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Lexington and Concord 
 
 Its Literary and 
 Historic Shrines 
 
 Price 50 Cents 
 
 Published Exclusively for 
 
 The Colonial Gray Line Sight-Seeing Tours 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Jackson & Prentiss, Inc., Printers 
 
 Lynn, Mass. 
 
 1921 
 
J- 74- 
 .Lk7C7 
 
 22 192 
 
 C1A623316 
 
A PILGRIMAGE 
 
 TO 
 
 Lexington and Concord 
 
 OUR Historic Pilgrimage to Lexington and Concord 
 begins at Park Square, near the identical spot 
 from which the British troops embarked in boats, 
 rowed across the Charles river to the Cambridge side, 
 and started on their expedition to Lexington and Con- 
 cord, on the 18th of April, in the year 1775. 
 
 On the right is the Boston Public Garden, a tract 
 of land comprising 24*4 acres, set aside by an act of 
 the Legislature in 1859. It has been kept under a 
 perfect state of cultivation and is a wonderful example 
 of horticultural development. In the centre of the 
 garden is an artificial pond and spanning the pond is 
 the famous "Bridge of Size." 
 
 In the garden are many pieces of statuary. On 
 the right is the statue of Wendell Phillips, the great 
 abolitionist, designed by French. Next on the right is 
 that of Col. Thomas Cass, the work of Richard Brooks, 
 Col. Cass commanded the Ninth Massachusetts In- 
 fantry, and fell at Malvern Hill, Va., in 1862. The 
 
next statue is that of Charles Sumner, the famous Civil 
 War Senator. This statue was designed by Thomas 
 Ball in 1878. 
 
 Ahead on the right is the Arlington Street Uni- 
 tarian Church, the first church to be erected in this 
 part of the city (1860-1861). The steeple was the 
 first in the city to be constructed entirely of stone. In 
 the tower is a fine set of 16 bells, played by electrial 
 power. The church was presided over for many years 
 by Rev. William Ellery Channing, the celebrated Uni- 
 tarian divine. 
 
 We are now on Boylston street, which was named 
 in honor of Dr. Zabdiel Boylston, the eminent physi- 
 cian, who first introduced inoculation as a preventative 
 for smallpox. This street was originally called "Frog 
 Lane." Today it is the fashionable shoping district of 
 the city. 
 
 On the left hand corner is the Berkeley building, 
 known as the daylight building, on account of the 
 numerous windows. 
 
 The first of the next three buildings on the right 
 is occupied by the Boston Society of Natural History, 
 and here will be found mounted specimens of animals 
 and birds. Next is the building occupied by the. 
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology as their school 
 of architecture, and the next building (which also was 
 formerly occupied by Technology) is now occupied 
 by Boston University School of Business Administra- 
 tion. This university is fast becoming one of the lead- 
 ing colleges of the east. 
 
 We now enter Copley square, which was named 
 in honor of John Singleton Copley, the famous artist, 
 
many of whose paintings, especially those of early 
 presidents, will be found in the Boston Museum of 
 Fine Arts. 
 
 On the left is Trinity church, the crowning glory 
 of ecclesiastical architecture in New England. It is 
 the masterpiece of H. H.Richardson, the famous archi- 
 tect, and was completed in 1877. With a massive 
 tower 211 feet in height, the church is of the French 
 Romanesque style of architecture. The interior dec- 
 orations are said to be unsurpassed by those of any 
 other church in America. This church was presided 
 over for 20 years by the famous and beloved 
 preacher, Bishop Phillips Brock?. Beside the 
 
 church is the statue of Bishop Fl.illips Brooks, by 
 the late Augustus St. Gaudens, and the canopy was 
 designed by Charles McKim, senior partner of the firm 
 of McKim, Mead & White. Both are posthumous 
 works, but the designs were practically completed 
 before the deaths of thu sculptor and the architect. 
 The memorial was unveiled on Jan. 22, 1910. 
 
 To the left of the church is the Hotel Westminster, 
 the only hotel in the city maintaining a roof garden 
 during the summer months. When the hotel was 
 erected it was built six feet higher than the building 
 laws permitted. The top story was removed, and 
 you will notice that the windows are on a level with 
 the roof. 
 
 On the right the Irving Casson building stands on 
 the site of the old Second church of Boston, in which 
 Ralph Waldo Emerson preached for three years. The 
 new edifice is now located corner of Beacon street and 
 Audubon road. 
 
On the far right hand corner is the Old South 
 church, the present home of the society which formerly 
 occupied "Ye Old South Meeting House" on Washing- 
 ton street. This is the leading Congregational church 
 of New England. The edifice is one of the finest speci- 
 mens of the North Italian Gothic style. Its grand 
 rower is 248 feet high and constructed mainly of the 
 local Roxbury stone. The church was opened in the 
 year 1875. This is the third church of Boston. 
 
 On the left is the Copley Plaza hotel, one of the 
 leading hotels of the city, and it stands on the site of 
 the old Boston Art Museum. 
 
 Facing the square on the right is the Boston Public 
 Library, built of Milford granite and erected at a cost 
 of about $2,500,000 (including the cost of the site) . 
 It was completed in the year 1895. It is one of the 
 largest free circulating libraries in the United States, 
 and has about 1,000,000 volumes and 11 special 
 library collections. Besides the central library, it 
 maintains 30 branch libraries in various parts of the 
 city. In the building will be found the famous 
 paintings of the "Holy Grail," by the late Edwin 
 Abbey; also the freize of the Prophets, by John Sar- 
 gent, mural decorations by Puvis de Chavannes, and 
 the 'Triumph of Time," by John Elliott. The two 
 statues in front of the building represent "Science" 
 and "Art," by the late Bela Pratt. The building was 
 designed by McKim, Mead & White, of New York 
 city. The late Stanford White was a member of the 
 firm. 
 
 We are now on Huntington avenue, passing on 
 the left Hotel Oxford and on the right Copley Square 
 Hotel. 
 
INTERIOR OF LIBRARY 
 
Looking down Exeter street, on the right, will be 
 seen the club house of the Boston Athletic Association. 
 In front of that building, on April 19 every year, is the 
 finish of the great Marathon race from Ashland, Mass., 
 to Boston, a distance of 25 miles. 
 
 Across the street is Hotel Lenox, and on the right 
 are the tracks and freight yards of the Boston & 
 Albany Railroad, one of the New York Central lines. 
 
 On the right is Mechanics' building, often called 
 the Madison Square Garden of Boston. This is the 
 exposition building of Boston. Here are held the 
 automobile shows and all the leading sporting events. 
 It is controlled by the Massachusetts Charitable Asso- 
 ciation, and Paul Revere was its first president in the 
 year 1806. In the archway above the door will be 
 seen a bust of Paul Revere. 
 
 On the left will be seen the club house for the 
 boys who served in the World War with the 26th 
 division, better known as the "Yankee Division." 
 
 Next on the right is the Christian Science church, 
 oetter known as the First Church of Christ, Scientist. 
 The small church at the extreme right is the original 
 mother church, completed in December, 1894, and 
 was formerly presided over by the late Mary Baker G. 
 Eddy, the founder of Christian Science. The building 
 in the centre is the addition, erected at a cost of 
 $2,000,000, and is of Italian Renaissance style of 
 architecture. It has a vast auditorium, with a seating 
 capacity of over 5000. It was opened in June, 1906. 
 The top of the dome stands three feet higher than 
 Bunker Hill monument, being 224 feet above the side- 
 walk. The church has a beautiful set of Chinese 
 
 8 
 
chimes. The building on the left is the publishing 
 house, where they publish the works of Mrs. Mary 
 Baker Eddy and the Christian Science Monitor, 
 a daily newspaper. The land on the right was pur- 
 chased a few years ago and made into a beautiful 
 
 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE CHURCH 
 
 sunken garden, so that the view of the church from 
 Huntington avenue would not be obstructed. 
 
 On the next right hand corner is Horticultural 
 hall, where the flower and fruit shows are held. 
 
 We now cross Massachusetts avenue, which 
 
 9 
 
extends from Edward Everett square, Dorchester, to 
 Concord, Mass., a distance of about 22 miles. This 
 avenue is sometimes called the Road to Knowledge, 
 because it leads directly to Harvard university. 
 
 On the right is Symphony hall, the home of the 
 famous Boston Symphony Orchestra, one of the lead- 
 ing musical organizations in the United States. The 
 building has a seating capacity of about 2600. 
 
 The gray stone and brick building on the left is 
 ihe New England Conservatory of Music, founded in 
 1870, by Dr. Eben Tourjee, who, in 1853, introduced 
 into America the conservatory system of musical in- 
 struction. Today this is the leading music school of 
 America. In the building is a large auditorium 
 named Jordan Hall, in honor of the late Eben D. Jor- 
 dan, who was a great lover of music. He presented 
 this institution with a beautiful pipe organ which is 
 one of the largest in America. The enrollment of the 
 conservatory is about 3000. 
 
 The next building on the right is the oldest Y. 
 M. C. A. in America, founded in 1851. The corner- 
 stone of the present building was laid by President 
 Taft in 1911. It was constructed at a cost of about 
 $1,500,000, including the value of the land, and was 
 completed in 1913. 
 
 On the right is the Boston Opera House, the home 
 of grand opera in Boston, opened to the public in 1908, 
 under the management of Henry Russell. 
 
 The open lot on the left was formerly the Ameri- 
 can League ball grounds. The new ball park is now 
 located in the Fenway. 
 
 10 
 
On the left hand corner ahead are Tufts Medical 
 and Dental Schools. The main buildings of Tufts 
 college are at Medford, Mass. 
 
 On your right, the white marble building is the 
 Forsyth Dental Infirmary, the first dental infirmary 
 of its kind in the world, erected by Thomas Alexander 
 Forsyth and John Hamilton Forsyth in memory of their 
 brothers, James Bennett Forsyth and George Henry 
 Forsyth. Children of Greater Boston up to the age of 
 16 years are accepted for treatment in dentistry, nose, 
 throat and oral surgery from any private family finan- 
 cially unable to secure the services of private prac- 
 tioners. 
 
 On the right is the Museum of Fine Arts, founded 
 in 1870. This building was opened in 1909, at a cost 
 of about $1,500,000. It has the second finest collec- 
 tion of painting and statuary in America, exceeded 
 only by the Metropolitan Museum in New York city. 
 In the front of the building is Cyrus E. Dallin's sym- 
 bolic bronze statue, "The Appeal to the Great 
 Spirit." 
 
 On the left is the Wentworth Institute, founded in 
 1904, by the will of the late Arioch Wentworth, "for 
 the purpose of furnishing education in mechanical 
 arts." It is the only industrial institution of its kind 
 in the United States designed to train young men in 
 the skilled arts. 
 
 We now enter the Fenway, a part of the park 
 system of Boston. It consists of about 120 acres of 
 land, ponds, streams and driveways, laid out in the 
 most artistic manner. 
 
 11 
 
Mrs. Jack Gardner's Venetian Palace, on the left, 
 contains a rich collection of works of art hardly ex- 
 celled by that in any private home in America. The 
 museum is open to the public one week a year. 
 
 On the left, Simmons College, established by the 
 
 GARDNER MUSEUM OF ART 
 
 will of John Simmons, a Boston merchant, to furnish 
 instruction in such branches of art, science and indus- 
 try as will best enable women to earn an independent 
 livelihood. 
 
 The group of buildings down the avenue, to the 
 
 12 
 
left, is the Harvard Medical school, founded in 1782. 
 These buildings were erected in 1906, at a cost of 
 about $3,000,000. It is the oest equipped medical 
 school in the country. 
 
 On your left the building with the dome is the 
 Children's Hospital, erected in 1914. 
 
 The building now on our immediate left is the 
 Notre Dame academy, a Catholic institution for the 
 education of young ladies. The course of instruction 
 is equivalent to that of the high schools and academies 
 of the city. 
 
 We now enter the town of Brookline, with a popu- 
 lation of about 38,000. It is the wealthiest town in 
 the world. 
 
 Entering Kent street, the third house on the left 
 was the former home of the late B. F. Keith, who 
 organized the Keith circuit throughout the United 
 States, and was the owner of Keith's Theatre, Boston. 
 
 We pass through Brookline and over the Charles 
 river by way of the Cottage Farm bridge, and 
 enter the city of Cambridge, known as the University 
 City. Cambridge was founded Dec. 28, 1630. It was 
 then called "New Towne," and was incorporated 
 under that name in 1633. In 1638 the name was 
 changed from New Towne to Cambridge. The popu- 
 lation is about 116,000. 
 
 "Know old Cambridge? Hope you do. 
 Born there? Don't say so! I was, too. 
 The nicest place that ever was seen, 
 Colleges red and common green; 
 Sidewalks brownish with trees between." 
 
 — Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
 
 13 
 
To your right, in the distance, is a beautiful view 
 of Beacon Hill, crowned with the golden dome of the 
 State Capitol. Near by is the Custom House tower, 
 498 feet high, the tallest landmark in New Eng- 
 land. The bridge in the distance is the Harvard. It 
 spans the widest point of the Charles. At that point 
 the river is about one-half a mile wide. Here the Har- 
 vard crews practice for their races. 
 
 We are now on the Cambridge parkway. Across 
 the river is the "Youth's Companion" building, where 
 they publish the popular boys' weekly story paper. 
 
 On the left is the State Armory for Mounted 
 Troops, erected in 1915, at a cost of about $1,000,000. 
 
 Next is Brave's Field, opened in 1915, the home 
 of the Boston National League ball team. It is 
 the only ball field in the United States in which street 
 cars enter the grounds. It has a seating capacity of 
 about 47,000, and it was there that the world's series 
 were played in 1915. 
 
 To your right is the Riverside Press, under the 
 management of Houghton, Mifflin Co. Here they pub- 
 lished the works of Longfellow, Holmes, Lowell, Whit- 
 tier, Hawthorne, Emerson and others. 
 
 The concrete structure beyond the river, to the 
 left, is the Harvard Stadium, built in the form of a 
 horseshoe and having a seating capacity of 26,000. 
 When Yale plays football here a temporary stand is 
 erected at the unfinished end, and the seating capacity 
 is increased to about 45,000. The track contests are 
 held here, also class day exercises. The cost of the 
 Stadium was $350,000. 
 
 14 
 
The bridge spanning the river at this point is the 
 Larz Anderson bridge, presented by the Brookline 
 millionaire. 
 
 On the left is the Weld Boat Club for the junior 
 class of Harvard. 
 
 Two buildings on the left, as we turn, are the 
 freshman dormitories of Harvard, Gore and Standish 
 Halls. 
 
 In a few moments we will pass the buildings and 
 grounds of Harvard University, the oldest and most 
 influential college in America, founded in 1636. It 
 was named in honor of John Harvard, the young min- 
 ister, who died a year later, 1637, and he left to the 
 infant university his entire library of some 260 vol- 
 umes and half of his estate, which consisted in all of 
 about £500. The college today has an enrollment of 
 about 5000 students and a working capital of over 
 $30,000,000. 
 
 The gate on the left was presented by the class 
 of 1880. It is called the Roosevelt gate, as Col. Roose- 
 velt was a member of that class. 
 
 On the right is Beck Hall, an aristocratic dor- 
 mitory. The next building is the Harvard Union, a 
 social club, which any student who attends Harvard 
 may join. 
 
 The Colonial house on the left is the home of Prof. 
 George Palmer, head of the philosophy department. 
 His wife, the late Alice Freeman Palmer, was at one 
 time president of Wellesley College. 
 
 Through the opening on the left is the Widener 
 Memorial Library, built of brick and sandstone, in the 
 Georgian style of architecture, at a cost of $2,000,000, 
 
 15 
 
and dedicated June 24, 1915. It was presented to the 
 university by Mrs. George D. Widener, of Philadelphia, 
 as a memorial to her son, Harry Elkins Widener, who 
 was lost at sea on the steamship Titanic, April 14, 1912. 
 
 The brick residence on the left is the home of 
 Abbot Lawrence Lowell, president of Harvard Uni- 
 versity. The next building is Emerson Hall, the school 
 of philosophy, named in honor of Ralph Waldo Emer- 
 son. The building facing you is Sever Hall, the 
 largest recitation room. On the corner is Robinson 
 Hall, the school of architecture. 
 
 Memorial Hall, on the right, was erected to com- 
 memorate the Harvard students who fell during the 
 Civil War. In one end of the building is Sanders 
 Theatre, in which the commencement exercises are 
 held. In the other end is a large dining hall, where 
 over 1400 students dine at one time. Above the main 
 door may be seen the finest stained glass window in 
 America, designed by Sarah Whitman, of Philadel- 
 phia, and it is called the rose and violet window. 
 
 The John Harvard statue, on the right, was de- 
 signed by Daniel Chester French, and was the gift of 
 Samuel J. Bridge. 
 
 On the left is the William Hayes Fogg Art Mu- 
 seum, erected in 1895, the gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Fogg. 
 
 In the yard is Appleton Chapel, erected in 1858, 
 the gift of Samuel Appleton. 
 
 Thayer Hall, on the left, is a dormitory given to 
 the college in 1870 by Nathaniel Thayer. 
 
 The gate on the left was presented by the late 
 George von L. Meyer, former Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 16 
 
To the right is the School of Business Administra- 
 tion. 
 
 The next building is Hemenway Gymnasium, 
 given by Augustus Hemenway in 1878. 
 
 The Phillips Brooks house, on the left, is the centre 
 of the religious life of the university. 
 
 MEMORIAL HALL, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
 
 To the right is Austin Hall, one of the law school 
 buildings. The Harvard Law School has not only a 
 national but an international reputation, and it has 
 been described by an eminent jurist as superior to any 
 other school of the kind in the world. 
 
 17 
 
Half down the walk, on the right, is a tablet which 
 marks the site of the birthplace of Oliver Wendell 
 
 Holmes. 
 
 To the left is Stoughton Hall, a dormitory, re- 
 modelled in 1805. 
 
 Next is Holden Chapel, the gift of Madame Hol- 
 den, of London, and once the college chapel, now used 
 for lectures. 
 
 Just beyond the chapel is Hollis Hall, also a dor- 
 mitory, which dates back to 1763, and was the gift of 
 Thomas Hollis, of London. 
 
 On the left is the Johnston gate, and on either 
 
 side of the gate are Harvard and Massachusetts Halls. 
 These buildings were used during the Revolutionary 
 period for barracks. Massachusetts Hall is the oldest 
 of the college buildings, erected in 1720. 
 
 We are now at Harvard square. In the early days 
 it was the camping ground of the Continental army. 
 
 The statue on the right is that of Charles Sumner, 
 the famous abolitionist. It was designed by the late 
 Anne Whitney. 
 
 The cemetery is called the old "New Towne" 
 burial ground, and was referred to by Longfellow as 
 God's Acre." In this cemetery are the graves of eight 
 Harvard presidents. 
 
 On the corner is the old mile stone, showing the 
 distance to Boston to be eight miles in 1734. 
 
 The common on the right was the first training 
 field of the Revolution. The three cannon at the base 
 of the Civil War monument were captured at Fort 
 Ticonderoga by Col. Ethan Allen, and were used in 
 the evacuation of Boston, at Dorchester Heights, by 
 Gen. Washington. 
 
 18 
 
WASHINGTON ELM, CAMBRIDGE 
 
 19 
 
Opposite the common, on the left, is Christ church, 
 the oldest in Cambridge, built in 1760, and occupied by 
 the Continental troops in 1775. The organ pipes in 
 this church were melted into bullets and used by the 
 Continental troops. In this church George and Mar- 
 tha Washington worshipped, Dec. 31, 1775. 
 
 The tree surrounded by the iron fence, in the 
 centre of the roadway, is the "Washington Elm," under 
 which George Washington first took command of the 
 American army, July 3, 1775. 
 
 Radcliffe College, on the left, is for the higher edu- 
 cation of young ladies. Though a distinctly separate 
 institution from Harvard University, it is very closely 
 associated with it. The president is LeBaron Russell 
 Briggs. 
 
 The street on the left leads to Brattle street, in 
 the early days called "Tory Row." It is the most 
 aristocratic street in Cambridge. On the left is the 
 former home of the late John Fiske, America's great 
 historian; on the right Cambridge Episcopal Theo- 
 logical Seminary and St. John's Chapel. The trees 
 beside the chapel, on the right, were referred to by 
 Longfellow in a poem, "As the trees that shade thy 
 western windows, oh chapel of St. John." 
 
 The second Colonial mansion on the right is the 
 "Craigie House." For 40 years it was the home of 
 the poet Longfellow, and here he wrote most of his 
 works. Today it is occupied by his daughter, Miss 
 Alice Longfellow. It was erected in 1759 by Col. 
 John Vassal, a Tory, who fled at the beginning of the 
 Revolution. The house was taken over by Washing- 
 ton and made his headquarters during a part of his 
 
 20 
 
stay in Cambridge. It was purchased by Andrew 
 Craigie in 1793. It was used as a boarding house by 
 Mrs. Craigie, who had as her guests many distin- 
 guished men, among whom were Longfellow, Worces- 
 ter of dictionary fame, Jared Sparks and others. The 
 lower right hand room was the study of Mr. Long- 
 
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 1 14 II II 1 1 
 
 LONGFELLOW HOUSE, CAMBRIDGE 
 
 fellow, and here he wrote most of his poems. The 
 house is opened to the public Saturday afternoons, 
 from 2 to 4. 
 
 The first of the next two houses on the right was 
 the home of another of the poet's daughters, Edith, 
 who married Richard Henry Dana, Jr., son of the 
 
 21 
 
famous author who wrote "Two Years Before the 
 Mast." Mrs. Dana passed away a few years ago. 
 The adjoining estate is the home of Allegra Longfel- 
 low, now the wife of Mr. Henry Thorpe, a banker. 
 These daughters were referred to by Longfellow ir: 
 his poem , "The Children's Hour" — "grave Alice, 
 laughing Allegra and Edith with golden hair." 
 
 At the junction of Elmwood avenue and Mt. 
 Auburn street is "Elmwood," the birthplace and 
 home of James Russell Lowell. The house was built 
 in 1767 and occupied by Lieutenant Governor Oliver, 
 Councillor to the Crown, and later by Elbridge Gerry, 
 who was Vice President of the United States in 1812. 
 Here the poet Lowell wrote nearly all his poems 
 and his famous works, "The Bigelow Papers." 
 
 Just beyond the Lowell Memorial park is Mt. Au- 
 burn cemetery, where rest the remains of many per- 
 sons distinguished in Literature, Science, Art and Re- 
 ligion. Among the names inscribed upon the monu- 
 ments are those of Longfellow, Holmes, Lowell, Rufus 
 Choate, Edwin Booth, Phillips Brooks, William Ellery 
 Channing, John Fiske, Margaret Fuller, Charlotte 
 Cushman and Mary Baker G. Eddy, the founder of the 
 Christian Science church. 
 
 The statue on the common, to the right, is that of 
 Col. John Bridge, the founder of the first Cambridge 
 public school. 
 
 Passing through Porter square, on the left, is the 
 site of the old Porter Tavern, where the famous Por- 
 terhouse steak originated. 
 
 The tablet against the fence, on the left, marks 
 
 22 
 
the spot where four American citizens were killed by 
 the retreating British, April 19, 1775. 
 
 We now pass through North Cambridge and cross 
 Alewife brook and enter Arlington, which in olden 
 times was known as Menotomy. This town contrib- 
 uted largely in men and money toward the cause of the 
 
 
 
 "ELM WOOD," HOME OF JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL 
 
 Revolution. It has a population of about 27,000, and 
 was once famous for its market gardens. 
 
 The tablet ahead, on the right marks the site of 
 the Black Horse Tavern, where the Committee of 
 Safety met in 1775. Reaching Arlington Centre we 
 pass the granite monument, on the right, erected in 
 
 23 
 
memory of the men of Arlington who lost their lives 
 in the Civil War. 
 
 The building on the right is the old Cooper 
 Tavern, beside which Jabez Wyman and Jason Win- 
 ship were killed by British soldiers, April 19, 1775. 
 
 The road entering the square, on the right, is the 
 original one over which Paul Revere returned to the 
 county road, after passing through Charlestown, Som- 
 erville and Medford. From here we follow the route 
 taken by Paul Revere. 
 
 On the left is the third church of the First Parish 
 of Arlington, organized in 1733. 
 
 The tablet in front of the church marks the spot 
 where the old men of Menotomy captured a convoy of 
 18 British soldiers with supplies intended for the Brit- 
 ish at Lexington. 
 
 Close by is the Robbins Memorial Library and the 
 new Town Hall, given by the Robbins heirs. 
 
 The bronze statue represents the "Indian Hunter." 
 It is the work of Cyrus Dallin, who resides in this town. 
 
 The tablet on the sidewalk, to the left, marks the 
 site of the house of Jason Russell, where he and 11 
 ether Americans were captured, disarmed and killed 
 by the retreating British, April 19, 1775. 
 
 On the right is the Arlington High School, which 
 stands in the geographical centre of the town. 
 
 At the bend in the road, on the right, is the house 
 occupied by Francis Locke, who was aroused by Paul 
 Revere, April 18, 1775. 
 
 The next point of interest is the "Foot of the 
 Rocks." The tablet on the boulder is in memory of 
 Henry Wellington, who was a commissioned officer 
 in the War of 1812. 
 
 24 
 
We now reach Arlington Heights and soon will 
 cross the boundary line of Arlington and Lexington. 
 
 Lexington was settled in 1640 and was formerly 
 a parish of Cambridge, known as Cambridge Farms, 
 incorporated in 1713, and has today a population of 
 about 6000. 
 
 Next is the old East Lexington Burying Ground, 
 dating back to 1695. 
 
 The small tablet in the square, to the left, marks 
 the spot where Benjamin Wellington, a Lexington 
 Minute Man, was captured and disarmed by the Brit- 
 ish soldiers in the early morning of April 19, 1775. 
 
 The frame building with the columns, on the right, 
 was once Emerson Hall. Here Ralph Waldo Emerson 
 and Dr. Follen preached, before the construction of the 
 Follen Unitarian church, which is just beyond. 
 
 The house on the lawn, to the right, was the home 
 of Jonathan Harrington, the last survivor of the battle 
 of Lexington, born here in 1756, and died in 1854, at 
 the age of 98. He was the youngest of the American 
 patriots at the battle of Lexington and was at Lafay- 
 ette's reception in 1824. 
 
 The large elm tree ahead, on the right, was 
 planted by the father of the last survivor of the battle 
 of Lexington, in 1732. It was planted the same year 
 that George Washington was born. 
 
 The house on the left, known as the Munroe 
 Tavern, was built in 1695, and was used as headquar- 
 ters and hospital by Earl Percy on April 19, 1775. 
 Washington was entertained here Nov. 15, 1789, on 
 his last New England tour. 
 
 Beside the roadway, on the left, a small tablet 
 under the tree marks the spot where Earl Percy burned 
 
 25 
 
several buildings, and on the hill to the south he 
 ?ilanted one of his field pieces, commanding the ap- 
 proaches to the village. Earl Percy was sent out from 
 Boston by Gen. Gage with reinforcements, numbering 
 about 1000, to cover the retreat of Major Pitcairn from 
 Concord bridge. He met the retreating British on 
 these hills, known as the hills of East Lexington, and 
 here the British made their first successful stand of 
 the day. It has been admitted by the British that if 
 they had not been reinforced here, none of them would 
 have reached Boston alive. As it was, the British loss 
 during the day was 65 killed, 176 wounded and 27 
 missing; while the American loss was 49 killed, 36 
 wounded and five missing. 
 
 The stone cannon on the lawn of the Lexington 
 High School, on the right, marks the location of 
 another of Earl Percy's field pieces. Several shots were 
 fired from this cannon, one of them penetrating the 
 meeting house on Lexington Green. 
 
 The red brick building ahead, on the right, is the 
 Town Hall of Lexington, where Henry Sandham's fa- 
 mous painting of the battle, entitled "The Dawn of 
 Liberty," is on exhibition. 
 
 We now approach the Village Green, where the j 
 battle of Lexington occurred. Paul Revere, on the 
 night of his famous ride, took the first road on the 
 right, to the Hancock-Clarke house, where Samuel 
 Adams and John Hancock were sleeping that night. 
 A price had been set on the heads of these "arch- 
 rebels," who, in fear of being captured by Gen. Gage 
 if they returned to Boston, were secretly stopping at 
 the parsonage of the Lexington minister, Jonas Clark, 
 
 26 
 
after the adjourning of the First Provincial Congress 
 in Concord. Arousing Hancock and Adams, Revere 
 returned to the Village Green and rang the bell which 
 hung in the belfry tower, where the boulder now rests, 
 to the right. Joined here by William Dawes, of Bos- 
 ton, and Dr. Samuel Prescott, of Concord, he made his 
 way over the old road toward Concord. The Minute 
 
 LEXINGTON GREEN, MONUMENT AND BOULDER 
 
 Men assembled soon after the alarm was rung, but the 
 British not being in sight, they were disbanded and 
 adjourned to the old Buckman Tavern, the building 
 seen among the trees on the right, and there they spent 
 the remainder of the night. They reassembled on the 
 Green at 6 o'clock on the morning of the 19th, and 
 took up their line of battle, from the large boulder on 
 the Green to the mound and monument. On reaching 
 
 27 
 
the Green, the British soldiers found the Americans 
 arranged in line of battle. The Minute Men num- 
 bered about 70, while the British, headed by Major Pit- 
 cairn, numbered nearly 800. Pitcairn, dashing into 
 the centre of the Minute Men, exclaimed, "Disperse, ye 
 damn Yankee Dogs! Lay clown your arms!" An 
 officer fired his pistol into the face of one of the Minute 
 Men, killing him on the spot. Then there was a 
 general firing from along the line of the British on the 
 road, and eight Americans were killed. The British 
 then hastened to Concord. Directly ahead is the 
 
 large bronze statue of Capt. John Parker, who com- 
 manded the Lexington Minute Men. The statue was 
 designed by H. H. Kitson, of Boston, and unveiled April 
 19, 1900, by Capt. Parker's grandson. It surmounts 
 a drinking fountain and was presented to the town by 
 Francis Brown Hayes. 
 
 Pulpit Rock, on the Green, marks the site of the 
 first meeting houses in Lexington, all of which were 
 destroyed by fire. 
 
 The large boulder marks the "line of the Minute 
 Men." Inscribed thereon is the famous command of 
 Captain Parker: "Stand your ground. Don't fire 
 unless fired upon, but if they mean to have war let it 
 begin here." 
 
 The ivy covered monument, on the right, was 
 erected in memory of the eight men killed on Lex- 
 ington Green, and it is the oldest memorial to the 
 Revolution in the United States. It was erected in 
 1799. The inscription on the monument was written 
 by the Rev. Jonas Clark, who was pastor at Lexing- 
 ton at the time of the battle, and reads as follows: 
 
 28 
 
 
Sacred to Liberty & the Rights of mankind 
 
 The Freedom & Independence of America 
 
 Sealed & defended with the blood of her sons 
 
 This monument is erected 
 
 By the inhabitants of Lexington 
 
 Under the patronage & at the expense of 
 
 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
 To the memory of their Fellow Citizens 
 
 Ensign Robert Munroe, Messrs. Jonas Parker, Caleb 
 
 Harrington, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Harrington and 
 
 John Brown 
 
 Of Lexington & Asahel Porter of Woburn 
 
 Who fell on this field, the first Victims to the 
 
 Sword of British Tyranny & Oppression 
 
 On the morning of the ever memorable 
 
 Nineteenth of April An Dom 1775 
 
 The Die was cast 
 
 The Blood of these Martyrs 
 
 in the cause of God & their Country 
 
 Was the Cement of the Union of these States, then 
 
 Colonies & gave the spring to the Spirit, Firmness 
 
 And Resolution of their Fellow Citizens 
 
 They rose as one man to revenge their brethren's 
 
 Blood & at the point of the sword, to assert & 
 
 Defend their native Rights 
 
 They nobly dar'd to be free! ! 
 
 The contest was long, bloody & affecting 
 
 Righteous Heaven approved the solemn appeal; 
 
 Victory crowned their arms; and 
 
 The Peace, Liberty & Independence of the United 
 
 States of America, was their glorious Reward. 
 
 Built in the year 1 799 
 
 29 
 
The Meeting House, on the left, is the fourth 
 church of the first parish of Lexington. The top step 
 of this church is on a level with the top of Bunker Hill 
 monument, which is 221 feet in height. 
 
 The white house, on the left, was the old home of 
 Jonathan Harrington, who, wounded on the common 
 by the British, dragged himself to the door and died at 
 his wife's feet. 
 
 The next building, on the left, is known as His- 
 toric Hall. It was built in 1828, as the Lexington 
 Academy. Here, on July 4, 1839, was opened the 
 first normal school in America, with three pupils. 
 
 We are now on Hancock street, and in a few min- 
 utes we make a stop at the "Hancock-Clarke House," 
 erected in 1698 and enlarged in 1734. It was here 
 John Hancock and Samuel Adams were spending the 
 \ night when aroused by Paul Revere on his famous 
 side. This was the home of Rev. John Hancock, for 
 55 years and of his successor, the Rev. Jonas Clark, for 
 50 years. The house is owned by the Lexington His- 
 torical Society, and is opened daily, 9.30 to 5; Sun- 
 day, 2 to 4. 
 
 The last point of interest in Lexington is Rally 
 Bluff. Here, on their retreat from Concord Bridge, 
 the British officers endeavored to rally their men, but 
 after a sharp fight they were driven from the hill in 
 great confusion by the Americans and retreated to 
 Fiske hill beyond. 
 
 We now enter North Lincoln. The large tablet, 
 on the right, marks the place where Paul Revere was 
 captured by the British scouts. Inscribed on the tablet 
 is the following : 
 
 31 
 
"At this point, on the old Concord road, as it was 
 then, ended the midnight ride of Paul Revere. He 
 had at about 2 o'clock of the morning of April 19, 
 1775, the night being clear, and the moon in its third 
 quarter, got thus far on his way from Lexington to 
 Concord, alarming the inhabitants as he went, when 
 
 "ORCHARD HOUSE," HOME OF LOUISA MAY ALCOTT 
 
 he and his companions William Dawes of Boston and 
 Dr. Samuel Prescott of Concord, were suddenly halted 
 by a British patrol who had stationed themselves at 
 the bend of the road. Dawes turning back made his 
 escape, Prescott clearing the stone wall and following 
 
 32 
 
a path known to him through the low ground, regained 
 
 the highway at a point further on and gave the alarm 
 
 at Concord. Revere tried to reach the neighboring 
 
 wood but was intercepted by a party of officers accom- 
 
 | panying the patrol, detained and kept in arrest. Pres- 
 
 j ently he was carried by the patrol back to Lexington 
 
 : and there released and that morning joined Hancock 
 
 WAYSIDE," THE HOME OF HAWTHORNE 
 
 and Adams. Three men of Lexington, Sanderson, 
 Brown and Loring stopped at an earlier hour of the 
 night by the same patrol, were also taken back with 
 Revere." 
 
 We now enter the town limits of Concord. Con- 
 
cord was settled in 1635, five years after Boston, and 
 is the oldest English town in America settled above 
 tide water. On the right is Merriam's Corner. The 
 tablet on the corner reads as follows: 
 
 'The British troops, retreating from the Old 
 North Bridge were here attacked in flank by the men 
 of Concord and neighboring towns, and driven under a 
 hot fire to Charlestown." 
 
 On our right is the Grapevine cottage, the home 
 of Ephraim Wales Bull, the originator of the Concord 
 grape. Beside the cottage, under the trellis, may be 
 seen the first Concord grape vine, planted in 1849. 
 
 Next, on our right, is 'The Wayside," where 
 Hawthorne spent the last 12 years of his life. Here 
 he wrote "Tanglewood Tales," "Septimus Felton" and 
 the "Marble Faun." The "Wayside" is now owned 
 by Mrs. Lothrop, widow of the Boston publisher, Dan- 
 iel Lothrop. She, under the pen name of Margaret 
 Sidney, wrote "The Five Little Peppers and How They 
 Grew." 
 
 The boulder in the woods, on the right, marks 
 Hawthorne's favorite path to the Crow's Nest, which 
 he had constructed in a mammoth pine tree on the top 
 of the hill. The outer row of trees are English larches 
 and were imported by Hawthorne from Liverpool 
 when he was United States Consul to that port. Next 
 on the right is the "Orchard House," the home of 
 Louisa May Alcott. Here she wrote "Little Men and 
 Little Women." The two large trees in front of the 
 house she called her "Sentinel trees," beneath which 
 she wrote many of her works. 
 
 Looking through the trees, on the right, the small 
 
 34 
 
wooden building is the School of Philosophy, estab- 
 lished by Amos Bronson Alcott in 1879. 
 
 The next house was the home of Dr. Samuel Pres- 
 cott, who accompanied Paul Revere on his famous ride 
 and who gave the alarm in Concord. 
 
 Over to the left, among the pines, is Lake Walden, 
 on the shores of which Thoreau built his hut and wrote 
 his famous book, "Walden." 
 
 The white house among the trees, on the left, was 
 the home of Ralph Waldo Emerson, America's great- 
 est philosopher, for 47 years. Here he wrote most of 
 his works. The lower right hand corner room was his 
 library and study. The room is in the same condition 
 in which the author left it. He died in the upper left 
 hand corner room in 1882. The house was the home 
 of his daughter, Miss Ellen Emerson, until she died, in 
 February, 1909. It is now owned by Dr. Edward 
 Emerson and is occupied by Concord school teachers. 
 
 The next building, on our right, is the home of the 
 Concord Antiquarian Society. One room is devoted 
 exclusively to Thoreau relics. Here also is the sword 
 of Col. James Barrett, who led the fight at the bridge. 
 
 The meeting house, on the left, is the second 
 church of the first parish of Concord, built in 1900 to 
 replace the old building, which was built in 1712, and 
 burned to the ground, April 12, 1900. This structure 
 is an exact reproduction of the first church. In the 
 old church was held the First Provincial Congress of 
 Delegates from the towns of Massachusetts. This 
 assembly was held on Oct. 11, 1774, with John Han- 
 cock as president. By its acts it paved the way for 
 the Revolution and organized the militia companies 
 
 35 
 
that were afterward called "Minute Men," from the 
 wording of the clause which stated that they were to 
 be ready for war at a minute's notice. 
 
 Next to the church is the old Wright Tavern, 
 built in 1747. On the 19th of April, 1775, it was the 
 headquarters of the British officers. Here Major Pit- 
 cairn made his famous boast, while stirring his toddy, 
 
 HOME OF RALPH WALDO EMERSON 
 
 that he would "stir the blood of thed Yankees that 
 
 day." It is now the property of the First Parish 
 church, that it may be preserved and always kept as a 
 tavern. This house is well worth a short visit, for 
 
 36 
 
here, in addition to its historic relics, including the 
 original bar, are the following legends: 
 
 "The legend tells that in this house 
 
 The silver of the church 
 Was hidden in a keg of soap 
 
 Away from British search, 
 Certain it is her ancient creed 
 
 So guarded sacred things, 
 That to her solemn verities 
 
 No 'soft soap' ever clings." 
 
 "One Brown once kept the Tavern Wright, 
 
 and a brave man was he, 
 For in the Boston Tea Party, he helped to 
 
 pour the tea. 
 This fact is chiselled on his stone, and grave 
 
 stones never lie, 
 But always speak the living truth just as do 
 
 you and I." 
 
 On the right is the old hill burying ground, the 
 oldest cemetery in the town, containing the remains of 
 early settlers of Concord, and many of the patriots of 
 the Revolution. The oldest headstone with a date that 
 is legible is 1677. Adjoining the cemetery is St. Ber- 
 nard's church. 
 
 We now enter Monument square. The large 
 granite monument was erected in memory of the Con- 
 cord men who lost their lives in the Civil War. 
 
 The large elm tree in the square, on the right, is 
 known as the Town Elm, under which the townspeople 
 held their meetings during the Revolution. Here the 
 
 37 
 
Reverend William Emerson addressed the Minute Men 
 on the morning of April 19, 1775, exhorting them to 
 stand firm for their liberty. On April 19, 1812, Dr. 
 William Emerson, a son of the former, addressed the 
 Concord soldiers before their departure for the second 
 war with Great Britain. April 19, 1861, just 49 years 
 later, Ralph Waldo Emerson addressed the Concord 
 soldiers under the tree before their departure for the 
 South, and April 19, 1898, on the eve of the Spanish- 
 American War, Dr. Edward Emerson addressed the 
 departing soldiers, and once more, in 1917, he per- 
 formed the same patriotic duty. 
 
 The large boulder on the end of the Green, to the 
 left, was erected in memory of three Concord young 
 men who lost their lives in the invasion of Porto Rico. 
 
 The Colonial Inn was used as a store in 1775, and 
 the capturing of these stores was one of the objects 
 of the British expedition to Concord. One end of the 
 house was once the home of the Thoreau family. 
 
 Proceeding along Monument street, over which 
 the British afoldiers marched on their way to the 
 North Bridge, the yellow house, on the right, is 
 the Elisha Jones house, built in 1644, better known as 
 the house with the bullet hole. In the ell of the house 
 may be seen a bullet hole made by a British soldier 
 retreating from the North Bridge. "The glass was 
 placed over the hole to prevent tourists from carrying 
 the hole away." 
 
 Nearly opposite the Jones house is the old manse, 
 made famous by Hawthorne's "Mosses from an Old 
 Manse." The house was built in 1764 for the Rev. 
 William Emerson, the grandfather of Ralph Waldo 
 
 38 
 
Emerson. Here Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote "Na- 
 ture." Nathaniel Hawthorne lived here from 1842 
 to 1846. In his opening chapters of "The Mosses 
 from an Old Manse" Hawthorne gives a fine descrip- 
 tion of the interior, as well as the surroundings, mak- 
 ing special mention of the two mammoth gate posts 
 
 "OLD MANSE," WHERE HAWTHORNE WROTE "MOSSES 
 FROM AN OLD MANSE" 
 
 of rough hewn stone, as well as the avenue of trees. 
 The Rev. William Emerson, after addressing the men 
 under the town elm, retired to his study in the old 
 manse and prayed that there be no blood shed, when 
 he was roused from his prayers by the firing of mus- 
 
 39 
 
ketry. Looking out of the study window he saw the 
 red coats retreating from the causeway carrying with 
 them several of the wounded British soldiers, leaving 
 two of their dead comrades behind them. 
 
 We now enter the battle ground of Concord, next 
 to Plymouth Rock the most sacred spot in America. 
 
 BATTLE MONUMENT AND NORTH BRIDGE, CONCORD 
 
 "Here on the 19th of April, 1775, was made the first 
 forcible resistance to British aggression. On the op- 
 posite bank stood the American militia. "Here stood 
 the invading army, and on this spot the first of the 
 enemy fell in the war of that Revolution which gave 
 independence to these United States. In gratitude to 
 
 40 
 
God and in the love of Freedom this monument was 
 erected in 1836." 
 
 Beside the monument, near the stone wall, are the 
 graves of the two British soldiers killed by the first fire 
 of the Minute Men. 
 
 On the opposite bank of the Concord river is the 
 statue of the Minute Man, marking the position of 
 the Americans. 'This statue, considered one of the 
 finest bronze statues in America, was designed by 
 Daniel C. French, and moulded from cannon that were 
 used in the War of 1812. It was unveiled on April 
 19, 1875, on the 100th anniversary of the Concord 
 fight, by Gen. Grant, then President of the United 
 States, his Cabinet and the Governors of the six New 
 England States being present. 
 
 "The oration of the day was delivered by George 
 William Curtis, an address was made by Ralph Waldo 
 Emerson and a poem read by James Russell Lowell. 
 The inscription on the base is one of the stanzas of 
 Emerson's 'Concord Hymn,' and follows: 
 
 "By the rude bridge that 
 
 arched the flood, 
 Their flag to April's 
 
 breeze unfurled, 
 Here once the embattled 
 
 farmer stood, 
 And fired the shot heard 
 
 round the world. 
 
 "The Minute Man speaks not to Americans only, 
 but he speaks to the whole race of men in all times 
 
 41 
 
and all places. He stands there as the universal em- 
 bodiment of human freedom. He represents the ever- 
 lasting protest of mankind against tyranny and op- 
 pression. If those mute lips and that heroic attitude 
 say anything, they say this, which, in feeble and less 
 articulate tones, men have been trying to say through- 
 out all the ages, that the individuel life is God-given 
 and inviolate." 
 
 42 
 
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