§Iass. COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT I"'--'- 1_ ; _.. . .' "Not my will, but thine, be done." Luke 22s 42. <&\\t 3lmttatt0« 3a\xx Snoka By THOMAS A. KEMPIS ^tmBth ©ranfllatton NEW YORK THE CHRISTIAN HERALD, LOUIS KLOPSCH, Proprietor 91 to 115 Bible'House LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two Conies Received NOV 26 1 906 CLASS A XXc., NO. ' S J£V> Copyright, 1906, By Louis Klopsch Old, yet ever new, is the precious volume here placed in the hands of the reader. Pious souls, for well-nigh five hundred years, have found in these pages inspiration, comfort and encouragement. Men of every Christian denomination have turned from the turmoil and discord of the world's arenas to find sweetness and peace in the atmosphere of this ^olume. Souls in darkness and in the shadow of death, have derived from it fortitude and new hope. As the very medicine of the soul, it has imparted life and new vigor to the weary and the heavy- laden. The poor dumb spirit, restive under the restrictions of inadequate utter- ance, hears in its glowing words, its own emotions and aspirations expressed in terms that satisfy its needs. Like the Psalms of David, the Imitation seems to find a brotherhood of feeling in every de- vout soul. PREFATORY NOTE Living long before the Reformation, the keen intellect of A Kempis perceived, as clearly as did Luther, the essential need of the soul for faith and union with Christ, below the forms and ceremonies of ritual- ism. His intense reverential love for the Saviour filled his heart to overflowing. John Wesley himself, could find no other book so helpful to his converts; and he accordingly issued a translation of it under his own hand. In all lands the Imitation has been recognized and hailed as the best aid, outside of the Bible, to devotion ; and when some years ago a collection of the various translations and versions was made at Cologne, it was found that the languages and dialects in which it had been given to the world, exceeded five hundred. Such a work can never lose its value ; and it will, we firmly believe, be as helpful to the Christian of the twentieth century, as it was to the Christians who first welcomed it five centuries ago. fflnttfrtttfi THE FIRST BOOK ADMONITIONS, USEFUL FOR A SPIRITUAL LIFE Chap. Pago I. Of the imitation of Christ, and contempt of all the vanities of the world 15 II. Of the humble conceit of our- selves 17 III. Of the doctrine of Truth 19 IV. Of forethought in our actions. 23 V. Of the reading of Holy Scrip- tures 24 VI. Of inordinate affections 25 VII. Of flying vain hope and pride. 26 VIII. That too much familiarity is to be shunned 27 IX. Of obedience and subjection. . 28 X. Of avoiding superfluity in words 30 XI. Of the obtaining of peace, and zealous desire of progress in grace 31 XII. Of the profit of adversity 34 XIII. Of resisting temptations 35 XIV. Of avoiding rash judgment. . . 39 XV. Of works done for charity.... 40 XVI. Of bearing with the defects of others 42 XVII. Of a retired life 44 XVIII. Of the examples 4 of the Holy Fathers 45 5 CONTENTS Chap. Page XIX. Of the exercises of a good re- ligious person 48 XX. Of the love of solitude and silence 52 XXI. Of contrition of heart 56 XXII. Of the consideration of human misery 59 XXIII. Of meditation on death 63 XXIV. Of judgment, and the punish- ment of sinners 68 XXV. Of the zealous amendments of our whole life 72 THE SECOND BOOK ADMONITIONS PERTAINING TO INWARD THINGS Chap. Page I. Of the inward life. 81 II. Of humble submission 85 III. Of a good peaceable man 87 IV. Of a pure mind, and simple intention 89 V. Of the consideration of one's self 90 VI. Of the joy of a good con- science 92 VII. Of the love of Jesus above all things 94 VIII. Of familiar converse with jjesus 96 IX. Of the want of all comfort. ... 99 X. Of gratitude for the grace of God 103 XI. How few are the lovers of the Cross of Jesus 106 XII. Of the King's high way of the holy Cross 108 CONTENTS THE THIRD BOOK OF INTERNAL CONSOLATION Chap. Page I. Of Christ's speaking inwardly to the faithful soul 119 II. That the truth speaketh in- wardly without noise of words 120 III. That the words of God are to be heard with humility, and that many weigh them not. . 122 IV. That we ought to live in truth and humility before God.... 126 V. Of the wonderful effect of divine love 128 VI. Of the proving of a true lover. 132 VII. Of concealing grace under the guard of humility 135 VIII. Of a mean conceit of ourselves in the sight of God 139 IX. That all things are to be re- ferred unto God, as their last end 141 X. That to despise the world and serve God, is sweet 142 XI. That the longings of our hearts are to be examined and ruled 145 XII. Of the growth of patience in the soul, and of the struggle against concupiscence 147 XIII. Of the obedience of one in humble subjection, after the example of Jesus Christ.... 150 XIV. Of the duty of considering the secret judgments of God. that so we be not lifted up for any thing good in us 152 XV. In every thing which we desire, how we ought to stand af- 7 CONTEXTS Chap. Page fected, und what we ought to say 154 XVI. That true comfort is to be found in God alone. 156 XVII. That all our anxieties are to be placed on God 158 XVIII. That temporal miseries must be borne patiently, after the example of Christ 159 XIX. Of the endurance of injuries, and who is approved to be truly patient 161 XX. Of the acknowledging of our own infirmity ; and of the miseries of this life 163 XXI. That we are to rest in God above all things which are good, and above all his own gifts ' 166 XXII. Of the remembrance of God's manifold benefits 170 XXIII. Of four things that bring much inward peace 173 XXIV. Of avoiding curious inquiry into the life of another 176 XXV. Wherein firm peace of heart and true spiritual progress consisteth 177 XXVI. Of the excellency of a free mind, which is rather won by humble prayer than by reading 179 XXVII. That it is private love which most hindereth from the chiefest good 181- XXVIII. Against the tongues of slan- derers 184 XXIX. How we ought to call upon God, and to bless Him, when tribulation is upon us 185 CONTENTS Ohap. Page XXX. Of seeking the divine aid, and confidence of recovering grace 186 XXXI. Of the disregard of every crea- ture, that so the Creator may be found 190 XXXII. Of self-denial, and renouncing every evil appetite 193 XXXIII. Of inconstancy of heart, and of having our final intention di- rected unto God 195 XXXIV. That God is sweet above all things, and in all things, to him that loveth Him 196 XXXV. That there is no security from temptation in this life 199 XXXVI. Against the vain judgments of men 201 XXXVII. Of pure and entire resignation of ourselves, for the obtain- ing freedom of heart 203 XXXVIII. Of good government in things external, and of having re- course to God in dangers... 205 XXXIX. That a man should not be fret- ful in matters of business... 206 XL. That man hath no good of himself, nor of any thing can he glory 207 XLI. Of the contempt of all tempo- ral honour 210 XLII. That our peace is not to be set on men 211 XLIII. Against vain and worldly knowledge 212 XLIV. Of not drawing trouble to our- selves from outward things. 215 XLV. That credit is not to be given to all, and that man is prone to offend in words 216 9 CONTENTS Chap. Page XLVI. Of putting our trust in God when the arrows of words assail us 219 XLVII. That all grievous things are to be endured for the sake of eternal life 222 XLVIII. Of the day of eternity, and this life's straitnesses 224 XLIX. Of the desire of eternal life, and great rewards are pro- mised, to those that struggle 228 L. How a desolate man ought to offer himself into the hands of God 233 LI. That a man ought to take his stand in works of humility, when he faileth from the highest works 237 LII. That a man ought not to ac- count himself as worthy of comfort, but rather as de- serving of stripes 239 LIIL That the grace of God doth not join itself with those who relish earthly things 241 LIV. Of the different motions of na- ture and grace 244 LV. Of the corruption of nature, and efficacy of divine grace . . 249 LVI. That we ought to deny our- selves and imitate Christ by the Cross 252 LVII. That a man should not be too much dejected, when he fail- eth into some defects 255 LVIII. That high matters and God's secret judgments are not to be narrowly inquired into... 257 LIX. That all our hope and trust is to be fixed in God alone 263 10 CONTENTS THE FOURTH BOOK A DEVOUT EXHORTATION TO THE HOLY COMMUNION Chap. Page Introduction 269 I. With how great reverence the emblems of Christ ought to to be received 270 II. That the great goodness and love of God is exhibited to man in this Sacrament 276 III. That it is profitable to com- municate often 280 IV. That many benefits are be- stowed upon them that com- municate devoutly 283 V. Of the dignity of this Sacra- ment, and the priestly estate. 287 VI. An inquiry concerning spirit- ual exercise before Com- munion 289 VII. Of thoroughly searching our own conscience, and of pur- pose of amendment 290 VIII. Of the oblation of Christ on the Cross, and of resignation of ourselves 293 IX. That we ought to offer up our- selves and all that is ours unto God, and to pray for all 294 X. That the Holy Communion is not lightly to be forborne. . . 297 XL That the Blood of Christ and the Holy Scriptures are most necessary unto a faithful soul 302 XII. That he who is about to com- municate in Christ ought to prepare himself with great diligence 307 11 CONTENTS Chap. Pa S e XIII. That the devout soul ought with the whole heart to seek union with Christ in the Sacrament 310 XIV. Of the fervent desire of cer- tain devout persons to re- ceive the emblems of the Body of Christ 312 XV. That the grace of devotion is obtained by humility and de- nial of ourselves 314 XVI. That we ought to lay open our necessities to Christ, and to crave His grace 317 XVII. Of fervent love, and vehement desire to be united with Christ 318 XVIII. That a man should not be a curious searcher into the Holy Sacrament, but an humble follower of Christ, submit- ting his sense to holy faith. 322 Index of Scriptural Quotations 325 References to other Writings 329 Index of Subjects 331 12 31je 3lmttait0tt of (Efjriat THE FIRST BOOK A&momttottH Hfirful for a spiritual IGtfe AbmnmttottB larful fnr a Spiritual IGtfe CHAPTER L OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST, AND CONTEMPT OF ALL THE VANITIES OF THE WORLD E that follozveth Me, walketh not in darkness 1 , saith the Lord. These are the words of Christ, by which we are admonished, how we ought to imitate His life and manners, if we would truly be enlightened, and delivered from all blindness of heart. Let therefore our chiefest endeavour be, to meditate upon the life of Jesus Christ. The doctrine of Christ exceedeth all the doctrine of holy men ; and he that hath the Spirit will find therein the hidden manna 2 . But it falleth out that many who often hear the Gospel of Christ, feel little desire after it, because they have not the Spirit of Christ 3 . But Whosoever will fully and 1 S. John viii. 12. 2 Rev. ii. 17. 3 Rom. viii. 9. 15 OF CONTEMPT OF WORLDLY VANITIES with relish understand the words of Christ, must endeavour to conform his life wholly to the life of Christ. 2. What doth it avail thee to discourse profoundly of the Trinity, if thou be void of humility, and art thereby displeasing to the Trinity? Surely profound words do not make a man holy and just; but a vir- tuous life maketh him dear to God. I had rather feel contrition, than know the defi- nition thereof. If thou didst know the whole Bible by heart, and the sayings of all the philosophers, what would all that profit thee without the love of God 1 , and without His grace? Vanity of vanities, and all is vanity 2 , ex- cept to love God, and to serve Him only. This is the highest wisdom, by contempt of the world to press forward towards heavenly kingdoms. Vanity therefore it is, to seek after per- ishing riches, and to trust in them. Vanity also it is to hunt after honours, and to climb to high degree. Vanity it is to fol- low the desires of the flesh, and to long after that for which thou must afterwards suffer grievous punishment. Vanity it is, to wish to live long, and to be careless to live well Vanity it is to mind only this present life, and not to foresee those things which are to come. Vanity it is to set 1 1 Cor. xiii. 2. * Eccles. i. 2. 16 OK TliK HUMBLE CONCEIT 0* OURSELVES thy love on that which speedily passeth away, and not to hasten thither where everlasting joy abideth. Call often to mind that proverb, The eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear ■filled with hearing 1 . Endeavour therefore to withdraw thy heart from the love of visible things, and to turn thyself to things invisible. For they that follow their own sensuality, defile their conscience, and lose the grace of God. CHAPTER II. OF THE HUMBLE CONCEIT OF OURSELVES EVERY man naturally desireth to know 2 ; but what availeth knowl- edge without the fear of God? Better, surely, is an humble rus- tic that serveth God, than a proud phil- osopher that, neglecting himself, studieth the course of the heavens 3 . Whoso know- eth himself well, groweth mean in his own conceit, and delighteth not in the praises of men. If I understood all things in the world, and were not in charity 4 , what would that help me in the sight of God, who will judge me according to my deeds? Cease from an inordinate desire of knowing, for therein is found much dis- 1 Eccles. i. 8. 2 Eccles. i. 13; Arist. Metaphys. L. I. 3 S. Augustine, Confess. V. 4. * 1 Cor. xiii. 2. 17 OF THE HUMBLE CONCEIT OF OURSELVES traction and deceit. The learned are well pleased to seem so to others, and to be accounted wise. There be many things, which to know doth little or nothing profit the soul : and he is very unwise, who is intent upon any things save those which avail for his salvation. Many words do not satisfy the soul ; but a good life com- forteth the mind, and a pure conscience giveth great confidence towards God. How much the more and the better thou knowest, so much the more rigorously shalt thou therefore be judged, unless thy life hath been the more holy. Be not therefore lifted up for any art or science, but rather fear for the knowledge that is given thee. 2. If thou thinkest that thou knowest many things and understandest them very well ; know also that there be far more things which thou knowest not. Be not high-minded 1 , but rather acknowledge thine own ignorance. Why w T ilt thou pre- fer thyself before another, since there be found many more learned, and more skil- ful in the Law than thou art? If thou wilt know or learn any thing profitably, love to be unknown, and to be esteemed as naught. The deepest and the most profitable les- son is this, the true knowledge and con- 1 Roin. xii. 16. 18 OF TI1K DOCTRINE 0* TRUTH tempt of ourselves. It is great wisdom and high perfection to esteem nothing of ourselves, and to think always well and highly of others. If thou shouldst see another openly sin, or commit some hein- ous offence, thou oughtest not to esteem the better of thyself ; for thou knowest not how long thou shalt be able to remain in good estate. All of us are frail 1 , but thou oughtest not to think anyone more frail than thyself. CHAPTER III. OF THE DOCTRINE OF TRUTH HAPPY is he whom the Truth by itself doth teach 2 , not by figures and words that pass away; but as it is in itself. Our own opin- ion and our own sense do often deceive us, and they discern but little. What availeth a great cavilling and dis- puting about dark and hidden things 3 ; concerning which we shall not be reproved in the Judgment because we knew them not? It is a great folly to neglect the things that are profitable and necessary, and give our minds to things curious and hurtful: having eyes, see we not 4 "? And what have we to do with genus and spe- cies? He to whom the Eternal Word 1 Gen. viil. 21. * Psalm xciv. 12. 8 Eccles. ill. 9-11. 4 Psalm cxv. 5; S. Mark viii. 18. 19 OF THE DOCTRINE OF TRUTH speaketh, is set free from many opinions. From that one Word are all things, and that one all things speak; and this is the Beginning, which also speaketh unto its 1 . No man without that understandeth or judgeth rightly. He to whom all things are one, and who draweth all things to one, and seeth all things in one, can be steadfast in heart, and peaceably repose in God. O God, who art the truth, make me one with Thee in continual charity. I am weary often to read and hear many things : in Thee is all that I desire and long for. Let , all teachers hold their peace; let all crea- tures be silent in Thy sight; speak unto me Thou alone. 2. The more a man is at one within himself, and becometh single in heart, so much the more and higher things doth he without labour understand; for that he receiveth the light of the understanding from above 2 . A pure, sincere, and stable spirit is not distracted in a multitude of affairs.; for that it worketh all to the hon- our of God, and inwardly striveth to be at rest from all self-seeking. Who hindereth and troubleth thee more than the unmor- tified affections of thine own heart? A good and devout man disposeth within himself beforehand his works which he is 1 S. John vii. 23 (Vulgate). 2 S. Matt. xi. 25; S. Luke x. 21. 20 oV THE DOCTRINE Otf TRUTH to do before the world. Neither do they draw him according to the desires of a sinful inclination, but he himself ordereth them according to the decision of right reason. Who hath a harder struggle than he that laboureth to conquer himself? This ought to be our endeavour, to con- quer ourselves, and daily to wax stronger than ourselves, and to make some progress for good. 3. All perfection in this life hath some imperfection bound up w r ith it; and no knowledge of ours is without some dark- ness. An humble knowledge of thyself is a surer way to God than a deep search after learning; yet learning is not to be blamed, nor the mere knowledge of any thing whatsoever, for knowledge is good, considered in itself, and ordained by God ; but a good conscience and a virtuous life are always to be preferred before it. But because many endeavour rather to know than to live well ; therefore they are often deceived, and reap either none, or scantv fruit. O, if men bestowed as much labour in the rooting out of vices, and planting of virtues, as they do in proposing questions, there would neither be so great evils and scandals in the world, nor so much loose- ness in religious houses. ' 21 of the: doctrine of truth Truly, when the day of judgment Com- eth, we shall not be examined what we have read, but what we have done 1 ; not how well we have spoken, but how relig- iously we have lived. Tell me, where are now all those Mas- ters and Doctors, with whom thou wast well acquainted whilst they lived and flourished in learning? Now others pos- sess their livings, and perhaps do scarce ever think of them. In their lifetime they seemed to be somewhat, but now they are not spoken of. O, how quickly passeth away the glory of the world 2 ! that their life had been answerable to their learning! then had their study and reading been to good purpose. How many perish by reason of vain learning 3 in this world, who take little care of the serving of God : and because they rather choose to be great than humble, therefore they come to naught in their imaginations 4 . He is truly great, that is great in char- ity. He is truly great, that is little in himself, and that maketh no account of any height of honour 5 . He is truly wise, that accounteth all earthly things as dung, that he may gain Christ 6 . And he is truly very learned, that doeth the will of God, and forsaketh his own will. 1 S. Matt. xxy. 2 Eccles. ii. 11. 3 Tit. i. 10. 4 Rom. i. 21. e S. Matt. xvii. 4 and xxiii. 11. 6 Phil. iii. 8. 22 w of forethought CHAPTER IV. OF FORETHOUGHT IN OUR ACTIONS E ought not to believe every saying or suggestion 1 , but ought warily and patiently to ponder the mat- ter with reference to God. But alas ! such is our weakness, that we often rather believe and speak evil of others than good. Those that are perfect men do not easily give credit to every tale ; for they know that human infirmity is prone to evil 2 , and very subject to slip in words 3 . 2. It is great wisdom not to be rash in thfy actions 4 , nor to stand obstinately in thine own conceits ; it belongeth also to this same wisdom not to believe every thing which thou nearest, nor presently to pour into the ears of others 5 what thou hast heard or believed. Consult with a man that is wise and conscientious, and seek to be instructed by a better than thy- self, rather than to follow thine own in- ventions 6 . A good life maketh a man wise accord- ing to God 7 , and giveth him experience in many things 8 . The more humble a man is in himself, and the more resigned unto God; so much the more prudent shall he be in all things, and the more at peace. 1 John iv. 1. 2 Gen. viii. 21. 3 Tames iii. 2. 4 Prov. xix. 2. 5 Prov. xvii. 9. a Prov. xii. 13. 7 Prov. xv. 33. 8 Eccles. i. 16. 23 OF THE READING OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES CHAPTER V. OF THE READING OF HOLY SCRIPTURES T RUTH is to be sought for in the Holy Scriptures, not eloquence; every Holy Scripture ought to be read with the same Spirit where- with it was written 1 . We should rather search after profit in the Scriptures, than subtilty of speech. 2. We ought to read devout and simple books as willingly as the high and pro- found. Let not the authority of the writer offend thee, whether he be of great or small learning; but let the love of pure truth draw thee to read 2 . Search not who spoke this or that, but mark what is spoken. Men pass away, but the truth of the Lord remaineth for ever 3 . God speak- eth unto us in sundry ways, without re- spect of persons 4 . 3. Our own curiosity often hindereth us in reading of the Scriptures, when we de- sire to understand and discuss that which we should rather without more ado pass over. If thou desire to reap profit, read with humility, simplicity, and faithfulness ; nor ever desire the reputation of learning. Enquire willingly, and hear with silence 1 Rom. xv. 4. - 1 Cor. ii. 4. 3 Psalm cxvii. 2; S. Luke xxi. 33. 4 Rom. ii. 11.; x. 12; Col. iii. 11. 24 OK Till! [NORDINATE AFFECTIONS the words of holy men: let not the teach- ings of the elders displease thee, for they are not recounted without cause 1 . CHAPTER VI. OF INORDINATE AFFECTIONS WHENSOEVER a man desireth any thing inordinately, he is forth- with disquieted in himself. The proud and covetous are never at rest. The poor and humble in spirit dwell in the abundance of peace 2 . 2. The man that is not yet perfectly dead to himself, is quickly tempted ; and he is overcome in small and trifling things. The weak in spirit, and he that is yet in a manner carnal and prone to things of sense, can hardly withdraw himself alto- gether from earthly desires : and there- fore he hath often sadness, when he with- draweth himself from them ; and easily falleth into indignation, if any one resist- eth him. And if he hath attained that which he lusteth after, he is forthwith burdened with remorse of conscience ; for that he followed his own passion, which helpeth him nothing to the obtaining of the peace he sought for. 3. True peace of heart therefore is found 1 Prov. i. 6; Eccles. xii. 9; Eccles. xxxii. 8-9. 2 Psalm xxxvii. 11. OF FRYING VAIN HOPE AND PRIDE by resisting our passions, not by obeying them. There is then no peace in the heart of a carnal man, nor in him that is given up to outward things, but in the fervent and spiritual man. CHAPTER VII. OF FLYING VAIN HOPE AND PRIDE VAIN is he that setteth his hope in man 1 , or in creatures. Be not thou ashamed to serve others for the love of Jesus Christ; nor to be esteemed poor in this world. Presume not upon thyself, but place thy hope in God 2 . Do what lieth in thee, and God will assist thy good will. Trust not in thine own knowledge 3 , nor in the subtilty of any living creature ; but rather in the grace of God, who helpeth the humble, and humbleth those that are self-presuming 4 . 2. Glory not in wealth if thou have it, nor in friends because they are powerful ; but in God who giveth all things, and above all desireth to give thee Himself. Extol not thyself for the height of thy stature, or beauty of thy person, which is disfigured and destroyed by a little sick- ness. 1 Jer. xviu 5. 2 Psalm xxxi. 1. 3 Jer. ix. 23. 4 Peter v. 5. 26 OF TOO MUCH FAMILIARITY Take not pleasure in thy natural gifts, or talent, lest thereby thou displease God, whose is all the good, whatsoever thou hast by nature. Esteem not thyself better than others 1 , lest perhaps in the sight of God, who knoweth what is in man, thou be accounted worse than they. Be not proud of good works 2 ; for the judgments of God are dif- ferent from the judgments of men, and that often offendeth Him which pleaseth men. If there be any good in thee, be- lieve better things of others, that so thou mayest preserve humility. It doth no hurt to thee to set thyself lower than all men, but it hurteth thee exceedingly if thou set thyself before even one many Continual peace is with the humble ; but in the heart of the proud is envy and frequent indignation. CHAPTER VIII. THAT TOO MUCH FAMILIARITY IS TO BE SHUNNED LAY not thy heart open to every man 3 ; but treat of thy affairs with the wise and him that fear- eth God. Converse not much with young people and strangers 4 . Flat- ter not the rich : and before great person- 1 Exodus iii. 11. 2 Job ix. 20. ' s Eccles. viii. 22. * Prov. v. 10. 27 OF OBEDIENCE AND SUBJECTION ages appear thou not willingly. Keep company with the humble and the simple, with the devout and the virtuous ; and con- fer with them of those things that may edify. Be not familiar with any woman; but in general commend all good women to God. 2. Desire to be familiar with God alone and His Angels, and avoid the acquaint- ance of men. We must have charity towards all, but familiarity with all is not expedient. Sometimes it falleth out, that a person unknown to us waxeth bright from the good report of others; yet his presence darkeneth the eyes of the behold- ers. We think sometimes to please others by our company, and we begin rather to displease them with the wickedness which they discover in us. CHAPTER IX. OF OBEDIENCE AND SUBJECTION m T is a very great matter to stand in obedience ; to live under a superior; and not to be at our own disposing. It is much safer to be in subjection, than in authority. Many are under obedience, rather for necessity than for charity; such are dis- contented, and do easily murmur. Neither can they attain to freedom of mind, unless 28 0* OBEDIENCE AND SUBJECTION with their whole heart they put them- selves under obedience for the love of God. Run hither and thither, thou shalt find no rest, but in humble subjection under the rule of a superior. Fancy and continual changing of places have deceived many. 2. True it is, that every one willingly doeth that which agreeth with his own mind ; and is apt to affect those most that are like-minded with him. But if God is amongst us, we must sometimes leave even our own mind to gain the blessing of peace. Who is so wise that he can fully know all things ? Be not therefore too confident in thine own mind ; but be willing to hear the mind of others. If that which thou thinkest is good, and yet thou partest with this very thing for God, and followest another, it shall be bet- ter for thee. I have often heard, that it is safer to hear and to take counsel, than to give it. It may also fall out, that each one's opinion may be good ; but to refuse to yield to others when reason or a special cause requireth it, is a sign of pride and obstinacy. 2Q OF SUPERFLUITY IN WORDS CHAPTER X. OF AVOIDING SUPERFLUITY IN WORDS F LY the tumult of men as much as thou canst 1 ; for the talk of worldly affairs is a great hin- drance, although they be dis- coursed of with sincere intention; for we are quickly defiled, and enthralled with vanity. Oftentimes I could wish that I had held my peace; and that I had not been among men. 2. But why do we so willingly speak and talk one with another, when notwithstand- ing we seldom return to silence without hurt of conscience 2 ? The cause why we so willingly talk, is because by discoursing one with another, we seek to receive com- fort one of another, and desire to ease a heart overwearied with conflicting thoughts ; and we very willingly talk and think of those things which we most love or desire; or of those which we feel are contrary unto us. But alas, oftentimes in vain, and to no end; for this outward comfort is the cause of no small loss of inward and divine comfort. 3. Therefore we must watch and pray 3 , lest our time pass away idly. If it be law- 1 S. Matt. iv. 1.; xiv. 23; S. John vi. 15. 2 S. Matt vii. 1; Rom. ii. 1. s Matt. xxvi. 41. 30 OF Till-: OBTAINING OI- PEACE ful and expedient for thee to speak, speak those things that may edify. An evil cus- tom and neglect of our own good often maketh us to set no watch before our mouth 1 . Yet devout discourses of spirit- ual things do greatly further our spiritual growth, especially when persons of one mind and spirit be gathered together in God 2 . CHAPTER XI. OF THE OBTAINING OF PEACE, AND ZEALOUS DESIRE OF PROGRESS IN GRACE WE might enjoy much peace, if we would not busy ourselves with the words and deeds of other men, which appertain nothing to our care. How can he abide long in peace, who thrusteth himself into the cares of others, who seeketh occasions abroad, who little or seldom recollecteth himself within his own breast? Blessed are the single-hearted ; for they shall enjoy much peace. Why were some of the Saints so perfect and contemplative? Because they studied to mortify themselves wholly to all earthly desires ; and therefore they could from their very heart's core fix themselves upon God, and be free to retire within them- selves. 1 Psalm cxli. 3. 2 Acts i. 14; Rom. xv. 5, G. 31 OF THE OBTAINING OF PEACE We are too much holden by our own passions, and too much troubled about transitory things. We seldom overcome even one vice perfectly, and are not set on fire to grow better every day; and there- fore we remain cold and lukewarm. If we were perfectly dead unto ourselves, and not entangled within our own breasts, then should we be able to relish things divine, and to know something of heav- enly contemplation. The greatest, and indeed the whole im- pediment is, that we are not disentangled from our passions and lusts, neither do we endeavour to enter into the perfect path of the Saints. ' When any small adversity meeteth us, we are too quickly cast down, and turn to human consolation. 2. If we would endeavour like brave men to stand in the battle, surely we should behold above us the help of God from Heaven. For He Himself who giv- eth us occasions to fight, to the end we may get the victory, is ready to succour those who strive, and trust in His grace. If we esteem our progress in religious life to consist only in some outward ob- servances, our devotion will quickly have an end. But let us lay the axe to the root 1 , that being freed from passions, we may possess our soul in peace. 1 S. Matt. iii. 10. 32 OF Til K OBTAINING OF PEACE If every year we would root out one vice, we should soon become perfect men. But now oftentimes we perceive it goeth contrary, and that we were better and purer at the beginning of our entrance into the religious life, than after many years of our profession. Our fervour and profiting should in- crease daily : but now it is accounted a great matter, if a man can retain but some part of his first zeal. If we would use some little violence at the beginning, then afterwards should we be able to perform all things with ease and delight. It is a hard matter to leave off that to which we are accustomed, but it is harder to go against our own wills. But if thou dost not overcome little and easy things, how wilt thou overcome harder things ? Resist thy inclination in the very beginning, and unlearn an evil habit, lest perhaps by little and little it draw thee into greater difficulty. O if thou didst but consider how much peace unto thyself, and joy unto others, thou shouldst procure by demeaning thy- self well, I trow thou wouldest be more solicitous for thy spiritual progress! 33 m mm OF THE PROFIT OF ADVERSITY CHAPTER XII. OF THE PROFIT OF ADVERSITY T is good for us that we sometimes have some wearinesses and cross- es ; for they often call a man back to his own heart; that he may know that he is here in banishment, and may not set his trust in any worldly thing. It is good that we sometimes endure contradictions; and that men think ill or meanly of us; and this, although we do and intend well. These things help often to humility, and defend us from vain glory : for then we the more seek God for our inward witness, when outwardly we are condemned by men, and when no good is believed of us. And therefore a man should settle him- self so fully in God, that he need not to seek many consolations of men. 2. When a man of good will 1 is afflicted, tempted, or troubled with evil thoughts; then he understandeth better the great need he hath of God, without whom he perceiveth he can do nothing that is good. Then also he sorroweth, lamenteth, and prayeth, by reason of the miseries he suf- fereth. Then he is weary of living longer, 1 S. Luke ii. 14 (Vulgate). 34 OF RESIST] W. TK\i PTATIONS and wisheth that death would come, that he might be dissolved and be with Christ 1 . Then also he well pereeivelh, that perfect security and full peace cannot exist in this world. CHAPTER XIII. OF RESISTING TEMPTATIONS O long- as we live in the world we cannot be without tribulation and temptation. Accordingly it is written in Job, The life of man upon earth is temptation 2 . Every one therefore ought to be full of care about his own temptations, and to watch in prayer, lest the devil find an advantage to deceive him ; who never sleepeth, but ever goeth about seeking whom lie may devour*. No man is so perfect and holy, but he hath sometimes temptations; and altogether without them we cannot be. 2. Nevertheless temptations are often very profitable to a man, though they be troublesome and grievous ; for in them a man is humbled, and purified, and in- structed All the Saints passed through many tribulations and temptations, and profited thereby. And they that could not bear 1 Phil. i. 23 (Vulgate). 2 Job vii. 1 (Vulgate). 3 1 Peter v. 8. 35 OF RESISTING TEMPTATIONS temptations, became reprobate, and fell away. 3. There is no order so holy, nor place so secret, where there be not temptations, or adversities. There is no man that is altogether safe from temptations whilst he liveth on earth ; for in ourselves is the root of temptation, in that we are born in the desire of evil 1 . When one temptation or tribulation goeth away, another cometh ; and we shall ever have something to suf- fer, because we have lost the blessing of our first happiness 2 . 4. Many seek to fly temptations, and do fall more grievously into them. By flight alone we cannot overcome, but by patience and true humility we are made stronger than all our enemies. He that only avoideth them outwardly, and doth not pluck them up by the roots, shall profit little; yea temptations will the sooner return unto him, and he shall feel himself in a worse case than before. By little and little, and by patience with long suffering, (through God's help) thou shalt more easily overcome, than with vio- lence and thine own importunity. Often take counsel in temptation, and deal not roughly with him that is tempted ; but give him comfort as thou wouldest wish to be done to thyself. 1 James i. 13, 14. 2 Gen. iii. 36 OF RESISTING TEMPTATIONS The beginning of all evil temptations is inconstancy of mind, and small confidence in God. For as a ship without a helm is tossed to and fro with the waves; so the man who is careless, and apt to leave his purpose, is many ways tempted 1 . 5. Fire proveth iron, and temptation a just man. We know not oftentimes what we are able to do, but temptation sheweth us what we are. Yet we must be watchful, especially in the beginning of the temptation ; for the enemy is then more easily overcome, if he be not suffered in any wise to enter the door of our hearts, but be resisted without the gate at his first knock. Wherefore one said, Beginnings check, too late is physic sought. 2 For first there cometh to the mind a bare thought of evil, then a strong imagination thereof, afterwards delight, and an evil motion, and then consent. And so by lit- tle and little our wicked enemy getteth complete entrance, because he is not re- sisted in the beginning. And the longer a man is slow to resist, so much the weaker doth he become daily in himself, and the enemy stronger against him. 6. Some suffer heavier temptations in the beginning of their religious life, others 1 James i. 6. 2 Ovid, lib. 1. de Remed. Am. 91. 37 OF RESISTING TEMPTATIONS in the end. Others again are much trou- bled almost through the whole time of their life. Some are very lightly tempted, according to the wisdom and equity of the Divine appointment, which weigheth the states and deserts of men, and ordaineth all things for the welfare of His own chosen ones. We ought not therefore to despair when we are tempted, but so much the more fervently to implore God, that He will vouchsafe to help us in every tribulation ; who surely, according to the word of S. Paul, will give with the temptation such a way to escape, that we may be able to bear it 1 . Humble we therefore our souls under the hand of God 2 in all temptation and tribulation, for He will save and exalt the humble in spirit. In temptations and trib- ulations, a man is tested how much he hath profited ; and his reward is thereby the greater, and his virtue the better made clear. Neither is it a great thing if a man be devout and fervent, when he feeleth no affliction ; but if in time of adversity he bear himself patiently, there is hope then of great progress. Some are guarded from great tempta- tions, and in little daily ones are often overcome ; to the end that being humbled, 1 1 Cor. x. 13. 2 1 Peter v. 6. 38 OV AVOIDING RASH JUDGEMENT they may never presume on themselves in great matters, who are made weak in so small things. CHAPTER XIV. OF AVOIDING RASH JUDGMENT T URN thine eyes upon thine own self, and beware thou judge not the deeds of other men 1 . In judging of others a man labour- ed! in vain, often erreth, and easily sin neth' 2 , but in judging and examining him- self, he always laboureth fruitfully. 2. We often judge of a thing according as we fancy it ; for through private affec- tion we easily lose true judgment. If God were always the pure intention of our desire, we should not be so easily troubled, through the repugnance of our own feel- ings. But oftentimes something lurketh within, or else meeteth us from without, which draweth us after it. Many secretly seek themselves in what they do, and know it not. They seem also to live in good peace of mind, when things are done according to their will and feel- ing; but if things happen otherwise than they desire, they are straightway moved and made sad. - Matt vii. !: Rom. xv. 1. * Eccles. iii. 16. 39 OF WORKS DONE FOR CHARITY 3. From diversity of feelings and opin- ions arise oftentimes dissensions between friends and countrymen ; between religious and devout persons 1 . An old habit is with difficulty abandoned 2 , and no man is will- ing to be led farther than himself can see. If thou dost more rely upon thine own reason or industry, than upon that power which bringeth thee under the obedience of Jesus Christ, seldom and slowly shalt thou be a man illuminated, because God willeth us to be perfectly subject to Him, and by the fire of love to transcend all human reason. CHAPTER XV. OF WORKS DONE FOR CHARITY F m OR no worldly thing, nor for the love of any man, is any evil to be |35 done 3 ; but yet, for the profit of * ^ ' one that standeth in need, a good work is sometimes without any scruple to be left undone, or rather changed for a better. For by doing this, a good work is not lost, but changed into a better. Without charity the outward work profit- eth nothing 4 ; but whatsoever is done of charity, be it never so little and contempt- ible in the sight of the world, it becometh 1 S. Matt. xii. 25: S. Lnke xii. 51. 2 Jer. xiii. 23. 3 S. Matt, xviii. 8. 4 1 Cor. xiii. 3; S. Luke vii. 47. 40 OK WORKS DONE FOR CHARITY wholly fruitful. For God weigheth more the love out of which a man worketh, than the work which he iloeth. He doeth much that loveth much. He doeth much that doeth a thing well. He doeth well that serveth the community rather than his own will 1 . 2. Oftentimes there seemeth to be char- ity, and it is rather a fleshly mind ; be- cause natural inclination, self-will, hope of reward, and desire of our own interest, will seldom be away. He that hath true and perfect charity, seeketh himself in nothing 2 : but only de- sireth in all things the glory of God. He also envieth none ; because he is in love with no private joy, neither willeth he to rejoice in himself; but wisheth above all good things to be made happy in. the enjoyment of God 3 . He attributeth noth- ing that is good to any man, but wholly referreth it unto God, from whom as from the fountain all things proceed ; in whom finally all the Saints do rest in fruition. O whoso had but one spark of true charity, would surely feel that all earthly things will be full of vanity ! 1 Phil. ii. 17. -Phil. ii. 21; 1 Cor. xiii. 5. 3 Psalm xvii. 15; xxiv. G. 41 OE BEARING WITH THE DEFECTS OE OTHERS CHAPTER XVI. OF BEARING WITH THE DEFECTS OF OTHERS T HOSE things that a man availeth not to amend in himself or in others, he ought to suffer pa- tiently, until God order things otherwise. Think that perhaps it is bet- ter so, for thy trial and patience, without which all our good deeds are not much to be esteemed. Thou oughtest to pray notwithstanding when thou hast such hin- drances, that God would vouchsafe to help thee, and that thou mayest bear them con- tentedly 1 . If one that is once or twice warned will not stay, contend not with him : but com- mit all to God, that His will may be done 2 , and He be honoured in all His servants, who well knoweth how to turn evil into good. 2. Endeavour to be patient in bearing with the defects and infirmities of others, of what sort soever they be ; for that thy- self also hast many failings which must be borne with by others 3 . If thou canst not make thyself such an one as thou would- est, how wilt thou be able to have another in all things to thy liking ? 1 S. Matt. vi. 13; S. Luke xi. 4. 2 S. Matt. vi. 10. s l Thess. v. 15; Gal. vi. 1. 42 oK BEARING WITH THE DEFECTS oi- OTHERS We would willingly have others perfect. and yet we amend not our own faults. We will have others severely corrected, and will not be corrected ourselves. The large liberty oi others displeaseth US, and yet we will not have our own desires denied us. We will have others bound down by ordinances, and in no sort do we ourselves endure further restraint. And thus it appeareth, how seldom we weigh our neighbour in the same balance with ourselves. 3. If all men were perfect, what should we then have to suffer of others for God's sake ? But now God hath thus ordered it, that we may learn to bear one another s burdens 1 ; no man is without fault, no man without his burden, no man sufficient of himself, no man wise enough of him- self ; but we ought to bear with one an- other, comfort one another, help, instruct, and admonish one another 2 . Occasions of adversity best discover how great virtue each one hath. For oc- casions do not make a man frail, but they shew of what sort he is. 1 Gal. vi. 2. -1 Tliess. v. 14; 1 Cor. xii. 25. 43 OF A RETIRED LIFE CHAPTER XVH. OF A RETIRED LIFE T' HOU must learn to break down thine own self in many things, if thou wilt have peace and concord with others 1 . It is no small mat- ter to dwell in religious communities or in a congregation, to converse therein with- out complaint, and to persevere therein faithfully unto death 2 . Blessed is he that hath there lived well, and ended happily. If thou wilt stand fast as thou oughtest, and grow in grace, esteem thyself as an exile and a stranger upon earth 3 . Thou must be made a fool for Christ's sake 4 ", if thou desire to lead a religious life. The wearing of a religious habit, and the shav- ing of the crown, do little profit; but change of manners, and perfect mortifica- tion of passions, make a true religious man. 2. He that seeketh any thing else but merely God, and the welfare of his own soul, shall find nothing but tribulation and sorrow 5 . Neither can he stand long in peace, that laboureth not to be the least, and subject unto all. 1 Gal. vi. 1. 2 s Luke xvi 10# 8 1 Peter ii. 11. * l Cor. iv. 10. 5 Eccles. i. 17, 18; Eeelus. i. IS. 44 EXAMPLES OF THE holy FATHERS 'Hum earnest to serve, not to rule 1 . Know that thou wast called to suffer and to labour, not to be idle, and spend thy time in talk. Here therefore men are proved as gold in the furnace. Here no man can stand, unless he be willing to humble himself with his whole heart for the love of God. CHAPTER XVIII. OF THE EXAMPLES OF THE HOLY FATHERS GAZE upon the lively examples of the holy Fathers, in whom true perfection and religion shined 2 ; and thou shalt see how little it is, and almost nothing, which we do now in these days. Alas ! what is our life, if it be compared with them ! The Saints and friends of Christ served the Lord in hunger and thirst, in cold and nakedness, in labour and weariness, in watchings and fastings, in prayers and holy meditations, in many persecutions and reproaches 3 . 2. O how many and grievous tribula- tions did the Apostles, Martyrs, Confes- sors. Virgins, and all the rest suffer, that willed to follow the steps of Christ ! For they hated their lives in this world, that they might keep them unto life eternal 41 . 1 S. Matt. xx. 2G. 2 Hob. xi. 3 2 Cor. xi. 26, 27. * S. John xii. 25. 45 EXAMPLES OF THE HOLY FATHERS O how strict and self-renouncing a life did those holy Fathers lead in the wilder- ness 1 ! How" long and grievous tempta- tions suffered they ! How often were they assaulted by the enemy! What frequent and fervent prayers offered they to God! What rigorous abstinences did they fulfil ! How great zeal and ardour had they for their spiritual progress ! How fierce a war they waged for the taming of their faults ! How pure and upright an inten- tion kept they towards God ! Through the day they laboured, and in the nights they attended to continual prayer : although when they laboured, they ceased not from mental prayer. All their time they spent with profit; every hour seemed short for the service of God; and by reason of the great sweetness they felt in contemplation, they even gave up to forgetfulness the need of bodily refresh- ment. All riches, dignities, honours, friends, and kinsfolk they renounced 2 , they desired to have nothing which appertained to the world ; they scarce took things necessary for the sustenance of life ; they grieved to serve their bodies even in necessity. Poor therefore were they in earthly things, but rich exceedingly in grace and virtues 3 . Outwardly they were destitute, but in- 1 S. Matt. vii. 14. = S. Matt. xix. 29. 3 2 Cor. vi. 10. 46 i;\ wiri.KS OF THE HOW FATHERS wanllv they were refreshed with grace and divine consolation. To the world they were strangers, but near and familiar friends to God 1 . They seemed to themselves as nothing, and to this present world despicable ; but they were precious and beloved in the eyes of God 2 . They stood firm in true humility, lived in simple obedience, walked in love and patience ; and therefore they profited daily in the Spirit, and obtained great favour with God. They were given for an example to all religious men ; and they should more pro- voke us to profit well, than the number of the lukewarm to make us remiss. 2. O how great was the fervour of all religious persons in the beginning of their holy institution ! How great was the de- votion of their prayer ! How great their ambition to excel others in virtue ! What mighty discipline was then in force ! How great reverence and obedience flourished in all things under the rule of a superior ! Their footsteps yet remaining, do tes- tify that they were indeed holy and perfect men ; who, fighting so valiantly, trod the world under their feet. Xow, he is accounted great who is not a transgressor, and who can with patience 1 James iv. 4. - Wisd. v. 47 OF SPIRITUAL EXERCISES endure that which he hath undertaken. O the lukewarmness and negligence of our own condition ! that we so quickly decline from the ancient fervour, and are come tc be weary of life through sloth and luke- warmness. Would to God the desire to grow in virtues did not wholly sleep in thee, who hast often seen the many examples of the devout ! CHAPTER XIX. OF THE EXERCISES OF A GOOD RELIGIOUS PERSON HE life of a good religious person ought to be mighty in all vir- tues 1 ; that he may inwardly be such, as outwardly he seemeth to men. And with reason there ought to be much more within, than is perceived with- out. For God beholdeth us 2 ; whom we are bound most highly to reverence, wheresoever we are, and to walk in purity 5 like Angels in His sight. Daily ought we to renew our purpose, and to stir up ourselves to fervour, as though we had for the first time to-day entered the religious life, and to say, 'Help me, O Lord God ! in this my good purpose, 1 S. Matt. v. 48. 2 Psalm xxxiii 13; Heb. iv. 12, 13. * Psalm xv. 2. 4 s pi- SPIRITUAL EXERCISES and in Thy holy service; and grant that I may now this day begin perfectly; for that which I have done hitherto is as nothing. 1 According to our purpose shall be the course of our spiritual profiting; and much diligence is necessary to him that will profit much. And if he that firmly purposeth often faileth, what shall he do that seldom, or with little firmness, purposeth any thing? It faileth out sundry ways that we leave oflf our purpose ; yet the light omission of spiritual exercises seldom passeth without some loss to our souls. The purpose of just men dependeth not upon their own wisdom, but upon God's grace; on whom too they always rely for whatsoever they take in hand. For man proposeth, but God disposeth 1 ; neither is the way of man in himself. If an accustomed exercise be sometimes omitted, either for some act of piety, or profit to my brother, it may easily after- wards be recovered. But if out of a sloth- ful mind, or out of carelessness, we lightly forsake the same, it is blameworthy enough, and will be felt to be hurtful. Let us do the best we can, we shall still easily fail in many things 2 . Yet must we always purpose some certain course, and 1 Prov. xvi. 9. - Bccles. vii. 20. 49 OF SPIRITUAL EXERCISES especially against those failings which do most of all hinder us. 2. We must diligently search into, and set in order both the outward and the inner man, because both of them are of importance to our progress in godliness. If thou canst not continually recollect thyself, yet do it sometimes, at the least once a day. namely, in the morning or at eventide. In the morning fix thy good purpose : and at eventide examine thy ways, how thou hast behaved thyself this day in word, deed, and thought 1 : for in these perhaps thou hast oftentimes ofifend- ed both God and thy neighbour. Gird up thy loins like a man 2 against the vile assaults of the devil ; bridle thy glut- tony and thou shalt the better bridle all the desire of the flesh. Never be entirelv idle : but either be reading, or writing, or praying, or meditating, or endeavouring something for the public good. Bodily exercises, nevertheless, must be used with discretion : neither are they to be prac- tised of all men alike. Those exercises which are not common are not to be exposed to public view ; for things private are practised more safely at home. Nevertheless thou must beware that thou be not slack in those which are common, and more ready for those which 1 Dent. iv. 2 Job xxxviii. 3. 50 OF SPIRITUAL EXERCISES concern thyself only. But having fully and faithfully accomplished all which thou art hound and enjoined to do, if thou hast any -pare time, betake thee to thyself, as thy devotion shall de-ire. All cannot ue, hut one is more useful for this person, another for that. According to the seasonahleness of times also, divers exercises are fitting: some have a better savour on festivals, others on working- days. In the time of temptation, we have need of some, and of others in time of peace and quietness. Some we like to have in mind when we are sad, and other some when we rejoice in the Lord. About the time of the chief festivals, good exercises are to be renewed, and the prayers of the saints more fervently to be implored. From festival to festival we should make our purpose, as though we were then to depart out of this world, and to come to the eternal festival. There- fore ou^ht we carefully to prepare our- selves at holy times, and to live more devoutly, and to keep more exactlv all our Rule, as though we were shortly at God's hands to receive the reward of our labours. But if it be deferred, let us believe that we are not sufficiently prepared, and un- worthy yet of so great glory which shall 5i OF THE LOVE OF SOLITUDE AND SILENCE be revealed in ns 1 in the time ordained; and let us endeavour to prepare ourselves better for our departure. Blessed is that servant, saith Luke the Evangelist, whom his Lord when He cometh shall find watch- ing: Verily I say unto yon, He shall make him rider over all His goods 2 . CHAPTER XX. OF THE LOVE OF SOLITUDE AND SILENCE SEEK a convenient time 3 to retire into thyself, and meditate often upon God's loving-kindnesses. Forsake curious questionings ; but read diligently matters which rather yield contrition to thy heart, than occupation to thy head. If thou wilt withdraw thyself from speaking vainly, and from gadding idly, as also from hearkening after novelties and rumours, thou shalt find time enough and suitable for meditation on good things. The greatest Saints avoided, when they could, the society of men 4 , and did rather choose to live to God, in secret. A certain one hath said, 'As oft as T have been among men, I returned home less a man than I was before 5 / And 1 Rom. viii. 18. -S. Luke xii. 43, 44: S. Matt xxiv: 46, 47. 3 Eccles. iii. 1. 4 Heb. xi. 38. 5 Seneca, Ep. vil. 52 OF THE UOVt OF SOLITUDE AND SILENCE this we often find true when we talk long together. It is easier altogether to hold one's peace, than not to speak more words than we ought. It is easier for a man to keep at home, than to keep himself well when he is abroad. He therefore that intendeth to attain to the more inward and spiritual things of religion, must with Jesus depart from the multitude 1 . 2. Xo man doth safely appear abroad, hut he who gladly hideth himself. No man doth safely speak, but he that will- ingly holdeth his peace 2 . No man doth safely rule, but he that is willingly in sub- jection. No man doth safely command, but he that hath learned well to obey. No man doth safely rejoice, unless he hath within him the witness of a good con- science 3 . And yet always the security of the Saints was full of the fear of God. Nei- ther were they the less anxious and humble in themselves, for that they shined out- wardly with great virtues and grace. But the security of bad men ariseth from pride and presumption, and in the end it turneth to a man's own deceiving. Never promise thyself security in this life, although thou seem to be a good religious man, or a devout hermit. Often- Matt, v. 1. - Eccles. iii. 7. :! Acts xxiii. 1. 53 OE THE LOVE OF SOLITUDE AND SILENCE times those who have been greater in the esteem of men have fallen into the heav- ier peril, by overmuch self-confidence. Wherefore to many it is more profitable not to be altogether free from tempta- tions, but to be often assaulted, lest they should be too secure, and so perhaps be puffed up with pride; or else too freely yield to worldly comforts. 3. O how good a conscience would he keep, that did never seek after transitory joy, nor ever entangle himself with this world ! O how great peace and quietness would he possess, that did cut off all vain anxiety, and think only upon divine things, and such as are profitable for his soul, and place all his hope in God ! No man is worthy of heavenly com- fort, unless he have diligently exercised himself in holy contrition. If thou desir- est to be truly contrite in heart, enter into thy secret chamber, and shut out the tu- mults of the world, as it is written, In your chambers be ye contrite 1 . In thy chamber thou shalt find what abroad thou shalt too often lose. 2 Thy chamber, if thou continuest therein, grow- eth sweet; and if thou keepest it little, it begetteth weariness. If in the beginning of thy religious life thou art content to remain in it, and keep to it well, it will 1 Psalm iv. 5 (Vulgate). 2 S. Matt. vi. 6. 54 OF THE W)VE OF SOLITUDE and SILENCE afterwards be to thee a dear friend, and a most pleasant comfort. In silence and in stillness a devout soul profiteth, and learn- eth the hidden things of the Scriptures. There she findeth rivers of tears, wherein she may every night 1 wash and cleanse herself; that she may be so much the more familiar with her Creator, by how much the farther off she liveth from all worldly disquiet. Whoso therefore withdraweth himself from his acquaintance and friends, God will draw near unto him with His holy Angels. 4. It is better for a man to live hidden, and to take heed to himself, than to do signs and wonders while he neglecteth himself. It is commendable in a religious person, seldom to go abroad, to shun being seen, to be unwilling even to look on men. Why art thou desirous to see that which thou mayest not have ? The world passeth away, and the lust thereof 2 . Our sensual desires draw us to rove abroad ; but when the hour is past, what carriest thou home with thee but heaviness of conscience and distraction of heart? A merry going forth bringeth often a sad returning, and a merry evening maketh a sad morning 3 . So all carnal joy entereth gently, but in the end biteth and stingeth to death 4 . What canst thou see elsewhere, which 1 Psalm vi. 6. - 1 John ii. 17. 3 Prov. xiv. 13. 4 Prow xxiii. 31, 32. 55 OF CONTRITION OF HEART thou seest not here 1 ? Behold the Heaven and the earth and all the elements : for of these are all things created. What canst thou see any where that can long continue under the sun ? Thou think- est perchance to satisfy thyself, but thou canst never attain it. Shouldst thou see all things present before thine eyes, what were it but an empty vision 2 ? Lift up thine eyes 3 to God in the high- est, and pray him to pardon thy sins and negligences. Leave vain things to the vain ; but be thou intent upon those things which God hath commanded thee. Shut thy door upon thee 4 , and call unto thee Jesus, thy Beloved. Stay with Him in thy closet; for thou shalt not find elsewhere so great peace. If thou hadst not gone abroad and -hearkened to idle rumours, thou wouldest the better have remained in happy peace. But since thou delightest sometimes to hear novelties, it is but fit thou suffer disquietude of heart therefrom. CHAPTER XXI. OF CONTRITION OF HEART p^F thou wilt make any progress keep thyself in the fear of God 5 , and affect not too much liberty, but restrain all thy senses under dis- cipline, and give not thyself over to foolish 1 Eccles. i. 10. 2 Eccles. iii. 11. 3 Psalm cxxi. 1. 4 S. Matt. vi. 6. 5 Prov. xix. 23. 56 OF CONTRITION OF HEART mirth. Give thyself to contrition of heart, and thou Shalt find devotion. Contrition layetfa Open many i^ood things, which dis- traction is wont quickly to destroy. It is a wonder that any man can ever perfectly rejoice in this life, who consid- ered and weigheth his own state of exile, and the many perils of his soul. Through levity of heart, and small care for our failings, we become insensible of the sor- rows of our souls ; but oftentimes we vainly laugh, when we justly ought to weep. There is no true liberty nor right joy but in the fear of God accompanied with a good conscience. Happy is he, who can cast off all dis- tracting hindrances, and gather himself to the one single purpose of holy contrition. Happy is he, who can put away from him all that may defile his conscience or bur- den it. 2. Strive manfully; one habit is van- quished of another. If thou canst let others alone in their works, they likewise shall gladly let thee alone in thine. Busy not thyself in mat- ters of others ; neither do thou entangle thyself with the affairs of thy betters. Have ever an eye to thyself first, and especially admonish thine, own self before all thy beloved friends. 57 OF CONTRITION OF HEART If thou hast not the favour of men, he not grieved at it 1 ; but take this to heart, that thou dost not keep thyself so warily and circumspectly as it becometh the serv- ant of God, and a devout religious man to behave. It is better oftentimes and safer that a man should not have many consola- tions in this life 2 , especially such as are according to the flesh. But that we have no divine consolations at all, or do very seldom feel them, the fault is ours ; be- cause w r e seek not after contrition of heart, nor do altogether forsake vain and out- ward comforts. Know that thou art unworthy of divine consolation, and that thou art rather wor- thy of much tribulation. When a man is perfectly contrite, then is the whole world grievous and bitter unto him 3 . 3. A good man findeth always sufficient cause for mourning and weeping. For whether he consider himself or think of his neighbour, he knoweth that none liveth here without tribulation. And the more narrowly a man considereth himself, so much the more he sorroweth. Matter of just sorrow and inward con- trition are our faults and sins, in which we lie so enwrapt that rarely have we power to contemplate the things of Heaven, 1 Ga!. i. 10. 2 Psalm Sxxvi. 5. 8 Judges ii. 4: xx. 26; 2 Kings xiii.; (perhaps 2 Sam. xii. 17). oF THE CONSIDERATION oF HUMAN MISKKY Didst thou oftener think of thy death 1 , than of thy living long, there is no ques- tion but thou WOUldst be more zealous to amend. I f also thou didst consider deeply in thy heart the penalties that are to be in hell or in purgatory 2 , I believe thou wouldst willingly undergo labour and sor- row, and not he afraid of the greatest austerity. But because these things enter not to thy heart, and we still love those things only that delight us, therefore it is we remain cold and very sluggish. It is often our want of spirit which maketh our miserable body so easily com- plain. Pray therefore unto the Lord with all humility, that He will give thee the spirit of contrition. And say with the Prophet, Feed me, O Lord, with the bread of tears, and give me plenteousness of tears to drink 3 . CHAPTER XXII. OF THE CONSIDERATION OF HUMAN MISERY ^B. MISERABLE thou art, wheresoever thou be, or whithersoever thou turn, unless thou turn thyself unto God. Why art thou troubled when things succeed not as thou wouldest or desirest? Who is he that hath all things according 1 Eccles. vii. 1, 2. 2 S. Matt. xxv. 41. 3 Psalm lxxx. 5. 59 OF THE CONSIDERATION OF HUMAN MISERY to his mind 1 ? neither I nor thou, nor any man upon earth. There is none in this world, even though he be King or Pope, without some tribulation or perplexity. Who is he that hath the better lot? assur- edly he who is able to suffer something for' God. Many weak and unstable persons say, Behold ! what a happy life doth that man lead 2 , how wealthy, how great he is, how powerful and exalted ! But look to the riches of Heaven, and thou shalt see that all these temporal things are nothing, but are very uncertain, and rather burden- some than otherwise, because they are never possessed without anxiety and fear. Man's happiness consisteth not in having abundance of temporal goods 3 , but a mod- erate portion is sufficient for him. Truly it is misery to live upon the earth 4 . The more spiritual a man desir- eth to be, the more bitter doth this present life become to him; because he perceiveth better and seeth more clearly the defects of human corruption. For to eat and to drink, to sleep and to wake, to labour and to rest, and to be subject to the other ne- cessities of nature, is truly a great misery and affliction to a devout man, who would gladly be set loose, and free from all sin. For the inner man is much weighed down 1 Eccles. vi. 2. 2 S. Luke xii. 19. 3 Prov. xix. 1. * Job xiv. 1; Eccles. ii. 17. 6o - OF THE CONSIDERATION OF nr man MISERY with bodily necessities in this world. Therefore the Prophet prayeth with great devotion to be enabled to be free from them, saying, From m\ necessities deliver me, O Lord 1 ! But woe unto them that know not their own misery ; and a greater woe unto them that love this miserable and corruptible life 2 ! For some there be who so much doat upon it, that although by labour or by begging they can scarce get mere neces- saries, yet if they might be able to live here always, they would care nothing at all for the Kingdom of God. O senseless and unbelieving in heart, who lie so deeply Mink in earth, that they can relish nothing but carnal things 3 ! But, miserable men, they shall in the end feel to their cost how vile and worthless that was which they were in love with. Whereas the Saints of God and all the devout friends of Christ regarded not those things which pleased the flesh, nor those which flourished in this present time, but all their hope and endeavour panted after the good things which are eternal 4 . Their whole desire was carried upward to things durable and invisible, that the desire of things visible might not draw them to things below. 1 Psalm xxv. 17. - Rom. viii. 22. a Rom. viii. 5. 4 1 Peter i. 4; Heb. xi. 2(5. 6l OF THE CONSIDERATION OF HUMAN MISERY O my brother, lose not thy confidence of making progress towards the things of the Spirit ; still thou hast time, the hour is not yet past 1 . Why wilt thou defer thy good purpose from day to day? Arise and in this very instant begin, and say, Now is the time to be doing, now is the time to be fighting, now is the fit time to be amending myself. When thou art ill at ease and much troubled, then is the time to win most blessing. Thou must pass through fire and water 2 before thou come to the place of refreshing. Unless thou doest violence to thyself, thou shalt never get the victory over wickedness. So long as we carry about us this frail body, we can never be without sin, or live without weariness and pain. We would gladly have rest from all misery, but see- ing by sin we have lost our innocency, we have lost also the true felicity 3 . There- fore it becometh us to keep hold on pa- tience, and to wait for the mercy of God, till this iniquity be over-past 4 ", and mor- tality be szvallowed up of life 5 ! 2. O how great is human frailty, which is always prone to evil 6 . To-day thou con- fessest thy sins, and to-morrow thou com- mittest the very same thou hast confessed. 1 Rom. xiii. 11; Heb. x. 35. 2 Psalm xlvi. 12. 3 Rom. vii. 24; Gen. iii. 17. 4 Psalm lvii. 1. 5 2 Cor. v. 4. e Q en _ y ' u 5. V iii ? 21. 62 OF M r.MTATlON ON DEATH Now, thou art purposing to take heed, and after an hour thou so behavest thyself, as though thou hadst never any such purpose at all. Good eatise have we therefore to humble ourselves 1 , and never to have any great conceit of ourselves : since we are SO frail and so inconstant. Besides, that may quickly be lost by our own negli- gence, which, by the grace of God, with much labour we have scarce at length ob- tained. What will become of us in the end, who so early wax lukewarm ! Woe be unto us, if we will thus to give ourselves unto ease, as if already there were peace and safety, when as yet there appeareth no trace of true holiness in our conversation ! It would be very profitable for us like young beginners to be newly instructed again to good life 2 , if haply there might be some hope of future amendment, and greater spiritual profiting. CHAPTER XXIII. OF MEDITATION ON DEATH v m& ERY quickly there will be an end of thee here 3 ; look what will be- come of thee in another world. To-day man is ; and to-morrow he appeareth not. And when he is taken *2 Mac-cab. ix. 11. ' 2 Heb. v. 12. 3 Job ix. 2.1, 20; xiv. 1, 2: S. Luke xii. 20; Heb.ix.27. 63 OF MEDITATION ON DEATH away from the eyes, quickly also he pass- eth out of mind. O dulness and hardness of man's heart, which thinketh only upon the present, and doth not rather care for what is to come ! Thou oughtest so to order thyself in every act and thought, as if to-day thou wert on the point to die 1 . If thou hadst a good conscience, thou wouldst not greatly fear death 2 . It were better to avoid sins, than to fly death 3 . If to-day thou art not pre- pared, how wilt thou be so to-morrow 4 ? To-morrow is a day uncertain, and how knowest thou if thou shalt have a to- morrow ? What availeth it to live long, when we amend ourselves so little ! Alas ! length of days doth not always amend us, but often rather increaseth our fault ! O that we had well spent but one day in this woild! Many there are who count the years of their life in religion ; and yet full slender oftentimes is the fruit of amend- ment. If to die is full of terrors, to live longer will perhaps be more perilous. Blessed is he that always hath the hour of his death before his eyes 5 , and daily prepareth himself to die. If at any time thou hast seen another man die, make ac- count thou must also pass the same way 6 . 1 S. Matt. xxv. 13. 2 S. Luke xii. 37. 3 Wisd. iv. 16. * S. Matt. xxiv. 44; xxv. 10. 5 Eccles. vii 1. 6 Heb. ix. 27. OF M imitation ON DEATH When it is morning-, think thou wilt not come to eventide. And when .evening is coming, dare not to promise thyself the morning. Always, therefore, he thou readw and SO live that death may never take thee unprepared 1 . Many die sudden- ly and when they look not for it; for at an hour when we think not the Son of Man will conic' 2 . When that last hour shall come, thou wilt begin to have a far different opinion of thy whole life that is past, and be exceeding sorry thou hast been so careless and remiss. 2. How wise and happy is he that now laboureth to be such an one in his life, as he wisheth to be found at his death! A perfect contempt of the world 3 , a fervent desire to go forward in virtue, the love of discipline, the painfulness of repentance, the readiness of obedience, the denying of ourselves, and the bearing of any adver- sity whatsoever for the love of Christ, will give us great confidence we shall die happily. Many good things canst thou do whilst thou art in health ; but when thou art sick, I see not what thou art able to do. Few by sickness grow better ; as also they who wander much on pilgrimage, seldom there- by become holy. Put not thy confidence in friends and 1 S. Luke xxi. 8&. . Matt. xxiv. 44; S. Luke xii. 40. :: Eeclus. xli. 1. 65 OF MEDITATION ON DEATH kindred, neither do thou put off thy wel- fare till hereafter; for men will sooner forget thee, than thou art aware of. Bet- ter it is to look to it betime, and do some good beforehand, than to hope in other men's help 1 . If thou art not careful for thyself now, who will be careful for thee hereafter ? Now time is very precious; now are the days of salvation; now is the acceptable time 1 . But alas! that thou shouldest not spend to more profit this time, wherein thou mightest learn that by which thou shalt live eternally hereafter. The time will come, when thou shalt desire one day or hour to amend in, and I know not that thou wilt obtain it. Ah, beloved, from how great danger wilt thou be able to free thyself, from how great fear deliver thy- self, if only thou wilt be ever fearful and mindful of death ! Labour now to live so, that in the hour of death thou mayest rather rejoice than fear. Learn now to die to the world, that thou mayest then begin to live with Christ 3 . Learn now to contemn all things 4 , that thou mayest then freely go to Christ. Chastise thy body now by repentance 5 , that thou mayest then have sure confidence. 3. Ah fool, why dost thou think to live 1 Isaiah xxx 5; xxxi 1; Jer. xvii. 5; xlviii. 7; S. Matt. vi. 20. 2 2 Cor. vi. 2. 3 Rom. vi. 8. 4 S. Luke xiv. 33. 5 1 Cor. ix. 27. 66 OF MEDITATION ON DEATH long, when thou hast not one day that IS safe 1 ! 1 low many have been deceived and suddenly snatched from the body! How often hast thou heard them saying, That man hath fallen by the sword ; that man hath been drowned ; that, by falling from a height hath broken his neck; that man died while eating; that hath come to his end while playing. One perished by fire, another by the steel, another of the plague, another at the hands of robbers ; and thus death is the end of all, and man's life sud- denly passeth away like a shadoiv 2 . Who shall remember thee when thou art dead? and who shall pray for thee ? Do, do now, my beloved, whatsoever thou art able to do ; for thou knowest not when thou shalt die, neither knowest thou what shall befall thee after thy death. Whilst thou hast time, heap unto thyself everlasting riches 3 . Think on nothing but thy salvation ; care for nothing but the things of God. Make now friends to thy- self by honouring the Saints of God, and imitating their actions, that when thou failest in this life, they may receive thee into everlasting habitations*. Keep thy- self as a stranger and pilgrim upon the earth 6 , and as one to whom the affairs of this world do nothing appertain. Keep Luke xxi. 20. - Job xiv. 2. 8. Matt. \i. 20; S. Luke xi'i. 33; Gal. vi. 8. •8. Luke x\i. 9; Beb. xi. - 1 Pet. ii. 11. 67 OF JUDGMENT, AND THE thy heart free, and lifted up to God, be- cause thou hast here no continuing city 1 . Thither send thy daily prayers and sighs together with thy tears, that after death thy spirit may be found worthy to pass happily to the Lord. Amen. CHAPTER XXIV. OF JUDGMENT, AND THE PUNISHMENTS OF SINNERS i N all things look to the end; and how thou wilt stand before that strict Judge 2 to whom nothing is hid, who is not appeased with gifts, nor admitteth excuses, but will judge according to right. O wretched and foolish sinner, who sometimes art in terror at the countenance of an angry man, what answer wilt thou make to God who knoweth all thy wicked- ness 3 ! Why dost thou not provide for thyself 4 against the day of judgment, when no man can be excused or defended by an- other, but every one shall be a sufficient burden for himself ! Now is thy toil fruit- ful, thy weeping acceptable 5 , thy groaning audible, thy grief commendeth thee to God, and purgeth thy soul. The patient man hath a great and whole- 1 Heb. xiii. 14. 2 Heb. x. 31. 3 Job ix. 2. 4 S. Luke xvi. 9. s 2 Cor. vi. 4. 68 PUNISHMENTS OF SINNERS some purification-, who though he receive injuries, yet grieveth more for the malice of the other, than tor his own wrong; who prayeth willingly tor his adversaries-, and from his heart forgiveth their offences; who is not slack to ask forgiveness from others ; who is sooner moved to compas- sion than to anger ; who often doeth vio- lence to himself, and laboureth to bring- the flesh wholly into subjection to the spirit. It is better to purge out our sins, and cut off our vices here, than to keep them to be purged away hereafter. Verily we deceive our own selves through the inordi- nate love we have for the flesh. What is it that that infernal fire shall feed upon, but thy sins ? The more thou sparest thy- self now and followest the flesh, so much the harder hereafter shall be thy punish- ment, and the greater fuel for burning thou storest up. 2. In what things a man hath sinned, in the same shall he be the more grievously punished. There shall the slothful be pricked forward with burning goads, and the gluttons be tormented with vast thirsts and hunger. There shall the luxurious and lovers of pleasures be bathed in burn- ing pitch and stinking brimstone ; and the envious, like raging dogs, shall howl for very grief. There is no sin but shall have 1 James I. 4. - S. Lnko xxiii. 34; Acts vii. 60. 69 01? JUDGMENT, AND THE its proper torment. There the proud shall be filled with all confusion; the covetous shall be pinched with miserable penury. There one hour of pain shall be more severe than a hundred years of the sever- est discipline here ! There is there no quiet, no comfort for the damned 1 ; yet here we have some respite of our labours, and enjoy the comfort of our friends. Be now anxious and sorrowful because of thy sins, that at the day of judgment thou mayest be secure with the blessed. For then shall the righteous with great boldness stand against such as have straitened and oppressed them 2 . Then shall he stand for judgment, who doth now humbly submit himself to the judgments of men. Then shall the poor and humble have great confidence, but the proud man shall be compassed with fear on every side. Then will it be seen that he was wise in this world, who had learned for Christ to be a fool and despised 3 . Then shall every affliction patiently suf- fered delight us, when all iniquity shall shut her mouth 4 '. Then shall every devout man be glad, and every profane one shall mourn. Then the flesh which hath been beaten down shall more rejoice, than if it had been alway nourished in delicacies 5 . 1 S. Mark ix. 43-49. 2 Wisd. v. 1. 3 1 Cor. iv. 10. 4 Psalm cvii. 42. 5 2 Cor. iv. 17. 70 PUNISH M i:\TS OF SINNERS Then shall the poor attire shine gloriously, and the finely-wrought raiment .shall grow dim. Then shall he more commended the poor cottage, than the gilded palace. Then will constant patience more avail us, than all the power of the world. Then simple obedience shall be more highly extolled, than all worldly crafti- ness 1 . Then shall a good and clear con- seience more rejoice a man, than learned philosophy. Then shall the contempt of riches weigh more than all the worlding's treasure. Then wilt thou be more com- forted that thou hast prayed devoutly, than that thou hast fared daintily. Then wilt thou be more glad thou hast kept silence, than that thou hast talked much. Then will holy works avail more than many fair words. Then a strict life and severe dis- cipline will be more pleasing than all earthly delight. Accustom thyself now to suffer a little, that thou mayest then be delivered from more grievous pains. Prove first here what thou canst endure hereafter. If now thou canst bear so little, how wilt thou then be able to endure eternal torments? If now a little suffering make thee so im- patient, what will hell fire do hereafter? Behold, surely thou canst not have two paradises: to enjoy delights in this world, 1 Isaian xxix. 19. /I OF THE ZEALOUS AMENDMENTS and after that to reign with Christ. Sup- pose thou hast to this day lived always in honours and delights, what would all this avail thee if it befell thee to die at this instant 1 ? All therefore is vanity 2 , but to love God and serve Him only. For he that loveth God with all his heart, is neither afraid of death, nor punishment, nor of judgment, nor of hell ; for perfect love gives secure access to God 3 . But he that delighteth still to sin, what marvel is it if he fear both death and judgment? Yet it is good, al- though love be not yet of force to call thee back from sin, that at least the fear of hell should restrain thee. Nay, he that layeth aside the fear of God, can never continue long in good estate, but runneth quickly into the snares of the devil. CHAPTER XXV. OF THE ZEALOUS AMENDMENTS OF OUR WHOLE LIFE E watchful and diligent in the serv- ice of God 4 ; and often bethink thyself wherefore thou earnest hither, and why thou hast left the world. Was it not that thou mightest live to God, and become a spiritual man? Therefore be fervent to go forward 5 , for 1 S. Luke xii. 20. 2 Bccles. i. 2. 3 Rom viii. 39. 4 2 Tim. iv. 5. 5 S. Matt. v. 48. 72 oV OUR WHOLE LIFE shortly thou shalt receive the reward of thy labours; there shall not be then any fear or sorrow in thy coasts 1 . Labour now but a little, and thou shalt find great rest, yea, perpetual joy 2 . If thou continu- es! faith fill and fervent in doing good, no doubt but God will be faithful and liberal in rewarding thee 8 . Thou oughtest to have a good hope 4 that thou wilt come to the palm of victory, but thou must not be secure, lest thou wax either slothful or proud. 2. When one"' that was in anxiety of mind, often wavering between fear and hope, did once, being overcome with grief, prostrate himself in a Church before a cer- tain altar in prayer, and pondered thus within himself, saying, 'O if I knew that I should yet persevere !' he presently heard within him a divine answer, 'If thou didst know this, what wouldest thou do? Do now what thou wouldest do then, and thou shalt be perfectly secure.' And being here- with comforted and strengthened, he com- mitted himself wholly to the divine will, and that anxious tossing ceased. And he willed not to search curiously, to know what things should befall him ; but rather laboured to seek out what was the accept- able and perfect will of God i] for the be- Rev. xxi. 4; xxii. 3. - Kcclns. li. 27: Row xxi. 4; xxii. :;. •• s. Matt. xxv. 23. 4 Rom. v. o. * Probably the Author himself. c Rom. vii. 2. •73 OF THE ZEALOUS AMENDMENTS ginning and the accomplishing of every good work. Hope in the Lord, and do good, saith the Prophet, and dwell in the land, and thou shalt be fed in the riches thereof 1 , One thing there is that draweth many back from a spiritual progress and fervent amendment; dread of the difficulty, or rather the labour of the combat. How- ever, they above others improve most in virtues, who strive like men to overcome those things which are most grievous and contrary unto them. For there a man im- proveth more and winneth fuller grace, where he more overcometh himself and mortifieth himself in spirit. Howbeit all men have not equally much to overcome and put to death. Yet he that is diligent and zealous, though he have more pas- sions, shall be more mighty to go forward, than another that is of a more obedient temper but less fervent in the pursuit of virtues. Two things especially help to great amendment, to wit, to withdraw ourselves violently from that to which nature is vic- iously inclined; and to labour earnestly for that good whereof a man is the more in need. Be careful also the more to shun and conquer those things in thyself, which do commonly displease thee in others. 1 Psalm xxxvii. 3. 74 OF OUR WHOLE UlV, Gather some profit wheresoever thou be; so that if thou seest or hearest any good examples, kindle thyself to the imitation thereof. But if thou ohservest any thing worthy of reproof, beware thou do not the same. And if at any time thou hast clone it, labour quickly to amend thyself. As thine eye observeth others 1 , so art thou by others noted again. How sweet and pleasant a thing it is, to see brethren fervent and devout, obedient and well-disciplined 2 ! How sad and griev- ous a thing it is, to see them walk dis- orderly, not applying themselves to that for which they are called ! How hurtful a thing it is, when they neglect the pur- pose of their calling and busy themselves in things not committed to their care ! 3. Be mindful of the purpose thou hast embraced, and set always before thee the image of the Crucified. Good cause thou hast to be ashamed in looking upon the life of Jesus Christ, seeing thou hast not as yet endeavoured to conform thyself more unto Him, though thou hast been a long time in the way of God. A religious person that exerciseth himself seriously and de- voutly in the most holy life and passion of our Lord, shall there abundantly find whatsoever is profitable and necessary for 1 S. Matt vii. 3. ■ Eph. v. (perhaps iv. 1, 10); 1 Cor. xxi 18; Eccles. iii. 1: Psalm rxxxiii. 75 OE THE ZEALOUS AMENDMENTS him, neither shall he need to seek any bet- ter thing, besides Jesus. O if Jesus cru- cified would come into our hearts 1 , how quickly and fully should we be taught! A fervent religious person taketh and beareth well all that is commanded him. A careless and lukewarm religious person hath tribulation upon tribulation, and on all sides sufifereth affliction, for he is void of inward consolation, and that which is outward he is forbidden to seek. A relig- ious person that liveth not according to discipline, lieth open to grievous ruin. He that seeketh what is easier and more lax shall ever be in difficulties ; for one thing or other will displease him. O that nothing else lay upon us to do, but with our mouth and whole heart to praise our Lord God ! O that thou might- est never have need to eat, nor drink, nor sleep ; but mightest always praise God, and only employ thyself in spiritual exercises; then thou wouldest be much more happv than now, when for some or other neces- sity thou art in bondage to the flesh. Would God these necessities were not at all, but only the spiritual banquets of the soul, which, alas, seldom enough we taste. When a man cometh to that estate, that he seeketh not his comfort from any crea- ture, then first doth God begin to be alto- 1 Gal. ii. 20: vL 14. 76 OF OUR Wliol.i: UI-K gether sweet to him. Then shall he be contented with whatsoever doth befall him in this world. Then shall he neither re- joice in great matters, nor be sorrowful for small ; but entirely and confidently lie committed] himself to God, who is unto him all in all 1 ; to whom assuredly nothing doth perish nor die, but all things do live unto Him, and serve Him at a beck with- out delay. Remember always thy end 2 , and how that time lost returneth not. Without care and diligence thou shalt never get virtue. If thou beginnest to wax lukewarm 3 , it will begin to be evil with thee. But if thou give thyself to fervour, thou shalt find much peace, and feel lighter toil through the assistance of God's grace, and the love of virtue. A man fervent and diligent is prepared for all things. It is harder toil to resist vices and pas- sions, than to sweat in bodily labours. He that avoideth not small faults, by little and little falleth into greater 4 . Thou wilt al- ways rejoice in the evening, if thou spend the day profitably. Be watchful over thy- self, stir up thyself, warn thyself, and whatsoever becometh of others, neglect not thyself. The more violence thou usest against thyself, the more shalt thou pro- gress. Amen. 1 Rom. xi. 36; 1 Cor. viii. 6; xii. 6; XV. 28. 1 Ecclus. vii. 36. s Rev. iii. 16. * Ecclus, xix. 1. 77 ®lj? 3lmttattmt at QUjrtat THE SECOND BOOK AdmottittottB ftertatntttn, to Ammunitions ftertatninrj to ilmuarfo Swings T CHAPTER I. OF THE INWARD LIFE HE Kingdom of God is within you 1 , saith the Lord. Turn thee with thy whole heart 2 unto the Lord, and forsake this wretched world, and thy soul shall find rest. Learn to despise outward things, and to give thy- self to things inward, and thou shalt per- ceive the Kingdom of God to come in thee. For the Kingdom of God is peace and joy in the Holy Ghost 3 , which is not given to the unholy. Christ will come unto thee, and show thee His consolation, if thou prepare for Him a worthy abode within thee. All His glory and beauty is from within 4 , and there He delighteth Himself. The inward man he often vis-. ' S. Luke xvii. 21. 2 Jool ii. 12. - Rom. xiv. 17. * Psalm xlv. 13. 8i OF THE INWARD UFE iteth; and hath with him sweet discourse, pleasant solace, much peace, familiarity exceeding wonderful. O faithful soul ! make ready thy heart for this Bridegroom, that He may vouch- safe to come unto thee and dwell within thee. For thus saith He, // any love Me, he will keep My words, and We will come unto him, and will make our abode with him 1 . Give therefore a place unto Christ, and deny entrance to all others. When thou hast Christ, thou art rich, and hast enough. He Himself will be thy provider and faith- ful steward in all things, so that thou need not to trust in men. For men soon change, and quickly fail; but Christ abideth for ever 2 , and standeth by us firmly unto the end. There is no great trust to be put in a frail and mortal man 3 , even though he be profitable and dear unto us : neither ought we to be much grieved if sometimes he cross and contradict us. They that to- day are with thee, to-morrow may be against thee ; and often again do they turn round like the wind. 2. Put all thy trust in God 4 , let Him be thy feai, and thy love: He Himself shall answer for thee, and will do in all things what is best for thee. Thou hast not here 1 S. John xiy. 25. 2 S. John xii. 34. 3 Jer. xvii. 5. 4 1 Pet. y. 7. 82 oK THE i nw ARD LIFE . 8 Wisd. v. 16. 6 S. Matt. xii. 24; xvi. 21; S. John xv. 20. 83 C? THE INWARD LIFE backbiters ; and dost thou wish to have all men thy friends and benefactors ? Whence shall thy patience attain her crown 1 , if no adversity befall thee? If thou art willing to suffer nought that is against thee, how wilt thou be the friend of Christ? Be strong with Christ, and for Christ, if thou desire to reign with Christ. If thou hadst but once perfectly entered into the secrets of the Lord Jesus, and tasted a little of His ardent love, then wouldest thou care nothing for thine own convenience, or inconvenience, but rather wouldest rejoice at slander offered thee; for the love of Jesus maketh a man despise himself. A lover of Jesus and of the Truth, and a true inward Christian, and one free from unruly affections, can freely turn himself unto God, and lift himself above himself in spirit, and with profit remain at rest. He to whom all things taste as they are, and not as they are said or esteemed to be, is truly wise 2 , and taught rather of God than men 3 . He that can live inwardly, and make small reckoning of things with- out, neither seeketh places, nor waiteth for times, for performing of religious exer- cises. A spiritual man quickly recollect- eth himself, because he never poureth out 1 2 Tim. ii. 5. 2 S. Bernard. Serm. ad div. 18. 3 Isaiah liv. 13. 84 OF HUMBLE SUBMISSION himself wholly to outward things. Tic is not hindered by outward labour, or busi- ness which may be necessary for the time: but as things fall out, so he accommodat- eth himself to them. He that is well or- dered and disposed within himself, careth not for the strange and perverse behaviour oi men. So much is a man hindered and distracted, in proportion as he draweth outward things unto himself. If it were well with thee, and thou wert well purified from sin, all things woudd fall out to thee for good 1 , and to thy ad- vancement in holiness. For this cause many things displease, and often trouble thee : because thou art not yet perfectly dead unto thyself, nor separated from all earthly things. Nothing so defileth and entangleth the heart of man, as the impure love of creatures. If thou refuse to be comforted from without, thou wilt be able to contemplate the things of heaven, and often to rejoice w/ithin. CHAPTER II. OF HUMBLE SUBMISSION COUNT not of great importance who is for thee, or against thee 2 ; but let this be thy aim and care, that God be with thee in every thing thou doest. Have a good conscience, Rom. viii. 28. - Rom. viii. 31; 1 Cor. iv. 3. OF HUMBLE SUBMISSION and God shall well defend thee. 1 For whom God willeth to help, no man's per- verseness shall be able to hurt. If thou knowest how to be silent and suffer, with- out doubt thou shalt see the help of the Lord. Himself knoweth the time and manner of delivering thee, and therefore thou oughtest to resign thyself unto Him. It belongeth to God to help, and to deliver from all confusion. It is often very profitable, to keep us more humble, that others know and rebuke our faults. When a man humbleth him- self for his faults, then he easily pacifieth others, and lightly satisfieth those that are offended with him. 2. God protecteth the humble and deliv- ereth him 2 ; the humble He loveth and comforteth; unto the humble man He in- clineth Himself ; unto the humble He giv- eth great grace ; and after his humiliation He raiseth him to glory. Unto the hum- ble He revealeth His secrets 3 , and sweetly draweth and inviteth him unto Himself. The humble man, though he suffer confu- sion, is yet perfectly in peace ; for that he resteth on God, and not on the world. Do not think that thou hast made any progress, unless thou esteem thyself in- ferior to all. 1 Psalm sxviii. 7. 2 James iii. (perhaps iv. 6); Job v. 11. 3 S. Matt. xi. 25. 86 0* A GOOD PEACEABLE MAN- CHAPTER III. OF A GOOD PEACEABLE MAN EEP thyself first in peace, and then shalt thou be able to pacify oth- ers. A peaceable man cloth more good than he that is well learned. A passionate man turneth even good into evil, and easily believeth evil. A good peaceable man turneth all things to good. He that is well in peace, is not suspicious of any 1 . But he that is discontented and troubled, is tossed with divers suspicions : he is neither quiet himself, nor suffereth others to be quiet. He often speaketh that which he ought not to speak; ana omitteth that which were more expedient for him to do. He considereth what oth- ers are bound to do 2 , and neglecteth that which he is bound to himself. First, therefore, have a careful zeal over thyself', and then thou mayest justly be zealous also towards thy neighbour. Thou knowest well how to excuse and colour thine own deeds, but thou art not willing to receive the excuses of others. It were more just that thou shouldest accuse thy- self, and excuse thy brother. If thou wilt be borne withal, bear also with another 4 . 2. Behold, how far off thou art yet from 1 1 Cor. xiii. 5. 2 S. Matt. vii. 3. 3 Acts i. 7 (perhaps xxii. ?>\; S. John xxi. 22. 4 Gal. vi. 2: 1 Cor. xiii. 7. 87 OF A GOOD PEACEABLE MAN true charity and humility, which knoweth not how to be angry with any, or to be moved with indignation, but only against its own self. It is no great matter to asso- ciate with the good, and gentle ; for this is naturally pleasing to all, and every one willingly enjoyeth peace, and loveth those best that agree with him. But to be able to live peaceably with hard, and perverse, or undisciplined persons, is a great grace, and an exceedingly commendable and manly deed. 3. Some there are that keep themselves in peace, and are in peace also with others. And there are some that neither are in peace themselves, nor leave others to be in peace : They are troublesome to others, but always more troublesome to them- selves. And there are that keep them- selves in peace, and study to bring others unto peace. Nevertheless, our whole peace in this miserable life consisteth rather in humble sufferance, than in not feeling adversities. Whoso knoweth best how to suffer, will keep the greatest peace. That man is con- queror of himself, and lord of the world, the friend of Christ, and heir of heaven. OTA PURE MINI', AND SIMPLE INTENTION CHAPTER IV. OF A PURE MIND. AND SIMPLE INTENTION BY two wings, a man is lifted up from things earthly, namely, by Simplicity and Purity. Simplic- ity ought to be in our intention ; Purity in our affection. Simplicity tend- eth toward God ; Purity apprehendeth and tasteth Him. 2. No good action will hinder thee, if thou be inwardly free from inordinate af- fection. If thou intend and seek nothing else but the will of God and the good of thy neighbour, thou shalt thoroughly enjoy inward liberty. If thy heart were right, then every crea- ture would be unto thee a looking-glass of life, and a book of holy doctrine. There is no creature so small and mean, that it doth not set forth the goodness of God 1 . If thou wert inwardly good and pure 2 , then wouldest thou be able to see and under- stand all things well without hindrance. A pure heart penetrateth heaven and hell. Such as every one is inwardly, so he judgeth outwardly. If there is joy in the world, surely a man of pure heart possess- eth it. And if there be anywhere tribula- tion and affliction, an evil conscience best knoweth it. 1 Rom. i. 20. *Pro?. iii. :\, 4; Psalm cxix. 100. 89 OF THE CONSIDERATION OF ONE S SELF As iron put into the fire loseth its rust, and becometh altogether white and glow- ing, so he that wholly turneth himself unto God, putteth off all slothfulness, and is transformed into a new man. When a man beginneth to grow lukewarm, then he is afraid of a small labour, and willingly receiveth outward comfort. But when he once beginneth to overcome himself per- fectly, and to walk manfully in the way of God ; then he esteemeth less those things,' which before he felt grievous unto him. CHAPTER V. OF THE CONSIDERATION OF ONE'S SELF WE cannot trust over much to our- selves 1 , because grace oftentimes is wanting to us, and understand- ing also. Little light is there in us, and this we quickly lose by our negligence. Often- times too we perceive not our inward blindness how great it is. Oftentimes we do evil, and excuse it worse 2 . We are sometimes moved with passion, and we think it zeal. We reprehend small things in others, and pass over our own greater matters 3 . Quickly enough we feel and weigh what we suffer at the hands of oth- ers; but we mind not how much others 1 Jer. xvii. 5. - Psalm cxli. 4. 3 S. Matt. vii. 5. 90 i>l- Tin: CONSIDERATION OF ONES SELF or from us. lie that well and rightl) considereth his own works, will find little cause to judge hardly ^\ another. 2. The inward Christian preferreth the care of himself before all other cares'. And he that diligently attendeth unto him- self, easily keepeth silence concerning oth- ers. Thou wilt never he thus inwardly devout, unless thou be silent concerning other men'- matters, and look especially to thyself. If thou attend wholly unto thyself and God, thou wilt be but little moved with whatsoever thou seest abroad-. Where art thou, wdien thou art not with thyself? And when thou hast run over all, what hast thou then profited, if thou hast neglected thyself? If thou desirest peace of mind and true unity of purpose, thou must still put all things behind thee, and look only upon thyself. Thou shalt then make great progress, if thou keep thyself at leisure from all temporal care. Thou shalt greatly fall back, if thou es- teem anything temporal. 3. Let nothing be great unto thee; noth- ing high, nothing pleasing, nothing accept- able, except it be simply God, or cometh of God. Esteem all comfort vain 3 , which cometh to thee from any creature. A soul that loveth God, despiseth all things that are inferior unto God. Cod alone is ever- 1 S. Malt. xvi. 26. =1 Tor. iv. :;. (Jul. i. 10. 3 Eccles. i. 14. OF THE JOY OF A GOOD CONSCIENCE lasting, and of infinite greatness, filling all things ; the soul's solace, and the true joy of the heart. CHAPTER VI. OF THE JOY OF A GOOD CONSCIENCE THE glory of a good man, is the tes- timony of a good conscience 1 . Have a good conscience, and thou shalt ever have joy. A good conscience is able to bear very much, and is very joyful in adversities. An evil con- science is always fearful and unquiet 2 . Sweetly shalt thou rest if thy heart do not blame thee. Never rejoice, but when thou hast done well. Sinners have never true joy, nor feel inward peace; because there is no peace to the zvicked, saith the Lord s . And if they should say, We are in peace, no evil shall fall upon us 4 , and zvho shall dare to hurt us? believe them not ; for upon a sudden will arise the wrath of God, and their deeds shall be brought to nought, and their thoughts shall perish. To glory in tribulation, is no hard thing for him that loveth ; for so to glory is to glory in the Cross of the Lord 5 . Brief is the glory which is given and received from 1 1 Cor. i. 31. - Wisd. xvii. 11. 3 Isaiah xlviii. 22. 4 Mieah iii. 11: S. Luke xii. 19. 5 Rom. viii. (perhaps v. 3); Gal. vi. 14. 92 OF Tine joy of \ Goon CONSCIENCE men 1 . The world's glory is ever accom- panied by sorrow. The glory of the good is in their con- sciences, and not in the tongues of men. The gladness of the just is of God 2 , and in {]^(\\ and their joy is of the Truth. He that desireth true and everlasting glory, careth not for that which is temporal. And lie that seeketh temporal glory, or despis- eth it not from his soul, sheweth himself to love little the glory of heaven. Great tranquillity of heart hath he that careth neither for the praises, nor the fault-finding of men. He will easily be content and pacified, whose conscience is pure. Thou art not the more holy, if thou art praised ; nor the more worthless, if thou art found fault with. What thou art, that thou art ; neither by words canst thou be made greater than what thou art in the sight of God. If thou consider what thou art within thee, thou wilt not care what men talk of thee. Man looketh on the countenance, but God on the heart 3 . Man considereth the deeds, but God weigheth the intentions. To be always doing well, and to esteem little of one's self, is the sign of an humble soul. To refuse to be comforted by any creature, is a sign of great purity, and in- 1 S. John v. 44. *2 Cor. iii. 5. 3 1 Sam. xvi. 7. 93 OF THE LOVE OF JESUS ABOVE ALL THINGS ward confidence. He that seeketh no wit- ness for himself from without, sdoth shew that he hath wholly committed himself unto God. For not he that commendeth himself, the same is approved (saith blessed Paul), but whom God commend- eth 1 . To walk inwardly with God, and not to be kept abroad by any affection, is the state of an inwardly Christian man. CHAPTER VII. OF THE LOVE OF JESUS ABOVE ALL THINGS B— 1LESSED is he that understandeth 2 what it is to love Jesus, and to despise himself for Jesus' sake. Thou oughtest to leave thy be- loved, for thy Beloved 3 ; for that Jesus will be loved alone above all things. The love of things created is deceitful and in- constant ; the love of Jesus is faithful and persevering. He that cleaveth unto a crea- ture, shall fall with that which is subject to fall; he that embraceth Jesus shall be made strong for ever. 2. Love Him, and keep Him for thy friend, who, when all go away, will not forsake thee, nor suffer thee to perish in the end. Some time or other thou must be separated from all, whether thou wilt of no. Keep close to Jesus both in life and 1 2 Cor. x. 18. - Psalm cxix. 1, 2. 8 Deut. vi. 5; S. Matt. xxii. 37; Cant. ii. 16. 94 OF Tin: LOVE OF JESUS ABOVE ALL THINGS in death, and commit thyself unto His faithfulness, who, when all fail, can alone help thee. Thy Beloved is of that nature, that He will admit of no rival ; but will have thy heart alone, and sit on His throne as King. If thou couldest empty thyself perfectly from all creatures, Jesus would willingly dwell with thee. 3. Whatsoever thou reposest in men, out of Jesus, thou shalt find almost wholly lost. Trust not nor lean upon a reed shaken by the wind 1 ; for that all flesh is grass, and all the glory thereof shall wither away as the flozver of grass 2 . Quickly shalt thou be deceived, if thou only look to the outward appearance of men. For if in others thou seekest thy comfort and profit, thou shalt too often feel loss. If thou seekest in all things Jesus, thou shalt surely find Jesus. But if thou seekest thyself, thou shalt also find thyself, but to thine own destruction. For man is more hurtful to himself if he seek not Jesus, than the whole world and all his adversaries. 1 IS. Matt. xi. 7. 2 Isaiah xl. 6. 95 OF FAMILIAR CONVERSE WITH JESUS CHAPTER VIII. OF FAMILIAR CONVERSE WITH JESUS w HEN Jesus is present, all is good and nothing seems difficult; but when Jesus is absent, all is hard. When Jesus speaketh not in- wardly to us, all other comfort is nothing worth ; but if Jesus speak but one word, we feel great comfort. Did not Mary Magdalene rise immediately from the place where she wept, when Martha said to her, The Master is come arid calleth for thee 1 ? Happy hour! when Jesus calleth from tears to spiritual joy. How dry and hard art thou without Je- sus ! How foolish and vain, if thou desire any thing out of Jesus ! Is not this a greater loss, than if thou shouldest lose the whole world 2 ? What can the world profit thee without Jesus ? To be without Jesus, is a grievous hell; and to be with Jesus, a sweet paradise. If Jesus be with thee 3 , no enemy shall be able to hurt thee. He that findeth Jesus, findeth a good treasure 4 , yea, a Good above all good. And he that loseth Jesus loseth much in- deed, yea, more than the whole world ! Most poor is he who liveth without Jesus 5 ; and he most rich who is well with Jesus. 2. It is great skill to know how to hold 1 S. John xi. 28. - S. Matt. xvi. 26. 3 Rom. viii. 35 4 S. Matt. xiii. 44. 5 S. Luke xii. 21. 96 OF 1-AMH.iAR CONVERSE WITH JESU8 converse with Jesus; and to know how to keen Jesus, great wisdom. Be thou hum- ble and peaceable, and Jesus will be with thee 1 . Be devout and quiet, and Jesus will stay with thee. Thou mayest soon drive away Jesus, and lose His favour, if thou wilt turn aside to outward things. And if thou shouldest drive Him from thee, and lose Him, unto whom wilt thou flee, and whom wilt thou then seek for thy friend? Without a friend thou canst not live well ; and if Jesus be not above all a friend to thee, thou shalt be indeed sad and desolate. Thou actest therefore like an idiot, if thou trust or rejoice in any other 2 . It is pref- erable to have all the world against us, rather than to have Jesus offended with us. Amongst all therefore that be dear unto us, let Jesus alone be specially be- loved. 3. "Love all for Jesus, but Jesus for Him- self. Jesus Christ alone is singularly to be beloved : who alone is found good and faithful above all friends. For Him, and in Him, let both friends and foes be dear unto thee ; and all these are to be prayed for, that He would make them all to know and iove Him 3 . Never desire to be singularly commend- ed or beloved, for that appertained only 1 Prow iii. 17. - Gal. vi. 14. S S. Matt. v. 44.; S. Luke vi. 27, 28. 97 OF FAMILIAR CONVERSE WITH JESUS unto God, who hath none like unto Him- self. Neither do thou desire that the heart of any should be set on thee, nor do thou set thy heart on the love of any; but let Jesus be in thee, and in every good man. Be pure and free within, and not en- tangled with any creature. Thou ought- est to be unclothed and ever to carry thy heart pure towards God, if thou wouldest be free from the world and see how sweet the Lord is 1 . And truly, unless thou be prevented and drawn by His grace, thou shalt never attain to that happiness, to empty thyself of all, and take leave of all, that thou alone mayest with Him alone be made one. For when the grace of God cometh unto a man, then he is made able for all things. And when it goeth away, then shall he be poor and weak, and, as it were, left only to stripes. In this case he ought not to be cast down, nor to despair ; but at God's will to stand with even mind, and whatever come upon him to endure it for the glory of Jesus Christ; for after winter followeth summer, after night the day returneth, and after a tempest a great calm 2 . 1 Psalm xxxiv. 9. 2 S. Matt. viii. 26. 98 OB THK WANT Ol" Al.I. COMl'ORT CHAPTER IX. OF THE WANT OF ALL COMFORT QVf is no hard matter to despise human comfort, when we have gj divine. It is a great thing, yea, J very great, to be able to want both human and divine comfort 1 ; and, for God's honour, to be willing cheerfully to endure the heart's banishment ; and to seek oneself in nothing, nor to regard one's own merit. What great matter is it, if at the coming of grace thou be cheerful and devout? this hour is wished for of all men. Sweetly enough he rideth whom the grace of God carrieth. And what marvel if he feel not his burden, who is borne up by the Al- mighty, and led by the Sovereign Guide ? We are always willing to have some- thing for our comfort; and with difficulty a man doth strip himself of self. The holy martyr Laurence 2 , with his priest, overcame the world, because what- soever seemed delightsome in the world he despised ; and for the love of Christ he pa- tiently suffered the chief priest Sixtus, whom he most dearly loved, to be even taken awav from him. By the love of the Creator, therefore, he overcame the love of man ; and he rather chose what pleased 1 Phil. ii. 12. - Lives of the Saints, Aug. 10. L OF C. OF THE WANT OF Ahh COMFORT God, than human comfort. So also do thou learn to leave even a near and dear friend, for the love of God. Nor do thou take it hard, when thou art deserted by a friend, as knowing that we all at last must be separated one from another. A man must strive much and long with- in himself, before he can learn fully to master himself, and to draw his whole af- fection unto God. When a man standeth on himself, he easily slideth unto human comforts. But a true lover of Christ, and a diligent follower of virtues doth not fall back on comforts, nor seek such sensible sweetnesses ; but rather seeketh hard exer- cises, and to bear severe labours for Christ. 2. When therefore spiritual comfort is given thee from God, receive it with thanksgiving ; but understand that is is the gift of God, not thy deserving. Be not puffed up, be not too joyful nor vainly presumptuous ; but rather be the more humble for that gift, more wary too and fearful in all thine actions ; for that hour will pass away, and temptation will follow. When consolation is taken from thee, do not immediately despair ; but with humility and patience wait for the heavenly visita- tion; for God is able to give thee back again more ample consolation. This is nothing new nor strange unto them that have experience in the way of ioo Ofl THE WANT OK ALI. COMFORT God : for the great Saints and ancient Prophets had oftentimes experience of Such kind of vicissitudes. For which cause, one, while grace was present with him, said, / said in my prosperity, I shall never be moved 1 . But when this grace was absent, what he found in himself he goeth on to speak of, saying, Thou didst turn Thy face from me, and I zvas trou- bled. Yet in the midst of all this he doth not by any means despair, but more ear- nestly beseecheth the Lord, and saith, Unto Thee, O Lord, will I cry, and unto my God will I complain. At length he receiveth the fruit of his prayer, and testi- fieth that he was heard, saying, The Lord hath heard me, and taken pity on me; the Lord is become my helper. But wherein? Thou hast turned, saith he, my sorrow into joy, and Thou hast compassed me about with gladness. If great Saints were so dealt with, we that are weak and poor ought not to despair, if we be sometimes fervent and sometimes cold ; for the Spirit cometh and goeth, according to the good pleasure of His own will 2 . For which cause blessed Job saith, Thou visitest him early in the morning, and dost try him every month 3 . 3. Whereupon then can I hope, or wherein ought I to trust, save in the great mercy of God alone, and in the hope alone of heavenly grace? For whether I have 1 Psalm xxx. G-ll. - S. John iii. 8. 3 Job vii. 18. IOI OF THE WANT OF ALL COMFORT with me good men, or religious brethren and faithful friends ; whether holy books or fair treatises, or sweet chanting and hymns, all these help but little, and have but little savour, when I am forsaken of grace, and left in mine own poverty. At such time there is no better remedy than patience, and the denying of myself ac- cording to the will of God 1 . I never found any so religious and de- vout, that he had not sometimes a with- drawing of grace, or felt not some de- crease of zeal. There was never Saint so high caught up 2 and illuminated, who first or last was not tempted. For he is not worthy of the high contemplation of God, who hath not been exercised with some tribulation for God's sake. Temptation going before is wont to be a sign of en- suing comfort. For unto those that are proved by temptations, heavenly comfort is promised. He that shall overcome, saith He, / will give kirn to eat of the Tree of life 3 . But divine consolation is given, that a man may be bolder to bear adversities. There followeth also temptation, lest he should wax proud of any good. The devil sleepeth not 4 , neither is the flesh as yet dead; therefore cease not to prepare thy- self to the battle ; for on thy right hand and on thy left are enemies who never rest. 1 S. Luke ix. 23. 2 2 Cor. xii. 2. 3 Rev. ii. 7. 4 1 Pet. v. 8. 102 OF GRATITUDE FOR THE GRACE OF GOD CHAPTER X. OF GRATITUDE FOR THE GRACE OF GOD W— 1IIY seekest thou rest, since thou art bom to labour 1 . Dispose gjjFgj thyself to patience rather than to E*^* 3 ! comfort, and to the hearing of the Cross, rather than to gladness 2 . What secular person is there that would not willingly receive comfort and spiritual joy, if he could always have it? For spir- itual comforts exceed all the delights of the world and pleasures of the flesh. For all worldly delights are either vain or un- clean ; but spiritual delights are only pleas- ant and honest, sprung from virtues, and infused by God into pure minds. But these divine comforts can no man always enjoy according to his desire; for the time of temptation ceaseth not. But false freedom of mind and great confidence of ourselves is very contrary to the heavenly visitation. God doth well for us in giving the grace of comfort; but man doth evil in not re- turning all again unto God with thanks- giving. And therefore the gifts of grace cannot flow in us, because we are unthank- ful to the Giver, and return them not wholly to the Head-fountain 3 . For grace 1 Job. v. 7. ■ S. Luke xiv. 27. 3 Ecclus. i. 5. 103 OF GRATITUDE EOR THE GRACE OE GOD ever attendeth him that duly giveth thanks ; and from the proud shall be taken that which is wont to be given to the humble. I desire not that consolation which tak- eth from me contrition ; nor do I aim at that contemplation which leadeth to haugh- tiness of mind. For not all that is high, is holy ; nor all that is sweet, good ; nor every desire, pure ; nor is every thing that is dear unto us, pleasing to God. Will- ingly do I accept of that grace, whereby I may ever be found more humble, and more full of fear, and may become more ready to renounce myself. 2. He that is taught by the gift of grace, and schooled by the rod of its withdrawing, will not dare to attribute any good to him- self, but will rather acknowledge himself poor and naked. Give unto God that which is God's 1 , and ascribe unto thyself that which is thine own ; that is, give thanks to God for His grace ; and feel that to thyself alone the fault, and the fit pun- ishment of the fault, are due. Set thyself always in the lowest place 2 , and the highest shall be given thee ; for the highest cannot stand without the low- est. The chiefest Saints before God, are the least before themselves ; and the more glorious they are, so much within them- 1 S. Matt. xxii. 21. 2 S. Luke xiv. 10. 104 OF GRATITUDE FOR THE GRACE OF GOD selves the humbler. Those that are full of truth and heavenly glory, are not greedy of vain-glory. Those that are firmly set- tled and grounded in God, can no wise be puffed Up. And they that aseribe all unto God, what good soever they have received, seek not glory one of another, but wish for that glory which is from God alone; and desire above all things that God may be praised in them, and in all His Saints ; and after this very thing they are ever striving. Be therefore thankful for the least gift, so shalt thou be meet to receive greater. Let the least be unto thee even as the greatest, yea the most contemptible gift as of especial value. If thou consider the worth of the Giver, no gift will seem little, or of too mean esteem. For that cannot be little which is given by the Most High God. Yea, if He should give punishment and stripes, it ought to be matter of thank- fulness ; because He doth it always for our welfare, whatsoever He permitteth to hap- pen unto us. He that desireth to keep the grace of God, let him be thankful for grace given, and patient for the taking away thereof: let him pray that it may return ; let him be cautious and humble, lest he lose it. 105 THAT THE LOVERS OE THE CROSS ARE EEW CHAPTER XI. HOW FEW ARE THE LOVERS OF THE CROSS OF JESUS ESUS hath now many lovers of His heavenly kingdom, but few bearers of His Cross. Many He hath that are desirous of consola- tion, but few of tribulation. Many He findeth that share His table, but few His fasting. All desire to rejoice w T ith Him, few are willing to endure any thing for Him. Many follow Jesus unto the break- ing of bread ; but few to the drinking of the Cup of His Passion 1 . Many rever- ence His miracles, few follow the shame of His Cross. Many love Jesus so long as no adversities befall them. Many praise and bless Him, so long as they receive any consolations from Him. But if Jesus hide Himself, and leave them but a little while, they fall either into complaining, or into too much dejection of mind. But they who love Jesus for the sake of Jesus, and not for some special comfort of their own, bless Him in all tribulation and anguish of heart, as well as in the highest comfort. Yea, although He should never be willing to give them comfort, Himself notwithstanding they would ever praise, and wish to be always giving thanks. O 1 S. Luke ix. 14; xxii. 41, 42. 106 THAT THE LOVERS OF THE CROSS ARE PEW how powerful is the pure love of Jesus, which is mixed with no self-interest, or self-love ! Are not all those to be called hirelings, who are ever seeking consolations? Do they not shew themselves to be rather lov- ers of themselves than of Christ, who are always thinking of their own advantage and profit 1 ? 2. Where shall one be found who is will- ing to serve God for nought 2 ? Rarely is any one found so spiritual as to be stript of all things. For who shall find a man that is indeed poor in spirit, and stript of every created thing? From afar, yea, above rubies is his price 3 . If a man should give all his substance, yet is it nothing 4 . And if he should prac- tise great penance, still it is little. And if he should attain to all knowledge, still he is afar off. And if he should have great virtue, and very fervent devotion, yet there is much wanting to him ; especially, one thing, which is for him most chiefly nec- essary. What is that? That, forsaking all, he forsake himself, and go forth whol- ly from himself 5 , and retain nothing of self-love. And when he hath done all that he knoweth ought to be done, let him think that he hath done nothing. Let him not weigh that much, which might be much 1 Phil. ii. 21. 2 Job i. 9. * * Pro v. xxxi. 10. 4 Cant. viii. 7. 5 S. Matt. xvi. 24. 10/ OF THE HIGH WAY OF THE HOLY CROSS esteemed; but let him pronounce himself to be in truth an unprofitable servant, as the Truth saith, When you shall have done all things that are commanded you, say, we are unprofitable servants 1 . Then may he be truly poor and naked in spirit, and say with the Prophet / am alone and poor 2 . Yet no man richer than he, no man more powerful, no man more free : for he is able to leave himself and all things, and to set himself in the lowest place. CHAPTER XII. OF THE KING'S HIGH WAY OF THE HOLY CROSS UNTO many this seemeth an hard saying, Deny thyself, take up thy cross, and follow Jesus 3 . But much harder will it be to hear that last word, Depart from Me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire 4 '. For they who now willingly hear and follow the word of the Cross, shall not then fear 5 to hear the sen- tence of everlasting damnation. This sign of the Cross shall be in the heaven, when the Lord shall come to judgment 6 . Then all the servants of the Cross, who in their life-time conformed themselves unto Christ crucified, shall draw near unto Christ the 1 S. Lukexvii. 10. 2 Psalinxxv. 16. 3 S. Matt.xvi.24. 4 S. Matt. xxy. 41. 5 Psalm cxii. 7. S. Matt. xxiv. 30. 108 OF THK HIGH WAV oi< Till-: HOLY CROSS Judge with great confidence. Why there- fore fearest thou to take up the Cross which leadeth thee to a kingdom? In the Cross is salvation, in the Cross is life, in the Cross is protection against our enemies, in the Cross is infusion of heavenly sweetness, in the Cross is strength of mind, in the Cross joy of spirit, in the Cross the height of virtue, in the Cross the perfection of holiness. There is no salvation of the soul, nor hope of everlasting life, but in the Cross. Take up therefore thy Cross and follow Jesus 1 , and thou shalt go into life everlasting. He went before, bearing His Cross 2 , and died for thee on the Cross ; that thou also mayest bear thy Cross and desire to die on the Cross. For if thou be dead with Him, thou shalt also in like manner live with Him 3 . And if thou share His punish- ment, thou shalt also share His glory 4 . Behold ! in the Cross all doth consist, and in our dying thereon all lieth ; for there is no other way unto life, and unto true inward peace, but the way of the holy Cross, and of daily mortification. Walk where thou wilt, seek whatsoever thou wilt, thou shalt not find a higher way above, nor a safer way below, than the way of the holy Cross. 1 S. Luke xiv. 27. 2 S. John xix. 17. 3 Gal. ii. 20; Rom. vi. 8. 4 2 Cor. 1. 5. 109 OF THE HIGH WAY OF THE HOLY CROSS Dispose and order all things according to thy will and judgment, and thou shalt not find but that thou must always suffer somewhat, either willingly or against thy will, and so thou shalt ever find the Cross. For either thou shalt feel pain in thy body, or in thy soul thou shalt suffer tribulation of spirit. Sometimes thou shalt be for- saken of God, sometimes thou shalt be troubled by thy neighbour; and, what is more,, oftentimes thou shalt be wearisome to thine own self. Neither canst thou be delivered or eased by any remedy or com- fort; but so long as it pleaseth God thou oughtest to bear it. For God will have thee learn to suffer tribulation without comfort; and that thou subject thyself wholly to Him, and by tribulation become more humble. No man so feeleth from his heart the passion of Christ, as he to whom it hath befallen to suffer the like. The Cross therefore is always ready, and everywhere waiteth for thee. Thou canst not escape it whithersoever thou runnest ; for wheresoever thou goest thou earnest thyself with thee, and ever shalt find thyself. Turn thee above, turn thee below, turn thee without, turn thee with- in, and in all these places thou shalt find the Cross ; and everywhere of necessity thou must hold fast patience, if thou wilt have inward peace, and win an everlasting crown. no OF THE HIGH WAV OF THE HOLY CR< 2, [f thou boar the Cross cheerfully, it will bear thee, and load thee to the desired vnd. to wit, where there shall be an end of suffering; though here this shall not be. If thou bear it unwillingly, thou makest for thyself a load, and burdenest thyself the more, and yet notwithstanding thou must bear it. If thou cast away one cross, without doubt thou shalt find another, and perhaps a heavier one. Thinkest thou to escape that which no mortal man could ever avoid? Which of the Saints in the world was without cross and tribulation? For not even our Lord Jesus Christ was ever one hour without the anguish of His Passion, so long as He lived. Christ, saith He, must needs suffer, and rise again from the dead, and so enter into His glory 1 . And how dost thou seek any other way than this royal way, which is the way of the holy Cross? The whole life of Christ was a Cross and Martyrdom; and dost thou seek rest and joy for thyself? Thou art deceived, thou art deceived, if thou seek any other thing than to suffer tribulations ; for the whole of this mortal life is full of miseries 2 , and signed on every side with crosses. And the higher a person hath advanced in the Spirit, so much the heavier crosses he oftentimes findeth ; because the grief of his banishment increaseth with his love. 1 S. Luke xxiv. 120. 2 Job vii. 1. HI OF THE HIGH WAY OF THE HOLY CROSS 3. Nevertheless, this man, though so many ways afflicted, is not without re- freshing comfort, for that he perceiveth very much fruit to grow unto him by the enduring of his own cross. For whilst he willingly putteth himself under it, all the burden of tribulation is turned into the confidence of Divine comfort. And the more the flesh is wasted in affliction, so much the more is the spirit made strong by inward grace 1 . And sometimes he is so strengthened by the desire of tribula- tion and adversity, for the love of con- formity to the Cross of Christ, that he would not wish to be without pain and tribulation 2 ; because he believeth that he shall be unto God so much the more ac- ceptable, the more and the heavier things he can suffer for him. This is not the power of man, but it is the grace of Christ, which can and doth so much in frail flesh; so that what nat- urally it always abhorreth and fleeth from, this by fervour of spirit it doth encounter and love. It is not according unto man to bear the Cross, to love the Cross, to mor- tify the body, and bring it into subjection, to flee honours, willingly to suffer re- proaches, to despise himself and wish to be despised, to endure all adversities and losses, and to desire no prosperity in this x 2 Cor. iv. 16. 2 2 Cor. iv. 16; xi. 23-30. 112 oKTllK HIGH WAY OF THE HOLY CROSS world, [f thou look to thyself, nothing of this kind shalt thou be able o\ thyself to accomplish 1 . But if thou trust in the Lord, fortitude shall be given thee from heaven, and the world and the flesh shall be made subject to thy sway. Neither yet shalt thou fear thy enemy the devil, if thou be armed with faith, and signed with the Cross of Christ. Set thyself therefore, like a good and faithful servant of Christ, to bear man- fully the Cross of thy Lord, who out of love for thee was crucified. Prepare thy- self to bear many adversities and divers troubles in this miserable life ; for so it will be with thee, wheresoever thou art, and so surely thou shalt find it, whereso- ever thou hide thyself. So it must be ; nor is there any remedy or means to es- cape from tribulation and pain of evils, but only to endure thyself. Drink of the Lord's cup 2 with all thine heart, if thou desire to be His friend, and to have part with him. As for comforts, leave them to God ; let him do therein as shall best please Him. But do thou set thyself to suffer trib- nlations, and account them the greatest comforts ; for the sufferings of this present time, although thou alone couldest suffer them all, are not worthy to be compared with the future glory which is to be won 3 . J 2 Cor. iii. 5. 2 S. Matt. xx. 23; S. John xviii. 11. •Bom.viii.l8;cp. S. Bernard, Adu. B. V. M. Serin, i. U3 OF THE HIGH WAY OF THE HOLY CROSS 4. When thou shalt come to this estate, that tribulation 1 shall seem sweet, and thou shalt relish it for Christ's sake ; then think it to be well with thee, for thou hast found Paradise upon earth. As long as it is grievous to thee to suffer, and thou desirest to flee it, so long shalt thou be ill at ease, and the desire of escaping tribula- tion will follow thee everywhere. If thou dost set thyself to that thou oughtest namely, to suffering, and to death, it will quickly be better with thee, and thou shalt find peace. Although thou shouldest have been caught up even unto the third heaven with Paul 2 , thou art unto the third heaven with thou shalt suffer no adversity. / will shew him, saith Jesus, how great things he must suffer for My name*. To suffer, there- fore, remaineth for thee, if it please thee to love Jesus, and to serve Him perpet- ually. O that thou wert worthy to suffer something for the ame of Jesus 4 ! How great glory would remain for thee ; what joy would arise to all God's Saints; how great edification also to thy neighbour! For all men recommend patience ; few, however, are they who are willing to suf- fer. With great reason oughtest thou cheerfully to suffer some little for Christ; 1 Rom. v. 3; Gal. vi. 14. 2 2 Cor. xii. 4. 3 Acts ix. 16. 4 Acts v. 41. 114 OF THE HIGH \\A\ OF THE HOLY CROSS since many suffer more grievous things for the world. 5. Know for certain, that thou oughtesf to load a dying life'. And the more any man dieth to himself, so much the more doth he begin to live unto God. No man is lit to comprehend things heavenly, un- less he submit himself to the bearing of adversities for Christ's sake. Nothing is more acceptable to God, nothing more wholesome to thee in this world, than to suffer cheerfully for Christ. And if it were for thee to choose, thou oughtest rather to suffer adversities for Christ, than to be refreshed with many consolations ; because thou wouldest thus be more like unto Christ, and more conformable to all the Saints. For our worthiness, and the progress of our spiritual estate, standeth not in many sweetnesses and comforts ; but rather in thoroughly enduring great afflictions and tribulations. Indeed, if there had been any better thing, and more profitable to a man's sal- vation, than suffering, surely Christ would have shewn it by word and example. For both the disciples that followed Him, and. all who desire to follow Him, he plainly exhorteth to the bearing of the Cross, and saith, If any will come after Me, let him deny himself, and take lih his Cross, and 1 Psalm xliv. 22. TI5 of th£ high way of the: holy cross follow Me 1 . So that when we have read to the end and searched through all, let this be the final conclusion, That through many tribulations we must enter into the Kingdom of God 2 . 1 S. Luke ix. 23. 2 Acts xiv. 22. Ii6 ®tj? Smttatiott of GJljriat THE THIRD BOOK (§f ifntmtal (taaalattnn ©f Sntmtal OlnuBolattnn CHAPTER L OF CHRIST'S SPEAKING INWARDLY TO THE FAITHFUL SOUL WILL hearken what the Lord God speaketh in me 1 . Blessed is the soul which heareth the Lord speaking within her 2 , and from His mouth receiveth the word of consola- tion. Blessed are the ears that catch the pulses of the Divine whisper', and give no heed to the whisperings of this world. Blessed indeed are those ears which listen not after the voice which is sounding with- out, but for the Truth teaching inwardly. Blessed are the eyes that are shut to out- ward things, but intent on things inward. Blessed are they that enter far into things within, and endeavour to prepare them- selves more and more, by daily exercises, for the receiving of heavenly secrets. Blessed are they who are glad to have 1 Psalm ixxxv. 8. 2 1 Sam. ii. 9 3 S. Matt. xiii. 16, 17. 119 OF THE TRUTH SPEAKING INWARDLY time to spare for God, and who shake off all worldly hindrances. 2. Consider these things, O my soul, and shut up the door of thy sensual desires, that thou mayest hear what the Lord thy God speaketh in thee 1 . Thus saith thy Beloved, / am thy salva- tion 2 , thy Peace, and thy Life : keep thy- self with Me, and thou shalt find peace. Let go all transitory things, and seek the things eternal. What are all transitory objects but seductive things? and what can all creatures avail thee, if thou be for- saken by the Creator ? Renounce therefore all things, and la- bour to please thy Creator, and to be faith- ful unto Him, that so thou mayest be able to attain unto true blessedness. CHAPTER II. THAT THE TRUTH SPEAKETH INWARDLY WITHOUT NOISE OF WORDS SPEAK, Lord, for thy servant heareth 3 . I am Thy servant, grant me understanding, that I may know Thy testimonies 4 '. In- cline my heart to the words of Thy month: let Thy speech distil as the dew 5 . The children of Israel in times past said unto Moses, Speak thou unto us, and 1 Psalm Ixxxv. 8. 2 Psalm xxxv. 3. 3 1 Sam. iii. 9. 4 Psalm cxix. 125. 5 Deut. xxxii. 2- 120 OFTHE TRUTH SPEAKING i.\\\ akdi.v we will hear: Let not the Lord speak unto lest haply we die 1 . Not so, Lord, not so, 1 beseech Thee: but rather with the prophet Samuel, 1 humbly and earnestly entreat. Speak, Lord, for Thy servant etli. 2. Let not Moses speak unto me, nor any of the prophets, but rather do Thou speak, O Lord God, the Inspirer and En- lightener of all the prophets ; for Thou alone without them canst perfectly in- struct me, but they without Thee will profit nothing. They may indeed sound forth words, but they cannot give the Spirit. Beauti- ful is their speech, but if Thou be silent, they kindle not the heart. They give the letter, but Thou openest the sense ; they bring forth mysteries, but Thou unlockest the meaning of things that are sealed. They declare commandments, but Thou helpest us to fulfil them. They point out the way, but Thou givest strength to walk in it. They work only from without, but thou instructest and enlightenest hearts. They water outwardly, but Thou givest the increase 2 . They cry aloud in w 7 ords, but Thou to the hearing impartest under- standing. Let not Moses therefore speak unto me, but Thou, O Lord my God, the Everlast- 1 Exod. xx. 19. - 1 Cor. iii. 6. 121 HEARING GODS WORDS WITH HUMILITY ing Truth ; lest haply I die, and prove un- fruitful, if I be only warned outwardly, and not set on fire within, lest it turn to my condemnation, — the word heard and not fulfilled, known and not loved, believed and not kept. Speak therefore, Lord, for Thy servant heareth ; for Thou hast the words of eternal life 1 . Speak Thou unto me, to the comfort, however imperfect, of my soul, and to the amendment of my whole life, and to Thy praise and glory and honour everlasting. CHAPTER III. THAT THE WORDS OF GOD ARE TO BE HEARD WITH HUMILITY, AND THAT MANY WEIGH THEM NOT MY son, hear My words, words of greatest sweetness, surpassing all the knowledge of the philoso- phers and wise men of this world. My zvords are Spirit and Life 2 , and not to be weighed by the understanding of man. They are not to be drawn forth for vain self-pleasing, but to be heard in silence, and to be received with all humility and great affection. And I said, Blessed is the man whom Thou shalt instruct, Lord, and shalt teach out of Thy law, that Thou mayest 1 S. John vi. 68. - S. John vi. 63. 122 HEADING GODS WORDS WITH HUMILITY r him rest from the evil days 1 , and that he be not desolate upon earth. 2, I. saith the Lord, have taught the Prophets from the beginning 2 , and cease not, oven to this day, to speak to all; but many are deaf, and hardened to My voice. Most men do more willingly listen to the world than to God ; they sooner follow the desire of their own flesh, than God's good pleasure. The world promiseth things temporal and mean, and is served with great eager- ness : I promise things most high and eter- nal, and the hearts of mortals grow dull. Who is there that in all things serveth and obeyeth Me with so great care as the world and its lords are served withal? Be ashamed, O Sid on, saith the seer. And if thou ask the cause, hear wherefore. For a small income, a long journey is run ; for everlasting life, many scarce once lift a foot from the ground. A pitiful reward is -ought after; for a single piece of mon- ey sometimes there is shameful strife at law ; for a vain matter and a slight prom- ise men fear not to toil day and night. But, ah shame ! for a good that changeth not, for a reward that cannot be reckoned, for the highest honour, and glory without end, they grudge even the least fatigue. Be ashamed, therefore, Jhou slothful and 1 Psalm xciv. 12, 13. 2 Heb. i. 1. 1 Isaiah xxiii. 4. 123 HEARING GOD S WORDS WITH HUMILITY complaining servant, that they are found more ready to destruction than thou to life. They rejoice more in vanity than thou dost in the truth. Sometimes, indeed, they are disappoint- ed of their hope; but My promise deceiv- eth none 1 , nor sendeth him away empty that trusteth in Ale. What I have prom- ised, I will give; what I have said, I will fulfil ; if only anyman remain faithful in My love even to the end. I am the Re- warder of all good men 2 , and the strong Approver of all who are devoted to me. Write thou My words in thy heart, and meditate diligently on them ; for in time of temptation they will be very needful. What thou understandest not when thou readest, thou shalt know in the day of visi- tation. In two several ways, I am wont to visit Mine elect, namely with tempta- tion and with consolation. And I daily read two lessons to them, one in reproving their vices, another in exhorting them to the increase of virtues. He that hath My words and despiseth them, hath One that shall judge him in the last day 3 . 3. A Prayer to implore the grace of Devotion. Lord my God ! Thou art all my 1 Rom. i. 26; S. Matt. xxiv. 35. 2 Rev. ii. 23; S. Matt. v. 6; xxv. 21. 3 S. John xii. 48. 124 HEARING GODS WORDS WITH HUMILITY good things. And who am 1. that 1 should dare speak to Thee 1 ? 1 am Thy poorest, meanest servant, and a vile worm, much more poor and contemptible than I know or dare express. Yet do Thou remember me, O Lord, because I am nothing, I have nothing, and I can do nothing. Thou alone art Good, Just, and Holy ; Thou canst do all things, Thou suppliest all things. Thou fittest all things, only the sinner Thou leavest emp- ty. Remember Thy tender mereies' 2 , and fill my heart with Thy grace. Thou who wiliest not that Thy works should be void. How can I bear up myself in this miser- able life, unless Thou strengthen me with Thy mercy and grace? Turn not Thy face away from me 3 ; de- lay not Thy visitation ; withdraw not thy consolation, lest my soul become as a thirsty land unto Thee 4 . Teach me, O Lord, to do Thy will 5 ; teach me to live worthily and humbly in Thy sight; for Thou art my Wisdom, Who dost truly know me, and didst know me before the world was made, and before I was born in the world. 1 Gen. xviii. 27; 1 Sam. xviii. 28. 23. - Psalm xxv. 6. 3 Psalm lxix. 17. 4 Psalin cxliii. 0. 5 Psalm cxliii. 10. 125 OF WALKING IN TRUTH AND HUMIUTY CHAPTER IV. THAT WE OUGHT TO LIVE IN TRUTH AND HUMIUTY BEFORE GOD M"^Y son, walk thou before Me in truth, and in the simplicity of thine heart seek Me evermore 1 . He that walketh before Me in truth shall be defended from evil attacks, and the Truth shall set him 2 free from seducers, and from the slanders of unjust men. // the Truth shall have made thee free, thou shalt be free indeed 3 , and shalt not care for the vain words of men. O Lord, it is true. According as Thou sayest, so, I beseech thee, let it be with me ; let Thy Truth teach me, itself guard me, and preserve me to an end of safety. Let it set me free from all evil affection and inordinate love ; and I shall walk with Thee in great liberty of heart. 2. I will teach thee (saith the Truth) those things which are right and pleasing in My sight. Reflect on thy sins with great displeas- ure and grief ; and never esteem thyself to be any thing, because of good works. In truth thou art a sinner ; thou art sub- ject to and entangled with many passions. Of thyself thou always tendest to nothing; 1 Gen. xvii. 1; Wisd. i. 1. 2 S. John viii. 32. 3 S. John viii. 36. 126 OF WAi.ki.w. 1\ TRUTH \M> HUMILITY speedily art thou cast down, speedily over- come, speedily confused, speedily dis- solved. Thou hast nothing whereof thou canst glory 1 , but many things for which thou oughtest to account thyself vile; for thou art much weaker than thou art able to comprehend. Let nothing therefore seem much unto thee of all the things thou doest. Let nothing seem great, nothing precious and wonderful, nothing worthy of estimation, nothing high, nothing truly commendable and to be desired, but that alone which is eternal. Let the eternal Truth be above all things pleasing to thee. Let thy own extreme unworthiness be always displeas- ing to thee. Fear nothing so much, blame nothing, flee nothing, so much as thy vices and sins ; which ought to be more unpleas- ing to thee than any losses whatsoever of things earthly. Some walk not sincerely in My sight 2 , but led by a certain curiosity and arro- gance wish to know My secrets, and to understand the deep things of God, neg- lecting themselves and their own salvation. These oftentimes, when I resist them, for their pride and curiosity do fall into great temptations and sins. Fear the judgments of God ; dread the wrath of the Almighty. Do not, however, discuss the works of the *1 Cor. iv. 7. "Ecclna iii. 2L-23; 2 Cor. ii. 17. 127 OF THE EFFECT OF DIVINE LOVE Most High, but search diligently thine own iniquities, in how great things thou hast offended, and how many good things thou hast neglected. Some carry their devotion only in books, some in pictures, some in outw^ard signs and figures. Some have Me often in their mouth; but little of me there is in their heart 1 . Others there are who, being illuminated in their understandings, and purged in their affection, do always pant after things eternal, are unwilling to hear of earthly things, and do serve the necessities of na- ture with grief; and these perceive what the Spirit of Truth speaketh in them 2 , for He teach eth them to despise earthly, and to love heavenly things ; to neglect the world, and to desire Heaven all the day and night 3 . CHAPTER V. OF THE WONDERFUL EFFECT OF DIVINE LOVE i BLESS Thee, O Heavenly Father, Father of my Lord Jesus Christ, for that Thou hast vouchsafed to remember me that am poor. Father of mercies and God of all com- fort*, thanks be unto Thee, who sometimes 1 Isaiah xxix. 13. - Psalm xxy. 5. 3 Psalm i. 2. 4 2 Cor. i. 3. 128 O* THE EFFECT oi- DIVINE LOVE with Thy comfort re freshest me, unwor- thy as I am of all comfort. I will always bless and glorify Thee, with Thy only- begotten Son. and the Holy Ghost, the Comforter, for ever and ever. Ah, Lord Cod, Thou Holy One who lovest me; when Thou comest into my heart, all that is within me shall rejoice. Thou art my Glory and the exultation of my heart; Thou art my Hope and Refuge in the day of my trouble 1 . But because I am as yet weak in love, and imperfect in virtue, I have need to be strengthened and comforted by Thee ; visit me therefore often, and instruct me with all holy discipline. Set me free from evil passions, and heal my heart of all in- ordinate affections ; that being inwardly healed and thoroughly cleansed, I may be made ready to love, strong to sufler, steady to persevere. 2. Love is a great thing, yea, altogether a great good ; by itself it maketh light every thing that is heavy, and it beareth evenly all that is uneven. For it carrieth a burden which is no burden 2 , and maketh every thing that is bitter, sweet and taste- ful. The noble love of Jesus driveth a man to do great things, and stirreth him up to be always longing for what is more perfect. Love willeth to be on high, and 1 Psalm xxxii. 7; lix. 10. * S. Matt. xi. 30. I2Q OF THE EFFECT OF DIVINE LOVE not to be kept back by any thing low and mean. Love willeth to be free, and es- tranged from all worldly affection, that so its inward sight may not be hindered ; that it may not be entangled by any temporal prosperity, or by any adversity subdued. Nothing is sweeter than love, nothing stronger, nothing higher, nothing wider, nothing more pleasant, nothing fuller nor better in Heaven and earth ; because Love is born of God 1 , and cannot rest but in God, above all created things. A lover flieth, runneth, and rejoiceth; he is free, and is not holden. He giveth all for all, and hath all in all ; because he resteth in One Highest above all things, from whom all that is good floweth and proceedeth. He respecteth not the gifts, but turneth himself above all goods unto the Giver. Love oftentimes knoweth no measure, but is fervent beyond all measure. Love feeleth no burden, thinketh nothing of labours, attempteth what is above its strength, pleadeth no excuse of impossi- bility ; for it thinketh all things possible for itself and all things lawful. It is therefore strong for all things, and it com- pleteth many things, and bringeth them to effect, where he who doth not love, fainteth and lieth down. Love is watch- ful, and sleeping slumbereth not 2 . Though 1 1 John iv, 7. - Rom. viii. 19, 130 or THE EFFECT OF DIVINE LOVE wearied, it 1S not tired; though pressed, it is not straitened; though alarmed, it is not confounded; but as a lively dame and burning torch, it forceth its way upwards, and securely passeth through all. If any man love, he knoweth what is the cry ot this voice. For it is a loud cry in the ears of God, that ardent affection of the soul, when it saith, 'My God, Object of my Love, Thou art all mine, and I am all Thine.' Enlarge thou me in Love, that with the inward palate of my heart I may learn to taste how sweet it is to love, and in Love to be dissolved and to bathe myself. Let me be holden by Love, mounting above myself, through excessive fervour and wonder. Let me sing the song of Love, let me follow Thee, my Beloved, on high ; let my soul spend itself in Thy praise, re- joicing through Love. Let me love Thee more than myself, nor love myself but for Thee ; and in Thee all that truly love Thee, as the law of Love commandeth, shining out from Thyself. Love is swift, sincere, kindly-affec- tioned, pleasant and delightsome ; brave, patient, faithful, prudent, long-suffering, manly, and never seeking itself. 1 . For where a person seeketh himself, there he falleth from Love 2 . 1 1 Cor. xiii. 5. 2 1 Cor. x. 8.°,; Phil. ii. 21. I >i OF THE PROVING OF A TRUE LOVER Love is circumspect, humble, and up- right ; not yielding to softness, or to light- ness, nor attending to vain things; it is sober, chaste, firm, quiet, and guarded in all the senses. Love is subject and obedient to its su- periors, to itself mean and despised, unto God devout and thankful, trusting and hoping always in Him, even then when God is not sweet unto it : for without sor- row none liveth in love. He that is not prepared to suffer all things, and to stand to the will of his Beloved, is not worthy to be called a lover 1 . A lover ought to embrace willingly all that is hard and bit- ter, for the sake of his Beloved; nor for things that fall out against one to turn away from Him. CHAPTER VI. OF THE PROVING OF A TRUE LOVER MY son, thou art not yet a valiant and wise lover. Wherefore, O Lord? Because for a slight opposi- tion thou failest from thy undertakings, and too eagerly seekest consolation. A valiant lover standeth firm in temptations, and giveth no credit to the crafty persua- sions of the Enemy. As I please him in 1 Rom. yiii. 35. 132 Ofl Till: PROVING OF A TUTT- LOVER prosperity, so in adversity I displease him not 1 . A wise lover regardeth not so much the gift of Him who loveth, as the love of Him who giveth. He esteemeth affection rather than value, and setteth all gifts be- low the Beloved. A noble-minded lover resteth not in the gift, but in Me above every gift. All is not therefore lost, if sometimes thou hast less feeling for Me or My saints than thou wouldest. That good and sweet affection which thou sometimes feelest, is the effect of grace present, and a sort of foretaste of thy native land of heaven : but hereon thou must not lean too much, for it cometh and goeth. But to strive against evil motions of the mind which befall thee, and to reject 2 with scorn a suggestion of the devil, is a notable sign of virtue, and shall have great reward. Let not strange fancies therefore trou- ble thee, on whatsoever matter they may be, which are forced into thy mind. Brave- ly keep thy purpose, and an upright inten- tion towards God. Neither is it an illusion that sometimes thou art suddenly rapt into ecstacy, and presently returnest again unto the wonted follies of thy heart. For these thou dost rather unwillingly suffer, than commit : and so long as they displease 1 Phil iv. 11-13. 2 S. Matt. iv. 10. 133 OF THE PROVING OF A TRUE LOVER thee, and thou strivest against them, it is a matter of reward, and no loss. Know that the ancient Enemy doth strive by all means to hinder thy desire to good, and to keep thee void of all religious exercises ; particularly from reverence to- wards the saints, from the devout remem- brance of My Passion, from the profitable calling to mind of sins, from the guard of thine own heart, and from the firm pur- pose of advancing in virtue. Many evil thoughts he forceth on thee, that so he may cause in thee a wearisomeness and horror, to call thee back from prayer and holy reading. Humble confession is dis- pleasing unto him ; and if he could, he would cause thee to cease from Holy Communion. Believe him not, nor regard him, al- though he should often set for thee snares of deceit. Charge him with it when he suggesteth evil and unclean thoughts ; say unto him, 'Away thou unclean Spirit 1 ! blush, thou miserable wretch ! most un- clean art thou that bringest such things unto mine ears. Begone from me, thou wicked Seducer ! thou shalt have no part in me: but Jesus shall be with me as a strong Warrior, and thou shalt stand con- founded. I had rather die, and undergo any torment, than consent unto thee. Hold 1 S. Matt. iv. 10; xvi. 23. 134 oi- GRACE CONCEALED BY HUMILITY thy peace and be dumb; I will hear thee no more, though thou shouldest work me many troubles. The Lord is my Light and my Solvation, whom shall I fear 1 / The Lord is my Helper, and my Ke- if whole armies should stand together against me, my heart shall not fear, deemer-.' 2. Fight like a good soldier : and if thou sometimes fall through frailty, take again strength greater than the former, trusting in My more abundant Grace: and take great heed against vain pleasing of thyself, and pride. Through this are many led into error, and sometimes fall into blindness almost incurable. Let this fall of the proud, presuming foolishly of themselves, serve thee for a warning, and keep thee ever humble. CHAPTER VII. OF CONCEALING GRACE UNDER THE GUARD OF HUMILITY MY son, it is more profitable for thee and more safe, to conceal the grace of devotion ; not to lift thy- self on high, nor to speak much thereof, or to dwell much thereon ; but rather to despise thy very self, and to fear this grace, as given to one unworthy of it. 1 Psalm xxvii. 1. : Psalm xix. 15; xxvii. 3. :i 1 Tim. vi. 12. 135 OF GRACE CONCEALED BY HUMILITY This disposition must not be too ear- nestly cleaved unto, for it may be quickly changed to the contrary. Think when thou art in grace, how miserable and needy thou art wont to be without grace. Nor is it in this only that thy progress in spiritual life consisteth, when thou hast the grace of comfort ; but rather when with humility, self-denial, and patience, thou endurest the withdrawing thereof; provided thou do not then become listless in the zeal of prayer, nor suffer the rest of thy accustomed duties to be at all neg- lected. But do thou cheerfully perform what lieth in thee, according to the best of thy power and understanding ; and do not, because of the dryness or anxiety of mind which thou feelest, wholly neglect thyself. For there are many who when things do not well succeed with them, presently be- come impatient or slothful. For the way of man is not always in his power 1 , but it belongeth unto God to give, and to com- fort, when He will, and how much He will, and w T hom He will ; as it shall please Him, and no more. 2. Some unadvised persons, to gain the grace of devotion, have overthrown them- selves ; because they attempted more than they were able to perform, not weighing the measure of their own littleness, but 1 Jer. x. 23; Rom. ix. 16. 136 oF GRACE CONCEALED BY HUMILITY rather following the desire of their heart, than the judgment o\ their reason. And because they presumed on greater matters than was pleasing to God, they therefore quickly lost His grace. They who had set their nests 1 in Heaven were made help- less and vile outcasts ; to the end that being humbled and made poor, they might learn not to fly with their own wings, but to trust under My feathers 2 . They that are yet but novices and inex- perienced in the way of the Lord, unless they govern themselves by the counsel of discreet persons, may easily be deceived and broken to pieces. And if they will rather follow their own feelings than trust to others who are more experienced, their end will be dangerous, at least if they are unwilling to be drawn back from their own fond conceit. It is seldom the case that they who are self-wise endure humbly to be governed by others. Better it is to have a small portion of good sense with humility 3 , and a slender understanding, than great treasures of many sciences with vain self-pleasing. Better it is for thee to have little, than much of that which may make thee proud. 3. He acteth not very discreetly, who wholly giveth himself over to joy, forget- ting his former poverty, and that chasten- 1 Obailiah 5. - Psalm xci. 4. ■ Psalm xvi. 2; xvii. 10. 137 OF GRAC£ CONCEALED BY HUMILITY ed fear of the Lord, which is afraid of losing the grace which hath been offered. Nor again is he very valiantly wise who in time of adversity or any heaviness, beareth himself with too much despondency, and reflecteth and thinketh of Me less con- fidingly than he ought. He who in time of peace is willing to be over secure 1 , shall be often found in time of war too much dejected and full of fears. If thou hadst the wit always to continue humble and moderate within thyself, and also well to restrain and govern thy spirit, thou would- est not so quickly fall into danger and offence. It is good counsel, that when a spirit of fervour is kindled within thee, thou shouldest consider how it will be, when that light shall leave thee. And when this doth happen, then remember that the light may return again ; which as a warning to thyself and for Mine own glory, I have withdrawn for a time 2 . Such a trial is oftentimes more profitable, than if thou shouldest always have things prosper ac- cording to thy will. For a man's deserts are not to be reckoned by this, whether he have many visions and consolations, or be skilled in the Scriptures, or be set in a higher station than others ; but whether he be grounded in true humility, and full of 1 1 Thess. v. 6. - Job vii. 138 OF LOW THOUGHTS 01' OURSELVES divine charity; if he be always purely and sincerely seeking Cod's honor; if he think nothing o\ and unfeignedly despise him- self 1 , and even reoiee more to he despised and put low by others, than to be hon- oured by them. CHAPTER VIII. OF A MEAN CONCEIT OF OURSELVES IN THE SIGHT OF GOD i WILL speak unto my Lord, though I am but dust and ashes 2 . If I esteem myself to be any thing more, behold, Thou stand- est against me, and my iniquities bear true witness, and I cannot contradict it. But if I abase myself, and reduce myself to nothing, and shrink from all self-esteem, and grind myself to (what I am) dust. Thy grace will be favourable to me, and Thy light near unto my heart; and all self-esteem, how little soever, shall be swallowed up in the valley of my nothing- and perish for ever. There Thou shewest Thyself unto me, what I am, what I have been, and whither I am come ; for I am nothing, and I knew it not. If I be left to myself, behold! I am nothing, and altogether weakness ; but if Thou for an instant look upon me, I am 1 Psalm Ixxxiv. 10. - Gen. xviii. 27. 139 OF LOW THOUGHTS OF OURSELVES forthwith made strong, and am filled with new joy. And a great marvel it is, that I am so suddenly lifted up, and so gracious- ly embraced by Thee, who of mine own weight am always sinking to the depths. This is the work of thy love, freely pre- venting me, and relieving me in so many necessities, guarding me also from press- ing dangers, and snatching me (as I may trujy say) from evils out of number. For indeed by loving myself amiss, I lost my- self 1 ; and by seeking Thee alone, and purely loving Thee, I have found both my- self and Thee ; and by that love have more deeply reduced myself to nothing. Be- cause Thou, O sweetest Lord, dealest with me above all desert, and above all that I dare hope for or ask. 2. Blessed be Thou, my God: for al- though I be unworthy of any benefits, yet Thy noble bounty and infinite goodness never ceaseth to do good even to the un- grateful 2 , and to those who are turned away far from Thee. Turn Thou us unto Thee, that we may be thankful, humble, and devout; for Thou art our salvation, our courage, and our strength. X S. John xii. 25. 2 S. Matt. v. 45. 140 0* REFERRING ai.i. THINGS To con CHAPTER IX. THAT ALL THINGS ARE TO BE REFERRED UNTO GOD, AS THEIR LAST END M~ m|Y son, I ought to be thy supreme and ultimate end, if thou truly SSFj desire to be blessed. With this ESSr intention thy affections will be purified, which are too often perversely twisted towards self and towards crea- tures. For if in any thing thou seekest thyself, immediately within thyself thou faintest and driest up. Refer all things therefore unto Me in the first place, for I am He who hath given all. Thus think of every thing as flow- ing from the Highest Good 1 ; and there- fore unto Me as their Spring must all be brought back. 2. From Me, the small and the great, the poor and the rich, draw, as from a liv- ing fountain, the water of life 2 ; and they that willingly and freely serve Me, shall receive grace for grace 3 . But he who de- sireth to glory in things out of Me 4 , or to take pleasure in some private good, shall not be grounded in true joy, nor be en- larged in his heart, but shall many ways be encumbered and straitened. Nothing therefore oughtest thou to 1 Ecclus. i. 5. 2 8. John iv. 14. 3 S. John i. 1G. 4 1 Cor. i. 29. 141 OF THE SWEETNESS OF GOD S SERVICE ascribe to thyself of good, neither do thou attribute virtue unto any man ; but give all unto God, without whom man hath nothing. I have given all 1 ; I will to have all again ; and with great strictness do I re- quire a return of thanks. This is the Truth whereby vain-glory is put to flight. And if heavenly grace enter in, and true charity, there will be no envy nor narrow- ness of heart, neither will self-love have place. For divine charity overcometh all things, and enlargeth all the powers of the soul. If thou rightly judge, thou wilt rejoice in Me alone, in Me alone thou wilt hope; for none is good save God alone 2 , who is above all things to be praised, and in all to be blessed. CHAPTER X. THAT TO DEPISE THE WORLD AND SERVE GOD, IS SWEET NOW I >vill speak again, O Lord, and will not be silent; I will speak in the ears of my God, my Lord, and my King, who is on high. O how great is the multitude of Thy szveetness, O Lord, which Thou hast laid 1 1 Cor. iv. 7. 2 S. Matt. xix. 17; S. Luke xviii. 19. 142 op THE SWEETNESS OF GODS SERVICE up for than that [car Thee 1 . But what art Thou to those who love Thee? what to those who serve Thee with their whole heart? Truly unspeakable is the sweet- ness of contemplating Thee, which Thou bestowest on them that love Thee. In this especially Thou hast shewed me the sweetness of Thy charity: that when I was not, Thou madest me ; when I went far astray from Thee, Thou broughtest me back again, that I might serve Thee, and hast commanded me to love Thee 2 . O Fountain of love unceasing, what shall I say concerning Thee? How can I forget Thee, who hast vouchsafed to re- member me, even after I had wasted away and perished? Thou hast shewed mercy to Thy servant beyond all hope ; and hast exhibited favour and loving-kindness be- yond all desert. What return shall I make to Thee for this grace 3 ? For it is not granted to all to forsake all, to renounce the world, and t undertake the life of solitude. Is it any great thing that I should serve Thee 4 , whom the whole creation is bound to serve It ought not to seem much to me, to serve Thee ; but rather this doth appear much to me, and wonderful, that Thou vouchsafest to receive into Thy service 1 Psalm xxxi. 19. t 2 Gen. i. 27; Psalm cxix. 73; S. Luke sv. 2 Psalm cxvi. 12. £ Judges xvi. 15. 143 OF THE SWEETNESS OF God's SERVICE one so poor and unworthy, and to make him one of Thy beloved servants. Be- hold ! all things are Thine which I have, and whereby I serve Thee 1 . And yet con- trariwise, Thou rather servest me than I Thee. Behold ! heaven and earth, which Thou hast created for the service of man, are ready at hand, and do daily perform whatever Thou hast commanded. And this is too little; nay, even angels hast Thou appointed to minister to man 2 . But that which excelleth all this is, that Thou Thyself hast vouchsafed to serve man, and hast promised that Thou wouldest give Thyself unto him. What shall I give Thee for all these thousands of benefits? I would I could serve Thee all the days of my life. I would I were able, at least for one day, to do Thee some worthy service. Truly Thou art worthy of all service, of all hon- our, and everlasting praise. Truly Trou art my Lord, and I Thy poor servant, who am bound to serve Thee with all my might, neither ought I ever to be disdain- ful of Thy praises. And this I wish to do, this I desire ; and whatsoever is want- ing unto me, do Thou vouchsafe to supply. 2. It is a great honour, and a great glory, to serve Thee, and despise all things for Thee. For they shall have great grace, x l Cor. iv. 7. 2 Psalm xci. 11; Heb. i. 14. 144 OF THE RULING DESIRES Otf OUR HEARTS who shall have willingly subjected them- selves to Thy most holy service. They shall find the sweetest consolation of the Holy Ghost 1 , who for Thy love have re- nounced all carnal delight. They shall attain great freedom of mind, who for Thy Name's sake enter into the narrow r way 2 , and have left off all worldly care. O sweet and delightful service of God 3 , by which a man is made truly free and holy ! O sacred state of religions servi- tude, which maketh a man equal to the Angels, pleasing to God, terrible to devils, and worthy to be commended of all the faithful ! O service worthy to be em- braced and ever desired, in which the Greatest Good is offered ; and joy is won, which shall endlessly remain ! CHAPTER XL THAT THE LONGINGS OF OUR HEARTS ARE TO BE EXAMINED AND RULED MY son, it is needful for thee still to learn many things more, which thou hast not even yet well learned. What are these, O Lord? That thou set thy longing 4 wholly ac- cording to My good pleasure ; and that 1 S. Matt. xix. 29. 2 S. Matt* V II. 14. " S. Matt. xi. 30; 1 John v. 3. * Psalm cviii. 1; S. Matt. vi. 10. 145 OF THE RULING DESIRES OF OUR HEARTS thou be not a lover of thyself, but an ear- nest follower of My will. Various longings oftentimes inflame thee, and drive thee forwards with vehe- mence ; but consider whether thou be moved for My honour, or rather for thine own advantage. If I myself be the cause, thou wilt be well content with whatsoever I shall ordain ; but if there lurk in thee any self-seeking 1 , behold, this it is that hinder- eth thee and weigheth thee down. Be- ware therefore thou lean not too much upon preconceived desire, without asking my counsel, lest perhaps afterwards it re- pent thee, or thou be displeased with that which at first pleased thee, and for which thou wast earnestly zealous, thinking it the best. For not every affection which seemeth good is immediately to be fol- lowed; nor again is every contrary affec- tion at the first to be avoided. 2. It is sometimes expedient to use a curb, even in good endeavours and long- ings, lest through importunity thou incur distraction of mind ; lest by thy want of self-government thou beget a scandal unto others ; or again, being thwarted by oth- ers, thou become suddenly confounded, and fall. Sometimes however thou must use violence 2 , and resist manfully thy sen- sual appetite, nor regard what the flesh 1 Phil, ii, 21. 2 Phil. ii. 12. 146 OF STRUGGLING AGAINST CONCUPISCENCE would, or would not 1 ; but rather for this taking pains, that even perforce it may be made subject to the Spirit-. And so long ought it to be chastised and to be forced to remain under servitude, until it be pre- pared for all things and learn to be content with a little, and to be pleased with simple things, nor to murmur against aught that suiteth it not. CHAPTER XII. OF THE GROWTH OF PATIENCE IN THE SOUL, AND OF THE STRUGGLE AGAINST CONCUPISCENCE OLORD my God, patience is very . necessary for me 3 , as I plainly see, for many things in this life do happen contrary unto us. For whatever plans I shall devise for my own peace, my life cannot be without war and pain 4 . It is so, My son. But My will is, that thou seek not that peace which is void of temptations, or which feeleth nothing con- trary ; but rather think that thou hast then found peace, when thou art exercised with sundry tribulations 5 , and tried in many crosses. If thou say, that thou art not able to suffer many things, how wilt thou endure 1 Rom. viii. 1-13; 2 Cor. iv. '10; x. 3. =1 Cor. i\. 27. Hob. x. 30. 4 Job vii. 1. 5 James i. 2. 147 OF STRUGGLING AGAINST CONCUPISCENCE hereafter the fire of hereafter? Of two evils the less is always to be chosen. That thou mayest therefore avoid the future everlasting punishment, endeavour to en- dure present evils with an even mind for God's sake. Dost thou think that the men of this world suffer nothing, or but a little ? Not so shalt thou find it even if thou ask of those who enjoy the greatest delights. But thou wilt say, they have many de- lights, and follow their own wills, and therefore they do not much weigh their own afflictions. Be it so, that they do have whatsoever they will; but how long dost thou think it will last? Behold, even as the smoke they shall vanish that pros- per in the world 1 , and there shall be no memory of their past joys ! Yea, even while they are yet alive, they do not rest in them without bitterness, and weariness, and fear. For from the self-same thing in which they imagine their delight to be, oftentimes they receive the penalty of sor- row. Justly are they dealt with, that be- cause inordinately they seek and follow after delights, they enjoy them not with- out shame and bitterness. O how brief, how false, how inordinate and filthy, are all those pleasures. Yet so drunken and blind are men that thev understand it not ; 1 Psalm Ixviii. 2. 148 OF STRUGGLING AGAINST CONCUPISCENCE but like dumb boasts, for the poor enjoy- ment oi this corruptible life, they incur the death i^i the soul. 2. Thou therefore. My son, go not after thy lusts, but from thine own will refrain thyself 1 . Delight in the Lord, and He shall give thee the requests of thine heart' 2 . For if thou desire true delight, and to be of the more plentifully comforted ; behold, in the contempt of all worldly things, and in the cutting off all base delights, shall be thy blessing, and abundant consolation shall be rendered to thee. And the more thou withdrawest thyself from all solace of creatures, so much the sweeter and more powerful consolations shalt thou find in Me. But at the first, thou shalt not without some sadness, and the toil of conflict, at- tain unto these. In thy way shall stand inbred habit, but by better habit shall it be entirely overcome. The flesh will mur- mur against thee ; but with fervency of spirit shalt it be bridled. The Old Serpent shall sting and irritate thee, but by prayer he shall be put to flight ; moreover also, by useful labour shall his great approach be barred against him. 1 Ecclus. xviii. 30. 2 Psalm xxxvii. 4. 149 OF HUMBLE OBEDIENCE CHAPTER XIII. OF THE OBEDIENCE OF ONE IN HUMBLE SUBJEC- TION, AFTER THE EXAMPLE OF JESUS CHRIST son, he that endeavoureth to withdraw himself from obedi- ence, withdraweth himself from grace ; and he who seeketh for himself private benefits 1 , loseth those which are common. He that doth not cheerfully and freely submit himself to his superior, it is a sign that his flesh is not as yet perfectly obedi- ent unto him, but oftentimes kicketh and murmureth against him. Learn thou therefore quickly to submit thyself to thy superior, if thou desire to keep thine own flesh under the yoke. For more speedily is the outward enemy overcome, if the in- ward man be not laid waste. There is no worse nor more troublesome enemy to the soul than thou art unto thyself, if thou be not well in harmony with the Spirit. It is altogether necessary that thou take up a true contempt for thyself, if thou desire to prevail against flesh and blood. Be- cause as yet thou lovest thyself too inordi- nately, therefore thou art afraid to resign thyself wholly to the will of others. 2. And yet, what great matter is it, if thou, who art but dust and nothing, sub- 1 S. Matt. xvi. 24. 150 OF ur.Miu.i-: OBEDIENCE ject thyself to a man for God's sake, when 1, the Almighty and the Most Highest, who created all things o\ nothing, humbly subjected Myself to man for thy sake? [ became oi all men the most humble and the most abject 1 , that thou mightest over- come thy pride with My humility. O dust ! learn to be obedient. Learn to hum- ble thyself, thou earth and clay, and to bow thyself down under the feet of all men. Learn to break thine own wishes, and to yield thyself to all subjection. Be fiercely hot against thyself, and suffer no swelling of pride to dwell in thee : but shew thyself so humble and so very small, that all may be able to walk over thee, and to tread thee down as the mire of the streets 2 . \\ nat hast thou, O vain man, to com- plain of? What canst thou answer, foul sinner, to them that upbraid thee, thou who hast so often offended God, and so many times deserved hell ? But Mine eye spared thee, because thy soul was precious in My sight; that thou mightest know My love, and ever be thankful for My bene- fits ; also that thou mightest continually give thyself to true subjection and humil- ity, and endure patiently the contempt which belongeth to thee. 1 S. Luke ii: 7; S. John xiii. U. 2 Isaiah li. 2