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PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES 
 OF THE 
 
 Fall Celebration Committee, 
 designed and executed 
 
 BY THE 
 
 GEO. G. Fetter Printing Co. 
 
 Louisville, Kv. 
 1889. 
 
 Copyrighted. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1889, by the Geo. G. Fetter Printing 
 Company, in the office o* the Librarian of Coneress at Washington, 
 
 
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 riie Heaviest, Most Complete and Perfect Working Range made. We refer to almost every Hotel and Restaurant in Louisville. 
 
 BRIDGEFORD & CO. 
 
 Corner Kifth and Nlain Streets, 
 
 IrOUISVmirE, KY. 
 
44ist()riccil. 
 
 A RESULT of tliL" war with France, which terminated in 176^, the whole country east 
 of the Mississippi was leded to (Jreat Britain, the I'remii retiring across that river. 
 The British authorities desired to encourage the settlement of the newly-acquired 
 territory, and several army officers, skilled in engineering, were promptly sent to ex- 
 amine its principal river, and the country watered by it. The .soldiers who had served 
 in the war had been rewarded by land-warrants, and a roya.1 jjroclamation allowed 
 those warrants to be located in portions of the new western country. Dr. John Con- 
 nolly, who had l:)een surgeon's mate, or, as would now be said, an assistant surgeon, in 
 ^SlS^^Tr^*s^7 ^'^^T' ^ ^^^ general hospital of the royal forces in America, was a nephew of Col. George 
 
 ^w/i M^ ^'^^ Croghan, the British Indian -A.gent, who jjassed the falls in 1765, on a mission to the 
 
 western tribes. He had, himself, traveled e.xtensively in what was then sjjoken of as "the western country," was one of the 
 best-informed men in the colonies about the character and capabilities of that vast region, and was an advocate of its develop- 
 ment. He was, at one period, a correspondent of Washington's, who, in his journal for 1770, sjjeaks of him as a man well ac- 
 (juainted with the lands south of the Ohio. Dr. Connolly was energetic, enterprising and ambitious. One of his jiropositions, 
 made jiublic in 1770, was, that an inde|)endent colony, or ])rovince should be established in the region included between the 
 Cumberland, the Ohio and a line drawn from a ])oint on the Cumberland, just above the forks of that river, to a point on the 
 ( )hio just above the falls. 
 
 The falls of the Ohio constitute the most striking ])eculiarity of that beautiful river from its source to its mouth. ,\t'ter un- 
 interrui)ted navigation of nearly 600 miles from Fort Pitt, the frail crafts of the pioneers and ex[)Iorers here encountered the 
 first natural obstruction to their progress. In a course of less than three miles the fall of the river is, at the low-water stage 25^ 
 feet, and that swift de.scent forms rapids which have been formidable to all navigators of the river, whatever the character of 
 their vessels. Dr. Connolly's observation had taught him that as the country was settled a considerable city was sure to grow 
 up in the vicinity of such an interruption to river travel and transportation as tliat. ,\long the cour.se of the upper Ohio, the hills 
 ap])roach closely to the banks of the river, and there are very few places where the plain between the river and the hills is wide 
 
. AGENT FOB THE CELEBRATED 
 
 U/indsor polding Bed 
 
 i2j:2, iJreil. @y/, }fe\^^er, 
 
 BED RGOP njiO DIJVI]V6 ^00^ 
 
 3urr\iture. 
 
 4-1 2 W. Main Street, bet. 4-th and 5th, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 ««' Strangers are Cordially Invited to Visit our Warerooms. mi 
 
 -@ 
 
enough to afford room for a city of any size. At the falls, however, there is on either side of the Ohio abundance of level 
 ground above high-water mark, suitatile for the site of a large city. There were several good reasons why the site on the 
 southern side was to be preferred. The main channel of the rapids, running close to the northern side of the river, made the 
 current along that shore stronger. The bend of the river, beginning at the head of the falls, threw deep and quiet water close to 
 the southern bank. The contour of the bend was such that all portages would be made on the southern side of the rapids. A 
 small stream, Beargrass creek, entered the river on that side, a short distance above the head of the rapids, the deep mouth ofl 
 which formed an excellent harbor for the small vessels of that period. A short distance above the mouth of Beargrass the 
 hills receded from the river, leaving a bottom or plain above high-water mark, varying from three to six miles in width, and ex 
 tending down the river for twenty miles, affording excellent building room for a larger city than any known to history. An- 
 other reason for preferring the southern side as the location for a settlement was the fact that the Indians, whose hostility was to 
 be dreaded by the settlers, all lived on the north side of the Ohio, the Kentucky region being reserved as a common hunting 
 ground by all the tribes, and none of them making permanent habitation within its territory. 
 
 In addition to all other considerations, Connolly would naturally want the projected new city to be within the projected new 
 province. Whether on account of his military services, or, as has been alleged, to reward him for using his influence in strength 
 ening the British party in the Fort Pitt region. Dr. Connolly received a warrant for 2,000 acres of land, and determined to locate 
 it at the falls of the Ohio on the Kentucky side. That the selection was made with the purpose of establishing a town is evi 
 dent from his subsequent proceedings, as well as from the fact that the Beargrass lands, whose fertility was well known to him 
 were as open to his choice as the ])0or land he chose by the river. 
 
 In the spring of 1773 Captain Thomas Bullitt, commissioned by Lord IHinmore to proceed to the Ohio and make surveys 
 for the location of land warrants, floated with his ])arty down the river and landed just above the mouth of Beargrass, on the 8th 
 of July, 1773. He devoted the summer and early fall to his work, then returning to Virginia. 
 
 Among other surveys, he made one of Dr. Connolly's 2,000 acres, for which a patent was duly issued before the end of the 
 year. This survey began above the mouth of Beargrass, about what is now the foot of First street, followed the meander of 
 the river to a point below where Shi])]jingport subse(|uently stood, thence to a point near the present intersection of Nineteenth 
 and Broadway, thence east with Broadway to where Shelby now crosses it and thence to the beginning. 
 
 There is no positive evidence that Capt. Bullitt laid out a town on this survey, though some authorities assert that he did 
 However, Connolly, having in the meantime taken Col. John Cam])bell as a partner in his project, issued, jointly with Campbell 
 from Williamsburg, then the ca|)ital of Virginia, a prospectus, dated A])ril 7, 1774, which announced that they proposed to 
 establish a town at the falls of the Ohio, and offered lots for sale. The size of the lots was to be 80x240 feet, and the ])rice at 
 which they were to be sold was four Spanish dollars in cash, and a perpetual cpiit rent of one dollar a year; each purchaser 
 of a lot was to birild, within two years from |nirchase, a house not less than 16 feet square, with stone or brick chimney. 
 
 At that time the mutterings of the storm which soon broke into the revolutionary war were already heard, the public mind 
 
 4 
 
IN E. GREEN, President. 
 
 JAMES BRIDGEFORD, Vice-President. 
 
 GEO. S. ALLISON, Cashier. 
 
 
 Capital. $300,000 00. 
 
 Surplus and Undivided Profits, $63,286.27. 
 
 [jeneral Banking Business transacted. Collecting promptly attended to. Accounts of Merchants 
 solicited. Correspondence with Banks and Bankers, relative to business, promptly answered. 
 
 H MOORE,. President. 
 
 -ESTABLISHED 1856.- 
 
 J. H. HUBER. Cashier. 
 
 Peoples • Bhnk • of • Kentucky. 
 
 N. W. Corner Main and Second Streets. 
 
 ipital, $150,000.00. 
 
 Surplus and Contingent Fund, $54,500.00. 
 
 BHNK • OF • DEPOSIT. • DISCOUNT • MND • SHi£INGS.= 
 
 Collections Received on all Accessible Points in the U. S., and Properly Accounted for. 
 
 ings Department authorized by Act of the Legislature. Interest paid on Savings Deposits. Deposits received of any amount. 
 Married women and children may deposit their savings, and they will be, by law, subject to their own order, 
 free from the control of husband or guardian, and free of City and State tax. 
 
 -@ 
 
was too much preoccu]Med to give any attention to land speculation and the two partners laid their project aside. Connolly, 
 who was high in favor with Lord Dunmore, was made commandant at Fort Pitt and began his maneuvers to strengthen British 
 influence on the frontier. In the war, which soon after broke out, he was early taken a ])risoner and held in confinement unti 
 April, 1781, when he was e.vchanged. 
 
 Campbell was an ardent jiatriot and took service in the army of the colonies. He was taken prisoner by Indians in 1781 
 and held till the close of the war. 
 
 In the meantime, under other auspices, a town had l)een established on the site they had chosen and still owned. 
 
 In the spring of 1785, Ceorge Rogers Clark, a young man of 26, who had served in Dunmore's Indian war and risen t< 
 
 the rank of captain, and had declined the offer of a commission in the British army made to him after the close of those ho.stili 
 
 ties, visited the infant settlements in the interior of Kentucky, and remained until fall. The ne.\t spring h< 
 
 :ame again, intending to remain. He brought with him a commission as major and authority to commanc 
 
 of the settlements. At a meeting in Harrodsburg, on June 6th, shortly after his arrival, h( 
 
 lointed a member of the Legislature of \'irginia. and being desirous of representing to th( 
 
 )rities the dangers to which the frontier settlements were exposed and their lack of muni 
 
 tions of war, he at once set out on foot for Williamsburg, with one com])anion. .Arriving 
 
 the capital he found the Legislature already adjourned. He then sought (Jovernor PatricI 
 
 Henry, who was lying sick at his home in another county, and succeeded in interest 
 
 ing that official in the ob 
 RIVER jg(,( Qf j^jj; mission, and il 
 
 getting a letter from him t 
 fp^^^fl the Executive Counci 
 P from which body he ol: 
 ■L tained, after much effort 
 an order for five hundre( 
 pounds of powder. He got the powder at Fort Pitt and succeeded, after a dangerous journey, in transporting it safely to Hai 
 rodsburg. On the last day of that year an act was passed by the \'irginia .Assembly, at his instance, establishing the county o 
 Kentucky. Clark's military instinct informeti him that the true way of defending the Kentucky settlements was to capture th 
 British posts in the West which incited and sujiplied the Indian expeditions. He unfolded his plans to the Executive of Virgini 
 and succeeded after persistent entreaty and perhaps a few guarded threats in getting from the harrassed and impoverishe( 
 Legislature a small su|)ply of men anil munition for his expedition. In the meantime he had been apijointed Lieut. -colonel. H 
 descended the Ohio with a small army, consisting of about 150 men, accom])anied by some twenty families, who wanted to setUe i 
 Kentucky and took advantage of the opportunity to make the journey to their new^ home under such strong escort. The expe 
 
(5) 
 
 ATTILLA COX President. CHAS. F. JOHNSON, Vice-President. H. V. SANDERS. Secretary and Treasurer. 
 
 Ms 
 
 ecl]ai7ics ^aVii^gs J^ai^k ar^d T^^st (^orripariy, 
 
 Southeast Corner Sixth and Main Streets, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 HUTHORIZED CKPITHL. $1,000,000. MORKING CHPITHL. $300,000. 
 
 Acts as Administrator, Executor, Guardian, Assignee, Receiver, Financial Agent, Etc. Money Loaned 
 
 on Mortgages. Six per cent Mortgage Bonds for Sale. 
 
 oO DIRECTORS. Oo 
 
 ATTILLA COX President of the Company | J AS, A. LKECH, Vice-Prcs. Louisville City Nat. U.ink | W. C. HALL Capitalist 
 
 CHAS. F. JOHNSON, Capitalist I W. S. WYMOND Chess & Wymond | WM. TILLMAN, Cashier Falls City Bank 
 
 J. M. FETTER, . . . . Pres. Kentucky National Bank | SAMUEL RUSSELL Pres. Bank of Louisville | JOHN L. DUNLAP, . Dunlap Bros. & Co. 
 
 JNO. T. MOORE. Prpsident. DENNIS LONG. V. -President . WM. TILLMAN. Cashier. 
 
 Kalls • City • Bank, 
 
 - LOUISVILLE. KY. 
 
 f\ut\)onzed Capital, $1,000,000. •?• paid up, J6oo,ooo. •'• Surplus, $42,308.48. 
 
 Bank of Deposit, Discount and Savings. All Banking Business Solicited. 
 
dition reached the falls, where a small body of Kentucky militia soon joined it, on the 29th of May, 1778, and from that day 
 the beginning of Louisville may be proijerly dated. Col. Clark landed his forces on Corn Island, then, according to a map 
 drawn by Captain Hutchins, of the British army, in 1766, about four-fifths of a mile long and about 500 yards at its greatest 
 breadth, lying near the Kentucky shore and extending from opposite the foot of what is now Fourth street to Thirteenth 
 street, or a little beyond. 
 
 Prompdy on landing, Clark jnit his men to work Iniilding cabins, which were so arranged with palisades connecting them 
 as to make the fort impregnable to Indian attack. Leaving his stores and the families there with a few soldiers to guard them, 
 Clark, on the 24th of June, started down the ri\er with his forces on his important and successful exi)edition. After ca])turing 
 Kaskaskia, against which his first efforts were directed, he sent word back to those left behind on the island to build a fort 
 cm the main land, and they immediately began the work, completing it early in the spring of 1779. The site chosen was near 
 the shore on the east side of a ravine, which ran down to the river about where Twelfth street now is. The fort_consisted of a 
 parallelogram of double log cabins with an open court. At each corner was a l)lock house with walls projecting beyond the line 
 of cabins, and serving as bastions. Before this was finished. Col. John Floyd began a fort near the mouth of Beargrass. Set- 
 tlers built a few rude cabins around the first-named fort and called their settlement " White Home." and others built near Col. 
 Floyd's fort, which he called "Mouth of Beargrass." 
 
 In 1782, in recognition of the growing importance of the town, a stronger and larger fortification was built, and called in 
 honor of the then (lovernor of Virginia, Fort Nelson. It was situated on the north side of Main and extended from near Fifth 
 to below Seventh .street, and toward the river far enough to include the site of the old Burge residence, now occupied by the 
 ofifice of the C, (). & S. W. R. R. Fort Nelson consisted of a brea.st work on three sides, formed by a series of small log pens, 
 filled with earth thrown up from the ditch. Along the top of this work ran a line of .strong pickets or stockades ten feet high. 
 On the side next the river less strength was necessary, owing to the protection afforded by the long slope of the bank. On this 
 side a row of pickets furnished the sole artificial defense. The fort was surrounded by a ditch eight feet wide and ten deej), 
 with a line of sharjjened jnckets on its middle line. The protection of pickets was extended so as to inclose a perennial spring 
 about sixty yards north of Main, and a little west of Fifth. Several small cannon brought down the river by State troops in 
 1781, and a brass six-jjounder captured by Clark at Vincennes, constituted the armament, and made Fort Nelson the most im- 
 |)ortant military work in the West, and added much to the importance of the falls settlement. 
 
 Clark, who was ajipointed a Brigadier (General of the State forces in January, 1781, made the falls settlement 
 his headquarters and the princii)al rendezvous for the several important expeditions conducted by him against the Indian 
 nations. 
 
 In the summer of 17H0, 150 soldiers of the State militia came down the river to be stationed at the falls, and afterward a 
 United States garrison was maintained for some years at Fort Nelson. (len. Clark did not confine his operations to the land, 
 but organized a navy consisting of one large galley or barge, propelled by oars, and carrying several four-pounders. He used 
 
 ®- 
 
* 
 
 
 
 OLD 
 
 STRONG. 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 POPULHR. 
 
 FORTY Y6HRS' SUCCSSSFUL BUSINSSS eXPSRISNCe. 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 POLICIES O 
 
 Indisputable, 
 
 e Non-forfeitable. 
 
 United @ States 
 
 Life Insurance Co., in the City of New York. 
 
 All Profits 
 
 Paid 
 
 Policy Holders. 
 
 Jhmes F. Lloyd, 
 
 Manager for Kentucky and Tennessee, 
 
 No. 446 Mest Mkrket St. 
 
 LOUISiZLLE. KY. 
 
 Annual PREuruM for 
 $1,000.00 
 
 Al :ii;e of j,, - - $12.,,, 
 " 35. - • - 1541 
 
 GEO. DAVIS, Piesident. 
 
 D. E. DOHERTY, V. -President. 
 
 CHAS. WARREN, Cashier 
 
 @ ^j^URTH^ NATiONAir^ Bank, @ 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Capital. $300,000.00 
 
 Undivided Profits, SSl.OOO.OO 
 
 directors.- 
 
 J. p. ToRjiiiT. W. E. Grinstead. Walter Evans. Wj.!. Short. 
 
 Damei. E. Doherty. Chas. Warren. (".eorce Davi.s. 
 
 -@ 
 
it in |KTtri)ling the river l)et\veen the falls and the mouth of Licking. There is no record of its having been in action, though 
 it doubtless kept some Indians from crossing the river into Kentucky. It was only kept in commission a few months. 
 
 .\11 these circumstances concurred to make the Falls settlement conspicuous, and a place of resort for the prominent men 
 of the region, and in conjunction with the growing travel on the ri\er gave it an appearance of 
 
 its size. 
 
 Tory partisan, was undoubtedly the first to conceive the 
 
 falls and to direct attention to the advantages of the 
 
 purjjose, Louisville owed its actual l)eginning and its 
 
 urityand i)ros])erity to the soldier patriot, (leorge Rogers 
 
 lark, and he is entitled to be ranked as its founder.- 
 
 The forts and the reputation of (len. Clark pro- 
 the settlement at the falls from any such seri- 
 attacks as those which threatened the e.xistence 
 f many of the stations in the interior of the 
 State, but jirowling Indians made the vicin- 
 ity unsafe, and the people had their 
 full share of the hardships of pioneer 
 ife. Hunters going too far from the 
 forts were liable to attack, and more 
 than one lost his life. Four boys, 
 who killed a bear one day, were 
 pounced ujion by Indians as they 
 were about to start for home with their 
 game, and carried away captives. 
 Three of them esca])ed some months 
 afterwards and made their way home, 
 but the other, who had been carried 
 to a more distant village, was never 
 lieard of again. The winter of lyyg-'So was one of intense severity all through the country, and the ])ioneers in their rude 
 cabins felt it severely. The river was closed with ice, the ponds frozen to the bottom, snow covered the ground fne months, 
 and game perished in the forest. There was a dangerous scarcity of food, and the jjcople sulTered from himger as well as from 
 cold. Another rigorous winter followed some years later, but the settlers were then better jirepared to meet it. 
 
 PLAN OF LOUISVILLE 
 I77iJ. 
 
J. J. FISCHER. 
 
 President. 
 
 EDMUND RAPP. 
 
 Cashier 
 
 '^^I'—^^j^-^ 
 
 ^ndCjpanGe * ©arpk, 
 
 Nos. 207 and 209 West Market Street. 
 
 Capital, 
 Surplus, 
 
 1250,000 
 100,000 
 
 n^DIRECTORS :::= 
 
 J. J. Fischer. W. H. Edinger. 
 
 H. Wellenvoss. Chas. Winkler. 
 
 Jos. Haxthausen, Hick Pinzer. 
 
 E. W, Herman. 
 
 l(entiiGl(i| • WofiDl • M, 
 
 Capital. S1.000.000. Surplus, $200,000. Undivided Profits, $150,000. 
 
 JAMES M. FETTER. ATTILLA COX. H. C. TRUMAN, R. F. WARFIELD, 
 
 Presiaenl. V-President. Cashier. Ass't Cashier, 
 
 -@ 
 
®- 
 
 So far we have followed the fortunes of the ])ioneer settlement ; now it is time to begin the history of the organized munic- 
 ipality. When the first settlers moved over to the main land from Corn Island, town lots were laid out. The first map, of 
 which any known record e.xists, was made by Wm. Beard or Bard, in the early ])art of 1779. The courtesy of Col. R. T. Dur- 
 rctt allows its reproduction here. It .shows a main street running with the river from Fifth to Twelfth, and streets north of it in 
 the bend of the river northwest of Tenth, extending as far as Eighteenth street. This main street was crossed at right angles 
 by twelve streets one sijuare ajiart, and the streets north of Main were crossed at right angles by others. Lots of about a half 
 acre, 105 feet front by 210 deep, were laid out on each side of Main and numbered. On April 20, 1779, the settlers had a lot- 
 tery and drew their lots by numbers, and assumed ownership. Late in the same year. Cen. Clark, who had then returned from 
 his victorious campaign against the British forts, caused another jjlat to be made out, whic:h showed three streets corresponding to 
 Main. Market and Jefferson, and twelve cross streets corresponding to the present numbered streets from First to Twelfth. By 
 this plat the s|)ace between Main and the river was left public, the cross streets dividing it into eleven sections. Back of the 
 street corresponding to Jefferson, a strip a half square in width was left extending the whole length of the town. Two whole 
 s(|uares were left between F"ifth and .Sixth, where the court-house now stands. No authoritative record of the early sur\eys 
 was kept, but the reservation along the side of Jefferson street, and another connecting with it at Twelfth street, and consisting 
 of a triangular tract of between forty and fifty acres, were maintained for some time and were noted on the plat made by Jared 
 Brooks, in 181 2, which has since been the official standard, though they had been long previously sold by the trustees of the 
 town. Through the kindness of Col. Durrett, the Clark map is also reproduced here. 
 
 The .settlements at the falls had been made on the lands granted to Dr. C'onnolly, of which the lower half had been set off 
 to Col. Campbell, and the lower third of Beard's plat was on Campbell's part. Early in 1779 the inhabitants sent a petition to 
 the Virginia Legislature jiraying for the forfeiture of Connolly's land and the passage of an act incoriwrating a town on the 
 tract. In response to the petition the Legislature, in May, 1780, passed an act to take effect on the first of that month, en- 
 acting, "that one thousand acres of land, being the forfeited property of said John Connolly, adjoining the lands of John Camp- 
 bell, and Taylor, be, and the same is hereby vested in John Todd, Jr., Stephen Trigg. Ceorge Slaughter, John F'loyd, 
 
 William I'ope, Ceorge Merriwether, Andrew Hines. James Sullivan and Marshall Brashiers, gentlemen, trustees, to be bv 
 them, or any four of them, laid off into lots of one half acre each, with convenient streets and public lots, which shall lie. and 
 the same is hereby established a town by the name of Louisville.'' 
 
 The name was selected in honor of Louis XVI, who.se treaty with the United States, signed two years previously, had made 
 their struggle for inde]iendence reasonal)ly sure of a successful issue. 
 
 Communicatioii was slow in those days and the trustees did not meet for organization until the 7th day of February, 1781. 
 .\t the first .sale of lots of which the record is preserved, in June, 1783, the ])rice of each lot was three .shillings, and the fee for 
 making out each deed, six shillings. When Col. John Campbell returned from his captivity he began vigorously to assert his 
 rights. The ]>ortion of the town ])lat extending on to his lands below Twelfth street was abandoned and certain debts owed 
 
-® 
 
 John A. Stratton. 
 
 N. L. Varble. 
 
 JOHN H. STRHTTON S CO. 
 
 Real • Estate • and • House • Agents, 
 
 Buy and sell Real Estate, negotiate Loans, sell Real Estate Paper, take charge of Estates, 
 |A^ collect Rents, pay Taxes, etc, etc. 
 
 No. 210 KiKTH Street, 
 
 JouisvmiiE, KY. 
 
 REFERENCES: 
 
 Bank of Kentucky. German Bank. 
 
 City National Bank. Merchants National Bank, 
 
 bank of Louisville. Western Bank. 
 
 Masenic Savings Bank German Security Bank. 
 AND OTHERS. 
 
 Telephone 499, Ring 2 
 
 THEODORE HARRIS, President. 
 Dr J. E. SUTCLIFFE, V. -President. 
 
 JOHN H. LEATHERS, Cashier 
 W. 8. JONES, Ass T Cashier 
 
 JoiiisVille <r][3aqkii)o ^ ^o. 
 
 Corner Kifth and Nlarket. 
 
 Capital, $500,000.00. 
 
 Surplus, $750,000.00. 
 
 Accounts of Banks, Corporations, Firms and Individuals solicited, and the '™' 
 
 best service rendered. |i 
 
 INTEREST ALLOWED ON TIME DEPOSITS.= 
 
 -@ 
 
(^ 
 
 him liy Connolly were made a lien upon Connolly's forfeited tract, which the trustees had to ])ay off by the sale of lots. Caniji- 
 bell's influence with the Legislature seems, from the evidence now accessible, to have had more to do with the allowance of 
 some of these claims than their abstract justice, and it is, perhaps, rather to Campbell's acquisitiveness than to the want of fore- 
 sight of the trustees, that Louisville owes the loss of the interior jjarks mentioned above. 
 
 The trustees were a self-perpetuating body, though they were changed by the I-egislature at least once, until by a 
 Kentucky act, in 1795, they were made elective by the people. Lender the original act of i7<So. with numerous amendments, 
 local go\ernment was conducted imtil February 13, 1829, when the Legislature, at the reipiest of the citizens, incorporated Lou- 
 isville, which had then attained a jxipulation of nearly 10,000, as a city. The new city was divided into five wards, and muni- 
 cipal power was vested in a ^L^yor and City Council of ten members chosen, two from each ward — all elected by [jopular vote. 
 
 Up to this time the growth of Louisville had been continuous but slow, 'i'he great obstacle had been the bad reputation of 
 the jjlace for healthfulness. The surface of the Louisville plain consists generally of a clayey soil of moderate thickness. Under- 
 neath this is a sub-stratum of sand and gravel thirty to forty feet thick, resting on the rock. The second bank had a slight slope 
 
 to the southward, and away 
 from the river, and the 
 tenacious surface soil ] ire- 
 venting the water from es- 
 caping, made the ground 
 in many ])laces swampy, 
 and in all the depressions 
 ponds were formed. These 
 ponds, whi( h were very 
 numerous all over the ]jres- 
 ent site of the city, were 
 full of fish, and the resort 
 
 EARLY SETTLEMENT OF LOUtSVtLLE. 
 
 for a great variety of wild 
 fowl, and furnished the 
 early .settlers wek'ome ad- 
 ditions to their bills of fare. 
 Two of them, "The Long 
 Pond. " extending from the 
 corner of Si.xth and .\Lirket, 
 nearly to Sixteenth, and 
 "Crayson's Pond," begin- 
 ning near Center opposite 
 (Irayson, and extending to 
 near Eighth, had each a 
 
 good de]jth of clear water and as skating ]jlaces in winter, and well-shaded resorts in summer, afforded the peojile a great deal of 
 enjoyment. Most of the |)onds were shallow, and many only full at times of heavy rain and, conseipiently, they were usually 
 in varying stages of dryness and stagnation, and full of vegetation. They engendered a vast amount of malaria and miasm, 
 and fever and ague, and worse diseases of that class, were jirevalent. 
 
 In 1805, the Legislature gave the trustees authority to get rid of the ponds by such means as seemed best in their j.udg- 
 ment. They were anxious to do so, and public sentiment was in full accord with them, but the financial ability of the town was 
 not eijual to the task, and nothing of importance was then done. -As the ])lace grew and the jjonds became contaminated with 
 its filth, the sickness they produced became of a more aggravated type, described by a medical authority of the time as "a 
 
 (^- 
 
CAPITAL STOCK, $100.000.00 PAID UP, $25.000 00 
 
 (Incorporated 1 885.1 
 
 Home Office, 35 and 37 Bull Block, 441 W. Market St., LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 T 
 
 -^>II^ECTOX2.S :- 
 
 ATTILLA COX, President Mechanics .Savings Bank and Trust Co. D. P. CURRV, with J. M. Robinson & Co. 
 
 CLINTON McCLARTY, Manager Louisville Clearing House. HARRY STUCKY, Alderman City of Louisville. 
 
 GUY C. SIBLEY, Attorney at Law. 
 
 Branch Offices in TWENTY-FIVE of tiie Largest Cities in tlie United States and Canada. Correspondents at EVERY COUNTY SEAT in tlie United States and Canada. Collec- 
 tions made tiiroughout the World. If nothing is collected, no commission is charged. 
 
 J. H. LINDENBERGER, W. GEO, ANDERSON, WM. R. JOHNSON, FRANK H, JOHNSON, 
 
 President. Vcce-Piesident Cashier Assistant Cashier 
 
 CAPITAL. y /^ T TTC>"\7TT r T^T' T«^ "VT" Surplus and Undivided Profits. 
 
 $188.000.00 
 
 $500000.00 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 GENERHL • BHNKING • BUSINESS.: 
 
 Sterling Exchange bought and sold. Liberal dealing with Depositors. Careful and efficient attention 
 
 to all business of patrons. Collections a specialty. 
 
bilious remittent fever, whose symptoms are often sufficiently aggravated to entitle it to the name of yellow fever." The year 
 1822 was a sickly one over the West generally, but a fever epidemic raged in Louisville with dreadful fatality. There were cases 
 in which whole families perished. This visitation of disease not only interrupted the business and growth of the town by its 
 ravages, but it increased the reputation of Louisville for unhealthfulness to a degree that kept immigrants from it for years after 
 ward. It had the good effect, however, of inciting a successful effort to get rid of the ponds. The Legislature authorized a 
 lottery to raise $40,000 to drain all those in the city, and as far as the mouth of Salt river. Enough was raised to drain those 
 in the city, and many little eminences which once diversified the surface of the plain were leveled to furnish material to fill them. 
 As a result of that work and the system of sewerage inaugurated afterwards and now became an e.vtensive and excellent one, 
 Louisville has for many years shown a very low death rate. When cholera visited this country in 1832-33, Louisville suffered 
 so little that her reputation for healthfulness recovered from the blow the fever gave it in 1822, and since then has always stootl 
 deservedly high. 
 
 When the city was first settled Beargra.ss creek, after running parallel with the river for nearly a mile, entered it near the 
 foot of Third street. The narrow strip between it and the river was called "The Point," a designation which the ujjper portion I 
 of it still retains though to many of the present generation its origin is unknown. The first bridge over Beargrass was built in 
 1800, by private subscription, near the mouth. Before that a large .sycamore tree on the bank above First street had been cut 
 so as to fall across the stream and all the branches having been trimmed off, the trunk afforded a secure path for the sure- 
 footed passengers who used it. At a later period bridges were built at each street crossing and about 1856 the work of diverting 
 the stream into a new channel, entering the Ohio two miles above its old mouth, was completed. All traces of the old channel 
 in the lower part of its course have since been obliterated. 
 
 The Towhead Island, now a conspicuous feature of the river front, had its beginning about the same time the city did and 
 has grown as the city grew and as Corn Island wasted away. 
 
 In 1 85 1 the Legislature enacted a new charter, according to which the General Council was composed of a Board of Alder- 
 men consisting of one, and a Board of Councilmen consisting of two members trom each ward. The city was divided into 
 eight wards. Under this charter, in accordance with the general tendency of the times, a number of offices previou.sly filled by 
 appointment were made elective. 
 
 The river was, from the settlement of Louisville up to the development of the railroad system in the last twenty years, the 
 principal channel of commerce. Until steamboats made their appearance, barges, keelboats and flatboats were the vessels used, 
 and they contended with the steamboat for river traffic, until steamers became large and numerous. The first steamer made its 
 a])pearance in 181 1, Vnit by 1819 forty had been put afloat on the Ohio, of which eight had been built in Louisville yards. 
 
 In 1817, Capt. Shreve, with the steamer Washington, made the trij) from Shipi)ingi)ort to New Orleans and back in forty- 
 five days, and was given a jjublic dinner in honor of his speedy trip. Steamboats were constantly improved in construction and 
 size till 1853, when the climax of speed and splendor in Ohio river steamboating was reached in the Eclipse, which made the 
 
GHLT HOUSE 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 THE LARGEST AND FINEST HOTEL IN THE CITY. 
 
 " 811 
 
 
 SiJrl^ist? ai7d o 1^^55139 ° Batl7S. 
 
 Rates, $2.30 to $4.00 pep Day 
 
 A. R. COOPEK, Nlanager. 
 
 -© 
 
 ^@ ToaisVille 4^otel, 
 
 Main Street, between Sixth and Seventh, 
 
 LOUISXZILLE. 
 
 ^!^ 
 
 Remodeled, ^ Refurnislied 1 and 1 Refitted 1 Througliottt. 
 
 The Most Liberally Managed and^ 
 Centrally Located Hotel in the City. 
 In the Heart of the Wholesale District^ 
 Within Two Blocks of the Principal Retail Centre, 
 Convenientto all the Theatres and Public Buildings 
 
 Large and Commodious Sample Rooms. Specially 
 Furnished to Meet the Requirements of Commercial 
 Travelers, and Reserved for their Exclusive Use. 
 
 Rates from $2.50 to $5.00 per Day, 
 
 AIV1ERICA.N PLAN. 
 
 LOUISVILLe HOTEL CO. 
 
 PROPRIETORS. 
 
 J. E. H. KeLLY. 
 
 MANAGER. 
 
 -^ 
 
up-river trip frcnn New Orleans to Louisville in 4 days, 2 hours and 30 minutes, and the A. L. Shotwell which surpassed that re- 
 cord by one minute. 
 
 The steamers finally drove from the river the race of boatmen, "half horse and half alligator," of whom the noted Mike 
 Fink was a tyjie. Mike, finding his occujiation too much interfered with by the growth of steamboating, emigrated to the 
 Northwest about 1822. 
 
 It was his favorite boast that he could "out-run, out-hop, out-jum]3, throw down, drag out and lick any man in the coun- 
 try." It is related of him that to oblige a constable, who was a poor man, and his friend, he once submitted to arrest on condi 
 tion that he and his crew .should be carried to the court-house in his yawl, which, with the assistance of a long-coupled wagon 
 and some yokes of oxen, was accordingly done. 
 
 At a very early period in the history of Louis\ille, the necessity and ad\antage of ]>rovitling an artificial water-way arountl 
 the formidable obstruction to navigation cau.sed by the falls, was recognized. 
 
 As early as 1804 a company was organized to excavate a canal, but nothing was done exce])t to make some surveys. In 
 1809 or 1810, Congress jwssed an act authorizing a subscription of $150,000 to the stock of a canal company on certain con- 
 ditions, and in 1815, the State was authorized by act of the Legislature to make a subscri])tion of $50,000, with a conditional 
 provision for a further subscription of the same amount. Other states interested in the navigadon of the Ohio were invited to 
 aid in the work. As before, nothing was done except to make surveys. 
 
 In 1818 still another comjiany was organized without result, hut finally in 1825 one was formed which actually began 
 work. In the meantime there had been a controversy as to which side of the river furnished the most available route. The In- 
 diana Legislature incorporated a company to build a canal back of Jefferson ville and the work of excavation was entered upon 
 in 1819. Sufficient funds, howe\er, were not raised, notwithstanding that a lottery was authorized, and the project was aban- 
 doned. The company organized in 1825 was composed almost wholly of Philadelphia cajjilalists, though the government be- 
 came one of the earliest and largest stockholders. 
 
 The canal was sufficiently completed for a steamboat to pass through it in December, 1829, Init it was not formally ojiened 
 for traffic till December, 1830. It proved a profitable enterprise from the first. 
 
 The size of steamboats gradually increased until the locks became inadequate to pass the finer class and an agitation for the 
 enlargement of the canal l)egan, which resulted in 1871 in the opening of new locks of sufficient size to pass the largest boats on 
 the river. The general government, under an agreed policy, became owners of the entire stock and, in 1872, by virtue of an 
 act of the Kentucky Legislature, took possession. All tolls have since been abolished. An extensive widening of liie ujjpcr 
 jjart of the basin is now in progress, which, when completed will greatly facilitate the handling of traffic. 
 
 Before the canal was enlarged sufficiendy to fully accommodate the river commerce, the growth of the railroad system of 
 Louisville and the country had deprived river commerce of its supremacy. 
 
 In 1827, Thomas H, Barlow, of Lexington, brought to Louisville a small locomotive which he had built in the former 
 
INSURE IN THE 
 
 tuiil Liie Ins, Co, 
 
 •f OF KENTUCKY.?- 
 
 hom;e okkice, - - - louisville. 
 
 The Only Regular Life Insurance Company Organized Under the 
 Laws of the State of Kentucky. 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 Hon. CHARLES D. JACOB, President. 
 J. K. GOODLOE, Vice-President. 
 
 WM. W. MORRIS, Secretary, 
 
 DAVID MERIWETHER, Treasurer. 
 
 It furnishes every desirable form of Life and Endowment 
 Insurance. 
 
 It has $100,000 in Securities deposited with the State 
 Treasurer for the benefit of its Policy holders. 
 
 If the insured pay the premium the Company will pay the 
 claim at maturity. 
 
 -© 
 
 estifiew •'• BuiMlng •'• Co. 
 
 Choice Investment Lots '*» Hand- 
 some Siit)iJ.rt>an Residences 
 
 -FOR SALE ON- 
 
 PHRKLHND * HILLS. 
 
 Quick Transit Daisy Trains and Horse Cars, 5 Cents. 
 
 ^T^STOP PAYING RENT 
 
 For HOTHIHG and OWN your HOME 
 
 SMALL CASH PAYMENTS, BALANCE MONTHLY. 
 
 U/estuieu; Buildip<§ (^ompapy, 
 
 Geo. M. Crawforo^Siorekkv. 
 
 OFFICE. 249 Fifth St., near Market, 
 
 LOUISUILLE. Ky. 
 
 -© 
 
i!: 
 
 place, and exhibited its workings upon a circular track in Woodland Garden. A little passenger-car, with two seats, was attached 
 to it. This was probably the first vehicle drawn by steam on the Continent. In 1830, the Lexington & Ohio Rai!ri>ad Com- 
 pany was chartered to build a road from Lexington to some point on the Ohio river. Louisville was the terminal point intended, ^. 
 
 Fort Nelson, A. D.. 1782. From the original picture, owned by R. T. Ourrett. 
 
 and the citizens of this place were warmly interested in the project. At the time this company was chartered, there were only 
 twenty-three miles of railroad in operation in the country. The work of construction progressed slowly, and trains did not get 
 
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through friim Lexington to Frankfort until the close of 1835. ^^^ ^''^t track was laid with flat rails on stone sills, and a not 
 uncommon incident was for one end of a rail to bend upward and break through the bottom of a car. At the Louisville end 
 affairs progressed more slowly. The directory wished the road to strike the river at Portland, and there was much controversy 
 as to the route through the city. A legislative committee, which had finally to be called in to settle the ([uestion, decided that 
 the road should enter at the corner of Jefferson and Wenzel, proceed thence along Jefferson to Si.xth, in Sixth to Main, along 
 Main to Twelfth, in Twelfth to Portland Avenue, and down the Avenue to Portland. The road from Sixth street to Portland 
 was com])leted and the first train passed over it on the 29th of February, 1838. The business was profitable from the first, but 
 was strenuously objected to by citizens along the route, especially on Main street, 
 who |)rocured an injunction against its operation and prolonged litigation ensued, 
 '{"he road was never constructed above Sixth street, and in 1844 it was transferred 
 to the Louisville &: Portland Railroad rom])any by the State, which had foreclosed 
 a mortgage for money loaned to aid in its construction. It was afterward sold 
 to Lsham Henderson, who converted it into a street railroad, the first o])erated in 
 the United States. The Louisville &: Frankfort railroad was incorporated in 
 1847, and the projjcrty and franchises of the Lexington & ()hii) railroad, between 
 Louisville and Frankfort, were transferred to it. The Lexington & Frankfort 
 Railroad Company, chartered in 1848, took the part between the ca])ital and Lex- 
 ington. The road between Louisville and Frankfort was comjileted in 185 1. The 
 railroail from Jeffersonville to Indiana]jolis, chartered in 1846, went into full 
 operation Feliruary i, 1853. The Louisville & Nashville railroad, chartered in 
 1850, was opened to Naslnille in 1859. The Knoxville liranc h as far as Lebanon, 
 the liardslown liranch and the Memphis llranch, were completed by i860. 
 
 The trade of Louisville was just beginning to feel the effects of the railroad de- 
 velopment then rapidly progressing throughout the country when the civil war broke out 
 Louisville had attained a population by the census of i860 of 68,033. Though its 
 manufactures were considerable, varied and increasing in a promising ratio, it was 
 mainly a commercial citw doing a large jobbing, commi.ssion and forwarding busi- 
 ness, almost wholly with the Southern States. The war put a total stop to this trade, 
 but furnishing and handling su])])lies for the Union army ojjerating in this deijartment furnished employment to nuu h ot its 
 business energy. The war also advertised the advantages of Louisville as a business point, and its attractiveness as a place ot 
 residence in many (piarters where they were not previously known. In the simimer of 1862 the tide of battle approached 
 very near; earthworks, a few of which still remain in a fair state of preservation, were constructed at various points aro'ind the 
 
 New Fort Nelson. Eighth and Main. 
 
 @- 
 
 ^1/ 
 
 (g)!(j 
 
W. W. PARRISH. 
 
 C. P. PARRISH. 
 
 Corner Twelfth and Main Sts., LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 a->w 
 
 ;%g!: 
 
 _ 1 
 
 Rates, • $i.50 • and • $2.00 • pep • Day- 
 
 W&SMM^M BIKOS., Props. 
 
 r wo squares above the J. M. & I. and O. & M. Depots. Five squares below Union 
 Depot. Street cars pass the door every five minutes for all parts of the city. 
 
 -® 
 
 ARTISTIC 
 
 CLOTHING 
 
 Ready-Made. 
 
 All styles ; all prices, and fits guaranteed for all 
 
 MEN HNDBOYS. 
 
 '^ 
 
 EOPLE'S z^USTOM 
 OPULAR IlOTHIERS 
 
 LEVYiBROS. 
 
 Third and Market Sts. 
 
city and connected l)y lines of rifle-pits; and one day a great turmoil was created by an order for non-combatants to cross tlie 
 river. The storm passed, however, without breaking, and war alarms did not again come so near. For four weary years tli' 
 the hum of peaceful and productive industry and commerce, though not wholly stojjped, were drowned in the rumble of artiller\ 
 the tramp of marching columns, the rattle of the army wagon, the whistle of transports, and the bray of the army mule. Whn 
 welcome ])eace returned industry and commerce had to be reorganized, and almost society itself, for the institution of slavery on 
 which all labor arrangements were based, had perished in the shock of arms. The work of readjustment was entered upon n' 
 once, and the enterprising leaders of Louisville's commerce undertook energetically the work of recovering their trade in the ten 
 
 tory which had been closed to them during the war. The railroad had now supplanted the steain 
 boat, and Louisville promptly addre.ssed herself to the task of extending her railroad system. Lil' 
 eral loans of the city's credit were made from time to lime to aid in railroad construction. 
 
 On the first day of August. 1867, the corner-stone of a railroad bridge over the river at the 
 falls was laid, and the great work was rapidly pushed to completion. The first train passed o\ cr 
 it, July 18, 1870, carrying the (iovernor and members of the Legislature, who were afterward ban- 
 queted. Other means of attracting attention to Louisville as a business point were not neglectetl. 
 On the 13th of October, 1869, ^ great commercial convention, consisting of five hundred and 
 twenty delegates from twenty-nine .States assembled and was ])resided over by the venerable 
 e.x-President Fillmore. On the 20th of July, 1872, an Industrial Exposition Building, situated at 
 the corner of Fourth and Chestnut streets, on the ground now occupied by the new (iovernment 
 Building, was opened with appropriate ceremonies in the presence of a large audience. The 
 HT ll BiWr l^K structure was of attractive design and liberal dimensions, extending three hundred and thirty feet 
 
 P| ll Pijj| B|.{K ''! I on Fourth street, and two hundred and thirty on Chestnut, .\nnual expositions were held in it 
 
 7, M..,».o«r»co 1 successfully, and with advantage to the city for a series of years. As the develojiment of her 
 
 railroad system gave Louisville readier access to the vast stores of coal, iron and lumber in the 
 country around her, and increased her facilities as a distributing point, her business energies took 
 another direction, and from being mainly a commercial city, she began to change rajiidly to a 
 manufiicturing center. In order to demonstrate not only her own capabilities and accom])lishments, 
 but the varied and abounding resources of the region with which her trade was carried on, 
 the great exposition of 1883 was organized. Previous expositions had been purely local in their 
 scope, and intended to show sini])ly the stage of development which the industries and general business of the city itself 
 had reached, and to advertise to her customers the character and variet\' of her wares and her capacity to supply all 
 their wants. The exposition of 1883 had a far wider scope, and was projected on a corres])ondingly greater scale. 
 It was intended to inforin the world concerning the resources of the great Southern and Southwestern ])ortion of our country; 
 
 Carpet House of W. H. McKnii|hl *. Co. 
 
A Few FACTS of INTEREST about the NIAGNIKICENT Establish- 
 ment of 
 
 ••• M. H. MCKNIGHT 5 CO. •?• 
 
 They occupy ten large store rooms fronting on both Main Street and Fourth Avenue. The 
 
 best lighted store rooms in the city. 
 
 THE LARGEST STOCK OF NEW AND BEAUTIFUL STYLES 
 
 C ARPETINGS ! 
 
 RUGS, MHTS, MHTTINGS. 
 
 ® Oil Cloths, Linoleums, Portieres, Chenille, Yelonr, Silk, and Lace Curtains * 
 
 Ever brought to Louisville, and will be sold at prices that defy competition. Strangers and all others are invited to visit our 
 
 sales rooms, whether they wish to purchase anything or not. 
 
 ^ w_ H. Mcknight & co. ^- 
 
 328 and 330 Main St., 231 Fourth Avenue, LOUISiZILLE, KY. 
 
to make known to the people of that region the industries of 
 the rest of the country, and to exhibit Louisville in relation to 
 l)oth as a convenient mart and exchange, and as a most advan- 
 tageous point for converting raw material into manufactures and 
 distrilmting the ]iroduct in all directions, called the Southern 
 Exposition, in compliment to the section whose material progress 
 is most important to the business interests of Louisville. It was 
 essentially national in its s])irit and iirojiortions. No city in the 
 world had ever before undertaken to provide and maintain an 
 exposition so extensive in size and so com])rehensive in its ob 
 jects, relying solely on the public spirit and liberality of its own 
 citizens for the money necessary, to carry it through success- 
 fully. The buildings ])rovided were commensurate with the 
 large purposes of the exjw.sition. 
 
 The main building was 910 feet long by 610 feet wide, and 
 furnished thirteen acres of floor s])ace under cover. The ma- 
 terial used was wood. It was constructed by skilled and tasteful 
 5 architects, and presented an a])pearance both attractive anci im- 
 posing. The interior arrangement left four open courts, which 
 were adorned with foimtains, green sward and beds of flowers. 
 .\ large art gallery built of lirick, a machinery hall, and an experi- 
 mental farm and horticultural exhibit were leading and valuable 
 features of the general plans, and the beautiful grotmds of Cen- 
 tral Park were embraced within the ample enclosure devoted to 
 the purposes of the exposition. The main building was lighted 
 y thousands of incandescent electric lights, furnished by a ])lant 
 whi( h was the largest ever constructed up to that date, and ])er- 
 haps imequaled since, outside of the jsresent Industrial Exjiosition 
 of France at Paris. Another striking feature was the music, 
 whi( h was furnished during the whole duration of the exjiosition 
 by the most famous orchestras of the country. The art galler\' 
 was filled with the most remarkable collections of j)aintings and 
 
f\. d. /T^eQampbell. 
 
 (^rain, ^rouii>loHcv, ^o-tton anh §)ioch 
 
 + BROKER* 
 
 Executes Orders for the Purchase or Sale of 
 
 ^^f^Gc^:, eotit, Oct^, "lork, 2atb, Sl'iott- 
 
 :F0R • FUTURE • DELIVERY.: 
 
 254 West Main Street, * LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 TELEPHONE 858, RING 2. 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 
 
 -@ 
 
 ^ 
 
 OPERATING UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE ^1 
 
 OPERATING UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE 
 
 NORTH KMERICKN PH0NOGRHPH CO. 
 
 AND OF THE SOLE LICENSEE OF 
 
 THE HMSRICHN GRHPHOPHONE CO. 
 
 PHONOGRAPHS 
 
 Phonograph-Graphopliones 
 
 Either machine at a rental of Forty Dollars per nnnum, is 
 i ivaluable as a Mechanical Stenographer, saving Time, Expense and 
 Mon y ; being Accurate, Reliable and always at hand, and is a grand 
 source of Instruction, Entertainment and Interest. 
 
 AN INVITATION is extended to all interested to a thorough 
 invcstigaiion of the merits of these wonderful instruments at our 
 
 OFFICE AND EXHIBITION ROOMS, 
 
 No. 246 Fifth Street, Louisville. 
 
 -@ 
 
works of art ever gathered in one place in this country. The rich owners of famous pictures and statues, in all sections of the 
 country, with a liberality as praiseworthy as unusual, allowed their [jrecious art treasures to he transported over hundreds of 
 miles of railroad in order to delight the eyes and cultivate the taste of visitors to the exposition, and tien. Grant loaned the 
 large collection of valuable and curious presents made to him during his tour around the world. The exjiosition was opened 
 August I, 1883, with great success, and in the presence of a vast throng, b)- (len. Arthur, President of the United States, who, 
 accomjjanied by most of his Cabinet, and met here by the Lieutenant-(;eneral commanding the army, visited the city for that 
 ]nir])ose. During the continuance of the e.\]X)siti(jn, the governors of many of the States attended it on days set a])art for their 
 
 entertainment, and .several national asso- 
 ciations, devoted to economic and scien- 
 tific investigations, held their sessions in 
 Louisville. On certain evenings in ev- 
 ery week exhibitions of fireworks, sur- 
 passing any of the kind previously 
 shown in the country, were regularly 
 given. 
 
 No builder of a factory, however 
 high he rates the probabilities of his 
 achievement, expects the profits of the 
 first year's operations to pay for his en 
 tire plant, and no builder of a theatre, 
 even though the greatest stars in the his- 
 trionic firmament, and the greatest po|iu 
 lar favorites that ever trod the boards 
 should crowd his high-priced seats witli 
 delighted throngs, ever expects to reim- 
 
 Crutcher & Starks' C:oti<:ng Hun 
 
 season for all his investment. Of course 
 the Southern Exposition, like other great 
 expositions, was not a direct i)ecuniary 
 success. In all other respects it was suc- 
 cessful, fully up to the expectations of its 
 projectors. It advertised Louisville to 
 the world, and made its advantages 
 known to shrewd investors in all com- 
 mercial nations. The exposition was fol- 
 lowed by a marked expansion of the 
 business of Louisville in all directions, by 
 increased developement of her manufac- 
 turing industries, by a noticeable increase 
 in the degree of recognition accorded 
 her existing imjwrtance and future prom- 
 ise, by an advancement of her municipal 
 credit, and by a keener ])erception on 
 the part of managers of railroad systems, 
 of her importance as a terminal and 
 
 burse himself from the jjrofits of one 
 
 feeder. Before that she had to seek railroads and ]iay liberally to get them : sine e then, they have .sought her. 
 
 Having the splendid buildings erected for the Southern ?^\|)osition ahead}- jirovided, the public-spirited citizens determined 
 to utilize them for a series of annual expositions (jn a less extended scale than that, but still of proportions exceeding those of 
 any local expositions held in other cities. Funds were liberally ])rovided, and annual expositions were held until 1887. Experi- 
 ence showed by that time, in Louisville, as well as in other cities, that as a means of attraction the exposition plan « as exhausted 
 and other methods of drawing attention and trade to the city were .sought for. 
 
■^ 
 
 G^ THB BEST ^^S, iB 
 
 (^o\:\)\i)(^ for [\\eT), Boys k <^\)\\dre[). 
 
 '/Mvv- 
 
 FINE OVERCOATS A SPECIALTY. 
 
 CONFINED STYLES! 
 
 JUST -OPENED. 
 
 NONE LIKE XHEM! 
 
 Enlarged premises for our Tailoring Deparlment. Our work will be the very best that experience, energy and 
 money can produce Our long seriice in this, as other departments, will merit the best patronage. 
 
 N. E. Corner Fourth and Jefferson Streets, 
 
 FRANKFORT, 336 TO 340 Main St. LOUISiZILLE, KY. 
 
 -(§) 
 
®- 
 
 In the central portion of our country, the season when the extra-ur1)an po])ulation is most at leisure to seek recreation 
 corresponds with the end of the summer heat and the beginning of the cooler Init delightful temijeralure of early autimm. 
 '{"hen, too, the Southern country merchants lay in their fall and winter stocks, and the retail city trade for cold weather sujiplies 
 sets in. 'I"he railroads witli thrifty liberality, are accustomed to giye rates that will encourage trayel to those jjlaces which haye 
 proyided special enter- • ings of the Southern Ex- 
 
 tainments to interest ' ^ ^^!'""^^. '^^-^_—^ ^' position, its ample music 
 
 hall was ]jrovided with 
 
 visitors. It has become 
 the rule therefore in Lfe^ 
 leading cities of the ^^#; 
 West and South, to pro- 7 
 vide such entertain- 
 ments at the [froper 
 season in order to get 
 the advantage of cheaj) 
 railroad rates, and cities 
 that neglect to do so are 
 liable to see their regular 
 ctistomers attracted to 
 other markets. An 
 annual show has thus 
 become in great meas- 
 ure a commercial neces 
 sity. During the period 
 when the annual expo- 
 sitions were still contin- 
 ued in the great build- 
 finally determined to have an industrial procession in which all lines of business in the city should be represented by approjiriate 
 floats, to be sujjplemenled by a flambeau parade at night: and further, by a jiageant after the order of those which have so long 
 made the Mardi Cras festivities at New Orleans famous. The Fall Celebration Company was organized to conduct in an orderly 
 way the multitudinous operations necessary to the success of such demonstrations and a secret association or club called the Satellites 
 of Mercury was formed to manage the mystic and allegoric ]jageant. The jiarade and the pageant took place at the appointed 
 time, and were successful up to the hopes of their most sanguine projectors in drawing immense crowds of visitors to the city. A 
 
 GALT HOUSE. 
 
 ==? a spacious and well- 
 
 ^^ fitted stage, and several 
 
 ^3 dramatic and musical 
 3 festivals of a high order 
 ,3 of merit were held in 
 the spring, and proved 
 both attractive and re- 
 munerative. After the 
 season of 1887, th c 
 Southern Exposition 
 Company determined tn 
 go into liipiidation and 
 its handsome edifices 
 were torn down. In 
 the spring of the next 
 \ear the nature of the 
 attractions to be offered 
 in the fall came under 
 discussion, and it was 
 
 @- 
 
DON'T FORGET' 
 
 THE NEW YORK STORE 
 
 OF AUGUSTUS SHARPE, 
 
 One of the greatest sights of the ciiy, OVER THREE SQUARE ACRES OF SALES ROOM and all crowded with 
 ;he most complete and select stock of 
 
 FINE. HICH-CLHSS DRY GOODS 
 
 ro be seen west of New York. Our stock this season is really marvelous and by far eclipses any previous effort, and represents 
 learly One Million Dollars of actual investment. 
 
 3ARPETS by the thousand rolls. 
 
 UPHOLSTERY and HOUSE FURNISHINGS in surpris- 
 ing quantities. 
 SILKS AND DRESS GOODS in wonderful profusion 
 CLOAKS AND WRAPS in endless numbers. 
 
 SHOES by the hundreds of thousands. 
 
 WHITE GOODS, NOTIONS, HOSIERY, and UNDER- 
 WEAR. 
 LINENS AND DOMESTICS beyond computation. 
 
 Five Large Dress-making Establishments. Complete Trousseaus made in 24 hours by the celebrated 
 
 Dress-maker, Madame E. Dougherty. 
 
 AUGUSTUS SHARPFS MEW YORK STORK 
 
repetition this year, 1889, was determined on, and the programme will be found at the close of this sketch. The Club of the 
 Satellites since their successful debut, have regularly incor]>orated themselves, built a large and substantial depositary for their 
 elaborate projjerties, and are in a situation to furnish the public with refined and attractive entertainment for years to come, 
 and prove themselves a valuable addition to the permanent institutions of our city. 
 
 In considering the agencies waich have been at work in later years to build up the city and extend its influence and reputa' 
 tion, most important have been the Board of Trade and the Commercial Club. The Board of Trade was granted a charter by 
 the Legi.slature in 1872, and an important amendment was added in 1873. Until 1879 its strength and efficiency, and the pub-} 
 lie interest in it fluctuated greatly. In that year the need of a strong organization of the mercantile and manufacturing commu- 
 
 III 
 
 nuy to secure statistics of 
 the liusiness of the city, 
 guard its interests with 
 transportation lines, pro- 
 vide for j)roper grading 
 and inspection of com- 
 modities, encourage the 
 spirit of co-operation for 
 the general good, furnish a 
 tribunal for disputes among 
 merchants, and unify the 
 business strength of the 
 community in matters 
 where common effort was 
 
 U Nell Coal & Coke Co. s bievator. 
 
 required, was so strongly 
 felt that the board was re- 
 constituted on a new basis, , 
 liberal subscriptions wer< I 
 made, and the handsome 
 and commodious building 
 at the corner of Third and 
 Main streets was purchased 
 for its use. Since then a 
 lot adjoining on the north 
 has been ]jurchased and a 
 new building, called E,\- 
 change Hall, connecting 
 with the first, erected for 
 
 meetings of the board. These real estate transactions jjroved wise and profitable ones. The board at once got the benefit of 
 the added influence which attaches to all organizations known to be on a solid financial basis, and a succession of capable officers 
 and directors chosen from among the most respected and enterprising of the business men of the city looked carefully after its 
 interests, and were vigilant in guiding its energies in whatever direction the general good of the business community seemed to 
 require. Every undertaking of a meritorious character looking to the advancement of Louisville as a business center has received 
 most intelligent and efficient assistance from the Board of Trade, and many of them have originated among its membership, 
 and been put into shape for action in its hall. The board is now financially and numerically in a strong and jirosperous con- 
 dition. Its membership, according to the last annual report, numbered 525, embracing the most substantial element of the 
 business community. Plans have been adopted for enlarging the building and introducing elevators which will add to its 
 beauty and convenience, and increase the handsome revenues which the board derives from it. 
 
 @- 
 
-© 
 
 -© 
 
@- 
 
 >iitllSi!.5! 
 
 The Commercial Club was organized in May, 1887. It was intended to utilize the energy and capacity of the yoimger 
 class of business men in the work of building up the city and promoting the development of the State. It was intended, not 
 as a rival of or as a substitute for the Board of Trade, but as a complement and ally of that body, less restricted in its scojie and 
 free to devote its energies to works of progress. It was an outgrowth of the spirit aroused by the great Southern Exposition. u> 
 which the enthusiastic energy of young Louisville was especially responsive. That it was organized to meet a real demand is 
 shown by the fact that its first year closed with a membership of 518, and its second with a memljership of 994. Shortly after 
 the first of May. when its present fiscal year began, it celebrated the enrollment of its one thousandth member, and has largely 
 
 and steadily increased since then. .According to its Articles of Incorporation, its pur- 
 pose is "to promote the commercial interests and general welfare of the city of 
 Louisville and state of Kentucky." It has worked with excellent judgment and most 
 gratifying success for the accomplishment of that purpose. By its direct efforts, a 
 large number of clubs with similar aims have been organized throughout the state, 
 and united into a State league, under the presidency of the (Governor, thus making it 
 possible to bring into ready co-operation the progressive element in all parts of the 
 State. The practical work done by the club has been of the most valuable description. 
 It has published and desseminated in quarters where they were likely to bring new busi- 
 ness and men of enterprise to Louisville, leaflets summarizing in an admirable way 
 the business advantages and achievements of the city. One of its committee succeeded 
 last year within three days in securing nearly five hundred floats for the Industrial 
 Parade; it was mainly instrumental in securing the erection of the Cotton Mill now 
 in successful oiier.ition. Over thirty comjianies engaged in business in the city were 
 organized in its rooms; it has corresponded with manufacturers seeking locations 
 and induced them to come to Louisville ; it has succeeded in raising the money for, 
 and has now in course of construction a building in which its offices and meeting 
 rooms will belocated, to be known as the Commercial Club Building, which will be ten stories high, cost $400,000, and be the 
 equal of any building of its character in the LTnited States. 
 
 In its brief career the Commercial Club has already gained the confidence and good will of the community, and is looked 
 u])on both in the city and throughout the State as a powerful factor for good in the work of making the most of our great 
 resources and opportunities. In addition to what it is accomplishing otherwise, it has ma])ped out as its next public work the 
 building of a great Music Hall and auditorium to cost $600,000, and to embrace, besides a hall with seating capacity for not less 
 than 4,000 people, a free library, art gallery and .scientific museum. Its success in other enterprises guarantees that it will carry 
 through this beneficial undertaking also. In order to bring this necessarily brief sketch of the history of Louisville up to date. 
 
 JI.MMIMl 
 
 wnmm 
 
 mn, Abraham & Co. 
 
ARTHUR K AYE, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 CHINA, 
 
 I^lagg ar^d 9ar^Gg ©oodg, 
 
 Stock all New and Prices 
 
 Guaranteed the 
 
 Lowest. 
 
 GIVE US A CALL. 
 
 Strangers Always Welcome 
 
 No. 538 FOURTH AVENUE, 
 
 LOUISVILLE. 
 
 -@ 
 
 T. M SWANN. 
 
 Vtf. J ABRAHAM. 
 
 §u;a99, flbrat^am ^^ (^o. 
 
 \>N^ 
 
 ^\^s' 
 
 . TRIMMED . 
 
 ^4 re 
 
 ©HATS. 
 
 STRAW GOODS 
 
 CAPS, o 
 
 W 
 
 0/T\0 
 
 ^'°''«-. Flowers, Um^r«^^*" 
 
 Nos. 601 AND 603 Main Street, 
 
 Opposite Louisville Hotel. 
 
 LOUISiZILLE, KY. 
 
 -@ 
 
»^%<-^, 
 
 Interior View of Wm. Kendrlck's Sons' iewelry Establishment. 
 
 ■i 
 
 we are now compelled to go back some 
 years. March 3, 1870, the Legislature 
 enacted into law a charter framed by a 
 convention elected by the citizens fur 
 that purpose. The new charter, whii li. 
 though framed with so much delibcri- 
 tion, has been interpreted by the courts 
 to be only an amendment of the charter 
 of 1 85 1, made some important changes j 
 in the details of city government, but the . 
 general frame-work remained sulistantially 
 unaltered. Its powers were lodged as j 
 before, in a Mayor elected by the people 
 for three years, and a General Coun< ii 
 composed of a Board of Aldermen con- 
 sisting of one member elected from ea< h 
 ward, and a Common Council consisiiiiL.; 
 of two elected from each ward. The num- 
 ber of wards had gradually been increased 
 to twelve after the adoption of the char- 
 ter of 1 85 1, and has not since been | 
 added to. .Shortly after the new charter 
 went into effect provision was made for 
 a City Hall to replace the dilapidated and 
 inadequate building then occu|)ied, and 
 as a result the present handsome and 
 commoilious edifice was erected. It was 
 completed and went into use in June, 
 
 1873- 
 
 In 1872 the General Council wa$ 
 authorized l)y the Legislature to issui 
 $200,000 in bonds for a new Pest Hous^ 
 
J. M. Robinson. 
 Geo. C. Norton. 
 
 Douglas Barclay. 
 
 G. H. Mourning. 
 Alvah L. Terry. 
 
 IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF- 
 
 Dry Qoods, J^otioris, Etc. 
 
 537, 539, 541 Main Street, cor. Sixth, 
 
 NEW YORK OFFICE. 66 Worth St. 
 
 LOUISi^ILLE, KY. 
 
 RANKINS-SNYOER HARDWARE COMPANY, 
 
 IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 \ 
 
 AGEKCIES: 
 
 Avery and Meikle Plows; American Saw Co.; 
 Sycamore Powder Co.; Howe's Scales; 
 Yale Lock Co.; Morse's 
 Twibt Drills. 
 
 Golgai^'s Taffy Tol^ 
 
 The Original and only Genuine "Taffy Tolu." 
 PLAIN OR MINT FLAVOR. 
 
 Approved by physicians as 
 a relief for Indigestion, Heart- 
 burn, etc ; by dentists for 
 whitening and preserving the 
 teeth. Lyric artists and pub- 
 lic speakers find it invaluable 
 for strengthening and clearing 
 the voice, and thousands quit 
 cigarettes and tobacco by using 
 it as a substitute. 
 
 Each Dozen Packed in a Beautifully Decorated Metal Box. Supplied 
 by all Jobbers. 
 
®- 
 
 -@l 
 
 Alms House, and Work House. The money was absorbed in building the first two, and it was not till 1879 that tin 
 present spacious, well-arranged and handsome Work House was completed. The city maintains a free hospital, provided witli 
 rooms for pay patients, situated on commodious and well-kept grounds extending from Chestnut to Madison, on Floyd. 
 
 Since 1870 it has lieen much enlarged, 
 ment for use as a hospital. It was on 
 the first of July, 1865, that the first 
 boy was received, but by the end of 
 the next year 136 had been entered. 
 An additional building was erected in 
 1S67, and in 1872 the House of Refuge 
 for Girls was built at a cost of $25,000. 
 In 1876 a new chapel was built, and 
 in the same year the House of Refuge 
 for Colored Children was established 
 on the same premises and a suitable 
 building erected. Under the kind and 
 judicious discipline of this institution, 
 hundreds of children who had started 
 on a life of crime have been rescued 
 and reared into self-respecting, self- 
 supporting and useful citizens. 
 
 Before entering upon any de.scrip. 
 tion of the city as it is to-day the his- 
 torical part of this sketch will be com- 
 pleted by figures showing the popula- 
 tion of the city at different periods of 
 its history. Unofficial returns made 
 the number of its inhabitants at the time 
 of the first Federal census in 1790, 200. 
 From that date the official figures are accessible. The population in 1800 was 359. This was exceeded by four other towns in the 
 State— by Paris with 377. by Washington, in Mason county, with 570, by Frankfort with 628, and by Lexington, then the 
 metropolis of the State, with 1,795. Louisville did not catch up with Lexington until a few years after the census of 1820, 
 
 It is an old institution, owing its origin to private liberality in the early days of the city, 
 and is an extensive and imposing build- 
 ing. This institution is well managed 
 and beneficial, but inadequate to the 
 present needs of the city. 
 
 (^ne of the most valuable and 
 creditable of the city municiijal insti- 
 tutions is the House of Refuge, ad- 
 mirably managed for many years as a 
 school of reform for boys and girls. It 
 was originally incorporated by an Act of 
 the General Assembly in 1854, and an 
 ordinance appropriating $60,000 was 
 passed in 1859. The construction of 
 the building was commenced the year 
 after. Ground to the extent of sixty" 
 seven acres at the extreme limits of the 
 city, on Third street, was set apart for 
 the use of the institution; forty acres 
 of this was intended for a park, but it 
 was subsequently put under control of 
 the Board of Managers for such use as 
 the needs of their charge made ad- 
 visable. When war broke out the 
 buildings were nearly completed, and 
 they were appropriated by the govern- 
 
 1 
 
 Carter Brothers & Co. 
 
 (§)- 
 
 I 
 
Carter Brothers ^ Zo. 
 
 Jos. 729, 731 and 733 West Main Street, 
 
 -IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF- 
 
 ^:k 
 
 ^k 
 
 DRY @ GOODS. 
 
 Notions and Gent's Furnishing Goods, 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 NEW YORK OFFICE, 115 Worth Street. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1839. 
 
 S. ' Knott • ^ ' Son4^ 
 
 651 to 557 Fourth Avenue, 
 
 Leai^YmiiE, ky. 
 
 When visiting LouisYille this Fall, 
 you will find our great DRY 
 GOODS STORE crowded with the hest 
 goods at the LOWEST PRICES. 
 
 We are ready to show you a won- 
 derful stock of 
 
 Silks, Dress Goods, Velvets, Cloaks, 
 
 - * Underwear, Hosiery, Gloves, - * 
 
 Flannels, Blankets and Notions. 
 
 You are cordially invited to make, 
 use of our Waiting Rooms. 
 
 -@ 
 
(D- 
 
 :;iiU:i:t3l»:i-l:l:lU!i;k:l:kM:Uk:lila 
 
 l)ut then ])assed ahead of her and has held the foremost ])lace since. The figures at subsequent census periods stood as follows : 
 Population in iiSio, 1,357; in 1820, 4,012; in 1830. 10,352; in 1840, 21,210; in 1850, 43,194; in i860, 68,033; '" 1870, 
 100,753; in 1880, 123,645. 
 
 It will be observed that after 1850 the ratio of increase declined, and was smallest between 1870 and 1880. The figures for 
 the last year created so much dissatisfaction that a special test was made of the Federal figures by direction of the Board of Trade. 
 The test indicated that there was some inaccuracy in the census count, and that the population should have been reported sev- 
 eral thousands larger, but the difference was not enough to justify the expense of making a new 
 < ensus. In fact the most of the jieriod between 1870 and 1880, including as it did the year 
 of the great financial crisis and the series of years of shrinkage and de])ression that followed, 
 was not a period of growth in Louisville. It has been far otherwise in the period that has 
 elapsed since 1880. The compiler of the city directory, taking a very conservative l)asis for 
 calculation, estimates the i)opulation of the city this year to be 188,635. 
 
 In 1S80, the population reported in the census was just two and a half times the number 
 
 <'( names given in his directory for that year, and he has used two and a half as a multiplier 
 
 in his estimates of population ever since. The number of names in the directory for this year 
 
 74.454. The multi]jlier he uses is smaller than that used in other cities. Even by his 
 
 estimate, however, the population has .shown a very gratifying rate of increase. There are 
 
 other data to base an e.stimate on, which show that his calculation is a very conservative one. 
 
 .Some facts which justify the belief that increase of ])opulation has been large are that there has 
 
 been a new railroad added to the trans|)ortation facilities of the city every year since 18S0; that 
 
 the bank clearings. whi( h in that vear amounted to $149,587,212, had by 1888 increased 
 
 !!lj lo $301, 1 59.337 ; tliat during the year ending June i, 1SS9, according to returns collecteil by 
 
 the Commercial Club, there was a net increase of 261 in the number of business establishments 
 
 in l,()uis\ille; that the number of school children reported in 1888 is almost three times as 
 
 many as the number reported in i860, when the population was 68,033; ^^''^^ '" '''"^ J'^^"" 
 
 Hid.iin cr,ni|i.!ni, 1887, se\enty-three, and in the year iS88, eighty-three new manufacturing concerns were 
 
 started in this cilv, and the large increase in new buildings reported annually bv the city engineers department. The \alue 
 
 of all these data, however, will be tested officially next year by the c ensus takers. 
 
 The city of Louisville, as it is to-day, embraces within its corporate limits about twelve and a half scpiare miles ot land. It 
 is situated in latitude v'^°- LS- -^"'1 longitude 85°, 45', at an elevation of 440 feet above the level of the sea. C'hains of hills 
 .shelter it against excessive winds from the northwest, west and south, and destructive storms are almost unknown. Its cli- 
 mate, though somewhat subject to rapid change, is temperate, the cold of winter rarely exceeding the bracing stage, and the 
 
 4 
 
c- H. BLISS. Our Motto: "QUICK SALES AND SMALL PROFITS." 
 
 BLISS, WILSON &CO. 
 
 Importers and Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 D. H. WILSON. 
 
 
 WHITE GOODS, 
 LACES, 
 
 EMBROIDERIES. 
 HOSIERY. 
 GLOVES. 
 YARNS. 
 
 NOTIONS, FHNCY GOODS, Etc. 
 
 ZEPHYRS, 
 RIBBONS, 
 CRASH TOWELING, 
 TABLE LINENS. 
 TOWELS, 
 TOYS. Etc. 
 
 G) 
 
 633 West Miain Street, near Seventh, LOUISVILLE. 
 
 B — Don't fail to give this new and enterprising Cash House an early call. They will make it both pleasant and profitable for you. 
 
 ^'mm. V 0'irie •:• WMMmmm •:• ^o^m^wMmw, 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 JJpf^oI§tepep§' •$• ]\^0tepial§, ^ (Cabinet <&• f^apdwape, 
 
 AND WINDOW SHADE SUPPLIES, 
 
 No. 317 W. Market Street, between Third and Fourth, 
 
 XjOTTIstt-ilXjE, k:-^-. 
 
 Agents for Pawtucket Hair Cloth, Barton's Garnet and American Flint Paper. 
 
heat of summer seldom becoming oppressive. The average yearly temperature is 56.5, ranging from a normal of 34. 2 in 
 January, to a normal of 78.4 in July. 
 
 The earliest plat of Louisville determined the scale upon which the city was laid out. The streets are wide, straight and 
 regular, and the blocks, or siiuares of unusual size, so that most city lots, particularly in the residence portion, extend back 200 
 feet to a twenty-feet alley. Each block is divided into four parts by these alleys, which e.xtend through the city as regularly as 
 
 the streets. The large size of the blocks affords a great deal of air space in their in- 
 teriors, and while it has conduced to the healthfulness of the city, has made water 
 and gas service more expensive. Louisville is pre-eminently a city of homes. This 
 characteristic was early impressed on it. The unusual depth of city lots encouraged 
 the custom of building residences well back from the streets, and the ground in front 
 was utilized for greensward, flower beds and shade. 
 
 A residence street in Louisville presents rather the appearance of a long row of 
 detached villas, surrounded by ornamental grounds, than of an ordinary city street. 
 
 This healthful and attractive arrangement has these 
 drawbacks: It has made the great body of the citizens 
 more indifferent than wise foresight dictated to the 
 necessity of providing the open squares and parks 
 required for beauty and health as the city grew, and 
 it has excited and kept up a sort of emulation in 
 adorning homes, which has led to an undue neglect 
 of the appearance of the business portion of the city. 
 So noticeable have these results been that a distin- 
 guished senator who visited the city soon after the { 
 war, while expressing his surprise at the great number 
 of attractive residences, said that he did not see 
 where the business was done to justify their mainte- 
 nance. A decided change in this respect has mani- 
 fested itself in the last few years. The residences 
 built are more beautiful, and grounds around them 
 are still very attractive, but the business portion of 
 the city is steadily being improved by the erection of 
 
 New Government Building. Corner Fourll, Avenue and Chestnut Street. Substantial business blocks of the finest modem types. 
 
-@ 
 
 (9\ (P) 
 
 \Jur Impontations for ^^r^ 
 
 are now ready for your inspection, ennbrac- 
 ina cQoice, exclusive and correct styles of 
 Ouitinas, I antmns ^'^ yvercoatinas. 
 
 <e. p. U/idmai) 9 <$o. 
 
 TKILORS, — 
 
 448 Jefferson St. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 ©J © 
 
 JDLIDS WINTER & CO. 
 
 S. E. Cor. Tliird and Market Sts. 
 
 Merchant Tailors 
 
 AND 
 
 CLOTHIERS. 
 
 FIRST FLOOR. 
 Ready-made Clothing of their own (Louisville) 
 manufacture for Men, Youths and Children. 
 
 SECOND FLOOR. 
 
 Merchant Tailoring Department, containing the 
 largest and choicest variety of piece goods for 
 Men's wear. 
 
 Lowest Prices. ^^ 
 
 Prompt Delivery. 
 
 Honest Treatment. 
 
The mistake committed in allowing the public grounds, provided for in Gen. Clark's plan of the city, to be sold and built 
 upon is now appreciated. There are no open spaces in the city, except the charming little Central Park in the southern i)or- 
 tion, between Fourth and Si.vth streets, and the small Floral Park adjoining, both of which belong to private owners; Baxter 
 Square, between Eleventh and Twelfth, on Jefferson, which is a part of Clark's original reservation, and was used for years as a 
 burial ground, and the Western Cemetery, also a part of the same reservation. Recently a tract of over three hundred acres, 
 lying several miles south of the city, in its natural features admirably adapted for a suburban park, has been purchased, and a 
 boulevard to connect it with the city is in procress of construction. .\ system of parks worthy of Louisville, and meeting the 
 concurrence of all the citizens, would embrace, besides the one just mentioned, another on the river, in the district between 
 Market and Broadway extended, and still another on the high grounds to the eastward of the old fort on Preston street, all con- 
 nected with each other and with the grounds of the Water Works, which should also be constituted a ])ark, by a sjjacious and 
 well-shaded boulevard. Street railways would bring all these parks, as they will .'ioon bring the one already jnirchased, within 
 easy reach of the population. Such a series of popular pleasure grounds would form a magnificent border to a magnificent city, 
 and kee]) out disease as the walls of old cities kept out their foes. 
 
 The length of streets and alleys (im|)roved) in the city of Lou- 
 isville is, to date : 
 
 Bowlder streets, 15-65 
 
 Mc.\dam " 116.07 
 
 Oranite " 9.08 
 
 .\sphalt " 3.82 
 
 Wood '• 4.59 
 
 Alleys 
 
 Total 149-T-oTr 
 
 Total streets and alleys, i^3-tVt 
 
 Length of streets proposed to be reconstructed, 1889-90: 
 
 Granite, 6^ 
 
 .\sphalt. 3.Jj 
 
 .Vpljroximate cost being $922,780.^^. 
 
 Miles of sewers to date 4^-ts 
 
 Cost, $i.755.4i5-TTny 
 
 Miles of sewers proposed, 1889-90, 9 
 
 Cost (ap])roximate), $300,000. 
 
 There is no law compelling jiroperty owners to take out building jiermits. and conseiiuently many houses are erected which 
 ) not go upon the records of the City Engineer's department. The proportion omitted is about the same, however, from year 
 
 H.C. Dlckins& Co. 
 
-® 
 
 T 
 E 
 A 
 S 
 
 •i- 
 
 H. • C. • DICKINS • S • COMPHNY. 
 
 -MANUFACTURERS OF- 
 
 Flavoring Extracts o.t^. Grocers' Sundries, 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Proprietors of the Celebrated "CROW BAR" Baking Powder. 
 
 Thirteenth and Walniat, 
 
 ROYAL INDIGO BLUE, Best Laundry Blue In Use. 
 
 Louisville, ky. 
 
 Send for Samples and Prices. 
 
 s 
 p 
 I 
 c 
 
 E 
 
 S 
 
 $t|PP^^ 
 
 s 
 
 Combines the juice of the Blue Figs of California, so laxative and nutritious, with the medicinal 
 virtues of plants known to be most beneficial to the human system, forming the ONLY PERFECT REM- 
 EDY to act gently, yet promptly, on the 
 
 Kidneys, Liver and Bowels, and to Cleanse tlie System Etfectually, 
 
 So that pure B ood, refreshing Sleep, Health and Strength naturally follow. Every one is using it, and 
 all are delighted with it. Ask your druggist for SYRUP OF FIC.S. 
 
 MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE 
 
 California fig Syr^P Gonipai^y, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 
 
 NEW YORK, N. Y. 
 
 ■^ 
 
to year, and the following statement will show api^roximately the amount and rharat - 
 ter of new buildings in the last ten years. The values stated are purely arbitrary 
 with applicants for permits, generally giving them as low as possible, so as not to en- 
 couragebigh valuations for assessment. 
 
 DATE. 
 
 HRICK. 
 
 KKAMK. 
 
 ToTAI,. 
 
 AMol'N 1. 
 
 1879 
 
 204 
 
 3'4 
 
 5>« 
 
 $ 650,288 00 
 
 1880 
 
 186 
 
 3'7 
 
 503 
 
 828,852 CO 
 
 1 88 1 
 
 200 
 
 424 
 
 624 
 
 1,384,089 25 
 
 1882 
 
 289 
 
 532 
 
 821 
 
 i-'53-54o 00 
 
 1883 
 
 299 
 
 618 
 
 927 
 
 1,324,468 00 
 
 1884 
 
 301 
 
 669 
 
 970 
 
 1,295.864 00 
 
 1885 
 
 243 
 
 606 
 
 849 
 
 1,160,523 00 
 
 1885 
 
 Permit for 
 
 U. S. Cus 
 
 tom House 
 
 1,000,000 00 
 
 1886 
 
 230 
 
 680 
 
 910 
 
 1,507.368 00 
 
 1887 
 
 275 
 
 577 
 
 «52 
 
 1. 54*^,577 00 
 
 1888 
 
 192 
 
 742 
 
 934 
 
 1,223,047 00 
 
 
 2419 
 
 5479 
 
 7898 
 
 $13,076,616 25 
 
 A. D. 4 F. T. Eisenman. 
 Telephone 434-2, Residence 434-3. 
 
 Louisville has an admirable water su]ii)ly. The Water Works, owned by the city but for convenience managed as an incor- 
 porated com|)any, furnish over 11,000,000 gallons a day, from a magnificent reservoir holding 100,000,000 gallons, divided into 
 two compartments of 50,000,000 gallons each. Besides these, there is a reserve held in a smaller and sejjarate reservoir. C'is- 
 terns, located at convenient jjoints throughout the city, furnish an abundant and accessible supjily for the fire engines. Water 
 is furnished to consumers at reasonable rates, and under the wise irolicy adopted by the com])any, it will be but a few years un- 
 til the prices charged will be merely what is sufficient to cover the cost of conveying it. Besides the Water Works, the city 
 maintains an extensive system of wells and ])um]>s, furnishing am])le supplies to those who do not wish to [lay for water. 
 
 The Fire Department is maintained, which has won a deserved reinitation for efficiency. It is e(|uipped with thirteen 
 steam fire engines of the most ajiproved designs, and with an ample ])rovision of hose anil ladders. The engine-houses are 
 modeled and arranged so as to admit of the promjitest service. A complete fire alarm system has its head(|uarters in the lofty 
 tower of the City Hall. 
 
 The police force is admirably officered and organized, and is maintained in an excellent condition of dis( i]iline and efficiency ; 
 
H. D. S F. T. EISENMHN. 
 
 l/eteripary J^Jf^^ops ^ De9ti5ts, 
 
 Office and Hosmtal^g^EJIain^^auar^bove Gait House, 
 Resiaence^Snniir^Sfree^ 
 
 Residence Teleplione 4-34-3. 
 
 Telephone 434-2. LOUISVILLE. 
 
 - -e^"^ 
 
 Will practice surgery and dentistry within a radius of one hundred miles. 
 
 A new and elegant horse hospital with all modern improvements. Large and conimodius box 
 stalls, well ventilated and fly screened, soaking tubs with hot and cold water appliances, ambulance, etc. 
 
 JOSEPH • DENUNZIO, 
 
 IMPORTER AND JOBBER OF 
 
 Foreign, Tropical and California Fruits and Nuts, 
 
 316 to 322 Jefferson Street, between Third and Fourth, 
 
®- 
 
 it consists at present of a Chief of Police, a Major, or Assistant Chief, four Cajitains ff)r the Eastern Division, and two for tht- 
 U'estern Division of the city, and eight platoons of ])atrolmen, each commanded hy a lieutenant. 
 
 Illuminating gas is furnished by an incorporated company, in which the city owns a large ])roi)ortion of the stock. '! he 
 price of gas to consumers is moderate compared with ])rices elsewhere, and under the contract of the company with the lity. hn-, 
 i)een, and must be, steadily reduced as the cost of manufacture dimini.shes or the jirofits of the com]jany increase. l'"ew cities m 
 the country have been so fortunate as this in arrangements for light. Louisville takes a just pride in her excellent jnibiic schools. 
 Critics whose authority in such matters is recognized, have ranked them only second to those of IJoston. The system embraces 
 a High School for girls and one for boys, graded ward schools and night-schools, .\mple provision is made for the education of 
 colored youth in se])arate schools. .■X High .School, occu|jying one of the handsomest and most commodious school buildings in 
 the State is prcjvided for them, besides excellent schools of lower grade. The provision made for them is in every respect as 
 good as that made for white children. There are in all 35 public schools — 29 for white and 6 for colored |iu])ils. in which 400 
 teachers are employed. During the last school year the enrollment and attendance was as follows: 
 
 
 DAY SCHOOLS 
 
 ENROLLED. 
 
 DAILV ATTENDANCE. 
 
 Whites, 
 
 17,662 
 
 4,58.S 
 1,0^0 
 
 2«5 
 
 13-049 
 3,000 
 
 687 
 
 147 
 
 Colored, . . 
 
 Whites, . . 
 
 .NICHT SCHDOLS. 
 
 ( 'olored 
 
 
 A number of ])rivate .schools of a high order of excellence is maintained in the city. 
 The higher education pro\ ided for in Louisville is exclusively of a ]jrofessional character, 
 except that there is a well-conducted and successful college for colored youth, known as 
 the State L?niversity, which embraces an academic as well as a theological curriculimi. 
 
 Tile I'niversity of Louisville was chartered by the Ceneral .\ssembly of Keiitu< ky, 
 I'cbruary 7, 1S46, with authority to establish all the departments of a University for the 
 promotion of every branch of science, literature and the liberal arts. Only schools of 
 Law and Medicine have been organized under the charter. The building pro\ide(l for the Joseph Denunzic. 
 
 Academic Department is occupied by the boys' High .School. 
 
 The Medical Department has had a highly succe.ssful career, and ranks as one of the leading medical schools in tlie country 
 
 w 
 
s. T7:rE]T"DrE:i5Eii5, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Boots, Shoes 0nd G^aiters, 
 
 720 W. Jefferson Street, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 8^"Boots and Shoes made to order on short notice 
 
 Adolph Mathev. 
 
 Lek Vocel 
 
 DOLPH • MHTHEY • St • Co. 
 
 PROI'KIETORS OF THE 
 
 §apatoga Sample I^oom, 
 
 S. E. Cor. Fifth and Jefferson, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 ]V[EYER 41[^LPP & ^ 
 
 PROPRIETORS OF 
 
 ''J^06lega"3ampfe J^oorrifi), 
 
 218 Fourth Avenue, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 FIHE WIHES AHD WHISKIES. CIGARS 
 AHD TOBACCO. 
 
 SA^s/I RISLEY, NIanager. 
 
 -® 
 
 M. LEWIS CLARK, President. 
 
 B. G. BRUCE, Secretary. 
 
 FALL MEETING COMMENCING 
 
 St^ijrsday. September 19/89. 
 
 Eight o Days o of o Superb o Racing. 
 
 -^ 
 
@- 
 
 Many of its professors have attained more than a national reputation, and the present large and able faculty labor earnestly to 
 maintain the high rejiutation of the school and increase its efficiency. It occupies a handsome building in the heart of the city. 
 Its lecture-rooms, cabinets, library, laboratories and dissecting-rooms are furnished with everything necessary for conveniem t.- 
 and instruction, while its museum, already one of the finest in America, is being constantly added to from various sources. A 
 free Dispensary is maintained, and a new building admirably adapted for its use has recently been erected. 
 
 The Law Department of the University has been in continual ojjeration since its organization under the charter. While 
 
 its lectures have not attracted the 
 large number of students that have 
 attended those of the Medical Fa- 
 culty, it has always maintained a 
 high rejjutation owing to the profes- 
 sional standing of its faculty and 
 the care which they have always 
 e.xercised in conferring degrees, and 
 numbers among its alumni, many of 
 the most distinguished names in the 
 West and South. Louisville is re- 
 cognized as a western center of 
 medical education ; and besides, 
 the Medical Department of the 
 l^niversity, the Louisville Medical 
 College and the Hospital College 
 of Medicine, a department of the 
 Central University of Kentucky at 
 Richmond, have attracted a large 
 number of students to Louisville. 
 
 J. M. Robinson & Co. 
 
 In fact it may be said that the man 
 ufacture of physicians is one of the 
 most ably conducted and flourish- 
 ing industries of Louisville. 
 
 The Baptist Theological Semi- 
 nary, the principal institution for 
 theological education of the South- 
 ern Baptist Church, has beautiful 
 buildings, soon to be added to, and 
 attracts to the city a large number 
 of students of the best class. 
 
 The College of Pharmacy for 
 the instruction of apothecaries and 
 pharmacists, has attained a high 
 rank among institutions of the kind, 
 and is well attended. 
 
 The Kentucky School of 
 Medicine, which gives a spring 
 course of lectures, has a large and 
 able faculty, and helps to strengthen 
 
 Louisville's position as a center of medical education. This, like all the medical schools mentioned, maintains a free dis- 
 l)ensary. The Louisville College of Dentistry, like the Hospital College of Medicine, is a department of the Central Univer- 
 sity of Kentucky at Richmond. It maintains a dental infirmary, open daily and free to the poor, which is attended b_\- the fac- 
 ulty and demonstrators of the college. Though a public library was establi.shed very early in the history of Louisville, and at- 
 tained respectable jjrojjortions, no sufficient funds were provided for sustaining it, and its collection of books was finally scattered. 
 The pulilic libraries now maintained in the city are the Law Library, sustained by the legal profession for its own use, and con- 
 
ESTABLISHED 1833. 
 
 Plioeiiix Foundry 'i W[aGliiiie Worlds. 
 
 C. F. GRAINGER, Sole Proprietor. 
 
 GRHINGER S CO. 
 
 Steam ^^(^i^es ar^d ^ill p^ael^ipery, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Distilleries, Tanneries. Flour Mills, Corn Mills, Steam 
 and Hand-Power Elevators, Etc., Etc. 
 
 HUGH STHFFORD. 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Wtiisly, Pork « Lard Barrels 
 
 J 1 uiii- ui^iv* i^miv.^, 
 
 ALL KINDS OF 
 
 ^COOPERAGE.xa- 
 
 Dealer in all kinds of Staves, 
 Headings and Hoops. 
 
 1221 Reservoir Avenue. 
 
 B"*" All orders promptly attended to. 
 
 ■<§) 
 
 Falls City Steam Bakery, 
 
 ^CANDY > MANUFACTORY,*^ 
 
 Manufacture every Variety of 
 
 Crackers, Fine Cakes, Pure Plain 
 
 Candles, Chocolates, Fine 
 
 French Candles. 
 
 Call or send for Price-List. 
 
 Hail & Hayward Company, 
 
 23B to 239 West Jefferson Street. 
 
 The Right Place to Buy Your 
 
 FURNITURE, CHRPETS, ETC. 
 
 IS AT 
 
 W. B. Trumbo Co.'s New Store, 
 
 934 W. Market Street, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Where everything is new, bright and sparkling. No 
 old or second-hand goods to mar their beauty. Call and 
 see us. 
 
 -<§) 
 
Kenyon Building. 
 
 taining a very complete collection of reports. It is a well man- 
 aged and useful institution. The Polytechnic Society of Ken- 
 tucky, having a charter from the State, maintains a free public 
 library, which is also used, under certain conditions, as a circu 
 lating library. It contains 30,000 volumes, embracing many rare 
 and valuable works. The society also has a very fine collec- 
 tion of fossils and minerals, a museum of curiosities, and an art 
 gallery containing some fine sjjecimens of sculpture and an ex- 
 cellent collection of paintings. The charter and plan of organi- 
 zation of the Polytechnic Society contemplates educational and 
 scientific work in various fields, and with a liberal endowment it 
 can be made a great educational force. As it is, besides main- 
 taining a library, courses of free popular science lectures are 
 given annually. The society owns a handsome and extensive 
 building on Fourth street, but its income is not sufficient to enable 
 it to make the additions to its library and work necessary to 
 their highest efficiency. 
 
 The Kentucky Institution for the Blind, and the Kentucky 
 Institution for the Colored Blind, charities of the noblest de- 
 scription, and admirably managed by the present superintendent, 
 are located here. The blind children of the state are here ed- 
 ucated and trained for lives of usefulness, with rare skill and 
 remarkable success. The American Printing House for the- 
 lilind, endowed by the National Government, is located adjacent 
 1 1 the 151ind Asylum. In it [jrinting for the blind is extensively 
 • arried on, and its work has a high reputation. Other public 
 iiuildings and institutions, lielonging to the (General (Government, 
 which are located here, are the Marine Hospital, for the use of 
 river boatmen, under charge of a regular surgeon of the Marine 
 Hospital Service and an assistant, one of the largest institutions 
 of the kind in the West ; the old Custom House, finished about 
 1852, a large, handsome building on the corner of Third and 
 
-@ 
 
 POWDER 
 
 Pure, palatalile fond and good health of more valn« 
 than rlii'ap ailultfrated goods and ruined digestion. 
 Virgin Baking Powder the purest, strongest and most 
 whi.'leBonif powdi-r iliat it is possible to make. 
 
 Never varies, never disappoints. 
 
 NEAT BROS. A CO., Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Corrvspondetiee desired with live dealers in every 
 town. Will make it to your interest. Write for 
 particulars. 
 
 Sewer PipeiTerra Gotta Works, 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1853. 
 
 P. BANNON, 
 
 MANUFACTURER OF 
 
 Sewer Pipe. 
 
 Fire Clay 
 
 Gtiimney 
 
 Flues. 
 
 Flue Linings. 
 Chimney Tops. 
 
 Fire Brick. 
 
 Boiler Tile. 
 
 Drain Tile. 
 Flower Pots. 
 
 Garden 
 Vases, &c. 
 
 
 J 
 
 Office, 548 Fifth Street, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 FACTORY 13th AND LEXINGTON. 
 
 ■^ 
 
Green streets, occupied by the postoffice, U. S. Courts, offices and other Government departments ; the new Custom House, 
 a much larger and finer building on the corner of Fourth and Chestnut streets, now approaching completion, and to cost, exclu- 
 si\c of the ground, $1,000,000, and the Life Saving Station, established because of the frecjuent loss of life on the falls. 
 
 Louisville is better supplied with charitable institutions than any city of its size in the country. There are thirty-eight of 
 them in all, including St. Joseph's Infirmary, the Church Home and Infirmary, built by the late John P. Morton, the John N. 
 Norton Memorial Infirmary, the Masonic Widows' and Orphans' Home and Infirmary, St. Mary and Elizabeth's Hospital and 
 Infirmary, ten or])han asylums, including one for colored children and one for foundlings, a Home for Friendless Women, and 
 
 1 
 
 a \'oung Woman's Boarding House. The 
 Louisville Charity Organization Society, 
 an admirable association for hel])ing the 
 work of benevolent individuals and insti- 
 tutions, jirotecting them from imposition, 
 helping' the worthy poor to help them- 
 selves, and [jreventing charity from gen- 
 erating pauperism, is a useful aid and 
 complement to the charity work of the 
 city. 
 
 The people of Louisville have always 
 been partial to amusements, and it is a 
 historical fact that the first theater was 
 built before the first church. There are 
 rrow five regular theaters in operation, 
 which furnish every grade of entertain- 
 ment, from cheap minstrelsy and variety 
 shows to the most elaborate histrionic 
 
 R. Knotl&Sons. 
 
 and 0])eratic performances. Open air 
 resorts are not numerous, but the loft\ 
 and breezy terraces of Phcenix Hill Park, 
 and the shaded and river bordered 
 grounds of ?"ountain Ferry Park furnish 
 ( itizens who wi.sh to take their families 
 for a day's or an evening's outing ever)' 
 comfort and convenience with entire 
 safety from unpleasant contact or intru- 
 sion. 
 
 The delay in building the first church 
 has been amply made up. Louisville 
 has now 142 church buildings, many of 
 them tasteful and imposing specimens of 
 ecclesiastical architecture. The list of 
 her clergy now living and those who have 
 adorned her jnilpits in the past embrace 
 many whose names are held in honor all 
 
 I 
 
 over the country for intellectual ability and zeal for religious faith and works of charity and piety. 
 
 The breeding and training of fine horses is a business which has almost been forced on Kentucky by the excellence of her 
 pastures, the character of the water flowing through them and the nature of her climate. The breeding and training of horses 
 has always involved racing. Louisville had a race-course as early as 1831, and on the CJreenwood and Oakland course, in the 
 vicinity of the city, there were some famous contests before the war. The Louisville Jockey Club maintains on Churchill 
 Downs, just south of the city, one of the finest tracks in the country. Meetings in spring and fall draw the liest horses from 
 all the leading stables, and the rigid suppression of all attempts at trickery, the unrelenting punishment of detected fraud, the 
 
 4. 
 
 il 
 
Monogram Work, 
 
 School 
 
 — AND — 
 
 Society Medals. 
 
 LOUISVILLE.KY: 
 
 Complicated Watch 
 
 Music Box 
 
 Repairing, &c. , &c. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1836. 
 
 The Joseph Mitchell Boiler Yhrd. 
 
 Builder • of • Steam • Boilers, 
 
 C. J. MHLTON. Proprietor. 
 
 1219 W. Main Street, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 <0) 
 
@- 
 
 careful maintenance of good order and decorum on the grounds, and the spirit of gentlemanly honor and courtesy which has 
 characterized the present management, have made the Louisville Jockey Club one of the foremost associations of the kind in the 
 world. 
 
 The military spirit of the city is represented by the Louisville Legion, six infantry companies and one battery, constituting 
 the first regiment of the Kentucky State Guard, and the Louisville Light Infantry, an independent company. These commands 
 are maintained in an excellent state of military efficiency, and exert a strong influence in behalf of law and order. The Legion 
 
 ., ,...,,., ..^ has been frequently called on for service in differ- 
 
 ,^U- ^X, ent parts of the .State, and has always borne itself 
 
 ^rx _^ \ in a way to add to its soldierly reputation. It 
 
 took part in the great parade in New York in honor 
 of the inauguration of the government under the 
 Constitution, and attracted very complimentary 
 attention. It is a public-spirited organization, and 
 on all occasions of civic display lends the aid of 
 its presence to the pageant. Louisville has a good 
 number of musical societies, the oldest and largest 
 of which is the Liederkranz, embracing within its 
 membership a large portion of the best German 
 population. The Musical Club, a younger organi- 
 zation than the Liederkranz, is like that body in 
 giving the public the benefit of its studies by hold- 
 ing regular concerts. 
 
 The city has several well-organized and su( 
 cessful social clubs. The oldest and leading one 
 is the Pendennis, which has a targe membership 
 senn & Ackermanns Lager Beer Brewery. among those most prominent in the business and 
 
 social circles of the city. It owns a handsome building, formerly one of the finest residences in the city, on a large lot, se- 
 curing ample room around it, and situated conveniently between the business and residence portion of the city. The Standard 
 Club was organized by the Hebrew element of Louisville society. It also owns its own house, which includes a handsome hall 
 for theatrical entertainments and balls. The Kentucky Club is composed of a younger element than those comjjrising the Pen- 
 dennis membership. The University Club is a new organization comijosed of college men. The Brownson Club was organized 
 by Roman Catholics, and the (iarfield Club by republicans. 
 
 — ( 
 
 i 
 
-© 
 
 Sole Agent for the Celebrated 
 
 Dunlap Hats, New York, ^ Christy Hats, London. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 to 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 «*. 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 ' o 
 
 ■ 
 
 <:3 :*: 1 
 
 "SS 
 
 !^ 
 
 S: 
 
 00 
 
 03 
 
 T3 
 
 Co 
 
 «3 
 
 Qa 
 
 
 LOUISVILLE 
 
 -THI'. BEST STOCK OF- 
 
 3: ^ 
 
 Co ^ 
 
 Co 
 
 3 
 =5- 
 
 Ladies' Fine Sealskin Garments, Ladies' and Ciiildren's Fine Fnrs. 
 
 Hrthur Peter St Co. 
 
 (EstaUlished 1S17 ) 
 
 IftjolesDle Druggists Qijd Importers, 
 
 Nos. 716 and 718 Main Street, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 •^CHILLS.H^ 
 
 Wintersmith's Tonic Syrup or Improved Chill Cure. The most 
 successful remetly (or Fever and Ague ever known. Prevents "Ma- 
 laria" in its various forms. Contains no (Juinine, Arsenic, nor any 
 deleterious substance whatever. Arthur Pkikr & Co., Wholesale 
 Agents, Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Headquarters for French, German, English and Ameri- 
 can Laboratory Products of Guaranteed Thera- 
 peutic Value and Standard Requirements. 
 
 RENZ& HENRY. 
 
 Established 1832. 
 
 Drug ® Importers, 
 
 •^iFINS • CH6MICHLS,-i^ 
 
 New^ Remedies, Reagents, Es- 
 sential Oils, Botanical 
 Goods, Etc. 
 
 PURVEYORS OF 
 
 Chemists,' Assavers.' Photographers,' 
 
 Druggists , ' Experimenters , ' Distillers ' 
 
 and Microscopists' Laboratory Supplies. 
 
 We stock a large assortment of Dressings and Appliances 
 for Invalid, Surgeon, Physician, Hospital, Asylum, Sick 
 Room, Accident and Office Purposes. 
 
 LOUISiZILLG, KY. 
 
A great numlier of benevolent orders and secret societies, with various objects, flourish in Louisville. The city is uniisualU 
 well sup])lied with street railway facilities, and a system of transfers enables passengers to reach any ]Ktrt of the city for one t'lve- 
 cent fare. An electric railway was recently opened from one end of the city to the other, and has proven very successful. The 
 drawing of street-cars by animal power will everywhere be abandoned in the course of a few years. 
 
 The financial condition of the city governinent is .sound and good. The funded debt on the ist of January, 1889, amounted 
 to $8,189,000, to meet the principal and interest of which there is provided a sinking fund, with assets of $3,206,459.45, and a 
 cash annual income of over $700,000. A portion of the assets consists of unavailable property, such as the wharf and stock in 
 the Water Works, but the assets convertible into cash are worth more than a million and a quarter of dollars. The net income 
 fakes care of tlje interest, and will provide for the principal long before it is due. Four-per-cent bonds of the city were mostly 
 sold slightly above par; they should have brought a higher price in comparison with the bonds of other cities. Louisville's finan- 
 cial condition is excellent, but her credit has been injured by extravagant statements about municipal expenses and the danger 
 from them. 
 
 The assessed valuation of property for taxation for the present year is 
 $72,663,234. Since the i)re.sent law went into effect in 1885 there has been 
 a steady increase each year in the assessments, beginning in 1885 with 
 $62,763,461. The revenue for this year amounted to $1,403,525.75, of 
 which $412,525 goes to the sinking fund. The tax rate for the year is 
 $2.02 on the $100, which is lower than it has been for years. 
 
 The transportation facilities of Louisville are excellent; situated on 
 the Ohio, one of the finest rivers on the globe, boats from her wharves can 
 visit thirty navigable rivers. Navigation of the Ohio for more than two 
 years past has been uninterrupted by drought or frost, and the steamers of 
 the |)acket lines have made their regular trips without interrujjtion during 
 that time, a fact un])recedented in the history of river navigation. As has heretofore 
 boating has declined — only two regular lines of packets sail from this [lort — one to Cincinnati and one to Henderson. The river 
 commerce, however, still continues very large, though confined mostly to freighting, the railroads having taken the passenger 
 business, and the freighting is done largely in barges towed by tugs or steamboats. 
 
 The railroad system of Louisville, the beginning and early progress of which has been described on a preceding page, has 
 lieen greatly developed in the last four years, and valuable additions to it are in progress. The chief element in it is the Louis- 
 ville & Nashville system, which has been to Louisville what the Pennsylvania road has been to Philadeljjhia, and the Baltimore 
 (.V Ohio to Baltimore. It is the most extensive system centering at Louisville, and its lines reach into the heart of the region 
 with which Louisville does the most of her trade. It owns or controls a main line to New Orleans, passing through Nashville, 
 
 Kentucky Malting Co.'s Elevator. 
 
 been noted, the business of steam- 
 
-® 
 
 Bypqe ^ Speed, 
 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 
 
 COHL 
 
 
 -DEALERS.- 
 
 Pittsbumh, Kanawha, © o 
 
 o o Kentuck y. Anthracite . 
 
 J. B. Speed. 
 J. P. Byrne. 
 A. P. Speed. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICES, I4ih and Canal ; 6th and River; Floyd and River: Kentucky, bet. 13th and 14th Sts. 
 MAIN OFFICE, No. 415 Jefferson Street, XjOXTIS'^T-IXjX-E, 121 "Z". 
 
 The Whlton Cokl Co. 
 
 453 Jefferson St., between Fourth and Fifth, N. S. 
 
 DEALERS IN BEST ORAOE 
 
 Pittsburgh, Jetlico. Kentuctzy and Anthracite 
 
 ^cqhls 
 
 Screened for Family Use. 
 
 Superior Quality and Full Weight Guaranteed. 
 
 Telephone S78, Ring 3. 
 
 H. W. WALTON, Manager. 
 
 Jos. • Whlton • S • Co. 
 
 MINERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 »") 
 
 lU) 
 
 '') 
 
 Screened for Family Use. 
 
 Celebrated "Old Lee Anthracite" at Lowest Market Prices. 
 Family Coal a Specialty. 
 
 MAIN OFFICE, 213 Third Street, near Main. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICE and YARD. Hancock and Main Streets. LANDINGS. Foot of 
 Floyd. Sixth, and Preston Streets. 
 
 Telephone 35, Ring 2, and 1019, Ring 2. 
 
 -© 
 
Decatur, Birmingham, Montgomery and Mobile; its branches or tributary lines extend to Cincinnati, Knoxville, Chattanooga. 
 Atlanta. I'ensacola and Florida points, Florence, Memphis and St. Louis outside of Kentucky, while within the State they con 
 nect l>ouisville with Covington, Newport, Lexington, Frankfort, Shelby ville, Hloomfield, Bardstown, Springfield. Pineville. 
 Middlesboro, Bowling Green, Russellville, Owensboro, Hopkinsville, Henderson, and other of the most important towns of ihu 
 State. It spreads out southward like a great hand, with its fingers reaching out in all directions tor trade. It has a handsome 
 building for its main offices on Main and Second, and is now erecting a new passenger depot suitable for its business at Broad- 
 way and Tenth street. Its new branch to Pineville and Middlesboro begins the development of a great mineral and timber 
 region until recently inaccessible; the Kentucky Midland, in course of construction from Frank- 
 fort eastward, through the heart of the bluegrass and into the heart of the cannel coal 
 region, will be a valuable feeder to it; its new line through Powell's Valley may develop in a 
 new route from Louisville to tide-water, at Norfolk ; Middlesboro, or Pineville promises to 
 rival Birmingham as a furnisher of traffic, and the new mineral road in Alabama and the new 
 branch to Sheffield will add largely to its freight tonnage. The growth of business has made 
 necessary the building of double tracks on its lines near Louisville, east and south, and near 
 Nashville, on the north side. As this great corporation prospers, increases its facilities and ex- 
 tends its lines, Louisville will broaden her boundaries and find new customers for her goods. 
 The Chesapeake & Ohio, reaching from the Ohio river to tide-water at Newport News, 
 running over its own and leased lines to Lexington and Newport, comes into Louisville 
 over the lines of the L. & N., giving her a short route to the famous watering jilaces in 
 the \'irginia mountains, to the National Capitol and to the sea-shore. The Newport News & 
 Mississippi Valley, the name of the Chesapeake & Ohio system till of late, now extends as an 
 inde|)endent line westward to Paducah, then to Mem])his, and thence by a road under 
 the same control, through the rich river region of Mississippi to New Orleans. The 
 Louisville Southern railway, a valuable recent acquisition to the railway system of the 
 city, connects Louisville with the Cincinnati Southern, giving a competing line to Chatta- 
 nooga, Knoxville and Birmingham, and a third line to New Orleans. Extensions of the 
 
 Louisville Southern have given a new line t^o Lexington, and will soon ojien to Louisville business the rich bluegrass 
 country about Richmond, and the mineral wealth about the Three Forks of the Kentucky. The Kentucky Union rail- 
 way, which has its headquarters in Louisville, may be considered as part of its railway system. It is in ])roce.ss of construction 
 from Lexington through the famous Red river iron region, and thence through the middle of the eastern mineral region of the 
 State, tapping the finest cannel coal deposits in the world, and the greatest untouched body of hardwood timber in the United 
 States. Its business can reach Louisville over either the Louisville & Nashville or the Louisville Southern. Extending down 
 
 Louisville Banking Co. 
 
-© 
 
 E. W. HERMAN, PRESIDENT. 
 
 J. H PANK. Secy and Treas. 
 
 K6NTUCKY MhLTING Co. @ 
 
 CHOICE 
 
 Brewers' Malt 
 
 A SPECIALTY. 
 
 CHOICE 
 
 Distillers Malt 
 
 A SPECIALTY. 
 
 OFFICE. ■ MALT ■ HOUSE ■ and ■ ELEVATOR, ■ Corner ■ Thirteenth ■ and ■ Maple ■ Streets. 
 
 =LOUISVILLE, KY.= 
 
 OUR WESTERN MANUFACTORY: 
 J. H. RANK & CO., Clybourn IPlace Bridge, CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 -@ 
 
®- 
 
 the river, between it and the Newport News & Mississippi Valley road, it passes through the new natural gas region, and fur 
 nishes a long-desired, close connection with the flourishing'river towns of Cloverport, Harrisville, Owensboro and Henderson. 
 
 A branch to Hardins- 
 
 burg and Falls of Rough 
 will increase its value 
 and usefulness. 'Ihc 
 Louisville &: Harrods 
 Creek road, extending 
 u]) the river, operated 
 by the Louisville iV 
 Nashville, opens to the 
 inhabitants of Louis\ ilk- 
 g^ a region admirably adap 
 ted for surburban resi- 
 dence. Besides the great 
 bridge over the river, 
 whose construction has 
 been recorded, another, 
 the Kentucky and In- 
 diana Bridge, has been 
 built between Louisville 
 and New Albany. It is 
 a C'antalever bridge, antl 
 one of the largest of its 
 class. .\ third bridge 
 over the ri\er from Lou- 
 is\ille to Jeffersonville 
 is under contract, and 
 
 when finished will prob 
 Mount St. Benedict Academy. Portland. ,^1,,^ j^^^ ^^ j^^ ^.^^^^. 
 
 construction of the projected Louisville & Dayton road. North of the ri\er the Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis 
 railroad, whose construction has been before referred to, brings into Louisville the great Pennsylvania system to which it now 
 
 Ji 
 
§)- 
 
 -@ 
 
 HARRY WILCOX 
 
 IT'S a.3a.d. XTS S^oiartlj. .A.-ve33.-a.e, 
 
 XjO^d-is-^ix-IjE, i^-sr. 
 
 -SOLE AGENT- 
 
 Pabst Bn^u;i9(^ (^ompapy, /T)ilu/aijl^^^, U/i5. 
 
 specialties: 
 
 BOHyniAN^XPOl^^ BARLEY MEAD, For Nursing Mothers and Invalids. 
 
 OSCAR BRAUNSTEIN, SOLICITOR. 
 
 FRANK SENN. 
 
 PH. ACKERMAN. 
 
 V PROPRIETORS 'f 
 
 •lllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll- 
 
 lldiil Street Breweru, 
 
 •■iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiK 
 
 1710 to 1720 West Main St. 
 
 LOUISVILLE. 
 
belongs. The Ohio & Mississippi comes in over its own branch Hne ; west of that is the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, 
 known as the Monon route, and now the lessee of the Louisville Southern; and still west of that enters the Louisville, Evans- 
 ville & .St. Louis. Over these numerous lines the merchants and manufacturers of Louisville can draw their sii])])lies and ship 
 their goods from and to all parts of the country. Trains passing every half hour over the two bridges connect the flourishini,' 
 cities of New .\ll)any and |effers(jnville with Louisville, carrying passengers for the same fare charged l)y the street railways. 
 
 The banking facilities of Louisville ane excellent, twenty-one incorporated banks having a paid-up capital of $9,326,cSoo, an 
 aggregate surplus of $3,551,252, and at the last report a combined net deposit of $22,505,000 furnish liberal accommodations 
 to her trade. A new bank, to have a capital of $500,000, is in ])rocess of organization. There are three jirivate banking 
 houses in addition to the incorporated institutions. The banks of Louisville have always been conservatively managed, and have- 
 deservedly won a high reputation for stability and security. The fol- 
 lowing record, from the reports of the Louisville Clearing House, — -— — • — ^ — ,. . ■.,,.. . . .^■. ^ ■^,.,.,. .^- _. .. . ,, -, ..>. . ..>, -n:^ 
 
 shows the growth of the banking business, and reflects the general 
 i^rowth in the commerce of the city: 
 
 .Xnniial Clearings, 1880 $149,587,212 
 
 " " 1881, 198,170,532 
 
 " " 1882, 193,667,491 
 
 1883, 224,845,981 
 
 " " 1884, ... .... 211,062,250 
 
 " 1885, 217,748,602 
 
 1886 233,311,327 
 
 1887, 281,110,581 
 
 188S, 301.159.337 
 
 'ihe clearings so far this year indicate a total for the year of 
 $350,000,000 against $108,219,933, for 1878, showing that the clear- 
 ings have more than trebled in the course of ten years. 
 
 Louisville's supremacy as a tobacco market is demonstrated by the record of the sales at her seventeen warehouses, and is rec- 
 ognized throughout the commercial world. The f;ict that on her breaks can be found ample supplies of all kinds of tobacco, the 
 burley in its [lerfection and all grades of dark, an advantage that no other market possesses, makes it the favorite resort of buyers, 
 and where the buyers congregate the market is liuilt u|). The great manufacturers all over the country and the g()\ernments 
 which control the tobacco supiily of their nations, all have their regular rejjresentatives in this market. The tobacco warehousse. 
 for a long time little more than rough but spacious sheds, are now all substantial structures, well arranged for convenience ot 
 handling the bulky hogsheads in which the rich leaf is packed, and several of them are very handsome buildings, which would 
 
 The Currie Fertilizer Co. 
 
-© 
 
 E stab lissh ed 1865. Incorp orated 1887- 
 
 (q) a o HOMEo industry. (5) 
 
 Tlie Currie Fertilizer Co. 
 
 Corner Washington and Buchanan Streets, 
 
 L.OTLIISVILLK, KY. 
 
 ,o O Works at South Louisville, Covering 30 Acres. Annual Capacity, 35,000 Wagons. O o 
 
 The Premium "Old Hickory" Farm Wagons. 
 
 j FREIGHT ifl^HGONS, 
 
 ! LUMBER WAGONS, LOG WAGONS, Etc. 
 
 MANUFACTURED BY 
 
 KentiiclcyWapnMTgCo. 
 
 LOUISVILLE. KY. 
 
 BgT'Sencl for Illustr.itcil Catalogue. 
 
ornament the finest commercial thoroughfare. In 1888 l^ouisville handled 56 per cent of the whole western tobacco crop. In 
 1885 a great industrial jjarade took place on September 17th, to celebrate the fact that the sales of that year had reached 100,000 
 hot;sheads, at that time an unprecedented number. Miles of attractive floats were drawn through the city on that occasion through 
 streets thronged with thousands of spectators. The sales went on, and before the year closed reached 127,046 hogsheads. That 
 great number has since been surpassed, one season's sales exceeding 135,000 hogsheads, or about 170,000,000 pounds. The 
 
 development of Lou- 
 isville's tobacco 
 market haske])tpa( e 
 with the growth of 
 the city, and its great 
 extension in later 
 vears has been due 
 to the extension of 
 its transportation fa- 
 cilities. The early set- 
 tlers coming, many 
 of them from Vir- 
 ginia, brough t the 
 ( ultivation of tobacco 
 with them, and a to- 
 bacco warehouse was 
 one of the earliest 
 business features of 
 the town of Louis- 
 ville. There was a 
 log warehouse at the 
 mouth of Beargra>- 
 
 Works of the Kentucky Wagon Manufacturing Co. 
 
 in 1795, ^'^"^ which the Legislature provided rules for inspection. Col. John Campbell had one at an early day, which stood on 
 the river bank, opposite Corn Island, at which inspection was stopped 'in favor of the warehouse at the mouth of Beargrass. In 
 182 1 a new ins])ection was established on the lot of \V. H. Booth, to be known as " Booth's Inspection," and to be governed b\ 
 the same rules as other inspections in the State. In 1837 the total receipts were 2,133 hhds. By 1857 they had risen to 9,01 2 
 hhds. The increase has been regular and steady since then up to the present time. 
 
CITY BREWERY. 
 
 FRHNK FEHR, Proprietor. 
 
 F. F. X. L. and lager Beer. 
 
 420 to 440 E. Green, and 415 to 431 Marshall Sts. 
 
 We Challenge the World to Produce a Purer or Better 
 
 Article. 
 
 SOLICITORS: 
 
 John F Kellner. 
 H. J. Monsch. 
 
 OFFICERS: 
 
 J Geo. Ruckstuht 
 Jno. Helmus. 
 
 Clerks: 
 G. A Ehrmann 
 John Stagner. 
 
 P.WEBER. 
 
 Presidfiit. 
 
 TRED. WEHRLE, 
 
 / 'Fresitiettt. 
 
 W.A.WEBER. 
 
 Secy atnl Tfi-as. 
 
 PlioepJiGwiiGoiiipeii 
 
 BREWERS OF- 
 
 =:LOUISyiLLE, KY. 
 
 Telephone 225, Ring 4. 
 
 Hr.-incli Office 225, Ring 2. 
 
 ■^ 
 
®- 
 
 4 
 
 The tobacco dealers have their own Board of Trade or Exchange, in which buyers and narchoui-en:en are ei|uital)ly re])re- 
 sented, and which regulates the methods by which dealings shall be conducted. Daily auction sales are held in ea< h warehouse, 
 the auctioneers, buyers and sellers proceeding from one to another, according to an established order. 
 
 The tobacco business of Louisville is not confined to sales of the leaf. The manufacture of plug tobacco is carried on 
 e.xtensively. There are several large establishments whose favorite brands are well known throughout the whole country, and 
 whose business has grown to 
 large dimensions. Popular 
 brands of smoking tobacco are 
 also manufactured. 
 
 Louisville is the natural 
 jjlace for the manufacture of 
 plug tobacco. The sujjiily 
 of leaf in every desired variety 
 and (|uality is here, the facili- 
 ties for manufacturing cheajily 
 here are as good as elsewhere, 
 and the great market for con- 
 sum|)tion is as near to Louis 
 ville, and as accessible from 
 here as from any place. 
 
 The inevitable tendency 
 is for Louisville to become 
 the great tobacco manufactur- 
 ing |Kiint. Stripping and re- 
 handling tobacco for export is 
 largely carried on here also. 
 
 The tobacco of this state 
 
 is not adapted for use in cigars. 
 
 but there are numerous citrar ,., , ,.,,., t d .... jc . /^ 
 
 t^ Works of the W. T. Pyne Mill and Supply Company. 
 
 factories here, and a number 
 
 of them have established brands and do an e\tensi\e business. The following figures, olitaineil I'mni the office of tlie Collector of 
 
 Internal Revenue, give totals for the whole revenue district, but the amount of businessdone outside of Louisville is inconsiderable : 
 
oooooooo 
 
 We also keep in Stock and Ship on 
 Short Notice: 
 
 STEAM PUMPS, 
 STEAM GAUGES, 
 INSPIRATORS, 
 
 BRASS FITTINGS, 
 MILL PICKS, 
 PIPE, 
 GLOBE VALVES, 
 SPROCKET CHAIN, 
 SPROCKET WHEELS, 
 GOVERNORS, 
 
 LEATHER BELTING, 
 RUBBER BELTING. 
 PACKING, 
 
 CYLINDER AND 
 ENGINE OIL, 
 WOOD COGS, 
 WOOD TANKS, 
 LACE LEATHER. 
 
 oooooooo 
 
 W. T. PYNK 
 
 l^ond'Suil^ 
 
 Ul 
 
 MiLLiflZRIGHTS knd MACHINISTS. 
 
 Nos. 1107 to 1119 W. Main Street, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 
 Respectfully call your attention to the fact that they build and sup- 
 ply Distilleries and Grain and Flour Mills with* Rolls, Grain Mills, En- 
 gines and Boilers, new or second-hand. We keep in machine shop 
 expert machinists to bore out Cylinders and refit Engines, repair all 
 kinds of Steam Pumps, Inspirators, Governors, Mill Picks, Brass Fit- 
 tings, &c. Over twenty years' experience, being a guarantee of per- 
 fect work. 
 
 We cordially invite you to visit us while in the city, or write for 
 catalogue and prices 
 
 -@ 
 
U. F. AVERY & SONS' PLOW WORKS. 
 
-# 
 
 F. AVERY & SONS 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Cast Plows. 
 Chilled Plows. 
 Steel Plows. 
 Sulky Plows. 
 Gang Plows. 
 Railroad Plows. 
 Cotton Planters. 
 
 Plows i^ultivating Implements 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 "BLUEGRASS SULKY PLOW." 
 
 Hillside Plows. 
 New Ground Plows. 
 Double Shovel Plows. 
 Cultivators. 
 Potato Diggers. 
 Harrows. 
 Steel Single and 
 Double Trees, Etc. 
 
 -® 
 
@) 
 
 Number of tobacco factories, 22 Number of cigar factories, 85 
 
 Product last fiscal year, 13,695,941 Product in last fiscal year, pounds, . . . 20,007,350 
 
 Tax collected in fiscal year, $1,075,675.28 Tax collected last fiscal year, $60,022.05 
 
 ( )ne of the earliest to assume prominence among the industries of Louisville was that of pork-packing. It was, before tlu 
 war, easily the most im]jortant commercial interest in the city. For some years Louisville then carried on a hopeful contest for 
 supremacy in that line, and the business reached its climax in 1853-4, when the season's packing amounted to 407,775 hogs. In 
 the season of 1881-2 the packing amounted to 309,261, and the business continues to hold an important rank, though the num- 
 ber of hogs killed has not since reached the figures given above. The opening of the great prairies of the West, and the vast 
 and cheap production of Indian corn in that region has carried the great centers of the pork-jiacking business to farther western 
 cities, and the provision trade of Louisville has assumed a different character. The extensive railroad and transportation facilities 
 of Louisville, reaching out as they do into a country unparalleled for productiveness in the world by any region of the same area, 
 naturally make it the packing point for the surplus hogs of a large and prosjjerous farming community and its facilities for dis- 
 tributing the hog ])roduct to the markets which consume them most liberally are only e(iualed by its facilities for gathering in 
 the hogs. 
 
 In addition to and in conjunction with the killing and packing of hogs, Louisville does a large and growing business in cur- 
 ing bacon, and Louisville-cured hams and breakfast bacon are known to epicures all over the world. Besides curing those 
 ])roducts of the hogs killed here, large quantities are imported for curing ])urposes from the leading packing points in the \Vest. 
 
 Another historical industry of Louisville, and peculiar to it, is the manufacture of hydraulic cement. The natural cement 
 rock crops out with the rocky barrier which forms the falls and is mined in the bed of the river, and has been uncovered at sev- 
 eral ])oints adjacent to the city. Cement from this rock was first manufactured as a business in 1830, by John Hulme, at Shi])- 
 pingport, for use in the construction of the locks of the canal around the Falls, and the manufacture at that point has been con- 
 tinued ever since. Some years subsei|uent to this date a mill was erected on the Indiana side at the foot of the Falls. The 
 cement was used in a limited way throughout the Western States in the construction of various jHiblic works, imtil the outbreak 
 of the war, by which time the annual jiroduct had increased to about 65.000 l)arrels. From that time the use of cement has 
 steadily increased until the ])resent time, when there are nine mills, the output of which amounted, in 1888, to 1,100,000 bar- 
 rels. These mills are not all in the immediate vicinity of the city, but they are united in an association whose headipiarters are 
 in ihe ( ity, and all o( their affairs are managed from here. The increased use of the cement has been followed by a very great 
 reduction m the cost of manufacture and in the selling puce. During the war the cement was sold at about $3 per barrel; now 
 the market price is considerably below $1 per barrel. The cement is sold in all the principal markets of the Northwest, West, 
 and South. Most of the water works, bridges, custom houses and sewerage systems in the West and South are constructed 
 with Louisville cement, and its uniform quality and high tensile and cornpressive strength have established for it a standard repii 
 tation among the engineers and architects of the country, while its cheapness, compared with the artificial cements of good (jual 
 
 3« 
 
S. J. HOBBS. 
 
 PINK VARBlE.JR. 
 
 S. J. Hobbs & Go. 
 
 Rehl- Esthte. 
 
 n 
 
 McCREn • 5 • CO. 
 
 -BROKERS IN- 
 
 Craiij.Prouisions, JtoGh.#Cottoii, 
 
 216 West Main Street, 
 
 Telephone 1337 Ring 1. 
 
 LOUISiilLLE. KY. 
 
 Orders for the Purchase or Sale of Wheat, Corn, Pork and Short Rihs 
 
 in Chicago, and of Stocks, Cotton and Oil in New York, 
 
 for future delivery, promptly executed. 
 
 210 FIFTH STREET. 
 
 UP STAIRS. 
 
 «»-D 
 
 ally Market Report Mailed on Appllcatlon.-W 
 
 -% 
 
ity, renders it a very valuable building material in the wide scope of country through which it can be easily distributed. All oT 
 the mills of the association are located immediately upon the river, or upon the railroads leading to the north of it, so that shiji- 
 jjing facilities are secured upon the best terms in every direction. 
 
 Louisville early became an imjjortant distributing point for dry-goods, and her early merchants pushed their business with 
 energy in all quarters to which their meagre transportation facilities allowed them access. The number of jobbing houses was 
 at one period very much greater than at present, but the trade of the few is much greater and more extensive than was that of 
 the many. Trade has become concentrated in fewer hands, and the notion business, formerly carried on as part of the dry-goods 
 trade, is now conducted as an entirely different line. Full lines both of drv goods and notions are now carried in this market. 
 
 and merchants who formely had to 
 go East to fill their stocks, can now 
 complete them here in every line. 
 The dry-goods and notion trade of 
 Louisville now sell to Kentucky, 
 Southern Indiana and Southern Illi- 
 nois, Tennessee, Alabama, Missis- 
 sipjji, .-\rkansas, Northern Texas and 
 Northern Louisiana, and to a less 
 e.xtent in Northern (ieorgia and 
 Western Louisiana. The great 
 Southern Exposition of icSSj, oper- 
 ated to bring many southern mer- 
 chants to this market who had never 
 visited it liefore and made known 
 to them for the first time its facil- 
 
 Wood-Haworth Co.'s Soap Factory. 
 
 ities for supjjlying their demands. 
 The dry-goods trade is in a very 
 sound and healthy condition, and 
 there has been less financial trouble 
 in that branch of business for many 
 years than in almost any other. 
 The annual sales of dry goods and 
 notions aggregate now about $io,- 
 000,000. This does not include the 
 manufacture and sale of jeans cloth- 
 ing which is <arried on here as a 
 Ncparate branch of trade. In view 
 of the importance of Louisville 
 as a dry-goods market, the fact 
 that the city has no mill for the 
 manufacture of cotton cloths, when 
 
 it has such facilities for getting the raw material cheaply, and for economical manufacturing, has long been the subject of com- 
 ment. A cotton mill has, it is true, been recently put in operation, but it does not yet make cloths. 
 
 The sale of drugs and medicines has long been an important part of the business of this city. Louisville is now, as it has | 
 been for many years, one of the best drug markets in the country. The prominence of the city as a center of medical educa-i 
 tion and the consequent gathering here of a large number of physicians and chemists, learned in therapeutics, has had the effect' 
 of putting at the head of the drug trade here, men who were not only ca,pable as merchants, but especially qualified as druggists, 
 and who have kept this market in the front rank for fair dealing and pure goods. In a kindred department of trade, the manu- 
 facture and sale of proprietary medicines, a large and very successful business has heen done here, and several great fortunes ^ 
 have been derived from that source. I 
 
D. M. WOOD, Preit. H. M. WOOD, V-Prest. W. L. HAWORTH. Secy. 
 
 Mfood-jjiawort^) ^ompapy, 
 
 MAKERS OF 
 
 Standard and Reliable Brands of Laun- 
 dry and Toilet 
 
 c«> 
 
 SOSPS^ 
 
 Having recently added the Latest and 
 St ImproYed Machinery and Methods, 
 .. J are noTW producing a Superior Qual- 
 ity of Soap. Send for Catalogue. 
 
 1200, 1202 atid 1204 Seventh St. 
 Corner of Cawthorn Street. LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 -ESTABLISHED 1 838.- 
 
 National * Soap. 
 
 Is made of Pure and Sweet Materials, 
 and, heing absolutely pure, is really 
 the Cheapest Soap you can use in the 
 Laundry. 
 
 It will not injure the most delicate 
 fabric, and is a good Bath Soap 
 
 It is made by 
 
 Cgrnmhll St Bro. 
 
 MANUFACTURtnS OF 
 
 Candies, Laundry and Fine Miiied Toiiet Soaps, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 -@ 
 
®- 
 
 The wholesale grocery trade, like the dry goods trade, has become concentrated in fewer hands. It was a leading feature 
 in the early commercial history of Louisville, but though the aggregate of its operations has increased just as the size of the 
 city has, it has not maintained its relative importance as a branch of local trade. Large stocks of New Orleans sugars and 
 molasses were formerly carried here, and wholesale grocers continue, as in the ]jast, to import coffees direct. The trade is in a 
 \ery satisfactory condition. A large scope of country finds Louisville the most convenient ])oint for getting supplies and stocks, 
 
 and ]jrices are kept so as to hold the dealers, who would naturally seek this market, 
 entirely satisfied to continue their trade with it. 
 
 Before referring to any of the manufacturing industries of Louisville, its advantages 
 in the matter of fuel supjjly should be noted. The Ohio river brings to this point the fme 
 steam-producing coal of the Pittsburgh region, a distance of 600 miles, at a cost for trans- 
 portation of from 40 to 53 cents per ton. Owing to its position at the falls and the good 
 harbor here for coal craft at all seasons this is made the distributing point for Pittsburgh 
 coal to Southern points. M least 40,000,000 bushels from the Monongahela region comes 
 to I^ouisville, of which about 15,000,000 bushels remain here, the rest being distributed to 
 .Southern ]5oints. This cheap river transportation and abundant sup|)ly secures Louisville 
 cheap coal, but protection against the casualties and uncertainties of river transportation is 
 afforded now by the exhaustless supplies opened to her by the extension of her railway 
 system. The coal fields of Southern and Eastern Kentucky, and those of Southern 
 Indiana, are now within easy reach, and the charges of the railroad companies are moder 
 .ite. The manufacturers and householders of Louisville are no longer in danger of a 
 ■ 'jal famine because the Ohio river dries up or freezes over, as it has been known to do. 
 \bout two-thirds of the coal used in Louisville comes to her by river; this emjihasizes the 
 uuportance to her industries of the Ohio river as a channel medium of transportation, and 
 •should enlist the energies of her commercial community in all efforts to improve its na\ i 
 gation. One of the crowning advantages of Louisville as a manufacturing point is iiN 
 large and certain supply of cheap coal. 
 Louisville's position as a produce market is one of constantly growing importance, and this branch of trade shows progres> 
 and increase each succeeding year. Situated, as has been remarked, in the midst of a large and fruitful agricultural district, 
 with every portion of which her connections by river and rail are excellent, her industrial population rapidly increasing, and the 
 local demand consequently growing, and provided with ample facilities for distributing perishable freight, she is the most desira- 
 ble market for handling the crops of the adjacent section. Her greatest advantage in this trade, however, is her geographic-al 
 position, located, as she is, half way between the important producing Slates of the North, with their varied crops, and those of 
 
 wm// ■ 
 U. u. Kline. 
 
 %- 
 
 38 
 

 t 
 
 p. 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1^ 
 0) 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 >. 
 
 d) 
 > 
 
 ;^ 
 
the South, devoted in the most part to a few staples, and depending on other sections for a large portion of their food supplies. 
 This has made her an eligilile distributing center for the two sections. Since fruit and vegetable farming has assumed large di- 
 mensions in the South, her distributing functions have been still more employed. Since the extension of her railroads, to 
 give close and prompt connection with gulf ports, a large trade has grown up here in tropical fruits and nuts. Several firms do 
 a very extensive Inisiness in handling oranges, bananas and similar southern fruits. One item of the produce trade will be 
 sufficient to indicate the eni]jloyment it affords to our transportation lines and local handlers; the local consumption of potatoes, 
 the product of the immediate vicinity, amounts to 150,000 barrels jjer annmn ; the shipments amounted to 248,594 barrels. 
 One of the most thriving and noticeable of Louisville's industries is the manufacture of Kentucky jeans. Five large mills 
 are devoted to this product exclusively, employing about 1,200 hands. No low grade goods are turned out by the Louisville mills, 
 and for ([uantity and quality of goods manufactined in that line, Louisville stands first in the L'nion. Two other mills, one making 
 
 blankets and the other yarns, are located here. The manufacture of 
 clothing from Kentucky jeans is an entirely new industry here. A 
 few years ago, not a single firm was engaged in this business; in 
 1885 there were four and last year seven large establishments en- 
 gaged exclusively in manufacturing jeans clothing from the product 
 of Louisville mills. These houses employ 1,150 jjersons, mostl\ 
 women. The goods they manufacture are taken rapidly by the larg 
 est wholesale clothing houses in the Northwest and South, and their 
 excellence, lioth in quality and manufacture, has caused a demand 
 for them which is likely to make this industry one of the largest in 
 the city. 
 
 Louisville was early jirominent in the hardware business, and the 
 trade maintains its imjjortance. There are six jobbing houses, whose 
 sales aggregate over three millions every year. l''ifteen or sixteen retail houses do a noteworthy trade. The largest manufactory 
 in this line is an axe factory, with an annual capacity of 125,000 axes and hatchets, and running always up to its full capacity. 
 Li this line also is the largest stock-bell factory in the country, with a capacity of 150,000 to 175,000 bells. Its jjroduct is favor- 
 ablv known in .Australia and Soiuh .\merica, as well as in the United States. There are besides chain works and a large number 
 of foundries, which make such goods as are largely handled by the trade. 
 
 Louisville is the largest pig iron storage market in the LInion. The present annual constniiption of pig iron in Louisville is in 
 the neighborhood of 135,000 tons. The consumi)tion of pig iron has increased very rapidly in the last few years. There arc 
 now twenty-nine fountlries in operation, and Louisville ranks fifth among iron manufacturing cities in the United States. A few 
 years ago a molding .sand was discovered close at hand, which is maintained to be superior to the fine sand which has enabled 
 
 
 Great Southern Chair Factory, Frankfort, Ky. 
 
€rfeat « Sehthei^n • Qheiir • FactoF^, @) 
 
 MASON &. FOARO CO., Proprietors, 
 FRHNKF0RT, KY. 
 
 Manufacturers of 
 
 CANE, 
 
 RATTAN, 
 
 PERFORATED, 
 and 
 WOOD SEAT 
 
 CHAIRS. 
 
 Send Tor our new Illustrated 
 ( atalogue and Price-List. 
 
 -© 
 
Albany and Troy to hold their suiiremacy in the manufacture of fine stoves and other fine castings, and the flourishing manufacture 
 of stoves in Louisville will get the full benefit from it. The manufacture of gas and water pipes is one of the most marked feat- 
 ures of the iron business of Louisville. It is conducted on a very large scale, and finds a market in all quarters of the country. 
 Louisville makers of architectural iron contract for buildings are in comjjetition with those of all markets. Several firms ha\e 
 made reputations as builders of steam engines. The iron industry of Louisville is of the most varied character, and is rapidly 
 growing in all directions. No city in the country has superior advantages for the manufacture of iron jjroducts, and her prog- 
 ress in this direction will only be limited by the enterprise of her citizens. 
 
 The growth of the lumber trade of Louisville is one of the most notable manifestations of its recent ]jrogress. There has 
 always been at Louisville, as at any eligible point in a timbered country, a lumber business. For a long time logs brought 
 down from the Kentucky river in rafts supjilied saw mills here, and even yet they come to some extent. Logs also came from 
 
 other streams u|) the Ohio, and 
 from its head waters. The lumber 
 for boat-building, once an extensive 
 industry around the Falls, and still 
 carried on very successfully on the 
 Indiana side at Jeffer.sonville, for 
 local building and for supplies to 
 the small interior towns within a 
 short radius, was sawed here. The 
 business in this form was gradually 
 slacking when the diminishing su])- 
 plies of available timljer throughoiu 
 the country called the attention of 
 shrewd men in the trade to the 
 great untouched bodies of hard- 
 
 Cornwall & Bros.' Soap Factory. Established 1838. 
 
 wood timber in the region tribu- 
 tary to Louisville. The rejwrt of 
 the specialists on Forestry and 
 Timber in the census of 1 880 helped 
 to make known the localities of 
 available supplies. It became un.j 
 derstood among those interestec^ 
 that the greatest remaining supjily 
 of hardwood lumber was in the 
 country tributary to Louisville, and 
 reached by her transportation lines. 
 The business here has develojied 
 along with the development of our 
 railroad system, and as that has 
 been very rapid in the last ten 
 The actual and prospective construction of railroads, however, 
 
 years, the lumber trade has grown in that time correspondingly 
 is always well known, jiublicly discussed, and sometimes celebrated by great demonstrations, as was the case in 1S80, when the 
 opening of the .Air Line and the Knoxville branch was made the occasion for a parade, exhibiting the extent and variety of the 
 industries of Louisville. Nobody published the growth of the lumber trade here: the shrewd men who were managing it were 
 not partioilarly disposed to invite the world to send com]ietitors for them in the business of getting <ontrol of the choice timber 
 lands, and they did not boast of their ex|)loits. All except those engaged in the business were sur])rised, therefore, when, two 
 years ago, the committee on information and statistics of the Board of Trade gave 125,000,000 feet as an estimate of the trade 
 for 1887 in lumber and logs. 
 
 ©- 
 
Pioneer Vhrnish ^aZorks 9lj^ South. 
 
 WORKS, \m and Maple Streets. 
 
 ESTABLISHED JUNE 1, 1884. 
 
 «j>/i\o 
 
 Collins • iZHRNisH • Co. 
 
 ARE MANUFACTURERS OF ALL (^RADES OF 
 
 
 Sole Manufacturers of tl^e pan^oiis ^spl^alt [pon Paipts, 
 
 FOR FREIGHT CARS, aRISGCS, ROCFS AND OUTSIDE WEAR GENCRALLV. 
 
 A full line of Ready-mixed Paints for House Painting, and of Varnishes suited to Dealers' Trade, is always on hand. 
 Orders promptly filled. Correspondence soHcted. 
 
 -© 
 
The figures of the committee were questioned and doubted. Careful investigation not only confirmed the committee's esti- 
 mates, but showed that they were within the correct figures. The returns for 1888 show sales of 135,000,000 feet, a very good 
 exhibit for a new market. This estimate is for lumber dealings only, and does not include lumber used in furniture and other 
 branches of manufacture. Outside of the estimates are also staves, headings, etc., which form an independent and important 
 branch of the business, aggregating last year 22,500,000 pieces. Our lumbermen have opened to them in Eastern Kentucky 
 immense stores of the finest varieties of hardwood lumber. Only the mere borders of that rich region have yet been pene- 
 trated. In Western Kentucky where new roads have been ojiened, and even in the central parts of the State where new lines 
 
 have made accessible territory 
 previously without transpor- 
 tation facilities, bodies of de- 
 sirable timber have been 
 brought into market. In East 
 and West Tennessee, and even 
 further south, Louisville 
 dealers have vigilantly scan- 
 ned the country, bought up 
 available timber lands, planted 
 their saw mills, and added 
 new invoices to their stock. 
 The Louisville dealers do not 
 confine themselves to adjacent 
 or even to American markets ; 
 they have control of supplies 
 of lumber, prized in various 
 lines of manufacture, and have 
 comparison with similar articles made anywhere else, either 
 
 Farmers Tobacco Warehouse. Twelfth and Main Streets. 
 
 established connections in the 
 various continental countries 
 and in Oreat Britain, and ship 
 regularly and largely to all. 
 
 The furniture manufai 
 tore of Louisville, though 
 large and growing, has n^t 
 reached that commanding 
 position which the advantages 
 of this market justify. Our 
 furniture makers confine them- 
 selves chiefly to the finest 
 (juality of goods, .and their 
 factories turn out articles, 
 which in excellence of work- 
 manship, tastefulness of de- 
 sign, and quality of material, 
 are entitled to rank high in 
 A branch of the business to 
 
 n this or other countries. 
 
 which this locality is, from all its circumstances and conditions, particularly well adapted, the manufacture of cheap low-grade 
 furniture, is neglected, and our large jobbers and retailers of furniture are compelled to go to other points, many of them much 
 less eligibly situated than Louisville, to buy cheap furniture from makers who have probably obtained much of their lumber sui>- 
 ]>lies from this market. 
 
 A number of planing mills, door, sash and blind factories, and hub and spoke factories, help to furnish a local market for 
 various qualities of lumber. 
 
 @- 
 
-@ 
 
 .G.HARRIS, P. MEGUIAR. T. A. MEGUiAR. 
 
 Trousdale Co , Tenn. Louis7>llle. Simpson Co., Ky. 
 
 MEGUIAR, HARRIS & CO. 
 
 PROPRIETORS 
 
 llntli Street IoMgco farelouse, 
 
 Corner Main and Ninth Streets, 
 M1LYMLCTJ0N SALES, LOUISi^ILLE, KY. 
 
 Remittances Promptly Made. 
 
 Four Months Storage Free. 
 
 >LKNTERS 
 
 » J. S. PHELPS & CO.. Louisville, Ky. 
 
 N. E- Corner Eleventh and Main Strects. 
 
 
 
 
 
 t^w^B^^^^^^^^^^^Ba 
 
 ICHITIDS rccuWJRFH^H'fwj r 
 
 
 
 
 mA* 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^MmK^^^^^^^BIBR 
 
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 PICKET 1 
 
 , ) C. A. BRIDGES & CO., 
 
 J Cor. 8th and Main Sts., LOUISVILLE. KY. 
 
 CRKiAZFORD,° HOiA^KRD ° & ° CO. 
 
 PROPRIETORS 
 
 'GLOBE' 
 
 YX]i^j\lil^i] ' Tobacco Warehouse. 
 " '^\^?y '1 vAV' * / '*'''^" "'^' "^'' "^^' "^^ '''^'" ^*'"^^*' 
 
 vi'^"' '' 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Daily Auction Sales. Liberal artvances on 
 J. R. Crawford, ) T , rirt „• r> Consignmenis. Four Months 
 
 W. R. Howard, | ^^^^ ^*^ Fleming Co. *> g^^^^^^. ^.^^^ 
 
A kindred industry is the manufacture of wagons. The largest wagon factory in the world is situated here, and the vehi- 
 cles it turns out are known esi)ecially throughout the South and West, but are finding buyers wherever good wagons are appre- 
 ciated. This establishment has recently added to its facilities, and got rid of a troublesome competitor, by absorbing the factum 
 heretofore carried on by the labor of Tenne.ssee convicts. 
 
 Buggies and pleasure carriages are also manufactured here liy a number of establishments. The quality of hickory timber pro- 
 c:urable here is especially adapted to the uses of these manufactures, but the same criticism is applicable to them as to the furni- 
 ture manufacturers. They dexote themselves exclusively to the finer ((ualities of work, and the demand for cheap, light buggit-, 
 
 which is large, and which they could profitably supply, has to be met el.sewherc. 
 Another local consumptive demand for lumber comes from the plow facto- 
 ries, of which there are four, one of them the largest in the world. 'I'his last 
 turned out last year more than 150,000 complete implements, besides an infinite 
 number of parts. Its proprietors are not content to supply the home market 
 with the best and most improved styles of [)lows, but find customers in .\ustra- 
 lia. New Zealand, India, South .\frica and South America, and are judiciously 
 pushing a manufacture in which they can meet any competition in all markets. 
 Car Iniilding, for steam and street railways, consumes a large (piantity of 
 lumber. One of the most extensive railway carworks in the country is Uualed 
 in Jeffersonville, and in Louisville more than 300 acres of ground is covered 
 with car shops belonging to diflerent railroads, occupied with the building an^ 
 repair of cars and locomotives, and employing several thousand men. . 
 
 The manufacture of brick employs a great many hands. The clay fields of 
 this vicinity are exceptionally fine in point of color and strength, and Louisville 
 produces as fine colored brick as are to be found in the country. The local 
 output of brick last year was about 35,000,000, of which 9,000,000 was of the 
 finest hydraulic pressed. (Government tests have shown Louisville ])ressed 
 brick to be of the finest quality. 
 
 Another clay manufacture is that of terra cotta ware, an industry which haa 
 been carried on here by one maker for years, but which is susceptible of ver 
 great expansion. Since the draining of the region south of Louisville, betweei 
 the hills and the ri\er, long known as the "Wet Woods," it has been ascertainei 
 that it is o\erlaid by beds of the finest terra cotta clay, furnishing a fine oppoi 
 Officts of standard Oil Co. tunity for enteriirising capital to engage in the manufacture of all clay wares. 
 
 1| 
 
StjjjYD^^I} Oil Co. 
 
 o o o Louisville. Ky, o o o 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 I^efir^ed a^d I^bri(;al:i9(§ Oils, 
 
 GASOLINES, NAVAL STORES. 
 
 ItlUE PROOF OSt. 
 
 The best Illuminating Oil. Absolute Safely. For sale by all dealers. 
 
 •'REIS CKOWR" STaVB GAiSOtlNE, 
 
 The best Stove Gasoline in the market. Combustion perfect. For 
 sale by all dealers 
 
 Offices at the Following Points.- 
 
 . Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Augusta, Ga. 
 I Birmingham, Ala. 
 I Brunswick, Ga. 
 t Cairo, Ills. 
 ( Charleston, S. C. 
 i Charlotte, N C. 
 I Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Columbia, S. C. 
 I Columbus, Ga. 
 
 Jacksonville, Fla. 
 Jackson, Miss. 
 Knoxville, Tenn. 
 1-exington, Ky. 
 Macon, Ga. 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 Maysville, Ky. 
 Meridian, Miss. 
 Mobile, Ala. 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Natchez, Miss. 
 New Orleans, La. 
 I'aducah, Ky. 
 Pensacola, Fla. 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 Selma, Ala. 
 Vicksburg, Miss. 
 Wilmington, N. C. 
 
 ® 
 

 Under its charter, and by special acts of the General Assembl)' of the State, the Board of Trade is empowered to regulate 
 the inspection of grain and the conduct of the grain trade. In comparison with the great grain markets the Louisville grain 
 market is relatively small, but it is of dimensions sufficient to constitute an important and valuable branch of business. There 
 were inspected during last year, 5,733 cars of Indian corn, 3,019 cars of oats, 2,460 cars of wheat, and 693 cars of rye, a total 
 of 11,905 cars, containing about 7,000,000 bushels of grain. In addition there were receipts of probably 1,000,000 bushels, and 
 shipments of 5,000,000 bushels, not inspected, so that it is safe to estimate the grain trade of this city at not less than 13,000,000 
 bushels. Louisville's grain trade is in a healthy and prosperous condition; its increase has been steady and marked, and the 
 opening of new lines of transportation has enlarged the sources from which its supplies are drawn, and has also afforded com[je- 
 tition in freight rates to consumptive markets. One public and several private elevators suffice to handle the grain received. 
 
 Louisville shows growth as a market and distributing center for flour, but its milling business has not increased in correspond- 
 ence with the increase of the city. It has one establishment which shows marked enterjirise in ])ushing its business and cater- 
 ing to the taste of trade, but the local millers do not control the local 
 market in face of competition from other milling points in fancy 
 domestic grades. 
 
 There are four malt houses in the city with a capacity of 600,000 
 bushels annually, of which one establishment makes about two thirds. 
 The first malt house was established in 1866, but in 1880 malting got 
 its start as a manufactory of some note, and has increased ever since, 
 steadily but not largely. In the face of sharp competition from Chicago 
 and Milwaukee, which have advantages as malting points, it is not 
 likely that Louisville's malting interest will greatly increase. The use 
 of malt, however, among distillers continues to grow, as it enables 
 them to get better yields from their grain, and their demands and 
 that of the brewers insure a steady and profitable market for Louisville 
 maltsters. 
 
 The breweries of Louisville are valuable customers of our grain merchants and maltsters. Their business has grown into 
 importance since the war, and now constitutes a large element in the trade of the city. There were during the last fiscal year 
 twenty-two breweries in operation, which produced 185,458 barrels, on which the tax collected amounted to $185,458. There 
 were shijiped into this market last year, according to the returns of the Board of Trade, 9,798 barrels, a considerable decrease 
 from preceding years, and there were ship])ed from this market 40,464 barrels, also a decrease from preceding years, both of 
 which facts, taken together, indicate that the consumption of Louisville lieer is increasing at home, which shows that it is well 
 esteemed where it is known. 
 
 
 Collins Varnish Company's Works. 
 
-@ 
 
 fl SfS mi Newport lews and fjlssissippi Kdlle^ CompDnii, 
 
 THE 
 
 LOUISVILLE 
 
 MEMPHIS 
 - LINE 
 
 ^EsrlrrSSoN 
 
 WESTERN DIVISION. 
 
 (C, O. & S. W. R. R.) 
 
 -THE DIRECT AND POPULAR ROUTE FROM- 
 
 Louisville to Mempliis 
 
 HND SOUTH HND SOUTHWESTERN POINTS. 
 
 The only line having no changes of cars of any class between Louisville and Memphis with Pullman Buffet Sleeping Cars 
 from and to Louisville, Memphis, Vicksburg and New Orleans, via Memphis. This line is thoroughly equipped and in first- 
 class condition and provides a Double Daily Service, with Parlor Cars on Day Trains, and offers an excellent arrangement of 
 time and through cars. 
 
 A FEATURE is the time and convenience secured by the LIMITED EXPRESS TRAINS requiring only a night's ride 
 between Louisville and Memphis, and giving an entire day for business or pleasure in either city, with only one day's absence. 
 
 IT IS THE PREFERRED ROUTE TO POINTS IN 
 
 West Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana and tlie Soutli and Soutiiwest. 
 
 All trains arrive at and depart from the New UNION DEPOT, Seventh and River, Louisville. 
 
 JNO. ECHOLS, 
 
 Third VIce-Presidenl. 
 
 J. L. FRAZIER, 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
 W. H. PROUTY, 
 
 Gen'l Pissenger Agent. 
 
 -@ 
 
@h 
 
 The manufacture of vinegar has grown to be a large business in Louisville. It has proven a profitable one, and it is now in 
 a flourishing condition. 
 
 The oldest mercantile house in Louisville is engaged in the fur and skin trade. It is the largest establishment of the kind, 
 outside of New York City, in the United States, and its operations extend over the whole country west of the Alleghanies. 
 
 In connection with the furniture trade should have been mentioned a branch of that business that has assumed large pro- 
 portions, and seems from the energy with which it is pushed destined to much greater developement, what is known as the ' ' in- 
 stallment plan " of selling. The leading house in that line is now making a large addition to its storage room, and is about to 
 
 try selling by installment on a wider scope, 
 and with lines of goods not heretofore em- 
 braced in the operations of installment 
 dealers. 
 
 Among the financial institutions of 
 Louisville not mentioned in the proper con- 
 nection are the Trust Companies. These are 
 all of recent origin. The remarkable suc- 
 cess of the one first organized led soon to 
 the formation of another, and the continued 
 success of both has recently led to the or- 
 ganization of two more. They are established 
 on the firmest financial basis, and their 
 stocks are held at figures far above their par 
 basis. They take care of estates, act as trus- 
 tees and assignees, as guardians, executors 
 and administrators. The evident tendency 
 is for them to monopolize the business of 
 settling the estates of decedents, and they are 
 to the tanners new supplies of this favorite bark 
 
 more and more preferred as guardians for 
 minors, so far as property is concerned. 
 
 One of the leading industries of Louis- 
 ville, and almost as distinguished as that of 
 tobacco or whisky, is the tannin and leather 
 business and cognate industries. Its de- 
 velopment into important proportions was 
 coincident with the first development of 
 Louisville's railroad system after the storm 
 of war had finally died away. South of 
 Louisville, in Kentucky and Tennessee, and 
 in the portion of Southern Indiana opened 
 by the Air Line road, there are large bodies 
 of what is known as the chestnut oak. the 
 bark of which is very rich in tanning, and 
 preferred by leather makers to any other 
 material for tanning heavy goods. Every 
 new road which has opened new avenues 
 for the other trades of Louisville has given ' 
 
 Seelbach's Hotel. 
 
 It is not only bark, however, to which tanners of experience attribute the high re- 
 putation that certain Louisville leathers have attained in the markets of the world. The phrase "markets of the world " is used 
 designedly, as Louisville oak leather took a first premium at the Vienna Exposition in the days of its first development of the 
 tanning business here, and has since had its pre-eminent merits recognized on various occasions of the same description. Some 
 tanners here insist, like many of the makers of the celebrated Kentucky whiskies, that the peculiar quality of the water they use ' 
 is an essential factor in imparting the recognized fine qualities of Louisville leather, but all of them agree that the care used in 
 
HSSOCIHTED FHCTORY 
 
 =Mlitlial Inslipance Gempanies 
 
 -^SOUTH.-^ 
 
 ©Y^aPter p. ©icfter^on, Sj^eneraf iJire Manager, 
 
 OFFICE, Tyler Building, Corner Sixth and Main Streets, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Manafacturers' Matual Fire Insurance Company, 
 
 Of Louisville, Ky. 
 
 PRESIDENT, Theo. Conrad, President Tonrad Tanning Co. 
 SECRETARY, Walter P. Dickerson, Fire Underwriter. 
 GENERAL AGENT and Chief Inspector Fire Risks, W. C. Brew kr. 
 
 Mutaal Fire Insurance Company, of Kentucky. 
 
 PRESIDENT, G Weavbk Loper, President Victoria Cordage Com- 
 pany, Cincinnati. 
 VICE-PRESIDENT, Walter P. Dickerson, Fire Underwriter. 
 SECRETARY, Wm. R. Lowe. 
 GENERAL AGENT and Chief Inspector Eire Risks, W. C. Brkwek. 
 
 Reduction of Insurance Rates on Manufacturing and Mercantile Properties in conformity with the 
 Reduction of Fire Hazard and the Introduction of Fire Preventative Appliances. 
 
 The Associatkd Factory Mutuals, South, will, upon request, inspect the premises of Mercantile and Manufacturing Risks through 
 the medium of thoroughly drilled and expert inspectors, fully competent to point out the hazards as they exist. You can not reconstruct your 
 risk, but you can remove two thirds of the causes of danger, and save at least one half the expenses of your insurance by following the direction of 
 the inspector, whose fireeye is ever open to the causes of danger. Correspondence of owners of Manufacturing and Mercantile Properties 
 respectfully solicited. 
 
 -^ 
 
the selection of stock, and in every stage of the process of manufacture, is as ])()tent as anything else in securing the results that 
 have established the reputation of their product. 
 
 The bark of the chestnut oak of Kentucky and Tennessee is richer in tannin and makes better leather than that from far- 
 ther north. The Southern tanneries use the bark of red and black oak, which makes inferior leather and of poor color. The 
 common material used by Northern tanneries is hemlock bark, which lacks the strength of the Kentucky and Tennessee chest- 
 nut oak bark. The supply of bark for the Louisville tanneries now in sight is enough for a hundred years, and what affords 
 them a great advantage is that it is renewable. The chestnut oak will sprout from the stumjj. and the young trees will, in 
 
 twenty-five years, 
 replace those whicli 
 have been cm 
 down. This is nut 
 the case with hem- 
 lock. The tendency 
 of the tanning in- 
 dustry, as in others, 
 is to concentrate 
 the business in large 
 es tabli sh me nts. 
 where it can be 
 carried on more 
 cheaply and system- 
 atically, and conse- 
 quently more econ 
 omically. Small 
 tanneries were 
 formerly scattered 
 all over the country ; 
 now there is not 
 
 Kentucky and Indiana Bridge. 
 
 one of that class 
 where there were 
 fifty t w e n t y-fi \ e 
 years ago. 
 
 There are at 
 present eighteen 
 tanneries in opera- 
 tion, em j)loy i ng 
 about $3,000,000 
 of capital and over 
 600 workmen. 
 Their annual pro- 
 duct amounts to 
 600,000 sides of 
 sole, harness and 
 belting leather, be- 
 sides about 200,000 
 sheep skins. 
 
 Six of these tan- 
 neries produced 
 sole-leather e .x clu- 
 
 ©■ 
 
 sively, two produced harness and belting leather, and the others, harness and saddle leather. I,ouis\ille's market for its leather 
 jjroduct is a very wide one, and the business is steadily growing, though the manufacture of harness leather, of which the 
 farmers are the great consumers, fluctuates according to the condition of the crops. When the crops are good, the harness 
 leather makers are rushed to fill the demand ; when they are poor, the farmers make their old harness answer, and the manufac- 
 ture of harness leather slackens. 
 
 45 
 
Drilling Tools and Cordage- 
 
 Tubing, Casing, Line and Dfl»e Pipe. 
 
 =D. C. FOOTE. 
 
 And ARTESIAN WELL SUPPLIES, 
 
 No. 223 Third Strekt, 
 
 Telephone 983, Ring a. LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Natural Gas Supplies a Specialty. 
 Cast Iron, Malleable and Brass Fittings. Boilers, Engines and Pumps. 
 
 —■> KZEnSTTTTCl^-Sr -5— 
 
 Southern • Oil • & • Gas • Co. 
 
 Producers and Refiners of 
 
 (entucii Petroleuni 
 
 144 W. Main Street, 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 
 J. L. CHILTON, Prest. J. T. GATHRIGHT, Treas. 
 
 H. T. HANFORD, V-Prest. W. G. CARROLL, Secy. 
 
 R. CARROLL, Gen'l Manager. 
 
 4) 
 
A local market for the leather product is rurnished by six saddle and harness factories, one leather-l)elt factory, and six trunk 
 and valise factories for the jobbing trade, and by thirty-six retail saddlery and harness-makers. There are Ijesides, eight job- 
 bing manufactories of ladies and misses fine shoes, whose work has attained an enviable reputation for superior wearing and 
 selling (lualities. They have turned their attention somewhat to men's fine woVk, but no heavy or coarse boot or shoe work is 
 
 done here. 
 
 The saddle and harness trade of Louisville is growing rapidly, and is jiushing its goods in all directions. It employs now 
 
 $900,000 of capital, over 900 hands, pays 
 over $400,000 in wages, and turns out over 
 $2,000,000 worth of goods annually. 
 
 In considering Louisville as a manufac 
 turing ])oint, the characteristic features of it> 
 real estate interest are important. The amiilc 
 room on the plain which forms the site ot 
 Louisville for a city of dimensions unequaletl 
 in modern times has been mentioned. In 
 deed, the level ground, stretched along the 
 river on the "second bench" and extending 
 back to the hills, would furnish plenty of 
 desirable room for one of those famous cities 
 of old, which, like Babylon, included within 
 the city walls ground enough to rai.se food 
 for the population. This abundance of room 
 caused the city to be laid out with wide 
 streets and large blocks, and encouraged the 
 citizens in the custom of maintaining spa- 
 cious or comfortable-sized yards. The same 
 abundance of available building ground has 
 
 about Louisville than in any city of its size 
 and prospects in the country. Nobody was 
 willing to give a high price for a lot, when, 
 by going a little further, he could get one 
 just as good for much less money. A con- 
 sequence of this has been that with little or 
 no aid from those building associations which 
 have been so helpful elsewhere in i)roviding 
 homes for working people, the workingmen 
 of Louisville own their homes to an extent 
 greater than in any city in the world, excejjt 
 perhaps in Philadelphia. There is still plenty 
 of room, and there is always likely to be 
 plenty, so that workingmen employed in 
 this city for the same wages that are paid 
 elsewhere have a better chance to get them- 
 Nclves a home and bring uj) their children 
 amidst healthful and moral surroundings 
 than their fellows elsewhere. Well distributed 
 street railway lines, with cheap fares, make 
 distance of secondary importance, and, as 
 the electric system of roads is extended with 
 less important, and workingmen can make their homes wholly oiu- 
 Nothint; like a tenement-house quarter exists in this city, or is ever 
 
 NalurdI Gas Well of Kentucky Southern Oil * Uab «-o. 
 
 @- 
 
 kept the price of real estate lower in and 
 cars running on more rapid schedules, distance will be stil 
 side the crowds and dust of the business parts of the city, 
 likely to exist. 
 
 The same alnmdance of room has kept the price of property in the business parts of the town at low figures, and has 
 
 46 
 
-© 
 
 CHAS. COBB. President. 
 J. M, COBB, V-President. 
 
 W. P. DAVIS, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 B. F. WINEGARTNER, Assist. Supt. 
 
 -THE- 
 
 Belknap & Dumesnil Stone Co. 
 
 PRODUCERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 1 I 
 
 i*b 
 
 n * Oolitic * Buililii * Stone 
 
 GENERAL OFFICE, Southwest Corner Seventh and Main Streets, 
 
 BRANCH OFFICE, 145 Broadway, N. Y. 
 
 LOUISiZILLE. Ky. 
 
 QUARRIES and WORKS, near BOWLINO OREEN, KY. 
 
 -© 
 
®- 
 
 caused business to be scattered over a large area. 'Vhe 
 ( ity has now reached such dimensions, and its busine>s 
 attained such proportions that this scattering policy has 
 become an inconvenience, and there is a disposition to 
 concentrate, which has caused in the last year or two a 
 marked advance in the price of centrally-located busi- 
 ness property, and brought its values much nearer to 
 those which prevail for similarly situated property in 
 other cities than they have ever been before. However, 
 real estate still remains comparatively low in Louisville. 
 There has never been in its history a speculative move- 
 ment in real estate which carried prices above the normal 
 standard which the increase of the population and the 
 iictual demand for immediate use maintained. 
 
 Estimated cost and number of brick and frame 
 buildings erected during the fiscal year ending August 
 ;,i, 1889: 
 
 D.ATE. 
 
 FRAME. 
 
 BRICK. 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 AMOUNT. 
 
 Sept., 1888. 
 
 75 
 
 19 
 
 94 
 
 $149,500 00 
 
 Oct., " 
 
 53 
 
 9 
 
 62 
 
 68,232 00 
 
 Nov., " 
 
 26 
 
 8 
 
 34 
 
 101,460 00 
 
 Dec, " 
 
 29 
 
 5 
 
 34 
 
 33'95° °o 
 
 Ian., 1889. 
 
 46 
 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 94,350 00 
 
 Feb., " 
 
 47 
 
 6 
 
 53 
 
 349,190 00 
 
 March, " 
 
 114 
 
 19 
 
 133 
 
 194,965 00 
 
 .\pril, " 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 125 
 
 ■35-547 00 
 
 May, " 
 
 89 
 
 28 
 
 117 
 
 161,225 °° 
 
 Tune, " 
 
 79 
 
 23 
 
 102 
 
 •93-435 00 
 
 July, " 
 
 72 
 
 29 
 
 lOI 
 
 217, 186 00 
 
 Aug., " 
 
 73 
 
 26 
 
 99 
 
 133.440 00 
 
 Total, . . 
 
 803 
 
 203 
 
 1,006 
 
 $1,832,480 00 
 
 E. J. Wright, Vice-President Louisville Bryant & SIratton College. 
 

 BRYHNT • 5 • STRHTTON 
 
 BUSINESS COLLEGE. 
 
 Sotittiwest Corner Thiird and Jefferson Streets. 
 
 THOROUGH INSTRUCTIONS IN 
 
 Bookkeeping, Penmanship, 
 
 Arithmetic, G^ §]}2ltll3Jl^ 
 
 Typewriting, Telegraphy. 
 
 NINE • THOROUGH • KND • PRHCTICHL • TEHCHERS. 
 
 The only Bryant & Stratton College in the State, and the Largest in the South or West. Send for Catalogue and 
 full information. Business men furnished reliable help on short notice free of charge to either party. 
 
< 
 
 The foregoing figures, from the office of the city engineer, 
 complete the record of building operations down to date from 
 1879. They show the progress of building month by month. 
 The values, as was remarked before, do not really represent 
 the amounts invested. They are stated by applicants for 
 permits who use their own discretion and whose estimates 
 are not revised by any authority. 
 
 The manufacture of glass is profitably carried on by 
 three factories in Louisville, which turn out an immense stock 
 of bottles and the cheaper qualities of glass. In New .\1- 
 bany, just across the river, is the great plate-glass factory of 
 DePauw, one of the most e.xtensive establishments of its class 
 in the United States, and widely known everywhere for the 
 excellence of its product. The business of the neighboring 
 cities of New Albany and Jeffersonville is so intimately con- 
 nected with that of Louisville that it is difficult to give a full 
 account of one without some reference to the other. They 
 are both flourishing and attractive cities, and the plate-glass 
 factory, woolen mill and rolling mill, of New Albany, and the 
 boat yard and car works of Jeffersonville add materially to 
 the volume of commerce around the falls. 
 
 In Jeffersonville is situated the great central depot of the 
 quartermaster's department of the L'nited State's army. 
 Large quantities of clothing are made there for the army, and 
 ([uartermaster supplies and camj) and garrison equipage for 
 all the Western dejiartments are collected there under con- 
 tracts, and thence distributed to the various posts and garri- 
 sons. The intimate connection of this vast establishment 
 with the trade of Louisville is shown by the fact that the 
 contract for supplying stoves to all army posts was recently 
 awarded to a Louisville foundry, which has grown in the last 
 few years to be the second in size of ail the stove foundries 
 
 Commercial Club Building. Fourth and Main, Under Construction. 
 
THE STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE 
 
 IN WATCH MECHANISM, IS THE 
 
 KeptofiG Just-pioof IjfliliODd Wq^g 
 
 Full Jeweled (Genuine Rubies) and Accurately Adjusted. 
 
 @ Price. $43.eQ @ 
 
 Whicli is Guaranteed the Lowest. Either all CASH, or 
 
 m our CO-OPERATIYE CLUB, at OHE DOLLAR WEEKLY. 
 
 ooOOOOOoo 
 
 Tt^e Keystone \Vatcl7 Qllih QoT[\pai\y, 
 
 CAPITAL, $600,000. 
 
 MAX LOWY, Manager. 
 
 349 Fourth Avenue, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 CUT SHOWINQ DUST-kROOF MOVEMENT 
 
@- 
 
 of the ( (uintr)-. The great variety of suppHes re(|uired by this establishment, the number of |)ersons employed, and the great 
 amount of transjiortation involved, make this ([uartermaster's dejjot an important element in the business situation here. 
 
 Louisville was a port of entry of the State of Virginia before the Constitution of the United States was adopted, and after 
 the ])resent government was inaugurated it was the first customs port reached by the commerce that came up the Mississippi 
 from the S])anish jiossessions, afterward the French ])Ossessions, at the mouth of the Mississippi. The collection of duty here 
 was considerable at that early day. After the purchase by the United States of the territory of Louisiana the necessity for 
 the collection of duty here ceased, and Louisville was discontinued as a port of entry. Under the more recent policy of the 
 government, providing for railroad transportation in bond and encoin-aging the business of interior ports, the direct im])ortation 
 
 of foreign goods through the Louis- 
 ville custom house has steadily in- 
 creased. It has more than doubled in 
 the last four years, and will continue 
 to grow, as local importers more gen- 
 erally understand the advantages they 
 gain by having their goods entered 
 here instead of at the seaboard ])oint 
 ot disembarkation. The importations 
 here are sufficient in volume to re- 
 i|uire the maintenance of three sepa- 
 rate warehouses, one of which is used 
 for reimported whiskies exclusively, 
 and the others respectively for pottery 
 ware and general merchandise. The 
 total collections at this port in the last 
 fiscal year amounted to $434,690.97. 
 
 Louisville Elevator and Warehouse, H. Verhoeff & Co. Proprietors. 
 
 The business of storage, outside of iron 
 storage, which has been heretofore 
 mentioned, has developed to consider- 
 able proportions in Louisville and is 
 growing, and several large warehouses 
 of the finest character have been 
 erected to accommodate it. 
 
 There are now, according to re- 
 turns made in response to incpiiries 
 sent out by the Commercial Club, no 
 fewer than 1,350 distinct manufactur- 
 ing establishments in Louisville em- 
 ploying labor. They turn out an- 
 nually products valued at $65,000,000, 
 and give work to about 39,000 peo])le. 
 An effort has been made here to give 
 
 some account of the largest of these in- 
 dustries, but that an industry is carried on upon a small scale docs not argue that it is unimportant. The true test of a successful and 
 thoroughly established and equipped manufacturing center is not the number of its great establishments, employing thousands of 
 fai tory hands, but the number and variety of its small industries carried on independently by skilled mechanics and skilled help. 
 Such establishments show the manufacturing talent and spirit of the people, and train up a poinilation adapted to lead in and to 
 sustain manufacturing enterprise. Louisville needs and offers an admiralile field for the further development of small manufac- 
 tures. Many small wares and stajjle and sundry articles which jobbing houses are now compelled to buy elsewhere could be 
 jirofitably made here, and artisans of small capital can find no ])Iace where good and wholesome living is cheaper, or where 
 wisely directed energy will give more ])rofitable returns than here. 
 
S. ZORNSCG. 
 
 RECEIVERS AND SHIPPERS OF 
 
 ©GRAIN, (i 
 
 No. 20S W. Main Street, 
 
 LOUISVILLE. KY. 
 
 Telephone 925-4. 
 
 =)- 
 
 -® 
 
 H. VerHOEFF, Jr.. PncsiDCKT. 
 F N. Hartwell. V-Presideht. 
 
 W. L. VehHOEFF, Seooetabv. 
 R. M. Hartwell, Treasurer. 
 
 H.VERHOEFF& GO. 
 
 Proprietors 
 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 GRAIN 
 
 -AND- 
 
 ^COMMISSION ^ MERCHANTS,K3- 
 
 OFFICE, 217 Third Street, 
 
 Elevator and Warehouse, 
 
 Eleventh and Maple Streets. 
 
 LOUISMILLE. KY. 
 
 -© 
 
®- 
 
 C. C. MENGEL, JR., President. 
 
 A. W. WRIGHT, Alma, Mich., V-Pres. 
 
 C. R. MENGEL, Sec'y and Treas. 
 
 J. M. BAKER, Superintendent. 
 R. C. PRICE, Cashier. 
 
 
 C. C. MENGEL, JR. & BRO. COMPANY, m 
 
 •WESTHBLISHED 1877.* 
 
 Logs. • Lumber • hnd • Boxes. 
 
 Hk. '<■ 
 
 Flooring, ^ 
 
 Siding, 
 
 Ceiling, 
 
 "T^ Bonces- 
 
 Eleventh and Kentuckiy Streets, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 ^~~#e 
 
 Poplar, .4. 
 
 Walnut, 
 
 Cherry, 
 •?• Pine. 
 
 SAW MILLS: Trimble, Tenn.; Tipton, Tenn.; Fowlkes, Tenn.; Oakton, Ky.; Boston, Ky. PLANING MILL and BOX FACTORY: Louisville, 
 
 Ky., and Trimble, Tenn. 
 
 TRIMBLE & KENTON Railway Owned and Operated by this Company. 
 
Thiit 
 
 JiTeinUcky W^l^iskies. 
 
 HERE is one great business in which Louisville holds a leading position, which can not be properly treated by 
 considering only local statistics. The manufacture of whisky is a Kentucky industry. The fine whiskies, which 
 are made and sold in Louisville, and distributed from here, have their reputation and are sought for as Kentucky 
 whiskies and not as Louisville whiskies. Kentucky whisky belongs among the finer beverages, and should no 
 more be classed with spirits than are cognacs and rums. Like all finer beverages, whiskies are known and ranked 
 )rands. .\11 Kentucky whiskies have a distinctive position in the trade, but the care, skill and good management of 
 
 manufacturers have secured a special re- 
 putation and favor for the product of par- 
 ticular distilleries, without reference to the 
 particular locality within the State in which 
 they are situated. 
 
 The business of distilling began in Ken- 
 tucky at a very early date. It is a matter 
 of tradition that the first distiller who brought 
 the knowledge of his art to the State came 
 here to avoid what he considered the persecu- 
 tion of the excise officers, about the time of 
 the famous whisky insurrection, and settled 
 in what is now Bourbon countv. 
 
 The facility with which the surplus 
 from the distillation of corn, and whiskies were classed in many 
 material of which they were made, and without reference to the 
 
 corn, beyond what was needed for food, 
 could be conveyed to market in the shape 
 of whisky, when roads were bad and markets 
 far off, made distilling almost a necessary in- 
 cident and adjunct of farm life at that day, 
 and the first distillers found imitators and 
 competitors in every neighborhood as fast as 
 knowledge of the process was disseminated, 
 and what were considered available loca- 
 tions could be found. The business attained 
 such a start in Bourbon, and the product of 
 the distilleries of that county became so well 
 known, that "Bourbon'' gradually became 
 established as the name of whiskies made 
 quarters as "Bourbon" and "Rye," according to the 
 [dace of manufacture. Bourbon county, though the 
 
 reputation of its whiskies has steadily continued and still remains high, did not long retain any monopoly or pre-eminence in dis- 
 tilling, and Kentucky bourbons soon began to be differentiated and preferred, as it is to this day, according to the reputation of its 
 makers. .\ difference of opinion arose at an early jieriod among distillers as to the res])ective merits of the sweet mash and sour 
 
 \\ 
 
 @- 
 
a- 
 
 ^i 
 
 OLD TAYLOR 
 
 -© 
 
 5? 
 
 HAND MADE SOUR MASH. 
 SINGLED IN COPPER. 
 
 DOUBLED IN COPPER. 
 
 THE PERFECTION OF WHISKY 
 MANUFACTURE. 
 
 "OLD TAYLOR" IS THE ONLY "TAYLOR" 
 WHISKY DISTILLED. 
 To guard both the trade and consumer against 
 spurious "TAYLOR" whisky, the signature 
 shown below, together with the portrait of our 
 senior Mr. E. H. Taylor, Jr. appears on every 
 package, whether in wood or glass. 
 
 th 
 
mash processes. The first bourbon distillers mashed by hand, used fresh yeast, and doubled in copper and produced a hand-made, 
 sweet mash, double-copper whisky. That is the process their successors adhered to, and still adhere to in small distilleries. 
 The sour mash seems to have been introduced as a measure of convenience and economy, but at what particular period it is 
 difficult to determine. Another innovation was made by a famous distiller named Crow, who operated in the vicinity of Frank- 
 fort. The excellence of his product commanded the ajjproval of the legislators, who annually assembled there, and they car- 
 ried his reputation to all parts of the State, and Crow's whisky, soon familiarly known as " Old Crow," became widely reputed 
 as a specially good beverage. Cro«- ado]jted the method of doubling in wood with steam instead of the old-fashioned way of 
 doubling in copper, and his re]jutation made the new process popular. 
 
 The Geo. T. Stagg Company's Distillery. 
 
 The bourbon distillers, as conservative in a way as the Bourbons from whom their county was named, adhered to their old 
 ways, and would have nothing to do with the new method. Crow's jjrocess spread westward in the State, but did not go far 
 east. West of the Kentucky river the distillers, with very rare exception, coj)ied after Crow, used the sour mash hand-made 
 process, and doubled in wood. In the countries of the bluegrass, along the east side of the Kentucky river, they were divided, 
 though the majority followed Crow ; farther east the Bourbon influence prevailed, and they continued to use the sweet mash, to 
 mash by hand and double in coi)i)er. This state of things continued till the war, and the consecjuent imposition of a revenue 
 
S) ® 
 
 The Geo. T. Stjigg doM^AKY, ^ 
 
 IDISTIXjXjEX?,S oi^ 
 
 o.F.c; AND Carlisle; 
 
 T77"XHS:EZIE!S, 
 
 mi 
 
 (S" 
 
 ^Louisville, Ky. 
 
 !D- 
 
-® 
 
 tax. The tax made fortunes for a number of shrewd men. More capital was required to carry on distilleries, and more capital 
 was ])ut into the business. The regulations made to insure the full collection of the government revenue compelled a more 
 careful business management and a closer study of the science of distillation in order to secure the best yield from the grain. 
 Distilleries became larger, mashing was done by steam instead of by hand, great care in the selection and proper line of material 
 was used, and great neatness and cleanliness was infused in every stage of the process. While it was still maintained, and is yet 
 stoutly insisted on by many, that the old processes carried on in small houses and giving a less yield produce a finer flavored 
 and more palatable whisky, it is not denied that the larger houses, with their careful scientific direction of every stage in the i)ro- 
 cess of distillation, can and do make whiskies of the most excellent quality which age as well as the old style varieties, and 
 maintain fully the high reputation of the Kentucky product. 
 
 The history of distilling in Kentucky may give those who insist on the retention of a revenue tax as a method of diminishing 
 
 consum])tion, and as a temperance measure, oc 
 
 ca.sion to reconsider their opinion. After the 
 settlement of the country and the opening uj) of 
 convenient avenues of transportation had made 
 distilling no longer necessary as a means of dis- 
 posing of surplus grain, and distilling became 
 simply a manufacture to supply a demand, a 
 distillery ceased to he a desirable estal)lishment in 
 a neighborhood. They were [daces o( resort for 
 the idle and dissipated, and headipiarters for dis- 
 orderly and sometimes disreputable s])orts. 'I'hey 
 were dirty, ill-kept and slovenlv in all their ar- 
 ''■ rangements and surroundings, and were generally 
 
 I'he imposition of the tax and the strict regulation its collection made necessary 
 
 HiJlHl!lilH| 
 
 Distillery of I. B. Wathen & Bro. Ci 
 
 unlicensed and unrestrained tippling places 
 has changed all that. A distillery of to-day is, as a rule, far more neat and orderly than most manufacturing establishments. 
 Discipline about them is rigidly maintained; no loafing is allowed and no drinking. A lady can go through them without 
 getting a stain on her garments or a shock to her sense of propriety. 
 
 The business has engaged capital, intellect and enterprise in its service, and it has been pushed in the way that such combi- 
 nations push business, and as a consecpience the consumption and sale of Kentucky whisky has increased since the tax was im- 
 ])osed at a rate greatly in excess of the rate of increase in the population. How such a result, directly the consequence of the 
 tax, can be considered as calculated to restrict consumption and help the temperance cause is difficult to see. 
 
 The development of distilling progressed rapidly after the war. 'l"he business proved remunerative, and the scarcity, at the 
 
 ■^ 
 
J. B. 'WMTmmm ^ Bm©, ©©. 
 
 DISTILLERS OF THE STANDARD BRANDS 
 
 "J. 6. Wathen £ Bro." "Kentucky's Criterion" 
 
 ==B0URB0N AND RyB WhISKIES.:^= 
 
 ^|\ 
 
 Our whistcies are made from the finest selected grain and purest water, and are especially 
 adapted for family and medicinal uses. 
 
 E^ERY ' BHRREL - GUHRHNTEED • STRICTLY - PURE . 
 
 Our warehouses are brick, metal-roof, and are heated by steam. Rate of insurance, 85 cents 
 on the $100. Outs guaranteed according to Government scale. 
 
 -(^ 
 
time, of opportunities for the profitable investment of capital induced many persons to engage in it who lacked the necessary ex- 
 perience, and in a few years there was over-production and a stagnation in the business, which caused heavy losses, particularly 
 among the last beginners, whose brands had not established reputation. Then came, close after, the great financial crisis of 1873. 
 followed by a long jjeriod of depression, which the Kentucky distilling interest felt as sensibly as any other branch of lousiness. 
 Distilling revived along with other industries. One result of the over-production about 1870, and the period of consequent de- 
 pression and low ])rices that followed that and the i)anic of 1873, was that the holders of whisky were compelled to bestir them- 
 selves to find wherever the 
 new customers '■ Kentucky 
 and to intro- 
 duce their pro- 
 (iuct in quar- 
 ters where it 
 had never been 
 known before. 
 Low prices en- 
 abled them to 
 sell in man y 
 ([uarters a good 
 and pure arti- 
 cle, where be- 
 fore cheaper 
 compo u n d e d 
 stuff had mon- 
 opolized the 
 trade, and 
 
 WILES 5 
 
 FIRE COPPER 
 
 Co. 
 
 WHISKEY. 
 
 GENUINE NELSON COUNTY. 
 
 goods were 
 once i n t r o- 
 duced dealers 
 found that their 
 customers ap- 
 preciated them 
 and would 
 have no other. 
 When the re- 
 vival of busi- 
 n e s s came, 
 Kentucky 
 whisky had 
 then become 
 m u c h more 
 widely known, 
 and had se- 
 
 cured a much more extensive market. Profits began to pile up, the investing public began to notice the evidences that distillers 
 were making money, there soon began another rush into the business, and then, after several years of flush times and feverish 
 speculation, over-production did its work, all markets were glutted, all holders were overloaded, and the natural and inevitable 
 collapse followed. 
 
 The strong, exjjerienced houses with well-known brands weathered the storm, and. pursuing a conservative course and push- 
 ing their goods at low jirices, still further extended the market for Kentucky goods. In the last year or two the burden of the 
 excessive crojjs has been gotten rid of: the market began to show more vigor, holders felt less anxiety about getting rid of their 
 
 ir. H. SHERLEY & CO. 
 
-@ 
 
 M. SCHWARTZ, President. 
 
 J. SCHWARTZ. Sec'y and Treas. 
 
 SWEETWOOD DISTILLERY CO. 
 
 -idistiil.ilie:rs or'- 
 
 The "SWEETWOOD" Whisky, 
 
 A Superior Quality of Pure Fire Copper Whisky. 
 
 OFFICE, No. 126 East Main Street, 
 
 LouisyiLLE, Ky. 
 
— k I 
 
 stocks, and prices began to stiffen ; the improvement, steady but slow, gradually became evident to the most skeptical, and at 
 last when the crop of 1886, the last of the excessive production, moved off readily and without friction, confidence became 
 general, and at present the whisky trade is more satisfactory than it has been for years. Prices are advancing on a sound and 
 conservative basis; there is hope and confidence, but no speculation, and the future looks bright, except for the spectre of overpro- 
 duction, which some foreboding and clear-sighted makers see ahead. 
 Undoubtedly, there is danger that the present confidence may grow 
 into over-confidence, and that the enlarged market, just now re- 
 stored to a condition of healthy movement, may have its avenues 
 clogged by a season of excessive production. The only safeguard 
 against that is the remembrance of the years of depression from 
 which the trade has just happily emerged. 
 
 Frankfort, Lexington and Paris are all centers of large trade 
 in Kentucky whiskies, but Louisville is by far the most important 
 market in the State, and her dealers control and distribute much 
 the largest share of the product of the State. 
 
 There is invested in distilling property in Kentucky more than 
 $6,000,000. .-Xpart from the revenue which the State and Nation 
 derive from this vast property and its product many thousands of 
 our citizens are furnished with profitable employment at remunera- 
 tive wages through its agency. A large distillery furnishes a 
 market for corn, rye, malt, staves, hoo])-iron, cattle, hay, straw and 
 lal)or. The grain from which the alcohol has been extracted fur- 
 nishes food for many thousand cattle. The crop of a year of full 
 production requires over 300,000 barrels, costing over $600,000, 
 and employing hundreds of coopers. The distilleries are large 
 consumers of coal, and a conservative estimate puts the amounts 
 used by them annually at something over 2.000,000 bushels, which 
 largely comes from Kentucky mines. The transportation of those 
 immense stocks of whisky, together with that of the raw material 
 entering into its production and necessary for its manufacture and 
 handling, furnish a valuable tonnage to our transportation hues. 
 Entrance to Stuber&Bro.'s Photographic studio. No. 632 Fourth Street. Whisky is one of the most important freight articles on some 
 
Established I 87 1 . — 
 
 ImpoFtepi,. — *- Sistillepi,. 
 
 Fine • Kentucky • "Whiskies • and • Pooiestic • "Wines, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 Consular Agency of France. Due de Montebello Champagnes. Royal Dry 
 Sillcry. Clarets— A. Ra^sinier. Bordeaux; J. L. P. Lebegne & Co., Marnaux. 
 Hocks — Fred. Krole. Cologne; Jacob Heinz, Huhnheim. Burgundies Chas. 
 Bernard, Beaune. French Steamship Agency. New York to Havre. Sherries- 
 Williams & Humbert, Spain. Ports — Royal Oporto Wine Co., Opnrto. Agencies 
 for the El Principe de Gales. Agencies for the Flor de Madria Havana Cigars. 
 Agencies for the Original Budwciscr Beer. Finest Cognac Brandies, Rums, Gins, 
 Etc, Quality warranted, or value refunded. 
 
 eOT^VE •:• ^^33INIE^, 
 
 OIREOT IMPORTER OF 
 
 Fine * Wines, 
 
 Sm^&DfSISS, CQKHIA,3C^, EITC. 
 
 HaVai^a • ai^d • Key - W^st • Glg^rs, 
 
 SOLE AGENT FOR 
 
 Jos. ScMitz Brewing Co.'s Celebrated 
 
 Mil-araukee Beer, and the Famo-us 
 
 "SOLACE" Key-West Cigars, 
 
 Whole sale and Reta il. 
 
 405 and 407 West Market Street. 
 
 LOUISiZILLE, KY. 
 
 -@ 
 
®- 
 
 -® 
 
 roads out of Louisville, and the contributions it 
 ])ays for the support of the railroad system help to 
 ■lieve the rates on wheat, corn, lumber, etc. 
 There are 309 registered grain distilleries in 
 Kentucky, about 200 of which operate more or less 
 each jear, giving direct employment to about 2,000 
 men. When are added to them those employed in 
 mining coal, getting out staves, making barrels and 
 shipping whisky, the importance of this industry to 
 our State will be readily appreciated. To make this 
 industry more valuable, it is permanent. The peculiar 
 character of the water of this State is maintained by 
 all distillers to have a great influence in establishing 
 the qualities of the whisky produced here. The 
 nature of the climate, varied but not extreme, is also 
 of potent influence. The same processes and same 
 material used away from Kentucky air and Kentucky 
 water does not produce the same whisky. The fol- 
 lowing official figures are valuable as showing the 
 
 The J. M. Atherton Co. Distillery. present status of stOcks : 
 
 Statement in gallons, original gauge, of all kinds of Spirits produced in Kentucky from July I, 1888, to July I, 1889, by Districts. 
 
 Months 
 
 July, 
 
 August. 
 
 September, 
 
 October. 
 
 November, 
 
 December, 
 
 Janu.iry, 
 
 February, 
 
 March, 
 
 April, 
 
 M.iy, 
 
 June, 
 
 1S8S. 
 
 18S9. 
 
 Total, 
 
 Second District. 
 
 .?64 
 
 870 
 
 2,655 
 
 '23>385 
 358,804 
 362,228 
 392,111 
 399 866 
 .•?9'.o58 
 196,851 
 
 2,228,192 
 
 Fifth District. Sixth District. Seventh District Eighth Dis-trict. 
 
 24.074 
 
 50,098 
 
 76,807 
 
 201.331 
 
 697. 88 1 
 
 '.479,694 
 1,742.207 
 1,785,663 
 2,020,527 
 2,050,509 
 
 1,911,574 
 1,162,088 
 
 13,202,453 
 
 23,971 
 4,837 
 
 45,521 
 184,849 
 256,792 
 414.474 
 471,324 
 466.394 
 510677 
 610,364 
 625.664 
 528,726 
 
 4. '43.593 
 
 177,831 
 356,212 
 348,488 
 482,765 
 638,576 
 792,848 
 654.SS6 
 337-143 
 
 3,788,749 
 
 229,005 
 221,913 
 302,502 
 327.038 
 330.330 
 176.551 
 
 1.587,339 
 
 Totals. 
 
 48,045 
 
 54.935 
 
 122,692 
 
 387,050 
 
 1.135,159 
 
 2,373,765 
 
 3,149.828 
 
 3,318.963 
 3.864,393 
 4,180.625 
 
 3-913,512 
 2.401,359 
 
 24,950,326 
 
 -® 
 
-© 
 
 T H E- 
 
 T. M. ATHERTON CO. 
 
 — PROPRIETORS OF 
 
 ATHERTON. 
 
 MAYFIELD, 
 
 CLIFTON. 
 
 ROANOKE. 
 
 WINDSOR. 
 
 HOWARD. 
 
 ^va^- 
 
 DISTILLERV OFFICE: 
 
 NEW HAVEN, KENTUCKY. 
 
 MAIN OFFICE: 
 
 louisvillp:, Kentucky. 
 
Spirits in Bond by Months of Production in Second Kentucky 
 District, June 30, 1889. 
 
 Months 
 
 1885-86. 1S86-87. 1887-88. 1888-89. 
 
 July, 
 
 August, 
 
 September, ..... . . 
 
 October, . . . . • 
 
 November, ... 1 
 
 December, ... I 
 
 January, 
 
 February, ... 1 
 
 March, . . . . ! 
 
 April I 114,822 
 
 May, i 144.023 
 
 June, . . . . 43.551 
 
 47 
 
 6,730 
 
 22,424 
 
 148,369 
 
 >55,4'9 
 181,225 
 212,804 
 214.841 
 
 96.543 
 86 
 
 13 
 
 45 
 
 42 
 
 92 
 
 8,110 
 
 37-7S3 
 65.7i« 
 63,250 
 
 45.3'o 
 3.766 
 
 364 
 870 
 2.657 
 123.3S5 
 324.711 
 357.261 
 386,967 
 396.427 
 390,905 
 199,220 
 
 Hall & Hayward Co., Falls City Steam Bakery. 
 
 Total, .... 1 302,396 I 1,038.441 I 224,176 I 2,182,767 
 Grand total 3,747,780 
 
 Spirits and bonds by Months of Production in Seventh Kentucky District, 
 June 30, 1889. 
 
 188586 
 
 July, . . 
 August, . 
 September, 
 October, . , 
 November, 
 December, 
 January,: . 
 February, 
 March, 
 April, . . 
 May, , . 
 June, . . 
 
 1886-87. 
 
 4.701 
 
 Total, 
 
 236,922 
 
 25'. 413 
 76.472 
 
 567,807 
 
 24,774 
 
 48, 2CO 
 42,875 
 41,811 
 64,550 
 
 154,759 
 415,488 
 481,158 
 336,908 
 53,292 
 
 1,668,516 
 
 1887-S8. 
 
 2,306 
 
 706 
 
 3.095 
 
 5. 744 
 
 5 ',353 
 
 87,7'7 
 
 '37.749 
 
 185,625 
 
 210,474 
 
 ".S3-344 
 99,469 
 28,121 
 
 965,703 
 
 1S8S-89. 
 
 142 
 
 130,396 
 330,644 
 339 162 
 460,047 
 
 611,713 
 770,469 
 634,612 
 317.508 
 
 3,594.693 
 
 Grand total, 6,796,719 
 
 i.0ui:,vlilc Puuili. VidichOUSc. 
 
W. H. THOMAS & SON, 
 
 Sole Agents for the Celebrated Brand 
 
 OLD JORDAN WHISKY. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 We carry in Stock Twenty Thousand Barrels of other Brands. 
 
 SPECIALTY. OLD GOODS. 
 
 I SSE MOORK. 
 
 G. II. MOORE. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1853. 
 
 JESSE MOORE & CO. 
 
 LOUISi^ILLE. KY. 
 
 I')- 
 
 BELLE OF 
 
 A GENUINE HAND-MADE SOUR-MASH. 
 
 « 
 
 Distilled for Family and Medicinal Purposes. In cases containing 
 12 bottles, and by the barrel. No family should be without a case of 
 this whisky. Nothing acts so promptly in case of Heart Failure, 
 Sleeplessness, Cramps, etc. It is perfectly pure and very old. 
 
 Every label bears our signature. 
 
 Price, $1.50 per Bottle, or $15.00 per Case. 
 
 If your dealer cannot furnish them, apply to 
 
 HARTLEY, JOHNSON & CO. 
 
 123 and 125 East Main St. LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 -@ 
 
Spirits in Bond by Months of Production in Fifth Kentucky District, 
 June 30, 1889. 
 
 Months. 
 
 18S5-86. 
 
 July, . . 
 August. . 
 September, 
 October, . 
 November, 
 December, , 
 January, . . 
 February, 
 March, . . 
 April, . , 
 May, . . . 
 June, . . . 
 
 503.825 
 
 803,433 
 209,911 
 
 188687. 
 
 • 15,412 
 
 3,061 
 
 9.415 
 
 23.530 
 
 192,942 
 
 719.527 
 
 974,289 
 
 1,097,425 
 
 1,326,101 
 
 1,328,963 
 
 755059 
 
 88,75> 
 
 1887-88. 1888-89 
 
 5.161 
 
 16 
 221 
 
 272, 
 387 
 452 
 423 
 341 
 
 273j 
 
 247( 
 
 ,765' 
 
 .472, 
 
 21 1 
 
 ,9001 
 
 801 
 
 579I 
 
 523' 
 
 806 
 
 9.493 
 102,696 
 568,399 
 
 .265,277 
 
 .573-841 
 652,193 
 
 ,865.679 
 927,870 
 
 ,854,004 
 61,649 
 
 Total, ■■..,.. 1,517,169 6,534,47sl 2204932111,981907 
 Grand total, .... 22,238,483 
 
 Spirits in Bond by Months of Production in Sixth Kentucky District, 
 June 30, 1889. 
 
 Months. 
 
 1885-86. 
 
 1886-87. 
 
 1887-88. 
 9.464 
 
 1888-89. 
 
 July, ..... . . 
 
 
 27,070 
 
 361 
 
 August, ..... 
 
 
 
 
 
 8,912 
 
 3.728 
 
 
 Seprember, . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 93 
 
 9.150 
 
 1.35' 
 
 October 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6,239 
 
 27,969 
 
 1.033 
 
 November, . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 34.399 
 
 26,709 
 
 39.390 
 
 December, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 80,467 
 
 32.767 
 
 221,055 
 
 January, .... 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 I" 7. 749 
 
 38,927 
 
 279.398 
 
 February, . . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 168,523 
 
 69 174 
 
 308,811 
 
 March, .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 230,971 
 
 122,340 
 
 350,783 
 
 April. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 229,620 
 
 127.061 
 
 452,543 
 
 May, 
 
 
 123.58 
 
 i| 214,907 
 
 185.579 
 
 517.490 
 
 June, 
 
 76,32 
 
 32,096 
 r| 1,151,046 
 
 58693 
 7". 561 
 
 464.994 
 
 Total 
 
 . 
 
 199,90 
 
 2,637,209 
 
 Grand total, 4,699,717 
 
 Spirits in Bond by Montlis of Production in Eighth Kentucky District, June 30, 
 
 1889 
 
 .\ugust, . 
 September, 
 October, . 
 November, 
 December, 
 January, . 
 Febiuary, 
 March, 
 April, . . 
 May, . . 
 June, . 
 
 1885.86. 
 
 299 
 
 10 
 363 
 
 37,956 
 77.675 
 
 273.434 
 84.591 
 
 Total, . 
 
 i886-<S7. 
 
 45 
 43 
 
 280 
 
 270 
 
 110,233 
 
 111,044 
 
 190 104 
 
 231 357 
 115,249 
 
 5.232 
 
 474,328 763,857 
 
 1887-88. 
 
 29 
 252 
 
 9.947 
 68.518 
 
 1.846 
 
 5.505 
 14.750 
 14,442 
 14,682 
 
 1.984 
 
 131,955 
 
 1888-89. 
 
 204,005 
 
 196,913 
 
 277,502 
 
 303.312 
 330.330 
 176,55' 
 
 1,488,613 
 
 Grand total, 
 
 Number distilleries in operation, July 1, 1S88, 
 
 2,858,753 
 13 
 
 Jas. E. Pepper & Co.'s Distillery. 
 
 58 
 
-DISTILLERIES AT— 
 
 FRHNKFORT, KY. 
 
 -ESTABLISHED 1835.- 
 
 iTHE • COCHRHN-FULTON • CO. 
 
 
 '^^^' 
 
 TENBROEGKi 
 
 ^j 
 
 ^^ 
 
 M 
 
 ,1H" 
 
 OFFICE; 
 
 No. 131 West Main Street, 
 
 LOUISiZILLE, KY. 
 
 ^ a;.wtB[wGastsr*^f 
 
 S.D.PINKERTUN 
 
 
 
 H nv GALLONS 
 8 R 4SI97S. 
 
 U.S.GAUGER 
 7th Dist Ky. 
 SP APR. 2G 1881 
 
 COCHP44, 
 
 Ss 
 
 .^ ^x^.-'l'^l-f/jj t^ U. S.GAUGER 
 
 7 DIST KY. 
 
 ■.P.MAY 26 188* 
 G.42 STAMP. 
 
 7TM DIST.KY 
 
 .•^■. 
 
 
 -@ 
 
The business of distilling began at an early date in l,ouisville, and in 1816 some New England parties conceived the idea 
 of mauufaituring cheap whisky here on a large scale, and purchased 100 acres of land about the head of Portland avenue and 
 foot of Main street, and established a large distillery at a cost of $100,000. The venture was a disastrous failure, and distilling 
 only succeeded in Louisville when it began on the regular Kentucky plan. 
 
 There are now sixteen distilleries in the city, and in the revenue district, of which Louisville is the headquarters, 100, of 
 which eighty were in operation last season. The product of them all are largely controlled and handled here, as is the product 
 of ni.iny distilleries in other sections of the State, giving Louisville valid grounds for her claim to be the leading and controlling 
 market for fine Kentucky whiskies. 
 
 The largest ])roduction in any year in this district was in 1882, when 15,571,020 gallons were made. The product last 
 year amounted to 13,202,453 gallons. The care necessary in the manufacture of choice Kentucky whisky, involving as it does 
 the ])roviding of expensive plants, keeping all jiarts of the establishments clean and sweet, and selecting the choicest and sound- 
 est grain, makes it an expensive product, and gives it a high intrinsic value. The high revenue lax is not so out of proportion 
 in the case of fine whisky as it is in the case of high wines. The plants for the manufacture of high wines and other commer- 
 cial grades of distilled spirits are not nearly so exjiensive as those of whi.sky makers. The ])roduct of high wine distilleries and 
 distilling establishments is ready for the market as soon as it comes from the still, while whiskies intended for beverages are not 
 usable for a year, not fairly merchantable under three years, and improve in excellence and value every year. .-Ml of these facts 
 together make attempts on the part of whisky makers to defraud the government very unlikely. As a matter of historical fact 
 the great frauds upon the revenue have been perpetrated by the high wine makers and the rectifiers. Whisky is not adapted to 
 be a profitable vehicle for revenue frauds, and the jihrases, "whisky frauds" and " whisky rings " are misnomers. Makers of 
 Kentucky whisky are almost without exce])tion men of character and standing in their communities. They have too great an 
 investment, both in the way of character and money, to risk it by engaging in schemes to defraud the government. Men who 
 wish to make money in distilling by cheating the government of its revenue will go into the high wine and rectifying business, 
 which affords greater o])])ortunities and requires less investment, and not into whisky making. Since the regulations for collecting 
 the tax on di.stilled sjiirits were first fairly in operation there has been no fraud among the makers of whisky, except the jjctty 
 operations of the moonshiners. 
 
 No business interest subject to tax discharges more cheerfully, fully and faithfully all of its obligations to the government 
 than does the whisky interest of Kentucky. 
 
 d)- 
 
-m 
 
 _/^X_ 
 
 oisTILLErv 
 
 M/VO MAOf 
 
 SOUR MASH 
 
 \jAS.lPCPP(RiCO 
 , DISTILLERS 
 
 4fe 'I 
 
 :> 
 
 WILUAMS.eAfiNeS 
 
 ,- r^ 
 
 OlSTILliNY 
 
 Hand made 
 
 SOURMASH 
 
 PURE RYE 
 
 JASePtPH^SCO. 
 
 OlSTILLfRS.^ 
 
 iY?mc 
 
 MSTIUESY 
 
 LEXINGTON 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 THE.QIOCS'H&BEST.BRANO OFWHISKV MAPEIN- KENTUCKY. 
 
 Distilled only by Jas. E. Pepper & Co., Lexington, Ky., under the same formula for more than- 100 years, is the Purest and Best in the 
 World. Ask your dealer for it. Our own bottling at the Distillery aged under our personal supervision, is Genuine Only when bearing our 
 
 Unbroken Fac-Simile Signature Across the Stopper. The public is cautioned against imitations and refilled bottles. Sample case sent 
 
 on trial, and if not perfectly satisfactory it csn be returned to us and money will be refunded. 
 
 " Pepper" Whisky is an old fashioned whisky, made in the old time way from a Formula used more than 100 years by three genera- 
 tions of the Pepper family. It is made from Selected Rye, Barley and Corn. The material is mashed by hand, one bushel at a time, 
 in small tubs, nearly one thousand of which are constantly required for the purpose. No yeast is employed to secure an unnatural fer- 
 mentation or large yield, and we single and double through Copper Stills Over Open Fires. All the water used is from the celebrated 
 "Wilson Spring" on our premises, which is the largest Natural Spring of Pure Limestone Water in Central Kentucky. 
 
 Our cooperage is the best and of our own manufacture. T'erfect Storage warehouses, and with our methods and long experience in the 
 usiness, we claim not only to make the Oldest but Absolutely the Purest and Best brand of wh'sky made in America, and we invite com- 
 rison with any whisky of any age. 
 
 Our Mr. Jas. E. Pepper is ihe only one of his name who has been engaged in the Distilling business in Kentucky for over twenty 
 irs, and therefore any whisky offereil to the trade as genuine "Pepper" whisky is fraudulent unless distilled by us. 
 
 JAS. E. PEPPER & CO. 
 
 -@ 
 
-@ 
 
 J^itdml Gc^s. 
 
 'HF; most important event which has occurred in the recent history of Louisville is the introduction of natural gas. The ex- 
 
 (^ istence of natural gas in the vicinity of Louisville was first demonstrated at the salt wells near Brandenburg, where a flow of 
 
 gas was obtained from wells dug for salt water. This gas has for a long time been utilized in making salt, and for a less time in 
 
 iliuminatmg and heating the house of the proprietor of the wells. The idea of finding natural gas for use in Louisville was not 
 
 considered in a practical way for 
 some time after the value of it had 
 been proven in Pittsburgh and other 
 places, and until the great advant- 
 ages that manufacturing points using 
 natural gas had over competing 
 points was demonstrated by results. 
 \Vells were dug within the city limits 
 and in the vicinity, but without use- 
 ful results, and resort was finally had 
 to the region about Brandenburg ; 
 gas was found to be there in cpian- 
 tities commensurate with the needs 
 of Louisville, and a pipe line was 
 laid for conveying it to the city. 
 
 The results which will inevita- 
 recjuiring a greater number of operative?. 
 
 City Malt House. Ferdinand F. Lutz, Proprietor. 
 
 bly follow the use of natural gas, 
 and its agency in promoting the 
 growth of the city, the increase of 
 manufactures, and the attraction of 
 capital, will be far-reaching and of 
 the greatest importance to all classes 
 of citizens. 
 
 Pittsburgh, more than any other 
 city, has to this time realized the 
 benefits of natural gas. There it 
 has cheapened the production of 
 factories and improved the quality 
 of their output, and notwithstanding 
 the fact that some labor has been 
 dispensed with in handhng raw fuel 
 
 other demands have been created 
 In appearance, the <:ity seems to have been regenerated, and instead of the gloomy 
 repulsiveness which gave it the cognomen of the "Smoky City," it is now clean, bright and attractive, and wholly relieved from 
 the dense prevalence of soot and other impurities so opposed to favorable sanitary conditions. Natural gas has been in use in Pittsburgh 
 about seven years. From inexperience there has been enough wasted there to have furnished a supply for three times that 
 period, but, notwithstanding this, the supply has constantly grown, a fact which affords strong proof of its permanence, and 
 
 @- 
 
^:^Tj"izr "^o-crjE^ j^jf^n^rr-. 
 
 AT THE OLD RELIABLE- 
 
 CITY + MALT * HOUSE, 
 
 Annual Capacity, 250,000 Bushels. 
 
 Ferdinhnd F. Lutz. 
 
 x'l^o^ii.iE'roi^, 
 
 -CHOICE AND LARGE STOCK OF- 
 
 BREWERS' M DISTILLERS' MALT 
 
 Nos. 1127, 1129, 1131 Monroe and Twelfth Streets, 
 
 ICHOICE HOPS' 
 
 FROM 
 
 If. f. LUTZ j 
 
 Prices to suit the times. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 @ 
 
which, with the increasing appreciation of its vahie and economy in its use, assures a long continuance of its benefits to 
 that city. In the newer fields in Ohio and Indiana, very marked results have been shown in the rapid increase of 
 population in many towns and cities in the establishment of varied branches of manufacture, and the consequent attrac- 
 tion of operatives, promoting the material interests of capital and labor. So great is becoming the necessity of natural gas to 
 cities, in a competitive sense, that those less favored as to distance from the gas fields, are incurring a large outlay in piping it 
 long distances. Buffalo has eighty-seven miles of eight-inch pipe from the Pennsylvania district to supply her forty miles of 
 city service mains; Cincinnati has passed ordinances, granting rights for laying mains through her public ways, for gas to be 
 
 brought a distance of 
 133 miles; Chicago is 
 preparing to have it 
 brought an equal or 
 greater distance, and it 
 has already been under 
 considerat ion in the 
 Eastern cities to secure 
 the benefits of its use, 
 regardless of cost. 
 
 The Meade County 
 Gas District, from which 
 this city derives its sup- 
 ply, is a i)romising one 
 as to quantity, ijuality 
 and endurance. It is 
 already assured that 
 frfim it a very large part 
 of the city can be sup- 
 
 plied, and this will be 
 done as rapidly as 
 practicable. The 
 superior advantages of 
 Louisville as a desirable 
 residence city have now 
 been increased by the 
 introduction of natural 
 gas. Properly, either 
 for the wealthy capital- 
 ist, the well-to-do mer- 
 chant or trader, the 
 operatives in mechani- 
 cal industries, or the 
 wage earners of daily 
 labor is held at very 
 moderate prices, in 
 comparison with cities 
 of equal commercial 
 
 importance, and now that citizens of moderate means, including all factory employes and wage workers, can be cheaply supplied 
 with fuel gas — with the use of it as an illuminator, if they so choose, at a very low price — together with a cheap and convenient 
 supply of water, and cheap street railroad access to their homes, housekeeping without any servants, if jsreferred, will be at- 
 tended with comfort, peaceful enjoyment and economy. These conditions, now happily secured to our favored city, can not 
 fail to be recognized as a subject of hearty congratulation, especially as they are open, not alone to present residents, but equally 
 so to all who may come and cast their fortunes with us, where they will meet with a hearty welcome. 
 
-© 
 
 Bernheim • Bros. • & • Uri, 
 
 (9~ 
 
 'G) 
 
 And Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 Fine Kpiitucky 
 
 Bourbon I Rye 
 
 JfliHISKIES. 
 
 W" 
 
 i! 
 
 135 and 137 W. Main St. 
 
 Louisville, Ky/ 
 
 S>> 
 
 THEO. AHRENS 
 
 Presiiient. 
 
 HENRY OTT, 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 THEO. AHRENS, JR. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 The AHRENS & On M'FG Co. 
 
 PLUMBERS'. 
 
 Foundry g Machinists' Supplies 
 
 Nos. 231 to 237 FIFTH STREET. 
 
 Belting, Hose and Packing, 
 Iron Pipe and Fittings, 
 
 Steam and Hand Pumps. 
 Hancocl< Inspirators, 
 Penberttiy Injectors. 
 
 -(§> 
 
@- 
 
 The ascertained area of the territory from which the gas is now drawn is about 50,000 acres. Scientific and expert inves- 
 tigators are satisfied that it will afford an ample supply for the city. A supply sufficient for one third of the city is now available. 
 
 The Meade county gas is of very high quality. In Pennsylvania the gas is obtained from sandstone strata in the Devonian 
 
 county, and has laid mains from the wells 
 to the city, and in the streets of all that por- 
 tion of the city north of Ormsby to Chestnut 
 and from First to Si.xth and to supply the 
 factories south of Broadway and east of 
 Eighteenth, and will complete this, its first 
 district, by extending the gas mains to Main 
 street. In this district the gas was turned on 
 August 31st. It will next pipe the district 
 from First to Preston, and then the one from 
 Sixth to Eighteenth street, thus including 
 
 all the city north 
 
 formation ; in the 
 < )hio and Indiana 
 gas regions it 
 comes from the 
 Trenton group of 
 limestones in the 
 Silurian formation, 
 Meade county gas 
 is obtained from 
 the black shales. 
 105 f ee t thick, 
 overlying the De- 
 vonian limestones. 
 The natural gases 
 of Pennsylvania, 
 Ohio and Indiana, 
 
 ( arry oily or fatty saw Houses, 
 
 substances, have a decided odor and burn with 
 smoke; the Meade county gas is nearly pure 
 methyl, and gives, volume for volume, greater 
 heat than the gas of those States. The 
 volumes being the same, the ratios of heat 
 produced are, Meade county gas, 7; Ohio 
 gas, 5.9, and Pennsylvania gas, 5. The 
 com])any which has undertaken the supply of 
 the city has put down fifteen wells, and has 
 contracted for the product of all other com- 
 panies that have obtained gas in Meade 
 
 of Ormsby ave- 
 nue, from Preston 
 to Eighteenth. 
 Smaller districts 
 will be added 
 from time to time 
 in the more thickly 
 built portions out- 
 side of this limit. 
 The present 
 supply of gas is 
 sufticient for all 
 demands possible 
 along forty miles 
 of pipe in the city. 
 When arrange- 
 ments have been made to sell all this gas more wells will been sunk, other country mains laid, and the city mains extended 
 further. 
 
 The Belknap & Dumesnil Stone Co.'s Quarries, etc., at Bowling Green, Ky. 
 
J. H. LINDENBERGER, President. 
 
 JNO. B. CASTLEMAN, V-President. 
 
 WM. J. DAVIS. Manager. 
 
 Kentlicl|y ^®cl| Qas fompany, 
 
 506 W. Main Street, LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 * Proprietors of a Controlling Interest in the Natural Gas District in Meade County, Kentucky. * 
 
 m 
 
 JNO. B, CASTLEMAN, 
 
 WM, J. DAVIS, 
 
 -DII^ECTOI^S :- 
 
 J, H. LINDENBERGER. President, 
 JNO, H. WARD, R, T. DURRETT, 
 
 JAS, G, CARTER. W, J, McCONATHY. 
 
 MAXWELL S, BARKER. 
 
 NICHOLAS FINZER, 
 
 ICONGRKTULKTGRY GREETING.: 
 
 It is with great pleasure that the Kentucky Rock Gas Company announce to the citizens of Louisville, the introduction into an important 
 ilistrict of the city, of Natural Gas for heating purposes, and that ihey are now ready to make connections for its use by meter measurement. 
 Parties here who have commenced its use commend it heartily for its convenience, comfort, safety and economy, and to them the company makes 
 reference for further information. It is also in use in Meade county, both for heating and illuminating, with very satisfactory results. The 
 enterprise promi.ses highly remunerative returns to its projectors, who also enjoy the .satisfaction of promoting the general welfare of the cily by 
 lurnishing this great modern agency, which is revolutionizing industrial business, and is becoming a powerful factor in attracting to cities fav- 
 ored with it, both population and capital. An opportunity is now offered to those who desire to avail a ready means of providing for the cost 
 of this favorite fuel. The company offers to sell, for a limited period, its six per cent mortgage bonds at par and interest, with a bonus of fifty 
 per cent in the stock of the company. While the bonds are a positively good investment, the dividends on the stock may be relied on as a ready 
 means to pay, wholly or in large part, the cost of fuel for a family residence, while an additional inducement is found in the fact that the pro- 
 ceeds of such sales of bonds will be useil in making further extensions in the city of the company's mains, thereby promoting mutual advantage 
 and public benefits. 
 
 K6NTUCKY ROCK GKS CO. 
 
 -@ 
 
The price at which the gas is now furnished is 25 cents per thousand cubic feet, less a discount of 10 cents from the face 
 of all hills paid within the first six working days after they fall due. This makes the price 22^ cents per one thousand feet net. 
 Discounts from retail prices are made to factories according to class, from 10 cents to 15 cents and twenty cents. This puts the 
 ]irice within the price of Pittsburgh lump. No. i fuel, at $2.50 a ton. Use of the gas in the residence of Major Wm. J. Davis, 
 manager of the company, with meter, has demonstrated this. The e<iuivalent to one ton of coal in gas, economically used, is 
 8,000 feet; or if somewhat carelessly used, possibly between 9,000 and 10,000 feet. The retail price of gas at 22 "2 cents per 
 thousand feet used in this way would be equivalent to Pittsburgh lump at from $i.So to $2.25 per ton. This comparison takes 
 no account of incidental advantages referred to above ; .saving in papering and painting, in wear of carpets and upholstered fur- 
 niture, in washing of curtains, preservation of paintings, engravings, books, etc. : increase of comfort by getting the e.xact heat 
 }ou want, and maintaining an even temperature : economy in house service, as when coal is used a house of ten rooms or more 
 can not be kejit with less than two servants, in addition to cook and laundress, the work of one of those consisting almost exclu- 
 sively in taking up coals, removing ashes and wiping off soot, while if gas is used one of these can readily be dispensed with, 
 in some cities where gas is used servants have already begun to make a difference in wages in favor of emjiloyers occupying 
 houses furnished with gas of 50 cents a weeks. For domestic use gas is luxurious, perfect, the ideal of fuel. 
 
 In factories gas effects a great saving of labor, room and dirt. The factories which have begun to use it in Louisville are 
 enthusiastic in its praise. Experience has shown that landlords not only insure a good class of tenants by providing their houses 
 with this kind of fuel, but find it to their interest to ])ay for pi])ing their houses in order to get the benefit of the saving of paper- 
 ing and ]>ainting that it insures. 
 
 The next writer who prepares a sketch of Louisville and her industries will note the introduction of natural gas as an e])Och 
 in iier hi.story. 
 
-® 
 
 E. R. BURGHARD. 
 
 PRCSIOENT. 
 
 CHAS. MOENCH, 
 
 SCCHtTAnV. 
 
 FRED. SCHUPP, 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 JOHN SCHMIDT, 
 
 M ANAaCR. 
 
 The Schupp & Schmidt Mt'g Co. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 (Jwpels # Oil Ciol|8, 
 
 WINDOM SHHDES, 
 
 Rugs, Lace and Portiere Curtains, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 Pallor (nilBetl-Ilooiii 
 
 FURNITURE. 
 
 All • Kinds • of • Canvas • Work. 
 
 MwNiNCS. Tents hnd Thrphulins. 
 
 -All Kinds of Upholstering. Mattresses and Bedding: Done to Order.- 
 
 Telcphone 438, Ring 2. 
 
 421 and 423 W. Market St., bet. 4tli and 5th, Nortli Side, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 — @ 
 
$ 
 
 FIREWORKS • HMPHITHEHTRE. 
 
 DANIEL QUILP, JAMES B. CAMP, 
 
 Sole Proprietor and Manager. Business Manascr. 
 
 ♦ ♦ ■ 
 
 Most Gorgeous and Brilliant Spectacle of Modern Times. 
 
 ^^i^^^ PAI N'S ^iiEEi==E^ 
 
 Last Days of Pompeii i 
 
 300. THREE HUNDRED PEOPLE. 300. 
 
 Magnificent Scenery, Inspiring Action, 
 
 Gorgeotis Pageantry, Entrancing Ballet, 
 
 Beatitiftil Costumes. Charming Music, 
 
 Grand dioruses. Military Marches, 
 
 Athletic Games, Blazing Armor, 
 
 Hovel Mechanical Effects. Wonderful Fire Scene. 
 
 Special Performances Last Week, Sept. 30, Oct. 2, 3, 5, No Performances during Dramatic Festival Weel(. 
 
 ADMISSION, 25 Cts. CHILDREN, 10 Cts. 
 
 BOX OFFICE: Piano House D. H. Baldwin & Co., 236 Fourth Avenue. 
 ^ tl ^ 
 
HENRY HARRISON GWINN, M. D., 
 
 Scientific Discoverer of Disease and its Cure. Lecturer on Physiology of Fever and 
 Animal Chemistry. 
 
 PROPRIETOR AND COMPOUNDER OF 
 
 GWINN'S FEVER CAPSULES, 
 
 An antidote for disease. There being but one disease, he has dis- 
 covered the only true remedy to remove it from the human system, 
 and that is by purifying the blood. The cures that Dr. Gwinn has 
 etfected with tliese Capsules are wonderful, and the large number 
 of sworn affidavits from the cured, places the Gwinn Fever Capsules 
 upon the market without a rival. Any form of fever cured in from 
 four to six days. This has been proven by absolute tesls. If you 
 IT a friend are suffering, give Gwinn's Capsules a triaK 
 
 Office, Laboratory and Dispensary, 625 Third Street. 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 SoiitlieinIii(lustrial]{e!lew 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 I^euieiu publisl7i9(5 ^ompapy, 
 
 241 FIFTH STREET, LOUISiZILLE, KY. 
 
 Devoted to the Industries and Trade of the South. 
 
 SEND FOR SAMPLE COPY. 
 
 TH E 
 
 Wine and Spirit Bulletin, 
 
 PUBLISHED BV THE 
 
 Baiietip pabiist}ii>g Gon>pany. 
 
 Devoted to the Interests of the Wine and Spirit Trade. 
 
 241 FIFTH STREET, 
 
 LOUISVILLE, KY. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION. $5.00 PER YEAR. 
 
 Louisville & St. Louis Air Line, 
 
 (L., E.&St. L. R. R.) 
 
 6o Miles Sliortest to St. Louis 
 
 HND HLL PCINTS MEST HND SOUTHWEST. 
 
 Only direct line to Evansville, Rockport, Tell City and Cannelton, 
 Ird. Elegant Parlor Cars on day trains. Pullman's latest improved 
 sleepers on Night trains. 
 
 CITY TICKET OFFICES : 
 
 S. E. Cor. Third and Main Sts.. Louisville. 116 North Fourth Street. St. Louis. 
 
 St. George Hotel. Evansville. 
 
 Jos. S. Odiorne, Gen'l Pass. Agt. G J. Grammer, Traffic Manager. 
 
©3 
 
 ^l\e Satellites of JVT^rcary. (§) 
 
 THE RAOEANT. 
 
 On the night of Friday, October 4th, the (irand Allegorical Pageant of the Satellites will proceed through the 
 principal streets of the city. There will be sixty more characters than in the Pageant of 1888, and the finest spec- 
 tacle ever witnessed in the streets of any American city is promised. At the close of the Parade there will be a 
 (Irand Reception at the Norton \i.iditorium on Fourth street. Mrs. Buckner, wife of the tlovernor of the State, 
 will be Chief Matron, and her Maids of Honor will be selected from among the handsomest voung ladies of the 
 State. The decorations, costumes and general effect will make the gathering in the great hall of the Auditorium 
 a sight worth coming miles to see. 
 
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