco; from con-, together, and voco, call.] SYN. Call; convene; assemble; summon; collect. ANT. Prorogue; adjourn; dis- solve; disperse; dismiss. CONVOLUTE (kon'vo-lot), CONVOLUTED (kon'vo-lot-ed), a. Rolled together, or one part on the other. [L. convolutus, p.p. of con- volvo, roll together.] CONVOLUTION (kon-vo-16'shun), n. 1. Act of convolving. 2. State of being convolved. 3. Fold or winding. 4. Anat. One of the numerous smooth and tortuous foldings of the brain. CONVOLVE (kon-volv'), v. [pr.p. CONVOLV- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVOLVED (kon-volvd').] I. vt~ Roll together, or one part on another. II. vi. Fold or wind upon itself. [L. convolvo; from con-, together, and volvo, roll.] CONVOLVED (kon-volvd'), a. Rolled or folded together, or one part on another. Bot. Convolvulus. Convolvulus (kon-voi'vu-ius), 1. Genus of twining plants of the bind- weed family, having large trumpet-shaped flowers. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus; bind- weed. [L.; from con- volvo, roll together.] CONVOY (kon-voi'), vt. [pr.p. CONVOY'ING; p.t. and p.p. CON- VOYED (kon-void').] Accompany for protec- tion; act as convoy to. [Fr. convoy er.] CONVOY (kon'voy), n. 1. Act of convoying. 2. Protecting force, ship, etc., accompanying goods or ships from place to place, either by sea or land. 3. Ship or property convoyed. CONVULSE (kon-vuls'), vt. [pr.p. CONVULS'- ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVULSED (kon-vulst').] Affect with convulsions or irregular spasms; agitate greatly. [L. convulsus, p.p. of con- vello, pluck.] CONVULSION (kon-vul'shun), n. 1. Violent and involuntary spasmodic contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion, commotion, or agitation. CONVULSIVE (kon-vuls'iv), a. Attended with convulsions; spasmodic. CONVULSIVELY (kon-vuls'iv-li), adv. In a convulsive manner. CONY (ko'ni), n. [pi. CO'NIES.] 1. Rabbit. 2. Rock-badger. 3. Burbot, a fish that lurks in holes like a rabbit. [O. Fr. conin; from L. cuniculus, rabbit.] COO (ko), v. [pr.p. COO'ING; p.t. and p.p. COOED (kod).] I. vi. 1. Make the sound as of a dove. 2. Act in a loving way; usually in phrase, to "bill and coo." II. vt. Utter in a soothing manner; as, coo a lullaby. [From the sound.] COO (ko), n. [pi. COOS (koz).] Characteristic noise made by doves; any similar sound. COOER (ko'er), n. One who or that which coos. COOK (kpk), v. [pr.p. COOKING; p.t. and p.p. COOKED (kokt).] I. vt. 1. Prepare, as food, by boiling, roasting, etc. 2. Concoct or pre- pare so as to present a false or fraudulent appearance or result. II. vi. Engage in the business, or do the work, of a cook. [L. coquo, cook.] COOK (kok), n. One whose business is to cook. COOK-BOOK (kok'bok), n. Book of recipes for cooking; cookery book. COOKER (kQk'er), n. Combined stove and kettle, or some similar device, for cooking food. COOKERY (kok'er-i), n. [pi. COOK'ERIES.] 1. Art or practice of cooking. 2. Place for cooking. COOKY (kok'i), n. [pi. COOK'IES.] Small sweet cake. [Dut. koekje, dim. of koek, cake.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but. *niru. \i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. COOL 283 COPE COOL (kol), v. [pr.p. COOLING; p.t. and p.p. COOLED (kold).] I. vt. 1. Reduce the tem- perature of. 2. Allay or moderate, as heat excitement, passion, or zeal. II. vi. Grow cool. [A. S. cdlian, become cool; from col, cool.] COOL (kol), n. Moderate temperature; coolness. COOL (kttl), a. 1. Moderately cold. 2. Free from excitement. 3. Indifferent. 4. Im- pudent. 5. chilling. [A. S. col.] SYN. Coldish; lukewarm; calm; dispas- sionate; self-possessed; composed; indiffer- ent; unconcerned; apathetic; chilling; frig- id; impudent. ANT. Hot; warm; ardent; eager; hearty; excited; deferential. COOLER (kol'er), n. 1. Anything that cools. 2. Vessel which in something is cooled or kept cool. 3. Jail or lockup. (Colloq.) COOL-HEADED (kol'hed-ed), a. Not easily excited; self-possessed. COOLIE, COOLT (ko'li), n. [pi. COO'LIES.] East Indian, Chinese, or other Asiatic laborer. [Hind, hull, laborer.] COOLISH (kol'ish), a. Somewhat cool. COOLLY (kol'i), adv. In a cool manner. COOLNESS (kol'nes), n. 1. Moderate degree of cold. 2. State of being cool. COON (kon), n. 1. Short for RACCOON. 2. Negro. (Colloq.) COOP (kop), n. Box or cage for fowls, usually with slats, bars, or wire netting on one side. [A. S. cypa, basket.] COOP (kop), vt. [pr.p. COOP'ING; p.t. and p.p. COOPED (kopt).] 1. Place in a coop. 2. Con- fine or shut up in a narrow compass. COOPER (kop'er), n. One who makes tubs, casks, etc. [L. cupa, tub.] COOPER (kop'er), v. [pr.p. COOPERING; p.t. and p.p. COOPERED (kop'erd).] I. vt. Oper- ate as a cooper upon. II. vi. Do the work of a cooper; make and repair casks, barrels, etc. COOPERAGE (kop'er-aj), n. 1. Work or work- shop of a cooper. 2. Sum paid for a cooper's work. COOPERATE (ko-op'er-at), vi. [pr.p. COOP'- ERATING; p.t. and p.p. COOPERATED.] 1. Work together for a common object. 2. Unite in producing the same effect. [CO- and OPERATE.] COOPERATION (ko-op-er-a'shun), n. 1. Joint action. 2. Profit-sharing. COOPERATIVE (ko-op'er-a-tiv), a. Working conjointly for a common end, or the promo- tion of the general advantage. COOPERATOR (ko-op'er-a-tur), n. One who cooperates. COOPERING (kop'er-ing), n. Occupation of a cooper. COORDINATE (ko-ar'di-nat), v. [pr.p. COOR'- DINATING; p.t. and p.p. COORDINATED.] I. vt. Arrange in due relation or harmoni- ous! ; adjust or harmonize. II. vi. Be adjusted; harmonize. [CO-, and L. ordinafus, p.p. of ordino, arrange in order; from ordo, order.] COORDINATE (ko-ar'di-nat), a a 1. Holding the same order or rank; of equal rank or author- ity. 2. Math. Of or pertaining to coordi- nates. COORDINATE (ko-ar'di-nat), n. 1. Person or thing of the same rank, authority, or impor- tance. 2. Math. Each of a system of two or more magnitudes used to define the posi- tion of a point, line, or plane, by reference to a fixed system of lines, points, etc. COORDINATELY (ko-ar'di-nat-li), adv. In a coordinate manner. COORDINATION (ko-ar-di-na'shun), n. 1. Act of coordinating. 2. State or quality of being coordinate. COORDINATIVE ( ko-ar'di-na-tiv ), a. Indica- ting coordination. COOT(kot),n. Short- tailed water-fowl, with characteris- tic white spot — an extension of the bill — on the forehead; hence called bald, as in the phrase, "bald as a coot." [Dut. koet.] Coot (Fulica Americana). COP (kop), n. 1. Top or summit of anything. 2. Conical ball of thread on the spindle of a spinning machine. [A. S.] COP (kop), COPPER (kop'er), n. Policeman. (Slang.) COPAIBA (ko-pa'ba), n. Med. Balsam obtained from a South American tree, the Copaifera multijuga. [Sp.; from Braz. cupauba.] COPAL (ko'pal), n. Resinous substance used in varnishes. [Sp.; from Mex. copalli, resins generally.] COPARCENARY (ko-par'sen-a-ri), n. Partner- ship in heirship. COPARCENER (ko-par'sen-er), n. Coheir to an estate. [CO- and PARCENER.] COPARCENY (ko-par'sen-i), n. Equal share as of copartners; coparcenary. COPART (ko'part), n. Corresponding equal part. COPARTNER (ko-part'ner), n. Joint partner; partner or associate in any business or transaction. COPARTNERSHIP (ko-part'ner-ship), n. Part- nership. COPARTNERY (ko-part'ner-i), n. State of being a copartner. COPE (kop), n. 1. Anything arching overhead; canopy of heaven. 2. Arch over a doorway. 3. Coping. 4. Ecclesiastical vestment resem- bling a cloak. 5. Founding. Top part of a mold. [From root of CAP.] COPE (kop), v. [pr.p. CO'PING; p.t. and p.p. COPED (kopt).] I. vt. 1. Dress in or cover fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. COPE 284 COPY with a cope. 2. Furnish with a cope or co- ping. II. vi. Form an arch. COPE (kop), vi. [pr.p. CO'PING; p.t. and p.p. COPED (kopt).] Vie with, especially on equal terms or successfully; enter into a hos- tile contest: match. [Fr. couper; from L. cola- plius, blow with the fist.] COPECK, KOPECK (ko'pek), n. Russian cop- per coin, worth from a half to three-fourths of a cent. [Russ.] COPENHAGEN (ko-pen-ha'gen), n. City, capi- tal of Denmark, on island of Zealand. COPERNICAN (ko-per'ni-kan), a. Pertaining to Copernicus, the famous Prussian astronomer (1473-1543), or to his system making the sun the center of the solar system. COPE-STONE (kop'ston), n. Arch. Head or top stone. COPHOSIS (ko-fd'sis), n. Pathol. Total deafness. [Gr.; from kophos, deaf.] COPIER (kop'i-er), n. 1. One who copies or transcribes; copyist. 2. One who imitates another. COPING (ko'ping), n. Course of masonry top- ping a wall. COPIOUS (ko'pi-us), a. 1. Plentiful; abundant; overflowing. 2. Extensive; wide; compre- hensive. 3. Fluent; varied; rich in thoughts or language. [L. copiosus; from copia, plenty.] SYN. Ample; plenteous; rich; full; ex- uberant; profuse. ANT. Scant; deficient; sparing. COPIOUSLY (ko'pi-us-li), adv. In a copious manner. COPIOUSNESS ( ko'pi-us-nes ), n. State or quality of being copious. COPPER (kop'er), w. 1. Moderately hard, sono- rous, ductile and malleable metal, of a char- acteristic reddish-brown color. 2. Vessel made of copper. 3. Coin made of copper; cent. 4. Copperplate. 5. Policeman. (Slang.) [L. cuprum, a contraction of Cuprium &s, "Cyprian brass," because found in Cyprus.] COPPER (kop'er), vt. [pr.p. COPPERING; p.t. and p.p. COPPERED (kop'erd).] 1. Cover with copper. 2. Play Contrarily; bet against (Colloq). COPPERAS (kop'er-as), n. Chem. Sulphate of iron, used in dyeing black, or making ink. tO. Fr. coperose; probably from cupri rosa, rose of copper.] COPPER -FACED (kop'er-fasd), a. Coated or cover- ed with copper. COPPERHEAD (kop'er-hed), n. 1. Venomous spe- cies of the A- merican moccasin snake. 2. Op- probrious name for northern sympathizer with the South in the American civil war. Copperhead (Trigoncophalus contortrix). Copt. COPPERISH (kop'er-ish), a. Coppery. COPPERPLATE (kop'er-plat), n. 1. Plate of polished copper on which something has been engraved for printing. 2. Impression taken from the plate. COPPERSMITH (kop'er-smith), n. Smith who works in copper. COPPERWORM (kop'er-wurm), n. Ship- worm. COPPERY (kop'er-i), a. Pertaining to, con- taining, made of, or resembling copper. COPPICE (kop'is), COPSE (kops), n. Thicket of brushwood. [O. Fr. copeiz, wood newly cut.] COPRA (kop'ra), n. Dried kernel of the cocoanut. [Pg; from Malay.] COPSE (kops), n. Clump or cluster of thicket or brush- wood. COPT (kopt), n. One of the Christian descendants of the ancient Egyptians. The Copts in Egypt number about 150,000. COPTIC (kop'tik), n. Lan- guage of Copts, the Christian descendants of the ancient Egyptians. COPULA (kop'u-la), n. 1. That which joins together; bond; bond or tie. 2. Gram. Word that joins or couples together two words in the relation of a subject and a predicate; specif- ically the verb BE in all its forms. [L., band or link.] COPULAR (kop'u-lar), a. Of or pertaining to a copula. COPULATE (kop'u-lat), v. [pr.p. COP'ULA- TING; p.t. and p.p. COP'ULATED.] I. vt. Couple together. II. vi. Have sexual inter- course; couple; pair. [L. copulatus, p.p. of copula join; from copula, band or link.] COPULATION (kop-u-la'shun), n. Act of cop- ulating. COPULATIVE (kop'u-la-tiv), I. a. Uniting. II. n. Gram. Conjunction that unites ideas as well as words. COPULATORY (kop'u-la-to-ri), a. 1. Copu- lative; uniting. 2. Pertaining to copulation. COPY (kop'i), n. [pi. COP'IES.] 1. Transcript or impression frcm an original. 2. Pattern or model given for imitation. 3. Anything made in imitation of another. 4. One of a number of books, papers, etc., exactly the same. 5. Manuscript or printed matter ready for or given to a compositor to be set up in type. [Fr. copie; from L. copia, plenty; in L. L., a transcript.] COPY (kop'i), v. [pr.p. COP'YING; p.t. and p.p. COPIED (kop'id).] I. vt. Write, paint, etc., after an original; imitate; reproduce; tran- scribe. II. vi. 1. Make a copy. 2. Admit of being copied or reproduced. SYN. Counterfeit; forge; plagiarize; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COPY-BOOK 385 CORDIAL model; personate; feign; simulate. ANT. Alter; distort; pervert. COPT-BOOK (kop'i-bok), n. Book in which copies are written or printed for imitation. COPYEK (kop'i-er), n. Same as COPIER. COPYGRAPH (kop'i-graf), n. Any device for manifolding or multiplying a writing or draw- ing. COPYINGPRESS (kop'i-ing-pres), n. Machine for copying letters and other writings under pressure. COPYIST (kop'i-ist), n. One whose business is to copy documents; copier. COPYRIGHT (kop'i-rit), n. Exclusive right secured by law to authors, artists and owners, of publishing and selling for a limited time their literary and artistic productions. COPYRIGHT (kop'i-rit), vt. [pr.p. COPY- RIGHTING; p.t. and p.p. COPYRIGHTED.] Obtain a copyright on, as to copyright a book. COQUET (ko-ket ), v. [pr.p. COQUET'TING; p.t. and p.p. COQUET'TED.] I. vt. 1. Trifle with in love; flirt with. 2. Dally with. II. vi. Act the coquette; flirt. [Fr. coqueter, strut.] COQUETRY (koket-ri), n. [pi. CO'QUETRIES.] 1. Quality of being coquettish. 2. Act of coquetting. COQUETTE (ko-kef), n. Woman who seeks admiration from mere vanity; flirt. [Fr.; from coqueter, coquet.] COQUETTISH (ko-ket'ish), a. 1. Practicing coquetry. 2. Befitting a coquette. COQUETTISHLY (ko-ket'ish-li), adv. In a coquettish manner. COQUIMBO (kd-kim'bo), n. Burrowing owl of South America. [Coquimbo, department of Chile.] COQUINA (ko-ke'na), n. Shell-limestone. [Sp., shell-fish.] COR-, prefix. With; together; form of COM- before r. [L. cum, with.] CORACLE (kor'a-kl), n. Small oval rowboat, made of skins or oiled cloth stretched on wickerwork. [Wei. corwgl; from corwg, any- thing round.] CORACOID (kor'a-koid), o. Shaped like a crow's beak, as the coracoid process of the scapula. [Gr. korax, korakos, crow, and eidos, form.] CORAL (kor'al), I. n. 1. Cal- careous secretion of several kinds of marine zoophytes, forming coral reefs and Islands in many parts of the ocean. 2. Coral-secreting zoophyte. II. a. 1. Made of coral. 2. Of the color of coral; red or pink. [O. Fr.; from L. corallum; from Gr. Coral, showing the korallion, coral.] poly pes ( Cor allium CORALLACEOUS (kor-al-a'- rubrum). shus), a. Like, or having the qualities of coral. [L. corallum, coral, and suffix -ACEOUS.] CORALLINE (kor'al-in), I. a. Of, like, or con- taining coral. II. n. 1. Limy seaweed of a delicate pinkish or purplish color. 2. Coral-producing polyp. 3. Coral-like sub- stance. CORALLOID (kor'al-oid), a. In the form of, or resembling, coral. [Gr. korallion, coral, and eidos, form.] CORAZON (ko-ra-zon'), n. Species of love or custard apple grown in South American trop- ics. [Sp. corazon, heart.] CORB (karb), n. Iron basket used for raising coal in collieries. [L. corbis, basket.] CORBAN (kar'ban), n. Anything devoted to God in fulfillment of a vow. [Heb. gorbdn, offering.] CORBEIL (kar'bel), n. Fort. Basket filled with earth, and set up as a protection from the fire of the enemy; gabion. [Fr. corbeille; from L. corbis, basket.] CORBEL (kar'bel), n. Arch. 1. Projection of stone or wood from the face of a wall, sup- porting pillars or other superincumbent weights. 2. Niche or hollow left in walls for images, figures, or statues. 3. Representa- tion of a basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides. 4. Vase or tambour of the Corinthian column, so called from its re- semblance to a basket. — Corbel steps, series of steps crowning a gable wall. [O. Fr.; from L. corbis, basket.] CORD (kard), n. 1. String or thin rope, com- posed of several strands twisted together. 2. Something resembling a cord, as the spinal cord. 3. Anything that binds or restrains. 4. Measure of wood = 128 cubic feet, origi- nally determined by the use of a cord or string. [Fr. corde; from L. chorda; from Gr. chords, intestine.] CORD (kard), vt. [pr.p. CORDING; p.t. and p.p. CORD'ED.] 1. Supply with a cord. 2. Bind with a cord. 3. Pile up for measurement or sale by the cord, as fire-wood. CORDAGE (kard'aj), n. Ropes or cords collec- tively. CORDATE (kar'dat), a. Bot. Heart-shaped, as certain leaves. TL. cor, cordis, heart.] CORDED (kard'ed), a. 1. Fastened with cords. 2. Furrowed, as with cords. 3. Piled up for measure or sale by the cord, as fire-wood. CORDIAL (kar'jal or kar'di-al), I. a. 1. With warmth of heart; sincere; hearty. 2. Re- viving the heart or spirits. II. n. 1. Any- thing that cheers, comforts, revives, or ex- hilarates. 2. Stimulating drink, usually made with essential oils dissolved in alcohol, spiced and sweetened. 3, Medicine that increases the force of the heart, or strengthens the cir- culation. [L. cor, cordis, heart.] Cordate leaf. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CORDIALITY COEMOPHILI CORDIALITY (kar-jal'i-ti or kar-di-al'i-ti), n. Warmth of kindly feeling; heartiness. CORDIALLY (kar'jal-i or kar'di-al-i), adv. In a cordial manner. CORDILLERA (kar-dil-ya/ra), n. Mountain chain or ridge. [Sp.; from O. Sp. cordilla; from L. chorda, cord.] CORDON (kar'dun), n. 1. Cord or ribbon be- stowed as a badge of honor. 2. Fort. Row of stones along the line of rampart. 3. Arch. Projecting molding or coping. 4. In mili- tary and naval operations, a line of soldiers, forts, ships, etc., acting as sentries to prevent the passage of unauthorized persons or ships. [Fr., from corde, cord.] CORDOVA (kar'do-va), n. City, in Spain, on the Guadalquivir. CORDUROY (kar'du-roi), n. 1. Thick cotton stuff with corded or ribbed surface. 2. [pi.] Trousers made of corduroy. — Corduroy road, road made of poles or logs laid transversely and in contact, usually over a swamp or miry place. [Etym. doubtful; probably from Fr. corde du roy, king's cord.] CORD WAIN (kard'wan), n. Spanish leather, originally of goat-skin, but now frequently of split horsehides. [O. Fr. cordowan; from Cordova (a city in Spain).] CORDWAINER (kard'wan-er), n. Worker in leather goods; shoemaker. CORE (kor), n. 1. Heart or inner part of any- thing, especially of fruit. 2. Gist or essential part of a matter. 3. Founding. Internal mold, which forms a hollow in the casting of metals. [L. cor, heart.] CORE (kor), vt. [pr.p. CORING; p.t. and p.p. CORED (kord).] 1. Take out the core of. 2. Founding. Cast by means of a core. COREA. See KOREA. COEECTOME (kor-ek'tom), n. Surg. Instrument used to perform the operation of corectomy. CORECTOMY (kor-ek'to-mi), n. Operation for removal of part of iris; iridectome. CORER (kor'er), n. Instrument for removing the core. CORESPONDENT (ko-re-spond'ent), n. Law. 1. Joint respondent. 2. Person charged in a divorce suit with being implicated with the respondent. CORIACEOUS (ko-ri-a'shus), a. Of or like leather; leathery. [L. corium, leather.] CORIANDER (ko-ri-an'der), n. Annual plant, the seeds of which when fresh have an offen- sive smell, used as a medicine, spice, etc. [L. coriandrum.'] CORINTH (kor'inth), n. Town, Mississippi, scene of battle October 3-4, 1862. CORINTH (kor'inth), n. Ancient city of Greece, on isthmus of Corinth. CORINTHIAN (kor-inth'i-an), a. 1. Pertaining to Corinth, a city of ancient Greece. 2. Per- taining to an ornate order of architecture, the most delicate and elaborate ol all the or- Cork-tree (Quercus suler). ders. 3. Luxurious; licentious; profligate. — Corinthian brass. 1. Alloy made in Corinth, much valued in ancient times. 2. Assurance or effrontery. CORIUM (ko'ri-um), n. [pi. CO'RIA.] Anat. Innermost layer of the skin. [L., leather.] CORK (kark), n. 1. Outer bark of the cork-tree, an oak found in southernEurope ^f^^^^^^^^^f^^V^) and northern Africa, from which floats, stoppers for bot- tles and casks, etc., are made. 2. Stopper or float made of cork. 3. Any- thing of a sim- ilar nature. [Sp. corcho; from L. cortex, bark. CORK (kark), n. City, Ireland. CORK (kark), vt. [pr.p. CORK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CORKED (karkt).] 1. Stop with a cork. 2. Blacken with a burnt cork. CORKAGE (kark'aj), n. Charge made by hotel- keepers for guests using wines and liquors not purchased on the premises. CORK-BOARD (kark'bord), n. Light, elastic cardboard made from ground cork mixed with paper-pulp. CORK-CUTTER (kark'kut-er), n. Tool used for cutting out corks from sheet-cork, con- sisting of a brass tube hardened and sharpened at the cutting end. CORKED (karkt), a. 1. Stopped with a cork. 2. Blackened with a burnt cork. CORKER (kark'er), n. 1. One who or that which corks. 2. Successful examination at college. (Colloq.) 3. Conclusive argument; clincher. (Slang.) CORKINESS (kark'i-nes), n. Quality of being corky. CORKMETAL (kark'met-al), n. Composite metal of lighter specific gravity than alumi- num, principally used in the construction of aeroplanes. Composed of 99 per cent of magnesium with traces of hson, zinc, sodium and aluminum used as binders. CORK-PRESSER (kark'pre-s-er), n. Machine for compressing corks, so as to make them enter the necks of bottl&s easily. CORKSCREW (kark'skro), I. n. Instrument for drawing corks from bottles. II. a. Like a corkscrew in shape. CORKY (kark'i), a. Of or resembling a cork. CORM (karm), n. Bot. Short, bulb-like subter- ranean stem of many plants, sometimes called a solid bulb. [Gr. homos, tree-trunk.] CORMOPHYLY (kar-mof'i-li), n. Chronology of ancient tribes and races. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 'kh=ch in Scotch loch. mute, hut, bfinv CORMORANT 387 CORN-SHELLER CORMORANT (kar mo-rant), n. It web -footed sea-bird, of great voracity. 2. Hence, a glutton. [Fr. co r mor an ; from L. corvus marinus, sea- crow.] CORN (karn), «. Small hard growth chiefly on the toe or foot, resulting Large, Common Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). from an increase of thickness of the cuticle, caused by ex- cessive pressure or friction on the part. [O. Fr., from L. cornu, horn.] CORN (karn), n. 1. Seeds of cereal plants, as wheat, barley, rye, maize, oats, used for food. 2. Plants that pro- duce corn. 3. Single seed or grain of a cereal plant. 4. In America, maize or Indian corn only. [A. S. corn.] CORN (karn), vt. [pr.p. CORNING Cellular structure of grain of corn. p.t. and p.p. CORNED (karnd).] 1. Preserve or pickle in brine. 2. Form into grains; granulate. CORN-BEEF (karn'bef), n. Corned beef, i.e. beef pickled or preserved in brine. CORN-BELT (karn'belt), n. Limits to territory in IT. S. in which corn is principally grown. CORN-BREAD (karn'bred), n. Bread made of corn-meal. CORN-CAKE (karn'kak), n. Griddle cake made with corn-meal. CORN-COB (karn'kob), n. Spike around which the kernels of maize grow. CORNEA (kar'ne-a), n. Anat. Transparent horny membrane which forms the front cov- ering of the eye. [L. corneus, horny; from cornu, horn.] CORNEAL (kar'ne-al), a. Pertaining to the cornea. CORNED (karnd), a. 1. Pickled or preserved in salt or in brine. 2. Intoxicated. (Slang.) CORNEL (kar'nel), n. Cornelian cherry or dog- wood, a small tree native to Southern Europe. [L. cornus.] CORNELIAN (kar-ne'Ii-an), n. Same as CAE- NELIAN. CORNEOUS (kar'ne-us), a. Of a substance re- sembling or having the qualities of horn; horny. [L. corneus; from cornu, horn.] CORNER (kar'ner), n. 1. Point where two con- verging lines or surfaces meet; angle. 2. Space between the lines near the meeting point. 3. Any remote, out-of-the-way, or secret place. 4. Embarrassing position. 5. Operation by which the whole of a stock or commodity is bought up, so that speculative sellers are compelled to buy, to meet their engagements, at the cornering buyer's own price. [O. Fr. corniere; from L. cornu, horn.] CORNER (kar'ner), vt. [pr.p. COR'NERING; p.t. and p.p. CORNERED (kar'nerd).] 1. Sup- ply with corners. 2. Drive into a corner or angle. 3. Force into a position of embarrass- ment or difficulty. 4. Create a scarcity of by securing the control of the supply. CORNERED (kar'nerd), a. 1. Having corners. 2. Forced into a corner. CORNER-STONE (kar'ner-ston),n. 1. Stone that unites the two walls of a building at a corner; principal stone, especially the corner of the foundation of a building. 2. Hence, some- thing of primary importance. CORNERWISE (kar'ner-wiz), adv. With the corner in front; diagonally. CORNET (kar 'net), n. Music. 1. Brass treble wind - instru- ment, with a cup mouthpiece; called also cornet-a-piston. 2. Low organ stop like a cornet in tone. [Fr. cornet, dim. of come, horn.] CORNET (kar-nef), n. Mil. 1. Formerly the lowest grade of commissioned officer in the British cavalry — the office was abolished in 1871, sub-lieutenant being substituted. 2. Formerly the ensign or colors of a British troop of cavalry. [Fr. cornette, standard.] CORNFIELD (karn'feld), n. Field of Indian corn or maize. CORNFLOWER (karn'flow-er), n. Flowering plant that grows amongst grain, especially the wild poppy and bluebottle {Centaurea Cyanus) . CORNICE (kar'nis), n. 1. Arch. Molding that projects from the top of a wall, column, or en- tablature. 2. Plaster moldings round the ceiling of rooms at its junction with the walls. [Fr.; from Gr. koronis, curved line.] CORNICULATE (kar-nik'u-lat), a. 1. Horned. 2. Shaped like a horn. CORN-MEAL (karn'mel), n. Meal made from Indian corn or maize. CORN-PITH (karn'pith), n. Fluffy, cellular substance occupying the center of the stalks of Indian corn, from which cellulose is pre- pared. CORN-POPPER ( karn 'pop-er), n. Device usu- ally of wide-mesh wire in which a special kind of Indian corn is popped over a brisk fire. CORN-SHELLER (karn'shel-er), n. Machine Cornet-a- Piston. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CORN-SHOCK CORPULENT for separating grains of Indian corn from the cob. CORN-SHOCK (karn'shok), n. Shock of cut stalks of Indian corn. CORN-SHUCK (karn'shuk), n. Husk covering ears of Indian corn. CORN-SNAKE (karn'snak), n. Non-venomous snake, the Coluber guttalus, common in the southern part of the United States. CORN-STALK (karn-stak), n. Stalk of Indian corn. CORN-STARCH (karn'starch), n. 1. Laundry starch made from Indian corn. 2. Starch- like flour made from Indian corn, used for puddings, etc. CORNU (kar'nu), n. [pi. CORNUA (kar'nu-a).] Horn; anything shaped like or resembling a horn. CORNUCOPIA (kar-nu-ko'pi-a), n. 1. Horn of plenty; horn wreathed with flowers and filled to overflowing with fruit, grain, etc., the sym- bol of peace and plenty. 2. Horn-shaped receptacle. [L. cornu, horn, and copia, plenty.] CORNUS (kar'nus), n. Bot. Quatrefoil plant of dogwood species. CORNUTE (kar-nuf), CORNUTED (kar-nu'- ted), a. 1. Having horns. 2. Shaped like a horn. [L. cornutus, horned; from cornu, horn.] CORNWALL (karn'wal), n. Maritime county, forming S. W. extremity of England. COROL (kor'ol), n. Corolla. COROLLA (ko-rol'a), n. Bot. Inner circle or whorl of the floral envelope. [L.; dim. of corona, crown.] COROLLARY (kor'o-la-ri), n. [pi. COR'OLLA- RIES.] 1. Inference or deduction from recog- nized facts. 2. Consequence or result. [L. corollarium, garland; from corolla.] CORONA (ko-ro'na), n. [pi. CORONAS or CO- RO'NjE.] 1. Mom. Archeol. Garland or crown given as the reward of bravery. 2. Arch. Large, flat, projecting member of a cornice which crowns the entablature. 3. Bot. Crown-like appendage at the top of com- pound flowers. 4. Astron. Luminous circle or halo which surrounds the sun during a to- tal eclipse. 5. Anat. Anything crown-shaped. [L. corona, crown.] CORONADITE (ko-ro-na'dit), n. Min. Black manganate of lead. CORONAL (kor'o-nal), I. a. Of or pertaining to a corona, in any sense of the term. II. n. 1. Crown or garland. 2. Anat. Frontal bone of the skull. CORONARY (kor'o-na-ri), I. a. Pertaining to a crown or to the top of the head. II. n. [pi. COR'ONARIES.] Small pastern-bone of horse's foot. CORONATION (kor-o-na'shun), n. Act of crowning a sovereign. CORONER (kor'o-nSr), n. Officer whose duty Is to hold inquest into tl.e causes of accidental or suspicious deaths. [L. L. coronator; from L. corona, crown.] CORONET (kor'o-net), n. 1. Inferior crown worn by princes and noblemen. 2. Orna- mental head-dress or chaplet. [O. Fr. ; dim. of corone, crown.] CORPORAL (kar'po-ral), n. Mil. Lowest non- commissioned officer in a military company. [Fr. caporal; from L. caput, head.] CORPORAL (kar'po-ral), a. 1. Belonging or relating to the body, as corporal punishment. 2. Formerly, the same as CORPOREAL. [L. corporalis; from corpus, corporis, body.] CORPORAL (kar'po-ral), CORPORALE (kar- po-ra'le), n. Eccl. Cloth used for covering the elements of the eucharist. CORPORALITY (kar-po-ral'i-ti), n. State of being corporal — opposed to SPIRITUALITY. CORPORALLY (kar'po-ral-i), adv. In a mate- rial manner; not spiritually. CORPORATE (kar'po-rat), a. 1. Legally united into a body so as to act as an individual; in- corporated. 2. Belonging to a corporation. 3. United; collective. [L. corporatus, p.p. of corporo, form into a body; from corpus, body.] CORPORATELY (kar'po-rat-li), adv. In a cor- porate capacity. CORPORATION (kar-po-ra'shun), n. Body vested with certain rights or privileges by law, with a view to their preservation in perpetual succession. It may consist of one person, when it is called sole, or of a number of per- sons, when it is called aggregate. CORPORATOR (kar'po-ra-tur), n. Member of a corporation. CORPOREAL (kar-po're-al), a. Having a body or substance; material; substantial — opposed to SPIRITUAL. [L. corporeus; from corpus, corporis, body.] CORPOREALLY (kar-po're-al-i), adv. In a cor- poreal manner; bodily. CORPOREITY (kar-po-re'i-ti), n. State of having a material body; materiality of being. CORPOSANT (kar'po-zant), n. St. Elmo's Are, a ball of fire sometimes seen about a ship during a storm. [Pg. corpo santo; from L. corpus sanctum, holy body.] CORPS (kor), n. [pi. CORPS (kdrz; Fr. kor).] Body of persons more or less intimately asso- ciated in work or action. — Corps d' armee, or army corps, section of army in active service, composed of two or more divisions. [Fr. ; from L. corpus, body.] CORPSE (karps), n. Dead body of a human being. [Fr. corps; from L. corpus, body.] CORPULENCE (kar'pu-lens), n. Excessive fat- ness of body; fleshiness; obesity. [Fr.; from L. corpulentia; from corpus, body.] CORPULENCY (kar'pu-len-si), n. Corpulence. CORPULENT (kar'pu-lent), a. Very fleshy or fat. SYN. Portly; obese; stout; large; burly. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut : burn, \l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CORPULENTLY 289 CORROBORATE ANT. Lean; thin; attenuated; slight; emaciated; scrawny. CORPULENTLY (kar'pu-lent-li), adv. In a cor- pulent manner. CORPUS (kar'pus), n. [pi. COR'PORA.] 1. Body. 2. Anat. Any special structure or function in the hody. 3. Hot. ftlass of any- thing. 4. Whole hody of literature on any subject. [L. corpus, body.] CORPUSCLE (kar'pus-1), n. 1. One of the microscopic globules or cells contained in the blood. 2. Physics. One of the ultimate particles into which an elementary atom may be divided; electron. [L. corpusculum; dim. of corpus, body.] CORPUSCULAR (kar-pus'ku-lar), a. Of, per- taining to, or consisting of corpuscles. CORRADIATE (kor-ra'di-at), vi. [pr.p. COR- RA'DIATING; p.t. and p.p. CORRA'DIATED.] Converge to a focus. [COR- and RADIATE.] CORRADIATION (kor-ra-di-a'shun), n. Act of converging to a focus. CORRAL (kor-ral') n. Inciosure for cattle, horses, etc. [Sp.; from corro, circle.] Corral at Cristobal, Panama Canal Zone. CORRAL (kor-ral'), vt. [pr.p. CORRAL'LING ; p.t. and p.p. CORRALLED (kor-rald').] 1. Drive into or inclose in a corral. 2. Sur- round; corner; pen up. CORRECT (kor-rekf), vt. [pr.p. CORRECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CORRECT'ED.] 1. Make right. 2. Remove faults. 3. Punish. 4. Set right. 5. Obviate or counterbalance. [L. corrigo, correctum, set straight or right; cor- (con-), together, and rego, rule.] CORRECT (kor-rekf), a. 1. According to a fixed standard or rule. 2. True; exact; in accordance with facts. 3. Free from faults. 4. According to propriety. SYN. Accurate; right; precise; regular; faultless; just; upright; equitable; proper. ANT. Incorrect; faulty; wrong; improper. CORRECTABLE (kor-rekf a-bl), o. Capable of being corrected. CORRECTION (kor-rek'shun), a. 1. Act of correcting. 2. Amendment; matter as cor- rected. 3. Punishment; chastisement. CORRECTIONAL (kor-rek'shun-al), a. Tending or having the power, to correct. CORRECTIVE ( kor-rekt'iv ), I. a. Correc- tional. II. n. That which corrects. CORRECTLY (kor-rekt'li), adv. In a correct manner. CORRECTNESS (kor-rekf nes), n. Quality of being correct. CORRECTOR (kor-rekf ur), n. He who or that which corrects. CORREGIDOR (kor-rej'i-dar or kor-ra-he- thar')» n. Chief magistrate of a Spanish town. [Sp.; from corregir, correct.] CORRELATE (kor're-lat), v. [pr.p. CORRE- LATING; p,t. and p.p. CORRELATED.] I. vt. Bring into mutual relation. II. vi. Be mu- tually related, as father and son. [COR- and RELATE.] CORRELATION ( kor-re-la/shun), n. Mutual or reciprocal relation. CORRELATIVE (kor-rel'a-tiv), I. a. Mutually or reciprocally related. II. n. Person or thing correspondingly related to another per- son or thing. CORRELATIVELY Ckor-rel'a-tiv-li), adv. In a correlative manner. CORRESPOND (kor-re-spond'), vi. [pr.p. COR- RESPONDING; p.t. and p.p. CORRESPOND'- ED.] 1. Be congruous; be adapted to; fit; agree; coincide; match; accord. 2. Be equal or alike. 3. Hold communication by send- ing and receiving letters. [L. cor-, together, and respondeo, respond.] CORRESPONDENCE (kor-re-spond'ens), n. 1. Relation of agreement; congruity. 2. Friend- ly intercourse. 3. Communication by means of letters. 4. Letters which are sent and re- ceived by correspondents. CORRESPONDENT (kor-re-spond'ent), I. a. Agreeing with; suitable. II. n. 1. One with whom intercourse is kept" up by letters. 2. One who is engaged to transmit news to a newspaper or other periodical. CORRESPONDING (kor-re-spond'ing), a. 1. Correspondent; answering; suiting. 2. Car- rying on correspondence. CORRESPONDINGLY (kor-re-spond'ing-Ii), adv. Conformably. CORRIDOR (kar'i-dar or kor'i-dor), n. Passage- way or open gallery communicating with separate apartments. CORRIGIBLE (kor'ri-ji-bl), a. Capable of being corrected or reformed. [L. corrigo, set straight or right.] CORROBORANT ( kor-rob'o-rant), I. a. Strengthening; corroborating. II. n. Any- thing that corroborates or strengthens; tonic. CORROBORATE (kor-rob'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. CORROBORATING; p.t . and p.p. CORROB'- ORATED.] Blake more certain or sure; con- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CORROBORATION CORTICOLOUS firm. [L. corroboratusy p.p. of corroboro, strengthen.] CORROBORATION ( kor-rob-o-ra'shun ), n. Confirmation. CORROBORATIVE (kor-rob'o-ra-tiv), a. Tend- ing to confirm or strengthen. CORRODE (kor-rod'), v. [pr.p. CORKO'DING; p.t. and p.p. CORRODED.] I. vt. Eat away by degrees; rust; destroy by corrosion, n. vi. Be eaten away; become corroded. [L. corrodo; from cor-, together, and rodo, gnaw.] CORRODENT (kor-ro'dent), I. c. Having the power of corroding. II. n. That which corrodes; corrosive. CORRODIBLE (kor-ro'di-bl), adv. Capable of being corroded. CORROSION (kor-ro'zhun), n. 1. Action or process of eating or wearing away by slow degrees. 2. State of being corroded. [L.L. corrosio; from L. corrosus, p.p. of corrodo, corrode.] CORROSIVE (kor-ro'siv), I. a. Having the Quality of eating away or corroding. II. n. That which has the power of corroding. — Corrosive sublimate, bichloride of mercury, a virulent poison. CORROSIVELY (kor-ro'siv-li), adv. In a cor- rosive manner. CORROSIVENESS (kor-ro'siv-nes), n. Quality of being corrosive. CORRUGANT (kor'ro-gant), a. Having the power of corrugating. CORRUGATE (kor'ro-gat), v. [pr.p. COR'RU- GATING; p.t. and p.p. COR'RUGATED.] I. vt. Wrinkle or draw into folds or ridges. II. vi. Become wrinkled or contracted into folds. [L. corrugatus, p.p. of corrugo, wrinkle.] CORRUGATE (kor'ro-gat), a. Corrugated. CORRUGATED (kor'rp-ga-ted), a. Wrinkled or contracted into folds. CORRUGATION (kor-ro-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of wrinkling or being wrinkled. 2. Wrinkle. CORRUGATOR (kor'ro-ga-tur), n. Anat. One of the two muscles that wrinkle the brow. CORRUPT (kor-rupf), a. 1. Decomposed; tainted; putrid; spoiled. 2. Depraved; per- verted. 3. Devoid of integrity; dishonest; given to grafting or bribery. 4. Infected or vitiated with errors; incorrect; not genuine. [L. corruptus, p.p. of corrumpo, corrupt; from cor-, together, and rumpo, break.] CORRUPT (kor-rupf), v. [pr.p. CORRUPTING; p.t. and p.p. CORRUPTED.] I. vt. 1. Make putrid. 2. Deprave; pollute; defile. 3. Per- vert by promises or bribes. 4. Render im- pure or incorrect; falsify. II. vi. 1. Become corrupt or putrid. 2. Lose purity. CORRUPTER ( kor-rupf er), n. One who or that which corrupts. CORRUPTIBILITY (kor-rupt-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being corruptible. CORRUPTIBLE (kor-rupt'i-bl), a. Susceptible of corruption. CORRUPTIBLENESS i kor-rupf i-bl-nes), n. Corruptibility. CORRUPTIBLY (kor-rupf 1-bli), adv. In a cor- ruptible manner. CORRUPTION (kor-rup'shun), n. 1. Act of corrupting. 2. State of being corrupted. 3. Anything corrupting or infectious. 4. De- terioration; impurity. 5. Bribery; perver- sion from the path of integrity. 6. Corrupt or debased reading or version; debased lan- guage or style. SYN. Putrescence; putrefaction; rotten- ness; vitiation; contamination; infection; pollution; debasement; perversion; adulter- ation; depravity; impurity; bribery. ANT. Vitality; purity; purification. CORRUPTIVE (kor-rupt'iv), a. Having the quality of corrupting. CORRUPTLESS (kor-rupt'les), a. Incorruptible; undecaying. CORRUPTLY (kor-rupt'li), adv. In a corrupt manner. CORRUPTNESS (kor-rupt'nes), n. Quality or state of being corrupt. CORSAGE (kar'saj), n. Bodice or waist of a woman's dress. [Fr.; from O. Fr. cors, body; from L. corpus.] CORSAIR (kar'sar), n. 1. Pirate. 2. Pirate vessel. [Fr. corsaire; from L. cursus, course.] CORSE (kars), n. Poetic form of CORPSE. [O. Fr. cors, body.] CORSELET (kars'let), n.Anfig. 1. Armorwornto protect the body. 2. Cuirass or breastplate. [Fr.] CORSET (kar'set), n. Closely-fitting inner bod- ice, stiffened with strips of whalebone, steel, etc., and laced up; stays. [Dim. of O. Fr. cors, body.] CORSICA (kar'si-ka), n. Island in the Mediter- ranean, department of France. CORTEGE (kar-tazh'), n. Train of attendants; procession, especially a funeral procession. [Fr.; from It. corteggio, train; from corte, court retinue.] CORTES (kar'tes), n. National legislature or parliament of Spain or of Portugal. [Sp. pi. of corte, court.] CORTEX (kar'teks), n. [pi. CORTICES (kar'ti- sez).] 1. Bot. Bark or skin of a tree or plant. 2. Anat. Outer layer on any tissue or struc- ture of the body. [L., bark.] CORTICAL (kar'ti-kal), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a cortex or external layer; as, the cortical part of the brain. 2. Consisting of or resem- bling bark. [L. cortex, bark] CORTICATE (kar'ti-kat), CORTICATED (kar'- ti-ka-ted), a. 1. Furnished with a cortex. 2. Resembling the bark of a tree. CORTICINE (kar'ti-sin), n. Composition of gutta-percha mixed with cork used as a floor- covering. [L. cortex, corticis, bark, cork.] CORTICOLOUS (kar-tik'o-lus), a. Growing on bark. [L. cortex, corticis, bark, and colo, inhabit.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn- u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. CORTICOSE 291 CGSI5IG3 CORTICOSE (kar'ti-k6s), CORTICOUS (kar'ti- kus), a. Bot. Of the nature of bark; barky. CORUNDOPHILITE (ko-run-dof i-Ht), n. chlo- rited corundum. CORUNDUM (ko-run'dum), n. Min. Min- eral of extreme hardness, an oxide of alumi- num, the granular variety of which is com- monly known as emery. Other varieties Include the sapphire, Oriental ruby, topaz, and emerald. [Hind, kuraud, corundum.] CORUSCATE (kor'us-kat), vi. [pr.p. COR'US- CATING; p.t. and p.p. COR'USCATED.] Throw off sparkles of light; sparkle. [L. coruscatus, p.p. of corusco, flash.] CORUSCATION (kor-us-ka'shun), n. Sudden gleam or burst of light; brilliant display. CORVETTE, CORVET (kar-vef), n. Flush- decked vessel of war, rigged, and having only one tier of guns, either on the upper or the main deck. [Fr.; from L. corbis, basket.] CORVINE (kar'vin),a. Of or pertaining to a crow; crow-like. [L. corvinus; from corvus, crow.] COR YBANTES(kor-i-ban'tez), n. pi. Greek Myth. Priests and devotees of the goddess Rhea in Phrygia. Their mode of worship was charac- terized by bacchanalian and other wild orgies. CORYMB (kor'imb), n. Bot. Convex flower- cluster of indefinite inflorescence. [L. corym- bus, cluster; from Gr. korymbos, head or top.] CORYMBOSE (kor-im'bos), a. Bot. Pertaining to, or having the structure of, a corymb. CORYPHEE (ko-re-fa'), n. 1. Principal dan- seuse in the ballet. 2. Ballet dancer; chorus girl. [Fr.; from L. coryphaeus, leader; from Gr. koryphaios, leader of the chorus in the At- tic drama; from koryphe, head.] CORYPHENE (kor'i-fen), n. Swift-darting marine fish, having beautiful metallic tints, looking golden while in the water. [Gr. korus, helmet, and phaino, show.] COSEISMAL ( ko-sis'mal), a. Experiencing an earthquake shock simultaneously at all points. [CO- and SEISM AL.] COSEISMIC (ko-sis'mik), a. Coseismal. COSENTIENT ( ko-sen'shi-ent) , a. Perceiving together. [CO- and SENTIENT.] COSEY (ko'zi), a. Same as COZY. COSHER (kosh'er), vt. [pr.p. COSH'ERING; p.t. and p.p. COSHERED (kosh'erd).] I. vt. Pamper; coddle. II. vi. Be friendly; chat in a friendly way. [Sc. cosh, snug.] COSHER (kosh'er), vi. [pr.p. COSH'ERING; p.t. and p.p. COSHERED (kosh'erd).] Old Irish Feudal Law. Live on dependents. [Ir. coisir, feast.] COSHERY (kosh'er-i), n. Ancient right of an Irish chief to quarter himself and his re- tainers on his tenantry. COSINAGE (kuz'n-aj), n. Law. Collateral re- lationship; kindred by blood. [O. Fr.; from cosin, cousin.] COSINE (kd'sin), n. Trig. Sine of the comple- ment of a given angle. COSMESIS (koz-m§'sis), n. Art of beautifying by the use of cosmetics. COSMETIC (koz-met'ik), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the art of improving the beauty of the com- plexion. 2. Improving the beauty of the skin; beautifying. II. n. Preparation for beautifying the skin. [Gr. kosmeticos, skilled in decoration; from kosmeo, decorate; from kosmos, order.] COSMIC (koz'mik), a. 1. Pertaining to the uni- verse, or to its system of laws and order. 2. Orderly; opposed to CHAOTIC. 3. Vast in space or time. 4. Speedy like the planets. 5. Astron. Rising or setting with the sun; opposed to ACRONYCHAL. [Gr. kosmikos; from kosmos, universe.] COSMICAL (koz'mik-al), a. Cosmic. COSMISM (koz'mizm), n. Notion of the cosmos as a self-existing whole; doctrine of evolution. COSMOGONIC (koz-mo-gon'ik), a. Relating to cosmogony. COSMOGONY (koz-mog'o-ni), n. [pi. COSMOG'- ONIES.] Theory of the origin of the universe and its inhabitants. [Gr. kosmos, and -GONY.] COSMOGRAPHER (koz-mog'ra-fer), n. One versed in cosmography. COSMOGRAPHIC (koz-tno-graf'ik), COSMO- GRAPHICAL (koz-mo-graf'ik-ai), a. Pertain- ing to cosmography. COSMOGRAPHY (koz-mog'ra-fi), n. Descrip- tion of the world; science of the constitution of the universe. [Gr. kosmagraphia; from kosmos, world, and grapho, write.] COSMOLATRY (koz-mol'a-tri), n. Worship of a universal kind. COSMOLOGICAL(koz-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Pertain- ing to cosmology. COSMOLOGIST (koz-mol'o-jist), n. One versed in cosmology. COSMOLOGY (koz-mol'o-ji), n. [pi. COSMOLO- GIES.] 1. Science of the universe as a whole. 2. Treatise on the structure and parts of the system of creation. [Gr. kosmos, world, and -LOGY.] COSMOPLASTIC (koz-mo-plas'tik), a. World- forming. [Gr. kosmos, world, and PLASTIC] COSMOPOLITAN (koz-mo-pol'i-tan), I. o. 1. Common to all parts of the world. 2. Feeling at home in any part of the world; free from national prejudices. II. n. Cosmopolite. COSMOPOLITE (koz-mop'o-lit), I. a. Cos- mopolitan. II. n. Citizen of the world; one free from local or national prejudices. [Gr. kosmopolites; from kosmos, world, and politSs, citizen; from polls, city.] COSMORAMA (koz-mo-ra'ma), n. Exhibition of a series of views of different parts of the world, so arranged as to produce the effects of actual vision. [Gr. kosmos, world, and horama, view.] COSMOS (koz'mos), n. World or universe as an orderly or systematic whole — opposed to CHAOS. [Gr., world, order.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, '* il-a in 'Scotch nude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. COSSACK 292 COTTER COSSACK (kos'ak) n. One of a race inhabiting the south-eastern parts of Russia, forming an important element in the Russian army, be- ing used as light cavalry on account of their skill in horsemanship. [Russ. Kozaku, Cos- sack.] COSSAS (kos'as), n. pi. Unbleached hand-loom Indian lawns and muslins. [Hind.] COSSET (kos'et), n. 1. Lamb reared in the house by hand. 2. Pet of any kind. [Etym. doubt- ful.] COSSET (kos'et), vt. [pr.p. COS'SETING; p.t. and p.p. COS'SETED.] Pamper; fondle; pet. COST (kast or kost), vt. [pr.p. COST'ING; p.t. and p.p. COST.] 1. Require to be paid, ex- pended, or laid out as a price in exchange for. 2. Be the cause of; give rise to. [O. Fr. coster; from L. consto, stand together, cost.] COST (kast or kost), n. 1. That which is paid, laid out or suffered to obtain anything. 2. [pi.] Expenses of a lawsuit. 3. Loss; detriment; Injury; pain, or trouble. — Cost price, price which the merchant pays. — Prime cost, price of production without regard to profit. COSTAL (kos'tal), a. Relating to the ribs or to the side of the body. [L. Costa, rib.] Costa Rica (kos'ta re'ka). Most southern republic of Central America. COSTA RlCAN (kos'ta re'- kan). Nati e or citizen of Costa Rica, a Central Amer- ican republic. COSTERMONGER (kos'ter- mung-ger), n. Itinerant seller of fruit, vegetables, etc.; huckster. [Etym. doubtful.] COSTIVE (kos'tiv), a. Con- stipated. [O. Fr. costeve; from L. constipatus, constipated.] COSTIVELY (kos'tiv-li), adv. In a costive man- Ascension Esquivel, ex - president of Costa Rica. COSTIVENESS (kos'tiv-nes), n. Constipation. COSTLINESS (kast'li-nes), n. Quality of being costly. COSTLY (kast'li), I. a. Of a high price or value ; dear; expensive; sumptuous. II. adv. In a costly or expensive manner. COSTMARY (kost'ma-ri), n. Perennial com- posite plant, cultivated in gardens for the fragrance of the leaves. [L. costnos; from Gr. kostos, an Oriental aromatic plant, and Maria, the Virgin 3Iary.] COSTUME (kos'tum), n. 1. Manner of dressing prevalent at any particular period or place. 2. Dress or apparel, especially of a woman. [Fr. from L. L. costuma; from L. consuetudo, cus- tom.] COSTUME (kos'tum), v. [pr.p. COS'TUMING; p.t. and p.p. COSTUMED (kos'tumd).] I. vt. Dress; furnish with a costume or apparel. II. vi . Put on or wear a costume. COSTUMER (kos-tu'mer), n. 1. One who makes or supplies costumes. 2. One who arranges the costumes at a theater, etc. COSURETY (ko-shor'ti), n. One who is surety along with others. COT (kot), n. Small dwelling; cottage. [A. S.] COT (kot), n. 1. Light bed, as of canvas on a folding frame. 2. Child's crib. 3. Swing- ing bed of canvas, suspended from the beams of a ship, for the officers. 4. Finger shield or stall of leather or other material. [Anglo- Ind.; from Hind, khdt, small bed.] COTANGENT (ko-tan'jent), n. Geom. Tangent of the complement of an angle. COTE (kot), n. Place of shelter for beasts or birds; as, dove-cote, or do \e-cot, sheep-cofe. [A. S. cote, cot, little house.] COTEMPORANEOUS (ko-tem-po-ra'ne-us), a. Same as CONTEMPORANEOUS. COTE3IPORARY ( ko-tem'po-ra-ri ), a. and n. See CONTEMPORARY. COTERIE (ko-te-re'), n. Number of persons meeting familiarly for social, literary, or other purposes; exclusive set; clique. [Fr.; from cottier, cottager, a coterie being originally a club of cottagers.] COTERMINOUS (ko-ter'mi-nus), a. Conter- minous. COTHURN (ko'thurn), COTHURNUS (k6'- thurn-us), n. Buskin or high boot laced in front, worn in tragic performances. [I* cothurnus; from Gr. kothornos, buskin.] COTIDAL (ko-ti'dal), a. Noting an equality in the tides, applied to lines on a chart or map passing through places that have high tides at the same time. COTILLION, COTILLON (ko-til'yun), n. 1. Brisk dance by four couples. 2. Music for such a dance. [Fr. cotillon, dim. of cotte, coat, frock.] COT QUEAN (kot'kwen), n. Man who busies himself with women's affairs. [A. S. coc, male bird, and quean, woman.] COTSWOLD (kots'wold), n. Wold where there are sheepcotes. [COTE end WOLD.] COTSWOLD (kots'wold), I. a. Of or pertaining to the Cotswold Hills, a tract of hilly ground in England dividing the basins of the Thames and Severn, famous for the sheep bred there. II. n. One of a breed of sheep remarkable for the length of their wool, and originally bred on the Cotswold Hills. COTTAGE (kot'aj), n. 1. Small dwelling-house. 2. Country residence. [From COT (small house).] COTTAGER (k«t'a-jer), n. One who dwells in a cottage. COTTER (kot'gr), w. Peasant occupying a cot- tage for which he pays rent in service or labor. [Sc] COTTER (kot'er), n. Mech. Pin or wedge for fastening and tightening. [Origin ob- scure.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut;, burn, ix=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COTTOLENE 293 COUNT Cotton Shrub (Gossypium herbaceum) . the COTTOLENE (kot'o-len), n. Substitute for lard made from cotton-seed oil. COTTON (kot'n), n. 1. Soft sub- stance like fine wool, obtained from the pods of the cotton- plant. 2. Cloth made of cot- ton. — Cotton flannel, cotton fabric having a long plush nap, usually on one side only. [Fr. coton; from Ar. qutiin, cotton.] COTTON-GIN ( kot'n- jin), n. Machine for separating the seeds from fiber of cotton. COTTON-PLANT (kot'n-plant), n. Plant yield- ing the textile substance, cotton. COTTON-SEED (kot'n-sed), n. Seed of the cot- ton-plant, yielding a valuable oil. COTTONTAIL (kot'n-tal), n. Familiar name for a rabbit. COTTON-TREE (kot'n-tre), n. 1. American cottonwood. 2. East Indian tree producing silk-like cotton (Bombax Malabaricum). COTTON-WEED (kot'n-wed), n. Cudweed everlasting. COTTONWOOD (kot'n-wod), n. Any one several species of American poplar. COTTON-WOOL (kot'n-wol), n. Cotton in raw or woolly state. COTTON-WORM (kot'n-wurm), n. Entom. Larva of an owlet moth, the Noctua xylina, exceedingly destructive to cotton. COTTONY (kot'n-i), a. Like cotton; soft; downy. COTYLEDON (kot-i-le'dun), n. Bot. Seed-leaf. [L. ; from Gr. hotyledon; from hotyle, cup.] COTYLEDONOITS (kot-i-led'un-us), a. Per- taining to or having cotyledons. COTYLOID (kot'i-loid), a. Cup-shaped. COUCH (kowch), v. [pr.p. COUCHING; p.t. and p.p. COUCHED (kowcht).] I. vt. 1. Cause to recline, as on a bed or couch. 2. Lay or deposit, as in a bed or layer; bed. 3. Lower or level, as a knight his spear in making an onset. 4. Express or phrase. 5. Surg, Remove, as a cataract, by pushing down the lens of the eye. II. vi. 1. Lie down for rest; recline; repose. 2. Lie in conceal- ment. [Fr. coucher, lie down; from L. colloco, place.] COUCH (kowch), n. 1. Lounge or other contri- vance on which it is customary to recline or re- pose dressed. 2. Bed; any place for repose or sleep. 3. Layer or coat. COUCHANT (kowch'ant), a. 1. Couching or or of its Cougar (Felis concolor). lying down. 2. Her. Lying down, with the head up. COUGAR (ko'gar), n. American panther, puma, or mountain lion. [South-Ameri- can cuguacuara.] COUGH (kaf), n. Spas- modic expulsion of the breath, accom- panied with a harsh sound. [From the sound.] COUGH (kaf),v. [pr.p. COUGHING; p.t.nnd p.p. COUGHED (kaft).] I. vt. Expel from the throat or air passage of the lungs by a cough. II. vi. Be affected with a cough. COULD (kgd), v. Past tense of CAN. [A. S. cuthe, p.t. of cunnan, can.] COULD N'T (kQd'nt). Colloquial contraction for COULD NOT. COULOMB (ko-lom'), n. Unit of quantity in measuring electricity; quantity furnished by a current of one ampere in one second. [From the French physicist, C. A. de Coulomb (1736- 1S06).] COULTER (kol'ter), n. Same as COLTER. COUMARIN (ko'ma-rin), n. Crystallized extract of the Tonka bean. COUNCIL (kown'sil), n. 1. Assembly called to- gether for deliberation or advice. 2. Body of men directing the affairs of a city. 3. Meet- ing of ecclesiastics to regulate doctrine or discipline. [Fr. concile; from L. concilium, meeting.] SYN. Meeting; assembly; congress; con- vention; convocation; conclave; cabinet. COUNCILMAN (kown'sil-man), n. [pi. COUN'- CILMEN.] Member of a council, especially of a municipal council. COUNCILOR (kown'sil-iir), n. Member of a council. COUNSEL (kown'sel), n. 1. Consultation. 2. Deliberation. 3. Advice; direction. 4. Pur- pose; plan. 5. Examination of consequences; prudence. 6. Lawyer, or whole number of lawyers, engaged on one side of a cause. [Fr. conseil; from L. consilium; from consulo, consult.] SYN. Advice; suggestion; recommenda- tion; admonition; information; considera- tion; consultation; deliberation; fore- thought; counselor; lawyer; barrister; advocate; solicitor; attorney. COUNSEL (kown'sel), v. [pr.p. COUNSELING; p.t. and p.p. COUNSELED (kown'seld).] I. vt. 1. Give advice or counsel to. 2. Advise in favor of. II. vi. Deliberate; take counsel. COUNSELOR (kown'sel-ur), n. One who coun- sels or gives advice; lawyer. COUNT (kownt), v. [pr.p. COUNT'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUNT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Sum up; number; enumerate. 2. Esteem; account, or reckon; consider. 3. Ascribe or impute. II. vi. 1. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. COUNT 294 COUNTERFEIT Beckon or calculate in numbers. 2. Possess a certain value; carry weight. 3. Depend or rely (followed by on or upon). [Fr. confer; from L. computo, reckon.] S YN. Calculate ; compute ; estimate ; rate. ANT. Conjecture; guess; lump. COUNT (kownt), n. 1. Act of numbering or counting. 2. Number counted. 3. State of being regarded of weight or value. 4. Law. Particular charge in an indictment, or narra- tion in pleading, setting forth a cause of com- plaint. COUNT (kownt), n. [fern. COUNT 'ESS.] In France, Italy, Spain, etc., a title of nobility equivalent to an English earl, but often merely honorary. [O. Fr. conte — L. comes, comitis, companion; from com, with, and eo, go.] COUNTABLE (kownt'a-bl), a. Capable of being counted. COUNTENANCE (kown'te-nans), n. 1. Face; feature or expression of the face. 2. Appear- ance or show. 3. Patronage; support; favor. [Fr. contenance; from L. continentia, restraint, demeanor.] COUNTENANCE (kown'te-nans), vt. [pr.p. COUNTENANCING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTE- NANCED (kown'te-nanst).] Favor or ap- prove; give encouragement to. COUNTEB (kownt'er), n. 1. One who or that which counts. 2. Piece of metal, ivory, etc., used in counting. 3. Long narrow table on which goods are displayed, weighed, or measured. [O. Fr. countour; from L. com- putator, reckoner.] COUNTEB (kown'ter), I. adv. Against; in op- position. II. o. Contrary; opposite. III. n. 1. That which is counter or opposite. 2. Music. Voice-part set in immediate contrast with the air. 3. Fencing. Parry in which one foil follows the other in a small circle. 4. Part of a horse's breast between the shoulders and the neck. 5. Naut. Part of a ship be- tween the water-line and the knuckle of the stern. [Fr. contre; from L. contra, against.] COUNTEB (kown'ter), v. [pr.p. COUNTERING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTERED (kown'terd).] I. vt. Oppose; encounter; meet. II. vi. Beturn blow for blow; give a blow while receiving one. COUNTEB-, prefix. Expressing opposition; contrary; opposite. [L. contra-, against.] COUNTEBACT (kown-ter-akf), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERACTING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- ACTED.] 1. Act counter or in opposition to. 2. Hinder or defeat. COUNTERACTION (kown-ter-ak'shun), n. Ac- tion in opposition; counteracting influence. COUNTEBACTIVE (kown-ter-akt'iv), I. a. Tending to counteract. II. n. Anything hav- ing a counteracting tendency. COUNTEBACTIVELY (kown-ter-akt'iv-li), adv. In a counteracting manner. COUNTEB AGENT (kown-ter-a'jent), n. Any- thing which counteracts. COUNTEB-ATTBACTION (kown'ter-at-trak- shun), n. Attraction in an opposite direction. COUNTEBBALANCE (kown'ter-bal-ans), n. 1. Equal weight, power, or agency Inu i imin i ' i i ii mtr working in opposi- tion. 2. Mech. De- vice to oppose mo- mentum of a recip- rocating member. COUNTEBBALANCE (kown-ter-bal'ans), vt. [pr.p. COUNTER- BALANCING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- BALANCED (kown-ter-bal'anst).] 1. ance by weight on the opposite side. 2 Counterbalance on loco- motive wheel. Bal- Act against with equal weight, power, or influence. COUNTEBBBACE (kown'ter-bras), n. Naut. Lee brace of the foretopsail-yard. COUNTEBBBACE (kown-ter-bras'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERBRA'CING; pt. and p.p. COUN- TERS RACED (kown-ter-brast').] Brace or fasten in opposite ways, as the head-yards and after-yards of a ship. COUNTERCHARGE (kown'ter-charj), n. Charge brought forward in opposition to another charge. COUNTEBCHABM (kown'ter-charm), n. That which destroys the effect of another charm. COUNTERCHABM(kown-ter-charm'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERCH ARMING ; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERCHARMED (kown-ter-charmd').] De- stroy or dissolve the effects of another charm. COUNTERCHECK (kown'ter-chek), n. Check in opposition to another check. COUNTERCHECK (kown-ter-chek'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTEBCHECK'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERCHECKED (kown-ter-chekt').] Check by an opposing power. COUNTERCLAIM (kown'ter-klam), n. Claim opposed to another claim. COUNTEBCUBBENT (kown'ter-kur-ent), n. Current opposed to another current. COUNTEBDBAW (kown-ter-dra'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERDRAW'ING; p.t. COUNTERDREW; p.p. COUNTERDRAWN.] Trace on trans- parent material. COUNTERFEIT (kown'ter-fit), vt. [pr.p. COUN- TERFEITING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTERFEIT- ED.] 1. Imitate; feign; mimic. 2. Unlaw- fully make in imitation of (that which is au- thorized), as to counterfeit the national cur- rency notes or coin. [O. Fr. contrefaire, im- itate; from L. contra, against, and facio, make.] COUNTERFEIT (kown'ter-fit), I. a. 1. Pre- tended; hypocritical. 2. Spurious; fictitious; not genuine. 3. Unlawfully made in imita- tion of that which is authorized, as currency notes or coin. II. n. 1. Imitation, copy, or likeness of anything. 2. Spurious, false, or deceitful imitation or semblance of anything. fttte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. COUNTERFEITER 295 COUNTER-TENOR 3. That which is unlawfully niade in imita- tion of something genuine or authorized, as the national currency notes or coin. COUNTERFEITER (kown'ter-fit-er), n. One who counterfeits, especially money. COUNTERFOIL (kown'ter-foil), n. Correspond- ing part of a document given, retained by the giver; as, the stub of a bank check. COUNTERFORT (kown'ter-fdrt), n. 1. Pier or buttress. 2. Spur or projecting part of a mountain. COUNTERGAGE, COUNTERGAUGE (kown'- ter-gaj), n. Carp. Adjustable double-pointed gage for marking the measurements of a mor- tise on a piece to be tenoned. COUNTERGUARD (kown'ter-gard), n. Fort. Outwork consisting of two lines of rampart running parallel to the faces of the bastion, to guard the bastion from being breached. COUNTER-IRRITANT (kown'ter-ir-i-tant), n. Med. Irritant applied to the external parts of the body to counteract and relieve internal Irritation or inflammation. COUNTERLICHT (kown'ter-lit), n. Paint. Light opposite to any object, disturbing the effect of its light. COUNTERMAND (kown-ter-mand'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERMANDING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERMAND'ED.] 1. Give an order in opposi- tion to one already given; recall; revoke. 2. Contradict; oppose. [O. Fr. contremander; from L. contra, against, and mando, order.] COUNTERMAND (kown'ter-mand), n. Revoca- tion of an order previously given. COUNTERMAND ABLE (kown-ter-mand'a-bl), a. Subject to revocation; revokable. COUNTER31ARCH (kown-ter-march'), v. [pr.p. COUNTERMARCHING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERMARCHED (kown-ter-marcht').] I. vt. Cause to march back or in a direction contrary to a former one. II. vi. March back. COUNTERMARCH (kown'ter-march), n. 1. March or movement in a direction opposite to that of a former one; reverse march. 2. Mil. Evolution by which a body of men change front, and still retain the same men in the front rank. 3. Change of measures or of conduct. COUNTERMINE (kown-ter-min'), v. [pr.p. COUNTERMINING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- MINED (kown-ter-mind').] I. vt. 1. Mil. Make a mine in opposition to; oppose by means of a countermine. 2. Frustrate by secret working. II. vi. Mil. Make a mine in opposition to one made by the enemy. COUNTERMINE (kown'ter-min), n. 1. Mil. Mine or chamber excavated by the besieged to counteract or destroy the mines made by the besiegers. 2. Any means of counteraction. COUNTERMOVE (koWn-ter-mov'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERMOV'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- MOVED (kown-ter-movd').] Move in a con- trary manner. COUNTERMOVE (kown'tgr-mov), COUNTER- MOVEMENT (kown't§r-mov-ment), n. Move or movement in opposition to another move or movement. COUNTERPANE (kown'ter-pan), w. Coverlet or quilt. [O. Fr. countrepointe, quilt.] COUNTERPART (kown'ter-part), n. 1. Dupli- cate; copy; facsimile. 2. One of two persons or things having the qualities or parts which the other lacks, as a seal and impression; complement; opposite. COUNTERPLEA (kown'tSr-ple), n. Law. Rep- lication to a plea. COUNTERPLOT (kown-ter-plot), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERPLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERPLOT'TED.] Plot against in order to frustrate another plot. COUNTERPLOT (kown'ter-plot), n. Plot op- posed to another plot. COUNTERPOINT (kown'ter-point), n. Music, 1. Art of combining melodies. 2. Properly, the setting of a harmony of one or more parts to a melody, originally by point opposite point. [Fr. contrepoint; from contre, against, and point, point.] COUNTERPOISE (kown-ter-poiz'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERPOISING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- POISED (kown-ter-poizd').] 1. Poise or weigh against or on the opposite side. 2. Act in opposition to with equal effect. [O. Fr. contrepois; from L. contra, against, and pen' sum, weight; from pendo, weigh.] COUNTERSCARP (kown'ter-skarp), n. Fort. Side of the ditch nearest to the besiegers and opposite to the scarp. COUNTERSHAFT (kown'ter-shaft), n. Mach. Intermediate shaft. COUNTERSIGN (kown'ter-sin), vt. [pr.p. COUN'- TERSIGNING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- SIGNED (kown'ter-sind).] Attest the au- thenticity of by an additional signature. COUNTERSIGN ( kown'ter-sin) , n. 1. Military private sign or word, which must be given in order to pass a sentry. 2. Counter-signature. COUNTERSIGNAL (kown'ter-sig-nal), n. Sig- nal used as an answer to another. COUNTER-SIGNATURE (kown'ter-sig-na-tur), n. Authenticating signature; name counter- signed to a writing. COUNTERSINK ( kown-ter-singk'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERSINKING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERSUNK'.] Make a beveled or conical de- pression in, as for the head of a screw. COUNTERSINK(kown'- ter-singk), n. 1. Tool for countersinking. 2. Depression made by countersinking. COUNTER-TENOR (kown'ter-ten-ur), n. Music. Alto when sung by a male voice in contrast to TENOR. Countersink Bit and Countersink for a Screw. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ix-a m'facotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. COUNTERVAIL 296 COURAGE COUNTERVAIL ( kown-ter-val' ), vt. [pr.p. COUNTEEVAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- VAILED (kown-ter-vald').] Be of avail against; act against with equal effect; counterbalance; counteract; compensate. [COUNTER- and AVAIL.] COUNTERVIEW (kown'ter-vu), n. 1. Opposing view. 2. Posture in which two persons face each other. 3. Opposition; contrast. COUNTERWORK (kown-ter-wurk'), vt. [pr.p. COUNTERWORKING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- TERWORKED (kown-ter-wurkt').] Work in opposition to. COUNTERWORKS ( kown'ter-wurks ), n.pl. Fort. Works undertaken for the purpose of destroying or rendering useless those of the enemy. COUNTESS (kownt'es), n. In England, the wife of an earl, or a lady possessing an earldom in her own right; on the continent, the wife, and in some countries the daughter, of a count. COUNTING-HOUSE (kownt'ing-hows), n. Of- fice in which a merchant or manufacturer keeps his books, accounts, etc. and transacts business. COUNTING-ROOM (kownt'ing-rom), n. Count- ing-house. COUNTLESS (kownt'les), a. Incapable of being counted; innumerable. COUNTRIFIED (kun'tri-fid), a. Rustic; rural. [See COUNTRIFY.] COUNTRIFY (kun'tri-fi), vt. [pr.p. COUN'TRI- FYING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTRIFIED (kun'- tri-fid).] 1. Make to have a rural or countri- fied appearance. 2. Make to have the habits or manners of the country. [COUNTRY and -FY.] COUNTRY (kun'tri), I. n. [pi. COUN'TRIES.] 1. Rural region or district as distinct from a city or town. 2. Tract of land. 3. One's native land. 4. Particular nation, its insti- tutions, or people. 5. Law. Jury, as in the phrase, be tried by one's country. II. a. Rustic; rural. [Fr. contree; from L.L. con- trata, country, region; from L. contra, against.] COUNTRY-DANCE (kun'tri-dans), w. Rustic dance in which partners are ranged in oppo- site lines, as in the Virginia reel. COUNTRY-HOUSE (kun'tri-hows), n. Same as COUNTRY-SEAT. COUNTRYMAN (kun'tri-man), n. [pi. COUN- TRYMEN.] 1. Man who lives in the country or rural district; farmer. 2. Man born in the same country as another. 3. Native or in- habitant of any particular country. COUNTRY-SEAT (kun'tri-set), n. Dwelling or place of residence in the country; rural resi- dence of a townsman. COUNTRY-SIDE (kun'tri-sid), n. Particular district or part of the eountry. COUNTRYWOMAN (kun'tri-WQm-an), n. [pi. COUNTRYWOMEN (kun'tri-wim-en.] 1. Wo- man who dwells in the country. 2. Woman born in the same country. COUNTSHIP (kownt'ship), w. Rank or domain of a count. COUNTY (kown'ti), n. [pi. COUN'TIES.] Sub- division of a state for purposes of administra- tion, in some states called a parish, in others a shire. [O. Fr. counte; from L.L. comitatus, district ruled by a count; from comes, comitis, count, companion.] COUNTY-SEAT (kown'ti-set), n. Town where the courts of a county are held; county town, or capital of a county. COUP (ko), n. Successful hit; blow; stroke; stratagem. — Coup de grace (ko de gras'), fin- ishing blow by which a tortured man is put out of pain; any finishing or decisive stroke. — Coup de main (ko de mang'), sudden and overpowering attack. — Coup d' etat (ko data'), sudden or violent stroke of state policy. [Fr.] COUPE (ko-pa), n. 1. Front part of a French stage-coach or diligence. 2. Four-wheeled carriage seated for two inside, with an outside seat for the driver. 3. Front compartment of an English railway carriage. [Fr.] COUPEE (k5-pe'), n. Dancing. Salute to a part- ner made by resting on one foot and swinging the other backward and forward. [Fr.] COUPLE (kup'l), v. [pr.p. COUPLING; p.t. and p.p. COUPLED (kup'ld).] I. vt. 1. Join to- gether; unite. 2. Connect or associate. 3. Attach together with a coupling or brace. 4. Unite in marriage. II. vi. Pair; marry; mate. [O. Fr. copier; from L. copulo, join together; from copula, band.] SYN. Link; connect; unite; conjoin; buckle; clasp; marry; wed; yoke; pair. ANT. Loose; part; separate; detach; un- couple; unclasp; untie; divorce. COUPLE (kup'l), n. 1. Two of a kind considered together; brace; pair. 2. Pair or partners at a dance. 3. Married pair. 4. Dynam. Pair of equal forces acting on the same body in opposite and parallel directions, and tending to produce rotation. COUPLER (kup'ler), n. 1. One who or that which couples or unites. 2. Coupling. COUPLET (kup'let), n. Two lines of verse that rhyme. COUPLING (kup'ling), n. That which connects or couples, as a c&v-coupling. COUPON (ko'pon), n. Detachable portion of a bond, ticket, etc., showing the holder entitled to something, as interest or a reserved seat at a theater. [Fr.; from couper, cut off.] COURAGE (kur'aj;, I. n. Quality that enables persons to meet dangers without fear; brav- ery; spirit. II. inter j. Take courage! [Fr. courage; from O. Fr. corage; from L. cor, heart.] SYN. Valor; bravery; boldness; daring; heroism; intrepidity; firmness; hardihood; resolution; fortitude; pluck; grit; metal; tSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, he*/; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. COURAGEOUS 297 COUSIN spirit. ANT. Timidity; cowardice; pusil- lanimity; poltroonery; fear; fright. COURAGEOUS (ku-ra'jus), a. Endowed with courage ; brave. COURANT (ko-ranf), n. Old dance with a kind of gliding step. [Fr., pr.p. of courir, run.] COURIER (ko'ri-er), n. 1. Messenger sent in great haste. 2. Traveling attendant. COURLAN (kor'lan), n. South Ameri- canbird com- monly called the crying- Mr d, about slender legs, long neck, Courlan (Aramus scolopaceus) . and bill twice the length of its head. [South Am.] COURSE (kors), n. 1. Act of running. 2. Way passed over in running. 3. Career. 4. Di- rection pursued. 5. Race. 6. Regular prog- ress from point to point. 7. Habitual meth- od of procedure. 8. Prescribed series, as of lectures, etc. 9. Each of the successive divisions of a meal. 10. Conduct; behavior. 11. Arch. Range of bricks or stones on the same level. 12. Naut. One of the sails bent to a ship's lower yards. 13. [pi.] Menses. [Er. cours; from L. cursus; from curro, run.] COURSE (kors), v. [pr.p. COURSING; p.t. and p.p. COURSED (korst).] I. vt. 1. Run through or over; traverse. 2. Run, chase, or hunt after. 3. Cause to run; put to speed. II. vi. 1. Move with speed. 2. Practice coursing. COURSER (kors'er), n. 1. Runner. 2. Swift horse. 3. One who courses or hunts with greyhounds. COURSING (kors'ing), n. Hunting with grey- hounds. COURT (kort), n. 1. Space inclosed by houses. 2. Space laid out for out-door games. 3. Narrow street in a town. 4. Palace of a sovereign. 5. Sovereign's retinue, suite or council. 6. Flattering attention or civility, as "to pay court. 9 * 7. Hall of justice. 8. Judges who preside there. 9. Sitting of the judges to hear causes. 10. Any body of persons assembled to decide causes, whether civil, military, or ecclesiastical. [O. Fr. cort; from L. L. cortis, courtyard, palace; from L. cors, inclosed space.] COURT (kort), v. [pr.p. COURTING; p.t. and p.p. COURT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Pay attentions to as a lover; woo. 2. Seek the favor of; pay court to. 3. Invite; seek after. II. vi. Act the lover; woo. COURT-CARD (kort'kard), n. King, queen, or knave, in suit of playing-cards. [Corrup. of COAT-CARD.] COURT-DRESS (kort'dres), w. Special regula- tion costume worn at the court of a sovereign on state or ceremonious occasions. COURTEOUS (kur'te-us), o. Showing courtesy or politeness; polite; respectful; obliging; affable. [Fr. courtois, courtly.] COURTEOUSLY (kur'te-us-li), adv. In a cour- teous manner. COURTEOUSNESS (kur'te-us-nes), n. Civility; politeness. COURTESAN (kur'te-zan), n. Same as COURTE- ZAN. COURTESY (kur'te-si), n. [pi. COUR'TESIES.] 1. Courtliness; elegance of manner; polite- ness. 2. Act of civility or respect. 3. In- dulgence or favor, as opposed to RIGHT. [O. Fr. courtoisie.] COURTESY (kurt'si), n. [pi. COURTESIES (kurt'sis).] Act of salutation or respect on the part of a woman by slightly bending the body and the knees; curtsy. COURTESY ( kurt'si ), vi. [pr.p. COURTESYING (kurt'si-ing) ; p.t. and p.p. COURTESIED (kurt'sid).] Make a courtesy; curtsy. COURTEZAN, COURTESAN (kur'te-zan), n. 1. Immoral woman. 2. Formerly, a courtier. [Fr. courtesan, courtier.] COURT-HOUSE (kort'hows), n. 1. Building in which the law courts are held. 2. In some of the States, a county-seat. COURTIER (kort'yer), n. 1. One in attendance at the court of a prince or sovereign. 2. One who courts or natters. COURTLINESS (kort'li-nes), n. Courtly or courteous behavior. COURTLY (kort'li), adv. 1. Of or pertaining to a court. 2. Polished; polite; well-bred. COURT-MARTIAL (kdrt'mar-shal), n. [pi. COURTS 'MARTIAL.] Court consisting of military or naval officers convened for the trial of particular offenses committed against the laws' or regulations of the army or navy. COURT-MARTIAL (kort-mar'shal), vt. [pr.p. COURT-MAR'TIALING; p.t. and p.p. COURT- MARTIALED (kort-mar'shald).] Try by court- martial. COURT-PLASTER (kdrt'plas-ter), n. Sticking- plaster, usually of silk surfaced with some healing gum. COURTSHIP (kort'ship), n. Act of courting; wooing. COURTYARD (kort'yard), n. 1. Court or open area around or attached to a house. 2. Yard surrounded by buildings. COUSIN (kuz'n), n. 1. Son or daughter of an uncle or aunt. 2. Term used by a sovereign in addressing another sovereign or one of his own noblemen. 3. Formerly, a kinsman generally. — First cousins, children of broth- ers and sisters. — Second cousins, children of first cousins. — Cousin german, (1) first cousin; (2) something closely related. [Fr„ from L. consobrinus; from con-, with, and sobrinus, cousins on the mother's side.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. COUSINHOOD 298 COWBOY COUSINHOOD (kuz'n-hod), n. Relationship of cousins. COUSINLY (kuz'n-li), adv. Like or befitting cousins; friendly. COUSINRY (kuz'n-ri), n. Cousins collectively. COUSINSHIP (kuz'n-ship), n. Same as COUSIN- HOOD. COVE (kov), n. 1. Small inlet of the sea. 2. Cavern or rocky recess. 3. Arch. Concave arch or vault. [A. S. co/a, room or chamber.] COVE (kov), vt. [pr.p. COVING; p.t. and p.p. COVED (kovd).] Overarch. COVE (kov), n. Fellow; chap. (Slang.) COVENANT (kuv'e-nant), n. 1. Agreement or compact on certain terms. 2. Stipulation; condition. 3. Theol. Engagement entered into between Jehovah and some other being or person. — Old covenant, the Jewish dispensa- tion. — New covenant, the Christian dispensa- tion. [O. Fr.; from L. convenio, convene.] COVENANT (kuv'e-nant), v. [pr.p. COVE- NANTING; p.t. and p.p. COVENANTED.] I. vt. Grant or agree to by covenant. II. vi. Bind one's self by a covenant. COVENANTEE (kuv-e-nant-e' ), n. Party to whom a covenant is made — opposed to COVE- NANTOR. COVENANTER (kuv'e-nant-er), n. One who covenants; covenantor. — The Covenanters, signers or adherents of the Scottish National Covenant of 1638. COVENANTOR (kuv'e-nant-ur), n. That party to a covenant who subjects himself to the penalty of its breach — opposed to COV- ENANTEE. COVER (kuv'er), v. [pr.p. COVERING; p.t. and p.p. COVERED (kuv'erd).] I. vt. 1. Over- spread or overlay with anything. 2. Clothe; envelop; invest; infold; wrap. 3. Conceal from sight by intervening. 4. Put the usual covering on, as to cover the head with a cap or the face with a veil. 5. Hide from notice; disguise; cloak; veil. 6. Shelter; protect; shield; defend. 7. Bring within range; aim at, as to cover with a gun. 8. Comprehend; embrace; include; balance; compensate; comprise. 9. Suffice for. 10. Pass over. 11. Incubate; brood on. II. vi. Put or wear a hat or other covering on the head. [Fr. couvrir; from L. cooperio; from con-, wholly, and operio, hide, cover.] COVER (kuv'er), n. 1. That which covers, in any sense. 2. Undergrowth, thicket, etc., sheltering game. 3. Articles necessary for one person at table — plate, knife, fork, nap- kin, etc. 4. Screen; cloak; disguise. 5. Con- cealment; hiding. 6. Swindler's confederate. COVERER (kuv'gr-er), n. 1. One who covers. 2. Cover or covering. COVERING (kuv'er-ing), n. Anything which serves as a cover. COVERLET (kuv'er-let), n. Upper covering of a bed; quilt. COVERT (kuv'ert), I. a. 1. Covered; sheltered. 2. Secret; concealed; private. 3. Law. Under protection. II. n. 1. Something that covers or affords protection; shelter. 2. Something that conceals. — Femme covert, married woman. [Fr. convert, p.p. of couvrir, cover.] COVERTLY (kitv'ert-li), adv. In a covert man- ner; not openly. COVERTURE (kuv'er-tur), n. 1. Covering; protection; shelter. 2. Law. Condition of a married woman as legally under the protec- tion of her husband. COVET (kuv'et), v. [pr.p. COVETING; p.t. and p.p. COVETED.] I. vt. 1. Desire or wish for eagerly. 2. Desire inordinately; have a desire to unlawfully possess. II. vi. Indulge inordinate desire. [O. Fr. covoiter; from L. cupio, desire.] COVETABLE (kuv'et-a-bl), a. To be wished for or coveted. COVETOUS (kuv'et-us), o. Inordinately desir- ous; avaricious. CO VETOUSLY(kuv'et-us-li), adv. In a covetous manner. COVETOUSNESS (kuv'et-us-nes), n. Quality of being covetous. COVEY (kuv'i), n. Flock, — formerly applied to birds of any kind, but now only to quails and partridges. [O. Fr. couvee, brood.] COVING (ko'ving), n. Arch. 1. Projection of upper stories over lower. 2. Vertical sides of a fireplace. [COVE.] COW (kow), vt. [pr.p. COWING; p.t. and p.p. COWED (kowd).] Overawe; intimidate; keep under. [Etym. doubtful, probably from Ice. kuga, subdue.] COW (kow), n. [pi. COWS (kowz); older plu- rals, KINE and KVE, the latter now only Scotch.] 1. Female of the bovine animals. 2. Female of some other larger animals, as the whale, seal, etc. [A. S. cu.] COWARD (kow'ard), I. n. Person without courage; craven; dastard; poltroon. II. a. Cowardly. [Fr. couard; from L. cauda, tail.] COWARDICE (kow'ard-is), ». Want of cour- age; timidity. COWARDLINESS (kow'ard-li-nes), n. Quality of being cowardly. COWARDLY (kow'ard-li), I. a. Afraid of dan- ger; timid; faint-hearted. II. adv. In a cow- ardly manner. COWBIRD (kow'- berd), n. Small American black- bird so called from its fondness for barn-yards and cattle. COWBOY (kow'- boi) n. 1. Boy Cowbird (Molothrus pecoris). who has the care of cows. 2. Mounted cattle- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, btirn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. COWCATCHER 299 CRACK herder, employed to look after the cattle on a ranch. COWCATCHER (kow'kach-gr), n. Inclined triangular frame on the front of a locomotive to throw obstacles from the track; locomotive pilot. COWER (kow'er), vi. [pr.p. COWERING; p.t. and p.p. COWERED (kow'erd).] Crouch, for protection or in fear; quail. [Ice. kura, lie quiet.] I/O WES (kowz), n. Seaport, north corner of the Isle of Wight. COWHAGE (kow'aj), n. Tropical climbing plant of the bean family, the hairs of the pods of which are used as a mechanical vermifuge. [Hind. kaw&nch.] COWHERD (kow'herd), n. One who herds cows. COWHIDE (kow'hld), n. 1. Skin of a cow. 2. Leather made from a cow's skin. 3. Whip made of cowhide, or of leather of any kind. COWHIDE (kow'hld), vt. {pr.p. COW'HIDING; p.t. and p.p. COW'HIDED.] Whip with a cow- hide. COWL (kowl), n. 1. Monk's hood. 2. Badge of monkhood. 3. Monk. 4. Cap for a chim- ney, smoke-stack, or ventilating pipe. [A. S. cufle.] COWLICK (kow'lik), n. Tuft of turned-up hair on the forehead. COWPLANT (cow'plant), n. Perennial plant of Ceylon, having a milky juice used for food. COWPOX (kow'poks), n. Contagious disease of cows, characterized by pimples on the udder, the source of vaccine. COWRY (kow'ri), n. [pi. COWRIES.] Small marine shell, used as money in Africa and the East Indies by uncivilized natives. [Hind. kauri.] COWSLIP (kow'slip), n. 1. Beautiful and fra- grant species of primrose, common in Eng- lish pastures. 2. American marsh-marigold. [A. S. cuslyppe.] COW-TREE (kow'tre), n. South American tree that produces a nourishing fluid resembling milk. COXA (koks'a), n. [pi. COX'iE (koks'e).] Kip or thigh. [L.] COXCOMB (koks'kom), n. 1. Comb or crest resembling that of a cock, which jesters for- merly wore in their cap. 2. Fop; dandy; dude. 3. Bot. Same as COCKSCOMB. [Cor- rup. of COCKSCOMB.] COXCOMBRY (koks'kom-ri), n. Manners of a coxcomb. COXWAIN (koks'wan or koks'n), n. Same as COCKSWAIN. COY(koi), a. 1. Modest; bashful; shy; diffident. 2. Arch; coquettish; roguish. [Fr. coi; from L. quietus, quiet.] COYISH (koi'ish), a. Somewhat coy. COYLY (koi'li), adv. In a coy manner. COYNESS (koi'nes), n. Quality of being coy. COYOTE (ko-yo'te or ki'ot), n. Prairie wolf, Crab. (Neptunus hastatus) . abundant in Mexico and Texas. [Sp.; from Mex. coyotl.] COYPU (koi'po), n. Large beaver-like rodent of South America, living in burrows near water, and feeding on aquatic plants. [Native name.] COZ (kuz), n. Cousin. [Abbr. of COZEN (for COUSIN).] COZEN (kuz'n), v. [pr.p. COZ'ENING; p.U and p.p. COZENED (kuz'nd).] I. vt. Deceive; cheat. II. vi. Practice deceit or trickery. [Fr. cousiner, claim kindred for one's own advan- tage; from cousin, cousin.] COZENAGE (kuz'n-aj), n. Act of cozening; cheating; defrauding. COZENER (kuz'n-er), n. One who cozens. COZILY (ko'zi-li), adv. Snugly; comfortably. COZY (ko'zi), I. a. [comp. CO'ZIER; superl, CO'ZIEST.] 1. Snug; comfortable. 2. So- cial; chatty. II. n. Padded cover for a tea- pot, to keep the tea warm. [Gael, cosach, snug; from cos, cave.] CRAB (krab), I. n. 1. Small wild apple, commonly called crab-apple. 2. Cul- tivated variety of the crab-apple. II. a. Sour; astringent. [Sw. krabbaple, crab-apple.] CRAB (krab), n. 1. Astron. Zodiacal constellation Cancer. 2. [c-] Zool. Any of the short-tailed division of decapod crustaceans. 3. [c-] Mech. Any device of the windlass type. 4. Crab-like vermin that at times infest the human body. [A. S. crabba.] CRAB-APPLE (krab'ap-1), n. Small tart va- riety of wild apple. CRABBED (krab'ed), a. 1. Peevish; morose; sour-tempered. 2. Perplexing; obscure. 3. Disagreeable; harsh. [From root of CRAB (crab-apple).] CRABBEDLY (krab'ed-li), adv. In a crabbed manner. CRABBEDNESS (krab'ed-nes), ». Quality of being crabbed. CRAB-TREE (krab'tre), n. Tree that bears crab-apples. CRACK (krak), v. [pr.p. CRACK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRACKED (krakt).] I. vt. 1. Cause to give out a sharp, sudden sound; as, to crack a whip. 2. Break into chinks; split. 3. Break open. 4. Cause to become partly severed. 5. Break with grief. 6. Utter or perform smoothly and smartly. 7. Open and drink. 8. Dement; craze. 9. Weaken or impair. II. vi. 1. Make a sharp sudden noise. 2. Open in chinks. 3. Fall to ruin. — Crack up, extol highly; puff. [A. S. cracian, crack — (imitative).] CRACK (krak), n. 1. Sudden, sharp noise. 2. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CRACK 300 CRAMP Opening made by disruption; chink. 3. Sharp blow. 4. One who is first rate in any pur- suit or pastime. 5. Peculiarity of voice, as when changing. 6. Crack-brained person. CRACK (krak), o. Excellent; superior; first- rate. (Colloq.) CRACK-BRAINED (krak'brand), o. Of weak intellect; queer. CRACKED (krakt), a. 1. Rent; split; having a crack or cracks. 2. Burst open or broken up. 3. Crack-brained. CRACKER (krak'er), n. 1. One who or that which cracks. 2. Firecracker. 3. Small firework, exploding when pulled asunder. 4. Poor white person. (Colloq.) CRACKER-JACK (krak'er-jak), n. 1. Superior article or specimen. 2. Kind of confection, consisting chiefly of taffy-coated popcorn and peanut kernels. (Colloq.) CRACKLE (krak'l), v. [pr.p. CRACK 'LING; p.t. and p.p. CRACKLED (krak'ld).] I. vt. Give the appearance of a network of small cracks in the glaze of, as china or glass. II. vi. Give out short, sharp and frequent cracks; crepitate. CRACKLE (krak'l), n. 1. Crackling noise. 2. Appearance of a network of small cracks in the glaze of china, glass, etc. CRACKLIN (krak'lin), n. Crackled chinaware. CRACKLING (krak'ling), n. 1. Decrepitation. 2. Rind of roast pork. 3. [pi.] Skinny parts of suet without tallow, CRACKNEL (krak'nel), n. 1. Light, brittle biscuit. 2. [pi.] Pieces of fat pork fried crisp. [From CRACK.] CRACKSMAN (kraks'man), n. [pi. CRACKS- MEN.] Burglar. (Slang or Colloq.) CRACOW (kra'ko), n. City, in Galicia, Austria. CRADLE (kra'dl), n. 1. Bed or crib in which Infants are rocked. 2. Infancy. 3. Place where one is born and brought up. 4. Frame in which anything is embedded. 5. Surg. Case for a broken limb. 6. Frame under a ship for launching it. 7. Agrlc. Frame of wood with long bending teeth fastened to a scythe, for cutting and laying grain. 8. Mining. Gold-washing machine. 9. Recep- tacle in which a corpse is incinerated. [A. S. cradol.] CRADLE (kra'dl), v. [pr.p. CRA'DLING; p.t. and p.p. CRADLED (kra'dld).] I. vt. 1. Lay or rock in a cradle. 2. Nurture. 3. Compose or quiet. 4. Cut and lay with a cradle, as grain. 5. Wash, as gold-bearing soil, in a miner's cradle. 6. Move in a cradle, as a ship. II. vi. Lie or lodge as in a cradle. CRADLING (kra'dling), n. Arch. Framework in arched or covered ceilings to which the laths are nailed. CRAFT (kraft), n. 1. Art; dexterity; skill. 2. Artifice; cunning. 3. Manual occupation; employment; trade. 4. Members of a par- ticular trade. 5. Ship or vessel, large or small; vessels collectively. — The craft, broth- erhood of freemasons. [A. S. crceft.] CRAFTILY (kraft'i-li), adv. With craft; art- fully; skillfully; cunningly. CRAFTINESS (kraft'i-nes), n. Cunning; art; skillfulness. CRAFTSMAN (krafts 'man), n. [pi. CRAFTS'- MEN.] Man skilled in any particular craft. CRAFTY (kraft'i), a. 1. Cunning; wily; deceit- ful. 2. Originally, skilled in a craft. [A. S. crceftig, skillful.] SYN. Artful; sly; subtle; shrewd; insidi- ous; guileful; tricky; fraudulent. ANT. Open; fair; candid; frank; honest; sincere; artless; ingenuous; straightforward. CRAG (krag), n. Rough, steep rock; rugged, broken cliff. [Wei. craig, rock.] CRAGGED (krag'ed), o. Having many crags; craggy. CRAGGINESS (krag'i-nes), w. Quality or state of being craggy. CRAGGY (krag'i), a. Full of crags or broken rocks. CRAGSMAN (krags'man), n. [pi. CRAGS'MBN.] One skilled in climbing crags. CRAKE (krak), n. Bird of the rail family, in England called corncrake, livng in fields and meadows, running with great rapidity, and having a harsh disagreeable cry. [Ice. krdka, crow.] CRAM (kram), v. [pr.p. CRAM'- MING; p.t. and p.p. CRAMMED (kramd).] I. vt. 1. Press close; pack tightly. 2. Fill to satiety; stuff. 3. Coach for special examination. 4. Make believe false or exaggerated tales. II. vi. 1. Eat greedily. 2. Crowd knowledge into the mind by hurried study; undergo cramming for an examination. [A. S. cram- mian, stuff.] CRAM (kram), n. 1. Act of cramming. 2. Sys- tem of cramming. 3. Information that has been crammed. 4. Crammer. CRAMBO (kram'bo), n. 1. Game in which one gives a word to which others endeavor to find a rhyme. 2. Word rhyming with one sug- gested. [Etym. doubtful.] CRAMMER (kram'er), n. One who crams. CRAMP (kramp), vt. [pr.p. CRAMPING; p.t. and p.p. CRAMPED (krampt).] 1. Bind, fasten or confine with a cramp. 2. Narrow down; confine. 3. Hinder or restrain the growth, progress or action of. [From the root of CRUMPLE.] CRAMP (kramp), n. 1. Mechanical device for binding two parts firmly together, as a piece Crake (Porzana porzana). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CRAMP 301 CEAPE of metal bent at each end. 2. Restrain; hindrance; shackle. CRAMP (kramp),n. Pathol. Spasmodic muscular contraction, attended with pain, caused usu- ally by sudden chill, as from damp sheets or wet feet. — Bather's cramp, paralysis attack- ing a person while bathing. — Writer's cramp, disease affecting constant writers, the muscles refusing to obey only on attempting to write. CRAMP (kramp), vt. [pr.p. CRAMP'ING; p.U and and p.p. CRAMPED (krampt).] Affect with cramps. CRAMPFISH (kramp'flsh), n. Electric ray or torpedo. CRAMP-IRON (kramp'i-urn), n. Piece of metal bent at both ends for binding things together; cramp. CRAMPON (kram'pon), CRAMPOON (kram'- p5n), n. 1. Grappling iron. 2. Pointed plate for the foot in hill climbing, etc. 3. Bot. Adventitious root, serving as a fulcrum or support. CRAMPT (kramp'i), a. 1. Affected with cramps. 2. Causing or producing cramps. CRANBERRY (kran'ber-i), n. [pi. CRANBER- RIES.] Red acid berry that grows on marshy land, used for sauce. [Etym. doubtful.] CRANCH (kranch), vt. [pr.p. CRANCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRANCHED (kraneht).] Same as CRUNCH. CRANE (kran), n. 1. Large wading bird, with long legs, neck, and bill. 2. Machine for raising and lowering heavy objects. 3. Si- phon or bent pipe for drawing liquor out of a cask. 4. Iron arm or beam fixed to the back of a fireplace, and used for suspending kettles, etc. [A. S. cran, crane (the bird).] Crane. CRANE (kran), v. [pr.p. CRA'NING; p.U and p.p. CRANED (krand).] I. vt. 1. Stretchout, as to crane the neck. 2. Hoist with, or as if with, a crane. II. vi. 1. Stretch out the neck, as a crane does. 2. In horsemanship, to pull up before a jump. CRANI-, CRANIO-, stem. Skull. [L. L. crani- um, skull.] CRANIAL, (kra'ni-al), a. Pertaining to the cra- nium. CRANIOGNOMT (kra-ni-og'no-mi), n. Science which interprets the phenomena of the skull. [Stem CRANIO-, and Gr. gnomS, opinion.] CRANIOGRAPHY (kra-ni-og'ra-fi), n. De- scription of the skull. [Stem CRANIO- and ■GRAPHT.] CRANIOLOGICAL (kra-ni-o-loj'Ik-al), o. Per- taining to craniology. CRANIOLOGIST (kra-ni-ol'o-jist), n. One skilled in craniology. CRANIOLOGY (kra-ni-ol'o-ji), n. Science that treats of the characteristics of skulls; phre- nology. [CRANI- and -OLOGY.] CRANIOMETER (kra-ni-om'e-ter), n. Instru- ment for measuring the skull. [CRANIO- and -METER.] CRANIOMETRY (kra-ni-om'e-tri), n. Measure- ment of the cranium. [CRANIO- and -MET- RY.] CRANIOSCOPY (kra-ni-os'ko-pi), n. Craniol- ogy. [CRANIO- and -SCOPY.] CRANIUM (kra'ni-um), n. [pi. CRA'NIA.] Skull; bony or cartilaginous case that in- closes the brain. [L. L., from Gr. kranion, skull.] CRANK (krangk), n. 1. Lever or arm on a shaft, driven by hand or by a connecting rod, its object being to convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion. 2. Crook or bend. 3. Conceit in speech. 4. Whim. 5. Person of abnormal, distempered, or unbalanced mind. 6. One governed by a hobby. [Dut. kronkel, rumple.] CRANK (krangk), v. [pr.p. CRANKING; p.U and p.p. CRANKED (krangkt).] I. vt. 1. Shape like a crank. 2. Provide with a crank. II. vi. Move in a zigzag manner. CRANK (krangk), a. 1. Naut. Liable to be up- set, as a top-heavy ship. 2. Shaky; rickety; tottering. [A. S. crane, weak.] CRANK (krangk), a. Brisk; merry. [Origin unknown.] CRANKINESS (krangk'i-nes), n. Quality of being cranky. CRANKNESS (krangk'nes), n. Quality of being crank. CRANKPIN (krangk'pin), n. Handle or pin used to transmit power to a crankshaft. CRANKSHAFT (krangk 'shaft), n. Shaft using crank as auxiliary to motive power. CRANKY (krangk'i), a. 1. Crooked. 2. In- firm; shaky; rickety. 3. Full of whims; crotchety. CRANNIED (kran'id), a. Having crannies, rents, or fissures. CRANNY (kran'i), n. [pi. CRAN'NIES.] Small narrow opening or fissure; crevice; chink. [Fr. cran, notch.] CRANNY (kran'i), vi. [pr.p. CRAN'NYING; p.U and p.p. CRANNIED (kran'id).] 1. Become full of crannies. 2. Haunt or frequent cran- nies. 3. Pass through crannies. CRAPE (krap), n. Kind of gauze made of silk, fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. CRAPPIE 302 CREAK often dyed black, and used in mourning. [Fr. crepe; from L. crispus, crisp.] CRAPPIE (krap'i), n. Bright-hued kind of sun- fish known as the Pomoxys annularis of the Mississippi river and tributary lakes and rivers of the middle Western States. Greatly sought for as a delicious food fish. Also found in some of the Southern States. CRAPS (kraps), «. Game of chance played with two dice. CRAPULENCE (krap'u-lens), n. Indisposition caused by overeating or drinking; surfeit. [L. crapula, drunken sickness.] CRAPY (kra'pi), a. Of the nature of, or re- sembling, crape. CRASH (krash), n. 1. Noise as of things break- ing or being crushed by falling. 2. Shock of two bodies meeting. 3. Failure of a com- mercial undertaking. [Imitative.] CRASH (krash), v. [pr.p. CRASHING; p.t. and p.p. CRASHED (krasht).] I. vt. Dash in pieces. II. vi. 1. Fall to pieces with a loud noise. 2. Make a crash. CRASH (krash), n. Coarse, strong linen. [L. cra8sus, coarse.] CRASS (kras), a. 1. Gross; thick; coarse. 2. Dull; stupid. [L. crassus, thick.] CRATE (krat), n. Wlckerwork case, or case made of slats, rods, etc., for packing crockery in, or for carrying fruit, etc. [L. cratis, hurdle.] CRATE (krat), vt. [pr.p. CRA'TING; p.t. and p.p. CRA'TED.] Put or pack in a crate. CRATER (kra'ter), n. 1. Bowl-shaped mouth of a volcano. 2. Any large bowl-shaped cavity. [Gr. krater, large bowl for mixing wine; from kerannymi, mix.] CRATERELLE (krat-er-el'), n. Species of truf- fle grown through grafting with the mush- room. CRAUNCH (kranch), vt. [pr.p. CRAUNCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRAUNCHED (krancht).] Same as CRUNCH. CRAVAT (kra-vaf), n. Kind of neckcloth. [Fr. cravate, a corruption of Croat.] CRAVE (krav), v. [pr.p. CRA'VING; p.t. and p.p. CRAVED (kravd).] I. vt. 1. Beg earnestly. 2. Demand or require. 3. Long for. II. vi. Feel an insatiable longing for anything. [A. S. crafian, crave.] SYN. Beg; beseech; entreat; supplicate; implore; desire. ANT. Abhor; abominate; loathe. CRAVEN (kra'vn), I. a. Cowardly. II. n. Cow- ard. [O. Fr. cravente; from L. crepo, break.] CRAVENETTE (kra-ven-ef), ». Waterproof cloth, used for overcoats; garment made of this material. CRAVING (kra'ving), n. 1. Vehement desire; longing; yearning. 2. Act of begging or beseeching. CRAW (kra), n. 1. Crop or first stomach of fowls. 2. Stomach of animals generally. [Dan. kro.] CRAWFISH (kra'flsh), CRAYFISH (kra'flsh), n. Crustacean of the genus Astacus or the genus Cam- barus, resem- bling, but smaller than, a lobster, found in fresh-water Crawfish (Cambarus affinis). streams. [Fr. cerevisse, crab.] CRAWFISH (kra'flsh), vi. [pr.p. CRAW FISH- ING; pt. and p.p. CRAWFISHED (kra'flsht).] Retract some hasty or ill-advised asser- tion or action; back out; back down. (Colloq.) CRAWL (kral), vi. [pr.p. CRAWL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRAWLED (krald).] 1. Move slowly along the ground, as a worm. 2. Creep. 3. Move feebly, stealthily, or sneakingly. 4. Have a sensation as of insects creeping over the flesh. [Ice. krafla.] CRAWL (kral), n. Act of crawling; creeping motion or sensation. CRAWL (kral), n. Pen or Inclosure in the water for containing fish; kraal. CRAWLER (kral'er), n. One who or that which crawls. CRAWLY (kral'i), a. Creepy, as a crawly sen- sation. CRAYFISH (kra'flsh), n. Same as CRAWFISH. CRAYON (kra'on), n. 1. Pencil made of chalk, pipe clay, etc., used for drawing. 2. Draw- ing or design done with crayons. 3. Com- position formed with a pencil, and used for drawing upon lithographic stones. 4. Elect. Arclight carbon-point. [Fr. crayon; from craie, chalk; from L. creta, chalk.] CRAZE (kraz), v. [pr.p. CRA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. CRAZED (krazd).] I. vt. 1. Made crazy or deranged. 2. Make minute cracks in, as the glaze of pottery. II. vi. 1. Become crazy or demented. 2. Become cracked, as the glaze of pottery. [Sw. krasa, crack.] CRAZE (kraz), n. 1. Mental derangement. 2. Mad fancy; freak of fashion; caprice; fad. 3. Minute crack in the glaze of pottery. CRAZED (krazd), a. 1. Deranged. 2. Cracked. CRAZILY (kra'zi-li), adv. In a crazy manner. CRAZINESS (kra'zi-nes), n. Quality of being crazy. CRAZY (kra'zi), a. [comp. CKA'ZIER; superl. CRA'ZIEST.] 1. Insane; demented. 2. Broken down; dilapidated; rickety. 3. Inordinately eager. (Colloq.) CRAZY-BONE (kra'zi-bon), n. Anat. Extrem- ity of the radical ligament in the elbow, a blow on which irritates the, nerve and causes a painful tingling; funny-bone. CRAZY- QUILT (kra'zi-kwilt), n. Patchwork counterpane or bedquilt. CREAK (krek), v. [pr.p. CREAK'ING; p.t. and fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, h§r; mite, mlt; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. CREAK 303 CREDIT p.p. CREAKED (krekt).] I. vt. Cause to make a sharp grating noise. II. vl. Make a sharp grating noise, as of a hinge. [From the sound.] CREAK (krek), n. Harsh, grating sound. CREAKY (krek'i), a. 1. Inclined to creak. 2. Creaking. CREAM (krem), n. 1. Oily substance that forms on milk, yielding butter when churned. 2. Best part of anything. 3. Any cream- like preparation, as cold cream for the skin, etc., or any dish largely made of cream, or like cream, as Ice-cream, etc. — Cream of tartar. Chem. Bitartrate of potash. [Fr. creme.] CREAM (krem), v. [pr.p. CREAM'ING; p.t. and p.p. CREAMED (kremd).] I. vt. Skim off the cream from. II. vl. Gather or form cream. CREAM-COLORED (krem'kul-urd), a. Of the color of cream. CREAMERY (krem'er-i), n. 1. Establishment where butter and cheese are made from the milk supplied by a number of producers. 2. Place where cream, milk, butter, etc., are sold. 3. Dairy-farm. CREAMINESS (krSm'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being creamy. CREAM-LAID (krem'lad), a. Of a cream-color and laid, or bearing linear water-lines as if laid, said of paper. CREA3I-NTJT (krem'nut), n. Brazil nut. CREAM-WOVE (krem'wov), a. Of a cream- color and woven, said of paper. CREAMY (krem'i), a. 1. Full of or like cream. 2. Gathering like cream. CREASE (kres), n. 1. Mark made by folding or doubling anything. 2. In cricket, a line indi- cating the boundaries of a particular space, as the position of a batter and bowler. [Bret. kHz, crease.] CREASE (kres), v. [pr.p. CREAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CREASED (krest).] I. vt. Make a crease or creases In. II. vi. Become creased, as from being folded. CREASE (kres), n. Same as CREESE CREASER (kres'er), n. One who or that which creases. CREASOTE (kre'a-sot), n. Same as CREOSOTE. CREASY (kres'i), a. Full of or marked with creases. CREATABLE (kre-a'ta-bl), o. Possible to be created. CREATE (kre-af), vt. [pr.p. CREA'TING; p.t. and p.p. CREA'TED.] 1. Bring into being or form out of nothing. 2. Cause; produce; be the occasion or author of. 3. Appoint; constitute; invest with a new character. [L. creo (p.p. creatus), create.] CREATIN (kre'a-tin), n. Crystallizable sub- stance found in the muscular tissue of ani- mals. [Gr. kreas, flesh.] CREATION (kre-a'shun), n. 1. Act of creating, especially the universe. 2. That which is created; the world; the universe. CREATIONISM (krS-a'shun-izm), n. 1. The- ory of special creation — opposed to EVOLU- TIONISM. 2. Theory that God immediately creates a soul for every human being born — opposed to TRADUCIANISM. CREATIONIST (kre-a'shun-ist), n. 1. Believer in the theory of special creation. 2. Be- liever In the doctrine of the immediate cre- ation of souls. CREATIVE (krS-a'tiv), a. 1. Having power to create. 2. That creates. CREATOR (kre-a'tiir), w. I. Supreme Being; Maker of the universe; God. 2. [c-] One who or that which creates; maker; producer. CREATURE (kre'tur or kre'chor), n. 1. What- ever has been created, animate or inanimate, especially every animate being, regarded as created. 2. Dependent; tool; puppet; hench- man. CRECHE (krash), n. Public day-nursery, for children whose parents are obliged to go from home to their daily work. [Fr.] CREDENCE (kre'dens), n. 1. Belief; confidence; credit; trust. 2. That which gives a claim to belief, credit, confidence, or trust. 3. Eccl. Small table beside the altar on which the bread and wine are placed before being con- secrated. [Fr., from L. L. credentla; from L. credens, pr.p. of credo, believe.] SYN. Faith; reliance; dependence; con- viction. ANT. Disbelief; distrust; sus- picion. CREDENDUM(kre-den'dum), n. [pi. CREDEN'- DA.] Theol. Thing to be believed; article of faith, as distinguished from AGENDUM, or practical duty. [L.] CREDENTIAL (kre-den'shal), n. 1. That which entitles to credit or confidence. 2. [pi.] Letters by which one claims confidence or authority, as the official warrant, commission, etc., given to an envoy as his claim to credit at a foreign court or capital. [CREDENCE.] CREDIBILITY (kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being credible. CREDIBLE (kred'i-bl), a. 1. Deserving of or en- titled to credit or belief. 2. Capable of being believed. [L. credibilis; from credo, believe.] CREDIBLY (kred'i-bli), adv. In a credible manner. CREDIT (kred'it), n. 1. Belief. 2. Reputa- tion or character of confidence or trust. 3. Reputation for solvency. 4. Sale on trust. 5. Time allowed for payment. 6. Side of an account on which payments received are en- tered. 7. Sum placed at a person's disposal In a bank on which he may draw to its amount. [Fr. credit; from L. credltus, p.p. of credo, be- lieve.] CREDIT (kred'it), vt. [pr.p. CREDITING; p.t. and p.p. CREDITED.] 1. Believe or accept as true. 2. Trust or confide in. 3. Sell on credit or trust to. 4. Enter on the credit side of an account. 5. Set or place to the credit of. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CREDITABLE 304 CRESCENDO CREDITABLE (kred'it-a-bl), a. Bringing credit or honor: praiseworthy. CREDITABLENESS (kred'it-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being creditable. CREDITABLY (kred'it-a-bli), adv. In a cred- itable manner. CREDITOR (kred'it-ur), n. One to whom a debt is owing; correlative to DEBTOR. CREDNERITE (kred'ner-it), n. Met. Gray man- ganate of copper. CREDO (kre'do), n, [pi. CREDOS (kre'doz).] 1. Creed. 2. Musical setting of creed for church service. [L.] CREDULITY (kre-du'li-ti), n. Disposition to believe on insufficient evidence; credulous- ness. CREDULOUS (kred'u-lus), a. Apt to believe without sufficient evidence. [L. credulus; from credo, believe.] CREDULOUSLY (kred'u-lus-li), adv. In a cred- ulous manner. CREDULOUSNESS (kred'u-lus-nes), n. Quality of being credulous; credulity. CREED (kred), n. 1. Summary of articles of religious belief. 2. Any system of belief. [A. S. creda; from L. credo, believe.] CREEK (krek), n. 1. Small inlet or bay of the sea. 2. Tidal estuary of a river. 3. Small river; brook. 4. Any turn or winding. [A. S. crecca.] CREEKY (krek'i), a. Full of, or abounding in, creeks. CREEL (krel), n. 1. Fisherman's basket. 2. Spinning-machine frame. [O. Fr. criol, chest.] CREEP (krep), vi. [pr.p. CREEPING; p.t. and p.p. CREPT (krept).] 1. Move with the body on, or close to, the ground, as a snake or a caterpillar. 2. Crawl on hands and knees, as a babe. 3. Move slowly. 4. Grow along the ground or on supports, as a vine. 5. Fawn or cringe. 6. Have the sensation of some- thing creeping over or under the skin. 7. Shudder from fear or repugnance. [A. S. creopan.] CREEPER (krep'er), n. 1. One who or that which creeps. 2. Bot. Creeping- plant. 3. Zool. One of any species of small climb- ing birds. 4. Instrument of iron with hooks or Creeper (Certhia familiaris) . Forma- . . tion of claw shown to the right. claws for drawing up things from the bottom of wells, rivers, or harbors. CREEPHOLE (krep'hol), n. 1. Hole into which to creep. 2. Subterfuge. CREEPINESS ( krep'i-nes ), n. State of being creepy. CREEPINGLY (krep'ing-li), adv. In a creeping manner. CREEPY (krep'i), a. Having a sensation as of something creeping over the flesh. CREESE (kres), n. Malay dagger with a wavy blade. [Malay, kris, dagger.] CREHUELA (kra-wa'la), n. Spanish linen cretonne lining. [Sp., dim of crea, linen.] CREMATE (kre'mat), vt. [pr.p. CREMATING; p.t. and p.p. CRE'MATED.] Dispose of by burning, as a corpse; reduce to ashes; incin- erate. [L. cremo (p.p. crematus), burn.] CREMATION (kre-ma'shun), n. Act of cre- mating. CREMATIONIST (kre-ma'shun-ist), n. One who advocates cremation, or burning of the dead. CREMATOR (kre-ma'ttir), n. 1. One who cremates. 2. Crematory. CREMATORIAL (kre-ma-to'rl-al), a. Pertain- ing to a crematory or to cremation. CREMATORY (kre'ma-to-ri), n. [pi. CRE'MA- TORIES.] Place where corpses are cremated. CRENATE (kre'nat), CRENATED (krS'na- ted), a. Bot. Having the edge notched. CREOLE (kre'61), n. 1. Native of Spanish South America or West Indies of European parent- age. 2. Native of Louisiana of French or Spanish stock. 3. In the English West Indies, a native born negro. [Sp. criollo.] CREOLE (kre'61), a. Of or pertaining to a creole or Creoles. CREOSOTE (kre'o-sot), n. Oily, colorless liquid obtained from the tar produced by the de- structive distillation of wood. [Gr. kreas, flesh, and soter, savior; from sozd, save.] CREPITACULUM (krep-i-tak'u-lum ), n. [pi. CREPITACULI ( krep-i-tak'u-li).] Vibratory sound-producing organ found in certain ani- mals, such as the locust, rattlesnake, katy- did, cricket, etc. [L., a rattle.] CREPITANT (krep'i-tant), a. Crackling; snap- ping. CREPITATE (krep'i-tat), vi. [pr.p. CREP'ITA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CREP'ITATED.] Crackle; snap; give out a kind of rattling sound, as the lungs in pneumonia. [L. crepito (p.p. crepi- tatus), freq. of crepo, crack, rattle.] CREPITATION (krep-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of crepitating. 2. Crackling or rattling sound detected in the lungs by auscultation in cases of pneumonia. CREPON (krep'on), n. Kind of thin fabric re- sembling crape, made of wool, silk, etc. [Fr.] CREPT (krept), v. Past tense of CREEP. CREPUSCULAR (kre-pus'ku-lar), CREPUS- CULOUS (kre-pus'ku-lus), a. Of or pertaining to twilight. [L. crepusculum; from creper, dark.] CRESCENDO (kres-sen'dd; - It. kre-shen'do), I. adv. "* Music. With slowly in- Crescendo, creasing volume of sound. II. n. Music. 1. Gradual increase in force or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CRESCENT 305 CRICKET Crescent Moon. loudness. 2. Passage marked by the sign < or the abbreviation cres. [It.] CRES CENT ( kr es 'ent) , 1. a. 1. Increasing or growing. 2. Shaped like a crescent or new moon. II. n. 1. Moon as it increases towards the first quarter, popularly called "new" moon. 2. Something shaped like a crescent moon, as the figure on the Turkish standard, range of buildings in curved form, etc. [L. crescens, pr.p. of cresco, increase, grow.] CRESCENTIC ( kres- sent'ik), a. Crescent- shaped; like a crescent. CRESS (kres), n. One of several species of plants which grow in moist places and have pungent leaves, used as salads and medicinally. [A. S. cresse.] CRESSET (kres'et), n. 1. Iron basket, jar, or open lamp filled with combustible material, placed on a beacon, lighthouse, wharf, etc. 2. Torch generally. [O. Fr. cresset, eras- set.] CREST (krest), n. 1. Tuft, comb, or other pro- jecting natural growth on the head of a bird or other animal. 2. Plume, tuft, ridge, or other ornament on the top of a helmet. 3. Her. Figure placed over a coat of arms. 4. Summit of anything, as a hill, wave, roof- ridge. 5. Anat. Ridge along the surface of a bone. 6. Bot. Fleshy appendage of a plant or seed in the form of a crest. 7. Figuratively, pride; spirit; courage. [O. Fr. creste; from L. crista, tuft.] CREST (krest), v. [pr.p. CREST'ING; p.t. and p.p. CREST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Furnish with a crest. 2. Serve as a crest for; crown. II. vi. Assume the form of a crest. CRESTED (krest'ed), a. Having a crest. CRESTFALLEN (krest'faln), a. Dejected; dis- pirited; abashed. CRETACEOUS (kre-ta'shus), a. Composed of, or like, chalk. [L. cretaceus; from cre*a,chalk.] CRETE (kret), n. Turkish island in Mediterra- nean. Area 3,326 sq. m. CRETIFICATION (kre-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. Con- version or calcination of matter into a chalk- like substance. CRETIN (krS'tin), n, Pathol. Person affected with cretinism. [Fr. cretin.] CRETINISM (kre'tin-izm), n. Pathol. State of defective mental development, associated with bodily deformity or arrested growth, occurring especially in connection with enlargement of the thyroid gland; it is common in the lower Alpine valleys. CRETONNE (kre-ton'), n. Strong printed cotton fabric, used for curtains or for covering furni- ture. [Fr.] CREVASSE (kre-vas'), n. 1. Cleft in a glacier. 2. Breach in a dam or levee. [Fr.] CREVICE (krev'is), n. Crack or rent; narrow opening; fissure. [O. Fr. crevace; from L. crepo, crack.] CREW (kro), n. 1. Company, squad, or gang, often in a bad or contemptuous sense. 2. Naut. Company of seamen who man a boat, vessel, or ship. [O. Fr. and O. Eng. accrue, accrument.] CREW (kro), v. Past tense of CROW. CREWEL (kro'el), n. Fine worsted yarn used for embroidery and tapestry. [Etym. doubt- ful.] CRIB (krib), n. 1. Rack or manger of a stable. 2. Stall for oxen. 3. Child's bed. 4. Cabin or cottage. 5. Corn bin; rack. 6. Framework, as the crib over the intake of an aqueduct. 7. Small raft of timber. 8. That which is stolen; plagiarism. 9. Translation or key used by schoolboys. 10. Made-up hand in card game of cribbage. [A. S. crib.] CRIB (krib), v. [pr.p. CRIB'BING; p.t. and p.p. CRIBBED (kribd).] I. vt. 1. Put away in a crib; confine. 2. Pilfer; plagiarize. II. vi. 1. Be confined or cooped up. 2. Be addicted to crib-biting. CRIBBAGE (krib'aj), n. Game of cards, in which the dealer makes up a third hand, called the "crib," for himself, partly from the hand of his opponent. CRIBBAGE-BOARD (krib'aj-b6rd), n. Board with small holes in which pegs are inserted to keep the score in the game of cribbage. CRIBBER (krib'er), n. One who or that which cribs. CRIB-BITER (krib'bi-ter), n. Horse given to crib-biting. CRIB-BITING (krib'bi-tlng), n. Vicious habit of horses, consisting in biting the manger and at the same time drawing in the breath with a peculiar noise. CRIBBLE (krib'l), n. 1. Coarse screen or sieve. 2. Coarse flour or meal. [L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum, sieve.] CRIBBLE (krib'l), vt.[pr.p. CRIB 'BONG ;p.t. and p.p. CRIBBLED (krib'ld).] Sift or riddle. CRIBLE (kre-bla'), a. Punctured like a sieve; dotted. [Fr.] CRIC (krik), n. Lip of a lamp burner used to condense flame. CRICK (krik), n. Spasm or cramp of the mus- cles, especially of the neck. [Al- lied to CROOK.] CRICKET (krik'- Cricket> et), n. Salta- torial, orthopterous insect, allied to grass- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " \X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CRICKET 306 CRISP hoppers and locusts. [O. Fr. criquet; from criquer, creak.] CRICKET (krik'et), n. Outdoor game played with bats, a ball, and wickets, between two sides of eleven each. [Fr. criquet; further etym. doubtful.] CRICKETER (krik'et-er), n. One who plays cricket. CRICOID (kri'koid), a. Anat. Ring-shaped. [Gr. krikos, ring, and eidos, form.] CRIED (krid), v. Past tense of CRT. CRIER (kri'er), n. One who cries or proclaims, especially an officer whose duty is to make public proclamations. CRIME (krim), n. 1. Law* Act committed or omitted in violation of a public law, either forbidding or commanding it and providing a penalty for the commission or omission. 2. Any act or omission that subjects one to punishment. [Fr., from L. crimen, accusa- tion.] SYN. Offense; misdeed; misdemeanor; felony; iniquity. CRIMEA (kri-me'a), n. Peninsula, S. Russia, on Black Sea. CRIMINAL (krim'i-nal), I. a. 1. Relating to crime. 2. Of the nature of a crime. 3. Guilty of crime. II. n. One guilty of crime; malefactor; culprit; convict. CRIMINALIST (krim'i-nal-ist), n. One versed in criminal law. CRIMINALITY (krim-i-nal'i-ti), n. Guiltiness; guilt. CRIMINALLY (krim'1-nal-i), adv. In a criminal manner. CRIMINATE (krim'1-nat), vt. [pr.p. CRIM'INA- TING; p.t. and p.p. CRIMINATED.] 1. Accuse of a crime. 2. Involve in a crime. CRIMINATION (krim-i-na'shun), n. Act of criminating. CRIMINATIVE (krim'i-na-tiv), a. Accusing, or involving accusation. CRIMINATORY (krim'i-na-to-ri), a. Same as CRIMINATIVE. CRIMINOLOGIST (krim-i-nol'o-jist), n. One versed in criminology. CRIMINOLOGY (krim-i-nol'o-ji), n. Science that treats of crime and criminals. [L. cri- men, crime, and -OLOGT.] CRIMP (krimp), vt. [pr.p. CRIMPING; p.t. and p.p. CRIMPED (krimpt).] 1. Crimple; flute. 2. Make crisp. 3. Pinch and hold tightly. 4. Seize or decoy, as for impressment. [Dut. crimpen, shrink.] CRIMP (krimp), I. a. [comp. CRIM'PER; superl. CRIMP'EST.] 1. Friable; brittle. 2. Not consistent; weak. II. n. 1. That which is crimped. 2. Crimper. 3. One who decoys another in any way. 4. [pi.] Crimped hair. CRIMPAGE (krimp'aj), n. Act of crimping. CRIMPER (krimp'er), n. 1. One who crimps. 2. Tool or machine for crimping. CRIMPLE (krimp'l), vt. [pr.p. CRIMP'LING; p.t. and p.p. CRDIPLED (krimp'ld).] Contract or draw together; corrugate; cause to curl up or together. [Dim. of CRIMP.] CRIMPY (krimp'i), a. Crinkly; frizzled. CRIMSON (krim'zn), I. n. Deep red color tinged with blue; red in general. II. a. Deep red. [O. Fr. cramoisin; from Ar. qemazi, cochi- neal insect.] CRIMSON (krim'zn), v. [pr.p. CRIMSONING; p.t. and p.p. CRIMSONED (krim'znd).] I. vt. Render crimson. II. vi. Become crimson; redden; blush. CRINGE (krinj), vi. [pr.p. CRIN'GING; p.t. and p.p. CRINGED (krinjd).] 1. Bend or crouch with servility. 2. Submit; fawn. [A. S. crin- gan, shrink.] CRINGE (krinj), n. Servile obeisance. CRINGELING (krinj 'ling), n. Cringer; fawner. CRINGER (krin'jer), n. One who cringes. CRINGLE (kring'gl), n. Naut. Small piece of rope worked into the bolt-rope of a sail, and containing a metal ring or thimble. [Ice. kringla, circle.] CRINITE (kri'nit), a. Bot. Resembling a tuft of hair. [L. crinitus, hairy; from crinis, hair.] CRINKLE (kring'kl), v. [pr.p. CRIN'KLING; p.t. and p.p. CRINKLED (kring'kld).] I. vt. Twist; wrinkle; crimp. II. vi. Wrinkle up; curl. [Dut. krinkelen, curl.] CRINKLE (kring'kl), n. Wrinkle; twist; short bend or turn. CRINKLY (kringk'li), a. Having the appearance of being crinkled. CRINOID (krl'noid), I. a. Pertaining to the Crinoidea. II. n. One of the Crinoidea. CrINOIDEA ( kri-noi'de-a), n.pl. Zool. Class of echinoderms, sometimes called feather-stars or sea-lilies, and well-known in fossil forms as encrinites or stone-lilies. [Gr. krinon, lily, and eidos, form.] CRINOLINE (krin'o-lin), n. 1. Stiff fabric, originally of horsehair, employed to extend woman's attire. 2. Hooped skirt. 3. Netting round ships as a guard against torpedoes. [Fr., from L. crinis, hair, and linum, flax.] CRIPPLE (krip'l), n. 1. Lame person. 2. Per- son or animal lacking the natural use of any bodily member or members. [A. S. crypel; from creopan, creep.] CRIPPLE (krip'l), vt. [pr.p. CRIP'PLING; p.t. and p.p. CRIPPLED (krip'ld).] 1. Make lame; lame. 2. Disable; impair the efficiency of. CRISIS (krl'sis), n. [pi. CRISES (kri'sez).] 1. Decisive moment or turning point. 2. Med. Point when a disease is at its height; turning- point of a disease. [Gr. krisis; from krino, decide.] CRISP (krisp), a. [comp. CRISP'ER; superl. CRISP'EST.] 1. Curling closely. 2. Having a wavy surface. 3. So dry as to be crumbled easily. 4. Brittle, or short, as "crisp cakes," etc. 5. Fresh and bracing, as "crisp air." 6. Firm, the opposite of LIMP or FLABBY, fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not. move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CRISP 307 CROCODILIAN as a "crisp style" in writing. [A. S., from L. crispus, curled.] CRISP (krlsp), v. [pr.p. CRISP'ING; p.U and p.p. CRISPED (krispt).] I. vt. 1. Curl or twist. 2. Make crisp or wavy. 3. Make brittle. II. vi. 1. Crinkle. 2. Crackle. CRISPATE (kris'pat), a. Having a crisped or wavy appearance. CRISPER (krisp'er), n. One who or that which crisps. CRISPIN (krls'pln), n. Shoemaker. [From Crispin of Solssons, patron saint of the craft, martyred Oct. 25th, 287.] CRISPLY (krisp'li), adv. In a crisp manner. CRISPNESS (krisp'nes), n. Quality of being crisp. CRISPY (krisp'i), a. 1. Curled. 2. Brittle. 3. Refreshing; bracing. CRISSCROSS (kris'kras), I. n. 1. Mark formed by the lines in the form of a cross, as that of a person unable to write his name. 2. Child's game played on a slate, the lines being drawn in the form of a cross. II. a. Crossing one another, as lines, in opposite directions. III. adv. Crosswise. [Said to be for Christ's CROSS.] CRISSCROSS (kris'kras), vt. [pr.p. CRISS'- CROSSING; p.t. and p.p. CRISSCROSSED (kris'krast).] 1. Sign with a crisscross. 2. Cover with intersecting lines. CRITERION (kri-te'ri-un), n. [pi. CRI'TERIA.] Means or standard of Judging; test; rule; canon. [Gr., from krites, judge.] CRITH (krith), n. Chemical unit of mass for gases; mass of one liter of hydrogen. [Gr. krithS, barley.] CRITIC (krit'lk), n. 1. One skilled in estimating the quality of literary or artistic work. 2. Professional reviewer. 3. One skilled in text- ual or Biblical criticism, literature, the fine arts, etc. 4. Fault-finder. [Gr. kritikos; from krind, judge.] CRITIC AL(krit'lk-al), a. 1. Relating to criticism. 2. Discriminating. 3. Captious. 4. Decisive. 5. Scrupulous; fastidious. 6. Perilous; haz- ardous. CRITICALLY (krit'ik-al-i), adv. In a critical manner. CRITIC ALNESS (krlt'ik-al-nes), n. Quality of being critical. CRITICISE (krit'1-siz), v. [pr.p. CRITICISING; p.t. and p.p. CRITICISED (krit'i-sizd).] I. vt. 1. Pass judgment on. 2. Censure. II. vi. Express critical judgment or censure. CRITICISM ( krlt'i-sizm ), n. 1. Act or art of judging, especially in literature or the fine arts. 2. Critical judgment or observation. 3. Act of finding fault; censure. — Higher or historical criticism, inquiry into the com- position, date, and authenticity of the books of Scripture, from historical and literary con- siderations. CRITIQUE (krl-tek'), n. Critical examination of any production; review. [Fr.] CROAK (krok), vi. [pr.p. CROAK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CROAKED (kr&kt).] 1. Utter a low hoarse sound, as a frog or raven. 2. Grum- ble. 3. Forebode evil. 4. Utter croakingly. 5. Die. (Slang.) [From the sound.] CROAK (krok), n. Low hoarse sound, as of a frog or raven. CROAKER (krok'er), n. 1. One who or that which croaks. 2. Fresh-water fish {Micro- pogon undulatus). CROAT (kro'at),n. Member of the Slavonic race in- habiting Croatia, especial- ly one serving as a soldier in the Austrian army. CROCHET (kr&-sha'), n. Kind of handiwork in fancy worsted, cotton, or silk — an extensive system of looping, by means of a small hook. [Fr.] CROCHET (kro-sha'), v. [pr.p. CROCHETING (krS- sha'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. CROCHETED ( kro- shad').] I. vt. Knit or make in the style of crochet. II. vi. Do crochet handiwork. CROCK (krok), n. Earthen pot or jar. [A. S. croc] CROCK (krok), vt. [pr.p. CROCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CROCKED (krokt).] Pack in a crock. CROCK (krok), n. 1. Black or soot of a pot or kettle. 2. Coloring matter rubbed off from dyed fabric. [Probably from CROCK (pot or kettle).] CROCK (krok), vi. [pr.p. CROCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CROCKED (krokt).] Give off coloring matter, as the dye from cloth. CROCKERY (krok'er-i), n. Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay. CROCKET (krok'et), n. Arch. Ornament on the angles of spires, canopies, etc., like curled Croat. leaves or flowers. CROCODILE (krok'o-dil), n. Large liz- ard-like rep- tile, found in the Nile and other rivers of Africa, al- so in Asia and Amer- ica. It was Egyptians. — [Fr. crochet, little hook.] Crocodile (Crocodilus niloticus). held sacred among the ancient Crocodile tears, affected tears; hypocritical grief — from the old story that crocodiles (which have large lachrymal glands) shed tears over the hard necessity of killing their prey. [Gr. krokodeilos, lizard.] CROCODILIA(krok-o-dil'i-a),n.pZ. Zool. High- est order of existing reptiles, embracing the crocodiles, alligators, etc. [L.L. — L. crocodilus, crocodile.] CROCODILIAN (krok-o-dil'i-an), a. Pertaining to or like the crocodile or the Crocodilia. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, bh=ch in Scotch loch. CROCUS 308 CROSS Crocus (Crocus sativus) . CROCUS (kro'kus), n. Bot. 1. Genus of bul- bous plants of the iris family, with brilliant yellow or purple flowers. 2. [c-] Plant > of this genus. 3. Chem. Any metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color. [Gr. krokos.] CROFT (kraft), n. Piece of inclosed ground adjoining a house; close. [A. S.] CROFTER (kraft'er), «. One who cultivates a croft. CROMA (kro'ma), n. Music. An eighth note, or quaver. [It.] CROMLECH (krom'lek), n. Archeol. 1. Circle of standing stones. 2. Formerly a dolmen, with which it is still sometimes confounded in England. [Wei., from crom, circular, and llech, stone.] CROMORNA (kro-mar'na), n. Music. Clarinet- like reed-stop in an organ. [Fr.;from Ger. krummhorn.'] CRONE (kron), n. Old woman, usually in con- tempt — sometimes an old man. [O. Fr. carogne, crabbed woman.] CRONOS (kro'nos), n. Greek Myth. Son of Uranus and Ge, identified with Saturn of Roman mythology. CrONSTADT (kron'stat), n. Seaport, Russia, on Kotlin Island, Gulf of Finland. CRONY (kro'ni), n. [pi. CRO'NIES.] Intimate companion. [Etym. unknown.] CROOK (krpk), n. 1. Rend; curve; turn; any- thing bent. 2. Music. Curved tube used to lower the pitch of a cornet, etc. 3. Staff bent at the end, as a shepherd's crook, bishop's crook, etc. 4. Pothook. 5. Artifice or trick. 6. Pickpocket; habitual criminal. [Ice. krokr, hook.] CROOK (krok), v. [pr.p. CROOK'ING; p.t. and p.p. CROOKED ( krokt).] I. vt. 1. Rend or form into a hook. 2. Turn from the straight line or from what is right. II. vi. Rend; become crooked. CROOK-RACK (krok'bak), n. One who has a crooked back; hunchback. CROOKED (krok'ed), a. [comp. CROOK'EDER; superl. CROOK'EDEST.] 1. Rent like a crook; not straight. 2. Deviating from rectitude. 3. Untrustworthy; tricky; dishonest. CROOKEDLY (krok'ed-li), adv. In a crooked manner. CROOKEDNESS (krpk'ed-nes), n. 1. Quality of being crooked. 2. Rascality; trickery. CROOKESITE (kroks'it), n. Min. Rare me- tallic mineral, consisting of copper, thallium, and silver, occurring in lead-like metallic masses. [See CROOKES TUBE.] CROOKES TURE (kroks tub). Physics. High vacuum tube for showing any of the phenomena of the ultra-gaseous state of matter. [From William Crookes, English physicist.] CROON (kron), v. [pr.p. CROONING; p.t. and p.p. CROONED (krond).] I. vt. 1. Utter in low monotonous tones. 2. Sing or hum in an undertone. II. vi. Sing or hum a low monotonous tune. [Imitative.] Crookes Tube. CROON (kron), CROONING (kron'ing), n. Low murmuring sound. CROP (krop), n. 1. Yield of any particular prod- uct, as the apple crop, corn crop, etc., consid- ered as growing or as gathered in harvest. 2. Anything cut off or cropped, or the act of cut- ting it off. 3. Hair or beard cut close or short. 4. Mining. Rest ore. 5. Craw of a bird. 6. Arch. Finial. [A. S. crop, top shoot of a plant; crop of a bird.] CROP (krop), v. [pr.p. CROP'PING; p.t. and p.p. CROPPED (kropt).] I. vt. 1. Cut off the top or tip of; lop. 2. Mow or reap, as the harvest. 3. Pluck off; pull off or gather. 4. Eat off; graze; browse. 5. Cut off closely; clip. II. vi. Erowse; graze. — Crop out. 1. Appear or come to light incidentally. 2. Appear above the surface. CROQUET (kro-ka'), n. 1. Lawn game in which two or more players try to drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a series of arches set in the ground. 2. Act of croquet- ing. [Fr. crochet; from croc, hook.] CROQUET (kro-ka'), vt. [pr.p. CROQUETING (kro-ka'ing); p.t. and p.p. CROQUETED (kr6- kad').] In the game of croquet, to send off (an adversary's ball) by striking one's own in contact with it. CROQUETTE (kro-kef), n. Rail of minced meat, chicken, etc., seasoned and fried. [Fr. croquer, crunch.] CROQUIS (kro-ke'), n. Outline design for work of art. [Fr.] CROSIER, CROZIER (kro'zher), n. Cross mounted on a staff, borne before archbishops and patriarchs — often confounded with pastoral staff. [O. Fr. crocicr; from L. crux, cross.] CROSS (kras), n. 1. Christianity — from Christ's death on the cross. 2. [c-] Ancient gibbet, consisting of two pieces of tim- ber, one placed crosswise on the other. 3. [c-] Represen- tation of a cross. 4. [c-] Chosen symbol of Christianity, as the instrument on which Christ was crucified. 5. [c-] Mark in the Crosier. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. CROSS CROSS-PURPOSE shape of a cross; crisscross. 6. [c-] Trial, trouble, or affliction, regarded as a test of patience or virtue. 7. [c-] Mixing of breeds. 8. [c-] Hybrid. 9. [c-] Something inter- mediate in character between two other things. 10. [c-] Anything that crosses or thwarts. 11. [c-] Contact between two tele- phone circuits. [O. Fr. crois; from L. crux, cross.] . Latin. 2. St. Andrew's. 3. Greek. 4. Patriar- chal. 5. Jerusalem. 6, Papal. 7. Maltese. CROSS (kras), v. [pr.p. CROSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CROSSED (krast).] I. vt. 1. Lay one body or draw one line across (another). 2. Cancel by drawing cross-lines. 3. Pass from side to side. 4. Make the sign of the cross upon. 5. Breed from different varieties of. 6. Ob- struct; thwart. 7. Come or move across the pathway of. 8. Intersect. II. vi. 1. Lie or be athwart. 2. Pass from side to side directly or obliquely. 3. Interbreed. CROSS (kras), adv. 1. Across; athwart. 2. In opposition; adversely. CROSS (kras), a. [comp. CROSS'ER; superl. CROSS'EST.] 1. Peevish; ill-humored; out of temper. 2. Transverse; oblique. 3. Counter, as a cross-action, crossbill, etc. SYN. Fretful; fractious; peevish; snap- pish; touchy; grouchy. ANT. Kind; pa- tient; uncomplaining. CROSS-BAR (kras'bar), n. Transverse bar. CROSS-BARRED (kras'bard), a. 1. Secured by transverse bars. 2. Marked with crossing bars or lines. CROSSBILL (kras'bil), n. Bird resembling the bullfinch, with the mandibles of the bill cross- ing each other near the points. CROSS-BONES (kras'bonz), n.pl. Figure of two thigh-bones laid across each other — together with the skull forming a conventional emblem of death. CROSSBOW (kras'bd), n. Weapon for shooting arrows, formed of a bow placed crosswise on a stock. CROSS-BRED (kras'bred), a. Produced by a crossing of breeds; hybrid; mongrel. CROSS-BREED (kras'bred), n. Breed or animal produced by crossing of different breeds, strains, or varieties; hybrid. CROSS-BUN (kras'bun), n. Bun marked with the form of a cross, eaten on Good-Friday. CROSS-COUNTRY (kras'kun-tri), a. Pertaining to a route across the country, regardless of the traveled ways. CROSSCUT (kras'kut), n. 1. Short traverse. 2. Mining. Drift from a shaft to intersect a vein of ore. CROSSCUT (kras'kut), vt. [pr.p. CROSS'CUT- TING; p.t. and p.p. CROSSCUT.] Cut cross- wise, or across. CROSSCUT-SAW (kras'kut-sa), n. Saw for cut- ting timber across the grain. CROSSED (krast), a. 1. Marked with a cross. 2. Obliterated or canceled by having a line drawn through, usually expressed crossed out. CROSSED-WIRE (krast'wir), n. [pi. CROSSED- WIRES (krast'wirz).] Elec. Wire that inter- feres with or interrupts an electric current by crossing or otherwise coming in contact with another wire through which the current is being transmitted. CROSS-EXAMINATION (kras-eks-am-i-na'- shun), n. Law. Examination of a witness by opposing counsel upon matters regarding which he has been examined in chief. CROSS-EXAMINE (kras-eks-am'in), vt. [pr.p. CROSS-EXAM'INING; p.t. and p.p. CROSS- EXAMINED (kras-eks-am'ind).] Law. Con- duct a cross-examination of, as a witness who has been examined in chief. CROSS-EXAMINER (kras-eks-am'i-ner), n. One who cross-examines. CROSS-EYE (kras'I), n. Strabismus. CROSS-EYED (kras'id), a. Affected with stra- bismus; having the eyes turned inward to- ward the nose. CROSS-FIRE (kras'fir), n. Mil. Crossing of lines of fire from two or more points. CROSS-GRAINED (kras'grand), a. 1. Having the grain or fibers crossed or intertwined. 2. Perverse; contrary; intractable. CROSS-GUARD (kras'gard), n. Bar, at right angles to the blade, forming the hilt-guard of a sword, sometimes called cross-hilt. CROSS-HATCHING (kras'hach-ing), n. Act of shading by parallel intersecting lines. CROSS-HILT (kras-hilt), n. Same as CROSS- GUARD. CROSSING (kras 'ing), n. 1. Act of going across. 2. Place where a roadway, etc., may be crossed. 3. Intersection, as of railways, etc. 4. Act of thwarting or interfering with. 5. Hybridizing. CROSS-LEGGED (kras'legd), a. Having the legs crossed. CROSSLY (kras'li), adv. In a cross manner; peevishly. CROSSNESS (kras'nes), n. Quality or state of being cross; ill-humor. CROSSPATCH (kras'pach), n. Ill-natured per- son. CROSS-PURPOSE (kras 'pur-pus), n. 1. Con- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, lsh=ch in Scotch loch. CROSS- QUESTION 310 CROWD trary purpose. 2. Contradictory conduct or system. CROSS-QUESTION (kras'kwes-chun), vt. [pr.p. CROSS'QUESTIONING; p.U and p.p. CROSS- QUESTIONED (kras'kwes-chund).] 1. Ques- tion minutely. 2. Cross-examine. CROSS-REFERENCE (kras'ref-er-ens), «. Ref- erence in a book to another title or pas- sage. CROSS-ROAD (kras'rod), n. 1. Road crossing a principal road. 2. By-road. 3. [pi.] Place where roads intersect. CROSS-SEA (kras'se), n. Naut. Sea that sets at an angle to the direction of the wind. CROSS-TALK (kras'tak), n. Conversation over one telephone circuit that is heard in a neigh- boring circuit. CROSS-TIE (kras'ti), n. 1. Railway sleeper. 2. Arch. Connecting band in building. CROSSTREE (kras'tre), n. Naut. One of the pieces of timber across the upper ends of the lower and top-masts. CROSSWAY (kras'wa), n. Way that crosses an- other; cross-road. CROSS-WIRE (kras'wir), n. 1. Elec. Live wire detached at one end and interfering with the transmission of another live wire properly connected. 2. Wire placed transversely or across another. CROSSWISE (kras'wiz), adv. 1. Across. 2. In the form of a cross. CROTALIN (krot'a-lin), n. Chem. Toxic pro- teid found in the venom glands of snakes. CROTCH (croch), n. 1. Fork, as of a tree. 3. Naut. Forked post for supporting a boom or horizontal spar. [Allied to CROTCHET.] CROTCHED (krocht), a. 1. Forked. 2. Crotchety; peevish. CROTCHET (kroch'et), n. 1. Small hook. 2. Music. Quarter note. 3. Perverse fancy; whim. [Fr. crochet, small hook.] CROTCHETY (kroch'et-i), o. Whimsical; fanci- ful. CROTON (kro'- tun), n. 1. Gen- us of tropical plants, includ- ing the species Croton Tiglium, which yields croton-oil. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus. [Gr. krotdn, tick or mite, which the seed of the plant resembles.] CROTON-BUG (kr6'tun-bug), n. Long-winged species of cock- roach; water-bug. CROTON-OIL (krd'tun-oll), ». Croton (Croton tiglium). Medicinal oil expressed from the seeds of the Croton Tig' lium. See CROTON. It is a speedy and powerful purgative. CROUCH (krowch), vi. [pr.p. CROUCH'ING; p.U and p.p. CROUCHED (krowcht).] 1. Squat or lie close to the ground, as an animal ready to spring. 2. Cringe; fawn. [Allied to CROOK.] CROUP (krop), n. 1. Rump of a horse. 2. Place behind the saddle. [Fr. croupe.] CROUP (krop), n. Pathol. Spasm of the glottis, a common complaint among young children, characterized by difficult breathing accom- panied with a stridulous crowing inspiration. [From the sound made.] CROUPIER (kro'pi-er; Fr. kro-pya'), n. 1. One who watches the cards and collects the money •at a gaming table. 2. Assistant chairman at a public dinner. [Fr.] CROUPOUS (krop'us), a. Showing symptoms of croup. CROUPT (krop'i), a. Of, pertaining to, or like croup; croupous. CROUT (krowt), n. Same as KRAUT in SAUER- KRAUT. CROUTON (kro-tang'), n. Bread cut in shape of small cubes and fried to a crisp brown to be used in cookery. [Fr.] CROW (kro), n. 1. Amer- ican bird about ten or twelve inches in length, the Corvusamericanus, of glossy black plum- age, noted for its harsh cry. 2. In England the rook, Corvusfrugi- legus. 3. Any bird of the genus Corvus, which includes the American Crow (Corvus brachyhynchus) . carrion crow, hooded crow, magpies, jays, etc. 4. Cry of a cock, or any similar sound. 5. Crowbar. [A. S. crawe; from crawan, cry like a cock; imitative.] CROW (kro), vi. [pr.p. CROWING; p.U CREW (kro) or CROWED (krod) ; p.p. CROWED.] 1. Utter the peculiar cry or call of a cock. 2. Exult; boast; brag; swagger. [A. S. crawan.] CROWBAR (kro'bar), n. Iron bar used as a lever. CROWD (krowd), n. 1. Large gathering or collection of persons or things; multitude; throng; jam. 2. Mass of the people; popu- lace. 3. Gang; coterie; clique; set. [A. S. croda; from creodan, crowd, press.] CROWD (krowd), v. [pr.p. CROWD'ING; p.U and p.p. CROWD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Fill to excess, as to crowd a hall with people. 2. Pack closely together. 3. Push; shove; urge along. II. vi. 1. Collect in crowds; swarm. 2. Press on; push; shove. [A. S. creodan.] CROWD (krowd), n. Ancient musical instru- ment, like a violin, with six strings, four of which were played with a bow, and the two fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CROWNS £ CORONETS. MITER OF THE BISHOP Or DURHAM ERRONEOUSLY ASSIGNED TO ARCHBISHOPS OLIVE-CROWN CROWN OF KING OF ARMS DITTO PRINCE OF PRINCESSES CORONET OF NAVAL CORONET OR CROWN A DUKE OF FRANCE DITTO DUKE OF GLOUCESTER AND PRNCESS SOPHIA MATILDA EARL CORONET OR CROWN VALLAIRIE MURAL CORONET OR CROWN CELESTIAL CORONET OR CROWN CROWN OF ENGLAND OF EDWARD I EASTERN OR ANTIQUE CORONET CORONET OF A BARON OF FRANCE WREATH CHAPEAU OR CAP OF MAINTENANCE STATE CAP OF LORD MAYOR OF LONDON CORONET PALUSADO. MORTIER A CAP OF STATE MORTIER ACAPOFSTATE Copyright, 1911 , by Tm. H. Lee. CROWDER an cruise others plucked with the thumb. [Wei. crwth, violin.] CROWDER (krowd'er), n. One who crowds. CROWFOOT (kro'fot), n. [pi. CROWFOOTS.] 1. Bot. Any plant of the buttercup family; buttercup. 2. Naut. Complication of small cords spreading out from a long block. CROWN (krown), n. 1. Diadem or state-cap of royalty; wreath of anything to be worn on the head. 2. Regal power. 3. Sovereign. 4. Honor; reward, as the "martyr's crown." 5. Top of anything, especially of the head. 6. Completion; accomplishment. 7. English coin stamped with a crown, especially the silver five-shilling piece. 8. Part of tooth beyond the gum. 9. Size of paper, because originally water-marked with a crown. 10. Arch. Species of spire or lantern formed by converging flying-buttresses. 11. Jewelry. Part of a cut gem above the girdle. — Crown land, land belonging to the crown or sovereign. — Crown prince, prince who succeeds to the crown. [O. Fr. corone; from L. corona, crown.] CROWN (krown), vt. [pr.p. CROWN'ING; p.U and p.p. CROWNED (krownd).] 1. Cover or Invest with a crown. 2. Invest with royal dig- nity. 3. Adorn with a wreath, garland, etc. 4. Dignify or reward. 5. Perfect; complete; consummate. 6. Dent. Place an artificial crown on; cap; as to crown a tooth. CROWNER (krown'er), n. 1. One who or that which crowns. 2. Coroner. (Provincial Eng.) CROWNLESS (krown'les), a. Having no crown. CROWNLET (krown'let), n. Small crown. CROWN-OFFICE (krown'of-is), n. Eng. Law. Section of the court of King's Bench which takes cognizance of all criminal cases. CROWNWORK (krown'wurk), n. 1. Fort. Out- work composed of a bastion between two curtains, with demi-bastions at the extremes. 2. Dent. Placing of porcelain or metal crowns on decayed teeth; or the crowns so placed. CROW'S-BILL (kroz'bil), n. Surg. Kind of forceps for extracting bullets, etc., from wounds. CROW'S-FOOT (kroz'fot), n. [pi. CROW'S'- FEET.] One of the wrinkles produced by age, spreading out from the corners of the eyes. CROW'S-NEST (kroz'nest), n. Naut. Lookout box on the main topmostmast crosstrees of a whaler. CROZIER (kro'zher), n. Same as CROSIER. CRUCIAL (kro'shi-aD, a. 1. Transverse; inter- secting. 2. In the form of a cross. 3. Severe ; testing, as a crucial experiment. [Fr. crucial; from L. crux, crucis, cross.] CRUCIATE (kro'shi-at), a. Bot. Arranged in the form of a cross, as leaves or petals. CRUCIBLE (kro'si-bl), n. Vessel made of clay or other refractory substance, for melting ores, metals, etc. [L.L. crucibulum, melting- pot.] CRUCIFER (kr5'si-fer), n. 1. Eccl. Cross- bearer in a procession. 2. Bot. Plaat of the order Cruciferw. CRUCIFER^: (kro-sif'er-e), n.pl. Bot. Nat- ural order of exogenous plants (many of them edible), having a corolla of four petals ar- ranged In the form of a cross. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and fero, bear.] CRUCIFIER (kro'si-fi-er), n. One who crucifies. CRUCIFIX (kr»'sl-flks), n. Figure or picture of Christ fixed to the cross. [Fr., from L. cru- cifixus, p.p. of crucifigo, crucify.] CRUCIFIXION (kro-si-flk'shun), n. 1. Act of crucifying. 2. Death on the cross, especially that of Christ. CRUCIFORM (kro'si-farm), a. Of the form of a cross. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and forma, form.] CRUCIFY (kro'sl-fi), vt. [pr.p. CRU'CIFYING; p.t. and p.p. CRUCIFIED (kro'si-fid).] 1. Put to death by fixing the hands and feet to a cross. 2. Subdue completely. 3. Mortify; torture; torment. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and figo, fix.] CRUCIGEROUS (kro-slj'er-us), a. Bearing a cross. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and gero, carry.] CRUDE (krSd), a. [comp. CRU'DEB; superl. CRU'DEST.] 1. Raw, unprepared. 2. Not reduced to order or form. 3. Unfinished; superficial; unskilled. 4. Immature; un- ripe. [L. crudus, raw.] CRUDELY (krod'li), adv. In a crude manner. CRUDENESS (krod'nes), n. Quality of being crude. CRUDITY (kro'dl-ti), n. [pi. CRU'DITIES.] 1. Rawness; unripeness; Immaturity. 2. That which is crude. CRUEL (kro'el), a. [comp. CRU'ELER; superl. CRU'ELEST.] 1. Disposed to inflict pain, or pleased at suffering. 2. Void of pity; merci- less; savage; severe. [Fr., from L. crudelis, cruel.] CRUELLY (kro'el-I), adv. In a cruel manner. CRUELTY (kro'el-ti), n. [pi. CRU'ELTIES.] 1. Cruel disposition or temper. 2. Cruel or Inhuman act. CRUET (kro'et), n. Small glass bottle for holding vinegar, oil, etc. ; caster. [Dut. kruik. Jar.] CRUISE (kroz), v. [pr. p. CRUIS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRUISED (krozd).] I. vt. Sail over or upon. II. vi. Sail to and fro ; rove on the sea. [Dut. kruisen; from kruis, cross.] CRUISE (kroz), n. Voyage in various directions, as by a cruiser in search of an enemy, or for the protection of vessels; sea- voyage. Cruet Stand. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u— u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CRUISER 312 CRUTCH CRUISER (kroz'er), n. 1. Person or vessel that cruises. 2. War-vessel rating just below the battleship. Cruiser Brooklyn, U. S. Navy. CRULLER (krul'er), n. Curled or crisped cake, cooked in boiling fat. [Dut. krullen, curl.] CRUMB (krum), n. 1. Small bit of bread, cake, etc.; morsel. 2. Soft part of a loaf of bread. [A. S. cruma.] CRUMB (krum), vt. [pr.p. CRUMBING (krum'- ing); p.t. and p.p. CEUMBED (krumd).] 1. Break into crumbs; crumble. 2. Fill or dress with crumbs, as in cooking. CRUMB-BRUSH (krum'brush), «. Brush for sweeping crumbs off the table. CRUMB-CLOTH (krum'klath), n. Cloth laid under a table to keep failing crumbs from the carpet. CRUMBLE (krum'bl), v. [pr p. CRUMBLING; p.t. and p.p. CRUMBLED (krum'bld).] I. vt. I. Break into crumbs. 2. Scatter in crumbs. II. vi. 1. Fall into small pieces. 2. Fall into pieces; decay. [Originally dim. of CRUMB.] CRUMBLY (krurn'bli), a. Apt to crumble; easily crumbled. CRUMBY (krum'i), a. 1. Full of crumbs. 2. Soft, like the crumbs of bread. CRUMPET (krum'pet), n. Kind of crumby soft cake or mumn. CRUMPLE (krum'pl), v. [pr.p. CRUMPLING; p.t. and p.p. CRUMPLED (krum'pld).] I. vt. Mark with, or draw into, folds or wrinkles; crease. II. vi. Become wrinkled. [Freq. from CRAMP.] CRUMP Y (krum'pi), a. Brittle; crisp; easily broken. CRUNCH (krunch), v. [pr.p. CRUNCHING; p.t. and p.p. CRUNCHED (kruncht).] I. vt. 1. Crush with the teeth. 2. Chew or grind hard, and so make a noise. II. vi. 1. Make a noise in chewing or grinding. 2. Force a way through some brittle substance with vio- lence and noise. CRUNCH (krunch), n. Act of crunching. CRUPPER (krup'er), n. 1. Leather strap which passes under a horse's tail to keep the harness in place. 2. Haunch of a horse. [Fr. croupier e.] CRURAL (krb'ral), a. Anat. Belonging to, or shaped like, a leg. [L. cruralis; from crus, cruris, leg.] CRUS (krus), n. [pi. CRURA (kro'ra).] Anat. 1. Part of leg between knee and ankle. 2. Any part resembling a leg. [L., leg.] CRUSADE (kro-sad'), n. 1. Military expedition under the banner of the cross to recover the Holy Land from the Turks. 2. Any daring or romantic undertaking. [Fr. croisade; from L. crux, crucis, cross.] CRUSADE (kro-sad'), vi. [pr.p. CRUSA'DING; p.t. and p.p. CRUSA'DED.] Engage in a cru- sade. CRUSADER (kro-sa'der), n. One engaged in a crusade. CRUSE (kr6s), n. Small bottle or cruet. [Ice. krus, pot.] CRUSET (kro'set), n. Goldsmith's crucible. [Fr. creuset.] CRUSH (krush), v. [pr.p. CRUSH'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRUSHED (krusht.)] I. vt. 1. Break or bruise. 2. Squeeze together. 3. Beat down or overwhelm; subdue. 4. Crowd; Jam. II. vi. Become broken under pressure. [O. Fr. croissir.] CRUSH (krush), n. 1. Violent squeezing. 2. Vast crowd of persons or things. CRUSHER (krush'er), n. 1. One who or that which crushes. 2. Mill or machine for crushing ore. CRUSH-HAT (krush'hat), n. Hat so constructed as to collapse and become flat. CRUST (krust), n. 1. Hard rind or outside coating of anything. 2. Outer part of bread. 3. Covering of a pie, etc. 4. Geol. Solid exterior of the earth. [L. crusta, rind.] CRUST (krust), v. [pr.p. CRUSTING; p.t. and p.p. CRUST'ED.] I. vt. Cover with a crust. II. vi. Gather into a crust. CRUSTACEA (krus-ta/shi-a), n.pl. Zool. Large class of anthropod animals, almost all aquatic, including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc. [L. crusta, crust.] CRUSTACEAN (krus-ta'shi-an), I. o. Per- taining to the Crustacea. II. n. One of the Crustacea. CRUSTACEOLOGT (krus-ta-shi-ol'o-ji), ». Branch of zoology that treats of the Crustacea. [CRUSTACEA and -OLOGY.] CRUSTACEOUS (krus-ta'shi-us), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Crustacea. 2. Having a shell-like covering. CRUST ATED (krus'ta-ted), o. Covered with a crust. CRUSTATION ( krus-ta'shun ), n. Adherent crust. CRUSTILY (krust'i-li), adv. In a crusty, peevish, or ill-tempered manner. CRUSTINESS (krust'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being crusty. CRUSTY (krust'i), a. 1. Like, or of the nature of, a crust. 2. Peevish; morose; surly; ill- tempered. CRUTCH (kruch), n. 1. Staff with a cross- piece at the head to place under the arm of a lame person. 2. Any support like a crutch. [From root of CROOK.] CRUTCH (kruch), v. [pr.p. CRUTCH'ING; p.t. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, li=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CRUX 313 CUBATURE and p.p. CRUTCHED (krucht).] l.vt. Support, as a cripple, on crutches. II. vi. Go on crutches. CRUX (kruks), n. 1. Cross. 2. Figuratively, something that occasions difficulty. [L. crux, cross.] CRY (kri), v. [pr.p. CRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. CRIED (krid).] I. vt. 1. Utter loudly; call out. 2. Proclaim or make public. II. vi. 1. Utter a shrill loud sound, especially one expressive of pain or grief. 2. Lament; weep. 3. Bawl. [Pr. crier.] SYN. Call; exclaim; clamor; vociferate; shout; yell; squall; scream; bellow; sob; blubber. CRY (kri), n. [pi. CRIES (kriz).] 1. Any loud utterance, especially of grief or pain. 2. Fit of weeping. 3. Pack of hounds; hence, a posse; squad. 4. Proclamation. 5. Watchword. 6. Lamentation. 7. Importunate prayer. CRYING (kri'ing), a. 1. Calling loudly. 2. Claiming notice. 3. Notorious; outrageous. CRYOCONITE (kri-ok'o-nit), n. Dust-like sand found on the ice in the arctic regions. [Gr. kryos, frost, and konis, dust.] CRYPT (kript), n. Underground cell or chapel, especially one used for burial. [L. crypta; from Gr. krypU; from kryptd, hide.] CRYPTIC (krip'- tik), a. Hidden; secret; unseen. CRY PTOGAM (krip'to-gam), n. Bot. Plant of the class Cryptogamia. CRYPTOGAMIA ( krip-to-ga'mi-a), n. Bot. Class of flowerless plants, or plants that propagate by spores. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and gamos, marriage.] CRYPTOGAMIC (krip-to-gam'ik), CRYPTOGA- MOUS (krip-tog'a-mus), o. Pertaining to the class Cryptogamia. CRYPTOGRAM ( krip'to-gram), n. Cipher wri- ting. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and gramma, writing.] CRYPTOGRAPH (krip'to-graf), n. Writing in cipher. CRYPTOGRAPHIC (krip-to-graf'ik), a. 1. Writ- ten in cipher. 2. Used for cipher writing. CRYPTOGRAPHY (krip-tog'ra-fl), n. 1. Art of secret writing. 2. Character or cipher so used. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and -GRAPHY.] CRYPTOLOGY (krlp-tol'o-ji), n. Enigmatical language. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and -LOGY.] CRYPTON (krip'ton), n. Element of the atmos- phere, discovered in 1898. [Gr. kryptos, hidden.] CRYPTONYM (krip'to-nim), n. Name one bears in a secret society; hidden name. [Gr. kryp- tos, hidden, and onyma, name.] Crypt of York Cathedral. Crystals. CRYSTAL (kris'tal), n. 1. Superior quartz, clear like ice. 2. Chem. Piece of matter which has as- sumed a definite geo- metrical form, with plane faces. [L. crys- tallum; from Gr. krys- tallos, ice.] CRYSTAL (kris'tal), CR YSTALLINE (kris'- tal-in), a. Of or like crystal; clear; trans- parent. — Crystalline lens. Anat. Transpar- ent body placed be- hind the iris of the eye, but very near it. CRYSTALLIZABLE ( kris'tal-i-za-bl), a. Capable of being crystallized or formed into crystals. CRYSTALLIZATION ( kris-tal-i-za'shun), n. Act or process of crystallizing. CRYSTALLIZE (kris'tal-iz), v. [pr.p. CRYS'- TALLIZING; p.t. and p.p. CRYSTALLIZED (kris'tal-izd).] I. vt. 1. Reduce to the form of a crystal. 2. Give form or fixed shape to. II. vi. 1. Assume a crystalline form. 2. Become fixed in form or shape. CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ( kris-tal-og'ra-fl ), n. Science of crystallization. [Gr. krystallos, crystal, and -GRAPHY.] CRYSTALLOID (kris'tal-oid), I. a. Having the form of a crystal. II. n. 1. Chem. Sub- stance which when in solution passes easily through membranes; opposed to COLLOID. 2. Bot. Protein-crystal. [Gr. krystallos, crys- tal, and -OID.] CRYSTALLOLOGY (kris-tal-ol'o-ji), n. Same as CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. CTENOID (te'noid), a. Zool. Comb-shaped, applied by Agassiz to the scales and fins of certain fishes, as the perch, etc. [Gr. kteis, ktenos, comb, and -OID.] CUB (kub), n. 1. Young of certain animals, as the bear, fox, wolf, etc.; whelp. 2. Rough and ready youth. [Irish cuib, whelp; from cm, dog.] CuBA(ku'ba,),»». Largest of W. Indian Islands. Area 45,881 sq. m. CUBAN (ku'ban), I. a. Of or pertaining to Cuba. II. n. Native of Cuba. CUBARITHM (ku'ba- rithm), n. Calculating die or cube used by the blind. [CUBE, and Gr. arithmos, number.] CUBATURE (ku'ba-tur), n. 1. Act or process of finding the solid or cubic Maximus Gomez, Cuban general and patriot. Born in 1836— died 1905. contents of s fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bfirn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, )s.h.=ch in Scotch loch. CUBBY 314 CULINARY of kybos, Piper stom- from body. 2. Result thus found. [L. cubus, cube.] CUBBY (kub'i), n. Narrow, close or confined place. Also called cubby-hole. CUBE (kub), n. 1. Solid body having six equal square faces; solid square. 2. Math. Third power of a num- ber, as 2x2x2=8. — Cube root, num- ber or quantity that produces a given cube by be- ing raised to the third power — thus 2 is the cube root of 8. [Fr. ; from L. cubusi cube.] CUBEB (ku'beb), n. Dried berry cubeba, a climbing shrub, useful a achic and carminative. [Fr. cubebe; At. kabdbah.] CUBIC (ku'bik), a. 1. Pertaining to or shaped like a cube. 2. Math. Of the third power or degree. — Cubic foot, solid of the form of a cube, measuring a foot each way, or the equivalent in solid contents of such a body. CUBICAL (ku'bi-kal), a. Same as CUBIC. CUBICALLY (ku'bik-al-i), adv. So as to raise a number to a cube. CUB1CALNESS (ku'bik-al-nes), n. State or quality of being cubical. CUBIFORM (ku'bi-farm), a. Resembling a cube in shape. CUBIT (ku'bit), n. Measure employed by the ancients, equal to the length of the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger — from 18 to 22 inches. [L. cubitum, elbow.] CUBITAL (ku'bit-aD, a. Of the length of a cubit. CUBOID (ku'boid), a. Resembling a cube in shape. [CUBE and -OID.l CUBOIDAL (ku-boid'al), a. Cuboid; cubiform. CUCKOO (kok'6), n. Bird that cries "cuckoo," of which there are many species, some of them noted for laying their eggs in the nests of other birds. [From its cry.] CUCKOO-CLOCK (kok'o-klok), n. Clock in which the hours are told by a cuckoo-call. CUCULLATE (ku-kul'at or ku'kul-at), a. 1. Hooded. 2. Shaped like a hood. [L. cu- cullatus; from cucullus, hood.] CUCUMBER (ku'kum-ber), n. 1. Creeping plant, with heart-shaped leaves, rough with bristly hairs, and large oblong fruit used as a salad and pickle. 2. Fruit of this plant. [L. cucumis, cucumeris.] CUCURBIT (ku-kur'bit), n. Chemical vessel used in distillation, originally shaped like a gourd. [Fr. cucurbite; from L. cucurbita, gourd.] CUD (kud), n. 1. Food brought from the first stomach of a ruminant back into the mouth to be chewed again. 2. Quid of tobacco. (Colloq.) [A. S. cudu.] CUDDLE (kud'l), v. [pr.p. CUD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. CUDDLED (kud Id).] I. vt. Hug; em- brace; fondle. II. vi. Lie close and snug. [Etym. doubtful.] CUDDY (kud'i), n. [pi. CUDDIES.] Naut. 1. Small cabin or cookroom, in the fore part of a boat or lighter. 2. In large vessels, the officers' cabin under the poopdeck. [Origin uncertain.] CUDGEL (kuj'el), n. Heavy staff; club. [A. S. cycgel.] CUDGEL (kuj'el), vt. [pr.p. CUDGELING; p.t. and p.p. CUDGELED (kuj'eld).] Beat with a cudgel. CUDGELER (kuj'el-er), n. One who beats another with a cudgel. CUDWEED (kud'wed), n. Popular name for many species of .plants of the aster family, especially the everlasting. [Corrup. from COTTONWEED.] CUE (ku), n. 1. Tail or end of anything, es- pecially of a wig; queue. 2. Last words of an actor's speech which a player, who is to follow, catches and regards as an intimation to begin. 3. Part one is to take up. 4. Hint; intimation. 5. Turn or temper of mind. 6. Straight tapering rod used in playing billiards. [Fr. queue, tail.] CUFF (kuf), v. [pr.p. CUFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. CUFFED (kuft).] I. vt. Strike with the open hand. II. vi. Scuffle; box. [Sw. huff a, knock.] CUFF (kuf), n. Stroke with the open hand; box. CUFF (kuf), n. 1. End of the sleeve near the wrist. 2. Linen band worn over the wrist-band of a shirt. 3. Handcuff. [Allied to COIF.] CUIRASS (kwe-ras'), n. Defensive covering for the breast and back, of leather or iron fastened with straps and buckles. [Fr. cuirasse; from cuier, leather.] CUIRASSIER (kwe-ra-ser'), n. Knight or mounted soldier wearing a cuirass. CUISH (kwish), n. Armor for the thighs. [Fr. cuisse, thigh.] CUISINE (kwe-zen'), n. 1. Kitchen or cooking department. 2. Style of cooking; cookery. [Fr., from L. coquina; from coquo, cook.] CUL-DE-SAC (kul-de-sak'), n. [pi. CULS-DE- SAC(kiilz-de-sak').] 1. Street or passage closed at one end; blind alley. 2. Mil. Situation with no retreat in flank or rear. 3. Anat. and Zool. Natural cavity, bag, or vessel open only at one end. [Fr., from cul, bottom, and sac, sack.] CULEX (ku'leks), n. Entom. 1. Typical genus of Culicidce or gnats. 2. [e-] Insect of this genus. [L. culex, gnat.] CULINARY (ku'li-na-ri), a. Pertaining to the kitchen or to cookery; used in the kitchen. [L. culinarius; from culina, kitchen.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. CULL 315 CUMULATIVE CULLY (kul'i), n. 2. Mean dupe. CULLY (kul'i), vt. p.p. CUL'LIED.] CULM (kulm), n. CULL (kul), vt. [pr.p. CTJLL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CULLED (kuld).] Select; piek out. [Fr. cue illir, gather.] CULLENDER (kul'en-der), n. Same as COL- ANDER. CULLER (kul'er), n. One who culls, picks or chooses. CULLING (kul'ing), n. 1. Act of picking or choosing. 2. That which is picked or se- lected. 3. [pi.] Refuse or rejected portion. CULLIS (kul'is), n. 1. Gutter in a roof. 2. Groove, as for a side-scene in a theater. [Fr. coulisse.] [pi. CUL'LIES.] 1. Fellow. [O. Fr. couillon, dupe.] [pr.p. CUL'LYING; p.t. and Deceive meanly. Bot. Stalk or stem of grain or of grasses. [L. culmus, stalk.] CULM (kulm), n. Mining. 1. Anthracite coal- dust. 2. Inferior grade of anthracite coal. [Wei. cvolm, knot.] CUL31EN (kul'men), n. 1. Highest point. 2. Zool. Median lengthwise ridge of a bird's upper mandible. [L., summit.] CULMINATE (kul'mi-nat), vi. [pr.p. CULMI- NATING; p.t. and p.p. CUX/MINATED.l 1. Reach the highest point or degree. 2. Astron. Be vertical or at the highest point of altitude. 3. Eventuate; result. [L.L. cul- minatus, p.p. of culmino, culminate; from L. culmen, summit.] CULMINATION (kul-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act of culminating. 2. Highest point or degree. 3. Astron. Transit of a body across the me- ridian or highest point for the day. CULPABILITY (kul-pa-bil'i-ti), n . Liability to blame; culpableness. CULPABLE (kul'pa-bl), a. Deserving of censure or blame; faulty; criminal. [O. Fr. coupable; from L. culpabilis; from culpa, fault.] CULPABLENESS (kul'pa-bl-nes), n. Quality of being culpable. CULPABLY (kul'pa-bli), adv. In a culpable manner. CULPRIT (kul'prit), n. 1. One in fault; crimi- nal. 2. Eng. Law. Prisoner accused but not yet tried. [L. L. culpatus, the accused; from L. culpo, accuse.] SYN. Offender; delinquent; malefactor; convict. ANT. Example; pattern; model; hero; saint. CULT (kult), n. 1. System of religious belief. 2. Homage; worship. [L. cultus, worship.] CULTIVABLE (kul'ti-va-bl), a. Capable of be- ing cultivated. CULTIVATE ( kul'ti-vat), vt. [pr.p. CULTI- VATING; p.t. and p.p. CUI/TIVATED.] 1. Till or produce by tillage. 2. Prepare for crops. 3. Develop or improve by attention and study. 4. Devote attention to. 5. Cherish; foster; endeavor to get the good will of. [L. L. culti- vatus, p.p. of cultivo, till.] CULTIVATION (kul-ti-va'shun), n. 1. Act or practice of cultivating. 2. State or condition of being cultivated; refinement; culture. CULTIVATOR (kul'ti-va-tiir), n. 1. One who cultivates, in any sense. 2. Agricultural implement for cultivating standing crops; improved form of harrow. CULTRATE (kul'trat), a. Shaped like a pru- ning knife. [L. cultratus; from cutter, knife.] CULTURAL (kul'tu-ral), a. Of or pertaining to culture. CULTURE (kul'tur), n. 1. Act or process of cultivation or tillage; husbandry; farming. 2. Cultivation or improvement of the mental or physical powers. 3. Result of cultivation; refinement; enlightenment. 4. Biol. Process of, medium used in, or product arising from, the development and multiplication of bacteria. [L. cultura; from cultus, p.p. of colo, cultivate.] CULTURE (kul'tur), vt. [pr.p. CUL'TURING; p.t. and p.p. CULTURED (kul 'turd).] Cul- tivate; improve; educate; refine. CULVERIN (kul'ver-in), n. Cannon of the 16th century, from 9 to 12 feet long, and carrying 18-pound round shot. [Fr. couleuvrine; from couleuvre, serpent.] CULVERT (kul'- r=5 vert), n. Arched "^ channel of ma- ' sonry for carrying water beneath a road, railway, etc. Culvert [O. Fr. coulou'ere, channel.] CUMBER (kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. CUMBERING; p.t. and p.p. CUMBERED (kum'berd).] Burden or hinder with something useless; retard; trouble. [O. Fr. combrer, hinder; from L. L. cumbrus, heap; from L. cumulus, heap.] CUMBER (kum'ber), n. Encumbrance; trouble; vexation. Cumberland (kum'ber-iand) River, in Kentucky and Tennessee, tributary of the Ohio. CUMBERSOME (kum'ber-sum), a. Unwieldy; heavy; burdensome. CUMBROUS (kum'brus), a. Hindering; ob- structing; heavy. CU31IN, CUMMIN (kum'in),«. Bot. Umbellif- erous plant, the Cuminum Cyminum, val- uable as a carminative. [L. cuminum; from Gr. kyminon, cog. with Heb. kammon.] CUMSHAW (kum'sha), n. Gratuity, present or tip in China. [Anglo-Chinese.] CUMULATE (ku'mu-lat), vt. [pr.p. CUMU- LATING; p.t. and p.p. CUMULATED.] Heap together; accumulate. [L. cumulatus, p.p. of cumulo, heap up; from cumulus, heap.] CUMULATION (ku-mu-la'shun), n. 1. Act of heaping up or together. 2. Accumulation or heap. CUMULATIVE (ku'mu-la-tiv), a. I. Consisting of parts heaped up. 2. Increasing by succes- sive additions; augmenting the same point, as cumulative evidence. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. CUMULOSE !G C UK ATE CUMULOSE (ku'mu-los), a. Full of heaps. CUMULO-STRATUS ( ku'mti-lo-stra-tus ), n. Cloud looking like a combination of the cumulus and stratus. [L. cutmilus, heap, and STRATUS.] CUMULUS (ku'mu-lus), n. [pi. CUMULI (ku'mu- II).] Kind of cloud common in summer, con- sisting of rounded heaps with a darker horizon- tal base. [L., heap.] CUNEAL (ku'ne-al), a. Of or pertaining to a wedge. [L. cuneus, wedge.] CUNEATE (ku'ne-at), a. Wedge-shaped. CUNEIFORM (ku-ne'i-farm), CUNIFORM (ku'- ni-farm), a. Wedge-shaped — specially applied to the old Babylonian and Assyrian writing, of which the characters have a wedge-shape. [L. cuneus, wedge.] CUNNER (kun'er), n. Small fish, commonly called blue perch, of the north Atlantic coast of the U. S. [Etym. unknown.] CUNNING (kun'ing), a. 1. Formerly, skillful; dexterous; knowing. 2. Artful; crafty; sly; shrewd; designing. 3. Made or wrought with skill or art. 4. Amusing; interesting; pre- cocious; roguish. [A. S. cunnan, know.] SYN. See CRAFTY. CUNNING (kun'ing), n. 1. Craft; artifice; shrewdness. 2. Skill. CUNNINGLY (kun'ing-li), adv. In a cunning manner. CUNNINGNESS (kun'ing-nes), n. Quality of being cunning. CUP (kup), n. 1. Small vessel used to drink from. 2. Contents of a cup; cupful. 3. Cup- like vessel offered as a prize. 4. Anything shaped like a cup, as cup of a flower, cup of an acorn, etc. 5. Portion or lot which one has to endure or enjoy. 6. Cupping-glass. 7. [pi,] Indulgence in intoxicating drinks; drink- ing, as "in one's cups." [A. S. cuppe; from L. cupa, cuppa, tub.] CUP (kup), v. [pr.p. CUP'PING; p.U and p.p. CUPPED (kupt).] I. vt. 1. Supply with cups of liquor. 2. Make concave, like a cup. 3. Bleed by means of a cupping-glass. II. vi. 1. Be- come cup-shaped. 2. Practice cupping, or bleeding with a cupping-glass. CUP-BEARER (kup'bar-er), n. One who at- tends at a feast to pour out and hand the wine. CUPBOARD (kub'urd), n. Cabinet or closet for keeping dishes, eatables, etc. [CUP and BOARD.] CUPEL (ku'pel), n. Small vessel used by gold- smiths in assaying precious metals. [L.L. cupella, dim. of cupa, cup.] CUPELLATION (ku-pel-la'shun), n. Process of assaying precious metals. CUPFUL (kup'fol), n. [pi. CUP'FULS.] Quantity which a cup will hold. CUPID (ku'pid), n. Boman Myth. God of love, son of Mars and Venus. [L. Cupido; from cupido, passion; from cupio, desire.] CUPIDITY ( ku-pid'i-ti ), n. Covetousness; avarice. [L. cupiditas; from eupio, desire, long for.] CUPOLA (ku'po-la), n. 1. Arch. Dome. 2. Internal part of a dome. 3. Any structure rising above the roof of a building, as a tower or lantern. 4. Shot-proof turret on a warship. 5. Shaft-furnace of a foundry. [It.; from L. cupa, tub.] CUPPING (kup'ing), n. Application of a cup- ping-glass to the skin with the view of attract- ing blood to the part, and, if necessary, ab- stracting it. CUPPING-GLASS ( kup'ing-glas ), n. Cup-like vessel from which the air is partially ex- pelled, applied to the skin in cupping. CUPREOUS (ku'pre-us), a. Of or containing copper. [L. cupreus; from cuprum, copper.] CUPRIC (ku'prik), a. Cupreous. CUPRIFEROUS (ku-prif'er-us), a. Producing copper. [L. cuprum, copper, and fero, bear.] CUPRITE (ku'prit), n. Chem. Red oxide of copper; red copper ore. [L. cuprum, copper, and -ITE.] CUPROUS (ku'prus), a. Having a considerable quantity of copper in its composition. CUPRUM (ku'prum), n. Chem. Copper. [L.] CUPULE (ku'pul), n. 1. Cup-like body of any kind. 2. Bot. Kind of inflorescence consisting of a cup formed by bracts cohering by their bases. [L. cupula, dim. of cupa, tub.] CUR (kur), n. 1. Worthless dog, of low breed. 2. Churlish fellow. [Sw. dial, kurre, dog.] CURABILITY (kur-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of be- ing curable. CURABLE (kur'a-bl), a. Capable of being cured. CURABLENESS (kur'a-bl-nes), n. Curability. CURABLY (kur'a-bli), adv. In a curable man- ner. CURACAO (ko-ra-sa'6), n. Island, Dutch W. Indies, 75 miles from Venezuela. CURACAO (ko-ra-sa'o), n. Cordial made of dis- tilled spirits, flavored with orange-peel and spices. [From the island of Curasao, West Indies.] CURACOA (ko-ra-sow')» n. Common but erro- neous spelling for CURACAO. CURACY (ku'ra-si), n. [pi. CU'RACIES.] Office, employment, or benefice of a curate. CURARKko-ra're), n. Resin from a South American tree, used by the natives as an ar- row poison. [Na- tive name.] CURASSOW (ko- ras'o), n. Large- (^^V^ crested gallina- <-«%/!,\ ceousbird of trop- ical South Amer- ica. [Native *^ name.] Curassow. CURATE (ku'rat), n. Inferior clergyman In the fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, iX=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. CURATIVE 317 CURRANT Church of England, assisting a rector or vicar. [L.L. curatus; from L. cura, care.] CURATIVE (kur'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Relating to the curing or healing of diseases. 2, Tending to cure. II. n. Remedy; cure. CURATOR (ku-ra'tur), n. 1. Person who has the charge of anything, as of a public library, museum, etc. 2. Sc. Law. Guardian. [L. curator, overseer; from euro, care for.] CURB (kurb), vt. [pr. p. CURB'ING; pt. and p.p. CURBED (kurbd).] 1. Bend to one's will. 2. Restrain or check. 3. Control or guide with a curb. 4. Furnish with or piotect by a curb. [O. Fr. curber; from L. curveo, bend.] CURB (kurb), n. 1. That which curbs; check or hindrance. 2. Chain or strap attached to the bit of a bridle for restraining the horse; the bit Itself. 3. Curbstone. 4. Framework or casing around the top of a well; any similar frame- work or casing. CURBABLE (kttrb'a-bl), a. Capable of being (curbed or restrained. CURB-BIT (kurb'bit), n. Stiff bit for con- trolling a fractious horse. CURBING (kurb'ing), n. Edge stones of a road- way. CURB-ROOF (kurb'rof), n. Roof whose upper rafters have a less Inclination than the lower ones. CURBSTONE (kurb'ston), n. Stone laid along the edge of a roadway as a protection to the material of the road. CURCULIO (kur-ku'li-o), n. Entom. Fruit- weevil. [L.] CURCUMIN (kur'ku-min), n. Yellow dye ob- tained from tumeric-root. [Hind.] CURD (kurd), n. Milk thickened or coagulated; cheese part of milk, as distinguished from the whey. [Ir. cruth.] CURDINESS (kurd'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being curdy or curdled. CURDLE (kurd'l), v. [pr.p. CURD'IING; p.t. and p.p. CURDLED (kurd 'Id).] I. vt. Cause to congeal or thicken into curd. II. vi. Congeal; become curdled. [Freq. of CURD.] CURDLY (kurd'li), CURDY (kurd'i), a. Like or full of curd. CURE (kur), n. 1. Act of healing. 2. That which cures; remedy. 3. Course of remedial treatment. 4. State of being cured, healed, or restored to health. 5. Care of souls or spiritual charge; curacy. [O. Fr. cure; from L. cura, recovery as a result of care.] CURE (kur), v. [pr.p. CUR'ING; p.t. and p.p. CURED (kurd).] I. vt. 1. Restore to health; heal. 2. Remedy; correct. 3. Preserve, as by drying, salting, etc. II. vi. Become cured. [L. cur o t care for, cure.] CURE (ku-ra'), n. Parish priest in France. [Fr., curate.] CURFEW (kur'fu), n. 1. Feudal Law. Bell rung every evening as a signal to the people to ex- tinguish all fires and retire to rest. 2. Bell rung in observance of any similar custom. [0. Fr. couvrefeu; from couvrir, cover, and feu, fire.] CURIA (ku'ri-a), n. [pi. CU'RLffl.] 1. One of the ten divisions of a Roman tribe. 2. Building in which the Roman senate met. 3. Court of the papal see. [L.] CURIO (ku'ri-6), n. [pi. CURIOS (ku'ri-dz).] Any article of virtu or bric-a-brac, or any- thing considered rare and curious. [Abbr. of CURIOSITY.] CURIOSITY (ku-ri-os'i-ti), n. [pi. CURIOS'- ITIES.] 1. State or quality of being curious. 2. That which is curious ; any rare or unusual object. [Fr. curiosite"; from L. curiositas, from curiosus, curious.] SYN. Inquisitiveness; interest; rarity; novelty; oddity; marvel; monstrosity. ANT. Indifference; disregard. CURIOUS (ku'ri-us), a. 1. Anxious to learn; inquisitive; prying. 2. Extraordinary; re- markable; strange. 3. Formerly, made or done with care and skill. [L. curiosus; from cura, care. SYN. Inquiring; peering; rare; queer; unusual; unique; odd. ANT. Indifferent; incurious; trite; common. CURIOUSLY (ku'ri-us-li), adv. In a curious or strange manner. CURIOUSNESS (ku'ri-us-nes), n. Curiosity. CURL (kurl), n. 1. Ringlet of hair, or some- thing of a similar form. 2. Undulation; wave; twist. 3. Disease of plants, in which the leaves look curled and shrunk up. [Dut. krul.] CURL (kurl), v. [pr.p. CURL'ING; p.t. and p.p. CURLED (kurld).] I. vt. 1. Twist into curls or ringlets. 2. Coil; twine; twist. 3. Bend or curve. 4. Cause to rise in undulations or rip- ples. 5. Adorn with ringlets or curls. II. vi. 1. Become curled. 2. Play at the game of curling. CURLER (kurrer), n. One who or that which curls. CURLEW (kur'lu), n. Wading bird having very long slender bill and legs, and a short tail. [O. Fr. corlieu.] CURLICUE (kurl'i- ku), n. Fantastic curl; ornamental flourish. CURLINESS (kurl'l-nes>, being curly. CURLING (kurl'ing), n. Game common in Scot- land, consisting in hurling heavy smooth stones along a sheet of ice. CURLY (kurl'i), a. 1. Having curls. 2. Inclined to curl. CURMUDGEON (kur-muj'un), n. Avaricious, ill-natured fellow; miser. [Etym. doubtful.] CURRANT (kur'ant), n. 1. Fruit of various Curlew (Numenius longirostris) . n. State or quality of fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i, m Scotch loch. CURRENCY 318 CURTSY species of the genus ttibes, the Hibcs rubrum being the well-known garden berry commonly called red currant; also the shrubby bush pro- ducing the fruit. 2. Kind of small raisin or dried grape. [From Corinth.] CURRENCY (kur'en-si), n. [pi. CTJR'RENCIES.] 1. Circulation. 2. That which circulates, as the money of a country. 3. General estima- tion. [See CURRENT.] CURRENT (kur'ent), a. 1. Running or flowing. 2. Passing from person to person. 3. Gen- erally received. 4. Now passing; present. [L. currens, pr.p. of curro, run.] CURRENT (kur'ent), w. 1. Stream. 2. Portion of water, air, etc., moving in a certain direc- tion. 3. Course, movement, or progression. 4. General or main course, direction, or in- clination. CURRENTLY (kur'ent-li), adv. Commonly; popularly; generally. CURRENTNESS (kur'ent-nes), n. State or quality of being current. CURRICLE (kur'i-kl), n. Two-wheeled open chaise, drawn by two horses abreast; chariot. [L. curriculum, race; from curro, run.] CURRICULUM (kur-rik'u-lum), n. Course, especially a prescribed course of studies. [L. curriculum, race-course.] CURRIER (kur'i-er), n. One who curries tanned leather. CURRISH (kur'ish), a. Having the qualities or characteristics of a cur; churlish. CURRISHLY (kur'ish-li), adv. In a currish manner. CURRISHNESS (kur'ish-nes), n. Quality of being currish. CURRY (kur'i), n. [pi. CUR'RIES.] 1. Kind of sauce or seasoning, compounded of saffron, turmeric, pepper, ginger, and other spices. 2. Dish prepared with curry. [Tamil kari, sauce.] CURRY (kur'i), vt. [pr.p. CUR'RYING; p.t. and p.p. CURRIED (kur'id).] 1. Dress (leather). 2. Rub down and dress with a curry-comb, as a horse. — Curry favor, seek favor by flattery. [Fr. courroyer, dress cloth.] CURRY-COMR (kur'i-k6m), n. Iron comb for currying horses. CURSAL (kur'sal), a. Pertaining to a regimen or course. [L. L. cursalis — L. cursus, course.] •URSE (kurs), n. 1. Imprecation of evil; male- diction. 2. Profane oath. 3. Sentence of divine vengeance. 4. Source of evil or calamity. [A. S. curs, curse.] SYN. Malediction; denunciation; execra- tion; anathema; plague; scourge; torment; affliction; blight; ANT. Blessing; benedic- tion. CURSE (kurs), v. [pr.p. CURS'ING; p.t. and p.p. CURSED (kurst) or CURST.] I. vt. 1. Imprecate or wish evil to. 2. Bring a curse upon; blast. 3. Be the source of evil to; cause great sorrow to. 4. Use profanity towards ; swear at. II. vi. 1. Utter imprecations. 2. Use profane lan- guage; swear. CURSED (kurs'ed), a. 1. Under, or blasted by, a curse. 2. Deserving of a curse; damnable; accursed. 3. Vexatious; troublesome. CURSEDLY (kurs'ed-Ii), adv. In a cursed man- ner. CURSEDNESS (kurs'ed-nes), n. 1. State of be- ing under a curse. 2. Wickedness; sinfulness. CURSER (kfirs'er), n. 1. One who curses or execrates. 2. Blasphemer. CURSIVE (kur'siv), I. a. Running; flowing; written in a running hand. II. n. Cursive writing. [L.L. cursivus; from L. curro, run.] CURSOR (kur'sur), n. Part of a mathematical instrument which slides on the main portion. [L., runner.] CURSORES (kur-so'rez), n.pl. Zool. Order of birds characterized by wings ill-suited for flight, on the other hand, by feet admirably adapted for running. [L., pi. of cursor, runner.] CURSORIAL (kur-so'ri-al), a. 1. Of or pertain- ing to the order Cursores. 2. Adapted for running. CURSORILY (kur'so-ri-li), adv. In a cursory manner; hastily. CURSORINESS (kfir'so-ri-nes), n. Quality of being cursory. CURSORY (kur'so-ri), a. Hasty; careless; su- perficial. [L.L. cursorius; from L. cursor, runner.] CURST (kurst), v. Past tense and past participle of CURSE. CURT (kurt), a. 1. Short; concise. 2. Dis- courteously brief; as a curt reply. [L. curtus, shortened.] CURTAIL (kur'tal), CURTAILED (kur-tald'), a. Havingthe tail docked,as acurtail dog or horse. CURTAIL (kur-tal'), vt. [pr.p. CURTAILING; p.t. and p.p. CURTAILED (kur-tald').] 1. Cut short. 2. Cut off a part of ; abbreviate ; abridge. 3. Reduce; cut down. [O. Fr. courtault, cur- tail; from L. curtus, docked.] CURTAILMENT (kur-tal'ment), n. Act of cur- tailing or state of being curtailed. CURTAIN (kur'tin), n. 1. Drapery or hanging screen, for a bed, window, stage of a theater, etc. 2. Screen or protection. 3. Fort. Part of a rampart between two bastions. — Curtain lecture, lectures or reproof given in bed by a wife to her husband. — Behind the curtain, away from public view. [O. Fr. curtine; from L.L. cortina, inclosure.] CURTAIN (kur'tin), vt. [pr.p. CUR'TAINING; p.t. and p.p. CURTAINED (kur'tind).] 1. Furnish with curtains. 2. Inclose or conceal with curtains, or as with curtains. CURTLY (kurt'li), adv. In a curt manner. CURTNESS (kurt'nes), n. Quality of being curt. CURTSY (kurt'si), n. [pi. CURT'SIES.] Gesture of salutation on the part of a woman, mad? by slightly bending the body and the knees. [Originally the same word as COURTESY] fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, CURTSY 319 CUSTOMABLE CURTSY (kurt'si), v. [pr.p. CURT'SYING; p.t. and p.p. CURTSIED (kurt'sid).] I. vt. Salute by making a curtsy. II. vi. Make a curtsy. [See COURTESY.] CURULE (ku'rol), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a chariot. 2. Applied to a chair in which only the higher Roman magistrates had a right to sit. It was made of ivory, and in form was somewhat like a modern camp-stool. [L. curulis; from currus, chariot.] CURVATE (kttrv'at), CURVATED (kurv'a-ted), a. Curved or bent in a regular form. [L. cur- vatus, p.p. of curvo, bend.] CURVATION (kur-va'shun), w. Act of curving or state of being curved. CURVATURE (kurv'a-tur), n. 1. Act of curving or bending. 2. State of being curved or bent. 3. Curve; bend; sweep. [L. curvus, bent.] CURVE (kurv), I. a. Bent or crooked in a regu- lar manner and without angles. II. n. 1. A bending without angles. 2. Bend in a railway, canal, etc. 3. Arch; arc; bow. 4. Any regular deviation or turn from a direct course without forming an angle. 5. Geom. Line which, running on continually and gradually in all directions, may be cut by a right line in more points than one. [L. curvus, bent.] CURVE (kurv), v. [pr.p. CURVING; p.t. and p.p. CURVED (kurvd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to take the form of a curve. 2. Cause to move in a curved course. II. vi. 1. Take the form of a curve. 2. Move in a curved course. [L. curvo; from curvus, bent.] CURVET (kur'vet), n. Eight leap of a horse in which he raises his fore legs together, next the hind legs with a spring before the fore legs touch the ground. [It. corvetta.] CURVET (kur'vet), v. [pr.p. CURVETING; p.t. and p.p. CUR'VETED.] I. vt. Cause to per- form a curvet or curvets. II. vi. 1. Perform a curvet; leap in curvets. 2. Cavort; frolic; frisk; prance. CURVIFORM (kurv'i-farm), a. Having a curved or bent form. CURVILINEAR (kurv-i-lin'e-ar), CURVILINE- AL (kfirv-i-lin'e-al), a. Formed or bounded by curved lines. [L. curvus, curved, and linearis, linear.] CURVIROSTRAL ( kurv-i-ros'tral ), a. Zool. Having the bill curved downward. [L. curvus, bent, and rostrum, beak.] CURVITY (kiirv'i-ti), n. State of being curved. CUSHAT (kosh'at), n. Ringdove, Columba palumbus. See RINGDOVE. [A. S. cilscote.] CUSHION (kosh'un), n. 1. Flexible case filled with soft, elastic stuff, used for sitting or re- clining on. 2. Engraver's pad. 3. Rubber of an electric machine. 4. Elastic lining of the inner sides of a billiard table. 5. Body of steam remaining in the cylinder of a steam engine, acting as a buffer to the piston. [O. Fr. coissin; from L. culcita, pillow.] CUSHION (kosh'un), vt. [pr.p. CUSHIONING; p.t. and p.p. CUSHIONED (kosh'und).] 1. Furnish or fit with a cushion or cushions. 2. Seat or place on a cushion. 3. Billiards. Place or leave (a ball) close up to the cushion. CUSHIONY (kosh'un-i), a. Like a cushion; soft. CUSK (kusk), n. Cod-like marine fish; burbot. CUSP (kusp), n. 1. Prominence or point, as of a ca- nine tooth. 2. Astron. Horn of the crescent moon. 3. Arch. Small pro- jecting ornament common in Gothic tracery. 4. Math. CUsp ' Point in a curve at which its two branches have a common tangent. [L. cuspis, point.] CUSPID (kus'pid), n. Anat. Canine tooth. CUSPIDATE (kus'pi-dat), CUSPIDATED (kus'- pi-da-ted), a. Having a cusp, or sharp point, as a canine tooth. CUSPIDOR (kus'pi-dor or kus'pi-dar), n. Spit- toon. [Pg.; from cuspir, spit.] CUSSEDNESS (kus'ed-nes), n. Contrariness meanness. (Colloq.) CUSTARD (kus'tard), n. Composition of milt eggs, etc., sweetened and flavored, and eithei baked or boiled. [O. Fr. croustadc, pie with r crust.] CUSTARD-AP- PLE ( kus'tard - ap-1), n. Fruit of a West Indian plant, the A noma reticulata, hav- ing a soft cus- tard-like pulp. CUSTODIAL (kus- to'di-al), a. Per- taining to cus- tody or guar- dianship. CUSTODIAN (kus- to'di-an),n. One Custard Apple. having care or custody of any person or thing, especially of some public building; curator; keeper; guardian. [See CUSTODY.] CUSTODY ^kus'to-di), n. 1. Charge; care; keeping; guardianship. 2. State of being kept in restraint; imprisonment. [L. custodia, guard; from custos, custodis, keeper.] CUSTOM (kus'tum), n. 1. Established mode; common usage. 2. Familiarity; habit. 3. Steady trade; business patronage. 4. [pi.] Duties imposed on imports and exports. [O. Fr. custume.] SYN. Usage; practice; fashion; mode; habit; manner; way; form; observance; formality; business; support; patronage. ANT. Disuse; desuetude; non-observance. CUSTOMABLE (kus'tum-a-bl), a. Subject or liable to the payment of customs; dutiable. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, rait; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burnt. u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch, CUSTOMARILY 320 CUTTLEBONE CUSTOMARILY (kus'tum-a-ri-li), adv. In the customary manner. CUSTOMARY (kus'tum-a-ri), a. According to use and wont. CUSTOMER (kus'tum-er), n. 1. Regular pur- chaser. 2. Buyer; purchaser. 3. Fellow one has to deal with; as, an ugly customer. (Colloq.) CUSTOM-HOUSE ( kus'tum-hows ), n. Place where customs or duties on exports and im- ports are collected. CUT (kut), v. [pr.p. CUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. CUT.] I. vt. 1. Make an incision in. 2. Cleave or pass through; divide. 3. Carve, hew, or fashion hy cutting. 4. Mow or reap. 5. Form by excavating; excavate. 6. Pierce or wound deeply. 7. Shorten. 8. Grind in facets. 9. Castrate. 10. Renounce; give up. 11. Pass intentionally without saluting or recognizing. 12. Intersect. 13. Lower or cheapen. II. vi. 1. 3Iake an incision. 2. Go quickly; pass. 3. Runaway; be off. (Colloq.) 4. Be adapted for cutting. 5. Admit of being cut. 6. Divide a pack of cards. — Cut a dash, make a conspicuous appearance. — Cut teeth, have teeth grow through the gums, as Infants. — Cut up. 1. Carve. 2. Eradicate; eliminate. 3. Criticise severely. 4. Misbe- have. 5. Be playful and jolly. [Gael, cutaich, shorten; from cutach, short, docked.] CUT (kut), I. o. 1. Gashed or hacked. 2. Severed, as cut flowers. 3. Reduced, as cut prices, cut rates, etc. 4. Having facets cut or ground smooth, as cut glass. 5. Produced or formed by cutting, as cut wood, cut stone, etc. II. n. 1. Opening, cleft, gash, or wound, made by an edged instrument. 2. Stroke or blow, as with a whip. 3. Channel made by cutting or digging. 4. Piece cut off. 5. Near passage by which an angle is cut off. 6. Picture cut or carved on wood or metal. 7. Stamp on which a picture is carved, and by which it is Impressed. 8. The impression. 9. Act of dividing a pack of cards. 10. Shape in which a thing is cut. 11. Act of ignoring or slight- ing an acquaintance. 12. Figure or style. — Cut and dried, arranged beforehand. CUTANEOUS (ku-ta'ne-us), a. Pertaining to the skin. [L. cutis, skin.] CUTAWAY (kut'a-wa), n. Coat with the skirts rounded off. CUTCH (kuch),n. Gold- beater's skin. [East Indian.] CUT-COIN (kut'koin), CUT-MONEY (kuf- mun-I), n. Section or cut portion of a "Car- olus" or Spanish dol- lar or peso, formerly used in Mexico, Cen- tral and South America for small change. Cut-coins. CUTE (kut), a. 1. Sharp; clever; cunning; win- ning. 2. Attractive. [Short for ACUTE.] CUTELY (kut'li), adv. In a cute manner. CUTENESS (kut'nes), n. Quality of being cute. CUTGRASS (kut'gras), n. Grass, the Leersia orizoides, whose leaves are so rough as to cut the hands. CUTICLE (ku'ti-kl), n. 1. Anat. Outermost or thin skin; epidermis. 2. Bot. Thin external covering of the bark of a plant. 3. Any simi- lar skin. [ L. cuticula, dim. of cutis, skin.] CUTICULAR (ku-tik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to the cuticle. CUTIS (ku'tis), n. Anat. True skin as distin- guished from the cuticle. [L.] CUTLAS, CUTLASS (kut'las), n. Short, broad, sword, with one cutting edge, slightly curved. [Fr. coutelas; from L. cultellus, dim. of culter, knife.] CUTLER (kut'ler), n. One who makes or sells knives. [Fr. coutelier; from L. culter, knife.] CUTLERY ( kut'ler-i), n. 1. Business of a cut- ler. 2. Edged or cutting instruments in gen- eral. CUTLET (kut'let), n. Slice of meat cut off for cooking, especially of veal or mutton. [Fr. cotelette, dim. of cote; from L. costa, rib.] CUT-OFF (kut'af), n. 1. Shorter way of pas- sage. 2. Any device for cutting off flow, as a valve or gate. CUT-OUT (kut'owt), n. Elec. 1. Any device for cutting an electric source from a circuit, or from part of a circuit. 2. Safety fuse. CUTPURSE (kut'purs), n. Highway robber; pickpocket. CUTTER (kut'er), n. 1. Person or thing that cuts. 2. In a tailor's shop, the one who measures and cuts out the cloth. 3. Naut. (1) Small vessel with one mast, a mainsail, a fore- staysail, and a jib set to bowsprit- end. (2) Any sloop of narrow beam and deep draft. (3) Small boat used by ships of war. (4) Small steam vessel used in the customs revenue service. 4. Light sleigh. CUTTHROAT (kut'thrOt), n. Murderous ruffian; assassin. CUTTING (kut'ing), I. a. 1. Sharp-edged; serving to cut. 2. Sarcastic; biting. 3. Underselling. II. n. .1. Act of dividing or lopping off. 2. Incision. 3. Piece cut off or out, as a twig, newspaper clipping, etc. CUTTLE (kut'l), n. 1. Cuttlefish. 2. Cuttle- bone. [A. S. cudele, cuttlefish.] CUTTLEBONE (kut'1-bdn), n. Internal shell or bone of the cuttlefish. Cutter. I, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, ' u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. CUTTLEFISH 321 CYLINDRIC Cuttlefish. CUTTLEFISH (kut'1-flsh), n. Marine mollusk, remarkable for Its power of ejecting a black Inky liquid, or sepia. It has an ob- long body, with long lateral fins, and ten arms, each with four rows of suckers. CUTWATER (kut'wa- ter), n. 1. Naut. Forepart of a ship's prow. 2. Edge on the upstream side of a bridge pier. CUTWORM (kut'wurm), n. Small white grub that destroys young plants by cutting through the stem near the root. CYANATE (sl'a-nat), n. Client. Salt of cyanic acid. CYANIC (sl-an'ik), a. Chem. 1. Of or pertaining to cyanogen. 2. Of or pertaining to blue. 3. Bot. Of a series of colors, including all shades of blue. — Cyanic acid, acid composed of cyanogen and oxygen. CYANIDE (sl'a-nid), n. Direct compound of cyanogen with a metal. CYANINE (si'a-nin), n. Blue coloring matter of violets, etc. CYANITE ( sl'a-nlt ), n. Min. Mineral com- posed of alumina and silica, generally sky- blue. CYANOGEN (si-an'o-Jen), n. Chem. Compound of carbon, obtained by decomposing the cya- nide of mercury by heat, so called from being an essential ingredient in the formation of Prussian blue. [Gr. kyanos, blue, and -GEN.] CYANOMETER (sl-a-nom'e-ter), n. Instru- ment for measuring the degrees of blueness of the sky or ocean. [Gr. kyanos, blue, and -METER.] CYANOSIS ( si-a-no'sis ), n. Pathol. Blueness of the skin; blue jaundice. [Gr. kyanos, blue.] CYATHIFORM (si-ath'1-farm), a. Bot. Cup- shaped. [L. cyathus, cup, and forma, shape.] CyBELE (sib'e-le), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Heaven and Earth, also known as Rhea, wife of Cronos or Saturn. She was commonly called the "Great Mother of the Gods." CYCLE (si'kl), n. 1. Round or course of years. 2. Imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens. 3. Collection of legendary or traditional matter round some mythical or heroical char- acter or event. 4. Bicycle, tricycle, motor- cycle, etc. 5. Bot. Complete turn of a spire. 6. Math. Loop, or closed path in a diagram. [Gr. kyklos, circle.] CYCLE (si'kl), vi. [pr.p. CY'CLING; p.t. and p.p. CYCLED (si'kld).] 1. Move in cycles. 2. Ride or take exercise on a bicycle, tricycle, etc. CYCLER (si'kler), n. Same as CYCLIST. CYCLIC (sik'llk), CYCLICAL (sik'lik-al), a. Per- taining to or containing a cycle. CYCLING (si'kling), n. Sport or exercise of ri- ding a cycle; wheeling. CYCLIST (si'kllst), n. One who rides a bicycle, tricycle, motor-cycle, etc. CYCLO-, stem. Of a circle or wheel; circular. [Gr. kyklos, circle.] CYCLOGRAPH (si'klo-graf), n. Instrument for describing the arcs of circles that have too large a curvature for compasses. [Gr. kyklos, circle, and grapho, write.] CYCLOID (si'kloid), n. 1. Figure like a circle. 2. Geom. Curve made by a point in a circle, when the circle Is rolled along a straight line. [Gr. kyklos, circle, and eidos, form.] CYCLOID AL (si-kloi'dal), a. Pertaining to, or of the form of, a cycloid. CYCLOMETER (si-klom'e-ter), n. 1. Instru- ment for measuring circular arcs. 2. Device attached to the wheel of a cycle for registering the distance traversed. [Gr. kyklos, circle, and metron, measure.] CYCLOMETRY (si-klom'e-tri), n. Art or proc- ess of measuring circles. CYCLONE (si'klon), n. Violent circular or ro- tatory storm. [Gr. kyklon, pr.p. of kykloO, whirl round; from kyklos, circle.] CYCLONIC (si-klon'ik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of a cyclone. CYCLOPEAN (sI-klo-p5'an), a. 1. Relating to or like the Cyclops, a fabled race of giants who lived chiefly In Sicily, having but one eye, which was in the middle of the forehead. 2. Gigantic; vast; immense. 3. [c-] Having but one eye. CYCLOPEDIA, CYCLOPEDIA (si-klo-pS'di-a), n. 1. Circle of human knowledge. 2. Ency- clopedia; book of universal information. [Gr. kyklos, circle, and paideia, learning.] C YCLOPEDIC, C YCLOPEDIC ( si-klo-pg'dlk) , o. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a cyclopedia. Cyclops (si'kiops), n. [pi. cyclopes (si'kia- pez).] One of the gigantic one-eyed work- men of Vulcan, who made Jove's thunder- bolts, and lived In a cave under Mt. Etna. CYCLORAMA (si-klo-ra'ma), n. Circular pan- orama painted on the inside of a cylindrical surface appearing in natural perspective. [Gr. kyklos, circle, and horama, view.] CYCLOSCOPE (si'klo-skop), n. Device for measuring velocity of revolving wheels or axles. [CYCLO- and -SCOPE.] CYCLOSIS (si-kld'sis), n. Bot. Circulation of fluids in plants. [L. L. — Gr. kyklosis, circu- lation.] CYGNET (slg'net), n. Young swan. [Fr. cygne, swan.] CYLINDER (sil'in-der), n. 1. Solid or hollow roller-like body, whose ends are equal parallel circles. 2. Chamber of a steam-engine, gas- engine, etc., in which the force of steam, gas, etc., is utilized upon the piston. 3. Mech. Hollow cylindrical part of a machine, as the cylindrical portion of a printing press. [Gr. kylindros; from kylindd, roll.] CYLINDRIC (si-lin'drik), CYLINDRICAL (sl- fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. CYLINDROID 32' Czech > lin'drik-gl)* a. Having the form or properties of a cylinder. CYLINDROID (sil'in-droid), n. Body like a cylinder, but having its base elliptical. [Gr. kylindros, cylinder, and eidos, form.] CTMA (si 'ma), n. [pi. CY'MM.] 1. Arch. Mold- ing of the cornice ; ogee. 2. Bot. Cyme. [Gr. kyma, billow.] CYMBAL (sim'bal), n. Hollow brass, basin-like, musical in- strument, pairs of which are beaten to- gether. [L. cytnbalumi from Gr. kymbalon; from kym- bos; hollow Cymbals. of a vessel.] CYMBIFORM (sim'bi-farm), a, Bot. Resem- bling a boat. CYME (sim), n. Bot. Any form of Inflorescence which is definite or centrifugal. [L. cyma; from Gr. kyma, sprout.] CYMOID (si'moid), a. Having the form of a cyme. CYMOMETER (si-mom'e-ter), n. Blec. Instru- ment for measuring electrical oscillations in wireless telegraphy. [Gr. kyma, wave, and -METER.] CYMOSCOPE (si'mo-skop), n. Blec. Sensitive galvanometric resistance coil arranged to im- mediately detect the pressure of electric waves or currents in wireless telegraphy. CYMOSE (sl'nios), a. Bot. Bearing, pertaining to, or like, a cyme. CYMRIC, KYMRIC (kim'rik), a. Welsh. [Wei. Cymru, Wales.] CYMRY, KYMRY (kim'ri), n.pl. The Welsh. CYNIC ( sin'ik), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Cynics. 2. [c-] Of or like a dog; surly; snarling. 3. [c-] Austere; misanthropic. II. n. 1. [C-] One of a sect of philosophers founded by Antisthenes of Athens (born 444 B. C), characterized by an ostentatious con- tempt for riches, arts, etc. — so called from their morose manner. 2. [c-] Sneering, sarcastic, or surly person; misanthrope. [Gr. kynikos, dog-like; from kyon, Jcynos, dog.] CYNICISM (sin'i-sizm), n. Contempt for hu- man nature; misanthropy. CYNOSURE (sin'o-shor or si'no-shor), n. Ob- ject of general interest; anything that strongly attracts attention or admiration. [L. Cy- nosura, the Little Bear (the constellation con- taining the north star) ; from Gr. Kynosoura; from kyon, kynos, dog, and oura, tail.] CYNTHIA (sin'thi-a), n. Greek Myth. One of the many names given to Diana, goddess of the moon. CYNTHXJS (sin'thus), n. Greek Myth. A famed mountain in Delos supposed to be the abode of Apollo and Artemis. CYPARISSUS ( sip-a-ris'us), n. Greek Myth. Son of Telephus who was metamorphosed into a stag by Apollo. CYPRESS (si'pres), n. 1. Evergreen tree whose branches were formerly carried at funerals. 2. Hence, a symbol of death. [O. Fr. cypres; from Gr. kyparissos.] CYPRIAN (sip'ri-an), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the island of Cyprus, where Venus was worshiped. 2. Hence, abandoned; unchaste. II. n. 1. Native of Cyprus. 2. Abandoned woman. CYPRINE (sip'rin), a. Of or pertaining to the cypress. CYPRUS (sl'prus), n. Island in E. Mediterra- nean, belonging to England. CYST (sist), n. 1. Pathol. Sac in animal bodies containing morbid matter. 2. Bot. Recep- tacle for oil in the rind of the orange, etc. [Gr. kystis, bladder.] CYSTED (sist'ed), a. Contained or inclosed in a cyst; cystic. CYSTIC (sist'ik), a. Having the form of, or con- tained in, a cyst. CYSTITIS (sis-ti 'tis), n. Pathol. Inflammation of the bladder. [Gr. kystis, bladder, and -ITIS.] CYSTOCELE (sis'to-sel), n. Pathol. Hernia formed by the protrusion of the bladder. [Gr. kystis, bladder, and kele, tumor.] CYSTOSCOPE (sis'to-skop), n. Surg. Instru- ment for viewing the interior of the bladder by electric illumination. [Gr. kystis, bladder, and skopeo, view.] CYSTOTOMY (sis-tot'o-mi), n. Surg. Operation of cutting into the bladder to remove extraneous matter. [Gr. kystis, ladder, and temno, cut.] CYTE (sit), n. Cell; usually in composition; as, leucoct/*e. [Gr. kytos, cavity — kyo, contain.] CYTOBLAST (si'to-blast), n. Biol. Nucleus or germinal spot of a cellule, from which the or- ganic cell is developed. [Gr. kytos, vessel, and blastos, sprout.] C YTOGENESIS (si-to-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. Cell for- mation. [Gr. kytos, vessel, and genesis, origin.] CYTOLYSIS ( sl-tol'i-sis), n. Cell disintegra- tion. [Gr. kytos, vessel, and lysis, loosening.] CzAR (zar), n. Mem. CZARINA (za-re'na).] 1. Emperor of Russia. 2. [c-] Absolute monarch. [Russ. tsare, king; conn, with Ger. kaiser; ult. from L. Coesar, king or emperor.] Czarevitch (zar'e-vich), Czarowitch (zar'o-wich), n. Eldest son of the Czar. CzAREVNA (za-rev'na), n. Wife of the Czar- evitch. [Russ. tsarevna, princess.] ^ZARINA (za-re'na), n. Empress of Russia. CZECH (chek), n. I. Member of the most west- erly branch of the Slavic family of races, the term including the Bohemians, or Czechs proper, the Moravians, and the Slovaks. 2. Language of the Czechs. [Bohem.l fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 323 DAFFODIL Dab. d (dS),n. [pi. B's (dez).l Fourth letter in the English alphabet. Its sound approaches that of t, but is vocalized, as in day, deed. The termination -ed, assumed by the past tense and past participle, after a non- vocal or surd consonant, takes the sound of t, as in pressed, fixed — pronounced prest, fixt. DAB (dab), v. [pr.p. DABBING; p.t. and p.p. DABBED (dabd).] I. vt. 1. Strike gently with something soft or moist; smear. 2. Strike lightly with a pointed instrument; jab. II. vi. 1. Use a dabber. 2. Peck, as birds. [Doublet of TAP.] DAB (dab), n. 1. Gentle blow; tap. 2. Peck or stroke from a bird's beak. 3. Small lump of anything moist or soft. 4. Species of flounder of light- brown color, with small dark spots and rough close-set scales. DAB (dab), n. Skillful person; adept; expert. [Corrup. of ADEPT.] DABBER (dab'er), n. Sort of pad for dabbing ink on engraved wood blocks or plates. DABBLE (dab'l), v. [pr.p. DAB'BLING; p.t. and p.p. DABBLED (dab 'Id).] I. vt. Spatter with moisture. II. vi. 1. Play in water with hands and feet. 2. Do anything in a trifling way; take up any pursuit superficially or slightly; trifle. DABBLER (dab'ler), n. One who dabbles. DABCHICK (dab'chik), n. Small grebe-like water-fowl, named from its quick diving habits. [Literally, "dip-chick."] DABOIA, DABOYA (da-boi'a), n. Leopard viper, a poisonous serpent of East India. DABSTER (dab'ster), n. Expert or adept per- son; dab. DA CAPO (da ka'po). Music. From the be- ginning; term in music, frequently placed at the end of a movement, indicating that the performer must return to the beginning of the music — usually written D. C. [It.] DACE (das), n. Small river fish of the carp family, and of the same genus as the roach, chub, etc. [O. Fr. dars; from L. L. dardus. dart.] DaCELO (da-se'16), n. Zool. Genus of birds of the kingfisher family. See COCK-BIRD and LAUGHING-JACKASS (Dacelo-gigas). DACHSHUND (daks'hont), n. Long-bodied and short-legged dog, sometimes called badger- dog. [Ger., badger-hound.] DACTYL (dak'til), n. 1. In Latin and Greek poetry, a foot of three syllables, one long fol- lowed by two short, so called from its likeness to the joints of a finger. 2. In English, a foot of three syllables, with the first accented, as mer'ri-ly, mo'tor-ing. [L. dactylus; from Gr. daktylos, finger.] Relating to or con- Dactylopterus (flying gurnard). DACTYLIC (dak-til'ik), a. sisting chiefly of dactyls. DACTYLIOGLYPH ( dak-til i-o-glif), DACTYL- IOGLYPHIST (dak-til-i-og'H-fist), n. One skilled in the cutting of and engraving on precious stones for seal and signet rings. DACTYLOLOGY ( dak-til-ol'o-ji ), n. Art of talking with the fingers; chirology. [Gr. daktylos, finger, and suffix -LOGY.] DACTYLONOMY (dak-til-on'o-mi), n. Science of computing with the fingers. Dactylopterus (dak-til-op'ter-us), n. Genus of fishes in which the head is flattened, large and long; the body is covered with large scales, and the pectoral fins are very large. Dactylop' terus volitans is the flying gurnard. DAD (dad), DADDA (dad'a), DADDY (dad'i), n. Father; used chiefly by children. [Wei. tad, father; cogn. with O. L. tata, father.] DADDLE (dad'l), vi. [pr.p. DADDLING; p.t. and p.p. DABBLED (dad'ld).] Totter. [Etym. doubtful.] DADDY-LONGLEGS (dad-i-lang'legz), n. Fa- miliar dipterous insect with long body, legs, and antennae. DADO (da/do), n. [pi. DA'DOES.] 1. In classical architecture, the cubic block forming the body of a pedestal. 2. Skirting of wood along the lower part of the walls of a room, often represented merely by wall-paper, painting, etc. [It.; from L. datum, something thrown {talus, a die, being understood).] D.3EDALUS (ded'a-lus), n. Greek Myth. A great architect and sculptor; invented the wedge, the axe, the level, and the gimlet and was the first to use sails; he constructed the famous labyrinth of Crete; was confined there with his son, Icarus, but escaped with wings which he built. D^SMON(de'mon),n. Spirit holding a middle place between gods and men, like the daemon or good spirit of Socrates. [L. dae- mon; from Gr. daimon, a spirit, a genius, and later a devil. See DEMON.] DEMONIC (de-mon'ik), a. Supernatural ; of pow- er or intelligence more than human. DAFFODIL (daf'o-dil), DAFFODOWNDILLY (daf'o-down-dil-i), DAF- FODILLY (daf'o-dil-i), n. Daffodil {Narcissus ■poeticus). Yellow flower of the lily tribe. [Gr. asphodelos, asphodel.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DAFT 324 DAMAR ALAND > DAFT (daft), a. 1. Silly; weak-minded. 2. Unreasonably merry. [lee. daufr, foolish.] DAGGER (dag'er), n. 1. Short two-edged and pointed weapon, for stabbing at close quarters. 2. Print. Mark of reference [f], the double dagger [%] being another. [Wei. dagr, dagger.] DAGGLE (dag'l), v. [pr.p. DAG'GLING; p.t. and p.p. DAGGLED (dag'ld).] I. vt. Drag or trail through mud or wet. II. vi. Become be- draggled. [Freq. of Sw. dagga, bedew.] DAGO (da'go), n. [pi. DAGOS (da'goz).] n. Opprobrious name applied to the lower class of the Latin race in the United States. [Corrup. of Sp. Diego.'] DAGOBA (dag'o-ba), n. In Ceylon, a dome-like structure of solid masonry, containing relics of a Buddhist saint. [Cingalese.] DAGUERREOTYPE (da-ger'o-tip), n. 1. Method of taking, by means of a camera, photographic pictures on silver-coated metal plates, sen- sitized by exposure to fumes of iodine in a dark chamber. 3. Picture produced by this method. [Daguerre, the inventor, and TYPE.] DAHABEAH (da-ha-be"ya), n. Light draft one- or two-masted house-boat used on the River Nile. [Ar. dhahabiyah.] DAHLIA (dal'ya), n. Bot. 1. Genus of com- posite plants, with beautiful large flowers of many varieties of hue. 2. [d-] Plant of this genus, or its flower. [Dahl, Swedish botanist.] DAHOMEY (da-ho'ma), n. French protectorate in W. Africa. DAILY (da'li), I. a. Happening or appearing every day. II. adv. Day after day; every day. III. n. [pi. DAILIES (da'liz).] Newspaper published every day, or every week-day. DAINTILY (dan'ti-li), adv. In a dainty manner. DAINTINESS (dan'ti-nes), n. Quality of being dainty. DAINTY (dan 'ti), I. a. 1. Pleasing to the taste ; delicious. 2. Delicate in form or manner; refined. 3. Fastidious; nice; hard to please. II. n. [pi. DAINTIES (dan'tiz).] Anything very nice to the taste; delicacy. [O. Fr. daintie, worthiness.] DAIRE (di're), n. Turkish tambourine. DAIRI (di'ri), n. Mikado's palace in Japan. DAIRY (da'ri), n. [pi. DAIRIES (da'riz).] 1. Place where milk is kept, and butter and cheese made. 2. Establishment for the sale of dairy produce. DAIRYMAID (da'ri-mad), n. Maid or woman who works in a dairy. DAIRYMAN (da'ri-man), n. [pi. DAI'RYMEN.] Man who keeps a dairy. DAIS (da/is), n. 1. Raised floor or platform in any hall or room, on which the chief per- sonages sit at any meeting. 2. Raised floor with a seat and canopy. 3. Canopy over an altar, etc. 4. Formerly, the chief seat at the principal table in a baronial hall. [O. Fr. dais; from L. L. discus, table; from L. discus, quoit; from Gr. diskos, disk, plate.] Daisies. DAISY (da'zi), n. [pi. DAISIES (da'ziz).l 1. Small wild flower of the genus Bellis, with a white rim of petals ar- ranged like a star, and a yellow center. 2. Name given to various other plants, as the oxeye daisy, which is a chrysanthe- mum. 3. Something par- ticularly nice. (Slang.) [A. S. dceges, edge, day's eye, the sun.] DALE (dal), n. Low ground between hills; dell; glen. [A. S. dwl.] DALI (da'li), n. South American wax-tree. DALLES (dalz), n.pl. Rapids flowing through a narrow gorge of basaltic rock. [Fr. dalle, flagstone.] DALLIANCE (dal'i-ans), n. 1. Dallying; toying; trifling. 2. Interchange of caresses. 3. Delay; procrastination. DALLIER (dal'i-er), n. One who dallies; fondler; trifler; loiterer. DALLY (dal'i), vi. [pr.p. DALLYING; p.t. and p.p. DALLIED (dal'id).] 1. Lose time by trifling; delay; loiter. 2. Exchange caresses. [Ice. dvala, delay.] DALMATIA (dal-ma'shya), n. Province of Aus- tria, on the Adriatic. Area 4,940 sq. m. DALMATIAN (dal-ma'shun), a. Belonging to Dalmatia. — Dalmatian dog, spotted coach- dog, resembling the pointer in shape. DALMATIC (dal-mat'ik), n. Loose-fitting, wide- sleeved ecclesiastical vestment worn by deacons at m iss or communion. [L. L. dalmatica; from L. Dalmatia, Dalmatia.] DALTONISM (dal 'tun-izm), n . Color-blindness. [From John Dalton, an English chemist (1766-1844), who had this infirmity.] DAM (dam), n. 1. Embankment to restrain water. 2. Water thus confined. [Of A. S. origin.] DAM (dam), vt. [pr.p. DAM 'MING; p.t. and p.p. D AMMED (damd) .? Stop the flow of by a dam, or as by a dam. DAM (dam), n. Female parent, applied to quad- rupeds. [Form of DAME.] DAMA (da'ma), n. African gazelle (Gazella dama). DAMAGE (dam'aj), n. 1. Any hurt, injury, mischief, or detriment done to any person or thing. 2. Any harm or loss incurred. 3. Value or cost of hurt or injury done. 4. [pi.] Pecuniary reparation due for loss or injury sustained by one person through the fault or negligence of another. [O. Fr. ; from L. damnum, loss.] DAMAGE (dam'aj), v. [pr.p. DAMAGING; p.U and p.p. DAMAGED (dam'ajd).] I. vt. Cause harm, loss, or injury to. II. vi. Receive in- jury; become damaged. DAMARALAND (da-ma'ra-land), n. Country of S. W. Africa, on the coast. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,. ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, G DARK > Dandelion (Taraxacum taraxacum). p.t. up the DANCING (dan'sing), n. Act or art of moving in the dance. DANDELION (dan'de-li- un), n. Common plant with a yellow flower, its leaves having jagged tooth-like edges. [Fr. dent de lion, lion's tooth.] DANDER (dan'der), n. 1. Dandruff. 2. Anger; temper. (Slang.) [Cor- rup. Of DANDRUFF.] DANDIFIED (dan'di-fid), c. Having the appear- ance and manners of a dandy; dudish. DANDLE (dan'dl), vt. [pr.p. DANDLING; and p.p. DANDLED (dan'dld).] Move or down, or toss playfully, as a babe on knee. [Ger. tandeln, toy.] DANDLER (dan'dler), n. One who dandles. DANDRUFF (dan'druf), DANDRIFF (dan'- drif), n. Scaly scurf which forms on the sur- face of the skin under the hair of the head and beard. [Wei. ton, skin, and drwg, bad.] DANDY (dan'di), I. n. [pi. DANDIES.] 1. Man extravagantly fond of dress; coxcomb; fop; dude. 2. Anything particularly fine. II. a. 1. Like a dandy; dandified. 2. Specially fine; exquisite. [It. dandola, doll.] DANDYISM (dan'di-izm), n. Foppishness. DANE (dan), n. Native of Denmark, a country of N. W. Europe. — Great Dane, large Danish dog. DANGER (dan'jer), n. State of exposure to in- jury or loss of any kind; peril; hazard; risk. [Fr. danger, risk, harm; from O. Fr. dongier, power (of a feudal lord) ; from L. L. dominium, feudal au- thority; from L. dominus, lord.] STN. Jeopardy; inse- curity. ANT. Security protection. DANGEROUS (dan'jer-us), a. Full of danger; unsafe; insecure. DANGEROUSLY (dan'jer-us-li), adv. In a dan- gerous manner. DANGEROUSNESS (dan'jer-us-nes), n. Quality or state of being dangerous. DANGLE (dang'gl), v. [pr.p. DANGLING; p.t. and p.p. DANGLED (dang'gld).] I. vt. Cause to hang loosely. II. vi. 1. Hang loosely, swinging or waving about. 2. Follow any one about. [Dan.] DANGLER (dang'gler), n. One who dangles, or follows others about. DANISH (dan'ish), I. a. Of or pertaining to Denmark. II. n. Language of the Danes. Christian IX. King of Denmark. Born 1818— died 1906. safety; defense; DaNITE (dan'it), n. One of a secret society amongst the early Mormons. [In allusion to Gen. xiix. 16, 17.] DANK (dangk ), a. Exhaling cold, damp vapors; damp; moist. [Sw. dagg, dew.] DANKISH (dangk'ish), c. Somewhat dank or damp. DANSEUSE (dang-suz'), n. Professional female dancer; ballet dancer. [Fr.] DANUBE (dan'ub), n. River, rises in Black Forest, Baden, enters Black Sea. DANZIG (diint'sik), n. Seaport on the Vistula, W. Prussia. DAPHNE (daf'ne), n. 1. Myth. One of the nymphs of Diana, who was changed into a laurel-tree. 2. Bot. Genus of shrubs,mostly evergreen. [Gr. daphne, laurel or bay-tree.] DAPICO (dap'i-ko), n. Gum obtained from the milk-rubber plant in South America. DAPPER (dap'er), a. 1. Little and active. 2. Neat; spruce; trim. [Dut. dapper, brave, active, bold.] DAPPLE (dap'l), I. a. Marked with spots of different colors or shades. II. n. 1. Spot, as on a dapple horse. 2. Dappled or spotted horse. [Ice. depill, spot.] DAPPLE (dap'l), vt. [pr.p. DAPPLING; p.t. and p.p. DAPPLED (dap 'Id).] Variegate. with spots. DAPPLED (dap'ld), a. Variegated with spots; dapple. DARDANELLES (dar-da-nelz'), w. Strait be- tween Europe and Asia. DaRDANUS (dar'da-nus), n. Greek Myth. Founder of Troy; son of Jupiter and Electra. DARE (dar), v. [pr.p. DARING; p.t. DURST (durst) or DARED (dard); p.p. DARED.] I. vt. I. Venture on; attempt; risk. 2. Challenge; defy. II. vi. Be bold or adventurous enough; venture. [A. S. durran, dare; 1st pers. pres. ind. dearr.] DARE (dar), n. Challenge; defiance. DARE-DEVIL (dar'dev-1), I. a. Rash; reckless. II. n. Rash, venturesome fellow. DARIEN (da'ri-en), n. Seaport in Georgia, U. S. DARIEN (da-ri-en'; Sp. da-ri-en'), ISTHMUS OF. Narrow portion of Isthmus of Panama, between the Gulf of Darien and the Gulf of San Miguel. DARING (dar'ing), I. a. Bold; courageous; fearless; venturesome. II. n. Boldness; bravery; courage. DARINGLY (dar'ing-li), adv. In a daring manner. DARINGNESS (dar'ing-nes), n. Quality of be- ing daring. DARK (dark), I. a. 1. Without light. 2. Black, or approaching black; opposed to FAIR. 3. Gloomy; cheerless. 4. Unen- lightened. 5. Difficult to understand; ob- scure. 6. Secret; hidden; concealed; occult. 7. Morally black; wicked; atrocious. II. n. 1. Absence of light. 2. Obscurity. 3. State fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DARKEN 327 DASTARDLY of ignorance. — Dark ages, the middle ages. — ■ Dark horse, unannounced possible competitor. [A. S. deorc] DARKEN (dark'n), v. [pr.p. DARKENING; p.t. and p.p. DARKENED (dark'nd).] I. vt. 1. Make dark. 2. Render ignorant. 3. Obscure. 4. Make gloomy. II. vi. Grow dark. DARKISH (dark'ish), a. Inclining to be dark. DARKLE (dar'kl), vi. [pr.p. DARKLING; p.t. and p.p. DARKLED (dar'kld).] Grow dark. DARKLING (dar'kling), I. a. Dark; gloomy. II. adv. In the dark. DARKLY (dark'li), adv. 1. Without light. 2. Obscurely; vaguely. 3. Frowningly. DARKNESS (dark'nes), n. State or quality of being dark. SYN. Dimness; gloom; obscurity; black- ness; blindness; ignorance. ANT. Light; glow; illumination; daylight. DARKSOME (dark'sum), a. 1. Dark. 2. Gloomy. (Poet.) DARKY (dark'i), n. Negro. (Colloq.) DARLING (darling), 1. a. Dearly beloved; favorite. II. n. One dearly beloved; favorite. [A. S. deorling, little dear.] DARMSTADT (darm'stat), n. Capital of grand- duchy of Hesse, Germany. DARN (darn), vt. [pr.p. DARN'ING; p.t. and and p.p. DARNED (darnd).] Mend a hole in with needle and thread or yarn, etc. [Wei., piece, patch.] DARN (darn), n. Place mended by darning. DARNEL (dar'nei), n. Bot. Annual of the rye- grass genus, supposed to be the tares of Scripture. [O. Fr. dame, stupid (from its supposed narcotic properties).] DARNER (darn'er), n. One who darns or mends by darning. DART (dart), n. 1. Pointed weapon for throwing with the hand. 2. Anything that pierces or wounds like a dart. [O. Fr. — 0. High Ger. tart.] DART (dart), v. [pr.p. DART'ING; p.t. and p.p. DARTED.] I. vt. 1. Hurl suddenly. 2. Send or shoot forth. II. vi. 1. Start or shoot forth rapidly. 2. Shoot darts. DARTER (dart'er), n. 1. One who throws darts. 2. One who starts and moves suddenly and quick- ly. 3. Brazilian bird of the pelican family that darts with its long snake- Darter (Plotus anhinga). like neck into the water after its prey. 4. Small quick-moving fish. DARWINIAN (dar-win'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to Charles Darwin, or to Darwinism. II. n. Adherent of Darwinism. DARWINISM (dar'win-izm), w. Theory ad- vanced by Charles Darwin, English naturalist, in 1859, that all forms of organic life are de- rived from a small number of primitive types, by a process of survival of the individuals best adapted to the surrounding conditions of nature, and hereditary transmission of their superior structure. DASH (dash), v. [pr.p. DASHING; p.t. and p.p. DASHED (dasht).] I. vt. 1. Throw violently ; hurl. 2. Break by throwing together or against some thing. 3. Splash; bespatter. 4. Destroy; frustrate. 5. Mix or adulter- ate. 6. Compose or sketch in haste. 7. Con- found or abash. II. vi. Rush violently or excitedly. [Dan. deska, slap.] DASH (dash), n. 1. Sudden spirited movement; rush; onset. 2. Violent collision; sound as of things being dashed. 3. Admixture or In- fusion. 4. Small quantity of any substance mixed with another. 5. Spirit; daring; ac- tivity; promptness. 6. Flourish; show-off; bluster. 7. Sudden check or blow; frustration; disappointment. 8. Print, (a) Short horizon- tal line or mark [ — ] at a break in a sentence. (6) Line, either singlel or double, [ , , °4>° ], used to segregate differ- ent sections of printed matter. 9. Music. Mark [ ' ] denoting that the note over which it is placed is to be performed in a short dis- tinct manner. DASHBOARD (dash'bord), n. Leather-covered frame on the front of a carriage, to keep off splashes of mud. DASHER (dash'er), n. 1. One who dashes. 2. Dashboard. 3. Board perforated with holes, used in a churn to convert cream Into butter. DASHER-BLOCK (dash'er-blok), n. Naut. Small block at the extremity of the spanker-gaff, for reeving the ensign-halyards. DASHING (dash'ing), a. Spirited; gallant; gay. DASHINGLY (dash'ing-li), adv. In a dashing manner. DASHPOT(dash'pot), n.Mech. 1. Metal cylinder containing air, oil or other fluid used to serve as a spring bumper to facilitate gradual de- scent of elevators. 2. Elec. Device attached to an arc light to regulate the gradual ap- proach of the carbons as they are being con- sumed. DASH-RULE (dash'rol), n. Print. Rule of metal, usually a little shorter than the width of the printed matter or column, used to sep- arate different subjects. DASSY (das'i), n. [pi. DAS'SIES.] South African coney-rabbit (Procavia capensis). DASTARD (das'tard), I. a. Shrinking from danger; cowardly. II. n. Cowardly fellow; poltroon. [Scand. dast, dazed, and -ARD.] DASTARDIZE(das'tard-iz),^.[pr.p.DAS'TARD- IZING; p.t. and p.p. DASTARDIZED (das'tard- izd).] Make dastard; cow. DASTARDL1NESS (das'tard-li-nes), n. Base timidity; cowardliness. DASTARDLY (das'tard-li), a. Characterized by gross cowardice; cowardly; base. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, *wn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. DAS TUBE 328 DAWNING , tan.j \ ' i/ta or \ n.pl. * > DASYURE (das'i-ur), n. Zool. Small carnivo- rous quadruped found in Aus- tralia and Tas- mania (formerly Van Dieman's Land). [G r . dasys, hairy; and oura, tail.] DATA (da' da'ta), n.pl [sing. DA'TUM.] Dasyure (Dasyurus maculatus). Facts given or admitted from which other facts may be de- duced. [L., from datus, p.p. of do, give.] DATE (dat), n. 1. Part of a letter, inscription, coin, etc., denoting the time, etc., when such letter, inscription, or coin was written, in- scribed, or coined. 2. Time of any event. 3. Stipulated time. 4. Age; period of time. [L. datum, given, as in datum Roma?, given or written at Rome.] DATE (dat), v. [pr.p. DA'TING; p.t. and p.p. DATED.] I. vt. Affix the date to. II. vi. I. Bear a date. 2. Have an origin; begin. DATE (dat), n. Fruit of the date-palm, or the tree itself. [Fr. datte; from L. dactylus; from Gr. daktylos, finger.] DATELESS (dat'les), a. 1. Without date. 2. Without fixed limit. DATE-PALM (dat'pam), DATE-TREE (dSt'tre), n. Tree on which dates grow, a native of the northern half of Africa and the southwest of Asia. DATER (da'ter), n. Stamp or appliance for affixing dates. DATIVE (da'tiv), Gram. I. a. Denoting that case of a noun or pronoun which expresses the relation usually signified by to or for, as the possessive expresses that signified by of. II. n. The dative case. [L. dativus, giving; from do, give.] DATTOCK(dat'uk),n. Bot. African mahogany- tree. DATUM (da'tum or da'tum), n. See DATA. DATU3I-LINE (da'tum-lin), n. Civil Engineer- ing. Line along a fixed plane from which are reckoned all the heights along a section. DAUB (dab), v. [pt.p. DAUBING; p.t. and p.p. DAUBED (dabd).] I. vt. 1. Smear over; plaster or cover with mud or other soft sticky substance. 2. Paint coarsely. 3. Cover or disguise with something specious. II. vi. Paint coarsely. [O. Fr. dauber; from L. dealbo, whiten or whitewash.] DAUB (dab), n. 1. Act of daubing. 2. State of being daubed. 3. Coarse inartistic painting. DAUBER (dab'er), n. 1. One who or that which daubs. 2. Brush for daubing blacking on shoes. 3. Dabber. DAUBERT (dab'er-i), n . [pi. DAUB'ERIES.] 1. Crudely artful device. 2. Daubing. DAUBING (dab'ing), n. 1. Act of smearing over. 2. That which is smeared over anything. 3. Act of painting coarsely. DAUBREITE (da'bre-lt), n. Min. Yellow chlorid of bismuth. [G. A. Daubre'e, French mineralogist.] DAUGHTER (da'ter), n. 1. Female child, In relation to father or mother. 2. Female de- scendant as, "the daughters of Israel." [A. S. dohtor.] DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (da'ter-in-la), n. Wife of one's son. DAUGHTERLY (da'ter-li), adv. Like or becom- ing a daughter. DAUNT (dant), vt. [pr.p. DAUNTING; p.t. and p.p. DAUNTED.] Frighten; discourage; sub- due; cow; dishearten; intimidate. [O. Fr. danter; from L. domito, subdue.] DAUNTLESS (dant'les), a. Fearless; bold; In- trepid; not to be daunted. DAUNTLESSL Y (dant'les-li), adv. In a dauntless manner. DAUNTLESSNESS (dant'les-nes), n. Quality of being dauntless. DAUPHIN (da'fin), n. Name given to the eldest son of the king of France, from 1349 down to 1830. [So called from the principality of Dauphine having been the appanage of the heir-apparent to the crown.] DAUPHINESS (da'fin-es), DAUPHINE (da'fen), n. Wife of the dauphin. DAUW (da), n. Zool. African zebra found near Sahara desert. DAVENPORT (dav'n-port), n. 1. Small ornamental writing - desk. 2. Convertible bed settee. [Name of the maker.] DAVIT (dav'it), n. Naut. One of a pair of pieces of timber or iron, projecting over a ship's side or stern, having tackle to raise a boat by. [Etym. doubtful.] DAW (da), n. Same as JACK-DAW. DAWDLE (daw'dl), v. [pr.p. DAWDLING; p.t. and p.p. DAWDLED (da'dld).] I. v t. Spend idly; waste. II. vi. 1. Waste time by trifling. 2. Act or move slowly. [Sc. daidle, toddle.] DAWDLER (da'dler), n. One who dawdles. DAWN (dan), vi. [pr.p. DAWN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DAWNED (dand).] 1. Become day; begin to grow light. 2. Begin to appear. [A. S. dagian; from dceg, day.] DAWN (dan), n. 1. Daybreak. 2. Beginning. DAWNING (dan'ing), I. a . 1. Breaking, as the dawning day. 2. First appearing. II. n. 1. Dawn or break of day. 2. First opening or Dauw {Equus burchelli). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, DAT 329 DEAD appearance; first promise of future eminence or excellence. DAY (da), n. 1. Time of light, from sunrise to sunset. 2. The twenty-four hours which the earth takes to make a revolution on her axis, reckoned from midnight to midnight — this being the solar or natural day as distinguished from the sidereal day, between two transits of the same star. 3. Number of hours fixed for a day's labor. 4. Man's period of existence or influence. 5. Time or period. 6. Contest of a day. 7. Time of commemorating an event. [A. S. dceg, day.] DAT-BLINDNESS (da'blind-nes), n. Defect of vision, in which objects are best seen by a dim light. DAT-BOOK (da'bok), n. Book in which mer- chants enter the transactions of the day in their order of occurrence. DAYBREAK (da/brak), n. First appearance of day; dawn. DAT-DREAM (da'drem), n. Indulgence of fancies while awake; reverie; castle in the air. DAI-FLY (da'fli), n. [pi. DAY-FLIES (da'fliz).] Ephemera, a fly which lives in its perfect form only for a day; May-fly. DAT-LABOR (da'la-bur), n. Labor by the day. DAT-LABORER (da'la-bur-er), n. One who labors by the day. DATLIGHT (da'llt), n. 1. Light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon, a candle, etc. 2. Daytime. 3. Open or public view; not secrecy or privacy. DAT-LILT (da'lil-i), n. [pi. DAY-LILIES.] Lily that blooms only for a day; plant of the genus Hemer- ocallis or genus Funkia, re- semblingtrue lilies, but hav- ing the rootstalks tuberous. DAY-MAN (da'man), n. [pl.~ DAY-MEN (da/men).] La- borer or other operative whose hours of duty are in the daytime. DAY-SCHOOL (da'skol), n. School held during the day as opposed both to a NIGHT-SCHOOL and a BOARDING-SCHOOL. DAYSMAN (daz'man), n. 1. One who appoints a day to hear a cause. 2. Umpire. DAYSPRING (da'spring), n. Dawn. (Poet.) DAY-STAR (da/star), n. 1. Morning star. 2. The sun. DAY'S WORK (daz wurk). Naut. Naviga- tion record for twenty-four hours from noon till the following noon. DAYTIME (da/tim), n. Day as opposed to NIGHT; time during which there is daylight. DAZE (daz), vt, Ipr.p. DA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. DAZED (dazd).] Stupefy or bewilder. [Ice. dasask, become exhausted.] DAZE (daz), n. State of being dazed. DAZZLE (daz'l), v. [pr.p. DAZ'ZLING; p.t. and Day-lily. p.p. DAZZLED (daz'ld).] I. vt. 1. Daze or overpower with any strong light. 2. Amaze or charm by brilliancy, beauty, or cleverness. 11. vi. 1. Be so bright as to overpower the sight. 2. Excite admiration by brilliancy or splendor. [Freq. of DAZE.] DAZZLE (daz'l), n. That which dazzles. DAZZLEMENT (daz'1-ment), n. Act of dazzling. DE-, prefix. From; down; out; away. In some words it represents the Latin dis-, apart, through the O. Fr. des-; Fr. de-, sometimes its force being intensive, as in declare, de- prave, and sometimes negative, as in deface, defame, etc. [L. de, from. See DIS-.] DEACON (de'kn), n. 1. Feci. 1. Order of clergy subordinate to the priests. 2. Prin- cipal lay official. [A. S. deacon; from Gr. diakonos, servant.] DEACONESS (de'kn-es), n. Woman appointed to look after the needy and perform other offices of utility in the church. DEACONRY (de'kn-ri), DEACONSHIP (de'kn- ship), n. Office, rank, duty and term of service of a deacon. DEAD (ded), a. 1. Without life; having died; lifeless. 2. Destitute of life; inanimate. 3. Death-like. 4. Still; motionless; perfectly calm. 5. Flat; stale; tasteless; vapid. 6. Wanting in animation or spirit; dull; frigid. 7. Certain or unerring as death, as a dead shot. 8. Deep; still; undisturbed, as the "dead darkness of the night." 9. Not acting; not to be counted, as a dead ball. 10. Not glossy; dull. 11. Painting. Not gay or bright. 12. Blank; flat; unvaried, as a dead wall. 13. No longer in use; disused, as a dead wire on an electric circuit. 14. Non-resonant. 15. Law. Cut off from all rights of citizenship; civilly dead. — Bead beat, shiftless person; beat; sponge. — Dead heat. 1. Race in which two or more of the contestants reach the winning- post so closely together that the judge cannot say which has won. 2. State or position of exact equality. — Dead horse. 1. Work paid for before it is executed. 2. Something purchased and used before it is paid for. — Dead language, language no longer spoken. — Dead letter. 1. Letter undelivered and unclaimed at the post- office. 2. Law or ordinance which is not en- forced. — Dead level. 1. Perfect level. 2. Sameness. — Dead lift, lift made without help, leverage, etc.; hence, an effort under dis- couraging conditions. [A. S. dead.] SYN. Deceased; defunct; inanimate; lifeless; unconscious; extinct; departed; breathless; cold; frigid; dull; torpid; inert; lukewarm; indifferent; insensible; spirit- less; tasteless; vapid; flat; unemployed; useless; unprofitable; entire; total. ANT. Living; animate; alive; susceptible. DEAD (ded), n. 1. Time of greatest stillness, as the dead of night. 2. Those who have died; the departed; the deceased. late, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, £/ien» ~k.lo.-ch in Scotch loch. DEAD 330 DEARTH I DEAD (ded), adv. 1. Thoroughly; completely; quite, as dead broke, dead tired, etc. 2. Di- rectly, as dead ahead. DEAD-BEAT (ded'bet), I. a. Beating with no recoil, as the dead-beat escapement of a watch. II. n. Bum; heat. (Colloq.) DEADEN (ded'n), vt. [pr.p. DEADENING; p.t. and p.p. DEADENED (ded'nd).] 1. Abate or lessen the force, power, Intensity, velocity, or brightness of; blunt; dull; retard. 2. Deprive of freshness; make dead or stale. DEADENER (ded'n-er), n. That which deadens. DEADENING (ded'n-ing), n. 1. Act of depriving of force, life, or vigor. 2. Packing in a floor, ceiling or wall, to prevent conduction of sound. DEADEYE (ded'i), n. Naut. Round, flattish wooden block with a rope or iron band passing round it, and pierced with three holes for a lanyard by which the shrouds are set up. DEADFALL (ded'fal), n. Trap operated by a weight that, when its support is removed, falls upon and kills or holds the game. DEADHEAD (ded'hed), n. 1. One who Is al- lowed, without payment, to ride in a public conveyance, sit in a theater, etc., or hold a privilege having a money value. 2. Naut. Block of wood used as an anchor-buoy. DEADHEAD (ded'hed), v. [pr.p. DEADHEAD- ING; p.t. and p.p. DEADHEADED.] I. vt. Carry or pass free. II. vi. Travel on a public conveyance or be admitted to a theater, etc., on a free pass. DEAD-LIGHT (ded'llt), n. Naut. Storm-shutter for a cabin window or port-hole. DEAD-LINE (ded'lin), n. In military prisons, a line or limit the passing of which subjects a prisoner to be fired upon by a guard. DEADLINESS (ded'li-nes), n. State or quality of being deadly. DEAD-LOCK (ded'lok), n. 1. Lock operated on one side by a key and on the other by a knob or handle. 2. Case where matters have come to a standstill, as where there is a complete obstruction to legislative proceedings. DEADLY (ded'li), I. a. 1. Causing death ; fatal. 2. Implacable. II. adv. 1. Mortally; fatally. 2. Like death. DEAD-MARCH (ded'march), n. Piece of solemn music played at a funeral, especially at that of a soldier. DEADNESS (ded'nes), n. 1. State or quality of being dead. 2. Languor; dullness. 3. Flat- ness; want of clearness or sharpness. DEAD-RECKONING (ded'rek-un-ing), n. Naut. Estimation of a ship's place simply by the log-book, or calculating the distances trav- eled over given courses and without aid of observations taken of the sun, moon or stars. DEAD SEA (ded se). Salt lake, Palestine, 1,312 feet below sea level. DEAD-WATER (ded'wa-ter), n. Water that eddies about the stern of a ship as she sails. DEAD-WEIGHT (ded'wat), n. Heavy or op- pressive burden. DEAD-WIND (ded'wind), n. Naut. Wind coming directly ahead or opposed to a ship's course. DEAD-WOOD (ded'wod), n. Naut. 1. Pieces of timber laid on the upper side of the keel at either end. 2. Buffer. 3. Useless material. DEAF (def), a. 1. Lacking the sense of hearing, either wholly or in part. 2. Deafened tem- porarily. 3. Unwilling to hear; disregarding; inattentive. [A. S. deaf.] DEAFEN (def'n), vt. [pr.p. DEAFENING; p.t. and p.p. DEAFENED (def'nd).] 1. Make deaf; partly or altogether. 2. Render impervious to sound. DEAF-MUTE (def'mut), «. One who is both deaf and dumb. DEAFNESS (def'nes), n. State or quality of being deaf. DEAL (del), n. 1. Portion. 2. Indefinite quantity. 3. Large quantity. 4. Distribution of cards in a game. 5. Business transaction. 6. Secret understanding. — Square deal, fair treatment. [A. S. dmlan; from d&l, part.] DEAL (del), v. [pr.p. DEALING; p.t. and p.p. DEALT (delt).] I. vt. 1. Distribute, as to deal the cards. 2. Deliver, as to deal a blow. II. vi. 1. Distribute the cards in a game. 2. Transact business; trade. 3. Act or behave. DEAL (del), n. Board or plank. [Dut. deel.] DEALER (del'er), n. One who deals, in any sense of the word. DEALING (del'ing), n. 1. Manner of acting towards others. 2. Intercourse of trade. 3. Transaction of any kind. DEALKALIZATION ( de-al-ka-H-za'shun), n. Chem. Removal of all alkaline elements from any substance. DEALT (delt), v. Past tense and past participle of DEAL. DEAN (den), n. 1. Officer in cathedral and col- legiate church who presides over the other clergy. 2. Head of a faculty in a college or university. 3. Secretary or registrar of a faculty or department. 4. Senior or eldest member of any constituted body, as dean of the diplomatic corps. [O. Fr. deien; from L.L. decanus, chief of ten; from L. decern, ten.] DEANERY (den'er-i), n. [pi. DEANERIES.] Office or jurisdiction of a dean. DEAR (der), I. a. 1. High in price; costly. 2. Highly valued. 3. Beloved; precious. II. n. One who is dear or beloved. [A. S. dedre.] DEAR (der), adv. 1. Dearly; with great affec- tion. 2. At a high price. DEARIE (der'i), n. Same as DEARY. DEARLY (der'li), adv. 1. With great fondness or affection. 2. At a high price; expensively. DEARNESS (der'nes), n. State or quality of be- ing dear. DEARTH (derth), n. 1. Scarcity; lack; want. 2. Famine; barrenness. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ka=ch in Scotch loch. > DEARY 331 DEBILITATE n. Signal of death. Never dying; ever- DEART (der'i), n. One who is dear or beloved; pet; favorite; darling. DEATH (deth), n. 1. State of being dead. 2. Extinction or cessation of life. 3. Manner of dying. 4. Mortality. 5. Deadly plague. 6. Cause of death. 7. Spiritual lifelessness. 8. The killing of the animal in hunting. [A. S. dedth.] SYN. Decease; demise; departure; exit; extinction; mortality. ANT. Life; anima- tion; vitality; birth. DEATH-ADDER (deth 'ad-er), n. Viperine snake, the Acanthophis tortor, found in Australia. DEATH-AGONY (deth'ag-o-ni), n. [pi. DEATH'- AGONIES.] Struggle often preceding death. DEATH-BED (deth'bed), n. 1. Bed on which one dies. 2. Last illness. DEATH-CUP (deth'kup), n. Bot. Yellow poison- ous toadstool. DEATH-DAMP (deth 'damp), n. Cold, clammy sweat preceding death. DEATH-DUTIES ( deth'du-tiz ), n.pl. Duties paid to government on the inheritance of property, real or personal, after the death of the former owner. DEATH-KNELL (deth'nel), DEATHLESS (deth'les), a. lasting. DEATHLY (deth'li), I. a. Deadly; fatal; mortal. II. adv. Like death. DEATH-MASK (deth'mask), n. Plaster cast taken from the face after death. DEATH-PENALTY ( deth'pen-al-ti ), ». Sen- tence to death. DEATH-RATE (deth'rat), n. Proportion of deaths to the population. DEATH-RATTLE (deth'rat-1), n. Rattling in the throat which sometimes accompanies the last uneasy breathings of a dying person. DEATH'S-HEAD (aeths'- hed), n. Skull of a hu- man skeleton, or a rep- resentation of it. — Death's head moth, a species of moth (Acher- ontia atropos), having pale markings on the back of the thorax somewhat like a skull. DEATH-TRAP (deth'- trap), n. Unsafe building, vessel, or place that shuts up its occupants to almost certain death. DEATH-WARRANT (deth'wor-ant), n. Order from the authorities for the execution of a criminal. DEATH-WATCH (deth'woch), n. 1. Last vigil or watch over a dying person. 2. Guard placed over a prisoner condemned to death. 3. Name for several insects that make a tick- ing noise, superstitiously regarded as presa- ging death. DEBACLE (de-bak'l), n. 1. Breaking up of ice Death's-head moth. on a river. 2. Geol. Sudden flood of water leaving its path strewed with debris. [Fr.] DEBAR (de-bar'), vt. [pr.p. DEBARRING; p.t. and p.p. DEBARRED (de-bard').] 1. Bar or shut out. 2. Prevent enjoyment of. [DE- and BAR.] DEBARK (de-bark'), v. [pr.p. DEBARKING; p.t. and p.p. DEBARKED (de-barkt').] I. vt. Land or put ashore. II. vi. Land from a ship or boat; disembark. [Fr. debarquerJ] DEBARKATION (de-bar-ka'shun), n. Act or process of debarking. DEBARMENT (de-bar'ment), n. Act of pre- cluding or excluding from participation. DEBASE (de-bas'), vt. [pr.p. DEBA'SING; p.t. and p.p. DEBASED (de-bast').] Lower or de- grade; make of less value. [DE- and BASE.] SYN. Reduce; abase; degrade; lower; humble; disgrace; dishonor; deprave; de- teriorate. ANT. Raise; enhance; exalt; honor; improve. DEBASEMENT ( de-bas 'ment), n. Degradation. DEBASER (de-ba'ser), n. One who or that which debases. DEBATABLE (de-ba'ta-bl), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, disputed. DEBATE (de-bat'), n. Contention in words or argument. [O. Fr. debatre; from L. de, down, and batuo, beat.] DEBATE (de-bat), v. [pr.p. DEBA'TING; p.t. and p.p. DEBA'TED.] I. vt. Contend for in argument. II. vi. 1. Join in debate. 2. De- liberate; consider. SYN. Discuss; argue; dispute; canvass; contest; contend; wrangle. ANT. Yield; concede; allow; admit. DEBATOR (de-ba'ttir), n. One who debates; arguer; disputant. DEBAUCH (de-bach'), v. [pr.p. DEBAUCH'- ING; p.t. and p.p. DEBAUCHED (de-bacht').] 1. vt. 1. Lead away from duty or allegiance. 2. Corrupt with lewdness; seduce. 3. Pervert. II. vi. Indulge in intemperance or revelry. [O. Fr. desbaucher, corrupt.] DEBAUCH (de-bach'), n. Act of debauchery. DEBAUCHEE (deb-6-she'), n. Libertine. [Fr. debauche, p.p. of debaucher, debauch.] DEBAUCHER (de-bach'er), n. One who de- bauches. DEBAUCHERY (de-bach'er-i), n . [pi. DE- BAUCHERIES.] Excessive indulgence of the appetites; intemperance; profligacy. DEBAUCHMENT ( de-bach'ment ), n. Act of debauching. DEBENTURE (de-ben'tur), n. 1. Written ac- knowledgment of a debt. 2. Deed of mort- gage given for borrowed money. 3. Certificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a repayment of the duty on their importation. [L. debentur, there are due.] DEBENTURED (de-ben'turd), a. Entitled to drawback or debenture. DEBILITATE (de-bil'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. DEBIL'- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, '* iX=u in'Scotcfc. gude; oil, owl, then, kh—ch in Scotch loch. DEBILITATION 33' DECARBONATE ) ITATING; p.t. and p.p. DEBIL'ITATED.] Make weak; impair the strength of. [L. de- b Hit at us, p.p. of debilito, weaken; from de- bilis, weak.] DEBILITATION (de-bil-i-ta'shun), «. Act or process of debilitating. DEBILITY (de-bil'i-ti), n. Weak action of the animal functions; weakness and languor; feebleness. SYN. Weakness; feebleness; faintness; frailty; lassitude; languor; infirmity; im- becility. ANT. Strength; vigor; energy; robustness; tone; nerve. DEBIT (deb'it), n. 1. Debt or something due. 2. Entry on the debtor side of an account. [L. debitum; from debeo, owe.] DEBIT (deb'it), vt. [pr.p. DEBITING; p.t. and p.p. DEBITED.] 1. Charge with a debt. 2. Enter on the debit side of an account. DEBIT-NOTE ( deb'it-not), n. Item of debit sent by purchaser to seller for goods returned. DEBIT-TICKET (deb'it-tik-et), n. Bank slip for money not drawn by check placed in a de- positor's account. DEBONAIR (deb-o-nar'), a. Of good appearance and manners; elegant; courteous; affable. [Fr. de, of, bon, good, and air, manner, ap- pearance.] DEBOUCH (de-bosh'), vi. [pr.p. DEBOUCHING; p.t. and p.p. DEBOUCHED (de-bosht').] March or issue from a narrow place into a more open ground. [Fr. deboucher; from de, from, and bouche, mouth.] DEBOUCHMENT (de-bosh'ment), n. Act of debouching. DEBOUCHURE (da-bo-shur'), n. Mouth of a jiver or strait. [Fr.] DEBRIS (da-bre'), n. sing, and pi. 1. Rubbish; ruins. 2. Geol. Mass of rocky fragments. [Fr.] DEBT (det), n. 1. What one owes to another. 2. What one becomes liable to do or suffer. 3. State of obligation or indebtedness. [L. debitum; from debeo, owe.] DEBTOR (det'ur), n. One who owes a debt. DEBUSCOPE (deb'u-skop), n. Double-mir- rored kaleidoscope. DEBUT (da-bti), n. 1. Beginning or first at- tempt. 2. First appearance in society or on the stage. [Fr.] DEBUTANT ( da-bii-tang' ), n. [fern. DEBU- TANTE (da-bii-tangt').] One who makes his first appearance before the public. [Fr.] DECACHORD (dek'a-kard), n. Ancient musical Instrument with ten strings. [Gr. delta, ten, and chords, string.] DECADE (dek'ad), DECAD (dek'ad), n. 1. Period of ten years. 2. Group of ten. [Gr. dekas; from deka, ten.] DECADENCE (de-ka'dens), DECADENCY (de- ka'den-si), n. State or process of decay or de- terioration. [L. de, down, and cado, fall.] DECADENT (de-ka'dent), a. Falling into decay. DECAGON (dek'a-gon), n. Geom. Figure having ten angles and ten sides. [Gr. deka, ten, and gonia, angle.] DECAGONAL (de-kag'o-nal), o. Of the nature of a decagon. DECAGRAM ( dek'a-gram), n. In the metric system, weight of ten grams, equal to 0.353 oz. [Fr. decagramme; from Gr. deka, ten, and Fr. gramme, weight.] DECAHEDRAL (dek-a-he'dral), a. Of or per- taining to a decahedron; having ten sides. DECAHEDRON (dek-a-he'dron), n. Solid figure having ten faces. [Gr. deka, ten, and liedra, seat.] DECALCOMANIA ( de-kal-ko- ma'ni-a), n. Process of trans- ferring pictures to marble, glass, wood, etc. [Fr.] DECALITER, DECALITRE (dek'- a-le-ter), n. In the metric system, a measure of capacity, containing ten liters, or nearly 2| gallons. [Fr.] DECALOGUE (dek'a-log), n. Moral law, or ten commandments. [ Gr. deka, ten, and logos, discourse.] DECALVANT (de-kal'vant), a. Same as DEPIL- ATORY. [DE-, and L. calvus, bald.] .DECAMETER, DECAMETRE (dek'a-me-ter), n. In the metric system, a measure of length of ten meters, or 32.8 feet. [Gr. deka, ten, and metron, measure.] DECAMP (de-kamp'), vi. [pr.p. DECAMPING; p.t. and p.p. DECAMPED ( de-kampt' ).] 1. March away from a camp. 2. Leave suddenly, especially with an implied idea of secrecy. [Fr. decamper.] DECA3IPMENT (de-kamp'ment), n. Act of de- camping. DECANAL (dek'a-nal), a. Pertaining to a dean or deanery. DECANDER (de-kan'der), n. Bot. Plant with ten stamens in a single flower. [Gr. deka, ten, and aner (andr-), man.] DECANT (de-kanf), vt. [pr.p. DECANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECANT'ED.] Pour off, leaving sediment; pour from one vessel into another. [Fr. decanter.] DECANTER (de-kant'er), n. Ornamental bottle for holding decanted liquor. DECAPITATE (de-kap'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. DE- CAPITATING; p.t. and p.p. DECAPITATED.] Behead. [L. de, from, and caput, capitis, head.] DECAPITATION (de-kap-i-ta'shun), n. Act of cutting off the head. DECAPOD (dek'a-pod), n. One of the shell-fish which have ten feet or claws, as the crab. [Gr. deka, ten, and pous, podos, foot.] DECAPODAL (dek-ap'o-dal), DECAPODOUS (dek-ap'o-dus), a. Having ten feet. DECARBONATE (dg-kar'bun-at), vt. [pr.p. DECARBONATING; p.t. and p.p. DECAR- BONATED.] Deprive of carbon. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, z/ten, kb=cA in Scotch loch. DECARBONIZE 333 DECIDED DECARBONIZE ( de-kar'bun-Iz ), DECARBU- RIZE (dg-kar'bu-riz), vt. Same as DECAR- BONATE. DECARE (dek'ar), n. Metric system. Ten ares or a thousand square meters, land measure. DECASTERE (dek'a-ster), n. In the metric system, ten steres; ten cubic meters. [Gr. deka, ten, and STERE.] DECAY (de-ka'), v. [pr.p. DECAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECAYED (de-kad').] I. vt. Cause to waste away. II. vi. Fall away from a state of health or excellence; waste away; rot. [O. Fr. decalr; from L. de, from, and cado, fall.] SYN. Decline; fail; wither; wane; dwindle; degenerate; deteriorate; decrease; perish; rot; putrefy; spoil. ANT. Rise; grow; Increase; thrive. DECAY (de-ka/), n. Act or state of declining gradually from a state of soundness or per- fection to one less sound or perfect. SYN. Deterioration; degeneracy; de- cadence; putrefaction; rottenness; ruin; collapse. ANT. Preservation; conservation; recovery; regeneration. DECEASE (de-sSs'), n. Departure from this life; death. [O. Fr. deces; from L. decessus; from de, away, and cedo, go.] SYN. See DEATH. DECEASE (de-ses'), vi. [pr.p. DECEAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECEASED (de-sest').] Die. DECEASED (de-sest'), I. a. Dead. II. n. Per- son who has died. DECEDENT (de-se'dent), n. Person who is dead. DECEIT (de-sef), n. 1. Act of deceiving. 2. Any- thing Intended to mislead another; artifice; trick; deception; fraud. [O. Fr. deceitie; from L. deeipio; from de, away, and capio, take.] SYN. See DECEPTION. DECEITFUL (de-set'fol), a. Disposed or tending to deceive. SYN. Fraudulent; guileful; treacherous; knavish; crafty; designing; deceptive; fal- lacious. ANT. Fair; open; sincere. DECEITFULLY (de-set'fol-i), adv. In a deceit- ful manner. DECEITFULNESS (de-set'fol-nes), n. Quality or state of being deceitful. DECEIVABLE (de-sev'a-bl), a. Capable of being deceived. DECEIVE (de-sSv'), vt. [pr.p. DECEIVING; p.t. and p.p. DECEIVED (de-sevd).] 1. Mislead or cause to err. 2. Cheat. 3. Disappoint. [O. Fr. deceveir; from L. deeipio; from de, away, and capio, take.] SYN. Delude; beguile; ensnare; mislead; cheat; trick; gull; dupe; overreach. ANT. Enlighten; advise; illumine; disabuse; un- deceive; deliver. DECEIVER (de-sev'Sr), n. One who deceives. SYN. Impostor; charlatan; pretender; cheat. DECEMBER (de-sem'ber), n. Last month of the year; among the Romans the tenth month, with us the twelfth. [L. decent, ten.] DECEMVIR (de-sem'ver), n. [pi. DECEMVIRS or L. DECEMVIRI (de-sem'vi-rl).] One of ten magistrates who at one time had absolute power in ancient Rome. [L. decern, ten, and vir, man.] DECEMVIRAL (de-sem'vi-ral), a. Of or per- taining to the decemvirs. DECEMVIRATE (de-sem'vi-rat), n. 1. Body of ten men in office. 2. Term of office of de- cemvirs. DECENCY (de'sen-si), n. Becomingness; mod- esty; propriety. [See DECENT.] DECENNARY (de-sen'a-ri), n. [pi. DECEN'- NARIES.] Period of ten years; decade. [L. decern, ten, and annus, year.] DECENNIAL (de-sen'i-al), o. 1. Lasting or con- tinuing for a period of ten years. 2. Occurring every ten years. [L. decern, ten, and annus, year.] DECENT (de'sent), a. 1. Becoming; seemly; decorous. 2. Free from obscenity, immodesty, or ribaldry. 3. Moderate; tolerable. 4. Grace- ful; comely; shapely. [L. decens, pr.p. of decet, it is becoming.] DECENTLY (de'sent-li), adv. In a decent man- ner. DECENTRALIZATION (de-sen-tral-i-za'shun), n. Act or process of decentralizing. DECENTRALIZE (de-sen'tral-iz), vt. [pr.p. DECENTRALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DECEN- TRALIZED (de-sen'tral-izd).] 1. Withdraw from the center. 2. Transfer functions from the central government to local centers of. [DE- and CENTRALIZE.] DECEPTION (de-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of de- ceiving. 2. Means by which it is sought to de- ceive. [L. L. deceptio; from L. deceptus, p.p. of deeipio, deceive.] SYN. Deceit; fraud; snare; artifice; cheat; guile; imposture; imposition; fal- lacy. ANT. Enlightenment; openness; reality; verity. DECEPTIVE (de-sep'tiv), a. Tending to deceive; misleading. DECEPTIVELY (de-sep'tiv-li), adv. In a de- ceptive manner. DECEPTIVENESS (de-sep'tiv-nes), n. Quality of being deceptive. DECIARE (des-i-ar'), n. In the metric system, one tenth of an are, or ten square meters. [Fr.] DECIDABLE ( de-si da-bl), a. Capable of being decided. DECIDE (de-sid), v. [pr.p. DECI'DING; p.t. and p.p. DECI'DED.] I. vt. 1. Determine; settle; adjudge. 2. Arbitrate; resolve. II. vi. 1. Give a decision. 2. Come to a decision. [L. decido; from de, away, and cmdo, cut.] DECIDED (de-si'ded), a. 1. Determined. 2. Clear; unmistakable. 3. Resolute. SYN. Firm; unshaken; fixed; resolute; Rite, Cat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her: mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, " §=1* in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loefy, DECIDEDLY 334 DECLARE > determined; unwavering; positive; distinct; express; definite; categorical; certain; un- disputed; undeniable. ANT. Undecided; unsettled; irresolute; vacillating. DECIDEDLY (de-si'ded-li), adv. In a decided manner. DECIDER (de-si'der), n. One who or that which decides. DECIDUOUS (de-sid'u-us), a. 1. Biol. Falling off after a time or season, as certain kinds of hair, horns, and teeth of some animals, and leaves of most trees. 2. Bot. Shedding leaves annually. DECIGRAM (des'i-gram), n. In the metric system, weight of one tenth of a gram, 1.5433 grains Troy. [Fr. decigramme.] DECILITER (des'i-le-ter), n. In the metric sys- tem, a measure of capacity equal to one-tenth of a liter, or 3.38 fluid ounces. [Fr. decilitre.] DECILLION (de-sil'yun), n. 1. In the French and American notation, a thousand raised to the eleventh power, or 1 followed by thirty- three ciphers. 2. In the English notation, a million raised to the tenth power, or 1 fol- lowed by sixty ciphers. [L. decern, ten, and MDLLION.] DECILLIONTH (de-sil'yunth), I. a. Of or per- taining to a decillion. II. n. One of a decillion equal parts. DECIMAL (des'i-mal), I. a. Numbered or pro- ceeding by tens. II. n. Fraction having ten or some power of ten for its denominator. — Decimal system, system whose units are tens and powers of tens, especially in the French metric system of weights and measures. [Fr. decimal; from L. L. decimalis; from L. dec- imus, tenth.] DECIMALLY (des'i-mal-i), adv. By means of decimals. DECIMATE (des'i-mat), vt. [pr.p. DECIMA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DECIMATED.] 1. Take the tenth part of. 2. Kill every tenth man of. 3. Detroy a considerable portion of. [L. deci- tnatus, p.p. of decimo; from decimus, tenth; from decern, ten.l DECIMATION (des-i-ma'shun), n. Act of dec- imating or state of being decimated. DECIMATOR (des'i-ma-tur), n. One who deci- mates. DECIME (de-sem'), n. French coin of the value of one-tenth of a franc. DECIMETER (des'i-me-ter), n. In the metric system, a measure of length equal to one- tenth of a meter. [Fr. decimetre.] DECIPHER (de-si'fer), vt. [pr.p. DECIPHER- ING; p.t. and p.p. DECIPHERED (de-si'ferd).] 1. Make out or read, as secret characters or writing. 2. Read or explain, as bad or indis- tinct writing. [DE- and CIPHER.] DECIPHERABLE (de-si'fer-a-bl), a. Capable of being deciphered. DECIPHERER (de-si'fer-er), n. One who de- ciphers. DECISION (de-sizh'un), n. 1. Act of deciding. 2. Settlement, judgment, or determination of an event. 3. Quality of being decided; resolution; firmness. 4. Law. Judgment given in a court of justice; judicial precedent. [L- decisio; from decido, decide.] SYN. Judgment; settlement; determina- tion; conclusion; adjudication; resolution; firmness. ANT. Indecision; hesitancy; doubt; hesitation; vacillation. DECISIVE (de-si'siv), a. 1. Having the power of deciding. 2. Showing decision. 3. Final; positive. DECISIVELY (de-si'siv-li), adv. In a decisive manner. DECISIVENESS (de-si'siv-nes), n. Quality of being decisive. DECISTERE (des-i-star'), n. In the metric system, a cubic measure equal to the tenth of a stere, or 3.532 cubic feet. [Fr.] DECK (dek), vt. [pr.p. DECK'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECKED (dekt).] 1. Cover; clothe; adorn. 2. Furnish with a deck, as a vessel. [Dut. dekken, cover.] DECK (dek), n. I. Covering or shelter. 2. Naut. Horizontal platform extending from one side of a vessel to the other, thereby join- ing them together, and forming both a floor and a covering. 3. Pack of playing cards. [Dut. dek.] DECKER (dek'er), n. Naut. Vessel that has a deck or decks; used only in composition, as a double-tJecfcer, a ship with two decks. DECK-HAND (dek'hand), n. Sailor without any rating as officer on shipboard. DECKLE (dek'l), n. Gage on a paper-making machine. — Deckle edge, raw or ragged edge of hand-made paper. — Deckle-edged, having a rough uncut edge. [Ger.] DECLAIM (de-klam ), v. [pr.p. DECLAIMING; p.t. and p.p. DECLAIMED (de-kiamd').] I. vt. Recite. II. vi. 1. Make a set or rhetorical speech; harangue. 2. Recite in public. [L. declamo, cry out.] DECLAIMER (de-klam'er), n. One who de- claims. DECLAMATION (dek-la-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of declaiming. 2. Set speech in public. 3. Dis- play in speaking. 4. Music. Proper rhetorical rendering of words set to music. DECLAMATORY (de-klam'a-to-ri), a. 1. Of the nature of declamation. 2. Appealing to the passions. 3. Noisy and rhetorical merely. DECLARATION (dek-la-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of declaring. 2. That which is declared. 3. Written affirmation. 4. Law. Pleading in which the plaintiff in an action at law sets forth his case against the defendant. DECLARATORY (de-klar'a-to-ri), DECLARA- TIVE (de-klar'a-tiv), a. 1. Making declara- tion; assertive. 2. Explanatory. DECLARE (de-klar'), v. [pr.p. DECLARING; p.t. and p.p. DECLARED (de-klard').] I. vt. fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. DECLARED 335 DECOMPOUND 1. Make known. 2. Assert; affirm; avow. 3. Make a full statement of, as of goods at a custom house. II. vi. Make a declaration or avowal. — Declare one's self, throw off reserve or disguise, and state openly one's opinion, or the side one will take. [L. declaro; from dc, wholly, and clarus, clear.] DECLARED (de-klard'), a. Avowed; pro- fessed. DECLAREDLY (de-klar'ed-li), adv. Openly; avowedly; explicitly. DECLASS (de-klas'), vt. [pr.p. DECLASS'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECLASSED (de-klast).] With- draw from a class or classification. DECLENSION (de-klen 'shun), n. 1. Falling off; deterioration; impairment; decay. 2. Act of declining. 3. Slope or incline. 4. Gram. (1) Inflection of nouns, adjectives and pro- nouns, or change of endings, to indicate gender, person, number, and case. (2) Act of declining a noun, etc., or giving the different forms it assumes. (3) Class of nouns de- clined after the same pattern. [L. declinatio, turning or leaning away.] DECLINABLE (de-kli'na-bl), a. Capable of be- ing declined or inflected. DECLINAL (de-kli'nal), DECLINATE (de-kli- nat), a. Bending downward. DECLINATION (dek-li-na'shun), n. 1. Act of declining. 2. Inclination; descent; slope. 3. Deterioration; decay. 4. Deviation. 5. Non-acceptance; refusal. 6. Astron. Distance from the celestial equator. [L. declinatio; from declino, decline.] DECLINATOR (dek'li-na-tur), n. Instrument used in determining declination. DECLINATORY (de-kli'na-to-ri), o. Contain- ing a declination or refusal. DECLINATURE (de-kll'na-tur), n. Act of de- clining or refusing. DECLINE (de-klln'), v. [pr.p. DECLI'NING; p.t. and p.p. DECLINED (de-klind').] I. vt. 1. Bend down. 2. Turn away from. 3. Refuse; reject. 4. Gram. Inflict, or give the case forms of. II. vi. 1. Bend, hang, tend, or slope down- ward. 2. Deviate. 3. Fail or decay. 4. Stoop or condescend. 5. Refuse. 6. Approach the close or end. [L. declino; from de, away from, down, and clino, bend, lean.] DECLINE (de-klin'), n. Diminution; deteriora- tion; decay; gradual impairment of the bodily or mental faculties. SYN. Abatement; deficiency; failing; diminution; deterioration; decay; con- sumption; phthisis. ANT. Increase; rise; growth. DECLINER (de-kli'ner), n. One who declines. DECLINOGRAPH (de-kll'nS-graf), n. Auto- matic recorder on instrument used for measur- ing declinations. DECLINOMETER (dek-li-nom'e-ter), n. Astron. Instrument used to measure declination of tho heavenly bodies. DECLIVITOUS (de-kliv'i-tus), DECLIVOUS (dek'li-vus), a. Gradually slopingor descending. DECLIVITY (de-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. DECLIVITIES.] 1. Place that declines or slopes downward; opposed to ACCLIVITY. 2. Inclination down- ward; gradual descent. [L. declivitas; from dc, downward, and clivus, sloping.] DECLUTCH (de-kluch'), vt. [pr.p. DECLUTCH- ING; p.t. and p.p. DECLUTCHED (de- klucht')-] Release grip or clutch of, as in automobiling. DECOCT (de-kokf), vt. [pr.p. DECOCT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECOCTED.] 1. Prepare by boiling. 2. Extract the substance of by boil- ing. [L. decoctus, p.p. of decoquo, boil down; from de, down, and coquo, cook.] DECOCTION (de-kok'shun), n. 1. Extract of anything obtained by boiling. 2. Act or process of decocting. DECOHERE (de-ko-her'), v. [pr.p. DECOHER'- ING ; p.t. and p.p. DECOHERED (de-ko-herd ') . ] 1. vt. Restore to normal condition; said of a coherer. II. vi. Return a coherer to normal condition. DECOHERER (de-ko-her'er), n. Wireless Tel. Apparatus to normalize a coherer. DECOLLATE (de-kol'at), vt. [pr.p. DECOL'- LATING; p.t. and p.p. DECOLLATED.] Be- head; decapitate. [L. decollatus, p.p. of de- collo, behead; from de, away, and collum, neck.] DECOLLATED (de-kol'a-ted), a. 1. Beheaded. 2. Rounded off, as the apex of a spiral shell. DECOLLATION (dek-ol-la'shun), n. Act of be- Jieading; decapitation. DECOLLETlS (da-kol-e-ta/), a. Cut low in the neck, as in a low-necked dress. [Fr. decolleter, bare the neck and shoulders.] DlSCOLLETiSE (da-kol-e-ta'), a. {fern.) Having the neck and shoulders bare. DECOLOR (de-kul'ur), vt. [pr.p. DECOL'ORING; p.t. and p.p. DECOLORED (de-kul'fird).] De- prive of color. [DE- and COLOR.] DECOLORIZER (de-kul'ur-I-zer), n. Chem. Bleaching agent used to remove color. DECOMPOSABLE (de-kom-po'za-bl), a. Capa- ble of being decomposed. DECOMPOSE (de-kom-poz'), v. [pr.p. DECOM- POSING; p.t. and p.p. DECOMPOSED (de- kom-pozd').] I. vt. 1. Separate into the parts composing. 2. Resolve into original elements. II. vi. Decay; rot; putrefy. [DE- and COM- POSE.] DECOMPOSITE (de-kom-poz'it), a. Decom- pound. DECOMPOSITION (de-kom-po-zish'un), n. 1. Act of decomposing. 2. Decay or dissolution. DECOMPOUND (de-kom-pownd'), a. 1. Com- pounded a second time. 2. BoU Twice or thrice pinnate, said of leaves. [DE- and COMPOUND.] DECOMPOUND (de-kom-pownd'), vt. [pr.p. DECOMPOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. DECOM- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, fcffii u=u in" bcotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh~ch in Scotch loch. DECOMPRESSION 336 DECRY > POUND'ED.] 1. Compound again. 2. Divide into constituent parts. DECOMPRESSION (de-kom-presh'un), n. Mech. Withdrawal of compressed air in caissons and other submerged appliances; more especially as to naval submarine boats. DECORATE (dek'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. DECORA- TING; p.*. and p.p. DECORATED.] 1. Orna- ment or beautify. 2. Honor with a badge or medal. [L. decoratus, p.p. of decoro, adorn.] SYN. See ADORN. DECORATION (dek-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of decorating. 2. Ornament, or anything used for decorating. 3. Badge of an order, or one conferred as a mark of honor. — Decoration day, May 30th, when the memory of the soldiers who fell in the American Civil War of 1861-65 is honored by the decoration of their graves with flowers; now more properly termed Memorial day. DECORATIVE (dek'o-ra-tiv), a. Pertaining to, used, or fit for, embellishment; ornamental. DECORATOR (dek'o-ra-tur), n. One who dec- orates. DECOROUS (de-ko'rus), c. Becoming; suit- able; proper; decent. [L. decorus, becoming.] DECOROUSLY (de-ko'rus-li), adv. In a deco- rous manner. DECOROUSNESS (de-ko'rus-nes), n. Decent or becoming behavior; decorum. DECORTICATE (de-kar'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. DE- COR'TICATING; p.t. and p.p. DECOR'TT- CATED.] Deprive of the bark, husk, or peel. [L. decorticatus, p.p. of decortico, strip the bark from.] DECORTICATION (de-kar-tl-ka'shun), n. Act or process of stripping the bark, peel or husk off. DECORTICATOR (de-kar'ti-ka-tiir), n. Process or machine for removing the hull from grain. DECORUM (de-ko'rum), n. That which is be- coming in outward appearance; propriety of conduct. [L., from decorus, becoming.] DECOY (de-koi'), vt. [pr.p. DECOY'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECOYED (de-koid').] Lure or en- tice, as into a trap or snare. [L. de, down, and O. Fr. coi t quiet.] SYN. Lure; entice; deceive; entrap; allure; inveigle; tempt; seduce. ANT. Guide; instruct; warn; conduct; disabuse; extricate. DECOY (de-koi'), I. n. 1. Anything intended to lure Into a trap or snare; lure. 2. Apparatus of hoops and net work for trapping wild-ducks. II. a. Serving as a decoy or lure, as a decoy duck, a wild-duck tamed to entice others into a trap. DECOY-DUCK (de-koi'duk), n. Artificial float- ing duck or tamed wild duck used by sports- men In duck-shooting. DECREASE (de-kres'), v. [pr.p. DECREASING; p.t. and p.p. DECREASED (de-krest').] I. vt. 1. Make less. 2. Lessen gradually. II. vi. 1. Become less. 2. Be diminished by degrees in size or power. [L. decresco; from de, from, and cresco, grow.] SYN. Lessen; diminish; reduce; curtail; abate; wane; decline; lower; subside. ANT. Increase; grow; amplify; expand; augment; extend; enlarge. DECREASE (de-kres'), «. 1. Act, process or state of becoming less; diminution; wane. 2. Amount, quantity, or extent by which any- thing becomes less. DECREASINGLY (de-kres'ing-li), adv. In a decreasing or diminishing manner. DECREE (de-kre'), n. 1. Formal order by one in authority. 2. Edict or law. 3. Judicial de- cision. 4. Predetermined purpose. [L. de- cretum; from decerno, decide.] SYN. Decision; determination; mandate; edict; manifesto; rule; verdict; ordinance; canon; law; ukase. ANT. Cue; hint; sug- gestion; intimation; request. DECREE (de-kre'), v. [pr.p. DECREE'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECREED (de-kred').] I. vt. Ap- point, decide, or determine by a decree. II. vi. Make a decree. DECREMENT ( dek're-ment ), n. 1. Act or state of decreasing. 2. Quantity lost by de- crease. [L. decremcntum.] DECREPIT (de-krep'it), a. Broken down, worn out, or enfeebled, as by the infirmities of old age. [L. decrepitus, noiseless.] DECREPITATE (de-krep'i-tat), v. [pr.p. DE- CREPITATING; p.t. and p.p. DECREPI- TATED.] I. vt. Roast so as to cause a con- tinual crackling; calcine. II. vi. Crackle, as salt when heated. [DE- and CREPITATE.] DECREPITATION (de-krep-1-ta'shun), n. Act of decrepitating; crackling noise. DECREPITUDE (de-krep'i-tud), n. State of being decrepit. DECRESCENT (de-kres'ent), a. Becoming gradually less; decreasing; waning. [L.] DECRETAL (de-kre'tal), I. a. Pertaining to a decree. II. n. 1. Decree, especially of the pope. 2. Book containing decrees. 3. [pi.] Second part of the canon law, the decrees of various popes determining points of ecclesias- tical law. [L. decretalis, containing a decree; from decretum, decree.] DECRETIVE (de-kre'tiv), a. Pertaining to or having the force of a decree. DECRETORY (dek're-to-ri), a. 1. Judicial; deciding; definitive. 2. Critical; determining. DECRIAL (de-kri'al), n. Clamorous outcry against; hasty or noisy censure or condemna- tion. DECRIER (de-krl'er), n. One who decries, or cries down anything. DECRY (de-kri'), vt. [pr.p. DECRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECRIED (de-krid').] Cry down; condemn; censure as worthless. [Fr. de- crier; from de-, down, and crier , cry.] SYN. Depreciate; traduce; disparage; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kU=cfr in Scotch loch. ' DECUMBENCE 337 DEEPNESS denounce; defame; vilify. ANT. Extol; laud; praise; eulogize; panegyrize. DECUMBENCE (de-kum'bens), DECUMBENCY (de-kum'ben-si), n. Act or posture of lying down. DECUMBENT (de-kum'bent), a. Lying down; prostrate. [L. decutnbens; from de, down, and cubo, lie.] DECUMBITURE (de-kum'bi-tur), n. Time a patient takes to or keeps his bed. DECUPLE (dek'u-pl), I. a. Tenfold. II. n. Number ten times repeated. [L. decuplus; from decern, ten, and plico, fold.] DECURION (de-ku'ri-on), n. 1. Roman officer having command of ten soldiers. 2. Any over- seer or commander of ten. [L. decurio; from decern, ten.] DECURRENT (de-kur'ent), a. Running or ex- tending downward. [L. decurrens; from de, down, and curro, run.] DECURSION (de-kur'zhun), n. 1. Act or state of running or flowing down. 2. Military maneuver or parade. [L. decursio; from decurro, run down.] DECUSSATE (de-kus'at), vi. [pr.p. DECUS'SA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DECUS'SATED.] 1. Cross in the form of an X. 2. Intersect; interlace. [L. decussatus, p.p. of decusso, mark with a cross ; from decussis, a copper coin of the value of ten asses (decern asses), marked with an X, symbol of ten.] DECUSSATE (de-kus'at), a. 1. Crossed; inter- sected. 2. Bot, Arranged in pairs which cross each other, as some leaves. DECUSSATELY (de-kus'at-li), adv. In a de- cussate or intersecting manner. DECUSSATION (dek-us-sa'shun), n. 1. Act or point of crossing. 2. Figure like an X. DEDICATE (ded'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. DEDICA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEDICATED.] 1. Set apart and consecrate to some sacred purpose. 2. Devote wholly or chiefly. 3. Inscribe, as to a friend or patron. [L. dedicatus, p.p. of dedico, devote.] SYN. Devote; consecrate; inscribe. ANT. Alienate; misapply; desecrate. DEDICATE (ded'i-kat), a. Dedicated; devoted. DEDICATION (ded'i-ka'shun ), n. 1. Act of dedicating. 2. Inscription to a patron, friend, or person esteemed, prefixed to a book, etc. DEDICATOR (ded'i-ka-tur), n. One who dedi- cates. DEDICATORY (ded'i-ka-to-ri), a. Of, pertain- ing to, or of the nature of, a dedication. DEDIMUS (ded'i-mus), n. Law. Writ empower- ing any person to do some act for or in place of a judge — from its first word. [L. dedimus, we have given; from do, give.] DEDOLATION (ded-o-la'shun), n. Med. Skin removal by slicing obliquely. DEDUCE (de-das'), vt. [pr.p. DEDUCING; p.t. and p.p. DEDUCED (de-dftst').] 1. Draw or derive as a conclusion; gather by reasoning; infer; conclude. 2. Trace the origin of; derive. [L. deduco; from, de, form and duco, lead.] DEDUCIBLE (de-du'si-bl), a. Capable of being deduced. DEDUCIVE (de-du'siv), a. Performing deduc- tion; deducing; inferential. DEDUCT (de-dukf), vt. [pr.p. DEDUCTING; p.t. and p.p. DEDUCT'ED.] Take away; sub- tract. [L. deductus, p.p. of deduco.] DEDUCTION (de-duk'shun), n. 1. Act of de- ducing, or drawing of a particular truth from a general one; specialization. Opposed to INDUCTION. 2. That which is deduced; con- clusion. 3. Act of deducting. 4. That which is deducted; abatement; subtraction. DEDUCTIVE (de-duk'tiv), a. Pertaining to, containing, or based on, deduction; deducible. DEDUCTIVELY (de-duk'tiv-li), adv. By way of necessary inference. DEDUPLICATION (de-du-pli-ka'shun), n. Biol. Division of an organ into a pair or cluster. [DE- and DUPLICATION.] DEED (ded), n. 1. Action or thing done or effected. 2. Exploit; achievement. 3. Fact; reality. 4. Law. Instrument in writing or in print, or partly in each, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee. [A. S. deed; from don, do.] DEED (d5d), vt. [pr.p. DEED'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEED'ED.] Transfer or convey by deed. DEEM (dem), v. [pr.p. DEEM'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEEMED (demd).] I. vt. Consider; think; regard; suppose; believe; esteem; judge. II. vi. Be of opinion; suppose. [A.S. deman, form a judgment; from dom, doom.] DEEMSTER (dem'ster), n. Either of the two highest judicial officers on the Isle of Man. [Variant of DOOMSTER.] DEEP (dep), I. a. 1. Extending far down or far from the outside. 2. Difficult to under- stand; abstruse. 3. Wise and penetrating; sagacious. 4. Intense; heart-felt. 5. Artful in scheming; insidious. 6. Dark-colored. 7. Low in tone; grave. 8. Encumbered with mud, sand, or ruts, as a road. II. n. 1. Any- thing particularly deep, especially the sea. 2. Anything profound or incomprehensible. III. adv. In a deep manner; deeply. [A. S. dedp.] SYN. Burled; profound; submerged; bottomless; sunk; underground; un- fathomable; penetrating. ANT. Shallow; shoaly; superficial; skin-deep; vacant; wanting. DEEPEN (dep'n), v. [pr.p. DEEP'ENING; p.t. and p.p. DEEPENED (dep'nd).] I. vt. Make deeper. II. vi. Become deeper. DEEPLY (dep'li), adv. 1. To or at a great depth. 2. Profoundly; thoroughly; feelingly. 3. With great skill; artfully. 4. Intensely; very (of colors). 5. With deep or low tone; gravely. DEEPNESS (dSp'nes), n. Quality of being deep, generally in a figurative sense. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, " u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft m Scotch loch. DEER DEFEND > DEER(der),n. [pi. DEER.] several genera and many species, all of the family Cervidce, distinguished by their solid, decidious horns or antlers, which, with the single excep- tion of the reindeer, are borne by the males only. [A. S. dedr, wild animal.] DEERHOUND (der'hownd), n. Dog used in hunting deer; staghound. DEER-LICK (der'lik),n. Saline bog or other place where deer resort to lick the earth DEERMOUSE(der'mows), n. [pi. DEER'MICE.] Common name for sev- eral species of American mice (genus Calomys) with short fore legs and very long hind legs and tail. DEER-STALKING (der'stak-ing) Zool. Ruminant of Deer. for salt. Deermouse (Zapus hudsonius) . n. The hunt- ing of deer by stealing upon them unawares. DEFACE (de-fas'), vt. [pr.p. DEFA'CING; p.t. and p.p. DEFACED (de-fast').] Mar or destroy the face or external appearance of; spoil the looks of; obliterate; efface. [O. Fr. desfacier; from L. dis, away, and fades, face.] DEFACEMENT (de-fas'ment), n. 1. Act of de- facing. 2. Injury to form or appearance. 3. That which defaces. DEFACER (de-fa'ser), n. One who or that which defaces. DEFALCATE (de-fal'kat), v. [pr.p. DEFALCA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEFAL'CATED.] I. vt. Cut off a part of; reduce; curtail. II. vi. Embezzle money held in trust. [From L. L. defalcatus, p.p. of defalco, cut off.] DEFALCATION (def-al-ka'shun), n. 1. Mis- appropriation of funds entrusted to one; em- bezzlement. 2. Amount in which default is made; deficit. 3. A diminution or abatement. DEFALCATOR (def'al-ka-tur), n. Defaulter. DEFAMATION ( def-a-ma'shun ), n. Act of de- faming; calumny; slander. DEFAMATORY (de-fam'a-to-ri), a. Calumni- ous; slanderous. DEFAME (de-fam'), v. [pr.p. DEFA'MING; p.t. and p.p. DEFAMED (de-famd').] I. vt. Take away or destroy the good fame or reputation of. 2. Speak evil of. II. vi. Give vent to defamatory words; ascribe defamatory acts; be guilty of defamation. [O. Fr. defamer; from L. diffamo; from dis, away, and fama, report.] SYN. Slander; calumniate; asperse; tra- duce; libel; dishonor. See DECRY. DEFAMER (de-fa'mer), n. One who defames. DEFAULT (de-falf), n. 1. Omission or failure to do any act. 2. A defalcation in accounts. 3. Deficiency; lack. 4. Law. Failure to ap- pear in court on the day assigned. [O. Fr. defattte; de (from L. dis), apart, and faute, fault.] DEFAULT (de-falf), v. [pr.p. DEFAULTING; p.t. and p.p. DEFAULTED.] I. vt. 1. Fail in the performance of ; neglect. 2. Law. Declare in default. II. vi. 1. Fail through neglect of duty. 2. Law. Make default in appearing in court, or in putting In an answer or plea in the time limited. DEFAULTER (de-falf er), n. 1. One who fails to account for money entrusted to his care, or to settle a debt of honor. 2. Law. One who fails to appear in court, or neglects to put in a plea, within the time required. DEFEASANCE (de-fez'ans), n. Act of annulling or abrogating; undoing; defeat. [O. Fr. defaisance; from defaire, undo.] DEFEASIBLE ( de-fez'i-bl ), a. Capable of being annulled or abrogated. DEFEAT (de-fef), vt. [pr.p. DEFEATING; p.t. and p.p. DEFEAT'ED.] I. Overthrow; van- quish. 2. Frustrate; thwart; baffle; foil. 3. Render null and void. [O. Fr. defait, p.p. of defaire, undo.] SYN. Conquer; vanquish; overthrow; overpower; overcome; rout; subdue; beat; repulse; foil; disconcert; discomfit; baffle; disappoint; frustrate. ANT. Aid; secure; promote; insure; speed; advance; establish. DEFEAT (de-fef), n. 1. Overthrow, as of an army in battle. 2. State of being overthrown or vanquished. 3. A frustration; a rendering null and void. DEFECATE (def'e-kat), v. [pr.p. DEF'ECA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEFECATED.] I. vt. Clear from dregs or impurities; purify. II. vi. 1. Become free from dregs or impurities. 2. Void excrement. [L. defcecatus, p.p. of defceco, purify from dregs.] DEFECATE (def'e-kat), DEFECATED (def'e- ka-ted), a. Clarified; purified; refined. DEFECATION (def-e-ka'shun), n. 1. Act or process of purifying. 2. Evacuation of the bowels. DEFECT (de-fekf ), n. 1. Absence of something necessary; deficiency. 2. Imperfection; blem- ish; fault. [L. defectus; from deficio, be want- ing, fail.] DEFECTION (de-fek'shun), n. Abandonment of allegiance or duty; revolt. DEFECTIVE (de-fekfiv), a. 1. Wanting In some necessary quality; imperfect; faulty. 2. Gram. Wanting one or more of the usual forms of declension or conjugation, as a de- fective noun or verb. DEFECTIVELY (de-fekf iv-li), adv. In a de- fective manner. DEFECTIVENESS (de-fekf iv-nes), n. Quality or state of being defective. DEFENCE (de-fens'), n. Same as DEFENSE. DEFEND (de-fend'), v. [pr.p. DEFEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Keep off fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. mute, hut, bun^ DEPENDABLE 339 DEFINITION anything hurtful from; maintain against attack; guard or protect. 2. low. Appear In court and make a defense of; resist, as a claim; contest. II. vi. Make defense. [L. defendo, ward off.] DEFEND ABLE (de-fend'a-bl), a. Capable of being defended. DEFENDANT (de-fend'ant), I. o. Defending; contesting. II. n. 1. Defender. 2. Law. Person accused or sued. DEFENDER (de-fend'er), n. One who defends, supports, maintains, or upholds; protector; champion. DEFENSE, DEFENCE (de-fens'), n. 1. Act of defending. 2. That which defends; protection. 3. Vindication; excuse; justification. 4. Law. Defendant's plea. 5. Party defending. [L. defensus, p.p. of defendo, defend.] DEFENSELESS (de-fens'les), a. Without means of defense; unprotected. DEFENSELESSNESS (de-fens'les-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being defenseless. DEFENSIBILITY (de-fen-si-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- ity or state of being defensible. DEFENSIBLE (de-fen'si-bl), a. Capable of being defended. DEFENSIVE (de-fen'siv), a. 1. Serving to de- fend. 2. In a state or posture of defense. 3. Carried on in self-defense; not offensive. — Be on the defensive, be in the position to defend one's self. DEFENSIVELY (de-fen'siv-li), adv. In a de- fensive manner. DEFENSORY (de-fen'so-ri), a. Defensive. [L. defensorius.] DEFER (de-fer'), v. [pr.p. DEFER'RING; p.t. and p.p. DEFERRED (de-ferd').] I. vt. Sub- mit to or lay before. II. vi. Yield to the wishes or opinions of another, or to authority. [L. defero; from de, down, and fero, bear.] DEFER (de-fer'), v. [pr.p. DEFER'RING; p.t. and p.p. DEFERRED (de-ferd').] I. vt. Put off to another time; delay; postpone. II. vl. Procrastinate; wait. [L. differo, bear asunder.] DEFERENCE (def'er-ens), n. A deferring or yielding in judgment or opinion; regard; re- spect. SYN. Respect; regard; honor; reverence; veneration; homage; obeisance; com- plaisance; condescension. ANT. Disrespect; contumely; contumacy; impudence. DEFERENTIAL (def-er-en'shal), a. Showing deference or respect. DEFERENTIALLY (def-er-en'shal-i), adv. In a deferential manner. DEFERMENT (de-fer'ment), n. A putting off; delay; adjournment; postponement. DEFERRER (de-fer'er), n. Procrastinator; de- layer. DEFIANCE (de-fi'ans), n. 1. Act of defying. 2. Challenge to combat. 3. Aggressiveness. 4. Contempt of opposition. DEFIANT (de-fi'ant), a. Characterized by de- fiance; showing or bidding defiance; insolently bold. DEFIANTLY (de-fi'ant-li), adv. In a defiant manner. DEFICIENCE (de-fish'ens), n. Deficiency. DEFICIENCY (de-flsh'en-si), n. [pi. DEFI- CIENCIES (de-fish'en-siz).] 1. A falling short; insufficiency; lack. 2. Amount or quantity lacking; deficit. DEFICIENT (de-fish'ent), o. 1. Not complete; wanting; lacking; defective; imperfect. 2. Not fully supplied, prepared, or endowed. [L. deficiens, pr.p. of deficio, fail.] DEFICIENTLY (de-flsh'ent-li), adv. In a de- ficient manner. DEFICIT (def'i-sit), n. Deficiency, especially of revenue, as compared with expenditure. [L., it is wanting; from deficio, fail, be wanting.] DEFIER (de-fi'er), n. One who defies. DEFILADE (def-i-lad'), vt. [pr.p. DEFILA'DING; p.t . and p.p. DEFILA'DED.] Construct (a forti- fication) so as to protect it from enfilading fire. [Fr.] DEFILE (de-fil'), vt. [pr.p. DEFI'LING; p.t. and p.p. DEFILED (de-flld').] 1. Pollute or cor- rupt. 2. Violate. 3. Mosaic Law. Make cere- monially unclean. [DE-, and A. S. fylan, made foul.] DEFILE (de-fil'), vi. [pr.p. DEFI'LING; p.t. and p.p. DEFILED (de-fild').] Mil. March off in file or line, or file by file. [Fr. defiler; from L. dis, away, and filum, thread.] DEFILE (de-fil'), n. 1. Narrow pass or passage, as between hills. 2. Mil. Act of defiling or marching off in a line, or file by file. 3. Fort. Act of defilading. DEFILEMENT (de-fil'ment), n. Act of defiling or state of being defiled; foulness; pollution. DEFILER (de-fi'ler), n. One who defiles; cor- rupter; violator. DEFINABLE (de-fi'na-bl), c. Capable of being defined. DEFINE (de-fin'), v. [pr.p. DEFI'NING; p.t. and p.p. DEFINED (de-find').] I. vt. 1. Fix the bounds or limits of. 2. Determine with pre- cision. 3. Describe accurately. 4. Fix the meaning of; give a definition of. II. vi. Give a definition; explain things by their qualities and circumstances. [L. definio; from de, down, and finis, limit.] DEFINER (de-fi'ner), n. 1. One who defines. 2. Book giving definitions. DEFINITE (def'i-nit), a. 1. Having distinct limits; fixed; defined. 2. Certain in meaning; exact; clear; precise. — Definite article. Gram. The article or demonstrative adjective the, so called because it defines or limits the noun to which it belongs. DEFINITELY (def'i-nit-li), adv. In a definite manner. DEFINITENESS (def'i-nit-nes), n. Quality or state of being definite. DEFINITION (def-i-nish'un), n. 1. Act or proc- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DEFINITIVE 340 DEFRAYMENT ess of defining or describing anything by its properties. 2. An explanation of the exact meaning of a word, term, or phrase. 3. Act of determining the outlines or limits of anything; defining or limiting. 4. Logic. Description which explains any term so as to separate or distinguish it from everything else. 5. Optics. State of being clearly outlined or determined, or the power of clearly outlining and deter- mining. SYN. Explanation; exposition; descrip- tion; comment; commentary. DEFINITIVE (de-fin'i-tiv), I. a. Defining or limiting; positive; explicit. II. n. Gram. Word used to limit the signification of a noun. Such are the definite article the and the demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those. DEFINITIVELY (de-fin'i-tiv-li), adv. 1. Deter- minated; expressly; positively. 2. Finally; conclusively; definitely. DEFINITIVENESS (de-fin'i-tiv-nes), n. Quality or state of being definitive. DEFLAGRABILITY(def-la-gra-bil'i-ti), n. Com- bustibility. DEFLAGRABLE (def'la-gra-bl), a. Combus- tible. DEFLAGRATE (def'la-grat), v. [pr.p. DEFLA- GRATING; p.t. and p.p. DEFLAGRATED.] I. vt. Set fire to and consume rapidly and completely by deflagration. II. vi. Be con- sumed by deflagration. [L. deflagratus, p.p. of deflagro, consume by fire.] DEFLAGRATION (def-la-gra'shun), n. Sudden rapid combustion, accompanied with flame or sparkling. [L. deflagratio; from deflagro, con- sume by fire.] DEFLAGRATOR (def'la-gra-tur), n. Galvanic apparatus for producing rapid combustion. DEFLECT (de-flekt), v. [pr.p. DEFLECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFLECT'ED.] I. vt. Bend or cause to turn to one side, or from a straight line. II. vi. Turn or move to one side; become de- flected; deviate. [L. deflecto; from de, from, and flecto, bend.] DEFLECTED (de-flekt'ed), a. Bot. Bent ab- ruptly downward. DEFLECTION (de-flek'shun), n. Deviation. DEFLECTIVE (de-flekt'iv), o. Causing de- flection. DEFLECTOR (de-flekt'ur), n. Anything that deflects or causes deflection. DEFLEX (de-fleks'), vt. [pr.p. DEFLEX'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFLEXED (de-flekst').] Biol. Bend down. [L. de, down, and flecto, flexum, bend.] DEFLEXURE (de-fleks'ur), n. Deviation; de- flection. DEFLORATE (de-flo'rat), a. Bot. Past the flowering state, as an anther after it has shed its pollen. [L. L. defloratus; from L. defloro, lose its blossoms.] DEFLORATION (de-flo-ra'shun), n. Act of deflowering. DEFLOWER, DEFLOUR (de-flowr'), vt. [pr.p. DEFLOWERING; p.t. and p.p. DEFLOW- ERED (de-flowrd').] 1. Deprive of flowers. 2. Deprive of grace and beauty. 3. Despoil of virginity; ravish. [L.L. defloro; from L. de, away, and flos, floris, flower.] DEFLOWERER (de-flowr'er), n. One who de- flowers, in any sense. DEFLUENT (def'16-ent), a. Running down; decurrent. [L. de, down, and fluo, flow.] DEFLUXION (de-fluk'shun), n. Pathol. Dis- charge or flowing off of fluid matter, as a de- fluxion from the nose in catarrh. [L. L. de- fluxio; from defluo, flow.] DEFOLIATE ( de-fo'11-at) , vt. [pr.p. DEFOLIA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEFO'LIATED.] Deprive of leaves. [L. de, from, and folium, leaf.] DEFOLIATE (de-fo'li-at), DEFOLIATED (de- fo'li-a-ted), a. Bot. Deprived of or having lost its leaves. DEFOLIATION (de-fo-li-a'shun), n. 1. The fall- ing off of leaves. 2. The time of shedding leaves. ■ DEFORCE (de-fors'), vt. [pr.p. DEFORCING; p.t. and p.p. DEFORCED (de-forst').] Law. Keep out of possession by force. [O. Fr. de- forcer.] DEFORCEMENT (de-fSrs'ment), n. The with- holding of an estate from its rightful owner. DEFOREST (de-for'est), vt. [pr.p. DEFOREST- ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFORESTED.] Deprive of forests. DEFORM (de-farm'), vt. [pr.p. DEFORM'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFORMED (de-farmd').] 1. Mar or injure the form of; disfigure. 2. Alter the form of. [L. deformo; from de, from, and forma, beauty.] DEFORMATION (def-ar-ma'shun), n. A de- facing or disfiguring. DEFORMED (de-farmd'), a. Misshapen; dis- figured. DEFORMITY (de-farm'i-ti), n. [pi. DEFORM'- ITIES.] 1. State of being deformed. 2. Mis- shapen part; disfigurement. 3. Ugly feature or characteristic. [L. deformitas; from de- formis, deformed; de, from, and forma, beauty.] DEFRAUD (de-frad'), vt. [pr.p. DEFRAUD'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFRAUD'ED.] Deprive of or withhold by fraud; cheat; swindle. [L. de- fraudo; from de, from, and fraus, fraudis, fraud.] DEFRAUDER ( de-frad'er ), n. One who de- frauds; cheat; swindler; embezzler. DEFRAY (de-fra'), vt. [pr.p. DEFRAYING; p.t. and p.p. DEFRAYED (de-frad').] Pay or settle, as expenses or charges. [O. Fr. defrayer; from de, away, and frais, expense.] DEFRAYAL (de-fra'al), n. Act of defraying; defrayment. DEFRAYER (de-fra'er), n. One who defrays. DEFRAYMENT (de-fra'ment), n. The defraying or paying of expenses; payment. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met. her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. DEFT 341 DEIGN 1. Invite to a con- 2. Set at defiance; defier; from L. dis, Unembarrassed: un- DEFT (deft), a. Dexterous; apt; handy; clever. [A. S. dceft, in gediefte, gentle.] DEFTLY (deft'li), adv. In a deft manner. DEFTNESS (deft'nes), n. Quality of being deft. DEFUNCT (de-fungkf), I. a. 1. Having ceased to live; dead; deceased. 2. Having ceased to exist or be in operation; extinct. II. n. Dead person. [L. defunctus, p.p. of defungor, finish; de, fully, and fungor, fulfill.] DEFT (de-fi'), vt. [pr.p. DEFY'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFIED (de-fid').] test; challenge; dare, disregard; brave. [Fr. apart, and fides, faith.] DEGAGE (da-ga-zha/), a. constrained. [Fr. p.p. of degager, disentangle.] DEGENERACY (de-jen'er-a-si), n. 1. Act or process of becoming degenerate. 2. State of being degenerate. DEGENERATE (de-Jen'er-at), vi. [pr.p. DE- GENERATING; p.t. and p.p. DEGENERA- TED.] 1. Fall from a better to a worse state; become degenerate. 2. Fall or decline from the normal condition or type. [L. degeneratus p.p. of degenero, degenerate; from degener, base; from de, down, and genus, generis, kind.] DEGENERATE (de-jen'er-at), I. a. 1. Having fallen off or declined from a better to a worse state or type. 2. Characterized by degeneracy. II. n. Person or animal of a degenerate type, especially a person who has become morally degraded through morbid deviation and heredity. DEGENERATELY (de-jen'er-at-li), adv. In a degenerate manner. DEGENERATENESS (de-jen'er-at-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being degenerate. DEGENERATION (de-jen-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act or process of becoming degenerate. 2. State of being degenerate; degeneracy; deteriora- tion. DEGENERATIVE (de-jen'er-a-tiv), a. Causing or tending to degeneracy. DEGLUTITION (deg-16-tish'un), n. Act, power, or process of swallowing. [L. de, down, and glutio, swallow.] DEGRADATION (deg-ra-da'shun), n. Act of de- grading or state of being degraded. DEGRADE (de-grad), v. [pr.p. DEGRADING; p.t. and p.p. DEGRA'DED.] I. vt. 1. Lower in grade or rank. 2. Deprive of office or dignity. 3. Lower in character, value, or position. 4. Geol. Wear away or down, as by the action of water. 5. Paint. Tone down. 6. Biol. Cause to degenerate. II. vi. 1. Become degraded. 2. Degenerate. [Fr. degrader; from L. de, down, and gradus, step.] DEGRADED (de-gra'ded), a. 1. Reduced in rank, position, value, or estimation. 2. De- based; low; mean; base. 3. Biol. Degenerated in type. DEGRADING (de-gra'ding), a. Debasing. DEGRADINGLY (de-gra'ding-li), adv. In a de- grading manner. DEGREE (de-gre), n. 1. Grade or step. 2. One of a series of advances. 3. Relative posi- tion. 4. Rank or station. 5. Measure of quality or condition; proportion; certain amount. 6. Measure of increase or decrease; extent. 7. Mark of distinction conferred by universities, colleges, etc. 8. The 360th part of a circle. 9. Sixty geographical miles. 10. Nearness of relationship; one remove in the line of descent. 11. Gram. One of the three stages, positive, comparative, superla- tive, in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb. 12. Alg. Term applied to equations to denote the highest power of the unknown quantity. 13. Music. Line or space of the staff. — By degrees, by little and little; grad- ually. — To a degree, to an extreme point; exceedingly. [Fr. degre; from L. de, down, and gradus, step.] DEHISCE (de-his'), vi. [pr.p. DEHIS'CING; p.t. and p.p. DEHISCED (de-hist').] Open, as the capsules of a plant; gape. [L. dehisco; from de, inten., and hisco, gape.] DEHISCENCE (de-his'ens), ». 1. A gaping, or opening. 2. Bot. The opening of cap- sules and of the cells of anthers, as for the discharge of seeds, etc. DEHISCENT (de-his'ent), a. Opening, as the capsules of a plant, the cells of an- thers, etc. DEHORN (de-harn'), vt. [pr.p. DEHORNING; p.t. and p.p. DEHORNED (de-harnd').] Deprive of horns. DEHYDRATE (de-hl'drat), v. [pr.p. DEHY- DRATING; p.t. and p.p. DEHYDRATED.] Chem. I. vt. Deprive of water. II. vi. Suffer loss of water. [DE-, and Gr. hydor, water.] DEICIDE (de'i-sid), n. 1. The killing of a god. 2. One who kills a god. [L. deus, god, and cce do, kill.] DEICTIC (dik'tik), a. Logic. Proving directly; direct. [Gr. deiktikos, showing.] DEIFIC (de-if'ik), DEIFICAL (de-if'ik-aD, a. 1. Making god-like or divine. 2. God-like; divine. DEIFICATION (de-1-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of deifying. 2. Deified embodiment. DEIFIER (dg'i-fl-er), n. One who deifies; idolater. DEIFORM (de'1-farm), a. God-like in form or character. DEIFY (dS'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. DE'IFYING; p.t. and p.p. DEIFIED (dS'i-fid).] 1. Exalt to the rank of a god. 2. Worship as a deity. 3. Make god-like. [Fr. deifier; from L. deus, god, and facio, make.] DEIGN (dan), vt. [pr.p. DEIGN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEIGNED (dand).] Condescend; vouchsafe. Dehiscence. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DEIANIRA 342 DELIBERATION [O. Fr. delgner; from L. dignor, think worthy; from dignus, worthy.] DeIANIRA (dS-i-a-ni'ra), DeJANIRA (dej- a-ni'ra), n. Greek Myth. Wife of Hercules; in- nocently killed her husband by sending him a poisoned shirt given her by Nessus; she hung herself for grief. DEISM (de'izm), n. Creed of a deist. DEIST (de'ist), n. One who believes in the exist- ence of God, but not in revealed religion. [Fr. deiste; from L. deus, god.] DEISTIC (de-ist'ik), DEISTICAL (de-ist'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to deism or the deists. 2. Con- taining the doctrine of deism. DEISTICALLY (de-ist'ik-al-i), adv. After the manner of the deists. DEITY (de'i-ti), n. 1. God, the Supreme Being. 2. Godhead; divinity. 3. [d-] [pi. DE'ITIES.] Fabulous god or goddess; heathen object of worship. [Fr. deite; from L. deus, god.] DEJECT (de-jekf), vt. [pr.p. DEJECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEJECT'ED.] Cast down the countenance or spirits of. [L. dejectus, p.p. of dejecio, cast down; from de, down, and jacio, cast, throw.] DEJECTED (de-jekt'ed), a. Cast down; dis- pirited; disheartened. DEJECTEDLY (de-jekt'ed-li), adv. In a dejected manner. DEJECTEDNESS (de-jekt'ed-nes), n. Quality or state of being dejected. DEJECTION (de-jek'shun), n. Lowness of spir- its; depression of mind; dejectedness. DEJEUNER (da-zhu-na'), n. Morning meal; breakfast. [Fr.] DEKA-, prefix. Ten. [See DECA-.] DeLAGOA Bay (del-a-go'a ba). Inlet of Indian Ocean, S. E. Africa. DELAINE (de-lan'), n. TJntwilled light dress- material, originally of wool. [L. de, of, and lana, wool.] DELAWARE (del'a-war), n. One of the U. S. Area 2,050 sq. m. Capital, Dover. DELAWARE RlVER. Rises in Catskill Moun- tains, and enters Delaware Bay. DELAY (de-la), v. [pr.p. DELAYING; p.t. and p.p. DELAYED (de-lad').] I. vt. 1. Put off to another time; defer; postpone. 2. Hinder or retard. II. vi. Put off action for a time; move slowly; linger. [O. Fr. delaier; from L. L. dilato, put off.] DELAY (de-la'), n. 1. A putting off or deferring; postponement. 2. A lingering. 3. A hinder- ing; stoppage or stay. DELAYER (de-la'er), n. One who delays in any sense. DELE (de'le), vt. [pr.p. DE'LEING; p.t. and p.p. DELED (de'led).] Erase, blot out, or omit. In proofreading, a direction to remove superflu- ous letters or words, usually marked thus^-oK^ [L., imperative of deleo, erase.] DELEBLE (del'e-bl), a. Capable of being erased, blotted out, or effaced. [L. delebilis; from deleo, erase.] DELECTABLE (de-lek'ta-bl), a. Delightful; pleasing; charming. [L. delectabilis; from delecto, delight.] DELECTABLENESS (de-lek'ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being delectable. DELECTABLY (de-lek'ta-bli), adv. In a de- lectable manner. DELECTATION (de-lek-ta'shun), n. Delight; pleasure. DELEGATE (del'e-gat), I. a. Delegated; de- puted. II. n. 1. Person appointed or deputed by another or others with authority to transact business as his or their representative; rep- resentative; deputy. 2. Person elected to rep- resent a Territory in Congress, as distin- guished from the Representatives of the States. [L. delegatus, p.p. of delego, send as a repre- sentative; from de, from, and lego, send.] DELEGATE (del'e-gat), vt. [pr.p. DELEGA- TING; p.*. and p.p. DEL'EGATED.] 1. Send as a representative; depute. 2. Intrust or com- mit to. DELEGATION (del-e-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of delegating. 2. State of being delegated. 3. Person or body of persons delegated. DELETE (de-let), vt. [pr.p. DELE'TING; p.t. and p.p. DELE'TED.] Blot out; erase; ex- punge; dele. [L. deletus, p.p. of deleo, erase.] DELETERIOUS (del-e-te'ri-us), a. Injurious to life; hurtful; pernicious; destructive. [Gr. deleterios, hurtful; from deleomai, hurt.] DELETERIOUSLY (del-e-te'ri-us-li), adv. In a deleterious manner. DELETERIOUSNESS (del-e-te'ri-us-nes), n. Quality of being deleterious. DELETION (de-le'shun), n. 1. Act of deleting. 2. Word or passage deleted. DELETIVE (de-le'tiv), a. Fitted or intended to be deleted. DELFT (delft), DELF (delf), n. Kind of earthen- ware originally made at Delft, Holland; hence, crockery generally. DELHI (del'e), n. City, Punjab, India, on the Jumna. DELIBERATE ( de-lib 'er-at), v. [pr.p. DE- LIB ERATING; p.t. and p.p. DELIBERATED.] I. vt. Weigh well in one's mind; consider; ponder. II. vi. 1. Consider the reasons for and against anything; ponder. 2. Hesitate. [L. deliberatus, p.p. of delibero, consult.] DELIBERATE (de-lib'er-at), a. 1. Well con- sidered. 2. Weighing matters in the mind carefully; cool; circumspect. 3. Slow; grad- ual. 4. Intentional. DELIBERATELY ( de-lib 'er-at-li), adv. In a deliberate manner. DELIBERATENESS ( de-lib 'er-at-nes), n. Qual- ity of being deliberate. DELIBERATER ( de-lib 'er-a-ter), n. Same as DELIBERATOR. DELIBERATION (de-lib-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c#. in Scotch loch. mute, hut. burn, DELIBERATIVE 343 DELIQUESCENT of deliberating. 2. Mature reflection. 3. Calmness; coolness. 4. Premeditation. DELIBERATIVE (de-lib'er-a-tiv), a. 1. Per- taining to or given to deliberation. 2. Pro- ceeding or acting by deliberation or debate. DELIBERATIVELY(de-lib'er-a-tiv-li), adv. By way of deliberation or mutual discussion. DELIBERATOR ( de-lib 'er-a-tiir), n. One who deliberates. DELIBLE (del'i-bl), a. Same as DELEBLE. DELICACY (deli-ka-si), n. [pi. DELICACIES.] 1. State or quality of being delicate; nicety; daintiness; deliciousness; exquisiteness; sen- sitiveness; refinement. 2. That which is dainty, delicious, or agreeable to the senses, and more especially to the taste; a dainty. SYN. Pleasantness; agreeableness; savori- ness; relish; dainty; tidbit; nicety; elegance; tenderness; slenderness; weakness; frailty; carefulness; fastidiousness; sensibility; sen- sitiveness; refinement; purity. ANT. Coarse- ness; indelicacy. DELICATE (del'i-kat), a. 1. Pleasing to the senses, especially the taste; dainty. 2. Nicely discriminating or perceptive. 3. Of a fine, slight texture or constitution. 4. Frail; not robust. 5. Requiring nice handling. 6. Re- fined in manners. 7. Gentle; polite; consid- erate. 8. Hard to please; fastidious. 9. Nice or minutely accurate in the perception of what Is agreeable. 10. Easily affected, as a delicate balance. 11. Chaste. 12. Sensitive. 13. Dex- terous; skillful. 14. Softly and harmoniously shaded, as a delicate color. [L. delicatus, lux- urious, pleasing; from delicio, allure; from de, away, from, and lacio, entice.] DELICATELY (del'i-kat-li), adv. In a delicate manner. DELICATENESS (del'i-kat-nes), n. Quality of being delicate. DELICATESSEN ( del-i-ka-tes'en ), n.pl. Table dainties; prepared food delicacies. [Ger.] DELICIOUS (de-lish'us), a. Highly pleasing to the senses, especially the taste; affording exquisite pleasure. [L. deliciosus, pleasant; from delicio;, pleasure, delights.] SYN. Delightful; grateful; pleasing; charming; pleasant; luscious; dainty ; tooth- some; choice; savory. ANT. Nauseous; un- savory. DELICIOUSLY (de-lish'us-li), adv. In a man- ner highly pleasing to the senses. DELICIOUSNESS (de-lish'us-nes), n. Quality of being delicious. DELICT (de-likf), n. Transgression; misde- meanor. [L. delictum, offense; from de, away, and linquo, leave.] DELIGATE (del'i-gat), n. Med. Taking up with ligatures, veins, arteries, etc., in surgical operations. DELIGHT (de-lif), v. [pr.p. DELIGHTING; p.t. and p.p. DELIGHT'ED.] I. vt. Please highly; charm. II. vi. 1. Have or take great pleasure. 2. Be greatly pleased. [O. Fr. deliter; from L. delecto, delight.] DELIGHT (de-lit), n. 1. High degree of pleasure; extreme satisfaction. 2. That which gives great pleasure. DELIGHTED (de-lit'ed), a. Greatly pleased; overjoyed; charmed. DELIGHTEDLY (de-lit'ed-li), adv. In a de- lighted manner. DELIGHTFUL (de-lit'fol), a. Affording delight; charming. DELIGHTFULLY (de-lit'fol-li), adv. In a de- lightful manner. DELIGHTFULNESS (de-llt'fol-nes), n. Quality of being delightful. DELIGHTSOME (de-lit'sum), a. Delightful. DELIMIT (de-limit), vt. [pr.p. DELIMITING; p.t. and p.p. DELIM'ITED.] Fix or mark the limit of. DELIMITATION (de-lim-i-ta'shun), n. Act of delimiting. DELINEABLE (de-lin'e-a-bl), a. Capable of being delineated. DELINEAMENT (de-lin'e-a-ment), n. Delinea- tion. DELINEATE (de-lin'e-at), vt. [pr.p. DELIN'EA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DELINEATED.] 1. Mark out with lines. 2. Represent by a sketch or picture. 3. Describe accurately in words; portray. [L. delineatus, p.p. of delineo, sketch out; from de, down, and linea, line.] DELINEATION (de-lin-e-a'shun), n. 1. Act of delineating. 2. Pictorial or verbal represen- tation; sketch; outline. DELINEATOR (de-iin'e-a-tur), n. One who or that which delineates. DELINQUENCY (de-ling'kwen-si), n. [pi. DE- LINQUENCIES.] Failure in or omission of duty; fault; misdemeanor; offense; short- coming. DELINQUENT (de-ling'kwent), I. a. 1. Failing in duty; faulty; remiss. 2. Owing and payable, as delinquent taxes. II. n. 1. One who fails in or leaves his duty. 2. Transgressor. [L. delinquens, pr.p. of delinquo, fail in doing; from de, from, and linquo, leave.] DELINQUENTLY (de-ling'kwent-li), adv. In a delinquent manner. DELIQUATE (del'i-kwat), v. [pr.p. DEL'IQUA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEL'IQUATED.] I. vt. Melt; dissolve. II. vi. Melt away. [L. de, away, and liquo, melt.] DELIQUATION (del-i-kwa'shun), n. A melting or dissolving away; deliquescence. DELIQUESCE (del-i-kwes'), vi. [pr.p. DEL- IQUES'CING; p.t. and p.p. DELIQUESCED (del-i-kwest').] Chem. Melt and become liquid by absorbing moisture, as certain salts, etc. [L. deliquesco, melt away.] DELIQUESCENCE (del-i-kwes'ens), n. Act or process of deliquescing. DELIQUESCENT (del-i-kwes'ent), a. 1. Chem. Liquefying in the air. 2. Bot. Branched fate fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mg, met, her; mite, mit; n6te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DELIQUIATE 344 DELUGE in such a manner that the stem is lost in the branches. DELIQUIATE (de-lik'wi-at), vt. and vi. Same as DELIQUATE. DELIQUIATION (de-lik-wi-a'shun), n. Same as DELIQUATION. DELIRIANT (de-lir'i-ant), n. Agent that pro- duces delirium. DELIRIOUS (de-lir'i-us), a. Affected with de- lirium. DELIRIOUSLY (de-lir'i-us-li), adv. In a de- lirious manner. DELIRIOUSNESS ( de-lir'i-us-nes ), n. Quality of being delirious. DELIRIUM (de-lir'i-um), n. 1. Pathol. Per- turbed and disordered state of the brain, in- volving confusion of thought and delusion. 2. Wild or frantic excitement or enthusiasm. — Delirium tremens, delirious disorder of the brain produced by excessive use of al- coholic liquors, and often marked by con- vulsive or trembling symptoms, accompanied by fear and great mental agitation. [L. ; from delirus, crazy; from de, from, and lira, furrow.] DELITESCENCE (del-i-tes'ens), n. 1. State of inactivity. 2. Pathol. Sudden subsidence of a tumor or of inflammation. 3. Latent develop- ment of the germs of a disease, or the period of its development. [L. delitescens, pr.p. of delltesco, lie hid.] DELITESCENT (del-i-tes'ent), a. Lying hid, concealed or obscured, as the germs of an in- fectious disease. DELIVER (de-liv'er), vt. [pr.p. DELIVERING; p.t. and p.p. DELIVERED (de-liv'erd).] 1. Liberate or set free from restraint or danger. 2. Rescue from evil or fear. 3. Give up or part with. 4. Communicate. 5. Pronounce; utter. 6. Give forth, as a blow, a ball, etc. 7. Dis- burden of a child. 8. Com. Carry to a desig- nated place and give into the possession of an- other. 9. Law. Place at the disposal of; hand over, as in the attestation of a deed, "sealed and delivered.'* [Fr. delivrer; from L. de, from, and libero, set free; from liber, free.] SYN. Release; discharge; liberate; loose; acquit; extricate ;disengage ;rescue ; redeem ; commit; transfer; yield; grant; surrender; resign; relinquish; utter; pronounce. ANT. Confine; retain; capture; imprison; betray; oppress. DELIVERABLE (de-liv'er-a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being delivered. 2. Proper for delivery. DELIVERANCE (de-liv'er-ans), n. 1. Act of delivering or freeing. 2. Act of transferring from one to another. 3. Parturition. 4. Law. Utterance of a judgment or authoritative opinion. 5. State of being delivered, in any sense. DELIVERER (de-liv'er-er), n. One who de- livers. DELIVERY (de-liv'er-i), n. 1. Act of delivering, in any sense. 2. State or condition of being delivered. — Jail delivery. 1. Judicial process by which a jail is relieved of prisoners. 2. Escape of prisoners from a jail. DELL (del), n. Small, narrow valley between hills; dale; glen. [Variant of DALE.] DELOO (de-lo'), n. Zool. Small African ante- lope or gazelle. DELOUL (de-15D, n. Zool. Low-humped camel of the Arabian desert. DELPHI (del'fl), n. Greek Myth. City at the foot of Mount Parnassus in Phocis, Greece, and where the world-renowned Pythian Apollo oracle was situated. Delphic (dei'fik), Delphian (dei'fi-an), a. Of or pertaining to Delphi, a town of ancient Greece, or to the oracle of Apollo which was there; hence, inspired, prophetic. DELPHIN (del'fin), a. Pertaining to the dauphin of France, or to an edition of the Latin classics prepared for his use, sixty-four volumes, 1674- 1730. [See DAUPHIN.] DELPHIN (del'fin), I. a. Of or pertaining to a dolphin or to the Delphinidm. II. n. Chem. Neutral fat found in the oil of several species of the DelphinidoB. DELPHINID^(del-fin'i-de),n.pZ. Zool. Family of cetaceans, including dolphins, grampuses, etc. [L. delphinus, dolphin.] DELPHINIUM (del-fin'i-um), n. Bot. Genus of ranunculaceous plants comprising the lark- spurs. [L. delphinus, dolphin, from the re- semblance which the nectary bears to the imaginary figures of the dolphin.] DELTA (del'ta), n. 1. Fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, the capital form of which is A* 2. Triangular tract of land formed by deposits at the mouth of a river. [Gr.; from Heb. daleth, 4th letter; lit. tent-door.] DELTAFICATION (del-ta-fi-ka'shun), n. Proc- ess of forming a delta. DELTOID (del'toid), a. Of the form of the Greek letter delta [A] 5 triangular. — Deltoid muscle, large triangular muscle of the shoulder. [Gr. deltoeides, delta-shaped; from delta, triangular, and eidos, form.] DELUDARLE (de-lo'da-bl), a. Capable of being deluded. DELUDE (de-lod' or de-lud'), vt. [pr.p. DELU'- DING;p.£. and p.p. DELU'DED.] Impose upon; beguile; mislead; deceive. [L. deludo, befool; from de, from, and ludo, play.] SYN. Cheat; trick; misguide. ANT. Guide; disabuse; enlighten. DELUDER (de-lo'der), n. One who deludes; impostor; cheat. DELUGE (del'uj), n. 1. Great inundation or flood, specifically that in the days of Noah. 2. Torrent or flood of anything, as fire, lava, etc. 3. Violent or overwhelming calamity. [Fr. deluge; from L. diluvium; from diluo, wash away.] DELUGE (del'uj), vt. [pr.p. DELUGING; p.t. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil,- owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. DELUSION 345 DEMIJOHN and p.p. DELUGED (del'ujd).] Overwhelm as with water; inundate. DELUSION (de-16'zhun or de-lu'zhun), n. 1. Act of deluding. 2. State of being deluded. 3. False belief; error; illusion; fallacy. [L. delusio; from deludo, delude.] SYN. Illusion; fallacy; deception; hallu- cination; error. ANT. Enlightenment; in- struction; guidance; openness; honesty. DELUSIONAL (de-lo'zhun-al), a. Pertaining to or afflicted with delusions. DELUSIVE (de-lo'siv), a. Apt or tending to delude; deceptive. DELUSIVELY (de-lo'siv-li), adv. In a delusive manner. DELUSIVENESS (de-16'siv-nes), n. Quality of being delusive. DELUSORY (de-lo'so-ri), a. Same as DELUSIVE. DELVE (delv), v. [pr.p. DELVING; p.t. and p.p. DELVED (delvd).] I. vt. 1. Dig, as with a spade. 2. Get at the bottom of; fathom; sound. II. vi. 1. Work, as with a spade; dig. 2. Make a studious and laborious inquiry. [A. S. delfan.] DELVER (delv'er), n. One who delves; digger. DEMAGNETIZATION (de-mag-net-i-za'shun), n. Act or process of demagnetizing. DEMAGNETIZE (de-mag'net-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEMAGNETIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMAG- NETIZED (de-mag'net-izd).] Deprive of mag- netic power. DEMAGOGIC (dem-a-goj'ik), DEMAGOGICAL (dem-a-goj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or char- acteristic of a demagogue. DEMAGOGISM, DEMAGOGUISM (dem'a-gog- izm), n. Acts or principles of a demagogue. DEMAGOGUE (dem'a-gog), n. 1. Unprincipled or factious public orator or political leader. 2. Among the Greeks and Romans, one who was a popular leader by reason of his superior eloquence or oratory. [Gr. demagogos; from demos, people, and ago, lead.] DEMAIN (de-man'), n. Estate in land; demesne. [O. Fr. demaine, domain.] DEMAND (de-mand'), v. [pr.p. DEMAND'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEMAND 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Ask or claim with authority, or as a right. 2. Call for; ask; claim. 3. Require or necessitate. II. vi. Ask or require peremptorily. [Fr. demander; from L. L. demando, demand; from L. de, from, and mando, put into one's charge.] SYN. Require; insist; exact; ask. ANT. Disclaim; forego; waive; request; petition; supplicate. DEMAND (de-mand'), n. 1. Act of demanding with authority, or as a right. 2. Authoritative claim or request. 3. The calling for or desire to purchase. 4. Law. The asking of what is due. DEMANDABLE (de-mand'a-bl), a. Subject to demand or claim. DEMANDANT (de-mand 'ant), n. One who makes a demand. DEMANDER (de-mand'er), n. One who de- mands anything. DEMANTOID (de-man'toid), n. Min. Variety of orange- and green-tinted garnet. DEMARCATION, DEMARKATION (de-mar-ka'- shun), n. 1. Act of marking off or setting bounds to; division. 2. Fixed limit; boundary. [Fr.; from de, off, and marquer, mark.] DEMATERIALIZE (de-ma-te'ri-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEMATE'RIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMA- TERIALIZED (de-ma-te'ri-al-Izd).] Deprive of material qualities. DEME (dem), n. 1. Subdivision of ancient Attica and of modern Greece; township. 2. Biol. Any differentiated aggregate of cells. [Gr. demos.] DEMEAN (de-men'), vt. [pr.p. DEMEAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEMEANED (de-mend').] Be- have; conduct — used reflexively. [O. Fr. demeren, conduct, guide.] DEMEAN (de-men'), vt. [pr.p. DEMEAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEMEANED (de-mend').] Make mean; lower; debase. [DE- and MEAN (low).] DEMEANOR (de-men'iir), n. Behavior; con- duct; deportment. [O. Fr. demener; from de, down, and mener, guide, conduct.] DEMENTED (de-ment'ed), a. Suffering from dementia; insane. DEMENTIA (de-men'shi-a), n. General mental enfeeblement, with loss of memory, reason, feeling, and will; insanity. [L.; from de, from, and mens, mentis, mind.] DEMEPHITIZATION (de-mef-i-ti-za'shun), n. Disinfection of impure air. DEMERIT (de-mer'it), n. 1. That which deserves censure or punishment; desert of blame. 2. Mark denoting failure or misconduct. [O. Fr. demerite; from L. de, fully, and mereo, deserve.] DEMERSED (de-mersf), a. Bot. Growing under water. [L. demersus, p.p. of demergo, plunge in; from de, down, and mergo, dip.] DEMESNE (de-men'), n. 1. Manor-house, with lands adjacent to it not let out to the tenants. 2. Any estate in land. [Form of DOMAIN.] DEMETER(de-me'ter), n. GreelcMyth. Goddess of vegetation. DEMI (de-mi'), n. Same as DEMY. DEMI- (dem'i), prefix. Half; used largely in com- position, often as if a full word joined by a hyphen, as in demi-relief. [Fr. demi, half; from L. dimidius; from di, apart, and medius, middle.] DEMI-CADENCE (dem'i-ka-dens), n. Music. Half-cadence, or a cadence of the dominant. DEMI-CANTON (dem'i-kan-tun), n. Small subdivision of territory in Switzerland. DEMIGOD (dem'i-god), n. [fern. DEM'IGOD- DESS] One who is half a god, or whose nature is partly divine, especially a hero fabled to be the offspring of a god and a mortal. DEMIJOHN (dem'i-jon), n. Glass bottle with fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DEMI-MONBE 346 DEMONIAC a full body and narrow neck, inclosed in wickerwork. [Fr. dame-jeanne, Dame Jane.] DEMI-MONDE (dem'i-mond), n. Disreputable class of women. [Fr. ; literally, half-world.] DEMI-RELIEF (dem-i-re-lef), DIMI-RILIEVO (dem-i-re-li-a/vo), n. Sculpture projecting moderately from the face of a wall; mezzo- relievo. DEMIREP (dem'i-rep), n. Woman of doubtful reputation. [Contraction of DEMI-REPUTA- TION.] DEMI-RILIEVO (dem-i-re-li-a'vo), n. Same as DEMI-RELIEF. DEMISABLE (de-mi'za-bl), a. Capable of being demised. DE3IISE (de-miz), v. [pr.p. DEMISING; p.t. and p.p. DEMISED (de-mizd').] I. vt. 1. Be- queath by will. 2. Transfer or convey. II. vi. Pass by will or descent. [Fr. demettre, lay down ; from L. dis, away, and mitto, missum, send.] DEMISE (de-miz'), n. 1. Death, especially of a sovereign or a distinguished person. 2. Transfer of the crown or of an estate to a successor. SYN. See DEATH. DEMISEMI QUAVER (dem-i-sem'i-kwa-ver), n. Music. Note equal in time to the half of a semiquaver. DEMISSION (de-mish'un), n. 1. A lowering; degradation; depression. 2. Relinquishment; resignation. [L. dimissio; from dimitto, send away.] DEMIT (de-mif), vt. [pr.p. DEMIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. DEMIT'TED.] 1. Dismiss. 2. Re- linquish; resign. [L. dimitto, send away.] DEMIT (de-mif), n. Letter of dismissal and recommendation, as from a lodge of Masons. DEMI-TINT (dem'i-tint), n. Paint. Graduation of color between positive light and positive shade; half-tint. DEMI-TOILET (dem'i-toi-let), n. Elaborate costume not reaching the grade of full dress. DEMIURGE (dem'i-urj), n. Among the Pla- tonic philosophers, an exalted and mysterious agent, by whom God was supposed to have created the universe. [Gr. demiourgos; from demos, people, and ergon, work.] DE31I-VOLT (dem'i-volt), n. Half-turn or curvet of a horse, the fore legs being raised in the air. [Fr. demi-volte; demi, half, and volte, leap.] DEMOBILIZATION ( de-mo-bil-I-za'shun ), n. Act of demobilizing, or state of being demo- bilized. DEMOBILIZE ( de-mo 'bil-iz ), vt. [pr.p. DE- MOBILIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMOBILIZED (de-mo'bil-Izd).] Mil. Disband, as to demo- bilize troops. [DE- and MOBILIZE.] DEMOCRACY (de-mok'ra-si), n. 1. Democratic party or its principles. 2. [d~] Form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people, and is exercised by them either directly or indirectly through elected representatives or delegates. 3. [d-] [pi. DEMOCRACIES.] Commonwealth having a democratic form of government. 4. [d-J The people collectively. [Gr. denokratia; from demos, people, and krateo, rule.] DEMOCRAT (dem'o-krat), n. 1. Member of the Democratic party. 2. [d-] One who ad- heres to or promotes democracy. DEMOCRATIC (dem-o-krat'ik), a. I. Of or pertaining to the Democratic party in the United States, whose chief distinguishing principles are states rights and tariff for revenue only. 2. [d-] Of or pertaining to a democracy; suited for or characterized by popular government. DEMOCRATICAL (dem-o-krat'ik-al), a. Demo- cratic. DEMOCRATICALLY (dem-c-krat'ik-al-i), adv. In a democratic manner. DEMOISELLE ( dem-wa- zel'), n. 1. Young lady. 2. Zool. Species of crane, more commonly known as the Numidian crane. 3. Species of dragonfly, the Calopteryx virgo. [Fr.] DEMOLISH ( de-mol'ish), vt. [pr.p. DEMOLISH- ING; p.t. and p.p. DE- MOLISHED (de-mol'- isht) .] Lay in ruins ; puU or tear down ; destroy ; ruin; dismantle; raze. [Fr. demoiir; from L. demolior, pull down; from de, down, and molior, build; from moles, heap,] DEMOLISHER (de-mol'ish-er), n. that which demolishes. DEMOLITION (dem-o-lish'un), n. molishing or state of being demolished; struction; ruin. DEMOLOGY (de-mol'o-ji), n. Study of social energy in the human race. DEMON (de'mun), n. 1. Evil spirit; devil. 2. Friendly spirit or good genius; daemon. 3. Very wicked or cruel person. 4. Among the ancient Greeks, a spiritual being inferior in rank to a deity proper, but yet capable of in- fluencing human affairs. [L. dcemon; from Gr. daimon, spirit.] DE3IONETIZATION (de-mon-e-ti-za'shun), n. Act of demonetizing or state of being de- monetized. DEMONETIZE (de-mon'e-tiz), vt. [pr.p. DE- MONETIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMONE- TIZED (de-mon'e-tizd).] Divest of the char- acter ot standard money, as to demonetize silver. [DE- and MONETIZE.] DEMONIAC (de-mo'ni-ak), DEMONIACAL (de- mo-ni'a-kal), a. 1. Pertaining to or like demons or evil spirits. 2. Influenced or pro- duced by demons. DEMONIAC (de-mo'ni-ak), n. Human being possessed by a demon or evil spirit. Demoiselle (Anthro- poides virgo). One who or Act of de- de- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. [DEMONIACALLY 347 DENATURALIZE DEMONIACALLY (de-mo-ni'ak-al-i), adv. In a demoniacal manner. DEMONISM (de'mun-izm), n. Belief in demons. DEMONOLATRY (de-mun-ol'a-tri), n. Worship of demons. DEMONOLOGY (de-mun-ol'o-ji), n. Account of demons; study of demons and their agency. DEMONRY (de'mun-ri), n. Demoniacal in- fluence. DEMONSTRABILITY (de-mon-stra-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of heing demonstrable. DEMONSTRABLE (de-mon'stra-bl), a. Capable of being demonstrated. DEMONSTRABLENESS (de-mon'stra-bl-nes), n. Demonstrability. DEMONSTRABLY (de-mon'stra-bli), adv. In a demonstrable manner. DEMONSTRATE (de-mon'strat or dem'un- strat), vt. [pr.p. DEMONSTRATING; p.t. and p.p. DEMONSTRATED.] 1. Show or point out clearly; prove by experiment. 2. Prove in such a manner as to show that the contrary position is evidently absurd. 3. Anat. Ex- hibit or point out the parts of, as of a body when dissected. [L. demonstro (p.p. demonstratus) ; from de, fully and monstro, show.] DEMONSTRATER (dem'un-stra-ter), n. Same as DEMONSTRATOR. DEMONSTRATION (dem-un-stra'shun), n. 1. A pointing out. 2. Proof beyond doubt. 3. Expression of the feelings by outward signs. 4. Public exhibition of approval or con- demnation, as by a mass-meeting, procession, etc. 5. Mil. Movement of troops or ships to exhibit military intention, or in war to deceive the enemy. DEMONSTRATIVE (de-mon'stra-tiv), I. a. 1. Making evident. 2. Proving with certainty. 3. Of the nature of proof. 4. Given to the manifestation of one's feelings. II. n. De- monstrative pronoun, a pronoun used to point out the particular object to which it refers, as this, that, these, those. DEMONSTRATIVELY (de-mon'stra-tiv-li), adv. In a demonstrative manner. DEMONSTRATIVENESS (de-mon'stra-tiv-nes), n. Quality of being demonstrative. DEMONSTRATOR (dem'un-stra-tiir), n. One who demonstrates. DEMOPHIL (dem'o-fll), n. Lover of the people. DEMORALIZATION (de-mor-al-i-za'shun), n. Act of demoralizing or state of being demor- alized. DEMORALIZE (de-mor'al-iz), vt. [pr.p. DE- MORALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMORALIZED (de-mor'al-izd).] 1. Corrupt the morals of. 2. Deprive of spirit and confidence; lower the morals of. 3. Throw into confusion. DEMOTIC (de-mot'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the people; popular. 2. Egypt. Antiq. Of or per- taining to a kind of writing dstinguished from the hieratic or priestly, and from hieroglyph- ics. [Gr. dSmotikos; from demos, people.] Act of demurring; 1. One who de- DEMULCENT (de-mul'sent), I. a. Soothing. II. n. Med. Application that soothes or allays irritation. [L. demulcens, pr.p. of demulceo, soothe down.] DEMUR (de-mur'), vi. [pr.p. DEMUR'RING; p.t. and p.p. DEMURRED (de-murd').] 1. Pause in doubt or hesitation. 2. State objec- tions or difficulties; object. 3. Law. Take exception to any point in the pleadings as in- sufficient. [L. demoror, delay.] DEMUR (de-mur'), n. Stop; pause, or hesitation. DEMURE (de-mur'), a. 1. Sober; staid; modest. 2. Affectedly modest; coy. [Fr. de tnoeurs, having manners.] DEMURELY (de-mur'li), adv. In a demure manner. DEMURENESS (de-mur'nes), n. Quality of being demure. DEMURRAGE (de-mur'aj), n. Com. Law. 1. Allowance made for undue delay or detention of a vessel in port. 2. Time of delay. 3. Allow- ance or compensation payable for delay in loading or unloading railway cars beyond a certain specified period allowed for the pur- pose. [O. Fr. demourage; from L. demoror, delay.] DEMURRAL (de-mur'al), n. hesitation; delay; demur. DEMURRER (de-mur'er), n murs. 2. Law. Issue upon a matter of law; plea denying that under the facts stated by the plaintiff he has any case in law. DEMY (de-mi'), n. 1. Size of paper, varying with different makers, commonly in the United States 21 by 16 inches. 2. [pi. DEMIES (de-miz').] Holder of a half scholarship in Magdalen College, Oxford. [Fr. demi; from L. dimidium, half; from di, apart, and medius, middle.] DEN (den), n. 1. Home or hiding place of a wild beast; lair. 2. Cavern; cave; pit. 3. Haunt of vice or misery. 4. Private retreat for work; sanctum. (Colloq.) [A. S. denn, cave.] DEN (den), n. Narrow glen; wooded hollow; dell; ravine (Eng. prov.). [A. S. denu, valley.] DENARIUS (de-na'ri-us), n. [pi. DE- NARII (de-na'ri-i).] Chief Roman silver coin under the Republic, di- vided into ten asses, and of the value of about seventeen cents. [L.; from deni, by tens; f rom decern, ten.] DENARY (den'a-ri), I. a. Contain- ing ten. II. n. [pi. DEN'ARIES.] 1. The number of ten. 2. A denarius. [L. denarius.] DENATIONALIZATION (de-nash-un- al-i-za'shun), n. Act of denationalizing or state of being denationalized. DENATIONALIZE (de-nash'un-al-Iz), vt. [pr.p. DENATIONALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DENA- TIONALIZED (de-nash'un-al-izd).] Deprive of nationality or national rights. DENATURALIZE (de-nat'u-ral-Iz), vt. [pr.p. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DENATURE 348 DENSE DENATURALIZING? p.t. and p.p. DENAT- URALIZED (de-nat'u-ral-izd).] 1. Make un- natural. 2. Deprive of naturalization. DENATURE (de-na'tur), vt. [pr.p. DENATUR- ING; p.t. and p.p. DENATURED (de-na/- turd).] Change the nature of, as alcohol by rendering it non-usable as a beverage. [DE- and NATURE.] DENATURING (de-na'tur-ing), n. Process of rendering alcohol unsuitable for drinking by adding a substance having a bad taste and disagreeable odor. DENDRACHATE (den'dra-kat), n. Crystalline form of the moss agate. [Gr. dendrites, tree- like, and L. achates, agate.] DENDRIFORM (den'dri-farm), a. Having the appearance of a tree. [Gr. dendron, tree, and suffix -FORM.] DENDRITE (den'drit), n. Min. 1. Rock or mineral in which are figures resembling plants. 2. Any dendriform crystal or mineral. [Gr. dendrites, of a tree.] DENDRITIC (den-drit'ik), a. 1. Tree-like; arborescent. 2. Marked with branching fig- ures like plants. DENDROID (den'droid), a. Having the form of a tree. [Gr. dendron, tree, and eidos, form.] DENDROLOGY (den-drol'o-ji), n. Natural history of trees. [Gr. dendron, tree, and logia, discourse.] DENDROMETER (den-drom'e-ter), n. Instru- ment for ascertaining the height of trees. [Gr. dendron, tree, and metron, measure.] DENGUE (deng'ga), n. Pathol. Acute tropical fever, seldom fatal. Also ' called oreak-oone fever and dandy fever. [Sp., fastidiousness.] DENIABLE (de-ni'a-bl), a. Capable of being denied. DENIAL (de-ni'al), n. 1. Act of denying; con- tradiction. 2. Act of disavowing; refusal to admit. 3. Non-compliance; refusal to grant. — Denial of one's self, restraint of one's ap- petites or desires; self-denial. DENIER (de-ni'er), n. One who denies, in any sense. DENIER (de-ner'), n. Old French coin of in- significant value, first of silver and later of copper; hence very trifling sum. [Fr.; from L. denarius, denarius.] DENIM (den'im), n. Colored, twilled cotton cloth, used for overalls; also for floor and wall covering. [Etym. doubtful.] DENIZEN (den'i-zn), n. 1. Inhabitant; dweller. 2. In England, an alien made a subject by royal letters patent. [O. Fr. deinzein; from deinz, within; from L. de, from, and intus, within.] DENIZEN (den'i-zn), v. [pr.p. DEN'IZENING; p.t .and p.p. DENIZENED (den'i-znd).] I. vt. Make a denizen of. II. vi. Inhabit. DENMARK (den'mark), n. Kingdom of Europe, on Baltic Sea. DENNET (den'et), n. Light, open, two-wheeled carriage. [From name of the inventor.] DENOMINABLE (de-nom'i-na-bl), a. Capable of being named or denominated. DENOMINATE (de-nom'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. DE- NOMINATING; p.t. and p.p. DENOMINA- TED.] Give a name to; call; name. [L. de- nomino (p.p. denominatus) , name; from de, from, and nomcn, name.] DENOMINATE (de-nom'i-nat), a. 1. Denomi- nated. 2. Arith. Qualifying, or expressing the kind; concrete. DENOMINATION (de-nom-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of naming. 2. Name or title. 3. Society or collection of individuals called by a dis- tinctive name; sect. 4. Category; class; kind. DENOMINATIONAL (de-nom-i-na'shun-al), a. Pertaining to or connected with a denomina- tion; sectarian. DENOMINATIONALISM (de-nom-i-na'shun-al- izm), n. 1. Denominational or class spirit or policy. 2. Devotion to the interests of a sect. DENOMINATIVE (de-nom'i-na-tiv), a. Giving or having a name or title. DENOMINATIVELT (de-nom'i-na-tiv-li), adv. By denomination. DENOMINATOR (de-nom'i-na-tur), n. 1. One who or that which denominates or names. 2. Arith. and Alg. Number or expression below the line in a fraction. DENOTABLE (de-no'ta-bl), a. Capable of being denoted. DENOTATION (de-no-ta'shun), n. 1 Act of denoting. 2. That which a word names or indicates, in contradistinction to that which it CONNOTES or signifies. DENOTATIVE ( de-no 'ta-tiv), a. Having the quality or power of denoting. DENOTE (de-nof), vt. [pr.p. DENO'TING; p.t. and p.p. DENO'TED.] 1. Note or mark off. 2. Indicate or show. 3. Signify or mean. [L. dcnoto; from de, down, and noto, mark.] DENOUEMENT (da-no'mang), n. Catastrophe of a drama or novel; issue; event; outcome. [Fr.; from denouer, untie; de, from, and nouer, tie; from L. nodus, knot.] DENOUNCE (de-nowns'), vt. [pr.p. DENOUN- CING; p.t. and p.p. DENOUNCED (de- nownst').] 1. Inform against or accuse publicly. 2. Cry down; inveigh against; condemn; stig- matize. 3. Mining claims. Give formal notice of abandonment of, and claim right to work. [L. denuntio, declare; from de, down, and nuntio, announce; from nuntius, messenger.] SYN. Accuse; arraign; brand; stigmatize; censure; condemn. ANT. Applaud; eulogize; vindicate; uphold. DENOUNCER (de-nown'ser), n. One who de- nounces. DE NOVO (de nd'vo). From the beginning; afresh; anew. [L.] DENSE (dens), a. [comp. DEN'SER; superl. DEN'SEST.] 1. Having the constituent parts fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DENSELY 349 DENUNCIATORY closely united; close; thick; compact. 2. Deep; profound, as dense ignorance. [L. densus, thick.] DENSELY (dens'li), adv. In a dense manner or state; thickly; profusely. DENSENESS (dens'nes), n. Quality or state of being dense; density. DENSIMETER (den-sim'e-ter), n. Instrument for ascertaining the comparative density or specific gravity of a substance. [L. densus, dense, and -METER.! DENSITY (den'si-ti), n. 1. Quality of being dense; closeness; compactness; depth. 2. Physics, Proportion of mass to bulk or volume; quantity of matter per unit of bulk. DENT (dent), n. Small depression caused by a blow; indentation. [Variant of DINT.] DENT (dent), vt. [pr.p. DENTING; p.t. and p.p. DENT'ED.] Make a dent in; indent. DENT (dent), n. Tooth, as of a cogwheel, comb, etc. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] DENTAL (den'tal), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the teeth, or to dentistry. 2. Pronounced by the aid of the teeth. II. n. 1. Articulation or sound produced by placing the end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or the gum immediately above them, and uttering. 2. Letter representing such a sound, as d, t, n. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] DENTATE (den'tat), a. Bot. Toothed; notched. [L. dentatus; from dens, tooth.] DENTATELY (den'tat-li), adv. In a dentate manner. DENTICLE (den 'ti-kl), n. Small tooth; projecting point; dentil. [L. denticulus, dim. of dens, tooth.] DENTICULATE (den-tik'u-lat), DENTICULA- TED (den-tik'u-la-ted), a. Having the mar- gin finely dentate or toothed. DENTICULATION (den-tik-u-la'shun), n. State of being set with small teeth. DENTIFORM (den'ti-farm), a. Having the form of a tooth or of teeth. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and suffix -FORM.] DENTIFRICE (den'ti-fris), n. Substance for rubbing and cleansing the teeth; tooth-powder. [L. dentifricum; from dens, dentis, tooth, and frico, rub.] DENTIGEROUS (den-tij'er-us), a. Bearing teeth; toothed. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and gero, bear.] DENTIL (den'- til), n. 1. Arc^SmaU ^^^^^^^^^^^^ squareblock JOLJUflJOUOUP or projec- tion in a cor- nice. [L. den- ticulus; from dens, tooth.] DENTILABIAL (den-ti-la'bi-al), I. a. Formed by bringing the tips of the upper front teeth Dentils. down upon the lower lip, as in pronouncing / or v. II. n. Letter representing a sound thus formed. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and LABIAL.] DENTILINGUAL (den-ti-ling'gwal), I. a. Formed between the teeth and the tongue, as the sound of th in thin. II. n. Sound formed between teeth and tongue. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and LINGUAL.] DENTIMETER (den'ti-me-ter), n. Appliance for ascertaining exact size and form of teeth as an aid to mechanical dentistry. DENTIN, DENTINE (den'tin), n. Substance forming the body of a tooth; ivory. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] DENTINAL (den'ti-nal), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of dentin. DENTIPHONE (den'ti-fon), n. Form of audi- phone. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and Gr. phonS, sound.] DENTIROSTRAL ( den-ti-ros'tral ), a. Zool. Having the mandibles of the beak toothed or notched, as certain birds. [L. dens, dentts, tooth, and rostrum, beak.] DENTIST (den'tist), n. One whose business is to extract or repair teeth when diseased, and make and insert artificial teeth when required; dental surgeon. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] DENTISTRY (den'tist-ri), n. Business of a dentist; dental surgery. DENTITION (den-tish'un), n. 1. Act or proc- ess of cutting or developing teeth. 2. The con- formation, number, and arrangement of the teeth. DENTOID (den'toid), a. Formed or shaped like a tooth. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and suffix -OID.] DENTURE (den'tur), n. Artificial tooth or set of teeth. [Fr.] DENUDATE (de-nu'dat), DENUDATED (de- nu'da-ted), a. Denuded. DENUDATION (den-u-da'shun), n. 1. Act of denuding. 2. Geol. The wearing away of rocks by water and atmospheric action, whereby the underlying rocks are laid bare. 3. Pathol. Condition of a part deprived of its natural coverings, whether by wound, gan- grene, or abscess. DENUDE (de-nud), vt. [pr.p. DENUDING; p.t. and p.p. DENU'DED.] Make nude or naked; lay bare. [L. denudo; from de, from, and nudus, naked.] DENUNCIATION (de-nun-si-a'shun or de-nun- shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of denouncing. 2. Threat; menace. [L. denunciatio; from de- nuncio, declare.] DENUNCIATIVE (de-nun'si-a-tiv), a. 1. De- nunciatory. 2. Given or inclined to denun- ciation. DENUNCIATOR (de-nun'si-a-tur), n. One who denounces. DENUNCIATORY (de-nun'si-a-to-ri), a. Con- taining a denunciation; threatening. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " \X=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. DENVER 350 DEPILATORY DENVER (den'ver), n. City, capital of Colorado, on S. Platte river. DENT (de-ni'), v. [pr.p. DENYING; p.t. and p.p. DENIED (de-nid').] I. vt. 1. Gainsay or de- clare not to be true. 2. Reject. 3. Refuse admission to. 4. Disown. II. vi. Say no; not to comply; refuse. — Deny one's self, ex- ercise self-denial. [Fr. denier; from L. denego, deny; from de, fully, and nego, deny, refuse.] DEOBSTRUENT (de-ob'stro-ent). Med. I. a. Removing of obstructions; aperient. II. n. Opening or aperient medicine. [DE- and OBSTRUENT.] DEODAND (de'o-dand), n. In old English law, a personal chattel which had been the im- mediate, accidental cause of the death of a human being, forfeited to the crown for pious uses. [L. Deo dandum, to be given to God.] DEODAR (de-6-dar'), n. BoU Large tree, the Cedrus Deodara of the Himalayas, similar in habit of growth to the cedar of Lebanon. [Sans. Deva-daru, divine tree.] DEODORANT (de-6'dur-ant), n. Deodorizer. DEODORIZATION (de-6-dur-i-za'shun), n. Act or process of deodorizing. DEODORIZE (de-6'dur-Iz), vt. [pr.p. DEODOR- IZING; p.t. and p.p. DEODORIZED (de-6'- dur-izd).] Free from odor; disinfect; fumigate. DEODORIZER (de-6'dur-I-zer), n. Substance that destroys or modifies unpleasant smells; disinfectant. DEONTOLOGICAL (de-on-to-loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to deontology. DEONTOLOGIST (de-on-tol'o-jist), n. One versed in deontology. DEONTOLOGY (de-on-tol'o-ji), n. Science of moral duty, or of that which is morally bind- ing or obligatory; ethics. [Gr. deon, deontis, necessity, and -OLOGY.] DEOXIDATE (de-oks'i-dat), vt. [pr.p. DE- OXIDATING; p.t. and p.p. DEOXIDATED.] Same as DEOXIDIZE. DEOXIDIZATION (de-oks-i-di-za'shun), n. Act or process of deoxidizing. DEOXIDIZE (de-oks'i-diz), vt. [pr.p. DEOXI- DIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEOXIDIZED (de-oks'- i-dizd).] Take oxygen from, or reduce from the state of an oxide. DEOXIDIZER (de-oks'i-di-zer), n. Substance that deoxidizes. DEPART (de-parf), vi. [pr.p. DEPARTING; p.t. and p.p. DEPART'ED.] 1. Go away; leave; quit; withdraw. 2. Deviate; vary; wander. 3. Pass away; die. [Fr. departir; from L. de, away, and partior, distribute; from pars, part.] DEPARTMENT (de-part'ment), n. 1. Part or portion. 2. Separate part of business or duty. 3. Section of the administration. 4. Division of a country, as in France. — Department store, large retail establishment having several departments for the sale of particular kinds of merchandise. DEPARTMENTAL (de-part-ment'al). c. Of or pertaining to a department. DEPARTURE (de-part'ur or de-par'chgr;, n. 1. Act of going away from a place. 2. Deviation. 3. Death. 4. Naut. Distance in nautical miles made good by a vessel due east or west. — A new departure, a change of purpose or method, a new course of procedure. DEPEND (de-pend'), vi. [pr.p. DEPEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEPEND 'ED.] 1. Hang; or be suspended. 2. Be dependent or contingent upon. 3. Be in a state of dependence on an- other. 4. Have confidence; rely; trust. 5. Be in a state of suspense; be pending. [L. dependeo; from de, down, and pendeo, hang.] DEPENDABLE (de-pend'a-bl), a. Reliable. DEPENDANCE (de-pend'ans), DEPEND- ANCY (de-pend'an-si), DEPENDANT (de- pend 'ant). Same as DEPENDENCE, DEPEND- ENCY, DEPENDENT. DEPENDENCE (de-pend'ens), DEPENDANCE (de-pend'ans), n. 1. State of being dependent; reliance; trust. 2. That on which one depends. 3. State of being subordinate, or subject to another. 4. Law. State of being pending or undetermined. DEPENDENCY (de-pend'en-si), DEPEND ANCY (de-pend'an-si), n. [pi. DEPENDENCIES.] 1. That which is attached, but subordinate, to something else. 2. Territory or district remote from but subject to a kingdom or state. 3. Dependence. DEPENDENT (de-pend'ent), DEPENDANT (de- pend'ant), I. a. 1. Depending on or subordi- nate to another. 2. Depending on another for support, help, or strength. 3. Depending on as to the issue or result; contingent. 4. Pendent. II. n. 1. One who is subject to another; subordinate; retainer. 2. One de- pending on another for support, help, or strength. 3. That which is contingent on something else; consequence; corollary. DEPENDENTLY (de-pend'ent-li), DEPEND- ANTLY ( de-pend 'ant-li), adv. In a dependent manner. DEPENDER (de-pend'er), n. One who depends or relies. DEPICT (de-pikf), vt. [pr.p. DEPICT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEPICT'ED.] 1. Paint, portray, or make a likeness of. 2. Describe or represent in words or otherwise. [L. depictus, p.p. of depingo, paint; de, down, and pingo, paint.] DEPICTURE (de-pik'tur), vt. [pr.p. DEPIC- TURING; p.t. and p.p. DEPICTURED (de- pik'turd).] Depict. DEPILATE (dep'i-lat), vt. [pr.p. DEP'ILA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEP'ILATED.] Remove the hair from. [L. depilatus, p.p. of depilo, pull out the hair; from de, from, and pilus, hair.] DEPILATION (dep-i-la'shun), n. Act of dep- ilating, or removing hair. DEPILATORY (de-pil'a-t6-ri), I. a. Having fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DEPLETE 351 DEPRAVE the power or quality of removing hair. II. n. Application for removing hair. DEPLETE (de-plef), vt. [pr.p. DEPLE'TING; p.t. and p.p. DEPLE'TED.] 1. Lessen the full- ness of; exhaust; empty. 2. Deprive of re- sources, strength, etc. 3. Med. Lessen the quantity of blood in, as the veins by venesec- tion. [L. depletus, p.p. of depleo, empty; from de, from, and pleo, fill.] DEPLETION (de-ple'shun), n. 1. Act of deple- ting; or state of being depleted. 2. Med. Act of relieving congestion or plethora, by purg- ing, blood-letting, or the reduction of the system by abstinence. DEPLETIVE (de-ple'tiv), DEPLETORY (dep'le- to-ri or de-ple'to-ri), a. Tending to or causing depletion. DEPLORABILITY (de-plor-a-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- ity of being deplorable; deplorableness. DEPLORABLE (de-plor'a-bl), a. Lamentable; sad; grievous; miserable; wretched. DEPLORABLENESS (de-plor'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being deplorable. DEPLORABLY (de-plor'a-bii), adv. In a de- plorable manner. DEPLORE (de-plor'), vt. [pr.p. DEPLOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEPLORED (de-pl6rd').] Feel or express deep grief for; bewail; lament. [L. deploro; from de ( intens. ), and ploro, lament.] DEPLORER (de-pl&r'er), n. One who deplores. DEPLORINGLY (de-plor'ing-H), adv. In a de- ploring manner. DEPLOY (do-ploi'), v. [pr.p. DEPLOY'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEPLOYED (de-ploid').] I. vt. Mil. Open out or extend, as a body of troops, so as to form an extended line or front. II. vi. March from column into line. [Fr. deployer; from L. dis, apart, and pllco, fold.] DEPLOY (de-ploi'), n. Act of deploying. DEPLUMATION (dep-16-ma'shun), n. 1. The falling off of feathers; molting. 2. Pathol. Affection of the eyelids attended with loss of the eyelashes. DEPLUME (de-plom), vt. [pr.p. DEPLU'MING; p.t. and p.p. DEPLUMED (de-plomd').] Strip the feathers from; deprive of plumage. DEPOLARIZE (de-po'lar-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEPO- LARIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEPOLARIZED (dS-po'lar-izd).] Deprive of polarity. DEPONE (de-pdn'), v. [pr.p. DEPO'NING; p.t. and p.p. DEPONED ( de-pond').] I. vt. Tes- tify to under oath; give testimony about. II. vi. Give testimony; depose. [L. depono; from de, down, and pono, lay.] DEPONENT (de-po'nent), I. a. 1. Gram. Hav- ing a passive form but an active signification, as certain Greek and Latin verbs. 2. Law. Bearing testimony; deposing. II. n. 1. Gram. Deponent verb. 2. Law. One who deposes, or makes a deposition. DEPOPULATE (de-pop'u-lat), v. [pr.p. DE- POPULATING; p.*. and p.p. DEPOPULATED.] I. vt. Deprive of population; dispeople. II. vi. Become dispeopled. [L. depopulatus, p.p. of depopulor, depopulate.] DEPOPULATION (de-pop-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of depopulating; havoc; destruction. 2. State of being depopulated. DEPOPULATOR (de-pop'u-la-tur), n. One who depopulates. DEPORT (de-port), vt. [pr.p. DEPORTING; p.t. and p.p. DEPORT'ED.] 1. Transport; exile; banish. 2. Behave; demean; conduct; carry; used reflexively. [L. deporto; from de, away, and porto, carry.] DEPORTATION (de-por-ta'shun), n. Trans- portation. DEPORTMENT (de-pdrt'nient), n. Behavior; conduct; demeanor. DEPOSABLE (de-po'sa-bl), a. Capable of being deposed. DEPOSAL (de-p6'zal), n. Act of deposing. DEPOSE (de-poz'), v. [pr.p. DEPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. DEPOSED (de-pozd').] I. vt. 1. Re- move from an official position; dethrone; degrade. 2. State under oath; give testi- mony concerning. II. vi. Make a statement under oath. [Fr. deposer.] DEPOSIT (de-poz'it), vt. [pr.p. DEPOSITING; p.t. and p.p. DEPOS'ITED.] 1. Put or set down. 2. Put away for preservation. 3. Com- mit or entrust to; place with, as at interest or for security, etc. 4. Throw down or precipi- tate, as sediment. [O. Fr. deposlter; from L. depositum, placed; from depono, lay down.] DEPOSIT (de-poz'it), n. 1. Act of depositing, or state of being deposited. 2. That which is or has been deposited. DEPOSITARY (de-poz'i-ta-ri), n. [pi. DE- POSITARIES.] 1. Person with whom any- thing is left for safe keeping; trustee. 2. De- pository. DEPOSITION (dep-o-zish'un), n. 1. Act of de- posing. 2. Act of deponing. 3. Testimony taken authoritatively, to be used as a sub- stitute for the production of the witness in open court. 4. Act of depositing, or that which is deposited. DEPOSITO ( da-poz'it-6), n. Storehouse or reservoir. [Sp. deposito, place for storage.] DEPOSITOR (de-poz'it-ur), n. One who de- posits. DEPOSITORY (de-poz'i-to-ri), w. [pi. DE- POSITORIES.] Place where anything is de- posited. DEPOT (de'po or da-p6'), n. 1. Place for the reception, storing, or warehousing of goods. 2. Railway station. 3. Military station where supplies are stored, or troops received and drilled. [Fr. de"pot; from L. depositum, de- posited.] DEPRAVATION (dep-ra-va'shun), n. 1. Act of depraving. 2. State of being depraved; depravity. DEPRAVE (de-prav'), vt. [pr.p. DEPRA'VING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRAVED (de-pravd').] Make fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii— « in'facotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DEPRAVED 352 DEPUTIZE bad or worse; corrupt. [Fr. depraver; from L. depravo, make bad.] DEPRAVED (de-pravd'), a. Destitute of moral principles; corrupt; wicked. DEPRAVITY (de-prav'i-ti), n. 1. Vitiated or corrupt state of moral character; wickedness; corruption. 2. Theol. Hereditary tendency of man toward sin. DEPRECATE (dep're-kat), vt. [pr.p. DEPRE- CATING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRECATED.] 1. Desire earnestly the prevention or removal of. 2. Pray deliverance from. 3. Regret deeply and express disapproval of. [L. deprecatus, p.p. of deprecor, pray against.] DEPRECATION (dep-re-ka/shun), n. 1. Act of deprecating. 2. Entreaty or petition. DEPRECATIVE ( dep're-ka-tiv), a. Depre- catory. DEPRECATOR (dep're-ka-tur), n. One who deprecates. DEPRECATORY (dep're-ka-to-ri), a. Serving to or tending to deprecation. DEPRECIATE (de-pre'shi-at), v. [pr.p. DE- PRECIATING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRECIATED.] I. vt. 1. Lower the value of; bring down the price of. 2. Undervalue; underrate; dis- parage. II. vi. Fall in value or price. [L. depretiatus, p.p. of depretio, depreciate; from de, down, and pretium, price.] DEPRECIATION (de-pre-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of depreciating. 2. State of being depreciated. DEPRECIATIVE (de-pre'shi-a-tiv), a. Tending to depreciate. DEPRECIATIVELY (de-pre'shi-a-tiv-li), adv. In a depreciative manner. DEPRECIATOR (de-pre'shi-a-tur), n. One who depreciates. DEPRECIATORY (de-pre'shi-a-to-ri), a. Tend- ing to depreciate. DEPREDATE (dep're-dat), v. [pr.p. DEPRE- DATING; p.t. and p.p. DEPREDATED.] I. vt. Plunder or prey upon; lay waste; pillage. II. vi. Commit pillage or open robbery. [L. deprcedatus, p.p. of deprcedor, plunder.] DEPREDATION (dep-re-da'shun), n. 1. Act of depredating. 2. State of being depredated. DEPREDATOR (dep're-da-tur), n. One who commits depredations. DEPREDATORY (dep're-da-to-ri), a. Tending to or characterized by depredations; plunder- ing; pillaging. DEPRESS (de-pres'), vt. [pr.p. DEPRESSING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRESSED (de-prest').] 1. Press or thrust down; let down; lower. 2. Humble. 3. Lower or reduce in power or in- fluence. 4. Make dull or inactive. 5. Lower or reduce in value or price; depreciate. 6. Deject; dispirit; sadden. [L. depressus, p.p. of deprimo, press down; from de, down, and premo, press.] DEPRESSION (de-presh'un), n. 1. Act of press- ing, thrusting, or letting down. 2. A falling In or sinking. 3. Hollow; indentation. 4. Low or weak state. 5. State of dullness or inactivity. 6. Act of humbling. 7. A sinking of the spirits; state of dejection or discourage- ment. 8. Astron. Angular distance of a celestial object below the horizon. — Depres- sion of the pole, the sinking of the polar star toward the horizon as a person moves to- ward the equator. DEPRESSIVE (de-pres'iv), a. Causing depres- sion; depressing. DEPRESSOR (de-pres'ur), n. 1. One who de- presses. 2. Surgical instrument for pressing down a soft part. 3. Anat. Muscle that draws down the part to which it is attached. DEPRIVABLE (de-pri'va-bl), a. Liable to deprivation. DEPRIVAL (de-pri'val), n. Deprivation; loss. DEPRIVATION (dep-ri-va'shun), n. 1. Act of depriving. 2. State of being deprived; deg- radation from office; loss; bereavement; hardship; privation. DEPRIVE (de-priv'), vt. [pr.p. DEPRI'VING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRIVED (de-privd';.] 1. Take away from; dispossess. 2. Hinder or defer; shut out from. 3. Eng. Eccl. Law. Take office or preferment from; depose. [L. L. deprivo, degrade; from L. de, fully, and privo, deprive; from privus, one's own.] DEPRIVER (de-pri'vgr), n. One who deprives. DEPTH (depth), n. 1. Deepness. 2. Measure of deepness down or inward. 3. Deep place. 4. Innermost recess. 5. Middle, as depth of winter. 6. Profundity. 7. Abstruseness. 8. Extent of sagacity and penetration. [Formed from DEEP.] DEPURANT (dep'u-rant), I. a. Depurating. II. n. Medicine that purifies the blood or cleanses the system. DEPURATE (dep'u-rat), vt. [pr.p. DEPURA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DEP'URATED.] Cleanse or free from impurities; purify; clear. [L. L. depuratus, p.p. of depuro, clear, purify.] DEPURATION ( dep-u-ra'shun), n. Act of cleansing or purifying. DEPURATOR (dep'u-ra-tur), n. One who or that which depurates. DEPURATORY (dep'u-ra-to-ri), a. Cleansing; purifying; depurant. DEPUTATION (dep-u-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of deputing or state of being deputed. 2. Per- son or persons appointed or deputed to act for another or others; delegation. DEPUTATIVE (dep'u-ta-tiv), a. Clothed with powers of a deputy. DEPUTE (de-put'), vt. [pr.p. DEPU'TING; p.t. and p.p. DEPU'TED.] 1. Appoint or commis- sion as agent, deputy, or representative. 2. Send with power to transact business on behalf of the sender; delegate. [L. deputo, cut off. select.] DEPUTIZE (dep'u-tiz), vt. [pr.p. DEP'UTIZING: p.t. and p.p. DEPUTIZED (dep'u-tlzd).] Ap- point or commission as deputy. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfi, in Scotch loch. DEPUTY 353 DERMATOLOGY DEPUTY (dep'u-ti), n. [pi. DEP'TJTIES.] 1. One who is appointed to exercise any office in an- other man's right, in this sense commonly used attributively, as deputy collector, deputy sheriff, etc. 2. Delegate or representative. — ■ Chancer of Heptities, the lower of the two legislative chambers in France and in Italy, the members of which are elected by popular suffrage, and are termed Deputies. DERAIL (de-ran, vt. [pr.p. DEEAIL'ING; p.U and p.p. DERAILED (de-rald').] Cause to leave the rails, as to derail a train. DERAILMENT (de-ral'ment), n. Act of derail- ing or state of being derailed. DERANGE (de-ranj'), vt. [pr.p. DEEAN'GING; p.U and p.p. DERANGED (de-ranjd').] 1. Put out of place or order; disarrange. 2. Dis- turb the actions or functions of; disorder; craze. [Fr. deranger; from de, asunder, and ranger, rank.] SYN. Disturb; disarrange; displace; dis- order; confuse; discompose; unsettle; ruffle; disconcert; confound; embarrass. ANT. Arrange; classify; distribute. DERANGED ( de-ranjd'), a. 1. Disordered; insane. DERANGEMENT ( de-ranj 'ment), n. Disorder; insanity. SYN. Disorder; disturbance; disarrange- ment; confusion; lunacy; aberration; de- lirium; mania; insanity; craze; madness. ANT. Order; arrangement; regularity; san- ity; saneness. DERBY (der'bi; in England, dar'bi), n. [pi. DER'BIES.] 1. City in England, capital of Derbyshire. 2. City in State of Connec- ticut. 3. Great horse-race held annually at Epsom Downs, near London, England, on the Wednesday before Whitsuntide. So called from the Derby stakes; instituted by the Earl of Derby in 1780. 4. [d-] Stiff felt hat with oval crown and narrow brim, worn by men. DERELICT (der'e-likt), I. a. 1. Neglectful; remiss. 2. Left abandoned at sea, as a derelict vessel. 3. Left dry by the retirement of the sea, as derelict land. II. n. That which is left derelict; derelict vessel or land. [L. dere- lictus, p.p. of derelinquo, abandon.] DERELICTION (der-e-lik'shun), n. 1. Neglect or omission, as a dereliction of duty. 2. Act of abandoning or state of being abandoned. 3. Law. A gaining of land by change of water- line, or the land so gained. DERIDE (de-rid), vt. [pr.p. DERIDING; p.U and p.p. DERI'DED.] Laugh to scorn; make sport of; mock; ridicule. [L. derideo; from de (intensive), and rideo, laugh.] SYN. Taunt; insult; scorn; jeer; banter; flout; gibe. ANT. Praise; applaud; com- mend; respect; laud; extol; honor. DERIDER (de-ri'der), n. One who derides. DERIDING (de-ri'ding), a. Derisive. DERIDINGLY (de-ri'ding-li), adv. In a deriding manner; derisively. DERISION (de-rizh'un), n. 1. Act of deriding: mockery; ridicule. 2. Object of scorn Or ridicule; laughing-stock. [L. L. derisio; from L. derisus, p.p. of derideo, deride.] SYN. Ridicule; mockery; disrespect; insult; contempt; scorn. ANT. Respect; regard; admiration; reverence. DERISIVE (de-rl'siv), a. Containing or ex- pressing derision; deriding. DERISIVELY (de-ri'siv-li), adv. In a derisive manner. DERISORY (de-ri'so-ri), a. Mocking; ridicu- ling; derisive. DERIVABLE (de-ri'va-bl), a. Capable of being derived; obtainable. DERIVATION (der-i-va'shun), n. 1. Act of deriving or deducing. 2. That which is de- rived or deduced. 3. JPhilol. The tracing of a word from the original source or root. 4. Gram. Change by which one base of inflection is formed from another, as by adding th to the adjective true, forming the noun truth. 5. Biol. Darwinism; evolution. DERIVATIVE (de-riv'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Derived or taken from something else; not radical or original. 2. Arguing by deduction; deriving; deducing. II. n. 1. That which is derived. 2. Word derived or formed from another word. DERIVATIVELY (de-riv'a-tiv-li), adv. In a derivative manner. DERIVE (de-riv'), vt. [pr.p. DERI'VING; p.U and p.p. DERIVED (de-rlvd').] 1. Draw from or receive by transmission. 2. Draw, as from a cause or principle; deduce. 3. Gram. Form by the process of derivation. 4. Philol. Trace from its root or original form. [Fr. derivcr; from L. derivo, drain; from de, from, and rivus, stream.] SYN. Receive; obtain; get; trace; de- duce; infer. DERIVER (de-ri'ver), n. One who derives. DERM (derm), n. 1. The skin. 2. Anat. The true or under layer of the skin, as distinguished from the cuticle. [Gr. derma, skin.] DERMAL (der'mal), a. 1. Pertaining to the skin. 2. Consisting of skin. DERMATOGRAPHY (der-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. Anatomical description of the skin. [Gr. derma, dermatos, skin, and grapho, write.] DERMATOID (der'ma-toid), a. Of the form of skin; skin-like. [Gr. dermatoides; from derma, dermatos, skin, and eidos, form.] DERMATOLOGICAL (der-ma-to-loj'i-kl), a. Pertaining to dermatology. DERMATOLOGIST (der-ma-tol'o-jist), n. One versed in dermatology. DERMATOLOGY ( der-ma-tol'o-ji), n. Branch of physiological and medical science that treats of the skin and its diseases. [Gr. derma, dermatos, skin, and logos, treatise.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. DERMATOMA 354 DESCENT DERMATOMA (der-ma-to'ma), n. Med. In- congruous growth of the skin. [Gr. derma, dermatos, skin.] DERMATOPATHT (der-ma-top'a-thi), n. Any skin disease. [Gr. derma, skin, and pathos, suffering.] DERMATOPHONE (der'ma-to-ffin), n. Ap- pliance for ascertaining pulsation of veins, arteries, and blood vessels of the skin. [Gr. derma, skin, and -PHONE.] DERMEPENTHESIS (der-me-pen'the-sis), n. Surg. Operation whereby skin-grafting is performed. [Gr. derma, skin, and epenthesis, insertion.] DERMIC (der'mik), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the skin. 2. Acting on or through the skin, as dermic remedies. DERMIS (der'mis), n. Same as DERM. DERMOID (der'moid), a. Same as DERM ATOID. DERMOLOGY (der-mol'o-ji), n. Same as DERMATOLOGY. DERNIER (der'ni-er or der-nya'), a. Last; final. — Dernier ressort, last resort. [Fr.; from L. de, down, and retro, back.] DEROGATE (der'o-gat), v. [pr.p. DEROGA- TING; p.U and p.p. DEROGATED.] I. vt. De- tract from ; disparage. II. vi. Invalidate some part of a law or established rule. [L. derogatus, p.p. of derogo, repeal part of a law; from de, away, and rogo, propose a law.] DEROGATION (der-o-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of derogating or detracting from the worth, name, or character of a person or thing; de- traction; disparagement. 2. Act of annulling or diminishing the force or effect of some part of a law or established rule. DEROGATIVE (de-rog'a-tiv), a. Same as DE- ROGATORY. DEROGATORILY (de-rog'a-to-ri-li), adv. In a derogatory manner. DEROGATORINESS (de-rog'a-t6-ri-nes), w. Quality or state of being derogatory. DEROGATORY (de-rog'a-t6-ri), a. Tending to derogate or detract from the worth, name, or character of a person or thing; disparaging. DERRICK (der'ik), n. Ap- paratus for lifting heavy weights, closely resem- bling a crane. [From Derrick, the name of a London hangman in the early part of the 17th centwry.] DERRID (der'id), n. Dot. Gum poison from the derris tree, used for arrow and spear poisoning in East India. DERRINGER (der'in-jer), n. Short, single-barreled pistol of large cali- ber and very effective at close quarters. [From Derringer, the inventor, an American.] DERRIS (der'is), n. Dot. Shrub-like tree Derrick. Dancing Dervishes. (Deguelia elliptica), grown in Polynesia. The sap forms a gum which is a most virulent poison. DERVISH(der'vish),DER- VIS, DER VISE (deV vis), n. Mohammedan monk who professes poverty and leads an austere life. — Dancing dervishes, dervishes who spin or whirl themselves round for hours at a time, until they work them- selves into a state of frenzy, when they are believed to be inspired. [Pers. darvish, dervish — literally, poor man.] DESAURIN (des'a-rin), n. Chem. Yellow car- bonized crystals of potash. DESCANT (des'kant), n. 1. Act of descanting or discoursing. 2. Discourse under several heads; series of comments. 3. 3Iusic. (1) Song or tune composed in parts or with various modulations. (2) The soprano. [O. Fr. des- cant; from L. L. discantus; from dis, apart, and cantus, song.] DESCANT (des-kanf), vi. [pr.p. DESCANT'ING; p.U and p.p. DESCANT'ED.] Discourse at length; dilate; expatiate. DESCANTER (des-kant'er), n. One who des- cants. DESCEND (de-send'), v. [pr.p. DESCENDING; p.U and p.p. DESCEND 'ED.] I. vt. Pass from a higher to a lower portion of; go down. II. vi. 1. Pass from a higher to a lower place or condition. 2. Pass from general to particu- lars. 3. Fall upon or invade. 4. Be derived; have birth, origin, or descent. 5. Be trans- mitted in order of succession; revert. 6. Lower or debase one's self morally or socially. 7. Music. Pass from sharp to flat. 8. Astron. Move southward. [L. descendo; from de, down, and scando, climb.] DESCENDANT (de-send'ant), n. Person de- scending from an ancestor in any degree. DESCENDENT (de-send'ent), a. 1. Descending or going down. 2. Proceeding from an ances- tor. DESCENDIBILITY (de-send-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- ity of being descendible. DESCENDIBLE (de-send'i-bl), a. 1. Admitting of descent. 2. Capable of transmission by in- heritance; heritable. DESCENSION (de-sen'shun), n. Act of falling, moving or sinking downward; descent; degradation; declension. [L. descensio; from descendo, descend.] DESCENSIONAL (de-sen'shun-al), a. Of or pertaining to descension. DESCENSIVE (de-sen'siv), a. Tending down- ward; descendent. DESCENT (de-senf), n. 1. Act of descending. 2. Transmission by succession. 3. Motion or progress downward. 4. Way of descend- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh.=c/i in Scotch ioch, DESCRIBABLE 355 DESIDERATION ins; slope; declivity. 5. A falling upon or invasion. 6. Derivation from an ancestor. 7. Degree in the line of genealogy. 8. Birth; extraction; lineage. 9. Descendants collect- ively. 10. Degradation; abasement. DESCRIBABLE (de-skri'ba-bl), a. Capable of being described. DESCRIBE (de-skrib'), v. [pr.p. DESCRIBING; p.t. and p.p. DESCRIBED (de-skribd').] I. vt. 1. Trace out; delin ate; draw. 2. Set forth the qualities, characteristics, properties, or features of in words; depict; narrate; recount; portray. II. vi. 1. Make a description. 2. Serve as a description. [L. describo; from de, down, and scribo, write.] DESCRIBER (de-skri'ber), n. One who de- scribes. DESCRIER (de-skri'er), n. One who descries or espies. DESCRIPTION (de-skrip'shun), n. 1. Act of describing. 2. Account, definition, or repre- sentation of anything, given in words or by drawings and tracings. 3. Sort; class; kind. [L. descriptio; from describo, describe.] SYN. Account; relation; recital; detail; narrative; narration; explanation; repre- sentation; tracing; delineation. ANT. Cari- cature; distortion; misrepresentation. DESCRIPTIVE (de-skrip'tiv), a. 1. Containing description. 2. Having the power or faculty of describing. DESCRIPTIVELY (de-skrip'tiv-li), adv. In a descriptive manner. DESCRIPTIVENESS(de-skrip'tiv-nes), n. Qual- ity of being descriptive. DESCRY (de-skri'), vt. [pr.p. DESCRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. DESCRIED (de-skrid').] Discover by the eye; espy; discern. [O. Fr. descrier; from desy out, and crier, cry.] DESECRATE (des'e-krat), vt. [pr.p. DES'ECRA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DESECRATED.] Divert from a sacred purpose; profane. [L. desecro (p.p. desecratus), desecrate; from de, away from, and sacro, make sacred; from sacer, sacred.] SYN. Pervert; prostitute; pollute. ANT. Consecrate; dedicate; sanctify. DESECRATER (des'e-kra-ter), n. One who desecrates. DESECRATION (des-e-kra'shun), n. Act of desecrating; profanation. DESECRATOR (des'e-kra-tiir), n. Same as DESECRATER. DESEGMENTED (de-seg'ment-ed), a. Zool. Void of segmental divisions. DESENSITIZE (de-sen'si-tiz), vt. [pr.p. DESEN'- SITIZING; p.t. and p.p. DESENSITIZED (de-sen'si-tlzd).] Render non-sensitive, es- pecially to light. DESERT (de-zerf), v. [pr.p. DESERT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DESERT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Leave in violation of duty; forsake; abandon. 2. Fail, or cease to help. 3. Mil. and Naval. Quit without leave, as service in the army or navy. II. vi. Forsake a post or quit a service in violation of an obligation to remain; become a deserter. [L. desero (p.p. desertus), desert; from de, away, and sero, join.] SYN. See ABANDON. DESERT (dez'ert), I. a. Deserted; desolate; uninhabited. II. n. Desolate or barren place; wilderness. DESERT (de-zerf), n. 1. Reward or punish- ment deserved or merited. 2. Claim to re- ward; merit. [O. Fr. deserte, p.p. of deservir, deserve.] DESERTER (de-zerfer), n. 1. One who de- serts, forsakes, or abandons a service, cause, party, friend, etc. 2. Mil. and Naval. One who deserts from the service or absents him- self without leave. DESERTION (de-zer'shun), n. 1. Act of de- serting. 2. State of being forsaken or aban- doned. DESERVE (de-zerv'), v. [pr.p. DESERVING; p.t. and p.p. DESERVED (de-zervd').] I. vt. Be worthy of; merit, as reward or punishment, on account of acts, services, or qualities. II. vi. Be worthy or deserving. [L. deservio, serve devotedly; from de (intensive), and servio, serve.] DESERVEDLY (de-zerv'ed-li), adv. According to desert; justly. DESERVER (de-zerv'er), n. One who deserves or merits. DESERVING (de-zerv'Ing), I. a. Meriting; worthy. II. n. Act or Svate of meriting; merit. DESERVINGLY (de-zerv'ing-li), adv. In a de- serving manner; deservedly. DESHABILLE (des-a-bef), n. An undress. See DISHABILLE. [Fr. deshabille, undressed.] DESICCANT (des'i-kant or de-sik'ant), I. a. Drying or tending to dry up. II. n. Med. Application that has the power of drying up, as wounds, etc.; a desiccative. DESICCATE (des'i-kat),v.[pr.p.DES'ICCATING; p.t. and p.p. DES'ICCATED.] I. vt. Dry up; deprive of moisture. II. vi. Grow dry. [L. desicco (p.p. desiccatus), dry up; from de, fully, and siccus, dry.] DESICCATION (des-i-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of desiccating. 2. State of being desiccated. DESICCATIVE (des'i-ka-tiv), I. a. Having the property or quality of drying up or desiccating. II. ro. Med. Application that tends to dry up secretions. DESICCATORY (des'i-ka-to-ri), a. Desiccant; desiccative. DESIDERATA (de-sid-e-ra'ta), n.pl. See DE- SIDERATUM. DESIDERATE (de-sid'gr-at), vt. [pr.p. DE- SIDERATING; p.t. and p.p. DESID'ERATED.] Long for or earnestly desire; want or miss. [L. desidero (p.p. desideratus) , desire.] DESIDERATION (de-sid-6r-a'shun), n. Act of fate, it, ttsl ', fall, fare, ahove: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n—u infacoicb yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DESIDERATIVE 356 DESOLATE desiderating, desiring, longing for, missing, or regretting. DESIDERATIVE (de-sid'er-a-tiv), I. a. 1. Denoting desire. 2. Gram. Expressing de- sire. II. n. Gram. Desiderative verb, a verb formed from another, and expressive of a desire to do the action implied in the primitive verb. DESIDERATUM (de-sid-e-ra'tum), n. [pi. DE- SIDERA'TA.] Something needed or regarded as desirable; anything desired or much wanted. [L.] DESIGN (de-zln'), v. [pr.p. DESIGNING; p.t. and p.p. DESIGNED (de-zlnd').] I. vt. 1. Sketch in visible outline; draw. 2. Plan; project; contrive. 3. Have in contemplation; purpose; intend. 4. Set apart for a purpose; devote. II. vi. Make designs or plans. [Fr. designer, describe; from L. designo, mark, denote; from de, down, and signo, mark.] SYN. Sketch; delineate; propose; pro- ject; prepare; devise; intend; purpose; mean. ANT. Guess; conjecture; chance. DESIGN (de-zin'), n. 1. Drawing or sketch. 2. Plan in outline. 3. Plan or scheme formed in the mind. 4. Purpose designed with evil intention; plot. 5. Any set purpose, intention, or aim. 6. Art of drawing or representing in lines the form of any object. SYN. Sketch; outline; drawing; delinea- tion; plan; model; pattern; invention; con- ception; purpose; intention; project; pro- posal; purport; meaning; scope; drift; ob- ject; device; scheme; plot. ANT. Execution; performance; result; sincerity; simplicity; chance; accident. DESIGNARLE (de-zin'a-bl), a. Capable of being designed. DESIGNARLE (des'ig-na-bi), a. Capable of be- ing designated. DESIGNATE (des'ig-nat), vt. [pr.p. DESIGNA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DESIGNATED.] 1. In- dicate or show by visible marks or signs. 2. Denote or distinguish by name or designation ; name. 3. Appoint; select; assign. [L. desig- natus, p.p. of designo, mark.] SYN. Characterize; describe; specify; de- note; denominate; suggest; delineate; portray; explain; depict. DESIGNATION (des-ig-na'shun), n. 1. A show- ing or pointing out. 2. Name, title or epithet by which a person or thing is designated. 3. Act of appointing or assigning. DESIGNATIVE (des'ig-na-tiv), a. Serving to designate or distinguish. DESIGNATOR (des'ig-na-tur), «. One who des- ignates. DESIGNATORY (des'ig-na-to-ri), a. Same as DESIGNATIVE. DESIGNEDLY (de-zin'ed-li), adv. By design; intentionally. DESIGNER (de-zin'er), n. 1. One who makes designs or patterns. 2. Plotter; schemer. DESIGNING (de-zin'ing), I. a. Artful; sche- ming. II. n. Art Of making designs or patterns. DESIRABILITY (de-zlr-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being desirable; desirableness. DESIRABLE (de-zir'a-bl), a. Worthy of de- sire; pleasing; agreeable. DESIRABLENESS (de-zlr'a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being desirable; desirability. DESIRABLY (de-zlr'a-bli), adv. In a desirable manner or degree. DESIRE (de-zir'), v. [pr.p. DESIR'ING; p.t and p.p. DESIRED (de-zird').] I. vt. 1. Long for the possession of; wish for. 2. Request; ask; entreat. II. vi. Be in a state of desire; wish; long. [Fr. desirer; from L. desidero, long for; from de, away, and sidus, sideris, star.] SYN. Wish; crave; covet; want; ask; request; solicit; entreat. ANT. Loathe; hate; abominate. DESIRE ( de-zir' ), n. 1. Earnest longing for anything; craving; yearning. 2. Prayer or request. 3. Object desired. 4. Concupiscence; lust. DESIRER (de-zir'er), n. One who desires. DESIROUS (de-zir'us), a. Full of desire; anxious to obtain; wishing for. DESIROUSLY (de-zlr'us-li), adv. Eagerly; anxiously. DESIROUSNESS (de-zir'us-nes), n. Quality or state of being desirous. DESIST (de-sisf or de-zist'), vi. [pr.p. DE- SIST'ING; p.*. and p.p. DESIST'ED.] Leave off or discontinue; forbear; stop. [L. desisto; from de, down, and sisto, put or place; from sto, stand.] DESISTENCE (de-sist'ens), n. Act of desisting, ceasing, or leaving off. [L. desistens, pr.p. of desisto, desist.] DESK (desk), n. 1. Table or case adapted for the use of writers, often fitted with pigeon- holes, drawers, and adjustable cover called a roller top. 2. Lectern; pulpit. 3. Clerical position in a mercantile establishment. [Gr. diskos, disk.] DESMAN (des'- man), n. Zool. European musk- rat, genus JMyo- gale. [Sw. des- man, musk.] DESMOGRAPHY (des-mog'ra-fi), n. Anat. Study of the ligaments and tissues in the T , , Desman ( Myogale Moschata) . human system. [Gr. desmos, ligament, and graphia, writing.] DESMOID (des'moid), a. Arranged in bundles; fibrous; ligamentous. [Gr. desmos, ligament, and eidos, form.] DeS MoiNES (de-moin'), n. Capital of Iowa, on Des Moines and Raccoon rivers. DESOLATE (des'o-lat), a. 1. Deprived of or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DESOLATE 357 DESPOIL without inhabitants; deserted. 2. Laid waste; ruined. 3. Forlorn; forsaken; solitary; afflicted; comfortless. [L. desolatur, p.p. of desolo, make lonely; from solus, alone.] SYN. Uninhabited; unfrequented; waste; barren; bleak; dreary; devastated; lonely; bereaved; wretched. ANT. Inhabited; shel- tered ; che erf ul. DESOLATE(des'o-lat), vt. [pr.p. DES'OLATING; p.t. and p.p. DES'OLATED.] 1. Deprive of in- habitants; lay waste. 2. Make solitary or forlorn. DESOLATELY (des'o-lat-li), adv. In a desolate manner. DESOLATENESS (des'o-lat-nes), n. State or quality of being desolate. DESOLATER (des'o-la-ter), n. One who deso- lates; desolator. DESOLATION (des-o-la'shun), n. 1. Act of desolating or making desolate. 2. Desolate state or condition. 3. Place made desolate; waste. SYN. Ruin; devastation; ravage; sadness; gloom; destitution. ANT. Preservation; prosperity; success; cultivation; cheerful- ness. DESOLATOR (des'o-la-tur), n. Same as DESOLATER. DESPAIR (de-spar'), vi. [pr.p. DESPAIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. DESPAIRED (de-spard').] Give up all hope. [L. despero; from de, away, and spero, hope; from spes, hope.] SYN. Despond; faint. ANT. Hope; trust; rally. DESPAIR (de-spar'), n. 1. Loss of all hope; hopelessness. 2. That which causes despair. SYN. Hopelessness; despondency; des- peration; discouragement. ANT. Hopeful- ness; elation; confidence; trust; cheer; courage. DESPAIRING (de-spar'ing), a. 1. Apt to de- spair. 2. Expressing despair. 3. Giving way to despair. DESPAIRINGLY (de-spar'ing-li), adv. In a de- spairing manner. DESPATCH (de-spach'), DISPATCH (dis-pach'), vt. {pr.p. DESPATCHING; p.t. and p.p. DE- SPATCHED (de-spacht').] 1. Send away hastily, as a message, messenger, etc. 2. Execute quickly; perform out of hand. 3. Put to death, especially in an offhand manner. [O. Fr. despechier, hasten.] DESPATCH (de-spach'), DISPATCH (dis-pach'), n. 1. A sending away in haste. 2. Message despatched, as a telegram. 3. Prompt execu- tion or performance; expedition; speed. 4. Speedy system of conveyance. DESPATCHER (de-spach'er), n. One who de- ' spatches. DESPATCHFUL (de-spach'fol), a. 1. Ex- peditious; quick. 2. Indicating or expressive of haste. DESPERADO (des-per-a'do), n. [pi. DESPERA- DOES or DESPERADOS (des-per-a'doz).] One who is reckless of life or property; desperate criminal; marauder. [O. Sp., p.p. of desperar, despair.] DESPERATE (des'per-at), a. 1. Utterly fearless of danger or consequences; reckless; furious. 2. Lost or almost lost; hopeless. 3. Done In despair. 4. Very great; extreme. 5. Law, Hopeless of recovery, as a desperate debt. [L. desperatus, p.p. of despero, despair.] SYN. Audacious; daring; determined; reckless; hopeless; irremediable. ANT. Cool; calm; cautious; resolute; remedi- able; hopeful; promising; propitious. DESPERATELY (des'per-at-li), adv. In a des- perate manner. DESPERATENESS (des'per-at-nes), n. Quality or state of being desperate. DESPERATION (des-per-a'shun), n. 1. Act of despairing. 2. State of despair or hopeless- ness. 3. State of fury and utter recklessness of danger or consequences. DESPICADILITY (des-pi-ka-bil'i-ti), n. Des- picableness. DESPICARLE (des'pi-ka-bl), a. Deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean. [L. despica- bilis; from despicor, despise.] SYN. Vile; low; base; worthless; pitiful; paltry; sordid; degrading; wretched. ANT. Exalted; dignified; honorable; respectable; venerable; grand; mighty; superb. DESPICARLENESS (des'pi-ka-bl-nes^, n. Qual- ity or state of being despicable. DESPICARLY (des'pi-ka-bli), adv. In a des- picable manner. DESPISARLE (de-spi'za-bl), a. Despicable; contemptible. DESPISE (de-spiz'), vt. [pr.p. DESPI'SING; p.t. and p.p. DESPISED (de-spizd').] Feel con- tempt for; contemn; disdain; scorn. [O. Fr. despis, p.p. of despire, despise; from L. despicio; from de, down, and specio, look.] SYN. Neglect; detest; dislike; loathe; abominate; abhor. ANT. Admire; like; es- teem; love. DESPISER (de-spi'zer), n. One who despises. DESPITE (de-spif), I. n. 1. Act of despising. 2. Extreme malice or hatred. II. prep. In spite of; notwithstanding. [O. Fr. despit; from L. despectus, p.p. of despicio, despise.] SYN. Malevolence; vindictiveness; spleen. ANT. Good-will; benevolence; kindliness. DESPITEFUL (de-spit'fol), a. Full of malice; malicious. DESPITEFULLY (de-spit'fol-i), adv. In a de- spiteful or malicious manner. DESPITEFULNESS (de-spit'fol-nes), n. Malice; hatred; malignity. DESPOIL (de-spoil'), vt. [pr.p. DESPOEL'ING; p.t. and p.p. DESPOILED (de-spoild').] Take anything away from by force; plunder; rob. [L. despolio; from de (intensive), and spolium, spoil.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me\ met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii-u in'Scotci. gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DESPOILER 358 DESTRUCTIVE DESPOILER (de-spoiler), n. One who despoils. DESPOLIATION (de-spo-li-a'shun), n. Act of despoiling; pillaging; plundering; spoliation. DESPOND (de-spond), vi. [pr.p. DESPONDING; p.U and p.p. DESPOND'ED.] Lose hope or courage; give way to despair; be dejected. [L. despondeo; from de, from, and spondeo, promise.] DESPONDENCE (de-spond'ens), n. Despond- ency. DESPONDENCY (de-spond'en-si), n. State of being without hope; dejection. DESPONDENT (de-spond'ent), a. Without courage or hope; desponding. DESPONDENTLY (de-spond'ent-li), adv. In a despondent manner. DESPONDINGLY (de-spond'ing-li), adv. In a despondent manner; despairingly. DESPOT (des'pot), n. 1. Ruler invested with absolute power; autocrat. 2. Tyrannical master; tyrant. [Gr. despotes, master.] DESPOTIC (des-pot'ik), DESPOTICAL (des- pot'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or like a despot. 2. Arbitrary; tyrannical. DESPOTICALLY (des-pot'ik-al-i), adv. In a despotic manner. DESPOTISM (des'pot-izm), w. 1. Absolute power; tyranny. 2. Autocratic government. 3. Despotic use of power; arbitrariness. DESPUMATE (des'pu-mat), vi. [pr.p. DES'- PUMATING; p.U and p.p. DES'PUM ATED.] Throw off parts in foam; foam; froth. [L. despumo (p.p. despumatus), skim.] DESPUMATION (des-pu-ma'shun), n. Act or process of despumating. DESQUAMATE (des'kwa-mat), vi. [pr.p. DES'- QUAMATING; p.U and p.p. DESQUAMATED.] Scale off, as the scarf-skin. [L. desquamo (p.p. desquamatus) , scale off; from de, off, and squama, scale.] DESQUAMATION (des-kwa-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of scaling off. 2. Exfoliation of bone. 3. A scaling off of the cuticle or skin. DESSERT (dez-zerf), n. Service of fruit, con- fections, etc., at the close of a meal. [O. Fr. dessert, desservir, clear the table; from des 9 away, and servir, serve.] DESSERT-SPOON ( dez-zert'spon ), n. Spoon smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a teaspoon. DESTINATION (des-ti-na'shun), n. 1. Place or point to which a person or animal is going, or to which anything is sent. 2. Purpose or end to which anything is destined or ap- pointed; end; purpose; design; doom; fate. 3. Act of destining, appointing or designing. DESTINE (des'tin), vt. [pr.p. DES'TINING; p.U and p.p. DESTINED (des'tind).] 1. Appoint or set aside to any use. 2. Predetermine the fate of; doom; fate. [L. destino; from de, down, and sto, stand.] SYN. Purpose; intend; design; devote; consecrate. ANT. Alienate; divorce; divest. DESTINY (des'ti-ni), n. 1. Purpose or end to which any person or thing is destined or ap- pointed. 2. Unavoidable fate; invincible necessity; doom. — The Destinies. Class. Myth. The Fates, or supposed powers that appor- tion, spin out, and finish off the lots or for- tunes of men. DESTITUTE (des'ti-tut), a. 1. Devoid. 2. Lacking the necessaries of life; poor and needy; indigent. [L. d est it at us, p.p. of destituo, leave alone; from de, away, and statuo, place.] DESTITUTION (des-ti-tu'shun), n. State of being destitute; poverty. DESTROY (de-stroi), vt. [pr.p. DESTROYING; p.U and p.p. DESTROYED (de-stroid').] 1. Pull down; ruin; put an end to. 2. Overthrow; subvert. 3. Lay waste; devastate; ravage. 4. Slay; kill. 5. Extirpate. 6. Chem. Re- solve into its parts or elements. [L. destruo; from de, down, and struo, build.] SYN. Demolish annihilate. ANT. Re- store; preserve; conserve; repair. DESTROYER (de-stroi'er), n. 1. One who or that which destroys. 2. Torpedo-boat de- stroyer. U. S. Torpedo-boat Destroyer "Berry." DESTRUCTIBILITY (de-struk-ti-bil'i-ti ), n. Capability of or liability to destruction. DESTRUCTIBLE ( de-struk'ti-bl), a. 1. Capable of being destroyed. 2. Liable to destruction. DESTRUCTION (de-struk'shun), «. 1. Act of destroying, or state of being destroyed; demolition; ruin. 2. That which destroys; cause of destruction. [L. destructio; from de- structus, p.p. of destruo, destroy.] DESTRUCTIONIST (de-struk'shun-ist), n. 1. One who destroys; a destructive. 2. Theol. One who believes in the final annihilation of the wicked. DESTRUCTIVE (de-struk'tiv), I. a. Causing or tending to destruction; ruinous; deadly; disintegrating. II. n. 1. One who is given or inclined to destruction. 2. One who favors the destruction or subversion of existing in- stitutions. ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; n5te, not, mSve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, li=tt in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. DESTRUCTIVELY 359 DETER STN. Hurtful; injurious; deleterious; noxious; baleful; baneful; hurtful; bad; evil. ANT. Beneficial; salutary; whole- some. DESTRUCTIVELY (de-struk'tiv-11), adv. In a destructive manner. DESTRUCTIVENESS (de-struk'tiv-nes), n. 1. Quality or state of being destructive. 2. Phren. Organ whose function is a propensity to de- stroy. DESTRUCTIVIST (de-struk'tiv-ist), n. A rep- resentative of destructive principles, as in Biblical criticism. DESTRUCTOR (de-struk'tur), n. Furnace for burning up refuse; destroyer. DESUCRATION (de-su-kra'shun), n. Removal of all saccharine matter. [DE and SUCROSE.] DESUDATION (des-u-da/shun), n. Profuse or morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of small pimples, usually affecting children. [L. desudatio; from desudo, sweat freely.] DESUETUDE (des'we-tud), n. Discontinuance or cessation of custom, habit, practice, or use; state or condition of disuse. [L. desuetudo, disuse.] DESULTORILY (des'ul-to-ri-li), adv. In a desultory manner. DESULTORINESS (des'ul-to-ri-nes), n. Quality or state of being desultory. DESULTORY (des'ul-to-ri), a. 1. Passing at random from one thing to another. 2. With- out rational or logical connection. 3. Occur- ring abruptly and suddenly. [L. desultorius, Inconstant; from desultor, vaulter; from de, down, and salio, leap.] SYN. Cursory; slight; hasty; loose; in- exact; erratic; unmethodical; discursive; disconnected; inconstant; unsettled; fitful; spasmodic. ANT. Consecutive; systematic; exact. DETACH (de-tach'), v. [pr.p. DETACH'ING; p.t. and p.p. DETACHED (de-tacht').] I. vt. 1. Disconnect; disengage; sever; separate. 2. Send off on special service, as troops. II. vi. Become detached. [Fr. detacher; from de (negative), and attacher, fasten.] DETACHABLE (de-tach'a-bl), a. Capable of being detached. DETACHED (de-tachf), a. Separated; disen- gaged. DETACHMENT (de-tach'ment), n. 1. State of being detached. 2. That which is detached, as a body of troops for special service. DETAIL (de-tal'), v. [pr.p. DETAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. DETAILED (de-tald').] I. vt. 1. Relate minutely; enumerate; particularize. 2. Detach or appoint for any particular service. II. vi. Give details about anything. [O. Fr. detainer; from de (intensive), and tailler, cut.] DETAIL (de-tal' or de'tal), n. 1. Small part; particular; item; minor circumstance. 2. Circumstantial account or narration. 3. Mil. Body of men detailed for some special duty. 4. Fine Arts. Minor part. — In detail, mi- nutely; particularly; circumstantially. DETAIN (de-tan'), vt. [pr.p. DETAINING; p.t. and p.p. DETAINED (de-tand').] 1. Restrain from proceeding; delay; stop. 2. Keep in custody. 3. Withhold; retain. [L. detineo; from de, from, and teneo, hold.] DETAINER (de-tan'er), n. 1. One who detains. 2. The keeping or holding possession of that which belongs to another. 3. Eng. Law. Writ directing that a prisoner be detained in custody pending further proceedings. — For- cible detainer. Law. The taking or keeping possession of lands and tenements without the authority of law. DETECT (de-tekf), vt. [pr.p. DETECTING; p.t. and p.p. DETECT'ED.] 1. Catch in the act; discover. 2. Bring to light; find out; expose. 3. Chem. Disclose the presence of, as an element, by means of characteristic chemical reactions. [L. detego (p.p. detectus), uncover, expose; from de, from and tego, cover.] SYN. Descry; unmask; expose. ANT. Miss; overlook; screen. DETECTABLE (de-tekt'a-bl), a. Capable of being detected. DETECTER (de-tekt'er), n. One who or that which detects; detector. DETECTION (de-tek'shun), n. 1. Discovery of something concealed or unknown. 2. State of being found out or detected. DETECTIVE (de-tekt'iv), I. o. Employed or fitted for detection. II. n. One employed in the investigation of special cases of crime, or in watching special classes of wrong-doers, usually not in uniform. DETECTOR (de-tekt'ur), n. 1. One who detects anything. 2. Device for detecting or disclosing the condition or nature of anything. 3. Flee. Device made of plati- num rods placed in a mercury bath attached to the tantalum wires in wireless telegraphy to detect the presence of electrolytic action or of electrolysis. DETENT (de-tenf), n. Something to check motion; catch, especially in a clock or watch. [Fr. detente; from L. detentus, a holding back.] DETENTION (de-ten'shun), n. 1. Act of de- taining, keeping back or withholding. 2. Act of detaining or keeping in custody or con- finement. 3. Act of delaying or stopping from proceeding. 4. State of being detained, in any sense. [Fr. detention; from L. detentio, from detentus, p.p. of detineo, hold back, detain.] DETER (de-te>'), vt. [pr.p. DETERRING; p.t. and p.p. DETERRED (de-terd').] Frighten Tantalum Detector. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfi, in Scotch loch. DETERGE 360 DETOUR from any act; restrain from proceeding by prohibition, danger, fear, etc. [L. deterreo; from de, from, and terreo, frighten.] DETERGE (de-terj), vt. [pr.p. DETERGING; p.t. and p.p. DETERGED (de-terjd').] Cleanse, as a wound or sore. [L. detergeo; from de, from, and terego, wipe.] DETERGENT (de-ter'jent), I. a. Having the power to cleanse; detersive. II. n. Cleansing or clearing medicine or preparation. DETERIORATE (de-te'ri-o-rat), v. [pr.p. DE- TERIORATING; p.t. and p.p. DETERIO- RATED.] I. vt. Make worse; reduce or lower in quality or value. II. vi. Grow worse; be reduced in quality or value. [L. deterioro (p.p. deterioratus) , make worse.] DETERIORATION (de-te-ri-o-ra'shun), n. Act or process of deteriorating. DETERMENT (de-ter'ment), n. 1. Act of de- terring. 2. That which deters. DETERMINABLE (de-ter'min-a-bl), a. 1. Ca- pable of being determined. 2. Law. That may be terminated or ended, as a determina- ble freehold, an estate for life which may ex- pire upon future contingencies before the life for which it was created expires. DETERMINANT (de-ter'mi-nant), I. n. That which serves to determine. II. a. Deter- minative. DETERMINATE (de-ter'min-at), c. 1. Deter- mined; fixed; defined. 2. Settled; positive. — Determinate problem, Oeom. Problem that admits of but a limited number of solutions. [L. determinants, p.p. of determino, limit, determine.] DETERMINATELY (de-ter'min-at-li), adv. In a determinate manner. DETER3IINATION (de-ter-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act of deciding or settling. 2. That which is decided or resolved on. 3. Firmness of pur- pose; resolution. 4. Decision of character. 5. Settlement by a judicial decision. 6. Direc- tion to a certain end. 7. Chem. Ascertain- ment of proportion of any element or chemical compound in a substance. 8. Law. The putting an end to, as the determination of an estate or interest. 9. Pathol. Rapid flow, as of blood to the brain or any particular part of the body. 10. Logic. Definition. 11. Nat. HisU Classification. STN. Decision; resolution; resolve. ANT. Indecision; hesitation; irresolution. DETERMINATIVE (de-ter'min-a-tiv), I. a. Tending or serving to determine, limit, or define. II. n. A determinant. DETERMINATOR (de-ter'min-a-tur), n. One who determines or decides. DETERMINE (de-ter'min), v. [pr.p. DETER- MINING; p.t. and p.p. DETERMINED (de- t6r'mind).] I. vt. 1. Put terms or bounds to; limit. 2. Fix or settle the form or char- acter of. 3. Put an end to. 4. Decide ; settle. 5. Give direction or impulse to. 6. Resolve or decide on. 7. Chem. Ascertain the amount or proportion of. II. vi. 1. Come to a decision; resolve. 2. Come to an end; ter- minate. [L. determino; from de, fully, and termino, limit.] DETERMINED (de-ter'mind), a. 1. Having a firm and fixed purpose; resolved. 2. Marked by determination; bold; unflinching; resolute. DETERMINEDLY (de-ter'mind-li), adv. In a determined manner. DETERMINER (de-ter'min-er), ». One who determines or decides. DETERRENT (de-ter'ent), I. a. Serving to deter. II. n. That which deters or is intended to deter. [See DETER.] DETERSION (de-ter'shun), n. Act of cleansing. [See DETERGE.] DETERSIVE (de-ter'siv), I. o. Cleansing; de- tergent. II. n. Cleansing medicine ; detergent. DETEST (de-test), vt. [pr.p. DETESTING; p.U and p.p. DETESTED.] Hate intensely; abomi- nate. [L. detestor, execrate; from de (in- tensive), and testis, witness.] SYN. See DESPISE. DETESTABILITY (de-test-a-bil'i-ti), n. Detest- ableness. DETESTABLE (de-test'a-bl), a. Deserving of extreme hate; abominable; hateful. DETESTABLENESS (de-test'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being detestable. DETESTABLY (de-test'a-bli), adv. In a de- testable manner. DETESTATION (det-es-ta'shun), n. Feeling of extreme hatred, abhorrence, or loathing. DETESTER (de-test'er), n. One who detests. DETHRONE (de-thron), vt. [pr.p. DETHRO'- NING; p.t. and p.p. DETHRONED (de- thrond').] Remove from a throne; depose. DETHRONEMENT (de-thron'ment), n. Act of dethroning or deposing. DETHRONER (de-thro'ner), n. One who de- thrones. DETINUE (det'i-nu), n. Law. Form of an action for the recovery of personal property unlaw- fully detained, and damages for their unlawful detention. [Fr. detenu, p.p. of detenir, detain.] DETONATE (det'o-nat), v. [pr.p. DET'ONA- TING; p.t. and p.p. DETONATED.] I. vt. Cause to explode with a loud report. II. vi. Explode with a loud report. [L. detono (p.p. detonatus), thunder; from de (intensive), and tono, thunder.] DETONATION (det-o-na'shun), n. Explosion with a loud or sharp report. DETONATOR (det'o-na-tur), n. 1. Detonating substance. 2. Device for exploding a detona- ting substance. DETORSION (de-tar'shun), n. Act of untwisting or removing torsion. DETOUR (da-tor'), n. Roundabout way; a deviation from the direct road. [Fr.; from detourner, turn away; from de, away, and tourner, turn.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. DETRACT 361 DEVELOP DETRACT (de-trakf), v. [pr.p. DETRACTING; p.t. and p.p. DETRACTED.] I. vt. Take away; derogate; disparage. II. vi. Take away from the good name or reputation of a person or thing; resort to or be guilty of detraction. [L. detrdho (p.p. detractus), draw away; from de, away, and traho, draw.] SYN. See DECRY. DETRACTER (de-trakt'er), n. Same as DE- TRACTOR. DETRACTINGLY (de-trakt'ing-li), adv. In a detracting, disparaging, or defamatory man- ner. DETRACTION (de-trak'shun), n. Act of de- tracting; depreciation; disparagement; defa- mation; slander. DETRACTIVE (de-trakt'iv), a. Depreciating; disparaging. DETRACTOR (de-trakt'Cir ), n. [fern. DE- TRACT'RESS.] One who detracts; defamer. DETRACTORY (de-trakt'o-ri), a. Same as DETRACTIVE. DETRACTRESS (de-trakt'res), n. Woman who detracts from the good name or character of another. DETRAIN (de-tran'), v. [pr.p. DETRAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DETRAINED (de-trand').] I. vt. Cause to alight from a railway train. II. vi. Alight from a train. DETRIMENT (det'ri-ment), n. 1. Diminution; damage; injury; loss. 2. Cause of injury, loss, etc. [L. detrimentum; from detritus, p.p. of detero, rub away; from de, away, and tero, rub.] SYN. Injury; hurt; harm; disadvantage; damage; prejudice; mischief; loss. ANT. Enhancement; improvement; augmenta- tion; service; remedy. DETRIMENTAL (det-ri-ment'al), o. Causing detriment; injurious; hurtful. DETRITAL (de-tfl'tal), a. Of or pertaining to detritus. DETRITION (de-trish'un), n. A wearing away or gradual rubbing off. DETRITUS (de-tri'tus), n. Geol. 1. Mass of substance gradually rubbed or worn off solid bodies. 2. Broken or loosened fragments; waste; rubbish. [L., p.p. of detero, rub away.] DETROIT (de-troif), n. Chief city of State of Michigan, on Detroit River. DETROIT RlVER. Between Michigan and Canada, from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie. DETRUDE (de-trod'), vt. [pr.p. DETRUDING; p.t. and p.p. DETRU'DED.] Push or thrust down or out; forcibly exclude. [L. detrudo, push down.] DETRUNCATE (de-trung'kat), vt. [pr.p. DE- TRUNCATING; p.t. and p.p. DETRUN- CATED.] Shorten by cutting or lopping; cut or lop off. [L. detrunco (p.p. detruncatus) , lop; from de, away, from, and trunco, lop.] DETRUNCATION (de-trung-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of detruncating. 2. Surg. Excision. DEUCALION (du-ka'li-on), n. Greek Myth. Son of Prometheus; saved from a deluge in a chest with his wife Pyrrha and landed at Mount Parnassus; to repeople the earth they threw stones behind them, those of Deucalion be- coming men and those of his wife women. DEUCE (dus), n. 1. Card with two spots or suit figures. 2. Side of die marked with two spots. 3. Lawn tennis. Term denoting that each side has gained three points ("forty all"). [Fr. deux; from L. duo, two.] DEUCE (dus), n. The devil. [O. Fr. deus; from L. deus, god.] DEUTERANOPIA (du-ter-a-no'pi-a), n. Form of color-blindness in which red and green ap- pear gray, and the brightest part of the spec- trum is in the normal yellow. [Gr. deuteros, second, and ops, eye.] DEUTEROGAMIST (du-ter-og'a-mist), n. One who marries a second time. DEUTEROGAMY (du-ter-og'a-mi), n. Second marriage. [Gr. deuteros, second, and gamos, marriage.] DEUTOPLASM (du'to-plazm), n. Biol. Portion of the yolk of an ovum or egg which furnishes nourishment for the embryo and its accesso- ries. [Gr. deuteros, second, and plasma, for- mation.] DEUTOXIDE (du-toks'id), n. Chem. Old name for a compound of two parts of oxygen with one of a base; dioxid. [Gr. deuteros, second, and OXIDE.] DEVASTATE (dev'as-tat), vt. [pr.p. DEVAS- TATING; p.t. and p.p. DEVASTATED.] Lay waste; ravage. [L. devasto (p.p. devastatus), devastate; from de, fully, and vasto, lay waste; from vastus, waste.] SYN. See DESPOIL. DEVASTATION (dev-as-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of devastating. 2. State of being devastated; havoc; despoliation. 3. Law. Waste of the goods of a deceased person by the executor or administrator. DEVASTATOR (dev'as-ta-tur), n. One who devastates. DEVASTAVIT (dev-as-ta'vit), n. Law. Writ which lies against an executor or adminis- trator who wastes or misapplies the goods of the deceased. [L., he has wasted.] DEVELOP (de-vel'up), v. [pr.p. DEVELOP- ING; p.t. and p.p. DEVELOPED (de-vel'upt).] 1. vt. 1. Lay open by degrees; unroll; unfold. 2. Promote the growth of. 3. Bring to light gradually; uncover; disclose. 4. Biol. En- able to evolve what is latent or in embryo. 5. Math. Change the form of, by the carrying out of certain indicated operations, without changing the value of. Thus, in the equation (a- + «) 3 = x 3 + 3ax* + 3a 2 x + a 3 the first member is the indicated cube of x + a, and the second member its development. 6. Photog. Make visible by chemical applica- tions, said of the image produced in the fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DEVELOPABLE 36; DEVISEE camera or under a negative. II. vi. 1. Grow; expand; open out; evolve. 2. Become visible, known, or manifest. [Fr. developper; from dt, apart, and (en)velopper, envelop.] SYN. Educe; amplify; enlarge. ANT. Contract; restrict; narrow. DEVELOPABLE (de-vel'up-a-bl), a. Capable of being developed. DEVELOPER (de-vel'up-er), w. 1. One who or that which develops. 2. Photog. Chem- ical application for developing photo- graphs. DEVELOPMENT (de-vel'up-ment), n. 1. Act or process of developing. 2. State or condition of being developed. 3. Biol. Series of changes in the growth from first to last of an organized being. 4. Math. The expression of a function in the form of a series. 5. Photog. Process of bringing the features of a picture into dis- tinction. — Development theory. Biol. Theory which ascribes an innate expansive power to the organized universe, and traces the most complex forms by intermediate links from the simplest, without the intervention of special acts of creation; evolution. DEVELOPMENTAL (de-vel-up-men'tal), a. 1. Pertaining to development. 2. Formed by development. DEVEST (de-vest'), v. [pr.p. DEVEST'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEVEST'ED.] I. vt. Law. Deprive of; alienate as to title or right. II. vi. Be lost or alienated, as title or estate. [Form of DIVEST.] DEVIATE (de'vi-at), vi. [pr.p. DE'VIATING; p.t. and p.p. DE'VIATED.] 1. Turn aside from the way. 2. Swerve or stray from the path of duty. 3. Diverge; differ. [L. devio (p.p. deviatus), go out of the way; from de 9 from, and via, way.] SYN. Digress; wander; depart. ANT. Continue; advance. DEVIATION (de-vi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of de- viating. 2. Result of having deviated. — De- viation of the compass, departure of a ship's compass from the true magnetic meridian, caused by the presence of iron. DE VIATOR (de'vi-a-tur), n. One who deviates. DEVICE (de-vis'), n. 1. Something devised for a particular use; contrivance. 2. Plan; plot; scheme; stratagem. 3. Motto attached to or fitted for an emblem. 4. Fashion, design, style, or workmanship of anything. 5. Skill or faculty of devising; inventive genius. 6. Any piece of work made or conceived with art and skill. [O. Fr. devise ; from L. L. divisa, division, mark, device.] SYN. See CONTRIVANCE. DEVIL (dev'l), n. 1. Supreme spirit of evil; Satan. 2. Any evil spirit. 3. False god, or idol. 4. Very wicked person. 5. Fellow — used as an expression of mingled pity and contempt, as, "poor devil." 6. Printer's errand boy. 7. Rag-tearing machine. 8. Dish of highly seasoned cold meat. [A. S. dedfol; from Gr. diabolos.] DEVIL (dev'l), vt. [pr.p. DEV'DLING; p.t. and p.p. DEVILED (dev'ld).] 1. Make devilish. 2. Grill with cayenne pepper or other condi- ment. 3. Cut up or tear, as rags, in a devil or tearing machine. DEVIL-FISH (dev'1-flsh), n. 1. Any of various species of large ray. 2. One of various ugly marine fishes, such as the angler or fishing-frog, the' cuttlefish or octo- pus, etc. DEVILISH (dev'l- ish), a. Fiendish; Eagle Ray Dev il-fish (Raja malignant; diabol- erinacea). ical; infernal. DEVILISHLY (dev'1-ish-li), adv. Like a devil; diabolically; infernally. DEVILISHNESS (dev'1-ish-nes), n. Quality or character befitting a devil. DEVILMENT(dev'l-ment), n. Mischief; roguery; deviltry. DEVTL'S-DARNING-NEEDLE(dev-lz-darn'ing- ne-dl), n. 1. Zool. Dragon-fly. 2. Bot. Venus' s comb, the Scandix pecten. DEVILTRY (dev'1-tri), n. Wanton mischief; devilment. DEVIL-WORSHIP (dev'1-wur-ship), n. Rude homage paid by primitive tribes to the devil or spirit of evil, in the simple-hearted belief that he could be flattered out of doing them mischief. DEVIOUS (de'vi-us), a. 1. Out of the usual track; wandering; winding; rambling. 2. Wandering from the path of duty; straying; erring. [L. devius; from de, from, and via, way.] DEVIOUSLY (de'vi-us-li), adv. In a devious, wandering manner. DEVIOUSNESS (de'vi-us-nes), n. Quality of being devious. DEVIRILIZE (de-vir'il-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEVIR'DL- IZING; p.t. and p.p. DEVIR'ILIZED (de-vir'- il-izd).] Deprive of vitality, vigor, or force. [DE-, VIRILE, and -IZE.] DEVISABLE (de-vi'za-bl), a. Capable of being devised. DEVISAL (de-vi'zal), n. 1. Act or mode of de- vising. 2. State of being devised. DEVISE (de-viz'), v. [pr.p. DEVI'SING; p.t. and p.p. DEVISED (de-vizd').] I. vt. 1. Think out carefully or ingeniously; contrive; invent; plan; scheme. 2. Law. Bequeath or give by will — used of landed estates as distinguished from personalty. II. vi. Contrive; plan. [Fr. deviser; from L. divisus p.p. of divido, divide.] DEVISE (de-viz'), n. Law. 1. Act of giving real estate by will. 2. Land given by will. 3. Will, or clause of will, bequeathing real estate. DEVISEE (dev-i-ze'), n. One to whom real estate is willed. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n6te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DEVISER DEXTER DEVISER (de-vi'zer), n. One who devises or contrives; contriver. DEVISOR (de-vi'zur), n. One who gives any- thing by will, especially real estate. DEVITALIZATION (de-vi-tal-i-za'shun), n. Act of devitalizing or state of being devitalized. DEVITALIZE (de-vl'tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEVITAL- IZING; p.t. and p.p. DEVITALIZED (de-vT- tal-izd).] Deprive of vitality or life-giving qualities. DEVOCALIZE (de-vo'kal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. DE- VOCALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEVOCALIZED (d5-vo'kal-izd).] 1. Make voiceless. 2. Re- duce the vowel element of, as a sound or syllable. DEVOID (de-void'), a. Not possessing; destitute; wanting: used with of, as devoid of sense. [O. Fr. desvoidicr, empty out; from des, away, and voidier, empty.] DEVOIR (de-vwar' or de-vwar'), n. Act of civility or politeness; service; duty; usually In the plural, respects, regards. [Fr.] DEVOLVE (de-volv), v. [pr.p. DEVOLVING; p.t. and p.p. DEVOLVED (de-volvd').] I. vt. Deliver over; hand down; transfer. II. vi. Become incumbent; fall by succession. [L. devolvo; from de, down, and volvo, roll.] DEVOLVEMENT (de-volv'ment), n. Act or process of devolving. DEVOTE (de-vot), vt. [pr.p. DEVO'TING; p.t. and p.p. DEVO'TED.] 1. Set apart or dedicate by solemn act; consecrate. 2. Give wholly upi give or surrender without reserve. 3. Apply assiduously. 4. Doom; consign. [L. devoveo (p.p. devotus) ; from de, away, and voveo, vow.] SYN. See DEDICATE. DEVOTED (de-vo'ted), a. 1. Given up, as by a vow. 2. Doomed. 3. Strongly attached. 4. Ardent; zealous. DEVOTEDLY (de-vo'ted-li), adv. In a devoted manner. DEVOTEDNESS (de-vo'ted-nes), n. State of being devoted. DEVOTEE (dev-o-te'), n. One wholly or zeal- ously devoted, especially to religion; votary; zealot. DEVOTER (de-vo'ter), n. One who devotes, dedicates, or sets apart. DEVOTION (de-vd'shun), n. 1. Act of devoting. 2. State of being devoted. 3. Act of reverence or worship done to the Supreme Being; prayer. 4. Strong affection or attachment. SYN. Dedication; devoutness; piety; con- secration; self-sacrifice; attachment. ANT. Selfishness; impiety. DEVOTIONAL (de-vo'shun-al), a. Of or per- taining to devotion. DEVOTIONALLY (de-vo'shun-al-i), adv. In a devotional manner; toward devotion. DEVOUR (de-vowr'), vt. [pr.p. DEVOTJR'ING; p.t. and p.p. DEVOURED (de-vowrd').] 1. Swallow greedily; eat up. 2. Consume or waste with violence. 3. Take into the mind or senses with eagerness and avidity. [L. devoro; from de, fully, and voro, devour.] SYN. Consume; eat; gorge; swallow. ANT. Disgorge; vomit. DEVOURER (de-vowr'er), n. One who or that which devours. DEVOURINGLY (de-vowr'ing-li), adv. With eagerness and avidity. DEVOUT (de-vowf), a. 1. Devoted to religion and piety; pious; religious. 2. Filled with devotion; expressing devotion. 3. Sincere; earnest; heartfelt. [O. Fr. devot; from L. de- votus, p.p. of devoveo; from de, away, and voveo, vow.] SYN. Holy; religious; prayerful. ANT. Worldly-minded; irreligious; impious; pro- fane. DEVOUTLY (de-vowt'li), adv. In a devout manner. DEVOUTNESS (de-vowt'nes), n. Quality or state of being devout. DEW (du), n. Moisture deposited from the air on cooling, especially at night, in minute drops upon the surface of objects. [A. S. dSaw.] DEW (dxl), vt. [pr.p. DEWING; p.t. and p.p. DEWED (dud).] Wet with dew; bedew. DEWBERRY (du'ber-i), n. [pi. DEWBERRIES.] Hot. 1. Fruit of a species of English bramble or black- berry, the Rubus cmsisu, hav- ing a bluish dew-like bloom; also the plant. 2. The low blackberry, the Rubus Cana- densis, of the United and Canada; also the DEW-CLAW (du'kla), n. mentary claw or hoof. DEWDROP (du'drop), n. of dew. DEWINESS (du'i-nes), n. of being dewy, or wet with dew. DEWLAP (du'Iap), n. Loose fold of skin under the throat of cattle; anything of a like nature, as the fleshy wattle of the turkey, etc. DEW-POINT (du'point), n. Temperature at which dew begins to form. DEW-RETTING (du'ret-ing), n. Process of rotting away the gummy part of hemp or flax by exposure on the grass to dew and rain. [DEW and RETTING.] DEWY (du'i), a. 1. Full of or accompanied with dew. 2. Covered with dew. 3. Refreshing, like dew. 4. Bot. Having the appearance of being covered with dew. DEXIOCARDIA (deks-i-o-kar'di-a), n. Tera- tology. Congenital condition in which the heart is transposed to the right side of the thorax. [Gr. dexios, on the right side, and kardia, heart.] DEXTER (deks'ter), a. 1. Pertaining to or situated on the right-hand side; right. 2. Her. Situated on the right; the right; as the dexter States plant. Rudl- Drop State Dewberry. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DEXTERITY 3G4 DIACOUSTICS side of a shield is that opposite the left hand of the spectator. 3. Auspicious; favorable; propitious. [L. dexter, right.] DEXTERITY (deks-ter'i-ti), n. 1. Bodily or physical expertness or skill, especially of the hands. 2. Mental quickness or readiness; adroitness; cleverness; tact. [L. dexteritas; from dexter, right; from Gr. dexiteros, right, as opposed to left.] SYN. Expertness; aptitude; adroitness; skill. ANT. Awkwardness; clumsiness; mal- adroitness. DEXTEROUS (deks'ter-us), DEXTROUS (deks'- trus), a. 1. Expert or skilled in any manual employment. 2. Quick and ready mentally. 3. Done or managed with dexterity. DEXTEROUSLY (deks'ter-us-li), DEXTROUS- LY(deks'trus-li), adv. In a dexterous manner. DEXTEROUSNESS (deks'ter-us-nes), DEX- TROUSNESS (deks'trus-nes), n. Quality of being dexterous. DEXTRAL(deks'tral),a. Right, as opposed to left. DEXTRAL1TY (deks-tral'i-ti), n. Right-hand- edness. DEXTRIN, DEXTRINE (deks'trin), n. Chem. Starch altered by the action of acids, diastase, or heat till it loses its gelatinous character, so called because when viewed through polarized light it turns the plane of polariza- tion to the right. [Fr. ; from L. dexter, right. ] DEXTRO-, prefix. Used in composition to sig- nify the turning of the plane of a ray of polarized light to the right. [L. dexter, right.] DEXTRO-GYRATE (deks-tro-ji'rat), a. Causing to turn toward the right. [DEXTRO- and GYRATE.] DEXTRORSE (deks-trars') s DEXTRORSAL (deks-trars'al), a. Rising from right to left, as a spiral line, climber, helix, etc. [L. dextrorsum, contr. of dextrovorsum; from dexter, right, and vorsum, versum, turned.] DEXTROSE (deks'tros), n. Grape-sugar, so called from its dextro-gyrate property of causing a ray of polarized light to rotate to the right. [L. dexter, right, and -OSE.] DEY (da), n. Formerly, title of the governor of Algiers. [Turk, ddi, uncle.] DHARMA (dar'ma), n. 1. The righteousness that underlies the law. 2. The law of Buddha. [Sans.] DHAURA (dow'ra), n. Bot. Species of East Indian sapan or dye- wood. [Hind.] DHOLE (dol), n. Wild dog of India. [East In- dian.] DHOOLY, DOOLIE (do'li), n. [Hind. d6U.] DHOORRA, DURRA (dor'a), n. Indian millet or Guinea corn, cultivated as a cereal in Asia, Africa, and the south of Europe. [Ar. dJwrra.] Dhole (Canis dukhu- nensis) . Covered litter. DHOW (dow), n. a single mast and a lateen sail. [Ar.] DI-, prefix. Twice; two; two-fold; double; doubly. [Gr. di-, for dis-, twice.] DI-, prefix, asunder. DIS-.] DI-, prefix. Arab coasting vessel, having Apart ; [Form of Form of DIA- before a vowel. DIA-, prefix. Apart; separate ; between; through; thor- oughly, as in diabetes. DIABETES (di-a-be'tez), Dhow. [Gr. dia, through.] n. Pathol. Disease marked by a morbid and excessive discharge of urine, which is always saccharine. [Gr.; from dia, through, and baino, go.] DIABETIC (di-a-bet'ik), DIABETICAL (di-a- bet'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to diabetes. DIABLERIE, DIABLERY (di-a'ble-ri), n. The black art; magic; sorcery. [Fr. diablerie; from diable, devil.] DIABOLIC (dl-a-bol'ik), DIABOLICAL (di-a- bol'ik-al), a. Devilish. [Gr. diabolikos; from diabolos, the devil.] DIABOLICALLY (di-a-bol'ik-al-i), adv. In a diabolical manner. DIABOLICALNESS (di-a-bol'ik-al-nes), n. Qual- ity of being diabolical. DIABOLISM (di-ab'o-lizm), n. 1. Diabolical conduct or spirit. 2. Diablerie. DIABOLO (di-ab'o-16), n. Game played with a double cone joined at the apex of each, tossed up in the air or from player to player and caught on a string attached to two short wooden sticks or wands. DIACAUSTIC (di-a-kastik), I. a. 1. Optics. Pertaining to curves formed by the intersec- tion of rays of refracted light. 2. Surg. Cauterizing by refraction, as with a burning- lens. II. n. 1. Double convex lens, used in cauterizing parts of the body. 2. Curve formed by the intersections of rays of refracted light. [DIA- and CAUSTIC] DIACHYMA (di-ak'i-ma), n. Bot. Parenchyma of leaves. [Gr. dia, through, and chyma, juice.] DIAGONAL (dl-ak'o-nal), a. Of or pertaining to a deacon or the diaconate. DIACONATE (di-ak'o-nat), n. 1. Office or dignity of a deacon. 2. Body of deacons collectively. [L. diaconus, deacon.] DIACOUSTIC (di-a-kos'tik), a. Pertaining to the refraction of sound through various mediums. [DI- (through), and ACOUSTIC] DIACOUSTICS (di-a-kos'tiks), n. Branch of physics that deals with refracted sounds. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute hut, burn, \i=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=eA in Scotch loch. DIACRITIC 365 DIALOGIC ALLY DIACRITIC (di-a-krit'ik), I. a. Diacritical. II. n. Diacritical mark. [Gr. diakritikos; from diakrind, distinguish; from dia, between, and krind, distinguish.] DIACRITICAL (di-a-krit'ik-al), a. Distinguish- ing — as a diacritical mark used to distinguish letters that are similar in form, or the different sounds of a letter. DIACTINIC (di-ak-tin'ik), a. Transmitting the actinic rays. [DI- and ACTINIC] DIADEM (di'a-dem), n . 1. Band for the head, anciently worn as an emblem of sovereignty. 2. Anything worn on the head as a badge of royalty; crown. 3. Sovereign power. [Gr. diadema; from dia, through, and deo, bind.] DIADEM (di'a-dem), vt. [pr.p. DIADEMING; p.t. and p.p. DIADEMED (dl'a-demd).] Adorn with a diadem. DIADEXIS (di-a-deks'is), n . Pathol. Transfor- mation of one disease into another, differing both in location and character. [Gr. dia, through, and dechomai, receive.] DIURESIS (di-er'e-sis), n. [pi. DLERESES (di-er'e-sez).] Same as DIERESIS. DIAGLTPH (dl'a-glif), n. An intaglio. [Gr. dia, through, and glypho, carve.] DIAGLYPHIC (dl-a-glif'ik), a. Sculpt, and Engrav. Sunk into the general ground or surface. DIAGNOSE (dl-ag-nos'), vt. [pr.p. DIAGNO'- SING; p.t. and p.p. DIAGNOSED (di-ag- nost').] Med. Ascertain from symptoms; make a diagnosis of, as a disease. DIAGNOSIS (dl-ag-nd'sis), n. [pi. DIAGNO'SES.] 1. Med. A scientific determination of the distinctive nature of a disease by its symptoms. 2. Short distinctive description. [Gr. diagno- sis; from dia, between, and gnosis, inquiry; from gignosko, know.] DIAGNOSTIC (di-ag-nos'tik), I. a. Distinguish- ing; characteristic. II. n. Sign or symptom by which anything is known, discriminated, or distinguished from anything else. DIAGNOSTICS (di-ag-nos'tiks), n. Branch of medicine to which the skill in noting and in- terpreting symptoms belongs. DIAGOMETER (dl-a-gom'e-ter), n . Blec. Ap- paratus for ascertaining the electrical con- ductivity of metals and other substances. [Gr. diago, transmit, and -METER.] DIAGONAL (dl-ag'o-nal), I. a. 1. Crossing in an angular or oblique direction. 2. Geom. Extending from one to an opposite angle of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure. 3. Marked by lines, ridges, stripes, etc., crossing obliquely. II. n. 1. Geom. Line drawn joining the op- posite angles of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure. 2. Fabric having diagonal stripes or ridges. [L. diagonalis; from Gr. diagdnios; from dia, through, and gonia, corner.] DIAGONALLY (dl-ag'o-nal-i), adv. In a di- agonal direction; obliquely. DIAGRAM (di'a-gram), n. 1. Any illustrative Dial. figure drawn in outline. 2. Geom. Drawing or delineation made for the purpose of demon- strating some property of a geometrical figure. [Gr. diagramma, from dia, through, and gramma, drawing; from graphd, write, draw.] DIAGRAMMATIC (di-a-gram-mat'ik), o. Per- taining to or of the nature of a diagram. DIAGRAPH (di'a-graf), n. Instrument for enabling unskilled persons to draw light objects in outline. [Gr. diagrapho; from dia, through, and graphd, write, draw.] DIAGRAPHIC (di-a-graf'ik), a. Descriptive. DIAL (di'al), n. 1. Instrument for showing the time of day by the sun's shadow. 2. Face of a watch or clock. 3. Circular plate on which a movable index shows the degree of pressure, etc. — Miner's dial, compass with sights. [L.L. dialis, daily; from L. dies, day.] DIAL (dial), vt. [pr.p. DI'ALING; p.U and p.p. DIALED (di'ald).] 1. Measure with a dial. 2. Survey by means of a miner's dial. DIALECT (di'a-lekt), n. 1. Style of language. 2. Variety or form of a language peculiar to a district; provincial or non-literary vernacular. [Gr. dialektos; from dia, between, and lego, speak.] DIALECTIC (di-a-lekt'ik), DIALECTICAL (dl- a-lekt'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to dialect, or of the nature of a dialect. 2. Pertaining to dialectics; logical. DIALECTIC (di-a-lekt'ik), n. Same as DIA- LECTICS. DIALECTICALLY (dl-a-lekt'ik-al-i), adv. 1. In the manner of a dialect. 2. In a logical menner; logically. DIALECTICIAN (di-a-lek-tish'un), n. One skilled in dialectics; logician. DIALECTICS (dl-a-lekt'iks), n. 1. Art of dis- cussing. 2. Branch of logic that teaches the rules and modes of reasoning. DIALING (di'al-lng), n. 1. Art of constructing dials. 2. Science that explains the measuring of time by the sun-dial. 3. Surveying by help of a miner's dial. DIALIST (di'al-ist), n. 1. Maker of dials. 2. One skilled in dialing. DIALLAGE (di-al'a-je), n. Bhet. Figure of speech by which arguments, after having been considered from various points of view are all brought to bear upon one point. [Gr.] DIALLAGE (dl'al-aj), n. Mineral nearly allied to augite, brown, gray, or green In color, laminated in structure, with a metallic luster when broken across. [Gr. diallagS, change; from dia, between, and allassd, change.] DIALOGICAL (di-a-loJ'ik-aD, a. Pertaining to or of the nature of a dialogue. DIALOGICALLY (di-a-loj'ik-al-i), adv. After the manner of a dialogue. fate, (at, task, tar, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " u=v in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh.=ch in Scotch loch. DIALOGIST 366 DIAPASON DIALOGIST (di-al'o-jist), n. Speaker in, or writer of, a dialogue. DIALOGISTIC (di-al-o-jist'ik), DIALOGIST- ICAL (di-al-o-jist'ik-al), a. In the form of a dialogue. DIALOGIZE (di-al'o-jiz), vi. [pr.p. DIAL'OGI- ZING; p.t. and p.p. DIAEOGIZED (dl-al'o- Jizd).] Discourse in dialogue. DIALOGUE (di'a-log), n. Conversation between two or more persons, especially of a formal or imaginary nature. [Gr. dialogos; from dia, between, and lego, speak.] DIALYSIS (di-al'i-sis), n. [pi. DIALYSES (di- al'i-sez).] 1. CJiem. Separation of substances by diffusion through a membranous septum or partition. 2. Gram. Dieresis. 3. Bhet. Asyn- deton. 4. Med. Loss of strength; exhaustion; weakness. 5. Biol. Separation of parts pre- viously joined together. [Gr. ; from dialyo, separate; from dia, apart, and lyo, loose.] DIALTTIC (di-a-lit'ik), a. Pertaining to dialysis; relaxing. DIAMAGNET (di-a-mag'net), n. Body or sub- stance having diamagnetic polarity. [DIA- and MAGNET.] DIAMAGNETIC (di-a-mag-net'ik), I. a. Cross- magnetic — applied to any substance, such as a rod of bismuth or glass, which when sus- pended between the poles of a magnet, ar- ranges itself across the line joining the poles, that is, the line of magnetic force. II. n. Any diamagnetic substance; diamagnet. DIAMAGNETIC ALL Y (di-a-mag-net'ik-al-i ), adv. In a diamagnetic manner. DIAMAGNETISM (di-a-mag'net-izm), n. 1. Form of magnetic action possessed by dia- magnetic bodies. 2. Branch of science that treats of diamagnetic phenomena. DIAMETER (di-am'e-ter), n. 1. Length of a right line passing through the center of an object, from one side to the other. 2. Geom. Straight line passing through the center of a circle or other figure, terminated at both ends by the line of circumference or bounding surface. 3. Arch. The measure across the lower part of the shaft of a column, which is usually divided into 60 minutes, and forms a scale for the measurement of all the parts of the order. — Apparent diameter. Astron. The apparent diameter of a celestial body is the angle which the latter subtends at the eye, and is measured by the micrometer. The dis- tance from the earth of the body, when mul- tiplied by the sine of this angle, gives the real diameter of the body. [Gr. diametros; from dia, through, and metron, measure.] DIAMETRAL (di-am'e-tral), a. Diametrical. DIAMETRIC (di-a-met'rik), a. Diametrical. DIAMETRICAL (di-a-met'rik-al), a. 1. In the direction of a diameter. 2. Pertaining to the diameter. 3. Directly opposed, like the op- posite ends of a diameter. DIAMETRICALLY (di-a-met'rik-al-i), adv. 1. Like a diameter; directly across or opposite. 2. In a manner directly opposed or opposite. DIAMOND (di'a-mund), n. Min. 1. Crystal of pure carbon, the hardest, most brilliant, and most valuable of all the precious stones, and when very transparent said to be of the first water, and of the second or third water as the transparency decreases. 2. Four-sided figure with two obtuse and two acute angles. 3. Cards. (1) One of a suit in a pack of cards, the spots on which are diamond-shaped. (2) [pi.] Suit of such cards. 4. Print. Size of type between brilliant and pearl=4 or 4^ point. ^i^P"" This line ia set in diamond type. 5. Baseball. Space thirty yards square In- closed within the base lines; infield. [Fr. diamant; from L. adamanta, accus. of adatnas; from Gr. adamas, adamantos, adamant.] Diamonds. A-B. Rose cut. C. Brilliant. D. Table cut. E. Regent. F. Brilliant. G. Brilliant. H. Brilliant. I. Table. J. Kohinoor. K. Grand Duke. DIAMOND-BEETLE (dl'a-mund-be-tl), n. Zool. Coleopterous insect remarkable for its bril- liancy of color, the Entimus imperialist native of South America. DIAMOND-PATTERN (di'a-mund-pat-ern), ». Pattern made up of rhomboidal figures. DIA3IOND-SNAKE (dia-mund-snak), n. 1. Large boa-like serpent (Morelia spilotes). 2. Tasmanian venomous serpent (Hoplocephalus superbus) . DlANA (di-an'a), n. Greek Myth. Goddess of hunting and of chastity; the sister of Apollo; was honored as a celestial divinity (Luna), as a terrestrial goddess (Diana), and in the infer- nal regions as Hecate. DIAPASON (di-a-pa'zun), n. Music. 1. Full volume of various sounds in concord. 2. Harmony; concord; agreement. 3. One of the principal stops of an organ. 4. In old Greek music, the octave or interval which in- cludes all the tones. [Gr. ; from dia, through, and pas, all.] fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. DIAPER 367 DIATOM Diaper work. Variegate with flg- Put a diaper on. ■ti), n. Quality of DIAPER (dl'a-per), n. 1. Fine cotton or linen cloth woven in slightly defined figures, used for towels, etc. 2. Arch. Floral or geo- metrical pattern in low relief, often re- peated over a consid- erable surface. 3. In- fant's breech - cloth. [O. Fr. diapre, jasper.] DIAPER (di'a-per), vt. [pr.p. DI'APERING; p.t. and p.p. DIA- PERED (di'a-perd).] 1. ures, as in diaper. 2. DIAPHANEITY (di-a-fa-ne'i being diaphanous. DIAPHANOSCOPY (di-a-fa-nos'ko-pi), n. Ex- amination of cavities of the body by means of an Introduced incandescent electric light. [Gr. diaphaino, show through, and suffix -SCOPY.] DIAPHANOUS (di-af'a-nus), a. Having the quality of allowing light to pass through its substance; transparent; translucent; clear. [Gr. diaphanSs; from dia, through, and phaino, show.] DIAPHANOUSLY (di-af'a-nus-li), adv. In a diaphanous manner; transparently. DIAPHANOUSNESS(di-af'a-nus-nes), n. Qual- ity of being diaphanous. DI APHONIC (di-a-fon'ik), a. Same as DIA- COUSTIC. DIAPHONICS (di-a-fon'iks), n. Same as DIA- COUSTICS. [Gr. dia, through, and phUne, sound.] DIAPHORESIS (di-a-fo-re'sis), n. 1. Un- natural or unusual degree of perspiration. 2. Med. Perspiration artificially induced. [Gr.; from dia, through, and phoreo, freq. of pherd, carry.] DIAPHORETIC (di-a-fo-ret'ik), I. a. Pro- moting perspiration. II. n. Sudorific or medi- cine that increases perspiration. DIAPHORETICAL (di-a-fo-ret'ik-al), a. Dia- phoretic. DIAPHOTE (di'a-fot), n. Elec. Double selenium telephote for reciprocally transmitting fac- similes. [Gr. dia, through, and phos, photos, light.] DIAPHRAGM (di'a-fram), n. 1. Anat. Muscle that separates the chest or thorax from the abdomen, forming a partition between these two cavities, and being the sole agent in tran- quil respiration; midriff. 2. Biol. Thin par- tition or dividing membrane. 3. Mech. (1) Partition or dividing wall of a compartment. (2) Thin disk of. an elastic solid, securely fastened at its edges and capable of being set in vibration, as in the telephone. 4. Optics. Annular disk in a telescope or other optical Instrument, serving to exclude some of the marginal rays of a beam of light. [Gr. diaphragma; from dia, across, and phragnymi, fence.] DIAPHRAGM-GAGE (di'a-fram-gaj), n. In- strument for recording heat or steam pressure through the expansion and contraction of a curved diaphragm. DIARIST (di'a-rist), n. One who keeps a diary. DIARRHEA, DIARRHOEA (di-a-re'a), n. Pathol. Persistent purging or looseness of the bowels. [Gr. diarrhoia; from dia, through, and rhed, flow.] DIARRHEAL, DIARRHEAL (dl-a-re'al,) a. Pertaining to or of the nature of diarrhea. DIARRHETIC, DIARRH03TIC (dl-a-ret'ik), a. Causing or tending to cause diarrhea; purg- ing. DIARTHROSIS (dl-ar-thrd'sis), n. Anat. Mov- able articulation, including all forms of articu- lation that admit of the motion of one bone upon another; free arthrosis. [Gr. ; from diarthrod, divide by joints; from dia, between, and arthrod, joint, fasten; from arthron, joint.] DIARY (di'a-ri), n. [pi. DI'ARIES.] Book in which the duties and events of every day are recorded; daily record; journal. [L. diarium; from dies, day.] DIASTASE (di'a-stas), n. Peculiar ferment de- veloped during the germination of all seeds, which has the power of converting starch into dextrin and then into sugar. [Gr. dia- stasis, division; from dia, through, and histemi, stand.] DIASTOLE (di-as'to-le), n. 1. Phys. Dilatation of the heart, auricles, and arteries — opposed to SYSTOLE. 2. Anc. Pros. Protracting of a short syllable, as before a pause. [Gr. diastole, a drawing apart; from dia, apart, and stello, send.] DIASTOLIC (di-as-tol'ik), a. Pertaining to di- astole. DIASTYLE (di'a-stil), n. Arch. An arrange- ment of columns, in which the intercolumnia- tion or space between them is equal to three or four diameters of the columns. [Gr. dia- stylion; from dia, between, and stylos, pillar.] DIATESSARON (di-a-tes'a-ron), n. 1. Music. Interval of a fourth. 2. Med. Electuary of four ingredients. 3. Theol. Harmony of the four Gospels. [Gr.; from dia, through, and tessaron, fourth, and tessares, four.] DIATHERMAL (di-a-ther'mal), DIATHERMA- NOUS (dl-a-ther'ma-nus), a. Allowing free transmission of heat. [Gr. dia, through, and thermos, heat.] DIATHESIS (di-ath'e-sis), n. Med. 1. Par- ticular condition or habit of body, especially one predisposing to certain diseases. 2. Mental predisposition. [Gr.; from dia, apart, and tithemi, place.] DIATHETIC (di-a-thet'ik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of diathesis. DIATOM (di'a-tom), n. Bot. One of an order of microscopic unicellular algae, the technical fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, moye, wolf; mute, hut, bum, ii=w in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DIATOMIC 368 DICTATOR name of which is Diatomacece. [Gr. diatomos; from dia, through, and tome, a cutting; from temno, cut.] DIATOMIC (di-a-tom'ik), a. 1. Chem. Com- prising two atoms. 2. Having a valence twice that of a monad element. DIATOMIN(di-at'o-min), DIATOMITE (di-at'o- mit), n. Polishing powder for metals known as rottenstone and tripoli. DIATOMOUS (di-at'o-mus), a. Min. Having crystals with one distinct diagonal cleavage. DIATONIC (di-a-ton'ik), a. Music. Proceed- ing by the tones and intervals of the natural scale. [Gr. diatonikon; from dia, through, and tonos, tone.] DIATONIC ALLY (di-a-ton'ik-al-i), adv. In a diatonic manner. DIATRIBE (di'a-trib), n. 1. Invective harangue. 2. Originally, a prolonged discussion or dis- putation. [Gr. diatribe; from dia, through, and tribo, rub, wear away.] DIBASIC (di-ba'sik), a. Chem. Containing two atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base or bases, said of acids. [DI- and BASIC] DIBBLE (dib'l), vt. [pr.p. DIB'BLING; p.t. and p.p. DIBBLED (dib'ld).] Plant with a dibble. [Form of DABBLE.] DIBBLE (dib'l), n. Gardener's tool for making holes to put seeds or plants in. DIBS (dibz), n. Soy or honey-sauce made from glutinous sweet fruits in China and India. DICAST (di'kast), n. Greek Antiq. One of the six thousand Athenians annually chosen to act as jurors. [Gr. dikastes; from dike, Justice.] DlCE (di'se), n. Greek Myth. Goddess of Justice, daughter of Zeus and Themis. DICE (dis), n. pi. [sing. DIE.] 1. Small cubes used in gaming by being thrown from a box. 2. Game played with dice. [See DIE, n.] DICE (dis), vi. [pr.p. DI'CING; p.t. and p.p. DICED (dist).] Play with dice. DICE-BOX (dis'boks), n. Box or cylindrical case out of which dice are thrown. DlCENTRA (di-sen'tra), n. Bot. Genus of plants, including the flower, bleeding-heart, the Dicentra spectabilis. [Gr. di-, double, and kentron, point.] DICEPHALOUS (di-sef'a-lus), a. Two-headed. [Gr. dikephalos; from di-, double, and kephale", head.] DICER (di'ser), n. One who plays dice. DICHASTASIS (di-kas'ta-sis), n. Biol. Spon- taneous subdivision. [Gr. dichazo, part asun- der; from dicha, in two parts.] DICHASTIC (di-kas'tik), a. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, dichastasis. DICHOTOMOUS (di-kot'o-mus), a. Bot. 1. Dividing into two ; forked. 2. Consisting of a pair or pairs. DICHROISM (di'kro-izm), n. Property of show- ing different colors when viewed in different directions, exhibited by doubly refracting crystals. [Gr. dichroos, two-colored.] DICHROITIC (di-kro-it'ik), a. Characterized by dichroism. DICHROMATIC (di-kro-mat'ik), a. Character- ized by dichromatism. [DI- and CHROMATIC] DICHROMATISM (di-kro'ma-tizm), n. Zool. Quality of presenting two colors or systems of coloration, as certain species of birds and insects. DICHROMIC (di-kro'mik), a. Of or pertaining to dichromism. DICHROMISM (di'kro-mizm), n. An inability to distinguish more than two of the primary colors. [Gr. di-, two, and chroma, color.] DICHROSCOPE (dikro-skop), n. Instrument to verify blending of colors by means of stained glass of different hues. DICKER (dik'er), n. 1. Petty trade or bargain. 2. Formerly, number or quantity of ten, especially ten hides or skins. [L. decern, ten.] DICKER (dik'er), v. [pr.p. DICK'ERING; p.t. and p.p. DICKERED (dik'erd).] I. vt. Bar- ter; bargain; deal. II. vi. Drive a bargain; make a dicker. DICKEY (dik'i), n. Same as DICKY. DICKY (dik'i), n. [pi. DICK'IES.] 1. Child's bib or pinafore. 2. Detachable linen shirt front, or false bosom. 3. Seat behind the body of a carriage, for servants. 4. High shirt- collar. [Dut. dek, cover.] DICKY-BIRD (dik'i-berd), n. Familiar name for a small bird. [From Dick, a diminutive of Richard.] DICLINIC (di-klin'ik), a. Crystallog. Having two of the intersections of the axes oblique. [Gr. di-, asunder, and Mine, bed.] DICLINOUS (di'kli-nus), a. Bot. Having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers. DICOCCOTJS (di-kok'us), a. Biol. Formed of two cocci. [DI-, and Gr. kokkos, berry.] DICOTYLEDON (di-kot-i-le'don), n. Bot. Plant having two seed-lobes. [DI- and COTYLE- DON.] DICROTISM (dik'ro-tizm), n. Pathol. Double beating of the pulse. [DI-, and Gr. kroteo, beat.] DICTA (dik'ta), n.pl. See DICTUM. DICTATE (dik'tat), v. [pr.p. DICTATING; p.t. and p.p. DICTATED.] I. vt. 1. Tell or repeat orally, as to an amanuensis, that it may be written down or reported. 2. Lay down the terms or conditions of. 3. Suggest; prompt; instigate. II. vi. 1. Utter words to be written or repeated by another. 2. Propose or im- pose terms; give orders. [L. dicto (p.p. dic- tatus), freq. of dico, say.] SYN. Suggest; prescribe; command; or- der; decree; ordain; urge; enforce. ANT. Follow; repeat; obey; submit; yield. DICTATE (dik'tat), n. 1. Order, command, or direction. 2. Mental suggestion; impulse. DICTATION (dik-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of dictating. 2. That which is dictated. 3. Command or order. DICTATOR (dik-ta'tiir), n. [fern. DICTA'TRESS fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DICTATORIAL 369 DIET or BICTA'TRIX.] 1. One who dictates. 2. One who has authority to decide or deter- mine any point or question. 3. One invested for a time with absolute authority, as in an- cient Rome in times of exigency and danger. DICTATORIAL (dik-ta-to'ri-al), a. Like a dic- tator; imperious; overbearing; absolute; au- thoritative. DICTATORIALLY (dik-ta-to'ri-al-i), adv. In a dictatorial manner. DICTATORIALNESS (dik-ta-to'ri-al-nes), n. Quality of being dictatorial. DICTATORSHIP (dik-ta'tur-ship), n. 1. Office of a dictator. 2. Supreme or absolute author- ity or power. DICTATORT (dik'ta-to-ri), a. Overbearing; dogmatical. DICTATRESS (dik-ta'tres), DICTATRIX (dik- ta'triks), n. Female dictator. DICTION (dik'shun), n. Manner of expressing ideas by words; style. [L. dictio; from dico, speak.] DICTIONARY (dik'shun-a-ri), n. [pi. DIC- TIONARIES.] 1. Book containing the words of a language alphabetically arranged, with their meanings, etymology, pronunciation, etc.; lexicon. 2. Work containing informa- tion on any department of knowledge, alpha- betically arranged. [L. L. dictionarium; from L. dictioy saying, word; from dico, say.] DICTUM (dik'tum), n. [pi. DICTA.] 1. Authori- tative saying; positive or dogmatic assertion. 2. Law. Ruling of a court or judge on a point not material to the case. [L.; from dico, say.] DICTTOGEN (dik'ti-o-jen), n. Bot. Plant with n e t-veined leaves. [Gr. diktyon, net, and gcnnao, produce.] DICYCLE (di'- si-kl), n. Bi- cycle with wheels par- allel to each other, instead of tandem. [DI- and CY- CLE.] DID (did), DIDST (didst), v. Past tense of DO. DIDACTIC (di-dak'tik), DIDACTICAL (dl-dak'- tik-al), a. Fitted or intended to teach; in- structive; expository. [Gr. didaktikos; from didasko, teach.] DIDACTICALLY (di-dak'tik-al-i), adv. In a didactic manner. DIDACTICS (di-dak'tiks), n. Art or science of imparting instruction. DIDELPHID (di-del'fld), n. Member of the subclass Didelphia. DIDO (dl'd6), n. [pi. DIDOES (di'doz).] An- tic; caper. [Etym. unknown.] Dicycle. DIDST (didst), v. Second person singular, past tense of DO. DIDYMOUS (did'i-mus), a. Bot. Growing dou- ble; twin. [Gr. didymos, twofold.] DIE (di), vl. [pr.p. DYING; p.t. and p.p. DIED (did).] 1. Meet or suffer death; lose life; expire; perish. 2. Become extinct, as a species. 3. Come to naught; fail. 4. Pass away grad- ually; vanish. 5. Sink or faint. 6. Become vapid. 7. TJieol. Become spiritually dead; perish eternally. [Ice. deyja.] DIE (di), n. [pi. in defs. 1 and 2, DICE (dis) ; in defs. 3 and 4, DIES (diz).] 1. Small cube, especially one marked with dots or figures on its sides and used in games, usually in sets of three. 2. Hazard; chance; lot; fortune. 3. Stamp for impressing and cutting out coin, etc. 4. Arch. Cubical part of a pedestal. 5. JV.ech. Device arranged to cut screw threads on outer circumference of a pipe; pattern made on hardened steel used for stamping metal work. [L. datus, given or cast — (talus, a piece of bone used in play, being understood).] Dies. DIELECTRIC (di-e-lek'trik), I. a. Elec. Per- mitting electrostatic induction to take place through its mass. II. n. Dielectric substance. [DIA- and ELECTRIC] DIERESIS, DIAERESIS (di-er'e-sis), n. [pi. DIERESES, DIAERESES ( di-er'e-sez). ] 1. Mark ("') sometimes placed over the second of two adjacent vowels to show that each is to be pronounced separately, as aerial. 2. Separation of adjacent vowels by such mark. [Gr. diairesis, division; from dia, asunder, and haired, take.] DIESIS (di'e-sis), n. [pi. DIESES (di'e-sez).] 1. Print. Reference mark, the double dagger ( J ). 2. Music. Difference in tone between a major and a minor semitone. [Gr.; from dia, through, and hiemi, send.] DIET (di'et), n. 1. Daily fare; food. 2. Course of food prescribed or regulated medically. 3. Allowance of food; ration. [Gr. diaita, mode of living, diet.] DIET (di'et), n. Assembly of delegates or dig- nitaries convened and held from day to day. [Gr. diaita, mode of living; influenced by L. dies, day.] DIET (di'et), v. [pr.p. DI'ETING; p.t. and p.p. DI'ETED.] I. vt. Restrict the fare of, accord- me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn.. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, ■ I " u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, hh=ch in Scotch loch. DIETARIAN 370 DIFFUSE ing to rules of medicine. II. vi. Eat and drink according to a prescribed regimen. DIETARIAN (di-e-ta'rl-an), n. One who ob- serves prescribed rules for diet. DIETARY (di'e-ta-ri), I. a. Pertaining to diet or the rules of diet. II. n. [pi. DI'ETARIES.] 1. Course of diet. 2. Allowance of food. DIETER (dl'et-6r), n. One who diets. DIETETIC (dl-e-tet'ik), DIETETICAL (dl-e- tet'ik-al), o. Pertaining to diet or dietetics. DIETETICS (di-e-tet'iks), n. Branch of hygiene embracing the rules for regulating diet. DIETETIST (di-e-tet'ist), n. One versed in dietetics. DIFFER (dif'er), vi. [pr.p. DIF'FERING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFERED (dif'erd).] 1. Be unlike, distinct, or various. 2. Disagree in opinion; dissent. 3. Be at variance; fall out; dispute. [L. differo; from dif (for dis), apart, and fero, bear.] DIFFERENCE (dif'er-ens), n. 1. Dissimilarity. 2. Quality distinguishing one thing from another. 3. Contention or quarrel. 4. Point in dispute. 5. Excess of one quantity or num- ber over another. 6. Com. Payable margin. 7. Logic. Differentia. SYN. Unlikeness; disagreement; disso- nance; discord; contrariety; dissent; es- trangement; variety. ANT. Similarity; like- ness; agreement; consonance; harmony; identity. DIFFERENCE (dif'er-ens), vt. [pr.p. DIF'FER- ENCING; p.t. and p.p. DDJFERENCED (dif- er-enst).] Make or mark a difference between; distinguish. DIFFERENT (dif'er-ent), a. 1. Unlike; dis- similar. 2. Not the same; distinct; other. DIFFERENTIA (dif-er-en'shi-a), n. [pi. DIF- FERENTIA (dif-er-en'shi-e).] Logic. Char- acteristic quality or attribute of a species. [L.] DIFFERENTIAL (dif-er-en'shal), I. a. 1. Creating a difference; discriminating. 2. Consisting of a difference; differing. 3. Math. Pertaining to a quantity or difference in- finitely small. II. n. Math. An infinitely small difference between two consecutive states of a variable quantity. — Differential calculus. Math. Method of finding the ratios of the differences of variable magnitudes on the supposition that these differences become infinitely small. — Differential winding. Elec. Such a double winding of magnet coils that the two holes produced thereby are opposed to each other. DIFFERENTIALLY (dif-er-en'shal-i), adv. By way of distinction or differentiation. DIFFERENTIATE (dif-6r-en'shi-at), v. [pr.p. DDJFEREN'TIATING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFER- ENTIATED.] I. vt. 1. Make different. 2. Create a difference between. 3. Logic. Dis- criminate or distinguish between by observing the differentia. 4. Math. Obtain the differ- ential, or the differential coefficient of. 5. Biol. Set apart for a particular purpose; specialize. II. vi. Acquire a different or dis- tinct character; become differentiated. DIFFERENTIATION (dif-er-en-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of distinguishing or describing a thing by giving its differentia. 2. Exact definition. 3. Biol. Change by which organs or structures become specialized or modified. 4. Math. Act or process of differentiating a function. DIFFERENTLY (dif'er-ent-li), adv. In a differ- ent or varying manner. DIFFICULT (dif'i-kult), a. 1. Hard to do; attended with labor, trouble, or pains; ardu- ous; troublesome. 2. Hard to please, persuade, or satisfy. 3. Hard to understand. [Formed from DIFFICULTY.] DIFFICULTY (dif'i-kul-ti), n. [pi. DIFFICUL- TIES.] 1. Quality of being difficult. 2. That which is difficult. 3. Obstacle; impediment, or hindrance. 4. Anything hard to be under- stood. 5. Objection, scruple, or question. 6. Embroilment; misunderstanding; quarrel. 7. Financial embarrassment. [Fr. difficulte; from L. difficultas; from dif (=dis) 9 neg., and facilis, easy.] SYN. Arduousness; obstruction; objec- tion; cavil; controversy; falling out; em- barrassment; perplexity; exigency; distress; trouble; trial. ANT. Ease; relief; facility; aid; help; succor; joy; happiness. DIFFIDENCE (dif'i-dens), n. Want of self- confidence; baehfulness; modesty; shyness. SYN. Coyness; reserve; timidity. ANT. Confidence; assumption; assurance; impu- dence. DIFFIDENT (dif'i-dent), a. Distrustful of one's self; bashful; modest; shy. DIFFIDENTLY (dif'i-dent-li), adv. In a diffi- dent manner. DIFFLUENT (dif'lo-ent), a. Tending to flow away readily. [L. diffluens, pr.p. of diffluo; from dif (for dis), apart, and fluo, flow.] DIFFORM (dif 'arm), a. Irregular in form; not uniform. [L. dif (for dis), apart, and forma, form.] DIFFORMITY (dif-farm'i-ti), n. 1. Irregularity or want of uniformity. 2. Diversity or di- vergence. [Fr. difformite.] DIFFRACT (dif-frakf), vt. [pr.p. DIFFRACT'- ING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFRACTED.] 1. Break or separate into parts, as rays of light in a prism. 2. Deflect. [L. diffringo (p.p. diffrac- tus,) break in pieces; from dif (for dis), apart, and frango, break.] DIFFRACTION (dif-frak'shun), n. Optics. Peculiar modification which light undergoes when it passes by the edge of an opaque body by being deflected from its direct course. DIFFRACTIVE (dif-frakt'iv), a. Causing, or tending to cause, diffraction. DIFFUSE (dif-fuz'), v. [pr.p. DDJFU'SING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFUSED (dif-fuzd').] I. vt. 1. Spread fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u—u In Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. DIFFUSE 371 DIGITAL by pouring out. 2. Send out in all directions ; scatter; circulate; publish. II. vi. Spread as a liquid does. [L. dlffundo (p.p. diffusus), pour abroad; from dif (for dis) 9 apart, and fundo, pour.] SYN. See DISSEMINATE. DIFFUSE (dif-fus'), a. 1. Widely spread; dif- fused. 2. Copious; prolix; wordy. DIFFUSED (dif-fuzd'), a. 1. Spread widely. 2. Loose; vague; rambling. DIFFUSEDLY (dif-fu'zed-li), adv. In a diffused manner. DIFFUSEDNESS (dif-fu'zed-nes), n. Quality or state of being diffused. DIFFUSELY (dif-fus'li), adv. 1. Widely; ex- tensively. 2. Copiously; not concisely. DIFFUSENESS (dif-fus'nes), n. Quality of being diffuse. DIFFUSER (dif-fu'zer), n. One who diffuses or spreads abroad. DIFFUSIBILITY (dif-fu-zi-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being diffusible. DIFFUSIBLE (dif-fu'zi-bl), a. Capable of being diffused. DIFFUSIBLENESS (dif-fu'zi-bl-nes), n. Dif- fusibility. DIFFUSION (dif-fu'zhun), n. 1. A spreading or scattering abroad; extension; distribution. 2. State of being spread or dispersed widely. 3. Exuberance of style; copiousness. — Dif- fusion of gases, the intermixture of gases free to communicate with each other. DIFFUSIVE (dif-fu 'si v), a. 1. Spreading widely; diffusing. 2. Widely spread or distributed. 3. Capable of diffusion. DIFFUSIVELY (dif-fu'siv-li), adv. In a diffusive manner; expansively. DIFFUSIVENESS (dif-fu'siv-ncs), n. 1. Power of diffusing. 2. Quality of being diffusive. DIG (dig), v. [pr.p. DIG'GING; p.t. and p.p. DUG or DIGGED (digd).] I. vt. 1. Form, fashion, or hollow out by excavating. 2. Turn up with a spade. 3. Poke or thrust, as one's elbow into another's side, or spurs into a horse. 4. Obtain or gain by digging. II. vi. 1. Occupy one's self in digging. 2. Labor steadily or perseveringly. 3. Study hard. [O. Fr. diguer, dig.] DIG (dig), n. 1. Poke or thrust. 2. Diligent or plodding student. (Colloq.) DIGAMMA (dl-gam'a), n. Letter in the oldest Greek alphabet, which early fell into disuse. It had the force of English W and the form of F. [Gr. di-, twofold, and gamma, the Gr. G.] DIGASTRIC (di-gas'trik), a. Fleshy at each end, as the digastric muscle of the lower jaw. [Gr. di-, twofold, and gaster, stomach.] DIGDIG (dig'dig), n. Same as DIKDIK. DIGEST (di-jesf), v. [pr.p. DIGESTING; p.t. and p.p. DIGEST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Convert into chyme in the stomach. 2. Reduce to a sys- tem, method, or order. 3. Prepare or classify in the mind; meditate or reflect upon. 4. Put up with; endure. 5. Chem. Soften by heat and moisture. II. vt. 1. Undergo diges- tion. 2. Med. Suppurate. [L. digero (p.p. digestus), carry asunder or dissolve; from di (for dU), asunder, and gero, carry.] DIGEST (di'Jest), n. 1. Collection, compilation, or summary, arranged under proper heads or titles. 2. Summary of laws or Judicial decisions, similarly arranged. 3. Body of laws collected and arranged, especially the Justinian code of civil laws; the Pandects. DIGESTER (di-jest'er), n. 1. One who digests. 2. Close vessel in which by heat and pressure strong extracts are made from animal or vegetable substances. 3. That which aids digestion or strengthens digestive power. DIGESTIBILITY (di-jest-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being digestible. DIGESTIBLE (di-jest'i-bl), a. Capable of being digested. DIGESTIBLENESS (di-jest'1-bl-nes), n. Quality of being digestible ; digestibility. DIGESTION ( dl-jes'chun ), n. 1. Phys. Con- version of food in the stomach into chyme, for circulation throughout the body and nourishment. 2. Capacity to digest. 3. Act of reducing to classification and method. 4. Chem. Slow action of a solvent on any sub- stance. 5. Meditation; consideration. 6. Bot. Absorption of carbonic acid by plants under the influence of light. DIGESTIVE (di-jest'iv), I. a. Pertaining to or promoting digestion. II. n. Anything that aids digestion; stomachic. DIGGABLE (dig'a-bl), a. Capable of being dug; fit for digging. DIGGER (dig'er), n. 1. Person or animal that digs. 2. 31achine or other device for digging. DIGGING (dig'ing), n. 1. Opera- tion of excavating or of loosening earth with a spade, fork, pick, etc. 2. [pi.] Popular name for locali- ties where gold is mined, and also, loosely, for other localities. DIGHT (dit), a. Dressed; adorned; bedecked. (Obsolete except in poetry.) [A. S. dihtan, arrange.] DIGIT (dij'it), n. 1. Finger or toe. 2. Any one of the ten numerals, I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0; so named from the habit of counting on the fingers. 3. Measure of a finger's breadth, or three-quarters of an inch. 4. Astron. Twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon, term used to express the quantity of an eclipse. 5. Breadth of a finger or three-fourths of an inch. [L. digitus, finger.] DIGITAL (dij'it-aD. I- a. Pertaining to the fingers. II. n. 1. Finger. 2. Key of a piano, etc. DIGITALIS (dij-i-ta'lis), n. Bot. 1. Genus of plants, including the foxglove, Digitalis pur- Digger. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, xi—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DIGITATE 372 DILATORINESS Digitate leaf. purea. 2. [d-] Med. The dried leaves of the foxglove, useful in cases of heart disease. [L.; from digitus, finger.] DIGITATE (dij'i- tat), a. 1. Finger- shaped. 2. Bot. Consisting of sev- eral finger-like sec- tions, as a com- pound leaf having leaflets arranged like the fingers on a hand. DIGITATED (dij'i- ta-ted), a. Same as DIGITATE. DIGIT ATION (dij-i- ta'shun), n. 1. Finger-like arrangement. 2. Finger-like process. DIGITIFORM (dij'i-ti-farm), a. Formed like fingers. DIGITIGRADE(dij'i-ti-grad), I. a. Walking on the toes. II. n. Animal that walks on its toes, as the lion. Opposed to PLANTIGRADE. [L. digitus, toe, and gradus, walking, from gradior, walk.] DIGNIFIED (dig'ni-fid), o. 1. Characterized by dignity; stately; gravely affable. 2. Noble; august. 3. Invested with some high position or rank. DIGNIFY (dig'ni-fi), vt. [pr.p. DIG'NIFYING; p.U and p.p. DIG'NIFIED.] 1. Give dignity to; honor; ennoble. 2. Invest with or advance to some dignity; exalt; prefer. [L.L. dignifico, think worthy; from dignus, worthy, and facio, make, esteem.] DIGNITARY (dig'ni-ta-ri), n. [pi. DIG'NI- TARIES.] One in a dignified position or rank, especially in the church. DIGNITY (dig'ni-ti), n. [pi. DIGNITIES.] 1. Elevation of mind or character. 2. Stateliness of mien; gravity of bearing. 3. Position of influence, rank, or honor. 4. Worthiness; estimation; nobility. 5. Ecclesiastical pre- ferment. 6. Dignitary. [Fr. dignite; from L. dignitas; from dignus, worthy.] SYN. Distinction; nobility; rank; lofti- ness; stateliness; grandeur; majesty, ANT. Obscurity; meanness; paltriness. DIGRAPH (di'graf), n. Combination of two consonants or two vowels representing one simple sound, as ph in digraph and ea in bread. [DI- and -GRAPH.] DIGRAPHIC (di-graf'ik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of a digraph. DIGRESS (di-gres'), vi. [pr.p. DIGRESS'ING; p.U and p.p. DIGRESSED (di-grest').] 1. Wander or deviate from the main subject; introduce irrelevant matter. 2. Formerly, turn aside from the right or direct path. [L. digredior (p.p. digressus); from di (for dis), apart, aside, and gradior, step.] DIGRESSION (dl-gresh'un), n. 1. A wandering or departure from the main point or subject of a discourse. 2. Part of a discourse, etc, that departs from the main point or subject. DIGRESSIONAL (di-gresh'un-al), DIGRESSIVE (di-gres'iv), a. Of the nature of a digression; departing from the main subject. DIGRESSIVELY ( di-gres 'iv-li), adv. By way of digression. DIHEDRAL (di-he'dral), a. Having two sides, or two plane faces. [Gr. di, two, and hedra, seat.] DIKDIK (dik'dik), n. Species of African ante- lope. DIKE (dik), n. 1. Mound or bank of earth thrown up to prevent inundation; levee; dam. 2. Geol. Perpendicular wall-like mass of igneous rock occupying the rents or fissures of stratified rocks. 3. Originally, a ditch or moat. [A. S. die, ditch.] DIKE (dik), vt. [pr.p. DI'KING; p.t. and p.p. DIKED (dikt).] Surround or provide with a dike. DILAPIDATE (di-Iap'i-dat), v. [pr.p. DILAP'- IDATING; p.t. and p.p. DILAPIDATED.] I. vt. Bring to state of ruin; lay waste; demol- ish. II. vi. Fall into ruin. [L. dilapido (p.p. dilapidatus) , destroy; from di 9 asunder, and lapis, lapidis, stone.] DILAPIDATION (di-lap-i-da'shun), n. Act or process of dilapidating or state of being di- lapidated. DILATABILITY (di-la-ta-bil'i-ti), n . Quality of being dilatable. DILATABLE (di-la'ta-bl), a. Capable of dilata- tion; elastic. DILATANCY (di-la'tan-si), n. Expansion; dila- tation. DILATANT (di-la'tant), I. a. Tending to dilate. II. n. Dilating agent. DILATATION (dil-a-ta'shun), n. Expansion; extension; distension; dilation. DILATE (di-laf), v. [pr.p. DILA'TING; p.t. and p.p. DILA'TED.] I. vt. Spread out in all direc- tions; expand; distend; inflate; opposed to CONTRACT. II. vi. 1. Swell out; expand. 2. Speak at length; descant; expatiate. [L. dilato; from dilatus, spread abroad; from di-, apart, and latus, borne.] DILATER (di-la'ter), n. One who or that which dilates. DILATION (di-la'shun), n. 1. Act of expanding or dilating. 2. State of expansion or dilata- tion. DILATIVE (di-la'tiv), a. Causing dilation; ex- pansive. DILATOR (di-la'tur), n. 1. Dilater. 2. Anat. Muscle that dilates the parts on which it acts. 3. Surg. Instrument for extending parts or dilating the walls of a cavity. DILATORILY (dil'a-tor-i-li), adv. In a dilatory manner. DILATORINESS (dil'a-tor-i-nes), n. Quality of being dilatory. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn. ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. DILATORY 373 DIMEROUS DILATORY (dil'a-tor-i), a. 1. Given to pro- crastination; loitering; slow. 2. Tending to delay. 3. Characterized by delay. [L. dila- torius, putting off.] DILEMMA (di-lem'a), n. 1. Position where each of two alternative courses (or of all the feasible courses) is eminently undesirable; trying practical difficulty. 2. Logic. Form of argument in which the maintainer of a certain proposition is committed to accept one of two alternative propositions each of which con- tradicts his original contention. The argu- ment was called by the Romans a syllogismus cornutus, a "horned syllogism," and the vic- tim compared to a man certain to be impaled on one or other of the horns of an infuriated bull, hence the phrase *'the horns of a di- lemma." [L. ; from Gr. dilSmma; from di-, two, and lemma, an assumption; from lam- band, take.] DILETTANT (dil-et-tanf), n. Same as DIL- ETTANTE. DILETTANTE (dil-et-tan'ta), n. [pi. DIL- ETTANTI (dil-et-tan'te).] One who admires the fine arts, but in a superficial way; dabbler in art, science or literature. [It. ; from L. de- lecto, delight.] DILETTANTEISM (dil-et-tan'ta-izm), n. Super- ficial study and affected admiration of the fine arts and literature. DILETTANTISH (dil-et-tant'ish), a. Character- ized by dilettanteism ; superficial; amateurish. DILETTANTISM (dil-et-tant'izm), n. Same as DILETTANTEISM. DILIGENCE (dil'i-jens), n. 1. Steady applica- tion; industry. 2. Care; needfulness, [See DILIGENT.] SYN. Assiduity; attention; heed; careful- ness. ANT. Inattention; neglect; idleness. DILIGENCE (dil'i-jens or de-le-zhangs'), n. Old form of French stage coach. It had four wheels, two compartments, a deck, and a dicky, and was drawn by from four to seven horses. [Fr.] DILIGENT (dil'i-jent), a. 1. Steady and earnest in application; industrious. 2. Careful; as- siduous; painstaking. [Fr.; from L. diligens, pr.p. of diligo, esteem; from di, apart, and lego, choose.] DILIGENTLY (dil'i-jent-li), adv. In a diligent manner; carefully; industriously. DILL (dil), n. Bot. Umbelliferous annual, the Peucedanum graveolens, having aromatic, pungent seed and flowers used in medicine, and yielding a yellow oil from which dill- water, given as a remedy in flatulence and gripes of children, is prepared. Also used in the manufacture of dill-pickles. [A. S. dile.] DILL-PICKLE (dil'pik-1), n. Large cucumber preserved in a pickling preparation made from the extract and essence of the flowers and seed of the dill. DILLY-DALLY (dil'i-dal-i), vi. [pr.p. DIL'LY- DALLYING; p.t. and p.p. DILLY-DALLIED (dil'i-dal-id).] Loiter or trifle. (Colloq.) DILOGY (dil'o-ji), n. Rhet. Intentional am- biguity. [Gr. dilogia, repetition.] DILUENT (dil'u-ent), I. a. Diluting. II. n. That which dilutes. DILUTE (di-lot' or di-lut'), v. [pr.p. DILU'TING; p.t. and p.p. DILU'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make thinner or more liquid. 2. Diminish the strength, flavor, etc., of, by mixing, especially with water. II. vi. 1. Become thinner or more liquid. 2. Act as a diluent. [L. diluo (p.p. dilutus), wash away; from di, away, and luo, wash.] DILUTE ( di-lot' or dl-lut'), a. Diluted. DILUTER (di-18'ter or di-lu'ter), w. One who or that which dilutes. DILUTION (di-lo'shun or di-lu'shun), w. 1. Act of diluting. 2. State of being diluted. 3. That which is diluted. DILUVIAL (di-lo'vi-al), DILUVIAN (di-16'vi- an), a. 1. Pertaining to a flood, especially that in the time of Noah. 2. Caused by a deluge; composed of diluvium. DILUVIAN (di-lo'vi-an), a. Same as DILUVIAL. DILUVION (di-16'vi-on),n. Same as DILUVIUM. DILUVIUM (di-16'vi-um), n. Geol. 1. Deposit of sand, gravel, etc., made by extraordinary currents of water. 2. Inundation or flood; deluge. [L. diluvium; from diluo, wash awa3\] DIM (dim), a. [comp. DIM'MER; superl. DIM'- MEST.] 1. Somewhat dark; dusky. 2. De- prived of luster; darkened; dull. 3. Not clearly seen; obscure; vague. 4. Not seeing clearly. [A.S. dim, dark.] DIM'MING; p.t. and p.p. I. vt. Render dim; ob- II. vi. Grow dim or ob- DIM (dim), v. [pr.p. DIMMED (dimd).] scure the sight of. scure. DIME (dim), n. Silver coin of the United States, of the value of the tenth of a dollar; ten cents. [Fr.; from L. decima (pars, a part, being un- derstood), tenth part; from decern, ten.] DI3IENSION (di-men'shun), n. 1. Measure or compass of a thing, or length, breadth, and thickness or depth (usually in the plural); as, the dimensions of a bin, of the brain, etc. 2. Degree; importance; scope; application; as, the affair assumed great dimensions. 3. Alg. Degree, as indicated by the number of literal factors that enter into a term. 4. Geom. Extension in a single line or direction. A solid has three dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness. — Fourth dimension, an ad- ditional dimension attributed to space by a hypothetical speculation. [Fr.; from L. di- mensio, a measuring.] DIMENSIONAL (di-men'shun-al), a. Concern- ing dimension; relating to dimensions. DIMEROUS (dim'er-us), a. 1. Bot. With two members in each whorl. 2. Entom. Having two-jointed tarsi. [Gr. di-, double, and meros, part.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DIMIDIATE 374 DING DIMIDIATE (di-mid'i-at), a. 1. Divided into halves. 2. Having a shape that appears as if halved. [L. dimidiatus; from dimidio, halve; from di (for dis), twice, and medius, middle.] DIMIDIATE (di-mid'i-at), vt. [pr.p. DIMIB'IA- TTNG; p.U and p.p. DIMID'IATED.] 1. Her. Eepresent the half of. 2. Divide into halves. DIMIDIATION (di-mid-i-a'shun), n. Aet of halving. DIMINISH (di-min'ish), v. [pr.p. DIMINISH- ING; p.U and p.p. DIMINISHED (di-min'- isht).] I. vt. I. Make less or smaller; decrease. 2. Take a part from; subtract. 3. Lower in power or position; degrade. 4. Music. Lessen by a semitone. H. vi. Grow or appear less; decrease; subside. [DI- and MINISH.] STN. Lessen; reduce; contract; curtail; retrench. ANT. Increase; enlarge; expand; extend; amplify. DIMINISHABLE (di-min'ish-a-bl), a. Capable of being diminished. DIMINISHES (di-inin'ish-er), n. One who or that which diminishes. DIMINISHINGLY (di-min'ish-ing-li), adv. In a manner tending to diminish or lessen. DIMINUENDO (di-min-u-en'do or de-me-no- en'do), Music. I. a. Gradually diminishing or lessening in volume of sound. II. adv. In a gradually diminishing manner, a direction to let the voice die away, expressed by dim. dimin., or the mark here printed. [It.] DIMINUTION (dim-i-nus'hun), n. 1. Act of diminishing. 2. State of being diminished; reduction; degradation. 3. Law. Omission in some part of the proceedings, or in a cer- tified record. DIMINUTIVAL (di-min-u-ti'val), o. Of or per- taining to, or of the nature of, a diminutive. DIMINUTIVE (di-min'u-tiv), I. a. 1. Of a di- minished size; smaller than the average; little. 2. Gram. Expressing or signifying diminution; diminutival; as a diminutive suffix. II. n. 1. Gram. Word formed from another word by use of a suffix to express a little one of the kind, as leaflet from leaf. The diminutive suffixes in English are -ie, -et, -ey, -ing, -Jein, -let, -ling, -ock, -ule, -y. 2. Any- thing very small or of little value. 3. Any medicine that tends to diminish or abate. [L. diminutivus; from ditninutus, p.p. of diminuo, diminish.] DIMINUTIVELY (di-min'u-tiv-li), adv. In a diminutive manner. DIMINUTIVENESS (di-min-u-tiv-nes), n. Qual- ity or state of being diminutive. DIMISSORY (dim'i-so-ri), a. 1. Giving leave to depart. 2. Sending away to another juris- diction. [L. dimissorius; from dimitto, send away.] DIMIT (di-mif), vt. [pr.p. DIMIT'TTNG; p.U and p.p. DIMIT'TED.] Send away. [L. dimitto.] DIMIT (di-mif), n. Certificate of dismissal from one lodge of Freemasons with recommenda- tions to another; demit. DIMITY (dim'i-ti), n. [pi. DIM'ITIES.] 1. Fine, light, corded, white or colored dress goods. 2. Stout white cotton cloth, striped or figured in the loom by weaving with two threads. [Gr. dimitos; from di, twice, and mitos, thread.] DIMLY (dim'li), adv. 1. Not clearly or plainly; obscurely. 2. Not brightly or luminously. DIMMISH (dim'ish), a. Somewhat dim. DIMNESS (dim'nes), n. Quality or state of being dim. DIMORPH (di'marf), n. Either of the forms of a dimorphous substance. [Gr. di-, two, and morphS, form.] DIMORPHIC (di-marf'ik), a. Same as DI- MORPHOUS. DIMORPHISM (di-marf'izm), n. 1. BoU State in which two forms of flower, leaf, etc., are produced by the same species of plant. 2. Zool. Difference of form between members of the same species. 3. Crystallog. Power of assuming, or crystallizing in, two distinct forms. DIMORPHOUS (di-marf'us), a. Assuming two distinct forms; characterized by or exhibiting dimorphism. DIMPLE (dim'pl), n. 1. Small natural depres- sion on the body, especially on the cheek or chin. 2. Any small depression on a smooth surface. [Dim. of DIP, with inserted m.] DIMPLE (dim'pl), v. [pr.p. DIM'PLING; p.U and p.p. DIMPLED (dim'pld).] I. vt. Make dimples in. II. vi. Form dimples; become dimpled. DIMPLED (dim'pld), a. 1. Having dimples or a dimple, as a dimpled chin. 2. Marked with, or sinking into, slight hollows or depressions, as dimpled waters. DIMPLY (dim'pli), a. Marked with or full of dimples; dimpled. DIMYARIAN (dim-i-a'ri-an), a. Zool. Double- muscled — applied to bivalves like the clam. [Gr. di-, two, and mys, muscle.] DIN (din), n. Loud continued clattering noise. [A. S. dyn, dyne.] DIN (din), v. [pr.p. DIN'NING; p.U and p.p. DINNED (dind).] I. vt. 1. Assail with noise. 2. Repeat or impress with noise; obtrude noisily. II. vi. Sound with, or as with, a din. DINAR (de-nar'), n. Ancient Arab gold coin of sixty-fivegrains weight. [L. denarius, denarius.] DINE (din), v. [pr.p. DINING; p.U and p.p. DINED (dind).] I. vt. 1. Give a dinner to. 2. Accommodate at dinner; afford room for dining. II. vi. Take dinner. [O. Fr. disner (Ft. diner); from L. L. disjejuno; from L. dis, away, and jejunus, fast.] DINER (di'ner), n. One who dines, or takes dinner. DINER-OUT (di'ner-owt), n. 1. One who habitually dines away from home. 2. One who is frequently invited out to dinner. DING (ding), v. [pr.p. DING'ING; p.U and p.p. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. DING 375 DIORTHOSIS DINGED (dlngd).] I. vt. Reiterate to a weari- some degree. II. vi. Keep sounding or ring- ing. [Imitative.] DING (ding), vt. [pr.p. DING'ING; p.t. and p.p. DINGED (dingd).] 1. Throw, dash, or hurl. 3. Beat; hit; strike. [Ice. dengja, bang.] DING (ding), n. Blow; thump; whack. DING-DONG (ding'dang), n. 1. Sound of bells ringing. 2. Monotony; sameness. DINGEY, DINGHY, DINGY (ding'gi), n. 1. East Indian canoe, propelled by paddles and one sail. 2. Extra boat of a ship for common uses. [Beng. dingl, boat.] DINGILY (din'ji-li), adv. In a dingy manner. DINGINESS (din'ji-nes), n. Quality or state of being dingy. DINGLE (ding'gi), n. 1. Little hollow or narrow valley. 2. Inclosed weather-porch of a dwel- ling. [Variant of DIMPLE.] DINGLE-DANGLE (ding'gl-dang-gl), adv. Hang- ing loosely; so as to swing backwards and forwards. [Duplication of DANGLE.] DINGO (ding'go), n. Native dog of Australia, the Canis dingo, somewhat resembling a wolf. [Aus- tral.] DINGY (din'ji), a. [comp. DIN'GIER; superl. DIN'- GIEST.] Of a dusky, dim, or soiled appearance; Dingo. dull; faded; dirty; tarnished. [Etym. doubtful.] DINIC (din'ik), I. o. Relating to vertigo or dizziness. II. n. Remedy for dizziness. [Gr. dinos, whirling.] DINNER (din'er), n. 1. Chief meal of the day. 2. Banquet; feast. DINOSAUR (di'no-sar), n. Paleon. Extinct gigantic reptile of the suborder Dinosauria, which attained a length of eighty feet. [Gr. deinos, terrible, and sauros, lizard.] DINOSAURIAN (di-no-sa'ri-an), I. a. Of or pertaining to the dinosaurs or Dinosaur la. H. n. Dinosaur. DINOTHERIUM (dl-no-the'ri-um), n. [pi. DI- NOTHE'RIA.] Paleon. Extinct elephant-like mammal of the Miocene strata. [Gr. deinos, terrible, and therion, beast.] DINT (dint), n. 1. Mark of a blow; dent. 2. Force; power — as in the phrase "by dint of." [A. S. dynt, blow.] DINT (dint), vt. [pr.p. DINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DINT'ED.] Make a dint in ; dent. DIOCESAN (di-os'e-san or di'o-se-san), I. a. Pertaining to a diocese. II. n. 1. Bishop as regards his diocese. 2. One of the clergy in the diocese. DIOCESE (di'o-sSs), n. Eccl. Circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction. [Gr. dioikSsis; from dia, through, and oiked, dwell; from oikos, house.] DlOMEDES (dl-o-me'dez), n. Greek Myth. 1. A Grecian chief in the Trojan war; went with Ulysses to steal the Palladium from the temple of Minerva at Troy. 2. A king of Thrace; fed his horses with human flesh. DlONE (di-6'ne), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, and mother of Aphrodite by Zeus. DIONYM (di'6-nim), n. Expression or name consisting of two terms or words. DlONYSUS (di-o-nl'sus), n. Greek Myth. God of wine; son of Zeus and Semele; also called by his original surname Bacchus; introduced culture of the vine and spent many years wandering about the earth. DIOPTER, DIOPTRE (di-op'ter), n. Optics. Unit of the refracting or focal power of a lens. [Gr. diopter, dioptra; from dia, through, and opsomal, see.] DIOPTRIC (di-op'- trik),DIOPTRIC- AL (di-op'trik- al), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to di- optrics. 2. Aid- ing the sight by refraction, as a lens. II. n. Di- opter. — Dioptric system, in light- houses, illumina- tion from a cen- _ f , Q , i omB „!,„« Section of dioptric system, wai lamp wnose s i low ingrays passing through rays are trans- dioptric lenses 1, 2 and 3 in mitted through a parallel lines, assisted by re- n „«,n!r.o«„„ „f flections from the dioptric combination of spherical minor. 1, 4, 3. lenses — opposed to REFLECTING SYSTEM. DIOPTRICAL (di-op'trik-al), a. Same as DIOPTRIC. DIOPTRICS (dl-op'triks), n. That branch of optics that treats of the refraction of light, or its transmission from one medium into an- other, differing in kind. DIORAMA (di-o-ra'ma or di-o-ra'ma), n. 1. Series of pictures, illuminated, and viewed through a large aperture from a darkened room. 2. Building for a dioramic exhibition. [Gr. dia, through, and horama, sight.] DIORAMIC (di-o-ram'ik), a. Pertaining to a diorama. DIOREXINE (di-o-reks'in), n. High explosive akin to dynamite with nitrate of potash as a base. DIORISM (di'o-rizm), n. Distinction; definition. [Gr. diorismos, division; from dia, through, and horos, boundary.] DIORISTIC (di-o-ris'tik), o. Defining; distin- guishing. DIORITE (di'o-rlt), n. Min. Granite-like rock composed of feldspar and hornblende. [Gr. dioros, divider.] DIORTHOSIS (di-ar-tho'sis), n. Surg. Reduc- tion of a fracture or dislocated bone. [Gr. dia, through, and orthos, straight.] fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; " ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn. DI OS PHENOL 376 DIPTEROUS DIOSPHENOL (di-os'fe-nol), n. South African gum camphor clarified. DIOXID (di-oks'id), DIOXIDE (di-oks'Id), n. Oxide containing one equivalent of oxygen to two of a metal. [DI- and OXIDE.] DIP (dip), v. [pr.p. DIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. DIPPED (dipt) or DIPT.] I. vt . 1. Immerse or plunge into any liquid for a moment. 2. Bail or take out as with a ladle. 3. Lower and raise again, as a flag. II. vi. 1. Plunge into a liquid for a short time. 2. Sink; decline. 3. Incline downward. 4. Engage slightly in any husiness. 5. Peruse here and there at random. [A. S. dyppan; from dypan, plunge in; from deop, deep.] DIP (dip), n. 1. Act of dipping. 2. Candle made by dipping a wick into melted tallow, etc. 3. Inclination downward. 4. Geol. Angle a stratum of rock makes with a horizontal plane. 5. Aviation. Sudden drop followed by a climb. DIPHASE (dl'faz), a. Elec, Two-phase. [See PHASE.] DIPHTHERIA (dif-the'ri-a), n. Pathol. In- fectious throat disease in which the air- passages become covered and impeded with a leathery membrane, and a dangerous fever is present. [Gr. diphthera, leather.] DIPHTHERITIC (dif-the-rit'ik), a. Pertaining to, arising from, or of the nature of, diphtheria. DIPHTHONG (dif thong), n. Orthoepy. Union of two vowels in one sound, as o and u in out. [Gr. diphthongos; from di-, twice, and phthon- gos, sound.] DIPHTHONGAL (dif-thong'gaD, a. Pertaining to or of the nature of a diphthong. DIPLEX (di'pleks), a. Double — applied specifi- cally to the simultaneous transmission of two messages in the same direction over the same wire, as in diplex telegraphy or diplex tele- phony. [L. di-, two, and plico, fold.] DIPLODOCUS (di-plod'o-kus), n. Saurian- footed wading reptile about sixty feet long and twelve feet high found in the American Jurassin deposits. [Gr. diploos, double, and dokos, beam.] DIPLOE (dip'16-e), n. Anat. Spongy tissue be- tween the hard inner and outer tables of the skull. [Gr. diploos, double.] DIPLOGENIC (dip-16-jen'ik), a. 1. Producing two substances. 2. Partaking of the nature of two bodies. [Gr. diploos, double, and gennao, produce.] DIPLOMA (di-pld'ma), n. Writing conferring some honor or privilege, as a university degree. [L.; from Gr. diploma, paper folded double; from diploos, double.] DIPLOMACY (di-plo'ma-si), n. [pi. DIPLO- MACIES.] 1. Art of conducting negotiations between nations; political skill. 2. Diplo- matic corps. 3. Tact or skill in conducting negotiations of any kind. [Fr. diplomatic; from L. diploma, diploma.] DIPLOMAT (dip'16-mat), n. 1. One skilled in diplomacy. 2. One engaged in international negotiations. DIPL03IATIC (dip-16-mat'ik), DIPLOMATIC- AL (dip-16-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to diplomacy. 2. Skillful in negotiation. — Diplomatic corps, whole body of foreign diplo- mats resident at any court or capital. DIPLOMATICALLY (dip-16-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In a diplomatic manner. DIPLOMATICS (dip-16-mat'iks), n. Science of ancient writings; paleography. DIPLOMATIST (di-plo'ma-tist), n. Same as DIPLOMAT. DIPLOPIA (di-plo'pi-a), n. Double vision. [Gr. diploos, double, and ops, opos, sight.] DlPNOI (dip'no-i), n.pl. Zool. Order of fish exhibiting a distinct transition between these fishes and Amphibia; lung fishes. [Gr. di-, twice, and pneo, breathe.] DIPNOOUS (dip'no-us), a. 1. Having both lungs and gills. 2. Pertaining to the Dipnoi. DIPOLAR ( dl-pd'lar ), a. Having two poles, as a magnetic bar. DIPPER (dip'er), n. 1. One who dips. 2. Im- plement for dipping. 3. Water-ousel; any quick-diving bird. — The Dipper, group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa Major (Big Dipper), and in the constellation Ursa Minor (Little Dipper). DIPPING (dip'ing), n. 1. Liquid into which something is dipped. 2. Immersion into a liquid. 3. Snuff-chewing habit of "dipping" or placing snuff on the inside Of the lower lip. DIPPING-NEEDLE (dip'ing-ne-dl), n. Instru- ment that shows the inclination of the mag- netic needle to the horizon at any given place. DIPSOMANIA (dip-so-ma'ni-a), n. Pathol. Morbid craving for alcoholic stimulants. [Gr. dipsa, thirst, and mania, mania.] DIPSOMANIAC (dip-so-ma'ni-ak), n. One af- fected with dipsomania. DIPSOSIS (dip-so'sis), n. Pathol. Morbid thirst; excessive desire of drinking. DIPTER (dip'ter), DIPTERAN (dip'ter-an), n. Dipterous insect; one of the Diptera. DlPTERA (dip'ter-a), n.pl. Entom. Order of insects, such as house-flies, gnats, etc., that have only two membranous wings developed, the hind pair being represented by two small knobbed organs called poisers. [Gr. dipteros, two-winged; from di-, twice, and pteron, wing.] DIPTERAL (dip'ter-al), a. 1. Dipterous. 2. Arch. Having a double range of columns all round. DIPTEROS (dip'ter-os), n. Arch. Building with double peristyle or colonnade. DIPTEROUS (dip'ter-us), a. 1. Entom. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Diptera. 2. Dot. Having two wing-like margins, as a seed or fruit. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. DIPTYCH 377 DIRTY DIPTYCH (dip'tik), n. [pi. DIPTYCHA (dip'ti- ka).] 1. Mom. Antiq. Double-folding writing tablet. 2. Pair of pictures as folding-tablets. 3. Eccl. Register of -bishops, saints, etc., read aloud during the eucharist. [Gr. dipty- chos; from di- t twice, and ptyktos, folded ; from ptyssd, fold.] DIRE (dir), a. [comp. DIR'ER; superl. DIR'EST.] Calamitous in a high degree; dreadful. [L. dirus, dreadful.] DlRCE (der'se), n. Greek Myth. Second wife of Lye us and put to death by the sons of Antiope for her ill-treatment of their mother. DIRECT (di-rekf), a. 1. Quite straight. 2. Shortest and most expeditious, as direct route or course. 3. Straightforward. 4. In the line of descent. 5. Outspoken; plain; express; sincere; unambiguous. 6. Assessed or paid directly, as a tax on real estate. 7. Astron. Ap- plied to the motion of a planet toward the east, or in the same direction that the sun moves among the stars. [L. directus, p.p. of dirigo, set straight, direct.] DIRECT (di-rekf), v. [pr.p. DIRECTING; p.t. and p.p. DIEECT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Keep or lay quite straight. 2. Point or aim straightly or correctly. 3. Point out the proper course to; guide. 4. Give instructions to; order; com- mand. 5. Control; govern; manage. 6. In- scribe with an address or direction. II. vi. Act as guide, conductor, leader, etc. DIRECTION (di-rek'shun), n. 1. Act of aiming at a certain point. 2. Line of course in which anything moves. 3. Guidance. 4. Command. 5. Superintendence. 6. Body of persons who guide or manage a matter. 7. Name and residence of a person; address. 8. Act of directing, in any sense. DIRECTIONAL (di-rek'shun-al), a. Direc- tive. DIRECTIVE (di-rekt'iv), o. Having power or tendency to direct. DIRECTLY (di-rekt'li), adv. 1. In a direct man- ner or course. 2. Without intermediary. 3. Immediately (in time and otherwise). SYN. Straightly; straightway; instantly; unde viatingly ; instanter. ANT. Indirectly; by-and-by; presently; shortly. DIRECTNESS (di-rekt'nes), w. Quality or state of being direct. DIRECTOIRE (de-rek-twar'), a. Of the time of the French Directory — close of the 18th cen- tury, as a directoire gown. [Fr.] DIRECTOR (di-rekfur), ft. [fern. DIRECT'- RESS.] 1. One who directs; manager; member of a governing body or board of directors. 2. Part of a machine or instrument which guides its motion. 3. Anything that controls, regu- lates, or directs by influence. DIRECTORATE (di-rekf ur-at), n. 1. Ofnce or position of a director. 2. Body or board of directors. DIRECTORIAL (di-rek-td'ri-al), a. 1. Pertain- ing to or containing directions. 2. Pertaining to directors. DIRECTORSHIP (di-rekf ur-ship), n. Same as DIRECTORATE. DIRECTORY (di-rekt'ur-i), a. Containing di- rections; guiding. DIRECTORY ( di-rekt'ur-i), n. [pi. DIRECT- ORIES.] 1. Body of directions. 2. Body of directors. 3. Book containing the names and residences of the inhabitants of a place. — The Directory, Fr. Directoire* executive council of the French Republican government of 1795-99. DIRECTRESS (di-rekf res), w. Woman who directs. DIREFUL (dir'fol), a. Calamitous; dreadful; fearful. D1REFULLY (dir'fol-i), adv. In a direful man- ner. DIREFULNESS (dlr'fol-nes), n. Quality or state of being direful. DIRGE (derg), w. Song or tune expressive of grief or mourning; funeral hymn. [L. dirige, direct thou, imper. of dirigo, direct. From the first word of a Latin funeral hymn beginning with Dirige, Doniine, meus, etc.] DIRIGENT (dir'i-jent), a. Directing. [L. dir- igens, pr.p. of dirigo, direct.] DIRIGIBLE (dir'i-ji-bl), I. a. Capable of being directed or steered, as a dirigible balloon. II. n. 1. Dirigible baloon; airship. 2. Dirigible torpedo. Dirigible Balloon. DIRK (derk), n. Dagger or poinard. [Ir. duirc] DIRK-KNIFE (derk'nif), ft. [pi. DIRK'- KNIVES.] Clasp-knife with a blade like that of a dirk. DIRT (dgrt), ft. 1. Mud; filth; mire. 2. Refuse; trash. 3. Loose Earth. 4. Mining. Earth, gravel, etc., put into the cradle to be washed. 5. Underhand abuse or injury. [Ice. dirt.] DIRTILY (dert'i-li), adv. In a dirty manner. DIRTINESS (dert'i-nes), ft. State»of being dirty; foulness ; filthiness. DIRTY (dert'i), a. [comp. DIRT'IER; superl. DIRT'IEST.] 1. Besmirched with dirt; un- f&te, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DIRTY 378 DISAPPEARANCE clean; foul; filthy. 2. Unclean In thought or conversation. 3. Despicable; mean, 4. Coarse; obscene. 5. Making filthy, foul, or unclean. 6. Not clear in color; dusky. 7. Stormy; in- clement. DIRTY (dert'i), vt. [pr.p. DIRT'YING; p.t. and p.p. DIRTIED (dert'id).] 1. Soil with dirt; make dirty; defile. 2. Sully or tarnish. DIS-, prefix. Denotes separation or a parting from, and has therefore the force of a privative and negative, as in disarm, disagree. Its force is sometimes intensive, as In dissever. Latin dis- becomes des- in Old French, and de in French. This latter form appears in several English words, as defeat, defy, etc., and must be carefully distinguished from the Latin de-, meaning down, from, away. Dis- becomes dif- t before /, as in diffuse. See DI-. [L. dis-, di-, apart, asunder; from duo, two.] DISABILITY (dis-a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. DISABILI- TIES.] 1. Want of bodily ability, strength, or power; impotence; weakness. 2. Want of mental ability; mental incapacity. 3. Want of legal qualification; legal incom- petency. SYN. Inability; incapability; disqualifica- tion; incompetence; incompetency. ANT. Qualification; fitness; ability; capability; competency; qualification. DISABLE (dis-abl), vt. [pr.p. DISA'BLING; p.t. and p.p. DISABLED (dis-a'bld).] 1. De- prive of power or strength, physical or mental; incapacitate; cripple; weaken. 2. Law. Dis- qualify. DISABLEMENT (dis-a'bl-ment), n. Act of dis- abling. DISABUSE (dis-a-buz'\ vt. [pr.p. DISABU'SING; p.t. and p.p. DISABUSED (dis-a-buzd').] Un- deceive; set right. DISACCUSTOM (dis-ak-kus'tum), vt. [pr.p. DISACCUS'TOMING; p.t. and p.p. DIS- ACCUSTOMED (dis-ak-kus'tumd).] Cause a custom or habit of to be lost through disuse. DISADVANTAGE (dis-ad-van'taj), n. 1. Injury suffered; drawback; loss. 2. That which prevents or is unfavorable to success. 3. State in which one person or thing stands or con- trasts unfavorably with another. DISADVANTAGE (dis-ad-van'taj), vt. [pr.p. DIS AD VAN'T AGING; p.t. and p.p. DISAD- VANTAGED (dis-ad-van'tajd).] Cause a dis- advantage or detriment to; prejudice. DISADVANTAGEOUS (dis-ad-van-ta'jus), a. Attended with disadvantage; unfavorable. DISADVANTAGEOUSLY (dis-ad-van-ta'jus-li), adv. In a disadvantageous manner. DIS AD VANTAGEOUSNESS ( dls-ad-van-ta'j us- nes), n. Quality of being disadvantageous. DISAFFECT (dis-af-fekf), vt. [pr.p. DISAF- FECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAFFECT ED.] 1. Make discontented or unfriendly; alienate. 2. Disturb; disorder. DISAFFECTED (dis-af-fekt'ed), a. 1. Ill-dis- posed; disloyal; unfriendly. 2. Disturbed; disordered. DISAFFECTION (dis-af-fek'shun), n. 1. State of being disaffected. 2. Act of becoming disaffected. DISAFFIRM (dis-af-ferm'), vt. [pr.p. DISAF- FIRMING; p.t. and p.p. DISAFFIRMED (dis-af-fermd').] 1. Contradict; deny. 2. Law. Reverse, as the decision of a lower court. DISAFFIRMANCE (dis-af-ferm'ans), n. Act of disaffirming. DISAFFIRMATION(dis-af-fer-ma'shun), n. Dis- affirmance. DISAGREE (dis-a-gre'), vi. [pr.p. DISAGREE'- LNG; p.t. and p.p. DISAGREED (dis-a-gred').] 1. Differ or be at variance; be unlike. 2. Hold opposite or contrary views. 3. Fall out; quarrel. 4. Be unsuitable or a source of an- noyance. DISAGREEABLE ( dis-a-gre 'a-bl), a. Not agree- able; unpleasant; offensive. DISAGREEABLENESS (dis-a-gre'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being disagreeable. DISAGREEABLY (dis-a-gre'a-bli), adv. In a disagreeable manner. DISAGREEMENT (dis-a-gre'ment), n. 1. Want of agreement; difference; dissimilarity. 2. Unsuitableness ; unfitness. 3. Difference of opinions or views. 4. Falling out; quarrel. SYN. Contrariety; discrepancy; diversity; altercation; dispute; wrangle. ANT. Agree- ment; concord; harmony; amity; peace. DISALLOW (dis-al-low'), v . [pr.p. DISALLOW- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISALLOWED (dis-al- lowd').] I. vt. 1. Refuse to sanction or permit; disapprove. 2. Not to allow; reject. II. vi. Refuse permission. DISALLOWABLE (dis-al-low'a-bl), a. Not al- lowable. DISALLOWANCE (dis-al-low'ans), n. Act of disallowing; disapprobation; rejection. DISAPPEAR (dis-ap-per'), vi. [pr.p. DISAP- PEARING; p.t. and p.p. DISAPPEARED (dis-ap-perd').] 1. Vanish from sight. 2. Cease to exist. — Disappearing gun, heavy cannon equipped so that after firing the gun auto- matically recedes below the crest of the forti- fication. Disappearing Gun. DISAPPEARANCE (dis-ap-per'ans), n. disappearing. Act of fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, " ii=« in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotcn loch. DISAPPOINT 379 DISCARD DISAPPOINT (dis-ap-point'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- APPOINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAPPOINT 'ED.] 1. Defeat expectation of. 2. Frustrate; foil. 3. Fail or neglect to keep an appointment or engagement with. [Fr. desappointer.] SYN. Foil; defeat; betray; deceive; balk; frustrate; baffle; delude; mortify. ANT. Realize; fulfill; gratify; satisfy. DISAPPOINTMENT (dis-ap-point'ment), n. 1. Defeat or frustration of one's hopes, expec- tations, or desires. 2. State of being dis- appointed. 3. That which disappoints. DISAPPROBATION (dis-ap-pro-ba'shun), n. Disapproval; censure, either expressed or unexpressed; dislike. DISAPPROBATORY (dis-ap'pro-ba-to-ri), a. Containing, expressing, or implying disap- probation. DISAPPROVAL (dis-ap-prov'al), n. Act of dis- approving; disapprobation. DISAPPROVE ( dis-ap-prov' ), v. [pr.p. DISAP- PROVING; pt. and p.p. DISAPPROVED (dis- ap-provd').] I. vt. 1. Give an unfavorable opinion of; express or feel disapprobation of. 2 Reject. II. vi. Feel or show disapproba- tion or dislike. DISAPPROVINGLY (dis-ap-prov'ing-li), adv. In a manner expressive of disapproval. DISARM (dis-arm'), v. [pr.p. DISARMING; p.t. and p.p. DISARMED (dis-armd').] I. vt. 1. Deprive of arms; render defenseless. 2. Re- duce to a peace footing. 3. Deprive of the power to hurt; quiet; calm. II. vi. Reduce national armaments to a peace footing; lay aside arms. [O. Fr. desarmer; from des- (L. dis-), neg., and artner, arm.] DISARMAMENT (dis-arm'a-ment), n. Act of disarming. DISARRANGE (dis-ar-ranj'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- ARRANGING; p.t. and p.p. DISARRANGED (dis-ar-ranjd').] Disturb the order or arrange- ment of; put out of order; derange. DISARRANGEMENT ( dis-ar-ranj 'ment), n. 1. Act of disarranging. 2. State of being dis- arranged. DISARRAY (dis-ar-ra/), v. [pr.p. DISARRAY'- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISARRAYED (dis-ar- rad').] I. vt. 1. Break the array of. 2. Throw Into disorder. 3. Strip of array or dress. II. vi. Undress. DISARRAY (dis-ar-ra/), n. 1. Want of array or order. 2. Undress; disorder in dress. DISARTICULATE (dis-ar-tik'u-Iat), vt. [pr.p. DISARTICULATING; p.t. and p.p. DISAR- TICULATED.] Separate the joints of. DISARTICULATION (dis-iir-tik-u-la'shun), n. Act of disarticulating. DISASSOCIATE (dis-as-so'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. DISASSOCIATING; p.t. and p.p. DISAS- SOCIATED.] Disconnect; separate; disso- ciate. DISASTER (diz-as'ter), n. Adverse or unfor- tunate event; calamity. [O. Fr. desastre; from des- (L. dis-), away, and astre (L. astrum), star.] SYN. See CALAMITY. DISASTROUS (diz-as'trus), a. 1. Calamitous; ruinous. 2. Foreboding disaster. DISASTROUSLY (diz-as'trus-li), adv. In a dis- astrous manner. DISAVOW (dis-a-vow'), vt. [pr.p. DISAVOW- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAVOWED (dis-a-vowd').] Disclaim knowledge of, sanction of, or con- nection with ; disown ; deny. [O. Fr. desavouer; from des- (L. dis-), away, and avouer, avow.] DISAVOWAL (dis-a-vow'al), a. 1. Act of dis- avowing. 2. A denial. DISBAND (dis-band'), v. [pr.p. DISBAND'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISBAND'ED.] I. vt. Break up and dismiss or disperse, as a regiment or an army. II. vi. Break up or disperse; retire from military service and disperse, as a regi- ment of soldiers. DISBANDMENT (dis-band'ment), n. Act of disbanding. DISBAR (dis-bar'), vt. [pr.p. DISBAR'RING; p.t. and p.p. DISBARRED ( dis-bard').] Law. Deprive of the right to plead as an attorney. DISBARMENT (dis-bar'ment), n. Act of dis- barring. DISBELIEF (dis-be-lef), n. Want of belief or faith; unbelief. SYN. See DOUBT. DISBELIEVE (dis-be-leV), v. [pr.p. DISBELIEV- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISBELIEVED (dis-be- levd').] I. vt. 1. Refuse belief or credit to. 2. Deny the truth of, especially religious dogmas. II. vi. Refuse to believe in a creed. DISBELIEVER (dis-be-lev'er), n. One who dis- believes; unbeliever. DISBOSCATION (dis-bos-ka'shun), n. Making arable land out of timber-covered land. [DIS- and BOSCAGE.] DISBURDEN (dis-bur'dn), v. [pr.p. DISBUR'- DENING; p.t. and p.p. DISBURDENED (dis- bur'dnd).] I. vt. 1. Remove a burden from; unload. 2. Rid or free from any incumbrance. II. vi. Free one's self of a burden; unburden. DISBURSABLE (dis-burs'a-bl), a. Capable of being disbursed. DISBURSE (dis-burs'), vt. [pr.p. DISBURSING; p.t. and p.p. DISBURSED (dis-burst').] Pay out. [O. Fr. desbourser; from des- (L. dfs-), apart, and bourse, burse.] DISBURSEMENT (dis-biirs'ment), n. 1. A paying out. 2. That which is paid out. DISBURSER (dis-burs'er), n. One who dis- burses or pays out money. DISC (disk), n. Same as DISK. DISCAL (disk'al), a. Pertaining to or resembling DISCARD (dis-kard'), v. [pr.p. DISCARDING; p.t. and p.p. DISCARD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cards. Throw out from the hand as not needed or of use to the player. 2. Throw off or away; get rid of; discharge; reject. II. vi. Throw out fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, ti=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in scotch loch. DISCARD 380 D1SCOIDAL of the hand a card or cards not wanted, as in a game of euchre or whist. [DIS- and CARD.] DISCARD (dis-kard'), n. 1. Act of discarding. 2. Card or cards thrown out of the hand. DISCERN (di-zern'), vt. [pr.p. DISCERN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCERNED (di-zernd').] 1. Distinguish clearly by the eye or the under- standing. 2. Judge or decide between; dis- criminate. [L. discerno; from dis-, thoroughly, and cerno, perceive.] SYN. Descry; observe; recognize; see; differentiate; separate; perceive. ANT. Overlook; confound; disregard; slight. DISCERNER (di-zern'er), n. 1. One who dis- cerns. 2. One capable of discriminating or judging. DISCERNIBLE (di-zern'i-bl), a. Capable of be- ing discerned. DISCERNIBLT (di-zern 'i-bli), adv. In a discern- ible manner. DISCERNING (di-zern'ing), a. 1. Sharpsighted; penetrating; acute. 2. Discriminating. DISCERNMENT (di-zern'ment), n. 1. Act of discerning. 2. Power or faculty of discrimina- ting; judgment; acuteness. SYN. Insight; penetration; acumen; perspicacity; keenness; sagacity. ANT. Dullness; obtuseness; stupidity. DISCHARGE (dis-charj'), v. [pr.p. DISCHAR- GING; p.t. and p.p. DISCHARGED ( dis- charj d').] I. vt. 1. Free from a load or charge. 2. Unload or remove the cargo of. 3. Set free; acquit. 4. Dismiss. 5. Fire, as a gun. 6. Let out or emit. 7. Perform, as duties. 8. Pay, as a debt. 9. Give vent to; utter. 10. Annul; abrogate; cancel. II. vi. 1. Unload a cargo. 2. Emit or empty out contents. 3. Elec. Equalize differences of potential by con- necting them by a conductor. [O. Fr. dis- charger; from des-, apart, and charger, load.] SYN. Liberate; empty; dismiss. ANT. Confine; charge; detain. DISCHARGE (dis-charj'), n. 1. Act or process of discharging. 2. That which is discharged. 3. State of being released or discharged. 4. Writing or document certifying to the dis- charge or release of a person, as from military service, an obligation, etc. DISCHARGER (dis-char'jer), n. 1. One who or that which discharges. 2. Elec. Device for releasing or discharging the residue of stored electricity from a storage battery prior to re- charging. DISCIPLE (dis-si'pl), n. One who follows or be- lieves in the doctrine of another. [L. dis- cipulus; from disco, learn.] DISCIPLESHIP (dis-si'pl-ship), n. State of be- ing a disciple. DISCIPLINARIAN (dis-i-plin-a'ri-an), n. One who enforces strict discipline. DISCIPLINARY (dis'i-plin-a-ri), a. Of the nature of discipline. DISCIPLINE (dis'i-plin), n. 1. Training gen- erally. 2. Mode of life in accordance with rules. 3. Course of instruction in a special branch of knowledge or art. 4. Punishment for the sake of correction or training. 5. Sys- tematic subjection to authority. 6. Chastise- ment, or the instrument of it. 7. 31cthod or rules for maintaining order and regularity. 8. State of being under complete command. 9. Eccl. The rules and their enforcement binding upon the members of the church. 10. Self-chastisement for penance, or the instrument of it. [L. disciplina; from dis- cipulus, disciple.] SYN. Education; instruction; training; culture; subjection; control; order; govern- ment; correction; punishment; chastise- ment; drill; exercise. ANT. Disorder; mutiny; disorganization. DISCIPLINE (dis'i-plin), vt. [pr.p. DISCIPLIN- ING; p.*. and p.p. DISCIPLINED (dis'i-plind).] 1. Bring into a state of discipline; teach; train; drill. 2. Correct; chastise; punish; 3. Keep in subjection; regulate. 4. Enforce the discipline or laws of the church against. SYN. Drill; train; educate; chastise; chasten; punish. ANT. Indulge; humor; pamper; spoil. DISCIPLINER (dis'i-plin-er), n. One who dis- ciplines. DISCLAIM (dis-klam'), vt. [pr.p, DISCLAIM'- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCLAIMED (dis-klamd').] 1. Renounce all claim to. 2. Refuse to ac- knowledge or be responsible for; disown, 3. Law. Relinquish or disavow any claim to, as a matter in dispute. [O. Fr. disclaimer; from L. dis-, apart, and clatno, cry out.] DISCLAIMER (dis-klam'er), n. 1. One who disclaims. 2. Act of disclaiming. 3. Law. In equity, a plea put in on the part of a de- fendant in which he disclaims all right or title to the matter in demand by the plaintiff's bill. DISCLAMATION (dis-cla-ma'shun), w. Dis- avowal. DISCLOSE (dis-kloz'), v. [pr.p. DISCLO'SING; p.t. and p.p. DISCLOSED (dis-klozd').] I. vt. 1. Lay open; bring into view; reveal. 2. Make known; publish; tell; divulge. II. vi. Unclose; open. [O. Fr. desclos; from L. dis- cludo, open; from dis-, apart, and claudo, close.] SYN. Discover; detect; confess. ANT. Cover; conceal; suppress. DISCLOSER (dis-klo'zer), n. One who discloses. DISCLOSURE (dis-klo'zhor), n. 1. Act of dis- closing. 2. That which is disclosed. DISCOBOLUS (dis-kob'o-lus), n. Discus throw- er. [L. — Gr. discoiolos.] DISCOID (dis'koid), I. a. Having the form of a disk. II. n. Disk or discoid object. [Gr. diskos, disk, and eidos, form.] DISCOIDAL (dis-koid'al), a. Discoid. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DISCOLOR 381 DISCORDIA DISCOLOR (dis-kul'ur), vt. [pr.p. DISCOL'OR- ING; p.U and p.p. DISCOLORED (dis-kul'urd).] 1. Take away color from. 2. Change or spoil the natural color of. 3. Alter the ap- pearance of; put a different complexion upon. 4. Stain; dirty; disfigure. [DIS- and COLOR.] DISCOLORATION (dis-kul-ur-a'shun), n. 1. Act of discoloring. 2. State of being dis- colored. DISCOMFIT (dis-kum'fit), vt. [pr.p. DIS- COM'FITING; p.U and p.p. DISCOMFITED.] 1. Disconcert; balk. 2. Defeat or rout; van- quish. [O. Fr. desconfit, p.p. of desconfire; from des- (L. dis-), away, and confire, prepare. ] DISCOMFITURE (dis-kum'fit-ur), n. 1. Act of discomfiting. 2. State of being discomfited. DISCOMFORT (dis-kum'furt), vt. [pr.p. DIS- COMFORTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOM'- FORTED.] Make uncomfortable; cause un- easiness to; pain; grieve. [O. Fr. desconforter ; from des-, apart, and conforter, comfort.] DISCOMFORT (dis-kum'furt), n. State of being uncomfortable; uneasiness; disquietude. DISCOMMODE (dis-kom-modO, vt. [pr.p. DIS- COMMONING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOMMODED.] Put to inconvenience; incommode. SYN. See ANNOY. DISCOMPOSE (dis-kom-poz'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- COMPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOMPOSED (dis-kom-pozd').] 1. Deprive of composure. 2. Disarrange; disorder. 3. Disturb; agitate. DISCOMPOSURE (dis-kom-po'zhur), n. Per- turbation of mind; disquiet; agitation; dis- order. DISCONCERT (dis-kon-serf), vt. [pr.p. DIS- CONCERTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONCERT'- ED.] 1. Put out of countenance; confuse; flurry. 2. Deprive of harmony or agreement; discompose. [L. dis-, apart, and concerto, concert.] SYN. Abash; confuse; confound; upset; derange; discomfit. ANT. Encourage; rally; countenance; aid. DISCONCERTION (dis-kon-ser'shun), n. 1. Act of disconcerting. 2. State of being dis- concerted. DISCONFORMABLE (dis-kon-farm'a-bl), a. Not conformable. DISCONFQRMITY(dis-kon-farm'i-ti), n. Want of conformity; inconsistency. DISCONNECT (dis-kon-nekf), vt. [pr.p. DIS- CONNECTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONNECT- ED.] Separate or disjoin. DISCONNECTED (dis-kon-nekt'ed), a. 1. Sep- arated. 2. Loosely united; incoherent. DISCONNECTER (dis-kon-nek'ter), n. 1. One who or that which disconnects. 2. Mech. and Elec. Device for disconnecting machinery or electrical apparatus. DISCONNECTION (dis-kon-nek'shun), n. 1. Act of disconnecting. 2. State of being dis- connected. DISCONSOLATE (dis-kon'so-lat), a. 1. Without consolation or comfort; sorrowful. 2. Not affording consolation; comfortless. SYN. Sad; forlorn; melancholy; un- happy; desolate; woful. ANT. Joyous; cheerful; merry; happy; gay; jovial; blithe; gladsome. DISCONSOLATELY (dis-kon'so-lat-li), adv. In a disconsolate manner. DISCONSOLATENESS (dis-kon'so-lat-nes), n. Quality or state of being disconsolate. DISCONTENT (dis-kon-tent'), I. a. Not content; dissatisfied; discontented. II. n. Want of content; dissatisfaction. DISCONTENT (dis-kon-tent'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- CONTENTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONTENT- ED.] Deprive of content; stir xip dissatis- faction in; cause to be displeased. DISCONTENTED (dis-kon-tent'ed), a. Dis- satisfied; displeased. DISCONTENTEDLY ( dis-kon-tent 'ed-li), adv. In a discontented manner. DISCONTENTEDNESS (dis-kon-tent'ed-nes), n. Quality or state of being discontented. DISCONTENTING (dis-kon-tent'ing), a. Not contenting or satisfying. DISCONTENTMENT (dis-kon-tent'ment), n. State of discontent; want of contentment. DISCONTINUABLE (dis-kon-tin'u-a-bl), a. That can be discontinued. DISCONTINUANCE (dis-kon-tin'u-ans), n. 1. A breaking off or ceasing; interruption or dis- ruption of connection. 2. State of being dis- continued. DISCONTINUATION (dis-kon-tin-u-a'shun), n. Discontinuance; discontinuity. DISCONTINUE (dis-kon-tin'u), v. [pr.p. DIS- CONTINUING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONTIN- UED (dis-kon-tin'ud).] I. vt. 1. Cease to continue; put an end to; leave off; stop. 2. Break the continuity of; intermit. II. vi. 1. Cease. 2. Separate. SYN. See CEASE. DISCONTINUITY (dis-kon-ti-nti'i-ti), n. Want or loss of continuity. DISCONTINUOUS (dis-kon-tin'u-us), a. Not continuous; disconnected. DISCORD (dis'kard), n. 1. Disagreement; strife. 2. Difference or contrariety of qualities. 3. Music. Combination of unharmonious sounds. [L. discordia; from dis- neg, and cor, cordis, heart.] SYN. Disagreement; variance. ANT. Harmony; accordance; amity. DISCORDANCE (dis-kard'ans), n. State or quality of being without concord or agree- ment; discord. DISCORDANCY (dis-kard'an-si), n. Discord- ance. DISCORDANT (dis-kard'ant), a. Not in accord; inconsistent; contradictory; harsh; jarring. DISCORDANTLY (dis-kard'ant-li), adv. In a discordant manner. DlSCORDIA (dis-kar'di-a), n . Greek Myth. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: nrlte, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, U=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, cAen, teh=ch in Scotch loch. DISCOUNT ui.. DISCRETELY Daughter of Nox, goddess of discord; driven from heaven for causing dissension. DISCOUNT (dis'kownt or dis-kownt'), v. [pr.p. DISCOUNTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOUNTED.] I. vt. 1. Deduct a percentage from, as from a hill or account for prompt payment. 2. Lend or advance the amount of, deducting the interest or other rate per cent from the principal at the time of the advance. 3. Take into consideration or estimate hefore hand; anticipate; forestall. II. vi. Lend or make a practice of lending money, deducting the in- terest at the time of the loan. [O. Fr. des- comptcr; from des-, away, and compter, count.] DISCOUNT (dis'kownt), n. 1. Act of discount- ing. 2. Kate of discount. 3. Sum deducted in discounting. — At a discount. 1. Below par; depreciated below the nominal value. 2. Out of favor or esteem; unappreciated. DISCOUNTABLE (dis-kownt'a-bl), a. Capable of being discounted. DISCOUNTENANCE (dis-kown'te-nans), vt. [pr. p. DISCOUN'TENANCING; p.t. and p.p. DIS- COUNTENANCED (dis-kown'te-nanst).] Re- fuse countenance or support to; discourage; disapprove. DISCOUNTENANCE (dis-kown'te-nans), n. Cold treatment; disapprobation. DISCOURAGE (dis-kur'aj), vt. [pr.p. DIS- COURAGING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOURAGED (dis-kur'ajd).] 1. Take away the courage of; dishearten. 2. Seek to check by showing disfavor to; discountenance; oppose. SYN. Deter; dissuade; dispirit. ANT. Encourage; embolden; inspirit. DISCOURAGEMENT (dis-kur'aj-ment), n. 1. Act of discouraging. 2. That which discour- ages. 3. Dejection; depression. DISCOURAGER (dis-kur'aj-er), n. One who discourages. DISCOURAGING (dis-kur'aj-ing), a. Tending to discourage; disheartening; dispiriting; de- pressing. DISCOURSE (dis-kors'), n. 1. Speech or lan- guage generally; conversation. 2. Treatise; dissertation; address; sermon. 3. Logic. Ratiocination. [Fr. discours; from L. dis- cursus; from dis-, away, and curro, run.] DISCOURSE (dis-kors), v. [pr.p. DISCOURS- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOURSED (dis-korst').] 1. vt. Utter or give forth. II. vi. 1. Talk or converse. 2. Treat formally. 3. Deliver a discourse. 4. Reason. DISCOURSIVE (dis-kors'iv), a. 1. Conversable. 2. Containing dialogue; conversational. 3. Pertaining to reason; discursive. DISCOURTEOUS (dis-kur'te-us), a. Uncivil; rude. DISCOURTEOUSLY (dis-kur'te-us-li), adv. In a discourteous manner. DISCOURTEOUSNESS (dis-kur'te-us-nes), n. Want of courtesy; rudeness; incivility. DISCOURTESY (dis-kur'te-si), n. [pi. DIS- COUR'TESIES.] Want of courtesy; rudeness; Incivility; act of rudeness or disrespect. DISCOUS (disk'us), a. Disk-shaped; discoid. DISCOVER (dis-kuv'er), v. [pr.p. DISCOVER- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOVERED (dls-kuv'- erd).] I. vt. 1. Disclose; reveal. 2. Detect. 3. Gain the first sight of; descry; espy. 4. Find out by exploration. 5. Invent. II. vi. Reveal one's self. [O. Fr. descouvrir; from des-, away, and couvrir, cover.] SYN. See DESCRY. DISCOVERABLE (dis-kuv'er-a-bl), a. Capable of being discovered. DISCOVERER (dls-kuv'er-er), n. One who dis- covers or makes a discovery." DISCOVERT (dis-kuv'ert), a. Law. Not under the honds of matrimony; not covert; un- married. DISCOVERTURE (dis-kuv'ert-iir), n. Freedom of a woman, as unmarried or a widow, from the coverture of a husband. DISCOVERY (dis-kuv'er-i), n. [pi. DISCOVER- IES.] 1. Act of discovering. 2. Thing dis- covered. 3. Unraveling or unfolding of the plot of a play. DISCREDIT (dis-kred'it), vt. [pr.p. DISCREDIT- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCREDITED.] 1. Have no faith or belief in; disbelieve. 2. Bring into disrepute; dishonor. 3. Law. Deprive of credibility. DISCREDIT (dis-kred'it), n. 1. Act of dis- crediting or disbelieving. 2. Lack of credit. DISCREDITABLE (dis-kred'it-a-bl), a. Tending to injure credit or reputation; not creditable; disgraceful. DISCREDITABLY (dis-kred'it-a-hli), adv. In a discreditable manner. DISCREET (dis-kref), a. Wise in avoiding errors; circumspect; prudent; judicious. [L. discretus, p.p. of discerno, discern.] DISCREETLY (dis-kret'li), adv. In a discreet manner; with discretion. DISCREETNESS (dis-kref nes), n. Quality of being discreet. DISCREPANCY (dis-krep'an-si), n. [pi. DIS- CREPANCIES.] Variance of fact or sentiment; contrariety or disagreement. DISCREPANT (dis-krep'ant), a. Differing; vary- ing; disagreeing; at variance. [L. discrepans, pr.p. of discrepo, differ in sound.] DISCRETE (dis-kref), a. 1. Distinct or separate 2. Consisting of distinct parts. 3. Referring to distinct parts; opposite of CONCRETE. — Discrete proportion, proportion where the ratio of two or more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there is not the same proportion between all the numbers, as 3:6::8:16. — Discrete quantity, a quantity conceived of as made up of units, and dis- tinct from a continued or continuous quan- tity. [L. discretus, p.p. of discemo, discern.] DISCRETELY (dis-kret'li), adv. In a discrete manner; disconnectedly. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her: mite, init; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, U=« in Scotch yude; oil, owl, i/t«n, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. DISCRETENESS 383 DISEASE DISCRETENESS (dis-kret'nes), n. Quality of being discrete. DISCRETION (dis-kresh'un), n. 1. Quality of being discreet; prudence; sagacity. 2. Liberty to act at pleasure. — To surrender at discre- tion, to surrender without stipulation or terms, at the mercy of the conqueror. DISCRETIONAL (dis-kresh'un-al), a. Dis- cretionary. DISCRETIONALLT (dis-kresh'un-al-i), DIS- CRETIONARILY (dis-kresh'un-a-ri-li), adv. At or according to discretion. DISCRETIONARY (dis-kresh'un-a-ri), a. Left to discretion; unrestricted. DISCRETIVE (dis-kre'tiv), a. Disjunctive; separating. DISCRETIVELY (dis-kre'tiv-li), adv. In a dis- cretive manner; to mark or express distinc- tion. DISCRIMINATE (dis-krim'i-nat), v. [pr.p. DIS- CRIMINATING; p.t. and p.p. DISCRIMI- NATED.] I. vt. 1. Make a distinction be- tween; distinguish. 2. Select from others. 3. Distinguish by some note or mark. II. vi. 1. Note the difference between things. 2, Make a distinction. [L. discriminatus, p.p. of discrimino, separate or distinguish.] DISCRIMINATE (dis-krim'i-nat), a. Having the difference marked; distinctive; distinct. DISCRIMINATELY (dis-krim'i-nat-li), adv. With minute distinction; distinctly; par- ticularly. DISCRIMINATENESS (dis-krim'i-nat-nes), n. 3Iarked difference; distinction. DISCRIMINATING (dis-krim'i-na-ting), a. 1. Able to make nice distinctions. 2. Serving to discriminate or distinguish. DISCRIMINATINGLY (dis-krim'i-na-tlng-li ), adv. In a discriminating manner; particularly. DISCRIMINATION (dis-krim-i-na'shun), n. 1. Faculty or power of discriminating. 2. Act of discriminating. 3. State of being dis- criminated; distinction. 4. Mark of distinc- tion. SYN. Penetration; sagacity; acuteness; nicety; shrewdness; discernment. ANT. Indiscriminateness ; confusedness; dullness. DISCRIMINATIVE (dis-krim'i-na-tiv), a. 1. Serving to distinguish; distinguishing. 2. Observing distinctions or differences; dis- criminating. DISCRIMINATI VEL Y (dis-krim'i-na-tiv-li) , adv. With discrimination. DISCRIMINATOR (dis-krim'i-na-tflr), n. One who discriminates. DISCRIMINATORY (dis-krim'i-na-to-ri), a. Dis- criminative. DISCROWN (dis-krown'), vt. [pr.p. DISCROWN'- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCROWNED (dls- krownd').] Deprive of a crown. DISCUMRENCY (dis-kum'ben-si), n. Act or practice of reclining at meals. [L. discumbens, pr.p. of discumbo, lie down.] DISCURSION (dis-kur'shun), n. 1. Desultory talk. 2. Act of discoursing or reasoning. 3. A running about. DISCURSIVE (dis-kur'siv), a. 1. Rambling; des- ultory; unconnected. 2. Reasoning; rational; argumentative. [L. discursus, p.p. of discurro, run apart; from dis-, away, apart, and curro, run.] DISCURSIVELY (dis-kur'siv-li), adv. In a dis- cursive manner. DISCURSIVENESS (dis-kur'siv-nes), n. State or quality of being discursive. DISCURSORY (dis-kur'so-ri), a. Discursive. DISCUS (dis'kus), n. [pi. DISCI (dis'si); E. DISCUSES.] 1. Quoit. 2. Biol. Disk. [L., from Gr. diskos, quoit.] DISCUSS (dis-kus'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- CUSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. DIS- CUSSED (dis-kust').] 1. Argue or dispute upon; debate. 2. Test by eating or drinking; as, to dis- cuss a fowl or a bottle of wine. (Colloq.) [L. discussus, p.p. of discutio, shake asunder.] SYN. See ARGUE, EXAM- INE. DISCUSSION (dis-kush'un), n. 1. Act of dis- cussing; debate; argument. 2. Surg. Dis- persion of a tumor. DISCUSSIONAL (dis-kush'un-al), a. Of or per- taining to discussion. DISCUSSIVE (dis-kus 'iv), cussion; discussional. DISCUSSIVE (dis-kus'iv), n. A discutient. DISCUTIENT (dis-ku'shent), I. a. 3Ied. Dis- persing morbid matter. II. n. Medicine hav- ing power of dispersing morbid matter. [L. discutiens, pr.p. of discutio, scatter.] DISDAIN (dis-dan'), v. [pr.p. DISDAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISDAINED (dis-dand).] I. vt. 1. Feel contempt or scorn for; despise; contemn. 2. Reject or refuse as unworthy of one's self. II. vi. To be filled or moved with indignation or scorn. [O. Fr. desdaign; from L. dis-, away, and dignus, worthy.] DISDAIN (dis-dan'), n. Feeling of scorn or haughty contempt. DISDAINFUL (dis-dan'fol), a. Expressing dis- dain; contemptuous. DISDAINFULLY (dis-dan'fol-i), adv. In a dis- dainful manner. DISDAINFULNESS (dis-dan'fol-nes), n. Super- ciliousness; haughty scorn. DISEASE (diz-eV), n. Any disorder or morbid condition in the structure or function of any organ belonging to a vegetable, an animal, or a spiritual organism, or to any organized body, such as a state. [Prefix DIS- and EASE.] DISEASE (diz-eV), vt. [pr.p. DISEASING; p.t. and p.p. DISEASED (diz-ezd').] Affect with disease; derange. Greek Discus thrower. Relating to dis- a. Discutient. II. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, ii=tf in Scotch gude; oil, owl, thsn, kh=c/i in Scotch, loch, DISEMBARK DISE3IBARK (dis-em-bark'), v. [pr.p. DIS- EMBARK'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBARKED dis-em-barkt').] I. vt. Put ashore from a ship; debark. II. vi. Quit a ship; go ashore; land. DISEMBARKATION (dis-em-bar-ka'shun), n. Act of disembarking. DISEMBARRASS ( dis-em-bar'as ), vt. [pr.p. DISEMBAR'RASSING; p.t. and p.p. DISEM- BARRASSED (dis-em-bar'ast).] To free from embarrassment or perplexity. DISEMBARRASSMENT (dis-em-bar'as-ment), n. Act of extricating from perplexity. DISEMBODIMENT (dis-em-bod'i-ment), n. 1. Act of disembodying. 2. State of being dis- embodied. DISEMBODY (dis-em-bod'i), vt. [pr.p. DIS- EMBOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBODIED (dis-em-bod'id).] 1. Divest or free from a body. 2. Disband, as a military body. DISE31BOGUE (dis-em-b6g'), v. [pr.p. DIS- EMBOGU'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBOGUED (dis-em-bogd').] I. vt. Pour out or discharge, as a river, by its mouth into the ocean or lake. II. vi. Flow out at the mouth, as a river. [L. dis, asunder, and embocar, put into the mouth.] DISEMBOWEL (dis-em-bow'el), vt. [pr.p. DIS- EMBOWELING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBOW- ELED (dis-em-bow'eld).] 1. Take out the bowels of; eviscerate. 2. Tear out the inside of anything. DISENABLE ( dis-en-a'bl), vt. [pr.p. DIS- ENABLING; p.t. and p.p. DISENABLED (dis-en-a/bld).] Deprive of power, or render incompetent; disable. DISENCHANT (dis-en-chanf), vt. [pr.p. DISEN- CHANTING; p.t. and p.p. DISENCHANT- ED.] Free from enchantment, illusion, or fascination. DISENCHANTMENT (dis-en-chant'ment), n. Act of disenchanting, or the state of being disenchanted. DISENCU3IBER (dis-en-kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. DISENCUM'BERING; p.t. and p.p. DISEN- CUMBERED (dis-em-kum'berd).] Free from encumbrance; disburden. DISENCUMBRANCE (dis-en-kum'brans), n. Freedom from encumbrance or anything burdensome. DISENDOW (dis-en-dow'), vt. [pr.p. DISEN- DOWING; p.t. and p.p. DISENDOWED (dis- en-dowd').] Divest of endowments. DISENDOW3IENT (dis-en-dow'ment), n. Act of depriving of endowments. DISENGAGE (dis-en-gaj'), v. [pr.p. DISEN- GA'GING; p.t. and p.p. DISENGAGED (dis- en-gajd').] I. vt. Free from what engages; extricate. II. vi. Free one's self from en- gagement; withdraw. DISENGAGEMENT (dis-en-gaj 'ment), n. 1. Act or process of disengaging. 2. State of being disengaged. 384 DISFIGURER DISENTANGLE (dis-cn-tang'gl), vt. [pr.p. DIS' ENTAN'GLING; p.t. and p.p. DISENTAN- GLED (dis-en-tang'gld).] 1. Free from en- tanglement. 2. Free from impediments or difficulties. DISENTANGLEMENT (dis-en-tang'gl-ment), n. 1. Act of disentangling. 2. Freedom from entanglement. DISENTHRALL (dis-en-thral), DISENTHRALL (dis-in-thral'), vt. [pr.p. DISENTHRALLING; p.t. and p.p. DISENTHRALLED (dis-en- thrald').] Release from thraldom; emancipate. DISENTHRALLMENT ( dis-en-thral'ment ), n. Act of setting free from thraldom; emancipa- tion. DISENTOMB (dis-en-tom'), vt. [pr.p. DISEN- TOMB'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISENTOMBED (dis-en-torad').J Take out from a tomb; dis- inter. DISENTRANCE (dis-en-trans'), vt. [pr.p. DISENTRAN'CING; p.t. and p.p. DISEN- TRANCED (dis-en-transt').] To awaken from trance; disenchant. DISENVIRON (dis-en-vi'run), vt. [pr.p. DIS- ENVI'RONING; p.t. and p.p. DISEN- VIRONED (dis-en-vi'rund).] Deprive of en- vironment. DISEPALOTJS (di-sep'al-us), a. Bot. Having two sepals. DISESTABLISH (dis-es-tab'lish), vt. [pr.p. DIS- ESTABLISHING; p.t. and p.p. DISESTAB- LISHED (dis-es-tab'lisht).] Deprive of being established, especially the church by the state. DISESTABLISH3IENT (dis-es-tab'lish-ment), n. Act of disestablishing; state of being disestab- lished. DISESTEEM (dis-es-tem'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- ESTEEM'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISESTEEMED (dis-es-temd').] Have a lack of esteem for; dislike. DISESTEEM (dis-es-tem'), n. Want of esteem; disregard. DISFAVOR (dis-fa'vur), vt. [pr.p. DISFA'VOR- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISFAVORED (dis-fa/- viird).] Withhold favor from; disapprove; oppose. DISFAVOR (dis-fa'vur), n. Want of favor; dis- pleasure; dislike. DISFEATURE (dis-fe'tur), vt. [pr.p. DISFEA'- TURING; p.t. and p.p. DISFEATURED (dis-fe'turd).] Deprive of a feature; deface. DISFIGURATION (dis-fig-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of disfiguring; defacement. 2. State of being disfigured. 3. That which disfigures. DISFIGURE (dis-fig'ur), vt. [pr.p. DISFIG'UR- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISFIGURED (dis-fig'urd).] Impair or spoil the figure or appearance of; deface; deform; mar. DISFIGUREMENT (dis-fig'ur-ment), n. 1. Act of disfiguring. 2. State of being disfigured. 3. That which disfigures. DISFIGURER (dis-fig'ur-er), n. One who dis- figures. IS- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. u=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owlt Men, kh=cft, in Scotch loch, DISFOREST 385 DISHEVEL DISFOREST (dis-for'est), vt. [pr.p. DISFOR'- ESTING; p.t. and p.p. DISFOR'ESTED.] 1. Deprive of the privilege of forest laws. 2. Strip of trees. DISFRANCHISE (dis-fran'chiz or dis-fran'- chlz), vt. [pr.p. DISFRANCHISING; p.t. and p.p. DISFRANCHISED (dis-fran'chizd).] De- prive of a franchise, especially of the right of suffrage. DISFRANCHISE MENT (dis-fran'chiz-ment), n. Act of disfranchising, or state of being dis- franchised. DISFROCK (dis-frok'), vt. [pr.p. DISFROCK'- ING; p.t. and p.p. DISFROCKED (dis- frokt').] Deprive of clerical garb; unfrock. DISGARRISON (dis-gar'i-sn), vt. [pr.p. DIS- GAR'RISONING; p.t. and p.p. DISGAR- RISONED (dis-gar'i-snd).] Deprive of a gar- rison. DISGORGE (dis-garj'), v. [pr.p. DISGOR'GING; p.t. and p.p. DISGORGED (dis-garjd').] I. vt. 1. Throw out or eject from the throat. 2. Field or give up, as to disgorge ill-gotten gains. II. vi. 1. Vomit. 2. Make restitution. [O. Fr. desgorger; from des-, away, and gorge, throat.] DISGORGEMENT ( dis-garj 'ment), n. Act of disgorging. DISGRACE (dis-gras'), n. 1. State of being dis- graced; condition of dishonor, shame, oi* ignominy. 2. That which causes shame, disesteem, or disrepute. 3. State or condition of being out of favor. [DIS- and GRACE.] SYN. Degradation; disfavor; disesteem; obliquy; opprobrium; reproach; discredit; disparagement; dishonor; shame; disrepute; odium; infamy; ignominy. ANT. Praise; repute; fame; renown; glory; distinction; eminence. DISGRACE (dis-gras'),i> Dd Dd Ee €(«J5? <&e &t -&■* Ee Ee Ff W Ff^/mt St Ff Ff Cg 09 Gg <%? #4 6 5 Gg Gg Hh EH HhXAl^ <$& Hh Hh Ii It Ii-J : J.3i 3i Ii Ii Jj 3i <#// 3j 3j Jj Jj KkKkZk^JKkiU KkKk LlltlZ/^^t IX Ll Ll Muflht Mm&£mMmNx& MmMm Copyright, 1»U, by Wb. H. Le», THE MOST POPULAR STYLES OP LETTERING ROMAN MEDIAEVAL ITALIC SCRIPT OLDENGUCH GERMAN BUCK R0MANB10CK Nn ItnJVnMi^xtlln Nn Nn Oo Oo Oo ti)ff ©o ©o Oo Oo Pp tvPp &A fV^¥ PP PP Qq tr Vv Vv Ww SB» H& 5^ WnfWw WwWw Xx X x Xx <^a; Xx !X* Xx Xx YyV, >$ USTPAN (dust'pan), n. Shovel-like pan for taking up dust swept from the floor. •USTY (dust'i), a. 1. Covered or sprinkled with dust. 2. Like dust. 'UTCH (duch), I. a. Of or pertaining to Holland and its people. II. n. 1. The Dutch people, or inhabitants of Holland. 2. Language spoken in Holland. [Ger. deutsch, (literally) belonging to the people.] •UTCHMAN (duch'man), [pi. DUTCH'MEN.] Native of Holland, a kingdom of N. W.Europe; Hollander. DuTCHMAN'S-BREECHES (duch'manz-brich- ez), n. Bot. 1. Plant (Diecntra cucullaria), Rembrandt vanRyn, Dutch painter. Born 1607— died 1669. bearing broadly spreading two-spurred flowers. 2. Flower of this plant, so-called from the shape of the flowers. DuTCHMAN'S-PIPE (duch'manz-pip), n. Bot. Climbing plant (Aristolochia Sipho) with broad handsome foliage. DUTEOUS (du'te-us), a. Devoted to duty; obedient; dutiful. DUTEOUSLT (du'te-us-li), adv. In a duteous or obedient manner. DUTEOUSNESS (du'te-us-nes), n. Quality of being duteous; obedience. DUTIABLE (du'ti-a-bl), a. Subject to custom duty or impost. DUTIFUL (du'ti-fol), a. 1. Attentive to duty. 2. Respectful. 3. Expressive of a sense of duty. DUTIFULLY (du'ti-fgl-i), adv. In a dutiful manner. DUTIFULNESS (du'ti-fpl-nes), n. Quality of being dutiful. DUTY (du'ti), n. [pi. DU'TIES.] 1. That which a person is bound, by any natural or moral ob- ligation to do, perform or pay. 2. Forbear- ance of that which is forbidden by morality, law, justice or propriety. 3. Obedience; sub- mission. 4. Act of reverence or respect. 5. Tax, toll, impost, customs, or excise. 6. Any obligatory service, especially of a soldier or marine. 7. One's proper business. [Formed from DUE.] DUTY-PROOF (dii'ti-prof), a. Qualification by official stamp of goods that have passed custom house in China and have become immune from further taxation for duty in any part of the Chinese Empire. DUUMVIR (du-um'ver), n. [pi. DUUMVIRI (du-um'vi-ri).] One of two officers or magis- trates united in the same public functions, as in ancient Rome. [L.; from duo, two, and vir, man.] DUUMVIRAL (du-um'vi-ral), a. Pertaining to the duumviri or duumvirate of Rome. DUUMVIRATE (du-um'vi-rat>, n. 1. The union of two in the same office. 2. Government of two men thus associated. DUVET (du-va'), n. Quilt stuffed with eider- down or swan's-down. [Fr.] DWALE (dwal), n. 1. Bot. Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). 2. Stupefying drink. [Ice. dvb% dvali, delay, sleep.] DWARF (dwarf), n. Person, animal, or plant that is much below the ordinary height; pygmy; runt. [A. S. dweorh.] DWARF (dwarf), a. Diminutive. — Dwarf tree t tree dwarfed by artificial means. DWARF (dwarf), v. [pr.p. DWARF'ING; p.t. and p.p. DWARFED (dwarf t).] I. vt. 1. Hinder from growing to the natural size. 2. Make to appear small by comparison. II. vi. Grow stunted. DWARFISH (dwarfish), a. 1. Stunted like a dwarf. 2. Despicable; petty. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; \i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, DWARFISHLY 424 DYNAMO GENESIS adv. In the Smallness DWARFISHLY (dwarf ish-li), manner of a dwarf. DWARFISHNESS (dwarf'ish-nes), n. of stature or size. DWELL (dwel), vi. [pr.p. DWELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. DWELT or DWELLED (dweld).] 1. Be a resident or inhabitant; reside. 2. Continue fixed In attention. 3. Continue long. [A. S. dweUan, cause to wander, delay; from dtcal or dol, the original of Eng. DULL.] SYN. Abide; stay; stop; tarry; linger; live. ANT. Move; travel; remove; migrate; hasten; roam. DWELLER (dwel'er), n. Inhabitant; resident. DWELLING (dwel'ing), n. House used as a residence; abode; dwelling-house. DWELLING-HOUSE (dwel'ing-hows), n. Dwell- ing, or house used for abode, in contradistinc- tion to a place of business, office, etc. DWELT (dwelt), v. Past tense and past parti- ciple of DWELL. DWINDLE (dwin'dl), vi. [pr.p. DWIN'DLING; p.t. and p.p. DWINDLED (dwin'dld).] 1. Grow less; waste away; diminish. 2. Become de- generate; decline. [A. S. dwinan, fade.] DYAD (di'ad), n. 1. Chetn. Atom, radical, or element having a combining power of two units. 2. Biol. Secondary unit of organization consisting of an aggregate of monads. [Gr. dya.8 (genit. dyados), the number two.] DYAK (di'ak), n. Malay name for one of a race that constitutes the bulk of the original population of Borneo, divided into innumerable tribes, dif- fering widely in language, customs, and degrees of savageness. Also written dayak. DYE (di), v. [pr.p. DYEING; p.t. and p.p. DYED (did).] I. vt. 1. Impreg- nate with coloring matter, as textile fabrics. 2. Stain, as wood. II. vi. 1. Practice the operation of dyeing. 2. Take color in the process of dyeing. [A. S. dedgan, dye.] DYE(di), n. 1. Coloring matter used in dyeing. 2. Color produced by dyeing; stain; tinge. DYEHOUSE (di'hows), n. Building in which dyeing is carried on. DYEING (di'ing), n. Act or practice of dyeing; art or business of the dyer. DYER(di'er), n. One who dyes, or whose trade is to dye cloth, etc. DYER'S-BROOM (di'erz-brom), n. European shrubby plant {Genista tinctoria), thoroughly naturalized in some parts of North America — used to make a green dye. DYESTUFF (di'stuf), n. Coloring matter used for dyeing purposes. DYING (di'ing), v. Present participle of DIE. DYING (di'ing), a. 1. At the point of death; Dyak. about to die; expiring. 2. Destined to die; mortal. 3. Drawing to an end; fading away. 4. Given, uttered, or manifested just before death. — Dying declaration, in law, the dec- laration made by a person convinced of his impending death, and who does not expect to survive the trial of the accused. DYKE, (dik), n. Same as DIKE. DYNA-, DYNAMO-, prefix. Denoting power. [Gr. dynamis, power.] DYNAM (di'nam), n. Unit of work, which is the force adequate to raise one pound weight through one foot in one second of time. [Gr. dynamls, power.] DYNAMAGNITE (di-na-mag'nit), n. Kind of dynamite blasting powder. DYNAMETER (di-nam'e-ter), n. Instrument for determining the magnifying power of telescopes.' [Gr. dynamis, power, and metron t measure.] DYNAMETRICAL (di-na-met'rik-al), a. Per- taining to a dynameter DYNAMIC (di-nam'ik), DYNAMICAL (di-nam'- ik-al), a. Pertaining to the action, or the effect of the action, of force or dynamics. DYNAMICALLY (di-nam'ik-al-i), adv. In a dynamic manner. DYNAMICS (di-nam'iks), n. 1. Physics. That department of mechanics which treats of the action of force, both as producing rest and producing motion. 2. Popularly, kinetics. 3. Music. Branch of musical science which treats of degrees of force in tones. [Gr. dynamis, force.] DYNAMISM (di'na-mizm), n. Doctrine that all substance involves force. DYNAMITE (di'na-mit), n. Powerful explosive agent, consisting of absorbent matter, as porous silica, saturated with nitroglycerine. [Gr. dynamis, power.] DYNAMITE (di'na-mit), vt. [pr.p. DY'NAMI- TING; p.t. and p.p. DYNAMITED.] 1. De- stroy with dynamite. 2. Charge with dyna- mite. D YNAMITER (di'na-mi-ter), n. One who unlaw- fully uses dynamite to destroy property or life. DYNAMO-, prefix. Same as DYNA-. DYNAMO (dl'na-mo), n . [pi. DYNAMOS (di'na- moz).] Short for dynamo- electric generator, a ma- chine for generating elec- tric currents by the con- version of motive power into electricity. DYNAMO-ELECTRIC (di'na-mo-e-lek-trik), a. Pertaining to the production of electric cur- rents by mechanical power, or mechanical power by electric currents. — Dynamo-electric generator. See DYNAMO. DYNAMO GENESIS (di-na-mo-jen'e-sis), n. Psychol. Doctrine that every change of con- Alternating-current dynamo. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but burn. ii=u in Scotch grade; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' DYNAMO GRAPH 435 DZO sclousness results in a corresponding change in muscular movement or expression. [DY- NAMO- and GENESIS.] DYNAMOGRAPH (di-nam'o-graf), n. 1. Re- cording dynamometer. 2. Instrument for marking the degree of compression of an elliptic spring. [Gr. dynamis, power, and suffix -GRAPH.] DYNAMOMETER (di-na-mom'e-tgr), n. In- strument for measuring power expended or force exerted, as by a machine or a horse In doing work. [Gr. dynamis, power, and suffix -METER.] DYN4MOMETRIC (di-na-mo-met'rik), DYNA- MO METRICAL (di-na-mo-met'rik-al), a. Of or pertaining to a dynamometer, or the meas- uring of power or force. DYNAMOMETRY (dl-na-mom'e-tri), n. Art or process of measuring force or power, as by means of a dynamometer. DYNAMOPHONE (di-nam'o-fon), n. A music- producing apparatus consisting of a number of dynamos, all of different frequencies, pro- ducing tones of different pitch, and manipu- lated by a keyboard like that of a piano. DYNASTIC, (di-nas'tik), D YNASTICAL (di-nas'- tik-al), a. Of or pertaining to a dynasty. DYNASTY (di'nas-ti), n. [pi. DY'NASTIES.] 1. Succession of sovereigns of the same family who rule over a particular country. 2. Period during which sovereigns of the same line or family reign. [Gr. dynasteia; from dynamai, be able.] DYNE (din), n. Force which in one second can impart a velocity of a centimeter per second to a mass of one gram. [Gr. dynamis, power.] DYS-, prefix. Inseparable prefix, denoting ill, bad, unlucky, hard, etc. [Gr. dys-, hard, bad. ] DYSEMIA, DYSEMIA(dis-e'mi-a), n. Pathol. Vitiated condition of the blood. [Gr. dys-, bad, and haima, blood.] DYSESTHESIA (dis-es-the'si-a), n. Pathol. Impaired sensation; partial insensibility. [Gr. dys-, hard, and aisthesis, perception by the senses; from aisthanomia, feel.] DYSCRASIA (dis-kra'si-a), n. Pathol. Altered condition of the blood and fluids of the system, leading to constitutional diseases, as dropsy, cancer, etc. [Gr. dys-, bad, and krasis, mix- ture.] DYSENTERIC (dis-en-ter'ik), DYSENTERIC AL (dis-en-ter'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to dysen- tery. 2. Accompanied with, proceeding from, or afflicted with, dysentery. DYSENTERY (dis'en-ter-i), n. Pathol. In- flammation of the descending portion of the large intestine, attended by fever with dis- charges from the bowels, chiefly of blood and mucus, or other morbid matter, accompanied with griping and followed by tenesmus. [Gr. dysenteria; from dys-, bad, and enteron, intestine.] DYSMENORRHEA, DYSMENORRHEA (dis- men-or-rS'a), n. Difficult or painful men- struation. [Gr. dys-, hard, men, month, and rhoia, a flowing.] DYSODILE (diso-dil), n. Kind of greenish- gray coal, which burns with an offensive odor. [Gr. dys-, bad, and ozo, smell.] DYSOREXY (dis'o-reks-i), n. Pathol. Bad or depraved appetite. [Gr. dys-, bad, and orexis, appetite. J DYSPEPSIA (dis-pep'si-a),DYSPEPSY(dis-pep'- si), n. Pathol. Difficult or painful digestion; indigestion, especially chronic. [Gr. dyspepsia; from dys-, bad, and pepto, cook.] DYSPEPTIC (dis-pep'tic), DYSPEPTICAL (dis- pep'tik-al), a. Pertaining to, arising from, or afflicted with, dyspepsia or indigestion. DYSPEPTIC (dis-pep'tik), n. Person afflicted with dyspepsia. DYSPHONIA (dis-fo'ni-a), DYSPHONY (dis'- fo-ni), n. Pathol. A difficulty of speaking, occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs of speech. [Gr. dys-, bad, and phone, sound.] DYSPNOEA (disp-ne'a), n. Pathol. Difficulty of breathing. [Gr. dys-, hard, and pneo, breath.] DYSTELEOLOGY (dis-tel-e-ol'o-Ji), n. Philos. Doctrine of purposelessness, or denial of "final causes"; opposed to TELEOLOGY. [Gr. dys-, bad, telos (genit. teleos), purpose, and logos, word, discourse.] DYSTHETIC (dis-thet'lk), a. Pathol. Pertain- ing to a morbid state of the blood-vessels, or to a bad habit of the body. [Gr. dys-, bad, and thetos, placed.] DYSTHYMIC (dis-thim'ik), a. Pathol. Depressed in mind; desponding. [Gr. dys-, bad, and thymos, mind.] DYST03IIC (dis-tom'ik), DYSTOMOUS (dis'to- mus), a. Min. Having an imperfect frac- ture. [Gr. dys-, bad, and tome, a cutting.] DZEREN (dze'ren), DZERON (dze'run), n. Mongolian antelope (Procapra gutturosa), inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Tibet, and China. [Mongolian name.] DZIGGETAI (dzig'- e-ti), n. Zool. A kind of wild ass found throughout Asia generally, but especially in Ara- bia. It is the only one of the asinine <£j species that bears a close resem- blance to a horse; and its distinctive feature is a wide, black stripe extending along the spine. DZO (dzo), n. [pi. DZOS (dzoz) ; collective DZO.] Hybrid animal resulting from crossing the water-buffalo cow with the yak. The male is used for plowing, and the female is said to give more milk than any other of the bovine race. [Tibetan.] Dziggetai (Equus hemionus). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \l=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 436 EARLY I e (e), n. [pi. E'S (ez).] Fifth letter and second vowel in the English alphabet. It has three principal sounds, the first long (e), as in be, the second short (e), as in met, and the third (e), a modifica- tion of short e, caused by its being followed by r, as in her. And then there is the sound of long a modi- fied by r, as in there (thar). Sometimes its sound drops out altogether, as in given (giv'n). As a final letter, it usually is silent, but it serves to lengthen the sound of the preceding vowel, as in cane, fine, plume. After c and g, the final e serves to indicate that these let- ters are to be pronounced soft, or c like s and g like j, as in mace and rage. E-, prefix. Used in place of EX- before conso- nants, signifying from, out, out of, away from, and also denoting privation. [L. e-, ex-; from ex, out, from.] EACH (ech), a. or a. pron. Every one, individ- ually and severally, of any number or aggre- gate of persons or things. [A. S. celc.~\ EACLES (e'a-klez), n. Large yellow and purple moth of South America. [Etym. doubtful.] EAGER (e'ger), a. 1. Excited by ardent desire to attain, obtain, or succeed in anything. 2. Impetuous; earnest; vehement. [O. Fr. aigre; from L. acer, acris, sharp.] SYN. Zealous; strenuous; anxious; im- patient; greedy; ardent; longing; yearning; fervent; glowing; hot. ANT. Indifferent; unsolicitous; sluggish; cool. EAGER, EAGRE (e'ger), n. Tidal flood which rushes with great violence up the estuaries of certain rivers; tide swelling above another tide, as in the Severn, in England. [Etym. dub.; Skeat suggests A. S. edgor-, in eagor- stredm, ocean-stream, and Ice. aegir, ocean.] EAGERLY (e'ger-li), adv. In an eager manner. EAGERNESS (e'ger-nes), n. Ardent desire; zeal; ardor; fervor; avidity. EAGLE (e'gl), n. 1. Zool. Large rapacious bird, of the family Falconidw and subfamily Aqui- linoe, of which there are several genera and numerous species. The type genus Aquila includes the golden eagle {Aquila chrys- cetos) of Europe and America. In the genus Halicetus are the fishing or sea eagles, the best Bald eagle known and largest of which is (H alicetus leu- the bald or white-headed eagle cocephalus). which has been adopted as the emblematic device of the United States. 2. Gold coin of the United States of the value of $10. 3. Mili- tary standard bearing the image of an eagle. 4. [E-] Astron. The constellation Aquila, in the northern hemisphere, containing the bright star Altair. [Fr. aigle; from L. aquila.] Left human ear. 1. Tragus. 2. Anti- tragus. 3. Lobe. 4. Helix. S. Antihelix. 6. Fossa of the An- tihelix. 7. Concha. EAGLE-EYED (e'gl-Id), a. Having a piercing eye; discerning. EAGLET (e'glet), n. Young eagle. EAGRE (e'ger), n. Same as EAGER. EALDORMAN (el'dur-man), n. Among the Anglo-Saxons originally a leader or chieftain; afterwards the governor of a shire. [A. S. ealdor, chief, and man, man.] EAR (er), n. Spike or head, as of wheat. [A. S. ear.] EAR (er), vi. [pr.p. EAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. EARED (erd).] Put forth ears, as wheat. EAR (er), n. 1. The organ of hearing, in man and other mammals divided into three parts: (1) the external ear or auricle; (2) the middle ear, or tympanum or drum; (3) the internal ear, or labyrinth. Sound collected by the auricle sets the tympanum vibrating, and the vibrations are trans- mitted by the labyrinth to the internal ear, where the fibers of the auditory nerve receive them and send them to the brain. 2. Sense of hearing. 3. Faculty of discriminating sounds; power of judging of harmony. 4. Favorable hearing; heed; regard. 5. Anything resembling the external ear, as the ears of a jar. [A. S. edre.] EARACHE (er'ak), n. Ache or pain in the ear. EARBOB (er'bob), n. Earring; eardrop. EAR-CAP (er'kap), n. Cloth or fur covering used to protect ears in cold weather; ear-muff. EARDROP (er'drop), n. Ornamental pendant for the ear; earbob; earring. EARDRUM (er'drum), n. Anat. Drum or mid- dle cavity of the ear; tympanum. EARED (erd), a. Having ears. EARING (er'ing), n. Naut. Rope which lashes the upper corner of a sail to its yard. EARL (erl), n. [fern. COUNT'ESS.] British noble- man, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, and next above a viscount. [A. S. eorl, nobleman, earl.] EAR-LAP (er'lap), n. 1. Tip of the ear. 2. Ear- tab. EARLDOM (erl'dum), n. Dominion or dignity of an earl. EARLESS (er'les), a. Devoid or destitute of ears. EAR-LIFTER (er'lif-ter), n. Device on harvest- ing machinery to lift falling grain from the ground so it can be cut. EARLINESS (er'li-nes), n. State of being early. EARL-MARSHAL (erl'mar-shal), n. English officer of state, president of the Herald's College. EARLOCK (er'lok), n. Lock or curl of hair worn on the cheek near the ear; lovelock. EARLY (er'li), a. [comp. EAR'LIER; superl. EAR'LIEST.] 1. Being in advance, as corn- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Chan, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EARLY 437 EARTHY pared with something else, as an early crop. 2. Coming before or in advance of the usual time. 3. . Occurring toward, in, or near the beginning. [A. S. cerllce; from cer, before.] EARLY (er'li), adv. At or near the beginning of a particular time or period. SYN. Soon; betimes; promptly; before- hand. ANT. Late; tardily; behindhand. EARMARK (er'mark), n. 1. Distinguishing or distinctive mark, as the owner's mark on the ear of a sheep; mark of identification. 2. Any distinguishing feature. EAR-MUFF (er'muf), n. One of a pair of small adjustable coverings to protect the ears in cold weather. EARN (era), vt. [pr.p. EARNING; p.t. and p.p. EARNED (ernd).] 1. Gain by labor; become entitled to as a recompense for work done. 2. Merit or deserve as the result of any action or course of conduct. [A. S. earnian, earn.] SYN. Win; gain; realize; merit; deserve. ANT. Lose; squander; waste; spend; forfeit. EARN (era), n. Same as ERN, eagle. [A. S.] EARNEST (er'nest), I. a. 1. Ardent or zealous In the performance of any act or the pursuit of any object. 2. Intent; fixed; eager. 3. Serious; important; grave. II. n. Seriousness; reality. [A. S. eornest, seriousness.] SYN. See EAGER. EARNEST (er'nest), n. 1. Pledge or assurance of something more to come. 2. Earnest- money. [Wei. ernes, pledge.] EARNESTLY (er'nest-li), adv. In an earnest manner. EARNEST-MONEY (er'nest-mun-i), n. Money given by a buyer to a seller as a token or pledge to bind the bargain. EARNESTNESS (er'nest-nes), n. State of being earnest or in earnest. EAR-NET (er'net), n. Fly and insect protector of network used to cover horses' ears. EARNING (ern'ing), n. 1. Act of gaining recom- pense for labor or services performed. 2. [pi.] That which is earned; profits; wages. EAR-PIERCING (er'per-sing), a. Shrill; scream- ing. EARRING (er'ring), n. Pendant or other orna- ment worn at the ear by means of a ring or fillet passing through the lobe. EAR-SCREW (er'skro), n. Ornament used in lieu of earring and screwed fast to lobe of ear. EAR-SHELL (er'shel), n. Flattened univalve shell, resembling the ear in form; abalone. EARSHOT (er'shot), n. Distance at which a sound can be heard. EARTH (erth), n. I. Astron. Third planet in order from the sun; globe on which we dwell, gen- erally termed the earth, and written with- out a capital initial. 2. [e-] Solid portion of the globe; ground. 3. [e-] Soil of any kind, as distinguished from rock. 4. [e-] Inhabi- tants of the earth. 5. [e-] This world as op- posed to other scenes of existence. 6. [e-] Dis- tinct part of the globe; district; region. 7. [e-] Burrow, as of a fox. 8. [e-] Metallic oxide, as alumina. 9. Elec. [e-] (1) Fault in a telegraph or other conducting line caused by the accidental contact of the line with the ground, or with some other ground-connected conductor. (2) That part of the earth or ground which forms a part of an electric circuit. [A. S. eorthe.] EARTH (Srth), v. [pr.p. EARTH'ING; p.t. and p.p. EARTHED (ertht).] I. vt. 1. Bury or hide in the earth. 2. Drive into the earth. 3. Elec. Connect with the earth; ground. II. vi. 1. Burrow. 2. Retire underground. EARTH-BATH (erth'bath), n. Same as MUD- BATH. EARTH-BORN (erth'barn), a. 1. Born of or on the earth. 2. Relating to or arising from earthly considerations; belonging to this world. 3. Of mean birth; low-born. EARTHEN (erth'n), a. Made of earth or clay. EARTHENWARE (erth'n-war), n. Crockery. EARTH-INDUCTOR (erth'in-duk-tur), n. Elec. Spiral coll of wire used in connection with a galvanometer to ascertain effect of induction of the earth on electrical instruments. EARTHINESS (erth'i-nes), n. Quality of being earthy; grossness. EARTHLINESS (erth'li-nes), n. Quality of be- ing earthly, or of the earth. EARTHLING (grth'ling), n. Dweller on the earth; mortal; worldling. EARTHLY (erth 'li), a. 1. Belonging to the earth. 2. Pertaining to this life; carnal, as opposed to spiritual. 3. Conceivable; imagi- nable; possible; as, no earthly reason. (Colloq.) EARTHNUT (erth'nut), n. 1. Popular name for certain tuberous roots growing underground. 2. Peanut. 3. Truffle. EARTH-PLATE (erth 'plat), n. Elec. Slab of metal connected by wire with any magnetic or electrical apparatus and buried in the earth to form ground-connection. EARTHQUAKE (erth'kwak), n. Quaking, vi- bratory, undulating, or other movement of a portion of the earth's crust. EARTH-SHINE (erth'shin), n. Light reflected from the earth by which we see that part of the new moon which is not lit up by the sun. EARTHWARD (erth'ward), adv. Toward the earth. EARTH WIRE (erth'wir), n. Elec. Wire used to connect active electrical apparatus with earth-plates so that interfering currents may be avoided. EARTHWORK (erth'wurk), n. Fortification of earth. EARTHWORM (erth'wurm), n. 1. Angleworm (Lumbricus terrestris). 2. Mean, sordid, worldly-minded person. EARTHY (erth'i), a. 1. Consisting of, relating to, or resembling, earth. 2. Inhabiting the earth. 3. Gross; unrefined; coarse; low. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute : hut, burn, u=u In Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. EAR-TRUMPET 428 EBB > EAR-TRUMPET (er'trump-et), n. Trumpet- shaped tube to aid in hearing. EAR WAX (er'waks), n. Cerumen, a waxy sub- stance secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passages. EARWIG (er'wig), n. Entom. Insect (Forfi- cula auricularis), which has been erroneously supposed to creep into the human brain through the ear. [A. S. edrwicga; edre, ear, and wicga, worm.] EASE (ez), n. 1. State of rest or quietness; repose; tranquillity; comfort. 2. Freedom from anxiety or solicitude. 3. Freedom from constraint or diffidence. 4. Readiness; fa- cility. [O. Fr. aise.] EASE (ez), vt. [pr.p. EAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. EASED (ezd).] 1. Give relief or rest to; re- lieve. 2. Make easier or lighter; lighten. 3. Assuage; alleviate; allay. EASEFUL (ez'fol), a. 1. Ease-giving. 2. Fit for rest; quiet. EASEL (e'zl), n. Frame on which painters support their pictures while painting them ; used also as a support for pic- tures, etc., on exhibition. [Dut. ezel.] EASEMENT (ez'ment), n. 1. That which affords ease or re- lief. 2. Law. Any privilege or convenience which one per son has in or over the lands ol another, as a way or a water- course. EASILY (ez'i-li), adv. In an easy manner; read- ily; gently. EASINESS (ez'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being easy, or at ease. EAST (est), n. I. The Orient. 2. [e-] One of the four cardinal points of the compass; point at which the sun rises at the equinox. 3. [e-] That portion of the horizon at or toward the point where the sun rises. 4. [e-] Any region or portion of country lying to the eastward. [A. S. edst ; akin to Gr. eos, the dawn.] EAST (est), a. 1. Being or situated at the east; eastern. 2. Coming from the east. EAST (est), adv. Toward the east; in an easterly direction; eastward. JE ASTER (est'er), n. 1. Annual Christian festival commemorating the resurrection of Christ, held on the Sunday after Good Friday. 2. Easter Sunday, the day on which the festival Is observed. Easter is a movable festival, and may be as early as March 22, and as late as April 25. — Easter eggs, stained eggs of various colors, given as presents at Easter. — Eastertide, the season of Easter. [A. S. easier; from Edstre, a goddess whose festival was observed by the ancient Saxons early in the spring, in celebration of the resurrection of nature.] EASTERLY (Sst'er-H), I. a. 1. Situated, direct- Easel. ed, or looking toward the east; eastward. 2. Coming from the east. II. adv. 1. Toward or in the direction of the east. 2. In the east. EASTERN (est'ern), a. 1. Of or pertaining to, or situated in, the East; Oriental. 2. [e-] Moving eastward. 3. [e-] Looking toward the east; easterly. EAST INDIES (est in'diz). India, Indo-China, and Malay Archipelago. EASTRE (es'tre), ri. A. S. Myth. Goddess of light and spring. [See OSTERA.] EAST RlVER (est riv'er). Strait joining Long Island Sound to New York Bay. EASTWARD (est'ward), I. a. Directed or ex- tended toward the east. II. adv. Toward the east. EASY(ez'i), a. [comp. EAS'IER; superl. EAS'- IEST.] 1. At ease. 2. Free from pain. 3. Tran- quil. 4. Unconstrained. 5. Giving ease. 6. Not difficult. 7. Yielding. 8. Not straitened (in circumstances). 9. Not tight, as money. 10. Not strict, as in "easy virtue." 11. Credulous; gullible. (Colloq.) SYN. Quiet; calm; comfortable; manage- able; facile; lenient; unconcerned. ANT. Uneasy; disturbed; uncomfortable; diffi- cult; unmanageable; embarrassed. EASY (ez'i), adv. Easily; as, he took things easy. (Colloq.) EASY-CHAIR (ez'i-char), n. Arm-chair for ease or rest. EASY-GOING (ez'i-go-ing), a. Taking things in an easy manner; good-natured; unconcerned. EAT (et), v. [pr.p. EAT'ING; p.t. ATE (at) ; p.p. EATEN (et'n).] I. vt. 1. Chew and swallow, as food. 2. Corrode or gnaw away ; consume. 3. Take back or retract, as to make one eat his words. II. vi. 1. Take food; feed. 2. Gnaw; corrode. 3. Taste ; as, it eats dryly. SYN. Gorge; gobble. ANT. Disgorge; vomit. EATABLE (et'a-bl), I. a. Fit to be eaten. II. n. Anything used as food (used chiefly in the plural). EATER (et'er), n. One who or that which eats. EATING-HOUSE (et'ing-hows), n. Restaurant \. EAU (6), n. [pi. EAUX (6z).] French word l< ." water, used in English in various combina- tions, as eau de cologne (see COLOGNE), eau de vie, brandy. [L. aqua, water.] EAVES (evz), n.pl. Projecting edge of the roof of a building. [A. S. efse, clipped edge of thatch.] E4VESDROP (evz'drop), vi. [pr.p. EAVES'- DROPPING; p.t. and p.p. EAVESDROPPED (evz'dropt).] 1. Stand under the eaves or near the windows of a house to listen. 2. Listen for secrets. EAVESDROPPER (evz'drop-er), n. One who tries to overhear private conversation. EBB (eb), vi. [pr.p. EBB'ING; p.t. and p.p. EBBED (ebd).] 1. Flow back toward the sea, as the tide. 2. Recede; decline. — Ebb and fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft. in Scotch loch. EBB 439 ECHIDNA Ebony. 2. Drunk; intoxicated. floiv, rise and fall, increase and decline. [A. S. ebban, ebb.] EBB (eb), n. 1. The going back or retiring of the tide. 2. A falling back; decline. [A. S. ebba; from the verb ebban, ebb.] EBB-TIDE (eb'tid), n. Ebbing or retiring tide. EBOE-TREE (e'bo-trg), n. Bot. Oil-bean tree of Nicaragua, Central America (Dipteryx oliefera). EBON (eb'un), a. 1. Made of ebony. 2. Black as ebony. EBONIST (eb'un-ist), n. Worker in ebony. EBONITE (eb'un-it), n. Vulcanite. EBONIZE (eb'un-Iz), vt. [pr.p. EB'ONIZING; p.U and p.p. EBONIZED (eb'un-izd).] Make, as furniture, look like ebony. EBONY (eb'un-i), n. [pi. EB'ONIES.] Kind of -wood almost as heavy and hard as stone, usually black, admitting of a fine polish. [Gr. ebonos; from Heb. eben, stone.] EBRIETY (e-brl'e-ti), n. Drunkenness. [Fr. ebriete; from L. ebri- etas; from ebrius, drunken.] EBRIOUS (e'bri-us), a. 1. Addicted to drink. EBULLIENCE (e-bul'yens), EBULLIENCY (e- bul'yen-si), n. A boiling over. EBULLIENT (e-bul'yent), a. 1. Boiling over. 2. Agitated; enthusiastic. [L. ebulliens, pr.p. of ebullio, boil up.] EBULLITION (eb-ul-ish'un), n. 1. Action of boiling. 2. Effervescence. 3. Sudden burst- ing forth; outburst. EBURNA (e-bur'na)» n. Conch. Large deep-sea mollusk, indigenous to China, with a shell-like ivory (Eburnus spirata). [L. eburnus, of ivory.] EBURNATION (e-bur-na'shun), n. Pathol. Disease in the bones, in which there is an abnormal deposition of osseous matter, chiefly in the joints. [L. eburnus, of ivory — ebur, ivory.] EBURNEAN (e-bur'ne-an), o. Of or like ivory; made of ivory. 1C-, prefix. From; out of. [Or. ek-, out of.] icARTE (a-kar-ta'), n. Game of cards for two, played with the thirty-two highest cards, one feature being the right to discard or throw out certain cards for others. [Fr.; from e, out, and carte, card.] ECBASIS (ek-ba'sis), n. BJiet. Figure in which the speaker treats of things according to their consequences. [Gr.; from eh, out, and baino, go.] ECBATIC (ek-bat'ik), a. Relating to a result, is- sue, or consequence; opposed to TELIC, which denotes purpose or intention. ECCENTRIC (ek-sen'trik), a. 1. Deviating or departing from the center. 3. Not having the same center as another, said of circles. 3. Not revolving around the center. 4. De- viating from established forms or rules. 5. Odd; anomalous; whimsical. [Gr. ek, out of, and kentron, center.] ECCENTRIC (ek-sen'trik), n. 1. Astron. Circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. 2. Contrivance for taking an alternating rectilinear motion from a revolving shaft, as a wheel with its axis not in its center. 3. Ec- centric person. Eccentric. ECCENTRICITY (ek-sen-tris'i-ti), n. 1. State of being eccentric. 2. Astron. Distance of center of planet's orbit from center of sun. ECCLESIA (ek-kle'zi-a), n. Popular assembly, especially of Athens, where the people exer- cised full sovereignty, and all above twenty years could vote; applied by the Septuagint commentators to the Jewish commonwealth, and from them to the Christian church. [Gr. ekklesia; ek, out, and kaleo, call.] ECCLESIASTIC (ek-kle-zi-as'tik), n. One con- secrated to the church; priest; clergyman. [Gr. ekklesia, popular assembly; church. See ECCLESIA.] ECCLESIASTIC (ek-kle-zi-as'tik), a. Same as ECCLESIASTICAL. ECCLESIASTICAL (ek-kle-zi-as'ti-kal), a. Of or pertaining to the church. ECCLESIASTICISM (ek-kle-zi-as'ti-sizm), n. 1. Attachment to ecclesiastical observances, privileges and views. 2. Ecclesiastical govern- ment or authority. ECCRINOLOGY (ek-ri-nol'o-ji), n. Branch of physiology relating to the excretions. [Gr. ekkrino, excrete, and suffix -OLOGY] ECDEMIC (ek-dem'ik), a. Med. Having origin in some distant locality, as disease; opposed to ENDEMIC. [Gr. ekdemos, foreign.] ECDYSIS (ek'di-sis), n. [pi. ECDYSES (ek'di- sez).] Act of casting off an integument, as in serpents. [Gr., a getting out; from ekdyo, strip off.] ECHELON (esh'e-lon), n. 1. Mil. An arrange- ment of troops in battalions or divisions placed parallel to one another, but no two on the same alignment, each having its front clear of that in advance. 2. Naval. Arrangement of vessels in a wedge-like form towards the enemy. [Fr. ; from echelle, ladder or stair.] ECHIDNA (e-kid'na), n. Zool. Genus of Aus- tralian toothless burrowing mammals, fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. E CHIN ATE 430 ECUADOR * armed with porcupine-like spines, laying eggs instead of bringing forth the young. [Formed from Gr. echidna, viper.] ECHINATE (ek'i-nat), a. Prickly like a hedge- hog. [Gr. echinos, hedgehog.] ECHINITE (e-ki'nit), n. Fossil sea-urchin. ECHINODERM (e-ki'n6-d6rm), n. Zool. One of the Echinodermata; a radiate animal hav- ing an opaque, leathery, or crustaceous skin, with tubercles or even movable spines, as the starfish, sea-urchin, etc. [Gr. echinos, hedge- hog, and derma, skin.] Echinodermata (ek-i-no-derm'a-ta), n.pi, Zool. Division of the animal kingdom em- bracing the echinoderms. ECHINOID (e-ki'noid), I. o. Of, pertaining to, or like, the echinoderms. II. n. One of the Echinoidea. ECHINOIDEA (ek-i-noi'de-a), n.pl. Zool. An order of the division Echinodermata, inclu- ding the sea-urchins. [Gr. echinos, sea-urchin, and eidos, form.] ECHINUS (e-ki'nus), n. [pi. ECHINI (e-ki'ni).] 1. Arch. Convex projecting molding of eccen- tric curve in Greek examples, supporting the abacus of the Doric capital. 2. Zool. Sea- urchin. 3. Zool. Hedgehog. [L.; from Gr. echinos, hedgehog.] ECHO (ek'6), n. [pi. ECHOES (ek'oz).] 1. Sound reflected or reverberated from an opposing surface; re-percussion or repetition of sound. 2. Repetition, or close imitation of another's words or thoughts. 3. Arch. Vault or arch for redoubling sounds. 4. Music. Repetition of a melodic phrase. [L.; from Gr. Scho, echo.] ECHO (ek'6), n. Greek Myth. A nymph who fell in love with Narcissus; when he died, or as some say, because she was slighted, she pined away from grief and died also, preserving nothing but her voice, which repeats every sound that reaches her. ECHO (ek'6), v. [pr.p. ECH'OING; p.t. and p.p. ECHOED (ek'od).] I. vt. 1. Reflect the sound of. 2. Repeat or Imitate, as thoughts or utterance. II. vi. 1. Reflect sound. 2. Be sounded back. 3. Resound. ECHOIST (ek'o-ist), n. One who repeats like an echo. ECHOLESS (ek'6-les), a. Giving no echo; un- responsive. ECHOMETER (e-kom'e-ter), n. Music. In- strument for measuring the length of sounds with the intervals and ratios. [Gr. €ch6, sound, and suffix -METER.] ECLAIR (a-klar'), n. Cake filled with a cream and frosted. [Fr.] ECLAT (a-kla/), n. Striking effect; sensation. [Fr., outburst.] ECLECTIC (ek-lek'tik), I. a. Electing; choos- ing. II. n. One who selects parts of different systems, especially in medicine. [Gr., from ek, out, and lego, choose.] ECLECTICISM (ek-lek'ti-sizm), n. The practice of an eclectic ECLIPSE (e- klips'), vt. [pr.p. T"ZZV.& ECLIPSED (e- klipst').] 1. /' Cause to suffer ' Eclipse of ^ gun< eclipse; darken; obscure; hide. 2. Figuratively, throw into the shade; dim the brightness of; surpass. [Gr. ekleipo, fail; from ek, out, and leipo, leave.] ECLIPSE (e-klips'), n. 1. Astron. Obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other lumi- nous body, by the intervention of some other body. 2. Any obscuration. ECONOMIC (ek-o-nom'ik), a. 1. Relating to economics. 2. Pertaining to or managing with economy; economical. [L. osconomlcus; from Gr. oikonomikos. See ECONOMY.] ECONOMICAL (ek-o-nom'ik-al), o. 1. Provi- dent in management; saving. 2. Managed with care and frugality. 3. Pertaining to economics; economic. ECONOMICALLY (ek-o-nom'ik-al-i), adv. In an economical manner. ECONOMICS (ek-o-nom'iks), n. 1. Science of household management. 2. Political economy. ECONOMIST (e-kon'o-mist), n. 1. One who Is ec- onomical. 2. One versed in political economy. ECONOMIZE (e-kon'o-miz), v. [pr.p. ECONO- MIZING; p.t. and p.p. ECONOMIZED (e-kon'- o-mizd).] I. vt. Use economically; husband. II. vi. Manage with economy; be saving. ECONOMY (e-kon'o-mi), n. 1. Management of household affairs, especially financial. 2. Frugal use of means. [Gr. oikonomia; from oikos, house, and nomos, rule.] SYN. Administration; management; dis- pensation; rule; arrangement; husbanding; frugality; parsimony; prudence; saving; scrimping; sparing; thrift. ANT. Maladmin- istration; mismanagement; waste; mis- rule; prodigality; improvidence. ECRU (a-kro), a. Light buff; cream-color, like unbleached silk. ECSTASY (ek'sta-si), n. [pi. ECSTASIES.] 1. Excessive elevation and absorption of mind; rapture. 2. Pathol. Species of cata- lepsy, when the person remembers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during the fit. [Gr. ekstasis, derangement, being be- side oneself; ek, out, and histSml, place.] ECSTATIC (ek-stat'ik), ECSTATICAL (ek- stat'ik-al), a. 1. Causing ecstasy. 2. Proceed- ing from ecstasy; rapturous. EcTOZOA (ek-to-zo'a), n.pl. External para- sites in general. [L.L. — Gr. ektos, outside, and zoon, animal.] ECUADOR (ek'wa-d6r, or Sp. a-kwa-dor'), n. Republics. America, on equator. Area 118,625 sq. m. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, a=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ECUADORAN 431 EDULCORATE General Leonidas Plaza, president of Ecuador from 1901 to 1905. ECUADORAN (ek-wa-do'ran), n. Native or in- habitant of Ecuador. ECUMENIC (ek-u-men'ik), ECUMENICAL (ek-u- men'ik-jal), a. Belonging to the whole inhabited world; general. ECZEMA (ek'ze-ma), n. Eruptive disease of the skin; salt rheum; tetter. [Gr. ek, out, and zed, boil.] EdDA (ed'a), n. Book of Scandinavian mythology. EDDY(ed'i),n. [pZ.ED'DIES.] I. Current of water or air running contrary to the main stream. 2. Whirlpool; whirlwind. EDDY (ed'i), vi. [pr.p. EDDYING; p.t. and p.p. EDDIED (ed'id).] Move in whirls. [Ice. id, back.] EDELWEISS (a'del- vis), n. Small com- posite plant with pretty white flower, found growing in damp places at con- siderable altitudes (5000-7000 feet) throughout the Alps. [Ger.edel, no- ble, tveiss, White.] EDEN(e'den),n. Gar- den where Adam and Eve lived; par- adise. [Heb. pleas- ure.] EDENTATE (e-den'- tat), EDENTATED (e-den'ta-ted), a. 1. With- out teeth. 2. Wanting front teeth. [L. e, out, and dens, tooth.] EDGE (ej), n. 1. Border; brink. 2. Cutting side of an instrument. 3. Keenness. EDGE (ej), v. [pr.p. EDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. EDGED (ejd).] I. vt. 1. Sharpen. 2. Place a border on. 3. Urge on. 4. Move by little and little. II. vi. 1. Move sideways. 2. Sail close to the wind. [A. S. ecg; Ger. ecke.] EDGED (ejd), a. Having an edge; sharp. EDGEWISE (ej'wiz), I. a. Having the edge directed forward. II. adv. In the direction of the edge. EDGING (ej'ing), n. 1. Border or fringe. 2. Act of giving an edge to. EDGY (ej'i), a. 1. Having an edge; sharp. 2. Easily provoked. EDIBLE (ed'i-bl), I. a. Fit for food; eatable. II. n. Anything fit for food; an eatable. [L. edibilus; from edo, eat.] EDIBLENESS (ed'i-bl-nes), n. Quality of being edible. EDICT (6'dikt), n. Public decree; command. [L. e, out, and dico, speak.] SYN. Proclamation; order; statute. See DECREE. Edelweiss (LeovJopodium alpinum). EDIFICATION (ed-1-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. In- struction. 2, Development, especially re- ligious. EDIFICE (ed'i-fls), n. Building. EDIFY (ed'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. ED'DJYING; p.t. and p.p. EDIFIED (ed'i-fid).] 1. Build up. 2. Improve; teach. [Fr. edifier; L. cedes, house, and facio, make.] EDILE, JEDILE (e'dil), n. Magistrate in ancient Rome who had the charge of public buildings, games, etc. [L. tedilis; from cedes, build- ing.] EDINBURGH (ed'in-bur-o), ». Capital of Scot- land, S. of Firth of Forth. EDIT (ed'it), vt. [pr.p. EDIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ED'ITED.] Superintend the publication of; prepare for publication. [L. editus, p.p. of edo, give out; from e, out, and do, give.] EDITION (e-dish'un), n. 1. Publication of a book. 2. Number of copies of a book printed at a time. [L. e, out, and do, give.] EDITOR (ed'i-tur), n. One who edits a book or journal. EDITORIAL (ed-i-t6'ri-al), I. a. Of, pertaining to, or written by, an editor. II. n. Article written by the editor. EDITORSHIP (ed'i-tur-ship), n. Office, busi- ness, or duties of an editor. EDUCATE (ed'u-kat), vt. [pr.p. ED'UCATING; p.t. and p.p. ED'UCATED.] Inform, cultivate, and improve the mental powers of. [L. educatus, p.p. of educo, educate; from e, out, and duco, lead.] SYN. Instruct; teach; train; rear; in- itiate; school. EDUCATED (ed'u-ka-ted), a. 1. Instructed; trained; taught. 2. Refined or cultivated. EDUCATION (ed-u-ka'shun), n. Process or result of educating. EDUCATIONAL (ed-u-ka'shun-al), a. Of or pertaining to education. EDUCATIONALIST (ed-u-ka'shun-al-ist), n. One versed in educational methods. EDUCATIVE (ed'u-ka-tiv), a. 1. Of or per- taining to education. 2. Calculated to teach. EDUCATOR (ed'u-ka-tur), n. One who or that which educates; teacher; instructor; educa- tionalist. EDUCE (e-dus'), vt. [pr.p. EDU'CING; p.t. and p.p. EDUCED (e-dust').] Bring or draw out; bring to light; abstract; evolve. [L. educo, bring out.] EDUCIBLE (e-du'si-bl), c. That may or can be educed. EDUCTION ( e-duk'shun ), n. Act of educing. EDUCTIVE (e-duk'tiv), a. Educing. EDUCTOR (e-duk'tflr), n. That which educes. EDULCORATE (e-dul'ko-rat), vt. [pr.p. EDUI/- CORATING; p.t. and p.p. EDULCORATED.] Chem. Free from acids and salts, or other impurities, by washing or repeated affusions of water. [L. e-, out, and dulcoratus, p.p. of dulcoro, sweeten.] ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. EEL 432 EFFLUENCE EEL (SI), n. Snake-like, edible fish. — Electric eel, an eel so named because of its ability to give an electric shock. [A. S. cele; Ger. aal.] t Electric Eel (Gymnotus electricus). EELPOT (el'pot), n. Long flexible reed basket placed In the water for the purpose of catching eels. E'EN (en). Contraction of EVEN. E'ER (ar). Contraction of EVER. EERIE, EERY (e'ri), a. 1. Wild. 2. Timid. [Sc] EFFACE (ef-fasO, vt. [pr.p. EFFA'CING: p.t. and p.p. EFFACED (ef-fast').] 1. Destroy. 2. Blot or rub out. [L. ex, out, and fades, face.] EFFACEMENT (ef-fas'ment), n. Act of effa- cing; obliteration; erasure. EFFECT (ef-fekf), vt. [pr.p. EFFECTING; p.t. and p.p. EFFECT'ED.] Cause or produce; bring about; accomplish; achieve. [L. effectus; from ex, out, and facio, do.] EFFECT (ef-fekf), n. 1. That which is produced by a cause. 2. Force; validity. 3. Gist or substance. 4. [pi.] Goods; movables; personal estate. — For effect, with the design of creating an impression; ostentatiously. — Give effect to, make valid; carry out in practice. SYN. Consequence; result; issue; event; outcome; fruit; validity; force; weight; power ; efficiency ; purport ; import ; meaning; tenor; fact; reality; impression; [pi.] goods; property; chattels; movables; commodities. ANT. Cause; source; origin; motive. EFFECTER (ef-fekt'er), EFFECTOR (ef-fekf- ur), n. One who or that which produces effects. EFECTIVE (ef-fekt'iv), I. a. 1. Having the power of effecting a desired result; efficacious; effectual; efficient. 2. Capable of or fit for duty or service. II. n. 1. Mil. Soldier fit for duty; an efficient. 2. That which effects; a cause. EFFECTIVELY (ef-fekt'iv-li), adv. In an effect- ive manner; with effect. EFFECTIVENESS (ef-fekt'iv-nes), n. Quality of being effective. EFFECTUAL (ef-fek'tu-al), a. Producing de- sired results. EFFECTUALLY (ef-fek'tu-al-i), adv. In an effectual manner. EFFECTUATE (ef-fek'tu-at), vt. [pr.p. EF- FECTUATING ;p.t. and p.p.EFFEC'TUATED.] Accomplish; effect. EFFEMINACY (ef-fem'I-na-si), n. 1. Softness or weakness, unbecoming a man. 2. Indul- gence in unmanly pleasures. EFFEMINATE (ef-fem'i-nat), a. Womanish; unmanly; weak. [L. effeminatus, p.p. of effemlno, weaken; from ex, out, and femlna, woman.] EFFEMINATE (ef-fem'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. EF- FEMINATING; p.t. and p.p. EFFEM'INA- TED.] Render womanish; unman; weaken. EFFEMINATELY (ef-fem'i-nat-li), adv. In an effeminate manner. EFFEMINATENESS (ef-fem'i-nat-nes), n. Qual- ity of being effeminate. EFFENDI (ef-fen'di), n. [pi. EFFEN'DIS or EFFEN'DIES.] Turkish title for civil officials and educated persons generally. [Turk. efendi.] EFFERVESCE (ef-er-ves'), vi. [pr.p. EFFER- VES'CING; p.t. and p.p. EFFERVESCED (ef-er-vest').] Boil up; bubble and hiss; froth up. [L. effervesco; from ex, out, and fervo, boil.] EFFERVESCENCE (ef-er-ves'ens), n. State of being effervescent. EFFERVESCENT (ef-er-ves'ent), a. Boiling or bubbling from the escapement of gas. EFFETE (ef-fef), a. Worn out with age; sterile. [L. effetus.] EFFICACIOUS (ef-i-ka'shus), a. Able to pro- duce the result intended. EFFICACIOUSLY (ef-i-ka'shus-li), adv. In an efficacious manner; effectually. EFFICACIOUSNESS (ef-i-ka'shus-nes ), ». Quality of being efficacious. EFFICACY (ef'i-ka-si), ». Power to produce effects or results. [L. efficacia, power.] EFFICIENCY (ef-flsh'en-si), n. Quality or state of being efficient. EFFICIENT (ef-flsh'ent), a. Capable of produ- cing the desired result; effective. [L. efficiens, pr.p. of efficio, effect.] SYN. Effectual; competent; capable; able; energetic; efficacious. ANT. Inef- ficient; powerless; weak. EFFICIENT (ef-flsh'ent), n. 1. Efficient or qualified person. 2. Efficient cause. 3. Math. Factor. EFFIGY (ef'i-ji), n. [pi. EF'FIGIES.] Likeness or figure of a person. [L. fingo, form.] EFFLORESCE (ef-16-res'), vi. [pr.p. EF- FLORES'CING; p.t and p.p. EFFLORESCED (ef-16-rest').] 1. Blossom forth. 2. Form a whitish crust. [L.] EFFLORESCENCE, (ef-16-res'ens), n. 1. Pro- duction of flowers. 2. Time of flowering. 3. Cutaneous rash. 4. Formation of a white incrustation on the surface of bodies. EFFLORESCENCY (ef-16-res'en-si), n. Quality or state of being efflorescent. EFFLORESCENT (ef-ld-res'ent), c. 1. Bot. Commencing to flower. 2. Chem. Forming Into white threads or powder. 3. Liable to efflorescence. [L. efflorescens, pr.p. of effloresco, begin to blossom.] EFFLUENCE (ef'16-ens), EFFLUENCY (ef'ld- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. EFFLUENT 433 EGRET en-sl), n. 1. A flowing out. 2. That which flows out; efflux. [L. ex, out, and fluo, flow.] EFFLUENT (ef lo-ent), I. a. Flowing out. II. n. Stream that flows out of another stream or lake. EFFLUVIUM (ef-flo'vl-um),n. [pi. EFFLU'VIA.] An invisible emanation; specifically applied to noxious or disagreeable exhalations; commonly in the plural. [L.; flowing out.] EFFLUX (ef'luks), n. 1. Act of flowing out; effluence; effusion. 2. That which flows out; emanation. [L. efflnxus, p.p. of effluo, flow out.] EFFLUXION (ef-fluk'shun), n. 1. A flowing forth; lapse. 2. An emanation; issue. EFFORT (ef'furt), n. Application of energy; exertion of force. [L. ex, out, forth, and fortis, strong.] SYN. Trial; attempt; endeavor; exertion; essay. ANT. Failure ; ease ; inactivity. EFFRONTERY (ef-frunt'er-1), n. Shameless- ness; boldness; impudence. [Fr. — L. ex, forth, and frons, forehead.] EFFULGENCE (ef-ful'jens), n. Brightness; flood of light. EFFULGENT (ef-ful'jent), a. Shining forth; splendid. [L. ex, forth, and fulgeo, shine.] EFFULGENTLY (ef-ful'jent-li), adv. In an efful- gent manner; brightly. EFFUSE (ef-fuz'), v. [pr.p. EFFU'SING; p.t. and p.p. EFFUSED (ef-fuzd').] I. vt. Pour forth; emit; shed. II. vi. Issue forth; ema- nate. [L. effusus, p.p. of effundo, pour out.] EFFUSE (ef-fus'), c. Spreading widely or loosely; not compact. EFFUSION (ef-fu'zhun), n. 1. Act of pouring out. 2. That which Is poured out or forth; outpouring. 3. Quality of being effusive. EFFUSIVE (ef-fu'siv), a. 1. Pouring forth abundantly; gushing. 2. Expressing emotion in a pronounced manner. EFFUSIVELY (ef-fu'siv-li), adv. In an effusive manner; profusely. EFFUSIVENESS (ef-fu'siv-nes), ». Quality of being effusive. EFT (eft), n. Small lizard; newt. [A. S.] EGERIA (e-je'ri-a), n. Boman Myth. The nymph, one of the Camenae, who instructed Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome, in the different forms of worship. Sometimes written Mgerla. EGG (eg), n. 1. Oval body laid by female birds and certain other animals, from which their young are produced. 2. Cell in which an embryo develops. [A. S. ceg.~\ EGG (eg), v.t. [pr.p. EGGING; p.t. and p.p. EGGED (egd).] 1. Pelt with eggs. 2. Mix or cover with eggs. EGG (eg), vt. [pr.p. EGG'ING; p.t. and p.p. EGGED (egd).] Urge on; incite; commonly followed by on; as to egg one on to some deed. [A. S. eggja, goad.] 2GG-BEATER (eg'bet-er), n. Mechanical de- Eggplant (Solarium melongena) . vice used to whip eggs into a cream-like con- sistency. EGG-CUP (eg'kup), n. Crockery-ware cup used to hold eggs while being eaten from the shell. EGGNOG (eg-nog'), n. Drink made of eggs beaten up, sugar, and wine or spirit. EGGPLANT (eg'plant), n. Plant with large egg-shaped edible fruit; also the fruit. EGIS, .EGIS (e'jis), n. 1. Originally, a shield given by Jupiter to Miner- va. 2. Protect- ing influence or power. [L. cegls, from Gr. Aigis.] EGLANTINE (eg'- lan-tin), n. 1. Sweetbrier (Rosa ruoiginosa). 2. Dogrose ( Rosa ca- nlna). [Fr.; from O. Fr. aiglant; from L. aculeus, a prickle; from acus, point.] EGO (e'go or eg'6), n. Self-conscious subject, as contrasted with the NON-EGO, or object. [L.] EGOISM (e'gd-izm), n. 1. Selfishness. 2. Sub- jective idealism. EGOIST (S'g6-ist), n. 1. One who thinks and speaks too much of himself. 2. One who holds the doctrine of subjective idealism. EGOISTIC (6-g6-is'tik), EGOISTICAL (e-go- is'tik-aD, a. 1. Self-absorbed; selfish. 2. Of or pertaining to subjective idealism. 3. Egotistic. EGOTISM (e'go-tizm or eg'o-tizm), n. Frequent use of the pronoun I; self-exaltation; self- conceit. SYN. Vanity; conceitedness; self-esteem; egoism; self-assertion. ANT. Self-distrust; deference; self-abnegation; diffidence; mod- esty. EGOTIST (e'gfi-tist), n. One given to egotism. EGOTISTIC (e-go-tis'tik), EGOTISTICAL (e-go- tis'tik-al), a. 1. Given to egotism. 2. Exhibiting or containing egotism. EGREGIOUS (e-gre'ji-us), a. Prominent (in a bad sense). [L. e, out of, and grex, flock.] EGREGIOUSLY (e-gre'ji-us-li), adv. In an egregious manner; uncommonly; shamefully. EGRESS (e'gres), n. 1. A go- ing out; a departure; exit; is- sue. 2. Place of going out; means of exit. [L. egressus; from e, out, and gradior, go.] EGRET (e'gret), n. 1. Species of herons that during the breeding season show a lengthened feathery American Egret (Garzetta candi- ima). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n—u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. EGRETTE 434 ELASTIC Abbas II, Khedive of Egypt. Born 1874. * plumage on back and breast. 2. Tuft of long feathers on a bird's back. 3. Tuft com- posed of feathers or precious stones; aigret; egrette. [Fr. aigrette.] EGRETTE (e-gref), n. Tuft of feathers, diamonds, etc. See AIGRET. EGYPT (e'jipt), n. N. E. Af- rica and Sinai Peninsula, Asia. Area 394,345 sq. m. EyPTIAN (e-jip'shan), I. a. Belonging to Egypt. II. n. Native of Egypt. Egyptology (e-jip-toi'o- ji), n. Science of Egyptian antiquities. EH (a or e), inter j. Expresses inquiry or slight surprise. EIDER (i'der), n. Same as EIDER-DUCK. EIDER-DOWN (i'der-down), n. Down of the eider-duck. EIDER-DUCK (i'der-duk), n. Kind of sea-duck, in Northern re- gions, sought after for its fine down. [Ice. ozhr.] EIDOLOSCOPE (i- do'lo-skop),w. Ma- chine for enlarg- ing and exhibiting kinetoscopic films. [Gr. eidolon, im- age, and -SCOPE.] EIDOSCOPE (I'do- skop), n. Kalei- doscope with disk producing geometric pic- tures. EIGHT (at), I. n. 1. Cardinal number one above seven; seven and one; twice four. 2. The figure or symbol (8 or viii) denoting eight. II. a. Noting the number eight. [A. S. eahta.] EIGHTEEN (at-en'), n. 1. Eight and ten; twice nine. 2. Symbol (18) denoting eighteen. EIGHTEENMO (at-en'mo), a. and n. Octo- decimo; book whose signatures each consists of 18 leaves. EIGHTEENTH (at-enth'), I. a. Next in order after the seventeenth. II. n. One of eighteen equal parts. EIGHTH (atth), I. a. 1. Coming next in order after the seventh. 2. Denoting one of eight equal parts. II. n. One of eight equal parts. EIGHTHLY (atth'li), adv. In the eighth place. EIGHTIETH (at'i-eth), I. a. 1. Coming next after the seventy-ninth. 2. Denoting one of eighty equal parts. II. n. One of eighty equal parts. EIGHTY (at'i), a. and n. Eight times ten; four- score. [A.. S. eahta, eight, and tig, ten.] EIS- WOOL (Is'wqI), n. Special fine-spun woolen yarn used for delicate crocheting or needle- work. Eider-duck. (Somateria mollissima) . EITHER (e'ther or Vther), I. a. and pron. The one or the other; one of two. II. conj. Intro- duces an alternative, as in either now or never. [A.S. — roots of EACH and WHETHER.] EJACULATE (e-jak'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. EJACULA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EJACULATED.] Utter with suddenness. [L. e, out, and jacio, throw.] EJACULATION (e-jak-u-la'shun), n. 1. Sudden utterance of short exclamation or prayer. 2. What is so uttered. EJACULATIVE (e-jak'u-la-tiv), EJACULA- TORY (e-jak'u-la-to-ri), a. Uttered in short earnest sentences or exclamations. EJECT (e-jekf), vt. [pr. p. EJECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. EJECT'ED.] 1. Cast out; expel. 2. Law. Dispossess by legal proceedings. [L. ejectus, p.p. of ejicio, throw or cast out; from e, out, and jacio, throw.] SYN. Expel; oust; evict. ANT. Receive; retain; inject. EJECTION (e-jek'shun), n. 1. Act of ejecting; expulsion; eviction. 2. That which is ejected. EJECTMENT (e-jekt'ment), n. Act or process of ejecting; ejection. EJECTOR (e-jekt'ur), n. One who or that which ejects. EKE (ek), vt. [pr.p. E'KING; p.t. and p.p. EKED (ekt).] Make barely sufficient by ad- dition; usually followed by out. [A. S. Scan.] ELABORATE (e-lab'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. ELAB'- ORATING; p.t. and p.p. ELABORATED.] 1. Produce with labor. 2. Improve by successive operations. [L. elaboro, labor greatly.] ELABORATE (e-lab'o-rat), a. 1. Wrought with labor. 2. Done with fullness and exact- ness; highly wrought. ELABORATELY (e-lab'o-rat-li), adv. In an elaborate manner. ELABORATION (e-lab-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act or process of elaborating. 2. State or quality of being elaborate. ELABORATIVE (e-lab'o-ra-tiv), to elaborate. ELABORATOR (e-lab'o-ra-tur), or that which elaborates. ELAND (e'land), n. South Afri- can antelope, resemblingthe elk in having a protuberance in the larynx. [D u t . eland, elk.] ELAPSE (e-laps'), vi.[pr.p.EL,APS'- ING; p.t. and p.p. ELAPSED ,, (e-lapst').] Slip^J* away; pass si- ''^L lently, as time. [See LAPSE.] ELASTIC (e-las'tik), I o. Tending n. One who Eland (Oreas carina). a. Having a tendency fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, i\-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ELASTICITY 435 ELECTRICUTE to recover the original form; springy. II. n. Fabric containing rubber. [Gr. elao, elaso, drive or urge.] ELASTICITY (e-las-tis'i-ti), n. Quality or con- dition of being elastic. ELATE (e-laf), vt. [pr.p. ELA'TING; p.t. and p.p. ELA'TED.] Raise the spirits of; inspirit; make elate. [L. e, out, and lotus, borne.] ELATE (e-laf), a. Exalted in spirit; exultant. [L. elatus, lifted up.] SYN. Cheered; joyed; overjoyed; in- spirited; inflated; transported; exalted; proud. ANT. Depressed; dispirited; dejected. ELATER (el'a-ter), n. One of the spiral elastic threads attached to or accompanying certain spores. [Gr. elater, driver.] ELATION (e-la'shun), n. State of being elate. ElBA (el'ba), n. Island near Italy. ELBE (el'be), n. River, Germany, flows 780 m. to North Sea. ELBOW (el'bo), vt. [pr.p. ELBOWING; p.t. and p.p. ELBOWED (el'bod).] Push with the elbow; jostle. [A. S. elboga.] ELBOW (el'bo), n. 1. Joint where the arm bends. 2. Sharp turn or bend. ELD (eld), n. Old age; antiquity. [A. S. eald, old.] ELDER (el'der), n. Shrub with a spongy pith bearing useful red or purple berries. [A. S. ellern.] ELDER (el'der), I. a. Older; prior in origin. II. n. 1. One who is older; an ancestor; one ad- vanced to office on account of age. 2. One of the officers in the Presbyterian Church. [A. S. yldra, comp. of eald, old.] ELDERBERRY (el- der-ber-i), n. [pi, ELDERBERRIES.] Fruit of the elder. ELDERLINESS (el'- der=li-nes), n. State or condition of being elderly. ELDERLY(el'der-li),a. Somewhat old; bor- dering on old age. ELDERSHIP (el'der- ship), n. 1. Office or dignity of an elder. 2. Official body of elders. ELDER WINE (el'der-win), n. Wine made from juice of elderberries and fortified by the ad- dition of alcoholic spirits. ELDEST (el'dest), a. Oldest; that was born first. [A. S. yldesta, superl. of eald, old.] ELDORADO (el-do-ra/do), n. 1. Region rich in gold, gems, etc. 2. Dreamland of wealth. [Sp. el, the, and dorado, golden.] ELECT (e-lekf), vt. [pr.p. ELECTING; p.t. and p.p. ELECT'ED.] 1. Pick or choose out of a number; select. 2. Choose for any office by Elderberries (Sambucus nigra). voting. [L. eligo, choose; from e, out, and lego, choose.] ELECT (e-lekf), I. a. 1. Chosen. 2. Elected to an office but not yet in it, as president elect. II. n. 1. One chosen or set apart. 2. One chosen to salvation; usually in the plural, the elect. ELECTION (e-lek'shun), n. 1. Act of choosing. 2. Public choice of a person for office. 3. Freewill. 4. Theol. Predetermination as ob- ject of divine mercy. ELECTIONEER (e-lek-shun-er'), vi. [pr.p. ELECTIONEERING; p.t. and p.p. ELEC- TIONEERED (e»lek-shun-erd').] Canvass for votes. ELECTIVE ( e-lekf iv), a. Pertaining to, de- pendent on, or exerting, the power of choice. ELECTIVELY (e-lekf iv-li), adv. By choice. ELECTOR (e-lek'tur), n. 1. One who elects. 2. One who has a vote at an election. 3. In TJ. S., one elected by popular vote to elect the President and Vice-president. 4. Formerly, one of seven German princes, who elected the Emperor. ELECTORATE (e-lek'tur-at), n. 1. Rank of an elector in the old German empire. 2. Body of electors or voters. ELECTRA (e-lek'tra), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and sister of Orestes. ELECTREPETER (e-lek-trep'e-ter), n. Elec. Device used to change di- rection of currents of electricity. ELECTRIC (e-lek'trik), ELEC- TRICAL (e-lek'trik-al), a. Hav- ing the properties of, pertaining to, or produced by, electricity. — Electric light, light produced by electricity. [Gr. elektron, amber, in which electricity was first ob- served.] ELECTRICALLY (e-lek'trik-al-i), adv. 1. By means of electricity. 2. In the manner of electricity. ELECTRICIAN (e-lek-trish'yan), n. 1. One versed in the science of electricity. 2. Elec- trical mechanic. ELECTRICITY (e-lek-tris'i-ti), n. 1. Subtile force, manifesting itself in various forms of energy, such as magnetism, light, heat, chem- ical decomposition, etc. 2. Science which in- vestigates the phenomena and laws of this force. — Statical electricity, produced by fric- tion, and at rest. — Current electricity, pro- duced by battery or dynamo, dynamical in nature. ELECTRICS (e-lek'triks), n. 1. Science of elec- tricity. 2. [pi.] Substances susceptible of be- coming charged with electricity through fric- tion. ELECTRICUTE (e-lek'tri-kut), vt. [pr.p. ELEC- TRICUTING; p.t. and p.p. ELEC'TRICUTED.] Same as ELECTROCUTE. : Electric Light. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch- ELECTRIDES 436 ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS » ELECTRIDES ( e-lek-tri'dez ), n.pl. Greek Myth. The famed Amber Islands in the Eridanus River and where the tears of the weeping trees were supposed to become con- verted into amber. ELECTRIFIABLE (e-lek'tri-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of being electrified. ELECTRIFICATION (e-lek-tri-fi-ka/shun), n. 1. Act or process of electrifying. 2. State of being electrified. ELECTRIFY (e-lek'tri-fi), vt. [pr.p. ELEC- TRIFYING; p.t. and p.p. ELECTRIFIED (e- lek'tri-fid).] 1. Communicate electricity to. 2. Excite suddenly. [L. electrum, amber, and facio, make.] ELECTRO-, stem. Used in composition for ELECTRIC. [Gr. elektron, amber.] ELECTROBATH (e-lek'tro-bath), n. Liquefied metallic solution used for electroplating. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (e-lek-tro-kar'di-6- gram), n. Cardiogram produced by combina- tion of electrometer and cardiograph. ELECTROCHEMISTRY (e-lek-tro-kem'is-tri), n. Science which treats of chemical effects produced through the agency of electricity. [ELECTRO- and CHEMISTRY.] ELECTRO CULTURE (e-lek-tro-kul'tur), n. Stimulation of plant life by the application of the electric current or by electric light. ELECTROCUTE (e-lek'tro-kut), vt. [pr.p. ELECTROCUTING; p.t. and p.p. ELEC- TROCUTED.] Inflict capital punishment upon by means of electricity; kill by electrification. [Cont. from ELECTRO-EXECUTE.] ELECTROCUTION (e-lek-tro-ku'shun), n. Act of electrocuting. ELECTRODE (e-lek'trod), n. Either of the two poles (anode and cathode) at the end of an electric current. ELECTRODYNAMICS (e-lek-tro-di-nam'iks), n. Science of the mutual action of electric cur- rents and of such currents and magnets. ELECTROD YNAMOMETER (e-lek-tro-di-na- mom'e-ter), n. Instrument for determining the strength of an electric cur- rent by interaction of two coils. ELECTROKINETICS (e- lek-tro-ki-net'iks), n. Science of electrical mo- tion. [ELECTRO- and KI- NETICS.] ELECTROLOGY (e-lek-trol' o-ji), n. Science which treats of electricity. [ELEC- TRO- and -LOGY.] ELECTROLIER (e-lek-tro-ler'), n. Decorated wall-bracket, ceiling-drop, or other similar apparatus for supporting electric lights. ELECTROLYSIS (e-lek-trol'i-sis), n. Process of chemical decomposition by electricity. [ELEC- TRO-, and Gr. lysis, solution.] Electrolier. ELECTROMAGNET n. Horseshoe- shaped bar of soft iron, mag- netized by a current of elec- tricity in an in- sulated wire wound around it. ELECTROMAG- NETIC (e-lek- tro-mag-net'ik) lek-tro-mag'net), A-B. Electromagnet. Two gps pipes fastened with lead joints c. Current flowing- in direction of arrows leaves pipe at a, enters ground re- enters pipe at b causing corrosion from a to b. , a. Of, pertaining to, or pro- duced by, electromagnetism. ELECTROMAGNETISM (e-lek- tro-mag'net-izm),«. 1. Magnet- ism developed by a current of electricity. 2. Science of de- veloping and using it. ELECTROMETER (e-lek-trom'e- ter), n. Instrument for meas- uring the electrostatic force of electricity. ELECTROMOTION (e-lek- tro-mo'shun), n. Mo- tion electrically pro- duced. ELECTR03IOTI VE (e-lek- tro-mo'tiv), a. Pertain- ing to or producing elec- tromotion. ELECTR03IOTOR (e-lek-j tro-mo'tur),w. Machine for producing motion by electricity. Electrometer. ELECTRON (e-lek'tron), n. 1. Same as ELEC- TRUM. 2. The electric force of an atom, claimed by some to be a separate entity. [Gr. elektron, amber.] ELECTROPLATE (e-lek'tro- plat), vt. [pr.p. ELECTRO- PLATING; p.t. and p.p. E- LEC'TROPLATED.] Plate with gold, etc., by electrolysis. ELECTROSCOPE (e-lek'tro- skop), n. Instrument to test the presence, nature and in- tensity of the electric force. [ELECTRO- and -SCOPE.] ELECTROSTATICS (e-lek-tro- stat'iks), n. Science of elec- tricity in equilibrium. ELECTRO - THERAPEUTICS (e-lek-tro-ther-a-pu'tiks), E- LECTRO-THERAPY (e-lek- tro-ther'a-pi), n. Branch of medicine using electricity as a curative; treatment of disease by electricity. ELECTROTYPE (e-lek'tro-tip), ElecFroscope . n. Facsimile plate for printing made by electroplating. [ELECTRO and TYPE.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, iX~u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ELECTROTYPE 437 ELIXIR ELECTROTYPE (e-lek'tro-tip), vt. [pr.p. ELEC- TROTYPING; p.t. and p.p. ELECTROTYPED (e-lek'trd-tipt).] Make a copy of by electro- » typing. ELECTROTYPING (e-lek'tro-ti-ping), n. Proc- ess, art, or business of making electrotypes. ELECTROTYPY(e-lek'tro-tl-pi), n. Art or proc- ess of producing copies by electrotyping. ELECTRUM (e-lek'trum), n. 1. Amber. 2. Alloy of gold with a fifth part of silver. 3. Va- riety of gold ore of a pale brass color. [L. ; from Gr. elektron, amber.] ELECTUARY (e-lek'tu-a-ri), n. Medicine compounded with syrup, honey, etc. [Gr. ekleiMon; from efc, out, and leicho, lick.] ELEEMOSYNARY (el-e-e-mos'i-na-ri or el-e- mos'i-na-ri), a. Relating to charity or alms- giving. [Gr. ele&mosynS, alms — eleos, pity.] ELEGANCE (el'e-gans), n. 1. State or quality of being elegant. 2. Refinement; polish. 3. An elegancy. [Fr.; from L. elegantia; from elegans, neat, elegant.] ELEGANCY (el'e-gan-si), n. [pi. ELEGAN- CIES.] Anything that is elegant. ELEGANT (el'e-gant), a. 1. Graceful and re- fined; richly ornamental. 2. Sensible to beauty or propriety. [Fr. ; from L. elegans.] SYN. Exquisite; dainty; fine; choice; nice; delicate. ANT. Coarse; unrefined. ELEGIAC (e-le'ji-ak), ELEGIACAL (e-le'ji-ak- al), a. 1. Pertaining to elegy. 2. Mournful. 3. Used in elegies. ELEGIST (el'e-jist), n. One who writes elegies. ELEGY (el'e-ji), n. [pi. ELEGIES.] 1. Poem of mourning. 2. Funeral song. [Gr. elegos, I lament.] ELEMENT (el'e-ment), n. 1. One of the essentia] parts of anything; ingredient. 2. In chemistry, one of the simple bodies that have not been decomposed. 3. [pi.] Rudiments of anything. 4. [pi.] Fire, water, air and earth; forces of nature. 5. Proper sphere of a thing or being. 6. [pi.] Bread and wine used at the Com- munion. [L. elementum, first principle.] ELEMENTAL (el-e-men'tal), o. 1. Of or per- taining to an element or elements. 2. Rudi- mentary. ELEMENTARY (el-e-men'ta-ri), a. 1. Of a single element; primary; uncompounded. 2. Pertaining to the elements; treating of first principles. ELEPHANT (el'e-fant), n. Largest quadruped, Elephant {Elephas indicus) Plowing. having a very thick skin, a trunk, and two ivory tusks, of the genus Elephas. ELEPHANTIASIS (el-e-fan-ti'a-sis), n. Disease in which the legs become thick. ELEPHANTINE (el-e-fan'tin), a. 1. Pertaining to the elephant. 2. Like an elephant; very large. [Gr. elephas; Heb. eleph, ox.] ELEVATE (el'e-vat), vt. [pr.p. ELEVATING; p.t. and p.p. EL'EVATED.] 1. Raise; place higher. 2. Raise the spirits of. 3. Raise the pitch or increase the loudness of, as to elevate the voice. [L. eltus; ex, out, and levis, light.] SYN. Lift; hoist; elate; cheer; exalt; promote; animate; dignify; raise; heighten. ANT. Lower; degrade; debase. ELEVATION (el-e-va'shun), n. 1. Act of raising, or state of being raised; exaltation. 2. Height. 3. Arch. Geometrical view of the side of a building. 4. Raising elements of Eucharist after consecration. ELEVATOR (el'e-va-tur), n. 1. Contrivance for raising or lowering persons or goods to or from different floors or levels. 2. Muscle raising a part of the body. 3. Building de- , signed for elevating, storing, and loading j grain* 4. Aviation. Control. ELEVEN (e-lev'n), I. o. Ten and one. II. n. Figure (11). [A. S. endleofan.] ELEVENTH (e-lev'enth), a. 1. Next in order after the tenth. 2. Making one of eleven equal parts. ELF (elf), n. [pi. ELVES (elvz).] 1. Sprite or fairy. 2. Dwarf. 3. Mischievous person; imp. [A. S. celf.] ELFIN (elfin), I. a. Of or relating to elves. II. n. 1. An elf. 2. Sportive child; urchin. ELFISH (elfish), a. Elf-like; spiteful. ELICIT (e-lisit), vt. [pr.p. ELICITING; p.t. and p.p. ELICITED.] Draw out; educe. [L. elicitus, p.p. of elicio, draw out.] ELIDE (e-HdO, vt. [pr.p. ELI'DING; p.t. and p.p. ELI'DED.] Cut off or out, as a syllable. [L. elido; from e, out, and loedo, strike.] ELIGIBILITY (el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being eligible. ELIGIBLE (el'i-ji-bl), a. 1. Fit or worthy to be chosen. 2. Legally qualified. 3. Desirable. [L. eligo, choose.] ELIGIBLY (el'i-ji-bli), adv. Suitably. ELIMINATE (e-lim'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. ELIMINA- TING; p.t. and p.p. ELIMINATED.] 1. Expel; discharge; throw off. 2. Alg. Cause a quantity or quantities to disappear from an equation. [L. elimino; from ex, out, and limen, threshold.] ELIMINATION (e-llm-i-na'shun), n. Act of eliminating. ELISION (e-lizh'un), n. Suppression of a vowel or syllable. ELITE (a-iet')» n. Select body; best part. [Fr.] ELIXIR (e-liks'5r), n. 1. Quintessence. 2. Alchemy. Substance which invigorates, and changes a base metal into a precious one; philosopher's stone. 3. Compound tincture. [Ar.] : fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ELK 438 EMANATION > ELK (elk), n. 1. Largest existing species of the deer family, native of Europe and Asia. 2. The wapti, of America. [A. S. elch.] ELL (el), n. Cloth measure=l^ yards. [A. S. eln. See ELBOW.] ELLIPSE (el-lips'), ». Figure produced by the section of a cone by a plane passing through it obliquely. [Gr. elleipsis.] ELLIPSIS (el-lip'sis), n. [pi. ELLIPSES (el-lip'- sez).] Figure of syntax by which a word or words are left out and implied. [Gr. elleipsis; from en, in, and leipo, leave.] ELLIPSOID (el-lip'soid), n. Math. 1. Solid, every section of which is an ellipse or a circle. 2. Surface of such a solid. ELLIPSOID (el-lip'soid), ELLIPSOIDAL (el-lip- soi'dal), a. Pertaining to, or having the form of, an ellipsoid. ELLIPTIC (el-lip'tik), ELLIPTICAL (el-lip'tik- al), a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipse; oval. 2. Pertaining to ellipsis; having a part under- stood. [Gr. elleiptihos; from elleipsis. See ELLIPSIS.] ELLIPTICALLT (el-lip'tik-al-i), a. In an ellip- tic manner. ELLIPTICITY (el-lip-tis'i-ti), n. Deviation of an ellipse or spheroid from the form of a circle or sphere. ELM (elm), n. Any tree of the genus Vlmus, hardy shade-trees, furnishing very tough wood. [A. S. — L. ulmusJ] ELMO'S FIRE (el'moz fir). Electric ball of light, observed about the rigging of ships; St. Elmo's fire; corposant. ELOCUTION (el-o-ku'shun), n. Art of properly using voice and gestures in delivery. [Fr. — L. c, out, and loquor, speak.] ELOCUTIONARY (el-o-ku'shun-a-ri), a. Of or pertaining to elocution. ELOCUTIONIST (el-o-ku'shun-ist), n. 1. One versed in elocution. 2. Teacher of elocu- tion. ELOGE (a-lozh'), n. Praise; panegyric. [Fr.] ELOHIM (el'6-him or e-16'him), n. A Hebrew name of God, frequently found in certain parts of the Old Testament, which for this reason are called Elohistic. [Heb. eldhim.] ELONGATE (e-lang'gat), vt. [pr.p. ELON'GA- TING; p.t. and p.p. ELONGATED.] Make longer; extend. ELONGATE (e-lang'gat), a. Drawn out; ex- tended. ELONGATION (e-lang-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of elongating. 2. State of being elongated. 3. An extension. ELOPE (e-lop'), vi. [pr.p. ELO'PING; p.t. and p.p. ELOPED (e-16pt').] Run away; said espe- cially of a woman who runs away with a lover. [Dut. ontloopen; Ger. entlaufen.~\ ELOPEMENT (e-16p'ment), n. Act of eloping. ELOQUENCE (el'o-kwens), n. 1. Art of fine speaking. 2. Persuasive speech. ELOQUENT (el'o-kwent), a. Speaking with fluency, elegance, and power; persuasive. [L. eloquens. See ELOCUTION.] ELOQUENTLY (el'o-kwent-li), adv. In an eloquent manner. ELSE (els), adv. Further; besides. [A.S. ettes.] ELSEWHERE (els'hwar), adv. In another place; in other places. ELUCIDATE (e-lo'si-dat), vt. [pr.p. ELTJ'CIDA- TING; p.t. and p.p. ELU'CIDATED.] Make lucid or clear; illustrate; explain. [L. e, out, and lucidus, bright.] ELUCIDATION (e-16-si-da'shun), n. 1. Act of elucidating. 2. That which elucidates. ELUCIDATIVE (e-16'si-da-tiv), a. Tending to elucidate. ELUCIDATOR (e-lo'si-da-tur), n. One who elucidates. ELUDE (e-lod'), vt. [pr.p. ELU'DING; p.t. and p.p. ELU'DED.] Avoid by stratagem; baffle. [L. e, out, and ludo, play.] SYN. Evade; foil; frustrate; escape. ANT. Encounter; meet; confront; court; dare; defy. ELUSION (e-lo'zhun), n. Act of eluding; escape by artifice; evasion. ELUSIVE (e-lo'siv), a. Practicing elusion; deceptive. ELUSORY (e-lo'so-ri), a. Tending to elude or cheat; evasive; deceitful. ELVES (elvz), n. Plural of ELF. ELVISH (el'vish), a. Elfish; mischievous. ELYSIAN (e-lizh'i-an), a. Pertaining to Elysium; exceedingly delightful. ELYSIUM (e-lizh'i-um), n. Greek Myth. Abode of the blessed after death; delightful place. [Gr. elysion (pedion), Elysian (plain).] ELYTRON (el'i-tron), ELYTRUM (el'i-trum), n. [pi. EL'YTKA.] One of the fore-wings of beetles, modified to form more or less hard coverings for the hind pair. [Gr. elytron, case.] EM (em), n. 1. Letter M. 2. Print. The square of the body of a type. EM-, prefix. Form of en- before labials E3IACIATE (e-ma'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. EMA 'CIA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EMA'CIATED.] Deprive of flesh; waste. [L. emacio, make lean.] EMACIATION (e-ma-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of emaciating. 2. Leanness. EMANANT (em'a-nant), a. Flowing from; em- anating. [L. emanans, pr.p. of emano, flow out.] EMANATE (em'a-nat), vi. [pr.p. EM'ANATING; p.t. and p.p. EM'ANATED.] Flow out or from; take origin or arise. SYN. Originate; proceed; flow; spring; rise. ANT. Terminate; culminate; end; eventuate. EMANATION (em-a-na'shun), n. 1. A flowing out from a source. 2. That which issues or proceeds from some source. fate, ?at. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=eh in Scotch loch. EMANCIPATE 439 EMBLEMATIC EMANCIPATE (e-man 'si-pat), vt. [pr.p. EMAN- CIPATING; p.t. and p.p. EMANCIPATED.] Sei free from servitude ; free from restraint or bondage. [L. e, out, and mancipo, give up.] EMANCIPATION (e-man-si-pa'shun), n. 1. Act of setting free. 2. State of being set free. EMARGINATE (e-mar'ji-nat), a. Bot. Having the marginal apex of a leaf notched. EMASCULATE (e-mas'ku-lat), vt. [pr.p. EMAS'- CULATING; p.t. and p.p. EMASCULATED.] Deprive of masculine vigor. EMASCULATION (e-mas-ku-la/shun), n. 1. Act of emasculating. 2. State of being emas- culated. EMBALM (em-bam'), vt. [pr.p. EMBALMING; p.t. and p.p. EMBALMED (em-bamd').] 1. Preserve from decay by aromatic drugs. 2. Perfume. [Fr. See BALM.] EMBALMER (em-bam'er), n. One who em- balms. EMBANK (em-bangk'), vt. [pr.p. EMBANK'ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBANKED (em-bangkt').] In- close or defend with a bank or dike. EMBANKMENT (cm-bangk'ment), n. 1. Act of embanking. 2. Bank or mound. EMBARCATION, n. Same as EMBARKATION. EMBARGO (em-bar'go), n. [pi. EMBARGOES.] 1. Prohibition of ships to leave port. 2. Stop- page of trade for a time by authority. 3. Re- straint; prohibition. [Sp.] EMBARGO (em-bar'go), vt. [pr.p. EMBAR'- GOING; p.t. and p.p. EMBARGOED (em-bar '- gdd).] 1. Lay an embargo upon; prohibit. 2. Requisition; seize. EMBARK (em-bark'), v. [pr.p. EMBARK'ING; p.U and p.p. EMBARKED (em-barkt').] I. vt. 1. Put on board a bark. 2. Venture. II. vi. 1. Go on board a bark. 2. Engage in any venture. [Fr. embarquer; from em, in, and barque, bark.] EMBARKATION (em-bar-ka'shun), n, 1. Act of embarking. 2. That which is embarked. EMBARRASS (em-bar'as), vt. [pr.p. EMBAR'- RASSING; p.t. and p.p. EMBARRASSED (em- barest).] 1. Involve in difficulty. 2. Per- plex. [Fr. embarrasser; from em, in, and barrc, bar.] SYN. Entangle; disconcert; trouble; perplex; confuse; hamper; impede; clog; encumber. ANT. Extricate; liberate; ex- pedite; facilitate; assist; disencumber. EMBARRASSMENT ( em-bar 'as-ment), w. 1. Perplexity; confusion. 2. Difficulties in money-matters. EMBASSADOR (em-bas'a-dtir), n. Same as AMBASSADOR. EMBASSY (em'bas-i), n, 1. Charge or function of an ambassador. 2. Person or persons sent on an embassy. 3. Official residence of an ambassador. [L. ambactus — a Gallic word meaning servant.] EMBATTLE (em-bat'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBAT'- TLING; p.U and p.p. EMBATTLED (em- bat'ld).] 1. Form in line of battle. 2. Equip or arm for battle. [O. Fr. eml>atailler.] EMBATTLE (em-bat'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBAT'- TLING; p.t. and p.p. EMBATTLED (em-baf- ld).] Furnish with battlements. EMBED (em-bed'), vt. [pr.p. EMBED 'DING; p.t. and p.p. EMBED'DED.] Lay, as in a bed; place in a mass of matter; imbed. EMBELLISH (em-bel'ish), vt. [pr.p. EMBEL'- LISHING; p.t. and p.p. EMBELLISHED (em- bel'isht).] 1. Make beautiful with ornaments. 2. Make graceful. 3. Illustrate pictorially, as a book. [Fr. embellir; from em, in, and bel, beau, beautiful.] SYN. See ADORN. EMBELLISHER (em-bel'ish-Sr), n. One who embellishes. EMBELLISHMENT (em-bel'ish-ment), n, 1. Act of embellishing. 2. Decoration; ornament; illustration. EMBER (em'ber), n. Live coal or smoldering brand; chiefly in plural, unextinguished re- mains of a fire. [A. S. mmyrian, embers.] EMBER-DAYS (em'ber-daz), n.pl. Three fast- days in each quarter. (Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, after the first Sunday in Lent, after Whitsunday, after September 14, and after December 13.) [A. S. ymb-ryne, circuit.] EMBEZZLE (em-bez'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBEZ- ZLING; p.t. and p.p. EMBEZZLED (em-bez'- ld).] Appropriate fraudulently what has been intrusted. [From root of IMBECILE.] EMBEZZLEMENT (em-bez'1-ment), n. Act of embezzling. EMBEZZLER (em-bez'ler), n. One who embez- zles. EMBITTER (em-bit'er), vt, [pr.p. EMBIT'TER- ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBITTERED (em-bif- erd).] 1. Make bitter or more bitter. 2. Exasperate. EMBLAZON (em-bla'zn), vt. [pr.p. EMBLA'- ZONING; p.t. and p.p. EMBLAZONED (em- bla'znd).] 1. Deck in blazing colors. 2. Her, Blazon or adorn with figures. EMBLAZONER (em-bla'zn-er), n. One who emblazons. EMBLAZONMENT (em-bla'zn-ment), n. An emblazoning. E31BLAZONRY (em-bla'zn-ri), n. [pi. EM- BLA'ZONRIES.] 1. Art or act of emblazon- ing. 2. High coloring, literal or figurative. 3. Heraldic devices. EMBLEM (em'blem), n. Picture or other object suggestive of something different from itself. [Gr. emblema, inlaid work — en, in, and balld, lay, cast.] SYN. Sign; symbol; type; attribute; de- vice; badge; representation; token. ANT. Disguise; ruse; blind; incognito. EMBLEMA (em-blS'ma), n. [pi. EMBLE'MATA.] An inlaid ornament. [L.] EMBLEMATIC (em-ble-mat'ik), EMBLEMAT- ICAL (em-ble-mat'ik-gl).] a, 1. Pertaining to fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me\ met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, iX=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EMBLEMATICALLY 440 E3IENDATOR > or containing emblems. 2. Serving as an emblem; symbolic. EMBLEMATICALLY (em-ble-mat'ik-al-i), adv. By way or means of an emblem; symbolically. EMBLEMATIZE ( em-blem'a-tiz ), vt. [pr.p. EMBLEM 'ATIZING; p.t. and p.p. EMBLEM- ATIZED (em-blem'a-tizd).] 1. Serve as an emblem of. 2. Represent by an emblem. EMBODIMENT (em-bod'i-ment), n. 1. Bodily presentation. 2. Formal expression. 3. Col- lection into an aggregate body. EMBODY (em-bod'i), v. [pr.p. EMBOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. EMBODIED (em-bod'id), I. vt. 1. Invest with a body; incarnate. 2. Form in- to a body or united whole; incorporate. II. vi. Unite in a body or mass. EMBOLDEN (em-bold'n), vt. [pr.p. EMBOLD'- ENING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOLDENED (em- bdld'nd).] Give boldness or courage to; en- courage. EMBOLISM (em'bo-lizm), n. 1. An intercala- tion. 2. Pathol. Presence of obstructing clots In an artery or blood-vessel. [Gr. em- bolismos, an intercalation.] EMBOLITE (em'bo-lit), n. 3Jin. Chlorid of silver found in native state in mines. EMBONPOINT (ang-bang-pwang'), ». Full- ness of figure; plumpness. [Fr.] EMBOSOM (em-bQz'um), vt. [pr.p. EMBOS'OM- ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOSOMED (em-bQz'- umd).] 1. Receive into the affections. 2. In- close; surround. EMBOSS (em-bos'), vt. [pr.p. EMBOSSING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOSSED (em-bost').] Form bosses or protuberances upon; ornament with raised work. EMBOSSMENT ( em-bos 'ment), n. Prominence like a boss; raised work. EMBOUCHURE (em-bp-shor'), n. 1. Mouth of a river, cannon, etc. 2. Mouth-hole of a wind musical instrument. 3. Adjustment of the player's mouth to the mouth-hole of the in- strument. [Fr. bouche, mouth.] EMBOWEL (em-bow'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBOWEL- ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOWELED (em-bow'ld).] 1. Bury; imbed. 2. Disembowel. EMBOWER (em-bow'er), vt. [pr.p. EMBOW- ERING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOWERED (em- bow'erd).] Place in a bower; shelter with foliage. EMBRACE (em-bras'), v. [pr.p. EMBRA'CING; p.t. and p.p. EMBRACED (em-brast').] I. vt. 1. Take in the arms. 2. Take willingly; accept. 3. Encircle. II. vi. Join in an embrace. [O. Fr. embracer — L. in, in, and brachium, arm.] SYN. Clasp; hug; receive; welcome; en- compass; include; comprise; comprehend. ANT. Exclude; reject; repulse; expel; dis- own. EMBRACE (em-bras'), n. Fond pressure in the arms; act of embracing; hug. EMBRACERY (em-bra'ser-i), n. Crim. Law. Offense of influencing a jury corruptly, or attempting to do so. [O. Fr. embraceor; from embracer, set on fire.] E3IBRASURE (em-bra'zhor), n. 1. Inside en- largement of an opening in a wall. 2. Open- ing in a wall for cannon. [O. Fr. embraser, chamfer.] EMBROCATE (em'bro-kat), vt. [pr.p. EM'. BROCATING; p.t. and p.p. EM'BROCATED.] Moisten and rub, as a sore, with a lotion. [L. L. embroco, pour into a vessel.] EMBROCATION (em-bro-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of embrocating. 2. Lotion. EMBROIDER (em-broid'er), vt. [pr.p. EM- BROID'ERING; p.t. and p.p. EMBROIDERED (em-broid'erd).] 1. Ornament with designs in needlework. 2. Work ornaments in needle- work. [O. Fr. border, border.] EMBROIDERER (em-broid'er-er), n. One who embroiders. EMBROIDERY (em-broid'er-i), n. [pi. EM- BROIDERIES.] 1. Act, process, or art of embroid- ering. 2. Orna- mental needle- work on cloth, canvas, leather, etc. EMBROIL (em- broil'), vt. [pr.p, EMBROILING; p.t. and p.p. EM- BROILED (em- broild').] 1. In- volve in strife. 2. Entangle. [Fr. embrouiller — brouiller, trou- ble.] EMBR01L3IENT (em-broil'ment), w. l. State of Embroidery. complexity or confusion. 2. Disturbance; strife; contention. 3. Act of embi oiling or state of being embroiled. EMBRYO (em'bri-6), n. [pi. EMBRYOS.] 1. Young of an animal in its earliest stages of development. 2. Part of a seed which forms the future plant. 3. Beginning of anything. [Gr. embryon; from en, in, and bryo, swell.] EMBRYOLOGY (em-bri-ol'o-ji), n. Science which treats of the development of the embryo. EMBRYONIC (em-bri-on'ik), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an embryo; rudimentary. EMEER (e-mer'), n. Same as EMIR. EMEND (e-mend'), vt. [pr.p. EMEND 'ING; p.t. and p.p. EMEND'ED.] Correct or improve. [L. emendo; see AMEND.] EMENDATION (em-en-da'shun), n. Removal of an error or fault; correction. EMEND ATOR (em'en-da-tur), n. Corrector. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; u=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, EMENDATORY 441 EMPIRIC EMENDATORY (e-mend'a-to-ri), a. Mending or contributing to correction. EMERALD (em'er-ald), n. 1. Green precious stone, a variety of beryl. 2. Bright green color, like that of the gem. 3. Size of type intermediate between minion and nonpareil, not used in the U. S. [O. Fr. esmeralde — Gr. smaragdos.] EMERGE (e-merj'), vi. [pr.p. EMER'GING; p.t. and p.p. EMERGED (e-merjd').] 1. Rise out of anything. 2. Come forth from some covering or concealment. 3. Come to notice. [L. emergo; from e, out, and mergo, plunge.] EMERGENCE (e-mer'jens), n. 1. Act of emer- ging. 2. That which emerges. EMERGENCY (e-mer'jen-si), n. [pi. EMER'- GENCIES.] 1. Something not calculated upon. 2. Pressing necessitj^. EMERGENT (e-mer'jent), a. 1. Emerging. 2. Arising unexpectedly. 3. Urgent. EMERITUS (e-mer'i-tus), a. Discharged with honor. [L.] EMERSION (e-mer'shun), n. Act of emerging. EMERY (em'er- i), n. Very hard mineral, used for polish- ing, etc. — Em- ery wheel, em- ery-coated pol- ishing wheel. [O. Fr. emeril — Gr. smyris.] EMETIC (e-met'- ik), I. a. Caus- ing vomiting. II. n. Medicine that causes vomiting. [L. Emer y Wheel ' emeticus; from Gr. emetikos; from emeo, vomit.] EMIGRANT (em'i-grant), I. a. Emigrating or having emigrated. II. n. One who emi- grates. [L. emigrans, pr.p. of emigro, emi- grate.] EMIGRATE (em'i-grat), vi. [pr.p. EMIGRA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EMIGRATED.] Remove from one's native country to another. [L. emigratus, p.p. of emigro; from e, from, and migro, move.] EMIGRATION (em-i-gra'shun), n. 1. Act of emigrating. 2. Those who emigrate. EMINENCE (em'i-nens), EMINENCY (em'i- nen-si), n. 1. A part rising above the rest; a prominence. 2. Distinction; high rank; celebrity. 3. Title of honor applied to cardi- nals. [L. eminentia; from eminens, pr.p. of emineo, project.] EMINENT (em'i-nent), a. 1. Rising above others; prominent; distinguished; conspic- uous. 2. Paramount; as eminent domain. [L. eminens, see EMINENCE.] EMINENTLY (em'i-nent-li), adv. In an emi- nent manner or degree. EMIR (g'mir or e-mSr'), n. Turkish title given especially to descendants of Mohammed. [Ar. amir, ruler; see AMEER.] E3IISSARY (em'i-sa-ri), a. 1. That is sent forth or out. 2. Of or pertaining to an emissary or spy. [L. emissarius; from emissus, p.p. of emitto, send out.] EMISSARY (em'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. EM'ISSARIES.] One sent on a secret mission. EMISSION (e-mish'un), n. 1. Act of emitting. 2. That which is emitted. EMISSIVE (e-mis'iv), EMISSORY (e-mis'o-ri), a. Sending out; emitting. EMIT (e-mif), vt. [pr.p. EMIT'TING; p.U and p.p. EMIT'TED.] 1. Send out or forth; throw or give out; give vent to. 2. Issue by author- ity. [L. emitto; from e, out, and mitto, send.] EMMET (em'ct), n. Ant. [A. S. asmete.] EMOLLIENT (e-mol'yent), I. a. Softening; making supple. II. n. Med. Remedy used to soften the tissues. [L. emolliens y p.p. of emollio, soften.] E3IOLUMENT (e-mol'u-ment), n. 1. Remu- neration or profit arising from employment, as salary, fees and perquisites. 2. Advantage or profit in general. [L. emolumentum — e, out, and molior, labor — moles, weight.] EMOTION (e-mo'shun), n. 1. State of excited feeling; perturbation of mind. 2. [pi.] The rational sentiments or feelings, as pity, joy, terror, etc. [L. ; from e, out, and moveo, move.] EMOTIONAL (e-ino'shun-al), a. 1. Pertaining to emotion. 2. Liable to emotion. EMOTIONALISM (e-mo'shun-al-izm), n. Tend- ency to emotional excitement. E3IPEROR (em'per-ur), n. [fern. EM'PRESS.] One ruling an empire. [Fr. empereur — L. imperator, commander.] EMPHASIS (em'fa-sis), n. 1. Stress of the voice on particular words or syllables. 2. Impressiveness; force; weight of thought. [L. — Gr. en, in, and phaino, show.] EMPHASIZE (em'fa-siz), vt. [pr.p. EMPHA- SIZING; p.t. and p.p. EMPHASIZED (em'fa- sizd).] Make emphatic, obvious, or impres- sive. EMPHATIC (em-fat'ik), EMPHATICAL (em- fat'ik-al), a. Uttered with emphasis; forcible; impressive. [Gr. emphatikos; from en, in, and phaino, show.] EMPHATICALLY (em-fat'ik-al-i), adv. In an emphatic manner. EMPHYSEMA (em-fi-se'ma), n. Pathol. Dis- tension caused by air .or other gases. [Gr.] EMPIRE (em'pir), n. 1. Supreme dominion. 2. Aggregate of territories under the dominion of an emperor. 3. Territorial possession under imperial rule. [Fr. — L. imperium, com- mand.] EMPIRIC (em-pir'ik), I. a. Resting on exper- iment; known only by experience. II. n. 1. One who makes experiments. 2. One whose fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; nOte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cfe in Scotch loch. EMPIRICAL 442 ENCAMP > knowledge is gained from experience only; quack. [Gr. en, in, and pcira, trial.] EMPIRICAL (em-pir'ik-al), a. Empiric. EMPIRICALLY (em-pir'ik-al-i), adv. In an empirical manner; experimentally. EMPIRICISM (em-pir'i-sizm), n. 1. Phil. System which, rejecting all speculation and o priori knowledge, rests solely on experience and induction. 2. Dependence of a physician on his experience alone, without a regular medical education; quackery. EMPIRICIST (em-pir'i-sist), n. One who prac- tices empiricism. EMPLOY (em-ploiO, vt. [pr.p. EMPLOYING; p.t. and p.p. EMPLOYED (em-ploid').] 1. Give occupation to. 2. Occupy the time or attention of. 3. Use. [Fr. employer.] EMPLOY (em-ploi'), n. State of being employed; service. EMPLOYE (em-ploi-e'; Fr. ang-plwa-ya'), n. One who is employed; employee. [Fr.] EMPLOYEE ( em-ploi-e'), n. Person employed by, or engaged in the service of, another. EMPLOYER (em-ploi'er), n. One who employs. EMPLOYMENT (em-ploi'ment), n. 1. Act of employing. 2. State of being employed. 3. Occupation. EMPORIUM (em-pd'ri-um), n. Place of trade; great mart. [Gr. en, in, and poros, way.] EMPOWER (em-pow'er), vt. [pr.p. EMPOW- ERING; p.t. and p.p. EMPOWERED (em-pow'- erd).] Give power to. EMPRESS (em'pres), n. Feminine of EMPEROR. EMPRESSE3IENT (ang-pres'mang), n. Fervor; insistency. [Fr.] EMPTLNESS (emp'ti-nes), n. State of being empty; want of substance; unsatisfactoriness. EMPTY (emp'ti), a. [comp. EMPTIER; superl. EMP'TIEST.] 1. Having nothing within. 2. Without effect; unsatisfactory. 3. Wanting substance. [A. S. cemtig.] EMPTY (emp'ti), n. [pi. EMP'TIES.] Empty vessel, box, crate, car, etc. EMPTY (emp'ti), v. [pr.p. EMP'TYIXG; p.t. and p.p. EMPTIED (emp'tid).] I. vt. 1. Remove or discharge the contents from. 2. Pour out or forth. II. vi. 1. Become empty. 2. Dis- charge or pour out the contents. EMPTYINGS (emp'ti-inzg), n.pl. Lees of beer, etc., used as yeast. EMPYREAL (em-pir'e- al), a. 1. Pertaining to the empyrean. 2. Formed of pure fire or light. [Gr. en, in, and pyr, fire.] EMPYREAN (em-pi-re'- an),n. Highestheaven. EMU, EMEU (e'mu), n. Large Australian bird, allied to the casso- wary and ostrich. [Pg. ema, ostrich. E3IULATE(em'u-lat),trt. [pr.p. EM'ULATING; Emu (Dromceus novoe- hollandioe). p.t. and p.p. EMULATED.] 1. Strive to equal or excel; rival. 2. Imitate, with a view to equal or surpass. [L. mulo, wmuleeatus; from cemulus, striving to equal.] EMULATION (em-u-la'shun), n. Act of emu- lating. EMULATIVE (em'u-la-tiv), o. Inclined to em- ulation. EMULATOR (em'u-la-tur), n. One who em- ulates. EMULOUS (em'u-lus), a. 1. Desirous of like excellence with another. 2. Engaged in com- petition or rivalry. EMULOUSLY (em'u-lus-li), adv. In an emulous manner. EMULSIFY (e-mul'si-fl), vt. [pr.p. EMUL'SI- FYING; p.t. and p.p. EMULSIFIED (e-mul'si- fid).] Make an emulsion of. EMULSION (e-mul'shun), n. 1. Mixture of liquids where one is insolubly suspended in the other, as butter in milk. 2. Mixture where solid parts are insolubly suspended in a liquid. [Fr. — L. e, out, and mulgeo, milk.] EMULSIVE (e-mul'siv), a. 1. Softening. 2. Yielding oil by pressure. 3. Yielding a milk- like substance. EMUNCTORY (e-mungk'to-ri), n. Organ of the body serving to carry off waste; excretory duct. [L. e, out, and mungo, blow the nose.] EN-, prefix. Represents the Greek en, or the Latin in, both signifying putting in, changing to, etc. ENABLE (en-a'bl), vt. [pr.p. ENA'BLING; p.t. and p.p. ENABLED (en-a'bld).] Make able. ENACT (en-akf), vt. [pr.p. ENACT 'EVG; p.t. and p.p. ENACTED.] 1. Perform. 2. Act the part of. 3. Establish as a law. ENACT3IENT (en-akt'ment), n. 1. Passing of a bill into law. 2. That which is enacted. ENALLAGE (en-al'a-je), n. Gram. Substitu- tion of one case, mood, tense or part of speech for another, as you for thou. [Gr., from alios, another.] ENAMEL (en-am'el), n. Substance like glass, serving as a smooth, hard coating. [From root of MELT.] ENAMEL (en-am'el), vt. [pr.p. ENAMELING; p.t. and p.p. ENAMELED (en-am'eld).] 1. Coat with or paint in enamel. 2. Form a glossy surface upon, like enamel. ENAMELER (en-am'el-er), n. One who enamels. ENAMOR, ENAMOUR (en-am'ur), vt. [pr.p. ENAM'ORING; p.t. and p.p. ENAMORED (en-am'urd).] Inflame with love; charm. [L. in, in, and amor, love; from amo, love.] ENASCENT (e-nas'ent), a. Nascent; incipient. EN ATE (e'nat), a. Growing out. EN BLOC (ang blok). In a lump; as a whole. [Fr.] ENCAGE (en-kaj'), vt. [pr.p. ENCA'GING; p.t. and p.p. ENCAGED (en-kajd').] Shut up in a cage. ENCAMP (en-kamp'), v. [pr.p. ENCAMP'ING; fate, fat, task, far. fall. fare, above; me, met. her: mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. ENCAMPMENT 443 ENCROACH p.t. and p.p. ENCAMPED (en-kampt').] I. vt. Form into a camp. II. vi. Pitch tents. ENCAMPMENT (en-kamp'ment), n. 1. Act of encamping. 2. Place where an army or com- pany is encamped; a camp. 3. In United States, meeting of veterans or certain fraternal organizations. ENCASE (en-kas'), vt. [pr.p. ENCA'SING; p.t. and p.p. ENCASED (en-kast').] Same as IN- CASE. ENCAUSTIC (en-kas'tik), n. Method of paint- ing with pigments containing wax. [Gr. en, in, and kaio, burn.] ENCEINTE (ang-sangt'), I. a. Pregnant. II. n. Fortified inclosure, or wall surrounding it. [Fr. ] ENCEPHALIC (en-sef-al'ik), a. Belonging to the encephalon or brain. ENCEPHALON (en-sef'a-lon), n. [pi. EN- CEPH'ALA.] Anat. The brain. [Gr. en, in, and kephale, head.] ENCEPHALOUS (en-sef'a-lus), a. Having a head. ENCHAIN (en-chan'), vt. [pr.p. ENCHAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENCHAINED (en-chand').] 1. Put in chains ; hold fast. 2. Link together. ENCHANT ( en-chant'), vt.[pr.p. ENCHANTING; p.t. and p.p. ENCHANT'ED.] 1. Act on by sorcery. 2. Charm; delight in a high degree. [Fr. enchanter — L. in, in, and canto, sing. ] STN. Charm; entrance; fascinate; rav- ish; bewitch; enamor. ANT. Disenchant; repel; disgust; horrify. ENCHANTER (en-chant'er), n. [/em. EN- CHANT'RESS.] One who enchants; magician. ENCHANTMENT (en-chant'ment), n. 1. Act of enchanting. 2. That which enchants; illusive charm. 3. State of being enchanted. ENCHANTRESS (en-chant'res), n. 1. Sorceress. 2. Bewitching woman. ENCHASE (en-chas'), vt. [pr.p. ENCHA'SING; p.t. and p.p. ENCHASED (en-chast').] 1. Set with jewels. 2. Engrave. 3. Adorn with raised or embossed work. [See CHASE.] ENCHORIAL (en-ko'ri-al), ENCHORIC (en- ko'rik), a. 1. Belonging to or used in a country. 2. Used by the people, noting es- pecially the written characters used by the common people in Egypt as opposed to the hieroglyphics. [Gr. en, in, and cJiora, country.] ENCHYMA (en'ki-ma), n. Biol. Juice from which tissues are formed. [Gr.; from en, in, and cJiyma, fluid.] ENCIRCLE (en-ser'kl), vt. [pr.p. ENCIR'CLING; p.t. and p.p. ENCIRCLED (en-ser'kld).] 1. Inclose in a circle; embrace. 2. Pass around. ENCLITIC (en-klit'ik), I. a. That inclines or leans upon. II. n. Gram. Word or particle which is joined to the end of another word. [Gr. en, on, and klino, lean.] ENCLOSE (en-kloz'), vt. [pr.p. ENCLOSING; p.t. and p.p. ENCLOSED (en-klozd').] 1. Close or shut in; confine; imprison. 2. Surround. 3. Put in a case, as a letter in an envelope. 4. Fence, used of waste or common land. See INCLOSE, the commonly preferred form of the word. [O. Fr. enclos; from L. includo, inclusus, shut in.] ENCLOSURE (en-klo'zhur), n. 1. Act of en- closing. 2. State of being enclosed. 3. That which is enclosed. 4. That which encloses* See INCLOSURE. ENCOMIAST (en-ko'mi-ast), n. Praiser. ENCOMIUM (en-ko'mi-um), n. [pi. ENCO'- MIUMS.] High praise. [Gr. enkOmion, song of praise; en, in, and kdmos, festivity.] ENCOMPASS (en-kum'pas), vt. [pr.p. ENCOM'- PASSING; p.t. and p.p. ENCOMPASSED (en- kum/past).] Inclose or surround. SYN. Surround; environ; encircle; In- vest; beset. ENCOMPASSMENT (en-kum'pas-ment), ». Act of encompassing or state of being encom- passed. EN-CO QUILLE (ang-ko-kel'), a. In the shell; term applied in cookery to boiled eggs served in the shell. [Fr.] ENCORE (ang-k6r'), I. adv. Again; once more. II. n. Call for a repetition or for a reappear- ance, as by applauding a part of a play or a performance. [Fr.] ENCORE (ang-kor'), v. [pr.p. ENCOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENCORED (ang-kdrd').] I. vt. To call for a reappearance or repetition of, as of a performer or a part in a play by applause. II. vi. Applaud loudly and heartily. ENCOUNTER (en-kown'ter), vt. [pr.p. EN- COUNTERING; p.t. and p.p. ENCOUN- TERED (en-kown'terd).l 1. Meet face to face, especially unexpectedly. 2. Meet in contest; assail. 3. Experience. [O. Fr. encoutrer; from L. in, in, and contra, against.] SYN. Meet; confront; face; withstand. ANT. Elude; avoid; escape; miss; shun. ENCOUNTER (en-kown'ter), n. 1. A meeting unexpectedly. 2. Hostile meeting; fight. ENCOURAGE (en-kur'aj), vt. [pr.p. ENCOUR'- AGING; p.t. and p.p. ENCOURAGED (en- kur'ajd).] 1. Cheer on; embolden. 2. In- cite. 3. Help forward; promote; advance. [O. Fr. encoragier; from en, make, and corage, courage.] SYN. Embolden; rally; reassure; ani- mate; inspirit; prompt; abet; instigate; forward. ANT. Discourage; dispirit; deter. ENCOURAGEMENT (en-kur'aj-ment), n. 1. Act of encouraging. 2. That which en- courages. ENCOURAGING (en-kur'a-jing), a. Giving ground to hope for success; tending to give courage or confidence. ENCROACH (en-kroch'), vi. [pr.p. ENCROACH'- ING;p.t. andp.p. ENCROACHED (en-krocht').J Seize on the rights of others; intrude; tres- pass. [Fr. en, in, and croc, hook.] SYN. Invade; trespass; infringe; trench; intrude. ANT. Respect; observe; recognize. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, \i—u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. ENCROACHMENT 444 ENDOWMENT > ENCROACHMENT (en-kroch'ment), n. 1. Act of encroaching. 2. That which is taken by encroaching. ENCUMBER (en-kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. ENCTJM'- BEBING; p.t. and p.p. ENCUMBERED (en- kum'berd).] 1. Impede the action of; em- barrass. 2. Load with debts. [Fr. encombrer. See CUMBER.] ENCUMBRANCE (en-kum'brans), n. 1. That which encumbers. 2. Legal claim on an estate. 3. One dependent on another. ENCYCLIC (en-sik'lik), ENCYCLICAL (en-sik'- lik-al), I. a. Sent round to many persons or places ; general. II. n. Encyclic letter. [Gr. en, in, and kyklos, circle.] ENCYCLOPEDIA, ENCYCLOPAEDIA (en-si- klo-pe'di-a), n. Collection of the principles, principal facts, and discoveries in all branches of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, and arranged in an alphabetical order; cyclopedia. [Gr. engkyklopaideia — engkyklios, circular, and paideia, instruction.] ENCYCLOPEDIC (en-si-klo-pe'dik), a. Per- taining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia. ENCYST (en-sisf), v. [pr.p. ENCYST'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENCYST'ED.] I. vt. Inclose in a cyst. II. vi. Become inclosed in a cyst. ENCYSTED (en-sist'ed), a. Inclosed in a cyst. ENCYSTMENT (en-sist'ment), n. 1. Act of en- cysting. 2. State of being encysted. 3. Biol. Process by which internal parasites or infuso- rlans become inclosed in bags. END (end), n. 1. Last point or portion; ter- mination; close. 2. Death. 3. Object aimed at. 4. Remnant. [A. S. ende.] END (end), v. [pr.p. ENDING; p.t. and p.p. END 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Bring to an end; terminate; finish. 2. Make an end of; put to death; destroy. 3. Form or fit an end to. II. vi. Be finished; terminate; come to a close. ENDANGER (en-dan'Jer), vt. [pr.p. ENDAN'- GERING; p.t. and p.p. ENDANGERED (en- dan'jerd).] Place in danger. ENDEAR (en-der'), vt. [pr.p. ENDEARING; p.t. and p.p. ENDEARED (en-derd').] Make dear or more dear. ENDEARMENT (en-der'ment), n. 1. Act of en- dearing. 2. Caress. ENDEAVOR (en-dev'iir), v. [pr.p. ENDEAVOR- ING; p.t. and p.p. ENDEAVORED (en-dev'- fird).] I. vt. Seek to effect; attempt; try. II. vi. Strive or work for a certain end; struggle. [Fr. en, in (with force of "to do"), and devoir, duty.] SYN. Essay; undertake; seek. ANT. Abandon; drop; quit; neglect; omit. ENDEAVOR (en-dev'ur), n. An exertion of power towards some object; attempt or trial. SYN. Effort; essay; exertion. ANT. In- activity; neglect; ease. ENDEAVORER (en-dev'ur-gr), n. One who strives or exerts himself to a certain end. ENDEMIC (en-dem'ik), I. a. Peculiar to a peo- ple or district, as a disease or a plant. II. n» Disease of an endemic character. [Gr. en, in, and demos, people, district.] ENDING (end'ing), n. 1. Act of coming to an end; termination; conclusion. 2. That which is at an end. 3. Final part; extremity; end. 4. Gram. Terminating syllable or letter of a word. ENDIVE (en'dlv or en'div), «. Herb used for salad. [Fr. — L. Intibus.] ENDLESS (end'les), a. 1. Without end in time; everlasting. 2. Without end in space; un- limited; boundless. 3. Without a terminal point, as an endless chain. 4. Objectless; purposeless; fruitless. 5. Without ceasing; incessant. SYN. Interminable; illimitable; eternal; infinite; perpetual; continuous. ANT. Ter- minable; limited; temporary; finite; pe- riodic. ENDLESSLY (end'les-li), adv. In an endless manner. ENDLONG (end'lang), adv. Lengthwise; along. ENDMOST (end'mSst), a. Farthest; remotest. ENDOCARDIUM (en-do-kar'di-um), n. Lining membrane of the heart. [Gr. endon, within, and kardia, heart.] ENDOCARP (en'do-karp), n. Inner layer of a ripe ovary, as the stony shell of a cherry seed. [Gr.] ENDO CHROME (en'do-krdm), n. The coloring matter of plants other than green. ENDODERM (en'do-derm), n. Inner layer of the skin. [Gr.] ENDOGEN (en'do-Jen), w. Plant that grows from within, or by additions to the inside of the stem, as the palm, grasses, etc. [Gr, endon, within, and gene's, born.] ENDOGENOUS (en-doj'en-us), a. Increasing by internal growth. ENDOPLEURA (en-do-plo'ra), n. BoU Mem- brane for the seed of a plant, the innermost when there are three. [Gr. endon, within, and pleura, side.] ENDORM (en-darm'), vt. [pr.p. ENDORM'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENDORMED (en-darmd').] Hyp- notize. [Fr. endormir; from L. in, in, and dormio, sleep.] ENDORSE (en-dars'), vt. [pr.p. ENDORSING; p.t. and p.p. ENDORSED (en-darst').] 1. Write on the back of. 2. Assign by writing on the back of. 3. Give one's sanction to. 4. Lay on the back; load. See INDORSE, the com- monly preferred form of the word. ENDOSPERM (en'do-spgrm), n. Bot. Albumen of a seed. [Gr. endon, within, and sperma, seed.] ENDOW (en-dow'), vt. [pr.p. ENDOWING; p.t. and p.p. ENDOWED (en-dowd').] 1. Give a dowry to; settle an income on. 3. Enrich. [O. Fr. endouerJ] ENDOWMENT (en-dow'ment), n. 1. Act of endowing. 2. That which is settled on a per- son or institution. 3. Gift; talent. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=W in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/uxx, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ENDUE 445 ENGINEER ENDUE (en-du'), vt. [pr.p. ENDUING? p.t. and p.p. ENDUED (en-dud').] Invest or clothe; indue. [O. Fr. enduire.] ENDURABLE (en-dur'a-bl), a. That can he en- dured or borne. ENDURANCE (en-dur'ans), n. 1. State of en- during or hearing. 2. Continuance. 3. Suffer- ing patiently without sinking; patience. ENDURE (en-dur'), v. [pr.p. ENDUR'ING; p.U and p.p. ENDURED (en-durd').] I. vt. 1. Remain firm under. 2. Tolerate. II. vi. 1. Remain firm. 2. Last. [Fr. — L. duro, last.] SYN. Withstand; hear; suffer; allow; brook; continue; remain; hold; abide; live. ANT. Fail; falter; sink; succumb; disallow; prohibit. ENDWAYS (end'waz), ENDWISE (end'wiz), adv. 1. On end; upright. 2. With the end forward. ENEMA (e-nS'ma or en'e-ma), n. Injection. [Gr. en, in, and hiemi, send.] ENEMY (en'e-mi), n. [pi. EN'EMIES.] Antag- onist; foe. [O. Fr. enemi — L. inimicus.] ENERGETIC (en-er-jet'ik), ENERGETICAL (en- er-jet'ik-al), a. Showing energy; active. SYN. Strenuous; forcible; effective; lively; potent; powerful; live. ANT. Weak; ineffective; inert; sluggish; inactive. ENERGIZE (en'er-jiz), v. [pr.p. EN'ERGIZING; p.t. and p.p. ENERGIZED (en'er-jizd).] I. vi. Act with vigor. II. vt. Give energy to. ENERGY (en'er-jl), n. [pi. EN'ERGIES.] 1. Inherent power; power of operating. 2. Force of expression. [Gr. en, in, and ergon, work.] SYN. Efficiency; potency; capacity; spirit; resolution; determination; might; vigor; emphasis. ANT. Inertia; inertness; impotence. ENERVATE (en'er-vat or e-ner'vat), vt. [pr.p. EN'ERVATING; p.t. and p.p. ENERVATED.] Deprive of strength, or courage. SYN. Weaken; enfeeble; debilitate. ANT. Strengthen; brace; nerve; invigorate. ENERVATION (en-er-va/shun), n. Act of en- ervating or state of being enervated. ENFEEBLE (en-fS'bl), vt. [pr.p. ENFEE'BLING; p.t. and p.p. ENFEEBLED (en-fe'bld).] Make feeble; weaken. SYN. See ENERVATE. ENFEEBLEMENT (en-fe'bl-ment), n. Enerva- tion. ENFEOFF (en-fef), vt. [pr.p. ENFEOFFING; p.t. and p.p. ENFEOFFED (en-feft').] Law. Invest with a possession in fee. [O. Fr. en- feffer; from en, in, and fief, fee.] ENFILADE (en-fl-lad'), n. Mil. 1. A fire that rakes a line of troops, etc., from end to end. 2. Position exposed to a raking fire. [Fr.; from en filer, thread.] ENFILADE ( en-fl-lad'), vt. [pr.p. ENFILA'DING; p.t. and p.p. ENFILA'DED.] Rake with shot or missiles through the whole length of a line of, or be in a position to do so. ENFORCE (en-fors'), vt. [pr.p. ENFORCING; p.t. and p.p. ENFORCED (en-fdrst').] 1. Ex- ecute vigorously. 2. Gain by force. 3. Give force to. [O. Fr. enforcer; from en, in, and force, force.] ENFORCEMENT (en-fdrs'ment), n. 1. Act of en- forcing; compulsion. 2. That which enforces. 3. State of being enforced. ENFRANCHISE (en-fran'chlz), vt. [pr.p. EN- FRANCHISING; p.t. and p.p. ENFRAN- CHISED (en-fran'chizd).] 1. Set free. 2. Give the franchise to, especially the right to vote. [EN- and FRANCHISE.] ENFRANCHISEMENT (en-fran'chiz-ment), n. Act of enfranchising or state of being en- franchised. ENGAGE (en-gaj'), v. [pr.p. ENGA'GING; p.t. and p.p. ENGAGED (en-gajd').] I. vt. 1. Bind by a gage or pledge. 2. Employ; hire; enlist. 3. Gain over; win. 4. Occupy the attention of. 5. Enter into conflict with; encounter. 6. Mech. Interlock. II. vi. 1. Pledge one's word. 2. Become bound. 3. Take part. 4. Enter into conflict. 5. Be- come interlocked; mesh. [Fr. engager; from en gage, in pledge.] ENGAGED (en-gajd'), a. 1. Betrothed. 2. Occupied. 3. Arch. Partly built or sunk into, or so appearing. 4. Geared together; inter- locked. ENGAGEMENT (en-gaj'ment), n. 1. Act of engaging. 2. State of being engaged. 3. That which engages; promise; employment; fight. ENGAGING (en-ga'jing), a. Winning; attract- ive. ENGENDER (en-jen'der), v. [pr.p. ENGEN- DERING; p.t. and p.p. ENGENDERED (en- Jen'derd).] I. vt. Cause to exist; originate; breed; produce. II. vi. Be caused or pro- duced; come into existence. [Fr. engender; from L. ingenero, generate.] ENGINE (en'jin), n. 1. Machine Intended to produce some effect by help of the mechanical powers, as a steam-engine, Are-engine, gas-engine. 2. Anything used to effect a purpose; instrument; means; tool. [Fr. engin; from L. ingenium, skill.] ENGINEER (en-ji-ner'), n. 1. Engine-driver or manager. 2. Mil. One who directs military works. 3. Mana- ger. — Agricultural engineer, one who superintends the re- claiming of arid or swamp lands for agricul- tural purposes. — Civil engineer, one who superintends the construction of public works. ENGINEER (en-jl-ner'), v. [pr.p. ENGINEER'- ING; p.t. and p.p. ENGINEERED (en-ji-nerd').8 1. vt. 1. Superintend or control as engineer. 2. Manage or carry through, as by skill of an engineer. II. vi. Act as an engineer. Vertical Engine. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, bh=ch in Scotch loch. ENGINEERING 446 ENLIGHTEN > ENGEVEERING (en-ji-ner'ing), «. 1. Business of an engineer, mechanical, civil, or military. 2. Skillful management. ENGINERY (en'jin-ri), n. 1. Art or business of managing engines. 2. Engines collectively. 3. Artful scheme or contrivance. ENGIRD (en-gerd), vt. [pr.p. ENGIRD'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENGIRD'ED or ENGIRT (en- gert').] Encircle; surround. ENGIRDLE (en-ger'dl), vt. [pr.p. ENGIR'DLING; p.U and p.p. ENGIRDLED (en-ger'dld).] Surround with a girdle; girdle. ENGLAND (ing'gland), n. Forms, with Wales, the south and larger part of Island of Great Britain. ENGLISH (ing'glish), I. a. Of, derived from, or belonging to, England or its inhabitants. II. n. 1. Language, or the people of, the English race. 2. Print. Size of type between pica and great primer. See TYPE. [A. S. Englisc — Engle, the Angles who settled in Britain.] English (ing'glish), vt. [pr.p. eng'lishing; p.U and p.p. ENGLISHED (ing'glisht).] 1. Translate into English. 2. Make English; Anglicize. ENGLISH CHANNEL. Sea between France and England. Englishman (ing'giish-man), n. [pi. eng'- LISHMEN.] 1. Native or naturalized inhabitant of England. 2. Man of the English race who preserves his distinc- tive racial character, wherever he resides. ENGORGE (en-garj'), vt. [pr.p.ENGORG'ING;p.f. and p.p. ENGORGED (en-garjd').] 1. Gorge; glut. 2. Devour. ENGORGEMENT (en- gar j'ment), n. 1. Act of engorging. 2. Pathol. An obstruction of an organ, passage, or tissue; congestion. ENGRAVE (en-grav'), vt. [pr.p. ENGRAVING; p.U and p.p. ENGRAVED (en-gravd).] 1. Cut out in wood, steel, etc. (figures, letters, pictures or devices) with a graver. 2. Imprint; impress deeply. [EN- and GRAVE.] ENGRAVER (en-gra'ver), n. One who engraves. ENGRAVING (en-gra'ving), n. 1. Act or art of William Shakespeare English dramatist and poet. Born 1564, died, 1616. Wood engraving. cutting or incising designs on metal, wood, etc., for the purpose of printing impressions in ink on paper, or other similar substance. 2. Impression or print taken or printed from an engraved plate. See cuts under ETCHING, HALFTONE and SCREEN. ENGROSS (en-gros'), vt. [pr.p. ENGROSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENGROSSED (en-grost').] 1. Occupy wholly; monopolize. 2. Make a fair copy of; copy or write in a bold hand. [Fr. en gros, in large.] ENGROSSMENT (en-gros'ment), n. 1. Act of engrossing. 2. That which is engrossed. ENGROSSER (en-gros'er), n. One who engrosses. ENGULF (en-gulf), vt. [pr.p. ENGULFING; p.t. and p.p. ENGULFED (en-gulft').] Swal- low up; absorb. ENHANCE (en-nans'), vt. [pr.p. ENHAN'CING; p.t. and p.p. ENHANCED (en-hanst').] Raise; heighten; increase; aggravate. [O. Fr. ew, in, and haucer, raise.] SYN. Improve; swell; augment. ANT. Lessen; deteriorate; shrink. ENHANCEMENT (en-hans'ment), n. Act of enhancing or state of being enhanced; ad- vance; increase. ENIG3IA (e-nig'ma), n. Hidden meaning to be guessed; riddle. [Gr. ainos, tale.] ENIGMATIC (e-nig-mat'ik), ENIGMATICAL (e-nig-mat'ik-al), a. Obscure; puzzling. ENIGMATIZE (e-nig'ma-tiz), vi. [pr.p. ENIG'- MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ENIGMATIZED (e-nig'ma-tizd).] Speak or write in an enig- matic manner. ENJOIN (en-join'), vt. [pr.p. ENJOIN'ING; p.U and p.p. ENJOINED (en-joind').] Lay upon, as an order or injunction; direct with author- ity. [Fr. enjoindre — L. injungo.] ENJOY (en-joi), vt. [pr.p. ENJOYING; p.t. and p.p. ENJOYED (en-joid').] 1. Delight in. 2. Possess or use with joy. [O. Fr. enjoir, en- joy.] SYN. Like; relish; possess. ANT. Dis- like; disrelish; loathe. ENJOYABLE (en-joi'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being enjoyed. 2. Giving enjoyment. ENJOY3IENT (en-joi'ment), n. Act or condition of enjoying; pleasure. 2. Satisfactory posses- sion or use of anything. ENKINDLE (en-kin'dl), vt. [pr.p. ENKIN'DLING; p.t. and p.p. ENKINDLED (en-kin 'did).] Kin- dle; enflame. ENLARGE (en-larj'), v. [pr.p. ENLAR'GING; p.t. and p.p. ENLARGED (en-larjd').] 1. Make larger in size, quantity or bulk. 2. Cause to appear larger; magnify. 3. Expand or extend; amplify. [EN- and LARGE.] SYN. Dilate; increase. ANT. Lessen; curtail; diminish. ENLARGE3IENT (en-lar j'ment), n. 1. Act of enlarging. 2. State of being enlarged. 3. In- crease; extension. 4. Diffuseness of speech or writing. 5. Setting at large; release. ENLIGHTEN (en-lit'n), vt. [pr.p. ENLIGHTEN- ING; p.t. and p.p. ENLIGHTENED (en-lit 'nd).] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, ner; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, " ti=tt in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kli=c/i in Scotch loch. ENLIGHTENMENT 447 ENSURE 1. Shed light on; make clear to the mind. 2. Impart knowledge to. ENLIGHTENMENT (en-lit'n-ment), n. Act of enlightening or state of being enlightened. ENLIGHTENER (en-lit'n-er), n. One who or that which enlightens. ENLIST ( en-list'), v. [pr.p. ENLIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENLIST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Enroll. 2. Engage for military service. 3. Employ in advancing an object. II. vi. 1. Engage voluntarily in military service. 2. Enter heartily into a cause. ENLISTMENT (en-list'ment), n. Act of enlisting or state of being enlisted. ENLIVEN (en-li'vn), vt. [pr.p. ENLI'VENING; p.t. and p.p. ENLIVENED (en-li'vnd).] Put life into; make active or cheerful; animate. SYN. Encourage; rouse; quicken; excite; inspirit. ANT. Repress; weary; deaden. ENLIVENER (en-li'vn-er), n. One who or that which enlivens. ENLIVEN3IENT (en-11'vn-ment), n. Act of enlivening or state of being enlivened. ENMITY (en'mi-ti), n. [pi. EN'MITIES.] Quality of being an enemy; unfriendliness; ill-will; hostility. [O. Fr. enemistie; from L. Inimicus. See ENEMY.] SYN. Animosity; opposition; acrimony; asperity; discord. ANT. Friendship; love; esteem; affection; friendliness; cordiality. ENNOBLE (en-no'bl), vt. [pr.p. ENNO'BLING; p.t. and p.p. ENNOBLED (en-no'bld).] 1. Make noble; elevate. 2. Raise to nobility. ENNOBLEMENT (en-nS'bl-ment), n. 1. Act of making noble. 2. That which ennobles. ENNUI (ang-we')» n. Weariness; disgust from satiety, etc. [Fr. See ANNOY.] ENORMITY(e-nar'mi-ti),n. [pi. ENOR'MITIES. ] 1. State or quality of being enormous. 2. That which is enormous. 3. Great crime. ENORMOUS (e-nar'mus), a. 1. Extremely large. 2. Atrocious. [L. e, out of, and norma, rule.] SYN. Excessive; huge; immoderate; in- ordinate; abnormal; monstrous; immense; prodigious. ANT. Diminutive; insignificant; trivial; ordinary. ENORMOUSLY (e-nar'mus-li), adv. In an enormous manner or degree. ENORMOUSNESS (e-nar'mus-nes), n. Quality or state of being enormous. ENOUGH (e-nuf), I. a. Sufficient. II. adv. Sufficiently. III. n. As much as satisfies de- sire or want; sufficiency. [A. S. genog.] ENQUIRE (en-kwir'), vi. Same as INQUIRE. ENQUIRER (en-kwir'er), n. Same as IN- QUIRER. ENQUIRY (en-kwir'i), n. Same as INQUIRY. ENRAGE (en-raj'), vt. [pr.p. ENRAGING; p.t. and p.p. ENRAGED (en-rajd').] Make angry. SYN. Provoke; madden; anger; incense; exasperate; infuriate. ANT. Soothe; con- ciliate; pacify; mollify; allay; quiet. ENRAPTURE (en-rap'tur), vt. [pr.p. ENRAP'- TURING; p.t. and p.p. ENRAPTURED (en- rap 'turd).] Put in rapture; transport with pleasure. ENRICH (en-rich'), vt. [pr.p. ENRICH 'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENRICHED (en-richt').] 1. Make rich. 2. Fertilize. 3. Adorn. ENRICHMENT (en-rich'ment), n. 1. Act of en- riching. 2. That which enriches. ENROLL, ENROL (en-rol), vt. [pr.p. ENROLL'- ING; p.t. and p.p. ENROLLED (en-rold').] Insert in a roll or register; enlist; record; leave in writing. [O. Fr. enroller — en, in, and rolle, roll, register.] ENROLLER (en-rol'er), n. One who or that which enrolls. ENROLLMENT (en-rol'ment), n. 1. Act of en- rolling. 2. That which is enrolled; record. EN ROUTE (ang rot). On the road or way. [Fr.] ENSANGUINE (en-sang'gwin), vt. [pr.p. EN- SANGUINING; p.t. and p.p. ENSAN- GUINED (en-sang'gwind).] Stain or cover with blood. ENSCONCE (en-skons'), vt. [pr.p. ENSCON'- CING; p.t. and p.p. ENSCONCED (en-skonst').] 1. Cover or protect as with a sconce or earth- work. 2. Settle, shelter, or hide; usually reflexive, as ensconce one's self behind some- thing. ENSEMBLE (ang-sang'bl), n. 1. All the parts of a thing viewed as a whole. 2. Music. The working together of several performers.^*— Tout ensemble, general appearance or effect. [Fr.] ENSHRINE (en-shrin'), vt. [pr.p. ENSHRI'NING; p.t. and p.p. ENSHRINED (en-shrind').] In- close in or as in a shrine; preserve with affec- tion. ENSHROUD (en-shrowd'), vt. [pr.p. EN- SHROUD'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENSHROUD'ED.] Cover with a shroud; cover up. ENSIFORM (en'si-farm), a. Shaped like a sword. [L. ensis, sword.] ENSIGN (en'sin), n. 1. Special flag distinguish- ing a nation, a regiment, etc. 2. Junior subaltern rank of commissioned officers in the United States Navy. [Fr. enseigne — L. in, on, and signum, mark.] ENSILAGE (en'si-laj), n. Mode of storing green fodder, vegetables, etc., in pits (silos), tanks, etc. [Fr. — Sp. silo, pit.] ENSILAGE (en'si-laj), vt. [pr.p. EN'SILAGING; p.t. and p.p. ENSILAGED (en'si-lajd).] Store by ensilage. ENSLAVE (en-slav'), vt. [pr.p. ENSLA'VING; p.t. and p.p. ENSLAVED (en-slavd').] Make a slave of; subject to the influence of. ENSNARE, vt. See INSNARE. ENSUE (en-su'), vi. [pr.p. ENSU'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENSUED (en-sud').] Follow; succeed; re- sult from. [O. Fr. ensuir — L. in, and sequor, follow.] ENSURE (en-shor'), vt. Same as INSURE. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, bum, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl. W-en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ENTABLATURE 448 ENTOMBMENT Entablature. [Fr. en, into, and ► ENTABLATURE ( en-tab 'la-tur),». Arch. That part of an order which lies above the abacus of the column. [L. tabula, board.] ENTAIL (en-tal'), vt. [pr.p. ENTAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENTAILED (en-tald').] 1. Cut off (an estate) from the heirs-general, and settle it on a particular heir or series of heirs. 2. Bring on as an inevitable consequence. tailler, cut.] ENTAIL (en-talO, n. 1. Estate entailed. 2. Rule of descent of an estate. ENTAILMENT (en-tal'ment), n. Act of entail- ing or state of being entailed. ENTANGLE (en-tang'gl), vt. [pr.p. ENTAN'- GLING; p.t. and p.p. ENTANGLED (en-tang'- gld).] 1. Twist so as not to be easily separa- ted. 2. Involve in complications; perplex; insnare. ENTANGLEMENT (en-tang'gl-ment), n. Act of entangling or state of being entangled. ENTENTE (ang-tangf), n. An understanding. [Fr.] ENTER (en'tgr), v. [pr.p. EN'TERING; p.t. and p.p. ENTERED (en'terd).] I. vt. 1. Go or come into. 2. Penetrate. 3. Engage in. 4. Form a part of. 5. Become a member of. 6. Enroll; register; list. II. vi. 1. Pass in or Inside. 2. Be admitted. 3. Appear on the scene. [Fr. entrer; from L. Intro, go into.] ENTERIC (en-ter'ik), a. Belonging to the in- testines. [Gr. enterikos; from enteron, intestine.] ENTERITIS (en-ter-i'tis), n. Inflammation of the intestines. ENTERPRISE (en'ter-priz), n. 1. Undertaking. 2. Adventure. 3. Bold spirit. ENTERPRISING (en'ter-pri-zing), a. Bold in undertaking; adventurous; aggressive. ENTERTAIN (en-t6r-tan')» vt. [pr.p. ENTER- TAINING; p.t. and p.p. ENTERTAINED (en-t6r-tand').] 1. Receive and treat hos- pitably. 2. Hold the attention of and amuse. 3. Receive and take into consideration. 4. Keep or hold in the mind. [Fr. intrctenir; from L. inter, among, and teneo, hold.] SYN. Harbor; maintain; conceive; foster; receive; recreate; amuse. ANT. Eject; ex- clude; weary; bore; tire. ENTERTAINER (en-ter-tan'er), n. One who entertains. ENTERTAINING (en-t5r-tan'ing), a. Affording entertainment; amusing. ENTERTAININGLY (en-t6r-tan'ing-li), adv. In an entertaining manner. ENTERTAINMENT (en-ter-tan'ment), n. 1. Act of entertaining. 2. That which enter- tains. 3. Social; amusement. ENTHELMINTHA (en-thel-min'tha), n.pl. In- testinal worms. [Gr. entos, within, and helmlnsy worms.] ENTHRALL (en-thral'), vt. [pr.p. ENTHRALL- ING; p.t. and p.p. ENTHRALLED (en-thrald').] Enslave; subjugate; captivate; inthrall. ENTHRONE (en-thron'), vt. [pr.p. ENTHRO- NING; p.t. and p.p. ENTHRONED (en- thrond').] Place on a throne. ENTHRONEMENT (en-thron'ment), n. Act of enthroning or being enthroned. ENTHUSE (en-thuz'), v. [pr.p. ENTHU'SING; p.t. and p.p. ENTHUSED (en-thuzd').] I. vt. Inspire with enthusiasm. II. vi. Become en- thusiastic. (Colloq.) ENTHUSIASM (en-thu'zi-azm), n. 1. Intense interest. 2. Intensity of feeling. 3. Pas- sionate zeal. [Gr. enthousiasmos; from en, in, and theos, god.] SYN. Excitement; frenzy; sensation; in- spiration; transport; rapture; ardor; devo- tion; zeal. ANT. Coldness; callousness; indifference; prudence; timidity. ENTHUSIAST (en-thu'zi-ast), n. One inspired by enthusiasm. ENTHUSIASTIC (en-thu-zi-as'tik), ENTHUSI- ASTIC AL (en-thu-zi-as'tik-al), a. Filled with enthusiasm; zealous; ardent. ENTHUSIASTICALLY (en-thu-zi-as'tik-al-I), adv. In an enthusiastic manner. ENTHYMEME (en'thi-mem), n. Bhet. Argu- ment consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and a consequent; syllogism In which the major proposition is suppressed. [Gr. en, in, and thymos, the mind. J ENTICE (en-tis'), vt. [pr.p. ENTI'CING; p.t. and p.p. ENTICED (en-tist').] Induce by exciting hope or desire; lead astray. [O. Fr. enticier, provoke.] SYN. Allure; attract; decoy; tempt; se- duce. ANT. Deter; warn; hinder; repel. ENTICEMENT (en-tis'ment), n. 1. Act of en- ticing. 2. That which entices. ENTICING (en-ti'sing), a. Alluring; seduc- tive. ENTIRE (en-tlr'), I. a. Whole; complete; un- broken. II. n. The whole. [Fr. entier — L. integer, intact.] ENTIRELY (en-tir'li), adv. 1. In every parts wholly; completely. 2. In the whole or en- tirety. ENTIRENESS (en-tir'nes), ENTIRETY (en- tir'ti), n. 1. Completeness. 2. The whole amount, quantity or extent. ENTITLE (en-tltl), vt. [pr.p. ENTITLING; p.t. and p.p. ENTITLED (en-tl'tld).] 1. Give a title to; style. 2. Give a claim or right to. SYN. Name; designate; call; denominate; empower; qualify. ANT. Disqualify; disable. ENTITY (en'ti-ti), n. [pi. EN'TITIES.] Being; existence; real substance. [L. ens, ent-, being.] ENTOMB (en-tora'), vt. [pr.p. ENTOMBING; p.t. and p.p. ENTOMBED (en-tomd').] Place in a tomb; bury. ENTOMBMENT (en-tom'ment), n. Act of en- tombing; burial. fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck in Scotch loch. ENTOMOLOGICAL 449 ENVIRONMENT ENTOMOLOGICAL (en-to-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to entomology. ENTOMOLOGIST (en-to-mol'o-jist), n. One (learned in entomology. ENTOMOLOGY (en-to-mol'o-ji), n. Science of insects. [Gr. entoma, insects (temno, cut), and logos, discourse.] ENTOURAGE (ang-to-razh'), n. Specifically, one's customary associates or attendants; literally, surroundings. [Fr. entourer, sur- round.] ENTOZOA (en-to-zo'a), n.pl. Animals that live inside of other animals; opposed to ECTOZOA. [Gr. entos, within, and zoon, animal.] ENTOZOAN (en-to-zo'an), I. a. Pertaining to the Entozoa. II. n. One of the Entozoa. ENTR'ACTE (ang-trakf), n. Music hetween the acts of a drama. [Fr.] ENTRAILS (en'tralz), n.pl. Bowels. [Fr. en- trailles — L. inter, within.] ENTRAIN (en-tran'), v. [pr.p. ENTRAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENTRAINED (en-trand').] I. vt. . 1. Draw or hring on. 2. Put on hoard a rail- way train. II. vi. Go on hoard a train. ENTRANCE (en'trans), n. 1. Act of entering. 2. Power or right to enter. 3. Place for en- tering; door. 4. Beginning. [Fr. entrer, enter.] ENTRANCE (en-trans'), vt. [pr.p. ENTRAN- CING; p.t. and p.p. ENTRANCED (en-transt).] 1. Put into a trance. 2. Fill with rapture. [EN- and TRANCE.] ENTRANCEMENT ( en-trans 'ment), n. Act of entrancing or state of being entranced. ENTRAP (en-trap'), vt. [pr.p. ENTRAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. ENTRAPPED (en-trapt').] Catch in a trap; insnare; entangle. ENTREAT (en-tref), vt. [pr.p. ENTREATING; p.t. and p.p. ENTREAT'ED.] Ask earnestly. ENTREATY (en-tret'i), n. 1. Act of entreating. 2. Earnest prayer. ENTREE (ang-tra'), n. 1. Entry; freedom of access. 2. Subordinate dish served between principal courses. [Fr.] ENTREMETS (ang-tr-ma'), n.pl. Any dainty served between regular courses in bill of fare. [Fr.] ENTRENCH, vt. See INTRENCH. ENTREPOT (ang'tr-p6), n. 1. Storehouse or depot. 2. Seaport through which exports and imports pass. [Fr.] ENTREPRENEUR (ang-tr-pre-niir'), n. Under- taker of constructive works; contractor. [Fr.] ENTROPY (en'tro-pi), n. Physics. Available energy. [Gr. en, in, and trepo, turn.] ENTRUST, vt. See INTRUST. ENTRY (en'tri), n. [pi. EN'TRIES.] 1. Act of entering. 2. Passage into. 3. Item entered or written. [Fr. entree — entrer, enter.] ENTWINE (en-twin'), vt. [pr.p. ENTWI'NING; p.t. and p.p. ENTWINED (en-twind').] Twine; wreathe. ENTWIST ( en-twist'), vU [pr.p. ENTWIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. ENTWIST'ED.] Twist round. ENUCLEATE (e-nu'kle-at), vt. [pr.p. ENU'- CLEATING ; p.t. and p.p. ENUCLEATED.] Lay bare; elucidate; solve. [L. e, out, and nu- cleus, kernel.] ENUCLEATION (e-nu-kle-a'shun), n. Act of enucleating or making clear; full exposition. ENUMERATE (e-nu'mer-at), vt. [pr.p. ENU- MERATING; p.t. and p.p. ENUMERATED.] Count the number of; name over. [L. e, out, and numero, number.] SYN. Number; reckon; recapitulate; cal- culate; compute; detail; rehearse. ANT. Summarize; epitomize. ENUMERATION (e-nu-mer-a'shun), n. 1. Act of numbering. 2. Detailed account. 3. A summing up; recapitulation. ENUMERATIVE (e-nu'mer-a-tiv), a. Reckon- ing up. ENUMERATOR (e-nu'mer-a-tur), n. One who enumerates. ENUNCIABLE (e-nun'si-a-bl), a. Capable of being enunciated. ENUNCIATE (e-nun'si-at or e-nun'shi-St), vt. [pr.p. ENUNCIATING; p.t. and p.p. ENUN'- CIATED.] 1. State formally. 2. Pronounce distinctly. [L. e, out, and nuncio, tell.] ENUNCIATION (e-nun'si-a'shun), n. 1. Act of enunciating. 2. Manner of uttering or pronouncing. 3. A distinct statement or declaration. 4. Geom. Words in which a proposition is stated. ENUNCIATIVE (e-nun'si-a-tiv), ENUNCIA- TORY (e-nun'si-a-td-ri), a. 1. Serving to enunciate. 2. Pertaining to enunciation. ENUNCIATOR (e-nun'si-a-tur), n. One who enunciates. ENVELOP (en-vel'up), vt. [pr.p. ENVEL'OP- ING; p.t. and p.p. ENVELOPED (en-vel'upt).] Roll or fold in; cover by wrapping; surround entirely; hide. [Fr. envelopper.] ENVELOPE (cn'vel-dp), n. That which envelops or covers, especially the cover of a letter. ENVELOPMENT (en-vel'up-ment), n. A wrap- ping or covering on all sides. ENVENOM (en-ven'um), vt. [pr.p. ENVEN'- OMING; p.t. and p.p. ENVENOMED (en-ven'- umd).] Poison; taint with bitterness or mal- ice. ENVIABLE (en'vi-a-bl), a. Capable of exciting envy. ENVIOUS (en'vi-us), a. 1. Feeling envy. 2. Directed or prompted by envy. ENVIOUSLY (en'vi-us-li), adv. In an envious manner. ENVIRON (en-vi'run), vt. [pr.p. ENVI'RONING; p.t. and p.p. ENVIRONED (en-vl'rund).] Sur- round; encompass; invest. [Fr. environner; from environ, around.] ENVIRONMENT (en-vi'run-ment), n. 1. Act of environing or surrounding. 2. That which environs; surroundings. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, ENVIRONS 450 EPIGASTRIUM ENVIRONS (en-vl'runz), n.pl. Outskirts of a city; neighborhood. ENVOY (en'vol), n. 1. Messenger. 2. Minister to a foreign government. [Fr. envoye, sent.] ENVY (en'vi), vt. [pr.p. EN'VITING; p.t. and p.p. ENVIED (en'vid).] 1. Look upon longingly, and often grudgingly. 2. Hate on account of prosperity. [Fr. envie — L. in, on, and video, look.] ENVY (en'vi), n. 1. Pain at the sight of anoth- er's good fortune. 2. Wicked desire to sup- plant one. ENWRAP (en-rap'), INWRAP (in-rap'), vt. [pr. p. ENWRAPPING; p.t. and p.p. ENWRAPPED (en-rapt').] 1. Cover by wrapping. 2. En- gross. ENZOOTIC (en-zo-ot'ik), I. a. Endemic among animals in a particular district. II. n. Dis- ease of this character. [Gr. en, among, and zdon, animal.] ENZYM, ENZYME (en'zim), n. 1. Any unor- ganized ferment. 2. Leavened bread; op- posed to AZYM. [Gr. en, in, and zyme, leaven.] EOCENE (S'6-sen), a. Geol. First in time of the three subdivisions of the Tertiary forma- tion. [Gr. e"6s, dawn, and kainos, new.] EOLIAN, AEOLIAN (e-oli-an), EoLIC, JEo- LIC (e-ol'ik), a. 1. Belonging to ^Eolia, in Asia Minor. 2. Pertaining to ^Eolus, god of the winds. 3. Played upon by the wind. EOLIAN, AEOLIAN HARP (e-6'li-an harp). Stringed instrument giving music by the wind's action. EON, ^EON (e'on), n. Immeasurable period of time; age. [Gr. aidn, age.] EOS (e'os), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Hype- rion and sister of Helios and Selene; goddess of the dawn, identified with the Roman Aurora. EOSIN (e'6-sin), n. Bright red aniline dye in form of brownish crystals. EP-, prefix. See EPI-. EPACT (ep'akt or e'pakt), n. Term denoting the excess of the solar month above the lunar, or of the solar year above the lunar year of twelve synodical months. [Gr. epakte; from epi, on, and ago, lead.] EPAULET, EPAULETTE (ep'a-let),«. Fringed shoul- der-piece worn by a mili- tary or naval officer. [Fr. — epaule, shoulder.] EPERGNE (a-pern), n. Or- namental stand to hold flowers, bonbons, etc. ; used as a center-piece for a din- ner-table. [Etym. doubt- ful; perhaps from Fr. epargne, saving.] EPH-, prefix. See EPI-. Ephemera (ef-em'gr-a), n. 1. Genus of short- lived insects; May-fly. 2. one day's continuance only. [Gr. ephemeros, for a day; from epi-, on, and JiSmera, day.] EPHEMERAL (ef-em'er-al), a. Existing only for a day; short-lived; transitory. EPHEMERID (ef-em'e-rid), n. Insect of the family Ephemeridce; May-fly. EPHEMERIDvE (ef-e-mer'i-de), n.pl. Family of neuropterous insects; May-flies. [See EPHEMERA.] EPHIALTES (ef-i-al'tez), n. Greek Myth. A giant son of Poseidon (Neptune), who grew nine inches every month; with Otus, his brother, he fought the Olympian gods; was slain by Apollo. EPHOD (ef'od), n. Linen surplice of Jewish priests. [Heb. dphad, put on.] EPI-, prefix. Upon; beside; over; among; after. It becomes eph- before an aspirate, and ep- before a vowel. [Gr]. EPIC (ep'ik), I. a. Narrating a great event in an elevated style. II. n. Heroic poem. [Gr. epikos — epos, word.] EPICARDIUM (ep-i-kar'di-um), n. Part of pericardium that is directly united with the heart. [Gr. epi-, upon, and kardia, heart.] EPICARP (ep'i-karp), n. Outer skin of a fruit, as the plum. [Gr. karpos, fruit.] EPICENE (ep'i-sen), a. and n. 1. Common to both sexes. 2. Gram. Of either gender. Gr. epikoinos — epi, upon, and koinos, com- mon.] EPICURE (ep'i-kur), n. 1. Formerly, a follower of Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, who taught that pleasure was the chief good. 2. [e-] One devoted to the luxuries of the table. EPICUREAN (ep-i-ku're-an), I. a. 1. Per- taining to Epicurus. 2. [e-] Given to luxury. II. n. 1. Follower of Epicurus. 2. [e-] One given to the luxuries of the table. EPICYCLE (ep'i-si-kl), n. Circle having its center on the circumference of a greater cir- cle on which it moves. [Gr. epikyklos; from epi, upon, and kyklos, circle.] EPICYCLOID (cp-i-si'kloid), n. Geom. Curve described by every point in the plane of a cir- cle moving on the convex circumference of another circle. EPIDEMIC (ep-i-dem'ik), I. a. Affecting a whole people; general. II. n. Disease falling on great numbers. [Gr. epi, upon, and demos, people.] EPIDEMIOLOGY (ep-i-dem-i-ol'o-ji), n. Study of the origin and cause of epidemics. EPIDERMIC (ep-i-der'mik), EPIDERMAL (ep- i-der'mal), a. Of or belonging to the epider- mis; cuticular. EPIDERMIS (ep-i-der'mis), n. Cuticle; outer skin. [Gr. epi, upon, and derma, skin.] EPIGASTRIC (ep-i-gas'trik), a. Of or per- taining to the epigastrium. EPIGASTRIUM (ep-i-gas'tri-um), «. [pi. EP- IGAS'TRIA.] Upper part of the abdomen. [Gr. epi, upon, and gast&r, stomach.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m6ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EPIGLOTTIS 451 EPOCH EPIGLOTTIS (ep-i-glot'is), n. [pi. EPIGLOT- TIDES . (ep-i-glot'i-dez).] Cartilaginous ap- pendage at the root of the tongue that closes £he glottis (opening of the larynx) when food or drink is swallowed. [Gr. epiglottis; from epi, upon, and glotta (glossa), tongue.] EPIGRAM (ep'i-gram), n. 1. Short witty poem on a subject. 2. Any concise, pointed, sar- castic saying. fGr. epi, upon, and gramma, writing.] EPIGRAMMATIC (ep-i-gram-mat'ik), EPI- GRAMMATICAL (ep-i-gram-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Relating to or dealing in epigrams. 2. Like an epigram; concise and pointed. EPIGRAPH (ep'i-graf), n. 1. An inscription, especially on a building. 2. Citation or motto at the commencement of a book or its parts. EPIGYNOUS (e-pij'i-nus), a. Bot. Growing upon or above the ovary, or appearing to do so, as the stamens and corolla of the cran- berry. [Gr. epi, upon, and gyne, woman.] EPILEPSY (ep'i-lep-si), n. Disease of the brain attended by convulsions and unconsciousness ; falling sickness. [Gr. epilepsis, seizure.] EPILEPTIC (ep-i-lep'tik), I. a. Pertaining to or afflicted with epilepsy. II. n. An epileptic patient. EPILEPTICAL (ep-i-lep'tik-al), a. Epileptic. EPILOGUE (ep'i-log), n. Speech or short poem at the end of a play. [Gr. epilogos, conclusion. ] EPIPETALOUS (ep-i-pet'a-lus), a. Bot. Having the stamens on the corolla, as in the phlox. EPIPHANY (e-pif'a-ni), n. Christian festival, celebrated on January 6, in commemoration of the appearance of Christ to the Gentiles (the wise men of the East). [Gr. epi, upon, and phaino, show.] EPIPHYTE (ep'i-fit), n. One of a species of plants attached to trees and deriving their nourishment from the decaying portions of the bark, and perhaps also from the air. [Gr. epi, upon, and phyton, plant.] EPISCOPACY (e-pis'ko-pa-si), n. 1. Govern- ment of the church by bishops. 2. Rank or office of a bishop. [See BISHOP.] EPISCOPAL (e-pis'ko-paD, a. 1. Governed by bishops; pertaining to bishops. 2. [E-] Anglican. Episcopalian (e-pis-ko-pa'ii-an), i. n. One who belongs to the Episcopal or Anglican Church. II. a. Pertaining to the Episcopal Church. EPISCOPALLY (e-pis'ko-pal-i), adv. In the manner of an episcopacy; by a bishop. EPISCOPATE (e-pis'ko-pat), n. 1. Bishopric. 2. Office of a bishop. 3. Order of bishops. EPISODE (ep'i-sod), n. Story introduced into a narrative or poem to give variety; interesting incident. [Gr. epi, upon, eis, into, and ho- dos, way.] EPISODIC (ep-i-sod'ik), EPISODAL (ep'i-s6- dal), EPISODIAL ( ep-i-so'di-al ), EPISOD- ICAL (ep-i-sod'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or contained in an episode. 2. Brought in as a digression. EPISODICALLY (ep-i-sod'ik-al-i), adv. By way of episode; incidentally. EPISPERM (ep'i-sperm), n. Bot. The outer skin of a seed, the middle coat being the endo- pleura, and, the inner, the endosperm. EPISTLE (e-pis'l), n. 1. Letter. 2. Eucha- ristic lesson, generally from New Testament Epistles, read before the Gospel. EPISTOLARY (e-pis'to-la-ri), EPISTOLIC (ep- is-tol'ik), EPISTOLICAL (ep-ls-tol'ik-aD, o. 1. Pertaining to or consisting of letters. 2. Suitable to an epistle. 3. In letters. EPITAPH (ep'i-taf), «. Inscription upon a tomb. [Gr. taphos, tomb.] EPITHALAMIUM (ep-i-tha-la'mi-um), n. [pi. EPITHALA'MIA.] Song or poem in celebra- tion of a marriage. [Gr. epi, upon, and thalamos, bride-chamber.] EPITHELIUM (ep-i-the'li-um), n. Anat. Cell- tissue which invests the outer surface of the body and the mucous membranes connected with it, and also the closed cavities of the body. [Gr. epi, upon, and thelS, nipple.] EPITHET (ep'i-thet), n. Adjective expressing some quality of the object to which it is ap- plied. [Gr. epi, on, and tithimi, place.] S YN. Style ; title ; cognomen ; appellation. EPITHETIC (ep-i-thet'ik), a. i. Pertaining to an epithet. 2. Abounding with epithets. EPITOME (e-pit'o-me), n. Short summary. [Gr. epi, upon, and temno, cut.] SYN. Abridgment; abbreviation; re- duction; contraction; summary; abstract; condensation. ANT. Elongation; elabora- tion; amplification; explication. EPITOMIST (e-pit'o-mist), n. One who epito- mizes. EPITOMIZE (e-pit'o-miz), vt. [pr.p. EPIT'O- MIZING; p.t. and p.p. EPITOMIZED (e-pit'o- mizd).] Make an epitome of; shorten. EPITOMIZER (e-pit'o-mi-zer), n. Epitomist. EpIZOA (ep-i-zS'a), n.pl. Animals, parasitic upon the external surface of other animals. [Gr. epi, on, and zoa (pi. of zoon), animals.] EPIZOAN (ep-i-zo'an), n. One of the Epizoa. EPIZOIC (ep-i-zo'ik), a. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Epizoa. EPIZOON (ep-i-zd'on), n. [pi. EPIZOA (ep-i- zo'a).] An epizoan. EPIZOOTIC (ep-i-zd-ot'ik), a. Pertaining or relating to diseases among animals of the na- ture of an epidemic. [Gr. epi, on, and zoa, animals.] EPIZOOTIC (ep-i-zd-ot'ik), EPIZOOTY (ep-i- zd'o-ti), n. Epizootic disease, especially a prevailing influenza among horses. EPOCH (ep'ok or e'pok), n. Period or point of time made remarkable by some great event. [Gr. epoche, stop.] SYN. Age; era; division; time; eon; cycle; period. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EPODE 453 EQUITABLY EPODE (ep'6d), n. 1. Kind of lyric poem In which a longer verse Is followed by a shorter one. 2. Last part of a lyric ode. [Gr. epodos; from epl, on, and ode, ode.] EPSOM-SALT (ep'sum-salt), n. Sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic. EQUABILITY (e-kwa-bil'i-ti or ek-wa-bil'i-ti), n. State or condition of being equable. EQUABLE (e'kwa-bl or ek'wa-bl,) a. Equal and uniform; not variable. [L. cequabilis.] EQUABLY (e'kwa-bli or ek'wa-bli), adv. In an equable manner. EQUAL (e'kwal), o. 1. Alike, or agreeing in bulk, magnitude, dimensions, degree, value, quality, etc. 2. Adequate. 3. In just pro- portion or relation. 4. Evenly balanced. 5. Having the same interest or concern. 6. Impartial; just; fair. [L. cequalis; from cequus. even.] SYN. Uniform; commensurate; coordi- nate; adequate; coextensive; smooth. ANT. Unequal; incommensurate; inadequate; variable. EQUAL (€'kwaD» n. One of the same age, rank, or condition. EQUAL (S'kwaD, vt. [pr.p. E'QUALING; p.t. and p.p. EQUALED (e'kwald).] Be or make equal to. EQUALITY (e-kwol'i-ti), n. [pi. EQUAL'ITIES.] Condition of being equal; sameness; even- ness; equability. EQUALIZATION (5-kwal-i-za'shun), n. Act of equalizing or state of being equalized. EQUALIZE (g'kwal-iz), vt. [pr.p. EQUALI- ZING; p.U and p.p. EQUALIZED (6'kwal-izd).] 1. Make equal. 2. Represent as equal. EQUALLY (e'kwal-i), adv. 1. Alike. 2. Even- ly; equably; uniformly. EQUALNESS (S'kwal-nes), n. State of being equal; evenness; uniformity. EQUANIMITY (5-kwa-nim'i-ti), n. Evenness of mind or temper. [L. cequus, equal, and animus, mind.] EQUATE (e-kwaf), vt. [pr.p. EQUA'TING; p.t. and p.p. EQUA'TED.] 1. Reduce to an aver- age or to a common standard of comparison. 2. Regard as equal. EQUATION (e-kwa'shun), n. Alg. 1. State- ment of the equality of two quantities. 2. Reduction to a mean proportion. EQUATOR (e-kwa'tur), n. 1. Geog. Circle pass- ing round the middle of the globe, and dividing it Into two equal parts. 2. Astron. Equi- noctial. [L. cequus, equal.] EQUATORIAL (5-kwa-to'ri-al), I. a. Of or per- taining to the equator. II. n. Equatorial telescope, an instrument for observing and following a celestial body in any part of its diurnal course. EQUATORIALLY(S-kwa-td'ri-al-i), adv. So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator. EQUERY, EQUERRY (ek'we-ri), n. [pi. EQ'- UERIES, EQUERRIES.] One w T charge of horses. [Fr. ecurie, e EQUESTRIAN (e-kwes'tri-an), I to horses or horsemanship; c n. One who rides on horseback. er — equus, horse.] EQUESTRIANISM (e-k T /, n. Horsemanship. EQUESTRIENNE (e-kwes Woman given to or skilled rid ng norseback. [Formed from ad Fr. fern, suffix -enne.l EQUI-, prefix. Equal. [L. mquus.] EQUIANGUT .u-lar), a. Having equal angle. EQUIDISTANT s'tant), a. Equally distant (from). EQUILATERAL (e-k. i-lat'er-al), a. Having all the sides equal. EQUILIBRIST (e-kwil'i-brist), n. Performer of hazardous balancing feats. [L. cequus, equal, and libra, balance.] EQUILIBRIUM (e-kwi-lib'ri-um), n. Equi- poise; equality of weight or force; state of rest produced by the counteraction of equal forces [L. mquus, equal, and libra, balance.] EQUINE (e'kwin), I. a. Pertaining to a horse or horses. II. n. Horse. [L. equinus — equus.] EQUINOCTIAL (e-kwi-nok'shal), I. a. Pertain- ing to the equinoxes, the time of the equinoxes, or to the regions about the equator. II. n. Circle in the heavens corresponding to equator of the earth, so called because when the sun crosses it, days and nights are equal. EQUINOX (e'kwi-noks), n. 1. Time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points (first point of Aries, March 21, and the first point of Libra, September 23), making day and night of equal length. 2. Equinoctial gale. [L. cequus, equal, and nox, night.] EQUIP (e-kwip'), vt. [pr.p. EQUIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. EQUIPPED (e-kwipt).] 1. Furnish with everything needed for any service or work; fit out. 2. Dress out; array; accouter. [Fr. equiper; from Ice. skipa, set in order; from skip, ship.] EQUIPAGE (ek'wi-paj), n. 1. Furnishings re- quired for a service, as armor of a soldier, etc. 2. Carriage and attendants. EQUIPMENT (e-kwip'ment), n. 1. Act of equip- ping. 2. State of being equipped. 3. Things used in equipping. EQUIPOISE (e'kwi-poiz), n. Equality of weight or force; balance; equilibrium. EQUITABLE (ekwi-ta-bl), a. 1. Possessing or exhibiting equity. 2. Held or exercised in equity. SYN. Fair; just; impartial. ANT. Unfair; unjust; partial. EQUITABLENESS (ek'wi-ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- ity of being equitable. EQUITABLY (ek'wi-ta-bli), adv. In an equi- table manner. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. E QUIT ANT 453 ERMINE EQUITANT (ek'wi-tant), a. Bot. Overlapping or riding. EQUITY (ek'wi-ti), n. [pi. EQ'UITIES.] 1. Im- partiality; desire to give to each man his due. 2. System of jurisprudence supplemental of common law. [Fr. equite.] EQUIVALENCE (e-kwiv'a-lens), n. State of being equivalent. [L. cequus, equal, and valeo, be strong.] EQUIVALENT (e-kwiv'a-lent), I. a . Equal in value, power, meaning, etc. II. n. That which is equivalent. EQUIVOCAL (e-kwiv'o-kal), a. Meaning two or more things; of doubtful meaning; am- biguous. [L. cequus, equal, and vox, voice, word.] SYN. Dubious; doubtful; indefinite; in- determinate. ANT. Plain; direct; clear; unequivocal. EQUIVOCATE ( e-kwiv'o-kat), vi. [pr.p. EQUIV- OCATING; p.t. and p.p. EQUIVOCATED.] Use equivocal or doubtful words in order to mislead. EQUIVOCATION (e-kwiv-o-ka'shun), n. Act of equivocating. SYN. Ambiguity; evasion; prevarication; subterfuge; shift; quibble. EQUIVOCATOR (e-kwiv'o-ka-tur), n. One who equivocates. EQUIVOKE, EQUIVOQUE (ek'wi-vok), ». Equivocal expression; equivocation. ERA (e'ra), n. 1. Period of time marked by a new order of things. 2. Important date. [L. L. cera.] SYN. See EPOCH. ERADIATE (e-ra'di-at), vi. [pr.p. ERA'DIA- TING;p.*. and p.p. ERA'DIATED.] Shootout like a ray of light. [L. e, out, and radius, ray. ] ERADIATION (e-ra-di-a'shun), n. Act of eradiating. ERADICATE (e-rad'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. ERADICA- TING; p.t. and p.p. ERADICATED.] Pull up by the roots; destroy; extirpate. [L. eradico, root out; from e, out, and radix, root.] ERADICATION (e-rad-i-ka'shun), n. Act of eradicating or state of being eradicated. ERADICATIVE (e-rad'i-ka-tiv), a. Serving to eradicate. ERADICATOR (e-rad'i-ka-tur), n. One who or that which eradicates. ERASARLE (e-ra'sa-bl), a. Capable of being erased. ERASE (e-ras')» vt. [pr.p. ERA'SING; p.t. and p.p. ERASED (e-rast').] Rub or scrape out; efface. [L. erasus, p.p. of erado, scrape out; from e, out, and rado, scrape.] ERASEMENT (e-ras'ment), n. 1. Act of erasing. 2. Anything erased, or place where erased from. ERASER (e-ra'ser), n. One who or that which erases; contrivance for removing ink-marks chalk-marks or pencil-marks. ERASION (e-ra'zhun), n. Erasure. ERASURE (e-ra'zhor), n. 1. Act of erasing. 2. Place where something written has been rubbed or scraped out. ERE (ar), I. adv. Previously; before. II. conj. Sooner than; rather than. III. prep. Before. [A. S. cer.] EREBUS (er'e-bus), n. Greek Myth. 1. Son of Chaos and Darkness; an infernal deity. 2. A cavern through which the shades passed on their way to Hades. ERECT (e-rekf), a. 1. Upright. 2. Directed upward. [L. erectus, p.p. of erigo, set up; from e, out, and rego, lead straight.] ERECT (e-rekf), vt. [pr.p. ERECT 'ING ; p.t. and p.p. ERECT'ED.] 1. Set upright. 2. Raise. 3. Build. 4. Exalt. 5. Establish; institute. ERECTILE (e-rekt'il), a. Capable of being erected. ERECTION (e-rek'shun), n. 1. Act of erecting or raising. 2. State of being erected; exalta- tion. 3. Anything erected; building. [L. erectus.'] ERECTIVE (e-rekt'iv), a. Tending to erect. ERECTLY (e-rekt'li), adv. In an erect manner. ERECTNESS (e-rekt'nes), n. Quality or state of being erect. ERECTOR (e-rekt'iir), n. 1. One who or that which erects or raises. 2. Anat. Muscle which assists in erecting a part or an organ. ERELONG (ar'lang), adv. Before long; soon. EREMITE (er'e-mit), n. Hermit or recluse. [Gr. eremites — er€mos, deserted.] ERENOW (ar'now), adv. Before this time. ERG (erg), n. Physics. Unit of work; quantity of work done by a force which, acting for one second upon a mass of one gram, produces a velocity of one centimeter per second; work accomplished when a body is moved through a distance of one centimeter with the force of one dyne. [Gr. ergon, work.] ERGMETER (erg'me-ter), n. Device for meas- uring the work of an electric current in ergs. [ERG and -METER.] ERGO (er'go), adv. Therefore; hence. [L.] ERGOGRAPH (er'go-graf), ERGOMETER (er- gom'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring fatigue or mental excitement. [Gr. ergon, work, and grapho, write.] ERGOT (er'got), n. 1. Fungus infecting wheat, rye, etc. 2. Poisonous medicine made from the spawn of the fungus. [O. Fr. argot, spur.] JbRIE (e'ri), IjAKE. Between Canada and United States. Area 9000 sq. m. JcjRINYS (er-in'is), n. [pi. ERINYES (er-ln'i-ez).] Greek Myth. Any one of three aven- ging deities, corre- sponding to the Ro- man Furies. [Gr., fury.] ERMINE (er'min), n. 1. Northern animal of the weasel tribe, Ermine (Putorius erminea). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ''i=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. ERODE 454 ESCAPE ) valued for its fur. 2. Its white fur, much used for lining of state robes. [Ger. hermelin.] ERODE (e-rod'), vt. [pr.p. ERODING; p.t. and p.p. ERO'DED.] Eat or wear away; corrode. [L. e, off, and rodo, gnaw.] ERODENT (e-ro'dent), n. Caustic drug. El\OS (e'ros or er'os), n. The Greek equivalent to the Latin Cupid, the god of love. [Gr. erds, love.] EROSE (e-rds'), a. Eroded; having the appear- ance of having been gnawed. [L. erosus; see EROSION.] EROSION (e-ro'zhun), n. 1. Act or process of eroding. 2. State of being eroded. 3. Eroded part. [L. erosio; from erosus, p.p. of erodo, erode.] EROSIVE (e-ro'siv), a. Having the property of eroding or eating away. EROSTRATE (e-ros'trat), a. Bot. Having no beak. [E- and ROSTRATE.] EROTIC (er-ot'ik), I. a. Pertaining to love; amorous; amatory. II. n. Love poem or composition. ERR (Si), vi. [pr.p. ERRING (er'ing or er'ing) ; p. U and p.p. ERRED (erd).] 1. Wander from or miss the right way. 2. Deviate from the path of duty. 3. Make a mistake. 4. Com- mit an error; sin. [O. Fr. errer; from L. erro, wander.] ERRAND (er'and), n. 1. Commission to say or do something. 2. The commission or busi- ness to be done. [A. S. cerende.] ERRANT (er'ant), a. Wandering; roving; as, a knight errant, a knight that roves in search of adventure. ERRANTRY (er'ant-ri), n. An errant or wan- dering state; vocation or career of a knight errant. ERRATA (er-ra'ta), n. Plural of ERRATUM. ERRATIC (er-rat'ik), ERRATICAL (er-rat'lk- al), a. 1. Wandering; roving. 2. Having no certain course. 3. Not conforming to rules; irregular. 4. Eccentric. ERRATUM (er-ra'tum), n. [pi. ERRATA.] Error in writing or printing. ERRONEOUS (er-ro'ne-us), a. Wrong; mis- taken. [L. erroneus, straying; from erro, wander.] ERRONEOUSLY (er-ro'ne-us-li), adv. In an erroneous manner. ERRONEOUSNESS (er-ro'ne-us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being erroneous. ERROR (er'ur), n. 1. Inaccuracy. 2. Deviation from the truth. 3. Moral offense. 4. Mistake in writing, etc. [L.; from erro, wander, err.] SYN. Falsity; fallacy; wrong; sin; blun- der; erratum; fault. ANT. Correction; correctness; truth; accuracy; soundness; rectification. IjRSE (ers), n. Language of the people of the West Highlands of Scotland. [Corrup. of IRISH.] ERST (6rst), »dv. At first; formerly. [A. S. (erest, superl. of cer. See ERE.] ERSTWHILE (erst'hwil), adv. Once; formerly. ERUCT (e-rukt), v. [pr.p. ERUCT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ERUCT 'ED.] I. vt. Reich out, as wind from the stomach. II. vi. Reich. [L. eructo, from e, out, and ructo, belch.] ERUCTATION (e-ruk-ta'shun), n. Belching; throwing out. ERUDITE (er'o-dit), a. Learned; well-read. [L. erudio, free from rudeness, instruct."] ERUDITION (er-6-dish'un), ». 1. State of being erudite or learned. 2. Knowledge gained by study. ERUGATE (er'o-gat;, a. Smooth and free from wrinkles; as, an erugate skin. [L. e, out, and ruga, wrinkle.] ERUPT (e-rupf), v. [pr.p. ERUPTING; p.t. and p.p. ERUPT'ED.] I. vt. Cast out with violence. II. vi. Burst forth, as a volcano. [L. eruptus, p.p. of erumpo, burst or break out.] ERUPTION (e-rup'shun), n. 1. Breaking or bursting forth. 2. Breaking out of spots on the skin. ERUPTIVE (e-rup'tiv), a. 1. Breaking forth. 2. Attended by or producing eruption. 3. Produced by eruption. ERYSIPELAS (er-i-sip'e-las), n. Inflammatory disease, generally in the face. {Gr. erythros, red, and pella, skin.] ERZERUM (erz-rom'), n. City, Turkish Ar- menia, on branch of Euphrates. ESCALADE (es-ka-lad '), n. Scaling of the walls of a fortress by means of ladders. [Fr.] ESCALADE (es-ka-lad'), vt. [pr.p. ESCALA'- DING; p.t. and p.p. ESCALA'DED.] Mount and enter by means of ladders; scale. ESCALATOR (es'ka-la-tur), n. Trade name for a form of inclined elevator or moving stair- way. [From ESCALADE.] ESCALOP, ESCALLOP (es-kol'up), n. A variant Of SCALLOP. ESCAPADE (es'ka-pad), n. 1. Plunging or ca- pering as of a horse. 2. Wild prank. [Fr.] ESCAPE (es-kap'), v. [pr.p. ESCA'PING; p.t. and p.p. ESCAPED (es-kapt').] I. vt. 1. Get away from; evade; elude. 2. Pass or remain unobserved by. 3. Pass away from; be for- gotten by. 4. Avoid the danger of. II. vi. 1. Make one's escape by flight. 2. Avoid or elude notice. 3. Emerge in safety from threatened danger or harm. [O. Fr. escaper; from L. L. ex capa, out of a cape.] ESCAPE ( es-kap'), n. 1. Act of escaping. 2. State of having escaped. 3. One who has escaped from confinement. 4. Means of escaping, as a fire-escape. 5. An evasion of legal restraint without due course of law. 6. Bot. Plant formerly cultivated but which is now apparently growing wild. 7. A leakage or loss, as of electricity in a circuit by reason of imperfect insulation; loss of charge on an insulated conductor. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, ii = tf in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. ESCAPEMENT 455 ESSENTIALITY Escapement. ESCAPEMENT (es-kap»ment), n. Part of a timepiece connecting the wheel work with the pendulum or bal- ance, and allowing a tooth to escape at each vibration. ESCHATOLOGY (es- ka-tol'o-ji), n. Theol, Doctrine of condi- tions after death. [Gr. eschatos, last, and lo- gia, discourse.] ESCHEAT (es-chef), n. Property which falls to the state for want of an heir, or by forfeiture. [Fr. echoir; from L. ex, out, and cado, fall.] ESCHEAT (es-chef), v. [pr.p. ESCHEAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ESCHEAT'ED.] I. vt. Confiscate. II. vi. Fall or revert to the state through fail- ure of heirs. ESCHEW (es-choO, vt. [pr.p. ESCHEWING; p.t. and p.p. ESCHEWED (es-chod').] Shun; avoid. [O. Fr. escheuer, cog. with Ger. scheu 9 shy.] ESCORT (es'kart), n. Guard; protection. [Fr. escorte.] ESCORT (es-karf), vt. [pr.p. ESCORT'ING; p.t. and p.p. ESCORT'ED.] Attend as a guard; accompany. ESCRITOIRE (es-kri-twarO, n. Writing desk. [O. Fr. escriptoire — L. scribo, write.] ESCROW (es-kro'), n. Deed delivered to a third person, to be held by him, until the grantee has fulfilled or performed some certain con- ditions. [O. Fr. escroue.] ESCULENT (es'ku-lent), a. Eatable; tooth- some. [L. esca, food — edo, eat.] ESCUTCHEON (es-kuch'un), n. Shield on which a coat of arms is represented; family shield. [O. Fr. escusson — L. scutum, shield.] Eskimo, Es quimau ( es '- ki-mo), n. [pi. ESKI- MOS, ESQUIMAUX, (es'- ki-moz).] One of a race Inhabiting Greenland and Arctic America. ESOPHAGUS (e-sof'a-gus), n. Passage through which food is carried to the stomach; gullet. [Gr. oiso, will carry, and phago, cat.] ESOTERIC (es-o-ter'ik), a. Taught to a select few; secret. Opposed to EXOTERIC. [Gr. esoterikos, inner.] i ESPALIER (es-pal'yer), n. 1. Latticework of wood on which to train fruit trees. 2. Row of trees so trained. [Fr.] ESPECIAL (es-pesh'aD, a. 1. Special; particular. 2. Principal; distinguished. ESPECIALLY (es-pesh'al-i), adv. 1. In an especial manner or degree; chiefly; principally; mainly. 2. Particularly. Eskimo. ESPERANTO (es-pe-ran'td), n. An artificial international language, first announced in 1890 by Dr. Zamenhof, of Warsaw, under his pseudonym "Esperanto." [Sp. esperanza, give hope.] ESPIAL (es-pl'al), n, A spying; observation; discovery. ESPIONAGE (es'pi-un-aj), n. Practice or em- ployment of spies; secret watching; spying. [Fr. espionnage.] ESPLANADE (es-pla-nad'), n. Open level space for public walks or drives. [Fr. — L. planus, level.] ESPOUSAL (es-pow'zal), n. 1. Act of espousing or betrothing. 2. Formal contract or celebra- tion of marriage ; frequently used in the plural. 3. Taking i*p or adoption. [O. Fr. espousailles.] ESPOUSE (es-powz'), vt. [pr.p. ESPOUS'ING; p.t. and p.p. ESPOUSED (es-powzd').] 1. Give in marriage; betroth. 2. Take in mar- riage; wed. 3. Embrace; adopt. [O. Fr. espouser — L. sponsus, vowed.] ESPRIT (es-pre'), n. Spirit; liveliness. — Es- prit de corps (es-pre' d'kor'), regard for the character of that body to which one belongs; comradeship. [Fr.] ESPY (es-pi'), v. [pr.p. ESPY'ING; p.t. and p.p. ESPIED (es-pid').] I. vt. 1. Watch or ob- serve closely. 2. Catch sight of; discover unexpectedly. II. vi. Inspect; spy. [O. Fr. espier.] ESQUIMALT (es'ki-malt), n. Seaport, S. E. coast of Vancouver. Esquimau (es'ki-mo), n. [pi. Esquimaux (es'ki-moz).] See ESKIMO. ESQUIRE (es-kwir'), n. 1. Orig. Squire or shield-bearer; attendant on a knight. 2. Title of younger sons of noblemen. 3. [E-] General title of respect. [O. Fr. escuyer—L,. scutum, shield.] ESSAY (es'a), n. 1. Trial; experiment. 2. Written composition; short disquisition. [Fr. essai — L. ex, and ago, lead.] ESSAY (es-sa'), vt. [pr.p. ESSAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. ESSAYED (es-sad').] 1. Try; attempt. 2. Make experiment of; test. ESSAYIST (es'a-ist), n. 1. Writer of essays. 2. One who essays or experiments. EsSEN(es'sen), n. Town, Rhenish Prussia, seat of Krupp's iron works. ESSENCE (es'ens), n. 1. Inner distinctive na- ture; true substance. 2. Characteristic qual- ity or contents. 3. Extracted virtues of a drug. 4. Solution of a volatile or essential oil in alcohol. 5. Perfume. [Fr. — L. es- sentia.] ESSENTIAL (es-sen'shal), I. a. 1. Relating to or containing the essence. 2. Necessary to the existence of a thing; indispensable. 3. Highly rectified; pure. II. n. 1. Something necessary. 2. Fundamental principle. ESSENTIALITY (es-sen-shi-al'1-ti), n. 1. Qual- ity of being essential. 2. An essential part. : ffite, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; u=M in'fecotch gude; oil, owl mite, mit; n5te, not, mSve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ESSENTIALLY 456 ETERNAL > ESSENTIALLY (es-sen'shal-i), adv. 1. In an important degree. 2. In essence. ESSENTIALNESS (es-sen'shal-nes), n. Quality or state of being essential; essentiality. ESTABLISH (es-tab'lish), vt. [pr.p. ESTAB'- LISHING; p.t. and p.p. ESTABLISHED (es- tab'lisht).] 1. Settle or fix. 2. Confirm. 3. Set up in business. 4. Pound; Institute; or- dain. 5. Make good; substantiate. 6. Setup officially and endow, as a church. [O. Fr. es- tablir; from L. stabilio, make firm.] ESTABLISHES, (es-tab'lish-gr), n. One who establishes. ESTABLISHMENT (es-tab'lish-ment), n. 1. Act of establishing. 2. That which is established. ESTATE (es-taf), w. 1. Fixed or established condition. 2. Bank; quality. 3. Property, especially in land. 4. Property left at death. — The three estates, in England, (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, and (3) the commons. — The fourth estate, the journalistic press. [O. Fr. estat — L. status.] ESTEEM (es-tem'), vt. [pr.p. ESTEEM'ING; p.t. and p.p. ESTEEMED (es-temd').] 1. Value. 2. Set a high value on. 3. Have respect for. [Fr. estimer — L. cestimo, value.] SYN. Appraise; appreciate; calculate; estimate; prize; rate; weigh; revere; like; love. ANT. Undervalue; dislike. ESTEEM (es-tem'), n. 1. High estimation or value. 2. Favorable regard. ESTHESIA (es-the'si-a), n. Same as ^ESTHESIA. ESTHETE, ESTHETE (es-thef), n. Dilettante. ESTHETIC, ESTHETIC (es-thet'ik), a. Per- taining to esthetics; artistic. [Gr. aisthetikos, perceptive.] ESTHETICS, AESTHETICS (es-thet'iks), n. 1. The feeling of beauty in objects; the principles of taste and of art. 2. Philosophy of the fine arts. 3. Mwsic.Expression. EsTHONIAN (es-thd'nian), n. 1. Native or inhabi- tant of Esthonia, a gov- ernment of Russia, be- tween gulf of Finland and Livonia. 2. Lan- guage of the Esthonians. ESTIMABLE (es'ti-ma-bl), a. 1. That can be esti- mated. 2. Worthy of es- teem. ESTIMATE (es'ti-mat), vt. [pr.p. ES'TIMATING; p.t. and p.p. ESTIMA- TED.] 1. Judge of the worth, size, quantity, etc., of. 2. Compute or reckon; calculate. (L. cestlmatus, p.p. of wstimo, value.] ESTIMATE (es'ti-mat), n. 1. Valuation based on Incomplete data. 2. Statement of the probable cost of carrying out any work or venture. ESTIMATION (es-ti-ma'shun), n. 1. Estima- ting. 2. Reckoning of value; estimation. 3. Favorable opinion; esteem; honor; regard. Esthonian. ESTIMATIVE (es'ti-ma-tiv), a. 1. Having the power of comparing and adjusting the worth. 2. Formed by, or involving, estimation. ESTIMATOR (es'ti-ma-tur), n. One who esti- mates. ESTIVATION (es-ti-va'shun), n. Bot. The ar- rangement of the parts or leaves in the flower- bud; prefloration. ESTOP (es-top') vt. [pr.p. ESTOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. ESTOPPED (es-topt').] Law. Bar by one's own act. [O. Fr. estoper, stop.] ESTOPPEL (es-top'el), n. Law. Undeniable act or admission. ESTRANGE (es-tranj'>, vt. [pr.p. ESTRAN'- GING; p.t. and p.p. ESTRANGED (es-tranjd').] 1. Make strange; alienate. 2. Divert from its original use or possessor. [O. Fr. estranger; from root of STRANGE.] ESTRANGEMENT (es-tranj'ment), n. Act of estranging or state of being estranged. ESTRAY (es-tra'), n. Stray or unclaimed do- mestic animal. [Fr. estraie.] ESTUARY (es'tu-a-ri), n. Passage where the tide meets the current, as in the mouth of a tidal river. [L. cestuo, boil up, surge.] ETAGERE (a-ta-zhar'), n. Case of shelves; whatnot. [Fr. — etage, story.] ET CETERA (et set'e-ra). And other things; and so forth. [L.] ETCH (ech), v. [pr.p. ETCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. ETCHED (echt).] I. vt. 1. Engrave on metal, glass, etc., by eating out lines with acid. 2. Sketch or draw. II. vi. Practice the art of etching. [Ger. atzen, corrode.] ETCHER (ech'er), n. One who practices the art of etching. ETCHING (ech'ing), n. 1. Engraving by acid. 2. Design produced by acid. 3. Impression from an etched plate. See cuts under EN- GRAVING, HALF-TONE and SCREEN. Eighty-line half-tone etching on copper. ETERNAL (6-ter'nal), I. a. Without beginning or end. II. n. The Eternal; God. [Fr. kernel — L. 03temus.'] SYN. Everlasting; endless; infinite; in- terminable; perpetual; immortal. ANT. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, h§r: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh= ch in Scotch loch. ETERNALLY 457 EUGENICS Ephemeral; transient; temporal; fleeting; mortal. ETERNALLY (e-ter'nal-i), adv. 1. Without ending; forever. 2. Perpetually; constantly. ETERNITY ( e-ter'ni-ti ), n. [pi. ETEK'NI- TIES.] 1. Endless duration. 2. Infinity of time, past or future. 3. Eternal existence beyond the present life. [Fr. etemite; from L. ceternitas; from cetemus, eternal.] ETERNIZE (e-ter'niz), vt. [pr.p. ETER'NIZING; p.t. and p.p. ETERNIZED (e-ter'nizd).] Make eternal; immortalize. ETHER (e'ther), n. 1. Clear, upper air. 2. Subtle medium supposed to fill all space. 3. Light, volatile, inflammable fluid, used as an anaesthetic and as a solvent of fats. [Gr. aither.] ETHEREAL (e-the're-al), a. Consisting of ether; heavenly; extremely delicate; over-refined. ETHEREALIZE (e-the're-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. ETHE'REALIZING; p.t. and p.p. ETHERE- ALIZED (e-the're-al-Izd).] 1. Convert into ether. 2. Render spirit-like. ETHERIZE (e'ther-iz), vt. [pr.p. E'THERIZING; p.t. and p.p. ETHERIZED (e'ther-izd).] 1. Convert into ether. 2. Make insensible by ether. ETHIC (eth'ik), ETHICAL (eth'ik-al), a. Re- lating to morals or duty. [Gr. ethos, custom.] ETHICS (eth'iks), n. Science of duty or moral- ity. ^ Ethiopian (e-thi-o'pi-an), Ethiopic (e-thi- op'lk), a. Pertaining to Ethiopia, countries south of Egypt. [Gr. Aithiopos, sunburnt — aitho, burn, and ops, face.] ETHIOPIAN (e-thl-6'pi-an), n, 1. Native of ancient Ethiopia. 2. Negro. ETHIOPIC (e-thi-op'ik), n. Language of an- cient Ethiopia. ETHNIC (eth'nik), ETHNICAL ( eth'nik-al), a. Relating to races or nations. [Gr. ethnos, na- tion.] ETHNOLOGY (eth-nol'o-ji), n. Science which accounts for racial diversities of mankind. ETHOLOGY (e-thol'o-ji), n. Science of human character. [Gr. ethos, custom, character, and logia, discourse.] ETHYL (eth'll), n. Chem. Hypothetical radical or base in ether and alcohol. [Gr. aither, ether, and hyle, base.] ETIOLATE (e'ti-o-Iat), v. [pr.p. E'TIOLATING; p.t. and p.p. E'TIOLATED.] I. vt. Cause to grow pale from want of light and fresh air. II. vi. Become pale from disease or absence of light. [Fr. etioler, become pale.] ETIOLATION (e-ti-o-la'shun), n. Act of render- ing pale from want of light and air. ETIQUETTE (et-i-kef), n. Forms of ceremony or decorum. [Fr. See TICKET.] ETNA (et'na), MOUNT. Volcano, Sicily. ETNA (et'na), n. Vessel for heating water, etc., at table or in the sick room, in a cup placed in a saucer in which alcohol is burned. [From the volcano, Mount Etna.] ETUDE (a't8d), n. Muate. Varied composition in music arranged for exercises in technique. ETYMOLOGICAL (et-i-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Per- taining to or founded upon etymology. ETYMOLOGIST (et-i-mol'o-jist), n. One skilled in or who writes on etymology. ETYMOLOGY (et-i-mol'o-ji), n. [pi. ETYMOL'- OGIES.] 1. Science of the origin and history of words. 2. History of a word. 3. Part of grammar relating to inflection. [Gr. etymo- logia; from etymon, neut. of etymos, true.] ETYMON (et'i-mon), n. 1. Original element, or root of a word. 2. Original meaning of a word. [Gr. See ETYMOLOGY.] EUCAINE (ti'ka-in), n. Powerful hypodermic anaesthetic. EUCALYPT (u'ka-lipt), EUCALYPTUS (u-ka- lip'tus), n. [pi. EU'CALYPTS, EUCALYP'TI.] Tree of the genus Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus (u-ka- lip'tus), n. Genus of Australian trees of the myrtle family, in- cluding the blue-gum tree of Tasmania {E. globulus), which has been introduced into California with great success. Remarkable for its great height and rapid growth. The timber is hard, easily worked, and very dur- able. [Gr. eu, well, and kalyptos, covered.] EUCHARIST (u'ka-rist), n. I. Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. 2. Consecrated elements of it. [Gr. eucharistia, thanksgiving.] EUCHARISTIC, (u-ka-ris'tik), EUCHARISTIC- AL (u-ka-ris'tik-al), a. Pertaining to the eucharist. EUCHRE (u'ker), n. Game of cards, in which a player who takes up or orders up the trump card must take three tricks or be euchred — have two points scored against him. [Corrup. of Scarte.] EUCHRE (u'ker), vt. [pr.p. EU'CHRING; p.t. and p.p. EUCHRED (u'kerd).] 1. In the game of euchre, to score two points against by preventing the taking of three tricks. 2. Out- wit; defeat. EUDIOMETER (u-di-om'e- t6r), n. Elec. Apparatus for separating the various gases evolved during the process of electrolysis. EUGENICS (ti-jen'iks), n.pl. Research into procreative and generative develop- ment in the human race, as leading to the Branch of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). Eudiometer. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, init; u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, :ch in Scotch loch. EULOGIST 458 EVANGELIC amelioration of the relations of the opposite sexes toward each other. EULOGIST (u'lo-jist), n. One who eulogizes; encomiast; panegyrist. EULOGISTIC (u-lo-jis'tik), a. Containing or expressing eulogy. EULOGIUM (u-16'ji-um), n. A eulogy. [L.L.] EULOGIZE (u'lo-jiz), vt. [pr.p. EU'LOGIZING; p.t. and p.p. EULOGIZED (u'lo-jizd).J Write or speak a eulogy upon; panegyrize. EULOGY (u'lo-ji), n. [pi. EU'LOGIES.] Writing or speech in praise of any person; on account of his character, services, or performances; encomium; panegyric. [Gr. eulogia, praise; from eu, well, and lego, speak.] EUMENIDES (u-men'i-dez), n.pl. Greek Myth. Euphemistic name for the Erinyes or Furies. EUNUCH (u'nuk), n. Emasculated man, espe- cially one employed as oriental chamberlain. [Gr. eunouchos — eune, couch, and echo, have charge of.] EUPEPSIA (u-pep'si-a), EUPEPST (u-pep'si), n. Good digestion ; opposite of DYSPEPSIA. [Gr. ; from eu, well, and pepsis, digestion; from peptd, digest.] EUPEPTIC (u-pep'tik), a. Having good diges- tion. EUPHEMISM (u'fe-mizm), n. Bhet. Figure in which a delicate word or expression is substi- tuted for an offensive one. [Gr. euphemismos; from eu, well, and phemi, speak.] EUPHEMISTIC (u-fe-mis'tik), c. Pertaining to or of the nature of a euphemism. EUPHONIC (u-fon'ik), EUPHONIOUS (u-fo'- ni-us), a. Pertaining to euphony; agreeable in sound. EUPHONY (u'fo-ni), n. 1. Agreeable sound. 2. Pleasing easy pronunciation. [Gr. eu, well, and phone, sound.] EUPHRATES (u-fra'tez), n. River, Asiatic Turkey, joins the Tigris. EUPHROSYNE (u-fros'i-nS), n. Greek Myth. One of the three Graces or Charities. EUPHUISM (u'fu-izm), n. 1. An affected and bombastic style of language. 2. High-flown expression. [From Euphues, a popular book by John Lyly (1579-80); from Gr. euphyes, graceful; from eu, well, and phye, growth.] EUPHUIST (u'fu-ist), n. One given to euphuism. EUPHUISTIC (u-fu-is'tik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of euphuism. EURASIAN (u-ra'shan), I. a. 1. Descended from a European on the one side and an Asiatic on the other. 2. Of or pertaining to Europe and Asia taken as one continent. II. n. One who is born of a European father and Hindu mother. [EUROPE and ASIA.] EUREKA (u-re'ka), inter j. Expression of tri- umph at a discovery. [Gr., I have found (it).] EUROPEAN (u-ro-pe'an), I. a. Belonging to Europe. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Europe. EUROPA (u-rd'pa), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Phoenix, or of Agenor, and mother by Zeus of Minos and Rhadamanthus ; carried over the sea to Crete by Zeus, who assumed the form of a white bull. EUROPE (u'rop), n. Continent, W. of Asia. Area 3,900,000 sq. m. EuRYNOME (u-rin'6-me), n. Greek Myth. Mother of the Graces. EURYSTHEUS (ti-ris'thus), n. Greek Myth. King of Mycenae to whom Herakles (known among the Romans as Hercules) was bound as a vassal, and not released until he had performed the twelve arduous and dan- gerous tasks imposed upon him by the king. EUSTACHIAN (u-sta'ki-an), a. Pertaining to the tube leading from the middle ear to the pharynx, or to the rudimentary valve at the entrance of the inferior vena cava in the heart. [Named from the Italian physician Eustachio (died 1574).] EUTERPEAN (u-ter'pe-an), a. 1. Relating to Euterpe, one of the Muses, who presided over music. 2. Relating to music. EUTHANASIA (u-tha-na'zi-a), n. Easy, tran- quil or painless death. [Gr.] E VACUA-NT (e-vak'u-ant), I. a. Producing evac- uation; purgative. II. n. Purgative medicine; cathartic. EVACUATE (e-vak'u-at), vt. [pr.p. EVACUA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EVACUATED.] 1. Empty; discharge. 2. Withdraw from, as troops from a city or fort. [L. e, out, and vacuo, empty.] EVACUATION (e-vak-ti-a'shun), n. 1. Act of evacuating or emptying out. 2. Act of with- drawing from. 3. That which is evacuated or discharged. EVACUATIVE (e-vak'u-a-tiv), a. Causing or tending to cause evacuation; purgative. EVACUATOR (e-vak'u-a-tur), n. One who evacuates. EVADE (e-vad), vt. [pr.p. EVA 'DING; p.t. and p.p. EVA 'BED.] Escape artfully; avoid cun- ningly. [L. evado — e, out, and vado, go.] EVANESCE (ev-a-nes'), vi. [pr.p. EVANES'- CING; p.t. and p.p. EVANESCED (ev-a-nest').] Fade away; disappear gradually. [L. eva- nesco; from e, out, and vanus, empty.] EVANESCENCE (ev-a-nes'ens), n. 1. Act or process of gradually disappearing. 2. State of being lost to view. EVANESCENT (ev-a-nes'ent), a. 1. Passing away gradually; fading; fleeting. 2. Becom- ing imperceptible. 3. Biol. Unstable. EVANGEL (e-van'jel), n. Good news, especially the gospel. [Gr. euangelion, good tidings; from eu, well, and angello, bring tidings.] EVANGELIC (ev-an-jel'ik), EVANGELICAL (ev-an-jel'ik-aD, a. 1. Contained in the Gos- pels, or four first books of the New Testament. 2. According to the gospel. 3. Fervent and devout. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; nQte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EVANGELIST 459 EVIDENCE EVANGELIST (e-van'jel-ist), n. 1. One of the four writers of the Gospels. 2. Itinerant re- vivalist. EVANGELIZE (e-van'jel-Iz), v. [pr.p. EVAN'- GELIZING; p.t. and p.p. EVANGELIZED (e- van'jel-Izd).] I. vt. Preach or teach the gos- pel to. II. vi. Go about preaching or teach- ing the gospel. EVAPORATE (e-vap'o-rat), v. [pr.p. EVAP'O- BATING; p.t. and p.p. EVAP'ORATED.] I. vi. Fly off in vapor; pass into an invisible state. II. vt. Convert into steam or gas. [L. e, out, and vapor, vapor.] EVAPORATED (e-vap'o-ra-ted), a. Dried in an evaporator, as evaporated apricots. EVAPORATION (e-vap-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of evaporating or state of being evaporated. 2. Process by which a substance changes into the state of vapor. EVAPORATIVE (e-vap'o-ra-tiv), a. 1. Causing or promoting evaporation. 2. Tending or per- taining to evaporation. EVAPORATOR (e-vap'o-ra-tur), n. Apparatus in which fruits are dried or liquids concen- trated. EVASION (e-va'zhun), n. 1. Attempt to escape the force of an argument or accusation. 2. Excuse. EVASIVE (e-va'siv), a. That seeks to evade; not straightforward; shuffling. EVASIVELY (e-va'siv-li), adv. In an evasive manner. EVE (ev), EVEN (e'vn), n. 1. Evening. 2. Night before a day of note. 3. Time just pre- ceding a great event. [A. S. Congressman. [L. and Gr.] EXACERBATE (egz-as'er-bat), vt. [pr.p. EX- ACERBATING; p.t. and p.p. EXACERBA- TED.] 1. Embitter; provoke. 2. Render more violent and severe, as a disease. [L. exacerbatusf from ex, from, and acerbus, bitter.] EXACERBATION (egz-as-er-ba'shun), n. 1. Embitterment. 2. Increase of irritation or violence, especially the increase of a fever or disease. EXACT (egz-akf), a. 1. Precise; proper. 2. Precisely agreeing in amount, number or degree. 3. Strictly correct; accurate. 4. Methodical; particular. [L. exactus, p.p. of exigo, drive out; from ex, out, and ago, drive.] SYN. Accurate; correct; careful; literal; true; strict; scrupulous; punctual. ANT. Inexact; incorrect; inaccurate. EXACT (egz-akf), vt. [pr.p. EXACTING; p.t. and p.p. EXACT'ED.] 1. Force from. 2. Compel full payment of. 3. Demand by means of authority; extort. EXACTING (egz-akt'ing), a. 1. Unreasonable in making demands. 2. Arduous. EXACTION (egz-ak'shun), n. 1. Act of exact- ing. 2. An oppressive demand. 3. That which is exacted, as excessive work or tribute. EXACTITUDE (egz-ak'ti-tud), n. Exactness; correctness. EXACTLY (egz-akt'li), adv. In an exact man- ner; precisely. EXACTNESS (egz-akt'nes), n. Quality of being exact. EXACTOR (egz-akt'ur), n. One who exacts. EXAGGERATE (egz-aj'er-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- AGGERATING; p.t. and p.p. EXAGGER- ATED.] Magnify unduly; overstate. [L. exaggero, heap up.] EXAGGERATION (egz-aj-er-a'shun), n. 1. Extravagant representation. 2. A statement in excess of the truth. EXAGGERATIVE (egz-aj'er-a-tiv), a. Con- taining exaggeration or tending to exaggerate. EXAGGERATOR (egz-aj'6r-a-tfir), n. One who exaggerates. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bun^ ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h.=ch in Scotch loch. EXAGGERATORY 461 EXCEPTIONALLY EXAGGERATORY (egz-aj'er-a-to-ri), a. Ex- aggerative. EXALT (egz-alf), vt. [pr.p. EXALT 'ING; p.t. and p.p. EXALTED.] 1. Raise high. 2. Elate with the joy of success. 3. Praise. 4. Chetn. Refine; subtilize. [L. ex, out, and alius, high.] EXALTATION (egz-al-ta/shun), n. 1. Eleva- tion In rank or dignity. 2. Elation. 3. Astrol. Position of a planet in the zodiac Where it was supposed to wield the greatest Influence. EXALTED (egz-alt'ed), a. Elevated; lofty; dig- nified; sublime. EXAMINATION (egz-am-i-na'shun), n. Act or process of examining or of being examined. SYN. Exploration; inquiry; inquisition; inspection; interrogation; test; investiga- tion; search; research; probing; scrutiny; trial; assay. EXAMINATION-PAPER (egz-am-i-na'shun- pa-p§r), n. Printed or written sheet con- taining questions on different subjects pro- pounded to a person to be answered in order to demonstrate fitness to qualify. EXAMINE (egz-am'in), vt. [pr.p. EXAMINING; p.t. and p.p. EXAMINED (egz-am'ind).] 1. Inspect carefully; investigate; explore; scru- tinize. 2. Question as a witness; interrogate. 3. Test the capabilities, qualification, prog- ress, or fitness of. 4. Assay; analyze. [L. exagmen, tongue of a balance.] SYN. Weigh; ponder; investigate; test; prove; discuss; search. EXAMINER (egz-am'in-er), n. One who ex- amines. EXAMPLE (egz-am'pl), n. 1. Specimen; illus- tration of a rule, etc. 2. Person or thing to be imitated or avoided ; pattern. 3. Warning. 4. Precedent. [Fr. — L. exetnplum; from ex, out, and emptus, p.p. of emo, buy.] SYN. Sample; pattern; model; instance; case; exemplification; type; ideal. EXASPERATE (egz-as'per-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- AS'PERATING; p.t. and p.p. EXASPERATED.] Make very angry. [L. asper, rough.] EXASPERATION (egz-as-per-a'shun), n. 1. Act of exasperating or state of being exasper- ated; provocation; rage. 2. Aggravation, as of a disease. EXCALATE (eks'ka-lat), vt. [pr.p. EX'CA- LATING; p.t. and p.p. EX'CALATED.] Elim- inate or remove from a regular order or series, as opposed to INTERCALATE. EXCALATION (eks-ka-la'shun), n. Act of eliminating from a regular order or series. EXCAVATE (eks'ka-vat), vt. [pr.p. EXCAVA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EX'CAVATED.] Hollow or scoop out. [L. excavatus, p.p. of excavo, hol- low out.] EXCAVATION (eks-ka-va'shun), n. 1. Act of excavating. 2. Hollow or cavity made by excavating. EXCAVATOR (eks'ka-va-tur), n. 1. One who excavates. 2. Machine used for excavating. Ditch Excavator. EXCEED (ek-sed'), v. [pr.p. EXCEEDING; p.t. and p.p. EXCEED 'ED.] I. vt. Go beyond the limit or measure of; surpass; excel. II. vi. Go too far. [L. ex, beyond, and cedo, go.] EXCEEDING (ek-sed'ing), a. Surpassing; ex- traordinary. EXCEEDINGLY (ek-sed'ing-li), adv. Extremely; greatly. EXCEL (ek-sel'), v. [pr.p. EXCEL'LING; p.t. and p.p. EXCELLED (ek-seld').] I. vt. Sur- pass. II. vi. Have good qualities in a high degree; perform very meritorious actions; be superior. [L. excello; from ex, out, and cello, urge.] EXCELLENCE (ek'sel-ens), n. Great merit; excellent quality; greatness. EXCELLENCY (ek'sel-en-si), n. [pi. EX'- CELLENCIES.] Title of honor given to per- sons of high rank or office. EXCELLENT (ek'sel-ent), a. 1. Surpassing others in some good quality. 2. Of great worth, virtue, etc; superior. EXCELLENTLY (ek'sel-ent-li), adv. In an excellent manner or degree. EXCELSIOR (ek-sel'si-ar), I. a. Higher; loftier. II. n. Kind of packing; wood-wool. [L.] EXCEPT (ek-sepf), v. [pr.p. EXCEPTING; p.t. and p.p. EXCEPT'ED.] I. vt. Take or leave out; exclude. II. vi. Object. [L. excepto; from ex, out, and capio, take.] EXCEPT (ek-sepf), prep. Leaving out; exclu- ding; but; excepting. EXCEPTION (ek-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of ex- cepting or state of being excepted. 2. That which is excepted. EXCEPTIONABLE (ek-sep'shun-a-bl), a. Ob- jectionable. EXCEPTIONAL (ek-sep'shun-al), a. Out of the ordinary; unusual; peculiar. EXCEPTIONALLY (ek-sep'shun-al-i), adv. Un- usually; extraordinarily. : fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ■i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. EXCEPTIVE 463 EXCLUSORY EXCEPTIVE (ek-sep'tiv), a. Forming, inclu- ding, or being, an exception. EXCEPTOR (ek-sep'tur), n. One who excepts. EXCERPT (ek-serpf), n. Extract or selection from written or printed matter. [L. excerp- tii s, p.p. of excerpoy pick out; from ex, out, and earpo, pick.] EXCERPT (ek-serpf), vt. [pr.p. EXCERPT'ING; p.U and p.p. EXCERPT 'ED.] Take out; ex- tract; cite. EXCESS (ek-ses'), n. 1. Going beyond what is usual or proper; intemperance. 2. That which exceeds. 3. Degree by which one thing exceeds another. [L. excessus; from excedo, go beyond.] SYN. Increase; superabundance; super- fluity; surplus; overplus; remainder; ex- travagance; intemperance; debauchery; dissipation. ANT. Deficiency; shortcom- ing; insufficiency; temperance. EXCESSIVE (ek-ses'iv), a. Beyond what is right and proper; immoderate. SYN. Exorbitant; overmuch; undue; enormous. ANT. Scant; inadequate; in- sufficient. EXCESSIVELY (ek-ses'iv-li), adv. In an ex- cessive manner. EXCHANGE (eks-chanj'), v. [pr.p. EXCHAN- GING; p.u and p.p. EXCHANGED (eks- chanjd').] I. vt. 1. Give in return for some equivalent or substitute. 2. Give and re- ceive reciprocally; interchange. II. vi. Make an exchange; barter. [O. Fr. eschangier; from L.L. excambio; from ex, out, and cambioy barter.] EXCHANGE (eks-chanj'), n. 1. Act of giving one thing for another; barter. 2. Thing given in return for something received. 3. Receiv- ing or paying of money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order, draft, or bill of exchange. 4. Bill drawn for money; bill of exchange. 5. Place where merchants, brokers, and bankers meet to transact busi- ness (often contracted into 'change). 6. Office to which telephone wires lead in a gen- eral telephone system. 7. Paper or period- ical interchanged by publishers. EXCHANGEABILITY (eks-chanj-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being exchangeable. EXCHANGEABLE (eks-chanj'a-bl), a. 1. That may or can be exchanged. 2. Ratable. EXCHANGER (eks-chan'jer), n. 1. One who exchanges. 2. One who makes a business of exchange. EXCHEQUER (eks-chek'gr), n. 1. In England, superior court of law. 2. Treasury; finances. [O. Fr. eschequiery escheJcler, chess-board.] EXCISE (ek-siz'), n. Tax on certain home com- modities and on licenses for certain trades; specifically, liquor tax. [O. Fr. accfse, tax.] EXCISE (ek-siz'), vt. [pr.p. EXCI'SING; p.t. and p.p. EXCISED (ek-sizd').] Subject to excise duty. EXCISE (ek-siz'), vt. [pr.p. EXCI'SING; p.t. and p.p. EXCISED (ek-sizd').] Cut off or out. [L. excisusy p.p. of excidoy cut out; from ex out, and ccedo, cut.] EXCISEMAN (ek-siz'man), n. {pi. EXCISE'- MEN.] In Great Britian, an officer charged with the duty of collecting the excise. EXCISION (ek-slzh'un), n. 1. Cutting out or off; extirpation. 2. Excommunication. EXCITABILITY (ek-sl-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being excitable; irritability. EXCITABLE (ek-si'ta-bl), a. Easily excited. EXCITANT (ek-si'tant), n. Stimulant. EXCITATION (ek-si-ta'shun), n. Act of ex- citing or state of being excited; excitement. EXCITE (ek-sif), vt. [pr.p. EXCITING; p.t. and p.p. EXCI'TED.] Call into activity; stir up; rouse; irritate; stimulate; energize. [L. ex, out, and cito, rouse.] SYN. Incite; waken; animate; arouse; inflame; kindle; raise; create; disturb; agi- tate; discompose; provoke. ANT. Allay; soothe; alleviate; mitigate; moderate; ap- pease; pacify. EXCITEMENT (ek-sit'ment), n. 1. Act of ex- citing or state of being excited. 2. That which excites. 3. Med. State of abnormal activity or stimulation. SYN. Agitation; perturbation; commo- tion; irritation; passion; warmth; stimu- lus; incitement; motive. ANT. Calmness; placidity; passiveness. EXCITER (ek-si'ter), n. 1. One who or that which excites. 2. Elec. Stimulant for the generation of electric currents. EXCITING (ek-si'ting), a. Stimulating into action; rousing. EXCLAIM (eks-klam'), v. [pr.p. EXCLAIM'ING; p.t. and p.p. EXCLAIMED (eks-klamd').] I. vt. Cry or call out loudly. II. vi. Utter or speak vehemently. [L. exclamo; from ex t out, and clamo, cry.] EXCLAMATION (eks-kla-ma'shun), n. 1. Ve- hement utterance; outcry. 2. Uttered ex- pression of surprise, and the like. 3. Mark (!) expressing this. EXCLAMATORY (eks-klam'a-to-ri), o. Con- taining or expressing exclamation. EXCLUDE (eks-klod'), vt. [pr.p. EXCLU'DING; p.t. and p.p. EXCLU'DED.] Shut out; thrust out; hinder from entrance or participation; except. [L. ea?, out, and claudoy shut.] EXCLUSION (eks-klo'zhun), n. Shutting or putting out; ejection; exception. EXCLUSIVE (eks-kia'siv), a. 1. Able or tending to exclude. 2. Excluding from consideration. 3. Inclined to exclude others from fellowship; narrow. EXCLUSIVELY (eks-klo'siv-li), adv. In an exclusive manner. EXCLUSIVENESS (eks-klo'siv-nes), n. Quality or state of being exclusive, EXCLUSORY (eks-klo'so-ri), a. Exclusive. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mi*; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh^c^ in Scotch loch. EXCOGITATE EXECUTE EXCOGITATE (eks-koj'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. EXCOG'- ITATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCOG'ITATED.] Think out; invent. [L. exeogitatusf from ex. out, and cogito, think.] EXCOGITATION (eks-koj-i-ta'shun), n. Con- trivance; invention. EXCOMMUNICATE (eks-kom-mu'ni-kat), vt. [pr.p. EXCOMMUNICATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCOMMU'NICATED.] Expel from the com- munion of a church. [L. ex, out, and com- munis, common.] EXCOMMUNICATION (eks-kom-mu-ni-ka'- shun), n. Act of expelling from the com- munion of a church. EXCORIATE (eks-ko'ri-at), vt. [pr.p. EXCO'RIA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EXCO'RIATED.] 1. Strip the skin from; flay. 2. Castigate or chastise verbally. [L. corium, skin.] EXCORIATION (eks-ko-ri-a'shun), n. Act of excoriating or state of being excoriated. EXCORTICATE (eks-kar'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. EXCOR'TICATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCORTI- CATED.] Peel or strip off the skin or bark of. [Ii. ex, off, and cortex, cork.] EXCREMENT (eks'kre-ment), n. Matter dis- charged from the animal system; dung. [L. excerno, separate.] EXCRESCENCE (eks-kres'ens), n. That which grows out unnaturally; wart; tumor; super- fluous part. [L. ex, out, and cresco, grow.] EXCRESCENT (eks-kres'ent), a. Growing out or upon something else in an unnatural manner; superfluous. EXCRETA (eks-kre'ta), n. Refuse matter eject- ed from the animal system. [L. excerno, separate.] EXCRETE (eks-kref), vt. [pr.p. EXCRE'TING; p.t. and p.p. EXCRE'TED.] Discharge or eject from the animal system. [L. excretus, p.p. of excerno, separate.] EXCRETION (eks-kre'shun), n. 1. Act of ex- creting. 2. That which is excreted. EXCRETIVE (eks-kre'tiv), a. Capable of ex- creting. EXCRETORY (eks'kre-to-ri), I. a. Having the quality of excreting. II. n. A duct that helps to receive and excrete matter. EXCRUCIATE (eks-kro'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- CRUCIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCRU'CIATED.] Torture; rack. [L. ex, out, and crux, cross.] EXCRUCIATING (eks-kro'shi-a-ting), a. Ex- tremely painful; racking; agonizing. EXCRUCIATION (eks-kro-shi-a'shun), n. Ex- treme pain; torture. EXCULPATE (eks-kul'pat), vt. [pr.p. EXCUL- PATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCULPATED.] Clear from a charge; acquit. [L. ex, from, and culpa, guilt.] SYN. Exonerate; absolve; excuse; justify; acquit; clear; vindicate. ANT. Charge; implicate; inculpate. EXCULPATION (eks-kul-pa'shun), n. Act of exculpating. EXCULPATORY (eks-kul'pa-t6-ri), o. Tending to exculpate. EXCURRENT (eks-kur'ent), a. Bot. Branch- ing; applied to trees in which the trunk ex- tends through to the summit, as in the oak. [L. excurrens, pr.p. of excurro, run out — ex, out, and curro, run.] EXCURSION (eks-kur'shun), n. 1. Trip for pleasure or health. 2. Wandering from the main subject. [L. excursio; from ex, out, and curro, cur sum, run.] EXCURSIONAL (eks-kur'shun-al), a. Of or per- taining to an excursion. EXCURSIONIST (eks-kur'shun-ist), n. One who goes on an excursion. EXCURSIVE (eks-kur'siv), a. Rambling; de- viating. EXCURSIVELY (eks-kur'siv-li), adv. In an ex- cursive manner. EXCURSIVENESS (eks-kur'siv-nes), n. Quality of being excursive. EXCURSUS (eks-kur'sus), n. Dissertation on some particular point appended to a book or chapter. [L.] EXCUSABLE (eks-ku'za-bl), a. Admitting of excuse, or worthy of being excused. EXCUSATORY (eks-ku'za-to-ri), a. Making or containing excuse. EXCUSE (eks-kuz'), vt. [pr.p. EXCU'SING; p.t. and p.p. EXCUSED (eks-kuzd').] 1. Free from blame, guilt or obligation. 2. Make an apology, or ask pardon for. 3. Dispense with. 4. Serve as an excuse for; justify. 5. Regard with favor or indulgence. [Fr. excuser; from L. excuso, free from a charge.] SYN. Forgive; pardon; justify; tolerate; overlook. ANT. Charge; inculpate; con- demn; sentence; accuse. EXCUSE (eks-kus'), n. 1. Act of excusing. 2. Plea offered in extenuation of a fault. 3. Reason for being excused. 4. Pretended ground or reason; pretext. SYN. Apology; plea; defense; justifica- tion; alleviation; mitigation; palliation; extenuation; pretext; pretense; makeshift; acquittal; release; absolution. ANT. Ac- cusation; charge; complaint; condemna- tion. EXECRABLE (eks'e-kra-bl), a. Deserving ex- ecration; detestable; accursed. EXECRABLY (eks'e-kra-bli), adv. In an ex- ecrable manner. EXECRATE (eks'e-krat), vt. [pr.p. EX'ECRA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EX'ECRATED.] Curse; imprecate evil upon; detest utterly. EXECRATION (eks-e-kra'shun), n. 1. Act of execrating. 2. Curse. 3. That which is execrated. EXECUTE (eks'e-kut), vt. [pr.p. EX'ECUTING; p.t. and p.p. EX'ECUTED.] 1. Perform; give effect to. 2. Sign and deliver, as a lease. 3. Put to death by law. [Fr. exicuter — L. ex, out, and sequor, follow.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. EXE CUTER 464 EXHIBITION EXECUTES (eks'e-ku-ter), n. One who exe- cutes or performs. See EXECUTOR. EXECUTION (eks-e-ku'shun), n. 1. Executing; accomplishment; completion. 2. Carrying into effect the sentence of a court of law. 3. Putting to death by law; destruction. 4. Warrant for so doing. 5. Act of signing, sealing and delivering a legal document. EXECUTIONER (eks-e-ku'shun-er),n. One who inflicts capital punishment. EXECUTIVE (egz-ek'u-tiv), I. a. Having the quality or function of executing. II. n. Officer or body charged with the execution of the laws. EXECUTOR (egz-ek'u-tflr), n. [fern. EXECU- TRIX or EXEC'UTRESS.] 1. One who executes or performs; doer. 2. Person appointed by a testator to execute his will. EXECUTORY (egz-ek'u-to-ri), a. 1. Executive; administrative. 2. Designed to be carried into effect. EXEGESIS (eks-e-jg'sis), n. [pi. EXEGESES (eks-e-je'sez).] Interpretation, especially of the Scriptures. [Gr.] EXEGETE (eks'e-jet), n. Person skilled in exegesis; exegetist. EXEGETIC (eks-e-jet'ik), EXEGETICAL (eks- e-jet'ik-al), a. Pertaining to exegesis; ex- planatory. EXEGETICS (eks-e-jet'iks), n. Science of exegesis. EXEGETIST (eks-e-je'tist), n. One skilled in exegetics. EXEMPLAR (egz-em'plar), n. Model; original; pattern to be copied or Imitated. EXEMPLARY (egz'em-pla-ri), a. Worthy of imitation; commendable. EXEMPLIFICATION (egz-em-pli-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of exemplifying. 2. That which ex- emplifies. EXEMPLIFY (egz-em'pli-fi), vt. [pr.p. EXEM'- PLIFYING; p.U and p.p. EXEMPLIFIED (egz- em'pli-fid).] 1. Illustrate by example. 2. Make an attested copy of. 3. Prove by an attested copy. [L. exemplum, example, and facio, make.] EXEMPT (egz-empf), vt. [pr.p. EXEMPTING; p.t. and p.p. EXEMP'TED.] Free, or grant immunity to (with from). [L. eximo, take out; from ex, out, and emo, take.] EXEMPT (egz-empf), a. Not liable to; released; free from some affliction, duty, burden, or imposition, to which others are subject. SYN. Free; immune; unamenable. ANT. Subject; liable; amenable. EXEMPTIBLE (egz-emp'ti-bl), a. That may or can be exempted. EXEMPTION (egz-emp'shun), n. Act of ex- empting or state of being exempt; im- munity. EXEQUATUR (eks-e-kwa'tur), n. 1. Official recognition of a consul by the foreign govern- ment. 2. Official approval. EXEQUIES (eks'e-kwlz), n.pl. Funeral pro- cession; ceremonies of burial. [L.] EXERCISE (eks'er-siz), n. 1. Putting in prac- tice. 2. Exertion for health or amusement. 3. Performance of a ceremony or religious service. 4. Discipline. 5. Lesson; task. [L. exerceo; from ex, out, and arceo, shut up.] EXERCISE (eks'6r-slz), v. [pr.p. EX'ERCISING; p.t. and p.p. EXERCISED (eks'Sr-sizd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to act; exert; employ. 2. Carry out in action; keep at. 3. Perform the duties of; fulfill. 4. Train by use or practice. 5. Practice the use of. 6. Cause to take exer- cise. 7. Make anxious or solicitous. II. vi. Take exercise; practice. SYN. Practice; train; cultivate; develop; instruct; teach. ANT. Rest; ease; relax. EXERT (egz-erf), vt. [pr.p. EXERT'ING; p.t. and p.p. EXERT'ED.j 1. Bring into active operation. 2. Do; perform. [L. ex, out and aero, put together.] EXERTION (egz-er'shun), n. A bringing Into active operation; effort; attempt. EXERTIVE ( egz-erf iv), o. Having the power or tending to exert; using exertion. EXEUNT (eks'e-unt). They go out. [L.] EXFOLIATE (eks-fo'li-at), vi. [pr.p. EXFO'- LIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXFO'LIATED.] Peel off into strips or flakes. EXHALATION (eks-ha-la'shun), n. 1. Act or process of exhaling. 2. That which is ex- haled; vapor; steam. EXHALE (eks-hal'), vt. [pr.p. EXHA'LING; p.t. and p.p. EXHALED (eks-hald').] Emit or send out as vapor; evaporate. [Fr. exholer — L. ex, out, and halo, breathe.] EXHAUST (egz-asf), vt. [pr.p. EXHAUSTING; p.t. and p.p. EXHAUST'ED.] 1. Draw out the whole of; empty. 2. Use the whole strength of; tire out. 3. Treat of or develop completely. [L. ex, out, and haurio, draw.] EXHAUSTER (egz-ast'er), n. One who or that which exhausts. EXHAUSTIBILITY (egz-ast-i-bM'i-ti), n. Qual- ity of being exhaustible. EXHAUSTIBLE (egz-ast'i-bl), o. That may or can be exhausted. EXHAUSTION (egz-as'chun), n. 1. Act of ex- hausting. 2. State of being exhausted. EXHAUSTIVE (egz-ast'iv), a. Tending to ex- haust. EXHAUSTIVELY (egz-ast'iv-li), adv. In an exhaustive manner. EXHAUSTLESS (egz-ast'les), a. That cannot be exhausted. EXHIBIT (egz-ib'it), vt. [pr.p. EXHIBITING; p.t. and p.p. EXHIB'ITED.] Show; present to view. [L. ex, out, and habeo, have.] EXHIBIT (egz-ib'it), n. I. Something exhib- ited. 2. Voucher. 3. Law. Document pro- duced in court to be used as evidence. EXHIBITION (eks-hi-bish'un), n. 1. Presenta- tion to view; display. 2. Public show, espe- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. bum, n=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. EXHILARANT 465 EXPANDER daily of works of art, manufactures, ete. 3. That which is exhibited. EXHILARANT (egz-il'a-rant), a. Exhilarating; exciting mirth or pleasure. EXHILARATE (egz-il'a-rat), vt. [pr.p. EX- HIL'ARATING;p.t. and p.p.EXHIL'ARATED.] Make merry; enliven; cheer. [L. exhilaratus, p.p. of exhilaro, gladden — ex, out, and hilaro, make merry — hilaris, cheerful.] EXHILARATION (egz-il-a-ra'shun), n. State of being exhilarated. EXHORT (egz-arf), vt. [pr.p. EXHORT'ING; p.U and p.p. EXHORT 'ED.] Urge strongly to good deeds, especially by words of advice. [L. ex, out, and hortor, urge.] EXHORTATION (eks-ar-ta/shun), n . 1. Act of exhorting. 2. Language used in exhorting. EXHORTATIVE (egz-art'a-tiv), a. 1. Contain- ing exhortation. 2. Tending to exhort. EXHORT ATORY (egz-art'a-to-ri), a. Of the nature of an exhortation. EXHORTER (egz-art'Sr), n. One who exhorts. EXHUMATION (eks-hu-ma'shun), n. Act of disinterring. EXHUME(eks-hum'), vt.[pr.p. EXHUMING; p.t. and p.p. EXHUMED (eks-humd').] Disinter. [L. ex, from, and humus ground.] EXIGENCY (eks'i-jen-si), EXIGENCE (eks'l- Jens), n. [pi. EXIGENCIES.] 1. State of being urgent or exigent. 2. A pressing necessity; emergency. [L. ex, out, and ago, drive.] SYN. Urgency; pressure; crisis; con- Juncture. ANT. Provision; preparation; course; rule. EXIGENT (eks'i-Jent), a. Demanding Imme- diate attention or action; pressing; urgent. [L. exigens; pr.p. of exigo, demand, exact.] EXIGUOUS (egz-ig'u-us), a. Small; slender. [L. exiguus; from exigo, exact.] EXILE (eks'il), n. 1. Banishment; state of being expelled from one's native country. 2, Separation from one's country and friends by distress or necessity. 3. Person banished or separated from his country. [O. Fr. exil; from L. exilium, banishment; from ex, out of, and, solum, soil.] EXILE (eks'il), vt. [pr.p. EX'ILING; p.t. and p.p. EXILED (eks'ild).] Expel from one's native country; banish. EXIST (egz-isf), vi. [pr.p. EXIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. EXIST'ED.] Have an actual being; live; continue to be. [L. existo; from ex, out, and sisto, make to stand.] EXISTENCE (egz-ist'ens), n. 1. State of being; continued being; life. 2. Anything that exists ; a being. EXISTENT (egz-ist'ent), a. Having existence. EXIT (eks'it), n. 1. Leaving the stage. 2. Any departure; death. 3. Passage out. [L., lit- erally, he goes out.] EXO-, prefix. Without; outside. [Gr.] EXODUS (eks'o-dus), n. Going out; departure, especially of the Israelites from Egypt. [L. L. ; from Gr. exodos; from ex, out, and hodos, way.] EX OFFICIO (eks of-flsh'i-6). By virtue of the office. [L.] EXOGEN (eks'o-jen), n. Plant increasing by layers growing on the outside of the wood. [EXO- and -GEN.] EXOGENOUS (eks-oj'e-nus), a. Growing by successive additions to the outside. EXONERATE (egz-on'er-at), vt. [pr.p. EXON- ERATING; p.t. and p.p. EXONERATED.] Relieve of, as a charge or responsibility. [L. ex, from, and onero, load.] EXONERATION (egz-on-er-a'shun), n. Act of exonerating. EXONERATIVE (egz-on'6r-a-tiv), a. Tending to exonerate. EXORABLE (eks'o-ra-bl), a. That may or can be moved by entreaty. [L. ex, out, and oro, pray.] EXORBITANCE (egz-ar'bi-tans), EXORBI- TANCY (egz-ar'bi-tan-si), n. Extravagance; enormity. [L. exorbitans, pr.p. of exorbito, go out of the track; from ex, out of, and orbita, track; from orbis, circle.] EXORBITANT (egz-ar'bi-tant), a. Going be- yond the usual limit; excessive. EXORBITANTLY (egz-ar'bi-tant-li), adv. In an exorbitant manner. EXORCISE (eks'ar-siz), vt. [pr.p. EX'ORCISING; p.t. and p.p. EXORCISED (eks'ar-slzed).] 1. Cast out (a devil) by conjuration. 2. Deliver from the Influence of an evil spirit. [Gr. exorkixd, administer an oath; from ex, out, and horkos, oath.] EXORCISER (eks'ar-si-zer), EXORCIST (eks'- ar-sist), n. One who exorcises. EXORCISM (eks'ar-sizm), n. 1. Act of ex- orcising. 2. Formula for exorcising. EXORDIAL (egz-ar'di-aD, a. Pertaining to the exordium; Introductory. EXORDIUM (egz-ar'di-um), n. Introductory part of a discourse or composition. [L. ex, out, and ordior, begin.] EXOTERIC (eks-o-ter'ik), EXOTERICAL (eks- o-ter'ik-al), a. External; public; opposed to ESOTERIC. [Gr. exdterikos; from exo, outside.] EXOTIC (eks-ot'ik), I. a. Introduced from a foreign country; opposite of INDIGENOUS. II. n. Anything of foreign origin. [Gr. ex- otikos; from exd, outside.] EXPAND (eks-pand'), v. [pr.p. EXPANDING; p.t. and p.p. EXPAND 'ED.] I. vt. Spread out, open or lay open; enlarge in bulk or sur- face. II. vi. Become opened; enlarge. [L. ex, out, and pando, spread.] EXPAN DER (eks-pand'Sr), n. 1. One who or that which expands. 2. Mach. Device used to expand boiler tubes to fit them into the end plates of a boiler. Expander. Site, fat, task, sir, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, W=u in'bcotcli gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EXPANSE 466 EXPERIENCE ! EXPANSE (eks-pans'), n. 1. Wide extent. 2. Extensive area. EXPANSIBILITY (eks-pan-si-bil'i-ti), n. Capa- bility of being expanded. EXPANSIBLE (eks-pan'si-bl), a. Capable of being extended. EXPANSILE (eks-pan'sil), a. Capable of ex- pansion. EXPANSION (eks-pan'shun), n. 1. Enlarge- ment; extension of space or territory, as ter- ritorial expansion. EXPANSIONIST (eks-pan'shun-ist), n. One who believes in colonial or territorial acquisitions, especially in relation to extension of the United States domain. EXPANSIVE (eks-pan'siv), a. 1. Having the power or property of expanding. 2. Having the property or quality of becoming expanded. 3. Expanding. EXPANSIVELY (eks-pan'siv-li), adv. In an expansive manner. EXPANSIVENESS (eks-pan'siv-nes), n. Quality of being expansive. EX PARTE (eks par'te). Proceeding only from one part or side of a matter in question; one-sided; partial. [L.] EXPATIATE (eks-pa'shi-at), vi. [pr.p. EXPA'- TIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPATIATED.] Range at large; enlarge; descant. [L. ex, out, and spatium, space.] EXPATIATION (eks-pa-shi-a'shun), n. Act of expatiating. EXPATIATOR (eks-pa'shi-a-tur), n. One who expatiates. EXPATRIATE (eks-pa'tri-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- PATRIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPATRIATED.] Send out of one's native country; banish; exile. [L. ex, out, and patria, fatherland.] EXPATRIATION (eks-pa-tri-a'shun), n. Act of expatriating; exile, voluntary or com- pulsory. EXPECT (eks-pekf), vt. [pr.p. EXPECTING; p.t. and p.p. EXPECT'ED.] Look for; look forward to, as something about to happen; anticipate; hope. [L. expecto; from ex, out, and specto, look.] SYN. Abide; foresee; contemplate; cal- culate; watch; forestall; reckon; prepare. ANT. Miscalculate; surprise; startle; electrify; stun; astonish; stagger. EXPECTANCE (eks-pekt'ans), EXPECTANCY (eks-pekt'an-si), n. 1. Act or state of expect- ing. 2. That which is expected. EXPECTANT (eks-pekt'ant), a. Looking or waiting for. EXPECTATION (eks-pek-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of looking forward to an event as about to hap- pen. 2. That which is expected. 3. Pros- pect of future good, as of possessions, wealth, and the like — usually in the plural. EXPECTORANT (eks-pek'to-rant), n. Medicine inducing expectoration. EXPECTORATE (eks-pek'to-rat), v. [pr.p. EX- PECTORATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPECTO- RATED.] I. vt. Expel from the throat or lungs by coughing, etc. II. vi. Discharge oi eject phlegm from the throat. {L. ex, out, and pectus, breast.] EXPECTORATION (eks-pek-to-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of expectorating. 2. That which is ex- pectorated. EXPECTORATIVE (eks-pek'to-ra-tiv), a. Hav- ing the quality of promoting expectoration. EXPEDIENCE (eks-pe'di-ens), EXPEDIENCY (eks-pe'di-en-si), n. Fitness; desirableness. EXPEDIENT (eks-pe'di-ent), I. a. Suitable; advisable. II. n. That which serves to pro- mote; means suitable to an end; contrivance. [L. See EXPEDITE.] EXPEDIENTLY (eks-pe'di-ent-li), adv. In an expedient manner. EXPEDITE (eks'pe-dit), vt. [pr.p. EXPEDI- TING; p.t. and p.p. EX'PEDITED.] Free from impediments; hasten; send forth. [L. expeditus, p.p. of expedio; from ex, out, and pes, pedis, foot.] SYN. Quicken; accelerate; hasten; urge; speed; promote; despatch; facilitate. ANT. Delay; retard; hinder; impede. EXPEDITION (eks-pe-dish'un), n. I. A setting out upon a voyage, or similar undertaking, by a number of persons. 2. Those who form an expedition. 3. Promptness; despatch. EXPEDITIOUS (eks-pe-dish'us), a. Character- ized by rapidity and efficiency; quick. SYN. Prompt; speedy; quick. ANT. Slow; tardy; lazy; procrastinating; dilatory. EXPEDITIOUSLY (eks-pe-dish'us-li), adv. In an expeditious manner. EXPEL (eks-pel), vt. [pr.p. EXPEL'LING; p.t. and p.p. EXPELLED (eks-peld').] 1. Drive, force, or thrust out. 2. Keep out; exclude. [L. ex, out, and petto, drive.] EXPEND (eks-pendO, vt. [pr.p. EXPENDING; p.t. and p.p. EXPEND'ED.] Lay out; spend. [L. expendo; from ex, out, and pendo, weigh.] EXPENDITURE (eks-pend'i-tur), ». Disburse- ment; expense. EXPENSE (eks-pens'), n. Outlay; cost; charge. [L. expensum; from expendo, expend.] EXPENSIVE (eks-pen'siv), a. 1. Causing or requiring much expense. 2. Extravagant. EXPENSIVELY (eks-pen'siv-li), adv. In an expensive manner. EXPENSIVENESS (eks-pen'siv-nes), n. Costli- ness; extravagance. EXPERIENCE (eks-pe'ri-ens), n. 1. Personal observation or trial. 2. Knowledge gained from life. [L. experientia; from ex, out, and peritus, experienced.] EXPERIENCE (eks-pe'ri-ens), vt. [pr.p. EX- PERIENCING; p.t. and p.p. EXPERIENCED (eks-pe'ri-enst).] Become practically acquaint- ed with; prove; try; test; feel; go through; train by practice. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me\ met, her; m!te, mit; note, not. move, wolf: il=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch lock. mute, hut, burn, EXPERIENCED 467 EXPLORATION EXPERIENCED (eks-pg'ri-enst), «. Taught by experience; skillful; wise. EXPERIENTIAL (eks-pe-ri-en'shal), a. De- rived from experience; empirical. EXPERIMENT (eks-per'i-ment), n. Something done to prove some theory or to discover something unknown; trial; practical test. [L. experimentum; from experior, try.] EXPERIMENT (eks-per'i-ment), vi. [pr.p. EX- PERIMENTING; p.t. and p.p. EXPERI- MENTED.] Make trial or test; make experi- ments. EXPERIMENTAL (eks-per-i-men'tal), a. 1. Founded upon or known by experiment. 2. Taught by experience. 3. Tentative. EXPERIMENTALLY (eks-per-i-men'tal-i), adv. By way of experiment. EXPERT (eks-perf), a. Experienced; taught by practice; skillful. [L. expertus, p.p. of experior, try.] EXPERT (eks'pert), n. 1. One who has special skill in any particular art, trade, science, or profession. 2. Law. Skilled witness whose evidence is accepted on points pertaining to his profession or trade. EXPERTLY (eks-pert'li), adv. In an expert manner. EXPERTNESS (eks-pert'nes), n. Quality of being expert, EXPIABLE (eks'pi-a-bl), a. Capable of being expiated. EXPIATE (eks'pi-at), vt. [pr.p. EX'PIATING; p.t. and p.p. EX'PIATED.] Atone for; make reparation for. [L. expiatus, p.p. of expio, atone for fully.] EXPIATION (eks-pi-a'shun), n. Act or means of expiating. EXPIATOR (eks'pi-a-tur), n. One who expiates. EXPIATORY (eks'pi-a-td-ri), a. Having the power to make expiation or atonement. EXPIRABLE (eks-plr'a-bl), a. That may ex- pire or come to an end. EXPIRANT (eks-pir'ant), n. One expiring. EXPIRATION (eks-pi-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of breathing out. 2. Cessation; close; termina- tion. 3. That which is expired; sound made in respiration. EXPIRATOR (eks-pir'a-tur), n. One who or that which expires. EXPIRATORY (eks-plr'a-to-ri), a. Pertain- ing to expiration, or the emission of the breath. EXPIRE (eks-pir'), v. [pr.p. EXPIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. EXPIRED (eks-pird').] I. vt. Breathe out; emit from the lungs. II. vi. Breathe out the breath of life; die; come to an end. [L. ex, out, and spiro, breathe.] EXPIRY (eks'pir-i), n. Expiration. EXPLAIN (eks-plan'), v. [pr.p. EXPLAINING; p.t. and p.p. EXPLAINED (eks-pland').] I. vt. Make plain; unfold the meaning of. II. vi. Give an explanation. [L. ex, out, and planus, plain.] SYN. Elucidate; expound; teaeh; Illus- trate. ANT. Obscure; mystify; misinterpret. EXPLAINABLE (eks-plan'a-bl), a. Capable of being explained. EXPLANATION (eks-pla-na'shun), n. 1. Act of explaining or clearing from obscurity. 2. That which explains or clears up. 3. Meaning or sense given to anything. 4. Mutual clear- ing up of misunderstandings. EXPLANATIVE ( eks-plan 'a-tiv), a . Explana- tory. EXPLANATORILY (eks-plan'a-to-ri-li), adv. In an explanatory manner. EXPLANATORY (eks-plan'a-to-ri), a. Serving to explain; containing explanations. EXPLETIVE (eks'ple-tiv), I. o. Added to fill a vacancy; superfluous. II. n. 1. Interjected superfluous expression. 2. Word in a foreign language, for which the English has no equiv- alent and which may be disregarded in trans- lating. [Fr. — L. ex, out, and pleo, fill.] EXPLICABLE (eks'pli-ka-bl), o. Capable of being explicated or explained. EXPLICATE (eks-pli-kat), v. [pr.p. EXPLICA- TING; p.t. and p.r. EXPLICATED.] I. vt. Explain. II. vi. Give an explanation. [L. explicatus, p.p of explieo, unfold. See EX- PLICIT.] EXPLICATION (eks-pli-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of explicating or explaining. 2. Explanation. EXPLICATIVE (eks'pll-ka-tiv), EXPLICATORY (eks'pli-ka-td-ri), a. Serving to explicate or explain. EXPLICATOR (eks'pli-ka-tur), n. One who ex- plicates or explains. EXPLICIT (eks-plis'it), a. Not obscure or am- biguous; distinctly stated. [L. explieitus; from explieo, unfold; from ex, out, and plico, fold.] SYN. Clear; categorical. ANT. Implicit; implied; suggestive. EXPLICITLY (eks-plis 'it-li), adv. Plainly; ex- pressly; clearly. EXPLICITNESS (eks-plis'it-nes), n. Quality of being explicit. EXPLODE (eks-plod'), v. [pr.p. EXPLO 'DING; p.t. and p.p. EXPLO'DED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to burst with a loud report. 2. Cause to be re- jected or exposed as a fallacy. II. vi. 1. Burst with a loud report. 2. Burst Into laughter. [L. explodo, drive out by clapping; from ex, out, and plaudo, applaud. 1 EXPLOIT (eks-ploif), n. Heroic act; great achievement. [Fr. ; from L. explicitum, a thing settled; from explieo, unfold.] EXPLOIT (eks-ploif), vt. [pr.p. EXPLOITING; p.t. and p.p. EXPLOIT'ED.] 1. Make use of to one's own advantage. 2. Work, as a mine or land. 3. Descant upon; recount at length. EXPLOITATION (eks-ploi-ta'shun), n. Act of exploiting. EXPLORATION (eks-pld-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of exploring. 2. Act of exploiting. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EXPLORATIVE 168 EXPRESS-TRAIN EXPLORATIVE (eks-plor'a-tivj, a. Tending to exploration; exploratory. EXPLORATORY (eks-plor'a-td-ri), a. Per- taining to exploration, or serving to explore. EXPLORE (eks-plor), v. [pr.p. EXPLORING; p.t. and p.p. EXPLORED (eks-plord).] I. vt. Search through for the purpose of discovery; examine thoroughly. II. vi. Make explora- tions; investigate; search. [L. exploro, ex- amine; from ex, out, and ploro, cry out.] EXPLORER (eks-plor'er), n. One who explores. EXPLORING (eks-plor'ing), a. Employed in or intended for exploration. EXPLOSION (eks-plo'zhun), n. 1. Act of ex- ploding. 2. Sudden violent hurst with a loud report. [L. explosio; from explosus, p.p. of explodo. See EXPLODE.] EXPLOSIVE (eks-plo'siv), I. a. 1. Liable to or causing explosion. 2. Bursting out with violence and noise. II. n. 1. Explosive sub- stance, as dynamite. 2. Sound of an ex- ploding nature, as p,t,k. EXPLOSIVELY (eks'plo'siv-li), adv. In an ex- plosive manner. EXPLOSIVENESS (eks-plo'siv-nes), n. Quality of being explosive. EXPONENT (eks-po'nent), n. 1. He who, or that which points out, or represents. 2. Alg. Figure which shows how often a quan- tity is to be multiplied by itself, as in a 3 . [L. exponens; from ex, out, and pono, place.] EXPORT (eks-porf), vt. [pr.p. EXPORTING; p.t. and p.p. EXPORTED.] Carry or send out of a country, as goods in commerce. [L. exporto; from ex, out, and potto, carry.] EXPORT (eks'port), n. 1. Act of exporting. 2. That which is exported. EXPORTABLE (eks-port'a-bl), a. That can or may be exported. EXPORTATION (eks-por-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of exporting. 2. Export commodity. EXPORTER (eks-port'er), n. One who ex- ports.^ EXPOSE (eks-poz'), vt. [pr.p. EXPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. EXPOSED (eks-pozd').] 1. Place or lay forth to view. 2. Deprive of cover, pro- tection, or shelter; make bare; disclose. 3. Make liable to. [Fr. exposer — L. ex, out, and positus, laid.] EXPOSE (eks-po-za')» n. Exposure; formal disclosure. [Fr.] EXPOSITION (eks-po-zish'un), n. 1. Public exhibition. 2. Act of expounding; explanation. EXPOSITOR (eks-poz'i-tiir), n. Interpreter. EXPOSITORY (eks-poz'i-to-ri), a. Serving to expound; explanatory. EX POST FACTO (eks post fak'to). By or from an after act. — Ex post facto law, a law which has a retrospective effect. [L.] EXPOSTULATE (eks-pos'tu-lat), vi. [pr.p. EX- POSTULATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPOSTU- LATED.] Reason earnestly; remonstrate. [L. ex, from, and postulo, demand.] EXPOSTULATION (eks-pos-tu-la'shun), n. Act of expostulating; remonstrance. EXPOSTULATOR (eks-pos'tu-la-tur), n. One who expostulates. EXPOSTULATORY (eks-pos'tu-la-td-ri), a. Containing expostulation. EXPOSURE (eks-po'zhor), n. 1. Act of exposing. 2. State of being laid open or bare. 3. Open- ness to danger. [EXPOSE and -UBE.] EXPOUND (eks-pownd'), vt. [pr.p. EXPOUND '- ING; p.t. and p.p. EXPOUND'ED.] Lay open the meaning of; explain. [L. ex, out, and pono, place.] EXPOUNDER (eks-pownd'er), n. One who ex- pounds. EXPRESS (eks-pres'), vt. [pr.p. EXPRESSING; p.t. and p.p. EXPRESSED (eks-prest').] 1. Press or force out. 2. Represent or make known by a likeness or by words. 3. Declare. 4. Send by special conveyance, as an express company. [L. expressus, p.p. of exprimo, press out; from ex, out, and premo, press.] EXPRESS (eks-pres'), I. a. 1. Expressed in plain or direct language; not ambiguous; plain; clear; explicit. 2. Traveling at a special speed, as an express train. 3. Pertaining to or sent by regular and quick conveyance. 4. Exactly representing. II. n. 1. Messenger or conveyance sent on a special errand. 2. Regular and quick conveyance. 3. Message sent by express. 4. Express train. SYN. See EXPLICIT. EXPRESSAGE (eks-pres'aj), n. 1. System or business of carrying by express. 2. Charge for carrying or sending by express. EXPRESSIBLE (eks-pres'i-bl), a. That may or can be expressed. EXPRESSION (eks-presh'un), n. 1. Act of expressing or forcing out. 2. Act of repre- senting or giving utterance to. 3. Faithful and vivid representation by language, art, the features, etc. 4. That which is expressed; look; language; picture, etc. 5. Manner in which anything is expressed. 6. Tone of voice or sound in music. EXPRESSIVE (eks-pres'iv), a. 1. Serving to express, utter, or represent. 2. Full of ex- pression; vividly representing the mean- ing or feeling intended to be conveyed; em- phatical. EXPRESSIVELY ( eks-pres 'iv-li), adv. In an expressive manner. EXPRESSIVENESS (eks-pres'iv-nes), n. Qual- ity of being expressive. EXPRESSLY ( eks-pres 'li), adv. In an express, direct, or pointed manner; of set purpose; in direct terms; plainly. EXPRESSMAN (eks-pres'man), n. [pi. EX- PRESS'MEN.] 1. Employee of express com- pany who handles or cares for express-matter. 2. Driver of an express-wagon. EXPRESS-TRAIN (eks-pres'tran), n. Fast railway train making few stops. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. EXPROPRIATION 469 EXTERNALITY EXPROPRIATION (eks-pro-pri-a'shun), n. Deprivation of rights or property. EXPULSION (eks-pul'shun), n. Act of expelling or state of being expelled. [L. expulsio. See EXPEL.] EXPULSIVE (eks-pul'slv), a. Able or serving to expel. EXPUNGE (eks-punj'), vt. [pr.p. EXPUN'GING; p.t. and p.p. EXPUNGED (eks-punjd').] Wipe out; efface. [L. ex, out, and pungo, prick.] SYN. Blot out; erase; obliterate; cancel. ANT. Write; delineate; mark; trace. EXPURGATE (eks-pur'gat or eks'piir-gat), vt. [pr.p. EXPURGATING; p.t. and p.p. EX- PUR'GATED.] Purify from anything noxious or erroneous. [L. ex, out, and purgo, purge ; from purus, pure.] EXPURGATION (eks-pur-ga'shun), n. Act of expurgating. EXPURGATOR (eks'pur-ga-tfir), n. One who expurgates. EXPURGATORY (eks-pur'ga-to-ri), a. Tending to expurgate. EXQUISITE (eks'kwi-zit), a. 1. Choice; select; nice; exact; excellent. 2. Of keen or delicate perception; of great discrimination. 3. Pleas- urable or painful in the highest degree; ex- ceeding; extreme; keen; poignant. [L. ex- quisitus, p.p. of exquiro, search out.] EXQUISITELY (eks'kwi-zit-li), adv. In an ex- quisite manner. EXTANT (eks'tant), a. Still existing. [L. ex, out, and stans, standing.] EXTEMPORANEOUS ( eks-tem-po-ra'ne-us ) , EXTEMPORARY (eks-tem'po-ra-ri), a. Done on the spur of the moment or without prepa- ration; offhand. EXTEMPORANEOUSLY (eks-tem-po-ra'ne-us- 11), adv. In an extemporaneous manner. EXTEMPORARY (eks-tem'po-ra-ri), a. 1. Extemporaneous. 2. Made or done for the time or occasion. EXTEMPORE (eks-tem'po-re), I. a. Extem- poraneous. II. adv. Extemporaneously. III. n. Extemporary composition or speech. [L. ex, from, and tempus, temporis, time.] EXTEMPORIZATION (eks-tem-po-ri-za'shun), n. Act of extemporizing. EXTEMPORIZE (eks-tem'po-rlz), v. [pr.p. EXTEM'PORIZING; p.t. and p.p. EXTEM- PORIZED (eks-tem'po-rizd).] I. vt. 1. Utter, perform, or compose extemporaneously. 2. Provide offhand. II. vi. Speak, or compose and perform offhand. EXTEMPORIZER (eks-tem'po-ri-zSr), ». One who extemporizes. EXTEND (eks-tendO, v. [pr.p. EXTENDING; p.t. and p.p. EXTEND 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Stretch out; prolong in any direction; enlarge; widen. 2. Hold out. 3. Bestow; impart. II. vi. Stretch; reach. [L. ex, out, and tendo, stretch.] EXTENDED (eks-tend'ed), a. Having exten- sion; extensive. — Extended letter, type having a face broader than is usual with a letter of its height. EXTENDER (eks-tend'er), n. One who or that which extends. EXTENDIBLE (eks-tend'i-bl), a. That may or can be extended. EXTENSIBLE (eks-ten'si-bl), EXTENSILE (eks- ten'sil), a. That may be extended. EXTENSION (eks-ten'shun), n. 1. Extending; stretching; enlargement; addition; expansion. 2. Property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space. 3. Pulling a broken bone to reset the fractured parts. 4. Time allow- ance to a debtor. EXTENSIVE (eks-ten'siv), a. Large; compre- hensive. EXTENSIVELY (eks-ten'siv-li), adv. To a great extent; widely; largely; freely. EXTENSIVENESS (eks-ten'siv-nes), n. Quality or state of being extensive. EXTENSOR (eks-ten'sur), n. Muscle that serves to straighten or extend. [L.] EXTENT (eks-tenf), n. Space or degree to which a thing is extended; size; proportion. EXTENUATE (eks-ten'u-at), v. [pr.p. EXTEN'- UATING; p.t. and p.p. EXTEN'UATED.] I. vt. 1. Make thin; diminish. 2. Weaken the force of; palliate; mitigate. II. vi. Become slender or attenuated. SYN. See PALLIATE. EXTENUATION (eks-ten-u-a'shun), n. Mitiga- tion; palliation. EXTERIOR (eks-te'ri-ur), I. a. Outward; on or from the outside; foreign. II. n. Outward part or surface; outward form or deportment; appearance. [L., comp. of exterus, exter, out- side; from ex, out.] EXTERMINABLE (eks-ter'mi-na-bl), a. That can be exterminated. EXTERMINATE (eks-ter'mi-nat), vt. [pr.p. EXTERMINATING; p.t. and p.p. EXTER'- MINATED.] 1. Destroy utterly; extirpate. 2. Root out; eradicate. [L. ex, out, and ter- minus, boundary*] EXTERMINATION (eks-ter-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act or process of exterminating. 2. Com- plete destruction or extirpation. EXTERMINATIVE (eks-ter'mi-na-tiv), I. o. Serving or tending to exterminate. II. n. That which exterminates. EXTERMINATOR (eks-ter'mi-na-ttir), n. One who or that which exterminates or destroys. EXTERN (eks-ternO, n. 1. Student or pupil who does not reside at the school or college he attends; day-scholar. 2. Treatment of cases by hospital attendance at the house of pa- tients. [L. externus; from ex, out.] EXTERNAL (eks-t6r'naD, I. «• 1* Exterior; out- ward. 2. Not innate; not intrinsic. 3. For- eign. II. w. 1. External part, form, or char- acteristic. 2. Outward rite or ceremony. EXTERNALITY (eks-ter-nal'i-ti), n. External character. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, h§r; mite, mlt; n5te, not, m&ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. EXTERNALLY 470 EXTRAVASATION EXTERNALLY (eks-tSr'nal-i), adv. Outwardly. EXTINCT (eks-tingkf), a. Put out; no longer existing; dead. [L. extinctus, p.p. of extinguo. See EXTINGUISH.] EXTINCTION (eks-tingk'shun), n. 1. Act of putting out of existence. 2. State of being destroyed or suppressed. EXTINGUISH (eks-ting'gwish), vt. [pr.p. EX- TINGUISHING; p.t. and p.p. EXTIN- GUISHED (eks-ting'gwisht).] 1. Quench. 2. Destroy. 3. Eclipse. [L. extinguo; from ex, out, and stinguo, quench.] SYN. Abolish; destroy; extirpate; eradi- cate; quench; annihilate; kill. ANT. Im- plant; cherish; propagate. EXTINGUISHABLE (eks-ting'gwish-a-bl), a. That may or can be extinguished. EXTINGUISHMENT (eks-ting'gwish-ment), n. Extinction. EXTIRPABLE (eks-ter'pa-bl), a. Capable of being extirpated. EXTIRPATE (eks'ter-pat), vt. [pr.p. EXTIR- PATING; p.t. and p.p. EX'TIRPATED.] Root out; destroy totally; exterminate. [L. ex- tirpatus, p.p. of extirpo; from ex, out, and stirps, root.] EXTIRPATION (eks-ter-pa'shun), n. Extermi- nation; total destruction. EXTIRPATOR (eks'ter-pa-tur), n. One who extirpates ; exterminator. EXTIRPATOR Y (eks-ter'pa-to-ri), a. Serving or tending to extirpate. EXTOL (eks-tol'), vt. [pr.p. EXTOL'LING; p.t. and p.p. EXTOLLED (eks-told').] Hold up to admiration; praise; glorify; laud. [L. extollo, raise up; from ex, out, and tollo, raise.] SYN. See PRAISE. EXTOLLER (eks-tol'er), n. One who extols. EXTORT (eks-tarf), vt. [pr.p. EXTORT'ING; p.t. and p.p. EXTORT'ED.] Obtain by force, menace, torture, or illegal means. [L. ex- tortus, p.p. of extorqueo, twist out; from ex, out, and torqueo, twist.] EXTORTER (eks-tart'er), n. Extortioner. EXTORTION (eks-tar'shun), n. 1. Illegal or oppressive exaction. 2. That which is extorted. EXTORTIONARY (eks-tar'shun-a-ri), a. Per- taining to or implying extortion. EXTORTIONATE (eks-tar'shun-at), a. Char- acterized by extortion; oppressive. EXTORTIONER (eks-tar'shun-er), n. One who practices extortion. EXTRA (eks'tra), I. a. More than needed or usual. II. n. Additional thing, especially an edition of a newspaper at an unusual hour. III. adv. Unusually. [Probably an abbreviation for EXTRAORDINARY.] EXTRA-, prefix. Besides; outside; beyond. [L. extra, without.] EXTRACT (eks-trakf), vt. [pr.p. EXTRACT'- ING; p.t. and p.p. EXTRACT'ED.] 1. Draw out. 2. Select; quote. 3. Distill. [L. ex, out, and traho, draw.] EXTRACT (eks'trakt), n. 1. Anything drawn from a substance by heat, distillation, etc., as an essence. 2. Passage taken from a book or writing. EXTRACTABLE (eks-trakt'a-bl), EXTRA CT- IBLE (eks-trakt'i-bl), a. That may or can be extracted. EXTRACTION (eks-trak'shun), n. 1. Drawing out. 2. Derivation from a stock or family. 3. That which is extracted. EXTRACTIVE (eks-trakt'iv), I. a. Tending or serving to extract. II. n. Extract. EXTRACTOR (eks-trakt'ur), n. One who or that which extracts. EXTRADITABLE (eks-tra-di'ta-bl), a. 1. Lia- ble to extradition. 2. Warranting extradition. EXTRADITE (eks'tra-dit), vt. [pr.p. EXTRA- DITING; p.t. and p.p. EXTRADITED.] De- liver or give up, as a criminal to another government. [L. ex, from, and trado, hand over.] EXTRADITION (eks-tra-dish'un), n. A de- livering up by one government to another of a fugitive from justice. [L. ex, from, and traditio, a handing over; from trado. See EXTRADITE.] EXTRADOS (eks-tra'dos), n. Arch. Convex surface of an arch or vault. [Fr.] EXTRAJUDICIAL (eks-tra-jo-dish'al), a. Be- yond or out of the ordinary course of judicial duty or process. [EXTRA- and JUDICIAL.] EXTRAMUNDANE (eks-tra-mun'dan), a. Be- yond the limits of the material world. EXTRAMURAL (eks-tra-mu'ral), a. Beyond or outside of the walls or boundaries of a place. EXTRANEOUS (eks-tra'ne-us), a. Foreign; not belonging to a thing. [L. extraneus, ex- ternal.] EXTRANEOUSLY (eks-tra'ne-us-li), adv. In an extraneous manner. EXTRAORDINARILY (eks-trar'di-na-ri-li), adv. In an extraordinary manner. EXTRAORDINARY (eks-trar'di-na-ri), I. a. Beyond the ordinary; not usual or regular; wonderful; special. II. n. That which is out of the ordinary. [L. extra, outside, and ordo, order.] EXTRAVAGANCE (eks-trav'a-gans), EXTRAV- AGANCY (eks-trav'a-gan-si), n. Irregularity; excess; wildness; lavish expenditure. [L. ex- tra, beyond, and vagans, wandering.] EXTRAVAGANT (eks-trav'a-gant), a. 1. restrained. 2. Wasteful; prodigal. 3. ceeding due bounds. EXTRAVAGANTLY (eks-trav'a-gant-li), In an extravagant manner. EXTRAVAGANZA (eks-trav-a-gan'za), n. Wild and irregular composition. 2. flight of the imagination. [It.] EXTRAVASATION (eks-trav-a-sa'shun), n. Med. Effusion of blood caused by shock or rupture. Un- Ex- adv. 1. Wild fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w hi' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. EXTREME 471 EYRY EXTREME (eks-tr3m'), I. a. 1. Outermost; ut- most; furthest; at the utmost point, edge, or border. 2. Worst or best that can exist or be supposed. 3. Greatest; most violent or urgent; utmost in degree. 4. Last; beyond which there is none. 5. Holding the strong- est possible views; ultra. II. n. 1. That which terminates a body; extremity. 2. Ut- most possible limit or degree; either of two states or feelings as different from each other as possible. 3. Math. Either of two terms beginning and ending a series. [L. extremus, superl. of exter, on the outside.] EXTREMELY (eks-trem'li), adv. In an ex- treme manner. EXTREMIST (eks-tre'mist), n. One who holds extreme views. EXTREMITY (eks-trem'i-ti), n. [pi. EXTREM- ITIES.] 1. Utmost point or portion. 2. High- est degree. 3. Greatest necessity or peril. 4. [pi.] The hands and feet. SYN. Terminal; end; termination; bor- der; verge; extreme; necessity. ANT. Be- ginning; commencement; body; center. EXTRICABLE (eks'tri-ka-bl), a. That may or can be extricated. EXTRICATE (eks'tri-kat), vt. [pr.p. EX'TRI- CATING; p.t. and p.p. EX'TRICATED.] Free from hindrances. [L. extrico; from ex, out, and tricae, hindrances.] EXTRICATION (eks-tri-ka'shun), n. Act or process of extricating; disentanglement; disengagement. EXTRINSIC (eks-trin'sik), EXTRINSICAL (eks- trin'sik-al), a. Foreign; not essential; op- posed to INTRINSIC. [L. extrinsecus; from exter, outside, and secus, beside.] EXTRINSICALLY (eks-trin'sik-al-i), adv. In an extrinsic manner. EXTRUDE (eks-trod'), vt. [pr.p. EXTRU'- DING; p.t. and p.p. EXTRUDED.] Force or urge out; expel. [L. extrudo; from ex, out, and trudo, thrust.] EXTRUSION (eks-tro'zhun), n. Act or process of extruding. EXUBERANCE (eks-u'ber-ans), EXUBERAN- CY (eks-u'ber-an-si), n. Quality of being exuberant. EXUBERANT (eks-u'ber-ant), a. Plenteous over- flowing. [L. exuberans, pr. p. of exubero, be luxuriant; from ex, out, and ubero, bear fruit.] EXUBERANTLY (eks-u'ber-ant-li), adv. In an exuberant manner or degree. EXUDATION (eks-u-da'shun), n. 1. Act of exuding. 2. That which is exuded. EXUDE (eks-ud'), v. [pr.p. EXU'DING; p.t. and p.p. EXU'DED.] I. vt. Discharge through pores or incisions, as sweat, moisture, etc. II. vi. Flow out of a body, as through the pores. [L. exudo; ex, out, and sudo, sweat.] EXULT (egz-ulf), vi. [pr.p. EXULTING; p.t. and p.p. EXULT'ED.] Rejoice exceedingly; triumph. [L. exulto, freq. of exsilio, leap up.] 1. Exulting. 2. Rapturous In an ex- EXULTANT (egz-ult'ant), a. Triumphant. EXULTATION (egz-ul-ta'shun), n. delight; transport. EXULTINGLY (egz-ult'ing-li), adv. ulting manner. EXUVI^ (egz-u'vi-e), n.pl. 1. Skins, shells, or other coverings of animals. 2. Fossil remains of animals. [L. exuo, take off.] EXUVIAL (egz-u'vi-al), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of exuviae. EXUVIATE (egz-u'vi-at), vi. [pr.p. EXU'VIA- TING; p.t. and p.p. EXUVIATED.] Lay aside an old covering or condition for a new one; slough; molt. EXUVIATION (egz-u-vi-a'shun), n. Act of exuviating. EYE (i), n. [pi. EYES (iz).] 1. Organ of sight or vision. 2. Power of seeing; sight. 3. Regard; aim; observation. 4. Anything re- sembling an eye, as the hole of a needle, loop for a hook, etc. 5. Watchful care; Divisions of the eye. oversight. [A. S. edge.] EYE (i), vt. [pr.p. EY'ING or EYE'ING; p.t. and p.p. EYED (id).] 1. Gaze at; observe closely. 2. Make an eyelet in. EYEBALL (i'bal), n. Globe or apple of the eye. EYEBROW (I'brow), n. Arch above the eye. EYE-CUP (I'kup), n. Glass cup shaped to the eye to facilitate medical treatment. EYEGLASS (i'glas), n. 1. Glass lens to improve sight. 2. Eyepiece of an optical instrument, telescope, etc. 3. Eye-cup. EYEHOLE (i'hol), n. Eyelet; opening to receive a thread, hook, etc. EYELASH (i'lash), n. 1. Line of hairs that edges the eyelid. 2. One of these hairs. EYELESS (i'les), a. Without eyes or sight. EYELET (I'let), n. Eyehole. EYELID (i'lid), n. Cover of the eye. EYEPIECE (i'pes), n. Lens or combination of lenses at the eye end of a telescope or optical instrument. EYESIGHT (I'sit), n. Power of seeing. EYESORE (i'sor), n. Something offensive to the eye. EYESTONE (I'ston), n. Small calcareous body which, being put in the inner corner of the eye, works its way out at the outer corner, bring- ing with it any foreign substance. EYETOOTH (i'toth), n. Tooth in the upper Jaw next the grinders. EYEWITNESS (I'wit-nes), n. One who sees a thing done. [A. S. edge.] EYRY, EYRIE (e'ri or a'ri), n. Same as AERIE. fate- fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me\ met, n8r; mite, mit; nSte, not, m5ve, wolf; mtit», hut, burn, " il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 47^ FACTIOUSNESS > f (ef), n. [pi. F'S (efs).] Sixth letter and fourth consonant in the English alphabet. It is a labiodental, formed by the emission of breath be- tween the lower lip and the upper teeth, as in far, chaff. In the word of and most of its compounds, as hereof, where- of, etc., it has the sound of v. Gh and ph are its equivalents, as in laugh, olograph. FA (fa), n. Music. Fourth or F note in the scale. FABACEOUS (fa-ba'shus), a. Bot. Like a bean; leguminous. FABIAN (fa'bi-an), a. Procrastinating; dilatory. [From the delaying policy of Quintus Fabius Maximus in Roman history.] FABLE ((fa'bl), n. 1. Invented story, intended to instruct or amuse. 2. Plot of a poem. 3. Falsehood. [L. fabula — fari, speak.] SYN. Fiction; error; fabrication; legend. ANT. Truth; veracity. FABLE (fa'bl), v. [pr.p. FA'BLING; p.t. and p.p. FABLED (fa'bld).] I. vt. Tell or narrate fictitiously; fabricate. II. vi. 1. Compose or write fables or fiction. 2. Tell untruths ; fib. FABLED (fa'bld), o. Mythical, as fabled gods. FABLER (fa'bler), n. 1. Writer or narrator of fiction or fables. 2. Falsifier; fibber. FABRIC (fab'rik), n. 1. Workmanship; texture. 2. Anything framed by art and labor; building. 3. Manufactured cloth. [L. fabrica; from faber, worker.] FABRICATE (fab'ri-kat), vt. [pr.p. FABRICA- TING; p.t. and p.p. FAB'RICATED.] 1. Put together; manufacture. 2. Produce. 3. Devise falsely. [L. fabricatus, p.p. of fabricor, con- struct.] FABRICATION (fab-ri-ka'shun), n. 1. Con- struction; manufacture. 2. That which is fabricated or invented. 3. Falsehood. FABRICATOR (fab'ri-ka-tur), w. 1. One who constructs, builds, frames, or makes. 2. One who invents or devises falsely. FABULIST (fab'u-list), n. One who invents fables. FABULOUS (fab'u-lus), a. 1. Fictitious; in- vented. 2. Exceeding the bounds of probabil- ity or reason. FACADE (fa-sad'), n. Arch. Face or front of a building. [Fr. — L. fades, face.] FACE (fas), n. 1. Visible forepart of the head. 2. Outside appearance; front; surface; plane. 3. Cast of features; look. 4. Boldness; pres- ence. 5. Exact amount stated in a note, bill, etc. 6. Edge of a cutting tool, etc. 7. A dis- tortion of the features. 8. Print. Surface of type from which the impression is taken. [Fr. face; from L. fades, face.] FACE (fas), v. [pr.p. FA'CING; p.t. and p.p. FACED (fast).] I. vt. 1. Meet in the front; stand opposite to; resist. 2. Put an additional face or edge on. 3. Cover in front. 4. Smooth Facial Angle. the surface of. II. vi. Turn the face; stand or be placed with the face set in any given direction. FACER (fa'ser), n. 1. One who puts on a bold face or front. 2. Mach. Device attached to a lathe or other machine for the purpose of smoothing or planing a rough surface. FACET (fas'et), n. 1. Small surface, as of a diamond. 2. One of the parts composing the surface of an insect's eye, as of the fly. [Fr. facette, dim. of face.] FACETIAE (fa-se'shi-e), n.pl. Witty sayings or writings. [L.] FACETIOUS (fa-se'shus), a. Witty; humorous; jocose. FACETIOUSLY (fa-se'shus-li), adv. In a face- tious manner. FACETIOUSNESS (fa-se'shus-nes), n. Quality of being facetious. FACIAL (fa'shi-al), a. Pertaining to the face. — Facial angle, angle of two lines, one from the promi- nent point of the forehead to the front edge of the upper jaw bone, the other from the latter point through the center of the ear-opening. FACIES (fa'shi-ez), n. 1. Face; features. 2. Bot. General appearance of a plant. FACILE (fas'il), a. 1. Easily persuaded; yielding. 2. Easy of access; courteous. 3. Easy. 4. Ready; quick. [L. facilis, easy.] FACILITATE (fa-sil'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. FACIL'- ITATING; p.t. and p.\ Make easy. FACILITY (fa-sil'i-ti), n. 1. Absence of difficulties, iness to be persuaded Advantage; means. SYN. Ease; dexterity; complaisance; ex- pertness; pliancy; affability; condescension. ANT. Labor; effort; difficulty. FACING (fa/sing), n. Covering in front for orna- ment or protection. FACKELTANZ (fak'l-tants), n. Torchlight dance in polonaise rhythm. [Ger.] FACSIMILE (fak-sim'i-le), I. n. [pi. FACSIMILES (fak-sim'i-lez).] Exact copy. II. a. Ex- actly corresponding. [L., make like.] FACT (fakt), n. 1. Deed; thing done. 2. Reality; truth. [L. factum.] FACTION (fak'shun), n. 1. Clique in opposition to the party or government. 2. Party dissen- sion. [L. f actio.] FACTIOUS (fak'shus), a. Turbulent; disloyal; seditious. [L. factiosus.] FACTIOUSLY (fak'shus-li), adv. In a factious manner. FACTIOUSNESS (fak'shus-nes), n. Quality of being factious. >. FACII/ITATED.] [pi. FACILITIES.] 2. Skill. 3. Read- or approached. 4. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FACTITIOUS 473 FAIR FACTITIOUS (fak-tish'us), a. Made by art; artificial. [L. factitius.] SYN. Artificial; affected; euphulstic; conventional; finical. ANT. Natural; un- affected; genuine; pure. FACTOR (fak'tur), n. 1. One who buys and sells goods for others. 2. One of two or more quantities, which, multiplied together, form a product. 3. One of the circumstances or causes that produce a result. [L.; from f actus, p.p. of facio, make.] FACTOR (fak'tur), v. [pr.p. FACTORING; p.U and p.p. FACTORED (fak'turd).] I. vt. 1. Act as a factor for. 2. Math. Resolve into its factors. II. vi. Math. Be divided, or divisible, into factors. FACTORIAL (fak-to'ri-al), a. Of or pertaining to a factor or a factory'. FACTORY (fak'tur-i), n. [pi. FACTORIES.] 1. Manufactory; building for manufacturing. 2. Business place of a factor, especially in eastern countries. FACTOTUM (fak-to'tum), n. Person employed to do all kinds of work. [L., do all.] FACUL^E (fak'u-le), n.pl. Astron. Certain spots sometimes seen on the sun's disk, which appear brighter than the rest of its surface. [L. facula, dim. of fax, torch.] FACULTATIVE (fak'ul-ta-tiv), a. 1. Bestow- ing right or power. 2. Bot. Optional or incidental. FACULTY (fak'ul-ti), n. [pi. FACULTIES.] 1. Facility or power to act. 2. Power of the mind; personal quality or endowment. 3. Privilege; license. 4. Body of men to whom a privilege is granted; members of a pro- fession. 5. Body of teachers. [L. facultas — facilis, easy.] FAD (fad), n. Weak hobby; popular whim. [Fr. fade, insipid.] FADDIST (fad'ist), n. One who is a slave to some fad. FADDLE (fad'l), n. Nonsense; usually in Fiddle-F addle. FADE (fad), v. [pr.p. FA'DING; p.U and p.p. FA'DED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to grow dull or in- distinct in color. 2. Cause to lose freshness, strength or vigor. II. vi. 1. Become dim or indistinct. 2. Gradually vanish or disappear. 3. Lose the color and freshness of youth. [O. Fr. fader; from fade, pale, weak.] FADELESS (fad'les), a. That cannot fade; unfading. FADING (fa 'ding), n. Bot. Withering, without immediately falling away. F^CAL, FECAL (fe'kal), a. Of or pertaining to faeces. FAECES, FECES (fe'sez), n.pl. Grounds; sedi- ment; excrement. [L., pi. of f&x.] F.-ECULA (fek'u-la), n. Same as FECULA. [L.] FAG (fag), v. [pr.p. FAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. FAGGED (fagd).] I. vt. 1. Tire out by labor; exhaust; weary. 2. Use as a fag. II. vi. 1. Become weary or tired out. 2. Work as a drudge. [Probably from FLAG, to droop.] FAG (fag), n. 1. One who labors like a drudge; school-boy forced to do menial offices for one older. 2. Fatiguing piece of work. FAG-END (fag'end), n. 1. End of a web of cloth that hangs loose. 2, Untwisted end of a rope. 3. The refuse or meaner part of any- thing. FAGOT (fag'ut), n. Bundle of sticks used for fuel. [Fr.] FAGOTT (Ger. fa-got'), FAGOTTO (It. fa-got'td), n. Music, Bassoon. FAHRENHEIT (fa'ren-hit), a. Noting the ther- mometer-scale so graduated, that the freezing point is marked 32°, and the boiling 212°. [After Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, a native of Dantsic, Germany, who made the first quick- silver thermometer in 1720.] FAIENCE (fa-i-angs'), n. Sort of fine earthen- ware glazed and painted. [Fr. — Faenza, a city in Italy.] FAIL (fal), v. [pr.p, FAIL'ING; p.U and p.p. FADLED (fald).] I. vt. Be wanting to; for- sake; disappoint. II. vi. 1. Fall short or be wanting. 2. Fall away; decay. 3. Waste away; become extinct; perish. 4. Become insolvent or bankrupt. 5. Be inoperative; prove a failure. [Fr. faillir; from L. fallo 9 deceive, err.] FAILING (fal'ing), n. 1. Fault; weakness. 2. Bankruptcy. FAILURE (fal 'fir), n. 1. Falling short; cessa- tion. 2. Omission. 3. Decay. 4. Want of success. 5. Bankruptcy. FAIN (fan), I. a. 1. Glad; joyful. 2. Inclined; content; compelled. II. adv. Gladly. [A. S. fcegen.] FAINT (fant), vi. [pr.p. FAINT 'ING; p.U and p.p. FAINT'ED.] 1. Swoon. 2. Lose cour- age or spirit; despond. 3. Grow less visible; vanish. [Fr. feindre, feign.] FAINT (fant), a. 1. Wanting in strength; weak; feeble. 2. Dejected; depressed; dispirited. 3. Not well-defined; not bright or vivid. 4. Wanting in loudness; not loud or distinct. 5. Timid; fearful. [Fr. feint, p.p. of feindre 9 feign.] FAINT (fant), n. 1. Swoon. 2. Faint-colored line in writing-paper. FAINTISH (fant'ish), a. Slightly faint. FAINTLY (fant'Ii), adv. 1. Feebly; languidly. 2. Indistinctly. FAINTNESS (fant'nes), n. Quality of being faint. FAIR (far), a, 1. Bright; clear; free from blem- ish; pure. 2. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful. 3. Free from a dark hue ; light. 4. Free from clouds or rain. 5. Favorable. 6. Unobstructed; open. 7. Prosperous. 8. Frank; Just; im- partial. 9. Moderate. [A. S. faiger.] SYN. Spotless; unblemished; just; hon- orable; equitable. ANT. Lowering; dull; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, M-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. FAIR 474 FALLACY > foul; ugly; homely; unfair; dishonorable; fraudulent. FAIR (far), n. One of the fair sex; fair one. — The fair, fair sex; women. FAIR (far), n. 1. Market. 2. Festival with sale of wares, exhibition of products, etc. [L. fericBi holidays, vacation.] FAIRLEADER (far'led-er), n. Naut. Device of wood or metal used on board ship to prevent running gear or ropes from fouling. FAIRLY (far'li), adv. In a fair manner. FAIRNESS (far'nes), n. Quality of being fair. FAIRY (far'i), n. [pi. FAIR'IES.] Imaginary being, said to assume a human form (usually diminutive), and to influence the fate of man. [From FAY.] FAIRY-RING (far'i-ring), n. Bot. Circular patch of moss which gradually disappears leaving the grass much greener than ordi- narily. FAIT ACCOMPLI (fat ak-kang'ple) . Consum- mated deal, event, or fact. [Fr.] FAITH (fath), I. n. 1. Trust; confidence; belief in moral truth. 2. Belief in the truth of re- vealed religion. 3. That which is believed; system; belief. 4. Fidelity to promise; hon- esty. 5. Word of honor pledged. II. inter j. Upon my word; honestly. [O. Fr. feid — L. fides.] FAITH-CURE (fath'kur), n. Physical cure effected solely by faith in prayer. FAITHFUL (fath'foD, a. 1. Full of faith; be- lieving. 2. Firm in adherence to promises, duty, allegiance, etc.; loyal. 3. Conformable to truth. 4. Worthy of belief; truthful. 5. True; exact. SYN. Trustful; firm; attached; close; consistent. ANT. False; faithless; fickle; untrue; capricious; inexact. FAITHFULLY (fath'fQl-i), adv. In a faithful manner. FAITHFULNESS (fath'fQl-nes), n. Quality of being faithful. FAITHLESS (fath'les), a. 1. Without faith; not believing. 2. Not adhering to promises or allegiance. FAKE (fak), n. Single coil or turn of a rope. [Sw. veck, fold.] FAKE (fak), vt. [pr.p. FA'KING; p.U and p.p. FAKED (fakd).] Coil or fold, as a rope. FAKE (fak), vt. [pr.p. FA'KING; p.U and p.p. FAKED (fakd).] 1. Cover up or conceal de- fects of, in order to deceive. 2. Cheat; de- fraud. 3. Steal. 4. Fabricate or contrive falsely. [Etym. doubtful; probably from L. /ocio, make.] FAKE (fak), n. Sham or deceit; false report. FAKER (fa'ker), n. 1. One who fakes. 2. Street vendor of small wares; peddler; fakir. FAKIR (fa'ker), n. 1. Religious mendicant in India. 2. Street vendor; faker. [Ar. fakhar, poor.] FALCATE (fal'kat), a. Bot. Resembling a Falcon (Falco peregrinus). scythe or sickle; hooked. [L. falcatus. curved, bent.] FALCHION (fal'chun), n. Short crooked sword. [L. falx, sickle.] FALCON (fa'kn), n. Bird of prey, formerly used for hunting. [O. Fr. faucon; from L. falx, hook or sickle.] FALCONER (fa'kn-er), One who sports with, who breeds and trains falcons or hawks for taking wild fowls. FALCONRY (fa'kn-ri), n. 1. Art of training falcons to pursue and attack wild fowl or game. 2. Sport of hunting with falcons ; hawking. FALD-STOOL (fald'stol), n. Combined desk and stool used in churches for praying. [O. Fr. faldestoel, folding stool.] FALL (fal), vi. [pr.p. FALL'ING; p.t. FELL; p.p. FALLEN (fal'n).] 1. Drop down; descend by the force of gravity; become prostrate. 2. Sink as if dead; vanish; die away. 3. Lose strength; decline in power, wealth, value, or reputation. 4. Sink into sin; depart from the faith. 5. Pass into another state, as sleep, love, etc. 6. Befall. 7. Issue. 8. Enter upon with haste or vehemence; rush. 9. Flow or discharge itself; empty. 10. Die by violence, as in battle. 11. Hang downward. IS. Happen. 13. Be uttered or dropped. 14. Begin with vehemence. 15. Be diminished in value, amount, etc. 16. Grow calm; settle down. [A. S. feallan.] FALL (fal), n. 1. Act of falling. 2. Slope; de- clivity. 3. Descent of water; cascade, usually in plural. 4. Time when the leaves fall; au- tumn. 5. Length of a fall. 6. That which falls, as snow. 7. Lapse from innocent state, especially of Adam and Eve. 8. Part of a tackle to which power is applied. 9. Over- throw; downfall; surrender. 10. Cadence. 11. Rope of a tackle or purchase. 12. In wrest- ling, a throwing or being thrown. 13. Depre- ciation. 14. Act of felling or cutting down. 15. Veil. 16. Deadfall. 17. Bot. Defolia- tion. FALLACIOUS (fal-la'shus), a. Calculated to deceive; not well founded; delusive; illog- ical. [L. fallax, fallacis, deceitful. See FAL- LACY.] FALLACIOUSLY (fal-la'shus-li), adv. In a fallacious manner. FALLACIOUSNESS (fal-la'shus-nes), n. Quality of being fallacious. FALLACY (fal'a-sl), n. [pi. FAL'LACIES.] 1. Deceptive appearance. 2. Illogical argument. [L. fallacia; from fallo, deceive.] fate, fat, task, far, fall , fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FALLEN 475 FAMOUS SYN. Deceptiveness; deceitfulness; soph- istry; delusion; error; sophism. ANT. Truth; verity; fact; logic; axiom. FALLEN (fal'n), a. i. In ruins; ruined. 2. Overthrown. 3. Dead in battle; killed. 4. Degraded; disgraced. FALLIBILITY (fal-i-bil'i-ti), n. Liability to err; quality of being fallible. FALLIBLE (fal'i-bl), a. Liable to error or mis- take. [L.L. fallihilis; from L. fallo, deceive.] FALLIBLY (fal'i-bli), adv. In a fallible man- ner. Descending; declining; -Falling sickness, epi- FALLING (fal'ing), a. sinking; dropping.- lepsy. FALLOW (fal'6), I. a. 1. Pale red or pale yellow. 2. Left to rest after tillage; uncul- tivated; neglected. II. n, 1. Land that has lain a year or more untilled or unseeded. 2. Land plowed without being sowed. [A. S. fealo, yellowish.] FALLOW (fal'6), vt. [pr.p. FAL'LOWING; p.t. and p.p. FALLOWED (fal'od).] Plow, harrow, and break (land) without seeding, for the pur- pose of destroying weeds and insects and ren- dering it mellow. FALLOW-DEER (fal'o-der), n. Yel- lowish-brown deer of the genus Cervus dappled with white, common in English parks. FALSE (fals), a. 1. Deceptive or de- ceiving ; untruth- ful. 2. Unfaithful to obligations. 3. Not genuine or real; artificial. 4. Having no foun- dation or basis. 5. Not in accordance with rule; irregular. 6. Music. Out of tune. 7. ~Bot. Spurious; having a specious resem- blance. [O. Fr. fals; from L. falsus, p.p. of fallo, deceive.] FALSE (fals), adv. Falsely, as "you play me false." FALSEHOOD (fals'hod), n. 1. Want of truth or veracity. 2. Contrariety of fact. 3. Deceit; deception. 4. That which is contrary to truth; lie. 5. Counterfeit; imposture; sham. FALSELY (fals'li), adv. 1. In a manner con- trary to truth. 2. Treacherously. FALSENESS (fals'nes), n. Quality or state of being false. FALSETTO (fal-set'6), n. False or artificial voice; range of voice beyond the natural compass. [It.] FALSIFIABLE (fal'si-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of being falsified. FALSIFICATION (fal-si-fl-ka'shun), n . 1. Act of falsifying. 2. Confutation. Fallow-deer {Cervus dama). FALSIFIER (fal'si-fl-Sr), n. One who falsifies. FALSIFY (fal'si-fi), vt. [pr.p. FALSIFYING; p.t. and p.p. FALSIFIED (fal'si-fld).] 1. Forge; counterfeit. 2. Prove untrustworthy, 3. Misrepresent. 4. Confute. 5. Make in- correct, as to falsify a record. FALSITY (fal'si-ti), n. [pi. FALSITKES (fal'si- tiz).] 1. Quality of being false. 2. False assertion. [L. falsitas.] FALTER (fal'ter), vi. [pr.p. FAL'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FALTERED (fal'terd).] 1. Stutter. 2. Tremble; be irresolute. [From root of FAULT.] FALTER (fal'ter), n. Hesitation; trembling. FAME (fam), n. 1. Public report. 2. Public opinion, good or bad. [L. fama — fari, speak.J SYN. Rumor; hearsay; reputation; noto- riety; credit; celebrity; renown; honor; glory. ANT. Disrepute; dishonor; infamy; contempt; ignominy; shame; obscurity; oblivion. FAMILIAR (fa-mil'yar), I. a. 1. Well acquainted; intimate. 2. After the manner of an intimate ; free; forward. 3. Having a thorough knowl- edge of. 4. Well known or understood. II. n. 1. One well or long acquainted. 2. De- mon supposed to attend at call. [L. famil- iaris; from familia, family.] SYN. Current; hackneyed; commonplace; exemplary; notorious; proverbial; friendly; amicable; fraternal; cordial. ANT. Uncom- mon; strange; unknown; aberrant; unnat- ural; queer; inimical. FAMILIARITY (fa-mil-i-ar'i-ti), n. [pi. FA- MILIARITIES.] 1. Intimate acquaintance- ship; freedom from constraint. 2. [pi.] Actions of one person towards another unwarranted by their relative position; liberties. FAMILIARIZE (fa-mil'yar-iz), vt. [pr.p. FA- MILIARIZING; p.t. and p.p. FAMILIARIZED (fa-mil 'yar-izd).] 1. Make thoroughly ac- quainted; accustom. 2. Make skilled by practice or study. FAMILY (fam'i-li), n. [pi. FAM'ILIES.] 1. All those who live in one house under one head. 2. Descendants of one common progenitor; race. 3. Honorable or noble descent. 4. Group of animals, plants, etc. (more comprehen- sive than a genus). [L. familia — famulus, serv- ant.] FAMINE (fam'in), n. General scarcity of food: dearth; destitution. [Fr. — L. fames, hun- ger.] FAMISH (fam'ish), v. [pr.p. FAM'ISHING; p.t. and p.p. FAMISHED (fam'isht).] I. vt. Starve. II. vi. Suffer extreme hunger or die from famine. [L. fames, hunger.] FAMOUS (fa'mus), a. 1. Having fame; re- nowned. 2. Worthy of fame; remarkable. [L. famosus; from fama, fame.] SYN. Celebrated; illustrious; eminent; distinguished; famed; noted. ANT. Obscure; mean; unknown. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=c* ia' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. FAMOUSLY 476 FAREWELL Electric Fan. > FAMOUSLY (fa'mus-H), adv. 1. In a famous manner. 2. Splendidly; capitally. FAN (fan), n. 1. Instrument for exciting a current of air by the agitation of a broad surface. 2. Anything that acts as a fan, to cause the circula- tion of air. 3. Something that fans, stirs, stimulates, or ex- cites. [A. S. fann; L. vannus.] FAN (fan), vt. [pr.p. FAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. FANNED (fand).] 1. Move or agitate with, or as with, a fan. 2. Cool or refresh by means of a fan. 3. Excite or stimulate. 4. Winnow. FAN (fan), n. Admirer of a particular sport or game, as a baseball fan. [Abbr. of FANCIER.] FANATIC (fa-nat'ik), I. a. Wildly enthusiastic; extravagant in opinion. II. n. One over- zealous. [L. fanaticus, inspired — fanum, temple. See FANE.] FANATICISM (fa-nat'i-sizm), n. Extreme in- ordinate zeal or ideas, not reconcilable to adverse argument; bigotry. FANCIER (fan'si-Sr), n. 1. One who fancies or is ruled by fancy. 2. One who is specially in- terested in birds or dogs. 3. Admirer of some particular sport or game; usually abbreviated to FAN. FANCIFUL (fan'si-foD, a. Guided or created by fancy; curious; imaginative; whimsical; wild. SYN. Ideal; visionary; chimerical; fan- tastical. ANT. Real; actual; sound; solid. FANCIFULLY (fan'si-fol-i), adv. In a fanciful manner. FANCIFULNESS (fan'si-fol-nes), n. Quality of being fanciful. FANCY (fan'si), n. [pi. FAN'CIES.] 1. Faculty of the mind by which it recalls, represents, or forms images. 2. Image or representation thus formed in the mind. 3. Unreasonable or capricious opinion; whim. 4. Capricious inclination or liking. [Fr. fantaisie; from Gr. phantasia; from phaino, show.] SYN. Thought; belief; idea; supposition; imagination; caprice; predilection; desire. ANT. Object; subject; fact; reality; truth; verity. FANCY (fan'si), a. 1. Pleasing to, or guided by, fancy or caprice. 2. Elegant or ornamental. 3. Pursuing pleasure extravagantly; fast. FANCY (fan'si), v. [pr.p. FAN'CYING; p.t. and p.p. FANCIED (fan'sid).] I. vt. 1. Portray in the mind; imagine. 2. Have a farcy or liking for. 3. Be pleased with. II. vi. 1. Form a fancy; imagine. 2. Guess; suppose. FANDANGO (fan-dang'go), n. Old Spanish dance. [Sp.] FANE(fan),n. Temple. [L. fanum, temple — fari, speak, dedicate.] FANFARE (fan'far), n. A flourish of trumpets or bugles. [Fr.] FANFARON (fan-fa-rang'), n. Blusterer; brag- gart. [Fr.] FANFARONADE (fan-far-o-nad'), n. Swag- gering; bluster; blast. [Fr. fanfaronnade — - Sp. fanfarronada; from fanfarria, bluster.] FANG (fang), n. 1. Long, pointed tooth of a ravenous beast. 2. Claw or talon. 3. Root of a tooth. [A. S. fang, seizing; from fdn, seize.] FANGED (fangd), a. Having fangs. FANTASIA (fan-ta'zi-a), n. Musical composi- tion, not governed by the ordinary musical rules. [It.] FANTASM (fan'tazm), n. Same as PHANTASM. FANTASTIC (fan-tas'tik), FANTASTICAL (fan- tas'tik-aD, a. Fanciful; not real; capricious; whimsical; wild. FANTASTICALLY (fan-tas'tik-al-i), adv. In a fantastical manner. FANTASY (fan'ta-si), n. [pi. FANTASIES.] 1. Fancy; vagary. 2. Fantastic design. FAR (far), I. a. [comp. FARTHER (far'ffcgr) or FURTHER (tur'ther) ; superl. FARTHEST (far'ffcest) or FURTHEST (fur'ffcest).] 1. Re- mote; more distant of two. 2. Remote from or contrary to purpose or design. II. adv. 1. To a great distance in time, space or proportion. 2. Considerably or in great part; very much. [A. S. feor.~\ FARAD (far'ad), n. Unit or quantity in elec- trometry; the quantity of electricity with which an electromotive force of one volt would flow through the resistance of one megohm (=a million ohms) in one second. [In honor of Prof. Faraday.] FARADIC (fa-rad'ik), a. Pertaining to induced currents of electricity. FARADIZATION (far-a-di-za'shun), n. Medical application of induced electric currents. FARANDOULE (fa-rang-dol'), n. Music. Pro- vencal dance in 6-8 measure. [Fr.] FARCE (fars), n. 1. Style of comedy, replete with low humor and extravagant wit. 2. Ridiculous or empty show. [Fr.] FARCICAL (far'si-kl), a. Absurd. FARDEL (far del), n. 1. Anything cumber- some or irksome; pack. 2. Piece or fragment. [O. Fr., dim. of farde, burden.] FARE (far), vi. [pr.p. FARING; p.t. and p.p. FARED (fard).] 1. Be in any state, good or bad; get on; happen. 2. Live; be provided for, especially as to food and drink. 3. Hap- pen well or ill; usually impersonally. 4. Formerly, travel or go. [A. S. faran, travel.] FARE (far), n. 1. Price of passage. 2. Passenger carried for pay. 3. Food; diet. [A. S. faru, a going, journey.] FARE-INDICATOR (far'in-di-ka-tur), n. De- vice for registering fares paid In a convey- ance. FAREWELL (far-wel'), I. interj. May you fare well. II. n. 1. Well-wishing at parting. 2. Act of departure. III. a. Parting; final. fftte, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not; move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~ka=ch in Scotch loch. FAR-FETCHED 477 FAST FAR-FETCHED (far'fecht), a. Forced; un- natural. FARINA (fa-re'na), n. 1. In a general sense, meal, flour. 2. Powder, obtained by tritura- tion of the seeds of cereal and leguminous plants, and of some roots, as the potato, and consisting of gluten, starch, and mucilage. [L.; from far, coarse meal.] FARINACEOUS (far-i-na'shus), a. 1. Consisting of meal or flour. 2. Containing or yielding farina or flour. 3. Mealy. FARM (farm), n. Land used for cultivation or pasturage, with the necessary buildings. [A.S. feorm, supplies; from L.L. firma, feast.] FARM (farm), v. [pr.p. FARMING; p.t. and p.p, FARMED (farmd).] I. vt. 1. Let or lease, as lands to a tenant. 2. Take on lease. 3. Grant (certain rights) in return for a portion of what they yield, as to farm the taxes. 4. Cultivate, as land. II. vi. Engage in agri- culture; be a farmer. FARMER (farm'er), n. One who farms; agricul- turist; husbandman. FARMING (farm'ing), n. 1. Business of cultiva- ting land. 2. The letting out on hire or leasing of taxes, revenues, etc., for collection. FARO (far'd), n. Game of chance played by betting on the order in which certain cards will appear when taken singly from the top of the pack. [Said to be so called because Pharaoh, Egyptian king, was formerly repre- sented on one of the cards.] FARRAGO (far-ra'go), n. Confused mass. [L., mixed fodder.] FARRIER (far'i-er), n. 1. One who shoes horses. 2. One who cures the diseases of horses. [O. Fr. ferrier — L. ferrum, iron.] FARRIERY (far'i-er-i), n. 1. Art of shoeing horses. 2. Place for shoeing horses. 3. Art of curing the diseases of cattle. FARROW (far'd), n. Litter of pigs. [A. S. fearh, Pig.] FARTHER (farmer), I. a. 1. More distant. 2. Tending to a greater distance; longer; ad- ditional. II. adv. 1. At or to a great distance ; more remotely; beyond. 2. Moreover. IComp. of FAR.] FARTHEST (far'tfcest), I. a. Most distant. II. adv. At or to the greatest distance. [Superl. Of FAR.] FARTHING (farming), n. Fourth part of an English penny; small bronze British coin worth one-half cent of U. S. money. [A. S. feorthing, fourth part.] FARTHINGALE (far'*7ting-gal), n. Kind of crinoline of whalebone for distending women's dress. [Sp. verdugado, hooped.] FASCES (fas'Sz), n.pl. Bundle of rods with an ax in the middle, borne before the ancient Roman principal magistrates. [L. fascis, bundle.] FASCIA (fash'i-a), n. [pi. FASCIA (fash'i-e).] 1. Arch. Flat space or band between moldings. 2. Anat. Layer of condensed connective tissue between some muscle and any other tissue. 3. Bot. A cross-band, as of color. [L.] FASCIATE (fash'i-at), FASOIATED (fash'i-a- ted), a. 1. Bound with a fascia. 2. Character- ized by fasciation. FASCIATION (fash-i-a'shun), n. Bot. Form of monstrosity in which the flattening of a single stem, or the lateral union of several stems gives a ribbon-like appearance to a plant. FASCICLE (fas'i-kl), n. Bot. Close cluster, the flowers crowded together, as in the sweet- william. [L. fasciculus, dim. of fascis, bundle.] FASCICULAR (fas-sik'u-lar), a. Composed of or growing in bundles. FASCICULATE (fas-sik'u-lat), FASCICULA- TED (fas-sik'u-la-ted), a. Clustered together; grouped in a fascicle. FASCINATE (fas'1-nat), v. [pr.p. FAS'CINA- TING; p.t. and p.p. FAS'CINATED.] I. vt. 1. Control by the glance; charm; enchant. 2. Captivate by beauty, grace, etc. II. vi. Ex- ercise a fascinating or charming power. [L. fascino, charm.] FASCINATION (fas-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of fascinating or state of being fascinated. 2. Hypnotic power or influence. SYN. Enchantment; charm; spell; cap- tlvation; attraction; allurement; hypnotiza- tion. ANT. Aversion; repugnance; repul- sion. FASCINE (fas-sen'), n. Fagot or bundle of rods used in fortification, to raise batteries, fill ditches, etc. [Fr. — L. fascina; from fasels, bundle.] FASHION (fash'un), n. 1. Make or cut of a thing; form; pattern. 2. Prevailing style, espe- cially of dress. 3. Custom; manner. 4. Gen- teel society. [Fr. facon — L. factio; from facio, make.] FASHION (fash'un), vt. [pr.p. FASH'IONING; p.t. and p.p. FASHIONED (fash'und).] 1. Give figure or form to; mold; form. 2. Make or form according to a pattern. 3. Suit or adapt. FASHIONABLE (fash'un-a-bl), I. a. 1. Made according to prevailing fashion. 2. Ob- servant of the fashion in dress or living. 3. Moving in high society. 4. Patronized by people of fashion. II. n. Person of fashion. FASHIONABLENESS (fash'un-a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being fashionable. FASHIONABLY (fash'un-a-bli), adv. In a fash- ionable manner. FASHION-PLATE (fash'un-plat), n. Picture representing prevailing style of dress. FASHODA (fa-sho'da), n. Town in Africa, on the White Nile. FAST (fast), I. a. 1. Firm; strong; steadfast; permanent; sound. 2. Faithful; loyal. 3. Durable; permanent. II. adv. 1. Firmly; securely. 2. Durably. 3. Profoundly. HI. n. That which holds fast; fastener. [A. S. fast, firm.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \x—a in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. FAST 478 FATLING > SYN. Fixed; confirmed; lasting; stable; rooted. ANT. Mutable; mobile; unsteady; afloat; loose. FAST (fast), I. a. 1. Swift; speedy. 2. Per- formed rapidly. 3. Ahead of the standard time, said of a watch or clock. 4. Prodigal; dissolute. II. adv. 1. In rapid succession. 2. Speedily; rapidly. [A special use of FAST, firm, strong.] SYN. Nimble; hasty; thriftless; waste- ful; lavish. ANT. Slow; sluggish; tardy; thrifty; economical; saving. FAST (fast), n. 1. Abstinence from food. 2. Day or time prescribed for fasting. [A. S. fasten; from fwstan, fast.] SYN. Starvation; dieting; famishment. ANT. Gluttony; greediness; voracity. FAST (fast), vi. [pr.p. FAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. FAST'ED.] Abstain from food, in whole or in part, especially as a solemn duty. FAST-DAY (fast'da), n. Day set apart for fast- ing and prayer. FASTEN (fas'n), v. [pr.p. FAST'ENING; p.t. and p.p. FASTENED (fas'nd).] I. vt. Make fast or tight; fix securely; attach firmly. II. vi. Take fast hold; cling. FASTENER (fas'n-er), n. One who or that which fastens. FASTENING (fas'n-ing), n. 1. Act of making fast. 2. Fastener; bolt; catch; clasp. FASTIDIOUS (fas-tid'i-us), a. Affecting supe- rior taste; difficult to please. [L. fastidium, loathing.] SYN. Overnice; squeamish; critical; fin- ical. ANT. Easy; indulgent; coarse. FASTIDIOUSLY (fas-tid'i-us-li), adv. In a fas- tidious manner. FASTIDIOUSNESS (fas-tid'i-us-nes), n. Qual- ity of being fastidious. FASTIGIATED (fas-tij'i-a-ted), a. Bot. Peaked or pointed like the apex of a cone. [L. fasti- gium, gable end.] FASTNESS (fast'nes), n. 1. Firmness; fixed- ness. 2. Stronghold; fortress; castle. 3. Swiftness. FAT (fat), I. a. 1. Plump; fleshy; corpulent. 2. Greasy; rich. 3. Fertile. 4. Rich; lu- crative. 5. Gross. II. n. Oily substance in an- imal tissue. 2. Richest part. [A. S. fwt.] FAT (fat), v. [pr.p. FAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. FAT'TED.] I. vt. Make fat or plump; fatten. II. vi. Become fat. FATAL (fa'tal), a. 1. Belonging to or appointed by fate. 2. Causing ruin or death; calami- tous. FATALISM (fa'tal-izm), n. Doctrine that all events are subject to fate, and happen by unavoidable necessity. FATALIST (fa'tal-ist), n. Believer in fatalism. FATALITY (fa-tal'i-ti) n. [pi. FATALITIES (fa-tal'i-tiz).] 1. State of being fatal or unavoidable; decree of fate. 2. Fixed tend- ency to disaster or death. 3. Fatal event. FATALLY (fa'tgl-i), adv. In a fatal manner. FATE (fat), n. 1. Inevitable destiny or necessity; appointed lot. 2. Ill-fortune; doom. 3. Final issue. 4. [F-] Bom. Myth. One of the three daughters of Necessity. See FATES. [L. fatum, a prediction; from fatus, spoken, p.p. of for, speak.] FATED (fa'ted), a. Doomed; destined. FATEFUL (fat'fol), c. 1. Followed by impor- tant consequences. 2. Fraught with fate. FATES (fatz) or PARC^E (par'se), n.pl. Bom. Myth. The three daughters of Necessity. Their names were Clotho, who held the dis- taff; Lachesis, who turned the spindle; and Atropos, who cut the thread With the fatal shears. FATHER (id'ther), n. 1. Male parent. 2. An- cestor or forefather. 3. Contriver; originator. 4. Title of respect for a priest. 5. Ecclesias- tical writer of the early centuries. 6. [F-] God; first person of the Trinity. 7. Eldest mem- ber of profession or body. [A. S. fader.] FATHER (fa'ffrer), vt. [pr.p. FA'THERING; p.t. and p.p. FATHERED (fa'tfcerd).] 1. Adopt as one's child. 2. Shoulder the responsibility for a statement, etc. FATHERHOOD (fa'ffcer-hod), n. State of be- ing a father; fatherly authority. FATHER-IN-LAW (fa'*fcer-in-la), n. Father of one's husband or wife. FATHERLAND (fa'ffter-land), n. Land of one's fathers. FATHERLESS (fa'*fter-les), a. 1. Destitute of a living father. 2. Without a known author. FATHERLINESS (fa'*fter-li-nes), n. State or quality of being fatherly. FATHERLY (fa'ffeer-li), I. a. 1. Of or pertain- ing to a father. 2. Manifesting the care or affection of a father. II. adv. In the manner of a father. FATHOM (fafft'um), n. 1. Nautical measure equaling six feet. 2. Depth of intellect; penetration. 3. Formerly, space between the extremities of both arms extended. [A. 5. fo2thm.] FATHOM (fafft'um), vt. [pr.p. FATHOMING; p.t. and p.p. FATHOMED (faffc'umd).] 1. Try the depth of; sound. 2. Get at the bottom of; comprehend. FATHOMLESS (fa*7i'um-les), a. That can not be fathomed. FATIGUE (fa-teg'), vt. [pr.p. FATIGUING (fa- teg'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. FATIGUED (fa-tegd').] Tire out; weary; jade. [Fr. fatiguer; from L. fatigo, tire.] FATIGUE (fa-teg'), n. 1. Weariness from labor of body or of mind. 2. Toil. 3. Military work, distinct from the use of arms. — Fa- tigue-dress, dress worn by soldiers when on fatigue-duty. — Fatigue-duty, work of soldiers distinct from the use of arms. FATLING (fat'ling), n. Young animal fattened for slaughter. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FATNESS 479 FEAKFULLY p.t. 1. II. FATNESS (fat'nes), n. 1. Quality or state of being fat; fullness of flesh. 2. Richness; fertility. 3. That which makes fertile. FATTEN (fat'n), v. [pr.p. FAT'TENING; and p.p. FATTENED (fat'nd).] I. vt. Make fat or fleshy. 2. Make fertile. vi. Grow fat. FATTINESS (fat'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being fat. FATTISH (fat'ish), a. Somewhat fat. FATTY (fat'i), a. Containing fat or having the qualities of fat; greasy. FATUITY (fa-tu'i-ti), n. Feebleness of intellect; imbecility. FATUOUS (fat'u-us), a. 1. Silly; feeble-minded. 2. Without reality; deceptive, like the ignis fatuus. [L. fatuus.] FAT-WITTED (fat'wit-ed), a. Dull; stupid. FAUCAL (fa'kal), a. Pertaining to the fauces. FAUCES (fa'sez), n.pl. 1. Narrow passage from mouth to pharynx. 2. Any similar narrow passage. [L., throat.] FAUCET (fa'set), n. Device fitted with a valve for controlling the outlet of a pipe conveying liquid. [O. Fr. fausset — fausser, falsify, pierce.] FAUGH (fa), interj. Signifies contempt or dis- gust. FAULT (fait), n. 1. Defect; imperfection. 2. Displacement of strata. 3. Dereliction from duty; foible. [O. Fr. faute; from L. fallo, deceive.] SYN. Error; omission; blemish; draw- back; failing; foible; offense; flaw; weak- ness; frailty; indiscretion; slip. ANT. Correctness; perfection; completeness. FAULTFINDER (falt'find-er), n. Person given to finding fault. FAULTILY (falt'i-li), adv. In a faulty manner. FAULTINESS (falt'i-nes), ». Quality or state of being faulty. FAULTLESS (falt'les), a. Without fault or de- fect. FAULTLESSLY (falt'les-li), adv. In a fault- less manner. FAULTLESSNESS (falt'les-nes), n. Quality or state of being faultless. FAULTY (falt'i), a. 1. Defective! 2. Guilty of a fault; culpable. FAUN (fan), n. One of a class of rural deities among the Romans bearing a strong resemblance to the satyrs. [L. Faunus — faveo, favor.] FAUNA (fa'na), n. The animals collectively native to any region or epoch. [L. Fauna, sister of Faunus, god of agriculture and of shepherds.] FAUST (fowst) or FAUSTUS (fowst'us), n. A semi-mythical German character carried off by the devil; principal character of Goethe's tragedy of that name. FAUX-PAS (f6-pa'), n. False step; blunder act compromising good behavior. [Fr.] imperfect. Faun. FAVELLA (fa-vel'a), n. Bot. Dense terminal agglomeration of spores within a thin color- less membrane. [L. favus, honeycomb.] FAVOR (fa'vur), n. 1. Kindly regard; good will. 2. State of favoring or being favored. 3. Kind deed; act of grace or lenity. 4. Par- tiality. 5. Permission. 6. Small gift at a german, etc. [L. ; from faveo, favor.] FAVOR (fa'vur), vt. [pr.p. FA'VORING; p.t. and p.p. FAVORED (fa'vurd).] 1. Regard with good will. 2. Be on the side of. 3. Treat indulgently. 4. Afford advantage to. 5. Resemble. (Colloq.) FAVORABLE (fa'vur-a-bl), a. Friendly; pro- pitious; conducive to; advantageous. SYN. Opportune; auspicious; lucky; ben- eficial; serviceable; auxiliary. ANT. Inop- portune; unlucky; inimical; onerous; hurt- ful; pernicious. FAVORABLENESS (fa'vur-a-bl-nes), n . Qual- ity or condition of being favorable. FAVORABLY (fa'vur-a-bli), adv. In a favor- able manner. FAVORED (fa'vurd), a. Having a certain ap- pearance; featured. FAVORITE (fa'vur-it), I. n. One regarded with favor; one unduly loved. II. a. Esteemed; beloved; preferred. FAVORITISM (fa'vur-it-izm), n. Practice of favoring or showing partiality. FAVOSE (fa-voz'), a. Bot. Honeycombed, as the receptacles of many Compositor. [L. favosus, honeycombed.] FAWN (fan), I. n. Young deer. II. a. Re- sembling a fawn in color. [Fr. faon.] FAWN (fan), vi. [pr.p. FAWNING; p.t. and p.p. FAWNED (fand).] Cringe; flatter in a servile way (with upon). [O. E. fawner, flatter — A. S. f&gen, glad. Akin to FAIR.] FAY (fa), vi. [pr.p. FAYING; p.t. and p.p. FAYED (fad).] Fit closely. [A. S. foeger.] FAY (fa), n. Fairy. [Fr. fee — L. fata. Akin to FATE.] FAZE (faz), vt. [pr.p. FA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. FAZED (fazd).] Upset; disturb; ruffle. (Colloq.) FEALTY (fe'al-ti), n. Fidelity; loyalty. [O. Fr. fealte — L. fidelitas.] FEAR (fer), n. 1. Painful emotion, excited by danger; apprehension of danger or pain; alarm. 2. Object of fear. 3. Deep rever- ence; piety. [A. S. fwr, fear.] FEAR (fer), v. [pr.p. FEAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. FEARED (ferd).] I. vt. 1. Regard with fear. 2. Expect with alarm. 3. Stand in awe of. II. vi. 1. Be afraid. 2. Be in doubt. FEARFUL (fer'foD, a. 1. Afraid; timorous. 2. Showing, or caused by, fear. 3. Terrible. SYN. Timid; cautious; awful; dreadful; horrible. ANT. Bold; audacious; inviting; hopeful. FEARFULLY (fer'fQl-i), adv. 1. In a timid or frightened manner. 2. In a manner to cause fear. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FEARFULNESS 4S0 FEED > FEARFULNESS (fer'fol-nes), n. State of being afraid. FEARLESS (fer'les), a. Without fear; daring; brave. FEARLESSLY (fer'les-li), adv. In a fearless manner. FEARLESSNESS (fer'les-nes), n. Quality of be- ing fearless; boldness; intrepidity. FEASIBILITY (fe-zi-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being feasible. FEASIBLE (fe'zi-bl), a. Practicable; capable of being effected. [Fr. faisable.] FEAST (fest), n. 1. Day of solemnity or joy. 2. Rich and abundant repast. 3. Rich en- joyment for the mind or heart. [O. Fr. feste; from L. festutn, holiday; from festus, joyful.] SYN. Banquet; entertainment; treat; ca- rousal; festival; holiday; delight; festiv- ity. ANT. Fast. FEAST (fest), v. [pr.p. FEAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. FEAST'ED.] I. vi. 1. Hold a feast; eat sumptuously. 2. Receive intense delight. II. vt. Entertain lavishly. FEAT (fet), n. Deed of strength, skill, or cour- age. [Fr. fait — L. factum, done.] FEATHER (feffc'er), n. 1. One of the growths which form the covering of a bird. 2. Feather- like growth, part or ornament. [A. S. f ether.] FBATHER (feffc'er), vt. [pr.p. FEATHERING; p.t. and p.p. FEATHERED (fef7*'erd).l 1. Furnish or adorn with feathers. 2. Cleave or split the air with, or as with, awing or feather; as to feather an oar in rowing a boat. FEATHERED (feffc'erd), a. 1. Covered or fitted with feathers. 2. Resembling feathers; feathery. 3. Fleet, like a feathered animal FEATHER-EDGE (fefft'er-ej), n. Thinner edge of a board or plank. FEATHERING (fefft'er-ing), n. 1. Plumage. 2. Act of providing or furnishing with feath- ers. FEATHER-VEINED (feffc'er-vand), a. Bot. Having veins proceeding from the midrib to the margin, said of a leaf. FEATHER-WEIGHT (fefft'er-wat), n. 1. Light- est weight that may be carried by a racing- horse. 2. Boxer, wrestler, etc., of a class below the light-weights. 3. One of small importance or ability. FEATHERY (fe*7i'§r-i), a. 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or covered with feathers. 2. Bot. Plumose or covered with long down-like hairs. FEATURE (fe'tur), n. 1. Mark by which any- thing is recognized; prominent trait; marked characteristic. 2. Cast or form of the face or any part of it. 3. [pi.] Countenance. [Fr. faiture — L. factura; from facio, make.] FEATURE (fe'tur), vt. [pr.p. FEA'TURING; p.t. and p.p. FEATURED (fe'turd).] Give prominence or precedence to, as to a news- paper article or character on the stage of a theater. FEBRIFUGE (feb'ri-fuj), n. Medicine for re- moving fever. [L. febris, fever, and fugo, put to flight.] FEBRILE (fe'bril or feb'ril), a. Pertaining to fever; feverish. [Fr. — L. feoris.] FEBRUARY (feb'ro-a-ri), n. Second month of the year. [L. Februarius (mensis) =month of expiation — februa, festival of expiation.] FECES, n. pi. See F^CES. FECIT (fe'sit), n. Word usually added to name of an artist or designer of work of art to indi- cate the maker. Lit. "He made it." [L. facio, make.] FECULA (fek'u-la), n. [pi. FECULE (fek'u-le).] 1. Powder obtained by grinding a part of a plant; flour. 2. Bot. Starch or farinaceous substances, [L.] FECUND (fek'und), a. Fertile, prolific. FECUNDATE (fek'un-dat), vt. [pr.p. FECUN- DATING; p.t. and p.p. FECUNDATED.] Make prolific or fruitful. FECUNDATION (fek-un-da'shun), n. Act of impregnating; state of being impregnated. [L.] FECUNDITY (fek-un'di-ti), n. Quality or state of being fecund. FED (fed), v. Past tense and past participle of FEED. FEDERAL (fed'er-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a treaty, or a federation, like the U. S. 2. Founded upon mutual agreement. [Fr. — L. foedus, treaty.] FEDERATE (fed'er-at), a. United by league; confederate. FEDERATE (fed'er-at), v. [pr.p. FEDERATING; p.t. and p.p. FED'ERATED.] I. vt. Cause to unite in a league or confederacy. II. vi. Organize under a federation. FEDERATION (fed-gr-a'shun), n. 1. Act of uniting to form a confederacy. 2. Confed- erated government; confederacy. FEDERATIVE (fed'er-a-tiv), a. Uniting in league. FEE (fe), n. 1. Price paid for services, as to a lawyer. 2. Law. Estate of inheritance in land. [A. S. fceh, cattle, property.] FEE (fe), vt. [pr.p. FEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. FEED (.fed).] 1. Pay a fee to. 2. Hire. FEEBLE (fe'bl), a. Weak; wanting in strength; showing incapacity; faint; dull. [O. Fr. feble — L. flebilis, lamentable, from fleo, weep.] FEEBLE-MINDED (fe'bl-mind-ed), a. 1. Idi- otic; imbecile. 2. Irresolute. FEEBLENESS (fe'bl-nes), n. Debility. FEEBLY (fe'bli), adv. In a feeble manner. FEED (fed), v. [pr.p. FEED'ING; p.t. and p.p. FED.] I. vt. 1. Give food to. 2. Supply with food. 3. Supply with that which is necessary; keep supplied. 4. Foster; cherish; indulge, as to feed one's hopes. II. vi. 1. Take food; eat, said specially of animals. 2. Subsist. 3. Indulge or gratify one's self mentally. [A. S. fedan; from foda, food.] FEED (fed), n. 1. Anything used as food, es- fate, fat, ta^k, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, " ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FEEDER 481 FELT pecially for cattle; fodder. 2. An allowance of provender, especially to cattle. 3. The motion forward of anything being fed to a machine. FEEDER (fed'er), n. 1. One who supplies food. 2. One who eats. 3. Stream which supplies a main stream with water. 4. Branch rail- way. 5. Elee. One of the wires through which the current is distributed to the main conductors. FEEL (Ml), v. [pr.p. FEEL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FELT.] I. vt. 1. Perceive by touch. 2. Handle. 3. Be conscious of. 4. Be sensible of. 5. Have an inward persuasion of. II. vi. 1. Know by touch. 2. Have the emotions ex- cited. 3. Perceive one's self to be, as cold. 4. Produce a certain sensation when touched, as hard or rough. [A. S. felan, feel.] FEEL (fel), n. 1. Sensation of touch; touch. 2. Mental perception. FEELER (fel'er), n. 1. Device to sound the opinions of others. 2. [pi.] Jointed parts on the heads of insects, etc., possessed of a delicate sense of touch; antennae. FEELING (fel'ing), I. n. 1. Sense of touch; perception of objects by touch. 2. Conscious- ness of pleasure or pain. 3. Tenderness. 4. Emotion. 5. [pi.] Affections; passions. II. a. 1. Expressive of sensibility or tenderness. 2. Easily affected. SYN. Touch; sensation; sentiment; pas- sion. ANT. Insensibility; callousness; im- perturbability; coldness. FEELINGLY (fel'ing-li), adv. 1. With feeling or expression. 2. Heartily. FEET (f6t), n. Plural of FOOT. FEIGN (fan), vt. [pr.p. FEIGN'ING; p.t. and p.p. FEIGNED (fand).] 1. Invent; imagine. 2. Make a show of or pretense of. [Fr. feindre — L. fingo, form.] FEIGNED (fand), a. Pretended; simulating. FEIGNEDLY (fan'ed-li), adv. In a feigned manner. FEIGNER (fan'er), n. One who feigns. FEINT (fant), n. 1. False appearance; pre- tense. 2. Pretended attack at one point when another is intended to be struck, in order to throw an antagonist off his guard. [Fr. feindre. See FEIGN.] FEINT (fant), vi. [pr.p. FEINT 'ING; p.t. and p.p. FEINT 'ED.] Make a feint, or pretended attack. FELDSPAR (feld'spar), n. Crystalline mineral found in granite, etc. [Ger., field-spar.] FELICITATE (fe-lis'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. FELICI- TATING; p.*. and p.p. FELICITATED.] 1. Con- gratulate. 2. Make happy. [L. felix, happy.] FELICITATION (fe-lis-1-ta'shun), n. Act of felicitating. FELICITOUS (fe-lis'i-tus), a. 1. Delightfully appropriate. 2. Happy; prosperous. FELICITOUSLY (fe-lis'i-tus-li), adv. In a fe- licitous manner. FELICITY (fe-lls'i-ti), n. 1. Happiness. 2. Source of happiness. 3. Happy faculty; happy turn; appropriateness. [L. felicitas.] SYN. Bliss; gladness; joy; rejoicing; delight; enjoyment; blessedness; comfort. ANT. Woe; sadness; sorrow; mourning; tribulation; affliction. FELINE (fS'lin), a. Pertaining to the cat; like a cat. [L. felinus — felis, cat.] FELL(fel),n. 1. Barren or stony hill. 2. Moor. [Ice.] FELL (fel), v. Past tense of FALL. FELL (fel), vt. [pr.p. FELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FELLED (feld).] Cause to fall or cut down. FELL (fel), vt. [pr.p. FELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FELLED (feld).] Flatten and sew (a scam) level with the cloth. [Gael, fill* fold.] FELL (fel), n. Skin; pelt. [A. S. fel.] FELL (fel), a. Cruel; fierce; bloody. [A. S. fel, felling.] FELLAH (fel'a), n. Egyptian peasant, laborer, or tiller of the soil. [Ar.] FELLER (fel'er), n. Cutter of wood. [A. S. fellan, causal form of feallan, fall.] FELLOE, n. See FELLY. FELLOW (fel'6), n. 1. Associate; companion and equal. 2. One of a pair; mate. 3. Member of a university who enjoys a fellow- ship. 4. Member of a scientific or other so- ciety. 5. Worthless or ill-bred person. [Ice. felagi, a partner in goods; from fS, cattle, property, and lag, a laying together.] FELLOW-FEELING (fel'6-f6l-lng), n. Union In feeling; sympathy. FELLOWSHIP (fel'6-ship), n. 1. State of being a fellow or partner. 2. Friendly intercourse; communion. 3. Association. 4. Endow- ment In a university for the support of graduates called fellows. 5. Position and income of a fellow. 6. Proportional divi- sion of profit and loss among partners. [Ice. fSlagi, partner in good — roots of FEE and LAW.] FELLY (fel'i), FELLOE (fel'6), n. [pi. FELLIES (fel'iz), FELLOES (fel'oz).] One of the curved pieces forming the circumference of a wheel. [A. S. felg.] FELON (fel'un), I. n. 1. Law. Person who has committed a felony. 2. Whitlow. II. a. Malignant; malicious; treacherous. [Fr. felon, traitor.] SYN. See CULPRIT. FELONIOUS (fe-16'ni-us), a. Malignant; per- fidious. FELONIOUSLY (fe-16'ni-us-li), adv. With the deliberate intention to commit a crime. [Fr. felon, traitor.] FELONY (fel'un-i), n. [pi. FELONIES (fel'o- niz).] Heinous crime punishable by Impris- onment or death. FELSPAR, n. Same as FELDSPAR. FELT (felt), v. Past tense and past participle of FEEL. fate, fat, task, far, fall. fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf, mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FELT 482 FERRET FELT (felt), n. Cloth made of wool, hair, ete. # without weaving. FELT (felt), vt. [pr.p. FELT'ING; p.t. and p.p. FELT'ED.] Make into felt; cover with felt. FELTED (felt'ed), a. BoU Matted with inter- twined hairs. FELTING (felt'ing), n. 1. Art or process of making felt. 2. Material for making felt. 3. Felt. [A. S.] FELUCCA (fe-luk'a), n. Boat with oars and lateen (three- cornered) sails, used in the Mediterranean. [It. feluca — Ar. fulk, ship.] FEMALE (fe'mal), I. a. 1. Of the sex that produces young Felucca. or fruit. 2. Pertaining to females. II. n. One of the female sex. [Ff. femelle — L. femella.'] FEMININE (fem'i-nin), a. 1. Pertaining to woman; womanly; tender; delicate. 2. Gram. Of the gender denoting females. FEMININITY (fem-i-nin'i-ti), n. 1. Woman- kind. 2. Womanhood; womanliness. FEMINIST (fem'i-nist), n. 1. Believer in and advocate of rights of woman as equal to those of man; suffragette. 2. Student of social and physiological traits in woman. FEMINOUS (fem'i-nus), a. BoU Containing pistils but no stamina. FEMORAL (fem'o-raD, a. Belonging to the thigh. [L. femur,] FEMUR (fe'mur), n. [pi. FEMORA (fem'o-ra).] Thigh bone. [L.] FEN (fen), n. Low, marshy land. [A. S.] FENCE (fens), n. 1. Wall or hedge for in- closing or protecting. 2. Art of fencing; de- fense. 3. Receiver of stolen goods. [Abbr. Of DEFENSE.] FENCE (fens), v. [pr.p. FEN'CING; p.t. and p.p. FENCED (fenst).] I. vt. Inclose with a fence; fortify. II. vi. Practice fencing. FENCER (fen'ser), n. One who practices fen- cing with a sword. FENCING (fen'sing), n. 1. Act of erecting a fence. 2. Material for making fences. 3. Art of attack and defense with a sword or other weapon. FENCING-STICK (fen'sing-stik), n. Stick of tough durable wood fitted with a basket-hilt like a sword or cutlass and used for fencing or broad-sword practice. Same as SINGLE- STICK. FEND (fend), vt. [pr.p. FEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. FENDED.] Ward off; shut out. [Abbr. of DEFEND.] FENDER (fend'er), n. 1. Metal guard before the fire to confine the coals and ashes. 2. Device to secure protection for a ship's side. 3. Device in front of electric cars to protect people from getting under the wheels. FENIAN (fe'ni-an), n. Member of a brother- Fennec {Vulpes zerda) hood founded in N. Y. (1857) to secure in- dependence for Ireland. [Flanna, an an- cient Irish militia.] FENIANISM (fe'ni-an-izm), n. Principles or practices of the Fenians. FENNEC (fen'- ek),w. Dimin- utive fox from Africa, genus Fennecus, of a creamy- brown color and black bushy tail. FENNEL (fen'- el), n. Fra- grant plant with yellow flowers. [A. S. fenol — L. fceniculum.] FERMENT (fer'ment), n. 1. What excites fer- mentation, as yeast, leaven. 2. Internal motion among the parts of a fluid. 3. Agita- tion; tumult. [L. ferveo, boil.] FERMENT (fer-menf), v. [pr.p. FERMENT'- ING; p.t. and p.p. FERMENTED.] I. vt. Ex- cite fermentation in; inflame. II. vi. 1. Rise and swell by the action of fermentation; work. 2. Be in excited action; be stirred with anger. FERMENTABILITY (fer-ment-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being fermentable. FERMENTABLE (fer-ment'a-bl), a. Capable of being fermented. FERMENTATION (fer-men-ta'shun), n. 1. Chemical conversion of an organic substance, through ebullition or effervescence, into new compounds in presence of a ferment. 2. State of high commotion; excitement. FERN (fern), n. Plant with feather-like leaves called fronds. FERNY (fern'i), a. Full of, or overgrown with, ferns. FEROCIOUS (fe-ro'shus), a. Savage; fierce; cruel. [L. ferox.] SYN. Wild; furious. ANT. Docile; gentle; kind; affec- tionate; tame. FEROCIOUSLY (fe-ro'shus-li), adv. In a ferocious manner. FEROCIOUSNESS (fe-ro'shus-nes), n. of being ferocious. FEROCITY (fe-ros'i-ti), n. [pi. FEROCITIES (fe-ros'i-tiz).] Savage cruelty of disposition; untamed fierceness. FERONIA (fe-ro'ni-a), n. Greek Myth. Goddess of flowers whose temple was in Etruria at the foot of Mount Soracte. FERRET (fer'et), vt. [pr.p. FER'RETING; p.t. and p.p. FERRETED.] 1. Drive out of a hi- ding place. 2. Search out carefully and shrewdly. Tree-fern (Os- munda regalis). Quality fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \i=u in Scotch gu.de; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch, FERRET 483 FETCH FERRET (fer'et), w. Tame animal of the weasel kind employed in unearthing rabbits and killing rats. [Fr. furet — L. fur, thief.] Ferret ( A ut or % its furo ) . FERRIAGE (fer'i-aj), n. 1. Toll paid at a ferry. 2. Conveyance of passengers and freight by ferry. FERRIC (fer'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to iron. 2. Containing iron. FERRITE (fer'lt), n. Mining. Hydrous oxide of iron. FERRO-CONCRETE (fer-6-kon'kret), n. Arch, Concrete reinforced by combination with iron in various forms. FERRO-TITANIUM (fer-6-ti-ta'ni-um), n. Chem. Composite parts of titanium and iron used in making steel. FERROUS (fer'us), a. Relating to, obtained from, or containing iron. FERRUGINOUS (fer-ro'ji-nus), a. 1. Of the color of iron-rust. 2. Impregnated with iron. [L. ferruginus — ferrugo, iron-rust; from fer- rum, iron.] FERRULE (fer'61), n. Metal ring on a staff, etc., to keep it from splitting. [Fr. virole — L. virola, bracelet; from vieo, bind.] FERRY (fcr'i), v. [pr.p. FER'RYING; p.t. and p.p. FERRIED (fer'id).] I. vt. 1. Carry or convey on a boat or float across a river, strait, or other narrow body of water. 2. Cross in a ferry-boat. II. vi. Be conveyed in a ferry- boat. [A. S. ferian, convey.] FERRY (fer'i), n. [pi. FER'RIES.] 1. Place where one may be conveyed across a body of water. 2. Ferry-boat. 3. Right of con- veying passengers by ferry. — Aerial ferry, where ferriage is carried on by means of avia- tion or by means of a hanging conveyer traveling on an elevated trolley wire. FERRY-BOAT (fer'i-bot), n. Boat for carrying passengers or freight across a body of water, at a ferry. FERRYMAN (fer'i-man), n. [pi. FER'RYMEN.] One who keeps a ferry. FERTILE (fer'til), a. 1. Able to produce. 2. Inventive. 3. Bot. Capable of bearing fruit. [L. fertilis; from fero, bear.] SYN. Productive; fruitful; prolific; fec- und; teeming. ANT. Sterile; unproductive; barren; fruitless; uninventive. FERTILELY (fer'til-i), adv. In a fertile manner. FERTILENESS (fer'til-nes), n. Fertility. FERTILITY (fer-tU'l-tl), n. Quality or state of being fertile; fruitfulness. FERTILIZE (fer'til-Iz), vt. [pr.p. FERTILI- ZING; p.t. and p.p. FERTILIZED (fer'til-izd).] Make fertile or fruitful; enrich. FERTILIZER (fer'til-I-zer), n. 1. One who, or that which fertilizes. 2. Manure, as guano, phosphate of lime, etc. FERULE (fer'ol), n. Rod used for striking children in punishment. [L. ferula — ferio, strike.] FERVENCY (fer'ven-sl), n. State of being fer- vent; eagerness; warmth of devotion. FERVENT (fer'vent), a. Ardent; zealous; warm in feeling. [L. ferveo, boil.] FERVENTLY (fer'vent-li), adv. In a fervent manner. FERVENTNESS (fer'vent-nes), n. Fervency. FERVID (fer'vid), a. Very hot; boiling; glow- ing with desire or emotion; zealous. [L. fervidus; from fervco, boil.] FERVIDLY (fer'vid-li), adv. In a fervid manner. FERVIDNESS (fer'vid-nes), n. Fervency; fer- vor. FERVOR (fer'viir), n. Heat; intense feeling; glowing zeal. SYN. Ardor; warmth; fervency; enthu- siasm. ANT. Calmness; indifference; cold- ness. FESTAL (fes'tal), a. Pertaining to a feast or holiday; joyous. FESTER (fes'ter), n. 1. Wound discharging corrupt matter; ulcerous sore. 2. Act of festering. [O. Fr. festre: from L. fistula, ulcer.] FESTER (fes'ter), v. [pr.p. FES'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FESTERED [fes'terd.] I. vt. Cause to fester or rankle. II. vi. Become virulent; rankle. FESTIVAL (fes'ti-val), n. Joyful celebration; feast. FESTIVE (fes'tiv), a. Festal; mirthful; gay. [L. festivus; from festum, feast.] SYN. Convivial; jovial; merry. ANT. Solitary; ascetic; gloomy. FESTIVITY (fes-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. FESTIVITIES.] 1. Social mirth at a feast; gaiety. 2. Festival. FESTOON (fes-ton'), n. Garland suspended between two points; sculptured ornament like a wreath of flow- ers, etc. [Fr. feston — L. festum, feast.] FESTOON(fes-ton'), vt. [pr.p.FESTOON'ING ; p.t. and p.p. FESTOONED (fes-tond').] Adorn with festoons. FETAL (fe'tal), a. Of or pertaining to a fetus. FETCH (fech), vt. [pr.p. FETCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FETCHED (fecht).] 1. Bring; go and get. 2. Obtain as its price. 3. Accomplish in any way; reach or attain. [A. S. fetian, fetch; Ger. fassen.] Festoon. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; n6te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u—u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. FETCH 484 FICTITIOUS FETCH (fech), w. 1. Act of fetching or bring- ing. 2. Space over which anything is fetched. 3. Stratagem; artifice; trick. FETCHING (fech'ing), a. Taking; fascinating. (Colloq.) FE'TE (fat), n. Festival or feast; holiday. [Fr. — L. festum, feast.] FETE (fat), vt. [pr.p. FE'TING; p.t. and p.p. FE'TED.] Entertain at a feast. FETICH, FETISH (fetish), n. 1. Image or ob- ject considered as possessing divine power and worshiped. 2. Object of exclusive and inordinate devotion. [Fr. fetiche; from Pg. feitico, magic] FETICHIS3I, FETISHISM (fe'tish-izm), n. 1. Worship of fetiches. 2. Superstition. FETID (fet'id), a. Having a strong offensive odor. [L. fcetidus — fceteo, smell foul.] FETISH (fetish), n. Same as FETICH. FETLOCK (fet'lok), n. 1. Tuft of hair that grows behind on horses' feet. 2. Part where this hair grows. [From roots of FOOT and LOCK.] FETTER (fet'er), n. 1. Chain or shackle for the feet. 2. Anything that restrains; used chiefly in plural. [A. S. feter — fet, feet.] FETTER (feter), vt. [pr.p. FET'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FETTERED (fet'erd).] 1. Put fetters on. 2. Restrain; hamper. FETTLE (fet'l), n. Condition; a prepared state. [A. S. fetel, girth, belt.] FETUS, F03TUS (fetus), n. Young in the egg or in the womb. [L.] FEUD (fud), n. Deadly quarrel between tribes, parties or families; bloody strife. [A. S. fcehadh — fdh, hostile.] FEUD (fud), n. Land held on condition of serv- ice; fief. [L. L. feudum; from root of FEE.] FEUDAL (fu'dal), a. Pertaining to feuds or fiefs; belonging to feudalism. FEUDALISM (fu'dal-izm), ft. System, during the middle ages, by which vassals held the lands from lords-superior on condition of military service. FEUDATORY (fu'da-to-ri), a . Holding lands or power by feudal tenure. [L. L. feudum; from root of FEE.] FEVER (fe'ver), n. 1. Disease marked by great bodily heat and quickening of pulse. 2. Extreme excitement. 3. Painful degree of anxiety. FEVERFEW (fe'v5r-fu), ft. Bot. Plant and flower of the Chrysanthemum genus, used both for ornamental and medicinal purposes (Matricaria Parthenium) . FEVERISH (f6'ver-lsh), a. Slightly fevered; indicating fever; hot; excited. FEVERISHNESS (f6'ver-ish-nes), ft. Quality or state of being feverish. FEW (fvi), a. Small in number; not many. [A. S. fed, pi. feave.] FEWNESS (fu'nes), w. State of being few. cloth with Fez. FEZ (fez), n. Red cap of felt a tassel of black or colored silk or wool at the crown, much worn In Turkey, etc. [From Fez, town in Morocco.] FIACRE (fe-a'ker), w. Species of four-wheeled cab for hire. [Fr.] FIANCE (fe-ang-sa'), ft. [fern. FIANCEE (fg- ang-sa').] One that is affianced or betrothed. [Fr.] FIASCO (fe-as'ko), ft. Failure. [It.] FIAT (fi'at), ft. Formal or solemn command; decree. [L. ; let it be done.] FIB (fib), w. Lie; falsehood; story. [From FABLE.] FIB (fib), v. [pr.p. FD3'BING; p.t. and p.p. FIBBED (fibd).] vi. Speak falsely; tell a fib or lie. FIBER, FIBRE (fi'ber), ft. 1. One of the small threads or filaments composing the parts of animals or vegetables. 2. Thread-like sub- stance. [Fr. — L. fibra, thread.] FIBRIL (fi'bril), ft. 1. Small fiber. 2. Minute thread composing an animal fiber. [L. L. fibrilla, dim. of L. fibra.] FIBRIN (fi'brin), w. Organic compound com- posed of thready fibers. FIBROID (fi'broid), a. Having the nature or form of a fiber or fibers. FIBROSIN (fi'br6-sin), ft. Bot. Reserve sub- stance found in certain fungi resembling fibrin. FIBROUS (fi'brus), a. Composed of or contain- ing fibers. FIBULA (fib'u-la), w. [pi. FD3'UL^.] 1. Clasp or buckle. 2. Anat. Outer of the two bones from the knee to the ankle. [L.] FIBULAR (fib'u-lar), o. Of or pertaining to the fibula. FICHU (fe-shttO, ft. 1. Three-cornered cape worn over the shoulders, the ends crossed upon the bosom. 2. Triangular piece of muslin, lace, etc., worn about the neck. [Fr.] FICKLE (fik'l), a. Inconstant; changeable. [A. S. ficol.] SYN. Capricious; variable; mutable; vacillating; wavering; shifting; fitful; ir- resolute; unreliable; veering. ANT. Steady; constant; steadfast. FICKLENESS (fik'1-nes), ft. Quality or state of being fickle. FICTILE (fik'til), a. Used or fashioned by the potter. [L. fingo, form.] FICTION (flk'shun), n. 1. Invention. 2. Feigned or false story; romance; novel. 3. Fic- titious literature. 4. Legal assumption as a fact. , [Fr. — L. fietio; from fictus, p.p. of jingo, feign.] FICTITIOUS (fik-tish'us), a. Imaginary; not real; forged. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ' U=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FICTITIOUSLY 485 FIFTY FICTITIOUSLY (fik-tish'us-li), adv. In a fic- titious manner; by fiction. FlCUS (fi'kus), n. Bot. Large genus of trees or shrubs of the nettle family; the figs. [L., fig.] FID (fid), n. 1. Conical pin of hard wood, used by sailors to open the strands of a rope in splicing. 2. Square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support the weight of the topmast or top-gallant-mast when swayed up Into place. FIDDLE (fid'l), n. 1. Stringed musical instru- ment, played with a bow; violin. 2. Naut. Device of raised pieces of wood held together by cloth or canvas strips to keep dishes on table in stormy weather; also called weather- rack or fiddle-rack. FIDDLE (fid'l), v. [pr.p. FID'DLING; p.t. and p.p. FIDDLED (fid 'Id).] I. vt. 1. Play or execute on a fiddle. 2. Fritter or trifle. 3. Drive gradually. II. vi. 1. Play upon a fiddle. 2. Fidget about; trifle. FIDDLER (fld'ler), n. 1. One who plays a fid- dle. 2. Small burrowing crab. FIDELITY (fi-del'i-ti), n. Faithful performance of duty; firm adherence. [L. fidelitas; from fidelis, faithful.] FIDGET (flj'et), vi. [pr.p. FIDG'ETING; p.t. and p,p. FIDG'ETED.] Move about nervously; be in a state of nervous restlessness. [A. S. ficol, move quickly to and fro.] FIDGET (fij'et), n. 1. Irregular motion; rest- lessness. 2. [pi.] General nervous restlessness. FIDGETINESS (flj'et-i-nes,), n. Quality or state of being fidgety. FIDGETY (fij'et-i), a. Restless; uneasy. FIDUCIAL (fi-du'shi-al), a. 1. Showing re- liance. 2. Of the nature of a trust. [L. — fidoy trust.] FIDUCIARY (fl-du'shi-ar-i), I. a. 1. Confident; unwavering. 2. Held in trust. II. n. One who holds in trust. [L. fiduciarius.] FIE (fi), inter j. Signifies contempt or disgust. [Ger. pfui! Fr. fi!] FIEF (fef), n. Land of an owner or of one having the power to dispose of same, held in fee or on condition of military service; feud. [Fr. — L. feudum.] FIELD (feld), n. 1. Open country. 2. Piece of ground inclosed for tillage or pasture. 3. Locality of a battle; the battle itself. 4. Room for action or space covered. 5. Wide expanse. 6. Competitors in a contest. 7. Baseball. Place for players outside the dia- mond. [A. S. feld.] FIELD (feld), v. [pr.p. FIELD'ING; p.t. and p.p. FIELD'ED.] I. vt. In baseball and cricket, to catch or stop and return from the field. II. vi. Act as fielder in baseball or cricket. . FIELD-ARTILLERY (feld'ar-til-er-i), n. Light ordnance for active operations in the field. FIELD-DAY (feld'da), n. 1. Day when troops are drawn out for instruction in field exer- Field-glasses. cises. 2. Any day of unusual bustle. 3. Day devoted to outdoor athletic sports. FIELDER (feld'er), n. 1. One who fields. 2. In baseball, a ball thrown or batted into the field. (Colloq.) FIELD-GLASS (feld'glas), n. Binocular telescope or opera-glass for looking at objects at a consider- able distance. FIELD-GUN (feld'gun), n. Light cannon for use on the field of battle; field- piece. FIELD-MARSHAL (feid'- mar-shal), n. Officer of the highest rank in European armies. FIELD-OFFICER (feld'of-i-ser), n. Military officer above the rank of captain, and below that of a general, FIELDPIECE (feld'pes), n. Cannon or piece of artillery used on the field of battle. FIELDWORKS (feld'wurks), n.pl. Temporary works thrown up by troops in the field. FIEND (fend), n. 1. One actuated by intense wickedness or hate. 2. Devil. [A. S. feond — feon, hate.] FIENDISH (fend'ish), a. Resembling a fiend in conduct; diabolical; exceedingly malignant or wicked. FIENDISHNESS (fend'ish-nes), n. Quality or state of being fiendish. FIERCE (fers), o. Ferocious; violent; angry. [O. Fr. fers — L. ferus, wild.] See FEROCIOUS. FIERCELY (fers'li), adv. In a fierce manner. FIERCENESS (fers'nes), n. Quality or state of being fierce. FIERI FACIES (fi'e-ri fa'shi-as). Law. Writ of execution; abbreviated fi. fa. [L., that you cause to be made.] FIERINESS (fir'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being fiery. FIERY (fir'i), a. 1. Consisting of, or containing fire. 2. Hot, ardent; impetuous; irritable. FIFE (fif), n. Small pipe used for military music, an octave higher than the flute. FIFE (fif), vi. [pr.p. FIFING; p.t. and p.p. FIFED (fift).] Play on the fife. [Fr. fif re.] FIFTEEN (fif'ten), a. and n. Five and ten. [A. S. fifty ne.] FIFTEENTH (flf'tenth), I. a. 1. The fifth after the tenth. 2. Being one of fifteen equal parts. II. n. A fifteenth part. FIFTH (fifth), I. a. Next after the fourth. II. n. One of five equal parts. [A. S. fifta.] FIFTH-WHEEL (fifth'hwel), n. 1. Circular plate on front axle of wagon to facilitate turning. 2. Something superfluous; as, the fifth-wheel to a coach. FIFTIETH (fif'ti-eth), I. a. Ordinal of fifty. II. n. Fiftieth part. FIFTY (fif'ti), a. and n. Five times ten. [A. S. fif, five, and tig, ten.] ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, i)=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. PIG 486 FILIBUSTER FIG (fig), n. 1. Tree of the genus JFieus or its fruit, growing in warm climates. 2. Thing of little consequence. [Fr. figue — L. ficus, fig.] Fig-tree and Fig (Ficus carica). FIGHT (fit), v. [pr.p. FIGHTING; p.t. and p.p. FOUGHT (fat).] I. vi. Contend for victory. II. vt. 1. Engage in conflict with. 2. Cause to fight. [A. S. feohtan.] FIGHT (fit), n. 1. Struggle for victory; battle; contest; combat; conflict; engagement. 2. Inclination for fighting; pugnacity. [A. S. feoht; from feohtan, fight.] SYN. Fray; affray; See BATTLE. FIGHTER (fit'er), n. One who fights. FIGHTING (fit-ing), I. a. 1. Fit or Qualified to fight. 2. Engaged in war. II. n. Act of engaging in a fight. FIGMENT (fig'ment), n. Fabrication; invention. [L. fingo, form.] FIGURATE (flg'u-rat), a. 1. Of a certain de- terminate form. 2. Music. Florid. FIGURATION (flg-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of giving figure or form. 2. Music. Mixture of chords and discords. FIGURATIVE (flg'u-ra-tiv), a. Representing by, containing, or abounding in, figures; metaphorical; flowery; typical. FIGURATIVELY (fig'u-ra-tiv-li), adv. In a figurative manner. FIGURE (flg'ur), n. 1. Form of anything; out- line. 2. Representation in drawing, etc.; design. 3. Statue. 4. Appearance. 5. Character denoting a number. 6. Value; price. 7. Mhet. Use of words outside of their literal or common signification. 8. Steps in a dance. 9. Type; emblem. [L. figura; from -fingo, form.] FIGURE (flg'ur), v. [pr.p. FIG'URING; p.t. and p.p. FIGURED (flg'urd).] I. vt. 1. Form or shape. 2. Make an image of. 3. Make with figures or designs. 4. Imagine. 5. Symbol- ize. 6. Foreshow. 7. Note by figures. II. vi. 1. Make figures; calculate. 2. Take a part; be conspicuous. 3. Scheme; contrive. [L. figuro; from figura, figure.] FIGURED (flg'urd), o. Marked or adorned with figures. FIGUREHEAD (fig'ur-hed), n. 1. Figure or bust on the head or prow of a ship. 2. One who holds a responsible position in name only. Fijian, Feejeean (fe'- je-an), I. a. Of or pertain- ing to the Fiji Islands. II. n. Native of the Fiji Islands. Fiji (fe'je) Islands. Brit- ish group in S. Pacific. Area 8,048 sq. m. FILAMENT (fil'a-ment), n. Slender, thread-like ob- ject; fiber; part of stamen . supporting the anther. •* ' FILAMENTOUS (fil-a-men'tus), a. Thread-like. FlLARIA (fi-la'ri-a), n. 1. Genus of parasitic thread-like worms. 2. [f-] [pi. FILA'RLE.] Thread-worm of this genus, parasitic in man, into whose veins its germ is transmitted by certain kinds of mosquitos. [L. filum, thread.] FILBERT (fil'bert), n. Fruit or nut of the cul- tivated hazel. [From St. Philibert's day, August 22, old style.] FILCH (filch), vt. [pr.p. FILCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FILCHED (fllcht).] Steal; pilfer. FILCHER(filch'6r),n. Thief. FILE (fil), n. 1. Line or wire on which papers are placed in order. 2. Papers so placed. 3. Roll or list. 4. Line of soldiers ranged be- hind one another. [Fr. ; from L. filum, thread.] FILE (fil), v. [pr.p. FI'LING; p.t. and p.p. FILED (fild).j I. vt. 1. Put upon a file. 2. Arrange in an orderly manner. 3. Put among the records of a court. II. vi. March in a file. FILE (fil), n. Steel instrument with sharp-edged furrows for smoothing or abrading metals, etc. [A. S. feol.l FILE (fil), vt. [pr.p. FI'LING; p.t. and p.p. FILED (fild).] Cut or smooth with, or as with, a file ; sharpen with a file ; as, to file a saw. FILER (fi'ler), n. One who files. FILIAL (fil'yal), a. 1. Pertaining to or becom- ing a son or daughter. 2. Bearing the rela- tion of a child. FILIATE (fil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. FIL'IATING; p.t. and p.p. FILIATED.] Same as AFFILIATE. FILIBUSTER (fil'i-bus-ter), n. Lawless military or piratical adventurer, as in W. Indies; buccaneer. [Sp.] FILIBUSTER (fil'i-bus-ter), vi. pr.p. FILI- BUSTERING; p.t. and p.p. FILIBUSTERED (fil'i-bus-terd).] 1. Act as a freebooter or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fire, above; m§, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, f/ten, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FILIFORM 487 FINALLY Filipino. buccaneer. 2. Resort to irregular means to impede or defeat legislation. (Colloq.) FILIFORM (fil'i-f arm), a. Bot. Thread-shaped. FILIGREE (fil'i-gre), n. 1. Ornamental work of gold and silver wire. 2. Fine network, containing. beads. 3. Any ornamental open work. [Sp. filagrana — L. filum, thread, and granum, grain, bead.] FILING (fi'ling), n. Particle cut off with a file. Filipino (fii-i-pe'no),n. [pi. FILIPINOS (fil-i-pe'noz).] [fern. FILIPINA (fil-i-pe- na); pi. FILIPINAS (fil-i- pg'naz).] Native of the Phil- ippine Islands, specially a member of the civilized Malay population as dis- tinguished from the unciv- ilized tribes of the islands. FILL (fil), v. [pr.p. FILL'- ING; p.t. and p.p. FILLED (fild).] I. vt. 1. Make full; put into until all the space is occupied. 2. Supply abundantly; satisfy; glut. 3. Hold and perform the duties of. 4. Supply, as a vacant office. II. vi. Pour or put into a vessel of any kind until it is full. [A. S. fyllan.] FILL (fil), n. 1. As much as fills or satisfies. 2. A full supply. 3. A single charge of any- thing. FILLER (fil'er), n. 1. One who fills. 2. Ves- sel for conveying liquid into a bottle. 3. Composition for filling pores of wood, etc. 4. Tobacco used for the body of a cigar, as distinguished from the wrapper. FILLET (fil'et), n. 1. Band to tie around the hair of the head. 2. Muscle; large piece of meat without bones, especially of the loin. 3. Narrow molding generally rectangular in section. [Fr. -filet — L. filum, thread.] FILLING (fil'ing), n. Material used for occu- pying some vacant space, placing between layers, as cake, or completing some structure, stopping up a hole, or the like; sometimes applied to the weft of a web; woof. FILLIP (fll'ip), vt. [pr.p. FILLIPING; p.t. and p.p. FILLIPED (fil'ipt).] Strike with the nail of the finger, which is forced from the bail of the thumb with a sudden jerk. [From FLIP.] FILLIP (fil'ip), n. Jerk of the finger suddenly let go from the thumb. FILLY (fil'i), n. [pi. FILLIES (fil'iz).] Young mare. [Dim. of FOAL.] FILM (film), n. 1. Thin skin or membrane. 2. Very slender thread. 3. Coating on a plate prepared to act as a medium for taking a photograph. 4. Flexible membrane, usu- ally celluloid, serving as a medium for re- ceiving a photographic impression. [A. S. fylmen; from fell, skin.] FILM (film), v. [pr.p. FILM'ING; p.t. and p.p. FILMED (filmd).] I. vt. Cover with, or as II. vl. Become covered by a Quality or state of with, a film, film. FILMINESS (fllm'i-nes), n. being filmy. FILMY (film'i), a. Composed of film; resem- bling film; gauzy. FILOSE (fi '16s), a. Ending in a thread-like process. [L. filum, thread.] FILTER (fil'ter), n. Strainer; piece of woolen cloth, paper or other substance, through which liquors are passed for separating from them all matter mechanically suspended in them. [0. Fr. filtre; from L.L. filtrum, felt.] FILTER (fil'ter), v. [pr.p. FIL'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FILTERED (fil'terd).] I. vt. Purify by means of a filter. II. vi. Pass through a filter; percolate. FILTH (filth), n. 1. Foul matter. 2. That which defiles, physically or morally. [A. S. fyldh. See FOUL.] FILTHILY ( filth 'i-li), adv. In a filthy manner. FILTHINESS (filth 'i-nes), w. Quality or state of being filthy. FILTHY (filth'i), a. [comp. FILTH'IER; superl. FILTH'IEST.] 1. Of the nature of, or con- taining, filth. 2. Morally impure or unclean. SYN. Dirty; nasty; foul; unclean; coarse; low; polluted; defiled. ANT. Pure; sweet; clean; immaculate; spotless; un- dented; untarnished; untainted. FILTRATE (fil'trat), vt. [pr.p. FIL'TRATING; p. t. and p.p. FIL'TRATED.] Filter. FILTRATION (fil-tra'shun), n. Act or process of filtering. FIL-VIT (fil'vet), n. Self-starting aeroplane. [Fr.] FIMBLE (fim'bl), n. Male plant of hemp, yield- ing a weaker and shorter fiber than the fe- male plant. [Dut. fimel.] FI3IBRIA (fim'bri-a), n. [pi. FIM'BRLE.] 1. Fringing filament. 2. Bot. Elastic toothed membrane beneath the operculum of mosses. [L. fimbria;, fringe.] FIMBRIATE (fim'bri-at), FIMBRIATED (fim'- bri-a-ted), a. Fringed. FIN (fin), n. Organ by which a fish balances it- self and swims. [A. S. finn — L. pinna.] FINABLE (fi'na-bl), a. Liable to a fine. FINAL (fi'nal), a. 1. Respecting the end or motive; last. 2. Conclusive; decisive. [L. finalis; from finis, end.] SYN. Ultimate; terminal; definitive. ANT. Initiative; current; inchoate; nas- cent. FINAL (fi'nal), n. That which is final or last; a finale. FINALE (fe-na'la), n. End; last passage in a piece of music; concluding piece in a concert, exhibition, etc. [It.] FINALITY (fi-nal'i-ti), n. [pi. FINAL'ITIES.] State of being final, or of being settled. FINALLY (fi'nal-i), adv. At the end; ultimately; lastly. Site, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FINANCE 488 FINLAND FINANCE (fl-nans'), n. 1. System or science of public revenue and expenditure. 2. [pi.] Revenue; funds in the public treasury, or ac- cruing to it; public resources of money. 3. Income or resources of individuals. [Fr. ; from L. Li. financla; from fino, pay a fine.] FINANCE (fl-nans'), vt. [pr.p. FINAN'CING; p.t. and p.p. FINANCED (fl-nanst').] Man- age financially; furnish with money. FINANCIAL (fi-nan'shal), a. Pertaining to finance. FINANCIALLY (fi-nan'shal-i), adv. In relation to finance or finances. FINANCIER (fln-an-sgr'), n. 1. One skilled in finance. 2. Officer who administers the public revenue. FINANCIER (fin-an-sSr'), v. [pr.p. FINAN- CIERING; p.t. and p.p. FINANCIERED (fln- an-serd').] I. vt. Act as a financier for; fi- nance. II. vi. Engage in or conduct finan- cial operations. FINCH (finch), n. One of several species of birds, many of them excellent singers. [A. S. fine] Finches. FIND (find), vt. [pr.p. FIND'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOUND (fownd).] 1 Discover or ob- tain by accident or seeking. 2. Fall in with; come upon. 3. Learn or ascertain by ex- perience. 4. Supply or furnish. 5. Law. Decide to be; determine; declare. [A. S. findan.] FIND (find), n. 1. Discovery or finding of anything valuaMe. 2. Something found. FINDER (find'er), n. One who or that which finds. FINDING (find'ing), n. 1. Anything found. 2. [pi.] Tools, trimmings, etc., which a shoe- maker must furnish. 3. Provision; supply. 4. Verdict. FINE (fin), a. [comp. FI'NER; superl. FINEST.] 1. Excellent; beautiful. 2. Not coarse or heavy. 3. Subtle; thin; slender. 4. Exquisite; adorned with every grace and accomplish- ment. 5. Nice; delicate. 6. Overdone. 7. Showy; splendid. — The Fine Arts, as paint- ing and music, are those in which the love of the beautiful and fineness of taste are chiefly concerned: opposed to the USEFUL or INDUS- TRIAL arts. [Fr. fin; from L. finitus, finished ; from finio, finish.] FINE (fin), vt. [pr.p. FI'NING; p.t. and p.p. FINED (find).] Make fine; refine. FINE (fin), n. 1. Sum of money imposed as a punishment. 2. Conclusion; end. [L. finis, final settlement.] FINE (fin), vt. [pr.p. FI'NING; p.t. and p.p. FINED (find).] 1. Impose a pecuniary pen- alty upon; mulct. 2. Finish. FINEISH (fin'ish), a. Somewhat fine. FINELY (fin'li), adv. In a fine manner. FINENESS (fin'nes), n. 1. Quality or state of being fine. 2. Quantity of pure metal in an alloy. FINERY (fi'ner-i), n. Fine or showy things. FINESSE (fl-nes'), n. Subtlety of contrivance; cunning; trickery. [Fr.] FINESSE (fi-nes'), vi. [pr.p. FINESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. FINESSED (fl-nest').] Use artifice. FINGER (flng'ger), n. 1. One of the five ex- treme parts of the hand; digit. 2. Breadth of a finger. 3. Skill in the use of the hand or fingers. [A. S., hand or fingers.] FINGER (flng'ger), v. [pr.p. FIN'GERING; p.t. and p.p. FINGERED (fing'gerd).] I. vt. Han- dle or perform with the fingers. II. vi. Use the fingers on a musical instrument. FINGERLING (fing'ger-ling), n. Name given to small newly hatched fish that does not exceed a finger's length. FINGER-PRINT (fing'g6r-print), n. Impres- sion made by lines of inked finger or thumb, used in some cases as means of identification of a person, in other cases used in lieu of signature. FINIAL (fin'i-al), n. Arch. Bunch of foliage, etc., at the end of a gable, spire, etc. FINICAL (fin'i-kal), a. Affected; fine or pre- cise in trifles; over-nice; foppish. [From FINE.] FINICALITY (fln-i-kal'i-ti), n. 1. Quality or state of being finical. 2. Something finical. FINIS (fi'nis), n. End; conclusion. [L.] FINISH (fin'ish), v. [pr.p. FIN'ISHING; p.t. and p.p. FINISHED (fin'isht).] I. vt. End; complete the making of; perfect; give the last touches to. II. vi. 1. Terminate; expire. 2. Reach the end. [L. finio; from finis, an end.] FINISH (fin'ish), n. 1. Act of finishing. 2. That which finishes or completes; last touch. 3. Process or effect of perfecting; polish. FINISHER (fin'ish-er), n. 1. One who finishes, completes, or perfects. 2. In bookbinding, the one who puts the last touches to the book in the way of gilding and decoration. FINITE (fi'nit), a. Having an end or limit; op- posed to INFINITE. [L. finitus, finished.] FINLAND (fin 'land), n. Grand duchy, country N. W. Russia. Area 144,250 sq. m. ill?, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. FINN 489 FIRST-RATE Finn. FlNN (fln), FlNLANDER, (finland-Sr), n. Na- tive of Finland, a grand duchy in N. W. Russia. FINNY (fin'i), a. Furnished with fins. FIORD (fyard), n. Long, narrow, rock-bound strait or inlet. [Norw.] FIR (f5r), n. One ol several species of cone-bearing, resinous trees, valuable for their timber. [A. S. furh.] FIRE (fir), n. 1. Heat and light caused by burning; flame. 2. Anything burn- ing, as fuel in a grate, etc. 3. Conflagration. 4. Torture by burning; severe trial. 5. Ardor; vigor. 6. Bright- ness of fancy; enthusiasm. 7. Splendor; glow. 8. Discharge of firearms. [A. S. fyr.~\ FIRE (fir), v. [pr.p. FIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. FIRED (fird).] I. vt. 1. Set on fire. 2. In- flame; irritate. 3. Animate. 4. Cause the explosion of; discharge. 5. Bake. II. vi. 1. Take fire. 2. Be or become irritated or inflamed. 3. Discharge firearms. FIREARM (fir'arm), n. Weapon which is dis- charged by an explosive, as gunpowder. FIREBRAND (fir'brand), n. 1. Piece of wood on fire. 2. One who inflames the passions of others. FIREBRICK (fir'brlk), n. Brick that resists the action of fire. FIRECLAY (fir'kla), ro. Kind of clay used in making firebricks. FIRECRACKER (fir'krak-er), n. Kind of ex- plosive fireworks. FIREDAMP (fir'damp), n. Gas (carbureted hydrogen) in coal-mines, apt to take fire. FIRE-DRILL (fir'dril), n. Disciplinary exer- cises by which school children, ships' crews, theater and hotel help, etc., are taught how to act and protect themselves in case of sudden fire. FIRE-ENGINE (fir'en-jin), n. Engine force- pump used to extinguish fire with water. FIRE-ESCAPE (fir'es-kap), n. Contrivance to enable people to escape from fires in buildings or other confined places. FIREFLY (fir'fli), n. Insect which emits a bright light. FIRE-MAKER (fir'ma-ker), n. Device con- sisting of a piston for generating a flame by means of compressed air or gas. FIREMAN (fir'man), n. [pi. FIRE 'MEN.] 1. Man whose business it is to assist in extinguish- ing fires. 2. Man who tends the fires ; stoker. FIREPLACE (fir'plas), n. Place in a house ap- propriated for the purpose of maintaining a fire; hearth. FIREPROOF (fir'prof), a. Proof against fire; Incombustible. FIRESHIP (fir'ship), n. Vessel filled with com- bustibles, to set an enemy's vessels on fire. FIRESIDE (fir'sld), n. Side of a fireplace; hearth; home. FIRE-TEST (fir'test), n. Examination made of illuminating and heating substances to ascer- tain the degree of temperature necessary to be reached in order to produce flame or explosion. Same as FLASH-TEST. FIREWORKS (fir'wurks), n.pl. Preparations of gunpowder, sulphur, etc., to be fired, chiefly for display or amusement. FIRKIN (fer'kin), n. 1. Fourth part of a barrel. 2. Small wooden cask, used for butter, tallow, etc. [O. Dut. vierkin.] FIRM (ferm), a. 1. Fixed; compact. 2. Not easily moved or disturbed. SYN. Stable; solid; stanch; compact; dense; substantial; resolute; constant; fast; secure; strong; established; rooted; im- movable; determined; steadfast; unfalter- ing. See OBSTINATE. ANT. Unstable; infirm; weak; insecure; tottering; vacilla- ting; irresolute; ductile; unreliable; waver- ing. FIRM (ferm), n. Title under which a company transacts business; business house. [It. firma, signature.] FIRMAMENT (fer'ma-ment), n. Region of the air; sky; heavens. [L.] FIRMAN (fgr'man), n. Decree of the Turkish government. [Pers.] FIRMLY (ferm'li), adv. In a firm manner. FIRMNESS (ferm'nes), n. Quality or state of being firm. FIRST (ferst), a. Foremost; preceding all others in place, time, or degree; most eminent. [A. S. fyrst.~\ SYN. Leading; foremost; principal; high- est; chief; earliest; front; primary; prime- val; primordial. ANT. Subsequent; second- ary; subordinate; lowest; last; hindmost. FIRST (ferst), adv. 1. Before all others in time, space, rank, order, etc. 2. Before any other consideration; in preference to something else; sooner. FIRST (ferst), n. 1. The beginning. 2. Music. Leading or upper part, voice or instrument. 3. Baseball. First base. FIRST-CLASS (ferst'klas), a. 1. Of the highest class, rank, quality, etc.; first-rate. 2. Be- longing to the first class. FIRST-FLOOR (ferst'flor), n. 1. In England, floor above the ground-floor. 2. In United S&ates, ground-floor. FIRST-FRUIT (fgrst'frot), n. Initial gathering of a crop or harvest. FIRST-HAND (ferst'hand), a. Obtained with- out the intervention of a second party. FIRSTLING (ferst'ling), n. First produce or offspring, especially of animals. FIRSTLY (ferst'li), adv. In the first place. FIRST-RATE (ferstrat), a. Of the first or high- est rate or excellence; pre-eminent in quality, size, estimation. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ti=v in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck in Scotch loch. FIRST-WATER 490 FIT FIRST- WATER (ferst'wa-ter), n. First or high- est quality; purest luster. FIRTH (ferth), n. Arm of the sea; frith. FISC (flsk), FISCUS (fis'kus), n. State treasury. FISCAL (fis'kal), I. a. Pertaining to the pub- lic treasury or revenue. — Fiscal year, period at the end of which the accounts of a public office or business house are balanced. The U. S. fiscal year runs from July 1st to June 30th of the following year. II. n. 1. Treasurer. 2. State attorney. [Fr. fisc — L. fiscus, basket, purse.] FISH (fish), n. [pi. FISH or FISH'ES.] 1. Animal that lives in water, and breathes through gills. 2. In general, animal living in water. 3. Flesh of fish. [A. S. fisc] FISH (fish), v. [pr.p. FISHING; p.U and p.p. FISHED (fisht).] I. vt. 1. Catch or attempt to catch fish in. 2. Draw or drag up. 3. Naut. Hoist anchor to cathead. II. vi. 1. Be em- ployed in catching or endeavoring to catch fish, as by angling, netting, etc. 2. Catch or try to catch fish, especially by angling. — Fish for, seek to obtain by artifice, as to fish for a compliment. FISH-BLOCK (fish'blok), n. Naut. Block used to fish an anchor. FISHER (flsh'er), n. 1. One who fishes, or whose occupation is to catch fish. 2. A species of marten; the pekan. FISHERMAN (fish'er-man), n. [pi. FISH'ER- MEN.] One who fishes, or whose occupation it is to catch fish. FISHERY (fish'e-ri), n. [pi. FISH'ERIES.] 1. Business of catching fish. 2. Place for breed- ing or catching fish. FISH-HAWK (fish'- hak), n. Osprey. FISH-HOOK (fish'- hok), n. Barbed hook for catch- ing fish. FISHIN ESS (fish'i- nes), n. Quality or state of being fishy. FISHING (fish 'ing), I. a. Used in fish- ery. II. n. Art or $ practice of catch- : ing fish. FISHING-FRO G (fish'ing-frog), n. Large-headed ra- pacious spinous-flnned sea-fish, called also the angler. FISH-JOINT (fish'joint), n. In railroads, a de- vice for connecting rails by means of plates of iron or steel bolted to the inner sides of the adjoining rails. FISH-MONGER (fish'mung-ger), n. Dealer in fish. Fish-hawk. FISH-NEST (fish'nest), n. Secluded spot or re- ceptacle where fishes deposit their spawn and raise their young. See HATCHERY. Nest of Mudfish. FISH-PLATE (fish'plat), n. One of the plates used for a fish-joint. FISH-ROE (fish'ro), n. Spawn or eggs of fish. FISH-WIFE (fish'wif), n. [pi. FISHWIVES.] Woman who sells fish about the streets. FISHY (fish'i), a. 1. Consisting of fish; like a fish; abounding in fish. 2. Extravagant; suspicious; foul. FISSILE (fis'il), o. That may be split in the di- rection of the grain. [L. findo, cleave.] FISSION (fish'un), n. Act of cleaving, splitting or breaking up into parts. [L. fissio.] FISSURE (fish'or), n. Narrow opening; cleft. TFr. — L. fissura.] FIST (fist), n. 1. Closed or clenched hand. 2. Print. Mark 1^^ used to direct special atten- tion. See INDEX. [A. S. fyst.] FISTIC (fist'ik), a. Pugilistic. FISTICUFF (fist'i-kuf), n. 1. Blow with the fist; boxing blow. 2. Fist-fight. FIST-LAW (fistla), n. Law of brute force. FISTULA (fis'tu-la), n. 1. Narrow passage or duct. 2. Pathol. Deep, narrow, chronic ulcer. [L. fistula, reed.] FISTULAR (fis'tu-lar), a. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a fistula. FISTULOUS (fis'tu-lus), a. Of the form of a fistula. FIT (fit), a. [comp. FIT'TER; superl. FIT'TEST.] Adapted to an end or standard; qualified. [Ice. fitja, knit together.] SYN. Appropriate; proper; becoming; meet; seemly; decorous; decent; congruous; correspondent; expedient; convenient; ap- posite; adapted. ANT. Inappropriate; un- suitable; improper; unfit. FIT (fit), n. Nice adjustment or adaptation, as of a dress to a body. FIT (fit), v. [pr.p. FIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. FIT'- TED.] I. vt. 1. Suit, as one thing to another. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. FIT 491 FLAGELLANT 2. Be adapted to. 3. Quality. II. vi. Be suitable. FIT (fit), n. 1. Sudden attack by convulsions, as apoplexy, epilepsy, etc.; convulsion; parox- ysm. 2. Temporary attack as laughter, etc. ; sudden effort or motion; passing humor. 3. Eccentric mood or disposition. [A. S. fitt, footstep, verse, bout.] FITCH (flch), n. Fitchew or its fur. [O. Dut. vitsche.] FITCHET (flch'et), n. Same as FITCHEW. FITCHEW (fich'o), n. European polecat. [See FITCH.] FITFUL (flt'fQl), a. Marked by sudden impulse; spasmodic. FITFULLY (flt'fQl-i), adv. In a fitful manner. FITFULNESS (fit'fQl-nes), n. Quality or state of being fitful. FITLY (flt'li), adv. In a fit or proper manner. FITNESS (flt'nes), ». Quality or state of being fit. FITTER (flt'er), n. One who, or that which, makes a fit. FITTING (fifing), I. a. Fit; appropriate. II. n. Anything used in fitting up; especially in plural. FITTINGLY (flt'ing-li), adv. In a fitting manner. FIVE (fiv), a. and n. Four and one. [A. S. fif.] FIVEFOLD (fiv'fold), a. Five times folded or repeated; in fives. FIVES (fivz), n. pi. Game of hand-tennis, so- called because the ball is struck with the five fingers. FIX (flks), v. [pr.p. FIX'ING; p.t. and p.p. FIXED (flkst).] I. vt. 1. Make stable, firm, fast or solid; set or place permanently; establish firmly or immovably. 2. Fasten; attach firmly. 3. Direct steadily, as the eye, the mind, the attention, etc. 4. Put in order. 5. Repair; mend. 6. Determine; settle. 7. Establish as a fact. 8. Bribe. (Colloq.) II. vi. 1. Rest; settle or remain permanently. 2. Become firm, so as to resist volatilization; congeal. [Fr. fixer; from L. figo, fasten.] FIX (fiks), n. Awkward predicament or dilem- ma. (Colloq.) FIXATION (fiks-a'shun), n. 1. Act of fixing or state of being fixed. 2. Steadiness; firmness. 3. State in which a body does not evapor- ate. FIXATIVE (fiks'a-tiv), I. n. Photog. and AH. That which renders permanent or stable, especially a sort of varnish to prevent crayon from rubbing. II. a. Possessing qualities to make permanent or lasting. FIXED (flkst), a. Established; stable. FIXEDLY (flks'ed-li), adv. Firmly; in a settled manner; steadfastly. [Fr. fixer — L. figo, fast- en.] FIXEDNESS (flks'ed-nes), n. Quality or state of being fixed. FIXING (flks'ing), n. 1. Act or process of making fixed. 2. Fixture. 3. [pi.] Things needed for putting in order; outfit; furnish- ings. FIXITY (fiks'i-ti), n. Fixedness. FIXTURE (fiks'tur), n. 1. Fixed article of fur- niture. 2. A fixed or appointed time or event. 3. Law. Anything of an accessory nature annexed to house or land, so as to become part of the realty. 4. [pi.] Fixed or permanent accessories necessary to carry on an enterprise or business. FIZZ (fiz), vi. [pr.p. FIZZING; p.t. and p.p. FIZZED (fizd).] Make a hissing noise; fizzle. [From the sound.] FIZZ (fiz), n. 1. Any effervescent drink; as soda-water. 2. Hissing noise. FIZZLE (flz'l) vi. [pr.p. FIZ'ZLING; p.t. and p.p. FIZZLED (fiz'ld).] 1. Hiss; splutter. 2. Fail ridiculously. [Dim. of FIZZ.] FIZZLE (flz'l), n. 1. State of agitation or worry. 2. Abortive effect. 3. Fizz. FJORD, n. See FIORD. FLABBERGAST (flab'er-gast), vt.[pr.p. FLAB'- BERGASTING; p.t. and p.p. FLAB'BER- GASTED.] Confound; bewilder. FLABBINESS (flab'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being flabby. FLABBY (flab'i), a. Easily moved; soft and yielding; hanging loose. [From FLAP.] FLABELLATE (fla-bel'at), a. Bot. Fan or wedge-shaped. FLABELLUM (fla-bel'um), n. 1. Fan. 2. Fan- like appendage. [L.] FLACCID (flak'sid), a. Flabby; easily yielding to pressure; soft and weak. [L. flaccidus; from flaccus, flabby.] FLACCIDITY (flak-sid'i-ti), n. Laxness; want of firmness. FLAG (flag), vi. [pr.p. FLAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. FLAGGED (flagd).] Grow languid; droop. [Ice. flakka, flap, flutter.] FLAG (flag), n. Water-plant, also known as calamus or sweet flag (Acorus calamus), the root of which is esteemed as a remedy for dyspepsia. [So called from its waving in the wind.] FLAG (flag), n. Cloth, many-colored or bear- ing devices, usually mounted on a staff and serving to show nation- ality, party, etc., or for signaling; ensign; banner; the colors; standard. [Etym. ob- scure; probably from Ice. flakka, flutter.] FLAG (flag), vt. [pr.p. FLAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. FLAGGED (flagd).] 1. Give a signal to with a flag. 2. Adorn with flags. FLAG (flag), n. Large flat stone used for paving; flagstone. [Icel. flaga, slab.] FLAGELLANT (flaj el-ant), I. n. One who scourges himself in religious discipline. II. a. Given to whipping. American Flag. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m6, met, h§r; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FLAGELLATE 492 FLASH FLAGELLATE (flaj'el-at), vt. [pr.p. FLAG'EL- LATING; p.t. and p.p. FLAGELLATED.] Whip or scourge. [L. flagello, scourge.] FLAGELLATE (flaj'el-at), a. Bot. Provided with whip-like runners. FLAGELLATION (flaj-el-la'shun), n. Act of flagellating or whipping; use of the whip or scourge. FLAGEOLET (flaj'o-let), n. 1. Small wind in- strument like a flute. 2. Organ-stop. FLAGGINESS (flag'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being flaggy. FLAGGING (flag'ing), n. 1. Flagstones collec- tively. 2. Pavement of flagstones. FLAGGY (flag'i), a. Limp; flabby. FLAGGY (flag'i), a. Abounding in flags. FLAGITIOUS (fla-jish'us), a. Grossly wicked. [L. flagitiosus.] SYN. Villainous; heinous; atrocious. ANT. Noble; honorable; meritorious. FLAGMAN (flag'man), n. [pi. FLAGMEN.] n. One who flags trains or vessels. FLAGON (flag'un), n. Long-necked decanter with handle. [Fr. — root of FLASK.] FLAGRANCY (fla'gran-si), n. Heinousness; atrocity. [L. flagrantia; from flagrans, pr.p. of flagro, burn.] FLAG-RANK (flag'rangk), n. Naut. Officers in the navy above captain entitled to fly their own particular designating flag on the ship or fleet under their command. FLAGRANT (fla 'grant), a. 1. Glaring. 2. Enormous. 3. Actually in execution. [Fr. ; from L. flagrans. See FLAGRANCY.] SYN. Atrocious; notorious; heinous; flagitious. ANT. Admirable; excellent; worthy. FLAGRANTLY (fla'grant-li), adv. In a flagrant manner. FLAGSHIP (flag'ship), n. Ship in which an admiral sails, and flying his flag. FLAGSTAFF (flag'staf), n. Staff or pole on which a flag is displayed. FLAGSTONE (flag'ston), n. 1. Flat stone used for paving; also called flag. 2. Any rock so laminated as to split into large, thin layers. FLAIL (flal), n. Instrument for threshing. [L. flagellum, whip.] FLAKE (flak) n. Loose, filmy or scale-like mass; small flat particle. [Norw. flak, slice.] FLAKE (flak), v. [pr.p. FLA'KING; p.t. and p.p. FLAKED (flakt).] I. vt. Form into flakes. II. vi. Separate into flakes; peel or scale off. FLAKINESS (fla'ki-nes), n. Quality or state of being flaky. FLAKY (fla'ki), a. 1. Lying in flakes; flake- like. 2. Consisting of flakes; hanging loosely together. FLAMBEAU (flam'bo), n. [pi. FLAMBEAUX (flam'bo).] Flaming torch. [Fr.] FLAMBOYANT (flam-boi'ant), a. 1. Flaming; wavy. 2. Arch. With waving or flame-like c- d ' Flamingo (Phce- 1 nicopterus ruber). tracery. 3. Extravagantly pretentious ; showy; bombastic. [Fr.] FLAME (flam), n. 1. Gleam or blaze of a fire. 2. Rage; ardor of temper. 3. Vigor of thought. 4. Warmth of affection; love. FLAME (flam), vi. [pr.p. FLA'MING; p.t. and p.p. FLAMED (flamd).] 1. Burn as flame. 2. Break out in passion. [Fr. flamme.] FLAMINGO (fla-ming'go), n. Bird of a red color, with very long neck and legs, webbed feet and a beak bent as if broken. [Pg. fla- menco, flaming red.] Flanders (flan'derz), n. East and West provinces, Belgium. FLANGE (flanj), n. A raised edge or rib, as on the rim of a car-wheel. [From FLANK.] FLANK (flangk), n. 1. of an animal from the ribs to the thigh. 2. Side of anything, especially of an army or fleet. FLANK (flangk), v. [pr.p. FLANK'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLANKED (flangkt).] I. vt. 1. Stand at the side of; attack, or pass round, the side of. 2. Guard the side of. II. vi. Be posted on the side; border. [O. H. Ger. Mane, loin.] FLANNEL (flan'el), n. Soft woolen cloth of loose texture. [Orig. flannen — Wei. gwlanen, wool.] FLANNELETTE, FLANNELET (flan-el-ef), n. Cotton cloth in imitation of wool and having fleece-like texture on one side. FLAP (flap), n. 1. Anything broad and flexi- ble that hangs loose or is attached by one end or side and easily moved. 2. Motion or sound of anything broad and loose, or a stroke with it. [Prob. from Ice. flakka, flutter.] FLAP (flap), v. [pr.p. FLAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. FLAPPED (flapt).]. I. vt. 1. Beat or move with a flap. 2. Move rapidly backward and for- ward, as a bird flaps its wings. II. vi. 1. Move the wings rapidly backward and for- ward. 2. Move loosely backward and for- ward in the air. 3. Fall or droop like a flap. FLAPJACK (flap'jak), n. Kind of broad, flat pancake. FLAPPER (flap'er), n. 1. One who or that which flaps. 2. [pi.] Exceptionally long shoes worn by professional clog dancers. FLARE (flar), I. vi. [pr.p. FLAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLARED (flard).] Burn with a glaring, unsteady light; glitter; flash. [Norw. flora, blaze.] FLARE (flar), n. 1. Glaring, unsteady light. 2. Ostentation. 3. Extension or widening outward or upward. FLASH (flash), v. [pr.p. FLASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLASHED (flasht).] I. vt. 1. Cause to blaze or flame out suddenly. 2. Convey or fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. FLASH 493 FLAX In a flashy manner. n. Quality or state transmit instantaneously. II. vi. 1. Burst out suddenly into brilliancy; flame up. 2. Glitter or flutter with a dazzling brilliancy. 3. Open or spread outward. [Sw. flasa, burn.] FLASH (flash), I. n. 1. Momentary gleam of light. 2. Sudden burst, as of merriment. 3. Short, transient state. 4. Rogue's slang. II. a. 1. Vulgarly showy; gaudy. 2. Counter- feit; spurious. FLASHILY (flash'i-li), adv. FLASHINESS (flash'i-nes), of being flashy. FLASH-LIGHT (flash'lit), n. 1. Light of mo- mentary brilliancy. 2. Special order of light shown from light- ' houses towards the sea flashing at certain in- tervals and controlled by a flashing apparatus or mechanism. 3. De- vice for furnishing arti- ficial light necessary to photograph where nat- ural light is unobtain- able. FLASH-TEST (flash'test), Flashing apparatus for n. Test to show flash- light-house. ing or explosive degree of Illuminating oils. FLASHY (flash'i), a. 1. Dazzling for a moment. 3. Showy; gaudy; tawdry. FLASK (flask), n. 1. Narrow-necked bottle of glass or metal. 2. Box used in foundries to contain the sand employed in molding. [A. S. flasc] FLAT (flat), I. a. 1. Having an even and hori- zontal surface; level. 2. Prostrate. 3. In the fine arts, wanting relief or prominence of the figures. 4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; in- sipid; dead. 5. Dull; unanimated; without point or spirit. 6. Peremptory; absolute; positive; downright. 7. Music. Below the natural or the true pitch. 8. Not sharp or shrill; not acute. II. n. 1. Surface without relief or prominences; level or extended plain; low tract of land. 2. Music. Mark of de- pression in sound. 3. Floor of a house, forming a residence by itself. 4. House with several floors thus fitted up. [Ice. flatr.] FLAT (flat), adv. Flatly; pronely. FLAT (flat), v. [pr.p. FLAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. FLAT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make flat or level. 2. Lower or depress. 3. Music. Reduce be- low the true pitch. II. vi. 1. Become stupid or vapid. 2. Music. Fall below the true pitch. FLAT-FOOT (flat'fQt), n. Human foot devoid of instep and arch, the entire surface of the sole of the foot resting on the ground. FLAT-IRON (flat'i-urn), n. Iron with handle and polished face for smoothing clothes. FLATTEN (flat'n), v. [pr.p. FLATTENING; p.t. and p.p. FLATTENED (flat'nd).] I. vt. 1. Make flat; reduce to an equal or even surface; level; lay flat. 2. Bring to the ground; pros- trate. 3. Make vapid or insipid; render stale. 4. Depress; deject; dispirit. 5. Music. Low- er in pitch ; render less acute or sharp. II. vi. 1. Grow or become even on the surface. 2. Become dead, stale, vapid, tasteless. 3. Be- come dull or spiritless. 4. Music. Depress the voice; render a sound less sharp; drop below the true pitch. 5. Bot. Convert into a fasciate stem. FLATTER (flat'er), vt. [pr.p. FLAT'TERING; p.t. and. p.p. FLATTERED (flat'erd).] Soothe with praise and servile attentions; please with false hopes. [Fr. flatter.] FLATTERER (flat'er-er), n. One who flatters. FLATTERY (flat'er-i), n. [pi. FLAT'TERIES.] False or venal praise. FLATULENCE(flat'u-lens),FLATULENCY(flat'- u-len-si), n. 1. Distention of the stomach or bowels by gases formed during digestion. 2. State of being puffed up with conceit; vanity. [Fr.; from L. flatus, a blowing.] FLATULENT (flat'u-lent), a. 1. Affected with flatulence. 2. Tending to produce flatulence, or wind in the stomach and bowels. 3. Pre- tentious ; vain. FLATUS (fla/tus), n. 1. Puff of wind. 2. Flatulency; inflation. [L., a blowing.] FLAUNT (flant), v. [pr.p. FLAUNTING; p.t. and p.p. FLAUNT 'ED.] I. vt. Display osten- tatiously, impudently, or offensively. II. vi. 1. Make an ostentatious display of any kind. 2. Move or act ostentatiously. [Etym. doubt- ful.] FLAUNT (flant), n. Act of flaunting; vaunt; boast. FLAVESCENT (fla-ves'sent), a. Bot. Turning to a yellow color. FLAVIN (flav'in), n. Yellow dye obtained from saffron and sulphuric acid. FLAVOR (fla'vur), n. 1. Quality which affects the smell or the palate. 2. Act of imparting an esthetic sensation to the mental taste. [O. Fr. flaure — L. fragro, smell.] FLAVOR (fla'vur), vt. [pr.p. FLA'VORING; p.t. and p.p. FLAVORED (fla'vurd).] Impart flavor to. FLAVORING (fla'vur-ing), n. Any substance used to give a flavor, as an essence or extract. FLAVOROUS (fla'vur-us), a. Pleasing to the taste or palate; savory. FLAW (fla)> n. Break; crack; defect. FLAW (fla), vt. [pr.p. FLAWING; p.t. and p.p. FLAWED (flad).] Crack; break; render de- fective. SYN. Breach; fissure. See FAULT. FLAWLESS (fla'les), a. Without blemish. FLAWY (fla'i), a. Full of flaws; imperfect; de- fective. FLAX (flaks), n. 1. Plant yielding thread for linen, etc. 2. Fibrous part of the bark of the plant. [A. S. fleax.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; u~u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. FLAXEN 494 FLEXIBLES FLAXEN (flaks'n), a. 1. Made of or resem- bling flax. 2. Fair, long, and flowing. FLAXSEED (flaks'sea), n. Seed of flax; linseed. FLAXY (flaks'i), a. Like flax; flaxen; fair. FLAY (fla), vt. [pr.p. FLAYING; p.t. and p.p. FLAYED (flad).] 1. Strip off the skin of. 2. Criticise sharply. [A. S. fle&n.] FLEA (fle), n. Wingless A ***g7#fifiHSk> insect of the genus /itKWSIBlfc Pulcx, whose bite is j^\^Sn2^lTn^ff troublesome. [A. S. fleet $$ ^^^^P^ff 1 —fleon, fly, flee.] ISflfe'E^ FLEAM (flem), n. In- ^ ^^ strument for lancing Flea (Puteaumtorw). ° [Greatly magnified.] or bleeding. [O. Fr. flleme — Gr. phlebototnon, vein-cutter.] FLECK (flek), ». Spot or speckle; little bit; dap- ple; dot; streak; stain. [Ice. flekkr.] FLECK (flek), vt. [pr.p. FLECK'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLECKED (flekt).] Variegate with spots or flecks; spot; streak. FLECTION (flek'shun), n. 1. Act of bending or state of being bent. 2. Inflection. [See FLEXION.] FLED (fled), v. Past tense and past participle of FLEE. FLEDGE (flej), vt. [pr.p. FLEDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLEDGED (flejd).] Furnish with feathers or wings. [A. S. — root of FLY.] FLEDGLING (flej'ling), n. Young bird Just fledged. FLEE (fle), v. [pr.p. FLEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLED (fled).] I. vt. Run from. II. vi. Run away, as from danger. [A. S. fledn.] FLEECE (fles), n. 1. Coat of wool shorn from a sheep at one time. 2. Loose and thin sheet of cotton or wool coming from the breaking- card in the process of manufacture. [A. S. fleos.] FLEECE (fles), vt. [pr.p. FLEE'CING; p.t. and p.p. FLEECED (flSst).] 1. Clip wool from. 2. Plunder. 3. Cover as with wool. FLEECED (flest), a. 1. Having a fleece. 2. Plundered. FLEECER (fle'ser), n. One who strips or plun- ders. FLEECY (flg'si), a. 1. Covered with wool; wool- ly. 2. Having the appearance of, or resem- bling, fleece, as fleecy clouds. FLEER (flSr), v. [pr.p. FLEEB'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLEERED (flSrd).] I. vt. Mock or gibe at; sneer at. II. vi. Make wry faces in con- tempt; mock; jeer. [Norw. flire, titter.] FLEERING (fler'ing), a. Mocking or sneering. FLEERINGLY (fler'ing-li), adv. In a fleering manner. FLEET (flet), n. Number of ships in company,' especially ships of war; division of the navy, commanded by an admiral. [A. S. fledt, flota, ship.] FLEET (flet), v. [pr.p. FLEET'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLEET'ED.] I. vt. 1. Move quickly over; 2. Cause to pass away quickly and pleasantly. Fleming Woman. II. vi. 1. Pass or move quickly. 2. Slip, as a rope or chain, down the barrel of a cap- stan or windlass. [A. S. fle&tan, float.] FLEET (flet), a. Moving or capable of moving at a rapid pace; swift; nimble; speedy. FLEETING (flet'ing), a. Passing quickly; transient; transitory. FLEETINGLY (fiSt'ing-li), adv. In a fleeting manner. FLEETNESS (flet'nes), n. Quality of being fleet. Fleming (flem'ing), n. Native of Flanders. Flemish (flem'ish), i. a. Pertaining to Flanders. II. n. 1. Language of the Flemings. 2. [pi.] People of Flanders. FLESH (flesh), n. 1. Soft substance which covers the bones of animals. 2. Animal food; meat. 3. Body, not the soul; ani- mal nature; bodily ap- petites. 4. Present life. 5. Mankind; hu- man race. 6. Race; kindred. 7. Edible part of a fruit. [A. S. flwsc] FLESH (flesh), vt. [pr.p. FLESH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLESHED (flesht).] 1. Train to an ap- petite for flesh, as dogs for hunting. 2. Use upon flesh, as a sword, especially for the first time. 3. Accustom; glut. FLESH-COLOR (flesh'kul-er), n. Light pink or carnation. FLESHED (flesht), a. Having flesh; fat. FLESHLINESS (flesh'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being fleshy. FLESHINGS (flesh'ingz), n.pl. Thin flesh-col- ored costume, worn by dancers, actors, etc.; tights. FLESHLESS (flesh'les), a. Without flesh; lean. FLESHLINESS (flesh'li-nes), n. Quality or state of being fleshly. FLESHLY (flesh'li), a. 1. Corporeal. 2. Car- nal. FLESHY (flesh'i), a. 1. Corporally stout. 2. Bot. Succulent. FLEUR-DE-LIS (flor-de- le'), n. [pi. FLEURS- DE-LIS.] 1. Flower of the iris, or flower-de- luce. 2. Conventional design derived from the lily. [Fr.] FLEW (flo), v. Past tense of FLY. FLEXIBILITY (fleks-i-bil'- i-ti),w. Pliancy; easiness to be persuaded. FLEXIBLE (fleks'i-bl), FLEXILE (fleks'il), a. Easily bent; pliant; docile. [L. flexibilis — flecto, bend.] FLEXIBLES (fleks'i-blz), n.pl. Elec. Seml-re- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gudt; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. FLEXION 495 FLITTERS slsting copper or rubber brushes of an electric dynamo. FLEXION (flek'shun), n. 1. Bend or fold. 2. Action of a flexor muscle. [L. flexio, a bend- ing.] FLEXOR (fleks'ur), n. Anat. Muscle that bends a joint, as opposed to EXTENSOR. [L.' flexus, p.p. of flecto, bend.] FLEXUOUS (fleks'u-us), FLEXUOSE (fleks'u- 6s), a. Full of windings and turnings; vari- able. FLEXURE (flek'shor), n. 1. Bend or turning. 2. Math. Curving of a line or surface. 3. Bending of loaded beams. [L. flexura; from flexus; see FLEXOR.] FLICK (flik), vt. [pr.p. FLICK'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLICKED (flikt).] Strike lightly; flip. FLICKER (flik'er), vi. [pr.p. FLICKERING; p.t. and p.p. FLICKERED (flik'erd).] 1. Flut- ter and move the wings, as a bird. 2. Burn unsteadily, as a flame. [A. S. fiicerian.] FLICKER (flik'er), n. 1. Act of flickering. 2. Flickering movement. 3. Golden-winged woodpecker (Colaptes auratus). FLIER, FLYER (fli'er), n. 1. One who or that which flies or flees. 2. Fly-wheel. 3. Race- horse. 4. Fast express train. FLIER, FLYER (fli'er), n. Haphazard venture in speculation or other business. (Colloq.) FLIES (fliz), n. Plural of FLY. FLIGHT (flit), n. 1. Passing through the air; soaring; excursion; sally. 2. Act of fleeing; hasty removal. 3. Series of steps. 4. Flock of birds flying together. 5. Birds produced in the same season. 6. Volley or shower. [A. S. flyht; from fleogan, fly.] FLIGHTILY (flit'i-li), adv. In a flighty manner. FLIGHTINESS (flit'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being flighty. FLIGHTY (flit'i), a. 1. Capricious; volatile; giddy. 2. Slightly delirious. FLIMFLAM (Aim 'flam), n. Trick; substitution of one thing for another. FLIMSILY (flim'zi-li), adv. In a flimsy manner. FLIMSINESS (flim'zi-nes), n. Quality or state of being flimsy. FLIMSY (flim'zi), I. a. [comp. FLIM'SIER; su- perl. FLIM'SIEST.] Thin; without solidity, strength or reason; weak. II. n. Copy of any writing manifolded with carbon sheet on tissue or flimsy paper. [Wei. llymsi, naked.] FLINCH (flinch), vi. [pr.p. FLINCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLINCHED (flincht).] Shrink back; wince. [Fr. flechir — L. flecto, bend.] FLINDER (flin'der), n. Splinter; fragment. [Norw. flindra.] FLING (fling), v. [pr.p. FLING'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLUNG.] I. vt. 1. Cast; send, or throw from the hand; hurl. 2. Send forth or emit with violence. 3. Scatter. 4. Prostrate; baffle; defeat. II. vi. 1. Flounce; fly into violent and irregular motions; throw out the legs violently. 2, Utter harsh or abusive language; sneer. 3. Rush away angrily. [Ice. flengja.] FLING (fling), n. 1. A cast or throw from the hand. 2. Gibe; sneer; sarcasm; severe or contemptuous remark. 3. Entire freedom of action; wild dash into pleasures. 4. Kind of dance in which there is much exertion of the limbs. FLINT (flint), n. 1. Hard mineral, a variety of quartz, from which fire is readily struck with steel. 2. Anything proverbially hard. [A. S.] FLINTINESS (flint'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being flinty. FLINTLOCK (flint'lok), n. 1. Hammer of lock of gun to which a piece of flint is attached to produce explosion. 2. Old-style gun having such a lock. FLINTY (flint'i), a. [comp. FLINT'IER; superl. FLINT'IEST.] 1. Consisting of or like flint; hard. 2. Hard-hearted; cruel. FLIP (flip), v. [pr.p. FLIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. FLIPPED (flipt).] I. vt. 1. Fillip or snap with the fingers. 2. Toss carelessly. 3. Climb or jump onto while moving, as to flip a car. II. vi. Flap. [From FLAP.] FLIP (flip), n. Sudden fling or toss; fillip. FLIP (flip), w. 1. Hot drink of beer or cider, spiced and sweetened. 2. Cold drink of wine spiced, etc. FLIP (flip), a. Impudent; presumptuous. (Col- loq.) FLIPFLAP (flip'flap), n. Noise of the repeated stroke of something broad and loose; flapping noise. [Reduplicated form of FLAP.] FLIPPANCY (flip'an-si), n. Pert fluency of speech; pertness; flippantness. FLIPPANT (flip'ant), a. 1. Having a voluble tongue; talkative. 2. Speaking fluently and confidently, but without knowledge or con- sideration; heedlessly pert. 3. Shallow. [Ice. fleipa, prattle.] FLIPPANTLY (flip'ant-li), adv. In a flippant manner. FLIPPANTNESS (flip'ant-nes), w. Quality or state of being flippant; flippancy. FLIPPER (flip'er), n. Paddle of a turtle; broad fln of a fish; arm of a seal. [From FLAPPER.] FLIRT (flert), v. [pr.p. FLIRT'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLIRT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Fling; toss. 2. Wave; jerk. II. vi. 1. Flit. 2. Act with levity. 3. Make love as a pastime; ogle; coquet. [A. S. fleardian, trifle.] FLIRT (flert), n. 1. Person who flirts or coquets. 2. Sudden toss or fling. FLIRTATION (fler-ta'shun), n. Love-making pastime. FLIT (flit), vi. [pr.p. FLIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. FLIT'TED.] Remove quickly from place to place; fly. [Akin to FLEET.] FLITCH (flich), n. Side of a hog salted and cured. [A. S. flicce.] FLITTERS (fliterz), n.pl. Fragments; tatters. (Colloq.) fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn., ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cft in Scotch loch. FLOAT 496 FLOTAGE FLOAT (fldt), v. [pr.p. FLOAT 'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLOAT'ED.] I. vi. 1. Rest on the sur- face of a fluid; swim; be buoyed up. 2, Glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid; move as if supported by a fluid; move gently and easily through the air. II. vt. 1. Cause to rest or be conveyed on the surface of a fluid. 2. Flood; irrigate. 3. Bring prominently before public notice; raise funds, as by the sale of shares, for carrying on an undertaking. [A. S. flotian, float.] FLOAT (fldt), n. That which floats, as a raft, cork, hollow ball, etc. [A. S. flota, ship; from flotian, float.] FLOATAGE (flot'aj), n. Same as FLOTAGE. FLOATER (fl6t'er), n. 1. One who or that Which floats. 2. Indifferent or purchasable voter. (Colloq.) 3. Body of drowned person found floating in the water. (Colloq.) FLOATING (flot'ing), o. 1. Borne on the surface of a liquid. 2. Not fixed. 3. Circulating. 4. Finance. Not funded. FLOCCULENCE (flok'u-lens), n. State of being flocculent. FLOCCULENT (flok'u-lent), a. Adhering in locks or flakes. [See FLOCK, lock of wool.] FLOCK (flok), n. 1. Company of animals, as sheep, game, birds, etc. 2. Company. 3. Christian congregation. [A. S. flocc] FLOCK (flok), vi. [pr.p. FLOCK 'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLOCKED (flokt).] Gather in flocks or in crowds. FLOCK (flok), n. Lock of wool. [O. Fr. floe — L. floccus.] FLOCKT (flok'i), a. Full of flocks or locks of wool. FLOE (flo), n. Field of floating ice. [Prob. Norse flo, layer. The usual Danish word is flage.] FLOG (flog), vt. [pr.p. FLOG'GING; p.t. and p.p. FLOGGED (flogd).] Beat; strike; lash; chas- tise with blows. [Etym. doubtful; prob. from L. flagello, whip.] FLOGGING (flog'ing), n. Whipping; lashing. FLONG (flang), n. Print. Papier-mach6 pad used to form a matrix for casting stereo- type forms. FLOOD (flud), n. 1. Great flow of water. 2. Inundation; deluge. 3. Rise of the tide. 4. Any great quantity. [A. S. flod.] FLOOD (flud), v. [pr.p. FLOOD'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLOOD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Overflow; in- undate. 2. Oversupply; deluge. II. vi. Bleed profusely, as after parturition. FLOODGATE (flud'gat), n. Gate for letting water flow through. FLOODMARK (flud'mark), n. Mark or line to which the tide rises. FLOOR (fldr), n. 1. Part of a building or room on which to walk. 2. Platform of boards or planks laid on timbers, as in a bridge; any similar platform. 3. Story in a building. 4. In legislative assemblies, the part of the house assigned to the members. — Have or get the floor, have or obtain an opportunity of taking part in a debate at a particular time to the exclusion of others. [A. S. fl6r.] FLOOR (fl6r), vt. [pr.p. FLOORING; p.t. and p.p. FLOORED (fldrd).] 1. Cover with a floor; furnish with a floor. 2. Strike down or lay level with the floor; beat; conquer. FLOORING (fldr'ing), n. 1. Material for floors. 2. Platform. FLOP (flop), vi. [pr.p. FLOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. FLOPPED (flopt).] 1. Flounder and fall violently, as a fish out of water. 2. Vio- lently throw one's self to the ground or In a seat. 3. Suddenly change to opposite opinion or party. (Colloq.) FLOP (flop), n. Act of flopping. FLORA (flo'ra), n. 1. Whole of the plants of a particular country. 2. Catalogue of plants. XLORA (flo'ra), n. Bom. Myth. Goddess of flowers and gardens, and wife of Zephyrus; she enjoyed perpetual youth. Florence (flor'ens), it. Firenze (fg- rent'se), n. City in Italy. FLORENTINE (flor'en-ten), I. n. Native or inhabitant of Florence. II. a. From Flor- ence, or originally made there. FLORESCENCE (fld-res'ens), n. 1. Bursting into flower. 2. Time when plants flower. [L. flos, flower.] FLORET (flo'ret), n. 1. Little flower. 2. Sep- arate little flower, as part of an aggregate flower. FLORICULTURE (flo'rl-kul-tur), n. Cultiva- tion of flowers. FLORID (flor'id), a. 1. Bright in color; flushed with red. 2. Containing flowers of rhetoric; richly ornamental. [L. floridus — flos.] FLORIDA (flor'i-da), n. One of the U. S. Area 58,680 sq.m. Capital, Tallahassee. FLORIDITY (flo-rid'i-ti), FLORIDNESS (flor'- id-nes), n. Freshness or brightness of color. FLORIFEROUS (flo-rif'er-us), a. Bearing or producing flowers. [L. flos, floris, flower, and fero, bear.] FLORIN (flor'in), n. Coin of gold or silver, of a value varying between forty and fifty cents, in different countries of Europe. [Fr. — It. florino.] FLORIST (flo'rist), n. Cultivator of and dealer in flowers. FLOSCULE (flos'kul), n. Bot. Little flower. [L. flosculus, little flower.] FLOSS (flos), n. Small stream of water. [Eng. Akin to Ger. fluss.] FLOSS (flos), n. 1. Loose downy or silky sub- stance in the husks of certain plants, as the bean. 2. Untwisted thread. [It. floscia — L. fluxus, loose.] FLOSS-SILK (flos'silk), n. Inferior kind of silk made from floss, or raveled fragments of fiber. FLOSSY (flos'i), a. Pertaining to or like floss; downy. FLOTAGE (flo'taj), n. 1. Act of floating. 2. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FLOTATION 497 FLUIDITY Flounder (Platessa flesus). rivers. [Ger. That which floats. 3. Capacity to buoy up or float. [Fr. flottage.] FLOTATION (flo-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of floating. 2. Science of floating bodies. 3. Act of floating a company or commercial enterprise. FLOTILLA (fl6-til'a), n. Fleet of small ships. [Sp., dim. of flota, fleet.] FLOTSAM (flot'sam), n. Goods lost by ship- wreck, and floating on the sea. [See JETSAM.] FLOUNCE (flowns),«i. [pr.p. FLOUN'CING; p.t. and p.p. FLOUNCED (flownst).] Move the body or the limbs abruptly or impatiently; plunge and struggle. [O. Sw. flunsa.] FLOUNCE (flowns), n. Act of flouncing; im- patient movement. FLOUNCE (flowns), n. Plaited strip or border sewed to the skirt of a dress. [Earlier form FROUNCE; from O. Fr. fronce — froncer, wrin- kle.] FLOUNCING (flown 'sing), n. 1. Material for flounces. 2. Flounces collectively. FLOUNDER (flown'der), vi. [pr.p. FLOUN'- DEBING; p.t. and p.p. FLOUNDERED (flown'derd).] Strug- gle with violent mo- tion. [Dut. flodderen.] FLOUNDER (flown'- der), n. Small flat fish, generally found in the sea near the mouths of flunder.] FLOUR (flowr), n. 1. Finely ground meal of grain. 2. Fine soft powder of any substance. [Fr. fleur; from L. flos, floris, flower.] FLOUR (flowr), v. [pr.p. FLOUR'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLOURED (flowrd).] I. vt. Reduce to or sprinkle with flour. II. vi. Break up Into fine globules of mercury in the amalgamation process. FLOURISH (flur'ish) v. [pr.p. FLOURISHING; p.t. and p.p. FLOURISHED (flur'isht).] I. vi. 1. Thrive luxuriantly; be prosperous. 2. Use copious and flowery language. 3. Make ornamental strokes with the pen. II. vt. 1. Adorn with flourishes or ornaments. 2. Swing about by way of show or triumph. [O. Fr. florir; from L. floresco; from flos, floris, flower.] FLOURISH (flur'ish), n. 1. Decoration; showy splendor. 2. Figure made by a bold stroke of the pen. 3. Waving of a weapon or other thing. 4. Parade of words. 5. Musical pre- lude or call; fanfare. FLOURISHING (flur'ish-ing), a. 1. Thriving; prosperous. 2. Making a show. FLOURY (flowr'i), a. 1. Like flour. 2. Cov- ered with flour. FLOUT (flowt), v. [pr.p. FLOUT'ING; p.t. and >.p. FLOUT'ED.] I. vt. Treat with contempt; mock; Jeer. II. vi. Behave in a contemp- tuous or jeering manner. [From root of FLUTE.] FLOUT (flowt), n. Word or act of contempt; Jeer; sneer; insult. FLOW (fl6), v. [pr.p. FLOWING; p.t. and p.p. FLOWED (Add).] I. vi. 1 Run, as water. 2. Rise, as the tide. 3. Move in a stream, as air. 4. Glide smoothly. 5. Abound. 6. Hang loose and waving. II. vt. Cover with water; flood. [A. S. fldwan.] FLOW (flo), n. 1. Stream; current. 2. Set- ting in of the tide from the ocean. 3. Abun- dance; copiousness. FLO WAGE (fld'aj), n. 1. Act of flowing. 2. State of being flooded. FLOWER (flow'er), n. 1. Blossom of a plant. 2. Best of anything. 3. Prime of life. 4. Person or thing most distinguished. 5. Figure of speech. [O. Fr. flor — L. flos, floris, flower.] FLOWER (flow'er), v. [pr.p. FLOWERING; p.t. and p.p. FLOWERED (flow'erd).] I. vt. Adorn with figures of flowers. II. vi. 1. Be In flower or blossom. 2. Flourish or thrive. FLOWER-DE-LUCE (flow-gr-de-lus'), n. Iris; fleur-de-lis. FLOWERET (flow'er-et), n. Little flower; floret. FLOWER-HEAD (flow'er-hed), n. Bot. Com- pound flower in which all the florets are sessile on the receptacle. FLOWERINESS (flow'6r-i-nes), n. State of being flowery. FLOWERY (flow'cr-i), a. 1. Full of, or adorned with, flowers. 2. Highly embellished; florid. FLOWN (flon), v. Past participle of FLY. FLUCTUATE (fluk'tu-at), vi. [pr.p. FLUCTU- ATING; p.t. and p.p. FLUCTUATED.] 1. Float backward and forward, up and down. 2. Be irresolute. [L. fluctus, wave.] SYN. Waver; vacillate; oscillate; vary; veer. ANT. Persist; abide; stay; stick; adhere. FLUCTUATION (fluk-tu-a'shun), n. Act of fluctuating. 2. Vicissitude; change. FLUE (flo), n. Soft down or fur; lint; nap. [Allied to FLUFF.] FLUE (flo), n. Passage for smoke, air, etc., as a chimney. [O. Fr.] FLUENCY (flo'en-si), n. Quality of being fluent; readiness; copiousness. FLUENT (flo'ent), a. Ready in the use of words; voluble. [L. fluens, flowing.] FLUEY (flo'i), a. Fluffy; downy. FLUFF (fluf), n. Light down, such as rises from beds, cotton, etc., when shaken. [From FLY.] FLUFFINESS (fluf'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being fluffy. FLUFFY (fluf'i), o. Composed of or like fluff. FLUID (flo'id), I. a. Capable of flowing, liq- uid or gaseous. II. ». Liquid or gas. [L. fluidus — fluo, flow.] FLUIDITY (flb-id'i-ti), FLUIDNESS (fltf'id- nes), n. State or quality of being fluid; opposed to SOLIDITY. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m@, met, b6r; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in "Scotch, gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FLUKE 498 FLUX > FLUKE (fl5k), n. Flounder. [A. S. /We.] FLUKE (flbk), n. 1. Part of an anchor which fastens in the ground. 2. Half of a whale's tail fin. 3. Lucky chance; accidentally suc- cessful stroke in billiards. [Low Ger. flunk, wing. J FLUME (flom), ». Channel for the water that drives a mill-wheel. [A. S. flum — L. flumen, river.] FLUMMERY (flum'er-i), n. 1. Acid jelly made from the husks of oats; the Scotch sowens. 2. Lig^it kind of dessert, made of flour, eggs, etc. 3. Nonsense; anything insipid; empty compliment. [Wei. llymru, acid.] FLUNG (flung), v. Past tense and past participle of FLING. FLUNK (flungk), vi. [pr.p. FLUNKING; p.t. and p.p. FLUNKED (flungkt).] 1. Fail, as in a lesson. 2. Retire through fear; back out. [From FUNK.] FLUNK (flungk), n. Failure; backing out. FLUNKEY, FLUNKY (flungk'i), n. 1. Male servant in livery. 2. Low flatterer and serv- ile imitator of the aristocracy; toady. [Al- lied to FLANK.] FLUNKEYDOM, FLUNK YDOM (flungk'i-dum), n. 1. The flunkeys collectively. 2. Grade or condition of flunkeys. FLUNKEYISM, FLUNK YISM (flungk'i-izm), n. Character or quality of a flunkey; servility; toadyism. FLUOR (flo'ur), n. Beautiful mineral, often crystallized, and usually called fluor-spar. [L.; from fluo, flow.] FLUORESCENCE (flo-ur-es'ens), n. Quality of some substances of assuming a peculiar lu- minous appearance when exposed to the sun- light or the X-rays. FLUORIDE (flo'ur-id), n. Chem. Compound of fluorine with another element or radical. FLUORINE (flo'ur-in), n. Pungent, colorless, corrosive gas, allied to chlorin; obtained chiefly from fluor. FLUOROSCOPE (flo'- ur-6-skop), n. A box-like apparatus by means of which the effects of X-rays are observed. FLUOR-SPAR (flo'- ur-spar), n. Fluor- ide of calcium. FLURRY (flur'i), n. [pi. FLURRIES.] 1. Sudden blast or gust. 2. Nervous agitation. 3. Flut- tering assemblage of things, as 4. Death agony of the whale, disordered.] FLURRY (flur'i), vt. [pr. p. FLURRYING; p.t. and p.p. FLURRIED (fliir'id).] Bewilder; agitate; confuse. Fluoroscope. snowflakes. [Sw. flurig, FLUSH (flush), v. [pr.p. FLUSH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FLUSHED (flushth] I. vi. 1. Flow and spread suddenly; rush. 2. Start; fly out sud- denly, as a bird disturbed. 3. Become suf- fused or red; glow. 4. Be gay, splendid or beautiful. II. vt. 1. Cause to blush; redden suddenly. 2. Elate; elevate. 3. Animate. 4. Wash out by flooding. 5. Cause to start up; stir up. [L. fluo, flow; the words BLUSH and FLASH may have influenced the meaning.] FLUSH (flush), I. a. 1. Fresh; full of vigor; glowing; bright. 2. Rich in blossom; exu- berant; well supplied with money. 3. Having the surface even or level with the adjacent surface. 4. Consisting of cards of the same suit. II. n. 1. Sudden flow of blood to the face. 2. Redness of face from an afflux of blood; warm coloring or glow. 3. Sudden impulse or thrill of feelings. 4. Bloom; growth; abundance. 5. Run of cards of the same suit. 6. Flock of birds suddenly started. III. adv. In a manner so as to be even or level. FLUSTER (flus'ter), n. Hurrying; bustle; ex- citement; confusion; heat. [Ice. flaustr, hurry.] FLUSTER (flus'ter), v. [pr.p. FLUS'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FLUSTERED (flus'terd).] I. vt. Make hot or red in the face; confuse; mud- dle. II. vi. Be in a state of confusion or ex- citement; become confused and flurried. FLUSTRATED (flus'tra-ted), a. Excited, es- pecially as if by drink. FLUTE (flot), n. 1. Musical instrument with finger-holes and keys, sounded by blowing. 2. Channel, as on a pillar, or in plaited clotb. [Fr. — L. flo, blow.] FLUTE (flot), v. [pr.p. FLU'TING; p.t. and p.p. FLU'TED.] I. vt. 1. Play or sing in soft flute- like tones. 2. Form flutes or grooves in. II. vi. Play the flute. FLUTTER (flut'er), v. [pr.p. FLUT'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FLUTTERED (flut'erd).] I. vi. 1. Move or flap wings rapidly, without flying or with short flights. 2. Move about with bustle. 3. Vibrate; be in agitation. II. vt. Throw into disorder. [A. S. flotorian, float about.] FLUTTER (flut'er), n. 1. Rapid, irregular vi- bration, as of wings. 2. State of excitement or agitation. FLUVIAL (flo'vi-al), FLU VIATIC (flo-vi-at'ik), a. 1. Of or belonging to rivers. 2. Growing or living in streams. [L. fluvius, river — fluo, flow.] FLUVIATILE (flo'vi-a-til), a. Fluvial. FLUX (fluks), n. 1. Act of flowing; motion of a fluid. 2. Flow; quick succession. 3. Mat- ter discharged. 4. State of being liquid; fusion. 5. Substance that promotes the fu- sion of metals or minerals. [L. fluxus — p.p. of fluo, flow.] FLUX (fluks), vt. [pr.p. FLUX'ING; p.t. and fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. FLUXATION 499 FOAM p.p. FLUXED (flukst).] 1. Melt or fuse. 2. Purge; cleanse. FLUXATION (fluks-a'shun), n. Act of flowing; flux. FLUXION (fluk'shun), n. 1. Flowing. 2. Fu- sion. 3. Difference; variation. FLUXIONAL (fluk'shun-al), a. Variable; in- constant. FLY (fli), v. [pr.p. FLYING; p.t. FLEW (flo) ; p.p. FLOWN (flon).] I. vi. 1. 3Iove through the air on wings. 2. Move swiftly. 3. Pass away; flee. 4. Burst. 5.^ Flutter or wave in the breeze. II. vt. If A^ld ; flee from. 2. Cause to fly, as a kite. [A. S. fleogan.] FLY (fli), n. [pi. FLIES.] 1. Insect with trans- parent wings, especially the common house- fly (Musca domcstica). 2. Fish-hook dressed with silk, etc., in imitation of a fly. 3. Flap of a garment. 4. [pi. FLYS.] Light double- seated carriage. 5. [pi.] Large space above the stage in a theater from which the scenes, etc., are controlled. [A. S. fledge — fle6gan, fly.] Flies (Muscidce): 1. Cheese maggot fly (Piophila caset). 2. Apple worm fly (Carpocapsa). 3. Skin bot-fly. 4. Carpet fly (Scenopimcs pallipes). 5. Hessian fly. 6. Willow gall fly. 7. Willow blister fly (Lonchcsa). 8. Horse bot-fly (Gastrophilus (qui). 8 A. Its larva. 9. Bot-fly of ox (Hypoderma bovis). 10. Microdon globosus. 10 A. Syrphus fly. 11. Carpet worm of No. 4. 12. Rat-tailed fly {Merodon barcttis). 12 A. Its pupa. 13. Black fly (Simulium tnolestum). FLY (fli), n. Act of flying. FLY (fli), o. Wide-awake; clever; smart. (Colloq.) FLYAWAY (fli'a-wa), a. Flighty; restless; giddy. FLYBLOW (flTblo), n. Egg or larva of a fly. Flying-fish. FLYBLOW (fli'blo), v. [pr.p. FLY'BLOWING; p.t, FLYBLOWED (fli'blOd) ; p.p. FLYBLOWN (fli'blon).] I. vt. Deposit flyblows upon; corrupt; taint. II. vi. Lay flyblows. FLYBLOWN (fli'blon), a. Tainted with fly- blows; hence, spoiled; corrupted. FLYBOAT (fll'bdt), n. Long narrow swift boat used on canals. FLYCATCHER (fli'kach-er), n. Small bird that catches flies while on the wing. FLYING-FISH (fli'ing-flsh), n. 1. Fish of the genus Bx- oewtus, which can leap from the water and sustain itself in the air for a short time, by its long pectoral fins. 2. Flying gurnard. See DACTYLOPTERUS. FLYING-FOX (fli'ing-foks), n. Large fruglv- orous bat. FLYING-SQUIRREL(fli'ing-skwer-el), n. Squir- rel in S. Asia and N. America, which has a broad fold of skin between its fore and hind legs, by the aid of which it can take great leaps in the^y air. \ FLYLEAF (fli'- lef), n. [pi. FLYLEAVES (firisvz).] Blank leaf at the begin- ning and end of a book. FLYMAN (fli'man), n. [pi. FLY'MEN.] One who works the ropes in the flies of a theater. FLYPAPER (fli'pa-per), n. Paper prepared with poison or sticky material for destroying flies. FLYSPECK (fli'spek), n. Speck made by the excrement of a fly. FLY-TRAP (fli'trap), n. 1. Trap for catching flies. 2. Bot. The spreading dogbane; also the Venus's fly-trap. FLY-WHEEL (fli'hwel), n. Wheel with a heavy rim placed on the revolving shaft of machin- ery put in motion by an irregular or intermit- ting force, for the purpose of rendering the motion equable and regular by means of its momentum. FOAL (fol), n. Young of the equine genus; colt or Ally. [A. S. fola.] FOAL (f61), v. [pr.p. FOAL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOALED (fold).] I. vt. Bring forth, as a foal. II. vi. Give birth to a foal. FOAM (fdm), n. Froth; bubbles which rise on the surface of liquids. [A. S. fdm.] FOAM (fdm), vi. [pr.p. FOAMING; p.t. and p.p. FOAMED (fomd).] 1. Gather or emit foam; froth. 2. Be in a rage. WW Flying-squirrel. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n6te, not, m5ve, wcif ii— u in Scotch pude; oil, owl, tken, lah.=ch in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, FOAMY 500 FOLLICLE > FOAMY (fom'i), a. Covered with or full of foam; frothy. FOB (fob), n. 1. Small pocket for a watch. 2. Watch-chain, or ribbon with buckle or charm, worn pendant from the pocket. [From root of Prov. Ger. fuppe, pocket.] FOCAL (fo'kal), a. Of or belonging to a focus. FOCALIZE (fo'kai-Iz), vt. [pr.p. FO'CALIZING; p.*. and p.p. FOCALIZED (fo'kal-izd).] Bring to a focus; concentrate. FOCUS (fo'kus), n. [pi. FO'CUSES or FOCI (fo'- si).] 1. Point in which the rays of light meet after reflection or refraction, and cause great heat. 2. Central point. 3. Geom. Point in the parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola, where rays reflected from all their parts meet. [L. focus, hearth.] FOCUS (fo'kus), vt. [pr.p. FO'CTJSING; p.t. and p.p. FOCUSED (fo'kust).] Bring to a focus. FODDER (fod'er), n. Coarse food for cattle, horses and sheep, such as cornstalks, dried herbage, etc. [A. S. fodder — foda, food.] FOE (fo), n. 1. Enemy. 2. One who, or that which, injures or hinders anything. 3. Ill- wisher. [A. S. fah; cf. feogan, hate.] FOEMAN (fo'man), n. [pi. FOE'MEN.] Open or active enemy; adversary. FOG (fog), n. 1. Dense watery vapor exhaled from the earth or from rivers and lakes, or generated in the atmosphere near the earth. 2. Bewilderment; perplexity. 3. Phot. Blur obscuring a developed plate. [Dan. fog, spray, storm.] FOG (fog), vt. [pr.p. FOG'GING; p.t. and p.p. FOGGED (fogd).] Befog; darken; obscure. FOG (fog), FOGGAGE (fog'aj), n. Grass which grows in the fall after the hay is cut. [Origin unknown.] FOGGINESS (fog'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being foggy. FOGGY (fog'i), a. 1. Hazy; misty. 2. Clouded in mind. FOG-HORN (fog'harn), n. 1. Horn used as a warning signal by vessels in foggy weather. 2. Sounding instrument for warning vessels 09" the shore during a fog; siren. FOGY, FOGEY, (fo'gi), n. [pi. FO'GIES, FO'- GEYS.] Dull old fellow; person with anti- quated notions. [Etym. unknown.] FOIBLE (foi'bl), n. Weak point in one's char- acter; slight failing. [O. Fr.] FOIL (foil), vt, [pr.p. FOII/ING; p.t. and p.p. FOILED (foild).] 1. Defeat; puzzle; disappoint. 2. Blunt; dull. [O. Fr. filler, stamp or crush.] FOIL (foil), n. 1. Failure after success seemed certain; defeat. 2. Blunt sword with a but- ton at the point, used in fencing. FOIL (foil), n. 1. Leaf or thin plate of metal, as tin-foil. 2. Thin leaf metal put under precious stones to increase their luster or change their color. 3. Anything that serves to set off something else. 4. Leaf-like orna- ment. [Fr. feuille — L. folium, leaf.] FOIST (foist), vt. [pr.p. FOIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOIST ED.] 1. Bring in by stealth. 3. Pass off as genuine. [Dut. vysten.] FOLD (fold), v. [pr.p FOLD'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOLD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Lay one part over an« other. 2. Inclose. 3. Wrap up; envelop. 4. Clasp or embrace. II. vi. Close in folds. [A. S. fealdan.] FOLD (fold), n. 1. Doubling of any flexible sub- stance. 2. Part laid over on another. 3. That which infolds; clasp; embrace. FOLD (fold), n. 1. Pen for domestic animals, especially sheep. 2. Flock of Sheep. 3. Church. [A. S. fold, fold; stall.] FOLD (fold), vt. [pr.p. FOLD'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOLD'ED.] Confine in a fold. -FOLD, suffix. In composition with numerals= "folded" or "times," as in tenfold. FOLDER (fold'er), n. 1. One who or that which folds. 2. Knife-like tool for folding paper. 3. Folding machine. 4. Circular or other printed paper in folded form suitable for mailing. FOLDEROL (fol'de-rol), n. Nonsense. FOLDING (fold'ing), I. a. That may be folded or doubled. — Folding bed, bed that closes into a frame, so as to stand up vertically. — Folding door, door vertically divided in two parts or wings. — Folding machine, machine for folding paper. II. n. 1. Fold or plait. 2. Keeping of sheep in inclosures on arable land. FOLIACEOUS (f6-li-a'shus), a. Pertaining to or consisting of leaves. [L. foliaceus — fo- lium, leaf.] FOLIAGE (fo'li-aj), n. Leaves; cluster of leaves; leafage. [Fr. feuillage.] FOLIATE (fo'li-at), vt. [pr.p. FO'LIATING; p.t. and p.p. FO'LIATED.] 1. Beat into a leaf. 2. Cover with leaf-metal. FOLIATED (fo'li-a-ted), a. 1. Spread or covered with a thin plate or foil. 2. Beaten into a leaf. 3. Leafy. FOLIATION (fo-li-a'shun), n. 1. Leafing of plants. 2. Act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, or foil. 3. Operation of spreading foil over the back surface of a mirror. FOLIO (fo'li-6), I. n. [pi. FOLIOS (fo'll-6z).] 1. Sheet of paper once folded; size of book; 17x22 inches. 2. Book of such sheets. 3. Page in a book. 4. Page in an account book, or two opposite pages numbered as one. II. a. Pertaining to or containing paper only once folded. . [Abl. of L. folium, leaf.] FOLIO (fo'li-6), vt. [pr.p. FO'LIOING; p.t. and p.p. FOLIOED (fo'li-6d).] Number the pages of, as a book or manuscript. FOLK (fok), n. 1. People. 2. Certain people, as one's family — generally used in plural. 3. Nation or race. [A. S. folc] FOLKLORE (fok'lor), n. Knowledge of ancient customs, superstitions, etc., of the people. FOLLICLE (fol'i-kl), n. 1. Little bag. 2. Gland. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te„ not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " n=u in' Scotch gude; oil. owl. then. kh=cA in Scotch loch. FOLLOW 501 FOOTSTEP 3. Seed-vessel. [Fr. — L. follieulus, dim. of follisy wind bag.] FOLLOW (fol'6), v. [pr.p. FOLLOWING; p.t. and p.p. FOLLOWED (fol'od).] I. vt. 1. Go, or come, after or behind. 2. Imitate; adopt, as an opinion. 3. Keep the eye or mind fixed on. 4. Result from. II. vi. 1. Come after another. 2. Result. [A. S. folgian.] SYN. Attend; pursue; accompany; chase; copy; accept; obey; watch; suc- ceed; ensue. ANT. Avoid; elude; quit; disobey; precede; cause; produce; abandon; shun. FOLLOWER (fol'o-er), n. 1. One who follows. 2. Admirer. FOLLOWING (fol'6-ing), n. 1. Followers col- lectively. 2. Vocation. FOLLY (fol'i), n. [pi. FOL 'LIES.] 1. Want of understanding. 2. Weak or absurd act. 3. Depravity of mind or actions. [Fr. folic See FOOL.] FOMENT (fo-menf), vt. [pr.p. FOMENTING; p.t. and p.p. FOMENT'ED.] 1. Bathe with warm water. 2. Encourage; excite; insti- gate. [Fr. formenter — L. fomentum, lotion; from foveo, warm.] FOMENTATION (fo-men-ta'shun), n. 1. A bathing or lotion with warm water. 2. Encouragement; excitation; instigation. FOND (fond), a. 1. Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent. 2. Very affectionate; longing; loving. — Fond of, relishing highly. [For fanned, p.p. of M. E. fonnen, act fool- ishly.] FONDLE (fon'dl), vt. [pr.p. FON'DLING; p.t. and p.p. FONDLED (fon'dld).] Treat with fondness; caress. [From FOND.] FONT (font), n. Complete as- sortment of types of one style and size. [Fr. fonte, fondre — L. fundo, cast.] FONT (font), n. 1. Vessel used in churches as the repository of the baptismal water. 2. Fountain. [L. fons, fontiso, fountain.] FONTEIN (fon'tin), n. Spring; fountain. [So. African Dutch.] FOOCHOW (fo-chow'), n. Capital of Chinese province of Fuchien. FOOD (fod), n. 1. What one feeds on; that which being digested nourishes the body. 2. Whatever promotes growth. [A. S. foda.] FOOL (fol), n. 1. One who acts stupidly. 2. Person of weak mind. 3. Professional Jester. — Fool's errand, silly enterprise. — Fool- killer, imaginary person having power to kill one guilty of great folly. — Fool's paradise, deceptive happiness. [O. Fr. fol ; from L. follis, wind bag.] FOOL (f»l), v. [pr.p. FOOL'ING; p.f. and p.p. FOOLED (fold).] I. vt. Deceive. II. vi. Play the fool; trifle. Baptismal Font. Bones of the foot. 1 to 5. First, second, third, fourth and fifth metatarsal. 6. Inferior cuneiform. 7. Middle cuneiform. 8. External cunei- form. 9. Cuboid. 10. Navicular. 11. Astragalus. 12. Calcaneum. A. B. First and second phalanges. C. Distal phalange. FOOLERY (fol'er-i), n. [pi. FOOLERIES (fbT- er-iz).] Act of folly; habitual folly. FOOLHARDY (fol'har-di), a. Rash or incau- tious. FOOLISH (fol'ish), a. 1. Weak in intellect. 2, Wanting discretion. 3. Ridiculous. SYN. Senseless; idiotic; crazed; shallow; weak; silly; injudicious; irrational ; absurd. ANT. Sensible; sane; sound; wise; judi- cious; prudent. FOOLISHLY (fol'ish-li), adv. Inafoolish manner. FOOLISHNESS (fol'ish-nes), n. Quality or state of being foolish. FOOLSCAP (folz'kap), n. Paper of a certain size. Originally it bore the water-mark of a fool's cap and bells. FOOT (fot), n. [pi. FEET.] 1. Part of body on which man or other vertebrate stands or walks. 2. Low- er part or base. 3. Measure = 13 inches. 4. Foot soldiers. 5. Di- vision of a line of poetry. [A. S. fot; pi. fet.] FOOT (fot), v. [pr.p. FOOT'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOOT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Tread or walk on. 2. Spurn with the foot; kick. 3. Make, add, or attach a foot to. 4. Sum up and set the total at the foot. II. vi. 1. Go on foot; walk. 2. Dance. 3. Naut. Move. FOOTBALL (fpt'bal), n. 1. Ball consisting of an inflated ox-bladder, or a hollow globe of india- rubber, cased in leather, to be driven by the foot. 2. Person or object subjected to many vicissitudes or changes of condition. 3. Game played with a football by two parties of players. FOOTFALL (fot'fal), n. 1. Footstep. 2. Sound made by a footstep. FOOTGUARDS (fQt'gardz), n.pl. Guards that serve on foot. FOOTHOLD (foi'hold), n. Space on which to plant the feet; that which sustains the feet. FOOTING (fot'ing), n. 1. Place for the foot to rest on; firm foundation. 2. Act or result of adding up a column of figures. 3. [pi.] Totals from such adding. FOOTLIGHT (fot'lit), n. One of a row of lights in front of and on a level with the stage, In a theater, etc. FOOTMAN (fQt'man), n. [pi. FOOT'MEN.] 1. Soldier who serves on foot. 2. Servant or attendant in livery. FOOTPAD (fQt'pad), n. Highwayman or robber on foot, who frequents public paths or roads. FOOTRULE (fQt'rol), n. Rule or measure a foot (12 inches) in length. FOOTSTEP (fQt'step), n. 1. Step or Impression of the foot; track. 2. Trace of a course pur- sued. 3. [pi.] Course; example. Bite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FOOTSTOOL 502 FORE > FOOTSTOOL (fot'stSl), n. Low support for the feet of one sitting. FOP (fop), n. Affected dandy. [Dut. foppen, cheat.] FOPPERY (fop'er-i), n. Vanity in dress or manners; affectation; folly. FOPPISH (fop'ish), a. Vain and showy in dress; affectedly refined in manners. FOPPISHLY (fop'ish-li), adv. In a foppish man- ner. FOPPISHNESS (fop'ish-nes), n. Quality of being foppish. FOR (far), I. prep. In the place of; for the sake of; on account of; in the direction of; with respect to; beneficial to; in quest of; notwithstanding; in spite of; in recompense of; during. II. conj. Because; on the account that. [A. S.] FOR-, prefix. It has generally the intensive force of the Ger. ver-, signifying greatly, com- pletely, utterly, as in forlorn. Sometimes it has the force of a negative or privative, as in forbid. [A. S.] FORAGE (for'aj), n. 1. Fodder, or food for horses and cattle; provisions. 2. Act of foraging. [O. Fr. fourage. Akin to FODDER and FORAY.] FORAGE (for'aj), v. [pr.p. FOR'AGING; p.t. and p.p. FORAGED (for'ajd).] I. vi. Go about and forcibly carry off food for horses and cattle. II. vt. Plunder. FORAGER (for'a-jer), n. One who or that which forages. FORAMEN (fo-ra'men), n. [pi. FORAMINA (fd-ra/mi-na).] Anat. Hole or cavity. FORASMUCH (far'az-much), con). Because that. FORAY (for'a), n. Sudden incursion into an enemy's country. [From FORAGE.] FORAY (for'a), v. [pr.p. FOR'AYKVG; p.t. and p.p. FORAYED (for'ad).] I. vt. Pillage. II. vi. Go foraging. FORBADE (far-bad'), v. Past tense of FORBID. FORBEAR (far-bar'), FOREBEAR (for-bar'), n. Forefather; ancestor; generally in the plural. [Sc] FORBEAR (far-bar'), v. [pr.p. FORBEARING; p.t. FORBORE (.far-bor') ; p.p. FORBORNE (far- born').] I. vi. Abstain. II. vt. Stop; avoid voluntarily. FORBEARANCE (far-bar'ans), n. Exercise of patience; command of temper; clemency. FORBEARING (far-baring), a. Patient. [FOR-, away, and BEAR.] SYN. Cease; delay; avoid; decline; with- hold; refuse; refrain; abstain. ANT. Seek; indulge. FORBID (far-bid'), vt. [pr.p. FORBID'DING; p.t. FORBADE (far-bad'); p.p. FORBIDDEN or FORBID'.] Prohibit; command not to do. [FOR- and BID.] FORBIDDEN (far-bid'n), c. Prohibited; un- lawful. FORBIDDING (far-bid'ing), c. Repulsive; un- pleasant; raising dislike. FORCE (fors), n. 1. Strength; power; energy. 2. Efficacy; validity. 3. Influence. 4. Co- ercion; compulsion. 5. Military or naval strength (often in plural) ; armament. 6. That which produces or tends to produce change in a body's state of rest or motion. [Fr. — L. fortis, strong.] SYN. Vigor; energy; might; stress; em- phasis; cogency; vehemence; violence; constraint; agency. ANT. Feebleness; weakness; neutralization; inefficiency; in- conclusiveness; pointlessness; debility; in- ertia. FORCE (fors), vt. [pr.p. FOR'CING; p.t. and p.p. FORCED (forst).] 1. Draw or push by main strength; compel; constrain. 2. Ravish; violate. 3. Obtain or open by violence; storm. 4. Cause to grow or ripen rapidly. FORCED (forst), a. 1. Accomplished by great effort, as a forced march. 2. Strained; un- natural. 3. Developed by extraordinary means. FORCEFUL (fors'fol), a. Full of force or might; strong; potent; effective; violent. FORCEFULLY (fors'fol-i), adv. In a forceful manner. FORCEMEAT (fors 'met), n. Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned. FORCEPS (far'seps), n. Pair of tongs, pincers, or pliers for holding or removing anything difficult to be held or removed with the hand. [L. formus, hot, and capio, take.] Forceps. FORCE-PUMP (fors'pump), n. Pump which delivers water under pressure, ejecting it forcibly. FORCIBLE (for'si-bl), a. 1. Strong. 2. Done by force. 3. Impetuous. SYN. Powerful; cogent; impressive; effi- cacious; violent; energetic. ANT. Weak; peaceable; ineffective; feeble. FORCIBLY (for'si-bli), adv. In a forcible man- ner. FORCING (for'sing), n. Art of hastening the growth of plants. FORD (f6rd), n. Place where water may be crossed on foot. [A. S.] FORD (fdrd), vt. [pr.p. FORDING; p.t. and p.p. FORD'ED.] Go across on foot; wade. FORE- (for), prefix. Before, either in position or time. . FORE (for), I. a. In front of; advanced in po- fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; " u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, FOREARM 503 FORESAIL sitlon; coming first. II. adv. At the front; In the first or front part; previously. III. n. Front; future. IV. inter}. Golf. Clear the way! [A. S. fore, a form of for, for.] FOREARM (for'arm), n. Forepart of the arm, between elbow and wrist. FOREARM (fdr-arm'), vt. [pr.p. FOREARM'- ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREARMED (for-armd').] Arm or prepare beforehand. FOREBEAR (for-bar'), n. Ancestor. [Sc] FOREBODE (fdr-bdd'), vt. [pr.p. FOREBO'- DING; p.t. and p.p. FOREBODED.] Feel a secret sense of (something future), especially of evil. [A. S. forebodian — fore, before, and bodian, announce.] FOREBODING (for-bd'ding), n. Apprehension of coming evil. FORE-CABIN (for'kab-in), n. Cabin in the fore- part of a vessel with accommodation inferior to that of the aft-cabin or saloon. FORE-CADDIE (for'kad-i), n. In golf, boy who precedes the player to indicate position of holes or balls. FORECAST (fdr'kast), n. Previous contrivance; foresight. [FORE- and CAST.] FORECAST (for-kasf), v. [pr.p. FORECAST- ING; p.t. and p.p. FORECAST'.] I. vt. Con- trive or reckon beforehand; foresee. II. vi. Form schemes beforehand. FORECASTER (for-kast'er), n. One who fore- sees or contrives beforehand. FORECASTLE (for'kas-1 or fok'sl), n. 1. Fore- deck, raised above the maindeck. 2. More commonly, forepart of the ship under the maindeck, quarters of the crew. FORECLOSE (for-kloz'), vt. [pr.p. FORECLO'- SING; p.t.andp.p. FORECLOSED (for-kldzd').] Preclude; prevent; stop. — Foreclose a mort- gage, bar or cut off the mortgagor from his equity of redemption, or the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises or prop- erty, by a Judgment of court. [O. Fr. forclos, p.p. of forclorre, exclude.] FORECLOSURE (for-klo'zhur), n. Foreclosing; depriving a mortgagor of the right of redeem- ing a mortgaged estate. FOREFATHER (for'fa-tfcer), n. Ancestor, es- pecially one that is remote. FOREFEND (fdr-fend'), vt. [pr.p. FOREFEND'- ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREFEND'ED.] Ward off; avert. [See DEFEND.] FOREFINGER (for'fing-ger), n. Finger next the thumb. FOREFOOT (for'fQt), n. One of the feet of an animal in front or next the head. FOREFRONT (for'frunt), n. Foremost part or place. FOREGO (f&r-g&O, vt. [pr.p. FOREGO'ING; p.t. FOREWENT (f dr-went') ; p.p. FOREGONE (f&r-gan').] 1. Go before; precede; chiefly used in its present participle FOREGOING and past participle FOREGONE. 2. Give up; for- bear the use of. — Foregone conclusion, con- clusion come to without examination of the evidence. [A. S. forgdn.] FOREGROUND (for'grownd), n. Ground or space which seems to lie before the figures in a picture. FOREHANDED (for'hand-ed), a. 1. Seasonable. 2. Provident; well-to-do. FOREHEAD (for'ed), n. Forepart of the head above the eyes; brow. [FORE and HEAD.] FOREIGN (for'in), o. 1. Belonging to another country; from abroad. 2. Not belonging to; unconnected. 3. Not appropriate. [Fr. forain — L. L. foraneus; from L. foras, out of doors.] FOREIGNER (for'in-er), n. Native of another country. FOREKNOW (fdr-nd'), vt. [pr.p. FOREKNOW- ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREKNOWN (for-non').] Know beforehand; foresee. FOREKNOWLEDGE (for-nol'ej), ». Knowl- edge of a thing before it happens. FORELAND (fdr'land), n. Point of land running forward into the sea. FORELOCK (fdr'lok), n. Lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the head. — Take time by the forelock, make prompt use of any- thing; let no opportunity escape. FOREMAN (for'man), n. [pi. FOREMEN.] First or chief man; overseer; superintendent. FOREMAST (for'mast), n. Mast of a ship placed in the forepart or forecastle and carrying the foresail and foretopsail yards. FOREMENTIONED (for-men'shund), a. Men- tioned before. FOREMOST (for'mdst), a. First in place; most advanced; first in rank or dignity. [A. S. formest.] FORENOON (for'non), n. Part of the day be- fore noon or mid-day. FORENOTICE (fdr'no-tis), n. Notice of any- thing before it happens. FORENSIC (fo-ren'sik), a. Belonging to courts of judicature, or to public discussion and de- bate. [L. forensis — forum, court, forum.] FOREORDAIN (for-ar-dan'), vt. [pr.p. FORE- ORDAINING; p.t. and p.p. FOREORDAINED (fdr-ar-dand').l Arrange or appoint before- hand; predestinate; predetermine. FOREORDINATION (for-ar-di-na'shun), n. Act of foreordaining or state of being foreor- dained. FOREPART (for'part), n. Part before the rest; front; beginning. FOREPOLE (for-polO, vt. [pr.p. FOREPO'LING; p.t. and p.p. FOREPOLED (for-pdld')»] Mining. Secure or strengthen by adjusting poles. FORERUN (for-run'), vt. [pr.p. FORERUN'- NING; p.t. and p.p. FORERAN (f6r-ran').J Run or come before; precede. FORERUNNER (for-run'er), n. 1. Runner oi messenger sent before. 2. Sign that some- thing is to follow. FORESAIL (for 'sal), n. Sail attached to the fore- yard on the foremast. fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, hSr; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh.=ch in Scotch loch. FORESEE 504 FORGIVE > FORESEE (for-se'), v. [pr.p. FORESEEING; p.t. FORESAW (fdr-sa'); p.p. FORESEEN (for-sen').] I. vt. See or know beforehand. II. vi. Have foresight. FORESHADOW (for-shad'o), vt. [pr.p. FORE- SHADOWING; p.t. and p.p. FORESHAD- OWED (for-shad'od).] Signalize or typify beforehand. FORESHORTEN (for-shart'en), vt. [pr.p. FORE- SHORTENING; p.t. and p.p. FORESHORT- ENED (for-shart'nd).] (In a picture), repre- sent the shortened appearance of (an object) projecting forward. FORESIGHT (for'sit), n. Act of foreseeing; wise forethought; prudence. FOREST (for'est), n. Large uncultivated tract of land covered with trees and underwood. [O. Fr. — L. foras, out of doors.] FORESTALL (for-stal'), vt. [pr.p. FOREST ALL'- ING; p.t. and p.p. FORESTALLED (for-stald).] Anticipate; take possession in advance of; get ahead of. [A. S. See STALL.] SYN. Preoccupy; monopolize; exclude. FORESTAY (for'sta), n. Naut. Large strong rope reaching from the foremast head toward the bowsprit end to support the mast. FORESTER (for'est-er), n. 1. One who has charge of a forest. 2. Inhabitant of a forest. 3. [F-] Member of one of certain fraternal organizations in the U. S. FORESTRY (for'est-ri), n. Art of cultivating and managing forests. FORETASTE (for-tasf), vt. [pr.p. FORETA'- STING; p.t. and p.p. FORETASTED.] Taste before possession; anticipate. FORETASTE (for'tast), n. Taste beforehand; anticipation. FORETELL (for-tel'), v. [pr.p. FORETELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FORETOLD (for-told').] I. vt. Tell before; prophesy. II. vi. Utter proph- ecy. FORETELLER (for-tel'er), n. One who fore- tells. FORETHOUGHT (for 'that), n. Thought or care for the future; provident care. FORETOKEN (for'to-kn), n. Token or sign be- forehand. FORETOKEN (for-to'kn), vt. [pr.p. FORETO'- KENING; p.t. and p.p. FORETOKENED (for-to'knd).] Signify beforehand. FORETOP (for'top), n. 1. Forelock. 2. Naut. Platform at the head of a foremast. FOREVER (for-ev'er), adv. 1. For all time to come; through eternity. 2. Always. SYN. Constantly; continually. FOREVERMORE (for-ev'er-mor), adv. Forever. FORE WARN(f6r-warn '),«>*. [pr.p. FOREWARN- ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREWARNED (fdr- warnd').] Warn beforehand; give previous notice to. FOREWARNING (for-warn'ing), n. Warning beforehand. FOREWOMAN (for'wom-an), n. [pi. FORE- WOMEN (for'wim-en).] Woman who over- sees the employes in any shop, factory, etc. FOREWORD (for'wurd), n. Preface. FORFEIT (far'flt), vt. [pr.p. FORFEITING; p.t. and p.p. FOR'FEITED.] Lose the right to by some fault or crime. [O. Fr. forfait; from L. L. forisfacio, trespass ; from L. foris, abroad, and facto, do.] FORFEIT (far'flt)), n. 1. That which is forfeited; penalty for a crime; fine. 2. Something de- posited and redeemable. FORFEITABLE (far'fit-a-bl), a. Liable or sub- ject to forfeiture. FORFEITURE (far'fi-tur), n. 1. Act of for- feiting or state of being forfeited. 2. Thing forfeited. FORGAVE (for-gav'), v. Past tense of FORGIVE. FORGE (forj or farj), n. 1. Furnace, especially one in which iron is heated. 2. Smithy. 3. Place where anything is shaped or made. [O. Fr. forge; from L. fabrica, workshop.] FORGE (forj or farj), v. [pr.p. FOR'GING; p.t. and p.p. FORGED (forjd).] I. vU 1, Form by heating and hammering; form. 2. Make falsely; fabricate; counterfeit. II. vi. Com- mit forgery. FORGE (forj or farj), v. [pr.p. FOR'GING; p.t. and p.p. FORGED (forjd).] I. vi. Move steadily on, as forge ahead. II. vt. Impel forward, as to forge a vessel over a shoal by the effort of a great quantity of sail. [Etym. doubtful.] FORGER (for'jer or far'jer), n. One who forges or makes; one guilty of forgery. FORGERY (for'jer-i or far'jer-i), n. [pi. FOR- GERIES (for'jer-iz).] 1. Fraudulently making or altering any writing. 2. That which is forged or counterfeited. FORGET (for-gef), vt. [pr.p. FORGET'TING; p.t. FORGOT (for-gof); p.p. FORGOTTEN (for-got'n).] 1. Lose or put away from the memory. 2. Neglect. [A. S. forgitan; from for-, away, and gitan, get.] FORGETFUL (for-get'foD, a. 1. Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; oblivious. 2. Causing forgetfulness. FORGETFULLY (for-geffpl-i), adv. In a for- getful manner. FORGETFULNESS (for-get'fol-nes), n. 1. Quality of being forgetful. 2. Oblivion. 3. Negligence. FORGET-ME-NOT (for-gef- me-not), n. Small herb with beautiful blue flowers. FORGING (for'jing or far'jing),n. 1. Piece of metal that has been shaped by hammering or by being forged. 2. Action of a horse that clicks in overreach- ing while trotting or walking. FORGIVE (for-giv'), vt. [pr.p. FORGIVING; p.t. FORGAVE (for-gav'); p.p. FORGIVEN (for-giv'n).] Par- don; overlook, as an offense or debt. Forget-me-not (Myosotis palus- tris). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch, loch. mute, hut, burn, FORGIVENESS 505 FORMULATE IA. S. for-, away, FORGOING; p.t. >. FORGONE (for- FORGIVENESS (for-giv'nes), n. 1. Pardon; remission. 2. Disposition to pardon. FORGIVING (for-giv'ing), a. Ready to pardon; merciful; compassionate, and gifan, give.] FORGO (for-go'), vt. [pr.p FORWENT (for-wenf); p. gan').] Renounce; abandon; relinquish; fore- go. (Rare.) FORK (fark), n. 1. Instrument with two or more prongs at the end. 2. One of the points or divisions of anything fork-like. FORK (fark), v. [pr.p. FORK'ING; p.t. and p.p. FORKED (farkt).] I. vi. 1. Divide into branch- es, as a road or tree. 2. Shoot into blades, as corn. II. vt. 1. Form as a fork. 2. Pitch with a fork; throw. — Fork over, hand over; hand out; pay up. (Colloq.) FORKED (farkt), a. Opening into two or more parts, points, or shoots; furcated. [A. S. fore — L. furca.] FORLORN (for-larn'), a. Wretched; forsaken. [A. S. forloren.] SYN. Lost; deserted; abandoned; mis- erable; destitute; disconsolate; hapless. ANT. Supported; attended; cherished; be- friended; cheered. FORLORN HOPE (for-larn' hop). Body of sol- diers selected for some service of uncommon danger. [Dut. verloren hoop, forlorn or lost troop.] FORM (farm), n. 1. Shape of a body; outline of an object. 2. Model; mold. 3. Mode of arrangement. 4. Order; regularity; system, as of government. 5. Established practice; ceremony. 6. Type from which an impres- sion is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase. [L. forma, shape.] FORM (farm), v. [pr.p. FORMING; p.t. and p LATING; p.t. and p.p. FORMULATED.] Re- duce to or express in a clear or definite form. FORMULATION (farm-u-la'shun), n. Act, process, or result of formulating. FORMULIZE (farm'u-Hz), vt. [pr.p. FORMA- LIZING; p.t. and p.p. FORMULIZED (farm'- u-lizd).] Reduce to or express in a formula; formulate. FORMYL (farm'il), n. Chem. Radical (HCO) of formic acid. [See FORMIC.] FORNICATE (far'ni-kat), a. Bot. Provided with scale-like appendages. FORNICATION (far-ni-ka'shun), n. Illicit sex- ual intercourse. [L. fornix, vault, brothel.] FORNIX (far'niks), n. [pi. FORNICES (far'ni- sez).] 1. Anat. Arch or fold. 2. Conch. Ex- cavated part of a shell beneath the umbo. [L.] FORSAKE (for-sak'), vt. [pr.p. FORSA'KING; p.U FORSOOK (for-sok'); p.p. FORSAKEN (for-sa'kn).] Desert; abandon. [A. S. forsacan. See SAKE.] FORSAKEN (for-sa'kn), a. Deserted: abandoned; neglected. FORSOOTH (for-soth'), adv. In truth; in fact; certainly. [A. S. forsoth, for truth.] FORSWEAR (for-swar'), vt. [pr.p. FORSWEAR'- ING; p.t. FORSWORE (for-swor') ; p.p. FOR- SWORN (for-sworn').] Renounce or deny upon oath. FORT (fort), n. Small fortress; fortification. [Fr. — L. fortis, strong.] FORTE (fort), n. One's strong point; that in which one excels. [L.] FORTE (for'ta), adv. Music. Strongly; with emphasis; loud. [It.] FORTH (forth), n. River in Scotland. FORTH (forth), adv. Forward in place or order; onward in time; out into view; abroad. FORTHCOMING (forth'kum-ing), a. Just com- ing forth; about to appear. FORTHWITH (forth- with'), adv. Immediately; without delay. [A. S.] FORTIETH (far'tl-eth), I. a. Constituting the fourth tenth. II. n. Fortieth part. [A. S. feowertigotha.] FORTIFICATION (far-ti-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. The act or art of strengthening a military position by means of defensive works, earthwalls, ditches, an abatis, etc. 2. Fort; fortress. 3. That which fortifies. FORTIFY (far'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. FOR'TIFYING; p.U and p.p. FORTIFIED (far'ti-fid).] 1. Strengthen with forts, etc. 2. Strengthen; invigorate. 3. Confirm. [Fr. fortifier.] FORTISSIMO (far-tis'i-mo), adv. Music. Very strong or loud. [It., superl. of forte.] FORTITUDE (far'ti-tud), n. That strength of mind which enables one to meet danger or en- dure pain with calmness. [L. fortitudo — fortis.] FORTNIGHT (fart'nit), n. Two weeks or four- teen days. [Contr. of FOURTEEN NIGHTS.] FORTNIGHTLY (fart'nit-li), a. and adv. Once a fortnight. FORTRESS (far'tres), n. Fortified place; forti- fication; fort. [Fr. forteresse.] Gibraltar. — An impregnable British fortress, standing on an inaccessible rock projecting into the sea at the narrowest part of the strait connecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean. FORTUITOUS (for-tu'i-tus), a. Happening by chance or accident. [L. fortuitus.] SYN. Accidental; undesigned. ANT. De- signed; purposed. FORTUITOUSLY (for-tu'i-tus-li), adv. In a fortuitous manner. FORTUITY (for-tu'i-ti), n. Accident; chance. FORTUNA (far-tu'na), n. Bom. Myth. The goddess of fortune; a temple was erected to her by King Servius Tullius of Rome; usually represented as standing on a wheel, with a bandage over her eyes, and holding a cornu- copia. FORTUNATE (far'tu-nat), a. 1. Coming by good luck or favorable chance. 2. Bringing some unexpected good. 3. Presaging happi- ness; auspicious. 4. Lucky; successful. FORTUNATELY (far'tu-nat-li), adv. In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; hap- pily. [L. fortunatus. See FORTUNE.] FORTUNE (far'tun), n. 1. Whatever comes by lot or chance; luck. 2. Lot that falls to one in life. 3. Success. 4. Wealth. [L. for- tuna — fors, chance; from fero, bear.] SYN. Hap; fate; accident; estate. FORTY (far'ti), I. a. Consisting of four times ten. II. n. Sum of ten and thirty. [A. S. feower, four, and tig, ten.] FORUM (f 6 'rum), n. 1. Market place in ancient Rome; court. 2. Any tribunal of public dis- cussion. [L., akin to foras, out of doors.] FORWARD (far'ward), FORWARDS (far'- wardz), adv. Towards the front; progressively. [A. S. foreweard.] FORWARD (far'ward), a. 1. Near or at the forepart; advanced. 2. Ready; too ready; bold. FORWARD (far'ward), vt. [pr.p. FORWARD- ING; p.t. and p.p. FOR'WARDED.J 1. Help fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bfirn, u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kn=ch in Scotch loch. FORWARDER 507 FOURTH onward; promote; hasten. 2. Send for- ward or on to the destination; transmit. FORWARDER (far'ward-er), n. 1. Promoter. 2. Forwarding merchant or agent. FORWARDING (far'ward-ing), n. Act or busi- ness of sending forward merchandise, etc., for others. FORWARDLY (far'ward-li), adv. In a forward manner. FORWARDNESS (far'ward-nes), n. State of being forward. FOSS (fos), n. Artificial ditch, pond, moat, trench or canal. [L. fossa, trench.] FOSSIL (fos'il), I. a. Dug out of the earth or rocks. II. n. 1. Form of plant or animal, oc- curring in stratified rocks. 2. Bot. Remains of plants or vegetable life converted into stone. [L. fossilis; from fodio, dig.] FOSSILIFEROUS (fos-il-if'er-us), a. Containing fossils. FOSSILIZE (fos'il-iz), v. [pr.p. FOS'SILIZING; p.t. and p.p. FOSSILIZED (fos'il-Izd).] I. vt. Reduce to a fossil. II. vi. Be changed into a fossil. FOSTER (fos'ter), vt. [pr.p. FOS'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FOSTERED (fos'terd).] Bring up; nurse; encourage. [A. S. fostrian — root of FOOD.] 'OSTER-BROTHER (fos'ter-bruffc-er), n. Male child, fostered or brought up with another of different parents. FOSTER-CHILD (fos'ter-child), n. Child nursed or brought up by one who is not its parent. 'OUGHT (fat), v. Past tense and past participle Of FIGHT. 'OUL (fowl), I. a. 1. Filthy; loathsome; pro- fane; impure. 2. Stormy. 3. Unfair; run- ning against; entangled. II. n. Act of foul- ing, colliding, or otherwise impeding due mo- tion or progress; specifically, in a racing con- test, the impeding of a competitor by collision, Jostling or the like; in baseball, a batted ball which first strikes the ground outside the lines drawn from the home base through the first and third bases. [A. S. ful.] FOUL (fowl), v. [pr.p. FOULING; p.t. and p.p. FOULED (fowld).] I. vt. 1. Soil or defile. 2. Come in collision with. 3. Baseball. Hit so as to make a foul. II. vi. 1. Become foul or dirty. 2. Come into collision, as two boats 3. Make a foul play or strike a foul blow. FOULARD (fo-lard'), n. Thin silk or silk and cotton dress goods. [Fr.] FOULLY (fowl'i), adv. In a foul manner. FOUL-MOUTHED (fowl'mowthd), a. Addicted to the use of foul or profane language. FOULNESS (fowl'nes), n. Quality or state of being foul. FOUND (fownd), v. Past tense and past participle of FIND. FOUND (fownd), vt. [pr.p. FOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. FOUND'ED.] Lay the bottom or foundation of; establish on a basis; originate; endow. [L. fundo; from fundus, bottom.] FOUND (fownd), vt. [pr.p. FOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. FOUND'ED.] Form by melting and pouring into a mold; cast. [Fr. fondre; from L. fundo, pour.] FOUNDATION (fown-da'shun), n. 1. Act of founding. 2. Base of a building; ground- work or basis. 3. Permanent fund for the support of anything. FOUNDER (fownd'er), n. [/em. FOUND'RESS.] One who founds, establishes, or originates; endower. FOUNDER (fownd'er), n. One who melts and casts metal, as a brass founder. FOUNDER (fown'der), v. [pr.p. FOUN'DERING; p.t. and p.p. FOUNDERED (fown'derd).] I. vi. Go to the bottom; fill with water and sink. II. vt. Disable by injuring the feet, as of a horse. [Fr. fondre — fond; from L. fundus, bottom.] FOUNDING (fownd'ing), n. Metal-casting. FOUNDLING (fownd'ling), n. Little child found deserted. FOUNDR Y(fownd'ri), FOUNDERT (fownd '§r-l), n. 1. Art of founding or casting. 2. Place where founding is carried on. FOUNT (fownt), FOUNTAIN (f own 'tan), n. 1. Spring of water, natural or artificial. 2. Structure for a jet of water. 3. Source of anything. (L. fons, fontis, spring; from fundo, pour.] FOUNT AINHE AD (fown'tan-hed), n. 1. Head or source of a fountain. 2. Beginning or source of anything. FOUNTAIN-PEN (f own 'tan-pen), n. Writing pen with a reservoir for furnishing a contin- uous supply of ink. FOUR (for), a. and n. Two and two. [A. S. feower.'] FOURFOLD (fdr'f&ld), a. Folded four times; multiplied four times. FOUR-HANDED (for'hand-ed), a. 1. Zool. Quadrumanous, or supplied with four hands. 2. Executed by four hands, as a duet or piece on the piano for four hands. 3. Played by four persons, as a four-handed game of cards or billiards. FOUR-IN-HAND (for'in-hand), n. 1. Vehicle drawn by four horses under control of one driver. 2. Long necktie, which is passed round the neck and tied in form of a slipknot, with both ends pendent. FOURSCORE (for'skor), a. Four times a score — eighty. FOURSQUARE (for'skwar), a. Having four equal sides and angles; square. FOURTEEN (fdr'ten), I. a. Consisting of four and ten. II. n. Four and ten. FOURTEENTH (fdr'tSnth), I. a. Fourth after the tenth. II. n. One of fourteen equal parts. [A. S. fedwerte6tha.] FOURTH (forth), I. a. Next after the third. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; muts, hut, bum, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. FOURTHLY 508 FRANCE II. n. One of four equal parts. — The Fourth, in U. S., Independence Day, July 4th. [A. S. fedrtha.] FOURTHLY (forth '11), adv. In the fourth place. FOVEA (fo've-a), n. [pi. FO'VE^E.] Bot. De- pression or pit on upper surface of leaf base in the genus Isoetes. [L.] FO VILLA (fo-vil'a), n. Bot. Contents of the pollen grain. [L. foveo, nourish.] FOWL (fowl), n. [pi. FOWL or FOWLS.] 1. Bird. 2. Bird of the barnyard or poultry kind; cock or hen. 3. Flesh of fowl. [A. S. fugol.] FOWL (fowl), vi. [pr.p. FOWLING; p.t. and p.p. FOWLED (fowld).] Kill fowls by shooting or snaring. FOWLER (fowl'er), n. Sportsman who takes wild fowl. FOWLING-PIECE (fowl'ing-pes), n. Light gun for small shot, used in hunting. FOX (foks), n. 1. Carnivorous animal of the dog family, noted for cunning. 2. One no- torious for cunning. Common Fox (Vulpes vulgaris). FOX (foks), v. [pr.p. FOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. FOXED (fokst).] I. vt. 1. Make sour. 2. Spot. II. vi. 1. Become sour. 2. Become spotted. FOXGLOVE (foks'gluv), n. Bot. Ornamental flower plant of a purple and white color, also known as Digitalis; especially Digitalis pur- purea. FOXY (foks'i), a. 1. Of or like foxes; cunning; crafty. 2. Having a reddish brown or fox- color. FOYER (fwa-ya'), n. Lobby in theaters, opera- houses, etc. [Fr.] FRACAS (fra'kas), n. Uproar; noisy quarrel. [Fr. fracasser, break.] FRACIDUS (fras'id-us), a. Bot. Over-ripe; ap- proaching rottenness. [L., soft, mellow.] FRACTION (frak'shun), n. 1. Fragment; very small piece. 2. Arith. One or more of the aliquot parts of a unit. FRACTIONAL (frak'shun-al), a. Belonging to or containing a fraction or fractions. — Fractional currency, the small coins or paper-money of lower value than the mone- tary unit of a country. FRACTIOUS (frak'shus), a. Ready to break out In a passion; cross. FRACTIOUSLY (frak'shus-li), adv. In a frac- tious manner. FRACTURE (frak'tur), n. Breakage; rupture of a solid body; breaking of a bone. FRACTURE (frak'tur), vt. [pr.p. FRAC'TURDXG; p.t. and p.p. FRACTURED (frak'turd).] Burst asunder; crack; break. FRAGILE (fraj'il), a. Easily broken; frail; deli- cate. [L. fragilis; from frango, break.] SYN. Brittle; weak; slight; frangible. ANT. Tough; hardy; stout; strong; sturdy. FRAGILITY (fra-jil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being fragile. FRAGMENT (frag'ment), n. Piece broken off; unfinished portion. [Fr. — L. fragmentum; from frango, break.] FRAGMENTARY (frag'men-ta-ri), a. Consist- ing of fragments or pieces; broken. FRAGRANCE (fra'grans), n. 1. Pleasantness of smell or perfume. 2. Sweet or grateful influence. [L. fragrantia — fragrans, pr.p. of fragro, emit a sweet odor.] FRAGRANT (fra'grant), a. Having a pleasant odor or perfume. [L. fragrans; see FRA- GRANCE.] SYN. Aromatic; perfumed; spicy; odor- ous; balmy. ANT. Inodorous; malodor- ous; fetid. FRAGRANTLY (fra'grant'li), adv. In a fragrant manner. FRAIL (fral), n. 1. Rush, from which baskets are woven. 2. Basket woven of rushes. [O. Fr. fraiel — L. fraellum.'] FRAIL (fral), a. Wanting in strength or firmness; weak. [Fr. frele — L. fragilis. See FRAGILE.] FRAILLY (fral'i), adv. In a frail or fragile manner. FRAILNESS (fral'nes), n. Quality or state of being frail. FRAILTY (fral'ti), n. [pi. FRAD/TIES.] 1. Fra- gility. 2. Irresolution. 3. A failing; foible. SYN. Infirmity; peccadillo; weakness. FRAME (fram), vt. [pr.p. FRA'MING; p.t. and p.p. FRAMED (framd).] 1. Form; shape; construct by fitting the parts to each other. 2. Plan. 3. Put a border or frame on. [A. S. fremman, do, effect; from fram, bold, for- ward.] FRAME (fram), n. 1. Form; shape; constitu- tion; structure. 2. Skeleton; fabric. 3. Case made to inclose or support anything. 4. State; temper; mood. FRAME-HOUSE (fram'hows), n. House con- sisting of a framework of timber filled in with boards or shingles. FRA3IER (fra'mer), n. One who frames. FRAMEWORK (fram'wurk), n. 1. Work that forms the frame. 2. Skeleton or outline. FRANC (frangk), n. French silver coin of the value of 19.3 cents, American money. [Fr., from the device Francorum rex, king of the French, on the coin when first struck by King John of England, in 1360.] FRANCE (frans), n. Republic, W. Europe. Area 207,107 sq. m. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; irie, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, btirn, iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khscJi in Scotch loch. FRANCHISE 509 FRECKLE FRANCHISE (fran'chiz or fran'chiz), n. 1. Priv- ilege or right granted by municipalities to street railroad corporations, etc. 2. Right of voting. [Fr., from franc, franche, free.] FRANCISCAN (fran-sis'kan), I. a. Belonging to the order of mendicant friars founded by St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226). II. n. Monk of this order. FRANCO- (frang'ko). Combining form meaning French or Frankish; pertaining to France or the French; as, .Franco-German, .Franco-Rus- sian, etc. FRANGIBLE (fran'ji-bl), a. Easily broken. [L. frango, break.] FRANGIBILITY (fran-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being frangible. FRANGULIN (frang'gu-lin), n. Bot. Yellow crystalline body from the alder-buckthorn (Bhamnus Frangula). FRANK (frangk), n. 1. Member of the ancient German tribe or aggregate of tribes which overthrew the Roman dominion in Gaul and gave origin to the name France. 2. Native of Franconia in S.W. Germany. 3. Name given by the Turks, Greeks, and Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of Europe, French, English, Italians, etc. FRANK (frangk), a. Candid in expression. [Fr. franc — O. Ger. frank, free-man.] SYN. Open; sincere; ingenuous; unre- served. ANT. Disingenuous; close; secre- tive; reserved. FRANK (frangk), n. 1. Letter sent by mail free of postage. 2. That which makes a letter free, as the signature of a person possessing the privilege. 3. Free transportation, as by an express company. FRANK (frangk), vt. [pr.p. FRANK'ING; p.U and p.p. FRANKED (frangkt).] Send free by mail; obtain free transportation for, as by use of a frank or official signature. FRANKFORT (frangk'ffirt), n. Capital of Ken- tucky, on Kentucky river. FrANKFORT-ON-THE-MaIN, n. City in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. FRANKFORT-ON-THE-ODER, n. Town in province of Brandenburg, Prussia. FRANKFURTER (frang'furt-er), n. A sausage made of different meats, highly seasoned. [From Frankfurt, Germany.] FRANKINCENSE (frangk'in-sens), n. Sweet- smelling resin issuing from a tree in Arabia, and used in sacrifices. [O. Fr. franc encens, pure incense.] FRANKLINITE ( frangk 'lin-it), n. Oxide of combined iron, manganese and zinc. FRANKLY (frangk'li), adv. In a frank manner; candidly. FRANKNESS (frangk'nes), n. Openness; can- dor. FRANTIC (fran'tik), a. Mad; furious; wild. [Fr. frenetique — Gr. phrenStikos, suffering from inflammation of the brain.] FRANTICALLY (fran'tik-al-i), FRANTICLY (fran'tik-li), adv. In a frantic manner. FRANZ-JOSEF LAND n. Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, N. of Nova Zembla. FRAPPE* (f rap-pa'), a. I. Made intensely cold by artificial freezing, as frappe wine. II. n. Frappe mixture. [Fr. frapper, strike.] FRATERNAL (fra-ter'nal), a. Belonging to a brother or brethren; becoming brothers. [L. fraternalis — frater, brother.] FRATERNALLY (fra-ter'nal-i), adv. In a fra- ternal manner. FRATERNITY (fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. FRATER'- NITIES.] 1. State of being brethern. 2. Society formed on a principle of brotherhood. [L. fraternitasJ] FRATERNIZATION (frat-er-ni-za'shun), n. Act of fraternizing. FRATERNIZE (frat'er-niz), vi. {pr.p. FRAT'- ERNIZING; p.U and p.p. FRATERNIZED (frat'er-nizd).] 1. Associate as brothers. 2. Seek brotherly fellowship. FRATRICIDAL (frat'ri-si-dal), a. Of, pertain- ing to, or guilty of, fratricide. FRATRICIDE (frat'ri-sid), n. One who kills his brother. [Fr. — L. frater and caedo, kill.] FRAUD (frad), n. 1. Deceit. 2. Deceptive trick. 3. Trickster. [L. fraus, fraudls.] SYN. Deception; imposture; craft; im- position; sham. ANT. Honesty; fairness; integrity. FRAUDULENCE (frad'u-lens), n. Quality of being fraudulent. FRAUDULENT (frad'u-Ient), a. 1. Using or practicing fraud. 2. Characterized by fraud. FRAUDULENTLY (frad'u-lent-li), adv. In a fraudulent manner. FRAUGHT (frat), a. Freighted; laden; filled. [Sw. frakta, load.] FRAXIN (fraks'in), n. Bot. Principal ingre- dient in the bark of the ash-tree (Fraxinus ex- celsior). FRAY (fra), n. Affray. FRAY (fra), vt. [pr.p. FRAY'ING; p.p. and p.U FRAYED (frad).] Wear off by rubbing; ravel. [Fr. frayer — L. frico, rub.] FRAZZLE (fraz'l), v. [pr.p. FRAZ'ZLING; p.U and p.p. FRAZZLED (fraz'id).] I. vt. Reduce to tatters; fray or fret; wear out. II. vi. Fray out; ravel; become frayed. [Doub- let of FRIZZLE.] FRAZZLE (fraz'l), n. 1. State of being frayed or frazzled. 2. Tatters. 3. Raveled, frayed, or ragged edge. 4. Finish, as beaten to a frazzle. FREAK (frek), n. 1. Sudden caprice or fancy. 2. Monstrosity; sport; monster. [A. S. free, bold, rash.] SYN. Folly; whim; prank; caper; antic. FREAKISH (frek'ish), a. 1. Apt to change the mind suddenly. 2. Capricious. FRECKLE (frek'l), n. Yellowish spot on the skin; any small spot. [Ice. freknur, spots.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. FRECKLE 510 FRENZY FRECKLE (frek'l), v. [pr.p. FRECKLING; p.U and p.p. FRECKLED (frek'ld).] I. vU Mark with freckles. II. vi. Become marked with freckles. FRECKLED (frek'ld), FRECKLY (frek'li), a. Marked with freckles. Fredericksburg (fred'er-iks-burg), n. city, Virginia, on Rappahannock River. FREE (frS), a. 1. Not bound; at liberty; not under arbitrary government; set at liberty. 2. Guiltless. 3. Frank. 4. Lavish. 5. Not attached. 6. Exempt (followed by from). 7. Gratuitous. 8. Idiomatic, as a transla- tion. [A. S. fred.] SYN. Unhindered; unconditional; open; unobstructed. ANT. Obstructed; clogged; bound; confined; restrained. FREE (fre), vt. [pr.p. FREE'ING; p.t. and p.p, FREED (fred).] 1. Set at liberty. 2. Deliver from what confines. 3. Rid or relieve. FREE-AGENCY (fre'a-jen-si), n. State or power of acting freely or without necessity or constraint upon the will. FREEBOOTER (fre'bot-er), n. One who roves about freely in search of booty; plunderer. [See BOOTY.] FREEDMAN (fred'man), n. [pi. FEEED'MEN.J One who has been a slave, and has been freed or set free. FREEDOM (fre'dum),n. 1. Liberty. 2. Frank- ness. 3. Privileges connected with a citizen- ship. 4. Improper familiarity; license. FREE-HAND (fre'hand), a. Term applied to drawing, in which the hand Is not assisted by any guiding or measuring instruments, such as compasses, rulers, scales, etc. FREE-HANDED (fre'hand-ed), a. Open-handed; liberal. FREE-HEARTED (fre'hart-ed), a. Open-heart- ed; liberal. FREEHOLD (fre'hold), n. Property in Great Britain and Ireland held free of duty except to the sovereign. FREEHOLDER (fre'h61d-er), n. One who pos- sesses a freehold. FREE-LANCE (fre'lans), n. 1. One of a com- pany of armed men who in the middle ages sold their services to fight on any side in a quarrel. 2. One who takes a side in any controversy on his own account and not as a pledged partisan; one who uses great freedom In speech or writing. FREELY (fre'li), adv. Without restraint or hin- drance. FREEMAN (fre'man), n. [pi. FREEMEN.] 1. Man who is free or enjoys liberty. 2. One who holds a particular franchise or privi- lege. I REEMASON (fre'ma-sn), n. Member of an ancient and secret fraternity, said to have originated in the middle ages, and been first composed of certain privileged guilds of ma- sons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoy- ment and mutual assistance. FREEMASONRY (fre'ma-sn-ri), n. 1. Institu- tions, tenets and practices of freemasons. 2. Brotherhood. FREESTONE (fre'ston), n. 1. Stone composed of sand or grit. 2. Peach or other fruit, the flesh of which does not cling to the stone when ripe. FREETHINKER (fr6'thlngk-er), n. One who professes to think independently of revelation or church authority. FREE TRADE (fre trad). Free interchange of commodities, without any customhouse duties, except such as are necessary for revenues and police services. FREE-WILL (fre'wil), I. n. Freedom of the will from restraint; liberty of choice. II. o. Spontaneous. FREEZE (frez), v. [pr.p. FREEZ'ING; p.U FROZE (froz) ; p.p. FROZEN (fro'zn).] I. vi. Become ice or like a solid body. II. vt. Harden Into ice; cause to shiver as with terror. [A. S. freosan.] FREIGHT (frat), n. 1. Lading or cargo, espe- cially of a ship. 2. Merchandise, live stock and produce, transported by public carriers otherwise than by express. 3. Charge for transporting goods as freight by water or by rail. [From FRAUGHT.] FREIGHT (frat), vt. [pr.p. FREIGHTING; p.U and p.p. FREIGHT'ED.] 1. Load for trans- portation, as a ship or railway car. 2. Hire or charter for the transportation, of goods. 3. Load or burden, as with a cargo. 4. Ship or transport as freight, as to freight cat- tle. FREIGHTAGE (frat'aj), n. 1. Money paid for freight. 2. Cargo; freight. 3. Transpor- tation of freight. FREIGHT-CAR (frat'kar), n. Railway car for carrying merchandise as freight. FREIGHTER (frat'er), n. 1. Vessel that carries freight. 2. One who freights a vessel. 3. One who sends merchandise by freight; shipper. FREIGHT-TRAIN (frat'tran), freight-cars; called goods train in England. FRENCH (french), I. a. Be- longing to the people of France. II. n. 1. Lan- guage of France. 2. Peo- ple of France. FRENCHING (french'ing), n. Bot. Disease caused by Fu8arium vasinfectum in the leaf of the cotton plant. Frenchman (french'man), n. [pi. FRENOB 'MEN.] Na- tive of France. FRENZIED (fren'zid), a. Affected with frenzy,, FRENZY (fren'zi),n. [pi. FREN'ZIES.] Violent Train Victor Hugo, French novelist and poet. Born, 1802— died, 1885. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mfite, hut, burn. u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. ' FREQUENCY 511 FRIENDLY excitement approaching to madness; mania. [Gr. phrenitis, inflammation of the brain.] FREQUENCY (frS'kwen-si), n. 1. Quality of occurring frequently. 2. Periodicity. FREQUENT (fre'kwent), a. Coming or occur- ring often. [L. frequens, frequentis, frequent.] FREQUENT (fre-kwenf), vt. [pr.p. FRE- QUENTING; p.U and p.p. FREOUENT'ED.] Visit often. FREQUENTATION (fre-kwen-ta'shun), n. Act of frequenting or visiting often. FREQUENTATIVE (fre-kwen'ta-tiv), I. a. Gram. Denoting the frequent repetition of an action. II. n. Gram. Verb expressing this repetition. FREQUENTER (fre-kwent'er), n. One who frequents or habitually visits; habitue. FREQUENTLY (fre'kwent-li), adv. At frequent intervals; often. FREQUENTNESS (fre'kwent-nes), n. Fre- quency. FRESCO (fres'ko), n. [pi. FRESCOS (fres'koz) or FRESCOES (fres'koz).] Painting executed on plaster or mortar while wet or fresh. [It.] FRESCO (fres'kd), vt. [pr.p. FRES'COING; p.U and p.p. FRESCOED (fres'kod).] Paint in fresco. FRESH (fresh), a. 1. In a state of activity and health; new and strong; recently produced or obtained. 2. Untried. 3. Having renewed vigor. 4. Not salt. [A. S. fersc] FRESHEN (fresh'n), v. [pr.p. FRESHENING; p.U and p.p. FRESHENED (fresh'nd).] I. vt. Make fresh; take the saltness from. II. vi. Grow fresh; grow brisk or strong. FRESHET (fresh'et), n. Sudden overflow of a river from rain or melted snow. FRESHMAN (fresh'man), n. [pi. FRESHMEN.] One in the rudiments of knowledge, especially a university student in his first year. FRET (fret), v. [pr.p. FRET'TING; p.U and p.p. FRET'TED.] I. vt. 1. Wear away by rub- bing. 2. Eat into. 3. Vex. II. vi. 1. Wear away. 2. Vex one's self. 3. Be pee- vish. [A. S. fretan, eat.] FRET (fret), n. 1. Act or process of fretting. 2. Abrasion or corrosion. 3. An agitation of the surface of a fluid. 4. State of chafing or vexation. 5. Pathol. Herpes or tetter. ment con- sisting of small fillets Intersecting Grecian Frets. each other at right angles. [O. Fr. frete, trellis-work.] FRET (fret), vt. [pr.p. FRET'TING; p.U and p.p. FRET'TED.] 1. Ornament with fret or raised work. 2. Variegate. FRET (fret), n. Short wire or bar on the finger- board of a guitar or other Instrument. [Prob. from O. Fr. frete, ferrule.] FRETFUL (fret'fol), a. Peevish. SYN. See CROSS. FRETFULLY (fret'fol-i), adv. In a fretful or peevish manner. FRET-SAW (fret'sa), n. Scroll-saw. FRETTED (fret'ed), a. Ornamented with frets. FRETWORK (fret'wurk), n. Work adorned with frets or perforated. FrEY (fri), n. Norse Myth. God of the earth's f ruitf ulness ; son of Njord. FREYA (fri'a), n. Norse Myth. Sister of Frey; goddess of f ruitf ulness and love; her chariot Was drawn by two cats; those slain in battle belonged to her. FRIABILITY (frl-a-bil'i-ti), FRIABLENESS (fri'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being friable. FRIABLE (fri'a-bl), a. Easily reduced to powder. L. friabilis — frio, rub.] FRIAR (fri'ar), n. Member of one of the four mendicant orders: Gray Friars, or Francis- cans; Augustinians ; Black Friars or Domini- cans; White Friars or Carmelites. [Fr. frSre — L. f rater, brother.] FRIARY (fri'ar-i), n. Monastery or residence of friars. FRIBBLE (frib'l), vi. [pr.p. FRIB'BLING; p.U and p.p. FRIBBLED (frib'ld).] Act frivolously; trifle. [From FRIVOLOUS.] FRIBBLE (frib'l), n. 1. Trifler. 2. Trifle. FRICASSEE (frik-as-se'), n. Dish made of rab- bit, veal, chicken, or other meat, cut Into pieces and cooked in sauce. [Fr.] FRICASSEE (frik-as-se'), vt. [pr.p. FRICAS- SEE'ING; p.U and p.p. FRICASSEED (frik-as- sed').] Make into a fricassee. FRICTION (frik'shun), n. 1. Act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of an- other; attrition. 2. Mech. Effect of rubbing; resistances which a moving body meets with from the surface on which it moves. 3. Lack of harmony. [L. frico, rub.] FRICTIONAL (frik'shun-al), a. Relating to, moved by, or produced by, friction. FRIDAY (fri'da), n. Sixth day of the week. [A. S. Frigedceg — Frigu, the wife of the god Odin, and dwg, day.] FRIED (frid), v. Past tense and past participle of FRY. FRIEND (frend), n. 1. One loving or attached to another; intimate acquaintance; favorer. 2. One not an enemy; one of the same party, or nation. 3. [F-] Member of the Society of Friends, a community of Christians distin- guished for their plainness of speech and manner; Quaker. [A. S. freond, pr.p. of freon, love.] FRIENDLINESS (frend'li-nes), n. Disposition to be friendly. FRIENDLY (frend'li), a. 1. Like a friend. 2. Having the disposition of a friend. 3. Fa- vorable. fate, fat, task, fiir, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, " u=w in 'Scotch, gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c?i in Scotch loch. FRIENDSHIP 512 FRGCKED Friesian Woman. Frigate. SYN. Kindly; amicable. ANT. Hostile; inimical. FRIENDSHIP (frend'ship), n. Attachment from mutual esteem; friendly assistance. FRIESE (frez), FrIESIAN (frS'zi-an), FRISIAN (friz'i-an), n. Native or inhabitant of Friesland. FRIEZE (frSz), n. Coarse woolen cloth with a nap on one side. [Fr. frlse; prob. fromDut. Vrlesland, Friesland, whence the cloth came.] FRIEZE (frez), n. Arch. Part of the entablature of a column between the architrave and cornice, often ornamented with figures. [Etym. doubtful.] FRIGATE (frig'at), n. Quick- sailing ship-of-war of sec- ond-rate power. [It. fregata — L. fabricata, built.] FRIGATE-RIRD (frig'at- bSrd), n. Large tropical sea-bird, with very long wings, probably named from its rapid flight. FRIGHT (frit), n. 1. Sud- den fear. 2. Shocking sight. [A. S. fyrhtu.] STN. Alarm; dismay; consternation; terror; affright; apprehension; timidity. ANT. Confidence; security; quiet. FRIGHTEN (frit'n), vt. [pr.p. FRIGHTENING; p.t. and p.p. FRIGHTENED (frit'nd).] Make afraid; alarm suddenly; scare. FRIGHTFUL (frit'fol), a. Causing or inspiring fright; terrible; shocking. SYN. Dreadful; fearful; horrible. ANT. Pleasing; lovely. FRIGHTFULLY (frit'fol-i), adv. In a frightful manner. FRIGID (frij'id), a. 1. Frozen or stiffened with cold; cold; ley; wintry, as the frigid zone. 2. Without spirit or feeling; unanimated. 3. Forbidding in manner; chilling; impassive. [L. frlgidus — frigus, cold. J FRIGIDITY (fri-jid'i-ti), n. State of being frigid. FRIGIDLY (frij'id-li), adv. In a frigid manner. FRIGIDNESS (frij'id-nes), n. Frigidity. FRIGORIFIC (frig-o-rif'ik), a. Causing cold. [L. frigus, cold, and facio, make.] FRILL (fril), v. [pr.p. FRILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FRILLED (frild).] I. vi. Ruffle, as a hawk's feathers, when shivering. II. vt. 1. Furnish with a frill. 2. Form Into a frill. [O. Fr. fritter, shiver.] FRILL (fril), n. Ruffle; ruffled or crimped edg- ing of linen; ruffle of feathers, hair, etc. FRINGE (frinj), n. Loose threads or strips form- ing a border; extremity. [Fr. f range — L. fimbrice, threads, fibers.] FRINGE (frinj), vt. [pr.p. FRIN'GING; p.t. and p.p. FRINGED (frinjd).] Adorn with fringe; border. FRINGY (frin'ji), a. Ornamented with fringes. FRIPPERY (frip'er-i), n. Worn-out clothes; dowdy finery; useless trifles. [Fr. friperie — fripper, waste.] FRISEUR (fre-zur'), n. Hairdresser. [Fr.] FRISIAN (friz'i-an), n. Inhabitant or native of Friesland. FRISK (frisk), n. Fit of wanton gaiety; gam- bol; frolic. [Fr. frisque.} FRISK (frisk), vi. [pr.p. FRISK'ING; p.t. and p.p. FRISKED (friskt).] Skip about play- fully; gambol; frolic. FRISKILY (frisk'i-li), adv. In a frisky manner. FRISKINESS (frisk'i-nes), n. Quality of being frisky. FRISKY (frisk'i), a. Lively; frolicsome. FRITH (frith), FIRTH (ferth), n. 1. Narrow arm of the sea; an estuary. 2. Opening of a river into the sea. [Ice. fjbrthr; Norw. fjord.] FRITTER (frit'er), n. 1. Piece of meat fried. 2. Kind of cake fried in hot lard. 3. Frag- ment. [O. Fr. friture, a frying; from L. f rictus, p.p. of frigo, fry.] FRITTER (frit'er), vt. [pr.p. FRIT'TERING; p.t. and p.p. FRITTERED (frit'erd).] 1. Rreak or cut into fragments. 2. Waste by degrees. FRIVOLITY (friv-ol'i-ti), n. [pi. FRIVOLI- TIES.] Act or habit of trifling; unbecom- ing levity. FRIVOLOUS (friv'o-lus), a. Trifling; slight; silly. [L. frivolus.] FRIVOLOUSLY (friv'o-lus-li), adv. In a frivo- lous manner. FRIVOLOUSNESS (friv'o-lus-nes), n. Quality or state of being frivolous. FRIZZ, FRIZ (friz), vt. [pr.p. FRIZZ'ING; p.t. and p.p. FRIZZED (frizd).] Crimp; curl. [O. Fr. friser, curl.] FRIZZ, FRIZ (friz), n. Anything frizzed; curl; crimp. FRIZZLE (friz'l), vt. [pr.p. FRIZ'ZLING; p.t. and p.p. FRIZZLED (friz Id).] 1. Form in small short curls. 2. Crisp or curl in cooking. — Frizzled beef, thin slices of dried beef crisped over a fire. [Dim. of FRIZZ.] FRIZZLE (friz'l), n. Small curl or crimp of hair. FRO (fro), adv. From; back; backward. [Short- ened form of FROM; or directly derived from Ice. frd, from.] FROCK (frok), n. 1. Monk's outer garment, girded and with a hood. 2. Loose outer garment; smock frock; gown. 3. Woman's or girl's outer gown or dress. [Fr. froc, a monk's cowl — L. floccus, wool.] FROCK (frok), vt. [pr.p. FROCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. FROCKED (frokt).] 1. Furnish with a frock. 2. Invest with priestly office. FROCK-COAT (frok'kot), n. Double-breasted, full-skirted coat for men. FROCKED (frokt), a. Clothed in a frock. fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. FROG 513 FROWN FROG (frog), n. 1. Amphibious animal having four legs with four toes on the fore feet and five on the hind, more or less webbed, a naked body, no ribs, and no tail. 2. Tender tri- angular growth in the middle of the sole of a horse's foot. 3. Triangular support or crossing plate of a railway track, where one line branches off from another or crosses it at an oblique angle. [A. S. frogga.] American frog (Rana sylvatica). FROG (frog), n. 1. Fastening for a frock or gown, generally in the form of a tassel, or spindle-shaped button covered with silk or other materal, which is passed through a loop. 2. Loop of a sword or bayonet scabbard. [Pg. froco — L. fiocctlS, tuft of wool.] FROLIC (frol'ik), I. a. Merry; pranky. II. n. 1. Wild prank. 2. Merrymaking. [Dut. vrolyk, merry.] FROLIC (frol'ik), vi. [pr.p. FROI/ICKXNG; p.t. and p.p. FROLICKED (frol'ikt).] Engage in fun or merrymaking; sport; frisk. FROLICSOME (frol'ik-sum), a. Gay; frisky; sportive. FROLICSOMENESS (frol'ik-sum-nes), n. Quality of being frolicsome. FROM (from), prep. 1. Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind. 2, Beginning at; starting at. 3. By reason of; out of; by aid of. [A. S.] FROND (frond), n. Leafy branch or stalk; combi- nation of stem and leaf, as in the fern. [L. frons, frondis, leaf.] FRONDESCENCE (fron-des'ens), n. 1. Bursting into leaf. 2. Time when leaves unfold. FRONT (frunt), I. n. 1. Forehead; face. 2. Forepart; most conspicuous part. 3. Bold- ness; impudence, II. o. Of, relating to, or in, the front. [L. frons, frontis, forehead.] FRONT (frunt), v. [pr.p. FRONTING; p.t. and p.p. FRONTED.] I. vt. Be in front of or opposite; oppose face to face. II. vi. Stand in front or foremost; turn the front or face. FRONTAGE (frunt'aj), n. Front linear extent of a building or lot. FRONTAL (fron'taD, I. a. Of, or belonging to, the front or forehead. II. n. 1. Front piece; something worn on the forehead or face. 2. Arch. Pediment over a door or window. FRONTIER (frun'ter or frun-ter'), I. n. 1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country; border. 2. Confines of civilization. II. a. Of, or pertaining to, or acquired on, a frontier. [Fr. frontiere, border.] FRONTISPIECE (frun'tis-pes), n. Figure or en- graving in front of a book. [L. frons, front, and specio, see.] FRONTLET (fruntlet), n. 1. Frontal; brow- band. 2. Margin of the head behind the bill of birds, generally clothed with rigid bristles. FROST (frast), n. 1. Temperature at which water freezes. 2. Frozen dew, also called hoar-frost. [A. S. frost; from freosan, freeze.] FROST (frast), vt. [pr.p. FROST'ING; p.t. and p.p. FROST'ED.] 1. Cover with frost or with anything resembling hoar-frost. 2. Injure by frost-bite. FROST-BITE (frast'bit), n. Freezing or depres- sion of vitality in a part of the body by expo- sure to cold. FROST-BITTEN (frast'bit-en), a. Affected by frost. FROSTILY (frast'i-li), adv. In a frosty manner. FROSTINESS (frast'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being frosty. FROSTING (frast'ing), n. 1. Composition, re- sembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake, etc. etc. 2. Dull ice-like finish of a glass or metal surface. FROST-WORK (frast'wurk), n. Work resem- bling hoar-frost on shrubs, or frost from con- densation of warm air on window panes. FROSTY (frast'i), a. 1. Producing or containing frost. 2. Chill in affection. 3. Frost-like. FROTH (frath), n. 1. Foam on liquids caused by boiling, agitation, fermentation, etc. 2. Empty show in speech. 3. Any light matter. [Ice. frodha.] FROTH (frath), v. [pr.p. FROTH'ING; p.t. and p.p. FROTHED (frathd).] I. vt. 1. Cause froth to appear on; make foam. 2. Cover with froth. 3. Give vent to ; spit out. II. vi. 1. Form froth. 2. Give vent to empty words. FROTHILY (frath 'i-li), adv. In a frothy manner. FROTHINESS (frath'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being frothy. FROTHY (frath'i), a. [comp. FROTH'IER; superl. FROTH'IEST.] Full of froth or foam; hence, empty; unsubstantial. FROU-FROU (fro'fro), n. Rustling, especially of silk garments. [Fr.] FROUZY, a. See FROWZY. FROW (frow), n. Woman; wife. [Dut. vrouw.] FROW (frow), n. Wedge-shaped cleaving tool used by coopers. [Etym doubtful.] FROWARD (fro'ward), a. Self-willed; perverse; unreasonable. [A. S. from, away, averse, and -weard, -ward.] SYN. Contrary; wayward; refractory. ANT. Favorable; docile; amenable. FROWARDLY (frd'ward-li), adv. In a froward manner. FROWARDNESS (fro'ward-nes), n. Quality or state of being froward. FROWN (frown), v. [pr.p. FROWNING; p.t. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, ii=« in "Scotch glide; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. FROWN 514 FUGITIVE and p.p. FROWNED (frownd).] I. vi. Wrin- kle the brow, as in anger; look angry. II. vt. Repel or drive by a frown. [O. Fr. froignier, knit the brow.] FROWN (frown), n. Contraction of the brow in displeasure, etc.; stern look; scowl. FROWZILY (frow'zi-li), adv. In a frowzy manner. FROWZINESS (frow'zi-nes), n. Quality or state of being frowzy. FROWZY (frow'zi), a. [comp. FROWZIER; superl. FROWZIEST.] Slovenly; untidy; un- kempt. [Etym. doubtful.] FROZEN (fro'zn), v. Past participle of FREEZE. FRUCTIFICATION (fruk-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of fructifying, or producing fruit. 2. All the parts that compose the flower and fruit. FRUCTIFY (fruk'ti-fi), v. [pr.p. FRUCTIFYING; p.t. and p.p. FRUCTIFIED (fruk'ti-fid).J I. vt. Make fruitful; fertilize. II. vi. Rear fruit. [L. fructifico — fructus, fruit, and facio, make.] FRUGAL (fro'gal), a. 1. Sparing; saving; plain; inexpensive. 2. Economical in the use of means; thrifty. [L. frugalis — frux, fruit.] SYN. Saving; sparing; penurious; par- simonious; niggardly; miserly. ANT. Pro- fuse; luxurious; extravagant; prodigal. FRUGALITY (fro-gal'i-ti), n. [pi. FRUGALI- TIES.] Quality of being frugal; economy; thrift. FRUGIFEROUS (fro-jif'er-us), a. Fruit-bearing. [L. frux, fruit, and fero, bear.] FRUGIVOROUS (fro-jiv'o-rus), a. Feeding on fruits. [L. frux, fruit, and voro, eat.] FRUIT (f rot), n. I. Produce of the earth, which supplies the wants of men and animals. 2. Part of a plant which contains the seed. 3. Offspring; product; consequence; effect; ad- vantage. [O. Fr. fruict — L. fructus — fruor, enjoy.] FRUITAGE (frot'aj), n. Fruit collectively; fruits. FRUITERER (frot'er-er), n. One who deals in fruit. FRUITFUL (frot'fQl), a. Producing fruit abun- dantly; productive. SYN. Prolific; pregnant; causative; ef- fective; successful. ANT. Unproductive; sterile; barren; fruitless; ineffectual; abor- tive; useless. FRUITFULLY (frot'fol-i), adv. In a fruitful manner. FRUITFULNESS (frot'fol-nes), n. Quality of being fruitful. FRUITION (fro-ish'un), n. Enjoyment; satis- factory use or possession of anything, espe- cially accompanied with pleasure. [O. Fr. fruition — L. fruor, enjoy.] FRUITLESS (frofles), a. 1. Without fruit; barren. 2. Useless; vain. FRUMP (frump), n. 1. Taunt; jeer. 2. Disa- greeable, ill-tempered, dowdy woman or girl. [Etym. obscure.] FRUSTRATE (frus'trat), vt. [pr.p. FRUSTRA- TING; p.t. and p.p. FRUSTRATED.] Make vain or of no effect; bring to nothing; defeat. [L. frustra, in vain — fraus, fraud.] SYN. Raffle; balk; foil; thwart. ANT. Aid; abet; enforce; assist; promote; ad- vance. FRUSTRATION (frus-tra'shun), n. Act of frus- trating; defeat. FRUSTUM (frus'tum), n. 1. Part of a cone, pyramid, etc., which remains when the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base. 2. Any remainder. [L. frustum, fragment.] FRY (fri), v. [pr.p. FRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. FRIED (frld).] I. vi. Cook (food) with oil or fat in a pan over the fire. II. vi. Undergo the action of heat in a frying-pan; simmer. [Fr. frire — L. frigo, fry.] FRY (fri), n. [pi. FRIES (friz).] 1. Dish of anything fried. 2. State of ferment or agita- tion. FRY (fri), n. sing, and pi. 1. Swarm of fishes just spawned. 2. Seed; offspring; number of small things. [Fr. frai, spawn.] Fuchsia (fu'sM-a), n. Bot. 1. Genus of plants with long pendulous flowers, originally na- tives of S. America. 2. [f-] Plant of this genus. [Named after Leonard Fuchs, a German bota- nist.] FUCHSINE (fok'sin), n. Deautiful aniline color; magenta. [From resem- bling the fuchsia in color.] FUDDLE (fud'l), v. [pr.p. FUD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. FUDDLED (fud'ld).] 1. vt. Stupefy with drink; intoxicate. II. vi. Decome intoxicated. [Etym. doubtful.] FUDDLE (fud'l), n. Intoxication. FUDGE (fuj), I. n. 1. Nonsense. 2. Special kind of home-made candy. 3. Print. Type forms used for getting up special or extra editions of daily papers and usually printed in colors in space left for the purpose in regu- lar editions. II. inter}. Expressive of disdain or contempt. FUDGE (fuj), v. [pr.p. FUDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. FUDGED (fujd).] I. vt. Rungle. II. vi. 1. Slight one's work. 2. Take unfair advantage. FuEGIAN (fu-e'ji-an), I. a. Relonging to Tierra del Fuego. II. n. Native or inhabi- tant of Tierra del Fuego. FUEL (fuel), n. 1. Anything that feeds a fire. 2. Whatever supports heat, excitement, or energy. [O. Fr. fouailles — L. L. focale — L. focus, fireplace.] FUGITIVE (fu'ji-tiv), I. a. Apt to flee away; uncertain; volatile; perishable; temporary* II. n. One who flees from duty, danger or restraint. [L. fugitivus — fugio, flee.] Fuchsia (F. macro- stemma). fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. FUGITIVELY 515 FUMIGATION In a fugitive Quality of FUGITIVELY (fuji-tiv-li), adv. manner. FUGITIVENESS (fu'ji-tiv-nes), n. being fugitive. FUGLE3IAN (fu'gl-man), n. [pi. FU'GLEMEN.] 1. File-leader. 2. Ringleader. [Ger. flue- gelmann.] FUGUE (fug), n. Music. Composition in which several themes follow one another at certain intervals. fFr. — L. fuga, flight.] -FUL, suffix. 1. Full of. 2. As much as will fill. FULCRUM (ful'krum), n. [pi. FUL'CRUMS or FUL'CRA.] 1. Prop or fixed point on which a lever moves. 2. Prop; support. [L.] FULFILL, FULFIL (fol-fiT), vt. [pr.p. FULFIL- LING; p.U and p.p. FULFILLED (fQl-fild).] Complete; accomplish; carry into effect. FULFILLMENT (fol-fil'ment), n. Full perform- ance; completion; accomplishment. FULGENCY (ful'jen-si), n. State of being ful- gent. FULGENT (ful'jent), a. Bright; dazzling. [L. fulgeo, flash.] FULGURITE (ful'gu-rit), n. 1. A powerful ex- plosive containing nitroglycerine. 2. Fusion of sand or rock into glass of tubular form by passage of lightning flash. FULL (fol), vt. [pr.p. FULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. FULLED.] 1. Press or pound, as cloth in a mill. 2. Scour and thicken in a mill. [Fr. fouller, stamp, tread — L. fullo 9 cloth-fuller.] FULL (fQl), I. a. 1. Having all anything can contain; having no empty space. 2. Abun- dantly supplied or furnished. 3. Abounding. 4. Containing the whole matter; complete; perfect. 5. Strong; clear. II. n. 1. Complete measure. 2. Highest degree. 3. Whole. 4. Time of full-moon. HI. adv. Quite; to the same degree; with the whole effect; com- pletely. [A. S. full.] FULLER (fol'er), n. Bleacher or cleanser of cloth. — Fullers* earth, soft earth or clay, capable of absorbing grease, used in fulling. [L. fullo.] .FULLNESS, FULNESS (fQl'nes), n. State or quality of being full. FULL-ORBED (fQl'arbd), a. Having the orb or disk fully illuminated, as the full-moon? round. FULLY (fQlD, adv. Abso- lutely; com- pletely; en- tirely. FULMAR (fol'- mar),n. Large 11 petrel, of the "^ genus ProceU-. laria, inhab- iting the arc- tic seas Fulmar (Procellaria glaciahs). FULMINANT (ful'mi-nant), I. a. Fulminating. II. n. That which fulminates; explosive. [L. fulminans, pr.p. of fulmlno, lighten; from fulgeo, flash.] FULMINATE (ful'mi-nat), v. [pr.p. FUL'MI- NATING; p.t. and p.p. FUL'MINATED.] I. vi. 1. Thunder; make a loud noise. 2. Issue decrees with violence. 3. Become suddenly bright. II. vt. 1. Cause to explode. 2. Send forth, as a denunciation. [L. fulmlna- tus, p.p. of fulmino, lighten.] FUL31INATE (ful'mi-nat), n. Compound of nitro-aceto-nitrile, known as fulminic acid, with mercury, etc. FULMINATION (ful-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act of fulminating, thundering, or issuing forth. 2. Denunciation. 3. Chemical explosion. {L. fulmen, thunderbolt.] FULMINIC (ful-min'ik), a. Capable of detona- tion. FULSOME (ful'sum), a. Cloying; nauseous; offensive; gross; disgustingly fawning. [A. S. fulsum.] FULSOMELY (ful'sum-li), adv. In a fulsome manner. FULSOMENESS (ful'sum-nes), n. Quality of being fulsome. FULVOUS (ful'vus), a. Bot. Yellow-hued. FUMATORIUM (fu-ma-to'ri- um), FUMA- TORY (fu'- ma-t6-ri), n. Specially con- structed air- and smoke- J*^ tight tent or - other struc- ture to fumi- gate trees and plants for the extermination of destructive insects. FUMBLE (fum'bl), v. [pr.p. FUM'BLING; p.t. and p.p. FUMBLED (fum'bld).] I. vi. 1. Grope about awkwardly. 2. Do anything awkwardly. 3. Clumsily catch or stop a ball in baseball so as to lose an advantage that would have been otherwise gained. II. vt. 1. Handle much. 2. Manage awkwardly. [Dut. fommelen, move incessantly and in Jerks.] FUMBLER (fum'bler), n. One who fumbles. FUME (fum), n. 1. Smoke; vapor. 2. Any volatile matter. 3. Heat of mind; rage. 4. Empty conceit. [Fr. — L. fumus, smoke.] FUME (fum), vi. [pr.p. FU'MING; p.t. and p.p. FUMED (fumd).] 1. Throw off vapor or fumes. 2. Be In a rage. FUMIGATE (fu'mi-gat), vt. [pr.p. FU'MIGA- TTSG; p.t. and p.p. FU'MIGATED.] Expose to smoke or gas, especially for disinfecting. FUMIGATION (fu-mi-ga'shun), n. Act of using smoke or other vapor for disinfecting pur- poses. [L. fumigo.] Fumatorium. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. FUMOUS 516 FURBELOW FUMOUS (fu'mus), FUMY (fu'mi), a. Produ- cing fumes. FUN (fun), n. Merriment; sport. [Gael, form, delight.] FUN AMBULATE (fun-am'bu-lat), vi. [pr.p. FUNAM'BULATING; p.t. and p.p. FUN- AM'BULATED.] Perform, dance, or walk on a tight or slack rope or wire. [L. funis, rope, and ambulo, walk.] FUNAMBULISM (fun-am'bu-lizm), n. Art of walking on a tight or slack rope or wire. FUNAMBULIST (fun-am'bu-list), n. Perform- er or one who walks on a tight or slack rope or wire. FUNCTION (fungk'shun), n. 1. Doing of a thing. 2. Duty peculiar to any office or profession. 3. Office peculiar to any part of the body or mind; power. 4. Formal social event. 5. Math. Quantity so connected with another that any change in the one changes the other. [L. functio — fungor, perform.] FUNCTIONAL (fungk'shun-al), a. Pertaining to or performed by functions; opposed to ORGANIC or STRUCTURAL. FUNCTIONARY (fungk'shun-a-ri), n. [pi. FUNCTIONARIES.] 1. One who discharges a function or duty. 2. One who holds an office. FUND (fund), n. 1. Sum of money on whicb some enterprise is founded or expense sup- ported. 2. Supply or source of money. 3. Store laid up; supply. 4. [pi.] Permanent debts due by a government and paying in- terest. — Sinking fund, fund or stock set apart, generally at certain intervals, for the reduc- tion of a debt of a government or corporation. [Fr. fond; from L. fundus, bottom.] FUND (fund), vt. [pr.p. FUND'ING; p.t. and p.p. FUND'ED.] 1. Convert (a debt) into a stock charged with interest. 2. Place (money) in a fund. FUNDAMENT (fun'da-ment), n. 1. Lower part or seat of the body. 2. Foundation; base. [L. fundamentum, foundation; from fundus, bottom.] FUNDAMENTAL (fun-da-men'tal), I. a. Per- taining to or serving for the foundation; essential; important. II. n. That which serves as a foundation or groundwork; essen- tial. SYN. Primary; important; indispensa- ble; essential. ANT. Secondary; unimport- ant; adventitious; non-essential. FUNDAMENTALLY (fun-da-men'tal-i), adv. In a fundamental manner. FtTNDY (fun'di), BAY OF. Inlet between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. FUNERAL (fu'n§r-al), I. n. Ceremony con- nected with burial. II. a. Pertaining to or used at a burial. [L. funus, funeris, funeral procession.] FUNERAL-DIRECTOR (fu'ner-al-di-rek-tur), n. Undertaker; one who attends to funeral ar- rangements. FUNEREAL (fu-ne're-al), a. Suitable for a fu- neral; dismal; mournful. [L. funereus.] FUNG ATE (fung'gat), vi. [pr.p. FUN'GATING; p.t. and p.p. FUN'GATED.] Med. Grow or Increase In fungus or spongy form, said of sores, tumors, etc. FUNGI (fun'ji or fun'gi), n.pl. Bot. Large natural order of acotyledonous or cryptog- amous plants, 30,000 being known, varying greatly in size, form, color, and consistence, and comprehending not only the various mushrooms, toadstools, and similar plants, but a large number of microscopic plants grow- ing upon other plants, and many substances known as mold, mildew, smut, rust, brand, dry-rot, etc. [L., pi. of fungus, a mush- room.] FUNGOUS (fung'gus), a. Of or like fungus; soft; spongy; growing suddenly; ephemeral. FUNGUS (fung'gus), n. [pi. FUNGI (fun'ji) or FUN'GUSES.] 1. One of the Fungi (which see). 2. Med. Spongy morbid excrescence, as proud flesh formed in wounds. [L.] FUNICLE (fu'ni-kl), n. 1. Small cord or liga- ture; fiber. 2. Bot. Stem of a seed. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis, rope.] FUNICULAR (fu-nik'u-lar), a. Consisting of a funicle. FUNILIFORM (fu-nil'i-farm), a. Resembling or like a rope or cable. FUNK (fungk), n. 1. Spark. 2. Punk. 3. Offensive smell. 4. State of abject terror; cowardly fright; panic. [Ger. funke.] FUNK (fungk), vi. [pr.p. FUNKING} p.t. and p.p. FUNKED (fungkt).] Quail; back out. (Colloq.) FUNKY (fungk'i), a. 1. Scared; timid; afraid. 2. Cranky; touchy; quickly angered. FUNNEL (fun'el), n. 1. Tube or passage for the escape of smoke, etc. ; smokestack. 2. Instru- ment for pouring fluids into close vessels, as bottles, etc. 3. Bot. Space below the thick outer coats of the macrospore into which the apical papilla projects. [L. infundibulum — fundo, pour.] FUNNY (fun'i), a. Full of fun; droll. SYN. Laughable; ludicrous; comic; ridiculous; amusing; diverting. ANT. Dull; tedious; mournful; lugubrious; dismal; serious; sad. FUNNY-BONE (fun'i-bon) n. Crazy-bone. FUR (fur), n. 1. Short, fine hair of certain ani- mals. 2. Skins with the hair, prepared for garments. 3. Fur-like coating on the tongue, the interior of boilers, etc. [0. Fr. fourre — A. S. fodder, lining — Ger. futter.] FUR (fur), vt. [pr.p. FUR'RING; p.t. and p.p. FURRED (furd).] 1. Line or coat with fur. 2. Cover with morbid fur-like matter. FURBELOW (fur'be-16), n. 1. Plait; flounce. 2. Fringed border of a gown or petticoat. 3. Any ornament. [Sp. falbala.] FURBELOW (fur'be-16), vt. [pr.p. FUR'BE- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; ii=w in* Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, FURBISH 517 FUSE LOWING; p.t. and p.p. FURBELOWED (ftir'be- 16d).] Deck or trim with furbelows. FURBISH (fur'bish), vt. [pr.p. FURBISHING; p.t. and p.p. FURBISHED(fur'bisht).] Polish; brighten, [Fr. fourbir — O. H. Ger. furban, clean.] FURCATE (fur'kat), a. Forked; branching like the prongs of a fork. [L. furca, fork.] FURCATION (fvir-ka'shun), n. A forking or branching out. FURCATORIUM (fur-ka-to'ri-um), n. Same as FURCULA. FURCULA (fiir'ku-la), n. [pi. FUR'CUI^E.] Pair of collar-bones, grown together, in a bird, known as the wishbone or merrythought in a fowl; furcatorium. [L., small fork.l FURFUR (f fir 'fur), n. Dandruff; scurf. [L.] FURIA (fu'ri-a), n. Genus of bats found in Spanish America, and which are known to have vampire proclivities. The principal one is known as Furia horreus. FURIOSO (fu-ri-6'so), I. a. Music. Energetic; vehement. II. n. Furious person. [It.] FURIOUS (fu'ri-us), a. Full of fury. [Fr. furieux — L. furiosus.] SYN. Violent; mad; frantic; frenzied. ANT. Sane; sober; calm; collected; cool; unruffled; composed. FURIOUSLY (fu'ri-us-li), adv. In a furious manner. FURL (furl), vt. {pr.p. FURLING; p.t. and p.p. FURLED (furld).] Draw or roll up, as a sail. [Obs. FURDLE — O. Fr. fardel, bundle.] FURLONG (fur'lang), n. The one-eighth of a mile=forty rods. [A. S. furlang — length of a furrow.] FURLOUGH (fur '16), n. Leave of absence. [Dut. verlof, permission — Ger. verlaub.] FURLOUGH (ftir '16), vt. [pr.p. FUR'LOUGH- ING; p.t. and p.p. FURLOUGHED (ffir'lod).] Grant or concede leave of absence to. FURNACE (fur'nas), n. Place where a vehe- ment fire and heat may be made and main- tained, as for melting ores or metals, heating the boiler of a steam-engine, warming a house, baking pottery or bread, etc. [Fr. fournais — L. fomax — furnus, oven.] FURNISH (fur'nish), vt. [pr.p. FUR'NISHING; p.t. and p.p. FURNISHED (fur'nisht).] Fit up or supply completely, or with what is neces- sary; equip. [O. Fr. furniss, furnir.] FURNISHER (fur'nish-er), n. One who fur- nishes or equips; dealer in furnishing-goods. FURNISHINGS (ffir'nish-ingz), n.pl. Articles of furniture; fittings. FURNITURE (fur'ni-tur), n. Movables, either for use or ornament, with which a house is equipped. [Fr. foumiture.] FUROR (fu'rar), FURORE (fu-ro're), n. 1. Uncontrollable rage or anger 2. Unbounded enthusiasm. FURRIER (fur'i-er), n. Maker of, or dealer in, furs and fur-goods. FURRING (fur'ing), n. 1. Fur; fur trimming. 2. Fur-like deposit, as in a boiler, or on the tongue. 3. Nailing strips to rafters or Joists, etc., to form an even surface, or to provide an air space. FURROW (fur '6), n. Trench made by a plow; groove; wrinkle on the face. [A. S. furh.] FURROW (fur'6), v. [pr.p. FURROWING; p.t. and p.p. FURROWED (fur'od).] I. vt. Form furrows in; groove; wrinkle. II. vi. Plow. FURRY (fur'i), a. Consisting of, covered with, or dressed in, fur. FUR-SEAL (fiir'sgl), n. Zool. Seal of the species Otariidce, whose hides or skins furnish fur garments. Mostly found In the Pribilof islands in Bering Sea off the territory of Alaska. These are distinguished from the non-fur-bearing seal. FURTHER (fur'tfcer), I. adv. 1. To a greater distance or degree. 2. In addition. II. a. [superl. FUR'THEST.] More distant; addi- tional. [A. S. furthor, a comp. of fore, for- ward, with comp. suffix -thorA FURTHER (fur'ffcer), vt. [pr.p. FURTHER- ING; p.U and p.p. FURTHERED (fm'ffcerd).] Help forward; promote. [A. S. fyrthrian.] FURTHERANCE (ffir'tfcer-ans), n. 1, Act of furthering. 2. Advancement; promotion. FURTHERMORE (furUer-mor), adv. In addi- tion to what has been said; moreover; besides. FURTHERMOST (fur'ffcer-most), a. Furthest; most remote. FURTHEST (fur'tfcest), I. adv. At the greatest distance. II. a. Most distant. [A superl. either of furth, forth, or more prob. of fore. See FURTHER, adj.] FURTIVE (fur'tiv), a. Stealthy; secret. [L. furtivus — fur, thief.] FURTIVELY (fur'tiv-li), adv. In a furtive man- ner. FURUNCLE (fu'rung-kl), n. Boil. [L. furun- culus, dim. of fur, thief.] FURUNCULAR (fu-rung'ku-lar), a. Pertaining to or characterized by furuncles. FURY (fu'ri), n. [pi. FU'RIES.] 1. Rage; violent passion; madness. 2. [F-] Myth. One of the three goddesses of vengeance; Erinys. 3. Passionate, violent woman. [L. furia — furo, be angry.] FURZE (fiirz), n. Whin or gorse, a prickly evergreen bush with beautiful yellow flowers, so called from the likeness of its spines to those of the fir-tree. FURZY (furz'i), a. Overgrown with furze. [A. S. fyrs.] FUSE (fuz), v. [pr.p. FU'SING; p.t. and p.p. FUSED (fuzd).] I. vt. Melt; liquefy by heat. II. vi. 1. Be melted; be reduced to a liquid. 2. Blend; combine. [L. fundo, fusum, melt.] FUSE (fuz), n. 1. Tube filled with combustible matter for firing mines, discharging shells, etc. 2. Any similar device, as a ribbon sat- urated with combustible matter, etc. 3. Strip fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; " n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotcn loch. mute, hut, burn, FUSE-BLOCK 518 FYKE I of metal, which melts at passage of a fixed amount of electric current, thus breaking the circuit. [Abbr. of FUSEE.] FUSE-BLOCK (fuz'blok), n. Elec. Insulating device made by porcelain or other adequate material designed to prevent the molten metal of a fuse forming any electrical connection when burnt out. FUSED-WOOD (fuzd'WQd), n. Agglomeration of different kinds of wood subjected to heat in a closed vessel. FUSEE (fu-ze'), n. 1. Match or cigar lighter. 2. Fuse. 3. Flaring tor- pedo used as a signal on railroad tracks. FUSEE (fu-ze'), n. Conical spindle in a watch or clock on which the chain is wound, serving to equalize the varying force of the spring. [Fr. fusee — L. fusus, spindle.] FUSEL-OIL (fu'zel-oil), n. Poisonous, nau- seous oil in spirits distilled from potatoes, barley, etc. [Ger. fusel, bad spirits.] FUSIBILITY (fu-zl-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of be- ing fusible. FUSIBLE (fu'zi-bl), a. That may be fused or melted. FUSIFORM (fu'si-farm), a . Bot. Shaped like a spindle. [L. fusus, fusi, spindle, and forma, shape.] FUSIL (fu'zil), n. Light musket or firelock gun. [Fr. fusil — L. L. focile, steel (to strike fire), dim. of L. focus, fireplace.] FUSILIER, FUSILEER (fu-zil-er). n. General term for a soldier in the infantry or one who carries a gun. FUSILLADE (fu'zil-ad or fu-zi-lad'), n. Volley of firearms. [Fr. fusil, musket.] FUSILLADE (fu-zi-lad'), vt. [pr.p. FUSIIXA'- DING; p.t. and p.p. FUSILLA'DED.] Attack or shoot down by a volley of firearms. FUSING-POINT(fu'zing-point),w. Temperature at which a solid substance becomes liquid. FUSION (fu'zhun), n. 1. Act or state of melting. 2. State of fluidity from heat. 3. Close un- ion of things, as if melted together; political union of parties. [See FUSE.] FUSS (fus), n. 1. Bustle; tumult; unnecessary ado; haste; flurry. 2. Wrangle. [A. S. fus, ready.] FUSS (fus), v. [pr.p. FUSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. FUSSED (fust).] I. vt. Disturb with trifling matters. II. vi. 1. Make much ado about trifles; worry; fret. 2. Wrangle. FUSSILY (fus'i-li), adv. In a fussy manner. FUSSINESS (fus'1-nes), n. Quality or state of being fussy. FUSSY (fus'i), a. Acting in an uneasy manner with fuss. FUST (fust), n. 1. Arch. Shaft of a column. 2. Strong musty odor. [L. fustis, club.] FUSTIAN (fuVti-an), I. n. 1. Kind of coarse, twilled cotton cloth. 2. Pompous and un- natural style of writing or speaking; bom- bast. II. a. 1. Made of fustian. 2. Bom- bastic. [O. Fr. fustaine — L. L. fustianutn — Fustat (a suburb of Cairo in Egypt), where first made.] FUSTIGATE (fus'ti-gat), vt. [pr.p. FUS'TI- GATING; p.t. and p.p. FUS'TIGATED.] Beat with a stick. [L. fustis, club, and ago, drive.] FUSTINESS (fust'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being fusty. FUSTY (fust'i), a. Smelling of the wood of the cask, as wine; musty. [O. Fr. fuste, wood of a cask; from L. fustis, club.] FUTILE (fu'til), a. Useless; trifling. [Fr. fu- tile — L. futilis, fit to be poured out.] SYN. Vain; trivial; unavailing; weak; ineffective. ANT. Powerful; effective; co- gent; useful; solid. FUTILITY (fu-til'i-ti), n. [pi. FUTILITIES (fu- til'i-tiz).] 1. Quality or state of being futile. 2. Anything that is futile. FUTTOCK (fut'uk), n. Curved timber forming part of one of the ribs of a ship. [Perh. corrupted from FOOT-HOOK.] FUTTOCK-HOOP (fut'uk-hbp), n. Iron ring around a mast below the top, to which the lower ends of the futtock-shrouds are fastened. FUTTOCK-PLATES (fut'uk-plats), n.pl. Iron plates to which the upper ends of the futtock- shrouds and the dead eyes of the topmast rigging are fastened. FUTTOCK-SHROUDS (fut'uk-shrowdz), n.pl. Short iron rods or shrouds connecting the futtock-plates and the futtock-hoop. Futtock shrouds, etc. FUTURE (fu'tur), I. a. 1. About to be; that is to come. 2. Gram. Expressing what will be. II. n. 1. Time to come. 2. Speculative deal in stocks or commodities, in which only the difference in price is paid or received. [L. futurus, fut. p. of sum, am.] FUTURITY (fu-tu'ri-ti), n. 1. Time to come. 2. Event, or state of being, yet to come. FUZZ (fuz), n. Fine light particles, as of down, wool, etc. [Etym. doubtful.] FUZZ (fuz), vi. [pr.p. FUZZ'ING; p.t. and p.p. FUZZED (fuzd).] Fly off in minute particles or fuzz. FUZZILY (fuz'l-li), adv. In a fuzzy manner. FUZZINESS (fuz'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being fuzzy. FUZZY (fuz'i), a. Covered with fuzz; like fuzz; fluffy. FY (fi), inter). Same as FIE. -FY, suffix. Make. [L. -fico, from facio, do, make.] FYKE (fik), n. Large fish-trap with funnel- like entrances. [D. fuih.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, niit; note, not, move, wolf; u=« in* Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn. < G 519 GAFFSMAN g (jS), n. [pi. G'S (jez).] Sev- enth letter in the English alphabet. It is a consonant and has two sounds: (1) hard, heard when the letter occurs before a, o, u, I, or r, and in words of English origin before e and i, as in get, give, and when final (except after n, as in sing) ; (3) so/*, commonly heard before e, f, and y, as in grem, gin, gym- nast. Before m and n this letter usually is silent, as In gnat, phlegm. In respelling for pronunciation in this dictionary the hard sound is always indicated by g and the soft sound by $. GAB (gab), n. Hook on the end of the eccentric rod of a steam-engine, opposite the strap. GAB (gab), vi. [pr.p. GABBING; p.t. and p.p. GABBED (gabd).] Talk volubly or idly. [Ice. gabba, mock.] GAB (gab), n. Idle talk; loquacity. GABARDINE (gab-ar-den'), n. Coarse frock; loose upper garment. [Sp. gabardina.] GABBLE (gab 'I), vi. [pr.p. GABBLING; p.t. and p.p. GABBLED (gab'ld).] 1. Talk inarticu- lately; chatter; prate. 2. Cackle like geese. [From GAB.] GABBLE (gab'l), n. 1. Noisy, rapid, unmeaning talk. 2. Confused noise of talking. 3. Cackle. [From GAB.] GABBLER (gab'lEr), n. One who gabbles. GABBY (gab'i), a. Given to gab; loq.uacio.us. (Colloq.) GABILLA (ga-bil'a; Sp. ga-be'lya), n. Parcel of tobacco in Cuba, consisting of about thirty- six to forty leaves. The bales are usually made up of eighty hands, each of four gabillas. [Cuban.] GABION (ga'bi-un), n. Bottomless basket of wickerwork filled with earth, for shelter from the enemy's fire, or filled with stones, in build- ing a dam under water. [Fr. — It. gabbione, large cage — L. cavea, cave.] GABLE (ga'bl), n. Arch. Triangu- lar part of an exterior wall of a building be- tween the top of the side-walls and the slopes of the roof. [O. Fr. gable; A. S. geafl, fork.] GABLED (ga'bld), a. Having gables or a gable. GABLE-END (ga'bl-end), n. Arch. End wall of a building on the side where there is a gable. GABLE-ROOFED (ga'bl-roft), a. Having a roof converged to an apex, as a ridge-roof terminating in a gable. GABLE- WINDOW (ga'bl-win-do), n. 1. Win- dow in the gable-end of a building. 3. Gable. Window with its upper part shaped like a gable. IxABRIEL (ga'bri-el), n. Heb. Myth. Prince of fire and thunder, and angel of death. GAD (gad), n. Wedge of steel; pointed instru- ment; graver; prod; stick; rod. [A. S. gad, goad.] GAD (gad), vi. [pr.p. GAD'DING; p.t. and p.p. GADDED.] Rove about idly or for diversion. GADABOUT (gad'a-bowt), I. a. Addicted to gad- ding. II. n. Gadder. GADDER (gad'er), n. One who gads or roams about idly. GADFLY (gad'fli), n. [pi. GAD'FLIES.] Dipter- ous insect of numerous species, one of which pierces the skin of cattle in order to deposit its eggs, and another produces intestinal parasites in horses; breeze-fly; horse-fly. GaDHELIC (gad'el-ik), a. Of or belonging to that branch of the Celtic race which com- prises the Erse of Ireland, the Gaels of Scot- land, and the Manx of the Isle of Man, as distinguished from the CYMRIC. [Ir. gaed- heal, Gael.] GADWALL (gad'« wal), n. River duck of genus Chaulelasmus abounding in both Europe and America. Gael (gai), n. Name by which Gadwall (C. streperus). those who speak the Gaelic language are known to themselves. For distinction's sake the Highlanders of Scotland call themselves Gael Albinnich, that is, the Gaels of Albin, and the Celtic population of Ireland call them- selves Gael Erinnich, that is, the Gaels of Erin. GAELIC (gal'ik), I. a. Pertaining to the Gaels. II. n. 1. The northern or Gadhelic branch of Celtic family of languages, embracing the Irish, the Highland-Scottish, and the Manx. 2. Language of the Gaels or Celts. [Prob. orig- inally a Celtic word of which the Latinized form is Gallus.] GAFF (gaf), n. 1. Boat-hook. 2. Harpoon. 3. Sharp-pointed iron hook, used for landing large fish after they have been hooked on the line and spent by the skill of the angler. 4. Boom or spar extending the upper edge of a sail not set on stays. [Fr. gaffe.] GAFF (gaf), v. [pr.p. GAFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. GAFFED (gaf t).] I. vt. Strike, catch or land with a gaff. II. vi. Use a gaff. GAFFER (gaf er), n. 1. Old man. 2. In Eng- land, the foreman of a squad of workmen. [Contr. of GRANDFATHER.] GAFFER (gaf er), n. Gaffsman. GAFFLE (gaf 1), n. 1. Steel spur for gamecocks. 2. Iron hook or fork. [A. S. geafl, fork.] GAFFSMAN (gaf s 'man), n. [pi. GAFFS'MEN.l One who uses a gaff, especially in angling. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl.^en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. GAG 520 GALL > GAG (gag), v. [pr.p. GAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. GAGGED (gagd).] I. vt. 1. Forcibly stop the mouth of; silence. 2. Pry or hold open with a gag. 3. Cause to heave with nausea. II. vi. 1. Retch; come near vomiting. 2. Interpolate one's own words into a part on the stage. [From the sound.] GAG (gag), n. 1. Something thrust into the mouth or put over it to enforce silence. 2. Interpolation by an actor. 3. Anything that silences a person. 4. Anything that causes nausea. 5. Instrument used in surgery to distend the jaws during an operation. 6. Joke or hoax. (Slang.) GAGE (gaj), n. 1. Pledge; security for the ful- fillment of a promise. 2. Something thrown down as a challenge, as a glove. [Fr. gage — gager, wager. Cogn. with A. S. wed, pledge. Akin to WAGE.] GAGE, GAUGE (gaj), vt. [pr.p. GA'GING, GAU'GING; p.t. and p.p. GAGED, GAUGED (gajd).] 1. Ascertain the capacity or the con- tents of. 2. Measure in respect to capability. 3. Estimate. 4. Gather with thread in uni- form puckers. [O. Fr. ganger, measure.] GAGE, GAUGE (gaj), n. 1. A standard of measurement; measure. 2. Measurement or capacity of a cask as gaged. 3. Instrument for determining distances, sizes, proportions, etc., as the carpenter's gages of various kinds. 4. Depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. 5. Position of a vessel with reference to an- other vessel and the wind. [O. Fr. gauge; from ganger.] GAGE (gaj), n. Name applied to several varieties of plum. See GREENGAGE. GAGER, G AUGER (ga'jer), n. One who gages; officer whose business it is to gage or measure the contents of casks, as in the revenue service. GAIETY, GAYETY (ga'e-ti), n. 1. Merriment. 2. Finery; show. [O. Fr. gaiete — gai, gay.] GAILY, (ga'li), adv. Same as GAYLY. GAIN (gan), n. 1. Anything obtained as an advantage; profit; emolument; interest. 2. Act of acquiring; acquisition. [Ice. gagn, gain, advantage.] GAIN (gan), v. [pr.p. GAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. GAINED (gand).] I. vt. 1. Obtain by effort; earn. 2. Be successful in. 3. Draw to one's own party. 4. Arrive at; reach. 5. Draw nearer; advance. II. vi. Advance in interest, possession, health, strength, happiness, etc.; progress; profit. SYN. Acquire; get; win; procure; ob- tain; benefit. ANT. Lose; forfeit. GAINFUL (gan'foD, a. Advantageous. GAININGS (gan'ingz), n.pl. What has been gained. GAINLESS (gan'les), a. Unprofitable. GAINSAY (gan-sa' or gan'sa), vt. [pr.p. GAIN- SAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. GAINSAID (gan-sed').] Deny; dispute; contradict. [A. S. gegn-, against, and SAY.] GAIRISH, a. Same as GARISH. GAIT (gat), n. Way or manner of walking. [Ice. gat a, way.] GAITER (gat'er), n. 1. Covering of cloth fitting down upon the shoe. 2. Shoe covering the ankle, generally with an elastic on each side. 3. Overshoe having a cloth upper. [Fr. guetre.] GALA (ga'la), n. 1. Festive show or attire, as in the phrase in gala. 2. Festivity; chiefly attributive, as in gala day. [It.] GALACTOMETER (gal-ak-tom'e-ter), n. De- vice for ascertaining richness of milk. GALALITH (gal-a-lith'), n. Ivory-like sub- stance derived from casein by coagulation of skim milk, used for making collar-buttons, piano keys, etc. [Gr. gala, milk, and lithos, stone.] GALATEA (gal-a-te'a), n. Greek Myth. 1. Daughter of Nereus and Doris, a sea-nymph who was beloved by Polypheme, whom she did not love. Galatea loved Acis, and upon the latter's death, she threw herself into the sea and joined her sister nymphs. 2. Rom. Myth. A beautiful statue that was endowed with life by Venus at the earnest prayer of a beautiful youth named Pygmalion. GALAXY (gal'aks-i), n. 1. Astron. Milky Way, the luminous band of stars stretching across the heavens. 2. [g-] Any splendid assem- blage. [Gr. galaxias — gala, milk.] GALBANUM (gal'ba-num), n. Bot. Greenish- yellow gum of the Ferula Rubricaulis. GALE (gal), n. 1. Strong wind between a stiff breeze and a storm. 2. Continued state of high excitement or merriment. [Norw. galen, raging.] GALEATED, (ga'le-a-ted), a. Helmeted; having a flower like a helmet, as the monk's hood. [L. galeatus — galea, helmet.] GALENA (ga-le'na), n. Native lead sulphide. [L. galena, lead-ore.] GALICIA (ga-lish'i-a), n. Crownland, Austria- Hungary. Area 30,321 sq. m. GALIOT (gal'i-ot), n. Small swift galley or brigantine pro- pelled by both sails and oars. [0. Fr. galiote — galie, galley.] GALIPOT (gal'i-pot), n. Unre- fined kind of turpentine. [Fr.] GALL (gal), n. 1. Greenish- yellow fluid secreted by the liver; bile. 2. Gall bladder, malignity. 4. Impudence, root of YELLOW.] GALL (gal), n. Wound or sore on the skin caused by rubbing or friction; excoriation. [O. Fr. galle, a fretting.] GALL (gal), vt. [pr.p. GALLING; p.t. and p.p. GALLED (gald).] 1. Fret or hurt the skin of by rubbing or chafing. 2. Irritate; vex; chafe. GALL (gal), GALLNUT (gal'nut), n. 1. Light nut- like ball which certain insects produce on the 3. [A. Galiot. Bitterness ; S. gealla — fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. GALLANT 531 GAMBLER oak-tree, used in dyeing; oak-apple; oak-gall; nutgall. 2. A similar excrescence similarly produced in the bark or leaves of various plants. [Fr. galle — L. galla.] GALLANT (gal'ant), a. 1. Brave; noble; he- roic; chivalrous. 2. Formerly, well-attired; showy; gay. [O. Fr gallant, pr.p. of galer, rejoice; from gale, show, festivity.] GALLANT (gal-lanf), I. a. Courteous or at- tentive to ladies; like a gallant or brave man. II. n. 1. Man of fashion. 2, Ladies' man. 3. Lover; suitor. GALLANT (gal-lanf), vt. [pr.p. GALLANTING; p.U and p.p. GALLANT 'ED.] 1. Attend or wait on as a gallant; pay court to. 2. Man- age or handle stylishly, as a fan. GALLANTRY (gal'ant-ri), n. [pi. GALLANT- RIES.] 1. Bravery; intrepidity. 2. At- tention or devotion to ladies; intrigue. GALLEON (gal'e-un), n. Large Spanish vessel with lofty stem and stern. [Sp.] GALLERY (gal'er-i), n. [pi. GAL'LERIES.] 1. Balcony surrounded by rails. 2. Long pas- sage. 3. Upper floor of seats in a church or theater. 4. Room for the exhibition of works of art. 5. Passage cut through the earth or masonry. [Fr. galerie, perhaps from GALE.] GALLEY (gal'i), n. 1. Long, low-built ship with one deck, propelled by oars. 2. Kitchen on a ship; caboose. 3. Print. Frame which receives the type from the composing-stick. [O. Fr. galie — L. L. galea, galley.] GALLEY-SLAVE (gal'i-slav),n. One condemned for crime to work like a slave at the oar of a galley. GALLEY-STICK (gal'i-stik), n. Long tapering stick, the breadth of which is less than the height of types, placed beside a column of type in a galley, in order that the type may be locked up or wedged in place by quoins. GALLIC (gal'ik), a. Pertaining to Gaul or France. [L. Gallicus — Gallia, Gaul.] GALLICANISM (gal'i-kan-izm), w . Spirit of nationalism in the French church. GALLICISM (gal'i-sizm), n. Mode of speech peculiar to the French; French idiom. GALLIGASKINS (gal-i-gas'kinz), n.pl. Large open hose or trousers ; leggings worn by sports- men. [Prob. a corrup. of Fr. Greguesgues, Grecians.] GALLINACEOUS (gal-i-na'shus), a. Pertaining to the order of birds to which the domestic fowl, pheasant, etc., belong. [L. gallina, hen.] GALLINIPPER (gal'i-nip-er), n. Large mos- quito. (Colloq.) GALLIPOT (gal'i-pot), n. Small glazed pot for containing medicine, pomatum, etc. [O. Dut. gleypot, glazed pot.] GALLON (gal'un), n. U. S. standard measure of capacity=four quarts. [O. Fr. galon, gallon.] GALLOON (gal-Ion'), n. 1. Kind of lace. 2. Narrow ribbon made of silk or worsted, or of both* 3. Tape sewn along a seam, etc. [Sp. galon — gala, finery.] GALLOP (gal'up), n. The pace at which a horse runs when the fore feet are lifted together and the hind feet together. [Fr. galoper — A. S. gehleapan, leap.] GALLOP (gal'up), v. [pr.p. GAL'LOPING; p.U and p.p. GALLOPED (gal'upt).] I. vt. Cause to go in a gallop. II. vi. 1. Go in a gallop, as a horse. 2. Ride a horse at a gallop. 3. Move very fast; scamper. GALLOWS (gal'oz), n. Structure on which crim- inals are executed by hanging. [A. S. galga.] GALOCHE, GALOSH (ga-losh'), n . Shoe or slipper worn over another in wet weather. [Fr.] GALOOT (ga-16f), n. 1. Uncouth, clumsy fel- low. 2. In England, a recruit. (Slang.) GALOP (gal'up or ga-16'), n. 1. Lively dance in double measure. 2. Music for such a dance. [Fr.] GALORE (ga-ldr'), adv. In abundance; plenti- fully. [Ir. go leor — go, to, and leor, enough.] GALVANIC (gal-van'ik), a. Belonging to or exhibiting galvanism. GALVANISM (gal'va-nizm), n. 1. Current of electricity produced by chemical agents. 2. Branch of science which treats of such cur- rents [From Galvani, the discoverer.] GALVANIZE (gal'va-niz), vt. [pr.p. GAL'- VANIZING; p.U and p.p. GALVANIZED (gal- va-nizd).] 1. Affect with galvanism. 2. Coat with some non-corrosive metal as tin or zinc, as in the case of galvanized iron. GALVANIZED-IRON (gal-va-nizd-i'urn), n. Iron coated with tin or zinc by a chemical process to prevent rust and corrosion. GALVANOMETER (gal-va-nom'e-ter), n. In- strument for measuring the strength of galvanic currents. GALVANOTROPISM (gal-va- not'ro-plzm), n. Bot. Move- ments in organs of plants pro- duced by currents of elec- tricity. Galveston (gai'ves-tun), n. Seaport, Texas, Galveston Bay, Gulf of Mexico. GAL WAY (gal'wa), n. Seaport, Galvanometer. Ireland, on Galway Bay, 130 miles W. of Dublin. GAMBIER, GAMBIR (gam'ber), n. Tree and shrub grown in the Malay peninsula and the surrounding islands (Uncaria Gambler) from which a tannic astringent Is extracted and used as medicine. Also used for dyeing. GAMBLE (gam'bl), v. [pr.p. GAM'BLING; p.U and p.p. GAMBLED (gam 'bid).] I. vi. Play for money in games of chance. II. vt. Squander by gaming (away). [A. S. gamenlan, play at games — gamen, game.] GAMBLER (gam'bler), n. One who gambles, especially who makes gambling his business. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. GA31B0GE 522 GAP Gamboge. 1. Hind leg of a Gambrel Roof. > GAMBOGE (gam-boj' or gam-boj'), n. Yellow gum-resin used as a pigment and medicine. [From Cambodia in Asia, where it is ob- tained.] GAMBOL (gam'bul), vi. [pr.p. GAM'- BOLING; p.t. and p.p. GAMBOLED (gam'buld).] Leap; skip; frisk or dance in sport. GAMBOL (gam'bul), n. A skipping or frisking about. [Fr. gambol e — gambe, leg.] GAMBREL (gam'brel), n. horse. 2. Stick, crooked like a horse's leg, used by butchers for suspending animals while dressing them. — Gambrel roof, root with a slope broken at an obtuse angle. [O. Fr. gambe, leg.] GAME (gam), I. n. 1. Sport of any kind; exercise or contest for amusement, winning a stake, etc. 2. Stake in a game. 3. Trick; scheme. 4. One match in a series. 5. Wild animal hunted by sportsmen. 6. Flesh of wild animals, used as food. II. a. Defying; un- yelding. [A. S. gamen, play.] GAMECOCK (gam'kok), n. Cock trained to fight. GAMEKEEPER (gam'kep-er), n. One who has the care of game. GAME-LAWS (gam'laz), n.pl. Laws relating to the protection of certain wild animals. GAMESOME (gam'sum), a. Playful. GAMESTER (gam'ster), n. One addicted to playing for money; gambler. GAMIN (gam'in; Fr. ga-mang'), n. Neglected street boy; Arab of the streets. [Fr.] GAMMER (gam'er), n. Old woman. [Contr. Of GRANDMOTHER.] GAMMON (gam'un), n. Leg or thigh of a hog pickled and smoked or dried. [Fr. jambon, ham — O. Fr. gambon.] GAMMON (gam'un), vt. [pr.p. GAMMONING; p.t. and p.p. GAMMONED (gam'und).] Cure as bacon. GAMMON (gam'un), n. Hoax; nonsense. [A. 5. gamen, game.] GAMMON (gam'un), vt. [pr.p. GAM'MON- ING; p.t. and p.p. GAMMONED (gam'und).] Impose upon; hoax. GAMUT (gam'ut), n. 1. Musical scale. 2. Scale or compass of wind instruments. 3. Entire range, compass or series. [Gr. gam- ma, which stood first in the scale invented by Guy of Arezzo, and thus gave its name to the whole scale, and L. ut 9 the syllable used in singing the first note of the scale.] GANDER (gan'der), n. Male of the goose. [A. S. gandra.] GANG (gang), n. 1. Number of persons going to- gether or associated for a certain purpose, usually in a bad sense. 2. Outfit, as a gang of tools. [A. S. gangan, go.] GANGBOARD (gang'bord), w. Board or plank on which passengers may walk into or out of a ship; gangplank. GANGES (gan'jez), n. Great river, India, flowing 1509 m. to Bay of Bengal. GANGLION (gang'gli-un), n. [pi. GAN'GLIONS or GAN'GLIA.] 1. Tumor in the sheath of a tendon. 2. Natural enlargement in the course of a nerve. [Gr.] GANGPLANK (gang'plangk), n. Plank used as temporary bridge between a vessel and the wharf. GANGRENE (gang'gren), n. Loss of vitality in some part of the body; first stage in mortifi- cation. [Fr. — Gr. gangraina — graino, gnaw.] GANGRENE (gang'gren), v. [pr.p. GAN'GRE- NING;p.« and p.p. GANGRENED (gang'grend).] I. vt. Cause gangrene in; mortify. II. vi. Become mortified or affected with gangrene. GANGWAY (gang'wa), n. 1. Passage or way into or out of any place, especially a ship. 2. Narrow platform of planks along the upper part of a ship's side. [A. S. gang, and WAY.j GANNET (gan'et), n. Web-foot- ed fowl found in the northern seas. [A. S. ganot, a sea-fowl — root Of GANDER.] GANTLET (gant'let), n. Glove. Same as GAUNTLET. GANTLET (gant'let), w. 1. Mil- itary punishment, in which stripped to his waist, was compelled to pass between two files of men, and each man gave him a stroke. 2. Arrangement of two rail- road tracks, by which the two inner rails cross each other and run close to the opposite outer rail. — Run the gantlet, undergo the punish- ment of the gantlet; go through much and severe criticism, controversy or ill-treatment. [Sw. gatlopp — gata, lane, and lopp, run.] GANYMEDE (gan-i-me'de), n. Greek Myth. Beautiful Trojan youth; succeeded Hebe as cup-bearer to Zeus; transferred by the eagle of Zeus, or by Zeus himself in the form of an eagle, to Olympus. GAOL, GAOLER. See JAIL, JAILER. GAP (gap), n. 1. Opening made by rupture or parting. 2. Passage or aperture; interstice; breach. 3. Hiatus. 4. Deep ravine in a mountain-ridge. [Ice. gap, opening.] GAP (gap), vt. [pr.p. GAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. GAPPED (gapt).] 1. Notch; jag; cut Into teeth like those of a saw. 2. Make a break or opening in, as gap a fence, wall, or the like. Gannet (Sula bassana). the offender, fate, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotch loch. GAPE 533 GARROTE GAPE (gap or gap), vi. [pr.p. GATING; p.t. and p.p. GAPED (gapt or gapt).] 1. Open the mouth wide in yawning. 2. Stare open- mouthed. [A. S. gedpan.] SYN. Gaze ; stare. Gape and stare have a bad sense; the former is the result of igno- rance, the latter of impertinence; gaze has a good sense, as to gaze at a picture. GAPE (gap or gap), n. 1. Act of gaping; yawn. 2. Width of the open mouth. 3. [pi.] Fit of yawning. 4. [pi.] Disease of young fowls, characterized by much gaping. GAPER (ga'per or gap'per), n. One who gapes. GAPINGLT (gap'ing-li or ga'ping-li), adv. In a gaping manner. GAR (gar), GARFISH (gar'flsh), n. Long fish with pointed head. [A. S. gar, dart.] GARAGE (gar'aj; Fr. ga-razh'),w. Place where automobiles are stored, repaired or hired. [Fr.] GARB (garb), n. 1. Fashion of dress. 2. Ex- ternal appearance. [O. Fr. garbe — O. Ger. ga- rawiy preparation, dress. Akin to GEAR.] GARB (garb), vt. [pr.p. GARB'ING; p.t. and p.p. GARBED (garbd).] Dress; clothe; attire. GARBAGE (gar'baj), n. Refuse; offal. GARBLE (gar'bl), vt. [pr.p. GAR'BLING; p.t. and p.p. GARBLED (gar 'bid).] Select out of a book or writing what may serve the purpose, in a bad sense; mutilate; corrupt. [0. Fr. — Sp. garbillar, sift.] GARBLER (gar'bler), n. One who garbles. GARCON (gar-sang'), n. Boy; waiter. [Fr.] GARDEN (gar'dn), w. 1. Piece of ground on which flowers, etc., are cultivated. 2. Place of amusement. [O. Fr. gardln. Allied to A. S. geard, yard.] GARDEN (gar'dn), vi. [pr.p. GAR'DENING; p.t. and p.p. GARDENED (gar'dnd).] Work in a garden; practice gardening. GARDENER (gar'dn-er), n. One who cultivates or has charge of a garden. GARDENING (gar'dn-ing), n. Art of laying out and cultivating gardens. GARGLE (giir'gl), vt. [pr.p. GAR'GLING; p.t. and p.p. GARGLED (gar'gld).] Make gurgle or bubble In the throat, without swallowing; wash (the throat) with a medicated liquid, pre- venting it from going down by expelling air against it. [O. Fr. gargouiller — gargouille, throat.] GARGLE (gar'gl), n. Medicated liquid for gar- gling. GARGOYLE (gar'goil), n. Projecting spout, con- veying the water from the roof-gutters of build- ings, often represent- ing human or other fig- ures. [Fr. gargouille, throat.] GARISH (gar'ish), a. Showy; dazzling; gaudy. Gargoyle. [0. E. gare, stare.] GARLAND (gar 'land), n. Wreath of flowers or leaves. [O. Fr. garlande.] GARLAND (gar'land), vt. [pr.p. GAR'LANDING; p.t. and p.p. GARLANDED,] Deck with a garland. GARLIC (gar'lik), n. Bulbous-rooted plant, having a strong odor and a pungent taste, used as seasoning. [A. S. gdrle&c — gdr, spear, and ledc, leek.] GARMENT (gar'ment), n. Article of clothing. [O. Fr. gamement — garnir, furnish.] GARNER (gar'ner), n. Granary or place where grain is stored up. [Fr. grenier — L. granaria, granary, from granutn, grain.] GARNER (gar'ner), vt. [pr.p. GAR'NERING; p.t. and p.p. GARNERED (gar 'nerd).] Store, as in a garner. GARNET (gar 'net), n. 1. Precious stone re- sembling the grains or seeds of the pome- granate. 2. Deep red color. [Fr. grenat — L. (pomum) granatum, grained (apple), pome- granate — granum, grain.] GARNISH (gar'nish), vt. [pr.p. GAR'NISHING; p.t. and p.p. GARNISHED (gar'nlsht).] 1. Furnish; adorn; surround with ornaments. 2. Cookery. Place round as an ornament or relish; as, to garnish a dish with parsley. [Fr. garnir, fortify. Akin to WARN.] GARNISH (gar'nish), n. That which garnishes or embellishes; ornament. GARNISHEE (gar-nish-e'), vt. [pr.p. GAR- NISHEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. GARNISHEED (gar-nish-6d).] Law, Serve notice of garnish- ment on. GARNISHEE (gar-nish-e"'), n. Person gar- nisheed. GARNISHER (giir'nish-er), n. 1. One who garnishees. 2. Law. Creditor who causes garnishee process to issue against a debtor of one he is suing for debt. GARNISHMENT (gar'nish-ment), n. 1. Orna- ment; embellishment; decoration. 2. Law, Warning or legal notice not to pay money, etc., to a defendant, but to appear and answer to a plaintiff creditor's suit. GARNITURE (gar'ni-tur), n. That which gar- nishes or embellishes; ornament; apparel; trimming. GARONNE (ga-ron'), n. River, S. France. GARRET (gar'et), n. Room next the roof of a house. [O. Fr. garite, place of lookout.] GARRISON (gar'i-sn), n. 1. Body of soldiers stationed in a town or fortress. 2. Fortified place. [O. Fr. gamison — garnir, furnish.] GARRISON (gar'i-sn), vt. [pr.p. GAR'RISON- ING; p.t. and p.p. GARRISONED (gar'i-snd).] 1. Furnish (a fortress) with troops. 2. De- fend by fortresses manned with troops. GARROTE (gar-rdf), n. 1. Spanish mode of strangling criminals, originally with a cord placed over the neck and twisted tight by a stick. 2. Brass collar used In strangling. [Sp. garrote, cudgel.] ■ fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me\ met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; " iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, GARROTE 524 GASTRONOMY ► GARROTE (gar-rot'), vt. [pr.p. GAESO'TING; p.t. and p.p. GARRO'TED.] 1. Strangle by a brass collar tightened by a screw, whose point enters the spinal marrow. 2. Render insen- sible by semi-strangulation, and then rob. GARROTER (gar-ro'ter), n. One who garrotes. GARRULITY (gar-ro'li-ti), n. Quality of being garrulous. GARRULOUS (gar'o-lus), a. Given to much talking; loquacious; talkative. [L. garrulus — garrio, chatter.] GARTER (gar'ter), n. 1. Band or other device used to hold up the stocking. 2. Badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter. [Norm. Fr. gartler.] GARTER (gar'ter), vt. [pr.p. GAR'TERING; p.t. and p.p. GARTERED (gar'terd). Fasten up with a garter. GAS (gas), n. [pi. GAS'ES.] 1. In popular language, coal-gas. 2. Chem. Any elastic aeriform fluid. 3. Boasting; bluster; gas- conade ; froth. 4. Gas-flame. [A word coined by Van Helmont, a chemist of Flanders, 1577-1644, probably from Flem. geest, Ger. gcist, spirit.] GAS (gas), v. [pr.p. GAS'SING; p.t. and p.p. GASSED (gast).] I. vt. 1. Supply with gas. 2. Expose to the action of a gas-flame. II. vi. 1. Throw out gas, as a defective coal heater. 2. Talk nonsense; vapor. GAS-BURNER (gas'burn-er), n. Jet-piece or tip attached to a gas-fixture to spread out the flame; gas-tip. GAS-COAL (gas'kol), n. Any coal suitable for making illuminating gas. GASCONADE (gas-kon-ad'), n. Boasting or bragging; bravado. [From Gascony, a prov- ince of France.] GASCONADE (gas-kon-ad'), vi. [pr.p. GAS- CONADING; p.U and p.p. GASCONA'DED.] Brag or boast. GAS-ENGINE (gas'en-jin), n. Engine in which motion is communicated to the piston by the alternate admission and condensation of gas In a closed cylinder. GASEOUS (gas'e-us), a. In the form of gas or air. GAS-FITTER (gas'fit-er), n. One who fits up the pipes and brackets for gas-lighting. GAS-FIXTURE (gas'fiks-tur), n. Bracket or chandelier for gas. GASH (gash), vt. [pr.p, GASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. GASHED (gasht).] Make a deep hack or cut in; especially applied to flesh. [O. Fr. garser, pierce with a lancet.] GASH (gash), n. Deep, open wound. GASIFICATION (gas-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act or process of gasifying. GASIFORM (gas'i-farm), a. Gaseous. [GAS and FORM.] GASIFY (gas'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. GAS'IFYING; p.t. and p.p. GASIFIED (gas'i-fid).] Convert into gas. [GAS and -FY.] GAS-JET (gas'jet), n. 1. Gas-burner or tip. 2. Gas-flame. GASKET (gas'ket), n. 1. Naut. Canvas band used to bind the sails to the yards when furled. 2. Strip of tow, etc., for packing a piston. [Etym. doubtful.] GASLIGHT (gas 'lit), n. 1. Light produced by the combustion of coal-gas. 2. Gas-jet. GAS-MAIN (gas 'man), n. One of the principal underground pipes conveying gas from the works to the places where it is consumed. GAS-METER (gas'me-ter), n. Instrument through which the gas is made to pass, in order to ascertain the number of cubic feet which is consumed in a given time. GASOLENE, GASOLINE (gas'o-len), n. Vola- tile fluid distilled from crude petroleum. [GAS, and L. oleum, oil.] GASOLENE-ENGINE (gas'o-len-en'jin), n. In- ternal combustion engine in which explosions of gasolene vapor and air are used as a motive power. Also called gasolene-motor. GASOMETER (gas-om'e-ter), n. 1. Instrument for measuring gas. 2. Reservoir for gas. GASP (gasp), vi. [pr.p. GASP'ING; p.t. and p.p. GASPED (gaspt).] Gape in order to catch breath; breathe laboriously or convulsively. [Ice. geispa, yawn.] GASP (gasp), n. Act of opening the mouth to catch the breath; painful catching of the breath. GASSY (gas'i), a. 1. Gaseous. 2. Given to vain and boastful talk. GAS-TAR (gas 'tar), n. Coal-tar. GASTEROPOD (gas'ter-o-pod), n. One of the Gasteropoda; gastropod. Gasteropoda (gas-ter-op'o-da), Gastrop- oda (gas-trop'o-da), n.pl. Class of mollusks, embracing whelks, limpets, snails and slugs, having in general a muscular disk under the belly, which serves them as feet. [Gr. gastSr, stomach, and pons, podos, foot.] GAS-TIP (gas'tip), n. Same as GAS-BURNER. GASTRIC (gas'trik), o. Of or pertaining to the belly or stomach. — Gastric juice, thin pellu- cid liquor, secreted by the glands of the stom- ach, the principal agent in digestion, con- taining pepsin as its characteristic compound. In the empty stomach it is neutral, but during digestion it becomes acid, from the separation of free hydrochloric acid. [Gr. gaster, stomach.] GASTRITIS (gas-tri'tis), n. Inflammation of the stomach. [Gr. gaster, stomach, and -ITIS.] GASTROGRAPH (gas'tro-graf), n. A mecha- nism for recording the movements of the stomach and the movement of the food during digestion. [Gr. gaster, stomach, and grapho, write.] GASTRONOMIC (gas-tro-nom'ik), a. Pertaining to gastronomy. GASTRONOMY (gas-tron'o-mi), n. Art or science of good eating; pleasure of the table. [Gr. gastSr, stomach, and nomos, rule.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \x=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. GASTROPOD 535 GEAR Ancient City Gate. GASTROPOD (gas'tro-pod), n. One of the Gas- teropoda; gasteropod. GASTROSCOPE (gas'tro-skop), n. Med. Device by which the interior of the stomach can be examined. GATE (gat), n. 1. Passage into a city, inclosure, or large building. 2. Mov- able frame in the entrance into any inclosure, serv- ing to close it. [A. S. geaty opening.] GATE-MONET (gat'mun-i), n. Money taken for en- trance to an athletic or other exhibition. GATEWAY (gat'wa), n. 1. Way through a gate. 2. Gate. 3. Any entrance; avenue; approach. GATHER (gafft'er), v. [pr.p. GATH'ERING;p.f. and p.p. GATHERED (gatfc'erd).] I. vt. 1. Collect; acquire. 2. Plait. 3. Learn by in- ference. II. vi. 1. Assemble; muster. 2, Increase. 3. Suppurate. [A. S. garderian — gador, together.] SYN. Collect; collate; glean; infer. We gather from necessity or convenience; we collect from choice or design; we gather fruit; collect pictures. ANT. Distribute; dispose; dispense; deal. GATHER (gaffc'er), n. 1. Plait or fold in cloth made by drawing the thread through. 2. That part of the dress which is drawn in or gathered. GATHERER (gaffc'er-er), n. One who or that which gathers. GATHERING (gaffc'er-ing), n. 1. Crowd or as- sembly. 2. Tumor or collection of matter. GAUCHE (gosh), a. Left-handed; awkward. [Fr.] GAUCHERIE (go-she-reO, n. Awkwardness; clumsiness. [Fr.] GAUD (gad), n. 1. Ornament. 2. Piece of finery. 3. [pi.] Showy ceremonies. [L. gau- dtutn, delight — gaudeo, rejoice.] GAUDERY (gad'er-i), «. Finery. GAUDILY (gad'i-li), adv. In a gaudy manner. GAUDINESS (gad'i-nes), n. Showiness. GAUDY (gad'i), a. [comp. GAUD'IER; super!. GAUD'IEST.] Showy; flashy; gay. GAUGE, GAUGER. See GAGE, GAGER. GAUL (gal), n. 1. Name of ancient France. 2. Inhabitant of Gaul. [L. Gallia.] GAUNT (gant), a. 1. Thin; of a pinched appear- ance. 2. Hungry; famishing. [Norw. gand.] GAUNTLET (gant'let), n. 1. Iron glove of armor, formerly thrown down in challenge. 2. Long glove covering the wrist. [Fr. gantelet.] GAUTAMA (gow-ta-ma/), n. Family name of Buddha. GAUZE (gaz), n. 1. Thin, transparent fabric, originally of silk. 2. Light open-woven material of any kind, as wire-sraw«e. [Fr. gaze — Gaza in Palestine, whence it was first brought.] GAUZINESS (gaz'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being gauzy. GAUZY (gaz'i), a. Like gauze; thin and di- aphanous. GAVE (gav), v. Past tense of GIVE. GAVEL (gav'l), n. 1. Mallet used by a presiding officer. 2. Mason's mallet. [O. Fr. gavelle.] GAVOTTE (ga-vof), n. 1. Vivacious, dignified French dance. 2. Music in the rhythm of this dance. [Fr.] GAWK (gak), n. 1. Cuckoo. 2. Simpleton; awkward fellow. [A. S. geac, cuckoo.] GAWK (gak), vi. [pr.p. GAWKING; p.u and p.p. GAWKED (gakt).] Behave in a gawky or stupid manner. GAWKINESS (gak'i-nes), n. Quality of being gawky. GAWKY (gak'i), a. Awkward; ungainly; stu- pid. GAWP (gap), vi. [pr.p. GAWP'ING; p.t. and p.p. GAWPED (gapt).] 1. Stare in a dazed manner, with the mouth open. 2. Gape. [Variant of GAPE.] GAY (ga), a. Lively; bright; sportive; merry; showy. [Fr. gai, probably from root of Ger. jaehe, sudden.] GAYETY (ga'e-ti), n. Same as GAIETY. GAYLY, GAILY (ga'li), adv. In a gay or joyous manner; blithely; joyfully; merrily. GAZE (gaz), vi. [pr.p. GA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. GAZED (gazd).] Look fixedly. [Sw. gasa, stare.] SYN. Contemplate; behold; regard; view; stare; gape. See GAPE. ANT. Ignore; overlook; disregard. GAZE (gaz), n. 1. Fixed look. 2. Object gazed at. GAZELLA (ga-zel'a)» n. ZooU Typical genus of gazelles. [L.L.] GAZELLE (ga-zel'), n. Small graceful species of antelope (genus Ga- zella), with beautiful dark eyes, in Arabia and N. Africa. [Ar. ghadh] GAZER (ga'zer), n. One who gazes. GAZETTE (ga-zef), n. 1. Newspaper. 2. [G-] Brit- ish or Continental of- cial newspaper. [Fr. — It. gazzetta.] GAZETTE (ga-zef), vt. p.t. and p.p. GAZET'TED.] nounce in a gazette. GAZETTEER (gaz-et-ter'), n. 1. Writer for a gazette. 2. Geographical dictionary. GEAR (ger), n. 1. Dress; harness; tackle. 2. Connection by means of toothed wheels. [A. S. gearwe, preparation — gearu, ready.] GEAR (ger), vt. [pr.p. GEARING; p.t. and p.p. [pr.p Gazelle. GAZET'TING; Publish or an- flte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. GEARING 526 GENERALIZATION Common Gecko. Move to opposed GEARED (gerd).] 1. Put in gear, as machin- ery. 2. Equip or harness. GEARING (ger'ing), n. 1. Harness. 2. Train of toothed wheels and pinions, or other work- ing parts of a machine. GECKO (gek'o), n. Wall lizard. GEE (J6), v. [pr.p, GEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. GEED (JSd).] I. vt. Cause to move to the right, or from the driver, who walks on the left side. II. vi. the right, away from the driver to HAW. GEE (je), inter). Word of command, addressed to oxen or horses, to urge a move to the off side or forward. GEESE (ges), n. Plural of goose. GEEZ (ge-ez'), «• Ancient language of Ethiopia, a Semitic tongue closely related to Arabic. [Ethiopic] GEHENNA (ge-hen'a), n. 1. Valley of Hinnom (ge-hinnom), where sacrifices to Moloch were offered. 2. Place of eternal torment; hell. [L. — Heb. ge-hinnom, valley of Hinnom.] GEISHA (ga-shaO, n. Japanese dancing girl. [Jap.] GEISSLER TUBE (gis'ler tub). A sealed tube containing a gas which becomes lumi- nous when charged by an electric current from an induction coil. [After Heinrich Geissler, German mechanician.] GEIST (gist), n. Spirit; hence, any inspiring or dominating principle. [Ger.] GELATIN, GELATINE (jel'a-tin), n. Animal substance which dissolves in hot water and forms a jelly when cold. [Fr. — L. gelo, freeze.] GELATINATE (jel-at'i-nat), v. [pr.p. GEL- AT'INATING; p.t. and p.p. GELAT'INATED.] I. vt. Make into gelatin or jelly-like substance. II. vi. Be converted into gelatin or jelly. GELATINATION (jel-at-i-na'shun), n. Act or process of converting or being converted into gelatin or jelly-like substance. GELATINIZE (jel-at'i-niz), vt. and vi. Same as GELATINATE. GELATINOUS (jel-at'i-nus), a. Consisting of or resembling gelatin. GELATION (je-la'shun) , n. Solidification by cold. GELD (geld), vt. [pr.p. GELDING; p.t. and p.p. GELD'ED.] 1. Emasculate. 2. Deprive of anything essential. [Ice. gelda.] GELDING (gelding), n. Castrated animal, especially a horse. /;ELID (jel'id), a. Icy cold; cold. [L. gelidus, cold.] GEM (jem), n. 1. Bud. 2. Precious stone especially when cut. 3. Anything extremely valuable or attractive. 4. Small, round cake. [L. gemma.] GEM (jem), vt. [pr.p. GEM'MING; p.t. and p.p. GEMMED (jemd).] Adorn with gems. GEMINATION (jem-i-na'shun), n. 1. Doubling. 2. Repetition. GEMINI (jem'i-nl), n. pi. Constellation of the zodiac, representing the twins Castor and Pollux. [L., twins.] GEMMATE (jem'at), a. Having buds. GEMMATION (jem-ma'shun), n. 1. Act or time of budding. 2. Arrangement of buds on the stalk. [L. gemma, bud.] GEMSBOK (gemz'bok), n. Zool. South African antelope with long tapering horns, forming efficient weapons of defense {Oryx capensis). -GEN, suffix. Produced ; producing. [Gr. gen- nao, produce.] GENDARME (zhang- darm'), n. 1. Mem- ber of armed police of France. 2. For- merly, knight; cav- alryman. [Fr. gens GENDER (jen'der), vt. Gemsbok {Oryx capensis). d'armes, men-at-arms.] [pr.p. GEN'DERING; p.t. and p.p. GENDERED (jen'derd).] Beget. [Abbr. Of ENGENDER.] GENDER (jen'der), n. 1. Kind. 2. Sex. 3. Gram. Formal distinction of words (nouns, etc.), in three classes, masculine, feminine and neuter, according to sex. [Fr. genre — L. genus, generis, kind, kin.] GENEALOGICAL (jen-e-a-loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to genealogy. GENEALOGIST (jen-e-al'o-jist), n. One who studies or traces genealogies. GENEALOGY (jen-e-al'o-ji), n. [pi. GENEAL'O- GIES.] 1. History of the descent of families. 2. Pedigree of a particular person or family. [Gr. genealogia — genea, birth, descent, and -logos, science.] GENERA (jen'e-ra), w. Plural of GENUS. GENERAL (jen'er-al), I. o. 1. Relating to a whole class; not special. 2. Viewed as a whole. 3. Not restricted in scope, as general agent. 4. Common; prevalent; usual. 5. Loose; vague. H. n. 1. Whole or chief part. 2. Officer who is head over a whole depart- ment. 3. Military officer who commands a body of men not less than a brigade. 4. Chief commander of an army In service. [O. Fr. — L. generalis — genus.] GENERALISSIMO (jen-er-al-is'i-mo), n. Chief commander of an army or of separate armies. [It.] GENERALITY (jen-er-al'I-ti), n. 1. State of being general. 2. Main part; greatest part. 3. Vague statement or principle. [Fr. — L. generalitas.] GENERALIZATION (jen-er-al-i-za'shun), n. 1. Act of comprehending under a common fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. GENERALIZE 527 GENTEEL name several objects resembling each other in some part of their nature. 2. Deduction of a general principle from particulars. GENERALIZE (jen'er-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. GENER- ALIZING; p.U and p.p, GENERALIZED (jen'er-al-Izd).] Make general; reduce to or include under a general term; infer from one or a few, as the nature of a whole class. [Fr. generaliser — yen eral. ] GENERALLY (jen'er-al-i), adv. 1. In general; commonly. 2. Extensively; most frequently. 3. In a general way; without detail. 4. Col- lectively; together. GENERALSHIP (jen'er-al-ship), n. 1. Office or skill of a general or military officer. 2. Dip- lomatic or strategic skill. GENERATE (jen'er-at), vt. [pr.p. GENERA- TING ; p.U and p.p. GENERATED.] Produce ; bring into life ; originate. [L. genero — genus, kind.] GENERATION (jen-er-a'shun), n. 1. Produ- cing or originating. 2. That which is gener- ated. 3. Single stage in natural descent. 4. People of the same age or period. 5. Age of a generation; average lifetime. SYN. Age; period; era; epoch; century; cycle; eon. GENERATIVE (jen'er-a-tiv), a. Having the power of generating or producing; prolific. GENERATOR (jen'er-a-tur), n. 1. Begetter; producer. 2. Elec. Apparatus for main- taining an electric current; dynamo; voltaic battery. 3. Aviation. Device for generating hydrogen gas, specially intended for inflating balloons. See cut under HYDROGEN-GEN- ERATOR. Electric Current Generator. GENERIC (je-ner'ik), GENERICAL (je-ner'- lk-al), a. Marking or comprehending a genus. [Fr. generique.] GENERICALLY (je-ner'ik-al-i), adv. With regard to genus or generic characteristics. GENEROSITY (jen-er-os'i-ti), n. Nobleness or liberality of nature. [Fr. generosite — L. gen- erositas.] GENEROUS (jen'er-us), a. 1. Of a noble nature; well-born. 2. Courageous. 3. Liberal. 4. Invigorating in its nature, as wine. 5. Abun- dant ; full. [O. Fr — L. generosus — genus, birth.] GENEROUSLY (jen'gr-us-Ii), adv. In a generous manner. GENESIS (jen'e-sis), n. 1. Generation; creation or production. 2. Manner of producing. 3. Theory of the origin of something. 4. [C-] First book of the Old Testament. [Gr.] GENET (je-nef), n. Kind of civet-cat, found around the Mediterranean. [Ar. jarneit.] GENET (jen'et), n. Same as JENNET. GENETIC (je-net'ik), GENETICAL (je-net'ik- al), a. Pertaining to generation or origin. GENEVA (je-ne'va), n. Largest city of Swit- zerland. Geneva, Lake of, Lake Leman. Be- tween Switzerland and France. Area 82 sq. m. GENIAL (je'ni-al), a. Cheering; merry; kindly; sympathetic; healthful. [Fr. L. genialis — genius, the spirit of social enjoyment.] GENIALITY (je-ni-al'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being genial. GENIE (je'ni), n. One of the genii. GENII (je'ni-i), n. Plural of GENIUS, presiding spirit. GENITAL (jen'i-tal), a. Belonging to generation or the act of producing; reproductive. GENITIVE (jen'i-tiv), n. Gram. Case in the de- clension of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, parti- ciples, etc., expressing source, origin, pos- session, and the like; possessive case. [L. gigno, genitum, beget.] GENIUS (jen'yus), n. 1. Special inborn faculty of an individual; special aptitude or disposi- tion for a particular employment. 2. Supe- rior inborn power of mind. 3. Distinguishing disposition or tendency, as of a nation, lan- guage, etc. 4. [pi. GENIUSES (jen'yus-ez).] Person endowed with uncommon intellectual powers. [L.; from gigno, beget.] SYN. Talent; talents. Genius is an in- nate mental endowment; talent is acquisi- tive and imitative rather than original. ANT. Senselessness; stupidity; dullness. GENIUS (je'ni-us), GENIE (je'ni), n. [pi. GENII (je'ni-i). ] Good or evil spirit, supposed by the ancients to preside over every person, place, and thing, and especially to preside over a man's destiny from his birth. [L. genius, one's tutelar spirit; from gigno, beget.] GENOA (jen'6-a), n. Seaport city, N. Italy, on gulf of same name. -GENOUS, suffix. Bearing; born. [L. genus, birth.] GENRE (zhang'r), n. Style; sort; genus." A genre picture or painting is one of a style illustrative of common every-day life. [Fr.] GENS (jenz), n. [pi. GENTES (jen'tez).] In ancient Rome, a clan including several fami- lies descended from a common ancestor. [L.] GENT (jent), n. Abbreviated form of GENTLE- MAN; used only colloquially or humorously. GENTEEL (jen-tel'), a. 1. Weil-bred. 2. Grace- ful in manners or in form. 3. Fashionable. [Fr. gentil.'] m*. tat. tt*. far. ^^.^^^m^^^^J^ -^ ^ not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. GENTIAN 528 GEOMETRID^E GENTIAN (jen'shan), n. Plant of many species, (genus Gentiana), some beautiful, some medicinal. GENTILE (jen'til), I. n. 1. One not a Jew. 2. One neither a Jew nor a Christian. 3. In Utah, one not a Mormon. 4. [g-] Gram. Noun or adjective denoting race, country or locality. II. a. 1. Belonging to any nation but the Jews. 2. Non-Mormon. 3. [g-] Of or be- longing to a gens or clan. 4. [g-] Gram. Denoting, race, country, or locality. [L. gentilis — gens, na- tion.] SYN. Heathen; pagan. Gentiles were all peoples except the Jews; heathens and pagans are all peoples practicing idolatry. Heathen is more frequently applied to cul- tivated pagan nations like the Greek and Roman. GENTILITY (jen-til'i-ti), n. Good birth or ex- traction; good breeding; politeness of man- ners. GENTLE (jen'tl), a. 1. Well-born. 2. Mild and refined in manners; mild in disposition. 3. Soft; not strong. 4. Moderate; mild. 5. Gradual. [Fr. — L. gentilis. See GENTEEL.] SYN. Courteous ; polite ; high-bred ; mild ; blend; tame; docile; meek. ANT. Rough; rude; coarse; fierce; savage. GENTLEFOLK (jen'tl-fok), n.pl. Persons of good family or above the vulgar. [See FOLK.] GENTLEMAN (jen'tl-man), n. [pi. GENTLE- MEN; fern. GENTLEWOMAN.] 1. Man of gentle or good birth, above the yeoman. 2. A man of refined manners and good behavior. GENTLEMANLIKE (jen'tl-man-lik), GENTLE- MANLY (jen'tl-man-li), a. Well-bred; refined; generous. GENTLENESS (jen'tl-nes), n. 1. Sweetness of disposition. 2. Easiness; softness. GENTLEWOMAN (jen'tl-wom-an), n [pi. GEN- TLEWOMEN (jen'tl-wim-en).] Lady. See GENTLEMAN. GENTLY (jen'tli), adv. 1. In a gentle manner; softly; tenderly. 2. In a manner character- istic of the gentry or persons of high birth. GENTOO (jen-to), n. Hindu. [Pg. gentio, gen- tile.] GENTRY (jen'tri), n. 1. In England, class of people between the nobility and the yeomanry. 2. Educated and well-bred people. 3. Any particular class of people. (Colloq.) GENUFLECTION, GENUFLEXION (jen-u-flek'- shun), n. Act of bending the knee, espe- cially in worship. [L. genu, knee, and flecto, fiexum, bend.] GENUINE (jen'u-in), a. Natural; not spurious or adulterated; real; pure; true. [Fr. — L. genuinus, inborn.] SYN. Native; true; authentic; unalloyed; intrinsic; trustworthy; unadulterated; veri- table. ANT. Spurious; bogus; sham; coun- terfeit; fictitious; adulterated. GENUINELY (jen'u-in-li), adv. In a genuine manner; purely; truly. GENUINENESS (jen'u-in-nes), n. Quality of being genuine. GENUS (je'nus), n. [pi. GENERA.] 1. Biol. Group consisting of a number of species close- ly connected by common characters or natu- ral affinity. 2. Logic. Class of objects divisible into two or more subordinate classes. [L. genus, origin, kind; from gigno, beget.] GEO-, prefix. Used in words derived from the Greek, and referring to the earth. [Gr. ge, earth.] GEOCENTRIC (je-6-sen'trik), GEOCENTRIC- AL (je-6-sen'trik-al), a. 1. Having the earth for its center. 2. Astron. As seen or measured from the earth. [Gr. ge, the earth, and kentron, center.] GEOCYCLIC (je-o-sik'lik), o. Pertaining to the revolutions of the earth. [GEO- and CYCLIC] GEODE (je'od), n. Min. and Geol. Nodule of stone with a hollow interior lined with crys- tals. [Gr. geodes, earth-like — ge, earth, and eidos, form.] GEODESY (je-od'e-si), n. Survey of large por- tions of the earth's surface, taking Into ac- count its curvature, elevations, etc. [Gr. gS, earth, and daio, divide.] GEOGRAPHER (je-og'ra-fer), n. One who is versed in, or who writes on, geography. GEOGRAPHIC (je-6-graf'ik), GEOGRAPHICAL (je-6-graf'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to geog- raphy. GEOGRAPHY (je-og'ra-fl), n. [pi. GEOGRA- PHIES.] 1. Science which describes the sur- face of the earth and its inhabitants. 2. Book containing a description of the earth. [Gr. ge, earth, and graphe, description — grapho, write.] GEOLOGIC (je-6-loj'ik), GEOLOGICAL (je-6- loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to geology. GEOLOGIST (je-ol'o-jist), w. One versed in geology. GEOLOGY (je-ol'o-ji), n. Science of the struc- ture and history of the earth. [GEO- and -LOGY.] GEOMETER (je-om'e-ter), n. 1. One skilled in geometry; geometrician. 2. Measuring- worm. [Gr. ge, earth, and metron t meas- ure.] GEOMETRIC, GEOMETRICAL (je-6-met'rik- al), a. Pertaining to geometry; according to or done by geometry. GEOMETRICIAN (je-om-e-trish'an), n . One versed in geometry; mathematician. GEOMETRID (je-om'e-trid), n. Larva of the Geometridai; measuring-worm. GEOMETRID.3E (je-6-met'ri-de), n.pl. Entom. Typical family of a group of moths whose larvae are known as loopers or measuring- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. GEOMETRIZE 529 GERUNDIVE worms. [Gr. gedmetres, land-measurer — gi, earth, and metron, measure] GEOMETRIZE (je-om'e-triz), vi. [pr.p. GEOM'- ETBIZING; p.t. and p.p. GEOMETBIZED (Je-om'e-trlzd).] Study or practice geometry. GEOMETRY (je-om'e-tri), n. [pi. GEOME- TRIES.] 1. Branch of mathematics which treats of magnitude of space and Its rela- tions. 2. Text-book of geometry. [Gr. geo- metria — gS, earth, and metron, measure.] GEORGE (jarj), LAKE. In the Adirondacks, New York. GEORGIA (jar'ji-a), n. 1. One of the U. S. Area, 59,436 sq. m. Capital, Atlanta. 2. A coun- try in Asia. Georgian (jar'jan), n . Member of a pure Cauca- sian race in Georgia, Asia* GEORGIC (jar'jik), I. n. A poem relating to agricul- ture or rural affairs, as the Georgics of Virgil. II. a. Relating to agricultural affairs. [Gr. gS, earth, and ergon, work.] GEOTROPISM (je-ot'ro- Georgian. pizm), n. Bot. Downward growth of plants. GERANINE (je'ra-nin), n. Peculiar red-tinted aniline dye. [GERANIUM and IN.] GERANT (zha-rang'), n. Acting manager of a joint-stock association or newspaper establishment. [Fr.] GERANIUM (je-ra'ni-um), n. Plant with seed-vessels like a crane's bill. [Gr. geranos, crane.] GERENUK (ge-re-nok'), n. Geranium (genus Species of, African gazelle Pelargonium). with a very long neck (Lithocranius walleri). [Adapted from the native African name.] GERM (jerm), n. 1. Rudimentary form of a new plant or animal. 2. Origin; first principle. 3. Mi- cro-organism; microbe; bacte- rium. — Germ theory, theory that zymotic dis- eases are caused by presence of micro-organ- isms inthebody. [L.grer»nen,bud.] GERMAN (Jer'- m an), GER- MANE (jer- man'), o. 1. Of the first degree, as cousins- german. 2. Closely allied; relevant. [Fr. — L. germ anus, prob. — germen, bud, origin.] Disease Germs. Consumption. Grip. Born 1898. a. Pertaining to Teutonic race. II. n. German (jer'-man), I. n. [pi. Germans.] 1. Native of Germany. 2. Ger- man language. [g-] 3. The cotillion or party at which it is danced. II. a. Of or from Germany.— High-German, language or dialects of central and southern Germany. — Low- German, language or dia- lects of northern Germany. The Anglo-Saxons were Low Germans. The liter- ature of Germany is chiefly otto Edward Leo- High German. [L. Ger- pold von Bismarck, mnni from thpir fiaiUp German statesman. mam, irom tneir uanic Bom 1515 — died name of uncertain mean- GERMANIC (jer-man'ik), I. Germany or to the Teutonic. GERMANISM (jer'man-izm), n. 1. Idiom or phrase peculiar to the German language. 2. Characteristic German custom, idea, institu- tion, or spirit. GERMAN-SILVER (jer'man-sil-ver), n. Alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc, white like silver, and first made in Germany. GERMANY (jer'man-i), n. Empire in central Europe. Area 298,830 sq. m. GER3IICIDE (jer'mi-sid), n. Substance used for destroying the germs of a disease. [GERM, and L. cosdo, kill.] GERMICULTURE (jer'mi-kul-tur), n. Artifi- cial culture of disease germs or bacteria. [GERM and CULTURE.] GERMINAL (jer'mi-nal), a. Pertaining to a germ. GERMINATE (jer'mi-nat), vi. [pr.p. GERMI- NATING; p.t. and p.p. GERMINATED.] Spring from a germ; begin to grow. [L. germ- ino, sprout.] GERMINATION (jer-mi-na'shun), process of germinating. GERMINATIVE (jer'mi-na-tiv), a pertaining to germination. 2. cause germination. GERRYMANDER (ger'i-man-der), GERRYMANDERING MANDERED n. Act or 1. Of or Tending to vt. [pr.p. p.t. and p.p. GERRY- (ger'i-man-derd).] Divide as, a State, into political districts so as to give one party an unfair advantage. [Elbridge Gerry, governor of Massachusetts when the plan was devised.] GERRYMANDER (ger'i-man-der), n. Act of gerrymandering. GERUND (jer'und), n. 1. Part of the Latin verb used as a noun. 2. Similar form of the verb in other languages, as in English " a hall designed for dancing." [L. gerundium — gero, carry on.] GERUNDIVE (je'run-div), n. Term applied in Latin grammar to future participle passive. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=ch in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn, GERYON 530 GIFT GERYON (je'ri-on), n. Greek Myth. A three- headed monster with three bodies killed by Hercules, who carried off his cattle. GESTATION (jes-ta'shun), n. 1. Carrying the young in the womb. 2. Carrying; exercise by being carried, as on horseback. [L. gesto, carry.] GESTICULATE (jes-tik'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. GES- TICULATING; p.t. and p.p. GESTICULA- TED.] Make gestures or motions when speak- ing; play antic tricks. [L. gesticulor — gero, carry.] GESTICULATION (jes-tik-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of gesticulating. 2. Art of making ges- tures. 3. Gesture. GESTURE (jes'tur), n. Position, or movement of the body, expressive of sentiment or passion. [L.L. gestura, mode of action — L. gero, carry.] GET (get), v. [pr.p. GET'TING; p.t. GOT; p.p. GOT or GOTTEN (got'n).] I. vt. 1. Obtain. 2. Beget. 3. Learn. 4. Persuade; cause. 5. Take; betake. 6. Carry; bring. II. vi. Arrive; put one's self in a place, state or con- dition; become. — Get at, reach. — Get off, es- cape. — Get on, proceed; advance. — Get over, surmount. — Get through, finish. — Get up, arise ; ascend. [A. S. gitan.] SYN. Gain; procure; win; acquire; earn; obtain; achieve; attain; secure; receive. One gets whatever he comes to possess in any way; he gains by striving; he earns what he gives an equivalent for; he wins by hazard or chance. ANT. Lose; surren- der; forego; miss. GEWGAW (gu'ga), I. n. Toy; bauble; trifle. II. a. Showy; without value. givegove, trifling gift — root of GIVE.] GEYSER (gi'ser),n. Spring which throws out hot or cold water, mud, etc. [Ice. geysa, gush.] GHASTLINESS (gast'li- nes), n. Quality of being ghastly. GHASTLY (gast'li), a. Death -like; haggard; hideous. [A. S. gmstlic, terrible. See AGHAST.] GHAT, GHAUT (gat), ». 1. Mountain-pass. 2. Mountain-range. 3. Landing place. [India.] GHENT (gent), n. Capital of E. Flanders, Belgium. GHERKIN (ger'kin), n. Small cucumber used agurkje.] Ghetto (get'o), n. [pi. 1. Quarter of an Italian city in which formerly the Jews were compelled to live. 2. Part of a city where Jews are numerous. GHOST (gost), n. 1. Breath; spirit. 2. Soul of a dead person. 3. Unearthly apparition; showy [M. E. Geyser. pickling. [Dut. GHETTOS (get'6z).] for spirit. 4. Mere shadow. — Holy Ghost, third person in the Trinity. [A. S. gdst .] GHOSTLINESS (gost'li-nes), n. Quality or state of being ghostly. GHOSTLY (gost'li), a. 1. Spiritual. 2. Pertain- ing to apparitions; supernatural; ghost-like; ghastly. GHOUL (gol), n. 1. Demon supposed to feed on the dead; ogre. 2. Grave-robber. [Pers. ghiil.] GIANT 3 (ji'ant), n. [fern. GI'ANTESS.] 1. Man of extraordinary size. 2. Person of extraor- dinary powers. 3. In ancient Greek and Roman mythology, a gigantic being supposed to be the offspring of Uranus and Gaea, literally, heaven and earth. [Fr. geant — Gr. gigas.] GIAOUR (jowr), n. Infidel, term applied by the Turks to all who are not of their own religion. [Pers. gdwr.] GIBBER (gib'er), vi. [pr.p. GIB 'BERING; p.U and p.p. GIBBERED (gib'erd).] Jabber. GIBBERISH (gib'er-ish), I. n. Rapid, gabbling talk; unmeaning words. II. a. Unmeaning. [Imitation of the sound.] GIBBET (jib'et), n. 1. Gallows. 2. Projecting beam of a crane. [Fr. gibet.] GIBBET (jib'et), vt. [pr.p. GIB'BETING; p.t. and p.p. GIB 'BETED.] Expose on a gibbet; execute; expose to scorn. GIBBON (gib'un), n. Long-armed, tailless ape native of the East Indies. GIBBOSITY (gib-bos'i-ti), n. 1. State of being gibbous. 2. Hump. GIBBOUS (gib 'us), a. 1. Hump-backed. 2. Swelling, convex, as the moon when nearly full. [L. gibbosus — gibber, humped.] GIBE (jib), v. [pr.p. GI'BING; p.t. and p.p. GIBED (jibd).] I. vt. Sneer at; mock; taunt. II. vi. Make use of sneering or taunting ex- pressions; sneer; flout. [Ice. geipa, talk non- sense.] GIBE (jib), n. Expression of sarcastic scorn or contempt; sneer; scoff; taunt. GIBER (ji'ber), n. One who makes use of gibes. GIBINGLY (ji'bing-li), adv. In a gibing man- ner. GIBLETS (jib 'lets), n. pi. 1. Eatable internal parts of a fowl. 2. Tatters; shreds. [O. Fr. gibelet.] GIBRALTAR (ji-bral'tar), n. Town and fortified rock, S. Spain. See cut under FORTRESS. GID (gid), n. Staggers in sheep, caused by the presence in the brain of the larva of the dog's tapeworm. [From GIDDY.] GIDDILY (gid'i-li), adv. In a giddy manner. GIDDINESS (gid'i-nes), n. State or quality of being giddy. GIDDY (gid'i), a. 1. Foolish; frivolous, incon- stant; thoughtless. 2. Dizzy. 3. That causes giddiness. 4. Whirling. [A. S. gidig.] GIFT (gift), n. 1. Thing given. 2. Quality fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn- ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kix=ch in Scotch loch. GIFT 531 GIN-SLING bestowed by nature. 3. Act or right of giving. [A. 8.; from gipan, give.] SYN. Donation; present; gratuity; en- dowment; talent; faculty. ANT. Compen- sation; remuneration; guerdon. GIFT (gift), vt. [pr.p. GDJT'ING; p.U and p.p. GIFT'ED.] Endow with any power or faculty. GIFTED (gift'ed), a. Well endowed by nature; talented. GIG (gig), n. 1. Light, two-wheeled, one-horse carriage. 2. Long, light boat. 3. Any light, quickly moving thing. 4. Fun; sport. 5. Silly girl. 6. Fishing-spear or harpoon. [Ice. gigja, fiddle; Fr. gigue, lively dance.] GIG (gig), v. [pr.p. GIG'GING; p.t. and p.p. GIGGED (gigd).] I. vt. Spear with a gig. II. vi. Fish with a gig. GIGANTIC (ji-gan'tik), a. Of the nature of or like a giant; colossal; immense. [See GIANT.] GIGGLE (gig'l), vi. [pr.p. GIG'GLING; p.U and p.p. GIGGLED (gig'ld).] Laugh with short catches of the breath, or in a silly manner. [From the sound.] GIGGLE (gig'l), n. Silly convulsive laugh; titter. GIGGLER (gig'ler), n. One who giggles. Gila monster (he'la mon'- ster). Large poi- sonous lizard (Heloderma sus- pedum), having tubercular scales, in Arizona.] GILD (gild), vt. [pr.p. GILD'ING; p.t. and p.p. GILD'ED or GILT.] 1. Cover or overlay with gold. 2. Adorn with luster; give a splendid, deceptive appearance to. [A. S. gyldan. See GOLD.] GILD (gild), n. Same as GUDLD. GILDER (gild'er), n. One who gilds or prac- tices gilding as a trade. GILDING (gilding), n. 1. Art or practice of overlaying with gold. 2. That which is laid on in, or as in, overlaying with gold. GILDING-METAL (gild'ing-met-al), n. Alloy composed of copper, brass, and tin. GILDING-SIZE (gild'ing-siz), n. Kind of size used by gilders. GILL (gil), n. 1. Breathing organ in fishes and certain other aquatic animals. 2. Wattle of a fowl. [Dan. gicelle.] GILL (gil), vt. [pr.p. GILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. GILLED (gild).] Catch by the gills, as fish In a gill-net. GILL (ill), n. Measure of liquids = £ pint. [O. Fr. geUe.1 GILLIE, GILLY (gil'l), n. Youth; manservant. [Sc] GILL-NET (girnet), n. Net suspended vertically in the water from floats on the surface by means of metallic weights, so that fish in attempting to get through catch their gills in the meshes. Gila Monster. [Named from Gila river, GILLYFLOWER (jil'i-flow-er), n, 1. Popular name for stock, wall- flower, etc., so called from its clove-like smell. 2. Kind of ap- ple. [Fr. giroflee — Gr. karyophyllon, clove- tree — karyon, nut, and phyllon, leaf.] GILT (gilt), I. a. Gilded. II. n. Gilding. GIMBALS (jim'balz), n.pl. Two rings for suspend- ing the mariner's com- pass so as to keep it always horizontal. [L. gemelli, twins.] GIMCRACK (jim'krak), Gillyflowers. n. Toy; trivial mechanism. GIMLET (gim'let), n. Small tool for boring holes. [Fr. gibelet — Teut. root of WIMBLE.] GIMP (gimp), n. Kind of trimming, etc., of silk, woolen, or cotton twist. [Fr. guimpe — O. Ger. wimpal, light robe. See WIMPLE.] GIN (jin), n. Liquor distilled from grain flavored with juniper berries. [Dut. jenever, juniper.] GIN (jin), n. 1. Trap; snare. 2. Machine or instrument by which the mechanical powers are employed in aid of human strength. [From ENGINE.] GIN (jin), vt. [pr.p. GIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. GINNED (jind).] 1. Catch in a trap. 2. Clear (cotton) of its seeds by means of the cotton- gin. GIN-FIZZ (jin-flz'), n. Beverage made of ad- mixture of gin, lemon, sugar and aerated water. GINGER (jin'jer), n. Root of a plant in the E. and W. Indies, with a hot and spicy taste, so called from being shaped like a horn. [Gr. zingiberis.] GINGERBREAD (jin'jer-bred), n. Sweet cake flavored with ginger. GINGERLY (jin'jer-li), adv. With soft steps; timidly. [From root of Sw. gingla, walk gingerly.] GINGERSNAP (jin'jer-snap), n. Ginger {Zin~ Thin brittle cakes spiced with gjfo^ °" lcl " ginger. GINGHAM (ging'am), n. Kind of cotton cloth. [Fr . guingan — Guingamp , a town in Brittany, where made.] GINGKO(ging'ko),n. Maid- enhair-tree. [Jap.] GINSENG (jin'seng), n, Chi- nese plant (genus Aralia), used as a panacea, recently cultivated in U. S. for export to China. [Chin., wonder of the world.] Ginseng. GIN-SLING (jin'sling), n. Decoction of gin, fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i ui Scotch loch. GIPSY 532 GIZZARD sugar, lemon and other flavors mixed with cold water and used as a beverage. GIPSY, GYPSY (jip'si), n. [pi. GIPSIES, GYP'SIES.] 1. One of a wandering race, originally from India. 2. One with a dark com- plexion. 3. Sly woman or playful girl. [Corrup. from EGYPTIAN.] GIPSY-MOTK (jip'si-math), ». Destructive moth and its larva that infest the forests of the Eastern rin«s States of the U. 8., the trtpsy. larvae divesting many trees of their entire foliage. Gipsy-moth (Porthetria dispar L.) 1. Pupa of Gipsy-moth. 2. Male Gipsy-moth. GIPSY-WINCH (jip'si-winch), n. Naut. Smai hand ratchet winch attached horizontally to a bitt or stanchion and moved with either bars or a crank handle to facilitate the hoisting or clew- ing of sails, etc. GIRAFFE (ji-raf), n. Ruminant ani- mal of Africa, the only species of its genus and family. A full-grown male reaches the height of eighteen to twenty feet. It feeds upon leaves of trees. [Fr. — Ar.zurafa, long-necked.] GIRANDOLE (jir'an-dol), n. 1. Chandelier. 2. Revolving jet. of water or fireworks. [It. See | GYRATE.] GIRASOL (jir'a-sol), n. Kind off opal. [It. — L. gyro, turn, and 1 sol, sun.] GIRD (gerd), vt. [pr.p. GIRD' ING; p.t. and p.p. GIRD'ED or GIRT.] 1. Bind round; make fast by binding. 2. Sur- round; clothe. [A. S. gyrdan. Akin to YARD.] GIRD (gerd), n. 1. Twitch or pang. 2. Gibe. [A. S. gyrd.] GIRD (gerd), v. [pr.p. GIRDING; p.t. and p.p. Giraffe. Girdler (Crambus hortuellus Hbn). 1. Moth. 2. Egg. 3. Larva. 4. Pupa. 5. Segment of larva. 6. Nest of larva. (Greatly enlarged). GIRD'ED.] I. vt. Gibe or mock. II. vl. Give vent to gibes or sarcasm. GIRDER (gerd'er), n. 1. One who girds. 2. Simple or compound beam sustaining a weight, and supported at ends. GIRDLE (gerd'l), n. That which girds or en- circles, especially a band for the waist. [A. S. gyrdel — gyrdan, gird.] GIRDLE (gerd'l), vt. [pr.p. GIRDLING; p.t. and p.p. GIRDLED (gerd 'Id).] 1. Bind, as with a girdle. 2. In- close. 3. Make a circular in- cision in, as through the bark of a tree to kill it. GIRDLER (gerd- ler), n. Species of caterpillar or worm that at- tacks cranberry bushes. Some- times called girdle-worm. GIRL (gerl), n. 1. Female child. 2. Young woman. 3. Female servant; maid-servant. 4. Sweetheart. [From root of L. Ger. gmr, child.] GIRLHOOD (gerl'hod), n. State, time, or con- dition of being a girl. GIRLISH (gerl'ish), a. 1. Characteristic of girlhood. 2. Of or pertaining to a girl or girlhood. GIRT (gert), vt. [pr.p. GIRT'ING; p.t. and p.p. GIRT.] 1. Gird or encircle. 2. Measure the girth of. GIRT (gert), a. 1. Girded; bound. 2. Naut. Ap- plied to a vessel when moored with cables so as to prevent swinging to the wind or tide. GIRTH (gerth), n. 1. Belly-band of a saddle. 2. Measure round the waist. GIRTH (gerth), vt. [pr.p. GIRTH'ING; p.t. and p.p. GIRTHED (gertht).] Bind as with a girth; gird. GIST (jist), n. Main point or pith of a matter. [From an O. Fr. proverb: **I know where the hare lies (gist),'*] GIVE (giv), v. {pr.p. GIVING; p.t. GAVE (gav) ; p.p. GIVEN (giv'n).] I. vt. Bestow; impart; yield; permit; afford; furnish; pay or render, as thanks; pronounce, as a decision; show, as a result; apply, as one's self; allow or admit. II. vi. Yield to pressure; begin to melt; grow soft. [A. S. gifan.] SYN. Grant; confer. We give what is or is not asked for; grant what is asked for; give a present; grant a request; confer an honor. ANT. Take; withhold; deny; re- fuse. GIVER (giv'er), n. One who gives, donates* bestows or contributes. GIZZARD (giz'ard), n. Muscular second stom- fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=M in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, \iix—ch in Scotch loch. GLABROUS 533 GLASS ach of a bird or insect, in which grain and other food is ground. [Fr. gesier — L. gigeria, cooked entrails of poultry.] GLABROUS (gla'brus), a. Having no hairs or any unevenness. [L. glaber, smooth.] GLACE (gla-sa'), a. Glazed; polished; frozen; sugar-coated. GLACIAL (gla'shi-al), a. 1. Icy; frozen. 2. Pertaining to ice or its action, especially to glaciers. [L. glades, ice.] GLACIER (gla'shSr or glas'i-er), n. Slowly mov- ing river of ice, in the hollows and on the slopes of lofty mountains. [Fr. — L,.glacies,ice*] GLACIS (gla'sis or gla-ses'), n. Gentle slope. [Fr.; slide.] GLAD (glad), c. [comp. GLAD'DER; superl. »GLAD'DEST.] 1. Pleased, cheerful; bright. 2. Giving pleasure. [A. S. glwd, smooth, slippery.] SYN. Happy; joyful; joyous; gratified; delighted; blithesome; gleeful; pleased. ANT. Unhappy; sorrowful; sorry; disap- pointed; dismal. GLAD (glad), vt. [pr.p. GLAD'DING; p.t, and p.p. GLADDED.] Make glad. (Poet.) GLADDEN (glad'n), vU [pr.p. GLAD'DENING; p.t. and p.p. GLADDENED (glad'nd).] Make glad; cheer. GLADE (glad), n. 1. Open space in a wood. 2. Patch of smooth ice or blue sky. [Root of GLAD. Norw. glette, patch of blue sky.] GLAD-HAND (glad'hand),n. Heart- felt welcome and greeting. GLADIATE (glad'i-at), o. Sword- shaped. [L. gladius, sword.] GLADIATOR (glad'i-a-tur), n. Pro- fessional combatant with men or beasts in an arena. [L.; swords- man.] GLADIATORISM(glad'i-a-tur-izm), n. Combats of gladiators in the amphitheater or arena in ancient times; and prize-fighting of the present day. Gladiator. GLADIOLUS (gla-di'd-lus), n . Sword-lily. [L.] I GLADLY (glad'li), adv. [comp, GLAD'LDj2R; superl, GLAD'LIEST.] 1. With gladness or pleasure. 2. Blithely; cheerfully. GLADNESS (gladnes), n. Quality or state of being glad. GLADSOME (glad'sum), a. Glad; joyous; gay. GLAIR (glar), n. 1. White of an egg used as varnish. 2. Any viscous transparent sub- stance. [Fr. glaire. Akin to CLEAR.] GLAIR (glar), vt. [pr.p. GLAIR'ING; p.t, and p.p. GLAIRED (glard).] Varnish with white of egg. GLAIRY (glar'i), a. Of the nature of or resem- bling glair. GLAIVE (glav), n. Weapon like a halberd, fixed on a long shaft, its edges on the outer curve. [O. Fr. — L. gladius, sword.] GLAMOUR (glam'ur), n. Influence of a charm on the eyes ; enchantment. [Corrup. of GRAM- MAR, which formerly meant magic] GLANCE (glans), n. 1. Sudden shoot of light. 2. Darting of the eye ; momentary view. 3. De- flected motion. [Sw. glans, luster.] GLANCE (glans), v. [pr.p. GLAN'CING; p.t. and p.p. GLANCED (glanst).] I. vi. 1. Dart a ray of light or splendor. 2. Snatch a mo- mentary view. 3. Fly off obliquely. 4. Make a passing allusion. II. vt. Dart sud- denly or obliquely. GLANCINGLY (glan'sing-li), adv. In a glancing manner; indirectly. GLAND (gland), n. 1. Fleshy organ of the body which secretes some substance from the blood. 2. Small cellular organ of a plant which se- cretes oil or aroma. 3. Mach, Joints in machinery arranged tightly so as to retain oil for lubricating purposes. [L. glans, acorn.] GLANDERS (glan'derz), n. Contagious disease of the mucous membrane of the nostrils of horses. [From GLAND.] GLANDULAR (glan'du-lar), o. 1. Consisting of, having, or pertaining to glands. 2. Bot, Covered with hairs tipped with glands. GLANDULE (glan'dul), n. Small gland. GLARE (glar), n. 1. Clear, dazzling light; overpowering luster. 2. Fierce stare. JA. S. glaer, amber; akin to GLASS.] GLARE (glar), vi, [pr.p. GLAR'ING; p.t, and p.p. GLARED (glard).] 1. Shine with a daz- zling light. 2. Look with piercing eyes. [A. S. glaer, amber; akin to GLASS.] GLARING (glar'ing), a. 1. Bright and dazzling. 2. Barefaced; bold. 3. Plainly discernible. GLASGOW (glas'go), n. City, Scotland, on River Clyde. GLASS (glas), I. n, 1. Hard, brittle, transpar- ent substance. 2. Anything made of glass, especially a drinking vessel, a mirror, etc. 3. [pi.] Spectacles. 4. Quantity of liquid a glass holds. 5. Barometer. II. a. Made of glass. [A. S. glaes, akin to GLOW, GLANCE, etc.] GLASS (glas), vt. [pr.p. GLASS'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLASSED (glast).] 1. Reflect as in a glass; mirror. 2. Glaze. fate, fat, task, far, fall, tare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n6te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. " ti=tt in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. GLASS-BELL 534 GLOAMING > GLASS-BELL (glas'bel), n. Glass cylinder with dome-shaped top, either open or closed used for various purposes, so as to protect arti- cles under it from dust or inclement weather.— Glass-bell gardening, forced vegetation by inclo- sing the different plants under indi- vidual glass-bell cov- erings. GLASS - BLOWER (glas'blo-er), n. One who makes or shapes glass by means of a blow-pipe. GLASSFUL (glas'fol), n. [pZ.GLASS'FULS.] As much as will hold. GLASSILT (glas'i-li), adv. appearance. GLASSINESS (glas'i-nes), n. glassy. GLASSY (glas'i), n. 1. Made of or resembling glass. 2. Dull; staring; as a glassy eye. GlAUCUS (gla'kus), n. Greek Myth. Also known as the marine god Glaucus Pontius. He steered the ship Argo when Jason went in search of the golden fleece. Father of all soothsayers. GLAUCOUS (gla'kus), a. 1. Light green, pass- ing into bluish-gray. 2. Covered with fine powder, as a plum. [L., sea-green.] GLAVE (glav), n. Same as GLAIVE. GLAZE (glaz), vt. [pr.p. GLA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. GLAZED (giazd).] 1. Furnish with glass. 2. Give a glassy surface to. [M. E. glasen — glas — A. S. glees, glass.] GLAZE (glaz), n. 1. Glassy coating put upon pottery. 2. Any material for giving a shi- ning exterior. Glass-bell gardening. drinking-glass or wine-glass With a glass-like Quality of being One who sets glass in [For glaz-er, as law-y-er GLAZIER (gla'zher), n. window-frames, etc. for law-er.] GLAZING (gla'zing), n. 1. Act or art of setting glass. 2. Art of covering with a vitreous substance. 3. Semi-transparent color put thinly over another* GLEAM (glem), n. 1. Small ray of light; glim- mer; glow. 2. Short or sudden glimpse or sight; ray. [A. S. gltem.] GLEAM (glem), vi. [pr.p. GLEAMING; p.t. and p.p. GLEAMED (glemd).] Dart or throw gleams or rays; shine; glow; glimmer. GLEAMT (glem'i), o. Casting beams of light. GLEAN (glen), vt. [pr.p. GLEAN'ING; p.t and p.p. GLEANED (glSnd).] Gather, as grain which reapers leave behind them; collect, as what is thinly scattered. [0. Fr. glener — A. S. glim, handful.] GLEANER (glen'er), n. One who .gleans. GLEBE (gleb), w. 1. Clod of earth; sod. 2. Land belonging to a parish church or eccle- siastical benefice. [Fr. — L. gleba, clod, soil.] GLEE (gle), n. 1. Joy; mirth; gaity. 2. Song for three or more solo voices, without ac- companiment. [A. S. gleo, mirth.] GLEEFUL (gle'fol), GLEESOME (gle'suin), a. Merry; gay. GLEET (glet), n. Glairy discharge from a mucous surface. [O. Fr. glete, mucus.] GLEN (glen), n. Narrow valley. [Gael, gleann,] GLENGARRY (glen-gar'i), n. Scotch woolen cap, growing lower toward the back, where two ribbons hang down. [From Valley of Glengarry.] GLIB (glib), a. 1. Slippery. 2. Mo ting easily. [Dut. glibberig, slippery.] GLIBNESS (glib'nes), n. Volubility; fluency. GLIDE (gild), vi. [pr.p. GLI'DING; p.i. and p.p. GLI'DED or GLID (glid).] 1. Slide smoothly and easily; flow gently. 2. Aviation. De- scend by means of the elevator and ailerons after the engine has been shut off; volplane. [A. S. glidan.) GLIDE (glid), n. 1. Act of gliding. 2. Music. Slur. 3. Smooth and sliding kind of waltz- step. GLIDER (gli'der), n. One who or that which glides. GLIM (glim), n. Light; candle. (Colloq.) GLIMMER (glim'er), vi. [pr.p. GLIM'MERING; p.t. and p.p. GLIMMERED (glim'erd).] Burn or appear faintly. [Dan. glimre.] GLIMMER (glim'er), n. 1. Faint light; feeble rays of light. 2. Mica. GLIMMERING (glim'er-ing), ». 1. Glimmer. 2. Slight idea. GLIMPSE (glimps), v. [pr.p. GLIMPS'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLIMPSED (glimpst).] I. vt. Catch a transitory or momentary sight of. II. vi. I. Appear with a faint light. 2. Glance. [M. E. glimpssen; from glim, brightness. A variant of GLIMMER.] GLIMPSE (glimps), n. 1. Weak light; transient luster. 2. Hurried view. 3. Fleeting en- joyment. 4. Faint resemblance. GLINT (glint), v. [pr.p. GLINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLINT'ED.] I. vt. Reflect the flash of. II. vi. 1. Shine; gleam. 2. Move quickly. [O. Dan. glint e, shine.] GLINT (glint), n. Gleam; glance, or flash. GLISTEN (glis'n), vi. [pr.p. GLIS'TENING; p.t. and p.p. GLISTENED (glis'nd).] Glitter; sparkle with light ; shine. [Akin to GLITTER.] GLITTER (giit'er), vi. [pr.p. GLITTERING; p.t. and p.p. GLITTERED (glit'erd).] Sparkle with light; be splendid; be showy. [Ice. glitraJ] GLITTER (giit'er), n. Luster; sparkle; ra- diance; brilliancy. GLOAMING (glom'ing), n. 1. Twilight; dusk; fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. mute, hut, burn. GLOAT 535 GLUCOSIDE Terrestrial Globe. Like a globe; spher- fall of the evening. 2. Gloominess. [Sc. Variant of GLOOM.] GLOAT (glot), vi. [pr.p. GLOAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLOAT'ED.] Look eagerly with wicked satisfaction; view with evil joy. [Ice. glotta; Ger. glotzen.] GLOBE (glob), n. 1. Bound body; ball; sphere. 2. Earth. 3. Sphere repre- senting the earth (terrestrial globe), or the heavens (celes- tial globe). [Fr. — L. globus.] GLOBOSE (glo'bos), GLOBOUS(gld'bus), GLOBULAB (glob'- u-lar), GLOBU- LOUS (glob'u-lus), a. teal. GLOBULE (glob'ul), n. Little globe; round particle. GLOMEBATE (glom'er-at), a. Gathered in a ball or cluster. [L. glomus, ball.] GLOOM (glom), n. 1. Partial darkness; cloudi- ness. 2. Sadness. [A. S. gldm, gloom.] SYN. Shade; dimness; melancholy; ob- scurity; depression; dejection. ANT. Light; radiance; clearness; brightness. GLOOM (glom), v. [pr.p. GLOOM'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLOOMED (glbmd).] I. vt. 1. Make gloomy; darken. 2. Make dismal or sad. II. vi. 1. Appear obscurely or dimly. 2. Be- come dark or cloudy. GLOOMILY (glom'i-li), adv. In a dejected and melancholy manner. GLOOMINESS (glom'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being gloomy. GLOOMY (glbm'i), a. [comp. GLOOM'IER; superl. GLOOM'IEST.] 1. Dark; dismal; low- ering. 2. Melancholy; downcast. GLOBIFICATION (glo-ri-fl-ka'shun), n. Act of glorifying or state of being glorified. GLOBIFY (glo'ri-fi), vt. [pr.p. GLO'RIFYING; p.t. and p.p. GLORIFIED (glo'ri-fid).] 1. Make glorious; honor; exalt to glory or hap- piness. 2. Ascribe honor to; worship. [L. gloria, glory, and facio, make.] GLOBIOUS (glo'ri-us), a. Noble; splendid; conferring renown. [L. gloriosus.] GLOBIOUSLY (gl&'ri-us-li), adv. In a glorious manner. GLOBY (glo'ri), n. [pi. GLO'RIES.] 1. Be- no wn; honor. 2. Occasion of praise. 3. Object of pride. 4. Excellency; splendor; brightness. 5. Presence of God; heaven. [L. gloria, akin to clarus, clear.] SYN. See FAME. GLOEY (glo'ri), vi. [pr.p. GLO'RYING; p.t. and p.p. GLORIED (glo'rid).] Feel exultant sat- isfaction or pleasure; exult with joy. GLOSS (glos). n. Brightness or luster, as from a polished surface; external show. [Ice. glossl, brightness.] GLOSS (glos), vt. [pr.p. GLOSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLOSSED (glost).] 1. Give a superficial lus- ter to. 2. Render plausible; palliate. GLOSS (glos), n. Explanatory remark; com- ment. [L. L. glossa, unexplained word.] GLOSS (glos), v. [pr.p. GLOSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLOSSED (glost).] I. vt. Explain by note or comment. II. vi. Comment or make explanatory notes. GLOSSABY (glos'a-ri), n. [pi. GLOSS'ARIES.] 1. Collection of glosses. 2. List of words or passages requiring special explanation. GLOSSILY (glos'i-li), adv. In a glossy manner. GLOSSINESS (glos'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being glossy. GLOSSOLOGY (glos-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Science of language. 2. Glossary. GLOSSY (glos'i), a. Smooth and shining; highly polished. GLOTTIS (glot'is), n. [pi. GLOTTIDES (glot'i- dez).] Opening of the larynx; entrance to the windpipe. [Gr. glossa, tongue.] GLOUCESTER (glos'ter), n. City and port, England, on the Severn. GLOUCESTER (glos'ter), n. Seaport, Massa- chusetts. GLOVE (gluv), n. Cover for the hand, with a sheath for each finger. [A. S. gldf.] GLOVE (gluv), vt. [pr.p. GLOVING; p.t. and p.p. GLOVED (gluvd).] Cover with, or as with, a glove. GLOW Cglo), vi. [pr.p. GLOWING; p.t. and p.p. GLOWED (glod).] 1. Shine with an intense heat. 2. Feel great heat of body; be flushed. 3. Feel the heat of passion; be ardent. [A. S. gldwan.] GLOW (glo), n. 1. Shining, red or white heat. 2. Unusual warmth. 3. Brightness of color. 4. Vehemence of passion. GLOWER (glow'er), vi. [pr.p. GLOWERING; p.t. and p.p. GLOWERED (glow'erd).] Look intently; stare angrily. [From GLARE.] GLOWWORM (glo'wurm), n. Female, or larva of a certain insect, which glows or shines in the dark. GLOZE (gloz), v. [pr.p. GLO'ZING; p.t. and p.p. GLOZED (glozd).] I. vi. Give a false mean- ing. II. vt. Palliate by specious explana- tion. [From GLOSS.] GLUCOSE (glo'kos), n. 1. sugar in the juice of fruits obtained when starch is changed to sugar by sulphuric acid. [Fr. — Gr. glykys, sweet.] GLUCOSIDE (glo'kd-sld), n. Chem. Generic term for vegetable compounds, which, when treated with alkalis, turn into saccharine matter and acids. Glowworm. Peculiar kind of 2. Sugar syrup fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, h@r; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, \X=u In Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. GLUE 536 GOB GLUE (glo), n. Substance obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc.* of animals. [Fr. glu, birdlime.] GLUE (glo), v. [pr.p. GLU'ING; p.t. and p.p. GLUED (glod).] I. vt. 1. Join with glue. 2. Fasten. II. vi. Stick together; adhere. GLUEY (glo'i), a. Containing glue; sticky; viscous. GLUM (glum), a. Frowning; sullen. [Akin to GLOOM.] GLUMACEOUS (glo-ma'shus), o. Bot. Having glumes. GLUMIFEROUS (glo-mif er-us), o. Bearing glumes. GLUME (gl5m), n. Husk or bracteal covering of grain and grasses. [L. gluma — glubo, peel off bark.] GLUT (glut), vt. [pr.p. GLUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. GLUTTED.] 1. Swallow greedily. 2. Feast to satiety. 3. Supply in excess. [L. glutio, swallow.] That which is gorged. 2. 3. Anything that obstructs GLUT (glut), n. 1. Over-abundance. the passage. GLUTEN (glo'ten), enous, nutritious Glutton. n. Grayish, viscid, nitrog- substance which becomes brown and brittle by drying, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. [L. Akin to GLUE.] GLUTINOUS (glo'ti-nus), a. 1. Gluey; tenacious. 2. Covered with sticky moisture. GLUTTON (glut'n), n. 1. One who eats to excess. 2. Wolverine, a carnivorous mam- mal. [Fr. glouton — L. gluto.] GLUTTONOUS (glut'- 3g n-us), GLUTTON- ISH (glut'n-ish), a. Given to gluttony; greedy; voracious. GLUTTONY (glut'n-i), n. Excessive indulgence of the appetite for food. GLYCERINE, GLYCERIN (glis'e-rin), n. Trans- parent, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet taste, obtained from natural fats by saponifi- cation with alkalis or by the action of super- heated steam. [Gr. glykys y sweet.] GLYCOL (gli'kol), n. Chem. Generic term for all combinations of glycerine and alcohol. GNARL (narl), vi. [pr.p. GNARL'ING; p.t. and p.p. GNARLED (narld).] Snarl; growl. [Dan. knurre, growl.] GNARL (narl), w. Snarl; growl. GNARL (narl), n. 1. Twisted knot in wood. 2. Rough irregular growth on a tree; roughness. [Teut. root, as in Ger. knurren, knot.] GNARLED (narld), a. 1. Full of knots; knotty. 2. Cross-grained; peevish; perverse. GNARLY (narl'i), a. Gnarled; knotty. GNASH (nash), vt. [pr.p. GNASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. GNASHED (nasht).] Strike (the teeth) together in rage or pain. [From the sound.] Ocean Gnat. A- Head of female. GNAT (nat), n. Small two-winged fly. The lar- vae and pupse live in water. [A. S. gnat.] GNAW (na), v. [pr.p. GNAW- ING; p.t. and p.p. GNAWED (nawd).] I. vt. 1. Bite so as to make a noise with the teeth. 2. Bite off by degrees. 3. Corrode or wear away. 4. Bite in agony or rage. 5. Figuratively, torment. II. vi. Use the teeth in biting anything away grad- ually. [A. S. gnagan.] GNEISS (nis), n. Species of stratified rock com- posed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. [Ger.] GNEISSOID (nis'oid), a. Having some of the characteristics of gneiss. GNOME (nom), n. 1. Kind of sprite, said to preside over the inner parts of the earth and its treasures; dwarf; goblin. 2. Small owl found in the Western U. S. [Gr. gnomon, one that knows.] GNOMON (no'mon), n. 1. Pin or triangle of a sun-dial, whose shadow points to the hour. 2. Index of the hour-circle of a globe. 3. Remainder of a parallelogram, after a similar parallelogram has been cut out at one corner. [Gr. See GNOME.] GNOSTIC (nos'tik), n. One of a sect in the first centuries of the Christian era, whose views were very rationalistic. [Gr. gnostikos, knowing.] Gnosticism (nos'ti- sizm), n. Eclectic doc- trine of the Gnostics. GNU (no), n. [pi. GNUS (noz).] Kind of ante- lope in S. Africa, re- sembling the horse and ox. [Hottentot.] GO (gd), vi. {pr.p. GO'- ING; p.t. WENT; p.p. Pass from one place to motion; proceed. 3. Depart. 4. Extend. 5. Be about to do. 6. Pass in report or in payment; be accounted in value. 7. Happen in a particular way; turnout. 8. Fare. [A. S. gdn, gangan.] SYN. Move; depart; pass; travel; vanish; reach; extend. ANT. Stand; stay; come; remain; abide; fail. GO (go), n. 1. Turn; bout. 2. Push; enter- prise. GOAD (god), n. Sharp-pointed stick for driving oxen; stimulus. [A. S. gad.] GOAD (god), vt. [pr.p. GOAD'ING; p.t. and p.p. GOAD'ED.] 1. Drive with a goad. 2. Urge forward; incite. GOAL (g61), n. 1. Mark set up to bound a race ; winning-post. 2. End; aim. [Fr. gaule, pole.] GOAT (got), n. Hollow-horned quadruped, allied to the sheep. [A. S. gat.] GOATEE (go-te'), n. Pointed beard on the chin. GOB (gob), n. Mouthful; lump. Gnu (genus cato- blephas). GONE (gan).] 1. another. 2. Be in fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. GOBBLE 537 GOLDEN FLEECE GOBBLE (gob'l), v. [pr.p. GOB'BLING; p.t. and p.p. GOBBLED (gob 'Id).] I. vt. Swallow in lumps ; swallow hastily. II. vi. Make a noise in the throat, as a turkey. [From the sound.] GOBBLE (gob'l), w. 1. Sound made by the turkey-cock or gobbler. 2. In golf, rapid straight putt. GOBBLER (gob'ler), n. Turkey-cock. GOBLET (gob 'let), n. Large drinking-cup with- out a handle. [Fr. gobelet — root of CUP.] GOBLIN (gob'lin), n. Frightful phantom; fairy. [Fr. goblin — L. L. gobelinus — Gr. kohalos, mis- chievous spirit.] GOBLIN-SHARK (gob'lin-shark), n. Iclith. Pe- culiarly formed shark found in Japan sea. Goblin-shark (Scapanorhynchus owstoni). GO-BY (go'bi), n. Going by without notice; escape; intentional disregard. GO-CART (go'kart), n. 1. Cart or contrivance for teaching children to walk. 2. Small baby-carriage. GOD (god), n. 1. Supreme Being; Creator and Preserver of the world. 2. [g-] [/em. GOD'DESS.] Object of worship; idol. — God's acre, burial- ground. [A. S. Orig. unknown.] GODCHILD (god'child), n. Child for whom a person stands sponsor at baptism; godson or goddaughter. GODDAUGHTER (god'da-ter), n. Female god- child. GODDESS (god'es), n. 1. Heathen deity of the female sex. 2. Woman of pre-eminent qualities or charms. GO-DEVIL (go'dev-1), n. Pointed iron dropped into a drill hole to explode a cartridge at the bottom. GODFATHER (god'fa-tfter), n. [fern. GOD'- MOTHES.] Man who, at a child's baptism, becomes sponsor for its religious training. GODHEAD (god'hed), n. 1. State of being a god; deity; divine nature. 2. [G-] Supreme Be- ing; Deity; God. GODHOOD (god'hod), n. State or quality of God; divinity. GODLESS (god'les), a. 1. Living without God. 2. Impious. 3. Atheistical. GODLIKE (god'lik), a. Like God; divine. GODLILY (god'li-li), adv. In a godly manner; piously. GODLINESS (god'li-nes), n. Quality or state of being godly; piety. GODLY (god'li), a. 1. Like God in character; pious. 2. According to God's law. 3. Of or pertaining to a god. Godwit. GODMOTHER (god'mu#&-er), n. Female spon- sor. See GODFATHER. GODSEND (god'send), n. Unexpected piece of good-fortune in time of need. GODSHIP (god'ship), w. Divinity. GODSON (god'sun), n. Male godchild. GODSPEED (god'sped), n. A wish for good speed or success. [From GOD SPEED YOU.] GOD WARD (god'ward), adv. Toward God. GODWIT (god'wit), n. Bird with a long bill and long slender legs (genus Limosa), that frequents marshes. [A. S. god, good, and wiht, creature.] GOER (go'er), n, 1. One who or that which goes. 2. Fast horse. GoETTINGEN (get'ting- en), n. City, Prussia, province of Hanover. GOFFER (gofer), vU [pr.p, GOF'FERING; p.U and p.p. GOFFERED (gof'erd).] Plait or crimp. [O. Fr. gauffrer — goffre, wafer.] GOFFERING (gof'er-ing), n. 1. Plaits or ruffles, or the process of making them. 2. Indented tooling on the edge of a book. GOGGLE (gog'l), n. 1. Affected rolling of the eye; stare. 2. [pi.] Spectacles with projecting eye-tubes. [Gael, gog, nod.] GOITER, GOITRE (goi'ter), n. Morbid enlarge- ment of the thyroid gland on the fore part of throat. [Fr. goitre — guttur, throat.] GOLD (gold), n. 1. Most precious metal used for coin. 2. Money; riches. 3. Yellow; gold color. [A. S.] GOLD-BEATER (gold'bet-er), n. One whose trade is to beat gold into gold-leaf. GOLD-BE ATERS'-SKIN (gold'bet-erz-skin), n. Outer membrane of large intestines of the ox prepared for use of gold-beaters; also used as a plaster for cuts and wounds. GOLD-BRICK (gold'brik), n. 1. Valueless brick-shaped mass of metal, in imitation of gold, passed off as genuine gold. 2. Any similar swindle. GOLD-DUST (gold'dust), n. Gold in dust or very fine particles, as it is sometimes found in rivers. GOLDEN (gold'n), a. Made of gold; of the color of gold; bright; most valuable; happy; highly favorable. — Golden age, fabled primeval period of innocent human existence, in which the earth yielded all fullness without toil, and every creature lived at peace with every other. — Golden rule, the rule of conduct that ** Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them." GOLDEN FLEECE. GreekMyth. Thehideofthe ram Chrysomallus, and the object of the Ar- gonauts' expedition to Colchis. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, , then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. GOLDENROD 538 GOODNESS GOLDENROD (gold'n-rod), genus Solidago, having rod-like stems with, radiate heads of bright yellow flowers. GOLD-FERN (gold'fern), n. Fern having the under surface of the frond covered with bright yellow powder. GOLD-FEVER (gold'- fe-ver), n. Mania for gold. GOLD-FIELD (gold'feld), n. Region of auriferous deposits and diggings, as in Australia and Alaska; district where rled on. GOLDFINCH (gold'flnch), n. Singing-bird with gold-col- ored wings. GOLDFISH (gold'fish), n. Small gold-colored fish, na- tive to China, kept in glass globes and ponds. GOLD-FOIL (gold'foil), n. Sheets of gold, thicker than gold-leaf, used by dentists. GOLD-LEAF (gold'lef), n. Goldenrod. gold-mining is car- Goldfinch (Card- uelis elegans) . Gold beaten e^ tremely thin or into leaves, and used for gilding. GOLD-PRINTING (gold'print-lng), n. Printing done in gold-leaf through use of size and a hot impression of the type. GOLDS3IITH (gold'smith), ». A smith or worker in gold and silver. • GOLF (golf), n. Game played with a set of clubs and a ball over extensive courses of ground, or "links," as they are technically termed. [Dut. kolf, club.] GOLGOTHA (gol'go-tha), n. Calvary, where Christ was crucified. PL. — Heb. gulgoleth, skull.] GONDOLA (gon'do-la), n. Long narrow pleasure- boat used at Venice. [It.] Gondola. GONDOLIER (gon-do-ler'), n. One who rows a gondola. GONE (gan), a. 1. Passed beyond help; lost. 2. Feeling a sinking sensation; weak; faint. 3. Wide of the mark; as, a gone shot in archery. 4. Entirely given up to (with on). GONENESS (gan'nes), n. Sinking sensation. GONG (gang), n. 1. Musical instrument of cir- cular form, made of bronze, producing, when struck with a wooden mallet, a loud sound. 2. Flat kind of stationary bell struck by mechanical de- vice, as in a clock. [3Ialay.] GOOBER (go'- ber),n. Peanut. [So. U. S.] GOOD (god), o. [comp, BET- TER; superl. BEST.] 1. Hav- ing qualities, whether phys- ical or moral, Chinese Gong. desirable or suitable to the end proposed; pro- moting success, welfare or happiness; proper; fit; beneficial; serviceable; competent. 2. Vir- tuous; pious; kind; benevolent. 3. Valid; sound. 4. Real, as in good earnest. 5. Not small; considerable, as in good deal. 6*. Full; complete, as good measure. 7. Unblemished; honorable, as in good name. [A. S. god.] GOOD (god), n. 1. That which promotes happi- nes , success, etc.; opposed to EVIL. 2. Pros- perity; welfare; advantage, temporal or spirit- ual. 3. Virtue. 4. [pi.] Household furni- ture; movable property; merchandise. GOOD-BT, GOOD-BYE (god'bi), n., a. and inter j. A form of salutation at parting; fare- well. GOOD-FELLOW (god-fel'6), n. 1. Jolly or boon companion. 2. Reveler. GOOD-FELLOWSHIP (god -fel'd- ship), n. 1. Merry or pleasant company. 2. Conviviality. GOOD-FRIDAY (god-fri'da), n. Fast in mem- ory of Christ's crucifixion, held on the Friday of Passion-week. GOOD-HUMOR (god-hu'mur or god-u'mur), n. 1. Pleasant temper or disposition. 2. Feel- ing of satisfaction. GOOD-HUMORED (god-hu'murd or god-u'- murd),a. Of a cheerful temper or disposition. GOODINESS (god'i-nes), n. Weak, priggish, or canting goodness. GOODISH (god'ish), o. 1. Pretty good. 2. Of fair quality or quantity. GOODLINESS (god'li-nes), n. Quality of being goodly. GOODLY (god'li), I. a. [comp. GOOD'LDER; superl. GOODXIEST.] Good-looking; desira- ble; stately. II. adv. Gracefully; kindly; in a good manner. GOOD-NATURED (god-na'turd), o. Of a mild, kind, and benignant temper or disposition. GOODNESS (god'nes), n. Quality or state of being good. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7j, in Scotcn loch. GOOD-WILL 539 GOTHAMITE Goorka. 3. Stupid, silly person. [A. S. GOOSE'- Gooseberries. GOOD-WILL GRATIS (gra'tis), adv. For nothing; without payment or recompense. [L., contr. of gratiis, ablative pi. of gratia, favor.] GRATITUDE (grat'i-tud), n. Warm and friendly feeling towards a benefactor; thankfulness. [Fr. — L. L. gratitudo.] GRATUITOUS (gra-tu'i-tus), a. Not required; not called for by the circumstances; voluntary; without reason, ground or proof. [L. gratuitus — gratus.] GRATUITOUSLY (gra-tu'i-tus-li), adv. In a gratuitous manner; gratis. GRATUITY (gra-tu'i-ti), n. [pi. GRATU'ITIES.] Present; acknowledgment of service, gener- ally pecuniary. [Fr. — L. L. gratuitas — gratus.] GRATULATE (grat'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. GRAT'- ULATING; p.t. and p.p. GRAT'ULATEB.] Congratulate. GRAVAMEN (gra-va'men), n. Most serious part of a charge or complaint. [L. L. — gravis, heavy.] GRAVE (grav), v. [pr.p. GRA'VING; p.t. and p.p. GRAVED (gravd).] I. vt. 1. Carve or cut on a hard substance; engrave. 2. Im- press deeply. II. vi. Carve; engrave. [A. S. grafan, dig, engrave.] GRAVE (grav), n. 1. Pit dug out, especially one in which to bury the dead; place of burial; sepulcher. 2. Death ; destruction. [A. S. gra- fan.] GRAVE (grav), a. 1. Weighty. 2. Not gay. 3. Music. Not acute; low. [L. gravis.] SYN. Important; momentous; sober; se- rious; solemn; sedate; demure; sad. ANT. Joyous; merry; facetious; ridiculous; unim- portant; trivial; light; frivolous; futile. GRAVEL (grav'el), n. 1. Small stones often intermixed with sand. 2. Small collections of gravelly matter in the kidneys or bladder. [O. Fr. gravele — Wei. gro, pebbles.] GRAVEL (grav'el), vt. [pr.p. GRAVELING; p.t. and p.p. GRAVELED (grav'eld).] 1. Cov- er with gravel. 2. Puzzle. GRAVELY (grav'li), adv. In a grave manner. GRAVER (gra'ver), n. 1. Engraver. 2. Tool for engraving on hard substances. GRAVESTONE (grav'ston), n. Stone laid over, or placed at the head of, a grave as a memorial. GRAVEYARD (grav'yard), n. Inclosure used as a burial ground; cemetery. GRAVITATE (grav'i-tat), vi. [pr.p. GRAVI- TATING; p.t. and p.p. GRAVITATED.] 1. Be acted on by gravity ; tend towards the earth. 2. Tend towards some object. [L. gravis, heavy.] GRAVITATION (grav-1-ta'shun), n. Act of tending to a center of attraction, as the earth. GRAVITY (grav'i-ti), n. [pi. GRAVITIES.] 1. Weightiness; importance. 2. Sobriety. 3. Tendency of matter to attract and be at- tracted, thus causing weight. 4. State of being grave or sober. 5. Music. Lowness of a note. [Fr. gravitt — L. gravitas — gravis, heavy.] GRAVY (gra'vi), n. [pi. GRA'VIES.] 1. Juices that issue from meat while cooking. 2. Liq- uid dressing for food. [From GREAVES.] GRAY, GREY (gra), I. a. 1. Of a white color mixed with black; ash-colored. 2. Aged. II. w. 1. Gray color. 2. Animal of a gray color, as a horse. [A. S. gr&g.] GRAYBEARD (gra'berd), n. One with a gray beard; old man. GRAYHOUND (gra'hownd), n. Same as GREY- HOUND. GRAYISH (gra/ish), a. Somewhat gray. GRAYLING (gra ling), n. Silver-gray fish of the salmon family. Grayling. GRAZE (graz), v. [pr.p. GRA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. GRAZED (grazd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to feed on growing grass. 2. Eat herbage from. II. vi. Eat growing grass or herbage. [From GRASS.] GRAZE (graz), v. [pr.p. GRA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. GRAZED (grazd).] I. vt. Touch or rub lightly in passing. II. vi. Touch something lightly in passing. [Etym. doubtful ; perhaps only a special use of GRAZE above.] GRAZIER (gra'zher), n. One who grazes or pastures cattle and rears them for the market. GRAZING (gra'zing), n. 1. Act of feeding on growing grass. 2. The feeding or raising of cattle. 3. Pasture. GREASE (gres), n. 1. Soft thick animal fat; oily matter of any kind. 2. Inflammation of the heels of a horse, marked by a swelling, etc. [Fr. graisse — gras, fat — L. crassus, gross, thick.] GREASE (gres or grez),*rt. [pr.p. GREAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. GREASED (grest or grezd).] Smear with grease. GREASER (gres'er or grez'er), n. 1. One who or that which greases. 2. Opprobrious name for a Mexican. GREASILY (gres'i-li or grez'i-li), adv. In a greasy manner. GREASINESS (gres'i-nes or grez'i-nes), w. Quality or state of being greasy. GREASY (gres'i or grSz'i), a. Of or like grease or oil; smeared with grease; smooth; fat. GREAT (grat), a. [comp. GREAT'ER; superl. GREAT'EST.] 1. Large. 2. Long-continued. 3. Superior; distinguished; highly gifted; no- ble; mighty; sublime; of high rank. 4. Chief. 5. Weighty. 6. Indicating one degree more remote in the direct line of descent, as great- grandfather. [A. S.] late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. GREAT BRITAIN 545 GREW SYN. Big; wide; huge; numerous; pro- tracted; excellent; magnanimous; powerful; exalted. ANT. Little; narrow; puny; few; scanty; short; mean; ignoble; weak; un- important. GREAT BRITAIN(grat brit'an), l.Largest island of Europe including England, Scotland and Wales. 2. United kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Area 88,729 sq.m. GREATER (grat'er), a. With increased terri- tory; as, Greater New York, the city with its annexed suburbs; Greater Britain, Great Britain and the entire British empire. GREATLY (grat'li), adv. In a great manner. GREATNESS (grat'nes), n. Quality or state of being great. Great Salt Lake, in Utah, in n. e. part of Great Basin, 70 m. long. GREAVE (grev), n. Armor for the leg below the knee. [O. Fr. greves.] GREAVES (grevz), n.pl. Remainder of pork or tallow tried out; scraps. [Ger. griebn.] GREBE (greb), n. Aquatic bird, having a long con- ical beak, short wings, and no tail. [Fr. grebe] Grecian (gre'shah), i. o. Pertaining to Greece. II. n. 1. Native of Greece. 3. One weilygV- versed in the Greek language and litera- ture. See GREEK. GRECISM (gre'sizm), n. Idiom of the Greek „ language. Head and foot of Grebe * GREECE (grgs), w. Kingdom, S. E. Europe. Area 25,014 sq. m. GREED (gred), n. Eager desire or longing; covetousness. [A. S. greed.] GREEDILY (gred'i-li), adv. In a greedy manner. GREEDINESS (gred'i-nes), n. Quality of being greedy. GREEDY (gred'i), o. 1. Having a voracious appetite. 2. Covetous. GREEK (grek), I. a. Per- taining to Greece; Gre- cian. II. n. 1. Gre- cian, especially a mem- ber of the ancient Greek race. 2. Language of Greece. [Gr. Graikos.] Greek-fire (grek'f ir), «. Combustible substance inextinguishable by wa- ter, used by the Greeks of the Byzantine empire against the Saracens. GREEN (gren), I. a. 1. Of the color of growing plants. 2. Growing; vig- orous. 3. New; unripe; inexperienced; young. II. n. 1. The color of growing plants. 2. Small green or grassy plat. 3. [pi.] Fresh Pericles, Greek gen- eral and statesman. Born B. C. 499— died B. C. 429. leaves; wreaths; leaves of green vegetables used for food, etc. [A. S. grene, from root of GROW.] GREENBACK (gren'bak), n. U. S. legal tender note, first issued in 1862. GREENGAGE (gren'gaj), n. Green variety of the plum, named after Sir William Gage, about 1725. GREENGROCER (grgn'gro-s§r), n. One who retails greens, or fresh vegetables and fruits. GREENHORN (gren'harn), n. 1. Raw, Inex- perienced person. 2. Immigrant recently arrived. GREENHOUSE (gren'hows), n. House partially covered with glass to shelter tender plants from cold weather, or advance plants or fruit. GREENING (gren'ing), n. Green variety of apple. GREENISH (gren'ish), a. Somewhat green. GREENLAND (gren'land), n. Large Danish island, N. E. of N. America. Green Mountains. Range in Vermont, v. S. Highest peak, 4,240 ft. GREENROOM (gren'r6m), n. Room near the stage in a theater to which actors retire during the intervals of their parts in the play. GREENSAND (gren'sand), n. Sandstone In which green specks of iron occur. GREENSHANK (gren'shangk), n. Bird of the snipe family, with greenish-gray legs and feet. GREENSICKNESS (gren'sik-nes), n. Chlorosis. GREENSNAKE (gren'snak), n. Harmless col- ubrine snake common in the southern United States. GREENSWARD (gren 'sward), n. Turf green with grass. GREENWICH (gren'ij), n. Borough, Kent, Eng- land, on the Thames, noted for its Royal Ob- servatory, from the meridian of which longi- tudes are usually measured. GREENWOOD (gren'wod), n. 1. Forest In sum- mer when the trees, etc., are green. 2. Wood that has acquired a green tint from fungi. GREET (gret),trt. [pr.p. GREETING; p.t. and p.p. GREET'ED.] 1. Salute or address with kind wishes. 2. Send kind wishes to; congratu- late. 3. Accost. 4. Receive with expression of approval or disapproval; as "the performer was greeted with applause and hisses." [A. S. gretan.] GREETING (gret'ing), n. 1. Expression of kind- ness or joy. 2. Salutation. GREGARIOUS (gre-ga/ri-us), a. Associating or living in flocks or herds. [L. grex, flock.] GRENADE (gre-nadO, n. Small shell of iron or glass, filled with powder and bits of iron, and thrown from the hand. [So called from Its resembling a pomegranate.] GRENADIER (gren-a-dSr'), n. 1. Soldier who threw grenades. 2. Soldier peculiarly equipped. GRETNA GREEN (gret'na gren). Village in Dumfriesshire, Scotland; noted for runaway marriages. GREW (gro), v. Past tense of GROW. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, h§r; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. GREY 546 GRISETTE > GREY (gra), a. and n. Same as GRAY. GREYHOUND (gra'- hownd), n. 1. Swift hunting hound, of slender form, great length of limb and muzzle, and great keenness of sight* 2. Figurative name ap- plied to a swift pas- senger - steamship, as oceangreyhound. ^-^ [Etym. doubtful.] Greyhound. GRID (grid), n. Elec. Perforated or ridged lead plate employed in the formation of a storage battery. GRIDDLE (grid'l), n. Shallow iron pan for baking cakes ; also a cake baked on a griddle. [Wei. greidell.] GRIDE (grid), n. Harsh, grinding sound. [From root of GRIND.] GRIDIRON (grid'I-urn), n. 1. Frame of iron bars for broiling flesh or fish over the fire. 2. Elec. Battery plate resembling a grating. 3. Colloquial name given to a football field. [M. E. gridire, griddle.] GRIEF (gref), n. 1. Heaviness of heart; sorrow; regret; mourning. 2. Cause of sorrow; af- fliction. [Fr.] SYN. Trouble; tribulation; sadness. ANT. Joy; exultation; delight; elation; hilarity. GRIEVANCE (grev'ans), n. Cause of grief; burden; hardship; injury. SYN. Affliction; complaint; trouble. ANT. Congratulation; rejoicing; boon; benefit; alleviation. GRIEVE (grev), v. [pr.p. GRIEVING; p.t. and p.p. GRIEVED (grevd).] I. vt. Cause grief or pain of mind to. II. vi. Feel grief. SYN. Trouble; burden; annoy; afflict; mourn; lament; complain; deplore. ANT. Ease; console; soothe; please; rejoice; ex- ult; gratify; alleviate. GRIEVOUS (grev'us), a. 1. Causing, or full of, grief; burdensome; painful. 2. Heinous; atrocious; hurtful. GRIEVOUSLY (grev'us-li), adv. In a grievous manner. GRIEVOUSNESS (grev'us-nes), n. Quality or state of being grievous. GRIFFIN (grif'in), GRIFFON (grif'un), n. Fa- bled animal, with the body and legs of a lion, and the beak and wings of an eagle. [Fr. griffon — Gr. gryps, hook-nosed.] GRILL (gril), vt. [pr.p. GRILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. GRILLED (grild).] 1. Broil on a gridiron. 2. Torment. [Fr. griller — gril, gridiron.] GRILL (gril), n. Utensil of loose rods set across an open fire for broiling food. GRILL-ROOM (gril'rom), n. Restaurant where steaks, etc., are broiled to order. GRIM (grim), a. Of forbidding aspect; ferocious; ghastly; horrible. [A. S.] GRIMACE (gri-mas'), w. Distortion of the face, in jest, etc.; smirk. [Fr.] GRIMALKIN (gri-mal'ktn), n. Old cat. [GRAY and MALKIN, dim. of Moll or Mary.] GRIME (grim), n. Ingrained dirt. [From root of Dan. grim, soot.] GRIME (grim), vt. [pr.p. GRI'MING; p.t. and p.p. GRIMED (grimd).] Soil deeply. GRIMLY (grim'li), adv. Sternly; forbiddingly. GRIMNESS (grim'nes), n. Quality or state of being grim. GRIMY (gri'mi), a. Full of grime; foul; filthy. GRIN (grin), v. [pr.p. GRIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. GRINNED (grind).] I. vi. Set the teeth to- gether and withdraw the lips; show the teeth. II. vt. Express by grinning. [A. S. grennian.] GRIN (grin), n. Act of grinning; broad smile; smirk. GRIND (grind), v. [pr.p. GRIND'ING; p.t. and p.p. GROUND (grownd).] I. vt. 1. Reduce to powder by friction. 2. Wear down or sharpen by rubbing. 3. Rub together. 4. Oppress or harass. II. vi. Be moved or rubbed together. [A. S. grindan.] GRIND (grind), n. 1. Act of grinding. 2. Hard or distasteful work. 3. Laborious study for a special examination, etc. 4. Plodding, laborious student. GRINDER (grind'er), n. 1. One who or that which grinds. 2. Double or jaw-tooth. GRINDSTONE (grlnd'ston), n. Circular re- volving stone for grinding or sharpening tools. GRIP (grip), n. 1. Grasp or firm hold with the hand, etc. 2. Instrument or appliance for grasping. 3. Satchel. 4. Grasp peculiar to a secret society, by means of which members are recognized; as, the Masonic grip. [A. S. gripe — grtpan, seize.] GRIP (grip), vt. [pr.p. GRIP 'PING; p.t. and p.p. GRIPPED (gript).] Take fast hold of; grasp or gripe. GRIP (grip), n. Same as GRIPPE. GRIPE (grip), vt. [pr.p. GRI'PING; p.t. and p.p. GRIPED (gript).] 1. Grasp with the hand; seize and hold fast; squeeze. 2. Give pain to (the bowels). [A. S. gripan.] GRIPE (grip), n. 1. Fast hold; grasp. 2. Forci- ble retention. 3. Griffin. 4. Usurer. 5. [pi.] Severn spasmodic pain in the intestines. GRIPING (gri'ping), a. 1. Avaricious. 2. Catching or seizing acutely. GRIPPE, GRIP (grip), n. Influenza or epidemic catarrh. [Fr. grippe, a taking; from gripper, take hold.] GRIPPER (grip'er), n. One who or that which grips. GRIPSACK (grip'sak), n. Valise or traveler's hand-satchel. GRISETTE (gri-zef), n. Gay young French- woman of the lower class. [Fr. grlsette, gray gown, which used to be worn by working Women in France; from gris, gray.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. GRISLY 547 GROUND GRISLY (griz'li), a. Frightful; hideous. [A. S. gryslic] GRIST (grist), n. Grain for grinding at one time ; supply; profit. [A. S.] GRISTLE (gris'l), n. Soft, elastic substance in animal bodies; cartilage. [A. S. gristle.} GRISTLED (gris'ld), GRISTLY (gris'li), a. Con- sisting of or like gristle. GRIST-MILL (grist'mil), n. Mill for grinding grain. GRIT (grit), n. 1. Coarse part of meal. 2. Gravel. 3. Kind of hard sandstone. 4. Ipl.] Oats coarsely ground; groats. 5. Pluck; courage ; endurance. [A. S. greot, grytt, sand. Akin to GROUT.] GRIT (grit), vt. [pr.p. GRIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. GRIT'TED.] Grind with a rasping sound. GRITTINESS (grit'i-nes), *». Quality or state of being gritty. GRITTY (grit'i), a. 1. Consisting of or con- taining grit. 2. Plucky. GRIZZLE (griz'l), n. Gray. [Fr. gris.] GRIZZLED (griz'ld), a. Gray, or mixed with gray. GRIZZLY (griz'li), a. Of a gray color. — Grizzly bear, large ferocious bear, of the Western U. S. GROAN (gron), vi. [pr.p. GROAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. GROANED (grond).] 1. Utter a moaning sound in distress. 2. Express disapprobation of a speaker by means of groans or similar sounds. [A. S. grdnian.] GROAN (grdn), n. 1. Deep moaning sound as of distress. 2. Sound of disapprobation. GROANING (gron'ing), n. 1. Deep moan as of pain. 2. Low rumbling sound. GROAT (grot), n. 1. Old Eng. coin=4d. 2. Trifle. [L. Ger. grote, large coin.] GROATS (grdts), n.pl. Grain deprived of the husks and crushed. [A. S. grut.] GROCER (gro'ser), n. Dealer in household supplies, such as tea, sugar, etc. [Fr. grossier, wholesale dealer.] GROCERY (gro'ser-i), n. [pi. GRO'CERIES.] 1. Store or shop kept by a grocer. 2. [pi.] Grocer's wares, such as sugar, tea, coffee, etc. GROG (grog), n. 1. Mixture of spirits and cold water. 2. Strong drink. [Derived from "Old Grog," a nickname given by British sail- ors to Admiral Vernon, who first introduced the drink, because he used to wear a grogram cloak.] GROGGERY (grog'er-i), n. [pi. GROG'GERIES.] Low drinking resort; dive. GROGGINESS (grog'i-nes), n. State of being groggy. GROGGY (grog'i), a. 1. Intoxicated. 2. Stag- gering. GROGRAM (grog'ram), n. Coarse cloth made of silk and mohair. [O. Fr. gros-grain.] GROIN (groin), n. 1. Depression between the thigh and abdomen. 2. Arch. Angular curve formed by crossing of two arches. [Ice. grein, division.] GROMMET (grom'et), n. Naut. Ring of rope made by the circular laying of a single strand until the entire size and thickness of the rope is formed. [O. Fr. gromme, groom.] GROOM (grom), n. 1. One who has the charge of horses. 2. Title of several officers of a royal household. 3. Bridegroom. GROOM (grom), vt. [pr.p. GROOMING; p.t. and p.p. GROOMED (gromd).] Tend, care for, or dress, as a groom does a horse. GROOMSMAN (gromz'man), n. [pi. GROOMS'- MEN.] Attendant on a bridegroom at his marriage. GROOVE (grov), n. 1. Furrow; long hollow; rut. 2. Fixed routine of thought or action. [Dut. groef, groeve, furrow, grave.] GROOVE (grov), vt. [pr.p. GROOVING; p.t. and p.p. GROOVED (grovd).] Grave or cut a groove or furrow in. GROOVER (grov'er), n. One who or that which grooves. GROPE (grop), v. [pr.p. GRO'PING; p.t. and p.p. GROPED (gropd).] I. vt. Search out by feeling with the hands, as In the dark. II. vi. Search for something by feeling about, as If blind or in the dark. [A. S. gr&pian, seize; allied to GRAB and GRIPE.] GROSBEAK (gros'bek), n. Finch with a thick strong convex beak. [GROSS and BEAK.] GROSGRAIN (gro'gran), I. n. Stout and dura- ble corded silk fabric. II. a. Of the nature of grosgrain. [Fr.] GROSS (gros), I. a. Coarse; rough; dense; pal- pable. 2. Whole. 3. Coarse In mind; stupid; sensual; obscene. II. n. 1. Main bulk; whole taken together. 2. [sing, and pi.] Twelve dozen. — Great gross, twelve gross. — In gross, in bulk; wholesale. [Fr. gros — L.L. grossus.] GROSSLY (gros'li), adv. In a gross manner. GROSSNESS (gros'nes), n. Quality or state of being gross. GROT (grot), n. Grotto. (Poet.) GROTESQUE (gro-tesk'), a. Extravagantly formed; ludicrous; uncouth. [Fr. — It. grot- tesca. Grottos were commonly adorned with quaint figures.] GROTTO (grot'o), n. [pi. GROT'TOS.] Natural or artificial cave, especially, one decorated with rock-work, etc., and resorted to for coolness in hot weather. [It. grotta.] GROUCHINESS (growch'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being grouchy. GROUCHY (growch'l), a. Gruff; morose. [From the root of GRUDGE.] GROUND (grownd), n. 1. Surface of the earth; land; field; floor, etc. 2. Position; field of action. 3. That on which something is raised ; foundation; reason. 4. Art. Surface on which the figures are represented. 5. Elec. Connec- tion with the earth. 6. [pi.] Dregs; sediment. [A. S. grund.] fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, h§r; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh= oats, and sack, sack.] HAVILDAR (hav'il-dar), n. Native East Indian soldier bearing the non-commissioned rank of sergeant in the army. [Hind, hawaldar, keeper or guardian.] HAVOC (ha v'uk),n. General waste or destruction. [Etym. doubtful; prob. Wei. hafoc, havoc] HAVRE (ha'ver), n. Seaport, department of Seine-Inferieure, France, on the Seine. HAW (ha), vi. [pr.p. HAWING; p.t. and p.p. HAWED (had).] Speak with a haw or hesita- tion. [From the sound.] HAW (ha), n. Hesitation in speech. HAW (ha), inter j. Turn to the left (call to oxen; op- posite of GEE). HAW (ha), n. 1. Hedge; in- closure. 2. Berry of the hawthorn. [Dut. haag, hedge.] HAWAII (ha-wi'e), n. Is- lands, Pacific Ocean. Ter- ritory of U. S. Area 6,449, sq. m. Hawaiian (ha-wi'yan), i. o. Belonging to Hawaii or Islands, a U.S. possession Liliuokalani, last Queen of Hawaii. Born 1838. the II. n. Sandwich 1. Native of Hawaii. 2. Language of Hawaii. Hawfinch (C. vul- garis). HAWFINCH (ha'flnch), n. Songbird of the genus Coceo- thraustes found in Europe and North America. It feeds on ber-' ries and the seeds of dif-, ferent fruits and trees. HAWK (hak), n . Short- winged bird of prey allied to the falcons. [A. S. hafoc] HAWK (hak), vi. [pr.p. HAWKING; p.t. and p.p. HAWKED (hakt).] Hunt birds with hawks trained for the purpose. HAWK (hak), vi. [pr.p. HAWK'ING; p.t. and p.p. HAWKED (hakt).] Force up phlegm or other matter from the throat, or attempt to do so. [Imitative.] HAWK (hak), n. Effort to throw up phlegm or other matter from the throat. HAWK (hak), vt. [pr.p. HAWK'ING; p.t. and p.p. HAWKED (hakt).] Carry about for sale; cry for sale; peddle. [Formed from HAWKER.] HAWKBILL (hak'bil), n. Tortoise-shell sea- turtle. HAWKER (hak'er), n. One who hawks goods about for sale; peddler; huckster. [Dan. hdker, huckster.] HAWK-EYED (hak'id), a. Having sharp, pen- etrating sight. HAWKING (hak'ing), n. Falconry. HAWKISH (hak'ish), «. Like a hawk. HAWSE (haz), n. 1. Situation of the cables in front of a ship's bow when she has two an- chors out forward. 2. Distance forward to which cables extend. [Ice. halse, neck.] HAWSER (ha'zer), n. Small cable; large tow- line. [O. Fr. haulseree — haulser, raise.] HAWSER-LAID (ha'zer-lad), a. Made by a series of reverse laying of rope; the strands being separately laid one way to form small ropes, which in turn are laid in opposite direction to form a hawser or cable« HAWTHORN (ha'tharn), n. Shrub with shi- ning leaves and small red fruit called haws. HAY (ha), n. Grass cut down and cured. [A. S. heg — hedwan, cut.] HAYCOCK (ha'kok), n. Pile of hay in the field. HAY-FEVER (ha'fe-ver), n. Irritation of the nose and throat in spring and summer. HAYMAKER (ha'ma-ker), n. 1. Person who mows and dries hay for fodder. 2. Agricul- tural machine for cutting, curing and baling hay. HAYMAKING (ha'ma-king), n. Cutting and harvesting of hay. HAYMOW (ha'mow), n. Mass of hay laid up in a barn; place in barn specially used for storing hay. HAYRICK (ha'rik), HAYSTACK (ha'stak), n. Pile of hay in the open air. fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. HAYSTACKER 564 HEADING HAYSTACKER (ha/stak-er), n. Agricultural machine that collects hay from the ground and places it on the haystack. Alexis Nord, Ex- President of Haiti. Haystacker. HAYTI (ha'ti), n. One of the islands of the West Indies. See HAITI. HA YTIAN, HAITIAN (ha'ti-an), I. a. I. Belong- ing to the island of Hayti or San Domingo. 2. Belonging to the republic of Hayti, which occupies the wes- tern part of the island. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Hayti. HAZARD (hazard), n. 1. Complicated game at dice. 2. Chance; accident. 3. Risk. [0. Fr. hasard — Ar. al zdr, the die.] HAZARD (haz'ard), v. [pr.p. HAZ'ARDING; p.t. and p.p. HAZ'ARDED.] I. vt. 1. Expose to chance or risk. 2. Venture. II. vi. Run a risk. HAZARDOUS (haz'ard-us), a. Dangerous; perilous; uncertain; risky. HAZE (haz), n. Light vapor; obscurity. [Etym. doubtful.] HAZE (haz), vt. [pr.p. HA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. HAZED (hazd).] 1. Naut. Harass with labor; punish with unnecessary work. 2. Play shameful tricks and practical jokes on, said of students. HAZEL (ha'zl), I. n. Well-known shrub. II. a. 1. Pertaining to the hazel. 2. Of a light- brown color, like the hazelnut. [A. S. hcesel.] HAZELNUT (ha'zl-nut), n. Nut of the hazel shrub. HAZER (ha'zer), n. One who hazes. HAZILY (ha'zi-li), adv. In a hazy or misty manner; dimly. HAZINESS (ha'zi-nes), n. Quality or state of being hazy. HAZY (ha'zi), a. 1. Thick with haze. 2. Dim. HE (he), pron. [poss. HIS; obj. HIM; pi. — nom. THEY; poss. THEIR; obj. THEM.] 1. Male person, animal or object understood or previously mentioned. 2. Any person indi- vidually; the one; as, "he who laughs last laughs best. [A. S. he.] HEAD (hed), n. 1. Uppermost or foremost part of an animal's body. 2. Brain; understand- ing. 3. Chief; leader. 4. Place of honor or command; front. 5. Individual. 6. Topic or chief point of a discourse. 7. Source; spring. 8. Highest point; cape. 9. Pressure; fall. 10. Headway. 11. Strength. 12. Any- thing resembling the human head in shape. 13. A single one or a number regarded as a unit; as, so much per head, a hundred head of cattle." [A. S. hedfod, head.] HEAD (hed), v. [pr.p. HEADING; p.t. and p.p. HEADED.] I. vt. 1. Act as a head to; lead; govern. 2. Go in front of; stop; prevent. 3. Commence. 4. Be contrary. II. vi. 1. Grow to a head. 2. Originate. 3. Tend or point. 4. Naut. Turn (the bow of a ship) in opposite direction to that in which the vessel is sailing. HEADACHE (hed'ak), n. Ache or pain in the head. HEADBAND (hed'band), n. 1. Band or fillet for the head. 2. Band at each end of a book. 3. Thin slip of iron on the tympan of a printing press. / HEAD (hed), a. 1. Chief; principal; leading; first; stationed at the foremost point. 2. Ap- proaching from in front. HEADCHEESE (hed'chez), n. Portions of head and feet of pigs or calves, cut up fine, sea- soned, and pressed into form of a cheese. HEAD-BLOCK (hed'blok), n. Mach. and Naut. Fixed swivel pulley or block at the head of a crane or apex of a derrick, or likewise at the end of a boom, used for hoisting purposes. HEAD-CLIP (hed'klip), n. Phot. Adjustable device used to steady the head while taking a photograph. HEADDRESS (hed'dres), n. Ornamental cover- ing for the head, worn by women. HEADED hed'ed), a. Having a head. HEADER (hed'er), n. 1. One who puts a head on something. 2. A dive head foremost into water. 3. Brick laid lengthwise along the thickness of a wall, serving as a bond. 4. Heavy stone extending through the thickness of a wall. 5. Heading-machine. 6. Horse used as a temporary auxiliary force in hauling heavy loads up hills or grades. HEADFAST (hed'fast), n. Naut. Rope at the bows of a vessel, used to fasten it to a wharf, etc. HEAD-GEAR (hed'ger), n. Gear, covering, or ornament for the head. 2. Naut. Standing and running rigging at a vessel's head. HEADILY (hed'i-li), adv. In a heady manner. HEADINESS (hed'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being heady. HEADING (hed'ing), n. 1. Act of furnishing fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, u=w in Scotch gudei oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. HEADLAND 565 HEART with a head. 2. That which stands at the head. 3. Material for heads of barrels, etc. HEADLAND (hed'land), n. 1. Cape. 2. Strip of unplowed land. HEADLESS (hed'les), a. Without a head. HEADLIGHT (hed'lit), n. 1. Light carried in front of a locomotive or motor car to light the track. 2. Light carried at masthead of a moving vessel. HEADLINE (hed'lin), n. 1. Line at the head or top of a page containing the folio or number of the page. 2. Title or subject line at the head of a newspaper article. HEADLINE (hed'lin), vt. [pr.p. HEADLINING; p.t. and p.p. HEADLINED (hed'lind).] Give prominence or importance to, as a written or printed article, by the addition of headlines. HEADLONG (hed'lang), I. adv. With the head first; rashly; precipitately. II. a* Bash; pre- cipitate. HEADMOST (hed'mdst), a. Most advanced. HEAD-PIECE (hed'pes), n. 1. Helmet. 2. Hat. 3. Head; intelligence. 4. Print. Decora- tive engraving placed at the top of the first page of a volume, and at the beginning of books, chapters, etc. 5. Naut. Carved or other decorative figure on the bowsprit of a vessel. HEADQUARTERS (hed'kwar-terz), n. 1. Resi- dence of a commander-in-chief. 2. Center of authority; principal place of. business or re- sort. HEADSMAN (hedz'man), n. [pi. HEADSMEN.] Executioner. HEADSTALL (hed'stal), n. Part of a bridle round the head. HEADSTONE (hed'stdn), n. 1. Chief stone. 2. Stone at the head of a grave. HEADSTRONG (hed'strftng), o. Self-willed; stubborn; obstinate; willful. HEADWAY (hed'wa), n. 1. Way or distance gone ahead or advanced. 2. Motion of an advancing ship. 3. Clears pace in height, as over a stair. HEADWIND (hed'wlnd), n. Wind blowing from the front. IAD-WORK (hed'wurk), n. Work of the brain as distinguished from physical work; Intellectual or mental labor. IAD-WORKER (hed'wurk-gr), n. One who works with his head and brain instead of doing physical labor. HEADY (hed'i), a. 1. Affecting the head or brain; intoxicating. 2. Inflamed; rash. 3. Impetuous. HEAL (h51), v. [pr.p. HEAL'ING; p.t. and p.p. HEALED (held).] I. vt. Make healthy; cure; restore to soundness. II. vi. Grow sound again. [A.S. hcelan — h&l, whole. Akin to HALE, WHOLE.] HEALABLE (hel'a-bl), a. Capable of being healed. HEALER (hel'er), n. 1. One who heals. 2. One who makes a profession of healing the sick; as, a Christian-Science healer. HEALTH (helth), n. 1. Soundness; freedom from sickness or pain. 2. Wish of prosperity; toast. [A. S. hcelth — hdl, whole.] HEALTHFUL (helth'fol), a. 1. Full of or en- Joying health. 2. Indicating health. 3. Wholesome; salutary. HEALTHILY (helth'i-li), adv. In a healthy or wholesome manner. HEALTHINESS (helth'1-nes), n. Quality or state of being healthy. HEALTHY (helth'i), a. 1. In a state of good health. 2. Conducive to health. SYN. Healthful; hale; sound; vigorous; salubrious; salutary; wholesome. Healthy is the general word ; wholesome Is what does not injure the health; salubrious, what im- proves it; salutary, what cures a disorder. ANT. Unhealthy; unsound; weak; delicate; fragile; noxious; pernicious; insalubrious; sickly. HEAP (hep), n. 1. Pile. 2. Collection. [A. S. heap, crowd.] HEAP (hep), vt. [pr.p. HEAP'ING; p.U and p.p. HEAPED (hept).] 1. Throw in a heap or pile. 2. Pile above the top. HEAR (her), v. [pr.p. HEAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. HEARD (herd).] I. vt. 1. Perceive by the ear; listen to. 2. Grant; obey; answer favorably. 3. Try judicially. II. vi. 1. Have the sense of hearing. 2. Listen. 3. Be told. [A. S. hyran.] HEAR (her), inter j. Exclamation or cry used in reference to the words of a speaker. It may indicate, according to the tone in which It is uttered, approval or derision, and is us- ually repeated, as "Hear, heart" HEARER (her'er), n. One who hears. HEARING (her'ing), n. 1. Act of perceiving by the ear. 2. Sense of perceiving sound. 3. Opportunity to be heard. 4. Reach of the ear. HEARKEN (hark'n), vi. Same as HARKEN. HEARSAY (her'sa), n. Rumor; report. HEARSE (hers), n. Car- riage in which the dead are conveyed to the grave. [Fr. herse — O. Fr. herce, harrow.] HEART (hart), n. 1. Organ that circulates the blood. 2. Vital, inner or chief part; core. 3. Seat of the affections, passions, etc., especially love, cour- age, vigor. 4. Secret meaning or design. 5. That which resembles a heart. 6. Core. 7. [pi.] One of a suit of playing cards marked with the conventional figure, or figures, of a heart. [A. S. heorte.] The heart. 1. Pulmonary artery. 2. Aorta. 3-5. Pulmonary veins. 4. Left auricle. 6. Left ventricle. fate. fat. task. far. fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mlt; ndte, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, " ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. HEARTACHE 566 HEBDOMADAL HEARTACHE (hart'Sk), n. Sorrow ; anguish. HEART-BREAKING (hart-bra 'king), a. Crush- ing with grief or sorrow. HEART-BROKEN (hart'bro-kn), a. Intensely afflicted or grieved. HEARTBURN (hart'burn), n. Burning, acrid feeling in the esophagus, caused by the decom- position of undigestible food in the stomach. HEARTBURNING (hart'burn-ing), n. Discon- tent; secret enmity. HEART-DISEASE (hart'diz-ez), n. Med. Un- healthy condition of the heart, whether or- ganic or inorganic. HEART-FAILURE (hart'fal-ur), n. Med. Dis- ease attributable to the inefficiency and re- fusal of the heart to perform its requisite functions. HEARTFELT (hart'felt), a. Felt deeply. HEARTH (harth), n. 1. Part of the floor, or structure, on which the fire is made. 2. Fire- side; house; home. [A. S. heorth.] HEARTILY (hart'i-li), adv. 1. From the heart; cordially. 2. Eagerly; vigorously; freely. HEARTINESS (hart'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being hearty. HEARTLESS (hart'les), a. Without heart, courage, or feeling. HEARTLESSLY (hart'les-li), adv. Unfeelingly. HEARTLESSNESS (hart'les-nes), w. State of being heartless. HEART-RENDING (hart'rend-ing), a. Deeply afflictive; agonizing. HEART»S-EASE, HEARTSEASE (harts'ez), n. Pansy. HEARTSICK (hart'sik), a. Deeply grieved. HEART-WHOLE (hart'hol), a. Not in love; un- moved in the affections or spirits. HEARTY (hart'i), a. 1. Pertaining to, or pro- ceeding from, the heart; heartfelt; earnest. 2. Sound; healthy; lusty. SYN. Cordial; warm; eager; vigorous. ANT. Cold; Insincere; delicate; unhealthy; frail. HEAT (het), n. 1. Form of energy, manifested in Are, sun-rays, etc. 2. Sensation produced in man by this energy. 3. High temperature. 4. Color of a body when heated. 5. Excite- ment. 6. Single match in a series. 7. Warmest part; warmth. [A. S. hcetu — hdt, hot.] HEAT (het), v. [pr.p. HEATING; p.t. and p.p. HEAT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Make hot. 2. Excite. II. vi. 1. Become hot. 2. Become excited. HEATER (het'er), n. Furnace or other device used to produce heat for warming purposes. HEATH (heth), n. 1. Small evergreen shrub with beautiful flowers; heather. 2. Land that produces only heather. [A. S. hceth.~\ HEATH-BIRD (heth'berd), ». Same as PRAIRIE CHICKEN. HEATH-COCK (heth'kok), n. Male heath- bird. HEATHEN (he'thn). I. n. [pi. HEA'THENS or (collectively) HEATHEN.] Inhabitant of an unchristian country; pagan; irreligious person. II. a. Pagan; irreligious. [A. S. hcethen — haeth, country.] HEATHENDOM (he'*7m-dum), n. 1. Part of the world where heathenism prevails. 2. Heathenism. HEATHENISH (he'tfm-ish), a. Rude; uncivil- ized; cruel. HEATHENISM (he'fTm-izm), n. Religious sys- tem of the heathens; paganism. HEATHER (het'er), n. Small evergreen shrub growing on heaths. HEATH-HEN (heth'hen), n. Female heath-bird. HEAT-UNIT (het'u-nit), n. Amount of heat required to make one pound of water warmer by one degree. HEAT-WAVE (het'wav), n. Meteor. Pro- longed spell or duration of hot weather. HEAVE (hev), v. [pr.p. HEAVING; p.t. and p.p. HEAVED (hevd) or HOVE (hov).] I. vt. 1. Lift up; throw. 2. Cause to swell. 3. Force from the breast. II. vi. 1. Be raised. 2. Rise and fall. 3. Try to vomit. [A. S. hebban, lift.] HEAVE (hev), n. 1. Effort upward; throw; swelling; effort to vomit. 2. Naut. Turn or otherwise operate a windlass, capstan, winch or other device, in order to move or raise some heavy object; as, heave the anchor. 3. [pi.] Disease of horses characterized by difficult and laborious breathing. HEAVEN (hev'n), n. 1. Arch of sky overhang- ing the earth; air. 2. Dwelling-place of the Deity and the blessed. 3. Supreme happi- ness. [A. S. Tieofen.] HEAVENLINESS (hev'n-li-nes), n. Quality or state of being heavenly. HEAVENLY (hev'n-li), I. a. 1. Of or pertain- ing to heaven; celestial. 2. Fit or suited for heaven; angelic. II. adv. 1. In a man- ner like that of heaven. 2. By the influence of heaven. HEAVER (hev'er), n. One who or that which heaves or lifts. HEAVES (hevz), n.pl. Disease of horses. See HEAVE. HEAVILY (hev'i-li), adv. In a heavy manner. HEAVINESS (hev'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being heavy. HEAVING (hev'ing), n. Panting; palpitation. HEAVY (hev'i), a. [eomp. HEAVIER; superl. HEAVIEST.] 1. Weighty; not easy to bear; oppressive. 2. Afflicted; burdened. 3. In- active; inclined to slumber. 4. Violent; loud. 5. Not easily digested, as food. 6. Having strength, as liquor. 7. Dark with clouds; gloomy. [A. S. hefig — hebban, heave.] SYN. Cumbrous; massive; ponderous; unwieldy; burdensome. ANT. Light; airy; volatile; buoyant. HEBDOMADAL (heb-dom'a-dal), a. 1. Occur- ring every seven days; weekly. 2. Consisting fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, ouru, ii=u in 'Scotch.