V- v ^- <> :, c° -- V cv .0 V ,»•• % *> V cv > ^ a 3 v ^ a.° viv;'» ■> v .••■■- cv ^ •" ■ • "W* \/ Xj> ■ "ov* *<*o< • . «bV* **o* "oV*' -v- ° ^ :'& A <*, A* . • " • • ^*, ^. "■^ A? 8 n -V *> .K r y .. > t* ♦ r *c o * • % \* '"^ >J^:* ^ Jr \* P**. ■^ * o -■ ■o V-? /°"- - % PATEHSON, REW 1BR8BY Its Advantages for Manufacturing and Residence its Industries, Prominent Men, Banks, Schools, Churches, etc. B V CHARLES ^\ . SHRINER Published under the Auspices of the Board of Trade. The Press Printing and Publishing Company, Paterson, N. J. 1S90. ISO bf W Sketch of Passaic County. 3ASSAIC COUNTY, N. J., was or- ganized in 1S37, in pursuance of . an act of the legislature, and was composed of Acquackanonk, which iad been a township since 1693, md belonged to Essex county: '•J A v - Manchester, which was taken from ?^fe;\'' Saddle River, Bergen county; Pompton, which had been a part oi Bergen county since 17M7, and West Milford, which had been set off from Pompton in 1834. Wayne township was set off from Manchester in 1847. The township of Paterson was set off from Acquackanonk in 1S31 : it was incor- porated in 1851 and enlarged in 1854 and iS^5 by the addition of the territory now covered by the First and Second Wards; in 1869 a considerable portion of Little Falls and Acquack- anonk townships was added to Paterson. In 1S6S Little Falls was set off from Acquackanonk township. In 1866 Acquackanonk was reduced by the creation oi the town- ship of Passaic ; the latter was incorporated as a village in 1S71 and as a city in [873. The county contains 101.734 acres, distributed among its civil divisions as follows : — Pat- erson, 5,357; Passaic. 800; Acquackanonk, 6,420; Little Falls, 3,251; Manchester, 6,122: Pompton. 27,715; Wayne, 15,700; West Milford, 41.369. THE CITY OF PATERSON is situated about sixteen miles from New York City. Its peculiar advantages for manufacturing were rec- ognized in the latter part of the eighteenth century when Alexander Hamilton, Washington's first Secreta- ry of the Treasury, and a number of associates conceived the project of erecting large industrial establishments in America. The war of the revolution had established the independence of this nation politically and the aim of Hamilton and his associates was to also establish its inde- pendence from a commercial and manufacturing point of view. Thev intended to establish a manufacturing centre in this country and for this purpose they and their agents traveled over a great deal of territory and finally deter- mined on Paterson as the besl place for that purpose. The growth of Paterson and its vicinity and the rank Pas- saic county has assumed in the mercantile and manufactur- ing world have verified the judgment of Hamilton and his associates. boi the purpose of obtaining control of the territory needed an application was made to the legislature of New Jerse} for a charter and this was granted in 179] creating the So- ciety for Establishing Useful Manufactures. William Pat- erson was Governor of New Jersey and the scene ot the operations of the Society was named alter him. Not only was the conformation of the ground in Paterson and its vicinity admirably adapted to manufacturing purposes but the Great Falls of the Passaic afforded a water power not equalled in any of the states in the eastern portion of the country. Several raceways were constructed from the falls, thus affording water power for manufacturing pur- poses. The Society built a cotton mill but shortly after- wards ceased operations as manufacturers and devoted itself to inducing private enterprise to locate on its prop- erty. Yast tracts of land had been acquired either b) grant or purchase and this territory was divided into lots which were sold to manufacturers. Plots of ground were given lo religious denominations for churches and ceme- teries and under the fostering care of the Societ) Paterson grew into a flourishing city. For some time the manu- facture of cotton was the most important industrial pursuit in the city, but this was soon followed by die location of iron works and in a shorl time iron had gained die up hand of cotton. The next important industry established was that of silk. The originator of this industry was the late |olm Ryle, who had made Paterson his home and who found here peculiar facilities for the manufacture ol textile fabrics. The excellent quality of the water oi Passaic river attracted a class of manufacturer- to Paterson who could not be satisfied exeepl in a place so bountifully supplied with natural advantages as they t'oun^\ this city to be. Thomas Rogers established the iron industry in Paterson and soon devoted himself to the manufacture ot locomotives; nearly even iron industry in this part ol the /'. 1 TI-RSi W, ILL I r S TRA TED. country is in some way traceable to Mr. Rogers, jusl as (Ik- various silk manufacturing establishments owe their origin to the silk mill of John Ryle. These were the seeds that were sown on a fertile soil; manufactures in- creased at a rate never surpassed in an) place and to-da) Paterson's diversified and large industries arc a sure guar- antee of its stability and success. One of the first railroads built in this country was from [ersey C'itv to Paterson; another line was built from Pat- ers >n to Ramapo and another from Jersey City to Pat- erson by way of Newark. These three lines are now operated by the New York, Lake Erie & Western rail- road com pam . under a perpetual lease, and the two former constitute a portion ol'tlie main line ofthe road. The New York, Susquehanna & Western railroad company, whose line passed through a suburban pari of the city, recogniz- ing the grow ing importance of Paterson, a number oi years ago constructed a spur into the heart ofthe city in order to he on a footing equal tothatofthe Erie. In 1889 the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western railroad company, whose rails skirled the loot of Garret Mountain to the west ofthe city. also constructed a spur into the more populous portion ol Paterson, materially increasing its business. There is no place in the country where the scenery is more magnificent than it is in the neighborhood oi Pater- s .11. This fact, added to the accumulation of wealth by its residents who had been successful either in manufacturing or mercantile pursuits, attracted to Paterson a large num- ber of residences. For a number of years a conservative spirit in the county board neglected the roads ..1 the county but of late years a great deal of money has been spent in macadamizing roads which wind through the beautiful country surrounding. According to the laws as they st la number of years ago each township looked out foi its own roads, which meant in effect that farmers worked out their road tax. Few concerted efforts were made to improve the roads until the Board of Freeholders obtained the legislation necessary by which the hoard could lake charge. of such roads as they might see fit. The new de- parture was welcomed with delight by all who were inter- ested iii driving and every year's increased expenditure foi road purposes added to the attractiveness of the county as a place- of residence. The county has no bonded debt and a floating debt of only a lew thousand dollars, so thai the C mntv taxes arc little more than nominal. Next in importance in Passaic County is the CITY OF PASSAIC. It is situated about eleven miles from New York city, at the present head of navigation of the Passaic, the project, undertaken by the United Stales government, of ex- tending navigation as far as Paterson not having been completed as yet. Passaic has utilized the water ofthe Passaic river as a motive power for its industrial establish- ments by the erection by the Dundee Water Power and Land Company ofa large dam in the Passaic river a short distance below Paterson, thus forming a hum and beauti- ful lake from which the company takes its name. The water is conveyed from the dam to Passaic by means ol a canal and the result has been the clustering about the hanks of this canal and along the river of numerous and important industries. Textile fabrics of nearly every kind are here manufactured. The New York, Lake Erie & Western railroad and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Wes- tern railroad lines pass through Passaic, and the New York, Susquehanna & Western railroad company has con- structed a spur into the manufacturing portion ol the city. On the slope ofthe hill which rises from the hanks ofthe Passaic river are situated the residences ol many ol the wealthy merchants of New York and the city is every year increasing in importance both as a manufacturing place and for residences. ACQUACKANONK is a name closely identified with the history of Northern New fersey. The territory once embraced under this name was vast and the deeds to the property come di- rect from Sir George Carteret and the Lords Proprie- tors of the province of East New Jersey. The princi- pal settlements within the present borders ol Acquack- anoiik township are the villages of Athenia and Clifton, the latter on the main line of the Erie railroad and the former on the Newark branch of the same road. Athe- nia has several manufacturing establishments. Clifton contains a number of residences of the wealthier class, a great many of the residents being business men of New York city. In Clifton some of the deeds given to the more desirable property provide that the premises shall he used only for residences and the class of buildings is provided tor. thus ensuring uniformity and giving a guar- antee of the class of residences. The rest ol' the township is devoted principally to agriculture and gardening, the soil being very rich and rendered more valuable on ac- count of its proximity to the markets of New York. THE TOW NSHIP OF WAYNE is traversed by the Delaware. Lackawanna & Western and the New York & Greenwood Lake railroads. The principal settlement is the village of Pompton, which, on account of its beautiful location, is becoming a popular summer resort. There are in the township a number of brick yards, large powder mills, iron works, a silk mill and other industrial establishments. The rest ol the township is devoted principally to agriculture. \l \\v I1LSTLK Township adjoins the city of Paterson and has of late years keen the scene of remarkable development and in- dustrial activity. Cedar Cliff Park, romantically situ- ated on the slope- of the Preakness hill, was originally intended as sites for villas and elegant residences; a num- ber of these were erected, but some years ago a large por- tion of the tract was thrown open for manufacturing pur- PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. poses, since which time several silk mills have been put up on the property. LITTLE FALLS Township contains a thriving village situated on the hanks of the Passaic river. The village has clustered about the Little Falls of the Passaic, which furnish mo- tive power to large textile fabrics manufacturing estab- lishments. The Peckman river runs through a portion of the township and the water power furnished thereby has been utilized by other manufacturers. The township is also well known for the product of its brown stone quar- ries. POMITOX Township is noted for its mines and the historical recol- lections called forth by a number of its landmarks. The revolutionary army several times traversed the town- ship on its way from West Point to Morristown and in the valley of Ringwood, where the iron mines of Cooper & Hewitt are located, still stands fie building where Wash- ington had his horses shod. The property at present be- longs to lion. Abram S. Hewitt. ex-Mayor of New York, who has erected there for himself a fine country house. Near this residence are the graves of Robert Erskine ami his clerk ; Erskine had the management of the iron mines for tlie London company but at the breaking out of the revolutionary war joined the American forces. He be- came intimate with General Washington and was made Geographer and Surveyor-General to the Army of the I nited States. The principal settlement in Pompton township is the village of Bloomingdale, on the New York, Susquehanna & Western railroad. WEST MILFORD Township comprises the upper part of Passaic County. It is principally devoted to agriculture. It has within its limits a number of pleasant lakes, of which the most prominent is Echo Lake. The lower half of Green- wood Lake, a popular summer resort, is also within the borders of this township. The principal settlements are Newfoundland, Charlotteburgh and the village of West Milford. Passaic County Government. Judge of Circuit Court — Jonathan Dixon. President Judge of Court of Quarter Sessions and other county courts — John Hopper. Lay Judges of Quarter Sessions and other county courts — James Inglis, Jr., John J. Warren. Sheriff — Cornelius A. Cadmus. Deputy Sheriff — Grant Cadmus. Surrogate — Charles M. King. County Clerk — William M. Smith. Deputy County Clerk — Ross Williams. Jail Warden — John F. Buckley. County Physician — Walter I?. Johnson. County Counsel — Robert 1. Hopper. Superintendent of Counts' Insane Asylum — Henry P. Ackerman. Matron of County Insane Asylum — Mrs. Henry P. Ackerman. Board ob Freeholders. Patcrson — First Ward — Henry P. Ackerman. Second Ward — Jacob II. 'Pintle. Third Ward— John E. Foalks. Fourth Waul — George G. Halstead (Director). Fifth Ward — James Carroll. Sixth Ward — John II. Morrow. Seventh Ward — Thomas Howard. Eighth Ward — Bernard Feeney. Passaic — First Ward — Thomas Giblin. Second Ward— J. S. Biddell. Third Ward— Albert Totlen. Fourth Ward— Sylvester J. Post. Acquackanonk — George V. DeMott. Little Falls — Francis J. Marley. Manchester — John C. Roc. Pompton — Josiah Ricker. ]\'a\uc — West M7/*rge Boyd. City Treasurer — Cyrus W. Baldwin. Clerk of the Board of Aldermen — John T. Pollitt. Registrar of Licenses — Charles L. Henry. Comptroller Daniel Miller. Receiver of Taxes — William High. Deputy Receiver of Taxes — Charles II. May. City Counsel — Thomas C. Simonton, Jr. City Surveyor — William Ferguson. Assessors — fames Parker, John Townley, Jacob Edel- man, William 1 1. Bradley. Commissioners of Appeal in Cases of Taxation — Albert I). Winfield, Hugo [bach, James Blundell. Superintendent of Streets — Thomas McLean. Clerk t<> the Superintendent of Streets — John II. Hurd. Board of Aldermen — First Ward — John Hartley? * Seorge Rear: Second Ward — George Add}', William R. Hard- ing; Third Ward. — Samuel Bunting, John Macdonald (President); Fourth Ward—John Curtis. Jr., Thomas Rawson; Fifth Ward — James II. Feeney, Sidne) S. Lap- ham; Sixth Ward- Janus Miller, Joseph Keppler; Sev- enth Ward — Samuel Crawford, llenr\ Kell\ : Eighth Ward — James Brownlee, Edward Fanning. Janitor of City Hall— John Mickle. Board of Education — First Ward — |ohn I lick man (Presi- dent!. Daniel E. Patrick: Second Ward — James A. (iil- fillan, DeWitl C. Edwards; Third Ward'— William II. Macl loii.dd. Sylvester Van ( fieson : Fourth Ward — Arthur 15. Pearce, Harry C. Baines; Fifth Ward— Frederick C. Barnes, Robert 15. Davidson; Sixth Ward Louis Kir- singer, Jr., William Snyder; Seventh Ward — John J. Warren. John 1. Cannin ' th Ward — Ilcun C. Richards. John Rainej . Secretary of the Board of Education — Henry D. Oler. Superintendent of Public Instruction — ( >restes M . Brands. City Physician — Dr. Frank Agncw. Assistant Cit\ Physician — Dr. Thomas L. Paton. Health Inspector — Dr. John L. Leal. Plumbing Inspector — John Hickman. Board of Health— Dr. T. Y. Kinne, Dr. P. A. Harris, Dr. B. C. Magennis, Dr. John L. Leal. Dr. Frank Agnew, John T. Pollitt. James Mills. Secretarj of the Board of Health — John J. Warren. Superintendent of Outdoor Relief — Jacob Ryerson. Superintendent of Indoor Relief — Henry P. Ackerman. Matron of Almshouse — Mrs. Henry P. Ackerman. Inspector of Weights and Measures — William Shields. inspector of Buildings, Lamps. Wells and Pumps — John 1 1. Van I louten. City Veterinary Surgeon — Dr. William II. Lowe. City Weigher — \\ illiam F. Crossman. Poundmaster — I larden Parmlcx . Chief Engineer of Fire Department — John F. Murphy. Assistant Engineers of Lire I )epartment — John Gillmor, John Struck. Superintendent of Lire .Alarm — James F. ZelufT. Board of Trustees of Free Public Library — Dr. E. |. Marsh, George Wurts, John II. Hopper, Charles Dan- forth, Robert A. Haley, the Mayor and Superintendent of Public Instruction, ex-officio. Librarian — George F. Winchester. Park Commissioners — William Strange, John Mallon. Henry l>. Crosby, John Agnew, Edward T. Bell, David Henry, John 1. Holt. Seen tan of Park Commission. — Prank Amiraux. Judge of District Court — Francis Scott. Clerk of District Court —George X. Eloxsey. Recorder — Ji iseph ( \ reaves. Clerk of Recorder — James II. Cocker. 1 liief of Police — Frederick G. Graul. I n of Police —John Bimsi >n. Sergeants of Police — Adam Hargreaves, James Hewitt, John McBride, Michael Keefe, John Kicker. Matthew McGirr. — -@>lll I'SCEN^HY -H - < < CO CO < Q- LU I 10 11 t- TO < < CO co < Q. I 12 \ ICE EFFECTS AT THE FALLS. 13 ABOVE THE FALLS. BELOW THE FALLS. 14 V3 .$MMhu£ — ■« y^ jjpW >^MHjir fc "* - |*i *&w &■> a .TJfcfc& l a yi ! iftAr i L-w£a& | mXkJr/uL ii ■ «*»-** » 'CwJJ- iiiiffflh 1.A, 'i \ a: » ••.- .V-T ■ Sjp. ' VIEWS ABOVE THE FALLS. 15 THE BASIN BELOW THE FALLS. ICE EFFECTS AT THE FALLS. 16 z UJ Z O 03 DC UJ o CO O DC LL z UJ < h UJ > UJ > UJ CO Q cr CQ n i •»** PHOTOGRAPHED BV L. H. DOREMUS. VIEWS OF PATERSON. 1« '-' ( '-&jfc*&l •sQJi on n - l .-.. g fi El R 'B 0. I | HFlflMlltUI *- l? *si •**« VIEWS OF PATERSON. 19 NORTHWESTERN EXTREMITY OF PATERSON. SOUTHERN EXTREMITY OF PATERSON. . . VIEWS IN PASSAIC VALLEY. 21 VIEW IN PASSAIC VALLEY. COTTAGE ON THE CLIFF. 22 aM^ \ j ■ . ^^^JiL ' i mH * v^ " ' 35 I *r£ ' - ^vWfia : TOW ni\ ' i ^fl^-'t >?Tv. ?$&h "Y^jigFjlH ''4lrv* :: l3ril^iuL^ ■ 1/ ft) ■ arfj T "1 jRvfifci.' tf-mi ^1 s •*: • »■ v | PHOTOGRAPHED BY N. LANE. VIEWS IN WESTSIDE PARK. 23 FHOTOGRAPHEO BY N LANE. VIEWS IN WESTSIDE PARK. 24 THE LITTLE FALLS OF THE PASSAIC. The Progress of Paterson. By Mr. WILLIAM G. FENNER, Vice President of the Board of Trade. W* ! pect to add to the knowledge of our citizens t, upon the subject, but rather to aid in their se- lection the many who are seeking a location for their plant where at least a reasonable cer- tainty of success can be assured their enterprise Conclusions drawn from established facts constitute the best information in a matter of this kind and such conclu- sions 1 will now submit, leaving the task of application to the personally interested parties. The query is can Paterson in perfect fairness he classed as a city especially well adapted to manufacturing purposes ? The answer to this question can in no better way be made and emphasized than in a brief historical outline of Paterson' s more important industries, touching upon the salient developments of each from their origin up through the lapse of years to the present time with its wealth of industrial achievements and clearly defined prospects. The present century was yet in swaddling clothes when the cotton industry was experimentally established in this city. Manufacturing was new to the country at that time and the impression created by this springing up of the cotton industry at Paterson was profound. The pioneer factories were individually small yet so numerous that the public mind was struck with the seemingly vast propor- tions of this comparatively new" agency of profit to the community. The time speedily came when the cotton milling industry was no longer experimental but establish- ed with its work mapped out on an essentially larger scale with time, the inevitable unifying of fragmentary interests. the merging of many small plants into a few larger ones with perfected means for carrying the raw cotton through the various processes of manufacture resulting in the fin- ished cloth ready for use. The outside public then felt and in a measure still think that Paterson lost part of its cotton industries. The principle of merging was not un- derstood and with fewer individual factories in operation tile impression gained and maintained ground that the v i- tality of the industry itself was on the wane. The tact is however, that the seeming loss was anactualgain. Unques- tioned statistics show that in the year 1825 the number of spindles operating" in the cotton mills of this city was 2\.- O30. while in [8So they showed a total of 40.000, repre- senting a substantial gain in spindles and a still more sub- stantial increase in the value of production. The Eastern and Middle States form the great center of the cotton manufacturing industry and a leaf taken from their history substantiates fully my position that the change from main small to a comparatively few larger plants has re- sulted in a striking increase rather than a decrease oi the output. In the year [831, S50 establishments were in operation while in [SSo only ^70 concerns were in the tield. But from 1831 to 1880 the number of spindles de- veloped from 1,237,000 in the former to over 10.000.000 in the latter, while the number of hands employed in- creased from 60.000 to 1 sjo.ooo. In New Jersey alone the year iN:i saw bj.000 spindles in operation in fifty-one establishments, while 1.SS0 with its seventeen estab- lishments displayed an active equipment of 232,000 spin- dles. The locomotive manufacturing industry started in Pat- erson through tlie enterprise of Mr. Thomas Rogers in the year 1830. At that time railroading was in its infancy and about fifty miles of rail was all the country could boast of. It will be readily inferred that under these circumstances the locomotive business was in a decidedly embryo state. Looking back from the high plane of present achievement the crudities of the carle time are astonishing. The lirst locomotives built were titted out with wooden wheels and wooden frames and were guaranteed at high pressure and on a favorable grade to travel at the then lightning express speed of twelve miles per hour, a speed that was then re- garded as a menace to the lives of passengers and a mar- vel to the astonished beholders. This industry however advanced with giant strides along the pathway of me- 26 PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. chnnical progress and by sheer force of intrinsic merit won its full share of substantia] recognition in the quick work of supplying the country's rapidly increasing mile- age with its rolling equipment. During foui prosperous decades no industry it is perfectly safe to say ever made more headway than the one in point, but as it increased in \ icror .in i size so did other industrial enterprises. Milling concerns of one kind and another extended their plants and rapidl) hemmed in the locomotive works of our city ending the possibility oftheir all-essential enlargements. Additional and adjacent lands could not be acquired and additional room could only be gained by establishing an- nex departments either across the street or around the corner or by using the upper stories ol their buildings thereby adding materially to the expense of handling and consequently to the cost of production. The unbearable extravagance of this method of doing business was nut realized until competition commenced to assert itself. The margin of profit was sharply narrowed down and the Patersonian manufacturers began in earnest to feel the burden imposed upon them by that extra handling ex- pense, the result <>f inadequate an 1 imperfectly arranged premises. The few of our manufacturers with plenty of room continued to manufacture and market their locomo- tives with equal profits to those received by the best of their competitors, but those who did not enjoy the advan- tage of elbow room found themselves in the unfortunate position of doing a business devoid of compensation. This condition of things created considerable uneasiness in rep- resentative quarters of the industry and finally culminated in the resolve of a prominent manufacturer to move his en- lire plant. After a careful consideration of the advantages afforded by other localities and with the knowledge gained 1>\ long vears of experience the manufacturer in question concluded and did relocate in our city on a silt- that amply meets all prospective as well as present requirements. There the enterprise flourished and to-day constitutes one of the finest locomotive plants to he found in the country, replete with every mechanical improvement and under a management that cheerfully welcomes competition and feels safe in the positive knowledge that better work and cheaper prices than their own rank am nig the impossibilities. Paters >n has the advant ige of unusual railroad facilities and furthermore occupies a commanding position in the very outskirts ol the gn it business centre of the country. This enables out locomotive manufacturers to stand ready as they do I i supply the world with their machines. A tew years ago the Paterson Iron Works were destroyed by fire ; tie catastrophe was com pi. te and nothing but ruined walls and worthless machinery was left to emphasize rather than palliate the misfortune. These works were then as n >w known to the entire country for their heavy forgings. Rival concerns of this class are few in the United States and none among them can shape and forge a heavier shaft, crank, or beam or aught else in which calibre, strength an I finish contribute to the essential elements of production. These representative works are amongst the oldest an I most prosperous of our cit\'s large family of splendid enter- prises. Having grown practically with the city all the advantages and disadvantages ol' a location here were as a mallei of course fully apparent to the owners of this enter- prise but without giving other aspiring points more than a passing consideration the work of reconstruction was com- menced and substantially consummated on the old site. To-da\ visitors to our city see this prosperous concern under vigorous headway shaping the mammoth shaftings that find their utility in the great ocean racers of the day and the floating palaces that leave their wake upon our inland w aters. In reviewing the growth of our varied industries we must not overlook the machine shops ,,f Paterson, which have faithfully kepi pace with the times in meeting the natural wants of so large a manufacturing centre. In place of the one s'miv building and small "round space that adequately met the needs of the situation a few years ago we lind these works to-da\ operating on a large scale. occupying imposing structures, steadily increasing the scope of their energies and adding to their number at the average rate of one or two concerns per year. The two rolling mills that form an important part of our iron industry deserve a word of special mention. This is particularly true in the case ol' one that twenty years ago was humble to the verge of nothingness and to-day stands a monument of magnitude in its special field of work, a constant surprise to our own citizens and a source of won- ering admiration to the visitor. So widespread are the energies of this great concern that the average well in- formed traveller will be apt to place every iron bridge he crosses to the credit of the Passaic Rolling Mill Company. Some of the finest bridges in t'.ii-- country are the product of this company, whose skill is pointedly exemplified in the splendid structure near our own city (the bridge spanning the Harlem River) substantia] in its construction, symme- trical in its proportions ami technically faultness in con- ception; this work of highest engineering proves its mak- ers to he master workmen in the broad sense of the term. It was reserved for the year [840 to usher into our city's industrial life an enterprise which has elevated the stand- ard of labor and created an era of prosperity beyond the highest hopes entertained by the most enthusiastic believ- ers in the enterprising silk worm. While silks were manufactured in this country nearly twenty years before their production in our city, still to Paterson mainly belongs the honor of developing the industry into a per- manent and high class feature of American industrial art. Baltimore should however have the credit rightfully be- longing to her oi producing the first silk goods manufac- tured in this country. In [829 -he put upon the market the lirs! line of American ribbons, tn 1834 Boston entered the -ilk manufacturing list with the enterprising town of Florence, Mass., close upon her heels. In [S35 Dedham, Mass.. follow ed suit, while three y ear- later Windsor Locks and South Manche-ter. Conn., joined the briskly awaken- ing industry. ll was no: however until [840, as noted PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. 2 7 above, that Paterson put her shoulder t<> the silk industry wheel with what success will be seen in the following table, showing the value of silk goods manufactured: — I860. 1ST0. 1880. Pennsylvania, $1,700,000 f 1,600,000 $2,800,000 Mass., 1,300,000 1,400,000 4,000,1 Conn., 1,200.000 3,300,000 5,000,000 New York, 1,150,000 1,800,000 9,300,000 Sew Jersey, 970,000 4,000,000 13,1 ,000 Paterson, $11,000,000 This table is significant in many ways and of many things. In the first place Baltimore, the pioneer of American silk manufacture, during the twenty years under tabulated review tails completely out of sight anil consid- eration. Pennsylvania has only succeeded in securing a gain of $i, 100,000 during the two decades, while Massa- chusetts, and Connecticut although doing better than the Bay State champion, have scored no very conspicuous ^aiiis on the record of 1S60. New York has done still better but with all her great trading advantages lias taken twenty years to multiply her old time silk manufacturing achieve- ments by eight, whereas our own city has developed twelvefold in the same time, even assuming that all the silk goods produced in New Jersev during 1S60 were made in Paterson, which was not the case. The silk in- dustry like all others seeks a field with advantages that as- similate with its special requirements. These advantages once clearly demonstrated and the attention of the entire industrial world is promptly brought to bear on the fav- ored locality. Kindred industries at once crowd to the spot and a trade focus is established. It is a historical fact that no industry ever gathered to a common centre faster than the silk industry has established itself at our city. Tlie reason of Paterson's supremacy in this connection lies to a great extent in its adjacency to the City of New York, the head centre of the country's trade. Our city stands sufficiently near to the metropolis to share in its paramount trade advantages, yet is tar enough away to avoid her big sister's larger taxes, more expensive ground rents and the higher cost of living there entailed upon operatives. Paterson's further advantage is its abundance of water es- pecially well adapted for dyeing purposes. In 1S64 an industry had a precarious establishment in our city that in its rapid growth challenges the attention of every student of industrial progress. M was put into op- eration by those who possess the embodiment of clear and far sighted business tact and indomitable perseverance, two qualities that enabled them to conquer apparently in- surmountable difficulties in the development of their un- dertaking. This industry embodied the Americanizing ol a foreign plant nourished under other than Irish climatic conditions. The pioneer promoters had nothing upon which to base a warranted judgment, but upon general principles they selected Paterson as the best location for their experiment. Their views, however, were promptly vindicated and the manufacture of linen thread was no longer an industrial exotic. This infant of (864, spoken ol as the modest industry b\ one of the founders, gained strength rapidly and in its present development occupies se\ eral buildings of mammoth size. Its product. "Harbours' linen thread," is known to every dress and shoe maker in the land as Paterson made and to every one of our citizens as an article representing a business and a Mill growing one of one million five hundred thousand dollars a year. A few years ago large quantities of what is known as hemp carpets came from Dundee, Scotland. These car- pets are used mostly in country towns and one of their chief merits is beauty of design. Owing to the low price at which these carpets are sold the masses are enabled to beautify their homes at a small expense. Through the large production of these goods the manufacturers of this quaint Scottish town were well paid for their enterprise and it, is without question a sore disappointment to them to find that anything so Scotch could ever become Ameri- canized and a greater surprise to findhow soon this article of foreign birth should become acclimated and comfortable in a land so far away from home with no show of desire ever to return. While there are a few factories for the manufac- ture of this article in different sections of the country we can boast of three factories in our city which from all appearance and some knowledge are doing a thriving business. In this connection we might speak of an article which is made in Paterson and which forms the foundation of brussels carpets. We lay no claim to an over large amount of jute yarn made here but in this case the infant is too young to anticipate what it may grow to.butwe feel satisfied from its generally healthy appearance it will attain large propor- tions and soon rank amongst the prosperous industries of the City of Paterson. The following table will enable us to more fully appre- ciate the rapid growth of industries in this State and at the same time help us to more fully realize the important share sustained b\ our city in the general development: — ALT. GOODS MANUFACTURED. 18n0. IS80. 1880. Amount to Population, ea. lii'i\ I- New Jersey, $39,000,000 $ 254,000,000 Pennsylvania, 155,000,000 745,000,000 New York, '237,0011,1)00 $1,080,000,000 Paterson, 26,000,000 51,000 $500 Newark, 69,000,000 136,000 500 New York City. 472.000,000 1,206,000 100 Massachusetts, 157,800,000 631,000,000 Rhode Island, 22,000,000 101.000,000 Connecticut, 47,000,000 185,000,000 Increase from 1850 to 1880. Connecticut, I fold. Massachusetts, 4 fold. Pennsylvania 1:: fold. Rhode Island, 1', " New York. 4\ " New Jersey, r,; " So it will be seen that our State has outstripped all com- peting manufacturing centres in the spirited race of the past thirty years. The brief sketches I have outlined of our leading indus- tries have not been executed with a design to overdraw their importance. My aim has been solely to describe them as 1 know them to be and without seeking the views of others. 28 PA TERSi hV, II, I. ( r S I A'. I TED. \- to the permanency of our manufacturing industries we can 011I3 base our conclusions upon the historically de- picted influences of time u]>< >n the other industrial centres of the world; influences thai lead us to regard the future v. ith e\ i-n confidence in the stability of Patersi m's pn ispects. Manufactures, like trade, lii themselves to certain locali- ties. As manufactures grow and cluster around a i imiiii centre so in equal ratio o) developmcnl do opera- tives increase in numbers until finally the two become so wedded to a locality that a majority of the manufacturers of kindred class find it to theii advantage to w ork shouldei to shoulder with skilled labor domesticated at their vers ill IIUS. The onl) manufacturing centre in the world whir!) has I Mill during the past lit't\ years, "i at least gained but little, is a town in England, but as other causes aside from consideration of location an- responsible for In stagnant condition it i- devoid of significance so tar a- tar question now under discussion i- concerned. M \ position is amplj fortified by the following examples: — Lyons, the great silk manufacturing centre of France, whose industry was in lull operation before tin- advent of Francis I : Belfast, Ireland, whose linen manufactures date back o\ er one hundred \ ears : Dumfermline, Scotland, the centre of Scotch limn trade, whose industry has been known all over the civilized world for man\ centuries : Paisley, Scotland, the home of shawls and cotton thread manufacture : Manchester, England, noted for cotton and wool dress ids ; Bradford, England, conspicuous for mam years for her uction of alpacas and mohair lusters ; Sheffield, England, mstoricall} famous for her cutlery ; Basle, Switzerland, notable tin' her silk and woolen in- dustries : Chemnitz, Saxony, identified tin world over I'm' her hos- ier) product : Birmingham, England, the head centre of the iron in- dustn : Zurich, Switzerland, the oldest silk manufacturing mar- ket in the w 1 irld : Elberfeldt, conspicuous for her woolen goods, and St. Gall, Switzerland, the mammoth production of I lamburg embroideries : Most of these world renowned centres have been in vig- orous existence all the way from two to live hundred \ ear-. and all of them are now at the highest point nt' develop- ment in their respective histories. There is onl\ one conclusion to he drawn from this array oi historical data. \ i/ : thai no manufacturing centre where the plant has been fully established has ever lost its indns- tries or weakened in its industry. The history of the age has been development, first and last and all t!ie time, sta- ble in In progress and equally stable in its fealty to a loca- tion having established ad\ antages. In the above I have shoyvn as a deduction from clearly de- fined facts that Paterson ha-- steadily increased in her in- dustries and industrial voyage from year to year; further- more, that her adjacenc) to New York City, the trade and commercial centre of the country, assure- obvious advan- tages that are virtualh hound to give her an unsurpassed industrial position, the permancnc) of which is a foregone conclusion if the uniform experience of centuries the world over can be accepted a- a guarantee of the future. *. -^ j£gs^ * > £ i - ^ The Board of Trade of Paterson. By Mr. JOHN J. BROWN, President of the First National Bank, N the busy life of the present day, when events that are new crowd out from remembrance those which are even < inly of the recent past, it may not be a matter of wonder that the early *" < . k t transactions of the Board of Trade are so f^ dimly remembered, not to say quite forgot- /\\ ten, as to make the question "What lias the Una id of Trade done?" quite a pertinent one As a reminder that its history has not been quite a blank, but more, perhaps, that we may be encouraged to make further efforts: and still more, that others of the city of Paterson. just as able men and just as much in- terested in its present and future welfare, shall give us their aid, the duty has been laid upon me to collate some of the more prominent actions and efforts of the Hoard from its organization. The unwritten history of a society or community can never be told. The forces and influences which work un- der the surface of society, like those of nature, are felt and seen in their effects; but even these can only be traced in part. Thus the silent influence of this Hoard as a whole, or the more or less active efforts of the individual member, can only be surmised. file actual work done can only in part be judged by reference to the recorded history, taken from published proceedings. These necessarily give only an imperfect idea of the work accomplished. '1 "hough the name of our organization is the Board of Trade, it should embrace, in a city like ours, all those who desire the well-being of the place in which the\ live; therefore, the professional man and the artisan, as well as the merchant and the manufacturer, should be interested in our efforts. I find this thought has already found action in our sister Board of Trade in Newark, where for presi- dent the) elected R. Wayne Parker, one of the best known lawyers in the State: for vice-president, fudge McGregor, and for secretary Comptroller P. J. Quin. There may be other professional men in the official list, hut 1 do not now recall* them. With these preliminary remarks please permit me to notice as briefly as the objects will allow, some of the more important acts of the Hoard. Its existence dates from 1S73 and it was founded amid a depression i:i the business of tha city an 1 country which has happily seen no parallel since that time. The loco- motive business, then, as compared with all our manufac- tures, a more important industry than it is now. was nearly paralyzed, and this of necessity affected all other business. That first year the Board gave attention to removing the false impression among the tire insurance underwriters of New York that our water supply for extinguishing fires was wholly inadequate. The facts, based upon a full re- port and a faithful examination by a Committee ot the Board, were so placed before them, that the exorbi- tant rates were reduced, so that we stood on an equally favorable basis with any other city adjacent to New York. The report alluded to. however, showed some deficiencies in the water supply, which the water company promptly remedied. Daring this year action was taken by a com- mittee which established better relations with the Erie railroad company and increased facilities for transportation were secured The Hoard, appreciating the distress which prevailed during the winter, exerted themselves to alleviate as far as possible the sufferings of the needy. They as a body, apart from the individual efforts of the members, or with othei organizations, contributed and placed in the hands of the general relief committee $2,203. ' The reports on the silk industry this year show that there were then about twenty-five firms and corporations engaged in the manufacture. The capital invested was about tour million dollars. Direct employment was given to about four thou- sand operatives (two-thirds of whom were females) and an indirect employment to about one thousand mechanics en- gaged in making machinery ami various articles necessary for the successful conduct of the business. The amount paid to these operatives was some two million dollars. Statements are incorporated here in order that those who take an interest in such matters may compare them with the present, now that seventeen years have passed. In this first year, as well as the succeeding one. the Board was presided over by the late Thomas Harbour. His large ex- perience with other bodies of a like character, together with his interest in the welfare of the city (not to name his great business interests here), and his large views of busi- ness generally, made him a truly valuable presiding offi- cer. The reports of the year 1 S 7 ( tell of but a partial activity in business, but of a very hopeful nature, by reason ,>t abundant crops. Only a few signs ol life were as yet 30 /'. / TERSON, ILIA slR. 1 TED. shown in the locomotive industry. Other iron industries wen- reasonably active and some new manufactures in iron wiu- introduced. A very material improvement had been made in the silk manufactui ( . The year 1S75 was probably, in one respect, the most important year in the history of the Board of Trade. The officers adopted a plan of having prepared in an authentic and comprehensive form, something like a history ofthe great industries, which in the infancy and later years oi our city, and in its riper and stronger present, have been the basis of its prosperity and renown; comprising neces- sarily a history ofthe cits- itself; for its manufactures and prosperity in ether things, nay. its \ ery existence, have al- ways been one and inseparable. The preparation of these historical sketches was entrusted to such members of the Board as were identified with the great manufacturing in- terests of the city ; each treating a topic within the scope of ilis personal experience. The result was such that there w as an amount of authentic information and statistics gath- ered which has since been a mine from which stitistical workers have drawn, and must in the future he the founda- tion from which the records of early business of Paterson must come. These valuable papers were published in the third annual report ofthe Hoard of Trade and embrace the following: — the Iron Industry, by Mr. John Cooke ; the Silk Industry, by Mr. Catholina Lambert; the Flax, Hemp and Jute Industry, by Mr. John Swinburne; the Cotton Industry, by Mr. Joseph YV. Congdon ; Miscellan- eous Industries, by Dr Charles Inglis ; Our Financial In- stitutions, by Mr. John J. Brown ; Our Public Schools, by Mr. George I.. Catlin ; Sources ot Power in Paterson, by Mr. George WurtS ; Historical Notes and Statistics, by Dr. Charles Inglis. That there has been quite a large out- side demand for these reports gives testimony as to their value. Published also in the same annual report was .1 supplemental report ot the Committee on Water Supply which coveted all the points complained of and suggested such improvements as sh mid he made. It may he sufh- cient to sa} here that early and large improvements were made by the water company, so that with these and later improvements made in alter years, also suggested bv a Hoard committee, the water supply of the city is placed beyond complaint. This year the late William Ryle was chosen President of the Hoard He took a large interest in it- prosperit) an 1 -creed with great ability until his la- mented death in iSSl. The yeai iS/6 was also a good year and lull of interest. A history of its transactions would make a more extended paper than is the- design ot" this little memorial it is proper, however, to name briefly some ot the incidents ot the year. It is scarcely necessary to call attention to the I 1 1 that this was the Centennial year. Early in the year the subject of properly celebrating the ensuing |th of July w as discussed. In the reports of that year Dr. Charles In- glis gives a very lull sketch ot this celebration, which, in- augurated hv the Board, was made a grand success by a combination of work b\ committees of the Hoard, of the Grand Army ofthe Republic and ofthe citizens. A large subscription was at once made by members ol the Board. This was supplemented by the General Committee of Fi- nance, the result ol their joint etlo.t being to raise in that veai of stringency not only enough to meet the liberal ex- pendituie for the celebration hut to donate a surplus oi $750 in equal parts to the Ladies' and St. Joseph's hos- pitals. It is nearly fifteen years ago but many will remem- ber the profuse decorations, the grand procession, the me- morial services at the Wigwam and the fireworks on Dean's Hill It will he understood that this was a general celebration entered into and promoted by all classes of people. It is named here because it was inaugurated in the Hoard and the Ihst and largest subscriptions were made here. During the v ear papeis were read on the subject of the Silk Industry, by Mr. William Strange; the Locomo- tive Industry in the United States, by Mr. John Cooke; Our Educational Interests, by Dr. Charles Inglis; a report was made on Our Ga's Light Interests by Messrs. J. W. Congdon. Thomas N. Dale and George W'mts The very important subject of a Free Public Library was part of one ofthe subjects touched upon this year. Mr. Dale, the chairman ofthe Library Committee, endeavored to secure an act of the legislature, which was then deemed all that could be accomplished. This was to make it an adjunct of the public school system. Messrs. John Swinburne and John Cooke as a committee reported the results of their in- vestigations as to the usefulness of a library of this kind in the State of New York. The great subject of a free pub- lic library came up on other occasions, but it is pleasant to say that a far better system than any devised by the Board has been given by the action of the State and the happy acceptance of it bv our citizens One of the results of the labors of 1S77 may be seen in what may be called our very modest depot at the Erie railroad, for this year it does not seem quite adequate to the grown proportions of the city and it is gratifying to know that the railroad company is preparing to put in its place a handsome and commodious structure: but twelve veais ago. when compared to the one which preceded it, it was considered quite a triumphant success. The Erie people then were a hard set to move: much breath had been -pent ill talking, not to say complaining, and much politeness was shown in not doing anything. Efforts w< 1 made to satisfy the applicants, with promises to repair. It took a committee as strong as Messi s. Cn >sl ly, 1 hick lev . Barbour, Dale and Ryle to overcome apathy or inability, hut it was done and the new depot was seemed. Another matter of large importance occupied the attention ,>t the Board this same year. This was the supposed necessity oi' an increase in the number and efficiency of the police force of the city. It was a time, for various causes, of a widespread disaffection in the ranks of labor. This was especially the case with employes in railroad labor. Ex- tensive and disastrous riots had occurred in the West, an uneasy feeling was prevalent here as in many other places. Workmen were molested by their fellow workmen. The PA TERSON, /LLC'S TR. I FED. 3i condition forced the conclusion that the police force was inadequate either for the city or the times. It is enough to say here that the efforts of the Board through their com- mittees largely contributed to the correction of this defic- iency and of late years no objections have been made man- ifest so far as the force itself or its management is con- cerned. On the contrary, great praise has been earned and freely. given to this important department of our city go\ ernment. The years of 1S7S. 1879 and 18S0 may be profitably passed over by saving that no action of marked importance during these years was taken and I shall content myself with a statement of some of the topics considered. A val- uable report on the sanitary condition ofthe city was made by Messrs. Inglis, Crosby and Fenner, mainly on the sub- ject of sewerage. The question of change of pay day by manufacturers from Saturday to some other day was con- sidered ; reports on legislation at various times; reports on general industries ; the reception to General Grant. Ad- ditional and fuller reports on Passaic watersupplyby Messrs. William Strange, Watts Cooke. W. (i. Scott and Henry Y. Butler, with a valuable report on the capacity and pow- ers of the water company, were made by E. LeB. Gar- dinier, Hydraulic Engineer, who had been engaged by the committee. The year 1SS1 may be named as the one in which the first action was taken in reference to Public Parks. The first and in fact the only committee, for they served to the end, was appointed to take the matter into consideration : of this committee Mr. Crosby was made chairman. This same year the question ol making the Passaic river navi- gable to Paterson appears in the proceedings ofthe Board. A committee under the chairmanship of Mr. Strange was appointed to take action towards getting an appropriation from Congress for making a preliminary surve} of the river. .V committee was likewise appointed under the chairmanship of Mr. II. Y. Butler with instructions to have proper action taken to obtain a suitable building which would adequately serve our growing city for post office and other Government needs. Further mention of these three great enterprises will probably claim attention later. Again was the attention of the Board called to the utility of technical education in a city so thoroughly a man- ufacturing one as this: indeed, it occupied the attention of members constantly during the year. Able addresses were delivered by Messrs. Hilton. Fenner and Morris. The following year, 1SS2, still found the Board strug- gling with the subject. The committee having this matter in charge, under the chairmanship of Mr. Watts Cooke, presented a very full report, looking to a large effort in this direction; combining a suitable building with rooms tor an industrial school, a library and reading rooms. However valuable an institution, such as was here proposed, would have been to the city, it is scarcelj needful for me to say that it was not carried out; but doubtless the seed sown by these efforts have borne fruits and later and in other ways, not in combination but separately, we have the Public Li- brary, the Reading Room and the Industrial School . This last named, incomplete as it ma\ be. and in its infancy only, was the outcome of the efficient help of this Board, who raised a sum as a supplement to an amount which thereby could be derived from the State and which in con- nection with tile Board of Education, their committee and our committee acting together, have established the first industrial school in this city. The year 1883 was not marked by such action as calls tor special mention. During previous years some consid- erable attention had been given to the unhappy condition ot our streets. This year more attention was given to the subject and a special meeting was held in the hope of ex- citing a more lively interest in the attainment of good streets. This meeting was attended by several of our ex- mavois and a number of citizens not members of the Board. All present recognized the importance ofthe sub- ject under consideration. -V wide discussion was indulg- ed in. all agreeing that the time had come for large im- provements, fhe resolutions of the Board adopted on the occasion, promised an active support so far as the Board could, to those on whom the burden of responsibility would fall, in carrying out a wider system of street improvements, knowing that it meant an expenditure of money. It may here be added that very marked improvements have been made in our streets. Among the subjects which early in tile \ear occupied our attention, was further action looking towards obtaining a public building for United States offi- ces. It is as well to say here for all that this matter was never lost sight of, but was pressed as well as the circum- stances would permit, until finally a bill was passed ap- propriating $So,ooo for the object and the signature of the President was obtained. We were favored by the active efforts of our representatives in Congress in every stage of the work. An active opposition in the House of Repre- sentatives prevented an adequate sum being appropriated, but there is now ever} prospect that the sum already set aside for this object will be materially increased and that our wishes in regard to a government building will be speedil) realized. A very important action was taken this year which with the concurrent action of the Board ot Al- dermen may be called the turning point in the possibilities of improving our streets. This was a joint delegation, composed of the Street Committee ofthe Board of Alder- men and a committee appointed by the Board of Trade to visit Governor Abbett and urge upon him t'.ie necessit} ol signing the bill which had been passedfor the benelit of Pat- erson, providing that permanent street improvements should be made at the general expense. The result of this joint action was a very kind reception by the Governor and his ultimate signing the bill. Under the provisions ot this bill the improvements of late years have been made. Am mg other subjects which cam.- up during this year was the navigation ofthe Passaic riverto Paterson; the benefits of technical education and t'.ie methods of bettering the countv roads under the supervision of the Board of Free- holders. In reference to the navigation matter it might be 3^ PATERSON, ILL USTRATED. well to say that a committee of the Board of Trade ol Newark with a committee ofthis Board, accompanied by Mr. Dorflinger, the engineer, who had previously con- ducted .1 survey of the river on behalf of the United States . rnment, made a trip over that pari of the river which would have to be improved in order to make ii navigable. He presented a chart and survey of the river made by him- self and assistants, gave estimates of costs and methods "l improvement and freely expressed his opinion as to the laro'e advantages which would accrue to Paterson from a navigable river. Perhaps the most important matter which occupied the attention of the Board tins year was that of public parks. Growing out of action previously taken, Mr. 11. B. Crosby presented an exceedingly inter- esting paper on the subject. This meeting was near the end "t' tSSi. We arc now in 1890 but from the time first named to the consummation of the project, there was no time that this park matter was not uppermost in the mind of Mr. Crosby. Time and trouble seems of little consider- ation; when nearly all doubted, he held to his faith. The growing sentiment of the public was watched: the careful consideration as to the ways and means which were natur- ally felt by the "City Fathers," who had man) responsi- bilities resting on their shoulders and naturally shrank from incurring large indebtedness, were met In the argu- ments as to the nrvtl of and the benefits to the people. As we all believe, the right won, the ordinance providing for the purchase of two extensh e parks w as passed and to Mr. Crosby's great delight he was permitted to hear from the great bell in one of our steeples a "ring out" which but lew at that late hour of the night knew the meaning of. Ii must be named here, because it is to their great honor and far-sightedness, that the newspaper press of the city gave the aid of their powerful influence in securing this great blessing, - 1 full of promises and health, comfort and pleasure to the dwellers in this hive of industry. I have now reached a period so recent that it seems ■ ireely worth while to detail the various actions of the Hoard. The Delaware. Lackawanna iV VVestern railroad company has at least heeded the appeals of the Board, made- repeatedly in past years, and has constructed a spur into the city. l'>\ the destruction of Washington Hall building the Board of Trade lost its valuable library, which took main years to accumulate, its furniture and its rec- ords. At present the Board i- actively engaged in procur- ing the erection of a line city hall to meet the growing needs of the city. Very much of the work ol the last years has been of the same character as that which has gone before. I trust, however, that I may he permitted to say, though 1 am myself a member ol the Board, thai in every discussion and in all actions, or attempted actions, the Board has had for its object the weal of the city and its citi/ens Never at any time has am' action been taken or n made which had personal or seltish ends. In public or in charitable efforts the money of its members has keen quite as freely given as that of other citi/ens. It may he said that it has not done enough, or even all that it could, but it must not he forgotten that the sins of omission are very easily 1 nitted, and there i- no member of the Board who would not have rejoiced if a greater number and a larger interest and a greater good to our city had been the history of tin- Board of Trade. Those who have borne the heat and burden of the past will feel greatly the relief which will naturally come from the infusion ol new mem- bers and will rejoice the more if these additions shall make the Boai d more useful. In this little review of the past 1 have confined myself entirely to the more sober matters of business which have indeed mainly occupied the attention of the Board, but there has also been a lighter side, where the more pressing realities of the work day world have been laid aside and we have indulged in those social gatherings, where. though the main object of the Board was not lost sight of. it was for the lime being only an accompaniment to the pleasures of the social season. It is my purpose only to allude to these episodes. The character of them may he found reported, in more or less full degree, in the annual reports. •Shall I stop here or shall I indulge in the saddened thought which comes with remembrance of those who wire with lis in former years but now ••are not:' To the older members come up the names of Barbour and Ryle, the first and second presidents of the Board. Mighty men they were to carry forward whatsoever they deemed worthy of their efforts. With the last oi these names comes up the thought of the magnificent gilt by his w idow of a building for the free public library of this city. May 1 not name too the clear-headed and reliable Cooke ; the thoughtful investigator, highs; the ever willing and intel- ligent Dale : the quiet but sturdv of opinion. Hamil ; the ever ready, for work or play, Swinburne.' To use the winds of the sacred writer. "What shall 1 say more, [i the time would fail to tell'' of those large-spirited men ol influence, who have s 1 well acted their part, and left us to continue the w 01k. To those whom we •-hall so gladly welcome among 11* hereafter, as fellow-helpers, may we not ask that they think oxer tin- work which has been done in the past and ol which these- lines are only an inadequate memorial, and they determine that whatever may have been done in the past -hall be exceeded in the future? The world is con- stantly widening and the opportunities tor doing good to others ever multiplying. It is only the few who are will- in.; to work for man as man ; be a part ol that tew. Let him consider the problems of life which surround him on every hand. Let him enter into some ol the noble enter- prises for the benefaction of the race and do his part towards the improvement of those immediately around him. lie will then be a g I member of the Board of Trade. S3 ypLK pyniMSfQ; m n Moves, Ipc 34 THE !LL , 7 FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 50 SECOND NATIONAL BANK. 51 PATERSON NATIONAL BANK, 52 ENTRANCE TO CEDAR LAWN CEMETERY. VIEW IN CEDAR LAWN CEMETERY. 53 4*M ENTRANCE TO LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY. VIEW IN LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY. 64 MARSHALL & BALL'S CLOTHING HOUSE. 55 THE BELL BUILDING. 56 05 o 05 > z < s o o (- I o h O z o 05 C£ UJ h < a. LU I H b_ O cr O 57 58 EXTERIOR OF THE PATERSON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY'S WORKS. EXTERIOR OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY'S WORKS. 59 SWITCHBOARD OF THE PATERSON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY'S WORKS. SWITCHBOARD OF THE EDISON ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY'S WORKS. 60 LOCKWOOD BROTHERS' FURNiTURE STORE. 61 £j***&zri THE JOHN NORWOOD COMPANY'S PAINT STORE. 62 MEYER BROTHERS' DRY GOODS STORE. THE HOBART-STEVENSON BUILDING, 63 SWITCH30ARD OF THE NEW \URK & NEW JERSEY TELEF COMPANY. THE DOREMUS HOMESTEAD. 64 GLENWOOU OR KYLE'S PARK. ' The Free Public Library. By Mr. GEORGE WURTS, Editor of The Daily Press. HE Free Public Library is an institution that the people of Paterson regard with peculiar I pride, not only for the benefits which flow 'Va'i'jrks' from such a fountain of culture and eniov- uvrftv nient to all cities fortunate enough to possess one, but because it was the first entirely 'f/*V* ^ ree public library established in New Jersey. Mam attempts had been made in the earlier' history of the town and city to found libraries partaking more or less of a public character, with the usual experience in such cases. Being limited in scope, unen- dowed, and depending on ephemeral sources of support, these enterprises one alter another dickered out their fee- ble lives. In the \ear 1884 the lion. William Prall. then a talented member of the Passaic Count) liar, but who has since taken orders in the ministry of the Protestant Epis- copal Church, was a member of the House of Assembly of the New Jersey Legislature. Mr. Prall had long been a zealous advocate of culture among the masses and had lab- ored diligently to lead the minds of his fellow citizens in the direction of the organization of a free public library. The opportunity for which he sought was opened by his position as a member of the Legislature, and he gave much thought and study to an effort to mature a law under which his own city at least — if not all the cities of New Jersey — could become the happy possessor of a library free to all. Others had done good work to the same end. and one ol these attempts especially deserves to be remem- bered. In 1883, a year before Mr. Prall framed his bill, the lion. P. II. Shields, then a Member ol' Assembh from this city, had introduced a bill to establish a public library, which was drawn by Mr. William II. Barry, principal of one of our public schools. This bill, though it contemplated making the library a charge on the public treasury, embraced the idea of having it constitute a part of the common school system of the city by putting it under the care of the Board of Education. Hence it was not to lie a tree public library in the broadest sense. This bill for some reason failed to become a law, but it merits recognition as a well meant effort to accomplish a benign purpose, and it undoubtedly pioneered the way tor the Prall bill of the following year. The latter, as stated by its author, had a three-fold purpose: "To form a perfect ami distinct corporation, to tie it to the city ami public school system, yet not to place it under municipal author- ity, and to keep the library forever out of the play of party politics." This bill is said to have been different from the law for the formation of public libraries in any other State. In its preparation Mr. Prall received valuable suggestive aid from the Hon. John W. Griggs, then State Senator from Passaic County and a devoted and judicious cham- pion of education ami public culture. The act as passed was very simple in its terms. It vested the management of the library when created in a board of seven trustees to be appointed bv the Mayor, in which the municipal hoards should always be represented by the Mayor and Superin- tendent of Public Instruction as members ex-officio. The actions and responsibility of this Board of Trustees are en- tirely within themselves, subject to no control or dictation from any other source whatever. I!\ the law the Board ol Aldermen is required every year to provide in the tax levy' for a sum equal to one-third of a mill on every dollar of taxable properly, which sum the C'ilv Treasurer is re- quired to p.i\ over to the public library trustees on draft of their President. It will be seen thai the income thus pro- vided is not only secure, but it must regularly increase with the growth of the city. The act was not 1 , he opera- tive until approved by a majority ol" all t\ic voters at the first municipal election held alter its passage, which was that of the Spring ol' 1XS-. Careful steps were taken to secure the placing of the library option on all the party tickets used, and to arouse public sentiment in support of the project, through tile press of the city, which gave its united and cordial aid. The result was that the vote was practically unanimous in acceptance of the law. Thus il~ somewhat peculiar provisions received a popular sanction PA TERS ( W, II- 1- 1 r S I K. I TED. so emphatic as to remove all fear of its disturbance in the future. The income of the library the first year was about oo, supplemented by some $5,000 raised by subscrip- tions and applied i" the purchase of books. Its appro- priation from the citv was over $8,000 the past year. Ii is entirely safe to say that no money raised for taxes li\ the citizens of Paterson is paid more cheerfully than thai which goes to the support of the Free Public Library. It is also interesting and important to state thai the addi- tion of that tax lias really not been felt in the smallest decree l>\ am citizen, as It has not been attended by the slightest increase in the tax rate. It is so compara- tively small as to be inappreciable in the bulk of the gen- eral tax levy. It would perhaps not be strictly true to say that the people of Paterson enjoy their public library with- out cost, but it is true that the) are none of them conscious of am cost. The' money is simpl) saved from some other purpose which does not need nor miss it. Mr. Prall was very properly made one of the first Board of Trustees and elected its President, an office which he held until his removal from the city. The present Board is composed of the following gentlemen : 1 Wmi-. term expires 1891 : \. Haley, " 1892 I'lnil. - Danforth, " 1893 EUas J. Marsh, M. D., " 1894 John II. Hopper, " 1895 EX-OFl h I 1. Him. Nathan Barnert, Orestes M. Brands, \fayor. S p '.endent of Publ I 'ction. Following is the organization ol the Board : /',.-./ „/. EliasJ. Marsh, M. D. 7>, id. - Danforth. Secretary, G 1 F. Winchester. i: ib it A. Haley, Chairman : John H. Hop], 1. Hon Vitii in Barnert y. — John II. Hopper, ( . Elias J. Marsh, M. D., Charles Danforth. <— George Wnrts, Chairman; K. -I. Marsh, M. I'.i> M. Brands. 1 !eo. F. Winchester. 1 Eleanor G. Weller, Lb ie P Scott, Stella Brands, Uhas. 1'. 1. ingvrell. 1 "1. ivl, 5 1 1 Cundell. The Library is open (except Sundays and legal holidavs) from 10 A. M. to S 1'. M.. the hour ol' closing being ex- tende 1 to 9 p. M. on Saturdays. Any resident of the city oxer 1 1 can draw hook-, without charge of any kind and under very liberal rules, which are rarely abused. Non- residents can become users of the library by paying one- dollar a year. Teachers ol' the public schools can draw six 1 h at one time, upon subjects connected with the studii ml. Seven days and two weeks are the limits of keeping respective classes of books. The re. 1 n i- free to all pels in- over 14 during it- regular hours, on week days, from 9 A. M. to 10 1'. M. and on Sundays persons above [8 are admitted from 2 P. M. to ,, |'. M. The Library now contains about 13,500 volumes. The reading room receives 23 daily papers, 63 weekly publications, one tri-weekly, 1 fort- nightly, 53 monthly, 3 quarterly — if) in all. The num- ber of Looks issued liom the Library to he taken home was in the past \ear ( 1889) nearly 7' >.< ><>o. It has issued a- high as ^So in ■, single day. For the first five years ol' its existence the Library was housed in a rented building in Church street. I he ele- gant -tincture in which it is now installed as its perma- nent home, of which a cut is given above, was the gifl to the City ol' Paterson of Mr-. Mary E. Ryle, in loving memory of her father, the late Charles Danforth. it having been the residence of that gentleman and falling to Mrs. Ryle by bequest. The value of the real estate was com- puted at about $50,000 an 1 Mrs. Ryle not content with this magnificent benefaction supplemented it by paying all the expenses incurred in it- remodelling and equipment for the uses of the Library, amounting to some $1 5,000 more. Thus the gift of Mrs. Ryle aggregated about $65,000, the only condition made being that the building itselt should be known as the ••Danforth Library Buildings," and that a tablet commemorating the name of Charles Danforth should be erected on it- walls. This was. indeed, a noble gift to Paterson from this great hearted lady, who is known through the whole city for many liberal but 1111 >s- tentatious act- of generosity. It i- the first, but it is hoped will be by no means the last, strictly public endowment by a citizen of Paterson tor the benefit of its people. The Library has only very recently been removed to it- new home, which is fitted up with every adjunct for the com- fort and convenience ol' the public that such an institution can have. In the handsome entrance tower is a superb il- luminated clock, with two faces, the liberal gift of Mr. William T. Ryle. a son of Mrs. Mary Ryle. In the vesti- bule of the tower stand two statues to which attache- great interest. They are of brown stone ami form part of a group representing Tarn O'Shanter and his companions. carved main years ago b\ the sculptor Thorn. Two of this -roup of four statues were lost at sea, while the others were purchased by Mr. Roswell L. Colt. For lift v years they -loud in 1 u p 1 1 h on either side the do, ,1 of his mansion on ■• Colt's Hill." and were familiar figures to all t'.ie old resident- of the city. They were presented to the Library by Mr. Morgan (>. Colt and his sister, Mrs. De Grasse B. Fowler, and President Marsh well said in his annual report for 1SS9 : "This gift was very highly appreciated by the Trustees both on account of the artistic of the works and also for their association with the past history of Paters hi an 1 with one ol' it- leading citi- zen-." Another gifl of special value made to the Library during the past vear was on u seven hundred large photographs presented by Mr. John Green. About 1 years ago Mr. Green retired from business an 1 left Pater- son for a protracted trip around the world. On hi- jour- nc\ he gathered photographs representing the scenery, habitation-, monuments and customs of the countries and nations which he visited, and on his recent return home had these photographs properly mounted and arranged, PA TERS ON, IL L I S IRA TED. 6 7 and then he presented them to the Library. They fill fourteen portfolios, and represent views in China. Japan, Australia, India. Egypt, Turkey and the Holy Land, the Azores and Madeira and several states of Europe. This collection of photographs is of very consid- erable value, and will undoubtedly be highly appreciated bv the visitors to the Library as soon as it is made availa- ble. The trustees were very glad to receive these gifts of art treasures, as they cherish the hope that they mav at no distant day collect many similar objects, and establish a museum and art gallery to add to the attractions and the educational value of the Library. They are especially de- sirous of collecting and preserving objects and relics that will be interesting from a local point of view. The number of card holders of the Library is now about 9.000. Its operations have been much hampered by want of room, but now that it is housed in its elegant new quar- ters it is expected that its business will largely increase in all its departments, which have hitherto been constantly taxed to their utmost capacity. In Mr. George F. Win- chester the Board possesses a Librarian whose titness for the important and responsible post is rare indeed. Cul- tured, experienced, genial ami indefatigable, he is clearly "the right man in the right place." Banking Institutions. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK. This institution was organized in the early part of [864, being among the first established in the I nited States un- der authority of the then National Currency Act. The bank was opened for business in May of that year, with a subscribed capital of $100,000, of which $30,000 was paid in. William Gledhill was elected President and George M. Stimson Cashier. Doubtless the intent of the originators was that the institution, while of a semi-public character and affording all the protection to the public, and advantages within the limits of the National Currency Act, was intended as a private institution. Failing health on the part of Mr. Stimson, the Cashier, and owner of most of the capital stock, coupled with a very limited busi- ness, an 1 no doubt largely influenced by the fact that the institution was personal in its character, induced the direc- tors upon the acceptance of the resignation of Mr. Stimson in July of that year, to Resolve, "That the association go into liquidation, and be closed on and alter August 1. 1S64." Thus it will lie observed that the city of 20,000 inhabitants with its already too limited financial facilities, was about to be deprived of an institution, which though small could prove no less than a misfortune. At this important moment in the financial historv ofPat- erson Mr. John J. Brown, then a leading merchant of the citv, a man of broad experience, discernment and enlight- ened judgment, realizing the loss to the city by the closing of the institution, and further, the material benefits to be derived by the continuance of the bank upon a basis some- what commensurate with the needs of the community, lie- came interested in securing subscriptions to the capital stock of $100,000, which after many discouragements was accomplished and the bank witli a somewhat hopeful pros- pect was saved through the personal efforts of Mr. Brown, who at the reorganization in 1864, was unanimously elect- ed President, which office lie has continued to fill for now over twenty-six years to the satisfaction of his associates,' the stockholders and all who have had occasion to transact business with the institution. The bank was formally opened to the public September 24, 1S64, with the following officers and directors: — John J. Brown, President; Jonathan S. Christie. Vice-Presi- dent; Edward T. Bell, Cashier. John Cooke, John Rey- nolds. Henry B. Crosby. John N. Terhune, Henry M. Low. John J. Frown. J. S. Christie, Josiah P. Huntoon, John Swinburne, Patrick Curran, Edward C. May. Wil- liam Gledhill and George M. Stimson. The new institution was particularly fortunate in the se- lection of its cashier. 'Fhe term fortunate may be permit- ted here, for aside from being known bv Mr. Frown, he bad not an acquaintance in Pa'terson. Mr. Edward T. Bell, who was then elected (and except for a few years in which he was engaged in business in New York has been cashier ever since) was admirably qualified tor a position in a bank where the business was. so to speak, to be built up. Although young, having only just passed into man- hood, he had had several years experience in the National PA TERSON, II. 1. 1 r STRA TUP. Bank at Hackettstown, where he became familiar with all the details of bank work, and he came after being first teller in a bank in ferse) City, to the new work with all the en- thusiasm of a young man an I more than the usual knowl- ofwhal was required in such an institution from the employees, as well as in all the varied details oi the busi- ness of a bank. Few institutions in the country can boast of a career « > i such uniform prosperity ami stead) growth. The original charter expired b) limitation in [SS3. During this period of time, (aboul eighteen years), dividen I- have been paid to th olders ex< 0,000; State and United Statastax ;■•.••>: leaving a nst surplus of ovet The charter was extended in iSS> for 20 years. Divi- den Is of i« 1 |> 'i cent, per annum, free of taxes, have been paid for several years past, the aggregate of \\ hicli ami units to over $300,030. [t is worthy of noi thai the institution during its existence of over twenty-six years has uniform- ly paid dividends in Januaiy and Jul) oi i ich year. The capital stock of the bank has been increased a-- rap- idly as the needs of the communis seem to warrant, stand- ing n iv\ al $.| »o,oo 1. with a surplus an 1 profit account of ■ 1, and a dep >-it line of from $i,S 1 1,0 1 1 to $j,odo. ..ii. Its banking building, the mosl substantial, ini|)'»- ing architectural structure in the city, was completed in 187 1, at a cosl of $1 1 1,0 > >. now s1 in ling on the books of the bank al $ 17,0 1 >. Hie bankin ; 1 1- arc large and commo liuus. being located up in the secon I tl 1 ir of the building. The erection of this building has tended to cen- tralize in the immediate vicinity the m metan affairs of the city. In the building arc local d the Post < >ffice, Western Union Telegraph Company, U. S. Deput) Collector of Internal Revenue, Mr. F. K. McCully, German Ameri- can Insurance Company, besides mam of the prominent law vers of the cil \ . The pre-. -nt Board of Directors is composed of Henry 1!. (. h • isl >\ . Alpheus S. Allen. James Booth, VV. O. Fav- erweather, John Reyn ilds, '.arret I). Voorhis, T'>hn f. Brown, William Barbour, J. \V. Cleveland. Garret A. Hobart, A. W. Rogers, Edward T. Bell, all being gentle- men of ( laractei and public spirit, while actively engaged in business. [871 the bank was reorganized under the National Banking Act and the name of the Passaic County National Bank was assumed. The capital stock was increased to $150,- and the bank was opened for general banking pur- poses, having until that time been virtually a private hank. A number of new directors were elected and the business e institution soon began i" assume considerable pro- portions. ( )n |ul\ 1. [S74, Congress pa il act changing the name n. F. C. Van Dyk, Peter Doremus, Samuel Nathan, Peter Quackenbush, Charles I). Beckwith, Louis A. Piaget, J. A. Van Winkle. THE SECOND NATIONAL BANK. Mr. George M. Stimson and some friends in iS^j or- ganized the Passaic Count) Bank, under the -tat. law-: the capital of the institution was 1,00 1, but in [S >; was increased to >. hi February, is>^. the hank passed in 1 tli h.ni I- of Mr. James Jackson ami a lev. friends, Mr. Jackson holding mosl ol 1 k and being the president of the hank; David Burnel was cashier for man) v* held that position until hi- death. In THE PATERSON NATIONAL BAN;:. The Paterson Nation d I!. mk starte I into business on the loth oi" fiily, i^ s '. with a capital of $200,000, and although in operation bul a short tim ■ i- alrealv doing a most satisfactory business, its volume of deposits having 00.000 in I $700,000. The institution i- established tor a general banking business, including collection- on Paterson ami all points in Northern New fersey. William Strange is President. II. B. Parke, Vice President and II. C. Knox, cashier. Mr. Strange is as widelv known as the American silk industry, being the head of the great silk manufacturing concern bearing the title of the William Strange Compan) : Mr. Parke, a native of I kite 1 - in, acting head of the new banking institu- tion, is identified with her industries, and i- also largel) experienced 111 banking business through hi- connection for twenty-two years with the National Broadwa) Bank of New York city. Mr. Knox also possesses eminent fitness tor his important ami responsible position through his in financial operations in New York city, ie he was lorinerlv Assistant National Bank Exam- iner. He is a nephew of Hon. John Ja) Knox, for twenty vcar- United State- Comptroller of the Currency. Ike Hoard of Director- i- composed as follows: Robert liar- / 'A TERSON, IL L US TRA TED. 6 9 hour, President Barbour Flax-Spinning Co.; John W. Griggs, lawyer; John S. Cooke, President Cooke Loco- motive and Machine Co.; William Barbour, of the Bar- bour Bros. Co.; F. W. Allen. Samuel J. Watson, of Watson Machine Co.; Watts Cooke, President Passaic Rolling Mill Co. : Win. Strange, Wm. T. Ryle, silk importer; Samuel V. S. Muzzy, Harwood 15. Parke, Henry C. Knox. The stock of the institution is well dis- tributed, the shareholders including all classes and all lines of business being represented, which renders the new financial enterprise exceedingly popular in the community A handsome building is about completed for occupancy by the hank, and for other purposes, at a central location in Market street, one of the principal business arteries of the city. The building is _|_bxSo, five stories in height and practically fire-proof, the material being mainly iron, stone and brick. The first Moor will be occupied as a banking room and is elegantly fitted up in marble, and communi- cates with a safe deposit vault having accommodation for 600 boxes. The vault is absolutely burglar and fire proof. being furnished with time locks of the latest improved pat- tern and all the best approve 1 attachments. Safe deposit for silver plate and more bulky articles is furnished in the basement vaults immediately un lerneath the other, and in connection therewith. The remaining four floors are fitted up in the best manner for occupancy as law offices, etc.. t!ie entire building being heated, ventilated, illumin- ated, furnished with elevators and all modern appliances for ■convenience and comfort. The Paterson Savings Institution. In the early part of iNoS public attention was directed through several articles in the Daily Press, to the needs of a savings bank in the city for the accommodation of a large number of our citizens who were compelled at great inconvenience, as well as risk, to seek such facilities at Newark, Jersey City and New York. The people had so long suffered from the absence of these facilities that the beneficent influences of a well organized savings bank, as well as the material benefits to the community, were seem- ingly lost to public view. Doubtless the closing of the Paterson Savings Bank a few years prior to this time hail a marked influence in deterring the people from assuming the responsibility of organization and management of an institution of this character. The only financial institu- tions in the city at this time were the First National and the Passaic County National Banks. While these institu- tions were liberal in their management and fulfilling their mission as banks of discount, interest was not paid on de- posits. The need became so pressing for the establish- ment of an institution which should meet a want of the thousands of our citizens, who sought not only a place of safety for their limited means, but interest upon the same. that application was made to the legislature of the State for a charter, which had been carefully prepared, somewhat out oi the usual form lor savings banks in providing a guarantee fund as surety for depositors. The act was passed in April, [869. The capital of $100,000 was sub- scribed by the following persons, who became the first Board of Trustees : — A. S. Allen. Stephen Allen. John J. Brown. II. B. Crosby, P. Curran, J. S. Christie, A. Derrom, lames Dunn. W*. W. Faii-banks. J. P. Huntoon, John Hopper, R. Hamil, E. C. May, John Reynolds, John Swinburne. John N. Terhune and EdwardT. Bell; Robert Hamil was elected president. Andrew Derrom vice-president and Ed- ward T. Bell secretary and treasurer. The institution was formally opened at ijj Congress (now" Market) street. May 1. iN>). For two years busi- ness was continued in this location, the bank being open on Wednesday and Saturday evenings of each week. The premises 235 Main street (Congress Hall) were leased and occupied May 1. 1S71. after which the bank was opened dailv ami on Saturday evenings. The charter expired by limitation in April. 1889. Idle institution had proven not only a great success, but of such incalculable benefit to the people, that the managers unanimously re- solved to apply to the State authorities for an extension of the charter, which was ".ranted for the full period of fifty years from April 2. rSS 1. Mr. Robert Hamil resigned the presidency in [876, af- ter serving most acceptably for a period of seven years. Mr. John Reynolds who had served the institution in the honorary position as vice president (succeeding Col. Der- rom.) was unanimously elected to the vacancy. Mr. Rey- nolds was one of the promoters of the bank and from the organization to the present time he has been most inti- matelv identified with it. guarding the pi"ogress, growth and usefulness with zeal and intelligence. Mr. Edo 1. Merselis was elected secretary and treas- urer in the fall of iS'jz, succeeding Mr. Bell, who had re- signed. Mr. Merselis entered the ban's as general clerk at its organization. lie has therefore been continuously in its service tor over twenty years. During this time he has by diligence, courtesy and painstaking care, with his thorough and systematic methods, earned for himself an honorable record as a bank officer. The present officers are: — John Reynolds, president; Henry B. Crosby, vice president; Edo I. Merselis. secre- tary and treasurer. The following exhibit of the institution i-, taken from the official report to the State, Januarv 1. iSyo: — ASSETS. LIAI1I1.ITIES. Cash $109,242.46 Due Depositors, . . . $3,558,911.50 U.S. Bonds 252,000.00 Capital stock; 80.000.00 Municipal Bonds.... 1,1 98, 934. 18 Surplus •. 270,610.40 Bonds & Mortgages 1,267,046 28 Temporary loaus . . .962,953.16 Interest accrued 38,745.82 Krai estate 77,600.00 Furniture and Fixtures 3,00(1.00 §3 909,521.90 521.90 70 /'. / TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. It is now twenty-one years since the institution was or- ganized. During this period, perhaps the mosl momen- tous in the financial history of an) country, "runs" upon the bank of greater or less magnitude have occurred dur- ing times of local excitement, or anxiety, resulting from commercial or financial revulsions. In all cases ever} de- mand upon the bank has been paid on presentation. Ii has likewise regularly paid interesl i<> depositors in No- vember and Ma\ of each year since its organization, the rates being a-- fi illow s : M iy, 1869 t i May, 1*77 6 per cent. May, 1*77, to May, 1879 5 May, 1879, to Nov., L°80 4) " Nov., 1880, to May, L886 4 " May, 1886, and since S\ " A more extended idea maybe obtained of the benefi- cent influence of the bank from the following exhibit. Total amount deposited to May 1, 1890 $20,540,000 00 drawn " " " 16,940,000 00 Bal a leposit May 1, 1890 3,600,0 10 Interest paid depositors 1,050,000 00 Number of open accounts 13,017 00 Average i ml t>> the credit of each depesiti>r M«y 1, L890 270 77 sixtj feet on Main street and one hundred feel on Market street. The price paid was over$75,ooo. It is the inten- tion of the managers to commence the construction of a building during the present year, winch when completed will enable the institution to enjoj much needed additional accommodations and doubtless it will become the must striking architectural as well as the most elegant building in the city. The board of managers consist cnoVt n citizens : John Ke\ nolds. ( ». I ). Voorhis, fohn I [opper, |ohn J. Brown, John 1 1 . Robinson, William L. Williams Henry B. Crosb) . Edo I. Meiselis of the following well G. A. Ilol.art. Edward T. Bell, E. B. King, |ohn II. Reynolds, W. II. Williams, A. S. Allen, lames Atkinson. Land Titles in Passaic County. By WM. NELSON, Attorney-at-Law and Corresponding Secretary of New Jersey Historical Society. /< VtVHE origin of the land titles in any locality, while M-.-i-JL^ usually interesting from an historical point of A^j^f" ' view, is of great practical value to the would-. be purchaser of real estate, who is often deterred from investing by the discovery of unexpected k difficulties in tracing the title to the land desired. The statutes of New Jersey provide that "no person who now hath, or hereafter may have, any right or title of entry into any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, shall make any entry therein, but within twenty years next after such right or title shall accrue ; and such person shall be barred from any entry afterwards ; provided always, that the time during which the person who hath or shall have such right or title of entry, shall have been under the age of twenty-one years, or insane, shall not be taken or com- puted as part of the said limited period of twenty years." The law further provides that "every real, possessory, an- cestral, mixed or other action, for any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, shall be brought or instituted within twenty years next after the right or title thereto, or cause of such action shall accrue, and not after: provided always, that the time during which the person who hath, or shall have such right or title, or cause of action, shall have been under the age of twenty-one years, or insane, shall not be taken or computed as part of the said limited period of twenty years." Hence, twenty years' quiet possession of a tract of land is accepted generally as evidence of perfect title, and very few lawyers or conveyancers ever extend a search beyond that period. Mortgages on which no interest has been paid for twenty years are presumed to have been paid. Judgments are good only for twenty years, unless the defendant removes from the State, in which case the period of his absence is not included within the twenty years. As there may be cases where the statute of limitations does not run. as in the eases of minor heirs, absent defend- ants, and others, the law goes further to protect the title of the occupant of lands, and provides "that sixty years' act- ual possession of any lands, tenements, or other real estate, uninterruptedly continued by occupancy, descent, convey- ance or otherwise, in whatever way or manner such pos- session might have commenced, or have been continued, shall vest a full and complete right and title in every actual possessor or occupier of such lands, tenements, or other real estate, and shall be a good and sufficient bar to all claims that may be made, or actions commenced by any person or persons whatever, for the recovery of any such lands, tenements, or other real estate." The title to all lands in the State of New Jersey is de- rived ultimately from King Charles II. of England, who by royal patent, dated March 12, 1664, conveyed New Jersey. New York and New England to his brother. James. Duke of York, afterwards King James II. of Eng- land. By deeds of lease and release, dated June 23-4, 1664, James, Duke of York, conveyed the territory now known as New Jersey to John, Lord Berkeley, and Sir George Carteret. Berkeley and Carteret divided New- Jersey between them. Berkeley taking the southern or western half, and Carteret the northern or eastern half. In 1673 the Dutch captured New York and New Jersey, which they surrendered in 1674, and as the title to the con- quered soil was thereby considered to have reverted to the King, Charles II. gave another grant to the Duke of York for New Jersey and other territory, dated June 39, 1674, and the Duke in turn gave a new grant to Carteret for East New Jersey, by lease and release dated Jul} 28-9, [674. Carteret dying in e6So, left East Jersej to Trus- tees, to be sold for the benefit of his creditors, and the ter- ritory was put up at auction in London and sold for £3,400, to William 1'enn and eleven associates, the lease and release being dated February 1—2, 1682. The new purchasers immediately associated with themselves twelve others, and the better' to confirm their title James, Duke of York, by patent dated March 14, 1683, gave a new grant to the Twenty-four Proprietors. It is from this Board of East Jersey Proprietors that all titles to the soil 7- PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. of Ni \\ [ersey excepl for lands under tidewater — are i raced. The first conveyance of laud in Passaic County was made in 1678, l'\ Sir George Carteret, to Christopher Hoogland, of Staten I slain 1. Ii was for i«d tracts of land, 27S acres in all, in what is now known as the Dundee sec- tion of the city of Passaic. Hoogland sold the nexl year tn Mailman Vreeland, and the land remained in an almost unbroken tract in the possession of his descendants until about the year 1830, when the Dundee Manufacturing Company bough! iiiusi of it, and erected cotton mills on it. In [872 the name of the Company was changed to "The Dundee Water Power and Land Company," and the corporation began to push the sale of its lands for mill-sites and for residences. Substantial!} all titles to land in the Dundee section of Passaic arc now traced only to this Company, its title having been thoroughly established by frequent searches. All the rest of the laud in Passaic City, in Acquackanonk township and in all of the city of Paterson south of the Passaic river, except a small strip in the extreme western edge "I the city, was conveyed in 1685 In the Board of East Jersey Proprietors to fourteen Dutch settlers, mostly from Bergen and New Amsterdam. In Passaic City, most of this land remained in the possession of the descendants of the original patentees until about the year [S62, when much ol' it was put on the market. Practically all the land in Passaic city has its title so thoroughly and so frequently searched that it is nit considered necessary to go hack more than twenty years to trace its origin. In the township of Acquackanonk — the Indian name of the territory patented in [685 — mosl of the land has re- mained in the possession of the original patentees and their descendants until within lwent\ or thirty wars, and its title is easily traced. That part of Paterson south of the Passaic river and east of the ridge broken through by the Passaic Falls, was di- vided about the year 1714 into twenty-eight farms of 74 mogen (about [50 acres) each, and with few exceptions these farms remained in the possession of the original owners to whom they had been allotted, until 170.:. In that year the Society for Establishing Useful Manufac- tures, incorporated by the New Jersey Legislature in the year 1791, to found a great manufacturing emporium. bought 760 acres of land at and below the Passaic Falls. The Society retained nearly all of this land, until about tlie year [S35, and still owns extensive tracts in the cil\ ol' Paterson. Nobody thinks it necessary to go hack of the Society's title, and this fact greatly simplifies searching in Paterson. Tin town as Riverside remained in the possess- 1 f the descendants of the original patentee until 1 when lassed into the hands of the Riverside Land Improvement Company, which developed the prop- erty and put it on the market, with such success that the ipany has not owned an ai iv of laud there lor years, and the tract has been built up with extensive mills de- voted tn various industries. No search of title lor this tract need go hack of the Riverside Land Improvement Company . The greater pari of the city of Paterson lying east of East Eighteenth street, and extending t" Easl Forty-second street and the Passaic river, remained in farm lands until alioul the year 1865, and the title was principally in the de- scendants ol the original patentees, or in their immediate grantees. The title to nearly all the land in tin- present Fifth. Sixth. Seventh and Eighth Wauls of Paterson is traced t" the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures. In the yeai [828 Robert Carrick, a shrewd Scotch cotton maun facturer, bought from one of the original families, a large tract in the present Fifth Ward, and had it mapped out into lots, which were sold according to his map. during the ensuing forty years. I lis title is considered the found- ation for all searches in that section. In the year [816 the Society I . M. conveyed t" the State of New Jersey exten- sive tracts of land in the Third. Fourth and Fifth Wards. which were sold by the Slate subsequent to 1835, accord- ing to maps prepared for the purpose. Thus it will he seen that the title to nearly or quite every pait of the city of Paterson south of the Passaic river is easily traceable to the Society L. M.. or to some of the descendants ol' the original patentees, or to grantees whose title is so well esstablished as to require 110 further inves- tigation. Indeed, il is a simple mailer to trace the title of ihis section to the original patentees in 1665. Totowa. as the Indians called il. being the northern part of Paterson, lying north and west of the Passaic river, and west of Clinton street, was conveyed by the Board of East Jersey Proprietors to George Willocks 1>\ patent dated Nov. 3, [696, and by him to Anthony Brockholls (Lieu- tenant-Governor of New York), Helmegh Roelofse and Roelof H'elmeghse, who in r 7 J j divided the [,500 acres into three lots — Numbers 1. 2 and ^. Brockholls taking .2 and 3, and the other owners — now known as the Van IIouicus — taking lot No. 1. lying to the extreme we oi the tract, and retaining possession of that section until within a very recent date. The Brockholls heirs sold 100 acre- out "i Lot No. :;. in i 7 5 s . to tlie Rev. David Mar- i nus, who in 1760 conveyed to Gerrit Van Houte, who dying about 1790-5, lelt his lands to his children, from whom the title is easily traced. Lot No. 2 also passed into the han I- of the \ an Houtens an I their relatives. I he remainder of Lot No. 3, comprising 628 acres, was sold h\ I'n 1 ccutor: of Henry Brockholst, son and heir-at-law of Anthom Brockholls, in 1 70S, to ( ferrebrandt Van Hou- teii. Helmegh Van Houten, Martin Ryerson ami Abra- ham Godwin, who divided the purchase into sc\ en tracts, which till v took 111 Severalty, and which remained in their families mostly until about the year [825, so that the title to this whole neighborhood is easily traced. That part of the First Ward lying east of Clinton street was in< hided in the Wagaraw patent, given by the Foard 1 1 1 asl Jersey Proprietors in 1701 to Frans Ryersi n, in PA TERS OX, IL 1. 1 T S 7 R. I TED. 73 whose descendants the land remained until about sixty years ago, when it was mostly sold in large parcels, to in- vestors, who caused it to be mapped out into lots, which were sold by these maps during the ensuing thirty or forty years. Another fact that simplifies the searching of titles in Pat- erson is the custom that has been followed during the past twenty-five years of organizing land companies to buy up extensive tracts and improve them. The titles of these companies have been so frequently scrutinized that it is sel- dom thought worth while to go hack of them. There exist to this day fences marking boundary lines in the city of Paterson that were established so long ago as i 714. \\ ithin ten years an extensive farm, known as the Van Houten tract, lying on Broadway and adjacent streets, has been put on the market and sold otl'in building lots, on which have been erected dwellings costing in the aggregate between five and ten million dollars, and yet until within ten years no deed has ever been given for this prop- erty, it having passed by descent or devise during a period ot two centuries. The facts given above show that it is an easy matter for any intending purchaser to satisfy himself regarding land titles in Paterson, Passaic and Acquackanonk. Patersons Water Supply. BEING A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF Tilt: PASSAK w ITER COMPANY. By Mr. JOHN J. BROWN, President of the First National Bark. ' j IIP first record in the hooks of the Passaic Water -*- Company is the following : — Patebson, N. -I . Feb. 11, 1854. A meeting of the Commissioners of the Passaic V\ a. r 1 lornpany was held this evening, wben it was agreed unanimously tbat tbe follow- ing notice be given in the Paterson Guardian and Paterson Intelli- gencer: — NOTICE. Tbe books for the subscription of tbe capital stock of tbe "Passaic Water Company" will be open at tbe office of C. S. Van W Tuesday 7th, Wednesday sth and Thursday tbe 'Jth days ot March, 1854, from la o'clock, A. M., until 5 o'clock P. .\l , each day. Signed, T. D. Hoxsey, John J. Bhown, C. S. Van WaguNEB, • ll>HN DHEW, Samuel Smith. Patebson, Feb. 14. 1854. At a subsequent meeting of the Commissioners held March _ith. an organization was made by the choice of Mr. Van Wagoner as President of the Commission. Mr. Drew as Secretary and Mr. Brown as Treasurer. It was order- ed that when subscriptions were made to the capital stock on the opening of the books, that ten per cent, should be paid; namely one per cent, in cash and nine per cent, in checks, which should he approved by the treasurer. Pursuant to the notice, the hooks for subscription were i) opened on the da\s named. It is possible that if this oc- currence had taken place in this year of grace [S90, there might have been, ev< n in Paterson. a desire to push on an enterprise of so great moment, as the introduction of pure water. Put a! this early date, only few took interest in it. and the lull amount of the subscription to the capital si was only completed 1>\ Mr. John Ryle, who had already subscribed for the largest part, filling up the amount needed, by subscribing for the balance. This was done at the last hour of the last day, before cL sing the hoofs. The original subscribers to the stock were as follows: John Ryle, R. L. Colt, Thomas I). Hoxsey, John J. Brown. Andrew Derrom, Thomas Thorp, William Ryle, jr.. C. S. Nan Wagoner, Peter Ryle. The amount of the capital stock thus subscribed for was $ioo.O(kj. On the nth of March notice was given hv the commissioners, in the papers before named, that the stock- holders would meet for organization. This meeting took place on the 30th of March and resulted in the election of the following, as a Board of Directors : John Ryle, Roswell L. Colt. Cornelius S. Van Wag- oner, Thos. I>. Hoxsey, John T. Brown. Peter Ryle, Tin anas Thorp. ; I 1W1 /: A'.S( W, ILLUSTRA TED. On the 13th day of April, the first meeting of the Board From the very first, and it may be added hen-, to the of Directors was held. At this meeting Thomas l>. Hox- very last Mr. Ryle took an intense interest in the Water sc\ was elected president, William Ryle, fr., treasurer, Company. This did not grow alone out of his large hold- and Thomas rhorp, secretary, .ill foi one v'ear. [t may ings of capital stock, nor out of his connection with the in- he mentioned here that Mr. William Ryle, Jr., was the terest he had in the valuable water privileges before named, latt- Mr. Ryle, so well known as a large manufacturer and 1 lis mind was a broad one, and took in large interest aside importer of silk, and not the present Superintendent of the from that of gain, so that in the development of this great Company, who bears the same name. At this meeting boon to the city of Paterson, his money interest in the also, ii was resolved that |ohn Ryle, C. S. Van Wagoner Company compelled him to go on, but it was subordinate and Thomas 1'. Hoxsey should visit and inspect the water to his public spirit and desire for the public good which wink--. ii Buffalo, Cincinnati and Philadelphia al the ex- constantly led the advance, llis intimate friends know pense of the company. quite well, that a g 1 deal of liis life was spent in what Thus was started into being a company almost without friends; quite without money, with an utterlack of experi- ence; with a very inadequate conception of what a water supply to a city meant; with everything to learn and at a period when only the larger cities had introduced water. As may be imagined, an enterprise like this, requiring so tn speak a giant's strength with only the p >wer of a child could only be attended b\ a world of care, anxiety and he, in his sometimes use of the Yorkshire dialect called "worreting" over his business troubles, lie lived to see the promised laud of the great success of his cherished scheme. lie scarcely more than entered it. hut he doubt- less felt that he could leave to his children some of the results of the care, anxiety and trials of a generation of yeaTS. He was aide in the later years of his life, in refer- ring to the terrible disaster which swept away his fortune , , ,' ,-,,.- ' • by the burninsr of the "Murray Mill," to sa\ "I was ruined trouble, and could only be accomplished alter many mis- , _ , , , • 1 , ,■ ,• • by fire, I w is saved 1>\ water, takes As has been mentioned, the torce ol circumstances compelled Mr. Ryle to take a larger part ol the capital FIRS! Si PPI.Y AM) POWI R. stock ..I the company, than even his very liberal ideas and To go back in our history; Mr. Ryle had before this hopeful disposition had prompted him to do. This be- time acquired possession of a part of the Falls property came a snuce both ol weakness and strength to the com- now owned by the Water Company. He had constructed pany. The position of Mr. Ryle was one of power by the reservoir now known as the -dower reservoir " then, reason ol his having large rights to the waters of the Pas- however, quite small in extent: and he had at the "Gun saic river, derived from agreements with the Society U. Mill" a surplus of power beyond the needs of the mill. M. lie als, had pumping facilities at the ••(inn Mill'" and He proposed to the Company, for a certain sum per had control of the waters of the lower basin below the annum, to supply them with water from his reservoir, the tails. This gave him the power of being greatly useful to wa ter to be forced into the reservoir by his power from the company which now his large ownership of the capi- below. This was all in anticipation oi the mains to be td stock made him, of course, willing to be. On the other i a ; c ] by the Company. This inadequate and costly scheme hand the large subscription which he made involved large fo r lifting water to that altitude, with all the risks oi piping cash payments, too large indeed, to come from one pocket. so rapid a stream as the Passaic often is. so near the falls. It may he fane in mind, by the older re. .dels of this w as after considerable negotiations adopted: and this fiist sketch, that d ill us in those days meant a good deal more supply, and for several years after the only supply, was by than they do now. Paterson had then no reservoirs of this crude and make-shift method of sending the very water capital such as national and savin- hanks to go to. and back, which had just tumbled over the falls, and which neithet real estate, nor silk machinery nor even silk it- again came back tlv.ough reservoir and mains to the streets sell, such little as was here ai th it time endd build water below. So great a mistake must he attributed to inexperi- works. Hence the early 1 icords of the Water Company ence, to lack of means for a more perfect way, and per- show a series of trials, delays, makeshifts and disappoi it- haps charitably, as one ol the same kind of mistakes which incuts from this lack of cash means Some of tin neaih always attend new enterprises, foreseen and inevitable, some as mi\ be supposed, came ..... ., ... , I.A-l ING \IAI\s. unbidden, hut all alike were unwelcome. In the autumn of 1S55 various cities and towns were vis- As an illustration of the value of the dollar of thai day, iu ,,, t „ ascertain the relative value of the so cal i ed cement and als , oi what we in this extrava might call a pipes ,,„„ reports were m |ik . u|1 ,, R . subject) esp ecially grim joke, the following resolution was passed at 1 meet- 1 ,■ iu .1 1. 1 . 1 • 1 s- ,1 1 by General Hoxsey, the President, and in |une. 1656, the ing which provided for the election of directors for die >■ 1 . 1 . .1 ,-',.• 1 vl, "" i ui<: directors voted to adopt the cement pipes for street mains. second \ eai : ..., . ■ ., , . , , 1 lie Sizes tor the \ ai'lOUS streets w ere determined up >n and •• A',:- ■■■':• 1/. That Th 's. I). Hoxsey be paid the sum of a contract was entered into with The Patent Water and (ias one hundred dollars tin- his services as President for the Pipe Co., of Jersey City for a quantity of the pipes and past year, and that the Secretary and the Treasurer be the laying of the same. It is worthy of record, t'\it the paid ten d illars for the same term.'" first contract made with that Company contemplated the PA TERSON, IL L US TRA TED. 75 laving of over fifty thousand feet of mains, or over ten miles. The contract tor trenching was given to Thos. A. Quin, a contractor then living in this city. ISSUE OF BONDS. It need scarcely be said after mentioning the inadequate means with which the Company was launched into being, that money would have to be bo rowed sooner or later; and so it was; only it was '■sooner" and not '-later." At this early time, with large expenditures before them, anil the expectation of revenue only in the future, it need not be wondered at that the contract with the Pipe Company contemplated the payment of a part of the work in bonds. These bonds were accepted by the Pipe Companv , and thus was issued the first ot a class of securities which have become nearly as familiar to the investors of Paterson as the municipal bonds of the city itself. These bonds were not for a large amount and of course have been long since paid. There have been some days since that time, which might well be called dark days for the Company ; some days when it was difficult to raise all the money that was needed for their many wants, but never from that early day of small things to the present has there been a day when the bond-holder waited tor the payment of his interest coupon. CONTRACT WITH Tilt; CITY. As might have been expected, the company made early application to the City Council for a contract for the use ot hydrants for fire protection. As is often the case in matters of this kind, the company were met by many de- lavs and questions, though not quite by refusals. Still the questions would arise as to the pressure, the quantity, the capacity of the pipes, the strength of the pipes; and then above all, the compensation. Without settling these ques- tions the company went on steadily with the work. The mains were laid, and from lack ot better directions, the hy- drants placed where it was thought they would do the most good. Before the final agreement and whilestill the mains were only partly laid and the city partly supplied, a fire took place at the corner of Main and Van Houten streets. where the Continental Hall building was afterward erect- ed. The prevention of a large conflagration by means of the new hydrants was so clearly demonstrated that most of the questions were answered at once, and they being re- moved, satisfactory agreement was arrived at. Mnce that time there have been several contracts made between the two corporations, for the supply ot' hydrants and other public uses, always it is believed to mutual satisfaction. QUIET PROGRESS. In the beginning of 1S57 the Company purchased from Mr. Kyle so much of the falls property as was then deemed necessary tor their use. This was the first pur- chase of real estate which in later days has assumed large proportions. About this time the Company engaged an office for themselves. Hitherto they had used the treas- urer's office. As a commentary on those early times and limited ideas which were the rule, it may be named that it was voted "to lease the rooms above Burnett's book store, lately used by the City Council, for five years, at ciJiH dollars per annum " These rooms be it known had been previously occupied by the cit) as a Council Chamber at si\t\ dollars per annum. "Great Scott:" some one ex- claims, "the Paterson City Hall at sixty dollars a year." Bear in mind, gentle leader, that this was in the year of grace 1857, when city officials furnished their own offices and their own furniture. During this and the succeeding year the sen ices of Gen- eral Hoxsey as President were deemed so efficient and val- uable that his salary was t'txed at $200 per annum, and the sum ot $500 was voted to him as extra compensation for services as engineer and counsel for the Company ; $=;o per annum was likewise deemed the proper figure lor the salary of the secretary. During this and the following year the mains were laid and water was supplied to what w as then called the North Ward. This was by means of a pipe laid on the stone piers under the flooring of the county bridge, permission having been previously obtained from the Hoard of Freeholders. CHANGE OF POWER. The years of 1858—59 and '60 were years of gradual in- crease in the users of water ; increase in expenses and a Continuous demand for more money. These years also de- veloped the utter inadequacy of the means for supplying the reservoir to meet the increased demand for water. Various changes were suggested from time to time, hut not until 1S61 was a determination arrived at, to make a radi- cal change in the method of pumping. The credit of this great change should be awarded to General Hoxsey. It was that the power at the Great Falls should be utilized for pumping, while at the same time the water of the river above the Falls should he used for supplying the reservoir instead of taking it from the basin below. This common sense idea, ami one \er\ easj to see the merit of, alter it was done, was a longer time in being accomplished thin would now be imagined. What any one can now see how to do was then supposed to he too large a work lor the then feeble Company. Columbus and the egg over again, btill it was done. A committee consisting ot the president, the treasurer and Mr. Andrew DeiTOm were empowered to examine methods, consult competent engineers and report as to the practicability and cost. The outcome of this was in the autumn of this year, Air. Emil Gevlcnc, an engineer of Philadelphia, was con- tracted with to execute the work, he being furnished with a turbine wdieel from Dayton, Ohio; rock excavation and mason work by Paterson qnarrymen and the promise of means of payment by the treasurer, the whole work be- ing under the superintendence of General Hoxsey. This method of using a put of Pass lie Falls still goes on. There has been need of enlargement ccrtainh : the turbine of that (\,i\ has given place to a larger one, the excavation in the rock has been made deeper so that more power could be obtained, but the plans of General Hoxsey for the method and his promise of the results was a marked sue 7<> PA7ERS0N, ILLUSTRATED. cess, and now remains fastened in the rocks as a m mti ment ol his sagacity . SECOND RESERVOIR.. The latter end of the yeat h ings tin- tir-t mention of the need ol i second reservoir. There was however, no fur- ther i tio on it until early in the following year, when Mr---:-. Hoxsey, Brown ami Derrom were appointed to in- terview the city authorities with a proposal for the exten- sion of the present contract for tin- suppl) of hydrants. 'I'h - was a- a preliminary consid ration to aid the ( before undertaking si. large an expenditure of Notwithstanding the urgent need of meeting the reasonable demands for abetter suppl} <>l water, various causes prevented action, and like man} other corporations before, and as mam no doubt, will do hereafter, much talk and little performance w s the order of the day ; so that tin it or four vea id, now called the middle resen oir, w as built. \ DISASTER. In the winter of 1S67 an unexpected and terrific disaster befel the Company. It ma) he stated that the entire water supply ol the city at this lime, came through a large main, laid on a bridge built for that purpose cross- ing the river from the Valley of the Rocks to the '-Gun Mill" yard. During a heav) freshet, either by the power 1. 01 b) the heav) masses ni ice which came with the torrent of water, the bridge was carried away and of course the pipes with it This left the city en tin 1\ with- out water It needs no words to tell what this meant. Fortunately the Paterson Gas Company had at that time quite a stock "1 large iron pipe on hand This gave a chance to repair, with little loss of time, what promised to be one of the great disasters to the city Again Gen. Hox- sey's energy ami prompt action helped t 1 lessen the dura- tion 1 ilamity. New pipes wi ... teil with the broken pipes leading from the reservoir and were laid with -ieai rapidity on the I ound (no time being I iken tor excavation) along the Valley ol' the Rocks to 1 then standing, called the "Ryle bridge," cr - bridge anil into the Gun Mill yard, where the} were ..11 iched to the pipes on the south side of the river, thus restoring i nine tion between the leservoir and the city. Many will remember the od I appearance of this new kind ol suppl} pipes, lying as they did, like an rpenl on the highway They will remen the feeling of re 1 let w hen the work was accomplished, pany provided for a night patrol during the in terval between the break and the repair It ma\ be named here that when the perma lent icpair was made, the pipes were anchored in the bed of the river; among the rocks where it is believed I he) are secure from both tl lods and ice. Mr. John Drew. th( 1 Superinti .hut of the (.as 1 1 pany, rendered ven efficient s-.-i v i, ,■- ,,,, this occasi in, and the Company tendered him a present of $250 for this sjrvice. Mi. Drew having signified a preference for a watch as a testimonial, his wish was met by the presenta- tion of a watch and chain costing the same sum. I II I NEW IthSERVOIR. In the spring of [S67 the project for the lon^ talked of new reservoit began to materialize. The laud now occu- pid by the middle reservoir was selected l>\ the directors subject to the approval of Theodore Weston, a capable civil engineer Mr. A. A. Fonda was engaged as the Company's Engineer, and a committee appointed to pur- chase the needed land. During the months of May and [une surveys were made; the property was purchased; the plans were approved ami a contract tor building the reservoir was made. This contract was awarded to Mr. Thomas F. Hoxsey. Nearly a generation who have grown up. so to speak, around it. can att st its stability and usefulness Few only remember the rough gorge which was once the site ol this reservoir As this is the lii-t mention of Mr. Fonda as being en- gaged a engineei 01 the Water Company it is a good place to state, that as Ion-' as he lived, he was the valued and skillful employee of the Compan) : prompt in doing all thai was required of him. ami. so tar as the writer can -.i\ . never made a mistake to the injury ol the Company. His was a s rious loss to the Company, as well as to a large circle ol friends is well as to the community, for his place was oik- hard to fill. At the election this year Mr. Hoxsey retired from the presidency alter thirteen years of faithful service. Mr. lohn Rvle was chosen in his place ami was re-elected from time to time until his death in 1SS7. CONTROVERSY Willi I ill. SOCIETY U M. In the ve.ii iS 1 !, a co 1 trovers) aros^ b itween the Water Compan) ami the Society U. M. as to the use of the water at the falls As might he supposed, where such valuable rights were involved, the controversy was severe, hut the difficulty was kept out of the coin Is by mutual concessions. The settlement at that time > ovcred S iveral very important points, am mg which was ma.iing the well known open- ings in the west side ol tin- Society's dam. which were to 1 the use ol the Water Company, and which are still used. Until quite recently, when a lull agreement was made for the use >.i water, which ma) he named hereafter, w as .1 continuous disagreement over the use of water by the Company; the Society clai ning that water was beyond what t te agreement warranted. This is n iw probably settled for all time B) i s 7'> it had become very evident that the pumping power was inadequate lor the supply of the resen oirs, now two in number, to meet the increasing demand for water. A NIGH"! 1 . > BE REMEMBERED The principal desig 1 ol this sketch is to give a plain hut reasonably full history of the rise and prog ess of the Watei Company, ami therefore little else than a simple' statement ol the facts necessar) lor a proper understanding of it has been deemed necessary. A little departure from PA TERSON, ILL I T STRA TED. 77 this method, may. however, be permitted, so faras togive an the mouth of the ppe, caught the first flow of water and account of an occurrence, which had in it the elements of scattered it on the bystanders. expectation, fear, joy, relief, etc.. combined A dim, misty tradition belongs to that night and the The occasion was the trial point of the successor failure two following days ; but as there is no record of it in the of these new pumps They were untried : large, they were books, it may be deemed as untrue It is that there was a called then ; made by new men so far as such construction very open house kept by ■•mine host" at the falls, and that went: and the results of the trial were of that painful inter- all were made welcome to eating and drinking as they est which can onlv be imagined when one can think of a pleased to come, and it is said too. that a good many came. LARGE PURCHASES. whole community being deprived ol water. Ot course every preparation was made to shorten the time which must elapse between the cutting oil the old system and the In 1S71 the purchase of the Oldham's property was made, connection with the new. taking in the mills, machinery and lake connected thcrc- The pumps and their connections were completed as far with. This was done mainly for the possibilities lot- as was possible before this severance was made. A Sun- storage of water in the lake and its surroundings, dav was chosen for tie time as the day when the least No efforts for utilizing this prop rty as to a water supply water was needed. The reservoirs were tilled to the have been made up to this time, and the onlv benefits to brim. Then all means lor pumpirg was cut oil', and the the Company have been from the buildings, the water citv hail onlv the supply already in the reservoirs to rely power and the control ot' the lake with the ice which is upon, with the narrow margin o the success ol the new formed thereon. pumps, and the time it might take to complete the con- The following year the Company made the largest ot [lection As may be surmissd, no time was lost. As many their purchases. This was the whole tract, comprising as eon!, I work in the narrow limits ot' the wheel pit, quite the falls property not already acquired, and taking in the below the surface of the surrounding water, weie laboring property where the "Totowa reservoir" now stands, and in the dim light of the oil lamps, but they worked with a all the lands between Totowa avenue and the river. This will. Instead of the work being completed by the close of purchase was $270,000. the day as was anticipated the hours of the early night In 1872 and [873 Totowa was supplied with water. •came, and then midnight came still finding some of the This could only be done by building a reservoir high work incomplete. Never d seemed were b .Its so hard to enough to serve this elevated part of the city. No less fasten : never screws so difficult to wot,. Meanwhile the than five miles of mains were required for this supply, rese voir had gone down at the close ot the dav, and the ,..,.,. , , COMPLAINTS AND CRITICISMS. interested watchers welcomed the night, it it was only that the water would then cease being used. Still the water At times during these later years some complaints w ere weat down ; and so to speak, the fear went up as to what heard as to an inadequate suppbj of water. It was ques- woul I be done in case of hie for that put of the town tioned whether there was a proper head, or that the mains then without water. Midnight came and it could onlv lie were not too small. These comments were developed, or a few minutes before the last bolt woul I be in place The rather intensified by reason of a lack of water tor the anxious faces were pitiful to look at. The builders were steamers at two fires, which occurred, perhaps in 1874. there, cue worn but reliant. .Mr Rvle had left the ground, Fear was expressed bv both people and press that there s ire hearted that there was any failure to keep up the sup- was a lurking danger to the city by reason of some defic- ply : for the full moan looked down that night on a reser- iency growing out of either of the above named causes, or voir lined with mud; there seemed not a gallon left. Mr. perhaps from both combined. The subject was taken up Fonda the engineer, Mr. Brown the treasurer, Mr. J. C. by the Board of Trade, who through a committee consist- Ryle the secretary, Genera! Hoxsey, "Andrew" Ed- ing of Messrs. John Cooke, Benjamin Buckley and Wil- wards (still with the company) and '-Rome" (Romulus Hum G. Scott, made a careful investigation. Their report Viccland) pump tender, were with a few others the anx- stated "that there was no foundation for the unfavorable ions hut hopeful watchers. The word came that the water reports which had been circulated." that, "in their judg- could be turned on : the turbine wheel speed on its way. ment there was an abundant supply to keep our steamers and soon the great arms of the pumps begin to move in full operation during the existence of any tire.'" The slowly but steadily : but they told that the work was done. report goes on to say, "this opinion is based upon the fol- The watchers hastened to the reservoir to watch the com- lowing facts: that the two reservoirs which are in use. ex- ing stream. It flashed out in the moonlight, and a large eluding the new Totowa reservoir, contain ten million gal- part of Paterson was saved from a water famine by a Ions of water, while the pumping facilities are such that narrow margin indeed. The relief was intense, and one the supply in reservoirs can be replenished at the rate ol incident of the ■ let up" may be named. While waiting six millions per twenty-four hours;" that "the six steam for the water to be forced through the inlet pipe. General tire engines, when on lire duty, would be supplied for Hoxsey picked up a bucket which stood at hand, ran to nearly three days stead) pumping without an) water being 78 / PATERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. supplied to the reservoirs, while the pumps are capable "1 supplying the reservoirs with twice as much water per hour as all the steamers can use in thai time." The com- mittee also gave statements as in mains and gates as well as to the method in which it is made possible "to divert the water from the usual courses, and the whole force of tin' reservoir be given t<> one or more sections as may be required." It is worthy of record here, that at this time, attention was called by the Board of Trade to a still greater subject, namely the interest which the large cities in northern New [ersey should take in preserving and utiliz- ing the water supply for their own uses. The committee close their report with these words : "The subject of co- operating with Newark and fersey City, in regard to a future supply of water for said cities" is of •■such great importance and involving questions which require such careful investigation," that they ask to be relieved from considering it. We of this day, know tint these questions of "such great importance" were iml duly investigated by any of the in- terested patties, and they are now compelled to treat with Others for a supply : men of another state, who had the wit to conceive, the boldness to applv and the financial ability to take in hand SO great a work are at this time, engaged in an enterprise which once could only he undertaken by a nation. Notwithstanding the favorable report made by the Board ol Trade, the Company proceeded to increase the pump- ing power, and placed a new pump in the Valley of the Rocks with necessary dam and wheel. This was an attempt to utilize the power which had already been used at the tails. This again going hack to the old system of forcing the water from the lower basin to the reservoirs above, was so manifestly a waste of power, that it was soon abandoned tor the better plan of using coal for power, lather than using water at so great a disadvantage. FKARS "l V WATER FAMINE The summer of 1S75 was an extraordinarily dry one. This was the year when several of the large cities nearly prohibited the use of water, except tor the most necessary purposes. The sprinkling of streets, the washing of wagons, the use of fountains and garden hose, with some Other uses of water were r. Stricted or prohibited. The Passaic Water Company were not compelled to resort to these measures, but they did doubtless trespass considera- bly upon the kindly feeling ol' tin- S. I'. M. and probably overstepped the rights which had been accorded to the Company. At atl) rate, such a claim was made, and was finally liquidated at a heavy cost. Still the people of the city hail the water, and that w is satisfactory to them, who- ever might sutler in purse for it. The year was a dry one as has been said. Some entertained the fear that the Passaic rivet was gradually falling away, and tint the fol- lowing year or years would be more trying than the pres- ent. I KAN KLIN LAKE. This apprehension of a water famine, (possibly there w eie no other reasons) induced the then managing directors of the Company to look to the waters of Franklin Lake as a source of supply. A committee was appointed to in- vestigate the subject. This committee made so lav orablc a report, that the Company agreed to buy from the "owners of Franklin Lake, and from the Franklin Lake Company" ••all their rights and franchises." At the lime this purchase was made there were also purchased all the rights ol' power and privileges of flooding lands on the river im- mediately below the Great balls. Whatever maybe the ultimate value of these costly grants and purchases, they have thus far been of no benefit to the Company; lor in all the varied schemes for securing larger supplies ol" water, Franklin Lake has borne no part. Indeed so little account was made of these rights, to meet the ever grow- ing demand for more water, that at a meeting ol' directors held Sept. 28, 1876, the following action was taken : WHEREAS, in consequence of the unprecedented drouth during the past summer the Water Company has suf- fered much inconvenience from the short supplv ol' water: and for the better providing of an ample supply in the future, and as a guarantee of a perfect and ample supplv, on motion of W. Ryle seconded bv Peter Rvle, therefore be it Resolved, That the Company purchase a steam pump and boilers to be used as an auxiliary to their present pumps and machinery at the Passaic Palls, and that the steam pump shall not be less in capacity than one and a half million gallons in twenty-four hours; and that exca- vations he made at once for the placing of the steam pump and boilers, and that the same be enclosed in a suitable building; and that the President be authorized and is hereby empowered to make such purchases and improve- ments. At this same meeting Mr. Edward Osborn was elected a director in place of Genera] Hoxsey who had retired. In pursuance ol' the decision for obtaining additional [lower at the Palls Mr. lames BeggS was called in to propose plans and specifications. This did not occur un- til late in the autumn of [877. The plans provided for a steam pump which would deliver 3,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. It is sufficient to sav here that at a laKge expense the new power was put in and the building erected ovei it under the superintendence of Mr. Beggs, and for all the vears since has proved an efficient aux- iliary whenever it has been needed. A CHANG] I X M V X vol. M IX I . In April 1S77 a very radical change was made in the management of the Company. The seats of all the direc- tors except thai of Mr. Ryle the president were vacated: their places wile taken bv men who had either as stock- holders or bondholders acquired a large interest in the L'ompauv. These new nun were the late William Ryle, who had in the early history of the Company been a di- rector and officer ; Mr. William A. I bidden, ol' I bidden & Co., N. Y.. Mr. William II. Fogg, of the China and Ja- pan Trading Co., also of N. Y. Hon. Seth Low was also. PA TERSON, ILL I 'STRA TED. 79 elected, but resigned before taking his seat in the Board. His place was filled by the election of the late John Shaw. Mr. Brown also resumed his seat in the Board, which he had some time before vacated. This change in the man- agement was made necessary by reason of the financial embarrassments which the Company had gotten into by a too free use of its money and credit. The new Board proceeded at once to take measures for restoring the credit of the Company, and rescue it from the peril which faulty management had produced. It is not necessary to dwell in detail on this part of the history of the Company. It may almost go without saying that a Board of Directors such as were then in office, would be quite likely to bring order and success to a financial condition, when what was needed was only a right use of the great resources of the Company. This history would be quite imperfect did it fail to record that in this trying time for the Company, the late William Rylc, who as before named, came again into the direction, proved himself a tower of strength. His clear head and persistent efforts were of the most valued kind. He used his position as a director, as a large credi- tor of the Company, as intimately connected in business relations with other large creditors, and his own means as well in this effort to make the restoration of the credit of the Company a success. He had able helpers certainly in some of the other directors, and the First National Hank gave important aid to the efforts of the management. Still a true statement calls for a record that a large measure of the praise for the rescue of the Company from imminent peril, is due to the late William Ryle. This statement is permitted now that he has (with so many of those who were associated with him in this transaction) passed into the land where praises and blame are alike unheeded. STILL M« IRE WATER. The history of the Water Company, perhaps of all water works, private or public, shows a continuous demand tor an additional supply of water. Hence, notwithstanding the additional power named above, only a few years inter- vened before the necessity for more water seemed as great as before. Indeed so great was the apparent need tor a more plentiful supply that the Board of Trade again took the subject up and appointed a committee to make a care- ful investigation as to the efficiency of the Company in fully supplying the city. This committee consisting of Messrs. William Strange, Watts Cooke, William G. Scott and II. V. Butler, made a very full and elaborate report under date Dec. 2S, 1SS0. This report maybe found in the published records of the Board of Trade for [SSo— I, and showed fully the condition of the Company, with its facilities for supplying the city. Their recommendations were of an important character, and were accompanied with the statement that some of the former promises made by the Company bad not been fully carried out. A sup- plemental report made at the beginning of the next year, stated that the Water Company were aware of the grow- ing needs of the city, that they had not been unmindful of the requirements, that a good deal had been done, but that there had been an unlooked for increase in the consump- tion of water and that it was "admitted that more strenu- ous measures were now needed to insure the city against the possibility of a scarcity of supply in the future." The result of these inquiries and reports together with the knowledge on the part of the Company that the additions were required prompted immediate action, and the Com- pany at once contracted with W. <>. & J. Watson for a duplicate set of horizontal pumps the same as were al- ready used. These were placed without loss of time. About this time the Company purchased and placed at the pumping works the large steam engine which had for a long time been King unused at the Arkwright Mill, now 1 lohcrtv ee Wadsworth's. At this time was also built the high chimney at the pumping work-,. These improvements were made after plans of Mr. James Beggs. THE STONY ROAD RESERVOIR. In the early part of 1SS4, the purchase was made of the property now known as the Stony Road reservoir. The directors of the Company had cast longing looks upon this property for many years. This site and the high lands then belonging to the late Mr. Ileins, now part of the Laurel Grove Cemetery, were both selected as admirable sites for what was needed. The last named could have been obtained with little trouble, and was in many re- spects very suitable, but the other was so far superior in every respect, except that of size, that the Company hesi- tated to take anything but the best, and determined to bide their time in hopes that it might be purchasable. This oc- curred as before named, in the spring of 1SS4. Not for a year after this purchase was any work done in the con- struction of the reservoir. During the following year however the work of construction was put under way and was completed in the most perfect manner as is so well known to those who are experts in such works. To Mi. William Ryle the superintendent, and Mr. T. V. Hoxse) the contractor, great credit is due for the manner in which this noble work was executed. A CHANGE hi OWNERSHIP. In the year [887 a great change took place in the own- ership of the Water Company. Some change was also made, though not quite so radical, in the management of its affairs. The large money interests which had so long been held by Mr. John Ryle and to a lesser extent by the directors, resident in New York, had been parted with, with the consequent result of their places in the Board of Directors being made vacant. Messrs. (Janet A. Hobart. Edward T. Bell, T. F. Hoxsey and William Ryle were elected in their places. Mr. John Ryle retained his place as president. These gentlemen still constitute the Board, with the exception that the death of Mr. Ryle. the presi- dent, made a vacancy in the Board which had not been Idled and compelled the election of a new president. This change in the ownership of the Company brought into its interest men of large minds and large means. So PATERSON, ILLUSTRAT). D. I'k. , had already, as has been before named, grasped the greal idea of utilizing the waters of the Passaic river and its tributaries with the almosl limitless possibilities for the storage of water for the cities of Northern New Jersey. Later on than the change thus referred to, the general public has through the newspaper press become aware <>t the purposes of this combination. Ii is no less, so the statements are, than thai through the various corporations which arc more or less under their control, i<> supply not only the cities of Northern New Jersey, "but for furnish- in,; New York City and Brooklyn, when their demands shall exceed the quantity obtainable from their present sources." It is not a part of the history of the Water Company to make further references to this great enter- prise; besides it is already published inure full} than it can be here. It is sufficient to say, thai the Passaic Water Company have made large and valuable contracts with the corporations controlling the waters of the Passaic, which give a guarantee tin' the future supply for many years to come, not only to this city, but to Passaic and Clifton like- wise. These great advantages, were only obtainable at large cost, but all the same the benefit comes to the people, and generations to come will enjoy the great benefits, when the schemers and workers are quite fogotten. i I l \ WO COMPANY. Several times during the history of the Company pro- positions have been made looking to the acquirement ol the works by the city. At times, there seemed to lie a near consummation of it: but some opposition was devel- oped that prevented ii. ((pinion-- have always varied as to the policy ol' the city becoming the owner ol' the w orks, and when the niatlerwa- referred to the people themselves, as was tin- case on more than one occasion, the decision was against the acquisition. It is probable therefore, that the presenl condition of tilings will continue, and that the city of Paterson and the adjacent city of Passaic wiil be supplied with water by the Passaic Water Company. It is a matter of congratulation to all concerned, that there lias been so good an understanding, so much ol mu- tual forbearance and so little of irritation as then been, between the two corporations m, prominent, and so intimate! with the welfare of the city, as are the city and the Company. Of course it is understood that their interests are mutual, but still, that does not always insure the absence of unpleasant attrition between large corporations. The relationship between the two are quite well underst lod, but it may not be out of place t< i say hen-, to the general reader, that the city is a large custo to the Company, paying for lire protection and sanitary purposes, while the Company makes large returns in taxes paid, and the willing devotement to the people of the city for their use and pleasure, more than twenty-five act park, river and Palls. This superb spot has no parallel in the State and has been made free to all. i c . \ i ii s I O N . Little remains u, be said. In this sketch there has keen a studious avoidance where it was possible, of any refer- ence to i lie labors of those si ill living, ami now connected with the Company. A slight departure may he permitted perhaps, so lar as to name al least. Mr. William K\lc. the presenl superintendent. Much of the present efficiency of the present w oiks, and ne ai 1\ all of I he watchful care dur- ing the later years, over the reservoirs, pipes, gates, engines, hydrants and the score of other things pertaining to the water supply of a city, may be credited to him. He has had the care growing oul of the daily needs of the Company's work, and at midnight as well as at midday is w on I to be summoned to meet the requirements of some unexpected and untoward mishap. This little allusion to him will not perhaps he gratifying to his modest estimate of himself, hut he will first see it here, only with the gen- eral reader, and will have to endorse it as best he may. I\ M EMI mi \M. The late President of the Company, Mr. John k\lc. was it is well understood intimately connected with it. from the very first, hut not for that alone, kui because ol his equally well known work in this city as a leader ol men, a place is given here, to make a more enduring rec- ord, of tile resolutions placed on the minutes of the Com- pany on the occasion of his death. Extkai is pjsom Minutes, Nov. 14th, 1887. "Mr. Hobart then stated that tin- object of the mei ting was that as the Hon. John Kyle, th< President of the Company, had lately died in Ifingland, leaving not only a vacancy in tin- Board of Directors, but in the office .il' tin' President of the Company, it was fitting that proper memorial or resolution !»■ passed by this Board, expressive of tin a loss. And upon motion of .Mr. Hobart, seconded by Mr. Bell, it was unanimously resolved that a committee of two ]k rsous consisting of John -I. Brown ami Edward T. Bell, be appointed to prepare ami sub- mit to the next meeting "I tin- Board, suitable resolutions, i the sense of the Board of Dii ctors at tin- loss this Company has tained." From Mini tj s. Nov. Ism, iss7. ".Mr. J i 'In i .1. Brown then proposed the follov lution : Winia vs. the painful intelligence ha- reached as "1' the unexpected di uh of our esteemed Associate Director ami President, John Ryle, ai. "i near lu- Conner home in England, it is eminently fitting thai a tribute of lespect should !"■ paid i i his m oiory by those with whom hr bus so long associated, ami by whom bis character and virtues arc held in Im liesoloed. That in the death of -1111111 Ryle this Oompauj ha- linn called upon to sustain the loss of one wl f the ( impauy from its formation, now thirty-three years since, ami its President for many years last pasl ha- ever shown an interest and devotion in its h could ul a: 1 !;. 1 ,1 1\ ami constant de\i to m 1 1 its wi II /,'..v Bed, L'hat the Board of Di] ctors as individuals and as a bndy, tender their sincere sympathy t 1 Ins family, confident thai fchej will iiml tin' consolation which max w lb obtained ii lo ii back over a life s 1 worthily liesvlccd, thai ing preamble ami resolutions be recorded in the minutes of the Board of Directors; a copy of the si 1 bi traus- nritted to his family, and that they be published in the 1 i 1 ol thi 1 ty. I']i"ii the unanimous adoption of the above, Mr. Hill then moved that iln Directors ol tins Company attend the funeral of their lad' I'ri ident as a body, which was also adopted." PA PERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. 8 I THE END. Except for a few statistical statements this history ends here. Not so, however, the work of the Company. This must go rdll it is not the purpose of this sketch of '''isJrVi- 1 the free public schools of Paterson to present their M$P ,. history in detail, it will not be inappropriate to preface a description of their present by brief allusion to their past — their establishment and development. "Until 1827, there was no free public school in Paterson or iu the present limits of Passaic county. The Legislature had enacted a law in 1820 looking toward the establishment "f free popular education, but few communities availed themselves of its provisions for many years. In some cases township trustees selected teachers for what were called the public schools, ami a small tax was raised to help defray the expen- ses, but the ] arents paid the teacher a certain sum for each chilli's tui- tion ; the children of indigent families were of course taught free, if they were willing to In- distinctively known as -poor children,' as few i t them were. "A number of the public-spirited citizens of Paterson. being of the opinion that the town ought to support a free school, held a meeting on Saturday, April 7, 1827, and appointed Marks W. Collett, Dr. James Warren, and Abraham Godwin, Jr., a committee to draw up a memo- rial to be presented at the town meeting the next Monday, recommend- ing the raising by tax of $400 for school purposes in Acquackanonk township, 'to be expended by the Town Committee, agreeable tothe act of 1820, in the education of poor children of the township. ' ' Iu June the Towu Committee met and allotted ^'iTo to Paterson and $125 to the rest of the township, a committee of prominent citizens 1>. ling ap- pointed 'to take charge and select such children whose parents were not able to pay for their education ' * .' Rev. Mr. Gibson, a gradu- ate of Washington College, Perm., was engaged as a teacher at $>75 per quarter, he to find his own fuel. During the year, 134 scholars were enrolled, 70 or 80 of whom began with the alphabet The school was visited at least once a week by some member of the committi Such, then, was the first free public school of Paterson. its object being mainly charitable in that it was established for the special benefit of those who were unable to pa\ for the education of their children. To-day what a chorus of resentment would arise from the hundreds oi class rooms of the schools of our large city, and from the homes ^\ the thousands of children who are being educated in these schools, if some one were so rash or ill-informed as to in- timate that public education is a form of public charit) ! Prom one little school established through charitable motives and consisting of a few score children, the major- •••Hlstorical Slcetcn of Schawls in Paterson," by William Nelson, (1877). it\ of whom were, learning the alphabet, has sprung the well-organized and efficient public school s\ s t r ui of which the people of Paterson have good reason to feel proud. Pitteen large, well-equipped, brick buildings, a corps of twi i hundred and twenty trained teachers, and an enrollment of fifteen thousand pupils during a year have succeeded the little rented room, its single teacher, and its handful of pupiK distinctively known as "poor children." To-day these are the schools of the people, and in them the child- ren of the rich and of the poor meet as equals and receive instruction which, though absolutely free, has long since ceased to lie regarded as charitable. Xot only are the schools free as regards tuition, but also in all school-supplies needed by the pupils. The best school text-books in all tiie various subjects covered 1>\ the courses of instruction, from the lowest to the highest de- partment, and even the pencils, pens, paper, and writing- 1 ks, are freely and abundantly supplied by means of funds annually appropriated for the purpose by the Board of Education. Besides the outfit required by the individ- ual pupils, the schools are well supplied with maps. globes, charts, and other apparatus essential to in- struction. The advantages of a uniformity of text-books and of their being supplied at public expense are so evi- dent as to need no exploiting here, and in this particular the school system of" Paterson stands m the front rank. — free text-books not being supplied in all cities, by any means. ORGANIZATION. The public school system of the City oi Paterson, under the jurisdiction of the Board of Education comprises Pri- mary, Grammar, High, and Normal schools. Kindergar- ten classes are attached to the Primary Department of the schools, and a Manual Training shop provides accommo- dation for the instruction in wood-working, etc.. of the bovs of the High school and of the higher grades of the Grammar schools. The manual training feature finds fur- ther embodiment in the study of form and drawing in all the grades of the schools, and in instruction in plain sewing, &c, ' 1 PATERSON, 1LI.VS1 RATED. for the girls, besides such methods of instruction as in any particular train the senses or the hand to execute the sts of the mind in expression or delineation. COURSES Ol - II \w . The course of studs in the Primary schools covers a period of five years, thai of the Grammar schools four years, of the High school three years, and of the Normal s( hi '"l one \ ear. In the Primary and Grammar schools the course of in- struction embraces reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, grammar, geography, U. S. history, and civil government, physiology and hygiene, and the stud} of form and draw- ing. Promotions from grade to grade in the Primary schools are made either whenever the progress of pupils warrants, or at the cud of the school year as a result of an- nual examination, the latter being the method which deter- mines promotions in the Grammar schools, graduation from them and promotion to the High school, promotion in the latter and graduation therefrom. HIGH S( IK ml.. Hie High school embraces two courses, a general course ol three years covering subjects in language, litera- ture, science, mathematics, and in lustrial drawing, and a commercial course of two years covering business law, commercial arithmetic and bookkeeping. Any pupil holding a certificate of graduation from a Grammar school, or an\ person who shall pass an examin- ation equivalent to that to which graduates of the Gram- mar - ho ils are subjected is entitled to enter the Ilitedi scho d and may pursue either of its courses. It is inten led that the near future shall witness a special eftbrl to make the commercial course of the High school so thorough and desirable as to induce many of both sexes to continue in attendance and reap its advantages instead of terminating their school career on graduation from the Grammar I ds. Instruction in the High school is imparted 1>\ the Prin- cipal and a corps of eight assistants, to each of whom are assigned at least two subjects or stu lies, the pupils chang- ing fr nil one teacher and room to others to receive in- struction. By this method instructors become experts in pies -ir special subjects, and the students receive the benefits of the increased skill and knowledge of teach- ers who teach subjects and n >t grades. PRIM \m AMI GR \\l M \K si m i il s. As the great majority ofthe pupils leave school at the lusionofthe Primary course, or at the- latest during Grammar com i ial end ivor is made to give the instruction in these s ho ils the m >sl practical direction possibl -. and hence the course embraces only those studies which ii ii isl essential, and thorough w irk is required. \' IR MAI s, in II I] . A Normal school for the education and training of teachers is maintains 1 by th Boat 1 of Education and cov- ers one year's course of stu ly and practice. Pupils in this school which is at present located in the High school building, receive instruction in the history, principles and methods of education, mental and moral philosophy and scl 1 government. The students have practice under competent supervision. This school is under the immedi- ate direction of the Principal ofthe High school, and his efforts are seconded by an aide training teacher. Any graduate of the High school may be admitted to the Normal school: other applicants are admitted upon pass- ing an examination equivalent to that taken by graduates of the High school. At the end of the school year the stu- dents are subjected to a thorough examination by the Board of Examiners, on successfully passing which they are awarded diplomas of graduation an 1 are granted "pri- mary certificates" as teachers. It will be seen from the forgoing that wise provision is made for the pedagogic instruction and training yearly of a corps of well educated \ oung w omen for the purpose of taking the places made vacant by the resignation of others or to meet the requirements ofthe constanl growth of the school system. These young teachers are firsl appointed temporarily, on probation ; if successful, they recen e the re- commendation ofthe Principals of the schools t > which they have Keen temporarily assigned, and upon approval by the Superintendent, th | are regularly appointed as teachers. Although one year's professional training is scarce- ly sufficient to fit all students theoretically for the responsible an I arduous duty of teaching, yet our people are to be mgratulated upon ha\ ing e\ en one year's stu ly and prac- tice ofthe art of teaching interposed as a condition to the appointment of any person as a teacher of their children. In this respeel Paters in stan Is in the front rank ofthe city school systems of our country. It is true that not every young person who aspires to become a teacher, and takes a course of instruction with that en 1 in view, is endowed h\ nature with qualitities which best adapt her to till acceptably the teacher's office; but it is equally true that in supply of so-called teachers would be much greater, and vastly inferior in quality, in the absence of Normal [Yarning schools. Other things being equal the skill and general efficiency ofthe young teacher trained in the philosophy of edu- cation an I methods of instruction and the whole supple- mented by frequenl advice, suggestion and discussion rela- tive to school management, exceeds immeasurably that of one who has not been thus trained. A city which makes provision for recruiting the ranks of its tea fori : through the instrumentality of Normal instruction of thos, to be enrolled in that cups, offers inducements which are always properly considered and fully appreci- ated by paren s who w mid have the education of their children intelligently conducted. MANl \i n:\i\i NG. Besides the occupations an 1 methods ofthe regular class rooms of the schools, our training shop is the scene of busy, daily work an 1 instruction. Here on any school day may be seen classes of boys from the Higrh school and (.ram- PA TERSON, IL L I r STRA TED. mar schools distributed at the work-benches preparing "working drawings" from which to construct the joints, mortices, tenons, etc., pertaining to the special exercise in hand, and then proceeding to the use of the various tools required in its performance. The instruction and practice proceeds from lessons in the use of the tools and the sim- plest lessons in sawing and planing of material to the con- struction and fitting of joints, etc., common in carpentry and joinery, and from lesson to lesson the pupils advance to more complex work and to new fields for the exercise of thought and acquired skill. Exactness of drawing and measurement, and care in the performance of the work, are seen to be so necessary to the prevention of error and consequent botchery, that pupils become impressed with the importance of close, careful calculation and concentra- ted attention, and thus the faculties are cultivated. All lack of care, of reflection, bears its legitimate fruit, and the incautious pupil has in the spoiled, misshapen material before him an evidence that success and perfection are to be found only in. and as a result of care and thought, and t'lat lacking these his attempts have naturally ended in failure. He has received, and. in all probability, been benefited by a lesson in caution and painstaking, and re- flection supplements the whole in future endeavors. It is not difficult to illustrate how. by context, such a pupil bee i;nes a more thoughtful, painstaking student of arith- metic, of geometry, of language, of geography, etc., and that not only his hand, but his judgment as well, is being trained, educated. Again, while the learning of a trade i- not the objective point in this feature of manual training, opportunity is '_dvcn students an 1 their parents to discover the genius, or lack of it, exhibited by contact with me- chanical employment. If it be discovered that students have taste for handicraft, and native facility in the manipu- lation of tools and materials, these mav serve as a guide to the choice of occupation to be adopted on leaving schools. It" indeed the youth possesses mechanical genius, it will be far better that he become an expert mechanic or artizan — that he follow the occupation for which he has natural aptitude and which through training will achieve success in life — than that he become what the ordinary tendency of the education of the schools has heretofore induced, i. e., .a fourth-rate physician, clergyman, lawyer, or teacher. KINDERG VK I i:\. The Kindergarten is one of the most striking illustrations of the effect produced bv the process of adapting the instruc- tion, in its manner and matter, to the young child's nature and capacity . Although it has not been found entirely prac- ticable toado,>t fully and exclusively the Kindergarten meth- ods in the lowest grades of our schools, vet such a modifi- cation o( these methods have been so introduced as to greatly ameliorate the condition of the youngest pupils while in the class rooms. The little ones are provided with very frequent changes of employment for head and hand, and thus even among the youngest pupils we have a genuine incorporation of manual training adapted to their mental and physical wants — an alteration of apparent play and more abstruse occupation, all having an objective point and being under the enlightened control of the teacher, who merely causes that control to be so far felt as to prevent undue freedom of action. The ordinary lowesl grade primary class is decidedly objectionable, because it assumes that very young children are capable of remaining employed upon "studies" exclusively, and compels them to remain confined to these twice as long as they should be. if wise regard for their mental and physical well-being were the standard of estimate. Happily for the little one-, the adoption of Kindergarten methods in the schools of 1'ateis ui has done much to rationalize objectionable condi- tions, and in this we claim favorable consideration in esti- mating the value of our local school system. Steadily, from year to year, our system of schools has improved. Modern and philosophic methods in manage- ment, in teaching, in disciplining and controlling pupils, are continuing to replace those of a period during which all these were entrusted to those vv hose chief qualification was availability. But we recognize that this manifest im- provement, this almost revolution, has not been the work of an individual in am of its phases of progress. Main earnest and intelligent workers have, from time to time, placed their shoulders to the wheel, and the result of their efforts, each supplementing that of the others, ha- been to give to our large and rapidlv growing city a school system of which no Patersonian need feel ashamed, though still seeking lor its further improvement. Paterson Business College. s ?NE of the most important establishments in the city, and one contributing materially to the success of merchants, manufacturers and oth- " -'*V'£«V.'* ers, is the educational institution in charge ft ' ^fTT*' •5s,» ! Mte ! of Mr. Geo. W. Latimer. The education ^S^L of business men is especially demanded in , : : this countiy. All the powers and attain- ments and manhood ol the American busi- ness man are laid under contribution in every direction, supervision ol his business requires him to employ bookkeepers and clerks, to whom are relegated the minor details; but these very detail- are of supreme impor- tance to the merchant or manufacturer and unless he has a thorough business education himself he is frequently to a greater or less degree dependent on his clerks. The bene- fits of a good business training are consequently apparent to all. The work of a business college i- supplementary to all other school-, of whatever kind. It is broadly and emphatically a professional school and although the techni- cally educated business man is not recognized as belonging to the learned professions, it is not necessarily because he is nol learned. The time to acquire a knowledge of busi- ness forms and customs i- before entering the counting room, a- the attention of those in charge is taken up by more important matters which cannot be laid aside ti 1 the rudiments of an entry oi the forms oi a bill or receipt are explained. Business has been brought down to an actual science and must be treated according to sc entific princi- ples which can hardly be learned during the hurry and bus- tle of mercantile life Imbued with the idea that Paterson needed such a school Mr. Latimer in [876 established the Business College. Mr. Latimer had been engaged in teaching for man} years and hi- services a- an expert accountant had been in greal demand. He was certainly well qualified for the under- taking and that he has succeeded is amply evidenced by tin- progress made since tin- establishment of the coll that his methods were appreciated is -hown by the fact that student- from considerable distances are attending his institution; the superior excellence ol his training is testi- fied to b\ the fact that he has met with no rivals in the field which lie ha- so abb and successfully occupied. The aim of hi- school i- to qualify those who come from private and public school- with no idea of business to do business intelligently either for themselves or tor others. And even those who have had some experience in business may with advantage take a commercial course specially adapted to their circumstances. Besides this the needs of another class are supplied; young men who through neglect or want of early opportunities require instruction in special studies. Particular attention is given to train- ing student- in the use of the vernacular. If there i- any one thing more than another that the average school boy is wofully deficient in it is language — grammar, spelling, &c. The careful individual supervision of the students' work and the nature of this work make it possible to cor- rect this fault to a greater extent than can be done in any other class of schools. It is not alone the fact that the branches taught are practical which commends this school to the public, but more especially the watchful and indi- vidual training that each student receives. This is the only way in which a business course of study can be taught successfully. When conducted by means of class instruction at the best it can be only superficial work, likclv to give incorrect ideas, which will be made apparent afterward- in that co-tliest of schools, experience. A business education i- too -erious a matter to be trilled with; there are always likely to be base imitation- of a good thing, and the counterfeits are in themselves evi- dences in proof of the worth of the genuine article. It therefore behooves a young person who is ready to pur- sue a bu-iness course and be litted lor active lite to go to headquarters, to an institution with the prestige that comes from work well and honestly done during many years. Such an institution is Mr. Latimer's Paterson Business College which has long been and will ever continue to be the centre for the preparation of out youth |i >r business life. The Paterson Business College oilers superior advan- tages in die following respects: — 1. In ever) department of mathematics, more particu- larly in rapid calculation, and the method ol teaching it to others. 2. Rapid business writing and the manner and method of presenting it to the studenl so that good writing i- the PA PERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. §7 rule in books and papers of every student. One of the first qualifications that recommend a young person who is seeking an opening in business is a good business hand- writing, not a school-boy hand, but an easy off-hand Style combined with rapidity. Mr. Latimer has been eminently .successful in developing such a style. 3. Book-keeping h) single and double entry, simplified and elucidated in such a manner that the student is inter- ested at once, the science made clear, and all the modern labor-saving methods introduced and fully comprehended. 4. The college hall is pleasant, healthy and commodi- ous, and the furniture and fixtures substantial, comfortable and coin enient. ^. The institution has a reputation for sending out young men thoroughly prepared for business and therefore has the confidence and respect of the community. One of the great advantages of the college is that a thor- ough business education is acquired by actual business transactions by means of the college bank, the insurance department, the jobbing, wholesale exporting and import- ing, each of which does actual business and has corres- pondents in a number of cities in the country. Each stu- dent is obliged to keep his accounts correct in whatever department he may be operating, for the reason that a friendly business competition here exists among the stu- dents, just the same as in actual business affairs between merchants. Each student is supposed to lie in earnest. The\ are treated like men and are supposed to act like men engaged in the serious atlairs of life. In this way tin- business ability of the student is raised to the highest standard. The course of study embraces book-keeping, penmanship, business arithmetic, correspondence, com- mercial law. language, practical grammar, spelling and definition, parliamentary practice, lectures on current top- ics and in fact all branches pertaining to business atlairs. The practical department consists of the fust national bank, commission house, insurance, jobbing, manufactur- ing and transportation. Lectures on business affairs and current topics are frequently delivered. A notable feature of this college is the increasing num- ber oi young ladies in attendance. In these practical times a business education is of great value to young la- dies as well as to young men. This fact i- beginning to be appreciated. If ladies desire good situations as book- keepers, cashiers, &c, the) must thoroughly prepare themselves for these positions and the college affords lirst- class opportunities for doing so. And even if the) do not intend to put the knowledge to immediate use it is desir- able that they have a thorough business education, so that whatever happens they may have the ability to support themselves. It does not necessarily follow because a young lady takes a business course of stud) that she in- tends to be a book-keeper. It is the best kind of educa- tion she can have, far better than one that is mere embel- lishment: for it is of a practical nature and qualifies her to take care of herself in case it becomes necessary. Be- sides this, thorough instruction is given in the essential English branches. The business course can lie completed by attending eve- ning sessions and the college diploma secured upon pass- ing the final examination. fhe evening sessions, which are entirely distinct from the day sessions, are designed foi' the instruction of men. women and youth, without re- gard to age, who are engaged during the day in offices and in various kinds of business, but wish to secure a practical education that will enable them to obtain better positions and higher pay. The exercises are conducted in such a maimer that no embarrassment is experienced by any student who is earnestly endeavoring to improve op- portunities. The sessions are held five evenings of each week and the hours of instruction are from seven to nine. Mr. Latimer has received numerous complimentary let- ters from persons now engaged in the active pursuits oi life who in their earlier years attended the Business Col- lege. A few of these are compiled in the College Cir- cular, a beautifully illustrated pamphlet, which is issued annually. B Paterson's Military. By JOHN T. HILTON, Adjutant First Battalion, N. G. S. N. J. "Why cannot we have a good military company in Pat- erson?" remarked Samuel V. S. Muzzy to Joseph \V. Congdon in the tall of 1S71). "We could if we only had a financial backing, for it will take quite a sum to start it," answered Mr. Congdon. Several conversations took place between them and other citizens of Paterson, and when Mr. Wm. Strange told Mr. Congdon that if he would get the men and take hold of the movement, he, Mr. Strange, would see that the money was raised, the movement at once assumed form. Mr. Congdon was a man of good executive ability, and an ex-member of the 22d Regiment, X. G. S. N. |.. and lie went into the movement with his characteristic energy. From the number of young men who were anxious to go in a military company, he soon sa%\ that at least two good companies could be formed, and when the first formal meeting was called in Pope's llall in Market street, on December [9th, 1S79, it was found that about 100 had signed the roll. After transacting considerable business the meeting was adjourned until January 23d, iSSo, at the Sunday school rooms of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, corner of Ellison and Church streets. At this meeting it was decided to form a battalion of two companies, ami the name of the organization to be the Paterson Light Guard. This was the parent organization of the First Battalion \ . ( t . S. N. I . The Paterson Light Guard was to In- an independent militan and social organization, owning their own uniform, arms and equipments. Some $4,500 was subscribed lor the purchase of the latter, the admission feeof$25 tor each member purchasing the former, and tin- uniform b personal property of each member. The uniform consisted of gre) coat, suitabl) trimmed, dark blue cloth trousers, a seal skin shako with pompon. and a regulation fatigue cap, for drills. Seal skin knap- sacks, and Springfield titles. 51 calibre, with nickel plated barrels were purchased, and with the Kelts and plates with the monogram 1'. 1.. G., was rather a show} and striking 1 m. and equipments to match. At the fanuarj meeting an election was held for a com- mandant and line officers, Mr. Congdon being elected Major. Washington llall was engaged tor a drill room, and three rooms in the same building were tented as an ar- mory, officers and company rooms, and were fitted up for those purposes in a suitable and substantial manner. On January 31, [880, Major Congdon issued his first orders anil as the\ clearh state the object o( the organiza- tion, the line, staff and part of the non-commissioned staff officers, I give them in full. Headquabtebs, "Paterson Light Gi ua>. ' Patehson, N. J., -Ian. :t]st. 1880. 1 General Orders, No. 1, S&, 1880. I. In pursuance of an election held on the 23d inst. , the under ed hereby assumes command of this Battalion. II. It 1- believed that, in tin- organization oi thi Paterson Light Guard, the gentlemen who have enrolli d themselves have thus entere 1 upon what they consider to be the discharge of an important public duty, that of affording additional protection to the lives and property .if the people of Patt ison ami air furthermore actuated bj thi worthy .1. iiri M' 1 n moting a spirit of public pride in a military organizatii n of commendable discipline ami drill. While tin- association ha- not lion effected by tin process of enlistment in the National Guard of Nevt Jersey, it lias linn entered into with no feeling of disrespect or -1 1 all , 1 inn toward the citizi n soldierj . •! this State, 01 the able officers who command it: but, on the contrary, with a desire to receive from the State authorities such acceptance as shall invest tin Paterson Light Guard with the dignitj and tesponsibility that will constitute it thi military protection of this impoitant municipality. It is intended to 11 pi. -1 nt no especial class of society, sect, or nationality; nor does it acknowledge identification with the interests of any particular pot df tin- on in a. i\ ;i against another. It 1- urged, therefore, that 1 \ 1 1 \ man enrolled should regard himself a- 1 mi mil. I>\ everj consid- eration of duty and honor, to conform to the true character of a sol- dier wit le in form, supporting on all occasions his dignity as a citi- zen and his reputation a- a gentleman. I'm- only a- such can hi • \- pect to in, nt the approval ot the military autli.ait.-nf the State, or wm the res] ect ami confidence of the citizens of Paterson. III. 'the following elections an. I appointments, to till original va- cancii s, an- hereby announci .1 Co. A.- Captain, Janii - Bi J-t. la. nt. .Inu. II. Berdan. 2d Lieut.— W. II. II. stick, r. PA JERSON, ILLUSTKA TED. 89 Co. B. — Captain, Chas. Curie, 1st Lieut. — Alex. T. Groser. 2d Lieut.— John T. Hilton. Staff.— Adjutant, Jas. Inglis, Jr. Quartermaster, Jno. H. Hindle. Commissary, Albert Tilt. Paymaster, A. S. Allen. Judge Advocate, Geo. S. ChiswelL Chaplain, Rev. Chas. D. Shaw. Surgeon, Geo. \V. Terriberry, M. D. Asst. Surgeon, Theo. Y. Kiune, M, 1>. Sergeant Major, Jos. Mosley. Quartermaster Sergeant, A. D. Winfield. Commissary Sergeant, Wm. W. Evans. IV. Company drills during February will be held at 8 o'clock P. M., on Tuesday, 3d, Wednesday, 11th, Tuesday, 17th, and Friday, 27th. The officers (including staff) will meet for theoretical drill and instruc- tion on Friday evening, February 6th. For the present no visitors will be allowed in the Armory during dulls. V. From this date members will be required to answer to the Court Martial for all delinquencies and absences from drills. VI. Until further ordere Commandants of Companies will dri.l their men in the 'School of the Soldier" as far as the Manual of Arms (Upton, page 30.) They will detail men to serve temporarily as Ser- geants. VII. All who have not yet procured their uniforms and equipments will apply for them at once to the Quartermaster. Until the Armory loci rs are in readiness, men will keep their uniforms, &c, at their homes. They are to be worn only on drill or parade, except by per- mission of the Commandant. VIII. Men desiring transfers from either company to the other will make application at once in writing to their respective Captains. By order of Jos. W. Cokgdon, Major < 'lOinmanding. Jas. Inglis, Jr.., Adjutant. Captains Curie and Beggs ; Lieutenants ( ! roser, Stryker and Hilton; Adjutant Inglis, Surgeon Terriberry, and Assistant Surgeon Kinne ; Sergeant Major Mosley, and Commissary Sergeant Evans, were veterans of the war of the rebellion, and a number of veterans were non-commis- sioned officers and privates in the two companies. The organization at this time numbered about 120, at least fifty per cent, of whom were merchants, manufactur- ers, clerks, salesmen and professional men. the balance representing the various industries of the city. As the months rolled around it became the settled con- viction of the officers and a large number of the men, that the organization would be of more service to the commun- ity, and the State, if engrafted as National Guardsmen in the State service. Negotiations were pending with that end in view, when on the first Sunday in May. rSSo, a homicide on Garret Mountain led to a riot in that vicinity. Great excitement prevailed. Nearly all the officers and members flocked to the armory and asked to be led out to help suppress the riot and restore peace, but Major Cong- don knowing the law in such cases, informed the members that he was powerless to lead them out as a military com- pany ; as being an independent organization theywere not recognized 1>\ the State authorities, and could only go as individuals as part of a Sheriff's posse. Order was re- stored in a few hours by conveying the originator of the trouble to Newark, and then came a fusilade againsl the organization from the daily newspapers. Unjust and uncalled for criticisms were made, and in one case were replied to 1>\ Major Congdon, which put the matter prop- erly before the public as follows: To the Editor of Th Sun: Sib : — In justice to the members of the Paterson Light Guard, per- mit met rrect what appears to be a misapprehension on the part of tie' reporters who furnished the account of the riot in this city on Sun- day last, as to the military character and efficiency of that organi- zation. The battalion was very recently formed. It has been in existen© just three months. It has had but twelve drills; only six of them with rifles. The men have not been instructed in the tactics as far as 'load- ing and firings." It is no part of the State militia. Its enlistment pa- pers are net yet in readinesss for the mustering officer. Although cartridges were some time since purchased, they were heldon order in New York, because on the admission of the battalion in the National Guard, a diffi n nt cartridge would be supplied by the State. Its services were offered without cartridges to Gen. Plume, and he re- plied that the battalion could serve only as a Sheriff's posse. Ihe Sheriff declined the proffered services because the men were unarmed. 'Ihe Sheriff, the Chief of Police, the Mayor, and the City Counsel all approved the course of not bringing out the battalion unarmed. Un- der these conditions was n it discretion the better part of valor. Jos. W. Coxgdon, Gomitmndant. Patekson, May 3, 1880." Major Congdon's course was endorsed by high military authority, and Governor George B. McClellan, ex-Com- mander ol the Army of the Potomac, considered the sub- ject of so much importance that he had the following or- der issued : State of New Jersey, ) 011 ice of Adjutant General, Trenton, May 11th, 1880. ) Gt 11, ml Dnii 1 % No. 6 The following paragraph from the statute laws of this State is pub- lished tor the information and guidance of all concerned. "Incase of any breach of the peace, tumult, riot or resistance to process eif this State, or apprehension of immediate danger of the same, in any county or city of ihe State, it -hall be lawful for the may- or of city, or sheriff of such county, to make- application to the C'om- mander-in-Chief for militarj aid of the National Guard." It will be noticed that in case of any apprehension of datger from riot, certain civil officers ma\ legally apply to the Governor of the State by telegraph at the executive chambers at Trenton, for the mili- tary aid of the National Guard, 'there is 110 authority for them to 1 ill upon any other official of the State for that purpose, there is no au- thority for them to use any military organization not in th.' National Guard, to furnish them aid, there is no authority for any such organi- zation to attempt, by force of arms, to suppress a mob. In the mean- time it is the duty of the civil officers of the city and county, while they may call for aid as herein stated, to fully exhaust the pi ever- c in- ferred upon said officials in the "Act to prevent routs, riot- and tum- ultuous assemblies," before the final appeal is made to tie stem inter- ference of the military arm of the State. By order of Couimandcr-in-C hi f. WilliamS. Stryker, Adjutant G Official: S. M. Dickinson, Assistant Adjutant General." As one of the leading papers stated, the above ordei had "obvious reference to the recent disturbance in Pater- son, and the action of the 'Light Guard' on that occasion, which is now clear was not only judicious, hut the onlj action they could have taken; to have gone out as a mil;- 90 PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. tan organization on that occasion being, as stated in this 01 dei . ci 'iii ran, to lav\ ." This riot hastened the mustering in of the Battalion in the State service, ami on Ma\ 25th, 1880, the formal mus- ter took place in the Washington Hall drill v n. The Paterson Light Guard a- an independent militarj organi- zation ceased to exist, and then began the real Ills I i <;:\ « 11 rHE FIRST BATTALION, N. G. \ . I . The Battalion was mustered into the Stair service on Ma\ 25, iSSo, b) Lieut. Col. G. I'.. I'. I Inward, [nspect- orofthe 1 -1 Brigade, as Mustering Officer, 1 2 1 men be- ing mustered. The line officers were commissioned June [5th; Major Congdon Jul} 1^. and the staff at various dates from |nl\ ij to September 5th, the only changes from the roster of the Light Guard being the election of ist. Sergt. Aaron V. II. Doremus as 2d Lieut, of Com- pany A in place of Win. II. II. Stryker; the promotion of Surgeon Terriberr} to the Brigade stall", leaving the position of Surgeon vacant until September 29, tSSi, and the appointment of C. 1". W. Myers as Assistant Surgeon. Surgeon Terriberr} acted as Surgeon of the Battalion dur- ing t ' 1 s ■ rill,- shooting that year, however, l>\ request of Maji ir Congdon. The first formal parade of the battalion was on Memo- rial Day, iSSo, when it acted as escort to the local (J. A. R. PosS. On Dee. 28th, of that year, at the unveiling of the Statue of Maj. Gen. Philip Kearnej in Militan Park. Newark, the battalion made its debut with the Brigade. The Arim and \a\\ |onrnal in commenting on that parade. says, "The First Battalion of Paterson, Major Congdon with a staff ol six officers, well mounted, ami two compa- nies sixteen full files, was third in line. The battalion was well equipped, their seal skin shakos, handsome knapsacks and leather leggings adding to their line ap- pearance. The marching and alignments of the compa- nies were spkndid. and notwithstanding the eold weather the manual of arms on the march was of an excellent de- scription. The battalion was the best organization in the column an 1 frequentl} applauded." On September 26th, 1881, the battalion again paraded with t'ie Brigade in Newark, at the Garfield obsequies. In this yeai the Legislature authorized the Governor "to organize a Provisional Battalion composed of compa- nies selected from the whole bod} of the National Guard for their proficiency in drill and discipline and soldierl} bearing, neatness in appointments and equipments, to be designated b} inspection and competitive drill," to repre- sent the state at the centennial anniversary of the surren- der at Yorktown. \'a. Both 1 Hiipanies. with their officers, were designated as two of the ten co npanies to form this battalion, and Majoi was appointed a special aid on the staff ol commandan . Col. an I Brev. Brig. t.cn. P. Bind Grubb. 'I'lie Vorkl >wn Battalion consisted of io companies ;_• lull tiles = 640: ^ Sergeants percompanj = 50; 1 Com- missar} per compan} = 10: Line Officers, 30; field. Stall" and Non-Commissioned Stall", jo; Supernumerary Officers, 1 j : Band Drum Corps, So; total. 842. The writer, who has seen hundreds of regiments, both in active service and National Guardsmen, has never seen a better oik-. The camp at Yorktown was an ideal as well as a real one. and the discipline was excellent. The I . S. Centennial Commission notified Gen. Grubb that a silver vase costing $1,000 manufactured b} Tiffany & Co., of New York, was to In- presented b) the commis- sioners, "to the regiment or battalion which should, dur- ing the entire encampment, present the best military ap- pearance." Tin- review held by the President of the United Stales on this memorable battle held was a grand sight, and from the applause given to the New Jeise\ bat- talion on its march, it was evident that the line appear- ance and soldierl} bearing of the organization had won the approval of all who saw it. A committee of regular arm} officers acting as a board of inspection notified the commissioners that New Jersey's Provisional Battalion were entitled to the vase, ami it was presented to the or- ganization in front of the old Moore house. The- battal- ion, which had gone to Yorktown by the wa\ of Balti- more, and from there to Yorktown b\ steamer, returned home by the route of the Potomac River and Washington. On arriving in Washington the battalion paraded through some of the principal streets, and were reviewed by the General of the Army, Wm. I". Sherman. The citizens and those members ol' the battalion who had not been on the trip, tendered a line reception and banquet to the Yorktown contingent. The vase on the route was in charge of a guard of honor. Color Sergeant Florian Oborski of the First Bat- talion being one of them, and it was subsequently present- ed to tlie Legislature, while in session. Lieut. Angus of 3d Regt. and Lieut. Hilton of the First Battalion, acting as the vase bearers, at the presentation. 1'he Legislature subsequently voted a medal to ever} member of the Pro- visional Battalion, in commemoration of New Jersey's achie\ ements. The next parade outside of Paterson that the hirst Bat- talion took part in. was on Memorial Day, 1SS2, when it paraded in New York, and was tin guest of Hawkins Veteran Zouaves, formerly the <,t'i. N. Y. Vol's, Capt. Curie's old regiment. The Zouaves had a medal struck off to commemorate this event. The Army and \a\\ Journal says of this parade: "Conspicuous and deserving of special comment for their handsome and soldierl} appearance was the Paterson I ight Guard of New Jersey, who well sustained the high reputation won b) them at Yorktown." ()n |ime i^ ol this year, the whole brigade had a field da> at Santiago Park on the banks of the Passaic River. During the sham battle, which was a part of the exercises. Private Win. E. Meller of Compam I! was accidently shot in the leg with a blank cartridge b\ one of the men PA TERSON, ILL USTR. I TED. 91 in the rear ranks. At first it was nut supposed to be dangerous, but lie died in a lew days, and lie was buried with exceptional honors, the Brigade Commander and Stall" and the whole of the battalion attending. Though the battalion has lost a number of members by death, Private Meller is the only member lost in service; but an ex-member, ex-Sergeant John E. Hartley of Company A. promoted as Major and Judge Advocate on the Brigade start", subsequently died, caused by injuries received in a fall from his horse in the 1SS7 camp at Sea Girt. On (an. 25th, 1883, a new company, C, was mustered in die State service and attached to the battalion. Their armory was fixed at Continental Hall, coiner of Main and Van Houlen streets. Alexander T. Groser was commis- sioned as Captain, Win. F. Decker as ist Lieut., and Walter Van Emburgh as n\ Lieut.. Feb. [6th, of that year. Captain Groser and Lieut. Decker had graduated from Companies B and A respectively, and Lieut. Van Em- burgh had served several years in the 2d Battalion at 1 Iackensack. The battalion of three companies made their first out- door parade on the evening of May 25th. prcliminan to the parade with the Brigade at Jersey City on Memorial Day. In the two years' service that A and 1! had experienced in the National Guard they had been kept well up to mil- itary work, and they concluded to have a little of the fun, on the principle that ••all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." It is true that they held two of the finest military balls that Paterson had ever witnessed, and as social events they were the leading features of the season; still they yearned for an outside trip, and voted to go to Saratoga, by way <>1 Troy. They decided to go as the "Paterson Light Guard," wearing their distinctive uniform of grey, supplemented by white flannel trousers, and their unique equipments. Just before the hour of starting Captain Doremus, in behalf of the organization, stepped from the ranks and presented Major Congdon with a diamond badge, as a token of their esteem for him, and their appreciation of his sen ices as commandant of the organization, it was a genuine surprise to the Major, and he feelingly responded to the sentiments expressed by the gift, and the remarks of Captain Doremus. The badge was the battalion es- cutcheon in goM, with diamonds set in the centre, and surrounding points, and was worth S400. They started on September 3d, 1883, leaving New York 011 the Steamer Drew, with Yoss's 1 st Reg't. N. <>. X. }., band, which is a favorite with the battalion. Sou- venir menu cards were printed l>v the steamer company, and couple. 1 with the menu itself, and the evening con- cert by the band, made a delightful evening pass to all. A breakfast in the Delavan House in Albany the next morning put the party in excellent condition to meet the Trojans. A special boat carried the party to Troy, and before the wharf was reached, cannons belched forth a greeting, and the cheers of the large crowd awaiting en- sured a hearty welcome. I'he local military, consisting of the Tibbett's Veteran Corps. Troy Citizens' Corps, Tibbets Cadets, and the Fourth Battery, were drawn up in line, and after the usual military salutes, the line of march was taken up. The excursion party consisted of 90 of the Guards and ji invited guests, and no visiting party ever received a heartier welcome. Troy is rioted for its military spirit ami large hearts, and the applause accorded to the visit- ors made them feel about three inches taller. After the parade a banquet followed, accompanied by excellent mu- sic from Doring's celebrated band. The toasts wen. unique, and the responses ven good. A general inter- change of courtesies then followed, and at the hour ol de- parture the visitors could scarcely tear themselves away. fhe regular train had gone ; a special was made up. and amid handshakings, a bundled •■come and see us agains" and ■•come down and see us." cheers loud enough to raise the roof, and we were oil' tor Saratoga. Arriving there tlie Saratoga Citizens' Corps awaited the party, and escort- ed the visitors to their quarters, the Grand Union Hotel. Mine host Clair had assigned one wing of that hugh cara- vansary to the party and told them to enjoy themselves, and the) did. The only military duty required of them was a dress parade and escort to the colors; the balance ol the two days' stay being occupied as each individual saw tit. Excursions to Saratoga lake, a horseback parade, and a parody on it by the funny members of the party, who hired all the village carts in the place and decked them- selves out with sunflowers, were some of the notable fea- tures of the Stay. The officers of the Citizens' Corps ten- dered main courtesies which were appreciated, 'flu un- dress parade in the hotel at midnight, the genial Capt. Beggs, commandant, was one of the funniest incidents ol the trip, and is often spoken of to this day. Hut even fun must end some time, and on the 7th the pilgrims bid good bye to Saratoga, and its springs ; its Citizens' Corps, and big hotels; an ! the steamer that left Albany that night car- ried a pretty tired party, who went to sleep a little earlier than they did on the up trip. A breakfast at the Metro- politan Hotel in New York closed one of the finest excur- sions that the organization ever had and reflected credit on the committee of arrangements, headed by Major Congdon and Quartermaster II indie. The fine executive ability possessed by the latter was never better exemplified than on this excursion. The year l SS.i was memorable from the visit to Paterson of one of the organizations who gave the Light Guard such a hearty reception at Troy, the Tibbets Veteran Corps. No \isit of this kind had taken place since before the war, and the battalion decided to make it warm for them, and show that Paterson was not devoid of a military or hospitable spirit. Joint committees of the soldiers and cit- izens were appointed., and they went to work with a vim. PA', V, ILLUSTRATED. Is of dollars were subscribed, and the heart} co- rragut and Chaplain Butler . G. V R., the firemen and other organizations, madt ception the hearty outpouring and friendly that it was. T!u-\ arrived here on the morning ne i.'. The whole cit\ was in holiday garb; I mers and bunting, were displayed from every build- in the line ot march, and on hundreds "1" others out- .10 line of march. When the train bearing the vis- - rolled into the depot, cannon boomed out the signal .mil then it seemed as if pandemonium reigned in the city. ,nt the air. whistles shrieked, and bells pealed fort!- sound. Hie line of march was soon taken up ami the l -tine continued. The tire ap- paratus had been concentrated on the line of march, ami their whistles added to the din, while the applause was tinuous from the beginning to the end of the march. The parade headc alls where a collation \\.i- .. and after a long rest the inarch was re- sumed ami the Armory reached. At 4 1'. M. a banquet en to the visitors, the tables filling Washing Hall. Toasts were offered, and responses made, and the hall was then cleared for a reception and ball in the even- 1 :h was attended by the best pe 'aterson. eat 1 -■ o'clock, midnight, and ; hour the line was formed. \ 1 ittee firew tUs had been appointed, and fireworks wt .1 along the route the result formed their work in a manner. Company C especially distill - of tire. ! ts and Roman .1 it w .1- glare from s 1 never had a demonstration to Vet- eran. All." A. V. II. P .remus. -t in - \ ii. il t Juard of Xov. ial Da} . . V ti. X. J-. i - G. A. R. After biv- and a re iver N - >me- pav \ - lion paraded wit' . and paid This vear also found the battalion in their first camp with the Brigade at Sea Girt, and received the instruction that is impossible to ui\e in the Armory. The discipline was good, and the men returned home with a better appreciation of a soldier's duties. The battalion went into camp with a Lieut. Col. as the Legislature at its last session had passed a bill giving a battalion with three companies an officer of that rank. Major Congdon had earned the promotion, and he was unanimously elected, and commissioned May 5th, [SS5. Capt. Aaron V. 11. Doremus was elected Major on the same date, but resigned July 13th. The terms of enlistment of a large number of Co. V.'s men had expired, and it was decided bv that company to an excursion before the men applied for their dis- Providence, R. 1.. was decided on. and they left Paterson on Oct. 13th, for that city. The> were received vcrv handsomely 1>\ the First Light Infantry >rial Day parade was , and fell column while the lattei in m / 'A TERSON, ILL USTRA JED. 93 The tal.il accident and death of 2d Lieut. Robert J. Burke. Co. A., on May nth, 1887, is the only loss of an officer in commission that the First Battalion has sustain- ed. Lieut. Burke was a general favorite, and his death was much regretted. The third calamity, for so it seemed, of the year, was the resignation of Lt. Col. Congdon on July 4th. A general feeling of depression ran through the battalion, while some of the local papers and the public talked as if the organiza- tion were going to the eternal bow-wows. But the able manner in which Major Muzzy handled the battalion in camp in August of that year. 1SS7, soon convinced the croakers that the organization was here to stay, and was too permanent in character to live or die by the existence of one man. The camp in that year taught a number of new men in the battalion part of a soldier's life, and so far as the sol- dierly qualities were concerned, and the use of the organi- zation as a military body, it was. if anything, stronger in those qualities than at any time in the past. On Sept. 17th of this year a detachment of two provis- ional companies from the battalion consolidated with the Fourth Regiment to parade with the Second Brigade in Philadelphia, at the Centennial commemoration of the adoption of the National Constitution. On June 30th, 1888, one provisional company took part with the First Regiment, X. G.N. J., in the dedication of the State monuments at Gettysburg, Pa., and were in camp several different 1 irgani- zations, one to he- thoroughl) drilled in the tactics, cere- monies and marching, bul without the practical knowl- 1 d ■■■ of the rifle; the other knowing only the rudiments of the drills, and not a word about a dress parade or re- view, but with the full knowledge and use of the rifle skilled in the point of hitting the mark at 200 to 500 yards whenever the) choose, and I will take im chances with the latter organization every time. The individual knowledge and use of the rifle gives the soldier confidence in himself and his organization, and makes him feel that they are invincible. The lesson of the Boer war in South Africa, where the undisciplined Dutch burghers decima- ted the splendidly formed, disciplined and armed forces of England, was a lesson that even military man ought to study. While the English soldier is no mean adversary with a rifle, the Dutch Boer in this ease was eminently his superior, and by that superiority they gained their free- dom and iiii'i mi >m\ f< >r their land. It is this knowledge that has caused the officers of the First Battalion to instil in the minds of their men. both by precept and example, this fundamental principle of the skilled soldier. Some officers have considered this branch ■ •I instruction both in theory and practice, more important than other officers do, and have made it a specialty, but, as with the other history of the organization, we are not ashamed of the rifle practice of the First Battalion. It was inaugurated one Saturday afternoon in Inly. 1SS0. at Brinton Range near Elizabeth. The range was owned li\ a private association and leased on certain days by the State for the practice of the ist Brigade. The party ol officers and men that went down to the range that afternoon numbered but six or eight who expected to qualify as marksmen under the association rules, which was allowed by State regulation. Lieut. Hilton to his own surprise, as well as to the others, was the only one who did qualify, but during the balance of the sea ion eighteen others made the requisite fifty per cent, of points and were honored with a markman's had our of the original i<> are still members of the Bat- alion. viz: Capt. Win. F. Decker, Adjutant John T. Hilton, 3d Lieut. Charles Reynolds and ex-( oloi Serg't. and Private Edwin S. Brown. Capt. Decker and Lieut. Reynolds have qualified each year since that and now have the proud distinction of wearing the gold cross for 1 1 1 \ ears' marksmanship. Captain Albert Till was commissioned as Inspector of Rifle Practice August 5th, 1SS0. He was very proud of his department, and by his interest and cordial co-opera- tion with the other officers of the battalion, proved himself to be an admirable acquisition to the organization. The battalion gained a percentage of 22.88 that year which was higher than five regiments in the State, and gave us fourth place in line of merit, the highest percentage attained by any regiment or battation in the State being | (..64. That would not do for the First Battalion, and the next year, [S81, 60 marksmen qualified, and the battalion per- centage jumped to second place in figure of merit. ^i.|J. or hut |.o| points below the highest. In the figure of merit by companies, neither one of the companies then forming the battalion need hide theii score sheets; Company A being the Qth in line, with a percentage of 50.00, and Company I! a close ioth, with a percentage 1 'f (.9.8 |. The Stale regimental figure of merit had advanced nearly 11 points over the preceding year, and the season's shooting ended with the percentage of 55.4610 shoot at the next \ ear. In iN.Sj the battalion headed the State list with S6 marksmen and a percentage of 64.13, leading the next highest organization by 23.97 points. This improvement was due to the enthusiasm of the men on the subject, en- couraged by the officers both in instruction, and the offer- ing of a battalion prize badge for the best marksman. Company 1! had also offered a prize badge, and Lieut. Hilton, who was acting as [nspector of Rifle Practice dur- ing the absence of Captain Tilt in Europe, was also as- signed by Captain Curie to the special duty of rifle instruc- tor to this company. The competition tor the battalion badge was genera], and was anybody's race up to October, when it practically narrowed down to four competitors, and the 30th of that month, the end of the season, saw Sergeant Decker the champion marksman of the battalion. As this competi- tion was virtually the best schooling the battalion had ex- perienced, and the results were tar reaching, as the knowl- edge gained there is still in use with us. I take the liberty of giving die names and scores oi the competitors : s,- ires. Vggi 1 Pel Sergeant Wm. F. I'. ck< r, 1'". A .... 16, 15, I". 136 90 Private Win H. Sin. Hi. Lieut. Jet, n '1'. Hilton, Private Edwin S. Brown, 16, II. 1:: 133 ss 15, 13, 13 131 s7 II. 12, 11 1'27 si The conditions of the match called tor the aggregate of the three best semes made by any of the competitors; ^ shots at the 200, and 5 shots at the 500 yard ran.. ing a possible of 50 points for the to shots. Company B's badge went to Lieut. Hilton, and w through force of circumstances he was forced to resign, he had the proud satisfaction of seeing his company a' I head of the State list with a percentage of 73.60; Com- pany A being third in line with a percentage of 56. 1 1 . 'I'he battalion faced lie targets in [SS3 with a new com- pany, C; and it was supposed we would lose our lead. But tile men of' that company were composed of soldier material anil Sergeant Decker, now a Lieutenant in Com- pany C, was the principal instructor. With such ma- terial and such an instructor it was 11.. surprise to the w liter to note that the battalion wen- slid on top, with 1 1 | PATERS ON, ILLUSTRATED. 95 marksmen and 61.83 as our figure "'' merit, leading the next regiment by 15.09 points. Company C led the battalion, a,nth in battalion and State, with 64.01. and Com- pany A followed third in the battalion, and sixth in the State with 58.36. In 1SS4 nothing memorable occurred except that the scores and percentages were lower. The battalion wound 110 the season with 112 marksmen and a figure of merit of 57.93, the highest in the State. Company C kept her place both on Battalion and State list, by a percentage of 6^.16. Company B while keeping her battalion place dropped down to fourth in the State list, and quit with 55-57- Company A fared the worst, as she dropped to the eighth place "ii the State roll, and lowered her percentage to I7-7"- The \ear 1S85 was memorable from the large number of marksmen we had. U7. and the high percentage of the battalion, 69.55, and we were still in the lead. It was especially memorable to Company C, as ex-Ser- geant Decker of Company A was now Captain of C, and a rifle expert, and the company rolled up the highest per- centage that had ever been achieved in the State, having 96.84 to her credit, and was the first on the State list. Company B followed second on both lists with 68.35, while Company A still kept her place on the battalion list, but went up one notch to 7th place on the State list. The season of 18S0 opened with a new Inspector for the battalion, Captain Tilt having resigned, and ex-Sergeant Edmund G. Edwards w r as commissioned Captain and In- spector of Rifle Practice Nov. roth, 1885. Captain Ed- wards was a good rifleshot, and a competent instructor. His instruction aimed to school the men into calmness and judgment of their work, so that each shot would be a lesson for their next one. If, as some i.t the officers claim, that the scoring by the members ofa battalion prac- ticing did not give the true results that paid markers out- side of the organization shooting would give, and that it was shown this year by the new system to be much lower in percentage, we still had the satisfaction of seeing that by the new system of paid scorers we could shoot as well as score, for we headed the State list this year with 42 marksmen, and 48.44 as our figure of merit. Other organizations showed these low" percentages also. The discharge of so many of the men 01 Companies A and B whose time had expired was also against us, and that fact is the mire remarkable when we see that Company A had got tired of being on the bottom of the list, and had jumped to the top ofboth State and battalion list with a percentage of ^j.6o. Company C followed next both in State and battalion list, with 50.75, while Company B had taken a drop to third in the battalion, and seventh in the State lis!, with 41 .64 to its credit. In 1.SS7. for the first time since it gained it in [882, the battalion lost its lead and came in second. The Second Regiment re-organized from the old 9th Regiment, had been creeping up on us, and now led the State. We had 29 marksmen : 123 1st class; j^ 2d class and 84 3d class shots, with a percentage of 41. 30. Our companies also lost their head and were rated on the State list as follow 5 : ( 'ompauy I '. 5th, figure of merit 13.37 A, 7th, " : ' 41.20 1!, 12th, " " 36.1 1 In [S87 the battalion was again in the lead with 81 marksmen, and an improved percentage of 48.03. The offering of prize badges by Major Muzzy, Surgeon Myers, and Quartermaster Robert I. Hopper, for the best score of the season, and the establishment of a local range was no doubt the reason for this increase. The same rea- sons showed the same results in E882, and was as strong an argument as any that could be adduced for the main- tenance of local ranges, and incentives for good scores. Corporal Deitrich, of Co. C, won the Major's badge ; Pri- vate Ranson, of Co. B. the Surgeon's badge; and Quarter- master Sergeant Muzzy the Quartermaster's badge. Com- pany I? had spurred herself and was second on the State list with 52.15 to her credit: being but 0.51 below the highest. Company C still retained her fifth place with 47.-10; and Company A had dropped to tenth place with 41.44; a higher score than last year, but the percentages had advanced along the whole line of the State. In 1S89 the battalion was still in the lead with 66 marks- men: 74 first class men; || second class; and had a per- centage of 4')..X7. While Company B had dropped back, the position of the companies as a whole was better, for they followed each other successively; Company C being third with 52.00, Compan) I! being fourth with 46. S3, and Company A being fifth with 41-07 as the figures of merit. An Inter-State match was shot at the Sea Girt range this year by teams of u. from New York, Delaware, and New [ersey; the First Battalion furnishing three men on the latter team, whose shooting was a credit to the organ- ization they belonged to. They made an average of 83.66 percent, ranking second, third, and sixth place on the team, and had the balance of the men done as well New [ersey would have won the match, instead of losing it by ^ points. As their personal scores are of interest and ma\ be of use in the future I record them : Si ore at '.'mi Team No. Name. Yards. r Total. ■I Capt. Win. F. Decker 46 4j 86 3 Private John Hanson ...41 41 85 (5 Color Sergeant Chas. Chinn 43 37 80 An accident prevented Captain Decker from making a higher and the ranking score, but his work at this and other times in the past indicates that he is one of the best rifle shots in the State, and allied with Private Ranson can probably equal the score 0!' any two men from any regi- ment or battalion in the State. 9 6 PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. GATLING i.i \ PH \< I I < I . ( )n fan. t |. i8S6, Color Sergeant Florian Oborski was commissioned as Firs! Lieutenant ami Commandant of the Gun Squad, subsequent!) known as the Gun Detachment. In the same year the [nspector < Jeneral of Rifle Practice reports ;!-■ follows: "The efficienc) of the Gatling Gun when properly handled was never better demonstrated than "ii August j jtli last, when General Sewell ordered Gatling Gun Co. "B" mi tin- range for practice. The gun was sighted I'm' 300 yards, each shot, and made 5 2 points out of a possible 75 equal to 69 per cent." In tin year following, ami the first in cam]) ami practice tor 1.1. Oborski's command, ho tried his hand at shooting tin' gun ami made p out of the possible 50, or S2 per cent, a good beginning. He also fired 360 shots in s ,s se- conds. In the following camp. [SS9, there was a competition between the First Battalion detachment ami the Gatling (urn Co. \. manned l>\ veterans of the laic war. The First Battalion gun made [26 points to [ 19 of the other or- ganization, lint in voile) firing the First Battalion gun fired 595 shots in S5 seconds, while Gatling (inn Co. A. fired hots in 90 seconds, equal t>> 7.2 1 shots per second, or of a shot in excess of the local gun. This speaks well for the First Battalion Gun Detachment, and we all regret the resignation of such a competent and enthusiastic officer as Lieut. ( )borski. INSPECTIONS OI I~ 1 1 1 ; I ] I : - I BATTALION. At the date of the mustering of the First Battalion into tin' National Guard of the Stale, the standard of the organ- izations was far below that of 18 10. Though the Adjutant General in [8Sl reports that "the high standard of drill and general efficiency of our several regiments and battal- ions have, I think, been full) maintained during the year," the detailed reports of the First and Second Brigade In- spectors do not show am such flattering picture. Isolated instances of companies and regiments merited this lan- guage ofthe Adjutant-General, but from the Brigade In- spector's reports, it would indicate that efficienc) was the exception, and not the rule. The trouble was not so much with the men as with the officers, as the past and present show, that with good officers our National Guard is equal to an) emergenc) . Idie improvement all along the line, and especial!) in the First Brigade is due to the improvement in the officers, and probably no cause lor this improvement has been so potent as the mingling together of organizations and offi- cers, at the various parades and camps, and lastly, as the writer believes, to the influence and high standard aimed atb) the First Battalion. The battalion was composed for the most part of picked men. who took great pride in the organization. The Commandant was indefatigable in his efforts to make the organization as perfect as possible, and he was ably assisted b) a competent corps of officers. Of the muster and inspection ofthe battalion in 18S1, the In- spector-General says "but one officer and fourteen enlisted men wen- absent; companies parading an average of lil'n -eight men, the highest for an) battalion in the di\ ision. ddie command made an excellent appearance, is com- posed of good material: its discipline is superior, and its esprit de corps evident." The Brigade-Inspector Lt. Col. (i. E. P. Howard reported: "This battalion is deserving ol special mention for its proficiency in drill and the man- ual of arms, the result of hard work and careful attention to the tactics on the part of both officers and enlisted men." In the limited space of this article it is impossible to quote the report ofthe Inspector for each year, and it is unnecessary to do so, as the following figures show a re- cord not equalled by an) regiment or battalion in the State. I'M BATTALION MUSTERS AND INSPE< I l"\. Year. Total Strength. 1880 126 L881 151 1882 1 , : 1883 202 issi 207 L885 205 188 1 246 1887 260 lsss 245 L889 238 IS! hi 215 Number \ - 15 13 17 12 IS 13 12 •_> 13 1 04.2 01.2 947 a.v. PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. 97 TABULATED ROSTER OF OFFICERS OF THE FIRST BATTALION. DATE OF COMMISSIOXS, PROMOTIONS, RESIGNATIONS AND DEATHS. FIELD AND STAFF. Commissioned. Promoted. Resigned. Lieut. Col Major Joseph W. Congdon Samuel V. S. Muzzy Jose] li W. i longdon May 5, '85 1 12. '89 July 1"), '80 May 5. '85 April 6, '8G Dee. 12, '89 July 27, '80 Dec. 8, '85 Abu 5th, '85 July 4, '87 Aaron V. II. Doremus Dee. 12, '85 Wlaivh 20, '89 July 13 '85 Adjutant Samuel V. S. Muzzy John R. Beam John T. Hilton Nov. 21. '85 Quartermaster John H. Hindle . . . July 27, '80 Feb 6, '88 April 13, '89 July 27, '80 Nov. 10, '85 Sept. 29, '81 Si pt. 10, '80 Sept. 29, '81 •July 22. '.SO Aug. ■"■. 80 Nov 28 s7 Kobert I. Hopper John 11. Hopper Alpheus S. Allen John Ii. Conklin <■ Si pt. 29, 'si Mav 5, '85 Dec. 12, '89 Paymaster S.pt. 30, 85 May 13, 90 Surgeon ( harles F. W. Myers Ass't Surgeon Charles F. W. Myers Rush Neer. Thomas F. O'Grndy . .. . April 20, '86 ii Judge Advocate Charli s D. Shaw ( reorge S. ( Ihiswell . . . Aug. 5, '80 Sept. s. '86 April 14, '90 Aug. 5, '80 Nov. in. '85 Aug. 7. '86 i li t. 21. '89 Albert A. Wilcox . (i Albert Tilt Inspector of Rin» S'rai tioe, S.pt. 30, '85 Edmund G. Edwards Florian ( Iborski Sept. in. 89 June 15, '80 LINK OFFICERS. Co. A. — Captain. . .... Samuel V. S. Muzzy John R Beam March 27 '82 May 12, '82 Mav 21. '85 a April 29, si; Dec. 12, '89 (< Henry Muzzy Feb. 20. tin Juue 15, 'SO May 12, 82 Sept. 15, '81 Oct. 14, '81 May 12, '82 April 29, '86 F.I.. 20, '90 ii Samuel V. S Muzzy .1 John R. Beam April 29, si; Feb. 20, '90 . ii i< Joseph ( '. Earnshaw Samuel V. S. Muzzy Oct. 14, '81 M. 12. '82 2d Lieutenant. . . June 15, '80 Oct. 10, '81 Mav 12, '82 ii .May 21, '85 April 29, '8G Feb. 20, '90 Feb. in, '85 ii Feb 11 '86 " March is. '86 July 22, '86. ii Juue 23, '87 Feb. 20, 'JO Feb. in, s.j Co. B.— Captain Feb. 5, '83 Nov. 24, '84 May 30th, '86 ii Uexander T. Groser July 22, '86 Juue 15, '80 Juue 20, '82 Feb. 10, '85 1st Lieutenant . . . May 3, '82. ii July 22, 'SO . . ,, July 22. '86 Feb. in. '85 July 22. '86 2d Lieutenant. . . John T. Hilton Robert II. Fordyce . . Frederick T. Vandervoort ( Jharles Reynolds June 15, 'SO May 25, '83 March 16, '86 May 2. '83 Jan. 25 Juh 22, '86 F. b. 26, '83 Jan. 9, 85 Nov. 17. -1 William F. D( cl i William F. Decker James Parker ....... Aug. 16, '89 Jan. 9, '85 i.ug. L6, 89 July 23, 89 2d Lieutenant. Fi b. 26, '83 Jan. 9. '85 Aug. 16, '89 ii •To Brigade stall as Judge Advocate, Major. 1 Died May 11, 18 7, while in commission. Some Old Paterson Houses. By WM, NELSON, Attorney-at-Law and Corresponding Secretary of New Jersey Historical Society. . Vfy'llI- wonderful transformation that has come V. -A> the city of Paterson within a few years is come o\ er is em- ••• -■ * phasized 1>\ the presence here and there of a relic of other days in the shape of an old-fashioned stone house, dating back to the time when the Dutch were almost the onh residents in this part of the country. These ancient dwellings are gener- ally of one type — long and low, seldom more than one-story in height, w iih gambrel roof rising high up In the air, afford- ing space for several rooms under it. besides a capacious attie above all. Broad and low. like their old-time build- ers, these houses were erected to stand for generations. But alas ! as generation after generation lias arisen, the old houses have been deserted bj them, one by one, until there is not a dwelling within the limits of the city of Paterson that has been occupied by one lamih tor a century. Let us briefly mention a few of these ancient landmarks before their \cr\ memory is forgotten. The most famous of ancient houses in Paterson is the Passaic hotel, on River street, at the foot of Bank street. When it was creeled it i- impossible to tell, hut probably about the year 1771- by Abraham Godwin, in whose fam- ily it remained as a tavern for si\t\ years. A short distance further west, in the same street, is an- other old stone house, which preserves its ancient appear- ance, unchanged. It was probably erected b) Cornelius Van Winkle, about the year 177:1. hut passed out of the of the family main years ago. The old house standing on Madison avenue near what is now called Park avenue, was occupied h\ fohn 1'. Mer- selis about the beginning of this century, which it perhaps ii\ twenty years. The stone house at the cornet ot Market street and the Wesel road i- from eighty to one hundred \cars old. It was originalh occupied b\ one of the Merselis family, hut long since passed oui of their hands. The other stone houses in that .1 are from sixty to s t \ rn t\ \ ears old. It is doubtful if in the whole of the Third Ward of Pat- erson there are any buildings older than Brown's tannery, in Main street between Pair and Division. The brick stores on the northeast corner of Broadway and Main street were erected in [819 20, and are am'ong the very oldest structures in that Ward. In the whole of the First Ward of Paterson there proba- bly is not a building standing that dates hack to 1S20. In the Second Ward tin re are two or three that ante- date this century. One is on Totowa avenue near Pater- son avenue, thought to he a century old. Another is the Van Houten homestead, on Totowa avenue near the West Side Park. The small house on Jasper street fust north of Doreinus street was built fully seventy-five years ago. The large brick and stone house on Hamburgh avenue, near Doremus street, occupied 1>\ Miss Westerfield, was erected about sixty years since. In all probability tin- oldest house in the city of Paterson is t'nc Do emus homestead, on Water street, between Hamburgh avenue and Temple street. In 1 70S Gerre- brandt Van Houten, Helmegh Van Houten his brother, Martin Kyerson and Abraham Godwin bou jhl of the exe- i lit is ot Henry Brockholst a tract of 62S acres, extending from the Passaic river hack to the mountain, and from the line of the present Mai ion street to the line of Clinton street. They subdivided the tract in the spring ot' 170., into si yen smaller lots, of which Gerrebrandt Van Houten took one lying between Clinton and Northwest streets, and extending back to the line ot' the present Doremus street extended. It is believed that in the summer of 17" 1. if not earlier, he erected the eastern half of the present Dore- inus homestead 11 is grands in, Gerrebrandt Van 1 1 on ten, who was President of the original Paterson Bank, and the leading capitalist ot' his day, erected the western part ot' the building about iSjj. Ills daughter Catharine married Ralph Doremus, who in [825 erected the brick man-ion on the cornel of Watei and Albion sheds, in i t s. day the handsomest dwelling ill Paterson. After the death id' PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. 99 Judge Van Houten, in 1S29, Mr. Doremus occupied the whole of the old stone homestead, with his wife and child- ren — Henry C. and Francis E. Doremus until his death in 1SS6. His son Henry's family continued in the occupancy of the western part of the building until fune 11. 1S90, when they, too, left the ancient homestead, after it had been occupied by the family for a period of more than one hundred and twenty years. No other house standing in Paterson has been occupied by one family for anything like a similar period of time. This old house is typical of its class, and therefore a description of it may be of inter- est. The older part, on the east, formerly had but one great living-room cm the ground floor, with kitchen exten- sion ; the front door, opening on the street, had half-doors until about twenty years since. In the upper part, under the roof, there were four sleeping rooms. The western or more modern portion, is divided into four rooms on the first floor, two on each side, separated by a hallway ten teet wide extending from the front to rear. On the east is a double parlor, and mi the west a dining room and kitchen. As will lie seen by the accompanying illustra- tion the house is but one-story high under the eaves, but the roof is so lofty that there is a spacious second story, with six rooms, and an ample attic overhead. There is something sad in the thought that these old houses are destined to give wav to more modern structures, to be occupied by those who are strangers to all the joys and all the sorrows that have been experienced under these ancient roofs. But there is something consoling' in the fact that the modern houses, after all, have comforts and conveniences that the old had not. and th.it under these modern roofs there may be at least as much of joy and per- haps less of sorrow than under the old. And yet, while it is with gladness that we •'ring out the old, ring in the new." we cannot but feel a sympathetic interest in these relics of other days — the ancient stone houses of Paterson. Cemeteries. Cedar Lawn Cemetery. In 1S65 a number of gentlemen, deeming the time ripe for a new cemetery, secured from the legislature an act. approved March 28, 1865, incorporating "The Cedar Cliff Cemetery Company," "for the purpose of establishing a public burying ground in the city of Paterson." No steps were taken to organize the company, and in the fall of 1S66 several other gentlemen became impressed with the beauty and fitness of the location of the present Cedar Lawn for a cemetery, and obtaining control of the above charter, they subscribed the requisite amount of stock. Oc- tober 10, 1S66. and at a meeting of the stockholders, held at Berry's hotel, Oct. 25th, at which Mr. John J. Brown was chairman, and Mr. Adam Carr secretary, they elected as Directors Messrs. Franklin C. Beckwith, Thomas Barbour, Thomas I). Hoxsey, Adam Carr. Henry B. Crosby, William S. Kinch and James Crooks. Mr. Beckwith was elected president and Mr. Carr secretary ami treasurer of the company. The next month General Egbert L. Viele was engaged to lav out the grounds, which he praised very highly after viewing them. The name of the cemetery had meantime been discussed at length: "Cedar Grove" was agreed upon, then ••Sacred Rest." and finally ••Cedar Lawn Cemetery." and by a sup- plement (approved March 4, 1867) to the act of incorpor- L.ofC. ation that name was fixed upon, and its appropriateness has never been questioned since. The nineteenth day of September, 1S67, witnessed the dedication of Cedar Lawn — the first rural cemetery in this section of the State. The event excited a great and gen- eral interest in the community, and the procession to the grounds included most of the city and county officials, the clergy, several civic societies, and large numbers of citi- zens, who walked all the way to the cemetery. The Seventh Regiment band from New York furnished the music. The land selected tor the cemetery was comprised in three farms, owned by Hartman Van Riper, (buret Dem- arest and David Demarest, embracing about two hundred and fifty acres, extending from the Dundee Lake westerly almost to the Erie Railway. As the charter of the com- pany authorized the holding of only one hundred acres, all above that was sold, and formed the site whereon the vil- lage of Lakeview was located. The section reserved for the city of the dead is rectangular in shape, being aboul sixteen hundred feet from east to west, and about twenty- four hundred feet from north to south. The location was pronounced by General Viele to be the finest he had ever seen for the purpose, and it is the general opinion of all who have visited it that no lovelier spot could have been found wherein to la\ the departed. IOD PA 7ERS0N, II. L I r S I K. I TED. [n the foreground is Dundee Lake, the charming sheel of water formed by the expansion of the Passaic river for three or four miles. < hi the opposite side of the water are handsome country houses, green meadows ami well culti- vated fields, with nothing to mar the prospect. Along the hither shore, the ancient Wesel road, one of the [avorite drives near the city, runs between the lake and the ceme- tery. The land then stretches in a level greensward wes- terly for six or eighl hundred feet, forming a beautiful lawn, which is preferred by very man} for burial places. In this valley, as it were, there seems to be something pe- culiarly suggestive of rest. From this gentle vale there rises a hill with not too steep an ascent, to a height of per- haps one hundred feet above the lawn at its base. This hillside is dotted all over with graves, while its summit has been regarded as a peculiarly choice situation. And nu wonder. It is illuminated by the dawn's first blush, emblem of the eternal day which all who there repose are waiting to rise and greet; it commands a wide reaching view of other hills, stretching farther and farther away. and higher still, till in the distance they merge into heav- en's azure, even as have the spirits whose earthly habita- tions are here: and on this hill, as on those in the far dis- tance, there rests a perpetual peace, such as all hope to rind alter this life's troubles are ended. There is something surpassingly lovely in the view from the higher parts of the cemetery — the meadow and the Lake below; the placid fields and blue hills of Bergen County, rising into the Palisades faraway in the east: the tree clad hills toward the south, in the direction of Passaic : the hold cliffs of Garret or Wesel mountain in the west. and the rugged Preakness range rising higher beyond ; and the groves and heights to the north — all combined com- pose a s.ene whose quiet beauty never fails to make an undying impression upon the beholder. About the whole prospect, and especially about the cemetery itself, there dwells such an atmosphere of absolute repose that thou- sands come here weekly to enjoy the perfect tranquility which soothes and cheers the tired worker. The site selected for the cemetery has the double advantage of being reasonably near the city and at the same time in such a retired nook that it can never be an obstruction to th< city's growth —a fortunate circumstance, when we consider how ruthlessly the inarch of improvement tramples over everything which hinders its progress. But there are other guarantees thai this hallowed ground shall never be profanely disturbed in the interest of Mammon. The bar- riers here erected by nature are a still stronger assurance than human laws or human pledges. The lake on the east and the hill on the west prevent encroachments from those do eci i ..us ,n\t\ there can never be any occasion for travers- ing the grounds from north to south, when there are two fine thoroughfares as the Wesel road and Lake View avenue on each side and within a few hundred feet of each other. Again: It is quite out of the direct line of the city's progress. It is in the extreme southeast corner of the corporation limits and so isolated that the city might grow close up to it and the cemetery would Still retain its air of sweet solitude and rural beauty. In a cemetery there is no more important consideration than its security from intrusion —its permanence. There is something re- volting in the thought of disturbing the dead, no matter how urgent may seem the demands of the living, and when «i' lay our loved ones under the- sod we want to feel as- sured that they have found their last resting place on earth which none shall ever begrudge them. Lew cemeteries anywhere have such facilities of access as Cedar Lawn. It is reached from any part of Patersou h\ horse cars. Market street, one of the main thorough- fares of the city runs directly thither. Other routes are l>\ vvav of Park avenue and Vreeland avenue: Main street and Crooks avenue ; Market street, Trenton and Buffalo ave- nues; or Market street and Lake View avenue. The main entrance is within three miles of the City Hall, in a straight line, thirty minutes' ride in the horse cars. The remotest point within the city limits is luit six miles distant, or within an hour's ride. The gate house is scarcely three- miles from the neighboring city of Passaic, to which there is a delightful drive by the Wesel road, or by Crooks ave- nue and Main street. The direct road to Hackensack, the beautiful court house town of Bergen Counts, is close at hand, and an hour's drive brings us thither. Over all these roads almost daily may he seen solemn funeral pro- cessions wending their way to Cedar Lawn. The railroad facilities are also an important feature. The New York, Susquehanna and Western railroad has a sta- tion within half a mile of the entrance to the cemetery. The Erie Railway has a station at Lake View within a mile and a half of the gate house, and another nearer the centre of Patersou. two and a half miles from Cedar Lawn, connecting there with the horse cars. The Dela- ware. Lackawanna & Western Railroad has two stations within three miles of the cemetery. The remains of per- sons from a distance arc frequently brought over these dif- ferent railroads to he interred in this favorite place of sep- ulture, which can he leached in less than an hour and a halt' from the City Hall in New York, by any of these routes. Thus it is quite as convenient of access from New York or fersey City as < Jreenw ood, Woodlawn or Cypress inn. For this, among other reasons, not a lew lot owners at these cemeteries have bought plots at Cedar Lawn and bury their dead here in prelci ence to elsew here. The interments in the cemetery number over ten thou- sand. The following are the present officers of the company : — President, 11. 1!. Crosby : vice president, John J. Brown; treasurer, G. A. Hobart; secretary, George 11. Albutt; superintendent. Sidney Heminsley : Board of Directors: — Robert Barbour, A. W. Bishop, Edmund G. Edwards, William II. Williams. II. |'>. Crosby, [ohn L Brown, G. A. Hobart, lames [nglis, Jr., Charles L. Hindle. PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. 101 Laurel Grove Cemetery. In 1872 several of the leading citizens of Paterson real- ized that the time was not far distant when the cemeteries then in use would be wholly inadequate to meet the needs of the people. In that year through the efforts of the late Charles Hemingway, then a member of the House of As- sembly from Passaic County, the charter of the Laurel Grove Cemetery Company was granted by the Legislature anil in it the following gentlemen were named as incorpo- rators : John II. Hindle, Hiram Gould, Albert A. Van Voorhies, Joseph R. Baldwin, Alpheus S. Allen. John Beaumont, George J. Hopper, Harmon Hockenberry, Charles Hemingway, Henry A. Hopper, Garret A. Hobart and James W. Ensign. The death of Charles Hemingway in January, 1873, followed by the panic in the fall of that year, caused delay in the formal organizing of the company — and the idea of opening another cemetery was allowed to sleep until the summer of iSSj. The deplorable condition of the Sandy Hill Cemeteries was then brought to public notice by the reports of the Paterson Board of Health. There was a strong public demand for another cemetery -where lots could be purchased by people of moderate means at reasonable prices. Through the instrumentality of Mr. James A. Morrissc a sufficient amount of monej was subscribed by several of the leading citizens to enable the company to purchase the present site. A meeting of the original incorporators was held and those who did not desire to take stock in the company resinned and others were elected in their stead. The company was at once placed on a solid financial basis and the work of laying out the grounds was the ab- s irbing topic of discussion. It was soon determined that the ••Lawn System" should be adopted, and Mr. John V. Culyer, who was for twenty years Landscape Engineer and Superintendent of Prospect Park. Brooklyn, was sc- bcted to take charge of this department and the work that he has already done shows that the company made a wise selection. The cemetery is situated about half-a-mile in a south- westerl) direction from the city of Paterson and contains about [30 acres of land. It has the Passaic river, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and the Preakness road for its boundaries an 1 can never be en- croached up in by the growth of the surrounding country and will never retard development. The soil being sand, loam, and gravel is admirably adapted for burial purposes. The general contour of the ground is such that on in- spection one cannot but lie charmed with the work of nature upon it before it was touched by the hand of man. The surface ranges from six to one hundred and forty feet above the river road and the ascent is so gradual that the highest point can lie approached by carriages witli the greatest ease. Standing on its summit and looking to the northeast you behold the city of Paterson. You see her beautiful dwell- ings and churches, her large factories and mills, and the volume of smoke and steam that you see floating from the tops of those lofty chimneys tells you of the activity and work that is going on there. On the west we have the Preakness mountains and on the south you behold the mountains of Orange, Bloomfield and Montclair; and you behold the Passaic river quietly following its winding course through the beautiful valley, hastening on toward the bus) city to do its part in perpetuating the union of the spindle and the loom. Thus, far removed from activ- ity and noise, you are in a position to appreciate the beauty that surrounds this spot as well as the place itself. Here may be found quiet woods, smooth lawns and sh idy avenues moulded together by the hand of nature and man into one lovely natural park, alike a lit resort <>f recreation for the living and holy resting place for the dead. The beautiful and ornamental lake in the centre sur- rounded as it is by a grove and fragrant flowers make it one of the most attractive scenes in the whole place. Another charming spot is the island in the centre of the river, which is to be connected with the main cemetery ".rounds by abridge, anil this with the other timbered parts being supplied with settees will afford a pleasant retreat to persons who desire to spend a few hours in the country air. The cemetery is so far removed from the centre of the city as to render it free from all the dangers of encroach- ment to which most cemeteries King in the immediate suburbs of large cities are liable: while the fact that the Paterson horse cars will run continuously to and from the grounds will render it easy of access for our patrons. In the sum ner months steamboats will ply between the cem- etery and the Great Falls of Passaic. Already over three miles of road have been constructed in the grounds and most of it macadamized. And the large number of daily visitors show how these drives are appreciated by the people. Large sewers have also been built to protect the grounds from destruction by surface water and heavy rains. A commodious receiving vault with all the modern im- provements and a handsome brown stone entrance lodge containing reception rooms and offices have also been erected on the premises. In furtherance of the ••Lawn System" all lot enclosures are absolutely prohibited. Their absence makes it possi- ble to secure what their presence would not permit of. an absolute neatness and order in the appearance of the lots by a free and continuous use of the scythe and lawn- mower: moreover where posts or copings exist, t lie re must always abound around them, in a greater or less decree, a growth of weeds and briars. This evil thus is obvi- ated. Again: The appearance of the cemetery as a whole is much more pleasing, where enclosures do not exist. The superiority of a clean shaven expanse of lawn broken only by paths, trees and monuments, over that of grounds cov- 102 PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. civil w ith railings and other enclosures in \ arious slam"- of decay, requires no sophistr) to make manifest. Experience, too, lias demonstrated that even where the greatest vigilance is exercised, lot enclosures speedil) be- come dilapidated. Atmospheric influences invariably pro- duce this result. Ami as the expense incidental to the maintenance of these enclosures is verj considerable, the result being worse than useless, the monej so expended might better have been thrown away. ["he popular beliel thai lots are safer, if enclosed, while ii ma) be well found- ed in the case of some isolated burial places, has no appli- cation in the case of this cemetery, which will be carefully guarded and whose interior arrangements will be super- vised and administered b) the cemetery authorities them- seh es. Ii would be impossible, under the system the directors have adopted, for anything resembling what lot owners re- gard as intrusion on their lots to occur: but even we're this possible, it is very certain thai neither copings nor fences would afford any real protection. The entire cemeter} will thus appear as one vast rolling sea of lawn, unmarred by an) of the monstrous designs or gloom} walls or railings winch make so many burial grounds objects of horror, when contemplated as our final resting place. Provisions have been made for the careful cutting of the grass on all lots with lawn mowers, to per- forin which a force of workmen will be organized, and it will he unnecessary for lot owners to make an) expend- iture of money for the care of the grass upon their lots. The compan) provide and spread on the lot at all fun- erals heav) matting to protect the friendsat the grave from the dampness of the ground; a temporal") tent is also erected to shelter persons from the storms or wind or the hot sun in summer, and the grounds are carefull) guarded day and night. The situation along the line of the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western railroad is an important feature he- cause of the opportunity which it affords to residents of New York, |eise\ City and llohoken to secure a suitable burial place at a moderate price in such a beautiful spot. saving to them too ureal an expense and trouble to which they now have io go to reach Greenwood and oilier local ceme- lei ies. A station has been erected on the grounds and fum ral are met by the hearse provided b) the company to conve) the remains to the plot for interment. The compan) commenced selling lots in April, [888, and since that time two hundred and twenty-five lots have been sold. Se\ eral splendid monuments ha\ e already been elected. The ceuieter\ was formally dedicated on Memor- ial Day, Mac 30, 1890 — and the following gentlemen took part in the exercises: — Rev. Charles I). Shaw. I). I).. Rev. David Magie, I). D. ; Rev. J. C.Jackson. Rev. \. II. Van Arsdale, I). 1). Mr. Francis C. Van Dyk read a historical sketch of the company and Col. Joseph W. Congdon delivered the dedicatory oration. The music was turuished by Cappa's Seventh regiment hand of New York and the singing was by achorus from the class ,>f\,i ol" the Paterson High school — under the direction of Mr. Charles C. Kin- and W. M. Dufford. The officers of the company are as follows: — President. James \V. Ensign; vice president. Francis C. Van Dyk; treasurer. George C. Mason: secretary, Michael Dunn. Directors: — William T. Rvle. Hiram Gould, James A. Morrisse, George C. Mason, Francis C. Van D\k. James W. Ensign, John Norwood, James O'Shea, John R. Beam, Michael Dunn: clerk. Charles C. King; superin- tendent. M. M. Brunner — office 293 Main street, Pat- erson. Building - and Loan Associations. -s By Mr. SIDNEY FARRAR, Secretary of the Paterson and Union B. & L. Associations. j&,HEX Adam and Eve found themselves shut out of Eden, alone in the wide, wide world, houseless and homeless, they must have fully realized three conditions of existence from which not one of their countless descendants has ever since been free. That is to sav : We must have fond to eat, clothing to wear and a place of shelter in which to rest and sleep. In short, we must have a home. Man. the noblest of God's creatures on the earth in his maturity and strength, is also the most helpless in his in- fancy, but man's necessity lias always proved his best op- portunity and has furnished him with the highest incen- tives to provide for those dependent on him not only suf. ficiently but abundantly, and his faculties thus industriously developed have taught him to have faith in himself, to believe that there is nothing that is impossible, for what one man cannot accomplish alone a greater number can do and do easily. And how natural it is. to turn to our friends in time of need or danger. Indeed nothing could l>c more natural than the transition from self-reliance to mutual-helpfulness, or as we sometimes call it "co-opera- tion." nor more beneficial to society when rightly directed. And its possible applications are almost boundless. One of its familiar forms is the well known building and loan associations, which have found so much favor and gained so much in public esteem for the great amount of good they have done, and will undoubtedly continue to do. These institutions have long been in successful opera- tion both in England and in this country, notably here in the city of Philadelphia, whence they have been copied and imitated far and wide. While the individual associa- tions differ so much in minor details that scarce!) two are exactly alike: yet they all agree in the fundamental princi- ples of mutual interest and mutual benefits to all the mem- bers; this remark applies to all such societies as are or- ganized and operated strictly as local associations. The Legislature of this Slate early took note of the use- ful character of mutual, loan, homestead, and building as- sociations, and has always dealt with them in a most lib- eral manner. The starting point then in the formation of a building and loan association is this knowledge of men's physical necessities already alluded to, and of his ability to pro\ ide for and overcome them by the co-operation or union of in- telligent people, united together by the strong ties of mutual interest and mutual help, drilled and trained to perform systematically, of their own good freewill, certain duties within a specified time, in order to secure for them- selves and each other the reward — a home, or its equiva- lent in money. The logical result with good careful man- agement is guaranteed success, tor a genuine association has no buncombe about it: it has no land to sell, no par- ticular style of house to build, and no pet contractor to back. It deals in money as its article of merchandise, making itself the banker and investor lor its members, and has no other object than to obtain the best possible result for each and every one, to help each member in turn ac- cording to his particular need to the utmost of its ability, and no! expecting to lie too much thanked for doing it. A tew common sense principles are observed and the) 7 are as true as they are useful. The Association deals in money, and the original law still holds good: "And God said, let everything bring forth after his own kind." Later it was said, "Whatso- ever ye sow that shall ye also reap," and we hear in our own times "money makes money," and ■•time is money." The Association understands that it takes time to make money, that it is necessary to sow money if we expect to reap money, and that we must sow liberall) if we expect to reap abundantl) : but while the Association holds out no prospect of giving something for noth- ing it has been demonstrated even here that the sys- tem is eminently equitable, entirely practical and has been found to be thoroughl) successful. It is considered as an ever) day fact that the proper rent of a house will buy it in ten years. Now if this is true any s\ stem that will en- 104 PATF.KSOX, ILLUSTRATED. able tin- tenanl to become the owner in ten years to turn his renl into the purchase money for the house, and thus virtually enable him to make a present of the house to himself, and do this fustlj too to the former landlord, must be "a good thing" nol only for the buyer, but also for the seller, for he gets 1 1 i -- lull price, and the community has gained another responsible citizen. WHA'I IS \ Ml II VI. II 1 1 in so \\l> LOAN ASSOCIATION? As we have them in Paterson an\ convenient number of persons associated together for that purpose under the laws of the State of New Jersey, by Mich name as they may select, who after adopting a constitution and by-laws and executing a certificate to be filed with the County Clerk, setting forth their corporate name and the objects of the Association, proceed to elect their proper officers, usually a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary, a board of directors, auditors, and solicitor, and then pro- ceed to business. Now suppose we illustrate the working of an Association by joining one. Let us suppose that we cniei in January; we find the secretary and inform him that we have elected ourselves to membership. We will take out one -hare and pay him the admission fee. also we pay him one dollar for monthly dins for January and pro- vide that on in before a certain day in February we will pav another dollar, and so continue to pay one dollar per month until the money we have thus paid to the Associa- tion and the profits made cm all such payments 1>\ the Association shall amount to the sum of $200; then it is agreed that our membership so far as thai one share is com erned shall cease, or in other words, that we shall be paid the two hundred dollars, unless we have previously withdrawn, which we can always do if needful. So it is plain that we have made up our minds to save two hun- dred dollar-, and it' we are trying to do that then it is our privilege to borrow two hundred dollars for every share we hold, provided we can give good security — that is a bond and mortgage on a house and lot or on a lot on which we will forthwith build a house; of course we cannot build a house foi two hundred dollars — hut we can take out some more shares foi they are all alike, say nine more shares, and then we can borrow two thousand dollars and that will build us a good house; the secretary tells us if we take tell shares and borrow two thousand dollars, we will have to pay ten dollars a month mi our shares and another ten dollars per month as interest at si\ per cent, on the two thousand dollars we have borrowed; that will be all 1 lor the rent of the house will he si 1 1 lie ie 11 1 to pay that ; the taxes, insurance, and the wear and tear we can look ourselves, for we feel sure the property will more than offset that cost in the increased valuation; besides the w 1 ai and lear w ill not anion ill to much lor it is our own hou-e and we shall not only lake good care of it. lull even improve it constantly from year to year. We learn also from the constitution that we have the privilege to pay oil' tin- principal of our debt at any time. Even so small a sum as .me dollar will be cheerfully received and the in- terest at once cease on all such payments ol' the principal ; that certaii l\ is a great privilege, but then the Association can always use its money to advantage, lor about one member in every lour becomes sooner or later a borrower. so there is always a good demand lor money even in dull times, for if the members do not waul to borrow money to buy land and build houses, they want il to live on or for other purposes. So the -upplv and the demand kei p ah. ml e\ eu pace w ilh each Other. All that seems simple enough ; we can take out shan and save up mono if we do not wish to borrow — and when we wish to borrow we shall be qualified I" do so, and when we want to take our money out all we have to do is |o ask lor it and we shall get it. Ihe Association is established tor our benefit, and all we have to do i- to make use of it in the most serviceable manner. We learn also to be punctual in our payments as well as thrifty and saving, for if we are late in paying our monthly dues and interest we are liable to a line: but we will not be lined because we will take good care to pay in good time. Sometimes a member who has been diligently sav- ing" his money happens to get sick, or mil of work or wants to buy a lot or something else, ami so he need- oi thinks he needs money. Such a member can either ex- change his shares tor those of a later series or he can bor- row" as much on his book as be has paid in as dues with- out any other security than his book, or he can withdraw his money altogether with interest to date and full profits up to the end of the preceedillg year; if he elects to exchange In- -hares [lie admission fees are saved to him. So his money is always at his command whenever he needs it. and thousand- of dollars are paid out every month in this manner. In short the building and loan association is a sort of wholesale dealer in bonds and mortgages, a firm of unlimited membership on equal terms and conditions, where the lending member can pav in his money from month to month, and know to a certainty" that it is safely invested, and where he will be able to get it whenever he happen- to need it. These associations have now been established here nearly twelve years. The Paterson Mutual Building and Loan Association was instituted November 1 ph. 1S7S, and although its progress at first was slow, vet it- business was so equitably conducted, and the business forms adop- ted so weli suited to its special work thai it has served as Ihe model for at least a dozen others in Pater-on and else- where. In the high character of it- various boards ol' di- rectors, and other Officers, it has been most fortunate, and their careful and discreet management of its affairs is amply attested by an examination ol it- books of account, by which we learn that the gross amount received up to June 1. ['890, has amounted to $725,323.32; its present membership is s persons holding 3,525 shares of the various series; more than three times as many shares have been paid oil' since its organization. A direct offshoot of the Paterson Mutual Building and Loan Association was organized November 14, [8S2, PATERS ON, ILLUSTRATED. 105 under the name of the Union Mutual Building and Loan Association, and aided by the experience gained by its projectors in the parent body, this Association has made notable progress. Its books show a present membership of 1,900 persons holding [3,296 shares of all series, and its gross receipts up to June 1. [890, amount to $1,141,- 815.45; the gross receipts of these two associations com- bined amount to $1,867,138.77- Their combined efforts are represented by about eight hundred houses built and building, besides being of great assistance to thousands of members in money, loans, and many other ways, espec- ially in the correction of imperfect titles, advice, &c. There are also established in the city many other sturdy and vigorous building and loan associations : The Mechan- ics, The Celtic. The Iron and .Silk, The People's, The Riverside, The Provident, &c, &c, and from trustworthy information they are all doing a most prosperous and sat- isfactory business. Undoubtedly this notice would be quite incomplete if we omitted to speak of the kindness of the press of this citv towards this movement at all times and under all circumstances. The public press recogniz- ing that building and loan associations properly conducted materially increase the prosperity of a city, has been the stalwart friend of the building associations. We think then this record needs no further comment; the work these associations have done for our citv is there- to be seen and judged by all men who will take the pains to examine it; that it has been sound needs no further proof than that we never hear of any foreclosures or law suits or matters of that character wherein any of the various asso- ciations appear either as plaintiff or defendant; on the contrary this principle, mutual co-operation, so simple, si , efficient and so beneficial, has proved itself so excellent in actual practice that it is copied not only in our own city, more and more, but all the surrounding towns and villages are anxious to secure the same benefits for themselves. Passaic, Hackensack, Ridgewood, Little Falls, Haledon, and Sutlein have flourishing associations ; some also even in New York city, being direct results of the original es- tablishment of the system here in 1878. Telephone Facilities. 'HE engraving on page 63 represents the switch loard of The New York and New Jersey Tel- ?Z eohone Co. in their central office at J07 Main street, Paterson, N. J. Nearly 600 subscribers are now connected with the Paterson central, and trunk lines connect it with other cities. The operators answer and connect about 3,500 local calls daily, and over 2^0 calls are made each day between Paterson and other places. This switch board is one of the best in use. The space required to work it is re- duced to a minimum, which enables the operators to connect subscribers quickly. Electric power is used for running a generator to call subscribers. It will, undoubtedly, be of interest to give a brief his- tory of the telephone business in this city. Work was begun to establish a Telephone Exchange here and con- nect it with New York City on December 6, 1879, with offices in the Clark Building, corner Main and Ellison streets. The exchange opened for business on the after- noon of December 24, 1S79, with the following list of sub- scribers : Paterson Daily Press, Paterson Daily Guardian, 10 R. & II. Adams. Phoenix Manufacturing Co.. Post Office, Morton Clark. II. J. Garrison, Hamilton House. P. 11. & W . C Shields. John Hopper & Son. Chris. Huber. A wire was run between Paterson and New York and telephonic communication was established with that citv December 38, [879. In May, [880, the list numbered 14s subscribers. During the summer of [SSo work was begun on addi- tional trunk lines between Paterson and New York over the highway and through Passaic City, where an ol was established. This line was finished in time to begin business in November, 1S80, with New York, Newark. Jersey City and Passaic. The telephone business in Paterson then began to grow rapidly. In the spring of iSSj a line was built to Boon- ton connecting the intermediate villages of Little Falls and Mountain View. A line was also extended to Butler. Later Wortendvkc. Ridgewood and Haledon were con- nected and now there is no suburb of Paterson that cannot be reached by telephone. The excellent telephone set i i r; rendered between Paterson and Passaic is doing much 1 brill''- these two cities together. Subscribers in Paterson, / 'A 7 1-RSON, II. 1. 1 STK. 1 1 E I >. Passaic and Hackensack have the privilege of talking with each other without extra charge. In March, [SS5, the New York and New Terse) Tele- phone Co. moved into their present commodious quarters • 7 Main street and no expense is spared to make the service a-- efficient a-- possible. During the last two years the long distance service has been developed. Manufacturers and others can now gel the benefit of this service at a slight advance in price. 1 subscriber to the long distance telephone ha-- two copper wires or a metallic circuit which prevents induc- tion in- other noise-- from interfering with conversation. Metallic circuit copper wire trunk lines are in use now between Paterson and \ew York, and it is no uncommon thing t" have a Paterson subscriber call for one in Phila- phia, Trenton, Boston, Albanj and other distant points. The officers of the New Y"ik and New Terse) Tele- phone Co. are: Chas. F. Cutler, president; \\ . I). Sar- gent, vice president and general manager; Alexander Cameron, treasurer; I . N. Bethell, secretary : fohn C. Reilly, general superintendent; II. (i. McCully, Superin- tendent X. ). Division; |. I'. Noonan, Managei Paterson District. Electric Lisrht and Gas. & HAT Paterson is one "1 the best illuminated cities in the country is apparent to any person who either takes a walk through the eit\ or passes by it on the Delaware. Lackawanna & Western railroad, whose tracks are laid on the heights skirting the western portion . . . . of the city. The cil\ authorities and private enterprise have been liberal in the supply of illumination, and in main portions of the city it is as bright at midnight as it is at midday. A glance at the establishments which provide the illumination cannot hut impress the reader with tin- fact that Paterson need never Miller tor want of light. The Paterson Electric Light Company. This company was organized in May, (88S, hut was in existence some time previous to that time. Upon the re- inization ncarU all the members of the old companj remained and associated themselves with a number of practical electricians in the enterprise; among the most prominent of whom were: A. M. Young, of Waterbury, Conn.; \Y. II. Fuller, of Springfield, Mass., and W. B. Hosmer, of Boston. A portion of the stock, however. was and is still held in Paterson. The new companv at once threw out the old plant, the station being equipped with the Amold-Hochhausen s\stem. and adopted the Thompson-Houston system of arc and incandescent li transmission of power. The power of the old plant was furnished l>\ a 250 horse-powet Corliss engine, which was supplied hv two boilers of So horse-power each. This compan) furnishes the illumination to both of the Paterson theatres; it supplies ::u street lights, 130 commercial arc lights, |.ooo incandescent lights, and will shortly add to these SoO incandescent lights which are to displace the present street lamps, now burning oil throughout the city. It is now the intention of the com- panv to add to its plant one 200 horse-power boiler to meet the demands for power that will he required hv the addition of the city's new lights. It also supplies power to a large number of Perret Motors running ventilating apparatus, coffee and spice mill-, ice cream freezers, etc. The first incandescent lights were furnished lulv |. tSSS, when the city was wired for about [,600 lights. The old compan} were supplying 101 arc lights, 6S citv street lights and no incandescent lights at the date of the reor- ganization. The companv occupies a substantial brick building on Railroad avenue of two stories, and this is fitted up in the mosl approved manner with all the latest improved means and appliances known to electrical sci- ence as applied to illumination and the transmission of power. The switch-hoard, especially, is a marvel in its wav. and is said to he one of the very finest in the country. 'fhe capital of this companv is $300,000. The officers are: Eugene Stevenson, president ; |ohn Norwood, v ice president; T. Y. Rhine, treasurer: John F. Noonan, sec- retary; James A. Heagan, manager; R. S. Breed, super- intendent. The companv has at present live boilers of one hundred and lil'tv horse-power each and three of eighty horse- power each, a total of about one thousand horse-power. It his a Corliss engine of two hundred horse-power and Ball engines of a hundred horse-power each. It has PA TERSON, IL L US TRA TED. 107 ten dynamos for incandescent lighting, each having a ca- pacity of five hundred sixteen candle power lamps: eight dynamos for fifty arc lights 1>\ the Thompson-Houston system and one dynamo for incandescent street lightning having a capacity of sixteen hundred lamps of sixteen can- dle [lower each. The Edison Electric Illuminating Company. This company was organized in the late Summer of iSSS, and commenced operations in November of the same year.. At the present date the station, which is located in Paterson street, in the handsome building formerly occu- pied by the Weidmann Silk Dyeing Company as offices and for other purposes, supplies the current to about 5.S00 incandescent lamps and about So arc lights, the latter being mainly for commercial and manufacturing purposes. At the very outset the plant was laid for 15.000 incandescent lights, involving the laying of about 6 miles of underground tubing and the use of eighteen miles of heavy copper con- ductors. The present steam plant has a capacity of 600 horse power. The station, together with its equipment throughout, is one of the finest in the State, and has few superiors anywhere. All the dynamo regulators, dynamo switches, equalizers, indicators, etc.. are grouped in a spa- cious gallery at one end of the engine room. The system, which can be readily expanded to keep pace with all the requirements of the growing city and its numerous, rapidly developing suburbs, extends to the far east side, the choic- est portion for residence, where it has been introduced into many of the modern homes of prominent manufacturers and others, and also through all the principal business and manufacturing sections. 'fhe immense advantage of electricity as a motive power, as compared to steam, is that it is "always there " twenty- four hours of the day, while many of those, especially the smaller manufacturers, who lease space and power find their power cut off" when they desire to work overtime. It is also very inexpensive, taking all things into considera- tion. Many isolated plants have been sold and installed by this company in outlying mills, including those of Jacob Walder, C. E. Meding, the New York Ribbon Company, Jacob Frisch, P. & I. Bannigan and others. The capital is $^oo,oco. The direction is in the hands of representa- tive citizens and the management is entrusted to a practi- cal and experienced electrician, Mr. William M. Brock, who is destined, beyond a doubt, to leave his impress on the electrical history of the city of his adoption. The Board of Directors is composed of William T. Rvlc, pres- ident; William Strange, vice president; Arthur Kyle, treasurer; William M. Block, secretary and general man- ager; Boetius Murphy, Jacob Walder and Charles Dan- forth. T' e company has a boiler capacity of six hundred horse power with six engines aggregating eight hundred horse power. It has eight Edison dynamos with a total capacity of sixty-four hundred lamps of sixteen candle power each and two dynamos for arc lighting to supply fifty Sperry lights. This capacity will lie increased during the present summer by the addition of one three hundred horse power boiler, one one hundred anil eighty horse power engine and two large Edison dynamos. The company at present sup- plies power to the following establishments: — Machinists' Association, twenty horse power; Cooke Locomotive Works, fifteen horsepower: Press Printing and Publishing Company, ten horse power; Call Printing and Publishing Company, seven and a hall' horse power; the Broomhead mill, one of ten horse power and one ol five horse power: Rettger & Allen silk mill, ten horse power : Paterson Reed & Harness company, seven and a half horse power: D. Lindsay, live horse power; Hand & McGuinness, three horsepower. Halliwell & DeBaun, two horse power; it also supplies a large number of smaller sizes running ice cream freezers, coffee grinders, meatchoppers, fans, church organs, ecc. The United Gas Improvement Company. (ias was first supplied to consumers by the Paterson (i;is Light Company in 1848. In 1SS0 the People's Gas Light Company began operations. In 1882 the management of both of these concerns was assumed by the United (>as Im- provement Company, of Philadelphia, who now furnish the entire gas supply. The United Gas Improvement Company claim to control the newest and best methods of gas making. As they also operate other gas works in many cities and towns throughout the country, they have been able to bring to their business in Paterson the best re- sults in their line of modern theory and practice. The works are kept up to the best standards and careful atten- tion given to meeting the needs of consumers. The satis- factory service rendered has resulted in increased business, although the introduction of the electric light has caused a brisk competition in public and private lighting In addi- tion to its use for illumination, gas is largely consumed in Paterson for domestic cooking and heating, gas stoves be- ing sold by the company at cost or rented by the month. It is also used by many of the mills in their silk finishing processes, by the locomotive works for heating tires, by laundrymen and tailors for heating irons and. in vai ways, for other purposes. The gas works management is a liberal one and aims to so serve old patrons and welcome new ones that its operations may tend to the growth and de- velopment of the city. Real Estate. rte\ S the object of this publication is the adver- tisement of Paterson as a plai e foi manufactur- ng and residence it would be no more than proper that something be said indicating to persons desiring to locate to what source-- ap- plication may be made for real estate in this v. city. THE SOCIETY'S I.AM) COMPANY. The Society's Land Company was incorpo- rated in 1SS7 for the purpose of holding, improving and selling tin- lands belonging to the estate of the late Koswell L. Colt. The Societ) for Establishing Useful Manufac- tures at one time owned nearly all the land lying in the cor- porate limits of the city of Paterson : from this source Mr. Colt obtained large tracts of property and the Society's Land Company to-day owns real estate in every ward ot Paterson, with one exception. It has property suitable for manufacturing as well as lor residence and it oilers this property at a moderate price and on easy terms. The title to all its property is perfect, dating back to the last cen- tury. The olliceis of tlie company are the following: Ex- Governor foseph I). Bedle, president; William Penning- ton, treasurer ; Richard Rossiter, secretar} : Morgan G. Colt and DeGrasse 1>. Fowler, directors. THE COLT LA \ 1> C IMPAN1 . The Coh Land Compaiv} was organized for tin- purpose of developing Colt's Mill, a valuable tract of real estate ly- ing in the centre of the city, which on account of its bulk had not attracted investors before, the owners objecting to disposing of it in parcels. The existence of this unim- proved property ha-- been a hinderance to tin- extension of laisinrss towards the upper part of Main street : now that it has hecn thrown into the market and portions already sild for business purposes its value will continually en- hance. The Main street front of tin- property will In- de- voted to business houses ; the easterly side of the property is most desirable for residences The company was incor- ted in May. 1890. The following are the officers: — President, [ohn \i Lee: vice president, Peter Quacken- bush ! 1 mssl, Ji >hn K. Beam : manager, James Crooks; secretary, Richard Rossiter; board of directors: -John K. Lee, I'd.! Quad : K. Beam, fames Jackson, lames C. Hinchliffe, Sam uel Nathan, C E. MacChesney, Alfred A. Van Hoven- berg, James Crooks, George \V. Pollitt, Henry Cowan, Christian Mennel. Alfred Ilcalv. Jacob Walder, Robert I. 1 lopper. THE CEDAIi CLIFF LAND COMPANY. The Cedar Cliff Land Company owns a large tract ot real estate lying in Manchester township on the northern boundary of the city ofPaterson Lor a distance of several thousand feet north of the boundary line the ground here is level ; this level plain at one time was used for cricket and other hill games but the match of improvement found bet- ter use for it. At the present day the plain is divided into blocks with regularly laid out and graded streets and ave- nue--. Through the property runs the Oldham brook, fur- nishing a never failing supple ol water. Several mills and a considerable number of res have already keen erected and the property is in constant and active de- mand. At the northern line of the plain the property rises into the Preakness hills and presents some of the most beautiful scenery in the State. A number of years ago it was laid out into villa siu-s ami roads were constructed through every portion of the property. A tine view ot the city of Paterson can he obtained from almost any point on this part of the property. The ground is wall shaded by stately trees and springs of the puresl water abound. No lovelier site could he selected for a residence. The officers of the company are: — Robert Barbour, president; F. C. Van Dyk, vice president; Garret A. Hobart, treasurer; James A. Morrisse, secretary and agent. I III ( II I. S INI I II II. I. LAND COMPANY . The Chestnut Hill Land Company owns most of the real estate bounded 1>\ tin- Passaic river. East Thirty-third sired and Broadway, a section ot the city which is not sur- passed by any in beauty of scener) and advantage of l< tion. So attractive i- the property that a committee of cit- izens appointed at a public meeting held a number ol \ ears ago unanimously recommended the purchase of the prop- erty to 1 . 1 public park. Other counsels, however, prevailed and the city purchased the property on the opposite side of Broadway, thus materially enhancing the value of the Chestnut Hill property tor residences. Broadwaj is the finest residence Street in the city and that part of the i i stnut Hill Land Company's property fronting on PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. 109 Broadway will in the near future be occupied by stately residences. To the north of Broadway the land slopes gently to the river, presenting a succession of beautiful lawns and groves. Fine river and woodland scenery and views reaching many miles may be enjoyed from almost any point on this property. Of late years the more costly resiliences have been attracted to this section of the city ; the property of the company accordingly offers every ad- vantage for an investment, as the river forms the natural boundary of the city. The officers of the company are: — W. R. Blown, president; Garret A. Hobart and John \V. Griggs, counsel : R. M. Ekings, agent. GLEN WOOD. The magnificent scenery surrounding Paterson has at- tracted thither a large number of residents, most of whom remain all the year, only a few seeking a metropolitan home during the cold weather. The demand for houses in the suburbs has always exceeded the supply ami not a year passes but a large number of country homes are erected Taking advantage of this fact Mr. Thomas M. Ryle with admirable and characteristic judgment some time ago purchased forty-two acres lying along the banks of the Passaic river, a short distance below the magnifi- cent Little Falls of the Passaic The location of the ground — portions of which are shown in illustrations on another page — was admirably adapted for summer resili- ences Mr. Ryle at once laid out a number of drives and soon had the grounds in a condition that left nothing to be desired. A music hall was erected and grounds laid out for tennis courts, quoi ting and other outdoor sports; the halt mile frontage on the Passaic provided ample oppor- tunity for boating and angling. Mr. Ryle has erected a number of cottages and these were rented long before they were completed. Mr. Kyle's intention was to provide a certain number of cottages, feeling confident that their at- tractiveness would ensure tenants; he did not have to wait until the cottages were completed and he was compelled to change his plans and erect cottages for those who were ready to move into them Cottages are consequently erec- ted to order. All modern conveniences, gas and water included, are to be found at Glenwood or Ryle Park, a prettier place than which cannot be found in Passaic County. THE DOREMUS FARM. The old Doremus farm, lying on Totowa, in the Second Ward of Paterson, a few minutes' walk from the Passaic Falls, and within six or eight minutes' walk of the West street bridge across the river, comprises a tract of between sixteen and seventeen acres. King on a gentle slope afford- ing the best drainage into the Oldham brook, while it is so near to the main sewer in Union avenue diat the prop- erty can be readily drained in that direction also, as soon as it is sufficiently built up to require sewers. The tract extends from Red Woods avenue on the west to Marion street on the east, and from near Crosby avenue on the south to the Oldham brook on the north It is intersected by Crosby avenue and Doremus street, running east and west, and by Jasper and Kearny streets running north and south. The highest ground is not more than three or four feet above the established grades of the streets, while the lowest is but a foot or two below grade. Consequently, purchasers of lots on the tract have the assurance that they will not be injured by the grading of the streets In fact, the lots fronting on Jasper, Kearny and Doremus streets, as well as those on Red Woods avenue and Marion street, with a few exceptions are substantially at grade now. One fact of great importance regards the title of this prop- erty. Workingmen do not care to expend large sums in the making of searches into the title of the lots they buy. In the case of this land there is the satisfaction of knowing that it has been in the possession of the Doremus family for nearly sixty years, being one of the oldest farms in the county. The members and representatives of the Doremus family organized The Doremus Land Improvement Com- pany on January 15, 1S90, and conveyed the property to the new corporation, which immediately took steps to put the land on the market. The success that followed this move has been one of the most remarkable phenomena in Paterson real estate enterprises. Within six months upwards ot one hundred lots had been sold, or about one- half of the entire tract. In the place of an old thirty-foot lane the company laid out Doremus street, fifty feet wide, ^j^ leet north of Crosby avenue, which they intend to grade during the summer of 1S90. Nearly every lot south of Doremus street has been sold. Some of the most desir- able lots are still unsold, lying north of Doremus street. The land is so desirable for residences that the company early adopted the policy of insisting upon three restrictions with all purchasers of lots: First, to prevent the obstruc- tion of sidewalks by front stoops, and to give the streets a broader appearance, which would also allow of the growth of shade trees, it was decided to require all buildings to be set back six feet from the street line. Second, it is requir- ed that no nuisances of any kind shall be erected or main- tained on the property sold. Third, it is provided that the land sold shall not be used for the sale or manufacture of intoxicating liquors. All three of these restrictions have proved exceedingly popular with buyers, who thereby are assured that their property will not be impaired in value by objectionable trades or business, and that they virtually secure a street sixty-two feet wade instead of fifty. In view of the difficulty and expense often attending the mak- ing of searches of titles, the company has caused a most exhaustive search to be made, tracing the title to this tract from King Charles II.. of England, in ii»,| down to the date of the conveyance to The Doremus Land Improve- ment Company in lo<,0. 'Ibis search was prepared by William Nelson, whose familiarity with ancient land titles is b yond dispute, and it has been verified by Jacob II. Blauvelt, the most experienced searcher of titles in Pater- son. and by the County Clerk. The company has had this search printed, and furnishes a copy to even purchaser of a lot on the tract This is the first instance in Paterson I 10 / ',1 7 EKSl W, IL I. ( r STRA TED. where this has been done. Lots are sold on the easiest possible terms. Upon the payment of ten dollars per lot the company executes a contracl of sale, permitting pun haser to paj the balance in instalments of from five to ten dollars and upwards per month: when one-third is paid, the purchaser may take a deed and give a mortgage for the purchase money. No advantage is taken where a man gets out of work, or falls ill, or from other cause is unable to meet his payments promptly. So long as the interest is kept up the company is satisfied to allow a man the most ample time to pay the principal. In every way company seeks to promote the kindliest feeling between itself and its purchasers and the result has been most happy. The juices ot lots range from $125 to $300, at everybody can he suited. Most of the kits are held at Sjoo each. Coiner lots are $300, anil kits next to the cornel $JsO eacli The officers ot the company ate: President, Frank I). Vreeland, M. D.. 91 Bridge street: Secretary ami Treasurer, William Nelson, 174 Market :. Paterson. Jacob V. Ackerman is one ot the best known citizens of Paterson. He was born in the Fourth Ward of Paterson on February s. 1839, and he not only liked Paterson so well that he has ever since lived in it, but he has remained true to the Fourth Ward, never having taken up his resi- dence outside of its limits. His education was obtained at ite schools and early in his life he was employed in his father's shoe store on Main street, near Broadway. At twenty years of age he went into partnership with his brother under the firm name of Ackerman Brothers in the shoe business at No. 1 -o Market street : the firm for a long time had the monopoly of the finest grades of gentleman's footwear which, in order to ensure quality and durability. they manufactured themselves. The first English blockade runner, the "Peterhoof," captured by the Union forces, was laden with fine shoes and boots; Mr. Ackerman sold one- third of its cargo having acquired it by purchase from a Jersej Cite firm. Mr. Ackerman subsequently establish- ed the shoe business for himself in Main street and there did a successful business until in 187^ when he went into the business ot teal estate and money broker and fire insur- ance agent. The success which attended him in mercan- tile life followed him in the new vocation anil he soon rose to the first rank among the men engaged in the business la- had selected for himself. He has in his hands a great deal of valuable real estate in all parts ot the city; his genial disposition makes him a pleasant man to deal with and his character for honesty and fair dealing attract to his office capitalists who desire to invest funds without having the time to closely scrutini taracter of the investment. [AMES (.;;•', iks was born in Bury, Lancashire. England, April nth, 1S36. He came to this country in June, 1 >s 1 . and settled in Paterson in the following year, lie served an apprenticeship in the Rogers' Locomotive Works, but in l.So) started in the real estate business to which he has since devoted his attention. He located at Totowa. and was the first to develop that section of the city. He was always a firm believer in wide streets, and it was due to his influence and work in [S66 that Market strict. Broad- way and a number of other thoroughfares were char from narrow country roads to pleasant, wide streets For live years at an expense of $10,000 he ran the first free library and reading room in Paterson. He purchased from Mr. Thomas 1). Hoxsey the charter of the Cedar Cliff Cemetery Company, and after securing an amend- ment thereto by the Legislature founded the Cedar Lawn Cemetery Company. He secured the charter for the Pat- erson & Passaic Horse Railroad Company, and built and ran the same at a great loss for many years. Subsequently he devoted his attention to developing other portions of the city, and was especially instrumental in the development of the southern section of the city. In April 1S00. he formed the Colt Land Company, thereby throwing open to improvement a valuable plot in the centre of the city, anil hopes to live long enough to see a Central Park for the coming great city of Paterson and Passaic united. Col. R. M. EkinGS, the subject of this sketch, who is the senior member of R M. Ekings & Company, is of Scotch parentage, and was born near the City of Edin- burgh. Scotland, in the year 1S39. About the year :Sj<) the family came to the United States. At the breaking out of the war Mr. Ekings had just completed his education and at the nation's call for help he with two brothers en- listed in the service. He was enrolled as private in Com- pany I. Twenty-third X. J. Vol. Infantry, and remained in the service nearly four years : part of the time he was at- tached to the First Newjersey Brigade and subsequently to the armies of the west and southwest, with which dur- ing that time he took an active part in many of the '41 eat engagements that have made those armies famous in his- tory. For valiant and faithful service in the field he was promoted from the ranks, through the grades of Lieutenant Captain. Major and Lieut. Colonel. During the winter of [S63 and the spring of [864, Col. Ekings was in com- mand of the Post of Island Xo. 10. on the Mississippi river, ami during most of the last vearofhis service lie was on the staff of Major-General Kenner Gerrard, first as In- spector-General of the First Division. Sixteenth Army Corps, and afterward as the Provost Marshal of the south- ern district of Alabama. Of the three brothers who enter- ed tile service of their country the subject of this sketch was the sole survivor. One oi the brothers was an officer in the third Xew fersey Infantry : the other was attached to a Pennsylvania Regiment. After the close of the war Col. Ekings settled in Pater- son, engaging in mercantile pursuits until 187^. when he began operations in real estate and insurance, and since that time has been identified with many of the largest and most important transactions in real estate in this vicinity. The firm composed of Col. Ekings and Stephen A. Wall are engaged in the general real estate and insurance busi- ness and are known and recognized throughout this city PA TERSON, IL L US TRA TED. 1 1 1 and vicinity as one of the most progressive and responsible firms in the business. They represent as agents the Aetna, Hariford and Phoenix o\ Hartford, the Sun of England, Fire Association of Philadelphia and Phoenix ot Brooklyn, all old and reliable fire insurance companies: their offices are at No. 202 Market street. Sidney Farkar was born on October 20, 1832, in the parish of Elland, Yorkshiie. England, ami at ten years of age accompanied his parents to this country. The family at once settled in Paterson, which Mr. Farrar has since made his home. After a common school education Mr. Farrar went to work in the locomotive shops where he be- came a skilled machinist and engineer. Heworked at this for twenty-one years, frequently filling positions of trust and responsibility. During the war he was in the service of the Union nearly two years at Hilton Head, South Car- olina, under General Gillmor, being the chief engineer in the Quartermaster's department, a position similar to that ot master mechanic. As engineer and machinist he had occasion to travel a great deal in this country and the bene- fits of travel were not thrown away on hi ni. lie was al- ways of a quiet and studious disposition and added to the ■education of his boyhood days a valuable fund of informa- tion by special studies and extensive reading which have proved of great service to him in his present business In 1S70 he went into the business of real estate and fire insur- ance agent; he was subsequently appointed a notary pub- lic and commissioner of deeds and elected u justice of the peace. For ten years he was president of the Paterson Mutual Building and Loan Association and has since been secretary of both this company and the Union Mutual Mr. Farrar has always been a Republican in politics and has served his party as a member of the Board of Educa- tion and also of the Board of Aldermen, of which latter body he was president for one term. Rev. G. W. I. Landau was born on December 27. iS.|6. in Krakau. Galicia. His mother died when he was hardly a year old and he spent the early years of his child- hood with his grandparents. At ten years of age his father, who had remarried, took him to Hungary, and in IVsth. the capital of that country, he began bis education. His ancestors had been prominent in the preservation of the Hebrew faith : his father was a teacher of the Talmud, and it was but natural that the principles of the Jewish faith were early instilled into the young man. While he- was pursuing his studies in Pesth his mind became im- pressed by the reformation of orthodox rites at that time in progress under the leadership of the renowned Rev. Dr. Meisel. Conviction succeeded doubt and when he subse- quently returned to Galicia to live with a wealthy aunt. he devoted himself to the acquirement of such knowledge as would give him a standing in anv community irrespec- tive of his religious convictions. He entered a medical college where he remained two years, after which he re- moved to Vienna, where he completed his medical studies. Here he met a schoolmate, who had been converted from Judaism, and from him obtained an insight into the princi- ples of Christianity. He then went to Berlin, where he continued his investigations into the various doctrines of theology anil after a long struggle in- concluded to abandon the Jewish faith and become a Christian. The disfavor with which this determination was received lu his people may be well imagined. Disowned, disinherited and persecu- ted, he tied his native country and proceeded to London. On the 7th of August, 1N70. he was baptized in the Epis- copal chapel at Bethuel Green and for some months after- wards was a devoted student of theology. With the en- thusiam characteristic of a neophyte he concluded to return to his own country and study for the ministry. Many were the tribulations which he found in his path but these only strengthened his determination. Finding himself wholly without means he saw himself compelled to accept a position as clerk in a bookstore at a salary of ten dollars a month. In May, 1S71, lie went to Hamburgh with the intention of coming to this country where he resolved to continue his theological studies. On June 4. 1S71, he arrived in New York, with but one dollar in his posses- sion. He found few roses in his patli but his determina- tion raised him above all difficulties. He became acquain- ted with the Rev. Dr. (i. C. Seibert, Professor of Theology at Bloomfield, X. J., and through his influence he entered the theological seminary and in 1874 graduated with honor. In the summer of that year he received a call from the German Reformed churches at Bergen Point and Jersey City which he accepted and at which places he did a great deal of missionary work. In September lie was duly ordained a minister of the gospel. His position was anything but an enviable one; his salary was only $25 per month. In addition to the hardships which he was compelled necessarily to endure he found that his hard study and strenuous exertions in the new fields of labor could not be stood anv length of time without under- mining his health and he was compelled to seek a place where his duties were less arduous He accepted a call from the German Presbyterian church of JefFersonville, Sullivan county, N. Y. Here he was married to the daughter ot one of the trustees of the church. He subse- quently accepted calls to churches in Washington. D. C. and Paterson, N. J., and spent fourteen years in preach- ing the gospel. Too arduous attention to the duties im- posed on him began to show their eftects on his health and he suffered with nervous prostration and troubles with his eyes. At the advice of physicians he resigned his pastoral duties in May, 1S85, ami purchased a drug store. His work here gave him little amelioration from his physical ailments; the long hours of confinement began to tell se- riously on his constitution and he was compelled to give up the business. In the meantime he had made a number of profitable investments in real estate. Having found his judgment excellent in such matters he concluded to devote himself exclusively to that line of business. He has been very successful and has succeeded not only in accumulating a competency but also in often extending a helping hand to others who stood in ii^-cd of his assist tnce and advice. I 12 PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. J vmes A. Mohrisse was born in [reland on August 26, (S44. He came to this countr} in Febi nary, [S63, and af- ding some time in the wesi settled in Paterson in !; he started in the real estate business in iS5S. He has sold many million dollars worth of real estate in the- past twenty -two years and has laid out and de\ eloped large tracts of ground, among the latter being the property of the Mutual Life Insurance Com pan} located on Park ave- nue, formerl} known as the Christie tract, [t contained over a hundred city lots, all of which were sold through Mr Morrisse, and a hundred houses have been erected on the property He also developed the property known as the 1 lopper and Clapp tracts, one situated on the southwest corner oi Park avenue and East Eighteenth street and the other "ii the southeast corner. He subsequent!} organized the Cedar Cliff Land Company, a sketch of which appears on another page; he sold over three hundred lots on this tract and located two silk mills and a number of residences. He organized the Broadway Land and Building Company and purchased for it 128 lots of ground located nn Broad- way, Last Twenty-sixth and contiguous streets. Within the past two years he has organized the Citizens'. Hamil- ton and the Home Land Companies, whose properties are located at South Paterson between Madison and Buffalo avenues, the Erie railroad and Trenton avenue. These three companies own about seven hundred lots. He also organized the Eastside Land and Building Company, of which he is president. His connection with the organiza- tion of the Laurel Grove Cemetery Company is told in the sketch of that company which appears on another page. In 18S3 lie organized the Iron and Silk Building and Loan Association. He was elected president of the company and has continued to hold that office ever since. This is considered one oi the most conservative and successful building and loan associations in the city. Although Mr. Morrisse's business has been mostly real estate he has also done a large insurance business. As agent he has charge ol" the properties , .1' the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and of the Mutual Life Insurance pany of Vw York and represents over a hundred owners of real estate for whom he collects rents. Betv\ een eleven and twelve hundred tenants pay rent to him as agent. He is also agent for all the English steamship lines and the French line. He also does a large business in procuring loans, having negotiated several million dol- ■ I' loans lor his clients. lie will during the latter part of this year erect a very handsome lour stor} and base- tl granite and brick office building to be situated on the northwest corner ofMain and Ward streets. When finished it will Ik- one of the finest office buildings in the- city. Samuel S. Sherwood was born in New York city. I lis ancestors w ere among tin- earliest settlers of this con- tinent, one of them dying in [655 near where Fairfield, Conn., now stands. After having served as cashier in a dr\ ^or>ds house in New York, Mr. Sherwood when he be- brmed a partnership with Alexander Doug- las under the linn name of Douglas «V Sherwood and 1 al- lied on the retail drj goods business for lour years. Dur- ing this time Mr. Sherwood started the inanul'actm 1 oi hoop skirts, being die first to engage in that business in this country. Having sold out the retail dr\ goods busi- ness he began the manufacture of hoop skirts on a large scale-, having for a special partner Nathaniel \\ heeler, the president of the \\ heeler & Wilson sewing machine com- pany. The linn was doing an enormous busine-ss at the time of the breaking out ol' the rebellion, but unfortunately had given long credits to a number of houses in the South. The linn, however, extended its business b} the manufac- ture of hospital goods tor the government, ladies' collars, cull's, &c. They were tin- first ti, do a large wholi business north of A. T. Stewart's store in Chambers street, occupying No. 343 Broadway, opposite the old Broadway Tabernacle and the Society Library Building. The firm subsequently occupied the large building Nos. ^1 and ^; White st reet, being the first to carry the wholesale business west ofBroadwa} ; the linn subsequently occupied at the same time the large building at Nos. 9 and 1 1 White street, near West Broadway, which was built for them lis the late Daniel Kingsland. In 1864 Mr. Sherwood retired from business in New York and started into the real estate and insurance business in Paterson, to which place he had re- moved four years previous. Mr. Sherwood was the first to move in the laying out of the Last Side of Paterson. I le mentioned the matter one day when he had accidentally nut Mr. Jacob S. Rogers in New York; Mr. Roj urged Mr. Sherwood to take charge of the matter, having become convinced that Mr. Sherwood's ideas were the best; on the train going to Paterson they met Mr. William G. Watson, at that time Mayor of the city ; Mr. Watson added bis entreaties to the request of Mr. Rogers and Mr. Sherwood agreed to undertake the difficult task. The pe- tition was presented at the next meeting of the Board of Aldermen and granted. Mr. Sherwood has sine been closely identified with the progress of I'ate-rson. He was,, ne- of the incorporators of the- Paterson & Passaic horse railroad company; be was a member of the- first board ol directors and for some time secretary; he- is at present a member of the board of directors of the Paterson City K.ulwax Company, which some time agoabsorbed all the- horse- car liiu-s in the city. Mr. Sherwood was first to take energetic steps towards , impelling the Dun- dee Water Power m\<\ Land Company to open its dam for the navigation of the- Passaie- and is at present treasurer of the fund subscribed for that purpose. He was a member of the- Board oi' Aldermen from (875 to 1879; he was chairman of the- committee on finance for the- whole of his term and for three years he- was the unanimous choice of the Board for president, an office he lille-il to the satisfac- tion ol all. lie was one- of the commissioners on the- Broadvva} and Willis street sewer, the first commission created under the new law. and since- that lime has lie-e-n on fifty-two similar commissions. For a number of years he was Commissioner of Appeals in case-s of taxation but PA PERSON, ILL USTRA LED. i i his ever increasing business compelled him to relinquish public office. Since that time he has devoted his time to real estate, having charge of a great many valuable tracts and estates. He is the treasurer of the Paterson General Hospital Association and chairman of the Board of Arbi- trators appointed by the trades unions and the Board of Trade. P. D. Westsrvei.t. Energy and untiring devotion to business have made P. 1). Westervelt the successful busi- ness man he is to-day. No college or university educa- tion gave him the lead above his companions, but the common school and the common rural life of a well-or- dered and self-respecting farming community made him what he is by nature and by education. Mr. Westervelt was to the manor born, lie is a native of this county in which he has labored so faithfully. He was born at Haw- thorne, in the township of Manchester, December 21, iS-fy. The house in which he was born he now occupies, and it is situated in one of the most beautiful spots along the banks of the Passaic. From its front piazzas a splen- did view of the city of Paterson and the surrounding coun- try may be obtained. The grounds around the house are extensive and are studded with all varieties of vegetable life. Altogether, Mr. Westervelt's home is one of the most delightful spots in the county. Young Westervelt's early life was mainly passed on his father's, the late James P. Westervelt's, farm, and at the school house. At school his perseverance always kept him among the best students of his class, but like the majority of American youth, his schooling terminated while he was yet a boy. Immedi- ately on leaving school he made up his mind to secure a situation at Paterson. After some delay he got a place in the lumber office of the late Thomas Beveridge. Here his industry was soon recognized and his career as olhce bo\ was but a very short one. Positions of more import- ance requiring greater skill and labor were given him and in these he gave his employer the utmost satisfaction. After remaining at the lumber office for about seven or eight years and acquiring a thorough business education, Mr. Westervelt decided to embark in business for himself. At the lumbei yard office he had learned considerable about the coal business so he concluded that his first ven- ture should be in this Hue of trade. His experience in this business was brief and in a short time Mr. Westervelt had given it up and established a general collection office. In this business his industry came to his aid and he soon built up a successful trade. He was then made collector for several of the largest mercantile houses in Paterson and Passaic. In iSSS Mr. Westervelt decided to engage in the real estate and insurance business. In this he has found a most suitable occupation and his success has been most flattering. He is an excellent judge of the value of land and persons confiding their business interests to his care have found him not only an honest but a discreet business man; through him some of the largest real estate transfers on record in this county have been made. His great activity has also favored him in the insurance busi- ness and he is the representative of some of the best com- panies in this country. Mr. Westervelt is always to be found busy at work in his cosv office at 114 Ellison street. Business Houses, &c. , . 'JJs it is the object of this publication to place before •^-7 the countrv the many advantages which Paterson Oi-^K possesses as a place for manufacturing and resi- dence it is obvious that little need be said about the bus- iness houses. The fact that Paterson has a cosmopolitan population numbering over seventy-eight thousand is enough to satisfy any person that there are many prosper- ing business houses here. A glance, however, at a few firms, who are distinguished for superior energy and oth- er qualifications which go to make up the successful mer- chant, will be of interest. [amen [NGLIS, [r. — One of the most prominent and successful business men in Paterson is Mr. James Inglis, 11 Jr. He is a native of Paterson, his father having removed hither from Sussex County, N. I., about sixtv years ago. He obtained the best education afforded by the schools of Paterson. at ten years of age being compelled to walk from his home in the city to the school house which stood at that time near the Wesel bridge. After having left school he became a clerk in a grocery kept by John O'Brien at the triangle formed by the intersection of Mar- ket, Willis and Straight streets. Here he remained until Mr. O'Brien sold out when he went to Passaic where he was employed in the grocery kept by William L. Andruss. After remaining there for one year he returned to Pater- son and was employed in a drug store kept by his uncle. 1 1. 1 PATERSON, ILLUSTRA1 : ite Charles Inglis. After spending ;i twelvemonth in the drug store he wenl to Ni w Vork where he worked at piano-making in Amity street. Returning to Paterson he learn of patternmaking in William Swin- burne's locomotive and machine works and subsequently spenl a year in Kingston, Canada, working at his trade in the locomotive works which were then being established in that place. Returning to New Jersey he entered the emploj of Robert Rennie, al Lodi, in Bergen county, where he was employed a year al setting up machinery, engines, &c. He next went west, establishing himself at Racine, Wis., and for some time operated a saw mill in the woods near that place. Growing tired of this life he returned to the east and for some time worked as a pat- ternmaker in the foundr) at West Point. Here he re- mained until the hard times of [S57-S when he returned to Paterson ami in the following year began the mercantile career which has placed him high among the successful Imsiness men of this city. It was in October, [S5S, that he bought out Solomon Danforth's interest in the music and stationer) store of Field & Danforth, which had Keen established I'm' some years at No. mm Main street. In 1862, when President Lincoln had issued his call fur three hundred thousand men. Mr. Inglis used his utmost en- deavors to secure volunteers in this eit\ and succeeded in getting together three companies with which he marched in tin- front, serving until the expiration of the term for which he had enlisted. Returning to Paterson he contin- ued his business and iii addition thereto started the Na- tional Mills Compan) ; his interest in the latter he sold out in 1872 t" A. Hubbard & Co. In the following year he bought nut his partner in the music and stationer) Imsi- ness and shortl) afterwards removed to No. 1 7 j Main street. Here he remained in the successful prosecution of his business for twelve years when he erected fur himself one i>f the handsomest structures in the city, located on Main street, near Ellison. Here he continues to conduct the Imsiness founded on so main years of integrity and laii dealing; his spacious store contains a large assort- ment of everything in the line of stationery, I ks, paper, blank books, &c. In politics Mr. [nglis has always been an unswerving Democrat, ready at all times to assist his party. For a nuinliei of years he was a member of the state committee and took an active pari in the campaigns in the state as well as the county. Disdaining everything that smacked oi chicaner} or trickerj the n ime of [nglis became a syn- onym for everything thai was energetic and straightfor- ward in politics. In [8S3 he was appointed b) Governor Ludlow a judge of the courts of Passaic County; he was re-appointed in iSSS 1>\ Governor Green. In this ap- pointment the executive of the stale has happily Mended reward of political services with the appreciation of sterling qualities which have made Judge [nglis one of the m-ist respected as well as on,- of the m isl p. .pillar men of Passaic count}'. In business and in politics Mr. [nglis was always openhearted and kind, without swerving the least loan the path which duty marked out: the same qualifications which led to success as a leadi r among poli- ticians and merchants made him a fudge who is respected by all — ever merciful to the frailties of human nature but fearless in the suppression of vice and just in the punish- ment oi' crime. Fr weis K.VO.X Mi Li 1 i.y was born in Paterson. \. |.. on November 24, [839. After receiving an education in the public anil afterwards in the private schools of the city he accepted a position as clerk with ). & ( \. Ramse) and subsequent!) acted in a similar capacity in Blundell's Ex- press Company's office. lie left the latter place for the purpose of accepting a clerkship in the Bank of [ersej City. While thus employed one of the directors, who had been attracted li\ the pleasant manners and business ability o| tin- young man, induced him to accept the position of cashier oi a leading stock, gold and foreign exchange banking house in New York city. After having served three years in this capacity he bought a seat in the Open Board of Brokers, an organization which has since con- solidated with the New York Stock Exchange. Failing health compelled him to give up the brokerage business and at the suggestion of a number of gentlemen with whom he had been associated in Imsiness he accepted the position of secretary of the Flint Steel River Mining Com- panv and eventually became secretary of four other mining companies. As his health did not improve he was com- pelled to resign these lucrative positions and he remained idle for six months. Hoping that a more active life would improve his health he opened a line grocery business and for seven years was successful beyond expectation. But his natural love for financial Imsiness never left him and on April 1st. iNj-l- he sold out his grocery Imsiness and opened an office as banker and broker in his native city; he has continued in that Imsiness ever since. To-day he stands lie I ore the community as a man who b) his Inl- and private life has proven that a man mav rise to emi- nence in his own city. As an executor and trustee under a number of wills he has given abundant proof thai he is especially qualified to discharge such duties; at the pres- ent writing he represents ten estates as trustee. Mis fa- cilities for obtaining information make him the standard authority on all matters pertaining to financial affairs. I lis son. Frederick W.. is a young man of exceptional!) fine abilit) and renders most valuable aid In the management of his father's Imsiness. Mr. McCully's elegantl) lilted up banking offices, second to none in the Stale, are located at No. 1 j 1 Washington street. Peter Cm vckenbush, one of the most public spirited citizens of Paterson. was born in Paterson on February 24, 1844. lie received his education in the public Schools of the city and in Professor Allen's Seminary. In iS6o he began work as a clerk in a dry goods store and until [S78 continued uninterrupted!) in the emplo) of the same firm. With the savings of eighteen years <<\ work and for- tified with a Imsiness experience obtained in actual prac- tice Mi. Quackenbush in [878 Si irted in Imsiness for him- PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. "5 self at No. i So Main street. In 1882 lie formed a partner- ship with Mr. John I>. .Mason under the linn name of Quackenbush & Co.. and the firm soon found it necessary to increase the accommodations for a business which was continually multiplying ; this was done by taking posses- sion of the adjoining store. No. 1S2 Main street, the two stores being thrown into one. Even with this large floor space the firm did not have room enough and having add- ed a general line of all kinds of dry goods to their already extensive stock, another addition was looked tor. For some time this seemed difficult as all the space on Main street had been taken by other business houses ; the linn solved the difficulty In - obtaining possession of the property in the rear of their two stores and by extending the addi- tional room thus acquired through to Ellison street. Their store accordingly is in the shape of a gigantic letter E. The public appreciation of the excellent manner in which the business was managed showed itself in largely in- creased sales and the firm attained a standing in the com- mercial world which could not have been acquired except by the exercise of the best judgment and the liberal patron- age of the public. For two years Mr. Quackenbush served in the Hoard of Education but bis business engage- ments were such that he was compelled to relinquish all idea of political preferment which was frequently offered him. lie, however, did not deprive the public of his val- uable advice and assistance and no movement calculated to benefit the public was started but what Mr. Quackenbush lent a helping hand, assisting the project with advice, in- fluence and purse. He was foremost in the movement which secured for Paterson two magnificent parks. He is a director of the Second National Bank, the Colt Land Company and the Paterson Sanitary Company and has on a number oi occasions been called upon to act in a fiduc- iary capacity where considerable interests were involved. Joseph Towell was born in County Down. Ireland, on May i\, [848, and attended the schools of his native place until he was fourteen years of age. Even at that early age he evinced a liking for flowers and floriculture and at his own request he studied gardening in the gar- dens of the Marquis of Downshire tor three years ; during bis apprenticeship he received no wages but paid the sum of eighteen pence per week for the education he re- ceived there. At the expiration of the three years he went to England where for twelve months he had charge of the gardens at East Hempstead Park. Finding that there was still something to learn in the vocation he had chosen he sought employment in the large gardens of the British Isles, his main object being the acquiring of a thorough knowledge of gardening, wages being onlj of secondary consideration. In pursuance of this plan he was eng 1 in a large number of the principal gardens of England both private and commercial and fitted himself thoroughly for the business. He had from his early youth a desire to come to this country and in 1S72 he carried that project into execution. Despite the prevailing depression in all lines of business he soon found employment as landscape gardener and after spending some years in New York, Newport, Rhode Island, Long Island. Astoria. Staten Island and Canada, he came to Paterson in 1S7S. The late Judge Woodruff' at that time owned the Bellevue nursery, situated on Haledon avenue; the ground was ad- mirably adapted for floriculture but there were onh seven hothouses, six of which were very small. For some time Mr. Towel] managed the place under a lease he had ob- tained from Mr. Woodruff'; the latter frequently expressed his gratification at having induced Mr. Towell to locate in Paterson, for Judge Woodruff was very fond of flowers and recognized that in Mr. Towell he had found the man who would establish a nursery in Paterson that would come up to the expectations of the most sanguine and en- thusiastic lover of the floral kingdom. In 1880 Mr. Tow- ell acquired the nursery property by purchase and since that time his career has been one of continued success. He soon found the facilities far too small for there was an enormous demand for the product of bis hothouses and he enlarged lVf the energy, knowledge and talents possessed by Mr. Towell to live in any community without making his influence felt and Mr. Towell has become not onh an authority in everything pertaining to his particular busi- ness but he has also become one of the foremost and most respected citizens of Paterson. The John Norwood Company. — Among the most important of the large business establishments in the city of Paterson. that exert in no small degree an influence upon the commercial advantages of that city, is the whole- sale and retail paint and painters' supply house 1 if the John Norwood Company, which is located on the southwest corner of Main and Ellison streets. The building, which is one of the finest and largest in the city, is constructed of pressed brick, with ornamental stone dressings, and has a frontage of twenty-five feet, with a depth of one hundred ami ten feel ; it is three stories in height. It is one of the most conspicuous features of Main street, the leading thor- oughfare of' the city, and is amply provided with every convenience and facilitv for conducting the large trade PA TERSON, II. 1 1 T S TRA TED. that is carried on, which is both wholesale and retail, the store being divided into two departments, in order to facil- itate transactions. The company also occupies a building in the rear of their premises in Ellison street; this build- ing i^ fifty by fifty feet and three stories high. The -t.>ck. which for character, extent and variety is the larg- est in the city, comprises paints, varnishes, glass, white . oils, alcohol, glues, -inns. &c., and a ver> large and complete line of brushes; also artists' and wax flower ma- terials, machinery and burning nils are handled largely. \ full line consisting of fifty shades of the Longman & Martinez and The John Norwood Co.'s ready mixed paint is always kept in 'stock. It might be stated that the demand for ready mixed paints is growing every year. and the foreman of the company says that white lead, colors and oil, ground together 1>\ machinery, are finer and will wear much better than if mixed by hand. There is aKo a well selected stock of coach colors and coach var- nishes, and other materials used by carriage builders. Carriage gloss paint is a comparatively new article: it is i colors ground in varnish and ready for use. The wall paper department is as large, it' not larger than any other: great care and stiul\ is given to the selection. The patterns and colorings are always the newest. They carry in stock pressed papers, velvets, embosts, bronzes, felts, silks, damasks, varnished, washable and sanitary papers; also, white and brown blanks; most of these have matched friezes, borders, ceilings and decorations; a complete combination can be made including mouldings, &c. Shadings and hollands, plain and decorated, with many styles of fringes, which match in color: also all si/es of spring rollers and fixtures for large store win- dows. &c., will be found in this department. The com- pany give special attention to shading fine residences, large mills, &c, as they make all the shades they sell. The painting and interior decorating is in the charge of a tan who is a practical and thorough man. and devotes all his time to this branch, and all w ork entrusted to his judg- ment, will be correct in combination, coloring, &c. An- other feature worthy of mention is the systematic arrange- ment prevailing throughout the entire establishment. The business was established by Mr. l<>hn 1). Shorrock in [836; Mr. Shorrock was succeeded by John Norwood & Co., and at present the business is carried on by the John Norwood Company, a corporation which for ability in the qualifications of its personnel is not surpassed by any in the city. All of the members of the company have had a great deal of experience in their particular depart- ments of the business, and all v. .1 number of years connected in souk- capacity with the firm of John Nor- wood .V Co. Mr. VV. (i. Norwood is the son of John Norwood and assisted him lor mam years in the general conduct of the business. Mr. John 1!. Spear was for ten years bookkeeper in the establishment and is thoroughly conversant with every branch ofthe business: Mr. Henry Schoonmaker who has charge of the shade department, has devoted main years to that branch ofthe business; Mr. John II. Post has shown exceptional ability in the de- partment intrusted to him: Mr. James Kciuully is a prac- tical painter and decorator; Mr. George W. Pollitt was formally years engaged in mercantile pursuits in the city until he became an employee of John Norwood & Co. That success should attend such a combination of practical nun. each especially adapted to the department entrusted to him. is certainly not more than might have been ex- ted. M \usii mi \ I ! \ 1 1 . -The name of this firm is familiar to every man. woman and child ill the State of New |cr- sey. No individual enterprise has ever had the effect on any special class of trade that this linn has exerted on the clothing business. When the firm first started into busi- ness only the cheapest kinds of goods were manufactured into w hat was called reach made clothing ; men w ho could afford it had their clothing made to order and ready-made clothing was looked upon as something very inferior. The firm set themselves to work to revolutionize this state of affairs and the success they have attained is attested by the enormous business they have built up in the three largest cities in the Slate. They used the best kind of goods for their sink and the public soon ascertained that a suit of clothes could be obtained just as good by patroniz- ing this linn as by ha\ ing gi iods made to order and that at a far lower price. Their business increased enormously and soon they were able to keep in stock all kinds of goods and of all sizes and shapes. Ready made clothing rose from the position it had hitherto occupied to one equal to that ofthe best custom-made goods. Marshall & Hall at present have three stores — one at No.. S07 to S13 Broad street. Newark : one at Nos. 58 to 00 Newark avenue. Jer- sey City, and one at Nos. 221 and 223 Main street. I'ater- son. In Newark the firm occupies the whole of a large building and here the cutting and manufacturing is done. The Jersey City store was started in 1874 and five years later their business was established in Paterson. The bus- iness here under the management of. Mr. Henry Diefen- thaler continued to grow at such a rate that hired quarters were no longer sufficient and the firm purchased a plot of ground on Main street and erected its own building, of which a representation appears on another page. The salesroom is one ofthe handsomest in the city and occu- pies the whole ofthe first floor, being 42x100 in area, well lighted and well ventilated. Lockwood Brothers. — In 1S52 Mr. \V. Lockwood established the furniture business in Paterson at No. [S Van Houten street and in November. 1 S 7 3; . he removed to Xos. 290, 2 12 .i\)'\ 294 Main street. Here his business ex- tended very rapidly and he took his two s,,ns. Frank S. and William J., into partnership with him. the firm name being W. Lockwood & Sons. On February 1. [S89, Mr. wood retired and the business has since been carried on by his s,,ns under the linn name ofLockwood Brothers. The business had assumed great proportions and tor some years the linn found itself cramped in its quarters. Con- sequently in [890 a material addition was erected to the PA TERSON, IL L I 'S TRA TED. "7 store so that it now runs through from Main street to Cross street. It has a frontage of fifty feet on Main street, twen- ty-five feet on Cross street and a total depth of two hun- dred and ninety feet. The Main street building has a basement and three stories: the Cross street building has a basement and four stories. The stores are supplied with two freight and one passenger elevator. The firm has always been successful, their business increasing largely every year. George Melville Elliot was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on January 7, i$s6. When he was about five years of age his family removed to London where he re- ceived his education. In 1S6S he went back to Edinburgh where he learned the trade of watchmaker and jeweler. In 1873 he came to this country and at once took up his residence in Paterson where he was employed until 1S79 bv a prominent jewelry firm. In 1S79 he began business for himself in a small room on the upper floor ot the building on the northwest corner of Washington and Ellison streets, audbv means of natural business capacity and strict attention to business soon accumulated enough to warrant him in opening a store on the fir*t door of the building on the northwest corner of Van Houten and Washington streets The energy with which he looked after his business, his uniformly courteous manner and lair dealing with all soon made his quarters too small for an ever increasing business and he obtained possession of the huge store at Xo. 194 Main street where he has since conducted his business No merchant stands higher in the estimation of his friends and customers than Mr. Elliot and his business is continu- ally assuming larger proportions. The transition from the time, only a tew years ago, when he did all his own work, to his present business, when he continually em- ploys eight men. is sufficient evidence of his qualifications as a business man. He was the first jeweler in the city who found it necessary on account of the extent of his bus- iness to employ a delivery wagon. Mr. Elliot is a mem- ber of the Board of Trade and of a number of prominent societies in Paterson and has always taken a commend- able interest in all projects looking to the welfare of the public. Meyer Brothers. — The Boston store, Nos. 1S1 to :Sy Main street, and Xos. 116 and 11S Washington street, was ■established in Paterson about ten years ago by Meyer Brothers who were at that time doing a flourishing dry goods business in Newark. They opened a store on the corner of Main and Market streets and their enterprise and low prices soon attracted a great ileal ot trade. In a short time the store, spacious as it was, proved too small for them and as on account of the architecture of the building an enlargement could not be had they took a lease for a long number ol years on the \ an Saun building which was then in the course of erection. Although they had the Ingest floor space of any business in the city they soon found that they were cramped and that additions would be absolutely necessary. Accordingly in 1S90 thev purchased the property on Washington street lying immediately in the rear of their Main street stores and thereon they erected a fine building having a frontage on Washington street of sixty-five feet and a depth of a hundred feet. The new building, which is four stories high, contains all the mod- ern improvements and connects with the Main street build- ing, forming as it were one solid building, all the floois connecting and running through from Main to Washington street. All the different departments are reached by eleva- tors so that the top floor is now as easv of access as any part of the store. Several new departments were added. viz— carpets, furniture, clothing, millinery, upholstery, dressmaking and house furnishing in all its branches. Over a hundred clerks are employed and nearly every Eu- ropean language is spoken- I he delivery wagons ot the firm may be seen almost at any time of the day and even- ing in almost any part of tiie city. The firm has also an- other establishment nearly as large in New Brunswick. N.J. Samuel Nathan, one of the most prosperous and re- spected business men of Paterson. was born in Czempin, Prussia. on Mav 1 2. 1S43. He enjoyed the ad vantages of the educational facilities ol his native home until he was about seven vears of age when his family removed to this coun- try. They proceeded at once to Providence. K. I., where young Nathan attended school for two years, at the expira- tion of which time his family removed to New York city where he completed his education. At the age of thirteen he was employed in a mercantile establishment in New York and at the age of fifteen was made salesman, his nat- ural business abilities having secured him this rapid pro- motion. At the age of twenty he started in business for himself in Fulton street, dealing in gentlemen's furnishing goods. In May. 1S66. he removed to Paterson and open- ed a clothing and merchant tailoring establishment on the southwest corner of Main and Ellison streets. On account of the sale of the building three years later he was com- pelled to vacate and for two vears and a half occupied a store on Main street a short distance south ot his former location. In 1S71 Mr. Samuel Smith and Mr. lames Jackson had erected a tine row of business houses on Mar- Let street ; at that time Market street was not a business thoroughfare ; although in the heart of the city trade had not found its way out of Main street and Market street was lined principally with residences. Mr. Smith and Mr. Nathan had been on terms of the closest friendship for a long time and Mr. Nathan, with a perspicacity which has assisted him in establishing his business, saw that it would lie but a question of a short time before trade would find its way into Market street; he accordingly led the way which has been followed by so many otheis since and became the pioneer of trade in Market street; he leased one of the stores in the Smith & Jackson block and some time after- wards acquired bv purchase the adjoining property on the corner of Market and Church streets. He first occupied the building adjoining that occupied by the Second Na- tional Bank but when sometime afterwards a neighboring and larger store was made vacant he removed to this in 1 1 1 i . i tersi w, ii. i. i r s tr. i run. order to increase his facilities, thi> step being made m san by his in business. Strict attention to busi- ness, assisted by courteous demeanor and a well earned reputation for integrity and fair dealing, soon established a business which in itself was a guarantee "I success. In i,s.S| Mr. Nathan erected a fine building on the property acquired by him a few years previous and the owner of one of the handsomest business structures in the State. The lower floor <>l the building is used for business purposes, the upper floors are used for the ns ol District Court and as lodge and meeting rooms Mr. Na- than is a leading director in the Second National Bank in the Coll Land Company and the Home Land Company and o other honorary positions testifying to the con- fidence tin of Paterson repose in him. Frank VV. Allen was born in North Kingstown, R. 1 i fuly io, i ^s i . and received his education at the Providence C nference Seminary. He then became a clerk in a wholesale flour and grain house in Hartford, Ct., and was subsequently employed by the same firm in Springfield, Mass. In 1S77 he went into the dressed beef business on his own account in Worcester, Mass . remain- ing there for five years, at the expiration ol which time he came to Paterson. No western dressed heel' business had been established yet in this city and shortly after the old wa\ of bringing cattle and slaughtering in Paterson was completel d to western dressed brought in refrig- erator cars. He erected refrigerators near the tracks ol the Delaware. Lackawanna & Western railroad and in obtained possession of commodious quarters in Washington street, nearly opposite the city hall. The latter proved of great convenience to hi- patrons, as it was easi Mr. Allen supplied his establishment with all the modern improvements in his line of business and was the liist in the state to have an ice machine in opera- tion lor the cooling ol dressed heel. lie was the first to introduce the killing of m and this experi- ment was attended with so great a success that now the number of hogs slaughtered at his - imeill al 1 leaches an average of twelve hundred a week. Progress and - tave marked every year ol Mr Allen's career in this city and the number of his friends increases with the circle of his acquaintanceship, for Mr. Alien is of a quiet and pleasing disposition and fail" and liberal dealing are characteristic of him. lie is a direct Paterson National Bank and enjoys the ci I all who ha\c e\ er met him. Patrick Henry Shields was horn in the north ol Ire- land on January 12, 1837, ' es ' "' lmu ' child- reu. 1 1 ne to Ai. 1 1S46, settling in Paterson, N. J . where they remained a year or two. w hen they removed to Little Falls. In 1S58 the family rem rson ami Mr. Shield- entered a groceri and in the course of five years acquired such an insight into the business that he set up for himself in (863 with the little capital he had been aide to accumulate by the closest economy after liberally aiding his family. By his steady industry and honesty in trade he soon acquired an enviable reputation and although through his proverbial rosit) he has at times lost heavilv his business has constantly been growing until he is now- one of the most extensive grocers in Paterson. A number of years ago he brothers, Mr. Walter G Shields, into p nership with him. Thus it will he seen that Mr. Shields is emphatically a self-made man and he is a very credita- ble specimen of that sort of production. In 1871 he was elected to the Board ol Chosen Freeholders, remaining in that body lor five years, during all ol which time he was one of the leading spirits in shaping its policy and control- ling its measure-. I le w as chosen director in 1S72 3 Largelj through his influence the Board inaugurated the policj of building permanent iron bridges, in conseqiu of which the county now spends very little in repairs of bridges. In the fall of 1SS1 he was elected to the Assem- bly b\ a majority ot 952, which the three wards compos- ing his district never gave to any other man. a tact which sufficient^} attests his popularity among all classes. He was re-elected the following year. In March. 18S8, he was elected County Collector :md has held that office evei since. [amis Bell was horn on OctoberS, i^.is- in Count} Down. Ireland, where his family were engaged in the manufacture of linen. Mr. Bell landed in this country on the nth of April. 1854 : the vessel in which he came was shipwrecked and instead of landing in Boston landed in Newport. Mr. Bell at once proceeded to Boston, where he was engaged in the rubber business until November, . when he removed to Paterson. Here he went into business of importing wines and other articles of mer- idise al the store which he still occupies in Markel streel : he also at once took an interest in various manu- facturing and mercantile projects. In 1866 he began the development of Riverside, at present a flourishing section lie city. He organized the Riverside Land Improve- ment Company in 1866 ami at its dissolution in 1 S- j he owned one-fourth of the property held by the company. This company induced the New Jersey Midland railroad company- — now the New York, Susquehanna & Western railroad company— to lay its tracks through Paterson by subscribing $12,500 ii the capital stock of the railroad company, the latter locating its route through the property owned 1>\ the land company. In 1S6S Mr. Hell purchased the 1 lilliard pli S a poi tion of it a- a residence. lie \t.i- located fourteen mills and manu- hments in this city, all with one excep- tion on property owned by him. 11 first subscribers to the Paterson iV Little Falls horse railroad any. lie had large interests ill the Passaic and Orange oil companies and in the Excelsior anil Empire ompanies, the latter being the first companies of their kind organized in this country. He secured the chartei and organization of the People's Gas Light compam of Pati 1- hi, 1 corporation which reduced the pi is to manufacturers from $3. So to $1.50 per thousand, and he PA TERSON, ILLUSTR. I TED. 119 has been largely interested in nearly every work of im- portance undertaken in Paterson. At the present day he is the owner of a great deal of valuable real estate. In 1SS9 he erected the Hell building on the corner oi Market street and Ramapo avenue, an illustration of which appears on another page, lie has just completed the Bunker Hill mills at Riverside and leased them for a long term of years to W. & f. Sloane, of New York, for the manufacture of tapestry, thus introducing another new industry in the city. James Wilson is a Scotchman bv birth and came to Paterson twenty-seven years ago. He established a coal business in which he has been very successful, due to his business rule ol liberal and honest dealings with all. He has extensive sheds on Marshall street with considerable frontage on the Morris canal. lie supplies a huge num- ber of the mills and manufactories in Paterson with coal and his business is continually increasing. He has been prominent in public affairs and his judgment is frequently sought when matters of importance to the city and the pub- lic are to be considered. He served as one of a committee appointed at a public meeting for the selection of parks for Paterson and the subsequent action of the Board of Alder- dermen in purchasing the sites selected and the general public approval of this course bore testimony to Mr. Wd- son's excellent judgment. Tin. Hobart-Stevenson Building. — The Hobart- Stevenson building was erected in iSSS and is the property of Mr. Garret A. Hobart and Mr. Eugene Stevenson. The property is situated on Washington street adjoining the City Hall. For a long number of years the lots on which it stands were unimproved, the property being too valuable tor residences. Mr. Stevenson conceived the idea that it would be an excellent place for a building for offices and Mr. Hobart having joined him in his enterprise the result was the erection of the building, an illustration of which appears on page 6z. The judgment of the gentle- men owning the property was excellent, for before the building had been completed every room and the four stores on the ground floor had been leased. The Passaic Water Company and a number of lawyers and real est ite agents have their offices in the building. N. Lane. — Paterson is certainly well provided in the line ot photographers who are continually vicing with each other in the production of the best work. Recogniz- ing the tact that photography as applied to portraits had the field well covered Mr. Lane a number of veals ago devoted himself exclusively to photographing buildings, machinery, interiors and similar work. He found here ample opportunity for the display of his talents and as lit- tle had been done in this direction before, his efforts were the more appreciated. No photographer had made a spe- cialty of this class of work and Mr. Lane soon found him- self master ot the situation. His work is perfect in every respect and his camei a is constantly in demand. He has made thousands of views for manufacturers and others and in every case given entire satisfaction. Most ot the en- gravings in this work are from photographs taken l>v Mr. Lane, he having been selected on account of his superior- ity in this class of work. Tut-: Cottage ox- the Cliff. — Thousands of people arc annually attracted to the Falls of the Passiie for the purpose of viewing this great masterpiece of nature. The unds about the cataract have been improved in many ways and contain three of the reservoirs of the Passaic Water Company. The Valley of the Rocks, a deep gorge below the Falls, still retains its pristine grandeur unimpaired. Excursions and target companies from New York, Newark. Jersey City and more remote points visit the Falls in large numbers every year. At present the grounds are in charge of Mr. Henry Baum, who has also secured a lease on the Cottage on the Cliff, situated roman- tically on a high ledge of rock overlooking the Valley of the Rocks and the city of Paterson. A dancing platform, caroussel, shooting gallery and bowling allevs are among the attractions on the ''rounds. -^>^h MISCELLANEOUS. HHHHHEHr !<^ |j Vry'lll- railroad facilities ofPaterson are unsurpass- jjl ^JLi; l-i1. The principal railroad passing through the !fec=?flj. :ity, and one which on account of the liberal- ^fi^ P^ ' lN '""' ener o) °fits management has absorbed : and continues to retain most of the traffic, 1 >< > 1 1 1 / freight and passenger, i- the New > > ork, Lake Erie & Western. It runs upwards of iift\ ... i ; A trains a da\ each way with a corresponding 'Y'. number of freight trains. No difficult) has ever been experienced in the wa\ of running switches to the various manufacturing establishments of importance and the company lias ever lent a willing ear to requests for more depots or facilities of other kinds. It has ever been foremost in all improvements and has assisted materially in building up the city . The New York, Susquehanna .V Western railroad skirts the eastern boundary <>f the city and in order to obtain a fair share of the city's traffic lias built a spur into the heart of the city. A similar course has been pur- sued b) the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western railroad company whose main line skirts the western boundar) of the city. It will consequently be seen that no matter how- much Paterson extends itself the railroad facilities will be- lie ample. The rates of freight between Paterson and New York and other points are low and commutation rate- to New York for passengers amount to about li\ e dollars a month, allow- ing the holders of the tickets one ride each way for ever} da) in the month. family tickets which ma) he used by any member of the famil) or guest or person in any way attached to the family, are sold at $12.50 tor twenty-five trips. ert) in the city. The valuations made by the assessors are equal to about thirty percent, of the market value of the property. Since the adoption of high license a tew years ago a considerable portion of the city's expenses is paid 1>\ the tax on the liquor traffic. The State has no debt, its expenses being paid by taxes on railroads ami similar cor- porations, and consequently then- is no State tax. The last cent of the county's debt was paid several years ago and so the count) tax amounts to just sufficient to make the necessary or desirable improvements. The manage- ment of the cit) and county affairs has always been con- sen ative. The sewer system of the city has been greatly extended within the past few years. In [SS2 the legislature passed a law permitting the construction ol sewers b) a new method : sewers are built at the request ol property owners along the line of the proposed sewers and the propert) is assessed for the benefits conferred. If the sewer is a large main sewer the city pays a portion of the expense, gener- ally about one-half; lateral sewers are generall) construct- ed at the expense of the property owners benefitted. In this wa\ sewers cost the property owners from $25 to $50 per lot and after that no further sewer taxes are levied. In this wa\ ever) portion ol the city has been provided with sewers. The latter discharge into the I'assaic river which Hows through the centre of the city ; it is a rapidly running stream with numerous rapids and lew pools, so that the sewage is quickl) and cnlirck removed. The charter of the cit) prohibits the Board of Aldermen from incurring an) expense in an) year exceeding a lax of two and a half per cent, on the total \ a I nation of the prop- Fhe city has a large number of tine churches of ever) denomination, a tew of which ale shown on other pages. All the prominent secret societies are represented in Paterson by several lodges or councils. There are large numbers of fraternity insurance organizations and a num- ber of athletic, boating and similar organizations. The lire department of the cit) is one ol the most effi- cient in the country. A few years ago it was almost alto- gether voluntary but recently this has been changed to a department on a paid basis. There are nine engine com- panies, three truck companies and a chemical engine com- panies, all equipped with horses and full corps of men. Rates of insurance consequently are very low. Paterson has an efficient Board of Health and has been free from anything like epidemics of disease for many long years. Ibis is principally due to the energetic manner in which the Board of Health takes hold of all cases of con- tagious diseases. Places where scarlet fever, diphtheria anil similar diseases occur are at once quarantined and af- ter the disease has disappeared thoroughl) fumigated by an officer appointed for that purpose. Cases of small pox. which have been exceedingly rare, are at once remove.] to the eii\ pest house, outside of the cit) limit-: this estab- lishment has not been used lor man) years. A sanitary officer also look- after all the meat and food offered for sale and the offering for sale of adulterated food or bad meat is severel) punished. Paterson's population, according to the official census, has increased as follows: — 1820 L,57H i860 1 lsjl I.7s7 1865 24,893 |sj; 5,236 ]s7u 33 ;,si L832 9,085 1n7.7 38,824 isio •. . . T.-V.is 1880 51,084 1850 11.341 lxsr, 1 1855 16, 1 18 !-."• 7s.li -7 121 122 123 THOMAS ROGERS. 124 THE ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS IN 1830. THE ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS AT THE PRESENT DAY. 125 ROBERT S. HUGHES. 126 r '7 \'i-- i 9 ) £f\ui z / S 2 It FIG. 1. FIG. 2. L DCZDQ '-.: A J 1 • -Ll | SOME OLD LOCOMOTIVES. 127 ROOCRS LOCOMOTIVE A MACHINE WORKS Patx«»ox.No* Jimcy • UnmoSTATnorAMCitic* ROOCRS LOCOMOTIVE A MACHINE WORKS PAmKm.NcwJcMcr- UnrolixTnorAMDncA "* ~~- , ■ " **■ ■■■>- ' - ■ -.r ' t ^ ^. • — - -t FIG. 2. ROOCRS LOCOMOTIVE* MACHINE WORKS P«ra*oN.NcwJotKr- UNrrotTAToorAMraicA LOCOMOTIVES BUILT BY THE ROGERS LOCOMOTIVE AND MACHINE WORKS. 128 FRONT VIEW OF THE PASSAIC ROLLING MILL COMPANY'S WORKS. REAR VIEW OF THE PASSAIC ROLLING MILL COMPANY'S WORKS > z < 0. o o C3 z _l _l o cc o < < 0- > n z 130 CO a. O 5 z o a. O co DC HI I- < 0. UJ I 131 HAMMER IN THE PATERSON IRON WORK3. ^2>2 FRANKLIN C. BECKWITH. 133 CHARLES D. BECKWITH. 134 CO en O z I o < > o GE UJ I I- 135 en o I o < s z o I- < UJ I 136 WILLIAM G. WATSON. HI57 JAMES WATSON. 138 BOILER WORKS OF SAMUEL SMITH & SON. 139 SAMUFL SMITH. 440 141 Q o o I- < UJ •M D Z UJ > < < O cr < 142 STRAIGHT STREET MILL OF BENJAMIN EASTWOOD. 143 BENJAMIN EASTWOOD. 144 DC O 5 CO > < Q. o o o o > til z EC < Ul I I- 145 ROBERT ATHERTON. 146 MACHINE WORKS OF J. C. TODD. JUTE MILL OF J. C. TODD. 147 JOSEPH C. TODD. 148 PIONEER SILK CO. PIONEER SILK COMPANY 149 J&& DEXTER, LAMBERT & CO. 150 151 > z < a. s o o o z or D I- o < Z> z < W 3 z < DC LU I _i 55 152 > < Q. O O z o CD CO z o co x IXl I- < Ul I CO 153 O $ co Q < > I- tr LU I o a u. o _i _j CO 154 HENRY DOHERTY. 155 JOSEPH WADSWORTH. 156 1 UJ DC Q DC < 5 I O O DO < I i j t r^ 157 158 CO oc l±J I h O cc m < I CO cc CO 159 u. o z g H m I x LU CO < 0. UJ I > Z < 0- o o o z oc D o < Z> Z 166 It z o =8 LU O < li. o CO O 5 _l 167 THOMAS BARBOUR. 168 > z < Q. s o o a z z z Q. CO X < a: D o < CO UJ I (- UJ UJ K □ Z < a 169 < s o o C3 z z z 0- C0 X < o: o CQ CC < CQ LU I LlJ Ul C£ LU O CC 0. C0 170 > z < O O C3 z z z CL 03 X < o < UJ X UJ H Z < 171 > z < 0. O O o z X D I- O < Li. Z < I a. _i O o LU I 172 JACOB WALDER. 173 ' FREDERICK HARDING. 174 WORKS OF JOHN R. DAGGERS. WORKS OF I. A. HALL. 175 JOHN R. DAGGERS. 176 I. A. HALL. 177 I. D. BLAUVELT. 178 CARRIAGE WORKS OF I. D. BLAUVELT. MARBLE AND GRANITE WORKS OF WILLIAM L BAMBER. 179 180 _i < - 1 - cc 111 CO O ui Z 9 z I o I o z z i o UJ I h LU Ll u. _l I H z £ z o UJ < > 181 z < a. m z < H CO CC I O > UJ 5 UJ cc CO < o o C3 z UJ cc CO D UJ H < D _l O co z O o UJ I H 182 2 < I < O 03 UJ < o > hi UJ ir m z < 0. o o C3 z cc < a _j 05 z o o UJ I I- 183 LU z z LU til < X a. CO > cc UJ g UJ cc ro I >' z < 0. O O a z ce CD g _i o co z o o UJ I 184 »t tr W I H O a. no < > HI g L'J CD > Z < Q_ o o o z LU a. CD Q HJ h < g _i o Z o o LU X Patersons Industries. .O give a detailed account of the various in- dustries in Paterson would be equal to wri- ting an encyclopedia ; it would require a knowledge of nearly every branch of indus- try and the diligent" research of the historian. This it is needless to say is not the object of this work. Mr. Fenner on preceding pages has pointed out that Paterson possesses advan- tages which have attracted hither many and important industries, all of which met with success. The purposes of this work will be amply answered by a de- scription of some of the leading manufacturing establish- ments ; to describe them all would be mere repetition tire- some to the reader. Paterson has many and diversified in- dustries all of which contribute their share of proof that for manufacturing no place possesses advantages superior to Paterson. '-The proof of the pudding is the eating there- of," is an old proverb and one which has stood the test of ages, thereby differing from many other proverbs. On the preceding pages of this volume the advantages of Pat- erson have been theoretically set forth with such proof as was incident thereto ; the next succeeding pages will show- more in detail wdiat Paterson has accomplished, how its manufacturers have prospered and how others may do likewise. No attempt will be made to cover the entire field of industry but enough will be shown to support the claims of Paterson as an exceptionally well favored place fir manufacturing. Tin: Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works. — The history of t^e Rogers locomotive works is so closely identified with the history of locomotive building in this country that the two cannot be considered apart from each other. Xo man ever did more for an industry in any coun- try than did Mr. Thomas Rogers forthe locomotive industry in the United States. I lis genius ami energy laid the cor- nerstone for what is now one of the most important indus- tries in the country. It was not until 1833 that railroads began to attract con- siderable attention. The first railroad built here was a line about three miles long from the Quincy granite quarries to the Neponset river, the object being the transportation of granite for the Bunker Hill monument. This road was built in 1S26 and was operated by horse power and station- ary engines. The Delaware & Hudson Can d company built the Carbondale railroad in 1S27 ; this line was also •in operated by horses and stationary engines and extended from Carbondale. Pa., to Honesdale. It was the first rail- road on which a locomotive was used. This locomotive was the •■Stourbridge Lion," (Fig. 1. page 120). built in Stourbridge, England, under the direction of Horatio Al- len, an engineer (.11 the Carbondale road. It was tried in August, 1S29. but found too heavy for the road. The se- cond locomotive used in this country was built in England, (Fig. 2. page 126). by Stephenson. It was called the ••Rocket" and was built for the Carbondale road. Peter Cooper then built a locomotive, (Fig. 3, page 126), which was used on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad.- This was in 1S30. In the same year E. L. Miller built a locomotive, (Fig. 4, page 126), called the "Best Friend." tor the South Carolina railroad company. In 1S31 the ■•South Carolina," (Fig. 5, page 126), was built by the West Point Foundry Association. The first locomotive built by the Rogers works was the "Sandusky," (Fig 6, page 126) for the Xew Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company. The evolution of the locomotive from the first one used in this country to the finished product of the Rogers works of to-day. is shown on pages 126 and [27. Mr. Thomas Rogers was born on March 16, 1792. in Groton, Conn. He died in Xew York on April 10, 1856. He was a lineal descendant of Thomas Rogers, one of the Pilgrim Fathers, who came to this country in the historic Mayflower. Early in his life he learned the trade of house carpenter but at the breaking out of the war of 1S12 he enlisted. After sen ng through the war he worked at his trade as carpenter in Paterson. \\ bile thus employed he- was engaged by Captain Ward, who had recently returned from a trip to England, to make the patterns for a number of power looms to lie used in the manufacture of cotton duck. He appreciated the value of the power looms and bought from Captain Ward the patent for manufacturing them. In 1S19 he went into partnership with John Clark. Jr.. whose lather had recently erected the Beaver mill, and engaged in the manufacture of power looms. In the fol- lowing year the firm moved into the little Beaver mill and Abraham Godwin, Jr. was admitted as a partner, the name of the firm being changed to Godwin. Rogers ,V Co. The firm spun cotton and built all kinds of machinery. In 1S22 they leased Collett's mill, employing at that time about two hundred hands. In June, [S31. Mr. Rogers withdrew from the firm, taking with him $3S.ooo as his share of the profits. He purchased a mill site on the up- i PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. raceway and erected the Jefferson Works in what was Brunswick and back, ihc trip being entire!} satisfactory to .1! iii 'i time a part ofthe forest surrounding Paterson. Mr. all concerned. It was designed for the New Jersey (now Rogers intended t" devote the Ibwei part ol the mill to Pennsylvania) railroad, but was sold to tin- Mad River & building machinery and the upper to spinning cotton, but Lake- lair railroad company and shipped on October 1 j : he soon found orders pouring in for machinery to such an the price was $6,750. There was no railroad west (.1' extent that he abandoned the spinning of cotton and de- Paterson, so the engine was taken to pieces, boxed up and voted himself exclusivel} to the construction of machinery, .sent by schooner and canal-boal to Ohio, in charge of In [832 he went into partnership with Morris Ketchum Thomas Hogg, an employe ol the Rogers works, who had and Jasper Grosvenor, of New York, under the lit m name bei 11 occupied on the engine fi the first, lie put it to- ok R .-cis. Ketchum & Grosvenor. The railroad from gether at the place of its destination and as soon as the Jersey Cite to Paterson was approaching completion and track was laid — which was required bj the leg slature to the linn built the bridges along the line ok that he four keel ten inches gauge to conform to the gauge of road. Horatio Allen was then chief engineer ok the the locomotive — he ran the new iron horse for a short time South Carolina railroad and he visited Mr. Rogers on to show the railroad men how to do it The result was an order for a number ok axles and carw heels and had that he was retained in the employ of the railroad com - a conversation with him on the subject ok building pany, of which he was master mechanic for thirty years. locomotives. The ••McNeill." the first locomotive on The second engine produced at the Rogers works was the the Paterson & Hudson River railroad, had keen brought "Arresech," for the New Jersey railroad. It was shipped to Paterson. The firm had erected a two-story stone February 19, 1S38, and was similar to the first. The structure, about 50 by 75 leet. at the southeast cor- "Clinton" was completed in April, 1838, for the Lockport ner of Market and Spruce streets, tor a millwright & Niagara Falls railroad ; its cylinders were 10 by 18 and shop. In the kail ok [836 a two-storj brick building, 40X its gauge was | leet 8J inches. The "Experiment" was 100 feet, was elected on the east side of Spruce street, turned out in June for the South Carolina railroad. In nearly opposite the present office, for a locomotive shop. October three were finished and in November only two. When the ••McNeill" was brought to Paterson it lay for Thus, it will be seen that whereas it took eighteen months some weeks in pieces, just as it had been brought from to make the lirst engine, seven were completed in the next England, and nobod} was at hand to put it together, year An eight-wheel engine was turned out in iSj|.a This gave Mr. Rogers an excellent opportunity to study ten-wheel engine in 1848 and the first "Mogul" was made- its construction, which he was not slow to take advantage at these wanks in 1863, since which date it has become of. One Hodge, a draughtsman of considerable skill, was popular with all the great railroads. It would take many employed to make drawings tor an engine of the same pages to enumerate all the improvements in the construc- model as the "McNeill " He worked at them foi a long tion of locomotives which have been originated at these time but the engine made slow progress and Mr. Rogers works. Mr. Rogers was himself a man of great quick- finally discharged him. Then Mr. William Swinburne, ness of perception and was always ready to act on the sug- who was the patternmaker for the works, proposed to gestions of others as well, and from the first had the best make the drawings and the patterns for the engine Ilis available talent, including the men who subsequently Start- offer was gladl} accepted and he went confident!} towork, ed the locomotive business elsewhere in the city. For preparing the drawings and patterns and superintending thirty years the establishment had the advantage of the tal- the construction. It was a daring experiment but after ents of William S. Hudson, who was acknowledged to be I' trying and more than a year of hard work the new one ofthe foremost men in the United States, if nut in the engine was completed to the satisfaction of all concerned. world, as a locomotive mechanic. The fame ok the It was called the ••Sandusky." It had one pair of driving engines spread wide at an early day. In 184.1 a locomo- wheels, situated forward of the furnace ; they were 4J feet in tive was sent to Cuba and that led the waj to a constant diameter; the cylinders were 11 inches in diameter, by 16 succession of orders thence since that time, so that to-day inches stroke : the truck had four 30-inch wheels The lit- most ofthe locomotives running in Cuba are from the tie engine was about the size of those now run on the New Rogers works Orders soon poured in from all parts of ^ Oik elevated railroads. It was in some respects an im- the country and building after building was erected until provement on its model. Mr. Rogers having introduced a then- was a mass ok structures of all shapes and sizes novel feature, "counterbalancing," since adopted inmost They were mostly small, ancient and unattractive in les. for this he filed a specification in aspect, with low ceilings, badly arranged and badly loca- the Patent Office, dated July 12, 1S37. lie also cast the ted with respect u. convenience in getting work. It was driving wheels with hollow spokes and rim and in other evident at a glance that they had been put up and enlarged particulai ipated the driving wheel now in general from time to time to meet tin- urgent demands of the us. on the railroads of this country He also set the four moment and without any idea of the future magnitude the wheeled truck under the forward part of the engine. The business was destined to attain. This had gone on until ••Sandusky" made a public trial trip on October (1. [837, it became impossible to continue in that way. Then Mr. running from Paterson to Jersej Citj and thence to New Jacob S. Rogers, who had succeeded his father in the PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. 187 management of the works and who displayed the same in- domitable energy and business tact, began the reconstruc- tion, steadily pursuing a settled and most far-seeing plan, looking to the indefinite expansion of the works and adapt- ing every department of the works to every other depart- ment, with a view to the utmost economy in time, labor and space These, however, were not the only considera- tions. The comfort and convenience of the workmen were regarded at the same time, and the new buildings had high ceilings, abundant light and air, ami in winter were comfortably warmed. Moreover, some attention was paid to the architectural appearance "I the new structures, which are therefore symmetrical and pleasing to the eye and an ornament to the vicinity. There is a massive simplicity about all of them, of course, which befits the character of the establishment, but there is nothing repellant about them, either inside or outside. Since 1S70 the building of machinery, originally the sole business of the works, has been abandoned to make way for the production of loco- motives. The evolution of the Rogers works, in 1S32 to their pres- ent dimensions is shown on page 124. The works at present are owned by the Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works, of which Mr. Jacob S. Rogers, the son of Thomas Rogers, is president, and Mr. Robert .~- Hughes, is secre- tary. The establishment employs about two thousand hands. Illustrations of locomotives built during the present year by the Rogers Locomotive Works will be found on page 127 Figure r represents a passenger locomotive, having the following dimensions: Cylinders, 17x24: gauge, 4 feet. Si inches; driving wheels, 62 inches; rigid wheel base, S feet, 6 inches; total wheel base. 11 feet. 9.I inches; the engine weighs in working order 89,000 pounds, 011 drivers, 56.000 pounds. Figure 2 represents another pas- senger engine, haying the following dimensions : — Cylin- ders, 20x24; gauge, ). S. L : driving wheels, 62; rigid wheel base, 13; total wheel base. 23, 9: the engine weighs in wording order 131,000; on drivers 100.^00. Figure 3 represents a large freight engine, having dimensions as follows :— Cylinders, 21x2) : gauge, 4. 9; driving wheels, 4, 3; rigid wheel base. is. S; total wheel base, 23. s ; the engine weighs 131,000 in working order; 112.000 on dri\ ers. Robert S. Hughes was born in this city on the 24th of May. 1S27, his father' being Robert Hughes, one of the oldest residents of the city. At twenty years of age Mi'. Hughes entered the employment ot Rogers. Ketchum & Grosvenor as an assistant in the office and since that time he has been associated with the Messrs Rogers in their manufacturing enterprises. During that period the most important changes have been made in the building of loco- motives. When the Rogers Locomotiye & Machine Com- pany was formed Mr. Hughes was given an interest in the enterprise. In 1S66 he was elected secretary of the com- pany and ten years later he was elected treasurer. .V re- cent writer very properly says of Mr. Hughes: — -'His life- work has been confined to the performance of his duties in the office of the Rogers works, and he has held himself studiousl} aloof from all public affairs, although he has al- ways felt a warm interest in local events and been a willing contributor to the institutions of the eitv. He is courteous and kind in his intercourse with all and his modesty ami reticence do not conceal from his friends his real worth as a man and a citizen. He possesses good business qualifi- cations and during the many years of his connection with the Rogers works has been uniformly faithful in the dis- charge of all duties and his services have been highly valued by the concern." Tut: Passaic Rolling Mill. — The Passaic Rolling Mill is one of the most important iron manufacturing es- tablishments in the country and it was part of the good fortune which has made Paterson so flourishing that in- duced the owners of this establishment to locate their in- dustry within its limits. The establishment is one of the main props of industrial Paterson. for no matter what the state of business may be generally there is always work to do at the Passaic Rolling Mill. It occupies a large terri- tory with numerous large buildings in the southern part of the city and forcibly impresses passengers on Erie trains with the importance of Paterson as a manufacturing centre. The first indication ot activity in this portion of the city was in 1863, when Mr. Sherman [aqua had obtained for himself and a few ot rers a charter from the legislature for the Paterson Iron Company. A frame shop, one hundred by two hundred feet, was built and the rolling of merchant bar iron from scrap begun. In the following year the name of the company was changed to the Idaho Iron Company. The industry, however, did not flourish and in the course of a year or two the plant was sold to a com- pany in California and shipped thither. In 1S67. after the shop had been closed for two years, Mr. Watts Cooke came to Paterson. whither his three brothers, John, James and William, had preceded him Mr. Watts Cooke had been superintendent of the Delaware. Lackawanna & Western railroad for a number of years, a position which had enabled him to study the rolling of iron in the large establishments along the line of that road. In March, 186S, the four brothers bought the remaining property of the Idaho Iron Works and at once proceeded to put in new machinery. So energetic were the preparations that the new company rolled its first bar of iron on July ;. [86S, they having at that time two trains of rolls, eighteen- inch and nine-inch, and employing about a hundred hands. In the following year the company was chartered as the Passaic Rolling Mi 1 Company; it had a capital of $100.- 000. with a privilege of increasing it to $500,000. In [873 Mr. William Cooke, who had been President, sold his interest to Mr W. O. Fayerw cather and since then the management of the business has rested upon Mr. Watts Cooke as President and Mr. Faverw eather as Treasurer. The financial panic of rb'73, which closed so many of the industrial establishments in this country, only effected a change in the product of the works. There being little 1 88 l\n ERSON, IL L USTRA TED. demand for the kind of work hitherto produced a new 22- inch train of rolls was puf in for the rolling of 1 he. mis and channel iron The success of what appeared at the time an experiment attested the good judgment of the compan) . The first order received was for the iron work for the new building of the New York Evening Post, on the corner of Broadway and Fulton street, New York : this was follow- ed by a large order for iron work for the new Capitol at Albany and then came an order for all the iron beams used in the construction of tin- Centennial buildings in Philadelphia. From this time on orders poured in from all >onree-. One of the mosl striking buildings erected was the Seventh Regiment Armor) ol New York. Hiis consists in the main of a series of immense arches of iron. t.s- feel sp.m over all. the building being 290 feef long and c,i feet high; there are t, 150,000 pounds of iron in this em ■viiii nis structure. The building of wrought-iron bridges next attracted the attention of the company, one of the liist orders being the bridge which spans the Passaic river at Riverside. Pater- son, one of the cheapest and best bridges ever erected for the Erie railroad. One of the in isl important enterprises undertaken in structural iron was the construction of the New York elevated railroads. The company first built a section of the road from Morris streel across the Battery to Front street, being the first of the modern s) stem now in use on that line. Then the company built the section of the road from Morris street t" Chatham Square Then they took down the old track on the west side and rebuilt the road on their own plans from the Battery to Morris street, from Morris street through Greenwich to Central Park and all through Ninth avenue. On the east side the\ built the road from the Batten '" Canal street and from Sixty-fifth to One-hundredth street. They used upwards of twelve thousand tons of iron in this work. On October ;. [878, tire destroyed the puddling and mer- chant bar mills. These two buildings were three times as extensive as the whole establishment when the company took ai. The company at once replaced the burned structures witli a line brick building, two hundred h\ three hundred feet, with a lofty root' supported 011 iron trusses rolled in the mill This was intended lor puddling and for rolling merchant iron an 1 small angles and T's. The works are kept running day and night. In r.882 the company acq 1 i red what was known as the Vreeland farm, a tract ot twenty-five acres adjoining their : on the south, it being apparent lim- ited room would not he sufficient tor the demand on the product. In that year Mr. John Cooke and Mr. lames ike died and Messrs John S. Cooke. Frederick \V. I ike and John K. Cooke were made directors. The work ol' tin- bridge building department had increased ■ hi railroad bridges were built and ship- ped to even state in the Union, as well as to Central and America and the West Indies. For main years these bridges were designed by Mr. Frank A. Leers, the civil engineer ot the o my, whose death in 1890 wis , ( great loss to the industry. Among the man) notable works designed and executed since [S82 are the follow- ing: -Idle draw bridge over the Mississippi river at St. Paul. Minn.. 432 feel span, up to that time the lai ever built; the Hoboken elevated cable railroad, over ninety feet high ; the many bridges between Binghamton and Buffalo on the Delaware. Lackawanna Si Western railroad: the High Bridge over the Passaic river at West Paterson on the same road, and most notable of all the magnificent Washington Bridge over the Harlem river at One-hundred-and-eighty-firsf street. New York. This latter structure cmisisis of two steel arches of live hundred and ten feet span each, requiring over id. 000. 000 pounds of iron and steel in its construction. The work was huilt at the shops in Paterson and erected hy the companv in the space of fifteen months and is a triumph not onl) of engineering skill hut a "thing of beauty" and a lasting monument to the credit of the works and the city of Pater- son. An illustration of this bridge appears on page 129 ot' this \\ , iik. The substitution <>l steel for iron caused large additi to be made to the plant in [888 ami 1889. Open hearth steel furnaces were huilt. a universal plate mill, a bloom- ing mill and a new beam mill. For the purpose of ac- commodating these, large additions were made to the buildings. The next step of importance was the construc- tion of a spur of the Delaware. Lackawanna &Western rail- road directly into the yards ol' the company. This ena- bled the companv to receive at reduced cost the large ton- of raw material such as coal, ore and pig iron, which before had to he hauled b) teams nearly a mile. The manufacture of steel was commenced in December, 1SS9. and has been in successful operation since. At present the pay-rolls of the companv embrace over a thousand employees at the works proper, in addition to several hundred employed about the countr) erecting the various bridges under contract. And so it keeps on, growing larger year b) year, so that if the future can be judged by the past before another ten years have gone b) the additional twentv-live acres will he all under cover and the enormous works of the old world will find their counterpart in this newer and younger hut more progress- ive country. The present management of the compan) is: — Watts Cooke, president: W. < >. Favervv eather. vice president and treasurer: A. C. Fairchild. secretary : John K. Cooke, superintendent, with an aide corps of assistants in the various departments. The Paterson Ikon Works. — The Paterson Iron Works were established in [S52 by Sherman Jaqua, ot Nashua, N IF. and Thomas W. Gillies, also of Nashua. where both these gentlemen were engaged in the manu- facture of iron. They were attracted to Paterson by the expansion of the locomotive industry and the fact tiiat some portions of locomotive engines were being made b) con- tract by other iron manufacturers. They erected a black- smith shop about fift) by seventy-live feet along the Erie railroad track, smith of Clay Street, and their fust wmk was PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. 189 the making of tires for locomotive wheels out of Lowmoor and Boiling bars Subsequently they put in two hammers for the forging of axles and shapes for locomotives The demand for their product induced them to put in another hammer shortly afterwards. In i8s,3 they obtained a spe- cial charter from the legislature and were constituted the Paterson Iron Works. Mr. Franklin C. Beckwith had at that time come to Paterson for the purpose of constructing the second track for the Erie railroad. Before the end of 1853 he had purchased a controlling interest in the works and had devoted himself altogether to the business of mak- ing forgings Subsequently he bought out his partners and continued managing the works up to the time of his death. In 1S66 he added the making of steel to the works but this industry gradually fell off and was given up alto- gether in 1870. In i860 Mr. Beckwith had materially in- creased the capacity of the works : he disposed of the small hammers, putting in their places larger hammers of more approved construction. In 1862 he put in the first upright hammer, of five tons, for heavy steamship forgings. In iS6^ he put in a ten ton hammer. Orders soon poured in from all over the country and some of the heaviest forg- ings in use in water works and similar establishments throughout the United States were made by the Paterson Iron Works. A number of immense shafts were forged for the Pacific Mail steamship company and were sent overland by rail to California, there to be placed in the steamships of that company. As there are few works in the country with the capacity of the Paterson Iron Works thev have frequent calls for machinery from remote parts of the country. They have furnished large plants for mining operations in the west and in this, as in other branches, they have achieved enviable success. The works cover a large area of ground and employ about two hundred hands. At the death of Mr. Beckwith the works passed into the hands of his sons, Charles I ). and I. Alexan- ander Beckwith : the latter some years later withdrew from active participation in the management of the works and at his death the entire control passed into the hands of his brother. Mr. James Johnston lias been superintend- ent of the works and Mr. Warren Dav bookkeeper for main years. The works were entirely destroyed by tire on the night of May 1:, 18S7. entailing a severe loss on the owners. Thev were, however, rebuilt as quickly as builders could do the work. So complete had been their arrangement that little change was deemed advisable when the present works were put up. Franklin C. Beckwith was bom near Schuylerville, Saratoga County, X. Y., on July z, 1817, and remained on the home farm until he was nineteen years of age. He then became foreman under an elder brother who was engaged in laving sections of the track on the Boston A: Albany railroad and subsequently received a division of his own extending from Chatham to East Albany. After a few years he became superintendent of both the track and freight department of the Troy & Albany railroad and remained in that position for several years. About 1S49 ne removed to Philadelphia and established the busi- ness ol' smelting iron but a year later entered the emploj of the New York & Erie railway and had charge of lay- ing the track on the Delaware Division of the road extend- ing from Port Jervis to Susquehanna. He then removed to Niagara Palls and laid the railroad from that place to Lockport, N. Y. Returning again to the Erie he built the bridge on that road at Susquehanna and in rS^;, took up his resilience in Paterson and took the contract for lay- ing the double track from Paterson to Jersey City. He was thoroughly devoted to business, of strict integrity anil generous impulses. He died on February 8, 1875. Charles D. Beckwith was born fifty-one years ago on the homestead farm in Columbia County, X. Y., and in his early years assisted his lather in various enterprises. In the city of Paterson he soon rose to prominence as a manufacturer and a public spirited citizen. His liberal- ity, both in opinion and purse, made him hosts of friends and he was frequently importuned to become a candidate for public office. He. however, disliked public life and when in 1872 he was elected Alderman from the Fifth \\ ard he resigned after having served onl\ a portion of his time. Ten years later he was again induced to accept the Republican nomination for Alderman in the Fifth Ward; he was elected but it was only with difficulty that his friends induced him to serve out his term. In 1885, after having a number of times declined nominations for various offices, he was induced to accept the nomination for Mayor; he was triumphantly elected over a strong adversary and in [8S7 he was re-elected. In the following year he was unanimously chosen the candidate of the Re- publican party for Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of Xew Jersey, being the first man who ever re- ceived that nomination without a struggle. He was elect- ed, running considerably ahead of his ticket. Mr. Beck- with is one of the most straightforward and liberal of men: lie has a personal magnetism which attracts to him all men who admire frankness and good nature. Tin-: Kearney & Poor Company. — This company manufactures files and rasps at Riverside, a flourishing section of the city of Paterson, and has offices at No. 101 Chambers street, Xew York. The company has a reputa- tion and a trade co-extensive not only with this country but extending to many foreign nations. Their works are recognized as among the largest and best equipped of the kind in the country. The company founded its business in 1877 and is officered as follows : — President and treas- urer. James D. Foot; vice president and genera] manager. James Kearney: secretary, Sandford D. Foot. The pres- ident of the company is in personal charge of the Xew York office. The large body ol' workmen employed at the factory are greatly facilitated by the use of specially improved machinery invented for the purpose, which is remarkably ingenious and has served to place this concern upon a footing with its most formidable competitors in any part of the world, as regards the ability for rapid and perfect production, ami is aiding the company to produce 190 PA 7ERS0N, ILLUSTK. ITED. a file which takes no second place when pitted against an) file with which it ma) be brought into just competition. The raw material used is the besl English and American steel and in the selection ofil the utmost care is exercised and only such used as can withstand the severest tests. The outpul is one of great magnitude and importance and comprises all the various grades of cuts known as rough, bastard, second cut, smooth and dead smooth — as also the h ading shapes flat, half-round, hand, pillar, equalling, cot- ter, square, round, three square, mill saw. tapir saw. slim taper saw, double-cut taper saw, crossing, cabinet rasps, cabinet files, wood rasps, warding files and joint 1ilcs. From two and a half to three tuns of steel are cut up and made into files each working day of the year, the present output being about twelve hundred do/en a day. While competition in this business is so close that hardly si\ months pass without some file manufacturer going out of business this company owing to the superior quality of their files not only have all the business they can attend to but for the past \ear have Keen obliged to decline all new- trade. But with constant!} increasing facilities they hope in the course of a year to still further increase their very large production. Some little idea can he formed of the character of the work of this concern by considering the in mie ions shapes and cuts of files made, varying in length from two to thirty inches, in weighl from the fraction of an ounce to five pounds or more for a single tile, and in cut from teeth so line that a magnifying H'lass is necessary to see them to teeth so coarse as to form only twelve to an inch. All these files and rasps are guaranteed as to qual- ity and are recognized as unexcelled either for workman- ship, finish or durability b) any other house extant. A read) market is found lor these goods in all sections of the I nited States and a heav) export trade is enjoyed with main foreign nations. All orders by mail or telegraph are promptly attended to at the New York office and are tilled direct from the lactory. Customers in all parts of the country may fully rely on the ability of this company to make such selections as will satisfactorily meet all re- tirements of the trade and the public. Benjamin Eastwood, one of the most progressive and energetic of the men in Paterson engaged in industrial pursuits, was born in Lancashire, England, on October jl, [839. After receiving a common school education he was placed ill a machine shop where he learned Ins trade during the da) time, in the evening attending school. Al- ter about nine years of a lite of this kind he came to this t amirs in [863 and alter being employed as a machinist for William Tunstell and others in Paterson lor some time Ik- went west where he worked as machinist in Milwau- kee. Alter returning to Paterson he was induced to go to Mecklenburgh Counts. North Carolina, where he was ged to erect tlie engines and machinery of a gold min- ing company. Alter having started the machinery he was appointed superintendent of the mines and remained with the company about two years and a hall. The ores being \ei\ poor the mining enterprise prosed a failure and he was glad to return to Paterson once more. Alter ssork- ing for some lime as a machinist he started a small ma- chine shop in the I nion Works near the Rogers Locomo- tive Works. Altera less months he received a sirs flat- tering oiler to go to Venezuela as mining and mechanical engineer, the mining compan) agreeing to purchase nearly all the tools of his shop. The offer ss as accepted after some consideration, as he found it sloss work building up a bus- iness \s ithout capital and in a place where he ssas little known. This enterprise proved a success but after being assas about one sear and having contracted the fever SO prevalent in that country he decided to return to 1'ateison again. lie then obtained employment in one of the loco- motive shops, but seeing no chance for advancement, he accepted a good oiler in a New York experimenting shop; he remained there about eighteen months. At this time machinists all over the country were bending their ener- gies to discovering some proper motive power for propel- ling canal boats which would be an improvemenl on the mule, an animal sshich ssas nut giving scry good satisfac- tion at the time. Although the experimental shop did not attain distinction in this direction Mr. Eastwood ac- quired a great deal of practical knowledge of various kinds of machinery which has assisted him materially in building up his business. He then returned to Paterson and this time to stas ; he commenced to work for the Whitney Sewing Machine Company and remained with them about one sear. After having accumulated a small sum of money and acquired some property, he commenced business in Sep- tember. [873, in Van Ilouten street in Mr. Robert Mc- Culloch's building. The building soon proved too small and he removed to the Beaver Mill, and after about eigh- teen months spent there he built and took possession of his ness shop in Ramapo avenue. Mr. Eastwood's splen- did business qualifications, his energy and the care he took that every machine sshich left his shop should be as per- fect as care, good material and good workmen could make it. soon established a reputation for him which he fostered by continuing in the way he had begun, lie soon found himself compelled to look for further room and In- elected a machine shop and foundry. Increasing orders compell- ed him to extend his operations and lor some time his at- tention ssas divided between filling orders and erecting buildings until he ssas in possession ot one ol tin- finest machine shops in the country. His main establishment is situated on Straight street and run-- through to Ramapo avenue, the shop sshich he first occupied in that thorough- fare being Olll) an inconsiderable portion of bis ssliole es- tablishment. The main building is kid lee: front b) a depth of 57 feet: it is four stories and a basement in height and is throughout equipped in accordance ssitli the most approved plans tor labor-saving, light, &c. In one end of the building is a large elevator ssith a driveway ad- joining so that machiner) mis be put together and loaded direct on trucks for shipping. The main building has a wing in the rear sOx|o feet. The foundry is in the shape PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. 191 of an L. its dimensions being 100x40 and 60x40. In ad- dition to these buildings there are cleaning shops, store rooms and a number of smaller structures. In iSSS Mr. Eastwood having acquired more property on Ramapo avenue proceeded to erect a model silk mill in accordance with the English idea of providing mills such as manufacturers would want, all fitted up with ma- chinery, engines and boiler and motive power, thus en- abling capitalists to take possession of a fully completed mill without the annoyance and delay of building and pre- paring themselves. The building has four stories and a basement; it has a frontage of 40 feel and a depth of 125 feet. Mr. Eastwood experienced no difficulty in finding a tenant ami the mill has always been running to its full ca- pacity. Mr. Eastwood's machine shop and the silk mill obtain their power from a Hughes & Phillips' 250 horse power compound engine, each establishment being inde- pendent of the other, the engine and boiler house being stationed between the two; there are two upright boilers of the Manning pattern, each having 150 horse power. Mr. Eastwood manufactures silk machinery of all kinds, winders, doublers, draw side frames. French. English and American quilling and spooling frames, ribbon blocking machines, power and hand warpers, beamers and clean- ers: gros grain and dress goods power and hand looms. He also makes the famous Swiss loom ami his high speed crank loom. He also does a general business in shafting, pulleys and hangers and manufactures all kinds of tools and light machinery to order. Among his specialties may be mentioned Eastwood's improved ribbon blocker, for hand or power, in which the blocks are held in place by three jaws working in slanting grooves and opened by pressing two knobs bv thumb and finger, thus doing away with the old style thumb screw and thereby saving much time and trouble; and Eastwood's new improved power reeling frame with measuring attachment for skeining silk from bobbins, a strong and easily operated machine. Some time ago Mr. Eastwood indulged in a new departure in the silk machinery line ami engaged in alteringand con- structing new patterns, so that he is prepared to furnish ribbon looms of new and improved design, of high and low pattern; he also put in special machinery for the man- ufacture of straight ami circular shuttle battons. His shops are the largest and best equipped in the city for the manufacture of silk machinery. John Royle & Snxs. — The members of this firm are Messrs. Vernon Royle ami John Royle, Jr. Their com- modious buildings which have recently been constructed are located on the corner of Straight street. Kssex street, and Ramapo avenue. Their line of manufacture extends among the liner grades of machinery and includes numer- ous and important specialties of their own, many of which are patented, besides the designing and building of such machines as require intelligence and skill. The merits of their specialties have received flattering recognition abroad as well as in this country, consequently the trade of this firm extends to Canada. Europe and Australia, and makes this establishment an important factor among the industries of Paterson. Among the specialties manufactured by this firm may be mentioned the High Speed Routing Machine. Its purpose is to deepen (technically called routing) with facility those surfaces which require to be depressed on engraver's blocks, wood cuts, etc., lea\ ing the surface from which the impression or prints are to be taken in bold relief. By strict attention in designing Jhe details, a per- fectly smooth and uniform movement of the cutter is se- cured, insomuch that in the hands of a skillful operator one-half of a scratched line can be routed away and the other half left on the plate. The cutter spindle makes 12,000 to 14.000 revolutions per minute, a speed not attainable in a poorly constructed machine, nor does this high speed of cutter cause any tremulous motion to the machine nor impair its usefulness. Although Royle & Sons were not the originators of this machine, they built the first one of its kind, and their ex- perience in building these machines enabled them in after years to add many improvements, bringing it to such a state of perfection that to-day it has attained a pre-eminent rank amoiv.; the machines of it sclass. In connection with these machines, cutters of various forms are required and the linn have a separate department of their works that is exclusively devoted to the manufacture of all kinds of cutters used for routing purposes. The Royle Routing cutters are made with special machinery and appliances of their own design that have been added from time to time to the works of the firm as requirements demanded. Their cutters have become famous for their excellence throughout this country wherever routing machines are used. Another one of their specialties is a new cabinet saw of very neat design ; it is used for cutting and squaring up stereotype plates or photo-process engravings; it will cut blocked as well as unblocked plates. The repeater for Jacquard cards is .mother one of their specialties. This machine is designed for re-producing Jacquard cards rap- idly. It is automatic in all its motions and is abundant!} powerful and strong to do the heaviest cutting required. The absolute certainty with which all the motions on this machine will perform their several functions places it fat" in advance of any other of its kind. The punches in particular are infallible in their action; no springs, cords, nor other uncertain appliances being used to control them. The Royles were the first to undertake the manufacture, in this country, of this class of machines. Still another specially is their piano machine for Jac- quard cards. It is adapted to cut cards from 100s to 900s Jacquard, and lias besides the well known devices of those in common use, others which render it especially convenient and efficient. The Royle Dobby is another specialty of theirs. This little machine is readily attachable to right or left looms, or looms of any width without special alteration or change, and may be quickly placed in position ready for use. Owing to a novel application of duplex toggle levers the 192 PA 7 ERSi W, 1IJ.USTK. I TED. knife and grid when fulls extended, assume practically a slate of rest, or dwell. This feature is undoubtedly ad- vantageous a> a dwell at that stage affords time for the shuttle to pass through the warp with less lift and conse- quently less strain upon the warp threads. A recent im- provement in the construction of tins machine is that oil dripping off the working parts is prevented from getting upon the goods that are being woven. Another specialty deserving of notice is a frame for guide pulleys which is a neat compact arrangement for adjusting the pulleys, making it adaptable for places in which there is no room for a countershaft, and also for guiding a twisted belt, transmitting motion to a pullcv placed at right angles, or anj other angle, to the driver. This firm also manufactures many other kinds of im- proved silk machinerj such as doublers, spinners, twisters, covering machines, broad goods and ribbon warpers, quill- ers, etc. The latter machine is used in winding the shut- tle spools that are employed in weaving silk dress goods. The Royle doubling-quilling machine is the fust suc- cessful machine of its kind made in this country. Here- tofore it has keen cusloinaiv to assemble the silk threads upon a doubling frame, preparatory to winding the quills upon the quilling machine. With the Royle machine, however, the assembling, or "doubling," as it is termed, is done with the winding of the threads upon the quill. 1!\ combining the two operations a large saving is effect- ed, not only in labor but in floor space, power ami in other respects. The machine has mam other desirable features. In winding there is no friction whatever upon the silk. consequentl) "burning" or rubbing off of delicate colors is entirely avoided. Oil cannot be thrown from the working pails upon the silk, the mechanism being so separated below the threads as to completely obviate this evil. The ssibility of working parts has keen studied very thor- oughly and the machine is remarkable for convenience in this respect. In short, all the textile machines built at these works are the finest of their kind and meet most thoroughly the peculiar needs of the American silk indus- t r \ . Their waste and flushing valve lor privy vaults has keen favorably received. The construction of these valves is ven simple and durable, and a great number are in use. Another excellent machine made I ■ x this linn is one for manufacturing all sizes of plain and corrugated seamless rubber tubing, or tubing made of plastic material, such as celluloid, and other kindred compounds; this machine is also adapted for making solid cord and various odd shapes in soft and hard rubber, and for insulating wire used for electrical purposes. The advantage of this machine i-. that it can make tubing \er\ economically and of any length, whereas previous to the introduction of this machine by the Royles it was customary to make tubing by hand and in lengths nol greater than twelve feet. Al- though this establishment had its origin amid very humble surroundings, it is to-day a notable example of the results of industry, enterprise and intelligence. Previous to [S62 Mr. |olm Royle, the founder of the firm, was engaged in the manufacture of iotar\ force pumps. In this year lie rented a small room on Water street where he commenced and carried on a general machinist business, which ex- panded and in 1N72 demanded larger quarters. Shortly alter this, his son |ohn was taken into partnership, and the name of the linn was thereafter |ohn Royle A Son. In [879, his son Vernon was admitted into partner- ship, and the firm name was changed to |ohn Royle >V Sons. The prosperity of the linn again demanded larger quarters, which were found on Railroad avenue. Here the business began to assume considerable proportions and in [888 led to the erection of the buildings now occu- pied and owned by the firm. The lot on which these buildings now stand is 200x100 feet, of which 100x50 feet is occupied by the main building. This structure has three Stories, each [3 feet in the clear, and a basement ol i) feet. All the rooms are well lighted and ventilated, and ex- cellent provision has keen made tor heating by exhaust or by live steam, it is so arranged that either side of one story or the whole of it can be heated independently of the oth- ers. The following novel way of ventilating the base- ment has keen adopted and works well: The boiler house adjoins the main building with a large archway left between the two; and on account of the 75 hoist- power Hazelton boiler, the boiler house is comparatively high. Its roof is provided with large ventilating sashes, and when these ate open there results an upward current of air. which thoroughly ventilates the basement. The main building is replete with the most modern im- proved machinery and facilities for handling material, en- abling the firm to produce machines of excellent work- manship and meet keen competition. The machinery is driven 1>\ a . dred and fift) by sixty feet on 1 1 rand street : connected with James W vtson was born in Chorley, Lancashire. Eng- this. on the south, on Railroad avenue, another, three land, and came to this country when six years of age. lie stories high, fifty by seventy-five feet; next, south of the remained in Belleville for two years and came to Paterson last, a foundry, one hundred and fifty by eighty-five feet; with his parents, and when nine years old began to work on Dale avenue a blacksmith shop fift) by one hundred in the duck mill, tending willow for John Colt for a cou- feet, and a pattern house thirty l>v sixty, three stories, pie of years, and then in the woolen mill, and again in the \ 1 1 thi id lire in [875 the firm confined themselves cotton mill for Joseph Nightengale. lie began to learn to the general work of a machine shop, having abandoned the trade of machinist at Brundred's shop on the corner bridge and structural ironwork. The business at first was of Market and Hotel streets, under his brother William <;.. carried on under the name of W. G. cc L Watson: in who was foreman. After this shop burned down he lin- [S65 the) were incorporated as the Watson Manufactur- ished his apprenticeship at the Union Works. Alter he ing Company ; this was changed in rSSs; to the Watson was out of his time he assisted his brother \n all his under- Machine Company, and the establishment at the present takings and they worked together all their lives. James day is run by this company, which is composed of W. G. Watson attended to the outside work and traveled all Watson, president; Tames Watson, vice president: and over the Union securing orders and seeing to their execu Samuel L Watson, secretary and treasurer. Hon. lie and his nephew, Samuel J. Watson, now con- Wii.i.iwi (J. Watson was horn March 4th. i8iQ,.in duct the business of the Watson Machine Company. Chorley, Lancashire, England. lie came to this country Swu 1:1. Smiiii & Son. — Mr. Samuel Smith was horn when about ten years of age with his mother and met his in Ireland in [815 and came to this country when he was father in Belleville, N. J., his father leaving there two about twelve years of age. He was employed for some years before. He worked there with his lather in the time in Digby, Nova Scotia, in the family of Rev. Botts- print works and intended to become a printer, but injured ford Viets, after which he came to Paterson with his his hand in the rolls. After staying in Belleville two family. Here he learned the trade of moulder in the years his father moved to Paterson and worked at Brun- Rogers locomotive works and in 1843 associated himself dred's machine shop at Oldham, now known as ILdedon. with Judge Whitely and Thomas Beggs and established a His son worked for three years in Colt's cotton mill and machine shop in the Franklin mill. In [845 he was asso- then began to serve his time as a machinist at Brundred's ciated with James Jackson. Patrick Magennis and W'il- shop. He served an apprenticeship of five years and was liam Swinburne, who constituted the firm of Swinburne, foreman of a department six months before lie was out .if Smith & Co.. and who erected a machine shop on prop- his time. During this time he went to the private night erty on the racewa) between John — now Ellison — and scl 1 of Mr. White in Smith street, and later walked up Boudinot— now Van Houten — streets. At the opening of to Preakness from Oldham every night to learn draught- the Eastern Division of the Erie railroad in 1N4S the linn ing. After he was out of his time he was employed in gave up the machine business and started making locomo- the large machine works on Market and I Iotel streets, and rives, making the first engine for the Erie railroad in May, was a foreman there till the works were burned down in 1848. The firm employed about a hundred ami lift) men 1848. After this fire he became foreman for Hugh Beggs and the first year turned out five or six engines. In [849 at the Union Works, and leaving there he succeeded Thorn- the plant was removed to the building which is now tin- as Beggs, the father of James Beggs, as foreman of Smith. main building ol the < iianl locomotive works. I I ere they Jackson & McGuinness' shop. He moved to Newburgh employed about three hundred men and carried on the for a couple of years and worked on very delicate machin- business with great energ) and industry for two years ery for making pins. Prom Newburgh he moved to New despite serious embarrassment due to their liberalit) in York and took charge of General Harvev's screw factory endorsing paper for other manufacturers. In [852 the for a couple of years, and when there made arrangements business was incorporated under the name ol tin- New to superintend the building of Israel Killgsman's burr lersev Locomotive and Machine Works and about si\ machinerv in Paterson. He remained there for five years months afterwards Mr. Swinburne withdrew. The busi- conducting this business, assisted b) his brother, fames. ness was Successful!) carried on until some time alter the PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. '9: breaking out of the war of the rebellion, when O. D. Giant, "f New York, acquired a controlling interest in the works and speedily reorganized the business under the name of the Grant Locomotive Works. Mr. Smith retired from business for a few years but restless under the burden of idleness he again engaged in manufacturing, having or- ganized with the late Philip Rafferty the Rafferty & Smith Boiler Works. This business was carried on until 1872, when it was absorbed in the Todd cc Rafferty Manufac- turing Company, in which Mr. Smith was a minority stockholder. lie was appointed an administrator of the estate of Mr. Rafferty and in the interest of the estate was elected President of' the Todd & Rafferty Company. He might then have profitably disposed of his own interests in the works but he remained faithful to his trust as adminis- trator of the estate of his deceased business associate; his interest was extinguished in the final settlement of the affairs of the company. In the mean time, in 1S67, Mr. Smith had become interested in the Empire Manufactur- ing Company, having become associated in that enterprise with Jacob S. Rogers, D. B. Grant and Abram Collier; they built the Empire mill and conducted it with Aaron Polhemus, a practical cotton spinner, until 1 S 7 2 , when it was closed, having become unprofitable. In 1.S7N with his old time energy he again undertook the making of boilers, procuring for that purpose the commodious shop on Railroad avenue, near Greene street, formerly operated by Rafferty & Smith. In 1SS2 he took his son. Charles R. Smith, into partnership with him and the firm of Sam- uel Smith iV. Son was established. Since the death of Mr. Smith, which took place on March 2S. iSSS. the business has been conducted by his son under the old firm name. The boilers made by this firm have a reputation for ex- cellence in material and workmanship second to none, as is attested by their being placed for power and heating in a number of large structures in this country, including The Xew York World building, the Washington, Boreel, Mutual Life, Aldrich Court. Columbia. Manhattan Eleva- ted railroad company's buildings, the Wagner Palace Car Company's building in Buffalo, the large mills of the Bar- bour Flax Spinning Company ami the William Strange silk mills in Paterson and in most of the factories in the cities of Paterson and Passaic. Mr. Smith was married in 1S37 t " Alicia Morrow, a daughter of Arthur Morrow, of Paterson, a member of the Morrow family, who for a number of years operated the woolen mills at Hawthorne, then and still known as Morrow's Mills. At his death he left his widow and six children. Margaret I"... |ane I"., Alicia M.. Samuel, Wil- liam M. anil Charles R., surviving him. Mr. Smith always took a great interest in everything pertaining to the advancement of the city of Paterson and his counsel and assistance could always be relied upon. He was a member of the second board that had charge of the municipal government of the city, having been elected a committeeman in 1853. I" '^5 () he was elected Mayor of the cit\ and subsequently in 1S6S-70 represented the Fourth Ward in the Board of Aldermen. J. C. Todd's Machine Works. — Joseph C. Todd, who had learned the trade of carpenter at Somerville, X. J., came to Paterson in 1836, and being employed in the machine shop of Godwin. Clark & Co., learned to make patterns there for machinery. Several years after, while employed in the Oldham works, he built the first success- ful hemp spinning machine. This turned his thoughts in a new direction and in 1S47 he formed a partnership with Daniel Mackey, another skillful Paterson mechanic, and they set up for themselves in the building of hemp and flax and other machinery of all kinds. They had very little capital and hired a part of the first floor of the old frame Nightingale mill on Van Houten street, taking pos- session July 3. 1847. They had only two lathes, one of which they had borrowed. Thev there built the first silk machinery made in Paterson. From this humble beginning they gradually built up a business that in two years' time demanded ampler accommodations and then they took the basement of the shop owned by the Bradleys, where the Machinists' Association works now are on Prospect street and Broadway. In 1850 Philip Rafferty, a successful busi- ness man, and a very shrewd financier, was taken into the firm, which then became Todd. Mackey & Co. In Novem- ber, 1N50. the) bought the present location of the works on Van Houten street, next west of the old Niehtineale mill, where the business had been commenced. It is a striking evidence of the success of the concern that their works are far more extensive than the whole of the Nightin- gale mill, of which they originalb occupied but a very small part. In their new quarters the firm engaged far more ex- tensively than before in the manufacture of hemp and flax machinery in all its branches, including rope machinery, jute and bagging machinery. The firm also engaged on a large scale in the building of steam engines of every class and in a short time had acquired an enviable repu- tation in that department of manufacture. Their original business continued to prosper until they became the only manufacturers in America of hemp and flax machinery. Mr. Todd gave this his closest personal attention, making sever- al valuable inventions in this class of machinery, on which patents were taken out from time to time. In 1S55 Mr. Mackey retired and the firm became Todd & Rafferty. In the spring of 1 S72 the concern was turned into a stock corporation, the Todd & Rafferty Machine Company, Mr. Todd being president and Mr. Rafferty treasurer. The boiler shop of Rafferty, Smith & Co.. on Railroad avenue, was merged into the compan) also. Mr. Raffertj attended to the Xew York business generally, where the firm had a large store for the sale of machinery and an agency for their works. Mr. Rafferty dying in July, iNjj. the affairs of the company were thrown into chan- cery and for a month or two the shops were closed, when Mr. Todd resumed the control of the works, which he has since retained. When the panic of 1873 came on and nearly every machine shop in Paterson was closed, he 196 PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. went about and by indefatigable industry got orders for all used foi engine-buildiqg and turning, and the second and sorts of engines and machinery whereby he was enabled third for fitting, carpenter work, &c. ; a frame machine i.i give employment to a goodly number of men. Any- simp. 130x30x^0 feet, part oi it one story and part oi it thing and e\ erything that came a Ion- and promised work two and a half stories high ; a brick foundry, .i5 xl JO (t ' rl ; was confidently taken in hand. Foi instance, there was a besides a pattern shop, a mill wright shop, carpenter shop, large order for the Baxter marine engine, at a time when &c. Mr. Todd's store in New York is at No. 36 Dey that engine was expected to revolutionize the svstem of street. navigation on the Erie canal. Since then large numbers b>si pn C. Todd was born in Bridgewater Township, of these engines have been turned out lor use on steam Somerset County", X. J., March _\ 1 N 1 — . Ilis father, launches, yachts, tugs ami freighting vessels of even size. John 1. Todd, engaged in agricultural pursuits during his The} are from two 1,1 fort) horse-power and sell at from life in that locality, was :t man of character and standing, $420 io $2,350. Mr. [odd has also become the owner of and one of the lav judges of the count) for several years. the patent Baxter portable engine, of which he has manu- His mother, whose maiden name was Ann Castner, was factured mam hundreds. These little engines are from horn near Somerville, X. ]. Seven children were horn one to foui horse-power and sell for $150 to $,150. They of the marriage, \i/.: — Stephen: Catherine, who married are much used in printing offices, in running sewing Lewis Harrison, of Somerville: Joseph C, James, John machines and wherever a small power onl} is needed. A., Augustus, and Rachel Ann. wife of John Van Nos- One of them will run a press for ten hours and with the trand, of Romulus, X. Y. Stephen resides at Dunellen, consumption of half a bushel of coal. It is no wonder X. T-- where he is a large property owner; lames has they are popular. One ol them occupies onlj about as been successfully engaged in the dry goods business in much room as a large base-burning stove. Mr. Todd still New York city lor many years; John A. is a minister of builds steam engines of all kinds and sizes, not confining the Dutch Reformed denomination ami pastor of the himself by any means to these small portable engines, church at Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Augustus is also a minister lie also makes flax, hemp. jute, rope, oakum ami silk of that denomination and pastor of the church at Schoha- machinery, which finds its way to all parts of the world, rie, X. Y. He built the first silk machinery used b) James Walthall. The early years of Joseph C.Todd's life wen- passed by John C. Benson, by llamil .V Booth, and others, in his native county where he received a good common While some of the imported foremen in flax and hemp school education. At the age of sixteen he left home in mills in America declare that there is no machinery equal order to learn the trade of carpenter with his uncle. James to that made in the "old country" and consequently dis- Castner of Somerville, where he remained three years, courage the use of American machinery, on the other He then went to New York city, where he worked at his hand there are at least a dozen of the leading flax, jute trade as journeyman for a few months, and when nineteen and hemp mills in England and Scotland which are years of age came to Paterson, where he worked in the equipped with machinery built at the Todd works in Pat- employ of David Reed for a short time, laboring, among erson. This is a significant commentary on the unreason- other things, on the Cross street M. E. Church. Soon af- ing prejudice I ften evinced by the imported foremen ter he secured employment in the machine shop of God- and superintendents who are disposed to see nothing good win. Clark & Co., where he remained about a year and that does not come from abroad. In Russia the native meantime learned how- to make patterns for machinery. hemp is separated and spun by machinery invented and lie next entered the machine shop of Rogers, Ketchum & built by Mr. Todd, and his machines have found their Grosvenor and was there employed when the first locomo- way even to China and Australia, while for forty years tive engine, the ••Sandusky." was built in 1836-37. lie the products oi this concern have- been familiar in Mexico. at first made the wooden frames to put around locomotives South America and Canada, as well as throughout the but when William Swinburne was promoted to the Super- 1 mi. .I Mate-, wherever flax and hemp machinery is used, intendency, succeeded him as pattern maker and worked Rope machinery of all kinds is made, including machinery in that department in connection with Watts Cooke and for making topes out of sisal, a species of hemp from John Cooke. He remained in that position for four or Mexico. Mr. Todd has filled orders to the amount of five years at a dollar a day compensation and then estab- hundreds of thousands of dollars for machinery to make lished a sash and blind manufactory, which lies 1 gave twine to be used on patent harvesters in tying up the up. He next occupied the position of head patternmaker grain with twine instead of wire. A spinning jenny with in the Oldham machine shops for a few years and while a line liver twists the twine and runs it off on the bobbins. there devised the first successful hemp spinning machine from which it is wound offinto balls eight inches in iliam- that was ever built, making several improvements in the .and these are attached to the harvesters by machinery original plan ol' construction. He has since- made a spec- which (haw s .ml the Ivv ine ami hinds the grain and ties a ialtv of manufacturing hemp and flax machinery and has la- knot as neatly as the most experienced hand could do. ken out several different patents on them in this country and The works comprise a brick building, three si,,,j r s high, in Europe, the latest on May [5,1880. [n 1844, in company 110x45 feet, with extension 1.0x75 feet, the first story being with Daniel Mackey, he engaged in the manufacture of PA TERSON, ILL USTRA TED. 197 hemp and flax machinery in the James Nightingale mill. on the lower raceway, and met with so much success that two years later they were compelled to seek more commo- dious rooms in the Bradley mill, which stood on the pres- ent site of the Machinists" Association building. Three years later, needing both more capital and more room to meet the demands of their rapidly increasing business, Philip Rafferty was admitted to the concern, and in 1850 the firm ot Todd. Mackey & Co. was organized. The new firm at once purchased of the estate of Daniel S. llolsman the property on the lower raceway that has since been occupied by the extensive machine shops of the con- cern, and commenced the manufacture of machinery on a large scale. In 1N55 Mr. Mackey withdrew and the enter- prise was carried on under the name of Todd & Rafferty, until April, 1872, when it became the Todd & Rafferty Machine Company, with Mr. Todd as president and Mr. Rafferty as treasurer. The latter died on July 30, 1S72, and the business has since been conducted by Mr. Todd alone. Upon securing the present location in 1S50. the concern began the manufacture of steam engines and grad- ually ran into the making of flax, hemp, silk, jute and bag- ging machinery of different kinds. The products of the works have been sold all over the world, and the machin- ery for not less than a dozen factories in England and Scotland has been designed, built and put up by the con- cern. Mr. Todd has been the mechanic of the enterprise throughout the entire term of its existence, and his skill and ability in that direction have contributed very largely to its success. He has visited Europe three times on l>us- iness for the firm in iS^o,, 1S60, 1S62 and 1S63. Besides being engaged in the making of machinery he has also been actively connected with other manufacturing enter- prises in which he has achieved great success. For eight- een years he has been engaged in the manufacture of jute baergingf for coveriiiLT cotton, on the corner of Taylor and Jackson streets. New mills were erected in 1873 and the capacity of the works is six thousand yards of bagging a day. about ninet) men being employed. Mr. Todd is also chief owner of a silver mine in Colorado and the sole- owner of the Davenport Consolidated Mining and Smelt- ing Company of Mineral City in that state. lie has never been a public man or engaged in political matters, although be was city treasurer of Paterson for three or four years, at the same time filling the position of Alderman from the Sixth Ward. He has been a large stockholder in the Mechanics and Traders' (now First Na- tional) Bank of Jersey City from the time of its organiza- tion. He was married in 1836 to Miss Emeline Bogar- dus, of Paterson, and has two daughters, Harriet and An- na Todd. The Riverside Bridge and Ikon Works. — The Riverside Bridge and Iron Works were established about 10 years ago. by Mr. Charles O. Brown, and he has been at the head of that establishment ever since. lie was born and educated in Germany, and commenced his career as Civil Engineer in 1872, on the Fourth avenue improve- ment in New York city. In 1873, he was admitted to mem- bership in the American Society of Civil Engineers, and has been identified with the designing and manufacturing of structural iron since that time. The immediate cause of the establishing of the works was bis three years' trip to South America, whence he re- turned with numerous orders. The works which were es- tablished on a small scale, covering only eight city lots. to till these orders, were extended, ami they include at present the block bounded by Lyon, East 5th, Putnam and Wait streets, thus covering 2ij city lots, the property of the present company. They adjoin the Erie Railroad and a switch runs into the works. The latter circumstance enables them to manufacture very large girders and other heavy pieces ot iron work which are placed directly upon the cars of the Erie Railroad. This establishment on account of long experience and practical engineering knowledge has beeli constantly im- proving, particularly the construction of fire-proof build- ings in New York city, and has thus been instrumental in changing the style of construction during the last ten years. While before that time a girder thirty feet long was consid- ered a heavy piece of iron to put into a building, the put- ting in of girders one hundred feet long, made, shipped and erected in one piece, is at present not extraordinary at all. In iSSS the proprietor deemed it advisable to transform the business into a company, of which he himself is now president, with Mr. (i. 1'lanten. treasurer, and Mr. W. < i. A. Millar secretary. A branch office is established at iS Broad- way. New York city. A large number of iron structures have been elected in that city and Brooklyn by the company. At this moment for instance, they furnish the iron work for the large store- age and warehouse in course of erection on the corner of 43d street and Lexington avenue, X. Y., and for the so- called Wechsler building, in Brooklyn, at Fulton and Duf- field streets, besides numerous other works in the above cities. But. as has been said before, the company's field of labor is not restricted to the United States, and in South America the name of the Riverside Bridge anil Iron Works is cred- itably connected with the erection of many bridges, tele- graph towers, piers, etc. The average number of hands in the shop and outside is two hundred, turning out 20.000,000 pounds of manu- factured iron per year. The company manufactures not only railway and high- way bridges, but also structural and ornamental iron work of all descriptions for buildings, iron awnings, balconies, beams, capitals, columns, cornices, domes, doors, fire escapes, fronts, girders, lintels, patent lights, roofs, railings, rolling and folding shutters, side-walk, elevators, sills, sky-lights, stairs, stoops, window guards, etc. Space docs not allow to give a complete list of all the im- portant buildings and bridges made by this company, but among them are the following: Bridges — The new iron bridges tor the Rochester I)i- TERSON, ILLUSTRATED. vision and [efterson branch of the N. 1 .. I.. E. & \\ . K. R. : Hackensack draw. Erie K. R. ; PassaicFalls; Clax Sunt Bridge, Newark, N. J.; Float bridges, piers 7 and s. Long Dock, Jerse} Citx ; Float bridge, Lehigh Val- ley; float bridge foi the Standard Oil Company, besides a number of Highway bridgesinNev* Jersey and elsewhere. Buildings, etc. — Liverpool, London and Globe Build- ing, Newark. N. ).; Zinsser buildings in Washington and Beach street, and William street, New York : Arion build- ing, Vw York; Erie R. R. Ferry .shed. Jersey City; Building of Smith, Gray & Co., Brooklyn; Manhattan Storage and Warehouse, (.2d street and Lexington avenue ; Grand stand and club house, and saddling paddocks, Mor- ris Park, etc., etc. Freight sheds for Pacific Mail Steam- ship Company, at Aspinwall; Passenger stations Panama R. R. at Colon and Panama, etc., etc. I'm Pioneer Sn k Company. — Mr. John Kyle bore the same relations to the '•ilk industry of this country that Mr. Thomas Rogers bore to the locomotive industry; it would be impossible to give even a meagre account of the silk industry w ithout dwelling to a greater or less extent on the work of |ohn Rvle. without referring to his indefati- gable exertions or admiring the zeal and energy with which he laid the foundations of an industry which has brought tame and fortune to Paterson. The indirect heri- tage of Paterson from Mr. Ryle consists of thousands of ns and scores of mills; the direct heritage consists of the Pioneer Silk Company andthe Passaic Water Company; his connection with the latter is ably told on Other pages by one of his co-laborers; the subject of this sketch is his connection with the silk industry. When Mr. Ryle first came to this country he went to Northampton, Mass., where he worked on a ribbon loom in the employ of Samuel Whitmarsh, who had begun the manufacture of silk on a very small scale. After spend- a few months he went to New York where he estab- lished the silk importing business in a small way on the comer of Maiden Lane ami William street. His brothers in England furnished him with his stock in trade, coiisjst- ing of silk handkerchiefs. lie continued in this business but a few months when he became acquainted w ith ( i< W . Murray, with whom he was afterwards associated for years. Mr. Murray contemplated establishing the silk business in Paterson and at his solicitation Mr. Ryle visited that city t'or the purpose of examining the old •■dun Mill" of Samuel Colt with a view to its appropriation t'or the uses of silk manufacture. I p to this time no silk had been manu- factured in Paterson. although Christopher Colt had made attempt without satisfactory results. This was the foundation of the silk industry of Paterson. and. in fact, in the United States, for until Mr. Ryle bent his energies in that direction none but abortive attempts had been made to manufacture silk in this country. Mr. Murray purchased the mill at Mr. Kyle's advice and at once started the man- facture of silk, placing Mr. Ryle in full charge of the mill. M r. Ryle w as the first in this country to put silk on a spi 10I, the successful experiment being du^- to a conference be- tween him and Elias Howe, the inventor of the Howe sew- ing machine. This enabled Mr. Howe to overcome one of the chief difficulties he had in perfecting his sewing ma- chine, a wax to feed the silk thread to the needle. Mr. Ryle's machine twist was the first produced of its kind that could be successfully used on a sewing machine. This was the beginning of the spool silk business which has since attained such large proportions in this country. Three years after the purchase of the nulls. Mr. K\lc was taken into partnership and the firm of Murray & R\ le did a flour- ishing business in the manufacture of sew ing silk and tw ist until the \ ear [S46, w hen Mr. Ryle purchased Mr. Murray 's interest and continued the business alone. Mr. Ryle was ceaselessly experimenting for the improvement andde\ elop- ment of the industry and was untiring in his efforts to get it properly recognized by Congress. As early as [S42 lu- be- an waiting on the sessions of that body to urge the mem- bers t < » sustain the infant manufacture by adequate protec- tion but it was twenty years before his views prevailed in Washington. He now began experimenting with power looms but his efforts did not succeed. The World's Fair coming to New York in tS;j. he set about weaving an American flag of silk, and produced a magnificent banner about twenty b\ forty feet, which floated lor many months oxer the Crystal Palace in New York, a never-failing ob- ject of admiration by patriotic Americans. It was the first time the national ensign had ever been produced from American silk looms. ( )f course Mr. Ryle received a medal and unbounded praise from the managers and from the public in general but it put little money in his pocket. In 1S55, he began the erection of a new mill which he called after his old patron, the Murray mill. It was on Mill street, opposite Ward, was seventy-three by two hundred feet in area and two stories high. The mill was built t'or the purpose of making sewing silk b\ hand. Before the mill was finished there was held in it a -real Republican meeting, the first in Paterson. which, was addressed by Henry Wilson, afterwards Nice President of the United States. In [S56 Mr. Ryle was running both the Gun mill and the Murray mill: he occupied the two lower floors of the former besides a small shop b\ the river. He was then employing between five and six hun- dred hands and used twenty-five or thirty bales of raw silk weekly, a production that was not exceeded by any mill in Paterson for ten or fifteen years afterwards. About [860 he began weaving once more on the second floor of the Murray mill and a year or two later removed from the Gun mill and concentrated all his business in the Murray mill. At this time the breaking out of the war had greath injured the manufacture of silk and the production was now almost entirely used in the manufacture of fringes. The enactment of the pi' >tecti\ e tariff of 1862 6 | and the high rate of exchange -axe the American silk in- dustry an impetus which it had long needed ami Mr. Ryle experienced the benefits in common with others. In [S6S he added a third story to his mill and enlarged his produc- tion, making trams and organzines, spun silks and em- PATERS ON, ILLUSTRATED. 199 broidery silks. No weaving was carried on in the enlarg- ed mill. Between four and five hundred hands were em- ployed. While thus embarked on the full tide of pros- perity a fire broke out in the mill on the afternoon of May 10th, 1869, and within an hour the entire splendid struc- ture lay a smoking mass of ruins and $400,000 worth of property had been swept out of existence. There was not a dollar of insurance, so that Mr. Kyle's loss was total. It was enough to have crushed an ordinary man, but Mr. K\ le was not of that kind and without any delay he set about the erection of a new Murray mill. This was on a new plan, which has since been followed by a great many silk manufacturers. It was of brick, but only one-story high, lighted onlyfrom the roof by sky-lights with a north- ern exposure, the different rooms separated by solid brick partitions and many of the floors laid with bluestone flag- ging. The building covers an acre and a half of ground and is virtually fireproof, besides being fir more conven- ient and much safer than if several stories high. Mr. Ryle organized the Ryle Silk Manufacturing Company but this was subsequently changed to the Pioneer Silk Company. The company manufactures all kinds of silk, does all its own throwing and dyeing and is one of the very few establishments where all the processes of silk manufacture are carried on under the same roof. After the death of Mr. Ryle a number of others were admitted as stockholders. The president and treasurer is William Ryle; the vice president. Peter Ryle; the superintendent of the Paterson mill is Thomas M. Ryle, and the superin- tendent of the Allentown ( Pa. ) mill, an annex of the Pat- erson mill, is Reuben Ryle. Messrs. G. A. Hobart. J. W. Griggs, E. T. Bell, F. W. Wettlaufer and Fleitmann & Co. are stockholders. John Ryle, Jr., who had been a stockholder, died on August }o, 1886. John Ryle was born in the village of Bollington, near Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, on October 22, 1S17. His father was a machinist by trade. Out of a family of seventeen children only five grew to years of maturity, namely. Reuben. William, John. Sarah and Peter. Reu- ben and \\ illiam became prominent silk manufacturers of Macclesfield. England. Reuben was the father of John C. Ryle, at present extensively engaged in the silk manufacture in Paterson. and William of the late William Ryle. of this city. Peter also engaged in the manufacture of silk in Paterson and died there. In 1S20 John Ryle's parents moved from Bollington to Mac- clesfield, where his father died in 1824 and his mother a few years afterwards. Thus early in youth was Mr. Ryle launched alone upon the sea of life. He never enjoyed any school advantages and imbibed all his education at the Sabbath school. Remarkable though it may seem he was placed in a silk mill at the tender age of five years and thus was veritably cradled in the midst of an industry that largely through his fostering care and intelligent labor has become one of the most important in the United States. Mr. Ryle worked in various silk mills in Macclesfield un- til 1S39. At that time, although superintending in a satis- factory and successful manner the large business of his brothers, R. & W. Ryle, he determined to embark for the New \\ orld to seek his fortunes among strangers in a strange land. His brothers were unable to dissuade him from what appeared in a youth of his years and experience a suicidal and disastrous course, anil on March 1. 1830. he sailed from Liverpool. His struggles and reverses in this country, happily crowned with success in his later years, have already been told. Mr. Ryle died at his home in Macclesfield on November <>. 1887; he had been spending -"ine time abroad in company with his daughter, in search for health and recreation. His remains were returned to this country and after funeral obsequies in the Second Pres- byterian church, which were attended by a large concourse of the residents of Paterson and a goodly number of per- sons from other cities, were interred in Cedar Lawn Cem- etery, where a noble shaft marks the last resting place of the man who did so much to bring about the present pros- perity of the city of his adoption. Dexter, Lambert & Co. — The firm of Dexter. Lam- bert & Co. was organized nearly forty years ago at Boston, Mass . by Anson Dexter, who previously had been asso- ciated with the late Mr. B Tilt, in the firm which had for some time been known as Tilt & Dexter. When Mr. Tilt retired Mr. Catholina Lambert and Mr. Charles Bar- ton entered the firm, which has since been known as Dex- ter, Lambert & Co. ; in 1S61 Anson Dexter retired and his son, George R. Dexter, and William Nelson Lambert, brothel" of Catholina Lambert, were admitted. W. X. Lambert visited South America never to return. (King there in 1S69 George R Dexter retired in 1S75 and died three years afterwards ; Henry B. Wilson entered the firm in 187S ; Charles Barton, since deceased, retired in 1SS0, after nearly thirty years association with Mr. Catholina Lambert. W. F. Suvdam, Charles N. Sterrett and Wal- ter S. Lambert entered the firm in iSS^ and these gentle- men with Mr. Catholina Lambert and Mr. II. B. Wilson now constitute the firm. The firm first occupied as a factory a two-story frame building 100x40 feet, located on Coventry street, so named by Mr. Tilt; the street has retained the name ever since. The machinery first used by them consisted of looms for weaving fringes and gimps, gimp machines, spinning wheels, braiding machines and a small plant of throwing machinery, capable of producing twenty-five pounds of sewings per day. Thev were at that time engaged in manufacturing upholstery, military, parasol, millinery, hatters', furriers', cloak and dress trimmings and were in fact what was called in those days a trimming house They, or rather their predecessor, attempted ribbon weav- ing in 1S49, but it was not a success financially, for the greater part of the ribbons made, not being sold, were purchased by Dexter, Lambert & Co. at the time of their organization. This, it is said, was probably the first attempt at ribbon weaving in the country : if so, to this house belongs the credit of being the pione'eis in this branch of the silk industry. In 1S56. having taken from a zoo /'. / TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. New York importi e whal was then considered a ladies' dress trimmings was for main years a leading large order for ribbons, the firm again started ribbon weav- branch of the business, bul of late it has In en neglected ing. This venture, like the previous one, proved unprofit- and attention given to ribbon weaving, which lias grown able, but from this time forward they continued the maim- to be one of the most important departments of the busi- facture of ribbons until success rewarded their efforts and riess. Bul to Mr. Lambert's foresighl and sagacity is due in the prosecution of this 1. ranch of their business they one of the most important additions to the business of the have from time to time made important additions in the house. In [874 that gentleman while in England pur- waj of new and improved machinery and appliances. Up chased a plant of power looms which were shipped to 1 'al- io 1856 no other concern, excepting Andrae & Roth, of erson and set up in the mill in the space which had been New York, is known to have made an) attempts in this heretofore used as the trimming department. With these direction. The increasing business of Dexter, Lambert & ' - the firm commenced the weaving of broad fabrics Co. obliged them to provide added facilities for manufac- allcl from time to time they have made additions to the tm in-, to meet which the) iii [856 commenced the erec- plant until the broad silk weaving equals an) department lion of a three-stor) brick mill 160x50 feet in Lennox of their business and since 1874 the weaving of "cut up" street, Boston. In [858 the firm had met with with suf- fancies and dress brocades has been their great specialty, ficient encouragement to justify them in sending Mr. Bar- In 1877 the business was enlarged by the purchase of A. ton to England to purchase additional looms for ribbon Poleliac & Son's plant of ribbon 1 is and throwing ma- weaving and other machinery and this plant was placed in chinery. These were kept at work in the Dale mill, their the new mill, just erected. original location, until July. 1S79. The spring of 1879 Attracted by Paterson and its surroundings Mr. Lambert witnessed another addition through the purchase of the decided to make it his place ot residence and in 1861 with Sterrett, Ryle cv Murphy plant of ribbon looms. Decem- this view he purchased his present country residence at '**, 1S7S, found Mr. Lambert engaged in making prepa- South Paterson, then known as the James Close homestead, rations for the erection of the third, and up to that date, ,, moving thereto in that year. A desire to have the man- the largest mill, having purchased from the Society lor Es- ufactory nearer to New York and under his personal sup- tablishing Useful Manufactures a block of land containing ervision, the low price of real estate and the advice of Mr. about two acres on the west side of Straight street, bound- Roberl llamil and other friends were the considerations ed by the Erie railway, Clay, Straight and Taylor streets. which induced Mr. Lambert in 1S66 to purchase a mill He proceeded to erect thereon a handsome structure. It is site on the easl side of Straight street and thereon erect the 100x75 feet, two stories, with pressed I. rick front The Dexter mill, a three story brick building, 220x50 feet, with ma '» '-■"trance to the works, the private office, the count- detached buildings for engine and dye houses. The re- ing room and the general offices are in the southern por- moval of the linn's machinery to Paterson was followed by tion. Tllis mi " was completed and occupied about July 1 . the gradual withdrawal of their stock and closing up of lS 7'»- and the removal and placing therein of the outlying outside Stores and the concentration of their merchandiz- plants of machinery enabled the firm to concentrate their ing in New York. To describe the various cotton, worst- hitherto scattered business under one management. The ed and silken fabrics manufactured by this firm during the building, constructed alter a design of ami under the per- vears they have been in business would be impossible. i>onal Supervision of Mr. Lambert, has become generally The vagaries of fashion or the demand of the times have known as the Lambert Mill, notwithstanding Mr. Lam- dictated and controlled their production. Lor instance, bert's objection to naming buildings, &c, after those who during the early days of the war of the rebellion, the) were are still in the land of the living. largel) engaged in the manufacture of military trimmings; The lack of sufficitnit machinery to throw enough silk in fact, there is no article thai could be fashioned from for the requirements oi the firm's business obliged Mr. cotton, worsted or silk but has at some time or another Lambert to take measures to supply the deficiency. After been made by them. They have manufactured cords, a careful consideration of the subject he decided on a new gimps, braids and tassels lor every conceivable purpose; departure which was to secure a site and ereel a mill in all kinds of fancy headgear, hair nets, chignons, false some locality where he' could obtain ample water power curls; an endless assortment of neckwear: articles lor and secure absence of competition for operatives: a place manufacturing telegraph supplies, for the manufacture of where the advantages of a large industi) and the mone) artificial flowers, for theatrical costumers' and for printers' which it circulated would be appreciated. Hawley, Pa., use: coach lace and other trimmings for carriage maun- was select .1 as possessing the advantages SOUghl for, and facturers : picture and blind cords, gimps, tassels and other here Mr. Lambe.t purchased a tract of land lying along the articles used for furniture and house decorations by up- Wallenpaupack river, a stream which divides Wayne and holsterers; trimmings for undertakers, tailors, hatters, fur- Pike counties, and which at this point is a series of falls lieiS, milliners and for dress and cloak makers. They and cascades, marvellously beautiful and w ell worth a long have manufactured chenille, velvet, beaded, braided, em- journey to see. On the Wayne county side of the river. bossed, watered and every current variety of trimming in upon the rocks at the head ol the falls, Mr. Lambert, early rue during the three lasl decades. The manufacture of in 1880, proceeded to erect his fourth and largest silk mill. PA PERSON, I L LUSTRA JED. 201 The mill is in shape an elongated parallelogram, broken by a square projection in the front centre; its dimensions are 3S0X44 feet, the centre projection being SoxSo feet. The firm subsequently, in 1887, also erected another mill of considerable proportions in Honesdale, Pa. Hopper & Scott. — Among the silk manufacturers of Paterson none have established a better character lor energy and business faculty than the firm of Hopper & Scott. The firm started into business in 1S70. occupying one floor of the old Hope mill, and operating 1 ,200 spindles. They devoted themselves exclusively to the throwing of tram and organzine and in a very short time had so great a demand for their work that they could not possibly keep up with it with their limited facilities. They purchased the entire Hope mill property in iS86,and in [887 erected another sub- stantial mill on it. covering the available ground in front as well as the raceway of the Society for Establishing Use- ful Manufactures. The firm to-day operates 11,000 spind- les, giving employment to c8o hands, and having an an- nual capacity of 100,000 pounds of organzine and tram. The success of the firm is due to the systematic arrange- ment which prevails in every part of the mill and to the energy and knowledge of the business on the part of the firm. The original firm was composed of John II. Hop- per and Robert VV. Scott. The latter died in February, 1S90. and Mr. Hopper purchased his interest. b>nx II. Hopper was born in the city of Paterson in 1841, being the son of Judge John Hopper. He has al- ways been prominent in business and social affairs in Pat- erson and is one of the trustees of the Free Public Libra- ry, and Quartermaster of the First Battalion. The William Strange Silk Company. — One of the largest silk manufacturing establishments in the country is that of the William Strange Company. Its origin dates back to 1863, when the firm of Strange cc Brother — E. B. and Albert B. Strange — who had for thirty years done a silk importing business in New York, established a small mill in Williamsburgh. The firm had no intention of going into the silk manufacturing business but had found that frequently certain shades and qualities of silk ribbons were called for in the trade which had not been imported ; to send for such goods to Europe would consume consid- erable time and so for the purpose of better accommodat- ing their customers the firm set up forty looms to furnish goods which might be ordered and not found in stock. The enactment of the high tariff" during the last years of the war and the consequent high rate of exchange induced the firm to seriously consider the question of manufactur- ing silk on an extensive scale. In 1868 the firm removed its machinery to Paterson and silk manufacturing was begun here under the firm name of William Strange iv Co., Mr. E. I! Strange having devoted himself exclusively to importing and Mr. A. B. Strange having turned the business of manufacturing over to his son. although still retaining an interest in the industry. Mr. William Strange devoted himself to a thorough understanding of the business and with characteristic energy soon mastered 22 it in every branch. The firm had found considerable dif- ficulty in obtaining tram and organzine and for the pur- pose of being independent of all other similar establish- ments imported a quantity of silk throwing machinery from England. This together with the looms removed from Williamsbtugh was placed in the Greppo mill on Slater street and Dale avenue ; the mill was subsequently- enlarged but the additions did not keep pace with the demand for the product of the establishment and in 1S-1 the firm purchased the mill of the American Velvet Com- pany on Essex and Madison streets. The prosperity of the silk industry induced the firm to materially increase the size of the mill : building after building was added and then joined together until in 1S78 the firm had a mill ex- tending tor two hundred feet on each of three streets, hav- ing a depth of forty five feet on Essex street, forty-five feet on Beech street, forty feet on Madison street, and fifty feet on the north, the whole establishment being in the shape of a hollow square. In INS., another addition was elected to the mill in the shape of a wing on Beech street; this addition is two hundred feet front on Beech street, forty- eight feet deep, three stories high and built of brick in conformity with the rest of the establishment. The mill is complete in every particular, every branch of silk manu- facture, from the winding of the raw silk to the finishing of the product, being carried on under one roof. The firm employs about eight hundred and fifty hands. In 1SS7 the firm was incorporated under the laws of New Jersey and it at present consists of Messrs. \\ illiam Strange, William C. Kimball. Charles II. Pinkham, Jr., William H. Macy, Jr., Richard Muser. IIamil & Boo 1 it. — There is perhaps no firm of silk manufacturers who have been more successful than IIamil & Booth. The progress has been uniform throughout the years of the existence of the house and from a very humble beginning the firm has attained a position in the front rank of American silk manufacture. The concern was started in June. 1855, in the top floor of the Beaver mill, about twenty hands being employed. The firm was composed of Robert Hamil and James Booth. The product was fringe-silk and soon the demand for it induced the firm to look for more commodious quarters which they found in the second floor of the Star mill. In [S58 they leased the second floor of the Murray mill and had about a hundred and fifty hands in their employ. Here they remained for four years when they purchased a silk mill on Ward street, near Railroad avenue; the mill was equipped with ma- chinery but most of this was removed, it not being of the most approved pattern. The mill was one hundred and thirty feet by forty-five, built of brick, two and a half stories high. The firm continued throwing silk until 186S, when they purchased a number of looms and began weav- ing. In the meantime they hail increased the depth of their mill by twenty feet. In 1S70 they erected a frame building, twenty-five by one hundred feet, two stories high. In 1S7} their present office was put up. thirty-five by forty-five feet, three stories high. In 1S74 they began PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED, the erection of another addition of brick, three stories, fort} fivi In seventy-five feel In [890 tin capacit} of the mill was further increased by the extension of the building through to Railroad avenue ; the addition is of brick, three stories high and one hundred and eight} feel long. In the meantime the firm had acquired another valuable mill iert} mi the corner of Market and Mill streets, fifty- seven by one hundred and ninety feet; this property was boughl in [S72 and had previousl} been used as a cotton mill. The linn now manufactures all kinds of silk and does its own throwing. Over a thousand hands are em- ployed. The firm has always hern prominent lor the novelty and tastefulness of its designs, continually surpris- ing the buyers. Mr. Ilamil died September 11. [S80. Since thai time the business has been continued by his rep- itatives and Mr. Booth. I'm Ramsay & Gore Manufacturing Company commenced April 1st, [886, with a small plant of 1,700 spindles; this in a very short time was too small to meet the'r growing business. Not being able to find space to put in more machinery they leased the plant of Spanton cy Palmer and for eighteen months ran it until they put into operation more spindles. In [888 they bought the Empire mill in Green street, litted it up and put in a new engine and boiler, where to-day they run eleven thousand spindles, as well as their original plant of 1,700 spindles in the Watson building; this plant has also grown to be inadequate to meet the ever increasing demand lor their work. The firm have made a specialty of crape tw ists. They cnj"\ the reputation of having a thoroughl} organized and fully equipped throwing factory, employing only skilled workers. The greatest possible good feeling prevails be- tween the workers and the firm ; about Jim hands are em- ployed there and no unpleasantness has arisen since they stalled in business. Their success has been very marked and rapid, from 360 pounds of silk per week to 5,000 lbs. per week. The Ramsay & Gore Manufacturing Compan} have fully demonstrated that in Paterson "throwing" can have a place, lor plans are on hand tor an extension of their already large factot ) . fohn Ramsay, the senior member of the linn, was born in ( ilasgow . Scotland ; his early years w ere devoted to the study of mining, but that not agreeing with his desires he entered into manufacturing and for fourteen years filled suc- cessfully a responsible position in the largest weaving es- tablishment in Glasgow; here he acquired a knowledge of manufacturing in all its 1. ranches, which laid the founda- tion of his success in this country. lie came to America in 1879, and started as foreman in the throwing department le W illiam Strange Company : not ha\ ing seen silk, nor having had an} experience in throwing he encountered many difficulties, but with a determination characteristic of Scotchmen he commenced a study of silk and silk throwing so that he might acquire a thorough, practical and techni- cal knowledge of it in all branches. After close studv for six years he a complished his end. Every day's observa- tions and experiences were carefully noted down and ap- plied, so that at the completion of his six years study he had accumulated sufficient in writing to run a scries of twenty-three articles in the American Silk Journal, on "Silk," "Silk Throw ing" and "Silk Throw ing in Relation to \\ea\ing" Mr. Ramsay has lor seven \ cars held in his own house a small technical school; it was open to all young men who had a desire to learn "silk throwing " Many took advantage of it and now fill important posi- tions; he has always taken a deep interest in young men. and has ncv er turned any one away w ho has applied lor in- struction in throw ing. Mr. Ramsay, although busy with the cares of a large mill, finds time still to devote to his favorite study, viz: "Silk Throwing," and is now busy preparing a work for publication on that subject, believing as he does in the im- perative necessity of a technical education lor the develop- ing of the American silk industry; to that end he labors that some d.iy a technical evening school may lie establish- ed for those young men who have shown their capacity and ability to excel in one department of silk; such an in- stitution would he of incalculable advance to all concerned in the silk industry. Mr. Thomas E. Gore, the junior member of the firm, was horn in Paterson. \. J . and has been 111 the city all his life; his first start at work was office boy tor Mr John Ryle, father of the silk industry; having served in that humble position tor a tew months he was transferred to the spinning room, where for a short time he was a bobbin hov . and then to the deckels, and ever after he lias worked in the mills until he became foreman in the William Strange Company's mil!. It was while he was foreman that he joined Mr. Ramsay to form the present firm Mr. (hue lor live years was an ardent student of silk throwing, he being associated with Mr Ramsay in his technical stud- ies. lie was one of the most faithful and attentive of men. devoting his whole time to the internal workings of the large mills : by giving his attention to all the branches of throw ing he has done much to further the interests of this successful firm. Mr. Gore's life long connection with throwing has qualified him to contribute to the reputation and success of the firm ol Which he is a member. Tin: Phce.vix Manufacturing Company. — Among the oldest, largest, strongest and most energetic industrial establishments <>l Paterson is the Phoenix Manufacturing Company, engaged in the manufacturing oi silk fabrics of different char. icier. The charter of the Phoenix Manufac- turing Company was granted by the State of New Jersey in [824 and is one ol the lew charters in existence in the stale of the broad ami comprehensive nature that charac- terized charters granted in the earl} davs. and is irrepeal- able and unchangeable except as might be desired by ils 1 iw net s. The company was originall} formed lor the manufactur- ing of cotton goods, ami lor many years in the clipper -built ships which carried the Anna ican flag all over the world, in the davs when American sea commerce was of greater PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. 20; relative proportions than now. the sail cloths made by the Phoenix Manufacturing Company were the standard arti- cles used for these white winged ships. With the decline of the cotton industry in Paterson and its gradual transfer to the East, as it became superseded by the liner industry ot silk, the Phoenix Manufacturing Company drifted at about the beginning of the war, through the manipulations of Messrs. B. 13. Tilt and Albert Tilt, into the exclusive production of silk. Mr B. 15. Tilt, as far back as in 183:5, was of the firm of Tilt & Dowell, and afterwards Tilt it Dexter, in Boston and Xew York, in the production of gum silks and trim- mings, lie came to Paterson in 1S60 and occupied a por- tion of the Phoenix mill proper and afterwards additional rooms in the Beaver mill and the old Watson mill. In 1S61, by the admission of his son into partnership, the firm became' B. B. Tilt & Son and the business was thenceforth largely developed from the manufacturing of gum silks and sewing silks into dress goods in 1S70. In 1S65, the firm having obtained control of a. majority of the shares became the owners of the charter and properties of the Phoenix Manufacturing Company. This gave them abundant room, splendid water-power and the best of facilities in their line of manufacture. The company was among the first to adopt the use of power looms, and hav- ing acquired with the Phoenix Company's property the machine shop which was the original plant operated for many years by John E. Van Winkle and his son Henry, began thenceforth to make their own looms and have con- tinued since to make the power dress goods looms and rib- bon looms required for the gradual development of the busi- ness. In 1SS0 the company established the Adelaide silk mill at Allentown and in iNSs doubled the capacity of that plant. In iSSS they established the Tilt silk mill at Potts- ville. The raw silk is thrown at Pottsville, woven in plain fabrics at Allentown and in finer Tacquard and fancy work, the most advanced stages of the business, at Pater- son. In the three places the company occupies more than three hundred thousand square feet of floor space, equal to about seven acres, and operates over one thousand looms, and employs, when running at full capacity, about two thousand people, being undoubtedly, in its line of ban! silk manufacture, the largest organization in the country and one of the most important factors in the production of the great aggregate of nearly seventy millions of dollars produced in the combined output of the silk manufactur- ing establishments of America The products of the Phoenix Manufacturing Company are of a most diversified nature ; comprising, perhaps, a greater variety than that of any other establishment, and including plain dress goods of all kinds, and the most elab- orate brocaded products of the same class, handkerchiefs, mufflers, gauze and pongee goods, ribbons, tailors' linings and silk braids. The selling agents of the company are GreefF t V Co.. 22-26 Greene street. New York, an old established firm, three generations in existence, of the strongest financial ability and highest commercial standing. The trade marks, or brands, of the articles produced by the Phoenix Manufacturing Company have an established and most fav- orable reputation all over America, and are quoted as staple and standard criterions of the different classes which they represent. Like all silk manufacturers in America, the Phoenix Company was compelled to combat the prejudice in the markets of this country in favor of imported silks. Many manufacturers were actually compelled to imitate foreign labels on the goods in order to effect sales under American tickets. The Phoenix Company pursued the plan of making strictly meritorious goods anil placing them on sale under distinctive American labels, in the belief that people would sooner or later appreciate proper- ly real merit, no matter under what brand or wherever the goods might be manufactured, and that the sooner the pub- lic ascertained that silk goods could be made in this conn- In equal, if not superior, to those of foreign production and sold lor less money, the better it would be for the do- mestic silk industry. The result has been a constantly growing and healthy demand lor goods that can be guar- anteed of American manufacture, and under the wise policy of a protective tariff", silk fabrics of nearly all kinds are made in this country and sold for less money than the imported articles of similar construction. The company has received highest awards for the excel- lence ot its products at the Philadelphia International Ex- position in 1S76 and the great French Exposition of 1878, and many other industrial exhibitions of similar character. The present officers of the company are. Albert lilt. president and treasurer; Joseph W . Congdon, vice presi- dent; John R. Curran, secretary. The management of the Phoenix mills in Paterson is, and has been for many years, in the hands of Mr. John C. Dowell : in Allentown Mr. Bonis Soleliac is the manager of the Adelaide mills, and in Pottsville Mr. J. M. Harris is the manager of the Tilt mills. Notwithstanding the great and unusual depression that has characterized the silk business lor the past six months, the Phoenix Maufacturing Company has been aide to keep tlie greater portion ol its looms in full operation, and there- is no doubt that in the future the same energy and execu- tive ability will continue the company in the success and importance which, have characterized it since the days when P. B. Tilt & Son came to control it and which has been continued under the most able management of Mr. Albert Tilt, the president, and his assistants. DoiiEUTY it Wadsw 01; ru. — The success of this firm presents one ot the most remarkable and gratifying in- stances ot what can be accomplished by men who thor- oughly understand their business and add to this knowl- edge energy, industry and fair dealing with all Less than a decade ago the number of looms they operated could be counted on the fingers of one hand ; to-day they rank among the first and most important silk manufactur- ers of this country. The\ started into business in October, [.S79, in a room on Market street in the building occupied ?04 PA 7 ERS( W. II. 1. 1 'SI A\ I TED. by the Second National Bank. Their plant consisted ol juM one loom, but in the course of a few weeks they had I seven or eight. < >n the first of January, 1SS0, they to the .second floor of the Arkwright mill on i street, occupying only a portion ol the floor sp As their business increased they multiplied the number ol theii looms until in a short time they had the whole floor covered. In the summer of that yeai the) leased a portion of the lower floor and put in more looms In June ol the following yeai they took the resl of the lirst floor, and in [SS2 they purchased the whole mill. Being thoroughly acquainted with the industry in its every branch they per- sonally attended to even department : the superior excel- lence of their proline! increased the demand to such an extent that the firm saw itself compelled in 1SS3 to mate- rially enlarge the building; this was done and the firm was in possession ol one of the finest and best equipped silk mills in the country, from ever} part of which pro- ceeded the busy hum of silk machinery of the best pattern and best make. Silk manufacturers from other places who visit t.'ie present Arkwright mill agree that il is a model in ever) respect. The building has a frontage of -•11 feet on Beech street, is four stoiies high; its depth is So feet; in addition to this is the boiler and engine house detached from the main building. The ventilation and illumination leave nothing to be desired, both being fur- nished by power from the engine. The product of the firm embraces everything that is manufactured of silk that is elegant and durable. Some of the finest patterns, copied by other manufacturers both in this country and Europe, emanated from this establishment. For a num- bei o| years the firm manufactured more grenadines than all the other firms in Paterson put together. The variety of designs they weave in these delicate fabrics is fairly be- wildering, the patterns being of the most exquisite de- scription. Laces and satins and brocades are mingled in the most beautiful combinations and in never-ending varie- ty. The firms employs about 350 hands and it is a well known fact that differences between the employers and employees are almost unknown in this establishment ; they have always produced the highest class of goods and paid the highest wages. No firm has done more to place American silks in the high rank they have attained in the marts of the world than have Doherty & Wadsworth. went on the principle that the best was none too I for the American people and appreciation ol this principle and its execution ha\ e been show n in the almost man ell >us success ol the firm. HExm Doherty a\h Joseph Wadsworth. — The li\es of these two gentlemen have been so intimately con- nected that it would seem wrong to separate them in fur- nishing an account of their doings, their struggles and successes. The latter have fortunately always been in the idant for it may be said with truth that their struggles were ever crowned with success. They were both born in Macclesfield, England, 1 [1 of the textile indus- tries of the world. Mr. Doherty was born on February 6, 1850; Mr. Wadsworth on March i". [849. Tile eiluca- they received was such as fell to the share of many nun who have made their mark in the manufacturing world: literature and the higher branches of education were considered subservient at all times to a thorough schooling in the use ol' the loom. At an early age both tvi re i mployed in silk mills: they went to the mill to- gether and in the evening returned to their homes which were not far apart. Their eveningswere devoted to study, but it was during tin- day time thai they wire fitted lot the careei which has placed them high up among the manu- facturers of the country. They learned the manufacture of silk from the carrying ol bobbins t.i tin' completion of the finest fabric : there was not a branch of tin- silk industry in which they were not proficient when they concluded to come to this country. Mr. Doherty was the first to leave Macclesfield for the land of promise across the sea. arriv- ing here in the latter part of rS68. Mr. Wadsworth fol- lowed some si\ months later, arriving here in March. iN'ki. Both at once came to Paterson and readily found employment in the silk mills where skilled labor was com- manding a high premium. They worked in various mills until in (S79 Mr. Doherty was a foreman in the employ of 1. 1'. Mackayand Mr. Wadsworth occupied a similar posi- tion in the silk mill of (irimshaw Brothers. Although both commanded liberal salaries they found that others were reaping the larger harvest from their skill and ex- perience and once more they joined their fortunes together which had been linked so often when they were boys. What success attended their combined energy and skill has been inadequately told in the foregoing sketch. 'I'm Barxi >; i Mill. — The largest holder of silk mill property in the city ot' Paterson is Mayor Nathan Barnert. lie is not himself engaged in silk manufacturing but the excellent judgment to which he owes the prominent posi- tion he has always occupied in Paterson induced him years ago to invest heavily in mill property, he having fully recognized the stability of' the industries of the city. The most prominent ol' his possessions is the Barnert mill an illustration ol which is shown on page [64 of this work. The mill is in the shape of" a hollow square, lour stories high, having a frontage of 200 feet on Grand street and of lis feet on Dale avenue. It is built entirely of' brick and the engine and boiler house is separate from the main mill. There are between seventy-five and eighty thousand square feet of floor space in the mill. Mr. Barnert already owned considerable mill property when [885 he began the erection of this mill, which is a model in every respect. The steady expansion ol' the industries ol' Paterson created a demand for mills and Mr. Barnert's excellent judgment showed him that file dollars he had earned in main years of successful business could not lie better invested both for himself and the people who had twice elected him Mayor than by the erection of mills. He accordingly erected the Barnert mill which he rents to a number of silk manufac- turers, to whom he supplies both room and power. Mr. Barnert is also the owner ot' the Dale mill, a superb struc- PA 7 EPSON, IL LUSTRA TED. 205 lure on Railroad avenue, having a frontage of 325 feet and a depth of 45 feet with an L extension of 100 feet. In ad- dition to this he owns several other mills all located in the square hounded by Railroad avenue, Grand street. Dale avenue and Ward street. Gki.msiiaw Brothers. — This firm is composed of three brothers, John, George and David II. They are all three natives of Macclesfield. England, and were raised in the silk business. They commenced business in Paterson in 1N71 with half a dozen hand looms in an old shed in Pearl street. They subsequently removed to the Union mill on the corner of Market and Spruce streets. While occupy- ing this mill their growing business compelled them to hire the small mill of James Dunkerley in Spruce street, and this was run in connection with their other mill. These two places not affording the proper facilities, they leased the Arkwright mill, then owned by the Prall estate. This they occupied until they purchased their present property, which was then known as the Greppo mill: it had been formerly occupied by .Strange & Brother. Shortly after the purchase they enlarged the mill by the addition of a brick wing a hundred feet long on Prince street. The property now forms a hollow square, bounded by Dale av- enue on the east. Slater street on the south and Prince street on the west. It is three stories high, well lighted and ventilated, and amply provided with the most effective appliances for extinguishing lire. It is supplied through- out with fresh well water which is distributed to all parts of the mill from two large tanks in the highest part of the structure. The whole of the mill is operated by the firm. Having commenced business in the infancy of silk weav- ing in Paterson, at a time when prejudice against domes- tic silk goods was strong in the minds of buyers, thev •worked out a path for themselves — good goods — and have steadily followed it. Commencing with plain small silks thev have followed up about all the avenues known to the silk trade, men's serges and linings, novelties in handker- chiefs and mufflers (of which in fine goods thev were the pioneers.) millinery silks, plushes, velvets, plain and nov- elty dress silks, &c, changing their production with the varying demands of the market. In this connection their lifelong training has been of the utmost value. Their ma- chinery, like their production, has been subject to numer- ous changes. Commencing with hand machines, as was the custom at the time, thev have kept replacing their plant with the most njpdern machines, until now everything in their vast establishment is of the latest and most improved pattern and the whole driven by steam power. The pro- duct of ••< 1. B," as their goods are known on the market, is now largely novelty and plain silks, although in other lines of novelties thev do considerable business. In addition to this establishment thev have another mill at Reading, Pa., also of brick, 254 feet long by 50 feet wide and three stories high. This is largely used by them for throwing the raw silk used in their Paterson business. The present Reading null was rebuilt on the ruins of the firm's former mill, which was wrecked almost totally by the great tornado which produced such havoc and loss of life in that part of the country on January o. 1SS9. This linn, commencing business with limited means, have by their conservatism and pluck not only withstood all the periodical depressions which have marked the de- velopment of the silk trade and their loss by the Reading disaster, but thev stand to-day in the front rank of Ameri- can silk manufacturers. J Venn Horandt & Sox. — Mr. Jacob Horandt, the sen- ior member of this firm, was born in Sissach, in Switzer- land, on April S, [S34, being one of six children. His father combined fanning with silk manufacture, anil young Mr. Horandt gained his fust impression of the silk indus- trv in the home of his parents. After having passed through the common schools and the advanced technical school of his home, he was at the age of seventeen sent to Basle there to study the practical operation of the manu- facture of silk in the factories. He remained there until he was twenty-one years of age, when he returned to his home and was superintendent of his father's silk mill until he was twenty-eight years of age when he was married; he returned to Basle, and until iSj2 was foreman in a large silk mill. lie then concluded to come to this country, whither his brother had preceded him. and landed here on July i). 1N72. Three lucrative and responsible positions were at once offered him, but Mr. Horandt recognized the fact that there was considerable difference between the silk industry in this country ami his native home: before as- suming anv position of importance he preferred to get ac- quainted with the status of affairs here, and Consequently until January 2, 1873, he worked as a weaver in the silk mills of New York. I Ie was then induced to accept a posi- tion as superintendent in the large silk mill of Pelgram & Meyer, and he occupied this position for twelve and a half vears. In the mean time his son, Christopher, had grown to be a young man, and having evinced a liking for the silk industry, Mr. Horandt sent him in 1N70 to Europe where the young man remained three years, receiving such education as the best technical schools of Europe afforded. < )n his return to this country he organized the Paterson Ribbon Company with Mr. George F. Kuett. His father at this time concluded to establish business for himself, and young Mr. Horandt having disposed of his interest in the ribbon company joined his father, and the firm of Jacob Horandt iV" Son was established. It is but natural that the thorough practical knowledge of the industry in all its branches, possessed by both father and son. added to excel- lent business qualifications, should be followed by success. The firm first leased and subsequently purchased the Hox- sev mill on Kearnev street, with its surrounding twenty- four city lots. The first year the firm operated si\ looms, the second seventeen, the third twenty-nine, and at present their capacity is sixty-nine looms. In the mean time the mill had been increased in size ami a dye works had been added: this not proving sufficient, the firm during the present year leased the Meistermann mill in Paterson street, and plans are now being prepared tor a new mill on 206 PATERS ON, ILLUSTRATED. Kearney street. The firm was the lirst among the ribbon manufacturers t<> use electric light, having its own dy namo. ( iol and pure water is supplied to ever} portion of the mill from an artesian well which was sunk shortly after the firm started into business. The selling agents of the firm .hi Hoenighaus & Curtiss, of New York. In iSSo Mr. Horandl married a second time, his first wife having died, and in [888 he erected for himself and l.i m i 1 \ the elegant residence, an illustration of which orn- aments a page in another pari of this book. Both mem- bers of the firm arc among the most genial as well as ac- complished silk manufacturers of the city, and ii was a fortunate thing for more than one family in this city that Mr. Horandl concluded to locate in Paterson. Tin: Paterson Riisuox Co. — In March. [S85, thiscom- pany, of which Mr. Geo. F. Kuetl is president, and Mr. \V. T. I'. Hollingsworth, secretary and treasurer, began busi- ncss in the Dale mill with a very small capital and only a lew I us. To-day they have one of the best plants in the' State of New |cisc\. Their new mill at Eastside is a substantial structure equipped with all that a model silk mill requires. It is two stories high, fifty by three hun- dred and two feet, and contains over one hundred and seventy-five windows making it one of the best lighted and best ventilated mills in the vicinity of Paterson. The company sells its goods direct, the office being at 1 1 y Spring street. \ew York City. III. manufacturing is superintended by Mr. Knett, who has been employed in the Paterson silk mills since his boyhood and is familiar with all parts of the work. The selling of the goods and the general business of the com- pany is in charge of Mr. Hollingsworth. The company makes high class goods exclusively. Tin. Auger & Simon Silk Dyeixg Co. — This firm was incorporated under the laws of the Stale of \ew Jer- sey on July ist. [890, after an existence of six years. Mr. Charles 1.. Augerwas elected president and treasurer. Mr. Charles Simon, secretary. Mr. Auger is also the genera] manager. Their business is --ilk dyeing in all its branches in both color-, and blacks. They have nearly four acres of -round on East Fifth street upon which they have built several substantial brick buildings of the latest improved plan- adapted to their business. They are equipped with all the modern machinery lor Macks and color-. They have a never failing water supply either from the Passaic river or from wells, and have a pumping and filtering ca- pacity i>f nearly three million gallons per day. Their buildings are all lighted by electricity furnished by their own dynamo. In every respect they have one of the most thoroughly equipped plants in this country. The whole business is under the management and personal supervision ofboth Mr. Auger and Mr. simon. who are practical and expert dyers having obtained their knowledge of the busi- ncss in some "f the largest dye houses in this country and Europe. Mr. Auger has proven himself thoroughly capa- of organizing and managing in every detail: he has charge of the financial and business portion of the concern, lucting all the afftirs of the company in a straight- forward businesslike manner. He is a hard working and energetic man. deeply wrapped up in this business ami has proven himself able to cope with any difficulty, a- his enterprise ami success lullv attest. Mr. Simon, who i- one oi" the best black dyer-, having held responsible posi- tions both in Europe and this country, attends entirely in the management of the black dyeing. lie confines his whole time and attention to the business, giving every del. ul hi- personal supervision. His work proves him to he a very careful manager and has gained for him the rep- utation of turning out a verv superior class of wank in all grades oi blacks which lor shade, winding and working in the differenl processes ol manufacturing cannot he sur- passed. None but the most competent color dyers are employed who thoroughly understand even grade of fancy dyeing and turn out a very superior class of work. Dur- ing the oinhre season this department was overrun with work ami can truthfully claim to having dy'ed two-thirds of the ombres which were manufactured at that time. A large amount of work in both color- ami blacks 1- turned out daily, furnishing employment to a large number of hands. None but the most skilled workmen are employed ill each department under the charm- of competent fore- men. More than ordinary care is taken with all silk in- trusted to this company, who are thoroughly responsible; from the lime it is received until its delivery some on< lullv competent has it in charge. They are in constant correspondence with parlies in Europe who keep them thoroughly posted as to anything new relating to the dye- ing business. Beyond a question the firm has In shrewd management and careful watching worked its way to a position of importance in the industrial world. Iwiin 111:1: & M a ass, Siik I )yers. — This enterprising firm who are located in the Gun Mill yard, have had an extensive experience in both this and foreign countries in the dyeing of silks. Mr. \\ . E. Knipscher, who i- at the head ul the concern, was born in Germany, in [852. He came to this country when but a boy and im- mediately connected himself with some of the leading dve shops. After gaining a thorough knowledge of the busi- ness, he was engaged as lore man of Mr. Jacob Weidman's place at Riverside, where In- remained tin two years. In [SS7 he started in business for himself in the < ■ 1 1 1 1 Mill yard, where he has been v n v successful, doing some extra- ordinary work in the dyeing of blacks, heavy weight col- or-, imported blue blacks, spun silks for velvet-, etc. In 1S1111. Mr. Knipscher found that his business was growing veiv rapidly, and required another practical man to assist him. and rdingly look into partnership Mr. Ft Maass. who is the junior partner ol' the firm. Mr. Maass was born in New York city, has lived in Europe, and is a a graduate from a polytechnic school in Zurich. Switzer- land. The firm is a verv energetic one. and their dve shop is thoroughly equipped, so that they can do first-class work in a very -hint time: they are both genial gentle- men, determined to succeed if fair dealin iod work and plea- ml manners can lead to success. PA 7ERS0N, ILLUSTRA TED. ioj [acob W alder. — Mr. Jacob Walderwas born in Zurich, Sw it/erland. on March 18, [839, and after receiving a good education at the common and higher schools of Ids native place, went to work in a weavers' supplies manufactor) for the purpose of learning the trade of reedmaker. After ha\ ing been employed at this for some time in his home he went to Basle. Crefeld, and Bradford. England, for the purpose of perfecting his knowledge of the branch of in- dustry to which he intended to devote himself. Return- ing to his home he worked steadily at his trade until he started out in business for himself; after continuing at this but a short time he came to this country in 1866 and at once proceeded to Paterson where he obtained employ- ment as reedmaker. A year later he started into business for himself in a small rear room on the corner of Cross and Ellison streets. Then he removed to No. 93 River street and subsequently to a floor in the mills on River street opposite Paterson street. At each successive place his plant increased hut he could never supply the demand for his goods. In 1SS2 having purchased the property lying opposite to where he had his plant of machinery, he tore down the old buildings and elected a factory especially adapted for his industry. The mill is of brick, three stories high and ^oxioo. The engine and boiler house is an adjunct to the main building. Having first erected a handsome residence for himself adjoining the mill proper- ty 'Mr. Walder in 1889 erected another mill in the rear of his property; this mill is built of brick, is four stories high and 48x160 feet. Mr. Walder's intention in erecting this mill was to supply a part of the demand for mills by manufacturers anxious to extend their operations. The structure is a model of mill architecture and Mr. Walder has consequently experienced no difficulty in securing desirable tenants. Mr. Walder's character for energy and uprightness and his thorough knowledge of the business in which he is en- gaged have made his success both deserved and gratifying. The rank which he has attained in the industrial and com- mercial circles of Paterson he also holds socially. He is a man of the most pleasant manners and is evei ready to assist his struggling and honest fellows. I. A. IIai.i. & Co. — Conspicuous in manufacturing cir- cles, and foremost among the great establishments which are devoted to the production of mill supplies in this country, is the widely known house of 1. A. Hall & Co.. whose extensive factory property is situated at 30 and 32 Division street, with private stables in the rear for the ac- commodation of horses, wagons, &c, used for local de- liveries. The scope of this concern lies in the manufac- ture of reeds, harness, lingoes, mails, shuttles ami general weavers' supplies, as well as the furnishing of Tacquard twines, loom cards, card lacing, &c, and in fact, every- thing needed in rigging out for the manufacture of textile goods. A special feature is made of reeds, harness, lingoes, &c, for ribbon and broad silk manufacturers, and the em- ployment of only the most skilled labor obtainable, coupled with the untiring vigilance of the various heads of depart- ments under the general supervision of Mr. Hall, is suffi- cient guarantee that all work turned out is treated in a most efficient and satisfactory manner, and in such a way as to prove a constant advertisement. The cornet stone of this important industry was laid in i860, by the father of Mr. I. A. Hall, he being the pioneer in this particular line of trade: but it was not until the present head of affairs acquired control that the business began to rapidly expand, until now it is the recognized leader among its fellows, but still with the en of •■enterprise and progress" as its motto. The products of this popular linn are well and favorably known throughout all districts where textile fabrics are manufactured, and an adequate idea of the ex- tensive character of their output max be gained from an inspection of their huge and handsome three-stor} brick mill, a picture of which appears on another page, and in which a large number of operatives are steadily employed at remunerative wages. Isaac A. Hall. — The subject of this sketch was first introduced to the light of da)' on the 9th of October, i860, in the city of Paterson, and he has resided bete almost continuously ever since. His boyhood days were passed in much the usual manner, his fun loving disposition as- suring him of good times in those hours not spent in the public schools of the city, in whose halls bis early educa- tional teachings were received, supplemented by a thor- ough course of practical business training in that excellent institution. Latimer's Paterson Business College. In the spring of tSjo. he entered the naval service of Uncle Sam. and for one year served on the historical old war ship Constitution. P. S. S. Minnesota. &c. Seeing no prospect of any considerable advancement, however, and the monotonous life on shipboard becoming irksome to his energetic makeup, he sought the assistance of President Hayes, and securing his signature to the neces- sarj papers, he was honorably discharged. Upon returning to his native city, his marked ability and enterprise found a fruitful held of labor in the business founded main years before by his father, (who had died some time previous to this period) and under his skillful guidance the industry has risen to a prominence second to none in its line. Personally, Mr. Hall is a gentleman of genial and en- tertaining manners, and while he makes business his first Study, he still finds time to pleasantlv discharge those social duties which are incumbent on him. and to take an active interest in Masonic and other affairs, in whose cir- cles he is a prominent and popular figure. The Barbour Flax Spinning Company. — The Bar- bour family have for a century been among the greatest linen manufacturers in the north of Ireland, their works at Lisburn, near Belfast, being among the largest of the kind in the world. Their establishment at that place is com- plete in itself. Not only is the flax subjected to every pro- cess involved in the manipulation of the raw material from the crudest state, but the firm have immense machine shops of their own where they build all the machinery they PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. need on either side of Hie Atlantic. For mam years the) at once rebuilt in imitation in all respects of the Grand had made large sales in America, Thomas Barbour hav- streel mill. Water and steam arc both used for power ing charge of their New York house. The imposition of and both mills are heated by steam. During the year 18S1 the tarifl'of 1862 and the high rate of exchange led them the) built another immense stone mill on Grand and Mor- i.. conceive the idea of establishing a branch of their im- ris streets, forty-eighl b) four hundred feet; the mill Is mense factories In America, a nil looking about they con- known as the Granite Mill, from the Menu- used in its con- cluded that Paterson was the mosl available place in which struction. This mill is leased to a number of silk manu- to locate. Thomas and Samuel Barbour carried die pro- facturing concerns. jeel into execution and in [S64 the) bought the old Passaic N\ ithm four years after establishing their mill in Pater- mill No. 2, formerly run b) John Colt for the weaving of son. or in 1 868, they were making about fifty-two thousand fine sheetings and cotton duck, on Spruce street, opposite pounds of shoe thread, saddlers' thread and gilling twine Oliver. The mill was a fine structure, though but a toy every month — twenty-six tons of thread. They were also house compared to the mills at Lisburn. Here the) em- making about a ton of fine thread for the manufacture of ployed several hundred hands and added continuall) lo hose. 1 11 addition to this product the)' spooled four thou- their machinen until tin- building could hold no more; sand dozen spools monthl) of the thread made b) them in the) enlarged it from time to time hut still they lacked Ireland, and spooled seventy-five thousand pounds of tail- room. Having bought the entire block hounded b) ors' thread, also made abroad. The) now import the flax Prince, Grand, Spring and Slater street--, the) proceeded jusl as it comes into the market from the farms in the north in [S77 to elect thereon one of the finesl specimens of mill of Ireland, where thai crop has so long had its favorite architecture in New Jersey. It was fifty feet front on home, and in their Paterson mills they hackle, dress, and Grand street b) two hundred feet deep and four stories spin it into all kinds of linen thread, shoe thread, sewing high. The engine and boiler house is a very spacious thread tor tailors' use-, fine twine, &c. They also dye and building, while the chimney, octagonal in shape, and re- bleach it on their own premises. They spin thousands of lieved at frequent intervals b) light-colored bell courses miles of thread ever) day, enough to put a girdle around and surmounted b) abroad cornice at an elevation of one the earth twice over. That means fifty thousand miles hundred and eight) feet, is ornamental as well as useful. daily. It is needle-- to -a\ that the) have the most im- Bul it is the inside of the mill that impresses the visitor proved machinery to he had in the world. The) have with a sense of securit) and solidity. The stairways are their principal store and office in New York city, with all enclosed in solid brick walls and are themselves of branch offices in Boston, Chicago, San Francisco and brick and stone. Massive wrought iron beams -pan the other cities. The business was originall) in the name of interior from side to side and on these are built brick die Barbour Brothers — Thomas, Robert and Samuel — hut arches which support the floors above. These floors are in [S66 the) were incorporated as the Barbour Flax Spin- of bluestone flags, inclining from the centre to the side ning Company, and the industry has been carried on since walls, so that they can he readily flushed with water. that date by that corporation. The president i- Robert which then runs otfin gutters provided tor the purpose. Barbour; Thomas Barbour was vice president and treas- This is the style of construction throughout. I'hc build- urer until his death when his interest in the corporation illg, if not absolutel) fireproof, is a- nearl) SO a- the in- was transferred to his son William. genuit) of man can make it. It is not eas) to see where Tho.M v- B.VRBOl i: was hom on Jul) ij. iS^j. in the or how a lire could make much headway in such a massive old family residence at Hildon in Ireland. He became an structure with so little for the flames to feed upon. But American citizen in [S49. He was a man genial in man- flax i- a ven inflammable article, and the danger of lire ner and the vcrv embodiment of hospitality and influence; has been foreseen and provided againsl in other ways in when an) question arose demanding unusual energy he addition to making the building itself proof against flames, was never found unequal to the emergency of the case. On each floor and on each side are laid patent sprinklers, He manifested a force and vigor of character difficult to instructed that at a certain degree of temperature the) oppose, lie persistent!) refused public position hut was will open innumerable valves and throw all over the room connected intimatel) with many public ami private enter- copious jets of water propelled with all the force that a prises of importance. lie was a member of the Commit- head of one hundred and eight) feet can give. There are tee on Revenue Reform of the New York Chamber of other appliances also for throwing water into an) part of Commerce and is widel) known in this country in connec- the mill. The water i- supplied from a pond on Garret tion with his successful defence of his firm and government Mountain, one hundred an : Grand street, on the infamous moiety system, and i- recognized as the 'This magnificent building had scared) been occupied and one who. by his personal sacrifices and exertion-, caused ked with machinery brought over from their work- in the abrogation oi a law which offered a fifty per cent. Ireland before they set about doubling iissi/e. and in 1S78 premium on official irregularity and imposition, lie de- it was made as long again, so that it is now fifty by four livered a forcible and practical speech on the subject he- hundred feet in area, four stories high. In February, fore the New York Chamber of Commerce in 1874 and on 1 S79, the Spruce street mill was destroyed b) lire. It was the following evening al Stcinwav Hall at a special meet- PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TL D. 209 ing called t'nv that purpose. Mr. Barbour subsequently proceeded to Washington and procured the p 1 the bill abrogating the moiety system. Upon a subsequent visit to Belfast, Ireland, on October 29, [874, he was ten- dered a public banquet by the merchants of Belfast and the province of Ulster, at which the Lord Mayor presided, in recognition of the important service he had rendered to the importing trade of New York and capitalists in breaking down a system so unjust in principle. Mr. Barbour was the first president of the Paterson Board of Trade, a direc- tor of the Hanover National Bank, a director of the Guard- ian Fire Insurance Company of New York, and a diri of the Paterson iV Ramapo railroad company, lie was president of the Bedford Manufacturing Companj of New- ark and for ten years a din the Clark Thread Works of Newark. He owned a large amount of property in Paterson, including a line residence on the cornel' of Straight street ami Broadway. His summer residences were the Brookside Farm at Preakness and ••Warren Point." the latter situated in Bergen County, just a the Broadway bridge. At the latter place on different oc- casions he entertained General Grant and other prominent citizens of this country. lie was always regarded as one of the most liberal minded and public spirited citizens of Paterson. His death occurred at the family homestead in Ireland on January [9, [885, and was lamented by all who had' ever had the pleasure of his acquaintance. The Dolphin Maxufai n kim. Co. — This company was incorporated in 1843 ur >der :l special charter as the ■•American Hemp Company," but as its antecedent- and its capital came from Scotland it was familiary known as the "Scottish Company." In February, 1846, as its busi- ness was making sail-canvas, the present name suggestive of tne sea was adopted. John Taylor fohnston, Esq., former President of the Central R. R. of Xew |ersev, was one of the original incorporators and is to-day a direc- tor and the largest stockholder. Alexander T. Van Nest, Esq., of Xew York city represents the next largest holding and is also a director. The remaining directors are i ert W. d imsel for the Central Railroad of Xew Jersey, and Mr. Otto T. Bannard and Mr. |. Herbert Johnston, who are repectively president and vice president of the company. The in of the mill is Mr. Henry Brown, formerly of Dundee. Scotland. The property extends about 125 feet on Spruce street, near Oliver, and rims back nearly 600 feet. The opera- tive- number about Soo, nearly three-fourths of whom are h and as Mr. Brown is a Scotchman, the term "Scot- tish Company" might still be appropriately used. Both water-power and steam-power are used in running the mill, and an electric lighting system has entirely displaced An ample storehouse was built last year to accom- modate the supply of raw material imported from India, and the new machinery is being constantly added to replace the older and less productive patterns. Nearly 5,000 tons of jute are manufactured each year in the ■•Dolphin" besides twine, for the grain fields, carpet 23 yarns, hemp carpets, napier matting-, upholsterers web- bings, canvas, Inula]), sash cord, and miscellaneous tw ines. Ili' pit -cut customs duty of twenty per cent, upon raw jute has enabled Dundee competition to interfi Seriousl) with certain branches of the jute industry such as carpet yarns, hut hopes are entertained that Congress will soon remove this burden so that America may obtain jute as cheapl) as Scotland and Canada. Xo jute is raised in this country. If such relief should he afforded to the jute industry the possibilities for manufacturing will he •_■ ■ as the use of jute in various articles is increasing and n tively lew jute goods are made in this country. The ••Dolphin" as the pioneer jute mill of America is keeping pace with the progress of the times and 1 decade will find the growth and development of thi mills closelj following the growth and development of the I nited Si Tin-: Roswell Bobbin Mamufatory. — The Roswell in Manufactory, named after the late Roswell L. Colt, was established in February, 1858, upon a compara- tively small scale by Isaac Scull. John R. Daggers and William Row. After the deatli of Mr. Scull in [86] the business was continued by the surviving partners until the year 1880, when, owing to the sickness of Mr. Row. the partnership w; lived and the business continued h\ the present enterprising proprietor. Since then it has steadily increased and developed into one of the largest of its kind in the slate. The factory occupied by Mr. Dag- has a frontage on River street of fifty feet and on Mulberry street of 120 feet, two-thirds of which is a three- story brick building and the remainder a two-stor) fn structure, fully equipped with improved designs of wood- working machinery for the manufacture of all kinds of cotton, manilla, hemp. jute, flax and woollen bobbins, Is and similar articles used by manufacturers of textile- fabrics. Mr. Daggers also devotes especial attentioi wood turning in all its branches and employs from 35 to 30 experienced and skilled operatives; hi- products are shipped direct to consumers and manufactun \ the plea for mere) took part in the engagements near Richmond and Peters- and no matter how degraded the criminal arraigned before burgh, lie remained in service until the close "I the war him fudge I >aggers was read} to listen to a kind word for and was discharged in ( )ctober, [S65. Neither he nor his him; his natural disposition inclined him to mere} and brothers sustained any wounds. At the close of the war mam convicted culprits owe to fudge Daggers the last Mr. Harding returned t<> England onavisit; his mother chance which justice afforded to enable them to retrieve had died in the mean time; Ids father died when Mr. their lost reputations. Harding was bul six years oi age. While in England he I'im di rick 1 1 \ k 1 > i n ( . . — A prominent and progressive was married i<> a former schoolmate ofhis. lie brought establishment in this city engaged in a useful and growing his bride with him t<> this country and returned to Rock- industi} is that ofMr. Frederick Harding, a manufacturer ville, where he again found employment in the woe. lien paper boxes. The industr} was established in [872 by mills. After working for a lew months, in 1 m 17. he went Mr. Harding and he still maintains the supervision over I" Newark, X. |.. where he worked for some lime at file the business agisted l>v his two sons. Albert lames and cutting and wrench making, after which he was employed William Frederick, who are both capable and energetic in a paper box factory. In 1874 he came to Paterson and young men. having a thorough knowledge of the various started in business as a paper box manufacturer. His en- branches 11I the business acquired under the tutelage of erg} and industry, supplemented by excellent business theii father. The premises occupied comprise the entire qualifications, ensured his success, and he stands to-day structure Nos. 200 and 202 Straight street. The building prominent among the manufacturers and public spirited is ol brick, 1.0x90 feet and three stories high. It is fully citizens of Paterson. He is well known for his pleasant equipped with the most improved machinery and appli- and genial maimers. He has a fine suburban residence at ances known to the trade, including the patent box strip- I laledon. an illustration of which appears on another pin- machines which greatly facilitate the covering of page. md the laying mi of the paper with matheinatie.il Paterson, Dkain, Sewer and Well Pipe Works. — precision. Thirty expert operators are employed and the This establishment is located at Nos. 118 to 128 Park ave- machinery is driven by steam-power Mr. Harding manu- nue, and is owned by Mr. Joseph Sharpe It is one ol factures all sizes and different kinds of plain and fancy the foremost establishments of its kind in Paterson, its suc- paper boxes, his outpot being unrivalled by that of other cess being due to the energy and excellent business qualifi- first-clats houses ; he supplies a huge number of factories cations ol" its proprietor. in this city, New York, Newark. Passaic and other places. It is only about twenty years since cement drain pipe The cutting of blank Jacquard and Dobby cards for silk was first introduced to the public, and though it has met manufacturers and blank cards for carpet, damask and tap- with the natural opposition that any new and important e-ti\ manufacturers, in all sizes and qualities, is a special- invention always meets, it ha- steai ily gained in popular ty and as many as twenty tons of this material ate turned favor, until to-day its manufacture has become a very im- oul monthly. Of late Mats Mr. Harding has introduced portanl industry: in fact, the extent to which it has been great improvements in the methods of paper box manu- used under the most severe tests of exposure, has so satis- facturing, bot'ii as regards the rapidity with which boxes factorily proven its durability that manufacturers have been ate | I as well as the increased beauty of the style led to mound this cement into other useful articles, among and designs. Mr. Harding promptly gives estimates for which may be mentioned horseblocks, flagging for side- am style or size ol boxes, either plain or fancy, in any de- walks, copings, sills, lintels, curbings, etc.. tor all of sired number and colors. The capacity of the factory is which purposes and many others its practical utility has from three to ten thousand boxes a day and all orders are been thoroughly tested. filled at the shortest notice. This branch of industry is prominently represented in ■ his par- push and energ) they immediately began to tear dow n old ticular department and the concern did a thriving and sue- buildings and prepare foi tin new and model ones, cessfnl business In [S72 to meet the requirements of After eight months had gone b) the) had completed the their increasing trade and to enable them to insure a con- lager beer brewery which is shown in the engraving slant suppl) of the best mall the) elected the extensive taken from the front elevation of the architect's plans, malt house which stands in the rear of the propert) : it is The storage and brew-house is five stories high, built of brick a massive brick structure 150x75 feet, six stories high, with and iron trimmed with granite from the Mount Adams slated roof; a switch from the New York, Lake Erie & Granite Co. In the rear is a three-stor) ice factory Western Railroad runs into the building where are \\n- in which there is one ol the De la Vergne ice machines loaded thousands ol bushels of barley daily coming from with a capacity of 65 tuns, which besides being capable ol Canada, New York State and western points ; the capacity refrigerating the entire plant is able to suppl) a large lis house, which is the only one in this vicinity, is over amount of artificial ice ; it is the most improved machine one hundred and fifty thousand bushels of malt per season ; and is used with the "direct" system These buildings it i- one of the most substantial and best equipped malt and two smaller ones constitute the lager heet brewery, houses in tin' State ; it is supplied with the best well water, which is said to be the heaviest building in tin- city; the free from lime and other objectionable ingredients, and iron work, of which there is a large amount, was contract- deseives the widespread reputation it has of producing the ed by the Watson Machine Works and t.ie Passaic Rolling finest malt. This department is under the efficient man- Mill. The copper work contained inside was also a large agemenl of Mr. Henry Coley, for years maltster at the II. contract, being executed by August Roos's Sons, copper- 1!. Manning malt houses in Buffalo. smiths of New York. In the \ear 187S Mr. Penrose retired from the firm, "flu- casks, tanks, tubs, &c . which ai\' necessary in a the original parties. Shaw & llinchlitlc. buying .ml his well regulated brewer) that the beer ma) have the proper rests and lea\ ing hi- pupil. Mr. William F. I linchliil'e. age, were erected by Smith & Son. of Philadelphia, and J. in charge of the brewing department. Schwarzwalder & Sons.,,) New York; Mr. David Henry, In 18S1 Mr. Shaw was compelled to go abroad for his of Paterson, carpenter and builder, and Mr. Samuel Riley, health, hut instead of improving he gradually became mason, also ol Paterson, have the gratification of looking worse and died. upon a beautiful structure built largely by their hands. This left the founder of the business alone and under the The capacity of brewing is about 75,000 barrels per firm name of John Hinchliffe Ik- conducted a ver) success- year. The brewer) is under the direct supervision of the ful business until his death, Septembei tst, 18S6, he then company, which is composed of John Hinchliffe, president ; being in his sixtieth year ; he was buried at the Holy Sep- .William 1'. 1 linchliil'e. vice president, and James C. ulchre Cemetery, his remains being borne to their last rest- ' linchliffe, secretary and treasurer, w ho own equal shares ing place, in compliance with his request, by his oldest and "' stock. most trusted employees. He had been all through his life lie-ides the brewing and malting business they are in- a hard working man. strictly honest, conscientious and be- terested in several land companies, and are generally active, nevolent; he left two daughters and three sons, his wife The Paterson Consolidated Brewing Company — having died a few years before ; he was devotedly attached During the yeai tSSo. representatives ol an English syndi- to hi- family ami duri i n ss before his death a-- cate made overtures to a number ol the brewers in Pater- signed and deeded all hi- real and personal property to son to purchase theii entire establishments for the purp them: the brewer) property he gave to his sons, fohn, of forming a stock company and disposing of the stock in William F., and James C, who shortly/ after then father's England. A I lei Ion- and tedious negi itiations the project death began business under the firm name ol Hinchliffe fell through, hut it had not \'n-:i without fruit The nego- Brothers. tiations had brought the brewers closer together and they These young men. having keen trained up b) theii recognized the benefits to be derived from concerted action lather in the different departments of malting and brew- among men having an identity of interests. The result ing, were thus properl) fitted to continue the business and was the formation of the Paterson Consolidated Brewing PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. ! '3 Company by the proprietors of four of the largest brewer- ies in the city. The company now owns the breweries formerly under the personal management of Christian and Louis Braun, Sprattler cc Mennell, James A. Graham cc Co and the Katz Brothers. These gentlemen now share with each other the enormous advantages to be derived from large purchases, a general surveillance of the busi- ness under one management and the numerous other bene- fits derived b\ an amalgamation of interests. The officers of the company are the following: Bernard Katz. presi- dent; Philip Katz, first vice president ; James A Graham, second vice president ; Christian Mennell, treasurer ; Louis F. Braun, secretary; Christian Braun, general brewer. Following are sketches of the various breweries owned by the consolidated company : — The Braun Brewery of the Paterson Consoli- dated Brewing Company. — In 1855 Mr. Christian Braun, father of Messrs. Christian and Louis F. Braun. started a brewery on the corner of Braun and Marshall streets and conducted the business with increasing trade and success until the year 1870, when he leased the busi- ness to Sprattler & Mennel. Mr. Braun died in 1S76 and his suns took possession ol the business. They were young men of excellent business qualifications, liberal ami pleasant, and tlic\ soon built up a business second to none in the city. The brewery was increased until they had a structure 75x200, three stories high, equipped with all the latest improved appliances for the production of a superior grade of lager beer ; the capacity of the brewery is 60,1 barrels per year. Every facility and advantage, which long experience and a thorough knowledge of the business could bring to bear, was used, and all theoperation ol thi business were conducted under the immediate supervision of the proprietors, who are experienced and practical brewers. In [888 a 25-ton ice machine was put in and this was supplemented after the consolidation had taken place, by a 50-ton ice machine. At present work is in progress for the erection of a new brew house, five stories high, 42x44, built of brick and ornamented with brown stone. A handsome malt tower, having a capacity of ten thousand bushels of malt, will surmount the building which will be one of the finest and most costly in the city. I the ground to the top of the tower is a distance of 1 1 1 feet. The brewery when completed will have a ca- pacity of 1 ^0.000 barrels of beer per annum An engrav- ing of the building as completed is presented on page rSi. On the opposite side of the street are the stables where the twenty horses used in the business are boused. The Sprattler & Mennell Brewery of the Pat- erson Consolidated Brewing Company. — Mr. Gustav Sprattler and Mr. Christian Mennell established the brew- ing of lager beer in Paterson in 1870, having leased the brewery up to that time operated 1 v Mr. Christian Braun. Here they laid the foundations for the splendid trade subse- quently controlled by the house. In 1N76 they took pos- session of a new brewery, which they had elected for the purpose and which at that time had a capacity of S.000 barrels per annum. In the succeeding years enlargements ol the plant were made and new buildings erected until the brewer) is one of the most complete in all respects in New Jersey, having a capacity ol |c,..,i,:j barrels per annum. The plant covers an area of 185x200 feet, upon which are erected ice houses, brewery and malt houses, store houses,&c. It is equipped with all the latest improved machinery and ap- pliances. In 1887 a j^-toii ice machine was added, being the first of its kind in the city of Paterson. Mr. Sprattler died in October, 1885, and the business was conducted by his estate and by Mr. Mennell until the consolidation look place in 1 10, when the interest of the Sprattler estate was absorb- ed bv the company. Owing to the great scarcity of ice the consolidated company concluded to erect an ice plant and for thi- purpose a brick addition, s (| x'i^. was added to the brewery. In lliis building was placed a 50-ton ice ma- chine which has produced thirty tons of ice a day for some time, the ice being used by the various brewers, when they stood in need of any in addition to their respective ice plants, and is served to the customers of the consolidated company. The Graham Breweio oi 1111-. Paterson Consoli- dated Brewing Company. — Among the most experi- enced brewers in the State is Mr. James A. Graham. lie was employed in a brewery early in his life and learn- ed the business thoroughly in every department. Lor nine years he was superintendent of a large brewery in Pater- son anil in 1887 lie concluded to go into business for him- self, for this purpose he purchased a tract of land lying on Cedar street and running from Straight street to Ramapo avenue. This '.rave him a very desirable location, being in the centre of the city and adjoining the tracks of the New York, Lake Erie & Western railroad. On this he erected a substantial brewery having all the modern appli- ances and machinery. The building is three stories high, built of brick and has a frontage of 40 feet and a depth of IOO feet. The engine and boiler house is separate from the main building and its dimensions are 25x30 feel. The stable attached to the brewery is 40x60. All that was needed to make the project a success was a supply of pure water and this was obtained by the sinking of an artesian well. A number of v erv deep weilshad been previously sunk in various parts of the city and all had yielded an abundant supply of pure water, so that the sinking of the weli was not an experiment. Mr. Graham's business vvas a success from the start, just what his friends had antici- pated. He had the knowledge, the energy and the ni sai v business qualifications and was in possession of a well equipped brewery. The demand for the product of tin- brew erv at once taxed the resources to their fullest extent and there has not been an idle day at the establishment since it was started. In addition to a large home trade Mr. ( i rah a m soon built up a trade outside of the city until his ales and porter are well known throughout this part of the St iti . The Burton Breweri or 1111-: Paterson Consoli- dated Brewing Company. — No industry has ever met 214 / '. / / -I-IRSON, IL I. ( '.S 7 A . I TED. will re remarkable success than the industr) ofPhilip and Bernard Katz, who for a number of years conducted the brewing business under the firm name of Katz Broth- ers. Ii was more by accident than b) design thai the} em- barked in the brewing business but once engaged in it thej gave to ii all their energj and attention and the) soon ranked among the mosl successful and besl known brew- ing firms in the country. They began brewing in fuly, 18771 " u the corner of Godwin and Bridge streets, where their capacit) was twenty-five barrels per day. The onl) difficult) the) experienced was that they could not suppl) the demand for their product. While the) were contem- plating the erection of a new brewer) or looking for some wj\ iii which their establishment could be increased so as to meet all the demands made upon it the Burton brewery was offered for sale. This brewer) had been erected only a ver) few years; it stood on Straight and Governor streets and had been built b) the Burton Brewing Com- pany, an organization composed ol men of means who, however, had had very little experience in the particular line of business in which they found themselves engaged. Dissensions among the stockholders and other difficulties arose and the compan) finally resolved to go into liquida- tion. The) owned one of the fines! breweries in the State ; no expense had Keen spared in its erection and equipment, but even with all these advantages the business proved a failure and the compan) was glad to find a purchaser. A wonderful change came over the order of things when Kat/ Brothers took possession. They thoroughly under- stood the business in which the) were engaged and in place ol dissensions came perfect unity. Soon even this large brewer) became too small for the demand. It was purchased in 1882 and since then not a twelvemonth has passed that did no! see some material additions and im- provements. Their \\\ and Canada Malt Ale and other brands were in such demand wherever they had been in- troduced thai the firm soon found it necessar) to open stores in New York and other eities and their renown as brewers ceased being provincial or local and became na- tional, from all parts of the United Stalls came orders for Katz Brothers' ales and porters. Having met with this almost phenomenal success in the brewing of ales and por- tei they concluded in [888 to undertake the brewing of la- ger beer and for this purpose erected a substantial addition to their already large establishment. Their experience in the brewing ofbeer was a repetition of their previous ex- perience. From a small beginning in twelve years the Katz Brothers found themselves in possession of a business for which an English syndicate offered a round million oi dollars. Their brewery has a frontage of 200 feet on Straight street, 300 feet on Governor street and 300 feel on Harrison street: it has an annual capacity of 130,000 bai ids. There is one feature which has been remarkably prom- inent in this iii in and which has undoubtedly contributed a great deal towards their success and that is the unity in which the two members of the linn act together. They are both active and enterprising but the undertaking of one is always shared by the other. Their purposes are always combined and in the execution of them each lakes an ei share. Brotherly affection and unit) was never better ex- emplified than in the firm of Katz Brothers. Their mother aged S2, still active and cheerful, resides with them. 5fo ORTRAITS AND RESIDENCES. 217 JACOB V. ACKERMAN 218 ("RANK W. ALLEN. 219 JAMES BELL. 220 DE WITT C. BOLTON. 221 JOHN F. BUCKLEY. RESIDENCE Or MR. ROBERT BARBOUR. 223 — D o en DC < CD Li. O LU 'i CJ z HI Q CO LU cc ■ DC LU s s ID CO 224 225 JOHN J. BROWN. 226 RESIDENCE OF MR. CORNELIUS A. CADMUS. VIEW ON CARROLL STREET SOUTH FROM BROADWAY. 227 CORNELIUS A CADMUS. 228 > CD CO o re o > z Ld I U- O o z tu g 00 LU cc 229 HENRY B. CROSBY. 230 o o CO 111 < o z UJ ■ D H 1 CO LU / cr 1 i h I " »• / 231 < i \- cc UJ CD o QC HI I- < UJ I UJ O Q co 232 JOHN CHEYNE. 233 i JAMES CROOKS. 234 LU o o o < 5 LU o Q CO 235 Id I I- < LU cc LU > < d 5 O UJ o z CO UJ 236 ANDREW DERROM. 237 ROBERT M. EKINGS. 23S GEORGE M. ELLIOT. 239 SIDNEY FARRAR. 240 i- < o I H LU DC UJ X O z UJ g CO tu a. 261 REV. G. W. I. LANDAU. 262 ■^'-'/ : '::^i RESIDENCE OF MR. WILLIAM T. RYLE. 263 GEORGE W. LATIMER. ..■: • »: •- i . 1 i i ... ; cr < Q. W 9 H < 5 UJ > 265 < Q- UJ Q CO H < 5 HI 266 RESIDENCE OF MR. FRANCIS K. McCULLY. 267 FRANCIS K. McCULLY. 268 < z < CO l±J O z q co UJ lT 269 =i •£•■■ SAMUEL NATHAN. 270 JAMES W. McKEE. 271 FLORIAN OBORSKI. 272 RESIDENCE OF MR. WILLIAM NELSON. 273 WILLIAM NELSON. 274 k£ < cc o _l Ul 0. OC CO LU _l OC < I o UJ h < _i UJ I UJ O Z UJ 9 C/5 UJ CC 275 THE LATE CHARLES R. PELGRAM. 276 > < co < z I o en o z UJ Q CO LU K 277 ARTHUR B. PEARCE. 278 Q. < I UJ cc z I o U- o UJ o z UJ Q 281 JOHN REYNOLDS. 282 P. H. SHIELDS. 283 T. C. SIMONTON. 284 FRANCIS SCOTT. 285 S. S. SHERWOOD. o,si ; RESIDENCE OF MR. WILLIAM M. SMITH. VIEW ON ELLISON STREET EAST OF COLT STREET. 287 WILLIAM M. SMITH. 288 o z h IT 5 UJ o z u Q < < I < DC a o cc co LU < s a < O a: CQ 303 , II ) ', A BIT OF SCENERY NEAR HIGH BRIDGE. Biographical. >'-i|H mvAI; " T. Bell was born in Stanhope. N. J., on -y March 26, 1843. His family subsequently re- v . moved to Branchville, Sussex county, where he enjoyed the advantages of a district school. In 1860 he graduated at the Collegiate Institute in Newton, X. J. Early in his life lie showed an inclination for the business of banking and at the age of seventeen he entered the em- ploy of the bank at Hackettstown, N. J. With character- istic energy he devoted himself to the study of the theory as well as the practice of banking, and was rewarded by rapid advancement. In the spring of [864 he accepted the appointment of teller in the then Bank of Jersey City, now the Second National Bank of Jersey City. In the same year he was elected cashier of the first National Bank of Paterson, which was at that time reorganizing. llis practical knowledge of the details of the business made his selection a very fortunate one for the bank. In 1.N74 he severed his connection with the bank in order to engage in mercantile pursuits in New York city. He con- tinued as one of the directors of the bank, and in iSSj was elected vice president. In [883 he again entered the ac- tive service of the hauls, resuming the desk and duties he hail voluntarily relinquished several years before. During his mercantile career in New York he visited Europe on several occasions on important business connected with the firm of which he was a member. He was chairman of the New [ersey state commission to the Paris Exposition of 1878, and had charge of the arrangements fou the ban- quet tendered to General Grant. His relations with the Commissioner General of the United States were cordial and confidential, he being frequently entrusted with duties connected with the administration of the American section. Mr. Bell is well known as a man of public spirit, always reach and willing to assist in any movement tending to the ad\ ancement of Paterson. 1 1 is sen ices in connection with. the erection of the Church of the Redeemer were very valuable; as one of the Commissioners of Parks he has labored diligently and faithfully. He devotes considerable time to public affairs, in which he is warmly interested, and while always declining public office he is ever willing to aid by his advice and efforts every good cause which may prove of benefit to the people. 35 D1AV111 C. BOLTON was born June 16th. 1848, at Kahway. X.J. At four years of age he removed with his father to the City of Paterson. where he has continued to reside. At an early age he became an employee in a cotton factory. His father was superintendent and had very extensive experience in the manufacture of cotton fab- rics. But young Bolton, not satisfied with the limitations surrounding his position, resolved to enter upon a task at once more congenial to his taste and hopeful for the future. He began to study law. With the superb advantages that most students enjoy, the study of the law is the natural sequence following life at college and preceding life in the world. But with Mr. Bolton, it was different, indeed. His life was not flushed with such roseate tints. He studied law at night for two years and worked in the fac- tory during the day. Finally to the regret of' all with whom he daily worked, he gave up his employment to complete his studies in the office of his preceptor, prepar- atory to his application for admission to the bar. At the June term of the Supreme Court, 1881, he received his license to practice as an attorney-at-law, and three years later at the June term of the same court he was admitted to practice as a counsellor-at-law. Mr. Bolton is a Re- publican, and a very prominent member of his party in the county of Passaic. He served for main years upon the Executive Committee of the county. He was elected an Assemblyman in [S84, and again in [S85. His voice and vote were always with the right. He ranged himself with the people and the promises that he made before election he faithfully kept. He is remembered gratefully by all his old associates in the Assembly, for having injected into many a cold debate the warming influence of his wit. bmx (. Brown was born in New York city in [S17. When he was five years of age his parents removed from New York and settled in Paterson. where his father en- gaged in the grocery business. John J. attended school until he was thirteen years of age, when he became a clerk in a dry goods store. He went to New York in 1834 and effected an engagement as clerk with fames La Tonrette, at that time a noted manufacturer of furs and cloth caps. PA 7 ERSi. W, 1L 1. 1 r S TRA TED. in whose employ he continued for three years. In this employment he passed the winter of [836-7 in New Or- leans. When he returned t" New ^ ork in May, 1837, ' 1e found that his employei had failed, having gone down in the great financial storm of that year, which carried with it tin- United States banks, together with many of the large an I small establishments of the day. This failure prevent- ed him from entering into business for himself, as ho otherwise would have done, and he accordingly returned 1.1 Paterson. lie then again found employment as a clerk in a ilr\ goods store and a few years later succeeded to his father's grocer} business. IK- continued the latter until [S44, when he changed his vocation and embarked in the tli x goods business. This venture proved a very success- ful one and lie continued in il until 1 Si > - . At the close of his mercantile 1 areer lie had a large establishment on Main street, and had built up the most extensive business of the kin. I in the city, lie thin devoted his talents to larger cts ami became one of the most prominent men ol the city. His connection with the First National Bank, with the Savings Institution, with the Cedar Lawn Ceme- tery Company, with the Paterson and Passaic Horse Kail- load Company, and the large share of work which he has clone towards making Paterson one of the most flourishing cities in the country are told on other pages. \" impor- tant step has ever been taken in the improvement of the city without his valuable advice and assistance. When Paterson was organized Mr. Brown was chosen one of the members of the Hoard of Aldermen, anil he was re-elected to that position while absent in Europe. In 1S5-1 he was elected the first Mayor of the city, hut at the expiration of his term he persistently declined a re-election. During his Mavoralty he projected and carried out the measure tor paving tiie sidewalks, which before this time had been almost entirely neglected. It was also during his connec- tion with the city government that the first sewer was con- structed. In [S56 he was induced to accept the Republi- can nomination lor the Legislature and was elected. He served in the Assembly for one year and this closed his official career, as since that time he has invariably declined all offices which have been tendered to him. A recent writer says very properly of Mr. Brown: ••He is a tleman of very active, energetic temperament, syste- matic and practical in evervthing that he does, court and polite in demeanor to all and as a business man and bank director has no superior. His earnest spirit and good sense in executive management make him invaluable as a co-worker in all enterprise-. He avoids ostentation in every particular, and is as discreet and practical in all his tastes as he is reliable in his character. Socially he is noted tor his genial traits, kindness of heart and steadfast- ness in the discharge ol' all moral and religious duties." Jons F. P. was horn in Paterson on February', 2. in 1 _•. the second son ol e\-Mavor Benjamin Buckley. He was educated in the public and private schools of the city, and subsequently was employed in the Cooke loco- re works. At the breaking out of the war of the re- bellion he enlisted as private of Co. I . 2d Regiment, N. 1. Volunteers; after serving over a year he was transferred to Co. A. of the 11th Regiment of V I. Volunteers, of which company he was successn ely made Second Lieuten- ant, first Lieutenant and Captain, holding the latter posi- tion tin three years when he was honorably discharged. 1 le w a- wounded at the battle oft raines' Mill. Returning to Paterson at the close of the war he took an active inter- est in politics and in iNjowas elected a member of the Board ol Chosen Freeholders from the Fifth Ward; the ward was strongly Democratic hut Mr. Buckley's popular- ity not only overcame this but also gave him a handsome majority; in [872 he was again a candidate and was re- iki ted by an increased majority . At the expiration of his second term in 1 S 74 lie was by an almost unanimous vote of the following Board chosen Warden of the County fail, and he has held that office ever since, his popularity pre- venting others from aspiring to that position. Mr. Buck- ley has always been a Republican and an active worker tor the party's interests; for ten years he has Keen a mem- ber ol' the Republican County Committee and for four vears chairman of that organization. Corn] 1 11 s A. Caomi s was horn in Bergen county, X. ].. on October 7. 1844, and altera Common school educa- tion entered into mercantile business in New York city where for a number of vears he was a prominent produce merchant. lie took up his residence in Paterson when young, and has always been identified with the progress of the city. Unostentatious and of a pleasant disposition he made hosts of friends. He had always keen a Democrat hut kept aloof from public lite. In [8S3 he was induced to accept the Democratic nomination for assembly in the third district of Passaic county f , a district which had always ■_;iven a large Republican majority. Such was his pop- ularity that he easily overcame the Republican majority and defeated a popular antagonist. Alter serving one trim in the assembly he declined a leiioinination which was unanimously tendered him. In 1 S87 he was again in- duced to enter the political field and accepted the Demo- cratic nomination tin- sheriff of Passaic county. The county had elected a Republican sheriff three vears before by considerably over two thousand majority and had since that time given large majorities against the Democrats. ( )n the part of any other person the acceptance of t lie nom- ination would have keen foolhardy, especially as the Re- publicans were almost unanimous in the selection of their < tndidate. But Mr. Cadmus not onlv overcame the Republican majority hut was elected by a majority of [8S5. He is at present serving the last yeai of his term and there is no doubt that he will have the office a more popular man even than he was when he entered it. PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. ■< ■<- foHN Cheyne was born in Cooper, County Fife, Scot- land, on February i-. 1841, and at eleven years of age went to work in a flax mill. At fourteen years of age he was employed as hackle machine bo) in the mills of Cox Brothers, at Lochee, Dundee. In this establishment, which employed six thousand hands. Mr. Cheyne learned thoroughly the manipulation of the tlax fibre; he devoted himself diligently to a thorough knowledge of tlax manu- facture, working himself up from the humble position he had when he entered the employ of Cox Brothers to the position of assistant manager of the whole works. In the fall of 1S72, Xe\ ins & Co., of Boston, Mass., were in want of a skilled superintendent for their extensive works a1 Bethuen, Mass.. and they offered this position to Mr. Cheyne, having become satisfied that he of all others was the proper man for the place. Mr. Cheyne was according- ly induced to come to this country and for seven years he managed the mills at Bethuen. lie then formed the acquaintance of Mr. John Sloan, the president of the Dolphin Manufacturing Company of Paterson, and was induced to accept the position as general superintendent of these works. For eleven years he remained in this posi- tion, having only recently severed his connection with the Dolphin company. During the time that he was superin- tendent the mills were repeatedly enlarged under his per- sonal supervision. Mr. Cheyne is well known for his pleasant disposition, energy ami liberality. While super- intendent of the Dolphin mills he inaugurated a system by which the hands contributed weekly from their pay towards the maintenance of the two hospital- in Paterson, an honored custom which was subsequently adopted in a large number of the other industrial establishments in the city. Hexry I!. Crosby, whose portrait and a picture of whose residence are given on other pages, was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, in 1S15. He came to Paterson in [S37 and began a mercantile life. For nearly half a cen- turv he w.i- engaged in the grocery business, both whole- sale and retail, and was always regarded as one of the foremost business men of the city. In matters pertaining to the progress of the city Mr. Crosby held a similar posi- tion, being actively identified with nearly every movement that had tor its object the advancement of the cit\ of Pat- erson. He has been for a number of years president of the Cedar Lawn Cemetery Company, a director of the First National Bank and a prominent and ever active mem- ber of the Board of Trade. In politics Mr. Crosby has always been a Republican, and he was a delegate to the convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for Presi- dent. His own inclinations favored Mr. Seward, but when it become apparent that the party favored Mr. Lincoln Mr. Crosb) cast hi- vote for him. A number of years ago Mr. Crosby retired from active life as a business man. but he has ever continued solicitous of the city's welfare. In 1.SN4 he read before the Board of Trade a paper on public parks. impressions gathered during a recent trip through Europe : the result was an agitation which resulted in plai Paterson in possession of two tine parks. Mr. Crosby's residence on Broadway is one of the landmarks of the city; although now situated in the very, heart of Pater- son. the spot where it -lands was when he purchased it and began the erection of the building, a cornfield, [ts architecture was different from that of an) of the houses which had been erected in the city and people came main miles to -ee the structure in which Mr. Crosby proposed to to live. Andrew Derrom. — The ancestors of Col. Derrom on the male side are the deRomes of French Flanders, who settled near Manchester. England, earl) in 1600, and sub- sequently in Montreal and Quebec, Canada. For more than 200 years members of the family were in the military service of ( ireat Britain, notabl) in the Guards, Artillery, &c. One of his great grandfathers was one of Wolfe's grenadiers at the taking of Quebec. His father's grand- 1 was a volunteer under Lord Elliott at the great sie^e ol Gibraltar; his father was a volunteer from the Guards to a lighting line regiment, and saw much active service. On the mother's side the stock was pure i- shire. Anglo-Saxon sturdy, industrial yeomanry of the most industrial county in England. Col. Andrew Derrom was born on Nov. 30, [817, while hi- father w a- in the military service of the British gov- ernment. His parents were Richard and Mary (Winders) Derrom. the former of whom was born near Manchi England, and the latterat Leeds. Richard Derrom passed hi- life in the service of his country, spending a portion of the time in the army and at other times in the civil branch of the sen ice. Col. Derrom was the second of the six children who grew to the years, ,1' maturity. His earliest recollection- extend back to the year [820 or [S21, when his father was stationed on the isle of Malta, where important fortifica- tions were bei ructed. He remembers also having resided on the Isle of Corfu, and on thai of /ante, famous for the beauty and splendor of its gardens. When six years of age lie resided on the island of Cephalonia, at .Vi- lli, where he received his earliest instructions at a pri- vate school, and also special less. ms in writing at die mili- tary clerk's office of the department. Here also he re- ceived moral and religious instruction from Rev. Dr. Ken- nedy and wife, missionaries of the English church at whose house he was often accustomed to meet Lord Byron, who was on the island training his silver-bespangled Suliots for his descent on Greece. In [824 he was taken to England and attended a private school at Plymouth for some months, and subsequently received instruction at the gram- mar school of the same place. He next attended the grammar school attached to St. John's church. Glasgow, Scotland, and after that resided at different points in Ire- land, and finally at Londonderry, where his lather was PA TERSi W, II- 1 1 r S IK. 1 TED. stationed in the civil service, and where he attended Creighton's grammar school, situated on the Wall above « fovernor Walker's testimonial. For three years thereafter he was instructed by a private tutoi in connection with his brothers James and John, the former of whom is an architect and major of the Victoria Rifles in New Zealand, where the family finally located, and where both Richard Derrom ami his w ife died. After leaving Londonderry in [834, Col. Derrom went to Deal, England, where he studied higher mathematics with a friend — a branch of science in which he took great delight — ii being his intention i<> lit himself for the profes- sion of a civil and military engineer. He lefl Deal for the United States in August, [S36, and arriving in New York entered George Hayward's lithographic office in Nassau street, being an adept in drawing and coloring. In No- vember, 1S36, he was sent to Paterson to assist I'. S. Van Wagoner, the civil engineer, to lay out and prepare maps of the city and vicinity. He made the first map (if Pas- saic City also, for John Lloyd, an old resident of that place. In March, i s .i7- for the purpose of obtaining a practical knowledge of architecture, he apprenticed him- self in a carpenter and builder in Paterson, and after three years was placed in charge of the business. In 1844 he began business on his own account in Paterson, and car- ried on one of the largest building enterprises in the State until the breaking oul of the war in 1S61, when, owing to his early military education and his admitted executive ability, he was chosen chairman of the war committee to raise troops, and succeeded in filling the several quotas of soldiers without the necessity of a draft, in one instance within three weeks. In 1862 when President Lincoln called for "300,000 men and 300,000 more," making 600,- 000 in all, a draft was ordered if the quota was not filled In volunteers. Col. Derrom by energetic appeals to the patriotism of the people, seconded by his active personal exertions, succeeded in raising the quota for Paterson with- in three days. Failing in his efforts to have Passaic Comi- ty soldiers commanded by Passaic men. it was arranged to have a regiment formed composed of five companies from Paterson and five from the Southern section of New Jer- sey, of which he was unanimously elected colonel. He was mustered into the service of the United Mates on Sept. 39, [S62. In a few days he had the regiment- the Twenty-fifth New Jersey Infantry — in perfei and discipline, and proceeded to the seat of war in October following. On arriving at Washington he was appointed ommand a brigade of Vermont, Massachusetts and New Jersey troops; but expressing a desire to do dutv with his own regiment, many of whom had been indu to enlist by him, he resumed his duty as colonel. The regiment performed valuable service in the field, and par- ticipated in a number of important engagements. At the battle of Fredericksburg, after the day was really lost, the regiment, with Col. Derrom at ii- head, was the only one to advance to the enemy's work- at die time, and the ni-ht being dark was controlled by Lhe whistle-calls of it- leader alone. Throughout the entire service in the field Col. Derrom earned the warm approval and indorsement ofhis superior officers, and performed hi- duties in a soldierly and successful manner. His engineering talents came into active play upon the occasion of the attack oi Longstreel upon Suffolk, Va., in 1S63, when within eight hours loads were built and bridges constructed over Broer's Creek un- der his supervision and direction, preventing a detour of live mile- ami bringing the troop- on the Nansemond river into close and lapid communication with each other and with Suffolk, contributing essentially to the successful ter- mination of the siege. After lhe expiration of the regular term of service. Col. Derrom returned to Paterson, expecting to rejoin the armv with his regiment reorganized as veterans ; hut he found hi- private business affairs in such a disastrous condition that it wa- necessary tor him to remain at home and look after (he interests of hi- family. Within three years he restored his business, paid all indebtedness, and employed from four to live hundred men. lor years he had one ol the largest building enterprises in the country, and many of the manufacturing, public and private buildings in Pat- erson were erected by him. including Such structure- as the Dale, Arkwright, Empire, Waverly and franklin mills. In many of the factories of the city, after the adop- tion of the tariff provisions ol' [842, he designed and built the machinery with the assistance of expert mechanics, lie was the first in the United States to make complete sec- tional buildings that could he built in one place and trans- ported to another and put up. and received a bronze medal from the American Institute Fairin i^>j for his mechanic- al genius, and in [872 both a silver and specialgold medal from the New Jersey Slate Fair at Waverly. In [S70, having acquired a handsome competency, he retired from active business and established the Derrom Building Com- pany, putting in seventy-five thousand dollars of hi- capi- tal and adding more from time to time. The corporate enterprise was at first verv successful, hut owing to the approaching business depression, signs of which had al- ready begun to appear, it met with subsequent disasters, and finally collapsed. Even at this critical time Col. Der- rom did not hesitate to I il • <>\ hi- private mean- lo liqui- date the indebtedness ol tin- concern. He was subsequent- ly invited to goto i. aracas, Venezuela, where he estab- lished large construction shop- on the American system, and tilled lhe position of supervisor and architect for near- ly lour years. lie returned in iN~o. ami i- now with his son, Andrew Derrom. Jr., in business as supervising arch- itects in Paterson. Besides his success as a mechanical engineer and as a commanding officer of brave soldiers in the field, Col. iin has been since his first residence in Paterson. one of it- most active ami useful public men. and has been Iv identified with main of the improvements and in- stitutions of the city, lie was instrumental in establish- ing People's Park on Madison avenue, and in developing other sections of the city. I pon the first organization of PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. 309 the municipal government of Paterson, he was elected al- derman from the West ward, and took a prominent part in perfecting the city government. lie drew most of the ordinances, and his services were especially valuable in the arranging and correcting of street grades and lines. He was elected to serve a second term in the Board from the same ward. In 1853 he was chosen President oi the City Council of Paterson as an independent candidate, a position that was equivalent to Mayor, and in which only two others had preceded him. viz. : fudge Philemon Dick- erson and Charles Danforth. During his administration of municipal affairs, taxes were light, expenses small, and the debt of the city not only reduced, but a balance left in the treasury. In the spring he was appointed the first President of the Board of Education and Superintendent •of Public Schools. He was the founder, organizer and ■developer of the present Free Public School System in Paterson, giving it the highest tone and perfecting the sys- tem, lie remained with the Board of Education tor live years. (1S54— 5— 6-7-8,) and so thorough were the public schools that private schools could not be sustained against them. Col. Derrom has also been actively connected with other local institutions of Paterson; was the first vice president of tlie savings bank and of the Passaic water company. He was married in 1842 to Elizabeth Yrecland. a representative of some of the first settlers of Paterson. The children have been four in number, viz. : Andrew, lames A.. Mary L., wife of Casiano Santana. a banker of Caracas. Venezuela, and Elizabeth M. X. Derrom. Miss Jennie L. Derrom. is an adopted daughter, and occupies a cherished place in the household of which she forms a part. George G. Halstead, Director of the Board of Cho- sen Freeholders, was the son of William E. Halstead. one of the veterans of the war of the rebellion who died in 1S63 in consequence of wounds received at the battle of Chancellorsville, \'a. His mother came from Poughkeep- sie. X. Y.. and died in iSj<-t. Mr. Halstead was born in Fair street, in this city, on the 12th of July, 1S46, and first went to school to Miss Halstead in the old Congregational church in Market street. Prom there he went to the pub- lic school in Division street until the public school in Van Houten street was completed ; here he attended until he had passed through the highest class. He was then only thirteen years of age and went to work in Grant's locomo- tive works, where he was employed four successive years. Then he took up the studj of surveying and has devoted himself to that work ever since. Mr. Halstead wasalways a student, ami tew persons in Paterson know more of the details of the early history of their native home than does Mr. Halstead. Poi seven years he was judge of election in the first district of the Fourth Ward, and for five years a justice of the peace, his court being always given the preference by litigants who desired to have their cases set- tled without appeal to a higher tribunal. In 1 S.S z he was elected a member of the Board of Freeholders from the Fourth Ward and he has since served that ward in the Board. In 1888 he was the unanimous choice of the members of the Board for Director, a position to which he- has since been re-elected and which he still holds. John T. Hilton was born in Oldham. Lancashire, England, though he is a thorough American in all his in- stincts. He came here when a mere child, in i.S^r. when Paterson had started out as a bab\ city, and he has been identified with the city, with a brief interval ever since. At the age of ten he left school to go to wink for the late John Kyle in the old Gun mill, afterwards working in the Murray mill. After two or three years at silk, he tried stripping tobacco for Allen & Reynolds, but not liking that branch of industry, he tried steel wire making for the old style oi' hoop skirts, with Robert Crossland in Mulberry street. lie drifted into the Paterson Intelligencer office in Van Houten street as a printer's "devil," but the proprie- tor, Joseph Warren, dying soon afterwards, the son. Will- iam Warren, and A. P>. Woodruff formed a partnership and removed the paper to the Woodruff building in Main street and named the new issue the Independent Demo- crat. But the young "devil" made it too warm for the other occupants of the office, and after a narrow escape from firing the building they concluded they could publish the paper without his assistanc :e. A winter at school fol- lowed the escapade, and in the spring following lie conclu- ded to try an apprenticeship as tinsmith, coppersmith and brass-smith with Nathaniel Lane of Van Houten street. But neither that nor storekeeping for Mr. Lane seemed to satisfy the taste of voting Hilton. Another winter at school, where he wished to stay but his parents were too poor to keep him. and then he tried a cotton mill, carrying filling and bobbins in the old Duck mill in Boudinot, now Van Houten street. In the spring of 1S60 he became a bound apprentice to Danforth & Cooke to learn the ma- chine business, where he remained until lie enlisted in September. 1862, in the company that was incorporated with the 2^th X. }. Volunteers. Alter the battle of Fred- ericksburg, Mr. Hilton was promoted to mounted order!} and was detached at Brigade Headquarters where he re- mained until just before the regiment came home in 1S63. ( )n his return home he worked in New York and Jersey Cit\ at machine work, finishing his trade in the latter city in the Atlantic and Great Western Locomotive Works as a locomotive builder. For three winters while working in Jersey City, he attended the draw inn' am ' mathematical classes in Cooper Union, and laid the foundation for his present profession which he kept in view. He came back to Paterson in [866, where his parents resided, and where he bail retained a legal resilience, to make silk spooling frames for Thomas Wriglev. Work becoming slack there. he (bitted to Grant's Locomotive Works, but the pay not being equal to the work he considered he could do. he started to canvass for Greeley's ••American Conflict." and 3'° TERSON, ILLUSTRATED. attended public s< hool No. i :ill winter under the special instruction of principal Uosford. This ended his career with Paterson's industries. He had tried about all of them. In February, 1867, he engaged as an assistant with John II. Goetschius, civil engineer and surveyor, thus reaching the profession he had been drifting to. He was with Mr. Goetschius until the fall of [869, when he engaged with Col. Derrom to map the east side of Paterson. In [S70 he engaged with the late A. A. Fonda, in whose service he continued until the summer of [S71, when he was of- fered .1 good position in Greenville, Hudson county, with II. E. Betts. In less than two months Col. Derrom in- duced Mr. Hilton to return to Paterson as surveyor of the Derrom Lumber, Land and Building Company. On Mr. Fonda's election as city surveyor in 1S72, he engaged Mr. Hilton as first assistant, and to take charge of the city sur- veyor's office, lie retained that position until 1S7S. when he was appointed engineei "I the now sewer districts, and on Mr. Fonda's death a fev\ months afterwards, he was appointed city surveyor. He held that office until the spring <>f 1 SS p when his unflinching opposition to "jobs" in his department, and e i 1 \ affairs, caused his defeat. The following extract from the Paterson I)ail\ Press of April 30, [SS4, sums up the cause and effect in this case : "A great main people will regret to see Mr. Hilton no longer city surveyor. Mr. Hilton has been one of the fin- est city officers the city ever had. He is intelligent and understands his business in ever} particular. Under lus administration the most important improvements in the cit} were carried through successfully, and the fact that Mr. Milton had charge of a piece of work was a guaran- tee that it would be done in a thorough manner. He has displayed more backbone than any man who ever entered the City Hall, and it is just this supply of backbone that has lost him his position. He always insisted on contract- ors living up to the very letter of their contracts, and every- thing had to be done as Mr. I lilton thought the best inter- ests of the city demanded it should be done. On this ac- count he made a great many enemies, especialh among the contractors and the furnishers of supplies to contract- ors, for it was very seldom that an important piece of work was undertaken but Mr. I lilton Stopped the contractor oil account of some violation oi the provisions of the contract. Generall} he was supported by the Committee on Streets and Sewers, but oi late the committee has sided somewhat with the contractors, and in the construction of improve- ments materials have been used which Mr. Hilton did not approve of. The contractors made a combination against Mr. Hilton, and the result is that a most efficient public servant is ousted from an important office. Main persons d this action on the part of the Aldermen as a wi\ serious mistake, and some are very loud in their express- i' ms of indignation." At the time Mr. Hilton was appointed cit} surveyor, he 1 partnership with Leslie S. Menger, and on his retirement from the city Surveyorship he continued the business of the firm at their present stand, town clock building. In [SSS the firm made a contract with the' borough of Rutherford, Bergen county, to make a new assessment map of that municipality, which necessitated the survey of the w hole place. They completed their contract in [890 in a thorough and satisfactory manner, besides doing all the i ugh's engineering work during that period, and have latch made a contract to make grade maps tor Union township. Bergen county. Mr. Hilton was one of the original 1'aterson Light Guard, and is the onl} officer of iK successor — the first Battallion -that was an officer of that organization, except Chaplain Shaw. He was elect- ed Second Lieutenant. Compan} P>. in tin- Light Guard; was re-elected to that position on the organization being mustered into the State service, and resigned in [883. He was appointed Adjutant of the First Battalion 1»\ Major Congdon, on Dec. ^. iSS^, by the unanimous desire of all lhecaptains.au honor which Mr. Hilton has always ap- pi eciated. Garret A. Hobart, was born at Long Branch. X. ] .. on fune 3, [S44. Aliei a c m.in school education he was sent to Rutgers College, where he graduated in 1863; shortl} afterwards he entered the law office of Socrates futile ill Paterson and was admitted to the practice of the law in rS66; three years later he was licensed counselor at law. He was appointed Cit} Counsel ol" Paterson in May, 1 N 7 i : alter holding the office for one year hi- was appointed counsel for the Board of Freeholders ; in 1872 he was elected a member of the Assembly and declined a re-election to the office ot Counsel to the count\ board. In r S73 he was again elected to the assembl} and was chosen Speaker. In 1 S 7 ^ he declined a re-election to the assem- bly and in the following year was elected senator from Passaic county, in [S79 he was re-elected to the senate, this time b} 1S99 majority, the largest majority ever given a candidate in Passaic connt\ up to that time. He was President ol' the Senate in 1 SS 1 and iSNj. In j,s-_j he was appi inted receiver ot the New Terse} Midland railroad company and managed the affairs ol' the bankrupt concern so successfllll} that lie paid a dividend to tin- unsecured creditors. When the company was reorganized In- was unanimousl} elected president hut resigned in a tew mouths on account ot more pressing engagements. He- was also receiver ol the Montclair railroad and the Jersey Cit\ and Albany railroad. In tSSo he was appointed iver of the bankrupt first National Hank of Newark. and b} the excellent judgment and energ} l>\ means of which he lias attained to the distinguished position he- holds in the nation in six months had its affairs substan- tially closeel up and the- depositors paid in lull. In [SSo he was elected chairman of the Republican State- Com- mittee- and has continued in that position ever since. In 1 ss 1 he- was chos L -n member of the Republican National Committee and he has continued in that position ever PA TERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. 3" since. He is counsel for a large number of manufacturing and other corporations. * * * John Hopper. President Judge of the Orphans' Court and the Courts of General Quarter Sessions, the Special Quarter Sessions and the Common Pleas of Passaic coun- ty, is a descendant of a family who were among the oldest settlers in New Jersey. lie was horn on March 2. 1814, on the homestead farm of his father in the township of Lo- di, in Bergen county, his parents being John J. and Maria (Terhune) Hopper. His father, who died in 1833, was a successful and enterprising farmer during his lifetime. His farm, comprising about three hundred acres, extended from PolliHv to Saddle River, and was occupied by his second son. Jacob, until his death in iNSi,. The subject of this sketch was the sixth of nine children, lie was brought up on the homestead farm and received his early education at the old Washington Academy. Hackensack, and at the Lafayette Academy, of the same place. He was prepared for college under the Rev. John Croes, who conducted a classical school in Paterson, and by Thomas McGahagan, at the old academy at Bergen Town, now Hudson City. He entered the sophomore class of Rutgers College, New Brunswick, X. J., in [830, and three years later was graduated from that institution, dividing the sec- ond honor of his class with Robert II. Pruyn, of Albany, subsequently minister to Japan. Since 1851 he has been one of the Trustees of Rutgers. Alter his graduation he entered upon the studs of the law in the office of Govern- or Peter D. Vroom, in Somerville, N. J., and remained there two years. He completed the study of the law in the office of Elias D. 15. Ogden, in Paterson. and on Sep- tember 3, 1836, he was licensed by the Supreme Court at Trenton as an attorney at law and solicitor in Chancery. On February J7. 1S40. he was licensed a counsellor at law. He had already, November 10, 1836, formed a partner- ship with his preceptor at Paterson and the firm of Ogden & Hopper did a successful business until the senior mem- ber of the firm was elevated to the bench of the Supreme Court. Mr. Hopper continued the business of the firm, and in 1S69 took his son Robert I. into partnership with him. He has been called repeatedly to fill public posi- tions and has discharged the duties of office with uniform fidelity and success. lie was town counsel of Paterson from 1843 to 10)47: surrogate of Passaic county for two successive terms, 1S45— 55 ; counsel to the Hoard of Chosen Freeholders from iNsS to [864, and prosecutor of the pleas of Passaic County from [863 to 1868, and again from 1N71 to 1S74. He served as State Senator from Passaic County from e86S to 1871, and again from 1874 to 1 S 7- — . In March, 1877. Governor Bedle appointed him Judge of the District Court of Paterson and he continued in that office until January 8, [880, when he resigned that office and was appointed by Governor Abbett to the office he holds at present, which was then vacant. He was re-appointed by Governor Green, March 15, 1S87, and on April 1, 1NS7, for the full term of five years. He was appointed one of the advisory masters in Chancery in [879, by Chancellor Runyon, and has held a number of other positions inciden- tal to his profession. Judge Hopper was married on June 16. [S40, to Mary A . daughter of the late Robert Imlay. a former merchant of Philadelphia. Fifty years afterwards he celebrated bis golden wedding in the same house in which he had been married, and which had been his residence tor halt a cen- tury ; the occasion was one which brought together a large number of the most prominent men of the State Six of his children are living, viz.: John II., surviving partner of the silk manufacturing firm of Hopper & Scott; Rob- ert Imlay, a partner of his father; Mary A., widow of Frank W. Potter, late United States Consul to Marseilles; James Burling, residing in Paterson, Miss Caroline Im- lay. and Margaret Imlay, wife of John J. Boyd, now re- siding in Erie, Pa. As might have been expected from his Hutch ancestry. be was one of the earliest members of the Holland Socie- ty of New York, having been chosen in 1886, and since 1889 has been one of the vice presidents of that society. Before he was entitled to a vote, and ever since, he has been an active member of the Democratic party, serving on the State Committee many years, and has repeatedly represented New Jersey in the National Conventions of his party. During the entire time that Judge Hopper was engaged in the practice of his profession he was recognized as a lawyer of ability, not only well read, but possessed of those mental faculties that conduce to the attainment of success. He was engaged in a large number of the most important cases tried in the state courts, and he brought to the discharge of his professional duties a certain urbanity of manner, combined with an incisiveness of thought and a clearness of exposition that almost uniformly led to de- cisions in favor of his clients. He has always been recog- nized as one of the foremost lawyers of the State. As a legislator he earned laurels which might well excite the envy of his fellows, and would undoubtedly have done so towards a person less popular than Senator Hopper. His elevation to the bench was hailed by all not only as a rec- ognition of the eminent services he had rendered his party but as a just tribute to the man who had done so much to- wards maintaining the dignity of his profession by an ever sraightforward course. As a judge of the county courts he has gained the respect of all and the gratitude especially of the younger members of the bar. whom he is ever ready hv means (it kind words and advice to direct into the prop- er paths so familiar to himself. Robert 1. Hopper, son of Judge John Hopper, was bom in Paterson in 1845, graduated at Rutgers college in 1S66, was admitted to the bar as an attorney at law in [869 and licensed as a counsellor at law in 1872. He has prac- tised law in Paterson since 1869 and has never held any 312 PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. public office except that of Counsel to the Board of Free- holders of Passaic Count} to which dike- he was appoint- ed in 1885, and which office he still holds. M \ki\i s Houman, ;i prominent architect oi Paterson, was born in Goedereede, Holland, on December -•-•. [S4S, and arrived in this country on October 7, ' s 5 |- At nine years of age he went to work in Hie Lodi print works and for eighteen years he worked as a carpenter in various parts ol the country. In [S76 he went to South Amei'ica, where he was employed for some time hv Colonel Andrew Derrom and subsequentlj by the Ledgerwood Manufac- turing Companj of New York; he then started into busi- ness for himself and was very successful. He returned to Paterson in 1S80, and having acquired a thorough knowl- edge of the trades of carpenter, millwright and steam lit- ter by practical application, he studied drawing in the evening schools of Paterson under Professor ]. G. A. My- er. lie then opened an office for himself as an architect and has been eminently successful. Anion;,; the mure promi- nent buildings he has designed and the erection of which he superintended are the following: The residences of Messrs. J. A. Van Winkle. E. I'ilield. I'. T. May. Fred- erick Harding and Joseph Savary; the Market street M. E. church parsonage, the O'Shea building on the corner of Market and Straight streets, the factor} of die Paterson Ribbon Company, the hard rubber factory at Butler, X.J. His practical knowledge of every detail necessary in the erection of a building, has assisted him materialh in his profession, and his business has increased to such an ex- tent that he is compelled to employ several assistants al- though he personally looks alter every part of all work entrusted to him. Thomas 1). Hoxsey, who died in the spring of iSSi, was for nearly half a century one of Paterson's most pic- turesque landmarks. At the time of his death there were few citizens who did not know, and none who had not heard of his striking personality. Tall and erect, strong niorall) and physically, energetic and quick, there are lew lives about which more ol local reminiscence clings or which were longer and more closely identified with the prosperity of the city. llie "General," a- he was afterwards familiarly called from an office he held in the old Slate Militia, was the son of a Massachusetts farmer and first came to Paterson in die year [833. lie obtained employment as clerk in a dry Is --tore anil, being simple and economical in his habits, he saved enough from his salary in a lew years to start a business of his own. in this In- made a comfortable tune and about 1 847 he left the dry goods business and engaged in cotton manufacturing. In this, however, he was not successful and in [S59 he failed. Meanwhile be had been preparing himself for the proles-ion in which he was afterward to make a name and he devoted himself exclusively to the practice of the law. politics and real estate speculation. His old friends --till tell main stories of his pertinacity and pugnacity in legal contests. He had a penchant for taking up cases which others bail aban- doned and was never more in his element than when fight- ing some monopolistic corporation. From the beginning ol his career General Hoxsey always took a warm interest in politics and his outspoken expressions ol his opinions on all occasions made him mam' friends as well as some enemies. First a Whig, he be- came disgusted with that party's attitude on the slavciv question and in iSj.S allied himself with the free Soilers and was a prominent member of the Buffalo convention. That was the commencement of the Republican party and the General predicted at the time that a party had been bom which would rule the country tor years. Jn 1849 he was elected to the Assembly on a Temperance piatform with Democratic support and in 1850 he was re-elected. In [S52 he was elected to the State Senate by the Democrats, and. carrying the issue of the campaign to a successful con- clusion he became the father of the ten hour law in New Jersey. During the Fremont campaign he came out a- a Republican and was an active and influential member of that party up till 1876 when he joined the Greenbackers and became their candidate lor Governor of the Mate, receiving over 5,000 votes. In 1SS0 he ran again but the improvement in the times had affected the ( ii ecu back show- ing and he received a smaller vote lor a number of years in the 6o's he was Count} Clerk ol Passaic County and aftei that he was I". S. Register in Bankruptcy. Socially the General diffused about him the very essence of good fellowship, while his home was the center of a genial constant hospitality that knew no bounds. In all that he undertook he made and maintained a reputation for probity, intrepidity, manliness and magnaminit) not always parts ol' so positive and forceful a nature. Throughout In- life he was the friend of laboring men and of his fellow citizens, regarding them not a- mere factors in a political contest but as brothers with opinions fobs regarded and rights to be enforced ; and second onlv to hi- patriotic love <>i In- i nv was his pride in the town ol his residence and hi- interest in all its public improvements. Rugged and erratic, gentle and tender, fierce and aggres sive, genial and courteous; the vcrv contradictions ol his character combined to make '"v profession. lie has lived in Paterson since he was about two years old. While Mr. Kerr does a general law business he makes a specialty of patent law and has his offices in the Paterson National Bank on Market street. He was educated at Scion Hall College, N J . from which he graduated in June, iS;i>. On July 5th. 1876, he entered the law office of the late II. A. Williams (ex-Senator ot Passaic Count} ) as a law stu- dent. He was admitted to the bar ol New Jersey at the November term, 1879, as an attorney, ami three years later as a counselor. His services as a political speaker have always been sought for, and in every campaign since [S76 he has advocated the cause of Democracy. In November, iSSq, he was elected a member ot the Legislature ol New Jersey from the Second District of fassaic County The district, composed of the. Second and Seventh Wards of the City of Paterson and the Township of Little Falls. 3'4 PATERSON, ILLUSTRA TED. was a close one, and againsl ;i strong and popular oppo- nent it was a hoi though friendly contest, and Mr. Kerr received a plurality of 65 votes over the Republican can- didate. During the session of the Legislature of [890 he served on some ol the most important committees, viz.: Judiciary, Bill Revision, Elections and the Joint Commit- tee on Ballot Reform. On the floor he earned for himself the reputation of a good debater. He had never before that held any political office. declined, preferring to follow his business as funeral direc- tor in which he engaged al the expirati I his term of office as sheriff. He has two sons, one a rising young lawyer and the other associated in business with himself. Thai Mr. McKee i~ one of the mosl popular men in the count) need not be told; the people declared that em- phatically when he ran lor office. IK- enjoys the esteem ol everybody and his position and reputation have been eai ned by his own effoi ts. C> iaki.es M • Kim.. Surrogate of Passaic County, was born in this city on Augusl 30, 1849 lie attended Public Scl 1 No. s. and subsequently the Adelphic Milium In Stitute at New Milford, Conn. lie then learned the trade of machinist, but in [S71 he became a clerk in the Surro- gate's office and served during the two terms of Surrogate Isaac Van Wagoner. In [883, when Mr. Henry McDan- olds was Surrogate, Mr. King was appointed Deputy Sur- rogate, being the first to hold that position in this county. In 1S85 he was the Republican nominee lor Surrogate anil was eleeted by a large majority, his popularity being so great that the Democrats made no nomination against him. * * James VV. McKee was born in Hoboken, X. ].. on October 24, 1840, and his parents removed to Patei on n he was but a little over two weeks old. I [ere he passed his childhood and received his education. At an early age he evinced a musical talent which when subsequently de- veloped gave him a widespread reputation as a tenor and resulted in his connection with a number of the foremost musical organizations which have traveled through this country. His first professional appearance was made in 1"> klyn, N. Y.. where he scored an instantaneous suc- cess which resulted in his engagement with Hoolev & Hawkshurst's combination. Then he became a member ol Josh Hart's company, in which Harrigan and Halt Ih-t made their reputation. Subsequently he joined the Ber- ger Sisters and Sol Smith Russell organization and his sweet and powerful tenor won unstinted applause from audiences and the press all over the country, and it is also pleasing to note that his pecuniary reward was liberal. Among the most celebrated of his songs was "Over the Hills to the Poor House." w 1 it ten for him by Mi . George L. Catlin, at present United States consul to Zurich. Having grown tired of the stage Mr. McKee went into business in Paterson where his genialty and man) sic qualities made him deservedly popular. In iS.Sj he en- tered the poind arena and was elected a member of the Board of Chosen freeholders; in the following sear he was chosen Directoi In the fall of 1 SS j he was nomin- ated for sheriff on the Republican ticket and elected b) 1 majority, the largest majority Passaic countv ever gave any candidate. H- his been frequently spoken of since in connection with other offices hut has persistently Leslie S. Mi \ci k. a civil engineer and surveyor, was horn in the city of New York on January 4, [848. He obtained his early education in the public schools of the metropolis, graduating with the highest honors from school No. 35 in West Thirteenth street .After a course in the I ree Academy, now the free College of New York, he evinced a liking tor engineering and entered the emplo) of John Roach & Son. of the Etna Iron Works, and remained there two years under the instruction ol the late Erastus W. Smith, the consulting engineer of the firm. For some time after this he was employed by the Qilintard Iron Works, but he soon found that indoor emplo) ment did not agree with him. Alter a severe illness he removed from Xew York to Newfoundland, Morris countv. X. J., and there became a member of the engineering corps of the New Jersey Midland railroad company. lie was subsequently transferred from that division of the road to Paterson, to which place he removed in |S(><). He continued in the em- ploy ol the railroad compani until the tall oi [S71 when he entered the office of the late A. A. Fonda City Surveyoi ol Paterson. He remained with Mr. Fonda until the hitter's death in 1S77 when he associated himself with Mr. John T. Hilton and formed the linn of Hilton & Menger. While in Mr. Fonda's employ he was entrusted with a good deal of difficult work ; his natural talents and the experience he had gained were made use of be the citv of Paterson which employed him tor nine years as engineer of the sewer dis- tricts He mapped out a large p ntion of the present sewer svstem of the citv. and his work has been of inestimable value to both the city and the pi operty owners. Among the more prominent works hi' had charge of as civil engin- eer and surveyor are the new leservoir of the Passaic Water Company, the spur ol the New York, Susquehanna & Western railroad company, proposed water basins for the East Jersey Water Company and the grounds of the Northern New |eiscv fair Association. William Xi i son is a lawyer of Paterson with a spec- ial fondness for difficult cases, especially those involving research into the histmv of the law and into the history of land titles in Passaic county Probably no lawyer in Xew Jersey has drafted as many oi the existing laws (1 | the State. I lis first important effort ol' that kind was the draft- ing of t lie city charter of Paterson, in 1S71 , which was en- tirety his work, and which was so broaolv and elaslically PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. 3,5 framed that it lias met the requirements of the city with most active members of the finance committee which has very little change for twenty years. Hundreds of other raised nearly $40,000 for a new hospital, and is a member statutes relating to State. County and municipal adminis- of the buildirg committee charged with the erection of tration, and to subjects of the widest variety, have been the contemplated structure, now under way. He is a drawn by him, and they have hrcn so perspicuously and trustee of the Pennington Methodist Episcopal Seminary skilfully framed that in few instances have the courts been located at Pennington, X. J. invoked to interpret them, and in those cases their consti- When these multifarious duties are out of the way, which tutionalitv has been invariably sustained. This class of is accomplished by unremitting application, untiring in- work has been very useful to him in his practice, making dustry, and systematic arrangement of Itis business, Mr. him constantly familiar with the changes in the laws. He Nelson seeks relaxation in literary work, to which end. as is counsel for a number of corporations and estates. well as for the gratification of his tastes in that direction. Mr. Nelson has always taken a great interest in politics, he has fitted up at his attractive residence. No, 28S Broad- and in August, 1865. when but eighteen years of age, he way (which is pictured on another page), a handsome li- made, alone, a tour of Passaic county, for the purpose of brary, where are massed together nearl\ ^,000 volumes in organizing Republican clubs. For many years thereafter all departments of literature, of all times and in manv lan- he took a very active part in the campaigns of his party, guages, besides which he has 4,000 or 5,000 more in other being secretary of the county committee for manv years, parts of his house, making altogether one of the largest subsequently a member of the committee, and in other and most valuable private libraries in New Jersey, espec- ways influential in the party management. In April, ially rich in works on American, particularly New Jersey, 1S68, when but a tew weeks more than twenty-one years history, on Mormonism, occult science, and out-of-the-way of age. he was elected a member of the Board of Educa- literature, some interesting specimens of incunabula, print- tion from the Second ward, and re-elected in 1S69 for two ed as carh as 1471, and a very large collection of manu- years. During his three years of service in that bodv no scripts and unique documents and autographs of persons member was more active and indefatigable than he in de- distinguished in liteiature and history, the accumulation of veloping and improving our public school system, for years, and the gatherings of his travels in America, Cana- which work he was specially fitted, not only by education da and Europe. Mr Nelson is Corresponding Secretary but by experiance as a teacher, having taught iu country of the New Jersey Historical Society, and is one of the schools at South Orange and Connecticut Farms in 1S64 editors of the New Jersey Archives, published under the and 1865, and in a large German-English school in New- direction of that Society. He is a member of the New ark in 1S64, when but seventeen years old. In [876 he York Geneological and Biographical Society, of the Amer- w as one of the official reporters of the Republican Nation- ican Archaeological and Numismatic Society, of the Medi- al Convention at Cincinnati, and was Recording Secretary co-Legal Society <>t New York, of the Congres Interna- of the Republican National Convention at Chicago tionale des Americanistes. and of other literary and scien- in 1888. and was the first officer of that conven- tific societies. He has managed to find time to publish a tion to announce to General Harrison the next day, number of legal, historical and Hographical monographs, at Indianapolis, his nomination for the Presidency. some of which have attained a wide reputation. He has Of late years his increasing practice has constrained the largest collection of material extant for a history of him to take a less active part than formerly in politics, but Paterson, which it is expected that lie will some da) pub- his influence and counsel are still in request in city, court- lish. tv. district and state. * In addition to attending to his large and growing prac- tice, Mr Nelson finds time to fulfil the exacting duties of Fi.oriax Oborski was born in Warsaw, Poland, on Clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of the County of April 20, 1840. He graduated from the college of his Passaic, an office he has filled since 1S7 1 . 1>\ annual election, native place, where he also received his first musical edu- and except two or three times, by the unanimous vote of the cation. Early in life he evinced a taste lor muse and took Board, so usetul has he made himself to the members, who pait first as alto and subsequently as baritone in a 1111111- alvvavs find him prompt, attentive and obliging. His her of oratorios and cantatas rendered in his native eitv. knowledge of county affairs, b\ reason of his long connec- Having devoted a great deal of time to the Study of the tion with the Board and his constant study of legislation piano and organ, he was made the organist of a large affecting counties, is of great service to the Freeholders. musical organization and was subsequently appointed ac- Ile is also a Director of the Paterson Mutual Building companist in the Warsaw Musical Society. \V hile acting ami Loan Association, with which he has been connected iu this capacit) his polonaise for grand orchestra was s L 4- since its organization in 1878. He is a Trustee and an ected as a part of the programme of a concert given under Elder of the First Presbyterian church, and is an active the direction of the celebrated Moniuszko. Having corn- member of the Hoard ot Trade. He has served for sever- plcted his musical education he came to this country in al years as a member of the Advisory Board of Managers 1872, and alter giving a few concerts in New York and of the Paterson General Hospital, ami has been one of the Brooklyn accepted the directorship of St. Cecilia's Societ\ . 3 16 PA TERSON, I I.I.I 'SIR. 1 TED. In May, 1S74 , he was appointed organist of the First Pres- Arthur Brkam Pj \i:< i was born in the year 1S45, at byterian church of Paterson, succeeding Mr. Percy Goet- Stockwell, a suburb of I. mi, Ion. and came to this country selling. Mr. Oborski's advenl to Peterson was ut\ for- at an early age. He engaged in business in New York tunate lor the interests of music in this city. Winn In- City for :i short time prim- to settling in Paterson lie arrived here little had Keen done in the field of music ; lew was first employed in the drawing office of the New fersey concerts or musical entertainments worthy of note had been Locomotive and Machine Company, afterwards the ( Jrant given, ami it so. ,n became apparent that Paterson needed Locomotive Works, and, attracting the attention oi Mr. I >. some such person as Mr. Oborski. Ilis ability and 1>. Grant, who then managed the works, was offered and talents were recognized at once and he became the center accepted a position in h s office, where he remained until oi everything that was new or classic in music The im- the failure oi the works in 1874. lie was then employed petus thus given to music resulted in the formation ol a by Receiver Pierson, and at the re-organization Mr. Grant number oi musical organizations, with all of which Mr. made him Assistant Superintendent, which position he Oborski was more Ol less inti tcl\ connected. Paterson held until he resigned ill May, 1876. lie then associated had obtained importance in the manufacturing and com- himsell with Mi. lames [ohnston who had severed his con- mercial world and it now came to the front . : s a music lov- nection with the Paterson lion Company, and bought the ing community. The influence "f Mr. < fborski can hardly old 1 nion Bolt Works. 1 le assisted in changing the entire be overestimated, lie cultivated the public taste and by character of these works from a manufactory of bolts, etc., giving renditions oi well known musical compositions to a foundry, machine shop and bridge works, where for instilled that love of classic music which has made Paterson main years were turned out some of the largest castings audiences ever partial to everything superior in the line oi and forgings in the State. Somen!' the principal con- music, lie was the conductor of the German Quartette tracts which were successfully carried out by these works Club and the Swiss society, the "Gruetli Maennerchor," were furnishing the iron work lor the stairways, etc.. and with these two associations twice took sec nd prizes tortile Stevens' building in Wall street. New York, and in the inter slate competitions ok the singing societies held the large apartment house on the corner of East 18th street annually in New York. In 1S74 he accepted the position and |th avenue, New York, erected by Edward Matthews. ol' director of the Paterson Musical Union, recognized for The greenhouse and conservatory and iron building about many years as the leading musical society in Paterson. 600 feet long and 45 feet high for Mr. Jay Gould at Irving- ( u ler his direction the oratorio "Christus" with orchestra ton, X. Y . was built at these works and erected by them ; and chorus, was rendered for the first time in Paterson. also the iron work for the pier of the Iron Steamboat Com- The society nave a long series of public concerts anil re- pain'. Main of the road bridges in Passaic County, and hcarsals. many of them tor charitable objects, the pro- some for Central America were built at the Union Bolt grammes including Mendelssohn's opera "Loreley," Works. Complications arising out of the failure of Grant Gounod's St. Cecilia Mass and other performances, which & Ward, and the change in the officers ol the New York, attracted not only the general public of Paterson but many Lake Erie and Western Railroad in 1S84, with which music-loving persons from other cities. The Paterson company he had large transactions, compelled Mr. Pearce, Musical I nion furnished the chorus and some of the solo who was then president of the works, to apply for a re- paits for the Minnie Hauk opera company when that or- ceiver. He was then employed as manager oi the Coates- ganization rendered a scene from Wagner's "Lohengrin" ville lion Works. Coatesville, Pa He soon afterwards 111 Paterson; the work of the society received the highest formed a partnership with Thomas Rawson for the manu- npliments from the distinguished prima donna. Mr. lacture and repairing of screen plates used in paper and Oborski resigned as director of the Paterson Musical pulp mills. In this business he has been very successful, I nion in 1SS5. for some years he was conductor of the with the assistance of his partner building up one of the Paterson Choral Society, the Boys' Musical Club and the largest concerns in this line in the country. Paterson Glee Club. In [887 he accepted the position of In politics he is an active Republican ; he was employed director of the Paterson Philharmonic Society, an organi- by the Board of Aldermen as clerk to the committee ap- zation composed ol prominent young men : under his abb- pointed to codify the ordinances of the city, a work which leadership hi rough) this society to a standard of had not previously been undertaken. He was offered and perfection equalled by no previous organization of its kind refused a nomination for the assembly. He was a candi- in Paterson. Mr. ( Jborski has had charge of the music ren- date lor Commissioner of Public Instruction in the Seventh 1 at every public demonstration of importance since Ward in 1S76, and although the usual majority against the his advenl in Paterson. at n, >■ 1 entennial conceit iii is;/.. Republican ticket is about 350 he was beaten by only 21. centennial celebration of the Grand Lodge of Masons oi Removing to the Lth Ward he was elected a member ol' the New Jersey, and the public obsequies ol Presidents Gar- Board of Education in 1SS3, and was made President of fie,d • iml Grant. the j. ,,.,,,) ,, r Education in the following year. Hewas re- • elected in [SS9 and is now serving his second term. He- was appointed chak to the Commissioners lor t.ie adjust- ment of arrearages of taxes in rSSS, which position he PATERS ON, ILLUSTRATED. 3'7 now holds. He was appointed by President Harrison Su- pervisor of the Census for the First District of New Jer- sey, comprising the counties of Passaic, Bergen, Morris, Sussex. Warren and Essex, with a population estimated aproximately at 523.^00, and at its completion was con- gratulated by the Superintendent of Census as being one among the first supervisors to complete his work. # Chari.es R. Pelgram was born near Cologne in Ger- main, and received a good education in the schools of his native land. His father was a physician After having spent a number of years in travel on the continent, Mr. Pelgram came to this country, arriving here shortly after the war of the secession. He was employed in a silk mill and having thoroughly mastered the business was made Superintendent for William Strange & Co Mr. Pelgram was a man of great force of character ami energy and he soon recognized the fact that he could accumulate a fortune and make a mark for himself. He accordingly founded the firm of Pelgram & Meyer, which in an incredibly short space of time became one of the foremost silk manu- facturing firms in the country. The masterly management of Mr. Pelgram. who had the entire charge of the mills, was soon recognized by his competitors but he was ever far in the lead He devoted himself assiduously to his business and saw as the result of his efforts the erection and equipment of one mill after another, until the firm was among the largest manufacturers in the country, lie erect- ed for himself a magnificent residence at Riverside, but unfortunately was not permitted to indulge long in the en- joyment of it. His death occurred on November 15. [SS7 In business Mr. Pelgram was the soul of honest}' and en- ergy and iie was ever ready to recognize merit wherever he found it. Socially he was pleasant and genial in dispo- sition, ami his death caused pangs of regret in man) hearts. Mr. Pelgram was only forty-three years of age at the time of his death, and it was certainly to lie regretted that a career so promising and so fraught with benefits t" a great many, should have been cut short in the prime of its exis- tence. Tumi \s William Randall, counsellor-at-Iaw, was bom in Bucldnghamshire, England, about twenty miles from London, and within two miles of the historic Wind- sor castle, on June 24th, 1S53, and is a descendant of some of the most substantial and oldest families in that localitv. both on the paternal ami maternal side, lie arrived in the United States with his parents in June. 1S66, and resided with them in Bergen County, and later at Hawthorne, in this county, until he entered upon the study of his profes- sion Mr. Randall first studied in the office of Judge Hopper, in Paterson, and afterwards with Messrs. Pen- nington & DeWitt, of Newark, and also attended the Co- lumbia Law School, in New York. He was admitted to .the New Jersey bar at the June term of the Supreme Court, in 1S77, ana \ after spending some time abroad, re- turned to this city anil settled down to the practice of law, in which he has been actively engaged ever since. Mr. Randall is a Republican in politics, but takes no active part therein, and has never held any political office. He has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Second Presbyterian church for a number of years past, and a di- rector of the Paterson Mutual Building and Loan Associ- ation since its organization in 1S78. He is also one of the managers of the Passaic County liar Association, and a member of the Board of Trade. In his profession he con- tines himself to office practice, owing to an exceedingly delicate constitution which renders him unable to endure great excitement or nervous strain. lie is counsel for ma- in' families, estates and corporations, and is well established as a trusted and careful legal adviser. He is an extensive and versatile reader, and his tastes and habits ate quiet, literary and refined In 1S79, he married Miss Jennie S. Perry, a well-known and highly esteemed teacher in the public schools of this citv, and at one time principal of School No. 2. John Reynolds, President of the Paterson Savings In- stitution, was born in the north of Ireland on March nth, 1826. He came to this country when an infant one year old. The family resided in Rockland county, N. Y.. and Bergen county, N. J., and came to Paterson about 1833. After a common school education, at an early age he went with Stephen Allen to learn the trade of tobacco, snuff and segar manufacturer, which he followed until 1852, when he e tereil into partnership with Stephen and John Allen, un- der the firm name of Allen. Reynolds & Co. He was af- terwards associated with these gentlemen in the firm of Alpheus S Allen, and continued in this firm in business until 1S72. when the business was sold to Allen & Dun- ning, In 1859 and iS6oMr Reynolds served as a member of the Board of Education, and iS6^ he was elected from the Fourth Ward as a member of the Board of Aldermen. While a member of this body, Mr. Reynolds served with d stinction and credit to himself and the city as a member of mam' important committees, and, together with the late Haimagh Van Winkle, acted as a committee to negotiate for the purchase of the present poorhouse farm, in which the city received a fine piece of property at a very reason- able price. In i$'i_| Mr. Reynolds was elected a member of the first board of directors of the First National Bank. and is one of the three original members who are still act- ing as such He is at present vice-president ol that insti- tution, having been elected in January in 1S83. lie was one of the incorporators of the Paterson Savings Institu- tion, and was appointed surveyor and appraiser of said in- stitution in 1S72. and on Janu try 14th. 1S73, he was elec- ted vice-president in connect on with his other office. He was elected president January II th, 1876, a position which he has ever since occupied. In [S72 he was elected presi- dent of the Paterson Gaslight Company, a position which PATERSON, ILLUSTRATED. he still holds, and up to 1SS9 lie was for many years the president of the Acquackanonk Water Company. Mr. Reynolds owes his present position in life to his own en- deavors, his uniformly courteous manners, and his deter- mination :ii .ill times to be upright and liberal. Principally through his endeavors the Paterson Savings Institution attained the high rank il holds among the banking institu- te, and the man} dep >si t< irs ol the institute m testify ley repose in his ability. Mr. Reynolds has on a number o occasions been selected to manage large estates and trusl funds and he has always acquitted himself to the satisfaction of all interested. N*o ranks higher in the estimate m of the publi his fiiends in larger 11 um iers than Mr. fohn Reynolds. * * * Francis Si mi i was born in Paterson on August 2S, 1 S q 7 . and was educated in the private schools of Paterson and at Yale College. He was admitted to the bar al the November term, 1 87^1 <>f the Supreme Court, and became a counselloi al law in [8S1. He was Cit} Counsel of Pat- n during 1SS5 and [886, and was made Judge of the Paterson I )isti icl Court in [8SS fur a' term of five years. Mr. C. C. Simiii'i was born in Strasburg, France, September 29th, 1841. lit- came to this country with his parents when but a youth, and settled in Marietta, Wash- ington County, Ohio, in an Indian hut. At the beginning of the war cit' the rebellion Mr. Shelby enlisted in an Ohio regiment, but was not taken on account of ill health. He was then engaged as porter in a hotel at Marietta, in the patriotic citizens of Marietta raised an American and rebel flag on Front street, and Mr. Shelby, who was mi his way tn the depot, saw that the bystanders were greatl) excited over the two flags. Some wished to see the American flag remain afloat, and others the rebel flag; Imt Shelby who had a great deal of respect for his country tided the flag si ail' ami pulled down the rebel flag; this onsiderable indignation among the turn. and I the city. Altera lively run he escaped to larf where hi- was put aboard a steamer In his cousin, Mr. 11. Best, and sent to Pittsburg, l'a. After reaching Pittsburg, Mr. Shelby concluded tog New York Cit} : but having only enough mone} to carry him to Harrisburg, was compelled to work his way as best lie could the remainder ol the journey. After extreme difficulties he reached New York and iuimediateh app lor a position in the Erie depot (the Erie at that tim< cupying a portion of the Pennsylvania Railroad), and was employed in the railroad yard washing cars, c1 day. lie worked diligently lor one year, then enlisted in the 2 t st New Jersey regiment, hut was re- fused again. Mr. Shelby did not like the idea of b refused as a soldier, s,, repaired to Hackensack, \. |.. and enlisted in the Jjd New h uncut and was ac- cepted. After serving his time as a soldier, he returned to New York, and again took up his vocation washing . he was soon promoted to oiling car wheels, then to brakeman, then to baggage master, and finally to conduct- or on the Newark branch, lie was the first conductor on that branch. He was nsferred to the Hackensack branch of the Erie, where he remained lor a ven short time. As an inventor Mr. Shelby has lmt a few equals, as he has invented man} valuable contrivances and obtained pat- ents on them. His first invention was a folding harrow, his second a railroad switch, the next a hat fastener, a hose supporter, and to-day Mr. Shelb} is the inventor of one hundred and three dill'ei ent patents which have all been duly filed in the patent office at Washington, I). C. Af- ter several years hard labor, Mr. Shelb} desired to go into business lor himself, lmt his capital was limited, and he was forced to borrow the money to start with. He finally obtained enough money, and starteda place in 6th avenue, New York, in a hallway. He was so encouraged over his first day's proceeds, which amounted to twent} dollars. that his success seemed to he pictured before him. and he forged ahead, and to-day he has retired from business, having am issed a considerable sum of m mey from his va- rious inventions. Mr. Shelby is at present manager of the Silk City Garter Manufacturing Company, which is loca- ted in Van 1 h iuten street. Thomas C. Simonton, Jr., wis born in the Cit} of New York, hut before he was a year old his patents re- moved to Paterson, and he has resided here ever since. In iSjl he entered the office of Elon. G. A. Hobart as a law student, and in June ol' 1 \--. he was admitted to the bar of New Jerse} as an attorney; in June, t88o, after the expi- ration of the necessary three years ol' additional study, he- was admitted as a counsellor at law of the State. Mr. Si- monton is also an attorney and counsellor at law of the State ol' New York, and at limes practices law there. In 1S87 he- was appointed City Counsel of Paterson for one year, and in. iSSS was n [i >r a id of five years. He is an active member of the Re- publican party. Mr. Simonton has a line- law practice, and that d witli his office as Cit} Counsel, m him an extremely busy man. I le is still a young man. be- ing 36 \ e-ars of age. Wimiwi M. Smith, at present Clerk of Passaic county, was born in Paterson, on June 1 \. [S54; he was a son of Mr. Samuel Smith, elsewhere- mentioned as one of the pioiie-eT ma nu tact u re is of the city. He- attended the public schools and was under the instruction of Rev. ( ie l>. Day and Rev. J. I.. Hurlbut; in 1S74 he- graduated from the College of New Jerse} at Princeton. He studied law in the office of Mr. William Pennington and was ad- mitted to the- bar in i s 77- lie was married in December, PA TERSON, IL L US TRA TED. 3'9 1S79, t<> .Mi'-'- Flora L., daughter of Mr. RobertS. Hughes, of Paterson. In 1881 he was nominated as candidate for County Clerk by the Republican county convention, and such was his popularity that the Democrats did not consid- er it worth while to make any nomination against him. In 18S6 he was again nominated and this time elected by a plurality of 2.S^ votes, larger than anv ever given in Passaic County. S01 kates Tuttle was born in Colebrook, Coos county, New Hampshire, on the u,th day of November, 1819. His parents were in straitened circumstances and his boy- hood was that of millions whose names are never heard farther than a lew miles from the places of their birth ; he was surrounded 1>\ privations and poverty, and his educa- tion was received at the village school which he attended three months in the year until he had attained his twenty- first year. His father was a blacksmith, and \ oung Socrates .spent most of his time about the lire of the forge. He worked at the anvil and forge until he became an expert blacksmith, hut he never had a liking for the business. With a few dollars in his pocket, hut with a capital of pluck and energj worth more than thousands oi dollars, he left his home and came to New Jersey, where he first settled down in Blue Ball, Monmouth county. Here he took charge of a subscription pay-school, which he taught from I )ecember, 1841, to March, 1 ' ; | |. [n March, 1844, he removed to Paterson and became a law student in the office of James Speer. Here lie remained aboul a year until Speer was appointed one of the judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, when Mr. Tuttle entered the office of Benjamin W. Vandervoort. Here he concluded his studies and in April. [S48, he was admitted to the bar and ap- pointed a solicitor in Chancery. He obtained his license as counsellor-at-law in 1851. Mr. Tuttle was thrice married. His first wife was fine. daughter of Baltus and Esther Winters, of this city, to whom he was married May 23, [S48; she died on June 14, 1S49, leaving an only daughter, Jane, who subsequent- ly married Hon. (J. A. Hobart, of this city. In Novem- ber, 1852, Mr. Tuttle married Mai v. the oldest daughtei <<\ William Dickey, of this city; she died on August 25, 1 The chih hen resulting from this union were : — Charles M. : William I).: Minnie, who died in infancy; Elizabeth Murray, who died at the age of three years; Lillian, who died at seven; and Augustus Hobart. Mr Tuttle subse- quently married Elizabeth A., widow of Dr. F.S.Weller, and she sun i\ c s him. . Mr. Tuttle was most prominent before the people as a lawyer, ami as such he was known to nearly every resident ot Passaic county, lie did more legal work for many years than any other lawyer in the city, and although he was always very buss 1 he newer neglected a case. His clients knew that they could depend on him under all cir- cumstances. His extensive knowledge of law enabled him to grasp the important points oi' a case at once, anil it was principally due to this attainment that he was enabled to attend to as much business as lie did. 1 lis natural wit also stood him in good stead, and frequently assisted him in win- ning a case b\ call in;_; the attention of jurors to points which without Hashes of humor would have remained in obscuri- ty. Ml'. Tuttle had a copious How of language, and as a pleader to a jur\ he could not be excelled in the county. He was earnest in every case he undertook ami made bis client's cause his own. On the street and everywhere he argued for his clients, and although this may not have been productive of anj visible good in some cases, in others it certainly assisted him for it created a feeling in favor of the side he represented. His career as an office holder was brief, but it was dis- tinguished by all the traits of character w hich rendered him so popular. In [85] and 1852 he was City Clerk of Pat- erson. and in 1S55 he represented the East Ward in the Board of Freeholders, and he was Counsel to this Board in the year iN^;. and from [865 to 1N-1 inclusive. In [S58 he was elected School Commissioner from the East Ward, and again I to till a vacancy) in [859. In i.N'h and 1862 he represented the Second District of this county in the Legislature ; those were trying times, but Mr. Tuttle was always found on the side of loyalty to the Union and justice. In 1.N71 and 1 S j j he was Mayor of the City of Paterson, and as such he did all in his power to maintain the high standing of Paterson and improve its condition. As a politician Mr. 'buttle was first a Whig and subse- quently an anient Republican. He was one of those hon- est and earnest men who thought that the Republican par- ty was tin' best safeguard for an honest administration, and lie talked Republican politics whether there was a campaign or not. He had the historj of his party at his fingers' ends, and he could argue for hours and newer recede an inch from the position that the Republican party had always done what was the best for the country, and that although its measures were frequently abused at the time of in ti-m. tlie\ invariably proved the best for the nation. He was a man who was ever read\ to do more than his share towards the success of the Republican ticket, and he nev- er looked for reward or emolument for his labor-,, tor he thought hi' w .is doing nothing but his duty to his country. He declined seres of offers of office ; he was satisfied with the honors which had been heaped upon him, and although be was foremost in society and at the bar he preferred to be called plain " Mr. Tuttle." His character was almost without fault, and be was a man who had no enemies. In his case the plain truth is the highest elogium that can be pronounced, and this is in- deed a rarity. 1 le wa Christian and attended ser- vices regularly in the first Presbyterian church in this city, of which church he was a trustee lor many years. He presided at the first meeting held for the organiza- tion of the new Broadway Pr< sbyterian church, the ( Ihurch of the Redeemer, but he was not subsequently identified with this movement ; he preferred to remain in the old church, in which he had worshipped so mam years. Mr. 320 / 'A 7 A'A.V W, 1L I, < r S /A. 1 TED. I uttle was ever read) to assist the need) to the extent of his power; his purse and his advice were ever at the dis- posal of the poor. He was one of the directors "l" the Old 1. adits' Home and took a lively interest in that insti- m, as he did in fact in all the charitable institutions in rson. In society Mr. Tuttle was the same as at the bar or elsew here, read) for a discussion and lull of humor and wit. Frequently when he had met with misfortune his friends expected to lin«l him downcast, but although the blast of adversity might at times bow down the head the natural elasticity of character always placed it erect n. llis imperturbable good nature won for him main friends, and Mr. Tuttle was always welcome, no mattei where he might go. He had the pride "I an honest man. the pride of having built up for himself a name that would be an honor i" his children; he frequently referred to the trials of his youth and laughed at the obstacles he had over- come. I lis death, which was dm- to angina pectoris, oc- curred "ii Februai \ i _. i SS5. ink Van Ci.e\ e was born in the city of New York on [anuary -' | . [853, and obtained his education in the public schools of the metropolis and the Free Academy, at present the Free College of the City of New York, gradu- ating with honor at the latter institution. In [S69 he re- moved with his parents to Corona, a village near Hacken- sack, in Bergen county, N. J. Here he was ticket agent for the New York and New Jersey railroad company and made himself useful on his father's farm. In June, (875, he removed to Paterson where he entered the law office of Mr. fohn C. Paulison; he was admitted to the practice of the law in 1S79 and ^' r- Paulison, dying shortly afterwards Mr. Van Cleve succeeded to his practice which he has since considerably increased. In April, tSS6, he was ap- pointed fudge of the District Court by Governor Green served until [anuary of the year following when a leg- islature differing from him in politics declined to re-ap- ,1 him. There are a number of sterling qualifications which have made Mr. Van Cleve one of the must popular men in the city. He is possessed of a genial good humor which is unruffled under the most adverse circumstances and this combined with his ready wit not only enlivens his conversation but also assists I ly in the exercise of his profession. He is gifted wi acumen and a per- suasive style 1 ing which win him many cases and clients, and all who have ever had any dealings with him know that he can be depended upon under all circum- stan Ai 1 red A. Van Ik : . was born at Baltimore, Md., on April jo. 1S55. His parents who were originally from New York, returned to New York city in 1859 and resided there until the sprii 12, when they can Paterson and took up their residence hen-. Since that time the subject ol this sketch has continue'! to reside here. lie commenced reading law in this city with the late Henry S. Drury in 1N71 and was admitted to practice at the bar as an Attorney in 1N7S. and as a Counsellor in [881. lie was subsequently admitted to practice as an Attorney and Counsellor in the State ol' New York. In 18S9 he was appointed a United States Commissioner, and he is the only person in Passaic county who has the honor to hold that appointment. lie is interested in the growth and prosperity of our city as he owns much valua- ble real property indifferent sections of the same. lie is a vestryman of the P. E. Church of the Holy Communion with which church he has Keen identified since about the time of its organization. He is a large stockholder and .hi officei of the Essex Button Company, and one of the incorporators and a direct ir ol the Coll Land Company. He lias never held any political office. John J. W vrren was horn in Paterson fifty-seven yi agi ' and has resided in this city all his life. After recei\ ing the hest education \\ Inch the schools of the city afforded he was employed in the works ol' the New Jersey Locomo- tive Company where he became an expert machinist and engineer. Alter having risen to the position ol' superinten- dent he quit the employ of the company tor the purpose of accepting a similar position in the works of Todd & Raf- Icrtv. He held this position in I 866 when the nature of the work brought on a severe illness from which he did not re- : until early in the year following. His physician ad- vised him that a return to work in the shops would certain- ly bring on a recurrence of the malady and his friends urged him to become a candidate tor the position of Re- corder or police justice of the city of Paterson. Before this time Mr. Warren had been elected to the Board of Education and had also served two years in the Board of Aldermen. He at first laughed at the idea of accepting an office whose emoluments were only a trifle compared to the salary he had commanded in the simps but through the influence of his friends the meagre salary attached to the office was increased and Mr. Warren was induced to accept the position. I !e was annually re-elected for a long time. holding the office lor fifteen years. On November zi, 1S82, on the organization of the present Board of Health, Mr. Warren was elected secretary and he still holds that office, having keen re-elected every year without opp tion. In 1 ; hi was elected a member of the Board of Education from the Seventh Ward and he is at present a member of that Board having been re-elected at the expi- ration of every term. On the first of April, r88 1, he took his seat as a judge of the courts oi Passaic county, having been appointed to that honorable position by Governor Green. Judge Warren is in all respects a self-made man and the many offices he has Idled and still tills were tender- ed to him on acemmt of his sterling qualifications and not because he sough' them. PA PERSON, IL L US PR A TED. 321 Henry A. Williams was born in Pari'-. France, June 6th, [S21, while his parents were temporarily residing there. His father. William Williams, of London, a gen- tleman of means, shortly afterwards returned to England and from thence sailed for America with his family. Hen- ry A. Williams studied law in Patersonwith the late Dan- iel S. Barkalow, and was admitted as an attorney in 1S-I9, and as a counsellor at law in iS^-- He was then a resi- dent of Paterson and continued so up to the time of his death. Mr. Williams was appointed Brigade Judge Ad- vocate of the Passaic Brigade of the Militia of New Jer- sey, bj Gov. Olden, July 19, 1S61. He however took no active part during the war in the field, for he was elected Mayor of the city of Paterson in 1862, [863, 1864 and (865, both parties uniting in doing him that honor in 1862 and [863. lie was again elected in 1S67. It was during the exciting times of the war that he made his greatest reputation. In the darkest days of the rebellion, when Paterson was threatened with a draft, he took the leading part in filling up the city's quota of volunteers. lie ren- dered the city invaluable service by his prudent and care- ful advice, freely given : he contributed freely from his purse also, more than once nearly impoverishing himself and making himself personally liable for large sums of money. In 1868 he was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas, and for three years he tilled that position with a conscientious- ness and energy that have never been surpassed. He re- signed to accept the office of State Senator to which posi- tion he had been elected by the Republican party by the largest majority ever given up to that time. In the Senate he was an earnest and influential worker and gave much time and labor to perfecting the laws in reference to the taxation of railroads in cities, as well as to other public leg- islation. In 1 S74 he was appointed City Counsel of Pat- erson and re-appointed in iNj>. 1S76, 1S77 and 187S. He was also counsel for many large corporations, including the first National Bank, the Paterson Savings Institution, the Paterson Gas Light Company, the Cedar Lawn Cem- etery Company, and main others. He was also a director in these corporate >ns. Few men were ever better lifted for the legal profession than Mr. Williams: as a close student he was thoroughly versed in all the intricacies of the law. and with this he combined a legal acumen and an earnestness and effective- ness of pleading which made him a formidable adversary. It can be truly said that no man ever possessed the confi- dence of his clients and the confidence and respect of the people who have so frequently honored him as did Mr. Williams. Mr. Williams died November 7th. iNSS. while attending service in the Church of the Redeemer of which he was an elder and president of the Hoard of Trustees. lie left surviving him his wife Mary '/... daughter <>\ the late cx- Judge Samuel A. Van Saun, and six children; William II. and Assemblyman Robert Williams, lawyers of this city ; Dr. Joseph W. Williams: and three daughters, An- nie. l.a\ ina S. and Matilda lb. w ife of Re\ . A. W. 1 land. * GEORGE WuRTS was born at Easton, Pa.. September 13, [829. From very early life he devoted himself to lit- erature. His first journalistic work was done for the New- ark Advertiserin [861, just at the beginning of the civil war. After a short time spent on the reporters' statYofthe Advertiser he accepted an engagement as reporter on the New ark Mercury, and shortly afterwards became its editor. While engaged on this paper he corresponded for the New York limes and Evening Post. On the starting of the Brooklyn Union he became associate editor of that paper. retaining the position until February 1. 1S65, when he left it to assume the duties of editor of the Paterson Daily and Weekly Press. It is somewhat of a notable coincidence that the Brooklyn Union and the Paterson Press were both started on the same day and in almost precisely the same way — by an association of Union men. Mr. Wurts has re- mained editor of the Press from the date mentioned to the present time, and by means of his ability and energy, seconded by an enthusiasm for every cause that had for its object the welfare of the country, the paper has risen to oc- cupy a commanding position among the journals of the country. To him the editing of a paper is more than mak- ing money, the latter always being subservient to the duties which he recognizes his position imposes upon him. He is one of the most zealous of Republicans, ami his editorial work has been effective in every campaign, but he has never permitted partisanship to disturb his sound judg- ment, and his voice was alw a\ s among the first to w arn his party when the leaders swerved from the principles to winch Republicanism owes its success. His style is clear and incisive, but when occasion calls for it he is not found wanting in the use of metaphor and elegant rhetoric. In social life his pleasant manners diffuse about him an air of geniality which is alw ays attractive. His two sons, William L. K. and George Herbert, assist him in his editorial work. In former years he contributed considerably to the leading periodicals of the country, but of late he has confined him- self more closely to the work of editing the Press. He was president of the New Jersey Editorial Association in 1S76, and during the legislative sessions of 1880, (SSl and [882 he was secretary of the New Jerse) .'senate. At the institution of the Free Public Library of Paterson he was ap- pointed one of the trustees, and has continued in that position ever since, his excellent literary taste and wide knowledge of books making: him a very useful member of that body. 37 Table of Contents. Cohere is ffco I' lace ipuperior to I' aterson either : anu]acturina or l\esiden ce. Page. Sketch i if Passaic < '■ >unty 3 Passaic ( lounty Government 5 Paterson City Government 6 Paterson's Steady and Healthy Progress. .. 25 Its Advance as Reflected by the Board of Trade 29 A Substantial Free Public Library 65 Real Estate with Uncloi ded Titles 71 A Pure and Plentiful Water Supply 73 Excellent Horse Railroad Facilities 81 Splendid Free Public Schools 83 A Fine Business < '■ illege - 8fi A Superb Military ( Irganization 88 Interesting Landmarks 98 Conservative Building and Loan Associations 103 Unsurpassed Telephone Service 105 Miscellaneous Advantages 120 Excellent Banking' Institutions. The First National Bank C7 The Paterson National Bank 68 The Second National Bank 68 The Paterson Savings Institution 69 Abundance of Light. The Paterson Electric Light Company 106 The Edison Electric Illuminating Company 107 The United Gas Improvement Company 107 Pleasant Places for Mills, Factories or Residences. The Society's Land Company 108 The Colt Land Company 108 The Cedar Cliff Land Company ins The Chestnut Hill Land Company ins Glenw 1, or Kyle's Park 109 The Doremus Farm 109 Quiet Resting- Places of the Dead. Cedar Lawn Cemetery 99 Laurel Grove Cemetery li 1 1 Energetic Real Estate Agents. Ackermau, Jacob V 110 Crooks, James 110 1 age. Ekings, Robert M no Farrar, Sidney ] 1 \ Landau, G. W. I in Morrisse, James A 112 Sherwood, S. S i jo W( * Melt. P. D H3 Enterprising- Business Men. Allen, F. W us Bell, James 1 1 8 Elliot, George M 117 Inglis, James, Jr 113 Lane. N 1x9 "■I Brothers . no Marshall & Ball 116 McCully, Francis K 1 ] 4 Meyer Brothers 117 Nathan, Samuel 117 Quackenbush, Peter ] 14 Is, P. II US Towell, Joseph 11.3 The John Norwood Company 115 Wilson, James .... 119 Flourishing- Industries. IRON. Ro ers Locomotive and Machine Works ... 185 Passaic Rolling Mill Company ls7 Paterson Iron Works 188 Kearney & Foot Company 189 Benjamin Eastwood's .Machine Works 190 Royle Machine Works 191 Robert Atherton's Machine Works 192 Watson Machine Company 193 Samuel Smith & Son's Boiler Works 194 J. C. Todd's Machine Works 195 Riverside Bridge and Iron Works . . . . 197 SILK. Pioneer Silk Company 198 Dexter, Lambert A Company 199 Hopper&Scott 201 William Strange Silk Companj 201 Hamil& Booth 201 Ramsay A Gore Manufacturing Company ■ C'J CONTENTS. Page. I'll. I'.m \l null aol ig Company 'ill'-' Dob rtj .S w idsworth 203 m n Mill 204 Grim 'im Brothers 205 i Horandl A Son ' i Pati i in Ribbon O imp iny, . - Sal ;i i j Si mull silk Dyeing C panj 206 Knipscber A Maasa 206 Jacob Walder 207 I. A. Hall A Co 207 111-. Ill Wlniy Barb iur Flax Spinning < Sompany 207 Dolphin Manufacturing Company 209 Roswell Bobbin Manufactory 209 Hardin j Bos Factory 210 Patersou Drain Sewer and Well Pipe Woi ks 210 I D. Blauvelt's Carrifi Ib9 . with, F. C 189 Bell, E. T 305 l.l nix.lt, I. D 211 Bolton, D. C 305 Br.>wn, J. J 305 B I. kley, J. V .. .'. 306 i i linus C. A 306 Cheyne, John .. 307 Crosby, II. B 307 l>.i . is, i R 209 Di nmii. A 307 Doherty, Henry 204 Eastwood, Benjamin ... L90 Gon i E 2ii2 Hall, LA •. 207 Halste.id.G. G 309 Harding, Frederick Hilton. .1. T... . Hinchcliffe, John . . Hobart, G. A Hopper, John Hopper, .1.11 I [opper, R. I Horandt, .lacob I toxsey, T. 1) Hoxsey, T. F I touman, Marinus . . . Hughes, R. S Jackson, James Kerr, .1. F King, CM McKee, J. W Menger, 1„ s Ni [son, William Oborski, Florian Pearce, A. B Pelgram, ('. R Bamsay, John Randall, T. W Hi \ nolds, John Rogers, Thomas . . li'yli 1 . John ...... . . Scott, Francis Shelby, C. C Simontou, T. C Smith, Samuel Smith. W. M Todd, J. C Tuttle, Socrates Van ( lleve, Frank Van Hovenberg, A. A. Wadsworth, Joseph Walder, Jacob Warren, J. J Watson, James ■\\ atson, W. G William-. II. A Wurts, George age. 210 309 211 310 311 201 :sn 205 312 312 312 187 313 31 1 314 314 ill I 315 316 317 202 ill 7 317 185 199 318 318 318 194 318 mi; 319 320 320 204 -111, 320 i'|| 194 321 321 Scenery. ^iL'LasTRTi'rioNs ; - The Pass lie Falls " in Winter Bfectsat the Falls .... Above the Falls B the Falls \i"i\. Hi. Falls Tin Basin Below the 1 I.-,. Effects at the Falls Views ui Paterson . Northwestern Extremity of Paterson. \ alley Cliff . . \ The Litl Passaic. •age. 9 in 11 12 13 13 1 I 15 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 •-:: 24 Page. \ i.h on Carrol] tree! 226 Views in Eastside Park 264 •• 265 View "ii Ellison street ... 286 " Main street •• Market street 300 " Broadwaj 302 30 I A Bit of Scenery near High Bridge 304 Public Buildings, Banks, Business Houses, &c. Masonic. Hall 35 Free Public Library 36 City Almshouse 37 Churches, Presbyterian 38 Catholic 39 med 40 Interiors 1 1 Public Si bools, No. 6 42 \ I. 10 43 CONTENTS. 325 Page. Public Schools, — No. 11 L 4-1 No. 9 45 No. 5 46 No. 2 47 Chestnut Hill 48 Banks, - First Natii >nal 49 Si nd National 50 Patersoii Natii inal 51 Entrance to Cedar Lawn ( lemetery 52 View iu Cedar Lawn Cemetery .... 52 Entrance to Laurel Grove Cemetery 53 View iu Laurel On >ve ( lemetery 53 Marshall & Ball Building 54 Bell Building 55 Interior of Works of Paterson Electric Light Company 56 " " Edis .11 " Illuminating Company. . 57 Exterior '• Paterson " Light Company 58 " " Edison " Illuminating Company. . 58 Switchboard of the " " " " 59 " " Paterson " Light *' .. 59 Lockwood Brothers' Building 60 The John Norwood Company's Building 61 The Boston Store 62 The Hobart-Stevenson Building 62 Switchboard of the N. Y. & X. J. Telephone Company 63 The Doremus Homestead . 63 Glenwood, or Kyle's Park 64 Industries. The Rogers Locomotive A* Machini Works in 1830 124 " " " at present 124 Some Old Engines 126 Present Day Engines 127 Front Vi.w of Passaic hulling Mill 128 Rear " " " " 128 Washington Bridge Built by Passaic Rolling Mill .. 129 The I 'aterson Iron Company's Wi irks 130 Hammer in The Paterson Iron Company's Works 131 The Royle Machine Works 131 The Watsi in Machine Wi irks 135 Boiler Shi ip 1 if S. Smith & Son 138 Chasm Bridge Built by Riverside Bridge & Iron Works . . 140 Railroad avenue Mill of B. Eastwood Ill Straight street " " " 142 The Kearney & Foot File Works 141 Machine Shop of J. C. Todd 146 •Jute Mill 146 Silk Mill of Dexter, Lambert A Co . .. 150 •' The William Strange Cn 151 The Paterson Ribbon Co 152 •• Doherty & Wadsworth 153 *• " •■ Hamil& Booth 156 •■ 157 '• " Grkpshaw Brothers 158 Exhibits of Phienix Mauufactui ing Company 159 Silk Mill of Hopper & Scott 101 Ramsaj A Gore ... 161 The Barnert Mill 164 Dye Works of Kuipseher & Maass 165 " " Auger & Simon 166 Grand street Mill of Barbour Flax Spinning Company 16S Spruce •' " " ' •■ " 109 Granite ■' " " " " 170 The Dolphin Mill 171 Works of I. A. Hall & Co 174 Koswell Bobbin Manufactory 174 -Carriage Works of I. D. Blauvelt 178 Page. Marble Works of W. L Bamber 178 The Hinchliffe Brewery 179 Braim's " 181 Graham's " 182 Sprattler A Mennell Brewery 183 The Burton " 184 Residences. Barbour, Robert 222 Barbour, William 223 Kell.ET 224 Booth. James 230 22t; Cadi < I. A Cooke, Watts 234 Crosby, H. li 228 Doherty, Henry 242 Fayerweather, W. 235 Hamil, Robert 231 Harding, Frederick 250 Hobart. G. A 240 Horandt, Jacob Hughes. R. S 1 1 1 -_; I i -< . .las. Jr Landau, G. W. I. Rev McCully, F. K M irrisse, James A. . . Nathan. Samuel 258 254 252 260 266 242 268 Nelson, William 272 Pelgram, C. R 274 Quackenbush, Peter 256 Ramsay, John • 276 Reynolds, John 280 Kyle, William T 262 Sharpe, Joseph 278 Smith, W. M 286 Strange, William 288 Towell, Joseph • 290 Waller. Jacob 298 Portraits. Ackerman, Jacob V 217 2is All, F. W Atherton, Robert 1*5 Harbour. Thomas 167 Beckwith, Charles D U3 ih, EC 132 Bell, Janus 219 Blauvelt I. D 177 Bolton, D. C 220 Brown, John J 22 1 Buckley, J. F 221 Cadmus, C. A 227 Cheyne, John 232 Crooks, James - I : Crosby, H. B 229 D rs, J. R 175 Derrom, A 236 Dexter, Lambi rt & Co 149 Doherty, Henry 154 Eastwood, Benjamin 143 Ekings, R. M 237 Klliut. <;. M 238 Enrar. Sidney 239 Cure. Thomas E 10:! Hall. I. A 170 II ,' tead, G. G 243 Harding, Frederick 17:1 COA TENTS. Hilton, John T Binchliffe, John A Sons Hoi \ 1 lolin . Hopper, John 11 Hopper, R I i Hn . . . . Hoxsey, II' Hoxsi y, T. F li R. 8 ... . r. lis, James Jr ... m, James !■ 'in i I' lee M I ' W. 1 vv . . MeCnlly F. K M. K... ,1. W M ' i i.l i ' * Nathan, Samuel \ < i ' ' i . Will i H'"i :. i i 'i iau . . . i i; i\, John . Page. 246 180 •ill 248 160 249 244 245 12 • •J :.7 261 263 267 270 '2 17 263 273 271 ■277 •27.7 162 Randall, T, W 279 Reynolds, John 281 1 1 " 'i , 1 1 ' " 1 1 ' .i - 1 2:i Ryle, John & Sons 148 Scott, Francis 2-1 Shelby, C. C 289 Shi i« I. s. s Shields, I'. II 2-2 Sim mton, T. C 283 Smith, Samuel Smith, W. M 2*7 Todd, J. C 117 I" vi II, Joseph 21U Tuttle, Soci M. 292 Van ( leve, Frank 2 I Van Hovenberg, \ \ VVadsworth, Joseph .. 155 i ' ib 172 Warren, J. J 299 \\;ii i 137 Wotsou, VV. G 136 Westi in It. P. I) 296 Willi . II \ Wuit > , 301 *'&&£&■ " V o 4 V ... <« A o. o V / ^ » v *b \i> -X* c°"A« ■*. ^ #*■+ A >\a°a^v V ,«o •1 G <#• 4 O ' ■A <#> • Iff W -i „ v- -v- o '• . » • A A. o v . ^WpnjyE • -*- o ,0-7-, - s^^ssJPIs * 40 .0° >»i-, A <, ' «/ "^ A -^ < °-v A^° /^X -> ^ ">^ A ''^ A r,^ . •• ' • .. "*o A , • " • « <«• A . ^*h%,' o '\^ -> A .• jfe'-. \,/ .-isli**. A * A"* A^ ,0t. .< o. .0^. ^6 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS in 014 223 213 3