3S8 ^,'^^«/^,/»«.,^ l^^^^.n.r^^^f^^f - - - - -'^ . - -^^ft,nC '"''■\. AA»^ AcnA^/SAa^.i! LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. i]^EL4_^©up^ng§i f Shelfv.B.Il. ^O^'^. ,vAa, "^^^Q^rr^rrr^^ ^^A^r^A^fw^ ■ - - T f^f\f\f\r\r\f^r\,f\^0^')' ,r^C^f>mf)f:\l^f:^CSf\^' ■mm^MIfl^rml ?^'b^-'^^^"::'s^wcr^fv^AM^^^ ^^flAAAAAoi^i^r-.^S"' :»AAnAA"'^-' ' '^AoAAOaOaAAA'^.W:/^' kUUAL.T f VTVVJUUf 'l^AriAAAAA'^A«A^?'A? ■'■■"■■ - AAAAAR®^^^^P'^'^AAA,flM!^««JP^???S 1„aAAAAaAaAAA? AaA;-i''Ak.^.^A,0, oA(^o.,...««a^CS?A?^" ... -loA^^^^ss^^AC ,A,^;*\i,a' AP3::o^SA:::^'^^AAMA^^^^a -^^AP^«^^^^p^^P'.S fflffimS mMmmtslej A^AnAAAAAA*:!^^:: CIMTIMMML AMMmLS. ! VA::VAA.A.A,A.A.-VJV:;v^V< ^VAA:A:iV>\m,AJiiV-VA^iy i^^ Pennsylvania Chronology FOR Two Hundred Years. op vvAj,Hi;i' 1682-1882. h PHILADELPHIA: LR.HAMERSLY SCO., 1882. -' II, 325SS33S5ES3EES3aaES:HSS2E^^ t)i^^t^^t^^"SN'&^'^^t#^^|i^§N; raiCE, T-WENXY-KIVE CE3SXS. ^ciD Phosphate. (LIQUID.) For Dyspepsia, Mental and Physical Exhaustion, Nervousness, Diminished Vitality, etc. Prepared according to the Directions of Prof. E. N. HORSFORD, of Cambridge, Mass. A Preparation of the Phosphates of Lime, Magnesia, Potash, and Iron, with Phosphoric Acid in such form as to be readily Assimilated by the System. It is not nauseous, but agreeable to the taste. It's action tvlll harmonize with such stimulants as are necessary/ to fake. Universally used by physicians of all schools. It makes a delicious drink tvith water and sugar only. iVo danger can attend its use. My chief experience with this remedy has been as follows : 1st. The weakness, physical and mental, of aged people. In one case of prostration and nervous- ness, with inability to sleep, it acted really, to use a common phrase, like a charm ; it seemed to be a food, a support, and cheered the whole being of the person. 2d. With less experience with its use in Impotency, I still can say it has served a useful purpose. 3d. As a pleasant and toning drink, when I have felt the wear and tear of hard brain-work, it has no equal. A favorite way with me is to use a teaspoon ful in a large glass of plain soda water, ice cold. What could be more delightfully refreshing for summer? C. C. VANDERBECK, M.D., Professor of Hygiene in "Wagner Free Institute of Science," Philadelphia, Pa. This Preparation is also a Specific in SEA-SICKNESS. DR. ADOLPH OTT, member of International Jury at the World's Exhibition of 1873, Vienna, used the Acid Phosphate for sea-sickness among the passengers during a passage across the Atlantic, and said: " In the plurality of cases I saw the violent symptoms yield which characterize that disease, and give way to a healthful action of the functions impaired. I was rather surprised to find it a remedy for sea-sickness, but as there can be no longer any doubt of the fact, I think that the widest circulation should be civen to it." Prices reasonable. Pamphlet giving further particulars mailed free. Manufactured by the RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS, PROVIDENCE, R. % \- I A- q PENNSYLVANIA Chronology for Two Hundred Years. 1682— 1882. 1682 ILLIAM PENN publishes in England his frame of government entitled, "The Frame of the Government of the Province of Pennsylvania, in America, together with certain laws agreed upon in England by the Governor and divers freemen of the aforesaid Province. To be further explained and confirmed there by the first Provincial Council that shall be held if they see meet." The Duke of York releases to William Penn all claim and demand to the Province of Pennsylvania, August 21 ; also, his right, title, and interest in "The Three Lower Counties on Delaware," August 24. William Penn sails from England on board the ship " Welcome," 300 tons burden, Robert Greenaway, commander, and arrives at New Castle, October 24. Visits New York. He proceeds to Upland (now Chester), and calls an Assembly, consisting of equal numbers of members for the Province and the three lower counties called the "Territories." Act of union annexing the three lower counties to the Province passed ; also, The Great Law. Dutch, Swedes, and other foreigners naturalized, December 4 to 7. Visits Maryland and confers with Lord Baltimore respecting the settlement of the boundaries between the two Provinces. Penn first meets the Indians in person, and enters into a lasting league of peace with them. Some Germans arrive from Cresheim, in Germany, and begin the settlement of Germantown. First arrival of the Welsh and settlement on west side of the Schuylkill. Plan of Philadelphia begun and first house built. John Key, first child born of English parents in Philadelphia. 1683 Settled parts of Province and Territories divided into counties. Bucks, Philadelphia, and Chester formed. Sheriffs and other officers appointed. First General Assembly con- vened at Philadelphia. A new frame of government agreed on and confirmed. First grand and petit jury and court of justice in Pennsylvania ; they try a person for counterfeiting. Plan of Philadelphia finished. Dispute between William Penn and Lord Baltimore respecting the boundaries of their Provinces, etc. The Proprietary visits the interior of the Province as far west as the Susquehanna. I 2 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TM'O HUNDRED YEARS. 1684 Forcible entry from Maryland on several plantations in the lower counties. Trouble with Indians about liquor. Penn, being under the necessity of returning^ to England, commissions the Provincial Council to act in his stead. Nicholas Moore, William Welch, William Wood, Robert Turner, and John Eckley appointed Provincial Judges for two years. Thomas Lloyd, James Claypoole, and Robert Turner empowered to sign patents and grant warrants for lands. William Clark appointed justice of the peace at large for the Province and Territories. Other justices appointed. Penn sails for England. 1685 The lines of separation between the County of Philadelphia and those of Bucks and Chester confirmed by the Council. The disp^ute between William Penn and Lord Baltimore respecting the lower counties decided by King James IL, in Council, by ordering a division to be made of all that tract of land between Delaware and Chesapeake Bay, from the latitude of Cape Henlopen to the south boundary of Pennsylvania, into two equal parts, of which that share on Delaware was assigned to the King and that on Chesapeake to Lord Baltimore. This division, though ordered to be immediately made, was delayed many years, and was finally ratified, confirmed, and ordered to be put in execution without delay by Queen Anne. Bound- aries between the counties of the Province ascertained. Nicholas Moore, Chief Justice of the Province, accused of malpractices, and impeached by the Assembly before the Council. 1686 William Penn publishes a further account of Pennsylvania. More settlers from Holland and Germany locate at Germantown. The Proprietary appoints five Commissioners of State, to whom he commits the government instead of the Council. Thomas Lloyd, Nicholas Moore, James Claypoole, Robert Turner, and John Eckley, Commissioners. 1687 Penn writes from England to the Commissioners, recommending to them the vigorous suppression of vice without respect of persons or persuasions, and says, " Let not foolish pity rob justice of its due and the people of proper examples." 1688 The Proprietary's presence and assistance in the Province much wanted. Lloyd wishes to be relieved from further service as Commissioner. His request granted. False alarm of an intended Indian rising to exterminate the English. Plural executive changed for a single deputy. Captain John Blackwell, formerly an officer of Cromwell, appointed Deputy Gover- nor by the Proprietary. 1689 Governor Blackwell meets the Assembly, disagrees with the Council, returns to Eng- land, and the government of the Province devolves again on the Council. The first public grammar school in Pennsylvania instituted by the Quakers ; George Keith, first master. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR 71VO HUNDRED YEARS. 1690 Thomas Lloyd elected President of Council. Difficulties arise between the Councilors of the Province and Territories. The latter form themselves into a separate body, appoint judges for the lower counties, and make ordinances. 1691 Endeavors to reconcile differences between the Province and the Territories futile. The Proprietary, while much regretting the division, and apprehending from it fatal consequences WILLIAM PLNN •, HoUbh IN LLIUIA blRLLI PRLbLM AIIEAKVNCL to his proprietorship, appoints Thomas Lloyd Governor of the Province and William Markham of the Territories. Differences and separation between George Keith and the Quakers. 1692 William Penn is deprived of the government of Pennsylvania and the Territories by King William and Queen Mary. The King and Queen's Commission issues to Benjamin Fletcher, Governor of New York, to take the Province and Territories under his srovernment. 1693 Governor Fletcher arrives in Philadelphia. The government is surrendered to hhn, though no official notification of the change had been given to the authorities, either by the King or the Proprietary. Penn warns Fletcher of the illegality of his appointment. Difficulties arise PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. between the Governor and Assembly on a new mode of electing and convening representa- tives proposed by the former. The Governor communicates to the Assembly a letter from the Queen respecting assistance to New York from the other colonies in the defence of Albany against the French. Assembly address the Governor praying that legislation may proceed according to the usual method and laws founded upon the late King's patents, etc. The Governor replies unfavorably. The Assembly returns a remonstrance mildly asserting its privileges. It passes a law for the support of the government, imposing a tax of one penny per pound on all estates, real and personal, and six shillings per head on all persons not otherwise rated. The Gover- nor threatens to annex Pennsylvania to New York. Governor Fletcher dissolves the Assembly at its own request. He appoints William Markham his deputy, and goes to New York. 1694 The government of Pennsylvania restored to William Penn. He commissions William Markham his Deputy Governor. 1695 Markham convenes the Assembly, which, after sitting some time, appears to have been unexpectedly dissolved by the Governor. 1696 Governor Markham calls another Assembly. It chooses John Simcock, of Chester, Speaker. It sends a remonstrance to the Governor against his convening it otherwise than by the forms prescribed in the charter. The third frame of government passed. 1697 Governor Fletcher, of New York, asks for more money to assist the Indians, but does not get it. 1698 A proclamation of the Governor and Council against vice and illicit trade. 1699 An outbreak of yellow fever causes great mortality in Philadelphia. William Penn returns to the Province with his family, and is received with universal joy by the inhabitants, his inten- tion being to fix his residence among them for the remainder of his life. He meets the Assem- bly. It takes measures against piracy and illicit trade. 1700 William Penn lays before his friends, the Quakers, at their monthly meeting in Philadel- phia, his concern for the Indians and Negroes, exhorting them to their duty respecting those PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 5 people. Holds an Assembly at Philadelphia and another at New Castle, at which the charter passed by Markham in 1696, and which was objectionable to the upper counties, or the Province, was considered, and one better adapted to their minds and circumstances prepared. 1701 The Proprietary lays before the Assembly a letter from the King requiring ^350 ster- ling towards the fortifications on the fronti&i's of New York. The Assembly addresses the Proprietary excusing non-compliance for the present. Articles of Agreement entered into between Penn and the Susquehanna Indians. In consequence of agitation in England for reducing the proprietary government in America to a regal one, Penn determines to return to England. He summons the Assembly, and addresses it on the necessity of his return to England. The Assembly presents an address to the Proprietary respecting his successor, etc. The Indians come to Philadelphia to take leave of the Proprietary. Disagreement be- tween the Province and the Territories again declares itself. The Proprietary grants his last charter of privilege to the Province and Territories. He likewise grants a charter to the inhabitants of Phil- adelphia constituting it a city. Andrew Hamilton, of New Jersey, appointed Deputy Governor, and James Logan Secretary of the Province. 1702 Governor Hamilton endeavors to effect a union in legislation between the Province and the Territories. He dies. Government devolves on Council, Edward Shippen, President. 1703 The Province and Territories irreconcilable ; they agree to a separation. John Evans appointed Deputy Governor by the Pro- prietor. He arrives. William Penn, Jr., a member of Council. penn's proprietary seal. 1704 Governor Evans augments the Council, and convenes the Assembly of both the Province and the Territories. He endeavors in vain to unite them. The Governor meets the Assem- bly of the lower counties at New Castle, the first that acted there in legislation independent of the Province after the Proprietary's departure. He publishes a proclamation commanding all persons " whose persuasion will on any account permit them to take up arms in their own defence" to enlist in the militia. The Assembly sends a letter to the Proprietary reflecting on himself. Governor Evans, and Secretary Logan, and refuses the Governor and his friends a copy thereof. 1705 A new Assembly is elected. Joseph Growdon, Speaker. A good understanding subsists between this Assembly and the Governor, and a large number of laws is passed. Thomas Chalkley, a Quaker preacher, with some friends, visits the Indians at Conestoga and is well received. 6 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1706 Governor Evans, in conjunction with Robert French, of New Castle, Thomas Clark, an attorney of Philadelphia, and some others, concerts a scheme to raise a false alarm in hopes to fricrhten the inhabitants into a resort to arms for their defenc-e. French sends up a messenger from New Castle informing the Governor that a number of vessels were ascending the river to attack Philadelphia. The Governor industriously circulates the news, mounts his horse, and rides with drawn sword through the streets commanding and entreating people of all ranks to rally to the defence of the city. Great consternation ensues. The falseness of the alarm beino- discovered, much indignation is felt towards the Governor. The Assembly impeaches Secretary Logan before the (lovernor, but unsuccessfully. 1707 The Assembly remonstrates to the Proprietary, and tries to get Governor Evans removed. It remonstrates also against Logan. 1708 The misunderstanding between the Governor and Secretary on the one hand and the Assembly on the other continues, to the great detriment of legislation and other interests in the Province. The Proprietary, under stress of financial difficulties, mortgages the Province for ^66oo sterling. 1709 Governor Gookin arrives. He is commended by Penn to his friends in the Province as "a person of years, experience, and moderation," etc. The Assembly being in session, pre- sents the Governor a congratulatory address, in which it continues its manifestation of resent- ment against Governor Evans. Governor Gookin replies to the Assembly's address, recom- mending the laying aside of all former animosities and jealousies. Other addresses from the Council and Assembly follow. The Governor makes a speech to the Assembly announcing a requisition by the Queen upon the Province for 1 50 men to assist in the retaking of Newfound- land and for the conquest of Canada. The Assembly offers to raise a present for the Queen of ;^5oo in lieu of the quota of men asked for. The Governor presses for a larger contribu- tion, but unsuccessfully. The Assembly adjourns, but is reconvened by the Governor, who lays before it the necessity of providing money for several purposes. The Assembly offers to add ^300 to the ^500 already voted, besides ^200 towards the Governor's support, and it earnestly requests his assistance to call the late Governor and Secretary to account for the money which It claimed should have been applied to the use of the public. The differences between the Governor and Assembly continue. Secretary Logan petitions the Assembly that preparation be made for his trial upon the impeachment of a former Assembly in 1706. A warrant issues for the arrest of Logan ; its execution is prevented by a supersedeas from the Governor. Logan proceeds to England and fully vindicates himself. 1710 William Penn sends an expostulatory letter to the Assembly on the late transactions. An Assembly consisting wholly of new members is elected. Good agreement exists between the Governor and this Assembly. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. ^i^TT' i' 8 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1711 An express arrives from England respecting the expedition to Canada. The Governor convenes the Assembly, acquaints them with the preparations of the Northern Colonies, and recommends them to exert themselves to enable him to raise and support the quota of men assigned the Province, or else to make an equivalent in money, and lays before them the Queen's letter. The Assembly votes ^2000, to be raised by tax. 1712 William Penn enters into an agreement for the sale of the government of the Province and Territories to Queen Anne for /i2,ooo, of which ^1000 was paid. He is stricken with apoplexy, and disabled from executing a surrender of the government according to the agree- ment. 1713 The Governor announces to the Assembly that the government was not yet surrendered, and probably would not be very soon. John Lowdon and others make the first settlement of New Garden, in Chester County. Samuel Carpenter, Treasurer of the -Province, dies, and the Assembly appoints Samuel Preston his successor. 1714 David Lloyd again chosen Speaker of Assembly. It holds several sessions, but not agreeing with the Governor, it adjourns to latter part of the year. 1715 111 humor exists between the Governor and the Assembly, but they afterwards agree for the dispatch of business. Francis Swain and others first settle London Grove, in Chester County. Complaints made to the Assembly of frequent and great tumults raised in Philadel- phia under pretence of supporting and abetting one Francis Philips, who had been indicted for high crimes and misdemeanors. Assembly addresses the Governor on the subject, and he rephes. An Indian treaty held in Philadelphia. The Governor informs the Assembly of his intention to go to England. 1716 The Assembly presents an address to King George on his accession to the throne. The Governor disagrees with both the Council and Assembly. 1717 Governor Gookin takes leave of the Assembly. He is superseded by Sir William Keith. The Governor and Assembly exchange addresses. The great influx of foreigners engages the attention of the Governor and Assembly. Many Mennonites arrive from Germany. Dr. Griffith Owen, of Philadelphia, dies. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 9 1718 The Governor and Assembly address King George respecting the settlement and state of the Province. They represent the necessity of the solemn affirmation of Quakers being ad- mitted instead of an oath. Harmony prevails between Governor and Assembly. William Penn dies at Rushcombe, near Twyford, in Buckinghamshire, England, aged 74 years. He devises the government of the Province and Territories to the Earl of Oxford, Earl Mortimer, and William, Earl Powlett, and their heirs, upon trust, to dispose thereof to the Queen, or any OLD COURT-HOUSE, SECOND AND MARKET STREETS. Other person, to the best advantage they can, to be applied as his will proceeds to direct. In consequence of the claim to the government set up by William Penn, son and heir of the Pro- prietary, and of the question whether what was devised to the earls to be sold should, as at present circumstanced, be accounted part of the real or personal estate of the testator, the earls declined to act in their trust, or assign over the same without the decree of the Court of Chan- cery for their indemnity. William Penn, Jr., lays claim to the government of the Province. 1719 An important law, entited "An Act for the Advancement of Justice, and more certain administration thereof," receives the roval assent. 1720 Governor Keith proposes to the Assembly to establish a Court of Chancery, which is agreed to. The Governor establishes such a court by proclamation, to be opened the 25th of August, 1720. lo PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1721 The disagreement between the Southern and Northern Indians increasing, Governor Keith goes to Virginia about this business. After his return he holds a treaty with Indians of the Five Nations at Conestoga. 1722 The barbarous murder of an Indian gives the Governor and Assembly much concern, and great pains is taken that it should not have a disastrous effect on the amicable relations between the whites and Indians. Lawsuits increase in the Province. A scheme for a paper currency first introduced. 1723 An act of Assembly is passed for remitting _;^i 5,000 on loan in paper bills of credit. Another act adds ^30,000 more to such issues. Benjamin Franklin visits Philadelphia for the first time. 1724 Hannah Penn, on the part of the Proprietaries, addresses a letter to Governor Keith, in- structing him that in all matters of legislation he is to act only by and with the advice and consent of the Council. The Governor claims that the Council forms no part of the legis- lative body, and that as the Assembly is not to be bound or restrained by instructions from its constituents, so neither is the Governor by instructions from the Proprietaries. The con- troversy continues through the year, the chief actors being the Governor and David Lloyd on the one side, and James Logan, the Secretary, and Agent to the Proprietary's family, on the other. 1725 The Governor strenuously maintains the debate and persists in his conduct. Logan en- deavors to terminate the dispute. The Assembly remonstrates with Hannah Penn against the tenor of her letter to Governor Keith. The King, in Council, ratifies the act of Assembly establishing affirmation instead of an oath in Pennsylvania, a privilege which had been for- merly enjoyed, but which in 1705 had been taken away. Both the Assembly and the Quakers' Yearly Meeting send the King addresses expressmg gratitude for his ratification of the Affirm- ation Act. Another privilege of the Quakers, the liberty of keeping their hats on their heads in all courts of judicature, is also restored. Governor Keith being very popular, his intended removal by the Proprietary family gives rise to much displeasure. The people petition the Assembly to grant him a gratuity. 1726 Patrick Gordon, having been appointed Governor, arrives and supersedes Governor Keith. The latter remains in the Province, is elected to the Assembly, but finally displeases the people and returns to England. The Widow Penn replies to the remonstrance of Assembly respecting her letter of instructions to the late Governor. Governor Gordon meets the Assembly in the beginning of August. Benjamin Franklin returns to Philadelphia. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1727 The Province continues to prosper, attracting large immigration of Germans, Swiss, Scotch- Irish, Welsh, etc. Iron-works are being successfully operated in Bucks County. First recorded murder of a white man by Indians in the Province after first arrival of Penn occurs in Lancaster County. 1728 Governor Gordon publishes his " Two Indian Treaties at Conestogoe." General tranquillity and harmony prevail. OLD swedes' church. 1729 Lancaster County is set off from Chester County. The State House (Independence Hall) commenced. 1730 Laws passed regulating emigration, and establishing regulations to prevent the introduc- tion into the Province of convicts and paupers ; also for naturalizing Germans of Lancaster County, and for preventing obstructions to the navigation of the Schuylkill, for regulating peddlers, venders, etc. ; for relief of insolvent debtors, for prohibiting lotteries, and the sup- pression of vendues in the streets of Philadelphia. At election for Assemblymen, 622 votes were cast in the city and county of Philadelphia. Vessels cleared during year, 171 ; entered, 161. Deaths during year, 227. 12 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1731 The Governor in his messages discusses the trade of the Province, pointing out that plentiful harvests in Europe would lessen usual demand for Pennsylvania breadstuffs ; he urges that attention be given to silk culture. Anthony Uuche, Anthony Duche, Jr., Jacob Duche, and Andrew Duche petition the Assembly, setting forth that for several years they had applied themselves with great industry to the art, heretofore unknown in these parts, of making stoneware, and asking for the passage of a law giving them the monopoly of the business for twenty-one years, and to discourage the importation of such wares from other provinces ; the request is denied by the Assembly. Inhabitants of Lancaster County petition the Governor and Council that proper persons be appointed to view and lay out a public road from the town of Lancaster " until it falls into the high road in the county of Chester leading to the ferry at Schuylkill, at High Street.'' Citizens of Lancaster and Chester appointed for the duty. 1732 Thomas Penn, one of the Proprietors, arrives in the Province. The Assembly present him an address expressing pleasure at his visit, etc., to which he makes gracious reply. Com- missioners appointed to mark and run the boundary lines between Maryland and Pennsyl- vania, with those of the Territories of the latter. An agreement between the Commissioners of the Proprietaries respectively of Pennsylvania and Maryland establishing boundaries is entered into, but the full execution of it is delayed by altercations and disputes for thirty years. First political conflict between Quakers and Scotch-Irish in Lancaster County. 1733 The Provincial Government is apprehensive of the designs of the French, who are estab- lishing posts on the headwaters of the Allegheny and Ohio, and claiming by virtue of some treaty all the lands on those rivers. James Logan proposes that a treaty be held with the Shawanese and other tribes, and that they be invited to remove nearer the English settlements. His suggestion is adopted, and a treaty is held at Philadelphia with the Six Nations, who promise perpetual friendship with the English. 1734 Thomas Penn informs the Council of some very unneighborly proceedings of the Province of Maryland. Messrs. Hamilton and Georges are appointed Commissioners to execute cer- tain articles of the agreement entered into between the Proprietaries and Lord Baltimore in 1732. They visit Annapolis and return with an unsatisfactory report. The Governor writes to the justices of the counties of Chester, Lancaster, and the Territories to exert their utmost endeavors to apprehend all encroachers on the lands within the known and reputed limits of their respective counties. The Indians and whites have a treaty at Durham, in Bucks County, respecting limits to white settlements. 1735 Lord Baltimore attempts to get the lower counties by grant from the King. His applica- tion is opposed in England both by Richard Penn and by the Quakers. This affair hastens the PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 13 return of John Penn to England. The As- sembly, deeming that Governor Gordon's authority has determined by reason of the death of Springctt Penn and Hannah Penn, refuses to act upon a message from him. A new commission issues to the Governor, signed by John, Thomas, and Richard Penn. In approving this commission the King ex- pressly reserves the right of the Crown to the government of the Lower Counties on Dela- ware. The treaty with Indians begun at Dur- ham last year is continued at Pennsbury. 1736 Governor Gordon dies, and the govern- ment devolves on the Council, James Logan, President. Benjamin Franklin chosen Clerk to the Assembly. VALl.KY KOKGE. QUAKER ALMSHOUSES. — DESTROYED 1876. 1737 The treaty begun with the Indians at Durham, Bucks County, in 1734, contin- ued at Pennsbury in 1735, is concluded at Philadelphia. The limits of the Walking Purchase as described in the deed of 1682 are confirmed, and it is agreed to have the walk performed. The Indians do not expect this walk to extend beyond the Lehigh Hills, about forty miles from point of departure, a chestnut tree standing a little above the present site of Wrights- town. Timothy Smith, sheriff of Bucks, and Benjamin Eastburn, surveyor-gen- eral, superintend. Edward Marshall and James Yeates, natives of Bucks, the walk- ers, start at sunrise ; the walk quicken- ing at times into a run, the Indians are angry and say they are cheated. Jen- nings and two of the Indian walkers give out first day ; Marshall, Yeates, and one Indian keep on, and arrive at sunset on north side of Blue Mountains. Start again at sunrise next morning. Yeates gives out. Marshall continues the walk, and at noon, the stipulated period, reaches 14 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. a spur of the Second, or Broad Mountain, estimated at eighty-six miles from starting-point. The course of the line from the terminal point of the walk to the Delaware not being ex- pressed in deed of purchase, the agent of the Proprietaries, instead of running by nearest course to river, ran northeastwardly, striking the Delaware near mouth of Lackawaxen, thus includ- ing much more land than if run by most direct course. This gave great dissatisfaction to Indians, and eventually helped to bring on hostilities. 1738 George Thomas appointed Governor. He meets the Assembly and informs them that he had been appointed to the government above a year before, but his embarkation had been impeded by the objections of Lord Baltimore to the Proprietaries appointing a Governor over the three lower counties, etc. The effort of Marylanders to get control of the land west of the Susquehanna River, north of 40th degree latitude, which began in 1732, and led to what is known as " Cresap's War," is finally abandoned. 1739 Andrew Hamilton, Speaker of Assembly, takes leave of the House, on account of age and infirmities, in a speech rehearsing the happy condition of the Province, the causes of its prosperity, etc. 1740 Whitefield, the celebrated revivalist, arrives in Philadelphia and begins preaching with great effect, and to the disturbance of the religious harmony which had prevailed for man\- vears. 1741 Governor Thomas having encouraged the enlisting of bought or indented servants in the Province for soldiers in consequence of the war in which England was engaged with Spain, John Wright, a member of Assembly and magistrate of Lancaster County, opposes the prac- tice in a speech before the Assembly ; for which he is removed from his office. Thomas Penn proposing to return to England, the Assembly presents him an address, and he replies. 1742 At the election for members of Assembly in Philadelphia a large number of sailors from the shipping in the Delaware raise a riot at the polls, incited thereto, as alleged, by party leaders. 1743 Governor Thomas, ha\ing received no appropriation for salary since 1740, adopts a con- ciliatory tone towards the Assembly. He signs six acts of Assembly, and the Assembly appropriates ^1500 on account of his salary. A new Assembly meets in October. The Gov- ernor informs it that he had received dispatches from England, which declared that the King's dominfons in America were in danger " from any sudden attempts that might be made upon PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 15 Ji ill! f !S1 1 6 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. them, in case a rupture with France should ensue, in consequence of the steps which His Majesty has already taken in support of the Queen of Hungary and the common cause." The Governor endeavors to have the Assembly prepare a bill requiring the inhabitants to arm and ec[uip themselves, etc. The Assembly declines to do as the Governor wishes. 1744 War being declared between England and France, hostilities with the French and Indians become imminent. Benjamin f^ranklin endeavors to reconcile the Governor and Assembly, and arouse them to the necessity of military preparations. Franklin appointed a colonel, but declines. A battery erected below Philadelphia with funds raised by lottery, in which many Quakers take chances. The Governor sends Conrad Weiser, provincial interpreter, to Shamo- kin to confer with Indians. A council with deputies of the Six Nations is held at Lancaster, and is attended by Governor Thomas in person, and by Commissioners from Virginia and Maryland. The Iroquois engage to prevent the French and their Indian allies from marching through their country to attack the English. Assembly refuses assistance to'Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, in his design of attacking French settlements at Cape Breton, but under direction from the British government it votes ^4000 to be expended for subsistence stores. 1745 The Shawanese Indians on the Ohio openly assume a hostile character. French machin- ations with the Six Nations produce alarm. Commissioners sent to a convention at Albany to induce the Six Nations to become a party to the war against the French. Not successful. 1746 Governor Thomas summons the Assembly in obedience to instructions to raise forces to attempt conquest of Canada. Assembly, after a good deal of delay, votes ^5000. The Gov- ernor raises four companies of over one hundred men each, commanded by Captains William Trent, John Shannon, Samuel Perry, and John Deimer, which proceed to Albany. 1747 Governor Thomas resigns, and the government devolves on the Council, Anthony Palmer, President. 1748 The Assembly refuses payment of the amounts due to the officers and men of the Penn- sylvania battalion in service at Albany. A new Assembly meets in October and decides a contested election case from Bucks County. James Hamilton, son of Andrew Hamilton, having been appointed Lieutenant-Governor by the Proprietaries, arrives in Philadelphia, and is congratulated by the City Council and entertained at a public dinner. 1749 James Hamilton, son of Andrew Hamilton, former Speaker of Assembly, returns from Europe bearing the commission of Lieutenant-Governor. His administration begins auspi- PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 17 ciously for a good understanding with the Assembly. Thomas and Richard Penn purchase of the Indians, for £soo, the territory now embraced in Pike, Monroe, Carbon, Schuylkill, and Dauphin Counties; this was the first purchase of land from the Indians for money. York County formed. 1750 The Governor, in consequence of complaints of the great increase of inns and taverns, writes a letter to the magistrates, praying them to be more strict in granting licenses. The Assembly orders the superintendents of the State-House "to proceed as soon as they conven- MOONLIGHT OK THE SUSQUEHANNA. iently may to carry up a building on the south side of the said house, to contain the stair-case, with suitable place therein for hanging a bell." This was the origin of the tower and steeple. Cumberland County formed. 1751 The Governor and Assembly have a dispute on a question of prerogative. The former yields. Measures are taken for the establishment of the Pennsylvania Hospital. The streets of Philadelphia lighted for the first time. A bell is ordered for the State-House, of Robert Charles, of London, to have on it the following inscription : " By order of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania for the State-House, in the City of Philadelphia, 1752. Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. — Levit. xxv. 10." 1752 The Assembly erects certain parts of the counties of Philadelphia, Chester, and Lancaster into a separate county, to be called Berks. Northampton County also formed from the north- 1 8 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. western portion of Bucks. The Hon. John Penn, son of Richard, arrives, and receives con- gratulatory addresses from pubHc bodies and private corporations. The Assembly passes bills for an increased issue of paper money, but they are objected to by the Governor. 1753 The controversy between the Governor and Assembly in relation to paper currency is renewed. Bucks County protests against holding the Supreme Court in Philadelphia, on account of the inconvenience to its people in having to travel so far to attend it. Philadelphia petitions Assembly for the passage of a law to assay and stamp silver and gold, and for the appointment of an assayer. 1754 The paper-money contest is renewed. The Governor represents to the Assembly that a portion of the territory of the Province had actually been invaded by the French, who had erected forts and committed other hostilities. The House trifles with the matter, asserting that there is no proof of the invasion. George Washmgton, a lieutenant-colonel of Virginia militia, arrives with two companies at The Great Meadows, in the Allegheny Mountains. He defeats a French detachment ; receiving reinforcements, he marches on Fort du Ouesne, but encoun- ters a superior French force and is defeated. Governor Hamilton resigns and is succeeded by Robert Hunter Morris, Chief Justice of New Jersey. The Governor lays before the Assembly a letter from one of the King's Secretaries of State, complaining of the manner in which the Province had responded to previous instructions directing co-operation in measures against the French. The differences between the Governor and Assembly result in nothing being accom- plished for the public defense. 1755 Governor Morris convenes the Assembly, which passes an appropriation of ^25,000 in bills of credit to the King's use, but the Governor, finding that it was like the bill of the pre- vious year, lefuses to sanction it. The Governor attends a Council at Alexandria, composed of General Braddock, Admiral Keppel, and the Governors of five of the Colonies, to deter- mine a plan of campaign. General Braddock's expedition against Fort du Ouesne is set on foot. He sustains a disastrous defeat, which creates great alarm in the Province. The Governor convenes the Assembly, and a renewal of the disputes between them ensues, not- withstanding the necessity for energetic action. 1756 Governor Morris issues a proclamation offering bounties for Indian prisoners and scalps, and for the recovery of English subjects held captive by the Indians. The proclamation gives great offense to the Assembly. William Denny, being appointed Lieutenant-Governor, arrives and supersedes Governor Morris. His advent is welcomed by the Assembly, but upon making known his instructions from the Proprietaries and his intention to adhere to them, the old dis- cord revives. Col. John Armstrong makes a successful expedition against the Indian town of Kittanning, the stronghold of Captains Jacobs and Shingas, the most active Indian chiefs. Governor Denny holds a Grand Council at Easton with Teedyuscung, King of the Delawares, and other chiefs. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 19 1757 French and Indian attacks continue. The counties of Cumberhind, Berks, Northampton, and Lancaster are raided, and scalping parties appear within thirty miles of Philadelphia. Governor Denny has a confer- ence at Lancaster with deputies from the Six Nations, at which are present Colonel Stanwix and a number of the Council and Assembly. Indians, abandon Another ficulties message ordering 1758 In response to a circular from William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, Premier of England, Pennsylvania equips two thou- sand seven hundred men. General John Forbes, with nine thousand British regulars and provincials, marches to Bedford. Colonel Bouquet, commanding the Pennsylvania contingent, cuts a road from Raystown to Loyal-hanna and erects a fort. Hence Major Grant with eight hundred se- lected men makes a reconnois- sance towards Fort du Ouesne, is attacked by the French and and is badly defeated. General Forbes advances on Fort du Ouesne, which the French , terminating the struggle between France and England in the valley of the Ohio. Indian Council at Easton amicably adjusts dif- about land, etc., and the Six Nations send a to the Shawanese and Twigtwees, on the Ohio, them to desist from hostilities. FARM SCENE NEAR MALVERN. 1759 A " delirium of joy" pervades the Provinces over the capture of Quebec. Benjamin Franklin, who is the agent of Pennsylvania in England, publishes there a " Historical Review of Pennsylvania." In consequence of yielding to the demands of the Assembly and passing its money-bill. Governor Denny is removed, and James Hamilton is reappointed. 1760 The troops of the Province arc reduced to one hundred and fifty men and officers against the remon- strances of the Governor and Generals Amherst and THE OLD BELL. 20 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. Stanvvix. On command of the Crown to furnish a hke number as for the last campaign, the Assembly votes twenty-seven hundred men, and reports a bill granting to His Majesty's use ^100,000 for levying, paying, and clothing them. In consequence of a destructive conflagra- tion in Boston, the Assembly, on the application of the Governor of Massachusetts and at the instance of Governor Hamilton, grants the sufferers ^1500. 1761 The Governor urges on the Assembly the necessity of providing means to pay the rem- nant of the troops which had remained in service over their contract time, and for the main- tenance of Fort Augusta, at the forks of the Susquehanna. The House refuses payment to the troops, referring them to the Crown, but votes a guard of thirty men for Fort Augusta. 1762 War with Spain having been declared by England, great alarm prevails for the safety of th^ Province, and especially for Philadelphia, owing to Spain's naval power. The Governor convenes the Assembly, which promptly appropriates ^23,500, which appears to have been the Parliamentary allotment for 1759. ^^5°°° ^^ also appropriated for building a fort mounting twenty guns (now Fort Mifflin) on Mud Island, near the mouth of the Schuylkill. 1763 The treaty of peace between England and France concluded last year is proclaimed in Philadelphia. Peace with Spain follows. The Kiyasuta and Pontiac war breaks out. Colonel Bouquet, marching to the relief of Fort Pitt, defeats the Indians in the battle of Bushy Run. Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, surveyors, arrive from London and proceed to run the boundary lines between Pennsylvania and the Territories, or lower counties, and Maryland. Killing of friendly Indians at Conestoga by armed men, chiefly from Paxtaug (or Paxton) and Donegal Townships, Lancaster County, causes great excitement. John Penn, son of Richard, grandson of William, called the "American Penn," from having been born in Philadelphia, assumes the Governorship. 1764 Excitement in Philadelphia over rumored intention of " Paxton Boys," from Lancaster County, to attack the Moravian Indians, who are living under the protection of the city. Colonel Bouquet makes a successful expedition against the Ohio Indians. The question whether a proprietary government or one with kingly powers is best adapted to the Province becomes prominent. The Quakers generally favor such a change, but many prominent men oppose it. Franklin is sent to England to urge the proposed change upon the ministry. 1765 Dr. Franklin labors earnestly but ineffectually in England to avert the passage of the famous Stamp Act, which is passed by Parliament. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 21 1766 Excitement in relation to Stamp Act continues. The rumored intention of the Pitt min- istry to repeal the act hailed with joy. The act repealed, but with a declaration of the right of Parliament to tax the Colonies. 1767 The interference of the Indians having arrested the further proceedings of Messrs. Mason and Dixon, they return to Philadelphia, where they are honorably discharged. In consequence of the passage by Parliament of a bill imposing duties on tea, glass, paper, etc., non-importa- tion resolutions are signed by all the principal merchants and business men of Philadelphia. 1768 Encroachment on Indian lands continues to provoke hostilities. A treaty is made with the Six Nations by which they convey to the Proprietaries all the land within a boundary ex- tending from the New York line on the Susquehanna, past Towanda and Tyadaghton Creek, OFFICE OF SIXRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS. up the West Branch over to Kittanning, and thence down the Ohio. This is called the New Purchase, and includes the lands claimed by the Susquehanna Company. Two Proprietary manors are laid out in Wyoming and leased for seven years to Charles Stewart, Amos Ogden, and John Jennings. 1769 Opposition to the course of the British ministry continues. In consequence of the non- importation resolutions manufactures increase. The Connecticut Company pushes its settle- ment of the Wvoming- region. 22 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1770 Owing to the repeal by Parliament of the taxes on paper, glass, and painters' colors, but retaining the tax on tea, the question is agitated whether importation of all articles but tea should not be resumed. Troubles between the Pennamites and Yankees in Wyoming increase. War between them. The Yankees successful. 1771 John Penn returns to England, and James Hamilton, President of Council, acts in his stead until arrival of Richard Penn, younger brother of John, who assumes the governorship. Northumberland County organized. 1772 Manufactures decline. A robe of Pennsylvania silk is presented to the Queen, who promises to wear it on the King's birthday. 1773 The Yankees attempt to expel the settlers under Pennsylvania grants from the West Branch of the Susquehanna, but are defeated. A public meeting of the citizens of Philadel- phia resolve to resist the landing of taxed tea. A tea sTiip arrives and is sent back without unloading. John Penn arrives and supersedes Richard Penn as Governor. 1774 The Governor of Virginia attempts encroachment on the western border of the Province. Indian hostilities prevail in the Ohio country. Paul Revere arrives in Philadelphia from Boston, bearing a letter requesting the advice of the citizens of Philadelphia upon the occasion of the publication of the Boston Port Bill. A meeting is held and a committee of correspond- ence appointed, who return a reply to the Boston letter, expressing sympathy, etc. The Gov- ernor requested to convene the Assembly, but refuses. A great public meeting is called which resolves that the Boston Port Act is unconstitutional, and that it is expedient to convene a Continental Congress, and a committee is appointed to recpiest the appointment of deputies from the several counties to a general conference to be holden at Philadelphia. The confer- ence convenes on the 15th of July, and passes a series of important resolutions and instructions for the Assembly. Delegates from twelve Provinces meet in Congress at Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia. 1775 A Provincial Convention assembles at Philadelphia, which passes resolutions indorsing the proceedings of the Continental Congress, and making important recommendations to the inhabitants of the Province. An express arrives bringing news of the battle of Lexington. Pennsylvania's first rifle regiment completes its organization, William Thompson, of Cum- berland County, colonel. Congress resolves to raise a Continental army, of which Pennsyl- vania's quota is 4300 men. A committee of safety for the Province is appointed. It prepares articles for the government of the military bodies known as Associators. A fleet of armed boats is built for the defense of the Delaware. Five battalions in all are raised during the year for the Continental army. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 23 1776 Three additional battalions raised. An engagement on the Delaware between the Flotilla and two English vessels. A Provincial Conference announces to Congress the willingness of the people to concur in a declaration of independence, provided that the forming of the gov- ernment and the regulation of the internal police of the Colony be left to its own people. A convention to form a constitution assembles at Philadelphia ; it perfects measures necessary to adoption of a constitution, appoints a Council of Safety to carry on executive duties, approves the Declaration of Independence, and provides for a Council of Censors, to be selected in 1783 and every seventh year thereafter. General Mifflin is sent through the State to arouse the Bounties are offered for volunteers. people. 1777 The Philadelphia City Troop participate in the battle of Princeton with distinction. They are temporarily discharged by General Washington with high commendation. A Supreme Executive Council is chosen under the constitution, and the Council of Safety is dissolved. It appoints a Navy Board. A new militia law is passed. Battle of Brandy- wine. Massacre at Paoli. British occupation of Philadelphia. Battle of Germantown and reduction of Fort Mifflin. The army goes into winter-quarters at Valley Forge. 1778 The Battle of the Kegs. The Supreme carpenters' hall. Executive Council of the State and the As- sembly in session at Lancaster. Congress at York. Assembly passes an " act of attainder of divers traitors." General John Lacy's force of militia attacked and defeated at Crooked Billet Tavern, in Bucks County. A grand fete, called the " Mischianza," is given to Lord Howe in Philadelphia. Philadelphia reoccupied by the Continental army. General Arnold \\\ command of the city. Tories and Indians attack Wyoming, also the settlements on the West Branch and on the Allegheny. 1779 The Supreme Executive Council orders the Attorney-General of the State to prosecute General Arnold for illegal and oppressive conduct while in command at Philadelphia. General Sullivan makes an expedition up the Susquehanna against the Tories and Indians. The Assembly passes resolutions annulling the Royal Charter, and granting the Penns ^130,000 as compensation for the rights of which they are deprived. 1780 The Assembly passes an act for the gradual abolition of slavery in the State. Also a bill suspending (under authority of Congress) the laws making Continental paper currency a 24 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. tender. Also resolutions authorizing the borrowing of a sum not to exceed ;^2oo,ooo sterling, and pledging the faith and honor of the State for its repayment after ten years. The Assem- bly also passes a law for reorganizing the militia. News of Arnold's treason. The Council confiscates his estate and orders his wife to depart the State. Many arrests of Tories, and one, a Quaker of Chester County, is executed. 1781 The troops of the Pennsylvania Line, in camp at Morristown, N. J., mutiny. The revolt is compromised. The French and American forces pass through Philadelphia for the South. Fears being entertained that the absence of the allied armies might tempt the British troops in New York to move on Philadelphia, militiamen are ordered to hold themselves in readi- ness. News of Cornwallis's capitulation received with great gratification. William Moore, who has served as Vice-President since 1779, succeeds President Reed, whose term as coun- cilor has expired. General James Potter chosen Vice-President. 1782 The expedition against the Sandusky Indians, under command of Colonel William Craw- ford, is defeated, and Crawford is burned at the stake by the savages. On request of the Supreme Executive Council a special session of the Assembly is convened to devise means for raising funds to carry on the government. It passes a resolution against peace with England without the concurrence of France, against reunion with England on any terms, and against a revival of the rights of the Proprietary family. The Commissioners appointed by Congress to determine the controversy respecting the Wyoming lands decide in favor of the Pennsyl- vania claims, which gives rise to a fierce and vindictive struggle between the Yankees and the Pennamite settlers. John Dickinson is chosen President, and General James Ewing Vice- President. 1783 A number of the non-commissioned officers and privates of the Pennsylvania Line march from Lancaster to Philadelphia to demand redress of grievances from the Supreme Executive Council and Congress. Congress, alarmed, demands that the militia should be called out to disarm the malcontents and hold them subject to its disposition. The Supreme Executive Council not responding to this demand of Congress, that body adjourns to meet at Princeton. The prime movers of the mutiny escape, but several of the participants are arrested and tried, but are subsequently pardoned. Commissioners of Pennsylvania and New Jersey settle the jurisdiction of the islands in the Delaware. Members of the Council of Censors are chosen, agreeably to the Constitution of 1776, and it meets in Philadelphia, with Frederick A. Muhl- enberg as President. 1784 The definitive treaty of peace with England being ratified by Congress, the event is cele- brated with much enthusiasm. General Lafayette visits Philadelphia and is received with demonstrations of joy and gratitude. A treaty with the Indians is held at Fort Stanwix, at which the residue of Indian lands within the limits of Pennsylvania is purchased. Landreth's (?reat seed farms at Bristol established. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 25 26 PENNSYLVAMA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1785 The land-office being opened, settlers rapidly take up lands on the West Branch. The Philadelphia Agricultural Society, the first in the United States, is organized. Benjamin Franklin is chosen President of the State, and Charles Biddle Vice-President. 1786 The Legislature distributes among the river counties the islands in the Delaware which were assigned to Pennsylvania by the treaty with New Jersey. John Fitch applies to the As- sembly for the exclusive right to his invention of navigating vessels by steam. 1787 Mr. Findley brings before the Assembly the subject of the removal of the State govern- ment from Philadelphia to Harrisburg. The Convention to frame the Federal Constitution meets in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania ratifies the Constitution. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER NEAR HERNDON. 1788 Ten States having ratified the Federal Constitution, a grand celebration of the event is had throughout the State. A convention of Anti-Federalists is held at Harrisburg and recommends acquiescence in the Constitution, but proposes that it be revised. It nominates a general ticket for Congress. Another convention of friends of the Constitution meets at Lancaster and selects candidates for Congress and Presidential Electors. The election for Congressmen PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 27 results in the choice of six of the Federal noniinees and two of the other ticket. Vice-Presi- dent Muhlenberg resigns, and David Redick, of Washington County, is chosen in his place. At the ensuing election General Thomas Mifflin is elected President, and George Ross, of Lancaster, Vice-President. OLD LONDON COFFEE-HOUSE. — FRONT AND MARKET STREETS. 1789 First election for President of the United States under the new Constitution. Pennsyl- vania gives her ten votes to George Washington for President, and eight votes for John Adams and two for John Hancock for Vice-President. A convention to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania meets in Philadelphia, Thomas Mifflin, President. 1790 The new Constitution is adopted. Among other changes it creates a Senate, abolishes the Supreme Executive Council, provides for the election of a Governor, etc. 28 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1791 A committee appointed by the Legislature last year to consider the question of internal improvements make a long and \aluable report, showing the capacity of the rivers of the Commonwealth as highways of commerce. A subsequent report favors an appropriation for opening the rivers, and the issue of a proclamation by the Governor inviting proposals for undertaking the construction of canals. A bill covering these recommendations is passed. Thus begins the system of public works which came to form so serious a care to the State in after-years. 1792 The Union Canal is begun by a company incorporated "for opening a canal and lock nav- igation between the rivers Schuylkill and Susquehanna, or by the waters of the Tulpehocken and Ouittapahilla, and the Ouittapahilla and Swatara, in the counties of Berks and Dauphin," So great is the rush for shares that, to give all an equal chance, they are distributed by lottery. 1793 A company is chartered for constructing canal and lock navigation on the west branch of the Brandywine; also " The Conewago Canal Company," to open and improve the navigation of the Susquehanna River from Wright's Ferry to the mouth of the Swatara. The Bank of Pennsylvania incorporated, the State subscribing for one-third of the entire stock; branches at Lancaster, Harrisburg, Reading, Easton, and Pittsburgh. The yellow fever ravages Philadel- phia, carrying off five thousand, about twenty-two per cent, of those who remain in the city. 1794 The Legislature passes an act for raising soldiers for the defense of the river Delaware and of the western frontiers. Efforts toward laying out a town at Presque Isle, and machina- tions of British agents lead to troubles with the Indians. The "Whisky Insurrection" breaks out and is suppressed. 1795 All difficulties having been removed, the towns of Presque Isle and Le Bceuf are laid out. Excitement in Philadelphia over the terms of the treaty with Great Britain, commonly called "Jay's." In expectation that Philadelphia would continue to be the Capital of the Nation, the Legislature erects a building on Ninth Street for the official residence of the President. It afterwards became the property of the University of Pennsylvania. 1796 General Anthony Wayne's return from his successful campaign against the Western Indians is welcomed with great enthusiasm. Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike completed. The first gaslights ever seen in America are exhibited in Philadelphia. PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 29 1797 Owing to the prospect of a war with France, Governor Mifflin addresses a circular letter to the officers of the militia, requesting their assistance in preparing for hostilities. Much enthusiasm is aroused. Philadelphia merchants take steps for building vessels of war to be loaned to the government. 1798 The imposition of the so-called " house-ta.x'' provokes resistance in Lehigh, Berks, North- ampton, and portions of Bucks and Montgomery Counties. 1799 Lancaster is selected to be the Capital of the State. Pennsvlvania, is elected Governor. Thomas M'Kean, Chief Justice of VIEW IN THE DLLAWAKK WATER GAP. 1800-1810 Much political excitement over Governor M'Kean's election (1800). Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce founded. The Pennsylvania Bank occupies its building on Second Street, above Walnut, in Philadelphia (1801). First law for the free education of the children of the poor 11802). First comparison of Pennsylvania to the Keystone of an arch occurs in the address of the Democratic Committee for 1803. Judges of Supreme Court impeached, but acquitted ( 1803). Establishment of first line of coaches from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, via Lancaster, Harrisburg, Carlisle, Shippensburg, Bedford, Somerset, and Greensburg (1804). Project of revising State Constitution started; those favoring revision are known as " Constitutionalists," those opposing call themselves "Friends of the People" (1805). Efforts toward the propul- sion of the first land carriage ever moved by steam is made by Oliver Evans in Philadelphia 30 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. (1807). First railroad in America is built in Ridley Township, Delaware County. Simon Snyder elected Governor (1808). A line of telegraphs from Philadelphia to Reedy Island, at the head of the Delaware Bay, is established (1809). 1810-1820 War being anticipated with either England or France, volunteer organizations form. The Pennsylvania House of Representatives pass a resolution approving the measures of the WASHINGTON'S RESIDENCE. National Administration, and denouncing the conduct of France and England ; also, a reso- lution that no British precedent should be read or quoted in courts of justice, or any British decision made after July 4, 1776, except those upon m.aritime law and the law of nations. An act is passed for the removal of the seat of State government to Harrisburg (1810). War with England being imminent, much activity in military movements and exercises prevails (181 1). Governor Snyder calls for Pennsylvania's quota of fourteen thousand men. The Legislature begins'its sessions in Harrisburg. British and Indians having appeared on the shore of Lake Erie, opposite Erie, orders are issued for the organization of the sixteenth division of the Penn- sylvania militia under General Kelso. The Legislature passes an act for an additional monthly allowance to be made to the militia. Gunboats and privateers are built and fitted out in Philadelphia. The defenses of the Delaware River and of Lake Erie are put in order (1812). The Delaware is blockaded by a British fleet. The Legislature tenders the thanks of the government and votes a gold medal to Captain Oliver Hazard Perry, for his success in the battle of Lake Erie (1813). In consequence of British depredations on the shores of the Chesapeake, the burning of the National Capitol, etc., fresh requisitions are made for troops and promptly responded to. Governor Snyder issues a stirring appeal to arms. Camps are established at Marcus Hook, on the Delaware, and at York (1814). Peace with Great Britain. Pennsylvania presents her gallant son, Captain Charles Stewart, of the frigate "Constitution," a gold-hilted sword, for his bravery and skill in capturing the British ships of war "Cyane" PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. and " Levant" (1815). William Findlay, of Franklin County, elected Governor. Com- missioners of Pennsylvania and Maryland meet to examine the river Susquehanna, and consider means best adapted to improve its navigation. They report against continuing the canal system adopted at Conewago, but recommend the removal of certain obstruc- tions in the river at the different rapids as far up as Northumberland (1817). Governor Fmdlay lays before the Legislature an exten- sive system of internal improvements, the main feature being the improvement of the navigation of the principal rivers, with their tributary streams, within the jurisdiction of the State as far up and as near their sources as possible, then connecting the head-waters of these streams by short portages. The anthracite coal trade, hitherto hampered by want of facilities for reaching a market, be- gins to assume importance. The City and INDEPENDENCE HALL. County of Philadelphia erected into the " First School District of Pennsylvania" (1818). CHRIST CHURCH. 1820-1830 General Joseph Heister, of Berks County, an officer of the Revolution, succeeds Governor Findlay (1820). The Legislature charters a number of canal and turnpike companies, and authorizes State subscriptions to the same. The subject of education largely occupies the at- tention of the people (1821). The City and County of Lancaster erected into the " Second School District." The Legislature meets for the first time in the new Capitol at Harrisburg (1822). John Andrew Shulze, of Lebanon County, elected Governor. President Monroe having made his celebrated declaration since known as the " Monroe Doctrine,'' Pennsylvania warmly in- dorses it {1823). The Schuylkill Canal com- pleted. The question of calling a convention to revise the Constitution ordered to be submitted at the next general election. The L^nion Canal linished (1825). Governor Shulze opposes the loan of a million of dollars for internal improve- ments authorized by the Legislature. He is, however, obliged to yield (1826). A railroad nine miles in length, the longest in America, is constructed from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines (1827). George Wolf, of Northampton County, chosen Governor (1829). 32 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 1830-1840 Anti-Masonic party becomes prominent in State politics. The Legislature provides for raising a school fund by taxation (1831). A bill embodying the best features of the school systems of other States is passed with great unanimity by the Legislature. An act is passed for VIEW ON THE SUSQUEHANNA OPPOSITE CATAWISSA. submitting the question of calling a convention to revise the Constitution. The proposal is approved at the general election by a vote of 87,570 to 73,166 (1834). Joseph Ritner, of Westmoreland County, elected Governor (1835). The United States Bank of Pennsylvania is chartered, with a capital of $35,000,000. It purchases the assets and assumes the liabilities of the second Bank of the United States, whose charter had expired, and continues business under the same roof. An act for holding a convention to revise the Constitution passed (1836). Convention meets at Harrisburg, May 2, 1837, John Sergeant, President; adjourns in July, and meets again in October ; moves to Philadelphia m December, and adjourns February 22, 1838. Amendments proposed ratified at the general election by a vote of 113,971 to 112,759. David R. Porter, of Huntingdon, elected Governor over Governor Ritner in a hotly contested canvass. The defeated party issues an address advising their friends "to treat the election as if it had not been held." Out of the excitement resulting from the election, and the subse- quent efforts of the opposing parties to obtain control of the Legislature, grows what is known as the " Insurrection at Harrisburg ;" or, more commonly, as " The Buckshot War" (1839). 1840-1850 The financial reaction of 1837 continues (1840). The United States Bank of Pennsyl- vania fails. All banks suspend specie payment. The Legislature passes an act permitting PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. suspended banks to issue small notes of $l.oo, $2.00, and $3.00 denomination ; these are called " relief notes'' (1841). A few city banks resume, but the country banks generally remain in a state of suspension. The State defaults on part of the interest due on her stocks, and her credit suffers (1842). "American Republican Associations" organize to advo- cate reform in naturalization laws, the elec- tion or appointment to office of native Americans only, etc. Serious riots in Phil- adelphia result from the operation of these societies, requiring the city to be placed under martial law. Francis R. Shunk elected Governor (1844). War with Mex- ico being declared, the President calls on Pennsylvania for six regiments of volun- teer infantry, to be held in readiness to serve for twelve months or for the war. Within thirty days ninety companies, enough for nine regiments, offer their ser- vices. The first regiment, composed of si.x companies from Philadelphia, one from Pottsville, one from Wilkesbarre, and two from Pittsburgh, is mustered into the United States service at Pittsburgh, under command of Colonel Wynkoop (1846). The second regiment, composed of one company from Philadelphia, one from Reading, one from Mauch Chunk, one from Harrisburg, one from Danville, two from Cambria County, one from Westmoreland County, one from Fayette County, and one from ■^%594 40,383 15,100 i>358 9.299 5,000 — 71,000 1,066 4,484 7,062 4,458 934 25,042— 43,046 17,876 9.876 16,094 7.675 26,567 10,651 2 974 — 91,704 9.645 9,133 6,675 387— 25,840 362,28,1 The 25,000 Militia in service in September, 1862, are not included in the above statement. 41 42 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN PENNSYLVANIA. University of Pennsylvania Dickinson College Tefferson College Washington College Allegheny College Western University ; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania College Gettysburg Lutheran.... Lafayette College i Easton Presbyterian Girard College ' Philadelphia Haverford Coliecje ' Haverford...: Friends LOCATIOX. DENOMINATION. I Founded, Philadelphia | Carlisle \ Methodist Cannonsburg ' Presbyterian (O. S.). Washington Presbyterian (O. S. ). Meadville Methodist St. Vincent's College Lewisburg University St Joseph's College Franklin and Marshall College Polytechnic College Agricultural College Pittsburgh Female College Missionary Institute i Selinsgrove Lutheran Susquehanna Female College Selinsgrove Lutheran Swarthmore College West Dale Friends.. Muhlenberg College Allentown Lutheran Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania Military Academy ; Chester Latrobe Catholic Lewisburg Baptist Susquehanna County Catholic , Lancaster Geniian Reformed.. Philadelphia '• , Centre County •.... Pittsburgh Methodist 749 783 802 806 S17 819 832 832 833 833 846 849 852 853 853 854 855 858 859 I 866 ! 867 867 I 863 ' THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS IN PENNSYLVANIA. NAME. LOCATION. DENOMINATION. I Founded. Jefferson Theological School Moravian Theological Seminary Seminary of the General Synod German Reformed Theological Seminary Western Theological Seminary Allegheny City Theological Seminary Theological Seminary Theological Seminary of St. Charles Borromeo.. -St. Michael's Theological .Seminary St. Vincent's Abbey Western Tlieological School Theological Department Lewisburg University.. Theological .Seminary Biblical Department Allegheny College Theological Department Missionary Institute — Divinity Sch<)ol of Protestant Episco[)al Chuich. Theological Seminary Cannonsburg Bethlehem Gettysburg Mercersburg Allegheny City Allegheny City Pittsburgh Philadelphia Near Pittsburgh Westmoreland County. Meadville Ixwisburg Allegheny City Meadville .Selinsgrove Philadelphia Philadelphia Presbyterian Moravian Lutheran German Reformed.. Presbyterian (O.S.). United Presbyterian. Associate Reform... Roman Catholic Roman Catholic Roman Catholic Unitarian Baptist Refcjrmed Presbyt'n Methodist Lutheran Episcopal Evangel. Lutheran.. 1802 1807 1825 1825 1825 1825 1828 1835 1843 1846 1847 185s 1856 1858 1859 1861 1864 LAW SCHOOL. Law Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia. Founded. . 1850 MEDICAL SCHOOLS OF PENNSYLVANIA. Founded. Medical Department University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 1764 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy " Jefferson Medical College " Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania " Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery " Women's Medical College '' Eclectic Medical College " Hahnemann Medical College " Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery •' Philadelphia Dental College " 1821 1824 1846 1847 1849 1850 1853 1856 186-, PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 43 GOVERNMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1882. Go7'ernor. — Henry M. Hovt. Lieutenant-Goveriio?-. — Charles \V. Stone. Auditor-General. — John A. Lemon. Secretary of l7tternal Affairs. — A. K. Dunkel. State Treasurer. — Silas M. Baily. Attorney-Genera/. — Henry W. Palmer. Secretary of the Commonwealth. — Matthew S. Quay ; Deputy Secretary, J. R. McAfee. Superintendent of Public Instruction. — Rev. E. E. Higbee. Major- Gefteral commanding the National Guard. — John F. Hartranft. Brigadiers. — i. George R. Snowden, Philadelphia; 2. James A. Beaver, Bellefonte ; 3 Joseph K. Sigfried, Pottsville. Commissioners of Public Charities. — Mahlon H. Dickinson, of Philadelphia, President George Bullock, of Montgomery ; Lewis Peterson, Jr., John W. Chalfant, of Allegheny James S. Biddle, of Philadelphia ; W. H. H. Davis, of Bucks ; Thomas Beaver, of Montour tieneral Agent and Secretary, Dr. Diller Luther, of Berks. Board of Pardons. — C. \V. Stone, Lieutenant-Governor; M. S. Quay, Secretary of the Commonwealth; H. W. Palmer, Attorney-General; Aaron K. Dunkel, Secretary of Internal Affairs. Recorder, Chester W. Farr ; Clerk, W. B. Kelley. Commissioners of Fisheries. — H. J. Reeder, of Northampton; B. L. Hewitt, of Blair; James Duffy, of Lancaster; Robert Dalzell, of Allegheny; John Hummel, of Snyder; Gar- rick Mallery Miller, of Luzerne. Commissioner of Insurance. — J. M. Forster. Commissioner of Labor Statistics. — Miles S. Humphreys, of Allegheny. SUPREME COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA. Court-Room and Clerk's Office, New City Hall, Philadelphia. Chief Justice. — George Sharswood. Associate fustices. — Ulysses Mercur, Isaac G. Gordon, Edward M. Paxson, Henry Green, John Trunkey, James P. Sterrett. Prothonotary, Eastern District. — Charles S. Greene, Philadelphia. Middle District. — R. Snodgrass, Harrisburg. Western District. — J. B. Sweitzer, Pittsburgh. Northern District. — J. A. J. Cummings, Sunbury. OFFICERS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE. President of the Se7iate. — Charles W. .Stone, Lieutenant-t Governor. President pro tempore. — Hugh McNeil, of Allegheny. Chief Clerk. — Thom.\s B. Cochr.w. Speaker of the House of Rep7-csentativcs. — Benjamin L. Hewitt, of Blair. Chief Clerk. — Henry Huhn, of Philadelphia. . GOVERNORS OF THE COLONIES ON THE DELAWARE, OF THE PROV- INCE, AND OF THE COMMONWEALTH. GOVERNORS OK NEW NETHERLANDS AND OF THE GOVERNORS OF THE SWEDES ON THE DELAWARE. DUTCH ON THE DELAWARE Peter Minuit Wouter Van T wilier Sir William Kieft . Peter Stuyvesant Peter Minuit 1 624-1 632 Peter Hollondare 1 633- 1 638 John Printz 1 638- 1 647 John Papegoya . 1647-1664 I John Claudus Rysinge 1638- I 64 I 1641-1643 1643-1653 1653-1654 1654-1655 (Captured by Peter Stuyvesant, 1655.) DOMINION OF THE DUTCH. Peter Stuyvesant, Governor of New Netherlands and of the settlements on the Delaware . 1655-1664 Andreas Hudde, Commissary ............ 1655-1657 John Paul Jacquet 1655-1657 (The Colony divided into that of the City and Company, 1657.) . 1657-1659 j Goeran Van Dyke . 1659-1662 William Beekman COLONY OF THE CITY. Jacob Alricks .... Alexander D'Hinoyossa William Beekman .......... Alexander D'Hinoyossa ......... (Settlements captured by the English, 1664. COLONY OF THE COMPANY. 1657-1658 1658-1662 I 663- I 664 I 663- I 664 DOMINION OF THE DUKE OF YORK. Colonel Richard NicoUs, Governor ........... 1664-1667 Robert Carr, Deputy Governor ............ 1664-1007 Colonel Francis Lovelace ............. 1667-1673 (Colonies captured by the Dutch, 1673.) DOMINION OF THE DUTCH. Anthony Colvo, Governor of New Netherlands ......... 1673-1674 Peter Alricks, Deputy Governor of the Colonies on the west side of the Delaware . . 1673-1074 (Colonies recaptured by the English, 1674.) DOMINION OF THE ENGLISH. Sir Edmund Andross . 44 1 674-1 68 1 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. 45 PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT. ounties J William Penn, Proprietary ....... William Markham, Deputy Governor . . . William Penn, Proprietary ....... The Council (Thomas Lloyd, President) .... 1. Thomas Lloyd, \ 2. Robert Turner, / 3. Arthur Cook, ) Five Commissioners appointed by Penn 4. John Symcock, \ 5. John Eckley, / Captain John Blackwell, Deinity Governor . The Council (Thomas Lloyd, President) Thomas Lloyd, Deputy Governor of Province William Markham, Deputy Governor of Lower Crown of England ..... Benjamin Fletcher, Governor of New York, Gov William Markham, Lieutenant-Governor . William Penn, Proprietary .... William Markham, Deputy Governor Andrew Hamilton, Deputy Governor (died) The Council (Edward Shippen, President) John Evans, Deputy Governor . Charles Gookin, Deputy Gcrvernor Sir William Keith, Deputy Governor Patrick Gordon, Deputy Governor The Council (James Logan, President) George Thomas, Deputy Governor . (John Penn died, 1746; Richard Penn died, i Penn, become sole Proprietaries, 1746-1776 George Thomas, Deputy Governor The Council (Anthony Palmer, President) James Hamilton, Deputy Governor . Robert Hunter Morris, Deputy Governor William Denny, Deputy Governor James Hamilton, Deputy Governor John Penn (son of Richard Penn), Lieutenant-C The Council (James Hamilton, President) Richard Penn (brother of John Penn), Lieutenant-Governor John Penn, Lieutenant-Governor ..... . 1681-1693 June. i68i-Oct., 1682 Oct., 1682-June, 1684 June, 1684-Feb., 1688 771; when John Penn, h . Feb., i688-I)ec., 1688 . Dec, 1688-Jan., 1690 . Jan., 1690-March, 1691 March, 1691-April, 1693 • 1 693-1 695 April, 1693-March, 1695 April, 1693-March, 1695 1695-1718 March, 1695-Dec., 1699 . Nov., 1701-April, 1703 . April, 1703-Feb., 1704 . Feb., 1704-Feb., 1706 . Feb., 1709-May, 17 1 7 May, 1717-July, 1 7 18 . Aug., 1726-Aug., 1738 . Aug., 1736-Aug., 1738 . Aug., 1738-May, 1746 is son, together with Thomas . May, 1746-May, 1748 May, 1746-May, 1747 . Nov., 1748-Oct., 1754 . Oct., 1754-Aug., 1756 . Aug., 1756-Oct., 1759 . Oct., 1759-N0V., 1763 . Nov., 1763-April, 1771 . April, 1771-Oct., 1771 Oct., 1771-Sept., 1773 . Sept., 1773-Sept., 1776 IN THE REVOLUTION. The Committee of Safety (Hcniamin Franklin, Chairman) Sept.. 1776-March, 1777 PRESIDENTS OF THE SUPREME EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. Thomas Wharton, Jr. .......... March 5, 1777-M.iy 23, 1778 CJcotge Bryan, Vice-President, acting [vice President Wharton, deceased) . May 23, 1778-Dec. 22, 177^ Joseph Reed Dec. 22, 1778-Nov. 15, 1781 William Moore Nov. 15, 1781-Nov. 7, 1782 John Dickinson . . . • Nov. 7, l782-()cl. iS, 1785 Benjamin Franklin Oct. 18, 1785-Nov. 5. 1788 Thomas Mifflin Nov. 5, 1788-Dec. 2i, 1790 46 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. VICE-PRESIDENTS. George Biyan (resigned) . Matthew Smith (resigned) . William Moore . James Potter James Evving James Irvine (resigned) Charles Biddle . Peter Muhlenl^erg (resigned) David Redick . George Ross . March 5, 1777-Oct. II, 1779 . Oct. II, 1779-Nnv. 15, 1779 Nov. 15, 1779- Nov. 15, 1781 . Nov. 15, 1781-N0V. 7, 1782 . Nov. 7, 1782-N0V. 6, 1784 . Nov. 6, 1784-Oct. 10, 1785 . Oct. 10, 1785-Oct. 31, 1787 . Oct. 31, 1787-Oct. 14, 178S . Oct. 14, 17S8-N0V. 5, 1788 ." Nov. 5, 1788-Dec. 21, 1790 GOVERNORS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1790. Thomas MifBin . Thomas M'Kean Simon Snyder . William Findlay Joseph Hi ester . John Andrew Shul George Wolf Joseph Ritner . . Dec. 21, 1790-Dec. 17, 1799 . Dec. 17, 1799-Dec. 20, 1808 . Dec. 20, 1808-Dec. 16, 1 81 7 . Dec. 16, 1817-Dec. 19, 1820 . Dec. 19, 1820-Dec. 16, 1S23 . Dec. 16, 1823-Dec. 15, 1829 . Dec. 15, 1829-Dec. 15, 1835 . Dec. 15. 1835-Jan. 15, 1839 GOVERNORS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1838. David Rittenhonse Porter . Francis Rawn Shunk . William Freame Johnston [7 9 786 778 682 730 741 751 74S 738 766 772 782 782 769 764 784 785 783 767 765 849 790 795 796 796 826 780 795 804 803 791 795 795 803 795 795 805 830 S07 807 806 805 805 * Chester, Bucks, and Philadelphia were the three original counties established at the first settlement of the Province of Pennsvlvania. f In 1785 part of the purchase of 1784 was added to Westmoreland. 47 PENNSYLVANIA CHRONOLOGY FOR TWO HUNDRED YEARS. ORGANIZATION OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS.— Continued. COUNTIES. FROM WHAT FORMED. WHEN FORMED. Bradford* Luzerne and Lycoming Feb. 21, Susquehanna Luzerne \ Feb. 21, Schuylkill Berks and Norlhampton March 11, Lehigh Northampton March 6, Lelianon Dau]ihin and Lancaster 'Feb. 16, Columbi.t Northumberland March 22, Union Northumberland March 22, Pike Wayne March 26, Perry Cumberland March 22, Juniata Mifflin.. March 2, Monroe Northampton and Pike April i, Clarion Venango and Armstrong March 11, Clinton I Lycoming and Centre June 21, Wyoming ' Luzerne April 4, Carbon Northampton and Monroe March 13, Elk Jefferson, Clearfield, and McKean April 18, Blair Huntingdon and Bedford Feb. 26, Sullivan Lycoming March 15, Forestf Jefferson and Venango April 11, Fulton Bedford April 19, Lawrence Beaver and Mercer March 25, Montour Columbia May 30, Snyder Union March 2, Cameron Clinton, Elk, McKean, and Potter March 29, Lackawanna Luzerne 810 810 8u 812 813 813 813 814 826 831 836 839 839 842 843 843 846 847 848 850 850 850 855 860 COUNTY TOWNS. Towanda Montrose Pottsville Allentown Lebanon Bloomsburg I^ewisburg Milford New Bloomfield, Mifflintown Stroudsburg Clarion Lock Haven Tunkhannock..., Mauch Chunk... Ridgway , Hollidaysburg... Lapoite Tionesta McConnellsburg New Castle - Danville Middleburg , Emporium Scranton , ►J 1812 181I 1816 1751 1750 1802 1785 1800 1822 179I 1806 1839 1833 1790 1815 1833 1812 1850 1852 1786 1802 1790 1800 1861 1840 * Previous to March 24, 1812, this county was called Ontario; but its name was changed to Brad- ford on that day. t Part of Venango added l)y act approved October 31, 1866. JAMES S. EARLE & SONS. No. 816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa., IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN Oil Paiiitiep, \wm\ Water Colors, EtcMiip, etc, ef. THE CHOICEST PIOTUEE-FEAMES OF ORIGINAL AND ELEGANT DESIGN. ROGERS'S CROUPS, Sole Agency. WILLIAM A. DROWN & CO.. MANUFACTURERS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, NO. 246 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA. — SALESROOMS: Sole 9Ianufactarers of the " COI.XJMBIA " Fast Color Gingliam Umbrellas. 4®" Our goods are stamped on stick or handle, "DRO^A/N & CO., MAKERS'" ASSETS, First Month, 1st, 1882, $6,043,411.98. PROVIDENT LIFE & TRUST CO, OF PHILADELPHIA. IT IS A. STRONa COlMPAlSrY. In ad- dition to tlie usual aconmnlations of a life insu.r- ance company, it lias a capital of ^1,000,000. Of tliis, ^500,000 lias been paid np for a number of years, and tlie balance will be paid in install- ments during 1882 and 1883. Tbis is further aug- mented by a contingent fund of nearly ^400,000. The company therefore presents an additional se- curity of Sl,400,000. This Company is required by its charier to divide all the profits of the Insurance Department among the insured. The only advantage, direct or indirect, which the stockholders can at any time have from the union of the two features of the business, results from the fact that the management of trusts, from which they derive their profits, is done for them without charge. The accounts of the Insurance and Trust Departments are kept entirely distinct and separate. The advantages resulting from tlie peculiar or- ganization of this Company have never been at- tained in any other life insurance company. The union of its trust business with its insurance busi- ness secures to th^ latter the superior conditions of safety of the former. CAUTION. An attempt has bemi made to put so-called" Eleclro-Magnelic''' Brushes tipon the market,hut the Post-Office authoritiet at Washington have published the company as a fraud. We therefore caution the Public to be careful thai "Dr. Scott's name is on the box and "Electric" on the Brush. Ours is not wire, but a pure bristle Brush. DR. SGOTT^S SLKGTRIG HAIR BRUSH. A MARVELOUS SUCCESS!! (NOAV RECOMMENDED BY OUR BEST PHYSICIANS.) .^ *«j \ o ?- [From Rev. Dr. Bridgeman.] Bbookltn. ' ' Cents. : — I have never before given z. testimonial, but am willing to cn- coiuage the use of an honest remedy. I am so pleased %vith your Hair Brush that I deem it my duty to write you recommending it most cordially. My hair, about a year since, commenced falling out, and I was rapidly becoming bald ; but since using the Brush a thick growth of hair ha.^ made its appearance, quite equal to that which I had previous to its filling out. I have tried other remedies, but with no success. After this remarkable result I purchased one for mi wife, who has been a great suflerer from headache, shot take $1000 for my Brush If I could not replace it. Its effect is marvelous." PLINY P. SMITH, 218 Fulton St., N. Y. Mr. Smith is a gentleman well known in this City as a Law Publisher, and also as a Director in several Public Institutions of New York. Head Office "Domestic" Sewing Machine Co., New York. Dr. Geo. A. Scott — Dear Sir: Permit me to add the testimony of my wife to that of the many others who have been benefited by the use of your Electric Brusli. She has for years been a sufferer from Neuralgia in an acute form, but since I obtained for her one of your Brushes she has experienced entire relief. Please accept her sincere thanks. HENRY BARTLtTT. Which h.TS won its way to Royal favor in England, been cordially indorsed by the Prince and Princess of Wales, and written upon by the Rt. Hon. W. E. Gladstone, is now brought to the notice of the r^. American public. It cures by nntural means, will always do 0' good, never harm, and is a remedy lasting for many years. It 15 should be used daily in place of the ordinary Hair Brush. yf* The Brush Handle is made of a new odorless composition X. resembling ebony, a combination of substances PRO- yO DUCING A PERMANENT ELECTRO- ^ * MAGNETIC CURRENT WHICH ACTS IMMEDIATELY UPON THE HAIR GLANDS AND FOLLICLES. This i> power can always be tested by a silver compass Kf which accompanies each Brush. It is Warranted to Cure Nen nns llfadaclieinSininBtes!! f li re Biliniis lleailiiclie ill 5 minnt^s ! t Cnre Senri ilyia in 5 minntes ! ! Trev ent Falling Hair and Baldness ! ! Cure Pan drnff&Diseasesoftlie Scalp! ! rromptlvArrfstsPrematnreCrayness!! Makes llie lliiir Crow Long & Clossy ! ! liiinicdialdySnotliesflieyfary Brain! ! Money Efturned if not as represented ! ! AIL deaiers are authorized to refund the price if not as represented. IT RARELY FAILS TO PRODUCE A RAPID GROWTH OF HAIR ON BALD HEADS, WHERE THE GLANDS AND FOLLICLES ARE NOT TOTALLY DESTROYED. ^ CD OP CD I O ^o. a Over 7000 similar Teslimoniah he seen at our office. ASK FOR. ;DR. SCOTT'S TARE NO OTHER. See that name is on the'box. A BEAUTIFUL BRUSH, foY^^^JS. We will send it on trial, postpaid, on receipt of $3.00, which will be returned if not as represented. Inclose 10 cents extra and we guarantee safe delivery into your hands ; or will send it by express, C. t). D., at your expense, with privilege of opening ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and examining. But expressage adds considerably to your cost. Or request ^^■"^^^"^^^^"^^^"""^^ vour nearest Uruggist or Fancv Store to obtain one for you, and be sure Dr. Me ntion this Book. Scotfs name is on the Box. MONEY RETURNED IF NOT AS REPRESENTED. As soon as you receive the Brush, if not well satisfied with your bargain, write us and we' will return the money. What can be fairer? The Proprietors of this Publication know Dr. Scott to be respectable and trustworthy. A Brush has been placed in the hands of Mayor Cooper and Postmaster James, of New York, as a guarantee of good faith. Remittances should be made payable to GEO. A. SCOTT, S4ti Broadway, New York. They can be madejin Checks, Drafts, Post-Office Orders, Currency, or Stamps. Liberal Discouht to the Tbadb. Agents Wanted in every Town. Send for Circular of our Dr. Scott's ^Electric FleshJBrush. THE EMMTEE nm m m deposit coiifhii Capital - - - $x,ooo,ooo. 316, 318, and 320 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Chartered by Special Act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, for the Safe-keeping of Valuables, Renting of Safes in its Burglar-proof Vaults, Receiving of Deposits of Money at Interest, the Collection of Interest or Income, the Execution of all manner of Trusts, the Management and Settling of Estates, as Executor, Administrator, Assignee, Receiver, Guardian, Trustee, Agent, or Attorney, etc., etc. THOMAS COCHRAN, EDWARD C. KNIGHT, JNO. S. BROWN, JOHN JAY GILROY, President. Vice-President. Treasurer. Secretary. THOMAS COCHRAN, THOMAS MACKELLAR, W. ROTCH WISTER, EDWARD C. KNIGHT, JOHN J. STADIGER, ALFRED FITLER, J. BARI-OW MOORHEAD, CLAYION FRENCH, DANIEL DONOyAN, CHARLES S. PANCOAST, JOHN S. BROWN, CHARLES S. HINCHMAN. WILLIAM J. HOWARD, r E. A. ROLLINS, President. H. M. LUTZ, Cashier. Centennial National Bank • OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA. CAPITAL . . . $300,000 SURPLUS . . . $80,000 DESIGNATED DEPOSITORY OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. t-^=» X) I E, IE C T o la S - '^=^-^ Hon. E. A. ROLLINS. CLARENCE H. CLARK. JOSEPH J. MARTIN. GEORGE F. TYLER. CHAS. E. PUGH. JAMES P. SCOTT. Favorable arrangements made with interior banks and bankers for active accounts, and correspondence solicited in reference to the same. Collections received from tran- sient customers. Safe Deposit Boxes in Fire and Burglar- Proof Vaults are offered at an annual rental of $10.00 to $50.00 each, according to the size. The main vault, with its modern improvements and safeguards, besides its lining of five heavy alternate plates of iron and steel, is of most approved material and workman- ship. Its double doors are duplicates of those exhibited and used by Farrel & Co. at the International Exhibition, and its private safes or boxes are those which they there exhib- ited and displayed. Private rooms are provided for the use of safe deposit renters. 4 THE Philadelphia ^^^Peading p.p. Jlxpress IN CONNECTION AVITH THE DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA AND WESTERN EXPRESS CO., AND THE New York and Boston Despatch Express Company, REPRESENT IN PHILADELPHIA, NEW YORK, AND BOSTON TflE Baltimore and Ohio Express, Ohio and Mississippi Express, Marietta and Cincinnati Express, The Pacific Express, AND ^^ELLS, F^RGO & CO. (Territory East of the Rocky Mountains.) These lines are operated under an arrangement which is equivalent to consolidation. Through manifests are issued from New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Wash- ington, D. C, to Ogden, Utah, Galveston, Texas, and all prominent intermediate points, and goods forwarded on fast express trains only. Particular attention is paid to the transmission of money, jewelry, and valuable packages. The attention of merchants, manufacturers, and general shippers is called to the superior facilities offered. Information as to rates, etc., will be promptly furnished upon application to JOHN ^W. ROYBR, General Express Agent, No. 624 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. FIVE VALUABLE WORKS OF REFERENCE. Indispensable for every Library, School, OfSce, Counting-Room, and Family. LippiNcoTT's Gazetteer of the World. A Complete Pronouncing Gazetteer or (jeograpliical Dictionary of tlie f orM, CONTAINING NOTICES OF OVER ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND PLACES, With Recent and Authentic Information respecting the Countries, Islands, Rivers, Mountains, Cities, Towns, etc., in every portion' of the Globe; also the Census for 1880. NEW EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED, ENTIRELY RECONSTRUCTED. AND GREATLY ENLARGED One Volume, Imperial Octavo. Emhmciiif/ 2478 Vuqi's. Boun'1 in Librari/ Sheep, $10.00; Half Turkei/, mia.UO; Half Jia.ssi'i, $ 12.00. WORCESTER'S QUARTO DICTIONARY. THE NEW EDITION, WITH SUPPLEMENT, Embraces 204 Additional Pages, and Contains over 12,500 New Words, and a Vocab- ulary of Synonymes of Words in General Use. Forming a Large, Handsome Volume of 2058 Quarto Pages, containing considerably more than 115,000 'Words in its 'Vocabulary, with their Correct Pronunciation. Definition, and Etymology; to which are appended Articles, Lists, and Tables containing much Valuable Kindred Information. Fully Illustrated and TInahridged, u-ifh Four Full-poffe Illuminated Plates. Library/ Sheep, JUarhled Edges, $10.00. And in a Farietg of Fine Bindings, LIPPINCOTT'S Biographical Dictionary. Lippincott's Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology Contains Memoirs of the Eminent Persons of all Ages and Countries, and Accounts of the Various Subjects of the Norse, Hindoo, and Classic Mythologies, with the Pronunciation of their Names in the Different Languages in which they Occur. By J-. TSIOlVnj^S, J^.li/L., IMI.ID. Complete in One Volume, Imperial Svo, of 2345 Pages, Bound in Sh>-ep, $10.00. Complete in Two Volumes, Imperial Svo, Toned Paper. Price per volume: Fine Cloth, $9.00; Sheep, $ 10.00 : Ualf Turltey, $12.00; Half Calf, $12.00, The READER'S Handbook Of Alius ions f References, Plots. FactSf and Stories. WITH TIJVO AI»I»EI«DICES. BIT THE S,E"V". E. C O B H .A. livdl BI^E'WEI^, XjXj.HD., Author of "Dictionary of Phrase and Fable," "A Guide to Science," etc. Crown Svo. 1184 pages, Half Morocco, Gilt Top, $3,50; Sheep, $4.00; Half Russia, $5.00, Words, Facts, and Phrases. A Dictionary of Curious, Quaint, and Out-of-the-Way Matters. By EI.IE2JER EDWARDS. Large ISmo. Half IVEorocco, sBS.SO; Half Russia, S4.00. ***For sale by Booksellers generally, or will be sent, transportation free, upon receipt of price by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 71S and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia. 6 THE RECORD, OF PHII^ADEI^PHIA. The Cheapest and Largest Daily Independent Newspaper IT PUBLISHES A PULL REPOUT OF ASSOCIATED PRESS NEWS. It Publishes Complete and Accurate Market Reports. Its General News and Enterprising Specialties make it a Valuable Paper for any Locality. PRICE, ^3.00 A l^EATt, FREE OF POSTAGE. Sent on trial one month for 25 cents. Thirty-two columns for ONE CENT. Present circulation averages over 100,000 copies daily. Specimen copies Sent Free to any address. THE RECORD, S. "W. Cor. Third and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. VISITINO PHILA^DHILT^HIA. WILL ALWAYS FIND DRY GOODS, AT WE THINK THE Lowest Prices of any Souse in the Country, —AT— One Call Will Convince You. G^B. P. DCIVGSS.^ 7 The United States Mail BRIIVGS OCm^ OT"^NOr TO EVERY OUR OttU O I vJKCl MAN'S door: PEDIGREE GARDEN SEEDS. Profitable Gardening depends first of all upon procuring SEEDS of VITALITY and PURITY. Such can be had from OUR ESTABLISHMENT. We ever have been the oldest and most exten- sive American SEED GROWERS AND SEED MERCHANTS. Every individual who favors us with his order can rely upon being supplied upon most liberal terms. Send for prices and catalogues, and get your Seeds by MAIL — it is easier and cheaper than going after them. We cordially invite all interested to visit and critically inspect our Seed Farms, feeling confident that the areas, varied soils and climates, systems of cultivation, drying houses, steam machinery, imple- ments and appurtenances generally, will demonstrate our ability to produce larger, more varied, and better stock than any other party in the Seed Trade. We have always been by far The Largest Producers of Garden Seeds in America. OUR FARMS do not exist upon paper, but can be found by any inquirer; and in the selection of stocks and systems of culture we have as a Firm the advantages of a century of experience. Our fai-ms are situated at BRISTOL, Bucks Co., Pa. MANITOWOC, Manitowoc Co., Wis. BURLINGTON, Burlington Co., N. J. MONASKON, Lancaster Co., Va. The whole comprising a total of I574 AcreS, owned, occupied, and cultivated by ourselves. Upon these lands we have applied in a single season ^20,000 worth of purchased fertilizers, a fact which exhibits the magnitude of our operations. THE STOCK SEEDS from which our crops are grown are produced on Bloomsdale, and under the daily scrutiny of the proprietors, are thoroughly culled of all departures from true types, and produce crops of such purity of strain as to warrant us in declaring that none are Superior and few Equal ! HORTICULTURAL REQUISITES. Stock Breeders, Farmers, Gardeners, or Florists desiring Tools or Appliances for the Field, Garden, or Hot House, will, upon application to us, be promptly furnished with Prices which, upon examination, will be found as low as those of other dealers. BOOKS--250 DISTINCT PUBLICATIONS upon the subjects of the Breeding and Management of Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Bees, and upon the Culture of Cotton, Tobacco, Roses, and Bedding Plants ; upon Irrigation, Drainage, Horticultural Architecture, Forestry — everything that a Gardener is interested in — at Publisliers' Prices— Postage Paid. Write for our Catalogues of Books, Bulbous Roots, Seeds, Tools, Garden Ornaments. Catalogues of Seeds in English, German, Swedish, and Spanish. No charge. DAVID LANDRETH & SONS, NEED OKOWERS, PM I LADE LP HI A. ON PAGE 25 IS GIVEN A VIEW OF BLOOMSDALE, LANDRETH & SONS' HOME FARM. Philadelphia ^*" Jieading Ji. Jl. DIRECT ROUTE FROM PHILADELPHIA PHCETSriXVILLE, POTTSTO'V^ISr, READING, POTTS"V^ir.LE, Xlie Coal Reg^ions of Sdiuylkill County. TO JJEW yOUK AITD THE plAST!! The Pioneer and Qnly Two-Hour Houte BETWEEN PHILADELPHIA AND NEW YORK, Making Connections by Rail and Sound Lines to all Prom- inent Points in the East. 9th and Green Streets. ") .FOUR DEPOTS T 3d and Berks Streets, \ —IN— \ 9th and Columbia Ave, ) PHILADELPHIA. ( 13th and Callowhill Sts^ TICKET OFFICES: 434:, 624, 836, and 1351 Chestnut St,, and at Depots, STATION IN NEW YORK, FOOT OF LIBERTY STREET. 9 Gas Fixtures. T'hmekmra^ Sons & Co.^ MANUFACTURERS, Make a Specialty of Furnishing Dwellings and Churches with Gas Fixtures, Adapted in Style and Finish to the Architecture and Interior Decorations. A Large and Fine Assortment of entirely New and Novel Designs of Crystal, Polished Brass, Gold, and Ecclesiastical Chandeliers, Brackets, Newel Lights, Coronas, etc, STORE, No. 718 CHESTNUT STREET; Manufactory, S. W. Corner Twelfth and Brown Streets, PHILADELPHIA, PA. AMERICAN LIFE PHILADELPHIA. Assets, January i, 1882 ..... $3,256,958.72 Liabilities 2,520,635.78 Surplus . . ." $736,322.94 0£0. ^W. HII.I., JOHN S. ^WII^SOIV, JPresideti 1. . Secretary, I Mkn Ja|0 A HIGH-CLASS WEEKLY FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, Has just entered upon its Third Volume with a very large and steadily-increasing circulation. It has won its way to the popular heart, no less by its instructive and entertaining con- tents than by the HIGH moral tone which characterizes every article that appears in its pages. Golden Days is a sixteen-page weekly, filled with stories, sketches of adventure, instructive matter, and everything that can interest, entertain, and benefit boys and girls. The whole aim and purpose of Golden Days, and which permeates every article that appears in its pages, is to teach children obedience, honesty, truthfulness, and a reverence for the Golden Rule as the true guide of life. Among its writers of Serial Stories are; Harry Castlenioii, Krank R. Stockton, Krankliii Calkins, Frank H. Converse, Elsie JUeisrIi Whittlesey, I>Irs. Christine Stephens, Fannie AVillianis, James Otis, Oliver Optic. The leading scientists, clergymen, and educators are en- gaged upon Golden Days. Its illustrations are profuse and in the highest style of art. Rev. D. P. Kidder, D.D., will give each week a lucid and scholary exposition of the International Sunday-school Lesson of the succeeding week. Pitzzledoin will perplex and delight the ingenious boys and girls, as it has in the past. The Letter Box will continue to dispense useful informa- tion, and to answer the queries and publish the Notices of Ex- change of our young friends. In short, Golden Days will stop at no expense to deserve, in a higher degree than ever before, the title that the discrimi- nating public have bestowed upon it — that of the " Prince of Juveniles." " Golden Days" in Monthly Parts. In response to a request from a large number of admirers of Golden Days, we have concluded to issue a monthly part for the benefit of those who prefer to purchase it in magazine form. SPECIMEN COPIES SENT FREE. In all the cities and large towns of the United States, Golden Days is for sale regularly every week by newsdealers and booksellers. Many persons, however, find it inconvenient to buy the paper from dealers. To any such it will be sent by mail, postage paid, at the following SUBSCRIPTION RATES, EITHER FOR THE WEEKLY OR MONTHLY PART: For one month $0.25 For two months .50 For three months .75 For four months i.oo For six months . 1.50 For one year . 3 00 Subscriptions can begin with any number. Back numbers supplied at the same rates. We pay all postage. Money should be sent to us either by Post-Office Order or Registered Letter, so as to provide as far as possible against its loss by mail. All communications, business or otherwise, must be ad- dressed to JAMES ELVERSON, Publisher of Golden Days, Philadelphia, Pa. A Good Opinion from Rev. G. F. Stro- briclgre. Pastor Eighteenth Street M. E. Church, New York City. Golden Days has been coming regularly to my house since its first number. It is always welcome. The children wait with impatience its weekly arrival, and even interrupt their meals to tear off its wrapper and scan its attractive pages. It is generously illustrated, and as to its reading matter, it is bright, breezy, instructive, and, best of all, pure. The most careful parent may dismiss anxiety while his happy child is absorbed in its columns. A feature that adds to the paper an especial value is a weekly discussion of the International Sunday-school Lesson. This is given in a pleasant narrative style by Rev. D. P. Kidder, D.D., for many years editor of the Sunday-School Advocate, and editor and writer of books for children. His widely-known name is a sufficient assurance that these lessons thus conducted will continue to be learned, clear, and interest- ing. Bishop 'Wiley, Atso of the Methodist Church, sends the following : I can heartily commend your paper for its beauty and purity and interest so far. It is certainly the best of its kind, and I hope you may be able fully to realize your ideal in furnishing a paper wholly free from " corrupting influences," "fresh, wholesome, and eagerly welcomed," and will be rewarded for your efforts by a wide circulation. From R.ev. 1,. !■. Horntoerger, Pastor Gethseviane Baptist Church, Philadelphia. I know of no paper published on this side of the Atlantic for the young comparable with Golden Days. While it is most interesting and entertaining, it is also most instructive and ennobling, and it is in the truest sense religious without professing to be. Every parent who appreciates his responsi- bilities, and is acquainted with your paper, must feel that he is your debtor. From my heart I wish that it might be a weekly visitor in every home in America where there are boys and girls ; its influence for good on the rising generation would be immeasurable. Feeling as I do, I never lose an opportunity in public or private to speak favorably of Golden Days. God prosper you in your noble work. From the "Baltimore Gazette." The remarkable success attained by Golden Days, the boys' and girls' periodical, published by Mr. James Elverson, Phila- delphia, is a most encouraging evidence that pure and health- ful literature is not incapable of attracting the eager interest of " Young America." Mr. Elverson seems, in fact, to have gauged the taste of the average child of our day with wonder- ful accuracy, as there appears to be but one opinion as to the universal popularity of this e.xcellent periodical. So far as parents are concerned, its success should be a matter for gen- eral congratulation, as scrupulous care is evidently observed in excluding from its pages everything that could be considered as in any way tending to vitiate the minds of the young. On the other hand, its contents are far superior in vividness of interest for the little ones to those sensational publications which are the source of so much anxiety to all who have children to educate. Golden Days, in fact, appears to have struck the golden mean in juvenile literature, and it affords us sincere pleasure to be able to chronicle its conspicuous popu- larity. From the " Methodist," :New York. James Elverson, Philadelphia, publishes a handsome, illus- trated, and interesting youth's paper called Golden Days. It should find a welcome in every Christian home for the young folks, for the reading is wholesome, and such literature should be encouraged by prompt subscriptions. If the youngsters catch a glimpse of it, they will find they need it as a recrea- tion after study-hours. II ¥lie ?Vlk(iel|)l|ik f)eI^odf kt. The Philadelphia Democrat was established in 1838, as a daily German newspaper, by Mr. L. A. Wottenweber. It has had considerable to do with the increase and the development of the German element of the population of Pennsylvania. The history of its growth is the record of German emigra- tion to, and the increase of German influence, social and political, in the United States, and especially in the city of Philadelphia and its immediate neighborhood. The Democrat began its life in an humble and unpretentious way. Its projector was knowing to the fact that the Germans were not likely to read English papers as readily as a journal printed in their own language. It was a small constituency to cultivate at the best, and yet the contemporaries of the Demo- crat, with a more general population to work upon, had to struggle for a circulation such as was calcu- lated to justify their existence. They all made slow progress. The political events of 1848 in Europe, and particularly in Germany, were immediately followed ty a great tidal wave of German emigration to our shores, and this influx continued with undiminished volume until the end of the civil war. The vast increase of the German people, and the part which they took in the great war, combined to give them a place of importance in the body politic. It was at the beginning of the revolutionary period in Europe, that the Democrat passed by purchase to the control and management of Mr. John S. Hoffman and Dr. E. Morwitz, who, under the firm-name of Hoffman & Morwitz, at once infused new life and vigor into it, and made it, what it is now, one of the leading and most influential newspapers in the United States. In point of ability, circulation, and business success, the Democrat is one of the most remarkable triumphs in the journalism of the countiy. Naturally, the Democrat when first started established itself in the midst of the German population ; but as the city increased in area and inhabitants there was no longer a German centre, for Germans were in all parts of Philadelphia. In view of this fact it came to be a matter of importance for the Democrat to establish its headquarters somewhere about the centre of the business portion of the city. And in this transaction was shown the success of the Democrat as a newspaper enterprise. Under these circum- stances the proprietors selected and purchased a most eligible site on Chestnut Street — that of the old Jones' Hotel. The extensive alterations necessary to make the hotel a suitable home for the Democrat almost amounted to rebuilding, and the result was the existence of a splendidly arranged and equipped newspaper establishment and printing-house, such as would compare favorably with anything of the kind in the country. The building, which is a substantial one, is five stories in height, has a fine front of fifty- five feet on Chestnut Street, and a depth of two hundred and forty-five feet through to Sansom Street. The removal of the Philadelphia Democrat to its new office building, Nos. 612 and 614 Chestnut Street, marked a new era in its history, for at this point it received a new and important impetus, both in the matter of circulation and of business patronage. In 1873, Mr. Hoffman retired, and left for Europe, leaving Dr. Morwitz in sole control. At that time the firm-name was changed to Morwitz & Co. The Democrat is to-day the leading German organ in the great Keystone State of Pennsylvania, one of the largest and oldest of the Eastern States, and one which from its inception was settled and influenced by Germans, from whom most of the Western States have received, and are still receiving, year by year their solid native immigration. From this source, or rather from these new sources, the circulation and business of the DEMOCRAT have been constantly and largely increased, until now the circulation and influence of the Philadelphia Democrat, in its various publications, — daily, weekly, Sunday, and otherwise, — are regarded and appreci- ated by the great public as those of the largest and most important of the German newspapers in the United States. WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE, OF PENNSYLVANIA. The Thirty-third Winter Session will open on Thursday, October 5, 1882, in the new college building. Clinical instruction is given in the Woman's Hospital, Pennsyl- vania, Wills, Philadelphia, and Orthopedic Hospitals, Spring Course of Lectures, Practical Demonstrations, and Winter Quizzes are free (except for expense of material) to all matriculants of the year. For further information, address RACHEL L. BODLEY, A.M., M.D., Nortli College Avenue and Twenty-first Street, PHIL. A DELPHI A. J. E. DITSON & CO., No. 1228 CHESTNUT ST., DEALERS IN Sheet Music and Music Books. Branch of the Boston House of 0. DITSON & GO. -^G-ENTS ir-OR- NOVELLO. EWER & CO.'S ENGLISH PUBLICATIONS. 1844. 1882. F. A HOYT & CO., MERCHANT TAILORING -.A.N D- BOYS' CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT. OUR STOCK OF FINE PIECE GOODS CANNOT BE SURPASSED. Assembly Buildings, CHESTNUT AND TENTH STREETS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. I THE PHILADELPHIA PRESS Is the foremost daily and weekly newspaper in the second largest city of the country, and throughout Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Southern New Jersey, and all the territory of which Philadelphia is the metropolis. The extraordinary progress and success of The Press during the past two years, and its great increase in circulation, are due to its unequaled enterprise in gathering the news from all quarters, to the variety and extent of its political, literary, and general correspondence, and to the fullness and accuracy of its intelli- gence in all departments of human activity and interest. The Press is an independent Republican newspaper, aiming to be a faithful and fearless exponent of the best thought and aspirations of the patriotic masses ; insisting that the will of the people shall be the guide of party action ; earnestly devoted to the cordial union of all sections on the basis of justice ; and steadfastly supporting equal rights, sound money, popular education, an untrammeled ballot, a fair count, free representation, and honest rule in State and National affairs. THE WEEKLY PRESS ' Is a large eight-page paper of fifty-six columns, carefully prepared with reference to the special wants of the farm and the fireside. Besides representing the choicest correspondence and other matter from the Daily" Press, together with a master- piece of fiction, it contains also a very full and thorough summary of the news of the week, which is expressly prepared for its columns, and which gives the reader at a glance all events of importance. It also has a special feature of great value, which is THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. This Department is under the special charge of a competent practical farmer, and is enriched by regular contributions from some of the most eminent agricultural writers in the country. TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS: The Philadelphia Press, Daily. . . . $8.75 a year, 75 cents a month. Sunday Edition ^2.00 a year. The Weekly Press 1-25 a year. Specimen copies sent free to any address. 14 PENNSYLVANIA jVLilitary jlcademy, OHESTEK/, I^EH^ItTA.. mnu 0E SHslnitltnit: Civil and Mining Engineering, Chemistry, Classics, and English. DEGREES CONFERRED. Col. THEO. HYATT, President, 15 JOS. C. GRUBB & CO., T12 MARKET ST., PHII.AI>ELiPHIA, Importers and Wholesale Dealers in ENGLISH, BELGIAN, and AMERICAN FIREARMS OF ALL KINDS. ^ .A-iMinsdiTJiisriTTonsr, sszooTinsro- t.a.oici_iE. HAMMERLESS AND OTHER BREECH-LOADING GUNS Of the following Celebrated Makers: WESTLEY RICHARDS & CO., Vv^. & C. SCOTT & SONS, J. P. CLABROUGH & BRO., C. G. BONEHILL, J. R. EVANS, A. WOODHILL, \A/'. RICHARDS, WM. MOORE & CO., €OL.T PATENT FIREAR9I MARfUFACTURIIVG COMPaW, PARKER BROS., E. REMINGTON «fc SONS. SUSraLE BREEOH-LO^DINa OUNS, MADE BY FOREHAND & WADSWORTH, J. RUPERTUS, THE CHAMPION SIDE AND TOP LEVER. •WIIsrOKCESTEIE?. [R^EIPE^^TIlSrO I?.Z:PX_iES. F. Wesson's Sporting, Target, and Gallery Rifles. Remington, Ballard, and Maynard Rifles. Quackenbush Air Pistols and Rifles. Flobert or Saloon Rifles. SMITH & WESSON'S AND COLT'S REVOLVERS. CANVAS SHOOTING SUITS. RUSSIAN DOGSKIN AND SHEEPSKIN GOATS. OIL-TANNED HORSEHIDE WATER-PROOF AND WIND-PROOF COATS AND SUITS. GLASS BALLS, CLAY PIGEONS, AND TRAPS. EUREKA DOG BISCUIT. GLOVER'S MANGE CURE. JAMES PURDY & SONS' AND OTHER LONDON MADE GUNS IMPORTED TO ORDER. J8S^ Send three-cent stamp for Illustrated Price-List. 16 1ENEWY0IIKLIFEIN5UHG0. Office, 34tO and 34S Broad-way, INew ^^oi-li. THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT, JANUARY 1, 1882, Amount of Net Cash Assets, January x, x88i. REVENUE ACCOUNT. Premiums $8,438,684.07 Less deferred premiums, January i, 1881 387,972.13— Interest and rents (including realized gains on real estate sold) 2,789,821 70 Less interest accrued January i, 1881 357)167.37— DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT. Losses by death, including reversionary additions to same $2 Endowments matured and discounted, including reversionary additions to same Annuities, dividends, and returned premiums on canceled policies ; 2 Total paid policy-holders f 5,091, 820.22 Taxes and reinsurances Commissions, brokerages, agency expenses, and physicians' fees i Oflice and law expenses, salaries, advertising, printing, etc .$4I,344,X20.85 ASSETS. Cash in bank, on hand, and in transit (since received) $\ Invested in U. S., New York City, and other stocks (market value, $19,315,306.20) 17 Real ,432 ,6^4-3 3— $10 .483,366.27 $5X,827,487.X2 013,203.32 564,924.96 513,691,94 224,772.24 001,027.59 379,860.21 — $6,697,480.26 *45>i30,oo6786 27i,5b».4i 216,531.42 state 4,486,506 62 Bonds and mortgages, first lien on real estate (buildings thereon insured for $16,940,000.00, and the policies assigned to the Company as additional collateral security) 18,215,030 Temporary loans (secured by stocks, market value, $2,883,577.50) 2,376,000, "Loans on existing policies (the reserve held by the Company on these policies amounts to 545,227 452,161 227,032 48,673 291,254 97 57 80 — $45,130,006.1 2,098,774-: $2,879,000) *Quarterfy and semi-annual premiums on existing policies, due subsequent to Jan. i, 1882 *Premiums on existing policies in course of transmission and collection (estimated reserve on these policies, $300,000, included in liabilities) Agents' balances Accrued interest on investments Jan. i, 1882 Excess of market value of securities over cost * A detailed schedule of these items will accompany the usual annual report filed with the Insurance Depart- ment of the State of New York. CASH ASSETS, Jan. i, 1882 ^47,228^81.64 Appropriated as follows : Adjusted losses, due subsequent to Jan. i, 1882 $361,544.70 Reported losses, awaiting proof, etc 187,439.98 Matured endowments, due and unpaid (claims not presented) 50,252.67 Annuities, due and unpaid (uncalled for) 2,965.35 Reserved for reinsurance on existing policies ; participating insurance at 4 per cent. Carlisle net premium ; non-participating at 5 per cent. Carlisle net premium 39,716,408.63 Reserved for contingent liabilities to Tontine Dividend Fund, over and above a 4 per cent, re- serve on existing policies of that class 2,054,244.03 Reserved for premiums paid in advance 28,889.67 $4 2 , 401.74 5 .o^ Divisible Surplus at 4 per cent 4,827,036.61 Estimated Surplus by the New York State Standard at 4/2 per cent,, over xo, 000, 000.00 From the undivided surplus of $4,827,036 the Board of Trustees has declared a reversionary dividend to participating policies in proportion to their contribution to surplus, available on settlement of next annual premiimi. Number of Policies in Force. Jan. I, 1878, 45,605. Jan. I, 1879, 45,005. Jan. I, 1880, 45,705. Jan. I, 1881, 48,548. Jan. I, 1882, 53.927- During tlie year 9941 policies have heeu issued, insuring $33,374,^81. Amount at Risk. Jan. I, 1878, $127,901,887. Jan. 1, 1879, 125.232,144. Jan. I, 1880, 127,417,763. Jan. I, 1881, 135,726,916. Jan. I, 1882, 151,760,824. Death Claims Paid. 1877, $1,638,128. 187S, 1,687,676. 1879, 1,569,854. 1880, 1,731,721. 1881, 2,013,203. Income from Interest. 1877, $1,867,457. 1878, 1,948,665. 1879, 2,033,650. 1880, 2,317,889. 1881, 2,432,654. Divisible Surplus at 4 per cent. Jan. I, 1878, $2,664,144 Jan. I, 1879, 2,811,436 Jan. I, 1880, 3,120,371 Jan. I, 1881, 4,295,096 Jan. I, 1882, 4,827,036 MoKkis Franklin, H. B. Claflin, Wm. H. Appleton, John M. Furman, William Barton, David Dows, William A. Booth, George A. Osgood, THEODORE M. BANTA, Cashier. D. O' DELL., Superintendent of Ageneie-s. CHARLES \A/RIGHT, M.D., 1 „..,.,. -,„■„, HENRY TUCK, M.D.; r Medical Bzaminers r TRUSTEES. Henry Bowers, LooMis L. White, Robert B. Collins, S. S. Fisher, MORRIS FRANKLIN, President. WILLIAM H. BEERS, Viee- President and Actuary. Chas. Wright, M.D., Alex. Studwell, Kdvvaru Martin, R Suydam Grant, John iVIairs, William H. Beers. Henry Tuck, M.D., MORE & VANUXEM, GENERAL AGENTS FOR PENNSYLVANIA. PHILADELPHIA OFFICE, No. 532 Walnut St. PITTSBURGH OFFICE, First National Bank Building, Cor. Fifth Ave. and Wood St. I ililFE l?MII:»..|iMJ pi OF P/-f/ L7iDELPH^/n7' • % .^2^ '^ ^ Dividends Annually. A PURELY COMPANY, 4^ W£/? 8,000,000 DOLLARS. Surplus Reifurned to Members, OVER 5,O00,d00 DOLLARS. L0SS;PS PAID, $5,600,00 o. Policies Nonforfeitable for Value. M m cy/l\o Samuel A. Bispham, Benjamin Coates, Stephen A. Caldwell, Thomas W. Davis, William C. Houston, Henry C. Howell, Frederic A. Hoyt, Joseph B. Hodgson, Howard Hinchman, BOARD OF XR.USTEES. Ellwood Johnson, William H. Kern, James Long, James B. McFARLANi3i, John Milnes, James H. MacBride, Richard S. Newbold, Edward M. Needles, James O. Pease, Joseph M. P. Price, William H. Rhawn, Atwood Smith, Joseph H. Trotter, Charles B. Williams, Charles Watson, John H. Watt, David L. Wood, N. Parker Shortridge. OFFICERS. SAMUEL C. HUEY, President. EDWARD M. NEEDLES, ) JESSE J. BARKER, Actuary. HORATIO S. STEPHENS, P'"-^^^^''^^"^^- HENRY /C. BROWN, Secretary. J. W. IREDELL, Jr., Supt. of Agencie/. Home Office, Nos. 921 and 923 Chestnut Street. . iiAA'^AfS^n.^^ .■,r^AA^A^^^^^^^ ^I^M#^?S^^^^^^^ M^r^'-^''" ..AA, ''■'^^ ^^n AAnr^'^^/^.AAAOp.'NO^ ■• - ' '>, ^ ^.^ &^%mfmmm^kn h/^^''- .^AA-aO^^o^/^^^' ^A^.^*^ .nnn^^^^^f^^r^n^^riAoAOAA^WAr .^^^^^^^^^A^;^^::. ^■?^A,^^' \A^':-o^': ^r> '^^A^A^^.^^ .A.^A^^^^' .vAaAAA^ ^^'A^VA/^^r-r, .^aa^^?^^^"''^''".'>- •'^ A i-'- - L ,, »s ^'^'^^'^tmf^^-^- ^ .AAAA./0AO0CC0? .A«,AAA«AAr^,r ^'Mf*^ 5«l%A»AWrO0^22^^ :^A'^f^AeAK 'A>')^^fSf\,f\~ Aa^aO" '^^^MmM^hhh ISfmBUmtMm ^^|^N^^^A'"'.,r•'^^ m'^m^^^'y^M'^rmmM'^ vv^ Ay. ^ ^ A^^/ aAa^'S^^ fiff^fYf(y\fy^^ "n^'-^-rifSfs ^r^r^^Ot^ f^oocf^Of^f.^^^^rftf^^ rAr^/^'^' /^^A^/^A'^' -A '^^.^«,'^,^ ^; 2o;;;o^SoSR^CR« ,^r^^')%>^^^AftA* %hf^ff\i yr^'^^^.r^r^r^' ^J^f^^ r^r^ryf^, iMlMiSHiu y'^.^,^rr^...^^^|^^-"^^^ 0/=^/?/^^ \^'a".^,/;^C ^M^^m(^, '■'''llm^iMl^^l^ n 'L'.';^'P>" ■Wr^;>^W^^^'^^^^f ,^/^A^^/^5^^^0C^:^;^?^^^^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 310 728 tVa'-'W -V-»-.'.-.- » »■'