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A 
 NEW PICTUrtE 
 
 OF 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 OK THE 
 
 TO THE 
 
 CITY AND ADJOINING DISTRICTS : 
 
 In which are described the 
 
 PUBLIC BUILDIKGS ; LITERARY, SCIENTIFIC, COEIMEE- 
 
 CIAL AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS ; PLACES 
 
 OF AMUSEMENT ; PLACES OF WORSHIP ; 
 
 ■ PRINCIPAL CEMETERIES, AND EVERT 
 
 OTHER OBJECT WORTHY OF 
 
 ATTENTION. 
 
 WITH A PLAN OF THE CITY JIKD ITS ENVIRONS.. 
 
 Tliii'd EdifioH, 
 
 BY PL S. TANNER. 
 
 T. R. TANNER, 153 BROADWAX-^. 
 
 1844.- "^ 
 
Fl5S 
 
 Hi- 
 
 Ecteied according to Act of Congress, in the year 1840, 
 
 By H. S. TANNER, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern 
 
 District of Pennsylvania. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 — »»«®®<«- 
 
 Such is the progress of improvement both in 
 extent and quality of our " beautiful city," 
 within a few years, that its Picture, however 
 faithful and exact for a time, cannot remain so 
 long; for this metropolis, like its ever changing 
 inhabitants, seems doomed to constant fluctua- 
 tion and endless vicissitudes. '5' ..S 
 
 Thirty years since, Sixth street, now the 
 centre of population, formed the western bound- 
 ary of the densely settled portions of the city, 
 whilst those of the districts were confined with- 
 in much more circumscribed limits. Within 
 the time just mentioned, it may be safely af- 
 firmed, that the city has extended over three 
 times the area which it occupied previously ; 
 and since 1820, its increase and improvements 
 have been immense, both in the number and 
 style of its buildings. The interior structure 
 and arrangement of the houses have undergone 
 great changes for the better ; -and the streets 
 generally are well paved, lighted and kept in a 
 more cleanly condition than at any former 
 period. The improved system of laying wood 
 en blocks ia place of rounded pebbles, is gradu- 
 ally extending along the principal streets. 
 
IV PEEFACE. 
 
 These continual chang-es render it necessary 
 to publish a new work or at least new editions 
 of existing works at frequent intervals. An 
 editor, to make his picture faithful, and to de- 
 lineate whatever is new among the prominent 
 changes which perpetually occur, must employ 
 his best faculties and keep them in constant 
 exercise. 
 
 Our design, in the outset, was to revise and 
 amend one of the existing works : but on a 
 careful examination of the subject, it was found 
 more difficult and laborious to erase, to alter 
 and to abridge, than to produce an entirely new 
 work : all attempts of that sort have therefore 
 been abandoned; and with some trifling excep- 
 tions, our present work will be found to be new, 
 in almost every sense of the term. So far as 
 the mere arrangement of the facts and the va- 
 rious descriptions are concerned, nothing new 
 has been attempted, nor is any change in these 
 respects necessary. Accurate information is 
 the primary object of the work ; and to the 
 accomplishment of this object have we chiefly 
 directed our attention, in the firm belief, that in 
 matters of this description, a simple statement 
 of facts is all that is required, to enable the 
 reader to understand and appreciate the true 
 condition and peculiar advantages of cur highly 
 favoured city. 
 
PICTURE 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Philadelphia, the metropolis of the state of 
 Pennsylvania, and, after New York, the largest 
 city in the United States, is situated between 
 the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 
 miles from the junction of the latter with the 
 Delaware. The city proper, or that portion 
 of it which is limited by the Delaware on 
 the east, the Schuylkill on the west, Vine 
 street on the north, and South or Cedar street 
 on the south, is under the jurisdiction of the 
 corporation. The adjoining districts have each 
 separate and distinct municipal authorities and 
 regulations, wholly unconnected, in a legal 
 point of view, with the others, or either of 
 them. These regulations, being merely local 
 in their operation, are unimportant in reference 
 to the city, as it is generally understood, which, 
 for all practical purposes, may be regarded as 
 embracing the adjoining districts of Kensing- 
 ton, the Northern Liberties, Spring Garden, 
 Southwark, Moyamensing, &c. 
 
 The densely built parts of the city and dis- 
 tricts, have an outline of about 8^ miles. Pre- 
 a2 
 
D PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 sent population abont 225,000. Tlie princi- 
 pal streets are Market or High, and Broad 
 streets. The latter extends for several miles 
 in a nearly nortli and south direction, and in- 
 tersects Market street near the centre of the 
 city plot. With some trifling exceptions, the 
 streets of the city proper, cross each other at 
 right angles : but those of the adjoining dis- 
 tricts present a more irregular appearance. 
 In advancing along Broad street, towards 
 the north, from Market street, which ex- 
 tends through the centre of the city, from the 
 Delaware to the Schuylkill, the following 
 streets present themselves in the order of the 
 enumeration: — Filbert; Mulberry or Arch; 
 Cherry I Sassafras or Race; Vine (the north- 
 ern boundary of the city); Wood; Callowhill; 
 Willow ; Hamilton ; Buttonwood ; Spring Gar- 
 den ; Green; Coates, and some others: these 
 are all parallel or nearly so with Market street. 
 Going south from the latter, the following 
 streets occur : Chesnut ; George ; Walnut ; 
 Locust ; Spruce ; Pine ; Lombard ; Cedar or 
 South (the southern boundary of the city pro- 
 per) ; Shippen ; Fitzwater ; Catherine ; Chris- 
 tian; Tidmarsh; Prime; Washington and 
 Federal. Nearly all thefse extend from east 
 io west, and from the Delaware to the Schuyl- 
 kill, each about two miles in length. The 
 streets running in the general direction of the 
 Delaware river are designated by numbers, 
 commencing on the Delaware side with Front, 
 Second, Third, and so on up to Thirteenth, 
 M'^hich latter is succeeded by Broad street. 
 Those north of Market street have the term 
 " north," and those running southward, 
 "south,'* appended to each. A similar ar- 
 
PHILADELPHIA. 7 
 
 rangement obtains with respect to the streets 
 between Broad street and the river Schuylkill ; 
 commencing near the river with Front, Second, 
 &c. up to Eighth. These are distinguished 
 from the eastern streets by having the word 
 " Schuylkill" prefixed to them. 
 
 In addition to the above, the city and each 
 district has several cross streets and avenues, 
 most of which are well built. 
 
 HISTORY. 
 
 The first civilized settlements at Coaquanoc, 
 Kow Philadelphia, were made by the Swedes 
 forty or fifty 3^ears before the arrival of WilHam 
 Penn, The prevaiUng opinion that it was he 
 who first introduced members of the Society of 
 Friends on the banks of the Delaware, is an 
 error. There were regular meetings of that 
 society on both sides of the river previous to 
 the arrival of that great and good man. Some 
 of these meetings, those at Chester for example, 
 date back to 1675. 
 
 The first mention made of this nov/ fine city 
 under its present name, was in 1682, when it 
 was surveyed and regulated by Thomas Holme, 
 on tlie first high ground above the confluence 
 of the Delaware and Schuylkill. Philadelphia 
 is built on the ancient alluvion, reposing upon 
 the primitive rock formation which rises to the 
 surface a short distance north of the city. Its 
 site, with the exception of some gentle swells, 
 consists of a nearly level plane. Along Mar- 
 ket street it is within a small fraction of two 
 miles from river to river ; but as both rivers 
 curve towards each other in passing the city 
 the general plan widens above and below Mar- 
 
8 BRIDGES. 
 
 ket street. Along the Delaware fiom the lower 
 part of Southwark to the northern street of 
 Kensington, is about four and a half miles. In 
 advancing westward, the built parts of the city 
 gradually diminish in extent. From its ear- 
 liest settlement the general progress of im- 
 provement has been and still is towards the 
 north-west. The porous, sandy and deep allu- 
 vion on which the city is built, contributes, 
 with the judicious regulation of the streets, to 
 render the cellars dry. From the northern 
 sections particularly in Spring Garden and the 
 incorporated part of the Northern Liberties, 
 many of the positions are very coipmanding ; 
 and on the Schuylkill above and below the 
 city, the scenery becomes highly varied and 
 beautiful. 
 
 BRIDGES, &c. 
 
 PERMANENT BRIDGE. 
 Western termination of Market street. 
 
 The city is connected with West Philadel- 
 phia by a substantial bridge erected by a com- 
 pany incorporated in 1798. The whole length 
 of this structure is 1300 feet : the main bridge 
 550 and abutments and wing walls 750 feet ; 
 width 42 feet. It rests upon three arches and 
 two stone piers. To place the western pier on 
 the solid roek it was found necessary to extend 
 the work 42 feet below common tide level. This 
 was effected at great expense. The total cost 
 of the bridge including grounds was $300,000. 
 
 The ownership of this splendid structure has 
 
FAIRMOUNT. 9 
 
 been transferred to the city authorities, and is 
 now open for public use free from tolls. The 
 old floating- bridge at Gray's Ferry has been 
 displaced by the viaduct over the Schuylkil], 
 built by the Philadelphia, Wilming:ton and 
 Baltimore Rail-road Company. In addition to 
 its uses for the raihroad travel, it is so con- 
 structed as to admit the passage of ordinary 
 carriages, &.c. 
 
 These are now the only bridges which cross 
 the Schuylkill at or near the city. The bridge 
 formerly at the foot of Fairmount, consisting of 
 one elliptical arch 348 feet span, was destroyed 
 by fare in 1839. The arch of this beautiful 
 structure was generally considered as the largest 
 known, and being one curve of a very elonga- 
 ted ellipsis, formed a striking object in the 
 scenery about Fairmount. 
 
 FAIRMOUNT WATER WORKS. 
 In the north-west suburbs of the city. 
 
 The hydraulic works by which the city of 
 Philadelphia and the adjoining districts are sup- 
 plied with water, are situated on the east bank 
 of the Schuylkill, two miles north-west from 
 the city. They occupy an area of 30 acres, 
 which extends from the Schuylkill on the west, 
 to Fairmonnt street on the east, and from Cal- 
 lowhill and Biddle street on the south to Coates 
 street and the Columbia Rail-road on the north. 
 The greater part of this area consists of the 
 " mount," an oval shaped eminence, about one 
 hundred feet in height, with sides more or less 
 inclined, according to the nature of the forma- 
 tion and the uses to which they are applied. 
 
10 FAIRMOUNT. 
 
 On the top of the hill, at an elevation of one 
 hundred feet above mid-tide in the Schuylkill, 
 and about 56 feet above the highest grounds in 
 the city, there are four reservoirs, whose aggre- 
 gate capacity is about twenty-two millions of 
 gallons. One of these is divided into three 
 sections for the purpose of filtration. They 
 are inclosed by a substantial pale fence, vs^hieh, 
 while it serves to protect, does not obstruct the 
 view of the reservoirs. The whole is surround- 
 ed by a gravel footway, extending along the 
 entire brow of the hill, which is attained by a 
 flight of steps on the west, and several inclined 
 planes, of easy ascent from the east. 
 
 Fairmount originally extended to, and formed 
 the immediate bank of the Schuylkill, and the 
 entire site of the various structures, and the 
 beautiful embellishments which now adorn the 
 place, and render it an object of peculiar attrac- 
 tion, is the result of expensive and laborious 
 excavation into solid gneiss rock. It was com- 
 menced in 1819, and continued with occasional 
 intermissions from that time down to the pres- 
 ent day. The requisite power for propelling 
 the machinery, is obtained by means of a pool 
 formed by a dam, erected across the Schuylkill, 
 which backs the water for several miles, and 
 thus serves the double purpose of improving the 
 navis^ation of the river, and giving motion to 
 the wheels and forcing pumps by which the 
 reservoirs are supplied. The excavated plateau, 
 extending from the foot of the mount to the 
 precipitous bank of the river, is partly occupied 
 by the wheel houses, forebays and other neces- 
 sary structures, and the remaining spaces are 
 very tastefully arranged with flower gardens, 
 gravel walks, fountains, statues and other orna- 
 
FAIRMOUNT. 11 
 
 mental devices, which, viewed in connection 
 with the romantic country around, and the ani- 
 mating and busy scenes presented by the canals 
 and rail-roads in the vicinity, form altogether, a 
 prospect of uncommon interest and beauty. 
 
 Previously to the erection of the works at 
 Fairmount, the city had been supplied with 
 water from the Schuylkill by means of two 
 steam engines, one on Chesnut and Front 
 streets, near the river, and the other at the in- 
 tersection of Broad and Market streets. These 
 were soon found to be wholly inadequate to the 
 necessary supply, and were in a few years 
 superseded by the works at Fairmount. By 
 the first arrangement, the water was let into a 
 basin, formed with suitable gates, at the foot of 
 Chesnut street, and thence conveyed by an 
 aqueduct, 460 feet in length to the water shaft 
 at the lower engine house. Here it was raised 
 by the engine and forcing pumps into a tunnel, 
 6 feet in diameter, extending along Chesnut 
 and Broad streets, 3144 feet, to the other engine 
 house at the Centre, now called Penn square. 
 At this point, the water was again elevated by 
 the second engine into a reservoir 36 feet above 
 the ground, and thence into an iron distributing 
 tank, from which the wooden pipes then in use, 
 conducted the water through [the various parts 
 of the city. The total cost of this establishment 
 from its commencement in 1799, to its abandon- 
 ment in 1815, was $657,398 91, including 
 $898 94 '^'■for whiskey;''' and the amount of 
 water rents received during the same period, 
 was $105,351 18, leaving a balance chargeable 
 to the city treasury of $552,047 73. 
 
 In August, 1812, the construction of the 
 steam works at Fairmount was commenced, 
 
12 FAIRMOUNT. 
 
 and in September, 1815, was so far completed 
 as to afford a partial supply of water to the 
 citizens. In 1818, after expending $320,669 84 
 in the erection and support of these works, it 
 became apparent that a more economical sys- 
 tem, and one better calculated to secure the 
 object in view, than the one then in use, must 
 be adopted, and in compliance with a recom- 
 mendation of the watering committee, councils 
 immediately appropriated $350,000, and autho- 
 rized the erection of the dam and other works, 
 now in operation at Fairmount. 
 
 The dam, a mound of earth and stone, 
 planked on its southern side, is 1600 feet in 
 length, including the western pier, 150 wide at 
 the base, 12 at top, and varying in height from 
 36 to 12 feet. The entire length of the over- 
 fall is 1204 feet, the eastern embankment 270, 
 and the head arches through which the water 
 flows into the mill race, 104 feet. At the west- 
 ern end of the dam is a short canal, with 2 
 guard, and 2 lift locks, constructed at the ex- 
 pense of the city, by agreement, for the use of 
 the Schuylkill Navigation Company. 
 
 The strength of this dam has been subjected 
 to many severe trials, but it has hitherto es- 
 caped serious injury. The great ice freshet of 
 the 26th January, 1839, when the water rose 
 10 feet 2 inches above the top of the dam, and 
 12 feet 3 inches above high water in the river 
 below, affected it more than any previous one. 
 It completely inundated all the pump machine- 
 ry, and by its force burst open the doors and 
 considerably injured the partitions, floors, &,c. 
 of the mill houses, and carried away some of 
 the planking and masonry of the dam. 
 
 The mill race forms a parallelogram, exca- 
 vated from compact gneiss rock, to a mean 
 
FAIEMOUNT. 13 
 
 depth of 38 feet, is 419 feet long, from north to 
 south, 90 feet wide, and 6 feet deep below the 
 overfall of the dam. It is bounded by a paved 
 avenue, 253 feet long and 26 wide, and the mill 
 houses on the west; on the east by the rocky 
 and nearly vertical side of Fairmount, 70 or 80 
 feet in height, and on the north by the head 
 arches, which are so constructed as to allow 
 the passage into the race of a body of water 
 60 feet wide and 6 feet deep. By means of a 
 waste gate, the water in the race may be drawn 
 off and discharged into the river below the 
 dam. The mill buildings are of stone, 238 feet 
 long and 56 wide. The lower floor is divided 
 into 12 apartments, 4 are intended for 8 double 
 forcing pumps, of which six have been intro- 
 duced. The other apartments are for the fore- 
 bays leading to the water wheels. These 
 wheels are all of the same length, but not of the 
 same diameter, are formed of wood, having iron 
 shafts weighing about five tons each. The 
 pumps with a head equal in weight to 7900 
 lbs., force the water into the reservoirs at the 
 top of the mount, 92 feet in height. The first 
 of which was put in motion on the 1st of July, 
 1822. It is 15 feet long and 15 feet in diame- 
 ter, working under one foot head and seven feet 
 fall. It forces one and a quarter millions of 
 gallons of water to the receiving basin in twen- 
 ty-four hours, with a stroke of the pump of four 
 and a half feet, a diameter of 16 inches, and 
 the wheel making eleven and a half revolutions 
 in a minute. Five have since been put in ope- 
 ration, some of which make thirteen strokes in 
 a minute, with small additional water fall, and 
 force one and a half million of gallons in tv/enty- 
 four hours. Though the wheels are sunk below 
 
 B 
 
14 FAIRMOUNT. 
 
 the ordinary line of high water, they are seldom 
 affected except when the back water is about 
 sixteen inches on the wheel. 
 
 The pumps are worked by a crank on the 
 water wheel attached to a pitman connected 
 with the piston at the end of the slides. They 
 are fed under a natural head of water, from the 
 forebays of the water wheel, and are calculated 
 for a six feet stroke, but they are generally 
 worked with not more than five feet. They 
 are double forcing pumps, and are each con- 
 nected with an iron main 16 inches in diameter, 
 which is carried along the bottom of the race, 
 to the foot of the mount, and thence up the bank 
 into the reservoir, 92 feet above the dam. The 
 lowest estimate of the quantity of water afford- 
 ed by the river in dry seasons, is 440,000,000 
 of gallons in 24 hours. The average quantity 
 of water raised by each wheel and pump is 
 about 530,000 gallons daily, but when the 
 whole six wheels are put in motion, they can 
 supply 6,000,000 of gallons in the 24 hours. 
 The average daily consumption of water for the 
 present year is about 4,000,000 of gallons, or 
 177 for each permit. 
 
 The reservoirs are lined with stone, and paved 
 with bricks, laid upon a very tenacious clay 
 bed, in strong lime cement, and made water 
 tight. They are 12^ feet in depth. The whole 
 cost of the reservoirs was $133,824 42. From 
 the central reservoir the water is conducted 
 into the city by means of two iron pipes, one 
 20 and the other 22 inches in diameter. One 
 passes down the north and the other down the 
 south slope of the mount, each is nearly 10,000 
 feet in length ; additional mains have since 
 been inserted in the same reservoir. In 182], 
 
FAIRMOUKT. 15 
 
 the work of laying down iron distributing pipes 
 was commenced, and gradually displaced the 
 old wooden pipes which had been used pre- 
 viously and exclusively. Of the 30 miles of 
 wooden pipes laid from Fairmount through the 
 city, in 1819, only 3 miles remain. Since the 
 introduction of iron pipes there have been laid 
 62.62 miles of them up to January, 1840 ; add 
 to which 48,13 miles laid by the districts, and 
 we have 109.75 miles. They extend about four 
 miles in a south-east direction, and nearly the 
 same distance towards the north-east. The 
 larger iron pipes were originally imported from 
 England; the whole cost of which, however, 
 does not exceed $20,000 ; whilst those furnished 
 by American manufacturers amount to $497, 
 171 37. 
 
 The expense of supplying the city by steam 
 power, with the same quantity of water now 
 used, would be $206 a day ; whilst the cost by 
 water power, is $7 a day. This includes at- 
 tendants' wages, fuel, light, &.c. The estima- 
 ted expenses for the year 1840, including gene- 
 ral repairs and improvements, and extension of 
 pipes, is $27,500 ; and the amount of the water 
 rents for the same year is $127,234 25 ; from 
 which deduct tfic annual appropriation to the 
 sinking fund, $17,000, and the estimated ex- 
 penses for 1840, $21,209 67; making in all 
 $38,209 67, and a balance remains, applicable 
 to any other purpose, of $89,024 58. The whole 
 sum expended at Fairmount since the employ- 
 ment of water power was determined on, up to 
 December 31st, 1839, is $1,464,146 21; and 
 the amount paid for salaries, labour and inci- 
 dental expenses from 1812, is $379,428 19; 
 making a total of $1,843,674 40. The amount 
 
16 FAIRMOUNT. 
 
 of revenue derived from the city and districts 
 for the use of the water, from the commence- 
 ment of the works is $1,493,024 53. 
 
 In addition to the innumerable pipes which 
 convey the water into dwellings, &c., there are 
 now distributed throughout the city and liber- 
 ties 1007 "fire plugs," so called, to which, in 
 case of fire, hoses, corresponding in calibre 
 with the cavity of the plugs are attached, and 
 thus convey the water to the engines, or, as is 
 often the case, directly to the fire. 
 
 The average daily supply of water for the city 
 and districts, during each quarter of the year 
 1839, was as follows : 
 
 Gallons. 
 
 January, February and March, . 2,981,560 
 
 April, May and June, . . 4,363,191 
 
 July, August and September, . 4,573,465 
 
 October, November, December, . 3,995,211 
 
 This shows an average daily supply for the 
 
 year, of 3,978,357 gallons; and exceeds the 
 
 consumption of the preceding year by 127,710 
 
 gallons. 
 
 In the city, the cost to each family supplied 
 with water by private pipes, is $5 a year ; the 
 owner or occupant of the house paying all ex- 
 penses of the introduction of the water into the 
 premises. In the districts, each family pays 
 $7 50 for the like supply. Hotels, manufacto- 
 ries, &c., pay an amount in proportion to the 
 water supposed to be used, and generally at as 
 high rates as families. 
 
 Their payments vary from $10 to $600 per 
 annum. The Counly Prison pays $500; the 
 City and Northern Liberties Gas-works, each 
 $200 ; United States Mint, $85 ; stable keepers 
 pay each $1 a year for each horse kept by 
 
INDEPENDENCE SQUARE. 17 
 
 them ; hydrants for washing pavements, $2 
 each; small houses in the rear of other build- 
 ings, $2 50 ; and for openings, in private baths 
 or lodging rooms, $3, Establishments similar 
 to that at Fairmount, are now in successful ope- 
 ration in Richmond and Lynchburg, Virginia ; 
 Nashville, Tennessee ; Cincinnati, Ohio ; Wil- 
 mington, Delaware ; Pittsburg, Lancaster, Al- 
 lentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; the 
 latter was established in 1752, and is probably 
 the first work of the kind erected in this coun- 
 try. 
 
 PUBLIC SQUARES. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE SaUARE. 
 
 Between Chesnut and Walnut streets and 5th 
 
 and 6th streets, 
 
 Sometimes called the State House Garden, 
 being in the rear of that building. It is sur- 
 rounded by a solid brick wall to the height of 
 three or four feet above the adjacent streets, 
 upon which an iron railing is placed. 
 
 The entire area is laid off with ground walks 
 and grass plots, which with its majestic trees, 
 forms one of the most inviting spots within the 
 bounds of the city. It was within this enclosure 
 that the Declaration of American Independence 
 was first publicly read ; and here as in days 
 of old, the people now assemble to hear, not the 
 declaration of independence, but the noisy and 
 senseless harangues of party leaders, and to 
 witness the tumults and disorders to which they 
 sometimes lead. 
 
18 AVASHINGTON SQUARE. 
 
 WASHINGTON SaUARE. 
 
 Between Walnut and Locust and Sixth and 
 Washington streets. 
 
 Among the vast multitudes of persons of all 
 ages, sexes and conditions, who now frequent 
 this delightful promenade, there are but few 
 perhaps who are acquainted with its origin and 
 the uses to which it was formerly applied. 
 From the elegance and variety that here attract 
 the eye, the aged citizen spontaneously recalls 
 to memory the scenes of" 93" and " 98," when 
 this now inviting spot, was made the receptacle 
 of the dead ; " the bourne from whence no trav- 
 eller returns ;" and pictures to his view the silent 
 mansions to which many a victim of the then 
 raging pestilence, was hurried by his affirighted 
 attendants. In this our day is seen nought but 
 gayety and life, treading over the remains of the 
 sepulchered dead. Scenes such as these, viewed 
 in connection with the past, are well fitted to 
 awaken emotions of the highest and most 
 afiecting character. We stand, as it were upon 
 the confines of two worlds ; and as the mood of 
 our minds may be, we gather lessons of pro- 
 found wisdom by contrasting the one with the 
 other, or indulge in dreams of hope and ambi- 
 tion, or solace our hearts by melancholy medi- 
 tions. — From the gloomy past we gladly turn to 
 the cheerful and animating scenes of the pres- 
 ent. — Washington square lies immediately to 
 the south-west of Independence square, and 
 like that beautiful spot, is laid out with gravel- 
 led walks and planted with a variety of trees 
 and shrubbery, and the whole environed by a 
 substantial iron railing. It is proposed to erect 
 in the centre of the square, a splendid monument 
 
FRANKLIN SQUARE. 19 
 
 to the memory of the great man whose name it 
 bears. Measures for effecting this object have 
 been for some time in progress, which is hoped 
 will speedily result in its accomplishment. 
 
 FRANKLIN SaUARE. 
 
 Between Race and Vine, and Sixth and Frank- 
 lin streets. 
 
 This square is also laid off as a public walk ; 
 it is embellished with a great variety of trees 
 grass plots, &c. A portion of this square has 
 been used as a burying place by the German 
 Society, which for several years manfully re- 
 sisted all the attempts of the city authorities to 
 desecrate their sanctuary. By repeated over- 
 tures, and probably worried by the perseverance 
 of their assailants, the Society was ultimately 
 induced to yield; and all traces of their ceme- 
 tery are now entirely obliterated. The area 
 now presents an unbroken parallelogram, 632 
 by 550 feet ; in the centre of which has been 
 erected a magnificent fountain, a sight of which 
 will amply compensate the pedestrian for half 
 an hour's walk in reaching it. 
 
 LOGAN SQUARE, 
 
 Between Race and Vine and Schuylkill Fifth 
 and Logan streets. 
 
 This square is now in course of improvement, 
 the design being to throw it open to the public. 
 It is somewhat larger than Franklin square, 
 and when similarly improved will afford a de- 
 lightful place of resort for the neighbouring cit- 
 
20 INDEPENDENCE HALL» 
 
 EITTENHOUSE SGIUARE. 
 
 B^ween Walnut and Locust and Schuylkill 
 Fifth and Third streets. 
 
 Our remarks upon Logan* square may be 
 applied to Rittenhouse square; its object and 
 present condition, being similar in all respects. 
 
 PENN SaUARE. 
 At the intersection of Broad and Market streets. 
 
 The ground now occupied by Penn square 
 or squares, for there are four distinct enclosures, 
 formed what was originally called the " centre 
 square," which " if we may be allowed the ex- 
 pression," was a perfect circle, bounded by a 
 pale fence and inclosing the distributing reser- 
 voir of the city water works. 
 
 Some years since this area was divided into 
 four parts by running Market and Broad streets 
 through it, the water works having been pre- 
 viously removed. No improvements have yet 
 been made within the enclosures, which now 
 present nothing but a dull and monotonous 
 expanse of grass and weeds. 
 
 STATE HOUSE OR INDEPENDENCE HALL. 
 
 This venerable structure, built in 1735, stands 
 on the northern side of Independence square, 
 and is now occupied by the public offices, halls 
 of the courts, &c. It fronts on Chesnut 
 street, and including the wings, which are of 
 modern construction, extends from Fifth to 
 Sixth street. 
 
 It was in this building that Congress, on the 
 4th of July, 1776, adopted the memorable De- 
 claration of Independence, which was publicly 
 proclaimed from its steps on the same day. 
 
 Some parts of the original building have 
 
UNIVERSITY. 21 
 
 been removed and others defaced. Nearly the 
 whole of the wood work of Independence 
 Hall was, some years since, displaced to make 
 room for more modern decorations. These 
 were scarcely completed, when a new corpora- 
 tion, more patriotic than their predecessors, 
 directed the restoration of the hall to its origi- 
 nal simplicity. It now presents the same ap- 
 pearance it did at the moment when "these 
 United States were first declared free, sovereign 
 and independent." 
 
 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTI- 
 TUTIONS. 
 
 UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. 
 
 Situated on the west side of Ninth street between 
 
 Market and Chesnut streets. 
 
 They consist of two handsome and appro- 
 priate brick edifices, stuccoed in imitation of 
 granite, each 85 feet front and 112 deep, and 
 surrounded by an open area tastefully arranged 
 with gravel walks, &c. The whole is en- 
 closed by substantial iron-railing. 
 
 This admirable institution was formed in 
 1791, by the union of the old University and 
 College of Philadelphia. The most important 
 branch of the University is that of the school of 
 Medicine, the foundation of which was laid in 
 1764 by Dr. Wm. Shippen. For a considerable 
 number of years past, the students who attend- 
 ed the medical lectures in the University have 
 exceeded four hundred annually. There are 
 eleven professorships besides those of medicine ; 
 and a charity school supported by funds of the 
 institution. 
 
22 eiRAED COLLEGE. 
 
 lEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE. 
 
 In Tenth street helow Chesnut street. 
 
 The Jefferson Medical College, originally a 
 l)raneh of Jefferson College at Canonsburg; 
 was instituted in 1825 and subsequently char- 
 tered by the legislature with the customary 
 powers- Within a few years this college, under 
 the sanction of legislative enactments, separated 
 itself from the parent institution, and is now in- 
 dependent, and in a flourishing condition. The 
 average annual number of its students for some 
 years past was about three hundred. The ana- 
 tomical museum attached to this institution, 
 which is open to the inspection of any respect- 
 able visiter, is admirably arranged, and cannot 
 fail to gratify such as feel an interest in ana- 
 domical preparations. 
 
 GIRARD COLLEGE, 
 Ridge Road above Francisville. 
 
 Stephen Girard, the founder of this admirable 
 charity, was a native of France. Having in 
 «arly life established himself in Philadelphia, 
 in the first instance as a small dealer, and sub- 
 sequently as a merchant and banker, he soon 
 acquired considerable property, which by perse- 
 vering industry and rigid economy, guided by 
 a sound and discriminating mind, continued to 
 accumulate until the moment of his death, in 
 1831, when it exceeded $6,000,000, in value. 
 A large portion of this immense estate con- 
 sisting of houses and lots chiefly in Philadelphia, 
 and lands in Pennsylvania and Louisiana, bank 
 and other stocks, was appropriated to the erec. 
 tion and support of the College for Orphan s^ 
 whiah bj tliS terms of his will, devolved upon 
 
eiRARD COLLEGE, 23 
 
 the eity councils, who were charged with the 
 execution of his benevolent design. 
 
 This splendid establishment when corapletedy 
 will consist of live distinct edifices, extending 
 in a line from east to west and facing Girard 
 street at its intersection with College Aven-ge, 
 The dimensions of the main building, which is 
 the first object of attention in ascending the 
 avenue from the south, are two hundred and 
 eighteen feet from north to south, one hundred 
 sixty feet from east to west, including the plat- 
 form which supports the columns, and ninety- 
 seven feet in height. 
 
 The remaining four buildings, situated two 
 on either side of the principal edifice, are fifty- 
 two by one hundred and twenty-five feet each, 
 and two stories high, with commodious base- 
 ments. The professors will occupy the east- 
 ernmost building, which is so constructed as to 
 accommodate four distinct families. The other 
 three are designed for the residence of the pupils. 
 
 The " college" or centre building, with its 
 beautiful columns and gorgeous capitals, atosice 
 rivets the attention of the beholder. There are 
 thirty-four columns resting upon a platform, ren- 
 dered firm and substantial by a corresponding 
 number of inverted arches. These support an 
 entablature sixteen feet high, in imitation of a 
 Grecian temple. Each column, including capi- 
 tal and base, is fifty-five feet in height, and six 
 feet in diameter at the base, which is three feel 
 high and nine feet in diameter. There is a 
 clear space of fifteen feet between the columns 
 and the body of the building. At each end of 
 this space, is a doorway thirty-two feet in 
 height and sixteen in width, decorated with 
 massy architraves, beneath a figured cornice, 
 
24 GIRARD COLLEGE. 
 
 supported by consoles. The vestibule at each 
 door is twenty-six by forty-eight feet ; the 
 ceiling of each is supported by eight marble 
 columns and eight antae of the Ionic order. 
 Immediately above these vestibules in the 
 second story, are an equal number of lobbies, 
 the ceilings of which are supported by Corin- 
 thian columns. Marble stairways are erected 
 at each corner of the building, which are chiefly 
 lighted from above. There are four apartments 
 on each floor. The ceilings of those on the 
 first and second floor, are groin-arched, and 
 those of the third floor are vaulted, with a cen- 
 tral sky light on a line with the roof. 
 
 With the exception of the doors the entire 
 structure is fire proof; and is warmed by fur- 
 naces in the usual manner. 
 
 From the great mass of material employed 
 in these buildings, and the splendour of their 
 decorations, it may be readily imagined that the 
 cost of construction will be immense. In 
 viewing the college and its ponderous but mag- 
 nificent columns, the question naturally sug- 
 gests itself, whether a building adapted to all 
 the purposes of such an establishment, could 
 not have been erected more speedily and eco- 
 nomically than the one now in progress ? 
 
 The vast amount (about one million one hun- 
 dred thousand dollars) already expended upon the 
 work and the sura still required to complete the 
 edifice, cannot fail we think, to deprive the in- 
 stitulion to a large extent of its means of support, 
 and thus limit its future usefulness. The delay 
 in its organization, resulting from the adoption 
 of so expensive and tedious a plan of construc- 
 tion, is a matter of much regret to the friends 
 of the institution, who cannot but view such 
 delay and profuse expenditure, with apprehen- 
 sion and alarm. 
 
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 25 
 
 AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 
 Hall, South Fifth below Chesnut street. 
 
 This ancient and respectable institution ori- 
 ginated under the present title in 1740, princi- 
 pally through the exertions of Dr. Franklin. 
 In 1766, another institution was formed called 
 " The American Society for promoting useful 
 knowledge." These societies being nearly 
 similar in every respect, it was deemed expe- 
 dient to consolidate them, and in 1769, they 
 were united under the title of "The American 
 Philosophical Society, held in Philadelphia for 
 promoting useful knowledge." The building 
 in which the Society holds its meetings, and 
 which contains its collections of minerals and 
 excellent library, stands on the west side of 
 Fifth street in the rear of the State House. 
 
 In addition to its library of nearly 10,000 
 volumes, the Society has collected and arranged 
 in admirable order, many rare specimens of 
 minerals and fossils, and a vast number of an- 
 cient relics, and other interesting objects. 
 
 Respectable strangers find a ready admit- 
 tance 10 the Hall oh application to the venerable 
 librarian, John Vaughan, Esq. Strangers, 
 members of other learned societies, are also 
 admitted to the meetings of the society when 
 introduced by a member. The Society now 
 issues, for the use of its members, monthly 
 bulletins of its transactions ; and at convenient 
 intervals the whole are embodied and published 
 in a larger and more durable form. The 
 Society is charged with the distribution of 
 the " Magellanic fund," so called. This fund 
 was presented in 1786 by John Hyacinth 
 Magellan, of London, for the purchase of 
 medals of gold, not exceeding $45 in value, to 
 c 
 
26 FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. 
 
 be awarded by the Society " to the author of 
 the best discovery or most useful invention 
 relating to navigation, astronomy or natural 
 philosophy." 
 
 ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. 
 
 Though incorporated so late as 1817, this 
 institution is already in a very flourishing con- 
 dition. Besides a well chosen library, exceed- 
 ing 9000 volumes, the Society possesses an ex- 
 tensive collection of objects in natural history. 
 It has lately removed to its new and splendid 
 hall in JBroad street between Chesnut and Wal- 
 nut streets. The Society publishes its trans- 
 actions under the title of the Journal of the 
 Academy of Natural Sciences. Strangers are 
 admitted to all its meetings except those of 
 business. — The hall is open to visiters on the 
 afternoon of every Saturday. 
 
 FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. 
 
 This useful institution which is situated in 
 Seventh street below Market street, was incor- 
 porated in 1824. Its members, nearly 3000 in 
 number, consist of manufacturers, artists and 
 mechanics, and persons friendly to the mechanic 
 arts. According to its charter, the objects of 
 the Institute are •' The promotion and encour- 
 agement of manufactures and the mechanic and 
 useful arts, by the establishment of popular lec- 
 tures on the sciences connected with them, by 
 the formation of a cabinet of models and mine- 
 rals, and a library; by offering premiums on 
 all subjects deemed worthy of encouragement^; 
 by examining all new inventions submitted to 
 them, and by such other means as they may 
 
ATHENEUM. 27 
 
 deem expedient." The annual contribution of 
 each member is $3, but the payment of 25 con- 
 stitutes a member for life without any further 
 pecuniary contribution. Two-thirds of the 
 managers must be manufacturers or mechanics. 
 The annual exhibitions of this active and mer- 
 itorious association, never fail to attract and 
 gratify immense numbers of visiters. Lectures 
 on mechanical and scientific subjects are deli- 
 vered by professors appointed by the Institute 
 during the winter months, and a journal of its 
 transactions is published monthly. Attached 
 to the Institute is a public reading room, where 
 most of the periodical journals of the day may 
 be found. Strangers are admitted to the rooms 
 of the Institute on application to the actuary, 
 Mr. Hamilton, whose obliging disposition is only 
 equalled by his zeal in the discharge of his va- 
 rious duties. 
 
 ATHENEUM. 
 Fifths below Chesnut street. 
 
 The Association which bears this name was 
 incorporated in 1815, and established in the 
 lower rooms of the Hall of the American Philo- 
 sophical Society in South Fifth street, below 
 Chesnut street. The Atheneum now contains, 
 besides the current periodical journals, a library 
 consisting of several thousand volumes. The 
 rooms are open every day and evening, except 
 Sunday, from 8 o'clock a. m. until 10 p. m., 
 from November 1st to May 1st, and from 
 7 o'clock A. M. until 10 p. m., from April 30th 
 to October 31st of each year. 
 
 Strangers are admitted gratuitously for one 
 month on the introduction by a member, who 
 is bound to insert the name of the visiter in a 
 
28 MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 
 
 register kept for that purpose. Strangers may- 
 avail themselves of the benefits of the institution 
 on the payment of three dollars for three months, 
 or six dollars for six months. The current 
 expenses of the association are paid from funds 
 contributed by stockholders and subscribers ; 
 the former pay five dollars, and the latter ten 
 dollars per annum. 
 
 Its present location is merely temporary, as it 
 is proposed to erect a building every way suited 
 to the purposes of the institution. A donation 
 often thousand dollars for this object, was lately 
 made to the Athene um by one of its leading 
 members. 
 
 MERCANTILE LIBRARY. 
 
 Chesnut street, between Fourth and Fifth sts. 
 
 This institution vi^as formed in 1822, for the 
 purpose of diff'using mercantile knowledge. 
 It consists of some five or six thousand volumes, 
 chiefly on subjects of commerce and its kin- 
 dred pursuits. Within a few years the insti- 
 tution has greatly extended the sphere of its 
 usefulness. In connexion with the Athenian 
 Institute, an association of more recent date, 
 the Mercantile Library has caused the delivery 
 of popular courses of lectures on commerce, 
 commercial law, the arts, sciences and litera- 
 ture. Though this union has been dissolved, 
 the zeal of the members of both institutes ap- 
 pears to have acquired additional vigor: lectures 
 continue to be delivered at the halls of each 
 during the winter months. The lectures are 
 open to the public on the payment of a small 
 fee, which goes to defray the expenses attend- 
 ing their delivery. Members pay an initiative 
 fee of ten dollars, and two dollars annually. 
 
HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 29 
 
 ATHENIAN INSTITUTE. 
 
 Lecture Room in the Musical Fund Hall. 
 
 The objects of the Athenian Institute, are in 
 some respects similar to those of its late col- 
 league, the Mercantile Library. Its leading- 
 aim, however, is to improve the taste for literary- 
 pursuits, by the delivery of popular lectures on 
 appropriate subjects. The success of the insti- 
 tution has been most signal. Its efforts in the 
 interesting course, have been seconded to a 
 great extent by the most intelligent and influ- 
 ential part of the public. The lectures are open 
 to the public on terms similar to those of the 
 Mercantile Library. 
 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 Fifths below Chesnut street. 
 
 This institution was founded for the purpose 
 of diffusing a knowledge of our local history, 
 especially in relation to the state of Pennsylvania. 
 It has caused to be published, a great mass of 
 valuable information on subjects connected 
 with the early history of Pennsylvania, and it 
 is now actively engaged in the promotion of 
 these laudable objects. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. 
 
 Zane, above Seventh street. 
 
 This is a school in which Pharmacy, an im- 
 portant branch of therapeutic science, is taught. 
 It consists in an intimate acquaintance with 
 the preparation of medical' materials, and is 
 hence the doctrine of procuring, arranging, and 
 c2 
 
30 MEDICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 compounding the various articles of the Materia 
 Medica. 
 
 As the first regularly organised institution 
 of the kind in the United States, its establish- 
 ment forms an era in the medical history of our 
 country. Its objects are to impart appropriate 
 instruction; to inspect drugs; to examine the 
 candidates for preferment; and to cultivate a 
 taste for medical science. Its influence and 
 growing reputation afford conclusive evidence 
 of its great utility. 
 
 MEDICAL INSTITUTE. 
 Locust^ above Eleventh Street. 
 
 Is a school in which the elementary branches 
 of medical science, in all their relations, are 
 taught. Its operation is partly to prepare for 
 the universities, and partly to furnish the means 
 of appropriate instruction to students during 
 the summer recess of the latter, and to examine 
 them in the progress they make. Some of its 
 active members are attached to the higher 
 schools : these, with others equally eminent in 
 the profession, render the institution exceeding- 
 ly popular among the medical classes. 
 
 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY, 
 
 Is considered an old institution in the pro- 
 fession. Its object is the general promotion of 
 medical science, and the regulation of its 
 ethics. The principal mode in which useful 
 results are aimed at, is the delivery of lectures, 
 followed by debates upon the subjects thus 
 brought forward. A considerable number of 
 students attend the discussions as junior mem- 
 bers; and the practice has been thought of 
 considerable utility. 
 
PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY, 31 
 
 THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, 
 
 Is also entitled to the respect derived from 
 age — having- existed before the revolution. It 
 published a half volume of transactions at an 
 early period, v^hich, however, has not been 
 repeated — various publications of its members 
 having been made in other ways, with the 
 permission or authority of the body. This 
 association has been occasionally consulted by 
 the executive of the state, on public questions 
 requiring medical opinions. It is one of the 
 principal sources from which proceeded the 
 Pharmacopseia of the United States. The col- 
 lege also entertains discussions ; but students 
 and physicians under a certain age are not 
 admitted. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. 
 
 The Medical department of this institution 
 is established temporarily in Filbert street. It 
 is of recent origin, the first course of lectures 
 which was well attended having been delivered 
 in the winter of 1839-'40. The medical faculty 
 of this institution is authorised by law to con. 
 fer degrees. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY COMPANY. 
 
 This valuable establishment, sometimes 
 called " The Philadelphia Library," and again, 
 " The Associate Library," is situated on the 
 eastern side of Fifth street, and nearly opposite 
 the Hall of the American Philosophical Society 
 and Atheneeum. Taken as a whole, the Phila- 
 delphia Library is composed of the collection 
 
32 apprentices' library. 
 
 made since its establishment by Dr. Franklin, 
 in 1731, and of the Loganian Library. These 
 collections are kept ia separate rooms of the 
 same edifice, but are under the direction of the 
 same board of managers, and are in fact one 
 librarj'-. The front room, or Philadelphia 
 Library, contains upwards of thirty thousand 
 volumes, embracing works on almost every 
 branch of general knowledge. The Loganian 
 Library formerly belonged to the late Dr. 
 Logan, and is composed of about eleven thou- 
 sand volumes of rare books, chiefly classical. 
 
 This library, when open, is free to every 
 respectable person — for whose accommodation 
 tables and seats are provided. 
 
 friends' lirrary. 
 Corner of Fourth and Arch streets. 
 
 This collection, amounting to about three 
 thousand volumes, is used on the most liberal 
 terms ; the books being lent free of charge, to 
 any respectable applicant, who is known or 
 suitably recommended to those who have it in 
 charge. 
 
 apprentices' library. 
 
 Seventh, between Market and Arch streets. 
 
 Consists of a large and valuable collection of 
 books, chiefly adapted to the taste and capaci- 
 ties of young men, apprentices, for whose use 
 the institution was established. The right of 
 using the books is confined to contributors and 
 their apprentices ; but the former have the 
 power of granting permission to others — so 
 that there are very few, desirous of participating 
 
CUSTOM HOUSE. 33 
 
 in the benefits of the institution, who may not 
 do so. 
 
 NORTHERN LIBERTIES LIBRARY. 
 
 No. 260 North Third street. 
 
 SPRING GARDEN LIBRARY. 
 
 No. 3 Spring Garden street. 
 
 SOUTHWARK LIBRARY. 
 Second^ opposite German street. 
 
 These three institutions are each provided 
 with valuable collections — are conducted on 
 the most liberal principles — afford the same 
 facilities to readers, and are in most particulars 
 organized on the same plan as the city libra- 
 ry- 
 
 COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 Second, below Dock street. 
 
 Is a neat structure, designed by Strickland. 
 The front of the basement is of marble — the 
 remainder of the exterior of brick. A niche 
 in the front contains a statue emblematic of 
 Commerce, by Rush. The principal building, 
 as well as the stores attached to it, stand some 
 distance from the line of the street with which 
 they communicate, by means of an iron gate 
 placed in the brick wall in front 
 
34 exchange. 
 
 merchants' exchange. 
 
 Between Dock, Walnut, and Third streets. 
 
 Previously to the erection of the present 
 Exchange, the merchants and traders of the 
 city assembled in the old building in Second 
 street, next the Pennsylvania Bank, now occu- 
 pied as an auction store, by Mr. Birch. The 
 nevs7 building, vphich is of marble, was com- 
 menced in 1834, under the direction, and from 
 the design of Mr. Strickland. It occupies a 
 triangular space, formed by Third, Walnut, 
 and Dock streets. It is in the form of a paral- 
 lelogram, its greatest length, being in a di- 
 rection from west to east. Its eastern fa§ade 
 presents a perfect peristyle, with Corinthian 
 columns, raised upon a basement of about 
 twelve feet in height. The columns form a 
 fine piazza in the form of a semicircle, its 
 chord being the eastern side of the main build- 
 ing : the whole appearance of the structure is 
 imposing and magnificent in a high degree. 
 The principal door, on Third street, opens into 
 a handsome vestibule in the basement story, 
 which unites with a convenient passage, ex- 
 tending the whole length of the building, with 
 doors on each side, which' communicate with 
 apartments fronting on Walnut and Dock 
 streets. Those on Walnut street are occupied 
 by insurance and broker's ofiices. A spacious 
 suite of rooms, fronting on Dock street, is 
 appropriated to the business of the city post- 
 office. The communications between the dif- 
 ferent ofiices in the basement are managed in 
 the most convenient manner imaginable. The 
 first floor is divided into several apartments : 
 that on the eastern side of the building is 
 
35 
 
 devoted to the use of the subscribers, who 
 assemble during the business hours of the day. 
 It is splendidly embellished by paintings and 
 ornamental devices. The floor consists of 
 beautiful mosaic, which supports four appro- 
 priate columns. Immediately adjoining the 
 rotunda, is a spacious reading-room, well sup- 
 plied with the current literature of the day. 
 The entire edifice is considered one of the most 
 perfect and beautiful structures of the kind in 
 the United States. 
 
 ARCADE. 
 
 C/iesnut, above Sixth street. 
 
 The general plan of the Arcade, an imita- 
 tion of a Greek temple, is well adapted to the 
 purposes for which it was designed. Both of 
 the fronts are of Pennsylvania marble, per- 
 forated with arches that extend through the 
 entire building. Four arches springing from 
 the sculptured caps of the arches, support a 
 broad frieze, upon which rests a cornice sur- 
 mounted by a balustrade. The elevation of 
 the front on Chesnut street contains niches and 
 friezes, enriched with figures emblematic of 
 the character of the edifice. On the ground 
 floor there are two avenues, with stone floors, 
 extending the entire depth of the building. 
 The stores front upon these avenues — each 14 
 feet in width : those adjoining the outer walls 
 are about one half the size of those of the 
 centre, which extend from one avenue to the 
 other; each having two fronts. The second 
 floor, which is attained by a double flight of 
 marble steps at each end, is divided into stores 
 similar to those on the ground floor, with a 
 narrow gallery supported by iron framing, 
 
36 MINT. 
 
 which is strongly imbedded in the walls : each 
 store is fire-proof. 
 
 The third story was prepared expressly for 
 the Philadelphia Museum, which continued to 
 occupy it until the completion of its beautiful 
 hall in Ninth street, where it was transferred 
 in 1839. The cellar is occupied as a refectory. 
 The Arcade building has a front on Chesnut 
 of one hundred feet, and extends back to Car- 
 penter street one hundred and fifty feet. It is 
 lighted from the roof, which consists of two 
 immense sashes slightly inclined, one on each 
 side of the central block, the third story of 
 which receives most of its light from above. 
 
 UNITED STATES MINT. 
 Corner of Chesnut and Juniper streets. 
 
 This establishment was formed by the 
 government of the United States, in 1790, at 
 Philadelphia, where it still continues. The 
 operation of coining was commenced in 1793, 
 in the building now occupied by the Appren- 
 tices' Library, in Seventh street, whence the 
 apparatus was removed in 1830, to its present 
 location in Chesnut street, above Thirteenth. 
 
 The whole of the exterior of this splendid 
 edifice is of white marble. The plan, (furnished 
 by Mr. Strickland,) is an imitation of a Grecian 
 Ionic temple. It comprises several distinct 
 apartments, some devoted to the various pro- 
 cesses of melting the metal, and reducing it 
 into thin plates, milling and stamping the coin, 
 &c., and others to the administration of this 
 department of the public service. 
 
 The principal fa§ade, on Chesnut street, is 
 one hundred and twenty-two feet, that on 
 Juniper street is considerably more. 
 
BAiVKS. 37 
 
 The process of coinage is among' the most 
 interesting- and attractive to those who have 
 never u^itnessed such operations. Strangers 
 are admitted during the morning hours of each 
 day, on application to the proper otiicer. 
 
 BANKS. 
 
 BANK OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Chesnut, above Third street. 
 
 This bank, originally chartered by Congress, 
 in 17bl, is the first institution of the kind 
 organised in the United States. Its charter 
 was subsequently confirmed by the state legis- 
 lature, and renewed from time to time, as occa- 
 sion required. Like most untried measures, 
 its establishment was stoutly resisted by many 
 influential individuals, whose efforts were at 
 length crowned with success, and its charter 
 was repealed in 1785. This caused merely a 
 temporary suspension of operations : a new 
 charter having been obtained from the legisla- 
 ture, it resumed business, and has continued its 
 operations without further interruption, down 
 to the present time. In its early days, the 
 bank of North America became intimately and 
 extensively connected with the affairs of the 
 general government, which were so entirely 
 merged in those of the bank, during the revo- 
 lutionary struggle, that Robert Morris declared 
 in the most emphatic manner, that,' without its 
 aid, the business of his department of finance 
 could not be carried on. Such was the want 
 
38 BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 of public confidence in the new institution, at 
 the time of its formation, that only two hun- 
 dred shares out of the one thousand, which 
 constituted the capital of the bank, were taken ; 
 and it was some time after the bank had com- 
 menced operation, (January, 1783,) that the 
 amount of subscriptions paid in exceeded 
 $70,000. The present capital of the bank is 
 $1,000,000, divided into shares of $400 each. 
 
 BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 Second, helow Chesnut street. 
 
 Was incorporated March 30th, 1793, for 
 twenty years — since renewed. Capital stock 
 $2,500,000 ; shares $400 each. The building, 
 modelled after a Grecian temple, was designed 
 by Mr. Latrobe, under whose superintendence 
 it was erected. It has two Ionic porticoes of 
 six columns each, supporting entablatures and 
 pediments. The entire building, 125 feel by 
 51, is of white Pennsylvania marble. The 
 banking-room is circular, with a dome, and 
 lighted by a lantern in the centre. The struc 
 ture, in all its parts, affords an admirable spe- 
 cimen of Grecian architecture, and as such 
 deserves especial notice. Its grounds are very 
 tastefully arranged, and encircled by a solid 
 stone wall, which supports an iron railing, suffi- 
 ciently elevated and substantial to protect the 
 plants and shrubbery which serve to beautify 
 the area within. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA BANK. 
 Corner of Chesnut and Fourth streets. 
 
 Incorporated in 1804 ; present capital $2,- 
 000,000; shares $100 each. The banking- 
 
mechanics' bank. 39 
 
 house is a beautiful structure, extending from 
 Fourth street westward to the grounds Lelong- 
 ing to the Bank of the United States. In 
 addition to the apartments used for banking 
 purposes, there are others, similar in form and 
 size, on the same floor, now occupied by Messrs. 
 Toppan & Co., as a bank note engraving estab- 
 lishment ; and the basement, along Chesnut 
 street, is divided into four handsome stores. 
 The whole, viewed in connection with the 
 adjoining buildings, presents a very imposing 
 and beautiful appearance. 
 
 FARMERS AND MECHANICS BANK. 
 
 Chesnut, between Fourth and Fifth streets. 
 
 Originally chartered in 1809, and renewed 
 in 1824. Present capital $1,250,000; shares 
 $50 each. This is a plain, substantial building, 
 originally a private dwelling house, altered to 
 suit the purposes of the institution, but without 
 any pretentions to architectural beauty — solid- 
 ity and security, rather than showy display, 
 having been aimed at by those who had charge 
 of its arrangement. 
 
 BANK OF THE NORTHERN LIBERTIES. 
 Vine, near Third street. 
 
 Chartered in 1813 ; capital $500,000 ; shares 
 $50 each, 
 
 mechanics' bank. 
 
 Third, below Market street. 
 
 Chartered in 1814; capital $1,400,000 ; shares 
 $50 each. The banking-house is a small, but 
 
40 SCHUYLKILL BANK. 
 
 remarkably neat and chaste building, erected 
 within a few years, expressly for the purposes 
 of the institution. Like many other beautiful 
 structures in our chief cities, the Mechanics' 
 Bank is almost entirely hidden from public 
 view by the adjoining- buildings, which stand 
 on either side, considerably in advance of the 
 banking-house, and thus exclude it from the 
 sight of many who pass without observing it. 
 
 COMMERCIAL BANK. 
 
 Market street, between Second and Third. 
 
 Chartered in 18)4, renewed 1836; capital 
 11,000,000 ; shares $50 each. 
 
 SCHUYLKILL BANK. 
 Corner of Market and Sixth streets. 
 
 Chartered in 1814; capital ^1,000,000; 
 shares $50 each. There is nothing remarkable 
 in the building occupied by the Schuylkill 
 Banking Company ; but the institution itself 
 has recently acquired an unenviable notoriety 
 by the unlawful and outrageous acts of its late 
 cashier, and one of its subordinate officers. 
 
 By these acts, the instilution has been 
 defrauded of nearly its entire capital — its busi- 
 ness suspended, and its future prospects utterly 
 blasted, unless means be speedily adopted to 
 recover from its present degradation, and to 
 restore to the unhapf)y widow and orphan the 
 mite, which in an unlucky moment tliey con- 
 fided to the keeping of those wretched men, 
 who have thus violated the confidence reposed 
 inl hem. The directors are now endeavouring 
 
BANK UNITED STATES. 41 
 
 to re-organise the institution, which, for the 
 honor of our community, and in justice to its 
 creditors, we sincerely hope may be accom- 
 plished without unnecessary delay. 
 
 SOUTHWARK BANK. 
 
 Second street, below Cedar. 
 
 Chartered in 1835 ; capital $250,000 ; sharei 
 $50 each. 
 
 KENSINGTON BANK. 
 
 Beach street, near Maiden. 
 
 Re-chartered for fifteen years, from Novem- 
 ber, 1826 ; capital $250,000 ; shares $50 each. 
 
 BANK OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Ckesnut street, between Fourth and Fifth. 
 
 Chartered for thirty years, by the state of 
 Pennsylvania, February 18, 1836; capital 
 $35,000,000; shares $100 each. Originally 
 incorporated by Congress, in 1816, the Bank of 
 the United States was generally regarded, espe- 
 cially by foreigners, as a co-ordinate branch of 
 the American government ; and in consequence 
 of this erroneous impression, the institution 
 had acquired an almost unlimited credit, both 
 at home and abroad — when, in 1836, its 
 charter expired, and the bank descended 
 from its elevated position, and became a 
 state institution, under the title of the 
 " United States Bank of Pennsylvania." 
 Its course since that period is known to most 
 d2 
 
43 LNITED STATES BANK. 
 
 persons. With the exception of the quarrel 
 with the late and present administration of the 
 general government, which have manifested on. 
 every occasion a decided hosliUty towards the 
 institution, its history resembles that of all 
 similar establishments every where. 
 
 The banking-house, with which we have 
 most to do at present, is an imitation, both in 
 form and order, of the Parthenon, a Doric 
 temple at Athens, of which it is a copy, with 
 the omission of tlie colonades at the flanks, and 
 some other decorations. 
 
 The ascent to the porticoes is by a flight of 
 steps in front of the building. On the plat- 
 form, 87 feet front, and 161 feet deep, including 
 the porticoes, the building is erected. In front, 
 steps of marble lead to the basement, project- 
 ing 10 feet 6 inches, upon which rise eight 
 Doric columns, 4 feet 6 inches in diameter, and 
 27 feet high — supporting a plain entalilature 
 and a pediment, the vertical angle of which is 
 153°. The door of entrance opens into a large 
 vestibule with circular ends, opening into otfiee 
 rooms, and a lobby leading to the banking- 
 room. The vestibule ceiling is a prolonged 
 pannelled dome, divided into three compart- 
 ments by bands enriched with guilloches, 
 springing from a projecting impost, containing 
 a sunken frette. Tlse pavement is tessellated 
 with American and Italian marble throughout. 
 The banking-room occupies the centre of the 
 building, and is 48 feet wide by 81 feet E. and 
 W., and is lighted from cither end. Two rows 
 of fluted marble columns, of the Greek Ionic 
 order, 22 inches in diameter, with full entabla- 
 ture and blocking course, are placed, each ten 
 feet distance from the side walls. On these the 
 
UNITED STATES BANK. 43 
 
 great central and lateral arches of the roof are 
 supported. The first is semi-cylindrical; is 
 28 feet in diameter, 81 in length, and sub- 
 divided into seven compartments, richly orna- 
 mented. The ceiling is 35 feet from the floor 
 to the crown of the arch, and is executed vi^ith 
 great precision and effect. An Isthmian 
 wreath, carved from an entire block of Penn- 
 sylvania white marble, surrounds the clock 
 face, which occupies the space of the first 
 pannel over the entablature in the centre, the 
 design of which is copied from the reverse of 
 an antique gem, found at Corinth, and described 
 by Stewart, in his work on the antiquities of 
 Athens. The clerks' desks are placed within 
 the intercolumniations — the tellers' counters, 
 composed of marble, forming pannelled pedes- 
 tals, across each end of the banking-room, 
 commencing at the first column at each end of 
 the walls. 
 
 The stockholders' room is a parallelogram of 
 28 by 50 feet, lighted from the portico of the 
 south front, with a rich ceiling, and otherwise 
 ornamented. The committee rooms, from the 
 stockholders', open right and left, flanked by 
 two flights of marble stairs, leading to the 
 apartments of the upper story. A private stair- 
 case from the banking-room leads to the direc- 
 tors', engravers and copperplate printers' rooms, 
 which are lighted from the roof. 
 
 The interior corresponds in grandeur with 
 the exterior, and the whole of this magnificent 
 edifice presents an admirable example of the 
 skill and taste of the accomplished architect, 
 William Strickland. It was commenced in 
 1819, and occupied nearly five years in its 
 construction, the original cost of which was 
 
44 GIRARD BANK. 
 
 about $500,000 ; but on closing the old institu- 
 tion, it was sold to the present proprietors for 
 $300,000. 
 
 GIRARD BANK. 
 
 Third street below Chesnut street. 
 
 Chartered in 1832; capital $5,000,000; 
 shares $50 each. The building occupied by 
 this institution was erected for, and used by, the 
 old Bank of the United States, whose charter 
 expired in 1810, when the late Stephen Girard 
 became the owner of it, and commenced the 
 business of banking on his own account. Soon 
 after the decease of Mr. Girard, a company, 
 under the name of the Girard Bank, purchased 
 the building and its appliances, and continued 
 with an augmented capital, the business which 
 its late owner had so successfully prosecuted. 
 The edifice is elegant and spacious, with ex- 
 tensive grounds neatly laid out and ornamented. 
 Its front is of marble, enriched by a portico and 
 six Corinthian columns of the same material. 
 Its side and back consist of red brick walls, 
 forming a striking and disagreeable contrast 
 with its white marble front and portico. 
 
 BANK OF PENN TOWNSHIP. 
 Corner of Sixth and Vine streets. 
 
 Chartered in 1826; capital $250,000; shares 
 $50 each. This is a remarkably neat and 
 chaste structure, stuccoed in imitation of mar- 
 ble, and is seen to great advantage from the 
 public square in front. 
 
SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS. 45 
 
 ERN LIBERTIES 
 
 Corner of Vine and Third streets. 
 
 Chartered in 1832 ; capital $600,000 : shares 
 $50 each. This is a very liandsome, though 
 small building-, well adapted to the purposes for 
 whicii it was erected. 
 
 MOYAMENSING BANK. 
 Corner of Second and Ckesnut streets. 
 
 Chartered in 1832; capital $250,000; shares 
 $50 each. 
 
 WESTERN BANK. 
 
 Market street above Ninth street. 
 
 Chartered in 1832 ; capital $50,000 ; shares 
 $50 each. 
 
 SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS AND LOAN 
 COMPANIES. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA SAVINGS FUND SOCIETY. 
 Walnut above Third street. 
 
 The common dwelling-house in which the 
 business of this institution was commenced has 
 been displaced by a neat marble building every 
 way suited to its objects. 
 
46 INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 Most of the following savings institutions 
 occupy ordinary buildings. Philadelphia City 
 Savings Institution, 99 North Second street. 
 Kensington Savings Institution, 435 North 
 Second street. Manufacturers and Mechan- 
 ics^ Beneficial Savings Institution of the 
 Northern Liberties, 346 North Second street. 
 Northern Liberties Kensington and Spring 
 Garden Saving Fund Society, 339 North 
 Third street. Mechanics and Tradesmens'* 
 Loan Company of the state of Pennsylvania^ 
 16 South Sixth street. Southern Loan Com. 
 pany, corner of Spruce and South Second 
 streets. 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANIES. 
 
 North America, (Fire and Marine,) S. W. 
 corner of Dock and Walnut streets. Insurance 
 Company of the state of Pennsylvania, (Marine) 
 N. E. corner of Dock and Second streets. 
 Philadelphia Insurance Company, (Marine) S. 
 W. corner of Second and Walnut streets. 
 Phoenix, (Marine) 52 Walnut street. Union, 
 (Marine) 6 Merchants' Exchange. Marine, 
 50 Walnut. Delaivare, (Marine) 3 Merchants' 
 Exchange. United States, (Marine) 5 Mer- 
 chants' Exchange. Atlantic, (Marine) 4 Mer- 
 chants' Exchange. American, (Marine) N. E. 
 corner of Walnut and Third streets. Pennsyl- 
 vania, (Fire) 134 Walnut street. The office of 
 this company consists of a beautiful four story 
 building, marble front, in imitation of the an- 
 cient Egyptian style of architecture of which 
 
CHURCHES. 47 
 
 it presents an admirable, and we believe, the 
 only specimen of the kind in Philadelphia. It 
 is seen to great advantage from the open square 
 in front. Mutual Assurance, (Fire) 54 Walnut 
 street. American, (Fire) 101 Chesnut street. 
 Franklin, (Fire) 163 J Chesnut. Philadelphia 
 Contributionship, (Fire) 96 South Fourth street. 
 Fire Association, 34 North Fifth street. Coun. 
 ty, (Fire) 248 North Third street. Southwavk 
 (Fire) 257 South Second street. Spring Gar- 
 den, (Fire) N. W. corner of Wood and North 
 Sixth streets. Philadelphia Fire and Inland 
 Navigation, N. W. corner of Walnut and Third 
 streets. Delaware County, (Fire) 36 Walnut 
 street. Washington, 48 Walnut street. Penn- 
 sylvania, (Life) 72 South Third street. Girard 
 (Life) 159 Chesnut street. 
 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 Among the great number of places of public 
 vi^orship in and about Philadelphia, and the al- 
 most infinite variety in the style of their con- 
 struction, there are but few which claim special 
 notice : we shall therefore confine our descrip- 
 tion to such only as from their antiquity or ar- 
 chitectural beauty, deserve the attention of 
 strangers, for whom our work is chiefly in- 
 tended, and conclude our remarks upon this 
 head, with a simple enumeration of the various 
 churches, and their localities respectively. 
 
48 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 Second, above Market street. 
 
 The primitive one story edifice which occu- 
 pied the present site of Christ Church, was 
 built under the direction of the Rev. Mr. Clay- 
 ton, an Episcopal clergyman, in 1691, and en- 
 larged in 1710. In 1727, it was further en- 
 larged by an addition on the west, and in 1731, 
 hy another on the east side of the main build- 
 ing. The spire one hundred and ninety-six feet 
 in height, was commenced in 1753, and com- 
 pleted in the following year, by means of a lot- 
 tery ; a mode of raising money not uncommon 
 in those days, for we find that " there was 
 also a lottery for the benefit of the vestry" 
 (of Christ Church) " by which $36,000 were 
 obtained. 
 
 During the revolutionary troubles, the bells, 
 eight in number, which had so long delighted 
 the citizens, were removed from the steeple 
 and sunk in the Delaware, lest they should fall 
 into the hands of the enemy. They were how- 
 ever soon restored to their former position, which 
 they have since been permitted to occupy vs^ith- 
 out farther molestation. 
 
 As may be supposed, a church built at such 
 ciifFerent and distant periods, is wanting in 
 unity of construction, but notwithstanding this 
 defect, it is justly considered one of the finest 
 edifices of the kind in the country; and when 
 associated with the primitive history and pro- 
 gress of the city, possesses peculiar interest. 
 
CHURCHES. 
 
 49 
 
 ST. Stephen's church. 
 
 [Protestant Episcopal.] 
 
 Tenth street, between Market and Chesnut. 
 
 This is a fine specimen of Gothic architec- 
 ture, about one hundred feet long, and fifty 
 wide. On the front are two octangular towers, 
 eighty-six feet in height, so constructed as to 
 admit of farther elevation at some convenient 
 season. The upper parts of the windows are 
 embellished with cherubims in white glass on 
 a field of blue, and the sashes are filled with 
 diamond-shaped glass of various hues, orna- 
 mented in the same manner — forming, with 
 the beautiful pulpit and chancel, a scene highly 
 attractive and impressive. 
 
 ST. Andrew's church. 
 
 Eighth street, above Spruce. 
 
 This is also an Episcopal church, built 
 expressly for the late Rev. Dr. Bedell. It affords 
 a good specimen of the Grecian style of archi- 
 tecture: but its decorations in front (bachanalian 
 emblems), strike the beholder as inappropriate 
 in a high degree. The general appearance of 
 the entire structure is, however, very imposing. 
 The interior of St. Andrew's is remarkably 
 neat; and the disposition of the pulpit, with its 
 appliances, though perhaps rather gaudy, is 
 well conceived, and imparts to the whole a 
 pleasing effect. 
 
 The other Episcopal churches, are : 
 
 St. James, in Seventh street, above Market. 
 
 St. Peters, corner of Third and Pine street, 
 
 E 
 
50 SWEDES CHURCH. 
 
 This church, St. James, and Christ church, 
 were formerly united in one act of incorpora- 
 tion, with one vestry ; their property was held 
 in common, and the services in each were per- 
 formed by their rectors alternately. This 
 union was dissolved some years since, and each 
 church now transacts its secular affairs inde- 
 pendently of the others. 
 
 St. Paul's, Third street, below Walnut. 
 
 St. John's, Brown street, near north Third. 
 
 EPIPHANY. 
 
 Corner of Chesnut and SchuylkUl Eighth st. 
 This is a remarkably neat and elegant 
 structure, with an extensive portico and entab- 
 lature, supported by several massive pillars. 
 
 GRACE CHURCH. 
 Corner of Twelfth street and Cherry. 
 
 Also a beautiful structure, erected within a 
 few years. 
 
 Trinity Church, Catherine street, near 
 Second. 
 
 Church of the Ascension, Lombard street,, 
 above Eleventh, 
 
 Church of the Evangelists, Fifth street 
 above Catherine. 
 
 St. Thomas (African), Fifth street, below 
 Walnut. 
 
 Union (African), Coates street, below Old 
 York road. 
 
 SWEDES CHURCH. 
 Swanson street, near the Navy Yard. 
 The first church built on the west side of the 
 Delaware, was on Tinicum island, by the 
 
51 
 
 Swedes, and consecrated September 4th, 1646. 
 Their increasing numbers from emig-ration, 
 and natural causes, and the extension of their 
 settlement up the Delaware and Schuylkill, 
 requiring- in a few years a more convenient 
 and central place of worship, a block-house 
 was erected on the shore of the Delaware, near 
 to where the present Sw^edish church stands, in 
 Southwark, and was consecrated in the summer 
 of 1677. By that time, the Swedes had settled 
 as far up as Pennipack, and Neshaminy, the 
 falls of Schuylkill, and through the peninsula 
 or neck, below where Philadelphia now stands, 
 in Wicocoa, Moyamensing, and Passajung, in 
 all about twenty families. The present Swedish 
 church was consecrated 2d July, 1700, and for 
 many years was the only place of worship for 
 the foreign emigrants, on both sides of the 
 Delaware and Schuylkill. For nearly fifty 
 years, divine worship was performed in the 
 Swedish language. The Rev. Dr. Collin was 
 the rector for more than half a century. 
 
 The Swedes have also a church in Kingses- 
 sing, about six miles from the city, and one in 
 Merion township, Philadelphia county, of both 
 of which Dr. Collin was rector. 
 
 ST. John's church. 
 
 [Roman Catholic] 
 
 Thirteenth street^ above Chesnut. 
 
 Is a splendid Gothic chapel, with projecting 
 angles, surmounted by corresponding turrets. 
 The gable end of the main building faces the 
 street, from which it is entered by a noble 
 flight of steps. The windows are composed of 
 
52 CHURCHES. 
 
 stained glass, and the interior is decorated with 
 several appropriate pictures. The outside of 
 the building- is stuccoed in imitation of granite, 
 which gives to the whole an appearance every 
 way attractive. 
 
 Fourth street, between Race and Vine. 
 
 This is also a Roman Catholic chapel, hand- 
 somely constructed. 
 
 ST. Joseph's church. 
 
 Willing's Alley, between Walnut, Spruce, Third 
 and Fourth streets. 
 
 This JS a new and elegant building, erected 
 on the site of the old one-story house, in which 
 the congregation formerly worshipped. 
 
 ST. Mary's church. 
 
 Fourth street, above Spruce. 
 
 TRIPflTY CHURCH. 
 Corner of Spruce and Sixth streets. 
 
 These, and one at Fairmount, are the only 
 Catholic churches within the bounds of the 
 city and incorporated districts. 
 
 FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH. 
 
 Corner of Locust and Tenth streets. 
 
 This is a very chaste and beautiful specimen 
 of the Grecian Doric, with a handsome portico, 
 upon which are placed four marble columns, 
 
CHURCHES. 53 
 
 supporting an entablature of elegant propor- 
 tions. The entire structure, surrounded as it 
 is by a light and airy iron railing, has a very 
 imposing appearance. 
 
 riRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 Fronting on Washington Square. 
 
 This is perhaps the most elegant structure 
 yet erected by the Presbyterians. It consists 
 of brick walls stuccoed in imitation of marble; 
 and it resembles in form and decorations one 
 of the Ionic temples at Athens. 
 
 FIFTH PRESBYTERIAN- CHURCH. 
 Arch street, between Tenth and Eleventh. 
 
 This church deserves especial notice, as it is 
 one of the very few in Philadelphia which are 
 decorated with spires. Its structure in general 
 is neat, and admirably adapted to the purposes 
 to which it is devoted. 
 
 The other Presbyterian churches are : 
 
 The Second, in Seventh street, near Arch, a 
 handsome structure. 
 
 The Third, corner of Fourth and Pine street. 
 
 The Fourth, corner of Fifth and Gaskill 
 streets. 
 
 The Sixth, in Spruce street, near Seventh. 
 
 The Seventh, in Ranstead's court, in the rear 
 :©f Chesnut street, west of Fourth. 
 
 The Eighth, Spruce street, near Third. 
 
 The Ninth, Thirteenth street, above Market. 
 
 The Tenth, corner of Twelfth and Walnut 
 streets. 
 
 The Eleventh, Vine street, above Thirteenth. 
 
 The Twelfth, Cedar street, above Twelfth. 
 E 2 
 
54 CHURCHES. 
 
 Tke Thirteenth^ Lombard street, near Schuyl- 
 kill Second. 
 
 The Central^ corner of Eighth and Cherry 
 streets. 
 
 The Central, Coates street, between Third 
 and Fourth. 
 
 The Western. The Franklin Street. 
 
 3%e First, (Northern Liberties,) Buttonwood 
 street, near Sixth. 
 
 The Second, (do.,) Sixth street, above Green, 
 
 The First, (Southwark,) German street, 
 between Third and Fourth. 
 
 The Second, (do.,) corner of Second street 
 and Moyamensing road. 
 
 The First, (Kensington,) Palmer street. 
 
 The Fairmount. 
 
 The Associate, Walnut street, above Fourth. 
 
 The Reformed, Twelfth street, belov/ Market. 
 
 The Reformed, Cherry street, near Eleventh. 
 
 DUTCH REFORMED. 
 
 The First, Crown street, near Race. 
 
 The Second, corner of Tenth and Filbert. 
 
 The First, (African,) Seventh street, below 
 South. 
 
 The Second, (do.,) St. Mary street, above 
 Sixth. 
 
 BAPTIST CHURCHES. 
 
 The First, Second street, near Arch. 
 
 The Second, Budd street, above Poplar lane. 
 
 The Third, Second street, below Queen. 
 
 The New Market Street. 
 
 The Fifth, Sansom street, above Eighth. 
 
 The Spruce Street, Spruce, below Fourth. 
 
 The Central, N.E. cor. Thirteenth and Race. 
 
CHURCHES. 55 
 
 The Moyamensing, Ninth street, below 
 Shippen. 
 
 The Seventh Street, Seventh street, near 
 Callowhill. 
 
 The Tenth, Lawrence street, above Green. 
 
 The Eleventh, Cherry and Fifth streets. 
 
 The Union, (African,) Little Pine street, near 
 Seventh. 
 
 METHODIST CHURCHES. 
 
 St. George^s, Fourth street, above Race. 
 
 St. John Street, St. John, above Beaver. 
 
 Ebenezer, Christian street, below Fourth. 
 
 Kensington, corner of Queen and Marlboro 
 streets. 
 
 Salem, Thirteenth street, below Spruce. 
 
 Union, Fourth street, above Market. 
 
 Nazareth, Thirteenth street, near Vine. 
 
 Fifth Street, Fifth, near Green. 
 
 Eighth Street, Eighth, above Noble. 
 
 St. PauVs, Catherine street, between Sixth 
 and Seventh. 
 
 Harmony, Budd street, above Brown. 
 
 Fairmount. 
 
 Western, or Brickmakers\ Schuylkill Third 
 street, below Walnut. 
 
 East Kensington. 
 
 Wesley Chapel, corner of Schuylkill Eighth 
 and Market streets. 
 
 African, Sixth street, near Lombard. 
 
 Wesleyan, (African,) Lombard street, below 
 Sixth. 
 
 Corner of Fourth and Arch streets. 
 Washington Square. 
 
56 CHURCHES. 
 
 Twelfth street, below Market. 
 
 Sixth street and Noble. 
 
 Corner of Ninth and Spruce streets. 
 
 Cherry street, near Fifth. 
 
 Green street, near Fourth. 
 
 Corner of Fifth and Arch streets. 
 
 CONGREGATIOIf AL CHURCH. 
 The First, South street, below Tenth. 
 
 GERMAN REFORMED. 
 The First, Race street, below Fourth. 
 
 INDEPENDENT. 
 
 Broad street, below Chesnut. 
 
 jews' synagogues. 
 
 Cherry street, near Third. 
 
 Church alley, between Second and Third. 
 
 Pear street, above Dock. 
 
 LUTHERAN CHURCHES. 
 
 Evangelical Church of St. John, Race street 
 near Fifth. 
 
 St. Matthew's, New street, near Fourth. 
 
 St. MichaeVs, corner of Appletree alley and 
 Fifth street. 
 
 Zion, corner of Fourth and Cherry streets. 
 
 MORAVIAN CHURCH. 
 Race street, near Second. 
 
 SWEDENBORGIAN CHURCH. 
 Fourth street, below German. 
 
PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 57 
 
 mariners' churches. 
 
 Bethel, (Methodist,) corner of Shippen and 
 Swanson streets. 
 
 Eastburn, Water street, near Chesnut. 
 Bethel, (Baptist,) Water street, near Race. 
 
 UNIVERSALIST CHURCHES. 
 
 The First, Lombard street, below Fifth. 
 The Second, Callowhill street, below Fifth. 
 
 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA THEATRE. 
 
 Chesnut street, above Sixth-. 
 
 This establishment was founded in 1791 — 
 rebuilt in 1805 — and, with all its scenery, &c., 
 destrojed by fire in 1821. On the 2nd of 
 December, 1822, the present building was 
 thrown open to the public. It has a front on 
 Chesnut street, of ninety-two feet in length, 
 and a depth of one hundred and fifty feet. The 
 centre building is flanked by two wings, deco- 
 rated with niches containing emblematic figures 
 of tragedy and comedy, and basso relievo, repre- 
 resenting the tragic and cotnic muses, with 
 the attributes of Apollo. In front of the main 
 building is an arcade, which supports a screen 
 of marble columns, and a plain entablature. 
 
 The approach to the boxes is from Chesnut 
 street, through a close arcade of five entrances, 
 
58 THEATRES. 
 
 which open into a vestibule 58 feet long, by 8 
 in width. There are three rows of boxes, 
 which, with the pit and gallery, will accommo- 
 date upwards of two thousand persons. 
 
 AMERICAN" THEATRE. 
 
 Corner of Ninth and Walnut streets. 
 
 This house was built in 18 14, by Victor 
 Pepin, the famous equestrian, who employed it 
 for several years as a circus. It was subse- 
 quently altered so as to admit of dramatic, as 
 well as equestrian performances: the latter, 
 however, were entirely discontmued prior to 
 1828, when the structure was completely reno- 
 vated, and prepared for dramatic representa- 
 tions exclusively. Its present front is of blue 
 marble, supported in the centre by eight 
 columns of the same material, which divide 
 the grand entrance into three passages leading 
 to the boxes and pit. Previously to its last 
 alteration, the establishment was known as the 
 *' Olympic Theatre," which, owing to its varied 
 entertainments, was, for a long time, an object 
 of great attraction. 
 
 ARCH STREET THEATRE. 
 
 Arch street, ahove Sixth. 
 
 Erected in 1828, by a joint stock company. 
 Its front, as well as the pillars which support 
 a Doric frieze, is of marble, and is decorated 
 by an alto relievo, representing Apollo, by 
 Gevelot. The interior is finished in a hand- 
 some and appropriate style. This establish- 
 ment is seldom open, excepting when the 
 
MUSEUM. 59 
 
 Chesnut street theatre is closed — as the mana- 
 gers of the latter have become the lessees of 
 the Arch street house. 
 
 During the wiater of 1839-40, it was occu- 
 pied by a company of German amateurs, whose 
 performances were in their native language. 
 
 SUMMER THEATRE. 
 
 Chesnut street, below Ninth. 
 
 This was formerly employed as an equestrian 
 circus ; but has recently been altered and 
 adapted to dramatic entertainments, chiefly of 
 a musical description. 
 
 WASHINGTON THEATRE. 
 
 Northern Liberties. 
 
 Is a wooden building, originally erected in 
 1828, for an equestrian company. It has since 
 been fitted up for dramatic performances. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM. 
 Ninth street, below Chesnut. 
 
 For more than half a century, Peale's 
 Museum, by which name this establishment 
 was known previously to its incorporation, has 
 been celebrated as a repository of curiosities, 
 both in nature and art. After undergoing 
 various mutations, from the hall of the Philo- 
 sophical Society to the State House, and thence 
 to the Arcade, where it assumed its present 
 appelation, it has at length, it is hoped, found a 
 permanent resting place. 
 
 In 1838, the building now occupied by the 
 
60 MUSEUM. 
 
 Philadelphia Museum was commenced at the 
 northeast corner of Ninth and George streets, 
 after a design by Isaac Holden. It was com- 
 pleted in the following year, when the entire 
 collection which forms the Museum, was trans- 
 ferred from the Arcade, and the hall opened for 
 exhibition shortly afterwards. It consists of 
 one immense structure, 238 feet in length, and 
 70 in breadth, and two stories high. 
 
 With the exception of its gigantic dimen- 
 sions, there is nothing in its exterior particu- 
 larly striking. In point of architectural beauty, 
 the Museum hall is inferior to many other 
 public buildings in the city ; and, but for its 
 unusual size, it would fail to attract attention. 
 The interior, however, compensates in a great 
 measure for its outward deficiencies. The 
 apartment devoted to the museum is on the 
 second floor, and, with the exception of a small 
 space at the western end, occupied by the stair- 
 case, is co-extensive with the building, and of a 
 corresponding height. On each side, along the 
 entire length of the hall, and at an elevation 
 above the floor of some ten or twelve feet, a 
 gallery of about fifteen feet in width is erected, 
 which is effectually screened by a balustrade 
 nearly breast high, extending the whole length 
 of the room. 
 
 The galleries are supported by square up- 
 rights, which serve the purpose of bases for 
 the beautiful columns, which reach to, and 
 sustain the ceiling. If the hall is admirably 
 adapted to the purposes for which it was con- 
 structed, as it really is, the arrangement of its 
 contents is no less admirable, in every sense of 
 the term. The cases containing the various 
 objects of curiosity, are situated between the 
 
MUSEUM. 61 
 
 windows, both on the floor and in the galleries. 
 These project some eight or ten feet from the 
 walls, and are glazed on all their exposed 
 sides ; and thus, while they protect, do not 
 obstruct the view of various objects within. 
 The distribution of the infinite variety of speci- 
 mens in every department of science and the 
 arts, and the systematic arrangement of the 
 whole collection, cannot fail to meet the appro- 
 bation of all, and especially those who are 
 experimentally acquainted with such things. 
 
 In addition to the articles which legitimately 
 belong to a museum, other and varied objects 
 lend their aid to gratify the visiter. These, 
 combined with occasional musical entertain- 
 ments, and the vast concourse of well dressed 
 persons who nightly assemble here, render this 
 branch of the establishment peculiarly attrac- 
 tive. 
 
 Attached to the museum, on the ground 
 floor, at the eastern end of the building, is an 
 extensive and commodious lecture-room, with 
 seats arranged in form of an amphitheatre. 
 
 The remainder of the ground floor is appro- 
 priated to Mr. Dunn's magnificent 
 
 CHINESE COLLECTION, 
 
 Which presents a most splendid array of unique 
 and interesting objects in every department of 
 Chinese domestic economy, and illustrates, 
 most satisfactorily, the manners, customs, and 
 habits of that remarkable people. The general 
 structure of the room and the disposition of the 
 show cases do not differ materially from the 
 museum above. The whole is well calculated 
 for displaying the articles to the best advantage. 
 
62 ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. 
 
 The saloon, which is one hundred and sixty- 
 three feet in length, on George street, and seventy 
 in width on Ninth street, contains, at present, 
 Jlfty-three cases, in which most of this vast 
 collection is arranged for exhibition. It com- 
 prises figures in wax, male and female, of all 
 classes of Chinese society, in their appropriate 
 costume ; household furniture ; implements of 
 trade; manufactures of all kinds; military 
 weapons ; personal and other ornaments ; spe- 
 cimens in every department of natural history ; 
 paintings, and other works of art — altogether 
 forming one of the most delightful and instruc- 
 tive exhibitions in which our city abounds. 
 
 The collection was made by Nathan Dunn, 
 Esq., during a residence of several years in 
 China — to whose assiduous labours the public 
 is indebted for the rare gratification whicl\ all 
 experience on viewing this admirable combina- 
 tion of all that is beautiful and interesting in 
 an empire whose character and condition are 
 thus rendered familiar to us ; and whose politi- 
 cal existence is now menaced for daring to 
 maintain its laws in opposition to the European 
 opium trafickers, and their equally base sup- 
 porters. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE TINE 
 
 ARTS. 
 
 Chesnut street, above Tenth. 
 
 This institution was founded in 1805, by a 
 company of gentlemen, mostly amateurs. Its 
 collection of pictures and other works of art, 
 is extensive, and, with a few exceptions, valua- 
 ble. It comprises, in addition to its stock pic- 
 
artists' fund society. 63 
 
 tures, a larg-e collection of plaster casts. Among- 
 the paintings of a superior class, of which there 
 are many in the academy, the following de- 
 serve especial notice : Death on tlie Pale Horse, 
 by West — Christ entering- Jerusalem, by Hay- 
 don — Napoleon crossing the Alps, by David — 
 Dead Man raised by touching the Prophet's 
 Bones ; and others. The academy is open 
 daily. 
 
 311 Chesnut street, in front of the preceding. 
 
 This active and meritorious institution has 
 been in existence only a few years ; but such 
 is the zeal with which its affairs have been con- 
 ducted, and such the industry of its active 
 members, nearly all of whom are artists, that 
 it has already assumed a position far in advance 
 of its cotemporaries. 
 
 The hall of the society, just completed, is 
 designed for the exhibition of the works of its 
 members, and others. It consists of one apart- 
 ment, forty by fifty feet, well lighted during 
 the day by a lantern in the centre of the roo^ 
 and at night by gas. The exhibition usually 
 commences in the month of May, and continues 
 open to the public for six or eight weeks. 
 
 One of the leading objects of this society is 
 to provide a fund for the support of decayed 
 artists. This alone is a sufficient apology for 
 its establishment ; but when superadded to the 
 other, that of improving public taste, it cannot 
 fail to receive that support and countenance 
 from the community which are requisite to 
 enable the institute to accomplish all its ends 
 and aims. 
 
64 artists' association. 
 
 artists' and amateurs' association. 
 
 Arcade — Chesnut street. 
 
 This is also a new institution, established 
 May, 1840. Its first public exhibition, which 
 was numerously attended, was opened in April, 
 and closed on the lOth June, of the same year. 
 The objects of this association, similar in some 
 respects to those of the Artists' Fund Society, 
 are essentially different in others : while the 
 latter makes provision for the future wants of 
 aged and infirm members, the former contri- 
 butes to the present support of its professional 
 members, in a manner least repugnant to their 
 feelings, by the purchase of their works, to 
 which all the available funds of the institution 
 are to be applied. The pictures thus acquired 
 by the society are annually distributed by lot 
 among its amateur members. 
 
 The plan is excellent, and if judiciously car- 
 ried out, and divested of its lottery feature, 
 cannot fail to prove advantageous, in every 
 point of view, to the artists themselves, whose 
 works, thus diffused throughout the community, 
 will create and extend among its members a 
 love for the art of painting, and a corresponding 
 respect and regard for its professors. 
 
 SULLY AND EARLE'S PICTURE GALLERY. 
 
 Chesnut street^ ahove Fifth. 
 
 This is a neat saloon, well filled with choice 
 paintings, chiefly by Mr. Thomas Sully. 
 
PANORAMA. 65 
 
 Spruce street, between Eighth and Ninth. 
 
 The immense picture of Christ Healing- in 
 the Temple, presented by the late Benjamin 
 West to the Pennsylvania Hospital, forms one 
 of the leading objects to which the attention of 
 strangers should be directed. 
 
 This painting is equally deemed by the con- 
 noisseur and the uninitiated, one of the finest 
 productions of its distinguished author. 
 
 PANORAMA BUILDING. 
 
 Ninth street, below Chesnut. 
 
 This is a large circular building, designed 
 for the exhibition of panoramic pictures, for 
 which it is well fitted, both in structure and 
 locaUty. 
 
 DIORAMA. 
 Sansom street, above Eighth. 
 
 This has been long used for the display of 
 large paintings. The beautiful picture of the 
 Departure of the Israelites, and several other 
 similar works of art, have been successively 
 exhibited here. 
 
 MUSICAL rUND HALL. 
 
 Locust street, between Eighth and Ninth. 
 
 Without any especial pretension to architec- 
 tural beauty, the Hall of the Musical Fund 
 Society claims attention as the centre around 
 
66 PUBLIC GARDENS. 
 
 which the musical talent of the city revolves, 
 and to which the lovers of music are accus- 
 tomed to repair. 
 
 Constructed with particular reference to its 
 primary object, for which it is admirably 
 adapted, the hall is almost constantly employed, 
 either by its owners, or by professional indi- 
 viduals, whose musical entertainments scarcely 
 ever fail to gratify the immense number of 
 persons who usually attend on those occasions. 
 In addition to the cultivation and improvement 
 of public taste, another leading object of the 
 society is to provide a fund for the future aid 
 and support of such of its aged or infirm mem- 
 bers and their families, as may require relief. 
 To this benevolent feature in the organization 
 of the society, may be fairly ascribed the great 
 success which has uniformly attended its efforts 
 for the establishment and augmentation of this 
 fund, which, while it serves as a bond of union 
 among its more fortunate members, stimulates 
 the recipients of its bounty to increased dili- 
 gence in ministering to the gratification of its 
 supporters ; and thus, by a system of perfect 
 reciprocity, all sense of obligation that might 
 be entertained by either party, is entirely 
 effaced. 
 
 PUBLIC GARDENS. 
 
 There are several Botanic gardens in the vici- 
 nity of the city, at some of which musical and 
 other entertainments are occasionally given. 
 
GARDENS. 67 
 
 m' Aran's garden. 
 
 Filbert, between Schuylkill Fifth and Sixth 
 streets. 
 
 Forms now the chief attraction in this way. 
 It is open every day and evening ; when, in 
 addition to the great variety of beautiful plants, 
 the visiter is entertained by music, fire- 
 works, &c. 
 
 West side of the Schuylkill, below Gray^s Ferry. 
 
 Contains a vast collection of exotic and indi- 
 genous plants. Among the trees is an immense 
 cypress, brought from the Oregon mountains, 
 when a mere twig : it now measures twenty- 
 seven feet in circumference, three feet from the 
 ground. The railroad cars to Wilmington pass 
 through the grounds, and afford the means of 
 reaching this delightful spot. 
 
 landreth's garden. 
 
 Federal, between Ashton and Schuylkill Front 
 
 streets. 
 
 Is also a very attractive place, being well sup- 
 plied with plants and shrubbery of all kinds, 
 and kept in the most perfect order. 
 
 Parker's garden, 
 Corner of Prime and Tenth streets, 
 
 buist's garden, 
 
 Lombard street, near Tenth, 
 
6s benevolent institutions, 
 hibbert's garden, 
 
 Thirteenth street, above South, 
 Also deserve attention. 
 
 BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 COUNTY ALMS-HOUSE. 
 
 West side of the Schuylkill, opposite South 
 street. 
 
 This immense structure, as its name imports, 
 is designed for the reception of such of the des- 
 titute poor of the city and county of Philadel- 
 phia as may choose to avail themselves of its 
 accommodations. It consists of a centre build- 
 ing with wings, flanked by two others, in addi- 
 tion to two extensive structures, wholly detached 
 from the rest, one at each end of the vast pile. 
 The centre building is two, and the others 
 three stories high : the whole faces the Schuyl- 
 kill, and presents the appearance of a miniature 
 city, when viewed from the opposite bank. The 
 building, with the necessary enclosures, cover 
 nearly ten of the one hundred and eighty acres 
 which belong to, and surround the establish- 
 ment. The site is considerably elevated above 
 the river bank, and commands an extensive 
 view of the city and adjacent country. 
 
 The arrangements of the building within 
 are on a scale corresponding with its exterior : 
 the men's dining.room, on the first floor, being 
 
PRrENDS' ALMS-HOUSE. 69 
 
 sufficient to accommodate upwards of five hun- 
 dred persons. The objects of this institution 
 are rather more comprehensive than those of 
 most others of the kind. In addition to its 
 uses as a mere akns-house, there are v^rork- 
 shops in which many of the inmates are em- 
 ployed — an asylum, and a school for male and 
 female children — an obstetric apartment, with 
 the requisite appliances — an extensive library, 
 both medical and miscellaneous — a depository 
 for the manufactures of the house and others of 
 a like nature. As the whole establishment is 
 kept in excellent order, and provided with every 
 necessary convenience for the comfort and 
 accommodation of its inmates, it is not surpris- 
 ing that many should partake of its ample pro- 
 visions. The average number of paupers who 
 are sheltered in this establishment, is about 
 fifteen hundred, which is greatly augmented 
 on the approach of winter, and diminished on 
 the return of spring. The house is governed 
 by twelve citizens, elected by the joint votes of 
 the city and district corporations. The services 
 performed by these gentlemen, though arduous, 
 are gratuitous. They appoint the superintend- 
 ent, matron, and all the subordinate officers 
 and attendants, regulate its fiscal affairs, and 
 direct all such other matters as belong to the 
 general management of the institution. 
 
 friends' alms-house. 
 
 Walnut street, below Fourth, 
 
 This building is remarkable for its antique 
 appearance. No one who visits the neighbour- 
 hood can fail to observe its moss-covered roofi 
 
70 widows' asylum. 
 
 scarcely beyond hxis reach, and the time-worn 
 steps which lead to its reversed front. The 
 various tenements into which the structure is 
 divided, fronts on a hollow square, used in 
 common by their tenants, who are variously 
 occupied : some in the practice of their trade, 
 others in the cultivation of their little garden 
 spots, and such other light employments as 
 their decayed strength will permit. In this 
 way the inhabitants of this little community 
 partly maintain themselves. This establish- 
 ment was formed and is supported by the 
 Society of Friends, who thus relieve the county 
 from the expense of maintaining the indigent 
 members of that society. 
 
 HALL OF THE INDIGENT WIDOWS AND 
 
 Cherry, between Schuylkill Fifth and Sixth 
 streets. 
 
 This is a neat two-story building, erected 
 expressly for the accommodation of such 
 females of respectable character, not less than 
 sixty years of age, as may be unable to main- 
 tain themselves. On entering the establish, 
 ment, each inmate is required to consign her 
 property to the institution ; and to pay thirty 
 dollars, or fifty dollars, if no property is brought. 
 These regulations refer to such as are entirely 
 dependent upon the institution: others are 
 admitted as boarders, but not to the exclusion 
 of the former. Visiters are treated with respect 
 and attention, and are conducted through any 
 part of the building they may be disposed to 
 
orphans' asylum. 71 
 
 examine. By a strict course of discipline, and 
 a rigid observance of the rules, perfect harmony 
 is preserved among the inmates, who appear to 
 be quite contented with their lot. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA ORPHANS' ASYLUM. 
 Adjoining the preceding. 
 
 This truly admirable institution occupies a 
 new building erected on the site of one which, 
 with twenty-three of its inmates, was entirely 
 destroyed by fire on the night of January 23d, 
 1822, The new building, from a design by 
 Strickland, is fire-proof— the basement being 
 arched, and the stairs of stone. The object of 
 this society is not only to provide a home for 
 orphans, but also the means of educating them. 
 It has been in successful operation for more 
 than a quarter of a century, and it still con- 
 linues, with unabated energy, its benevolent 
 labours. 
 
 The following are some of the particulars in 
 relation to the awful catastrophe just alluded 
 to. At the time of its occurrence, there were 
 ninety orphans in the family ; and of those who 
 escaped, few saved more than the clothes in 
 which they slept. In this condition they fled 
 to the Widows' Asylum ; but such was the sym- 
 pathy and liberality extended towards them by 
 the citizens, that before night, comfortable 
 accommodations were provided for all. The 
 fire was first discovered by the matron, who 
 immediately aroused the children, and assisted 
 them in escaping. The stair-case was soon 
 filled with smoke, and crowded with little crea^ 
 
72 orphans' asylum. 
 
 tures, who, seeing the light reflected from the 
 adjoining houses, and probably suffering from 
 the intense cold, could with difficulty be per- 
 suaded to leave the house. 
 
 By this time, three of the watchmen of the 
 neighborhood had reached the spot, by whose 
 assistance the matron succeeded in saving most 
 of the younger children. Owing to the smoke, 
 neither of the men reached the third story. 
 The last child saved, was handed through a 
 window by one of the watchmen to another, 
 who stood on the roof of the porch, and passed 
 by him to some persons below; when, observing 
 the stairs were on fire, they were oWiged to 
 retreat. An unsuccessful attempt was made to 
 reach the windows of the second story, from 
 without, which failed from the want of a ladder 
 of sufficient length ; and the little sufferers that 
 remained in the second and third stories were 
 left to their fates. From the testimony pro- 
 duced before the committee of investigation, it 
 was conjectured that this painful calamity 
 originated from the improper arrangement of 
 the masonry in the kitchen. 
 
 ST. Joseph's orphan asylum. 
 
 Corner of Spruce and Seventh streets. 
 
 This is a Catholic institution, whose objects 
 are in all respects similar to those of the pre- 
 ceding, with this difference only, that its 
 inmates consist of the children of Catholic 
 parents exclusively. Its house is a handsome 
 brick building, resembling an ordinary dwelling- 
 house of the large kind. 
 
ASYLUMS. 73 
 
 ST. JOHN S ORPHANS ASYLUM. 
 
 Chesnut, between Twelfth and Thirteenth 
 streets. 
 
 Is established in what is generally known as 
 the " Gothic mansion," which has been reno- 
 vated and adapted to the purposes for which it 
 is now appropriated. This, as well as the 
 
 ORPHANS ASYLUM OF ST. MARY, 
 Fifth street, near Fine, 
 
 Is also devoted to the care and instruction of 
 the children of Catholics. 
 
 SHELTER FOR COLORED ORPHANS. 
 Thirteenth street, near Willow. 
 
 This institution, as its name implies, is 
 intended for the reception and education of 
 colored orphans. It was established many 
 years since, by some benevolent ladies of the 
 Society of Friends, who, after surmounting 
 many difficulties, succeeded in erecting a suit- 
 able building for the accommodation of their 
 numerous dependents. The building was 
 scarcely completed, when it was attacked by a 
 lawless mob, and, but for the timely and ener- 
 getic interference of some spirited gentlemen 
 of the neighborhood, would have been entirely 
 demolished. Despite all these adverse circum- 
 stances, the institution has advanced with a 
 
74 MARINE HOSPITAL. 
 
 steady pace, and is now quietly engaged in the 
 prosecution of its laudable designs. 
 
 NAVAL ASYLUM, OR MARINE HOSPITAL. 
 
 Graifs Ferry Road, below South street. 
 
 This is designed as a home for the veterans 
 of the navy. It was originally projected by 
 the officers, who, with the common sailors, have 
 for many years contributed to a fund for the 
 erection and support of the establishment. 
 
 The edifice, composed of white marble, 
 three hundred and eighty-six feet in front, con- 
 sists of a centre building, one hundred and 
 forty-two feet in front, and one hundred and 
 seventy-five in depth, with two extensive wings. 
 The centre, which is embellished by a hand- 
 some portico and entablature, supported by 
 eight Ionic columns, projects, both in front and 
 rear, beyond the line of the wings, to which 
 balconies, extending their entire length, and 
 resting upon iron pillars, are affixed. The centre 
 basement contains a refectory, one hundred and 
 thirteen feet in length, a kitchen, and a furnace, 
 by which the various apartments are warmed. 
 The principal floor contains eight rooms, which 
 are occupied by the keeper and his assistants ; 
 a chapel in the rear, lighted from above, and 
 several other apartments for the surgeons, 
 apothecaries, &c. The second story is divided 
 into dormitories, baths, &lc. 
 
 The wings, which are three stories high, 
 contain halls, offices, operating rooms, work- 
 shops, &c. There are one hundred and eighty 
 dormitories, capable of lodging about four 
 
DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 75 
 
 hundred persons. All the apartments are 
 vaulted ; and the stairs being of marble, are 
 thus rendered fire-proof. The whole is sur- 
 rounded by ornamented grounds, and the front 
 protected by a neat and substantial iron railing, 
 resting upon a brick foundation. The entire 
 cost of the establishment is about 300,000 dol- 
 lars. Its site is well chosen ; and the country 
 around it, from its great beauty, is calculated to 
 give it an imposing appearance. 
 
 PRESTON RETREAT. 
 Hamilton street, near Schuylkill Third. 
 
 This is a beautiful marble building, now in 
 course of construction. It is designed, by its 
 benevolent founder, Mr. Preston, for the recep- 
 tion and accommodation of indigent widows, 
 and such married women as have become des- 
 titute by the neglect of their husbands. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR LOST CHILDREN. 
 
 Commerce street, above Fifth. 
 
 This is a building appropriated to the recep- 
 tion of lost children, to which the parents or 
 guardians of such children usually repair, and 
 there find the object of their search. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE 
 
 DEAF AND DUMB. 
 
 Corner of Broad and Pine streets. 
 
 The " Deaf and Dumb Asylum," generally 
 so called, was incorporated in 1821 — and is 
 
76 BLIND INSTITUTION. 
 
 supported by voluntary contributions from citi- 
 zens, and annual appropriations by the state 
 legislature. Several of the pupils are main- 
 tained by their friends, others by the states of 
 New Jersey and Maryland. 
 
 The main building-, at present occupied by 
 the institution, was completed in 1825, since 
 which time, extensive additions have been made 
 in the rear, and the v;hoIe is now well adapted 
 to the various purposes for which it was 
 designed. The system of instruction pursued 
 here, is similar to that of Abbe De L'Epee and 
 Abbe Sicard of Paris. In addition to the cul- 
 ture bestowed upon the moral and intellectual 
 faculties of the pupils, they are each taught 
 some mechanical trade, by which they may 
 support themselves in after life. The public 
 exhibitions, which take place on the afternoon 
 of every Thursday, and to which access may 
 be had on application to one of the managers, 
 are exceedingly interesting. They develope 
 fully and satisfactorily, the system by which 
 the pupils are taught to communicate their 
 ideas to others ; and the process by which they 
 are enabled to attain an elevation in point of 
 moral and intellectual improvement, truly 
 astonishing. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE 
 INSTRUCTION OF THE BLIND. 
 
 Race street, near Schuylkill Third. 
 
 The edifice in which the institution and its 
 interesting pupils are now comfortably estab- 
 lished, is built of brick, stuccoed in imitation 
 
BLIND INSTITUTION. 77 
 
 of marble, and occupies a lot 247 feet on Race, 
 and 220 on Third street. In front is an extensive 
 esplanade, decorated with flower gardens, and 
 in the rear are the play grounds of the pupils, 
 who are provided with the usual appliances for 
 gymnastic exercises. The plan of the building, 
 which was designed and erected expressly for 
 the institution, is admirably adapted to all its 
 purposes. Besides the hall, which contains the 
 school, exhibition, and lodging rooms, there is 
 a commodious brick building, erected for the 
 accommodation of the various trades in which 
 the pupils are engaged, when not otherwise 
 employed. 
 
 It is to the indefatigable exertions of the late 
 Julius R. Friedlander, aided by some benevo- 
 lent individuals, among whom the venerable 
 John Vaughan stands conspicuous, that this 
 admirable charity owes its foundation ; and it 
 is also indebted to the liberality of the state, 
 and to the munificent bequests of William 
 Young Birch, and others, for the means of its 
 future support. 
 
 By this excellent establishment, from forty to 
 fifty blind children, of both sexes, are not only 
 rendered happy in themselves, and useful to 
 society, but are taught to execute many inge- 
 nious works, with an accuracy and delicacy 
 which the clear sighted can scarcely excel. 
 
 Some are excellent musicians, others arith- 
 meticians, printers, weavers, brush makers — in 
 short, there is no employment beyond their 
 power of attainment. All are instructed in 
 reading, geography, and arithmetic: some 
 write poetry and compose music; others are 
 versed in geography, and its kindred sciences. 
 
78 WILLS S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Their exhibitions never fail to delight the 
 numerous visiters by whom Ihey are attended. 
 
 The principal of the institution, Dr. Rhoads, 
 is indefatigable in his attention to strangers, 
 and takes pleasure in displaying to the curious 
 all the interesting objects of his establishment. 
 
 A public examination takes place at three 
 o'clock in the afternoon, on the second Friday in 
 each month. Tickets of admission may be pro- 
 cured at the store of Mrs. Hobson, No. 196 
 Chesnut street. 
 
 WILLS S HOSPITAL. 
 
 Race^ between Schuylkill Fourth and Fifth 
 streets. 
 
 Mr. James Wills, a member of the Society 
 of Friends, bequeathed to the city, as trustee, 
 one hundred and eight thousand dollars, for the 
 purpose of erecting and supporting a place of 
 refuge for the indigent lame and blind of the 
 city and county of Philadelphia. 
 
 In obedience to his injunction, the city 
 authorities caused a suitable edifice to be con- 
 structed in Race street ; and the establishment 
 soon after went into operation. The exterior 
 of the building is of a beautiful sandstone, of 
 very peculiar colour, two stories high, and 
 appropriately arranged within. The grounds 
 are tastefully laid out, and the whole presents 
 an appearance of great neatness and good 
 order. 
 
PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. i » 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL. 
 Pine street, between Eighth and Ninth. 
 
 This really admirable institution was founded 
 through the instrumentality of Doctors Frank- 
 lin and Bond, who, by petition from themselves 
 and others, to the legislature of Pennsylvania, 
 in 1750, procured a donation of ^2000, condi- 
 tioned that a like sum should be raised by pri- 
 vate subscription. 
 
 These conditions were promptly complied 
 with — a board of managers chosen, and a house 
 hired, in which patients were received, in 1752. 
 Increasing funds enabled the managers to pur- 
 chase the lot on which the present edifice is 
 erected. Their grounds were subsequently 
 enlarged by a grant from the proprietaries, and 
 in 1755, the foundation of the hospital was 
 commenced. Further purchases extended the 
 hospital grounds to a fraction above thirteen 
 acres, which, with the elevation and magnitude 
 of the buildings, environed with fine forest 
 trees, gives an airy and imposing appearance 
 to the whole. 
 
 In front, and to the south of the hospital, in a 
 fine area, stands a full length statue of William 
 Penn, in bronzed lead. 
 
 The hospital contains an anatomical museum, 
 and a library amounting to upwards of eight 
 thousand volumes. The works in this collection 
 are chiefly on subjects appropriate to the insti- 
 tution. 
 
 It would exceed our limits to go into detail 
 on this meritorious establishment but we quote 
 9 
 
80 CITY HOSPITAL. 
 
 the following from the Philadelphia edition of 
 Brewster's Encyclopedia. " There is perhaps 
 no other institution where more attention is 
 paid to cleanliness and the general comfort of 
 the sufferers. The managers are indefatiga- 
 ble in their attention to the interests of the 
 establishment, and the extension and increase 
 of its usefulness. The medical attendants are 
 men of superior abilities, and the steward, 
 nurses, and care-takers, well qualified for the 
 duties of their offices." 
 
 The managers of this hospital have just 
 completed an extensive and commodious house 
 for the reception of their insane patients and 
 residents. By this arrangement, this branch 
 of the establishment will be wholly detached 
 from the old one in Pine street. The new 
 building is situated in Blockley township, 
 between the Haverford and Westchester roads, 
 about two miles west of the Market street 
 bridge. 
 
 CITY HOSPITAL. 
 
 Corner of St. Andrev) and Schuylkill Fourth 
 streets. 
 
 This extensive building was erected by the 
 board of health, for the reception of yellow 
 fever patients. 
 
 The city having for many years escaped this 
 awful visitation, the building has, for the most 
 part of the time, remained unoccupied, except 
 by those having charge of it. It is occasionally 
 used as a small-pox hospital, &c. 
 
DISPENSARIES. 81 
 
 PHILADELPHIA DISPENSARY. 
 
 Fifth street^ opposite Independence Square. 
 
 Tliis praiseworthy institution was established 
 in 17S6, with the design of affording' relief to 
 the indigent sick, who receive medicine and 
 advice gratuitously. 
 
 It is supported by private contributions and 
 donations from the humane. 
 
 NORTHERN" DISPENSARY, 
 37 North Front street, 
 
 And the 
 
 SOUTHERN DISPENSARY, 
 98 SMppen street. 
 
 Are designed for the same object, and are 
 maintained by means similar to those of the 
 Philadelphia Dispensary. 
 
 ASYLUM FOR LUNATICS. 
 
 Near the village of Frankford. 
 
 This establishment, though five miles distant 
 from Philadelphia, may be regarded as one of 
 its institutions. 
 
 It was founded in 1814, by members of the 
 Society of Friends— and the buildings, which 
 cost about $G0,000, were soon afler completed. 
 
82 GERMAN HALL. 
 
 The asylum is under the direction of twfche 
 managers. Like the Pennsylvania Hospital, 
 the asylum is, in every respect, a perfect pattern 
 of cleanliness and good order. Here " there is 
 a place for every thing, and every thing is in 
 its place." 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH HOSPITAL. 
 Cherry street, between Third and Fourth. 
 
 Was founded by Dr. John Kearsley, for the 
 relief of aged females, members of the Pro- 
 testant Episcopal Church. Subsequent addi- 
 tions to the funds of the institution have enabled 
 the managers to erect a convenient building 
 for its accommodation. 
 
 Seventh street, between Market and Chesnut. 
 
 This is a neat two-story brick building, the 
 upper part of which is occupied by the society 
 as a place of meeting, and the lower part by 
 the Schuylkill Navigation Company, as an 
 office. 
 
 In addition to the benevolent institutions we 
 have described, the following deserve notice : 
 
 American Sunday School Union, 146 Chesnut 
 street, whence immense quantities of books, 
 &c., designed for the use of Sunday School 
 teachers and scholars, are distributed in all 
 directions. 
 
SOCIETIES. 83 
 
 Philadelphia Bible Society— Domestic and 
 Foreign Missionary Society, 158 Market street. 
 
 Board of Missions, (Presbyterian,) 29 San- 
 som street. 
 
 Baptist Tract Society, 21 South Fourth 
 street. 
 
 Board of Education, (Presbyterian,) 29 San- 
 som street. 
 
 Philadelphia Tract Society, 13 North Seventh 
 street. 
 
 Union Benevolent Association, corner of 
 Eighth and Lodge, near Chesnut street. 
 
 Home Missionary Society, 134 Chesnut 
 street. 
 
 Pennsylvania Colonization Society, 27 San- 
 som street. 
 
 Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, 31 North 
 Fifth street. 
 
 Philadelphia City Mission, Lombard street, 
 above Ninth. 
 
 Pennsylvania Missionary Society, Market 
 street. 
 
 Missionary Society of St. James — Philadel- 
 phia Education Society, 134 Chesnut street. 
 
 Seaman's Friend Society, 121 South Second 
 street. 
 
 Seaman's Friend Society, or Girard House, 
 23 North Water street. 
 
 Foster Home, Chesnut street, near Schuylkill 
 Fourth street. 
 
 Magdalen Asylum, corner of Race and 
 Schuylkill Second street. 
 
 Clarkson Hall, 10 Cherry street. 
 
 Franklin Free School, 430 North Third 
 street. 
 
 Fuel Saving Society, corner of Locust and 
 Schuylkill Seventh streets. 
 
84 SOCIETIES. 
 
 House of Industry, 7 Ranstead's court, 
 Fourth street, above Chesnut. 
 
 Infant School, No. 1, Thirteenth street, near 
 Race. 
 
 Philadelphia Institute, Filbert street, above 
 Eleventh. 
 
 St. Mary's Free School, 104 South Fifth 
 street. 
 
 Evangelical Society, for promoting Christian- 
 ity among the poor in the suburbs of Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Young Men's Missionary Society. 
 
 Female Missionary Society. 
 
 Missionary Society of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church. 
 
 Common Prayer Book Society. 
 
 Episcopal Society for the advancement of 
 Christianity in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Episcopal Female Tract Society. 
 
 Religious Tract Society. 
 
 Mosheim Society. 
 
 Female Society for the Education of the 
 Heathen. 
 
 Education Society, for preparing young men 
 for the Ministry. 
 
 Philadelphia Auxiliary Colonization Society. 
 
 Pennsylvania Peace Society. 
 
 Pennsylvania Temperance Society. 
 
 Young Men's Temperance Society. 
 
 Pennsylvania Society for the promotion of 
 Public Schools. 
 
 Philadelphia Society for the establishment 
 and support of Charity Schools. 
 
 Philadelphia Auxiliary Society for amelio- 
 rating the condition of the Jews, &c. 
 
 Union Society for the instruction of poor 
 female children. 
 
SOCIETIES. 85 
 
 Aimwetl School Society. 
 
 Society for the Relief and Employment of 
 the Poor. 
 
 Provident Society, for the employment of the 
 poor. 
 
 Female Society, whose objects are similar to 
 those of the preceding. 
 
 City Soup Societies. 
 
 Humane Society, for restoring drowned 
 persons. 
 
 St. Andrew's Society, for aiding Scotchmen 
 in distress. 
 
 St. George's Society. 
 
 Welch Society. 
 
 Hibernian Society. 
 
 German Society. 
 
 The five last mentioned societies were formed 
 for the relief of foreign emigrants. 
 
 Philadelphia Society, for alleviating the 
 miseries of Public Prisons. 
 
 Pennsylvania Society, for the abolition of 
 slavery in Pennsylvania, and for the improve- 
 ment of the African Race. 
 
 And about forty Masonic Lodges, under 
 the direction of the Grand Lodge of Penn- 
 sylvania. 
 
 Society of " Odd Fellows," whose object and 
 discipline are similar to those of other Masonic 
 institutions. They have a fine hall in Fifth 
 street, below Walnut. 
 
 Franklin Fund, bequeathed by Dr. Franklin, 
 for aiding young mechanics in commencing 
 business. 
 
 Scott Fund, for the same purpose. 
 
 Bleakly Fund, for the relief of persons in the 
 City Hospital. 
 
86 SOCIETIES. 
 
 Carter and Petty Fund, for supplying the 
 poor with bread. 
 
 Keble Fund, for such charitably purposes as 
 the clergy of the Episcopal Churches of Phila- 
 delphia may determine. 
 
 Adelphi School, for the instruction of poor 
 children. 
 
 Friends^ School, for the gratuitous education 
 of the blacks. 
 
 Ship Masters'' Society, for the relief of poor 
 and distressed masters of ships, their widows 
 and children. 
 
 Pilots^ Society, similar to the above. 
 
 Mariners^ Society, for the relief of sick mem- 
 bers, and the assistance of their families. 
 
 Stone Cutters'' Society, for the relief of poor 
 and distressed stone cutters, their widows and 
 children, and other purposes. 
 
 Master Bricklayers^ Society, similar to the 
 preceding. 
 
 Philadelphia Typographical Society, for 
 mutual benefit, and to regulate the prices of 
 work. 
 
 Master Taylors^ Society. 
 
 Provident Society of House Carpenters. 
 
 Master Mechanics'' Beneficial Society, 
 
 Philanthropic Society, for the relief of sick 
 members, and other purposes. 
 
 Columbian Benevolent Society. 
 
 American Beneficial Society. 
 
 St. Tammany Benevolent Society. 
 
 Northern Liberties Benevolent Society. 
 
 Union Beneficial Society. 
 
 Philadelphia Benevolent Society. 
 
 American Friendly Institution. 
 
 Friendly Society of Philadelphia. 
 
PUBLIC PRISONS. 87 
 
 Union Society of Philadelphia. 
 Independent Benevolent Society, 
 Pennsylvania Benefit Society. 
 Friendly Society. 
 United German Benefit Society. 
 German American Mutual Assistance So- 
 ciety. 
 
 Caledonian Society. 
 
 Scotts'' Thistle Society. 
 
 St. Patricli's Benevolent Society. 
 
 Societe Francaise de Bienfaisance. 
 
 Association of the Friends of Ireland. 
 
 Croghun Benevolent Society. 
 
 Olive Branch Society. 
 
 Rising Star Benevolent Society. 
 
 United States Benevolent Association. 
 
 Warren Beneficial Society. 
 
 PUBLIC PRISONS. 
 
 STATE PENITENTIARY. 
 
 Coates street, west of Broad. 
 
 To the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating 
 the Miseries of Public Prisons, belongs the 
 credit of introducing- the existing Penitentiary 
 System — not only in Pennsylvania, or the 
 United States, but of the civilized world— so 
 far as that system has been adopted. It was 
 in Philadelphia that the first essay was thus 
 made towards an amelioration of the sanguinary 
 penal codes of Europe, which no longer dis- 
 figure the jurisprudence of our state. 
 
88 PENITENTIARY. 
 
 On the first introduction of this system into 
 Pennsylvania, the Walnut street Prison, which 
 stood immediately opposite the State House 
 garden, was employed as a Penitentiary : but 
 a new and greatly improved structure for such 
 an estabhshment, has been erected, and is now 
 fully organised in all its parts. 
 
 It is an immense building, from a design by 
 Haviland ; and in point both of magnitude and 
 as a sample of the artist's skill, deserves atten- 
 tion. In the general arrangement of the 
 several parts, strength, convenience, and 
 economy, are judiciously combined. 
 
 The whole front externally, has the appear, 
 ance of an extensive and solid edifice. 
 
 One strong entrance in character with the 
 architectural composition, is a conspicuous 
 feature in the front. There is a strong station- 
 ary wrought iron grating or portcullis over the 
 gateway, which affords light to the entrance : 
 between it and the rear gate, is sufficient room 
 for a team and wagon to stand, that will admit 
 of the keeper securing the front gate previous 
 to the opening of the rear one. 
 
 The watch towers command, from their 
 height and position, the inside and outside of 
 the external walls : their entrance is by means 
 of two strong doors, hung of a sufficient dis- 
 tance apart to allow of entering the outside one 
 and securing it previously to opening the 
 inside one. 
 
 The exterior wall is estimated at thirty feet 
 high from the level of the ground on the inside, 
 and covered with an inclined coping that pro- 
 jects on the inside four feet, that will frustrate 
 any attempt to climb over it. This wall 
 encloses an area of 650 feet square, in which 
 
PENITENTIARY. 89 
 
 the cells are disposed. Every window in the 
 front building is constructed with an iron grat- 
 ing-, and the doors well bolted and locked, on 
 the most improved plan ; and every other neces- 
 sary precaution adopted to render the prison 
 secure. 
 
 By the distribution of the several blocks of 
 cells, forming so many radiating lines to the 
 observatory or watch house, which is equal in 
 width to one of those blocks, a watchman 
 can, from one point, command a view of the 
 extremity of the passages of the cells, or tra- 
 verse under cover unobserved by the prisoners, 
 and overlook every cell : when they are exer- 
 cising m their yards, the same watchman, by 
 walking round a platform three feet wide, con- 
 structed on the outside of this watch room, 
 situated on a level with the first floor, can see 
 into every yard, and detect any prisoner that 
 may attempt to scale the minor walls. 
 
 Each building contains 36 cells, 12 feet long, 
 8 feet wide, and 10 feet high, with an exercis- 
 ing yard to each. The partition walls between 
 the cells are 18 inches in thickness, and their 
 founxlation three feet deep : the wall next the 
 passage is of similar thickness and depth. The 
 exterior wall 2 feet 3 inches thick, and 4 feet 
 below the level of the yard. In each cell there 
 is a floor of masonry, 18 inches in thickness, 
 on which is laid long curb-stones, 10 inches 
 thick, that extend the whole width of the cells, 
 and terminating under the partition wall, which 
 effectually prevent escape by excavation. The 
 windows are inserted in the barrelled ceiling, 
 and formed by a convex reflector of eight 
 inches in diameter, termed dead eyes. This 
 gives ample light to the cells, from a position 
 
90 PENITENTIARY. 
 
 the best for ventilation and the admission of 
 light, and desirable from its being out of the 
 reach of the prisoners climbing up to escape, 
 or to converse from one cell to that of another. 
 This glass is hung up at the apex of a cast iron 
 cone that is securely fixed in the solid masonry 
 of the ceiling, and is a cheap and excellent 
 window. A simple bed is provided, that is 
 hung against the wall, to which it is made to 
 button in the day time, vi^ith the bedding 
 enclosed in it, out of the way. 
 
 The wall next the passage contains, annexed 
 to each cell, a feeding drawer and peep hole. 
 The drawer is of cast iron, six inches deep and 
 sixteen wide, projecting of sufficient depth into 
 the cell to form, when closed, a table of twelve 
 inches from the surface of the wall, on the 
 inside, from which the prisoner eats his meals. 
 This drawer, on the back, is made with a stop^ 
 that, when drawn out by the keeper in the pas- 
 sage, for the purpose of depositing food or 
 raiment, closes the aperture behind, and conse- 
 quently prevents the prisoner seeing the super- 
 intendent, or receiving by this opportunity, any 
 thing but what is intended for him. 
 
 A hollow cone of cast iron is fixed securely 
 in the wall, with its apex next the passage, 
 from which small aperture of one-fourth of an 
 inch in diameter, you command a view of the 
 cell, unobserved by the prisoner. A stopper is 
 slid over this peep hole, and fixed on the out- 
 side, so that no person can make use of it but 
 the superintendent. The door of the entrance 
 is next the yard, properly secured with the 
 most approved fastenings, and provided with a 
 wrought-iron grated door, in addition to a 
 strongly framed wooden one ; this wooden door 
 
PENITENTIARY. 91 
 
 being kept open in the summer, or when occa- 
 sion may require, it permits the fresh air to 
 pass into the cell, and the iron grated one 
 secures the prisoner. There is also a strong 
 iron door fixed on the outside wall of the exer- 
 cising yards. 
 
 A reservoir is constructed in the centre of 
 the prison, under the floor of the watch house, 
 arched over, of sufficient capacity for the pur- 
 poses of the jail : from this basin of v^ater are 
 disposed, under ground, out of reach of the frost, 
 seven cast iron main pipes or sewers, say of 
 eight inches diameter in the bore, one imme- 
 diately placed under the centre of the passages, 
 into which is connected a pipe of four inches 
 diameter, from each cell, of sufficient height to 
 reach sixteen inches above the floor of the cell, 
 the water being introduced into those pipes, is 
 by means of a ball-cock in the reservoir, regu- 
 lated to a height level wilhin six inches of the 
 seat or privy in the cell. By this means the 
 pipe is always kept full of water, that prevents 
 the prisoners from speaking through them, and 
 the return of any foul air into the cell. At the 
 extremity of each block of cells is fixed a sluice 
 gate that stops the water, and lets it off as often 
 as may be found necessary, by which means 
 the filth of the pipes are effectually cleansed 
 with rapidity and ease ; and by stopping, it fills 
 the pipe instantaneously with a fresh supply of 
 water. The dirt is carried into a common 
 sewer, and conducted into the culvert of the 
 adjoining street, or a well at the extremity of 
 each radiating block. 
 
 The ventilator of the cell is in the form of a 
 funnel, stationed three feet over the seat of the 
 privy, with a small pipe, six inches in diameter, 
 
92 PENITENTIARY. 
 
 connected at its apex, through which the air 
 passes from the cell through the ceiling into 
 the open air. The passages are amply lighted, 
 and ventilated by circular window at each end, 
 four feet in diameter, and six conical windows 
 in the ceilings. The arched ceilings of the 
 cells and passages form a solid roof of masonry. 
 
 The cells are heated by hot air supplied from 
 two furnaces constructed in the rooms at the 
 end of the buildings next to the observatory. 
 By these means, the objections to the introduc 
 tiori of a separate fire-place to each cell is 
 removed, and less superintendence eifected with 
 greater economy, security, and privacy. 
 
 A covered way is introduced from each radi- 
 ating building of the cells to the centre, for the 
 convenience of superintending the prisoners, 
 and conveying their food in bad weather : this 
 cheap screen is covered with a shingled roof, 
 and enclosed by vi^eather-boarded sides, in 
 which are inserted windows, and finished with 
 a floor. 
 
 The centre building forms a cover for the 
 reservoir — its basement is a general watch 
 house, and the room over it is a chamber for 
 the accommodation of the under-keepers and 
 watchmen. At the outside of the building, on 
 a level with this floor, is a platform ; a bell is 
 hung in the roof for the watchmen and domes- 
 tic purposes of the institution. 
 
 The offices for cooking, washing, and other 
 domestic purposes of the prison, are disposed 
 in the basement of the front building. 
 
 The rooms in which those who are to be 
 employed to do the work of cooking, baking, 
 &c., are in the left wing, with a yard and privy 
 annexed to it for their accommodation. The 
 
PENITENTIARY. 
 
 93 
 
 rooms in the right wing are applied for those 
 purposes in which female domestics are gene- 
 rally employed, such as the washing, ironing, 
 &c. : they "are also provided with a separate 
 yard. The access to those rooms in the base- 
 ment, from the entrance, is by a flight of steps 
 that descend on the right, and on the left by a 
 similar number of steps, you ascend to the 
 rooms on both sides on the first floor, which is 
 five feet above the level of the ground, and 
 entrance over the bake.room, kitchen, ifec. The 
 rooms in the left side are appropriated for the 
 officers of the prison, such as the commission- 
 ers, clerks, and turnkeys' rooms. They are of 
 suitable dimensions. The rooms on the right 
 side, corresponding to those on the left, are 
 used for the warden and turnkeys' purposes, 
 &c. ; and care has been taken to dispose con- 
 veniently of such rooms, or stores, that require 
 the keepers' particular superintendence. 
 
 In the centre room, over the entrance, is the 
 apothecary's room. It occupies the second 
 floor of the left wing. It is the most healthy 
 and airy situation — is convenient for the care 
 of the warden, and has a private entrance : it 
 is a distinct and separate fire-proof section, 
 without any door, window, or other aperture, 
 connected with the other rooms of the building, 
 provided with a private stone stair-case, and 
 entrance from an external door in the rear, and 
 approachable only through this entrance, except 
 in time of alarm, when the keeper can pass 
 from his chamber, through a fire-proof door 
 into the apothecary's room ; thus, in case of 
 any contagious disease in the infirmary, the 
 chance of infection to the residents is greatly 
 diminished. 
 
94 COUNTY PRISON. 
 
 COUNTY PRISON. 
 Passyunk road, below Federal street. 
 
 If it were admissible to say that the structure 
 and portal of a prison were agreeable, the build- 
 ing now under review deserves attention. The 
 massive vaulting of the great entrances pre- 
 sents a very fine specimen of Gothic architec- 
 ture, and is one of the purest examples of that 
 style, in this country. 
 
 This prison serves the purpose of the old 
 Arch street Prison, which, since the completion 
 of the new one, has been demolished, and its 
 place is now occupied by handsome dwellings. 
 The County Prison is appropriated to the con- 
 finement of persons accused of crimes, previous 
 to trial, and others who are convicted and sen- 
 tenced for short terms. That part of the house 
 occupied by the prisoners, is divided into two 
 extensive halls, with three tiers of cells on each 
 side. The two upper tiers are approached by 
 means of corridors or galleries extending the 
 entire length of the halls, which are lighted 
 from the roof. The cells resemble those of the 
 State Penitentiary in all respects, except in the 
 mode of lighting them, which is done by means 
 of apertures in the side walls, instead of the 
 roof. 
 
 debtors' prison. 
 
 Next to the County Prison. 
 
 This really unique building is an object of 
 universal attention to strangers. The style of 
 
HOUSE OF EEFUGE. 95 
 
 architecture, and the colour of the material of 
 which it is composed, are very peculiar. It is 
 decorated with a portal, consisting of two 
 huge Egyptian columns, composed of red sand- 
 stone, supporting a pediment of like dimensions. 
 The remainder of the front partakes of the 
 general character of its entrance, and the whole 
 edifice strongly reminds us of Denon's vivid 
 description of tiie architectural beauties of 
 ancient Egypt, in the times of the Pharoahs. 
 
 HOUSE or CORRECTION". 
 At Busk Hill 
 
 This is used for the confinement of disorderly 
 persons, and such as are charged with minor 
 offences. 
 
 HOUSE OF REFUGE. 
 Corner of Coates street and Ridge road. 
 
 This institution, founded by the benevolence 
 of some citizens, is appropriated to the confine- 
 ment of young delinquents, who, in addition to 
 their moral culture, are taught the various 
 elementary branches of an English education, 
 together with the practice of some useful 
 handicraft. 
 
 By the establishment of this institution, the 
 juvenile offender is effectually separated from 
 those adepts in crime, with whom he was for- 
 merly incarcerated ; and, from its peculiar 
 organization, it obviates not only the painful 
 sentence of infamy which follows a public trial 
 
96 HOUSE OF REFUGE. 
 
 and conviction, but renders such trial and con- 
 viction unnecessary. But the inquiry which 
 precedes admission here, is not necessarily into 
 the guilt or innocence of the subject, -wiih a 
 view to punishment. Such inquiry may be 
 made ; and the law provides for the reception 
 of children who have been thus exposed to it, 
 in the regular and accustomed form. Convic- 
 tion is one of the circumstances which will 
 justify admission here ; and there is no other 
 mode in which conviction can take place, 
 except by jury. One class of subjects, there- 
 fore, is formed by those who have been regu- 
 larly tried and condemned. A much larger 
 class happily finds a shelter here, where the 
 inquiry has been directed mainly to the crim- 
 inal tendency and manifestations of their con- 
 dition — to their means of support — to the 
 protection and guidance they receive from their 
 natural friends. 
 
 If adequate securities against guilt are 
 wanting, and they must in all probability 
 become criminal as well as wretched, they are 
 entitled to a place within these walls, even 
 though they may not have committed specific 
 crimes. The imputation of a crime is not a 
 necessary passport to admission. If it has been 
 committed, it furnishes strong evidence of the 
 absence and necessity of proper guardianship, 
 since it would not have taken place, if neither 
 necessity nor bad example had been the induce- 
 ment. But it is only in this respect that the 
 crime is adverted to. A child is not the less 
 wretched, because guilty. Its wretchedness 
 alone gives it a just title to reception. The 
 addition of criminality does not take away its 
 claims. Almost every child that steals, is a 
 
HOUSE OF REFUGE. 97 
 
 vagrant as well as a thief: for theft is the result 
 of a want of honest occupation and support; 
 and a want of honest means of subsistence, is 
 vagrancy. When a commitment, therefore, is 
 made by a magistrate, it is not simply or even 
 necessarily because of a crime, but because of 
 the want and bereavement, of which crime is 
 both the proof and the consequence. It would 
 be equally cruel and unnecessary to subject to 
 trial and conviction, and thus to lasting infamy, 
 when the requisitions of the law are fulfilled 
 without them, and the child is instructed, cher- 
 ished, saved, without exposing it to the melan- 
 choly satisfaction of knowing that there are 
 two motives for its restraint, when one is suffi- 
 cient. 
 
 The system is introduced for the purpose of 
 preventing punishment. It humanely ascribes 
 the errors of early youth, to the unconscious 
 imitation of evil examples, to accident, to the 
 disregard of parents, to any thing rather than 
 moral guilt. It therefore treats tliem as defi- 
 ciencies of education, and provides means bj 
 which those deficiencies may be supplied. If 
 the parent or the natural friend will show that 
 there are no such deficiencies, or that proofs 
 are wanting to substantiate them, the discipline 
 of the house is at once withheld for other 
 objects. 
 
 The house is supported by funds received 
 from the association, by annual donations from 
 the state and county, and by individual dona- 
 tions and bequests. It is governed by one 
 president, two vice presidents, and board of 
 twenty managers, who are assisted in the per- 
 formance of their duties by a committee of 
 twelve ladies. The domestic establishment 
 I 
 
98 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 consist of a superintendent, matron, teacher, 
 two physicians, and such attendants as may be 
 deemed necessary. The managers report their 
 transactions annually to the association. The 
 inmates now manufacture shoes, wearing appa- 
 rel, baskets, book covers, bed ticks, quilts, stock- 
 ings, shirts, &c., &c. On the expiration of the 
 term of confinement, the boys are apprenticed 
 to respectable mechanics or farmers, and the 
 girls to families, by whom they are taught to 
 perform the customary duties of domestics. 
 
 The building is erected on a lot of ground 
 four hundred feet in front, on Coates street, and 
 two hundred and thirty-one in depth — enclosed 
 by a stone wall, two feet thick, and twenty -two 
 feet high. The main building, ninety-two feet 
 in length, fronts the north, and is occupied by 
 the superintendent, managers' rooms, library, 
 &c. The wings contain the dormitories, &c. 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL. 
 Jumper street, opposite S. E. Penn square. 
 
 The building in which this school is estab- 
 lished, is in the immediate vicinity of the 
 United States mint. Its dimensions are sixty 
 by forty feet and three stories high, with a 
 marble front and handsome Ionic portico. The 
 interior arrangements and apparatus are pecu- 
 liarly fitted for the uses to which they are 
 
CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL. 99 
 
 applied. They include a well stored library, 
 philosophical instruments, mineralogical cabi- 
 net; and in the upper apartments, an astrono- 
 mical observatory has been erected, for which 
 the requisite apparatus and furniture are pre- 
 paring-. In this institution, which was opened 
 on the 22nd of October, 1838, are taught an- 
 cient and modern languages, belle lettres, 
 mathematics and natural science. None but 
 pupils who shall have attended the primary 
 pubhc schools, for a period of at least six 
 months, are admitted into the high school ; 
 an arbitrary prohibition, which if not speedily 
 removed, may ultimately lead to the failure of 
 the establishment. Any restriction but such as 
 may be imposed by a want of j accommodation, 
 is, we think, inconsistent with the spirit of our 
 school laws, and in direct hostility to the bene- 
 volent intentions of their framers. 
 
 In addition to the high school, there are dis- 
 tributed throughout the city and . districts, 
 several primary schools, which like the former 
 are supported at public expense. In these 
 schools, the usual elementary branches of a 
 good English education are taught. They are 
 situated as follows: — in Ashton street above 
 Lombard ; in New Market street above Noble ; 
 in Eleventh street corner of Buttonwood ; in 
 Chester street corner of Maple ; in Race street 
 above Broad; in Eighth corner of Fitzwater; 
 in Second street corner of Masters ; in Cath- 
 erine street above Third ; and at No. 432 North 
 Third street. 
 
100 CEMETERIES. 
 
 CEMETERIES. 
 
 LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 
 
 Ridge Road, three miles N. W. of the city. 
 
 This celebrated burial place was originally 
 the country seat of one of the opulent citizens 
 of Philadelphia. It was afterwards occupied 
 by numerous tenants as a public g'arden, col- 
 lege, &,c., when in 1836 it was finally pur- 
 chased by some gentlemen of the city who 
 formed themselves into a joint stock company, 
 and laid it out as a public cemetery, having 
 first obtained an act of incorporation. The 
 cemetery of Laurel Hill is situated on the east 
 bank of the Schuylkill at a mean elevation of 
 eighty or ninety feet above the river. Its sur- 
 face is exceedingly undulating, beautifully di- 
 versified by hill and dale, and enriched by a 
 vast number of forest and ornamental trees : 
 the whole presenting a coup d'ceil, at once im- 
 pressive and grand in a high degree. It is the 
 most extensive cemetery in the vicinity of Phil- 
 adelphia, having a front on the Ridge road, of 
 two hundred and nineteen feet and extending 
 from that road to the river bank, with an area 
 of about twenty acres. The irregularity of the 
 ground renders it extremely picturesque, and 
 its beauty is still farther enhanced by the varied 
 foliage of its numerous trees and shrubs shading 
 tombs of every form. Few situations com- 
 mand so extensive and diversified a prospect. 
 On the west is seen the beautiful Schuvlkill 
 
LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 101 
 
 reflecting the high and craggy hills of the op» 
 posite bank ; on the south through a long vista 
 of overhanging foliage, we view the Columbia 
 viaduct and inclined plane; on the north the 
 falls of Schuylkill and the crossing of the Read- 
 ing Rail- road. In every view, nature seems to 
 have pointed out this enchanting spot, with sig- 
 nificant energy, as the appropriate mansion for 
 the dead. In and around it are all the varied 
 features of her beauty and grandeur; the forest 
 crowned height, the abrupt acclivity, the shel- 
 tered valley, the deep glen, the grassy glade 
 and the silent grave, all combining to heighten 
 the melancholy beauties of the scene. 
 
 The first object that presents itself to the 
 visiter on entering the gate is the admirable 
 specimen of statuary of " Old Mortality," exe- 
 cuted in sand-stone by Thom, a self taught 
 artist. Many of the tombs are distinguished 
 for their great beauty and simplicity. 
 
 At the entrance is an open space between 
 two avenues, on one side of which is the house 
 of the keeper and the porter's lodge. The 
 chapel, a beautiful Gothic building, illuminated 
 by an immense window of variegated glass, is 
 situated on the high ground to the right of the 
 entrance, and the other structures erected for 
 the accommodation of visiters and others are 
 judiciously disposed according to the original 
 plan. The ground is laid out with gravelled 
 walks and divided in lots of various dimen- 
 sions, arranged at suitable distances, along the 
 winding passages. These are appropriated as 
 family burial places, with the perpetual right 
 to purchasers of inclosing, decorating and 
 using them for that purpose. Strangers are 
 permitted to view the ground on application at 
 
102 MONUMENT CEMETERY. 
 
 the gate or by producing a ticket from one of 
 the managers by which they can enter the 
 enclosure with their carriaffes. 
 
 MONUMENT CEMETERY. 
 Broad street, near Turner's Lane. 
 
 This is situated in the northern suburbs of 
 Philadelphia, about two miles beyond the city 
 limits. Its general arrangements, with the ex- 
 ception of some modifications in the courses of 
 the avenues, are similar to those of Laurel Hill, 
 and with regard to the mode of obtaining lots, 
 and the tenure by which they are held, there is 
 no difference between them. The site of Mon- 
 ument Cemetery consists of an almost unbroken 
 plane, whose surface is slightly inclined towards 
 the south. Though possessing but kw of the 
 romantic characteristics of Laurel Hill, the 
 Monument Cemetery possesses beauties peculiar 
 to itself, and to some eyes, equal to those of the 
 former. It was opened in 1838, and now con- 
 tains a considerable number of tombs, some 
 very chaste, with appropriate inscriptions. The 
 whole ground is encompassed by a neat pale 
 fence, with an iron gate in front supported by 
 two marble pillars. Owing to a depression in 
 Broad street fronting the cemetery, occasioned 
 by a new regulation of that street, the ground 
 is now elevated some eight or ten feet above 
 the road, and is supported by a massive retain, 
 ing wall, which contributes greatly to improve 
 the appearance of this beautiful and attractive 
 spot. 
 
ronaldson's cemetery. 103 
 
 ronaldson's cemetery. 
 
 ShippeUj between Ninth and Tenth streets. 
 
 The square which now forms this beautiful 
 cemetery, originally belonged to Mr. James 
 Ronaldson, by whom it was parcelled off into 
 lots and disposed of for the purposes of inter- 
 ment. The numerous avenues which intersect 
 each other at right angles, generally bound the 
 burial plots on two sides and thus afford conva- 
 nient access to every part of the ground. As 
 this cemetery was opened long anterior to 
 Laurel Hill and Monument cemetery, it con- 
 tains a large number of splendid tombs and 
 cenotaphs adorned on all sides by flowers of 
 every hue, whose fragrance and beauty, with 
 the plaintive shade of the surrounding foliage, 
 render it an object of peculiar though mournful 
 attention. 
 
 There are several other cemeteries now in 
 use, and arrangements are in progress for open- 
 ing others on similar plans. Among the former 
 are — Macphela Cemetery, in Prime street near 
 Tenth; Philanthropic Cemetery, in Passyunk 
 road, below the county prison : and among the 
 latter are Franklin and Woodland Cemetaries. 
 
104 MISCELLANEOUS INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 NAVY YARD. 
 
 Feont below Prime street. 
 
 The Philadelphia Navy Yard was established 
 several years since under a special act of Con- 
 gress. It contains within its limits about four- 
 teen acres of land and is surrounded on its 
 north, west and south sides by high and sub- 
 stantial brick walls ; the east side fronts on and 
 is open to the river Delaware. Its entrance 
 from Front street is by a double gateway. In- 
 side the enclosure are the necessary buildings, 
 consisting of two immense " ship houses," 
 mariner's barracks and officers' dwelhngs. 
 The largest ship-house, in which the great ship 
 Pennsylvania was constructed, is two hundred 
 seventy-three feet long, one hundred and four 
 wide and eighty-four high. 
 
 MASONIC HALL. 
 Chesnut street, between Seventh and Eighth. 
 
 This spacious and elegant Gothic structure, 
 is now the property of the Franklin Institute. 
 It was built originally for the Grand Lodge of 
 Pennsylvania, and used for many years as a 
 place of meeting for that and several other 
 masonic societies. The lower saloon, one of 
 the most beautiful rooms in the city, is in 
 almost constant requisition for exhibitions of 
 
ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS. 105 
 
 all sorts, balls, fairs, rausical entertainments, 
 (fee, (fee. 
 
 MASONIC HALL. 
 
 Third street^ below Walnut. 
 
 This is a neat and commodious building, 
 erected within a few years, and now occupied 
 bj the Masonic lodges, for their meetings, &c. 
 
 ODD TELLOWS' HALL. 
 
 Fijih street^ below Walnut. 
 
 The Philadelphia fraternity of " Odd Fel- 
 lows," so called, is very considerable, both in 
 number and character, being found in all quar- 
 ters of the city, and consisting of persons of 
 nearly every rank in society. " Secrecy'^ being 
 the watchword of these odd fellows, as well as 
 of their no less odd brethren the masons, we 
 can say nothing with regard to their objects, 
 and domestic arrangements. Their hall is a 
 handsome structure, both within and without, 
 so far as we have been permitted to examine 
 the former. 
 
 ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS. 
 
 Corner of Tenth and Chesnut streets. 
 
 This is one of the most extensive buildings 
 of its class, in the city. Its length, on Tenth 
 street, is two hundred and forty-five feet— its 
 
106 
 
 ATHENIAN BUILDINGS. 
 
 width, on Chesnut street, is about thirty — four 
 stories high, and built of brick, and stuccoed in 
 imitation of granite. The ground floor is 
 divided into stores ; and the first floor, which 
 is attained by a circular stairway of easy 
 ascent, is occupied in its entire extent, by a 
 beautiful saloon, so constructed as to admit of 
 partition, by means of immense folding doors. 
 The furniture and decorations of the saloon 
 are on a scale corresponding with the style and 
 magnitude of the building; and tlje whole 
 establishment deserves the attention of stran- 
 gers. The saloon, like that of the Masonic 
 Hall, is used for many temporary purposes — 
 such as concerts, exhibitions, balls, and the 
 like. 
 
 UNION BUILDINGS. 
 
 Corner of Eighth and Chesnut streets. 
 
 Are similar in form and uses to the Assembly 
 Buildings. 
 
 ATHENIAN BUILDINGS. 
 
 Franklin Place, Chesnut street, between Third 
 and Fourth. 
 
 This structure is no way remarkable, except 
 in point of size, and the purposes to which it is 
 applied. One part of it is occupied as a public 
 house, refectory, «&c. ; and the other is appro- 
 priated to political and other assemblies. 
 
shot tower. 107 
 
 bricklayers' hall. 
 
 Corner of T.iirieenth and Race streets. 
 
 Is a handsome structure, erected for the 
 accommodation of the Bricklayers' Society. 
 
 CARPEJfTERS' HALL. 
 Corner of Thirteenth and Race streets. 
 
 Where also the Carpenters' Society hold their 
 meetings, and regulate the prices of work, 
 
 beck's shot tower. 
 
 Cherry and Schuylkill Second streets. 
 
 Was erected about thirty years since, by Mr. 
 Paul Beck, who continued the manufacture of 
 shot for a long time ; but, owing to the want of 
 adequate protection from the government, he 
 discontinued the business, the prosecution of 
 which was attended by heavy losses. The 
 building forms a striking object in the western 
 part of the city, and serves as a land-mark to 
 passengers. A splendid view of the city and 
 surrounding country may be had from its sum- 
 mit, which is one hundred and sixty-four feet 
 above the ground. It forms a square, whose 
 sides are each thirty-three feet at the base, and 
 twenty -two at the top. 
 
108 arsenals. 
 
 spark's shot tower. 
 
 Carpenter street, between Front and Secona. 
 
 This is a circular spire-like column, thirty 
 feet in diameter at its base, fifteen at the sum- 
 mit, and about one hundred and forty feet in 
 height. Like Beck's Tower, and the State 
 House steeple, Spark's Tower affords a fine 
 view of the adjacent country. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA STATE ARSENAL. 
 Juniper street, opposite S. W. Penn Square. 
 
 Sometimes called the State Armory — is the 
 depository for the ordnance, arms, &:c., belong. 
 ing to the state. The building is of the ordi- 
 nary description ; being adapted to the purposes 
 for which it was erected, without any attempt 
 at embellishment. 
 
 UNITED STATES ARSENAL. 
 Gray's Ferry road. 
 
 The ground occupied by this establishment 
 is bounded by Gray's Ferry road, Sutherland 
 avenue, Paynter and Petty streets. It consists 
 of three principal, and some minor buildings j 
 and the whole are enclosed by a solid brick 
 wall. 
 
BATH HOUSES. 
 
 109 
 
 CITY TOBACCO WAREHOUSE. 
 
 4t the intersection of Dock and Front streets. 
 
 This is an immense structure, erected by the 
 city authorities, for the accommodation of the 
 tobacco trade. The city branch of the Colum- 
 bia railroad terminates here, and communicates 
 with the shipping of the Delaware^ 
 
 swaim's bath house. 
 
 Seventh street^ below Chesnui. 
 This is the most extensive and complete 
 bathing establishment in the city. It is pro- 
 vidcd with every suitable accommodation, and 
 is in all respects deserving of the liberal patron- 
 age which it has received since its foundation, 
 in 1829. 
 
 BATH HOUSE. 
 
 Fromberger^s court, Second street, above Arch. 
 
 This is a well conducted establishment. It 
 accommodates the citizens of the north-eastern* 
 as Swaim's does the middle and south-western 
 parts of the city. 
 
 HARMER's BATH HOUSE. 
 Third street, near ArcL 
 
 PHILADELPHIA GAS WORKS, 
 Schuylkill Front and Filbert streets. 
 Scarcely a more striking picture of change, 
 aecompanied with immense improvement, caa 
 
110 GAS WORKS. 
 
 be presented to the imagination, than that of 
 the general substitution of gas in the streets 
 and shops of the city, in place of the oil lamps 
 of former times. Atnong- the gas establish- 
 ments, the city works claim the first notice, 
 being the first erected in the city. They pre- 
 sent a very remarkable appearance — the gas- 
 ometers, like immense inverted cauldrons, first 
 attract attention, and lead to farther investi- 
 gation. 
 
 The gas meter, the retort, and purifying 
 apartments, the pipes of conduit, and other 
 apparatus, and the buildings themselves, deserve 
 the e pecial attention of visiters. 
 
 NORTHERN LIBERTIES GAS WORKS. 
 
 Maiden street, below Front. 
 
 These M^orks supply the Northern Liberties, 
 Kensington, &c., with gas. Their structure 
 arid management are similar to those of the 
 city. 
 
 MARKET HOUSES, 
 
 Are established in Market street from the 
 Delaware to Eighth street. In Market street 
 from Schuylkill Seventh to Schuylkill Eighth 
 street. In Callowhill street from Fourth to 
 Seventh street. In Spring Garden from Mar- 
 shall to Ninth street. In North Second from 
 Coates street to Poplar Lane. In South Second 
 street from Pine to South street. In Moyamen- 
 
HOTELS. Ill 
 
 sing road from Prime to Washington street. 
 In Sbippen from Third street to Passyunk 
 road. In Eleventh street from Shippen to Fitz- 
 water street. Corner Callowhill and Now 
 Market streets. 
 
 HOTELS. 
 
 Albion House, corner of Seventh and Chesnut 
 
 Arch street House, corner of Arch and North 
 Wharves. 
 
 Black Bear Inn, South Fifth near High. 
 Broad Street House, N. E. corner Broad and 
 Vine. 
 
 Bull's Head, 235 North Third. 
 City Hotel, North Third, near Malterry. 
 Commercial Hotel, 31 Chesnut. 
 Congress Hall, 27 South Third, and 83 Ches- 
 nut. 
 
 Golden Swan, North Third above Mulberry. 
 
 Indian Queen, South Fourth near High. 
 
 Madison House, 39 North Second. 
 
 Mansion House, South Third below Walnut. 
 
 Marshall House, Chesnut near Seventh. 
 
 Morris House, Chesnut below Eighth. 
 
 Merchant's Hotel, North Fourth above High. 
 
 Philadelphia Hotel, North Second above Mul- 
 berry. 
 
 Red Lion Hotel, 200 High. 
 
 Robinson Crusoe, South Third near Chesnut. 
 
 Second Street ilouse, 42 North Second. 
 
 Third Street Hall, corner of North Third and 
 Willow. 
 
 Treraont House, 116 Chesnut. 
 
112 EAILROADS. 
 
 Union Hotel, Chesnut street, below Seventh. 
 
 United States Hotel, Chesnut street, above 
 Fourth. 
 
 Washington House, 223 Chesnut street. 
 
 Western Exchange, High street, west of 
 Penn Square. 
 
 Western Hotel, 288 High street. 
 
 White Swan, 308 Race street. 
 
 RAILROADS FROM PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad. 
 
 Leaves Chesnut street wharf by the steam- 
 boat New Philadelphia, for Bordentown, by cars 
 to South Amboy, and by the steamboat Inde- 
 pendence to New-York, stopping at Burlington, 
 Bristol, Spottswood, and Amboy. Fare to New 
 York, $3 00, deck passengers $3 25 ; and the 
 intermediate places between here and Trenton, 
 the same as in other lines. 
 
 Railroad Line to Trenton. 
 
 Leaves Walnut street wharf at half past two 
 p. M,, daily, by steamboat to Carnden, N. J., and 
 by cars to Trenton. Fare to Trenton, Burling- 
 ton, and Bristol, 25 cents. 
 
 Railroad Line to New York. 
 
 Starts from the depot, corner of Third and 
 Willow streets, at nine a. m., and five p. m., and 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 113 
 
 reaches New York in time to connect with the 
 northern and eastern boats. Fare, $4. 
 
 Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Rail 
 road — new arrangements. 
 
 There are two daily lines to Baltimore and 
 Washington city, at one a. m., and half past 
 three r. M., connectinsj with the morning and 
 evening lines from New York, carrying the 
 U. S. great southern mail, will leave for the 
 purpose of connecting them with the Market 
 street depot, No. 368 Market street, below 
 Eleventh street, daily, at one a. m., and half 
 past three r. m., and will arrive in Baltmiore m 
 time to connect with the morning mail Imes 
 from that city for the south and west. Passen- 
 gers leaving New York at five p. M., evening 
 train, desirous of proceeding south and west, 
 can avail themselves of this line ; and at half 
 past three p. m., a train of cars leave the same 
 depot daily for Baltimore, where they arrive 
 early in the evening. Fare from this city to 
 Baltimore, $4. , , v c -^ a 
 
 This route forms an unbroken line ot railroad 
 conveyance from New- York to Washington 
 city, and no delay occurs from the time they 
 leave New York to Washington city, except 
 the time taken for meals, &c. 
 
 Two Daily Accommodation Trains to Wil- 
 mington, Del. 
 
 At eight A. M,, and half past three p. M., (ex- 
 cept Sunday,) stopping at the Lazaretto, Chester, 
 Marcus Hook, Naaman's Creek, and Quarry- 
 ville. For the accommodation of passengers 
 
114 RAILROADS. 
 
 in the eastern part of the city, a car is kept 
 running in connection with this line from the 
 Exchange, at three p. m,, for the purpose of 
 conveying them to the depot, 368 Market 
 street. 
 
 Gray's Ferry Railroad. 
 
 The pleasure cars of the company leave 
 the Exchange for the new viaduct over the 
 river Schuylkill, and the ferry, every afternoon 
 (except Sunday) at a quarter before two o'clock 
 p, M., and a quarter past three, and four p. m. : 
 returning, leaves the ferry at quarter past two 
 p. M., and six and seven p. m. 
 
 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. 
 
 Starts from Philadelphia at five o'clock a. m., 
 and quarter past two p. m., daily, for Reading, 
 and from Reading at half past seven a. m., and 
 half past two r. m. Depot in this city, corner 
 of Broad and Cherry streets. Breakfast at 
 Pottstown. The afternoon train for Reading, 
 and morning train for Philadelphia, will be 
 accompanied by a ladies' car. Both trains will 
 stop for way passengers at the usual points. 
 Days of starting freight trains from Philadcl- 
 phia, on Wednesday and Saturday — from Read- 
 ing, Tuesday and Friday. 
 
 Railroad to West Chester^ Columbia., Harris- 
 burg, Sfc, 
 
 There are several lines to those places, which 
 leave the depots in Market and Broad streets, 
 every two or three hours during the day. 
 
STEAMBOATS. 115 
 
 Philadelphia, Germaniown, and Norristown 
 Railroad. 
 
 Cars leave the depot, corner of Green and 
 Ninth streets, at frequent intervals during the 
 day. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA STEAMBOATS, 
 
 Steamboats from Philadelphia. The Regular 
 Lines np the River. 
 
 The steamboat New Philadelphia, Captain 
 D. S. Craven, leaves Chesnut street what f every 
 day, (Sundays excepted,) at 7 a. m., for Borden- 
 town, and the passengers by cars to South 
 Amboy, and by steamboat Independence, Cap- 
 tain A. H. Schultz, for New York — touch at 
 Burlington, Bristol, &c. Fare to New York, 
 83 00 ; forward deck passengers, $2 25. 
 
 The steamboat Burlington, Captain P. H. 
 Kester, leaves Chesnut street wharf at a quar- 
 ter before two o'clock, p. m., every other day, 
 (Sunday excepted,) for Burlington, Bristol, Bor- 
 dentown, and Trenton. Fare to Trenton, fifty 
 cents; to the other places, twelve and a half 
 cents. Returning next morning, leaves Bor- 
 dentown at six o'clock. 
 
 The steamboat Hornet, Captain Davidson, 
 leaves the first wharf above Arch street, on 
 Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at two 
 p. M., for Trenton, stopping at Burlington, Bris- 
 tol, White Hill, and Bordentown. Fare, each 
 
116 STEAMBOATS. 
 
 way, twenty.five cents, and twelve and a half 
 cents to either of the intermediate places. 
 Brcakfist twenty.five cents, dinner thirty -seven 
 and a half cents. 
 
 Regular Lines down the River. 
 
 The steamboat Robert Morris, Captain J. M. 
 Douglass, leaves Dock street wharf every morn- 
 ing at half past six o'clock, (Sunday excepted,) 
 for New Castle ; fiom thence the passengers 
 take the railroad to Frenchtown, and then take 
 the steamboat Constitution, or Washington, 
 and arrive in Baltimore one or two hours pre- 
 vious to the departure of the Washington cars, 
 or the afternoon lines for the south and west. 
 Fare, four dollars, to and from Baltimore. 
 Breakfast and dinner, fifty cents. 
 
 The steamboat Telegraph, Captain W. Whil- 
 din, jr., leaves Race street wharf, for Wilming- 
 ton, Delaware, daily, at three o'clock p. m., and 
 Wilmington at six a. m., for Philadelphia, 
 touching at Marcus Hook and Chester. Fare 
 to Wilmington, fifty cents; to Marcus Hook, 
 thirty-seven and a half cents; to Chester, 
 twenty.five cents. 
 
 The steamboat Clifton, Captain George Boon, 
 leaves Race street wharf every other day at ten 
 A. M., (Sunday excepted,) for Salem, New Jer- 
 sey ; touching at Chester, Marcus Hook,Pcnn'a 
 Grove, New Castle, and Delaware City. Re- 
 turning, leaves Salem at eight A. M. Breakfast 
 provided on board. 
 
 The steamboat Pioneer, Captain Bilderback, 
 leaves Arch street wharf every other day, 
 (Sunday excepted,) at two p. m., for Salem, New 
 
STEAMBOATS. 117 
 
 Jersey; stopping at Chester, Marcus Hook, 
 Penn's Grove, New Castle, and Delaware City. 
 Returning, leaves Salem at seven a. m. Dinner 
 and supper provided on board. 
 
 The steamboat Kent, Captain Richard Ross, 
 leaves Arch street wharf, for Smyrna, Dela- 
 ware, on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 
 ten o'clock a. m., touching at Chester, Marcus 
 Hook, Penn's Grove, Newcastle, and Delaware 
 City. Fare to the landing on Duck creek, one 
 dollar and fifty cents; to Smyrna, one dollar 
 and seventy-five cents. Colored persons on the 
 forward deck, one dollar. Breakfast and din- 
 ner provided on board. 
 
 The steam tow-boat Delaware, Captain W. 
 Schellinger, is always in readiness, and con- 
 tinues to tow shipping up and down the river, 
 to sea, and has been pretty constantly employed 
 during the winter, and since the opening of the 
 navigation. The City Ice-boat is laid up, and 
 the Pennsylvania wants repairing. These boats 
 are now the property of the city, and under the 
 control of council. 
 
 During the bathing season, two boats start 
 to Cape May, running on alternate days, thereby 
 having a boat daily, except Sunday. The Ohio 
 and Telegraph now run to the Capes. 
 
 The steamboat Salem is prepared for any 
 description of towing, either on the Schuylkill 
 or the Delaware. 
 
 The steamboat Philadelphia, and the little 
 iron steamer, are towing canal barges on the 
 Delaware, and up the Schuylkill. 
 
 The steamboat Bolivar, after being repaired, 
 will take her place on the Wilmington line. 
 
 All the ferry rates to Camden, New Jersey, 
 have been reduced. Passengers now pay but 
 
118 STEAMBOATS. 
 
 two cents, and carriages six and a quarter — 
 except South street ferry to Kaighn's Point, 
 where they charge the regular fare. A boat 
 runs daily to Gloucester and Greenwich Points. 
 Fare, six and a quarter cents. 
 
ROUTES PROM PHILADELPHIA. 119 
 
 ROUTES FROM PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 
 To Pittsburg. 
 
 
 
 'Fair Mount, 
 
 1 
 
 
 Viaduct over the Schuylkil], 
 
 2 3 
 
 
 Buck Tavern, 
 
 8 11 
 
 
 Spread Eagle, 
 
 5 16 
 
 
 Poali, 
 
 5 21 
 
 
 Warren 
 
 1 22 
 
 _: 
 
 Valley Creek, 
 
 7 29 
 
 1 
 
 Dovvningtown, 
 
 3 32 
 
 
 Coatesville, . 
 
 8 40 
 
 "S 
 
 Gap Tavern, 
 
 11 51 
 
 « 
 
 Mine Ridge, 
 
 1 52 
 
 
 Mill Creek, . 
 
 5 57 
 
 
 Soudersburg, 
 
 3 60 
 
 
 Lancaster, . 
 
 9 69 
 
 
 Mt. Pleasant, 
 
 8 77 
 
 
 ^Columbia, 
 
 5 82 
 
 York, by rail-road, 
 
 11 93 
 
 
 'Abbotstown, 
 
 15 108 
 
 
 Gettysburg, 
 
 14 122 
 
 
 Chambersburg, 
 
 25 147 
 
 . 
 
 M'Connelstovvn, 
 
 19 166 
 
 §0 
 
 , Bedford, 
 
 31 197 
 
 Shellsburg, . 
 
 9 206 
 
 
 Stoystow^n, . 
 
 19 225 
 
 
 Laughlinlown, 
 
 16 241 
 
 
 Greensburg, 
 
 23 264 
 
 
 .Pittsburg. . 
 
 32 296 
 
120 
 
 ROUTES, 4CC. 
 
 To Pittsburg, via Harrisburg. 
 
 C Lancaster, 
 
 Mountjoy, 
 I Middletown, 
 j Harrisburg 
 ^ Carlisle, 
 
 Stough's T. . 
 
 Shippensburg, 
 l^Chambersburg, 
 
 Pittsburg, as above, by stage. 
 
 69 
 
 12 81 
 51 96 
 
 9 105 
 18 123 
 
 13 136 
 7 143 
 
 U 154 
 147 301 
 
 To Pittsburg, by Pennsylvania Rail Road and 
 Canal. 
 
 Columbia, as above, . 
 
 82 
 
 
 ^Marietta, . 
 
 3 85 
 
 
 Bainbridge, 
 
 6 91 
 
 
 Falmouth, 
 
 4 95 
 
 
 Middletown, . 
 
 4 99 
 
 
 Highspire, 
 
 3 102 
 
 
 Harrisburg, 
 
 6 108 
 
 
 Blue Mt. Gap, . 
 
 5 113 
 
 
 Port Dauphin, . 
 
 3 116 
 
 
 Duncan's Isl., . 
 
 9 125 
 
 
 Nevi'port, 
 
 . 10 135 
 
 '3 
 
 Thompsontovs^n, 
 
 11 146 
 
 § "^ 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 7 153 
 
 O 
 
 Mifflintown, . 
 
 4 157 
 
 
 Lewistown, 
 
 . 14 171 
 
 
 Waynesburg, . 
 
 14 185 
 
 
 Aughwick Falls, 
 
 . 12 197 
 
 
 Huntingdon, . 
 
 17 214 
 
 
 Petersburg, 
 
 7 221 
 
 
 Alexandria, 
 
 . 7 228 
 
 
 Williamsburg, . 
 
 . 12 240 
 
 
 Frankstovvn, . 
 
 . 10 250 
 
 
 . Hollidaysburg, . 
 
 3 253 
 

 ROUTES, &C 
 
 . 
 
 121 
 
 Joh 
 
 istown by R. R., . 
 'Laurel Hill, 
 
 
 37 290 
 
 7 297 
 
 
 Lock port, 
 Chesnut Hill, . 
 
 
 10 307 
 5 312 
 
 
 Blairsville, 
 
 
 8 320 
 
 i 
 
 Salzburg, 
 Warrentown, 
 
 
 16 336 
 
 12 348 
 
 Leechburg, 
 Alleghany Aqueduct, 
 Logan's Ferry, . 
 , Pittsburg, 
 
 
 10 358 
 
 3 361 
 
 . 15 376 
 
 18 394 
 
 To Erie, Pa, by Stage, via Reading. 
 
 
 'Manayunk, 
 Norristown, 
 
 
 7 
 . 9 16 
 
 ■xj 
 
 Trap, 
 Pottstovvn, 
 
 
 . 9 25 
 . 10 35 
 
 ■J5 
 
 Warrensburg, 
 Exetertown, 
 
 
 . 5 40 
 . 5 45 
 
 I 
 C 
 f 
 
 [Reading, 
 lamburg, 
 )rwigsburg, 
 'ottsville. 
 
 
 . 7 52 
 . 15 67 
 . 11 78 
 
 . 8 86 
 
 Sunbury, 
 New Berlin, 
 
 
 . 36 122 
 . 11 133 
 
 Milheim, 
 
 
 . 25 158 
 
 Bellefbnte, 
 
 
 . 21 179 
 
 Phillipsburg-, 
 Curwinville, 
 
 
 , 27 206 
 . 19 225 
 
 Brookville, 
 
 
 . 37 262 
 
 Shippensville, 
 Franklin, 
 
 
 . 27 289 
 . 18 307 
 
 Meadville, 
 
 
 . 25 332 
 
 Waterford, 
 
 
 . 23 355 
 
 I 
 
 >ie, 
 
 
 
 . 16 370 
 
122 ROUTE&, &C. 
 
 
 To Pottsville by Schuylkill Canal. 
 
 Manayunk, 
 
 7 
 
 Flat Rock, 
 
 
 1 8 
 
 Spring Mills, 
 
 
 3 11 
 
 Norristown, 
 
 
 5 16 
 
 Phenixville, 
 
 
 12 28 
 
 Pottstown, 
 
 
 15 43 
 
 Unionville, 
 
 
 3 46 
 
 Birdsboro, 
 
 
 6 52 
 
 Reading, 
 
 
 12 64 
 
 Hamburg, 
 
 
 23 87 
 
 Port Clinton, 
 
 
 4 91 
 
 Tunnel, 
 
 
 7 98 
 
 Schuylkill Haven, . 
 
 
 3 101 
 
 Mount Carbon, 
 
 
 4 105 
 
 Pottsville, 
 
 
 1 106 
 
 Port Carbon, 
 
 
 2 108 
 
 To Bethlehem, Pa. by Stag 
 
 '6. 
 
 Sunville, 
 
 
 3 
 
 Germantown, 
 
 
 . 3 6 
 
 Flowertown, 
 
 
 . 5 11 
 
 Spring, 
 
 
 6 17 
 
 Montgomery, 
 
 
 4 21 
 
 Lexington, 
 
 
 4 25 
 
 Sellersville, , 
 
 
 . 7 32 
 
 Quakertown, 
 
 
 5 37 
 
 Fryburg, i 
 
 
 6 43 
 
 Bethlehem, 
 
 8 51 
 
 To Easton, by Stage. 
 
 
 Shoemakertovi^n, 
 
 9 
 
 Jenkintown, 
 
 • 
 
 1 10 
 

 KOUTES, &C. 
 
 12a 
 
 Abington, , 
 
 
 1 11 
 
 Willowgrove, 
 
 
 2 13 
 
 Newville, 
 
 
 7 20 
 
 Doylestown, 
 
 
 4 24 
 
 Ottsville, 
 
 
 . 15 39 
 
 Easton, 
 
 
 . 17 56 
 
 To New York by Steam-boat and Rail-road. 
 
 Bordentown by S. Boat, 
 
 30 
 
 Hightstovvn, by R. Road, . . 13 43 
 
 Spotswood, ... . 13 56 
 
 South Amboy, ... . 9 64 
 
 Perth Amboy, by S. Boat, . . 2 66 
 
 JSewYork, ... . 25 91 
 
 To New York by Rail-road, via Trenton. 
 
 Frankford, .... 5 
 
 Bristol, 15 20 
 
 Trenton, 10 30 
 
 New Brunswick, . . . . 27 57 
 
 Newark, . . . . 20 77 
 
 New York, .... 10 87 
 
 To Baltimore by Steam-boat and Rail-road. 
 
 . 
 
 p Fort Mifflin, ... 8 
 
 ■4^ 
 
 Lazaretto, 
 
 5 13 
 
 -? 
 
 Chester, 
 
 5 18 
 
 |- 
 
 Marcus Hook, 
 
 4 22 
 
 1 
 
 Christiana Creek, 
 
 8 30 
 
 CO 
 
 New Castle, 
 
 5 35 
 
 Frenchtown, by R. Road, 
 
 16 51 
 
 Bal 
 
 timore, by S. Boat, 
 
 69 120 
 
124 
 
 ROUTES, &;c. 
 
 To Baltimore by Rail-road. 
 
 Wilmington R. Road, 
 
 1 
 
 Gray's Ferry viadact, 
 Chester, 
 
 4 5 
 
 9 14 
 
 Marcus Hook Road, 
 
 4 18 
 
 Wilmington, 
 
 9 27 
 
 Newport, 
 
 4 31 
 
 Newark Road, 
 
 8 39 
 
 Elkton, 
 
 6 45 
 
 Northeast, 
 
 6 51 
 
 Charleston, 
 
 3 54 
 
 Havre De Grace, 
 
 6 60 
 
 Bush River, 
 
 12 72 
 
 Gunpowder R. 
 Back River, 
 
 7 79 
 11 90 
 
 Depot, 
 Baltimore P. 0. 
 
 4 94 
 1 95 
 
 To Cape May by Steam-boat. 
 
 Delaware City, 
 
 41 
 
 Reedy Island, 
 Alia ways Creek, 
 Bombay Hook, 
 Egg- Island, 
 
 5 46 
 
 5 51 
 
 12 63 
 
 17 80 
 
 Light House, May, 
 Cape Island, 
 
 20 100 
 2 102 
 
 To Cape May by Stage 
 
 Woodbury, 
 Jonesboro, 
 Malaga, 
 Millville, 
 Port Elizabeth, 
 
 9 
 
 10 19 
 
 10 29 
 
 13 42 
 
 6 48 
 
ROUTES, &C. 
 
 125 
 
 Dennis Creek, 
 
 14 62 
 
 Goshen, . ... 
 
 4 66 
 
 Cape May, C. H. ... 
 
 4 70 
 
 Cold Spring, , ... 
 
 9 79 
 
 Cape Island, . ... 
 
 2 81 
 
 To TucJcerton, N. Jersey, by Stage. 
 
 Pensauken Creek, 
 
 9 
 
 Hampton F. . . . 
 
 17 26 
 
 Washington, 
 
 9 35 
 
 Tuckerton, 
 
 14 49 
 
 To Long Branch. 
 
 
 Bordentown, by S. Boat, . 
 
 30 
 
 Allentown, by Stage, 
 
 7 37 
 
 Monmouth, " 
 
 18 55 
 
 Eaton, 
 
 10 €5 
 
 Long Branch, " 
 
 4 69 
 
ENVIRONS 
 
 OF 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 The most remarkable places, only, in the vicinity 
 of Philadelphia, are noticed in the following pages, 
 as a description of every insignificant point would 
 far exceed the limits of this work. To most of the 
 towns and villages in the environs, there are regu- 
 lar conveyances either by railroad, steamboat, or 
 stage. For places to which thee is no such con- 
 veyance, the best plan is to take a hack, which can 
 bo readily procured in any of the business parts of 
 the city or Camden. 
 
 TOWNS, &C., SITUATED NORTH OF THE 
 CITY. 
 
 Richmond. — This is a new town, on the bank 
 of the Delaware, at the eastern terminus of the 
 Reading railroad, distant three miles from the 
 city. It is eligibly situated for trade, and will 
 no doubt become an important place, when the 
 railroad, now in progress, shall be completed. 
 
 This road will open a direct communication 
 with the anthracite coal region, whence large 
 quantities of coal will descend and be deposited 
 in Richmond. These, with other local advanta- 
 ges, will serve to enlarge the place, and give it a 
 commercial character. Its present population 
 is about three hundred. A steam ferry-boat 
 plies between Richmond and Cooper's point, 
 on the opposite bank of the Delaware. 
 
 Bridesburg. — A new and beautiful village 
 about five miles from the city. Its situation at 
 Point-no-point, on the bank of the Delaware, is 
 
ENVIRONS. 127 
 
 well chosen, being elevated some twenty or 
 thirty feet above the stream, whose banks here 
 consist of a green svi'ard, which, with the white 
 houses, gives to the place an air of neatness 
 that is peculiarly attractive. Some of the build- 
 ings are occupied, during the summer months, 
 as country seats by citizens of Philadelphia, and 
 others by persons who have retired from busi- 
 ness. There are in and about the village some 
 thirty or forty dwellings, a public house, 
 stores, &,c. 
 
 Frankford.—A town of Oxford township, 
 Philadelphia county, 5 miles from the city, con- 
 taining about 320 dwellings, and nearly two 
 thousand inhabitants, with the usual comple- 
 ment of stores, shops, taverns, factories, mills, 
 &c. &c., forming altogether one of the most 
 thriving and busy places in the state. The 
 surrounding country is exceedingly fertile and 
 well cultivated, and is much resorted to by the 
 citizens of Philadelphia during the summer 
 months. 
 
 Hohnesbiirg.—A village on the Pennepack 
 creek about ten miles from the city, containing 
 twenty or thirty houses, an inn, an extensive 
 cotton factory, grist mill, &c. 
 
 Byberry. — About one mile beyond Holmes- 
 burg, is a small assemblage of buildings in- 
 cluding an Episcopal church. It is the centre 
 of a populous township of the same name, and 
 was once the site of an Indian village, many of 
 whose warlike weapons and implements, such 
 as arrow heads, knives, &c. having been found 
 imbedded in the earth. On the face of a rock, 
 near Byberry, is a distinct representation of a 
 
128 ENVIRONS. 
 
 man's foot, which, according to the prevailing 
 tradition, was impressed upon the material 
 when in a fluid state ! 
 
 It is, no doubt, the work of an Indian artist, 
 who in thus amusing- himself, never dreamt of 
 the toil and trouble he was preparing for the 
 savant of the present day. 
 
 Andalusia. — A small settlement with a post 
 office, in Bucks county, eleven miles north- 
 east of Philadelphia. The place has become 
 familiar to the public, as the scene of a most 
 shocking tragedy, in wliich the ill-fated Chap- 
 man, a teacher, was murdered by the seducer 
 of his wife, who, it is supposed, participated in 
 the unnatural crime. 
 
 DunkvUle. — A small hamlet of ten or twelve 
 houses, about two miles beyond Andalusia, and 
 one from Dunk's ferry, across the Delaware. 
 
 BusUeton. — An active little town, as its name 
 imports, situated on a branch of the Pennypack, 
 about twelve miles from the city. It contains 
 about three hundred inhabitants, a Baptist and 
 one or two other places of worship, with stores, 
 taverns, &c. 
 
 Smithfield or Somerton. — A village fifteen 
 miles from Philadelphia, with a population of 
 three hundred or three hundred and fifty. 
 Though its position is elevated and pleasant, it 
 improves but slowly. With the exception of 
 some mechanical operations, the village presents 
 no indications of business or trade. 
 
 Fox Chase. — A small settlement, consisting 
 of twenty or twenty-five buildings, which has 
 grown up in the vicinity of an inn, so called. 
 
ENVIRONS. 129 
 
 It is four miles from Frankford, and two and a 
 half Irotu Bustleton. 
 
 Huntingdon. — Four miles boyond the Fox 
 Chase, is a small hamlet containing some ten 
 or fifteen dwellings. 
 
 Sunville. — A thriving village, situated at the 
 junction of the VVillovvgrove and Germantown 
 roads. It derives its name, like many other 
 American towns, from the sign of its principal 
 tavern, which resembles a huge pancake, rather 
 than a " Rising Sun," which terms are legibly- 
 written underneath thisnon-descript exhibition. 
 The village contains about seventy buildings, 
 including stores and taverns, most of which 
 have " Rising Suns," swinging between their 
 sign-posts. 
 
 Branclitown. — A small hamlet of ten or 
 twelve houses, situated on the Old York Road, 
 about one mile south of 
 
 Milestown. — A pleasant little village, about 
 seven miles from the city, with a population of 
 about two hundred. 
 
 Shoemakertown. — A village of Montgomery 
 county, nine miles from Philadelphia, contain- 
 ing several fine houses, stores, grist-mill, &c, 
 
 JenJcintown. — This pleasant village may be 
 regarded as a part of the preceding, being situ- 
 ated only a mile to the north. It is, however, 
 far superior in point of population and position, 
 to Shoemakertown. It contains about three 
 hundred inhabitants, chiefly Friends, who have 
 a meeting house near the village. 
 
130 ENVIRONS. 
 
 Ahinglon or Moor es town, in Montgomery 
 county, consists of twelve or fifteen dwellings, 
 two stores, a Presbyterian church, and a board- 
 ing school for boys. 
 
 Willowgrove. — Thirteen miles from the city, 
 is a beautiful village of Moreland township, 
 Montgomery county. It contains about twenty 
 buildings, including three stores, and three 
 taverns, situated in a rich glen at the termina- 
 tion of the Willowgrove turnpike from Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Nicetown. — A neat village on the German- 
 town road, about four miles from the city, con- 
 taining forty or fifty buildings of various sorts. 
 
 Germantown. — Six miles north-west from 
 Philadelphia. This singular town consists of 
 but one street, compactly built and extending 
 for four or five miles, in a direction from south 
 east to north-west. It contains not less than 
 eight hundred buildings of various kinds, in- 
 cluding churches, a bank, academies, factories, 
 workshops, &.c. &;c. The town was founded in 
 1684, and incorporated as a borough by Wm. 
 Penn in 1689, but in 1704, it was deprived of 
 its charter from inattention to its provisions. A 
 new charter has been recently obtained from 
 the legislature, and the town is now enjoying 
 the benefits of a regular police. A railroad and 
 numerous stages, afford a constant communica- 
 tion between Philadelphia and Germantown, 
 which may now be regarded as a mere suburb 
 of the former. 
 
 The name of Germantown is intimately con- 
 nected with our revolutionary history, one of 
 its principal events having occurred in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
ENVIRONS. 131 
 
 On the morning of October 4th, 1777, a de- 
 tachment from the American army, led by Gen- 
 eral Sullivan, directed by the commander-in- 
 chief, encountered and drove in a picket, which 
 presently gave way, and his main body soon 
 following, the engagement became general. 
 
 It continued in a confused and desultory 
 manner for some time, in the midst of a dense 
 fog, which prevailed during the day, and served 
 to embarrass the proceedings of both parties. 
 
 Failing in his attempt to cut off supplies from 
 Gen. Howe, who was then in possession of 
 Philadelphia, Gen. Washington took advantage 
 of the fog, and retired in good order, having 
 lost in the engagement about nine hundred 
 men, of whom two hundred were killed, and 
 four hundred made prisoners. The British lost 
 six hundred, killed and wounded. 
 
 Mount Airy. — Though under another name, 
 this village may be regarded as an extension of 
 Germantown, which it resembles in every re- 
 spect. It contains some thirty or forty dwell- 
 ings. 
 
 Chesnut Hill. — About nine miles from the 
 city, like that of Mount Airy, is a farther pro- 
 longation of Germantown. Its position is very 
 elevated, and commands an extensive view of 
 the surrounding country. Population about 
 five hundred. 
 
 Flourtown. — A village two miles north of 
 Chesnut Hill, containing about twenty dwell- 
 ings and Jive taverns, one for every five houses 
 in the place ! 
 
 White Marsh. — Fourteen miles from Phila- 
 
132 ENVIRONS. 
 
 delphia, a thriving little village, with several 
 mills, an Episcopal church, &c. The name of 
 White Marsh, occurs frequently in the annals 
 of the revolution. 
 
 Francisville. — One of the northern suburbs 
 of Philadelphia, about two miles from the state 
 house. It is situated on the Ridge Road, near 
 the Girard College, is rapidly improving, and 
 will ere long, unite with the buildings of Spring 
 Garden, and thus form a continuous street to 
 Girard College. There are at present in Fran- 
 cisville, about one hundred and fifty buildings, 
 some manufactories, work shops, &lc. and of 
 taverns " not a few." 
 
 Girard College. — See page 22. 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery, — See page 100. 
 
 Falls. — An active little manufacturing vil- 
 lage, about five miles from the city, also on 
 the Ridge Road. Previously to the erection 
 of Fairmount dam, the Schuylkill was here 
 broken by a ledge of rocks, which in certain 
 stages of the water, occasioned a small fall in 
 the river ; this fall has nearly disappeared since 
 the completion of the dam. Hence the anoma- 
 lous designation of the village. 
 
 Wissahickon Creek. — A stream remarkable 
 for its romantic and beautiful scenery. It 
 rises near Montgomery square, in Montgomery 
 county, and flowing into the northern angle of 
 Philadelphia county, falls into the Schuylkill 
 about 6 miles above the city. It consists of little 
 else than a regular succession of falls and cas- 
 cades, which in the aggregate cannot be less 
 than seven hundred feet in its short course of 20 
 miles. Its banks, for the most part, are elevated 
 
ENVIRONS. 133 
 
 and precipitous, covered with a dense forest, 
 and diversified by moss-covered rocks of every 
 size and shape. The banks of the Wissahickon, 
 which afford one of the most delightful rides 
 in the vicinity of Philadelphia, present a very 
 animated appearance on the first of May and 
 other holidays, when the youth of the city re- 
 pair to their shady groves and rocky glens to 
 enjoy themselves. 
 
 Manyunk. — A large manufacturing village of 
 Roxboro township, Philadelphia co., 8 miles from 
 the city. It owes its existence to the water power 
 created by the improvement of the Schuylkill, 
 which serves the double purpose of rendering the 
 stream navigable, and of supplying hydraulic 
 power to the numerous factories of the village. 
 In 1819, the present site of Manyunk, presented 
 little else than a dense forest. It now contains 
 about five hundred dwellings, twenty-five or 
 thirty mills, for the construction of which, ex- 
 tensive excavations into the adjoining hills have 
 been made, and in some instances, dwellings 
 have been erected upon the hill tops, one hun- 
 dred and fifty or two hundred feet from the bed 
 of the river. 
 
 There are two bridges across the Schuylkill, 
 one at Flat Rock, and another a short distance 
 lower down. The village is approached from 
 the Ridge Road, by a McAdamised road, about 
 a mile in length. The Schuylkill canal and 
 Norristown railroad, pass through the town, 
 which, with the busy population, and the clatter 
 of the machinery, present, altogether, a very 
 animating and interesting spectacle. 
 
 Barren Hill. — A village of Montgomery 
 county, is situated about a mile beyond the 
 
134 ENVIRONS. 
 
 Philadelphia line, on the Ridge Road. It 
 surrounds a sandstone mound, on the top 
 of which is perched a Lutheran church. The 
 village consists of thirty or forty dwelling- 
 houses, four taverns, and two or three stores. 
 
 TOWNS, &C., SITUATED WEST OV THE 
 CITY. 
 
 Fairmount Water Works. — See page 9. 
 
 Schuylkill Viaduct. — Three miles north- 
 west from the city. The Columbia railroad 
 crosses the Schuylkill by a viaduct, nine hun- 
 dred and eighty-four feet in length. It leads 
 to the foot of an inclined plane, two thousand 
 eight hundred and five feet long, with an ascent 
 of one hundred and eighty-seven feet. The 
 plane is ascended by means of a stationary en- 
 gine at the top, from which an endless rope 
 passes up and down, and conveys the cars from 
 one end of the plane to the other. In passing 
 from the city to the plane, many interesting 
 objects present themselves, and serve to render 
 the excursion highly delightful. 
 
 Buck Tavern. — A small settlement, 11 miles 
 from Philadelphia, in Delaware county, which 
 takes its name from the sign of its principal, inn. 
 
 West Philadelphia.— The settlement gene- 
 rally known by this name, is situated at the 
 western termination of the Market street bridge, 
 although the corporate limits include the vil- 
 lages of Hamilton, Greenville, Powellton and 
 a part of Mantua. Considered separately. West 
 Philadelphia contains about one hundred and 
 fifty buildings, including several extensive fur- 
 
ENVIRONS. 135 
 
 naces and other manufacturing establishments. 
 It is rapidly improving, and will ultimately 
 form an important suburb of the city. 
 
 Mantua, — A beautiful little village, situated 
 on the high ground immediately opposite Fair- 
 mount. Its high and airy position renders it a 
 desirable summer retreat, several of the houses 
 being occupied as country seats, while many 
 consist of the residences of merchants and 
 others, who transact their daily business in the 
 city. A constant communication between the 
 two places is afforded by numerous omnibuses 
 and railroad cars. 
 
 There are in Mantua not less than seventy 
 buildings, nearly all of which are neat, and 
 some very handsome structures. 
 
 Monroe. — A small hamlet, consisting of six 
 or eight houses, on the Lancaster turnpike, 
 about three miles west of the Permanent 
 bridge. 
 
 Haddington. — A village of Bleckley town- 
 ship, about four miles from Philadelphia, con- 
 taining, in addition to several factories, mills, 
 and a spacious academy, about forty dwellings. 
 
 Its inhabitants are chiefly engaged in manu- 
 facturing. 
 
 Coopertown. — A small place, about four 
 miles west of Haddington, containing ten or 
 twelve farm and other houses. 
 
 Hamilton. — A handsome village of West 
 Philadelphia, situated about one mile v;est of 
 the Market street bridge, on the road to West 
 Chester. Its plan is regular, and the streets, 
 
136 ENVIRONS. 
 
 most of which are prolong-ations of those of the 
 city, are wide and well regulated. The build- 
 ing-s, about eighty in number, generally stand 
 apart from each other, leaving garden spaces 
 between them. Taken altogether, Hamilton 
 is probably the prettiest village in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Philadelphia. The dwellings are 
 occupied principally by families who reside in 
 the city during the winter season, or merchants 
 and others, who reside here, and transact busi- 
 ness in the city. 
 
 Powellton. — A new village, situated between 
 West Philadelphia and Mantua. There are as 
 yet but few buildings here ; but the place will 
 no doubt grow with the growth of the district, 
 and eventually become a part of the city. 
 
 Blue Bell. — A noted tavern, around which 
 several houses have been erected, and now 
 form quite a village. It is about five miles 
 from the city, and contains about thirty dwell- 
 ing houses and work-shops, of various descrip- 
 tions. 
 
 Darby.—One mile beyond the preceding, is 
 a large, well built village, situated in the valley 
 of Darby creek. It contains about three hun- 
 dred inhabitants, many of whom are Friends. 
 The entire village and neighbourhood present 
 a neat and business-like appearance, and are 
 much resorted to by the citizens during the 
 summer months. 
 
 Chester. — The seat of justice of Delaware 
 county, fifteen miles from Philadelphia, situated 
 on the west bank of the Delaware, is the oldest 
 
ENVIRONS. 137 
 
 town in Pennsylvania. Long prior to the 
 grant to Wm. Penn, in 1681, there were several 
 dwellings, and a Friends' meeting-house, at 
 Upland^ the name by which it was then called. 
 In 1701, that of Chester was substituted by the 
 proprietary. 
 
 It now contains about one hundred and forty 
 houses, mostly of stone or brick, including a 
 Court-house, a prison, a bank, and other public 
 edifices. Some of the primitive buildings are 
 yet standing, which serve to indicate the early 
 settlement of the place. 
 
 Greenwich Point. — On the Delaware, three 
 miles below the city, is a favorite place of resort, 
 the ride to it being pleasant, and the road gene- 
 rally good. There is a steam ferry-boat to 
 Gloucester, and thence a good road to Camden. 
 
 TOWNS, &C., SITUATED SOUTH OP THE 
 CITY, IN NEW JERSEY. 
 
 KaigTinton.—Pi. small village of Newton 
 township, Gloucester county, and a landing for 
 the steamboat from South street, Philadelphia. 
 It has lately received important accessions in 
 the erection of several fine houses, mostly built 
 on the high ground in the rear of the old set- 
 tlement. It now contains about forty dwell- 
 ings. 
 
 Gloucester. — A small village of about twenty- 
 five houses, four miles from Camden, on the 
 Delaware, opposite Greenwich Point. 
 
138 ENVIRONS. 
 
 Johsville. — Near the bank of the Delaware, 
 in Gloucester county, ten miles from Camden, 
 contains eight or ten dwellings. 
 
 Paulshoro. — On Mantua creek, three miles 
 beyond Jobsville, containing about fifteen 
 houses, a Methodist church, &,c. 
 
 BiUingsport. — On the bank of the Delaware, 
 one mile north-west of Paulshoro, with some 
 sixty or seventy inhabitants, chiefly employed 
 in the fisheries. 
 
 Sandtown, — A small settlement on Mantua 
 creek, twelve miles south-west of Camden, con- 
 taining about twenty buildings, an Episcopal 
 church, store, and tavern. 
 
 Clarksboro. — A town of Gloucester county, 
 one mile south-west of Sandtown, contains 
 forty dwelling houses, &c., occupied mostly by 
 Friends. 
 
 Carpenter^s Landing. — This is a busy and 
 thriving town, situated on Mantua creek, about 
 twelve miles south of Camden, and is the centre 
 of an extensive lumber trade. A large portion 
 of the fire-wood consumed in the city is carried 
 to this place, and thence through Mantua creek 
 and the Delaware, to Philadelphia. Its popu- 
 lation is about two hundred and fifty. The 
 Methodists have a neat chapel here. 
 
 Barnsboro. — Nearly south of, and distant 
 two miles from the preceding, contains about 
 one hundred and twenty inhabitants. 
 
 Mount Ephraim. — Five miles south south-east 
 
ENVIRONS. 139 
 
 from Camden, with about 25 buildings, and 
 several mills. The hill in its vicinity affords 
 an extensive view of the neighbouring villages, 
 the Delaware, &lc. 
 
 Chew's Landing. — This is also a place of 
 deposit for the lumber and cord-wood from the 
 surrounding forests. It is situated on the east 
 branch of Big Timber creek, on the road 
 leading from Camden to Blackwoodtown, three 
 and a half miles from the former, and two and 
 a half from the latter. It consists of fifty 
 dwellings, three stores, four taverns, two grist- 
 mills, one Episcopal, and one Methodist church. 
 
 Blackwoodtown. — A town of some sixty or 
 seventy buildings, two and a half miles south 
 of Chew's Landing. Among the buildings, 
 are, two or three taverns, a woollen manufac- 
 tory, a Methodist, and a Presbyterian church. 
 
 Clementon. — On the east branch of the Big 
 Timber creek, fourteen miles south-east of 
 Camden. The settlement, which extends over 
 a considerable area, contains about twenty 
 dwellings, some saw and grist-mills, and a glass 
 works. 
 
 TOWNS, &;C., SITUATED EAST OF THE 
 CITY, IN NEW JERSEY. 
 
 Camden. — A city and port of entry of Glou- 
 cester county, N. J., situated on the east bank 
 of the Delaware, opposite to Philadelphia. 
 
140 ENVIRONS. 
 
 It was originally settled by Messrs. Cooper, 
 Morris, and Runyan,and incorporated in 1828, 
 with very extensive limits. 
 
 Including Cooper's Point, above, and Kaighn- 
 ton, below, Camden contains a population of 
 about two thousand six hundred. There are 
 in Camden, in addition to upwards of four hun^ 
 dred neat dwelhngs, seventy or eighty build- 
 ings occupied in the manufacture of leather, 
 saddlery, carriages, in vast numbers, carriage 
 furniture, clocks, trunks, cabinet-ware, plated- 
 ware, tin- ware, &c, — one bank, two printing, 
 offices, each of which issues a weekly news- 
 paper — several public gardens, &c. Eight or 
 ten steam ferry-boats ply constantly between 
 Philadelphia and Camden, which latter, though 
 situated in another state, may be regarded as a 
 a suburb of the former. The railroad to Bor- 
 dentown, towards the north, and that to Wood-, 
 bury, in the south, commence here. 
 
 Rowandtown. — Avery small village, of some 
 thirty or forty inhabitants, four miles south-east 
 from Camden, on the road to Haddonfield. 
 
 H(jLddonfield, — Six miles south-east from 
 Camden, is, in comparison with its neighbour- 
 ing towns, quite an important and agreeable 
 place. It contains about one hundred and 
 thirty buildings, chiefly owned and occupied 
 by Friends, who have a large meeting-house in 
 the town. Haddonfield is situated in the midst 
 of a fertile and highly productive country — a sort 
 of oasis among the surrounding sands. The 
 internal arrangement of Haddonfield partakes 
 in some degree, of those of a well ordered 
 city. 
 
ENVIRONS. 141 
 
 There are two engine companies, a public 
 library, and other like institutions, which speak 
 well for the intelligence and forethought of the 
 people. Some of the houses of this ancient 
 town were erected more than one hundred and 
 fifty years since, many of which still remain. 
 
 Cooperstown. — A small village, one mile and 
 a half north of Haddonfield, on the north bank 
 of Cooper's creek. 
 
 It contains a Friends' meeting-house, and 
 twelve or fifteen other buildings. 
 
 Eilishurg.— One mile east of Cooperstown — 
 has about a dozen dwelling-houses, work- 
 shops, &,c. 
 
 Cropwell.~~An inconsiderable village, five 
 miles east of EUisburg, containing a Friends' 
 meeting house, and about twenty dwellings. 
 
 Swain's. — A noted tavern in the eastern part 
 of Cropwell. 
 
 WaterfordviUe.—A small village of Water- 
 ford township, Gloucester county, containing 
 ten or twelve dwelling houses, a tavern, store, 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Colestown. — A village on the road from 
 Camden to Medford, nine miles from the former, 
 containing about twenty dwellings, an Episco- 
 pal church, mills, &c. 
 
 Bonne's.— A small settlement of twelve or 
 fifteen houses, formed around the Green Tree 
 tavern — distant four miles south-east of Coles- 
 town. 
 
142 ENVIRONS. 
 
 Evesham. — A village of the township of the 
 same name, situated two and a half miles north- 
 east from Bodine's. It contains a Friends' 
 meetii)g.house, about twenty or twenty-five 
 dwellings, a store, &c. 
 
 Moorestown.— Ten miles from Camden, in 
 Chester township, Burlington county, is a 
 remarkably neat village, containing about sixty 
 or seventy dwellings, a Friends' meeting-house, 
 a Methodist chapel, a boarding-school, &c. 
 
 Westfield. — On the road from Cam^len to Bur- 
 lington — 8 miles from the latter — contains 10 
 or 12 buildings, and a Friends' meeting-house. 
 
 Drawbridge. — A little village, three and a 
 half miles north-east from Westfield ; which 
 derives its name from a bridge over the Ran- 
 cocus oreek. 
 
 [A-ddendum.] 
 Fort Mifflin. — One of the principal defences 
 of the Delaware, erected during the revolution- 
 ary war. It is situated near the mouth of the 
 Schuylkill, on what was called Fort Island, and 
 nearly opposite to Red Bank, the site of old 
 Fort Mercer. Between these posts, in the 
 channel of the Delaware, two ranges of che- 
 vaux-de-frize were sunk, in 1777. These soon 
 engaged the attention of the British General 
 Howe, who, having overcome the obstructions 
 in the river, attacked the forts at Red Bank and 
 Fort Island, which, after a most spirited and 
 protracted resistance, were abandoned by the 
 garrison, on the approach of Cornwallis, in 
 November, 1777. Fort Mifflin is now in a 
 dilapidated condition — and of that of Red Bank, 
 scarcely a vestige remains. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abington, 1.30 
 
 Abolition Society, 85 
 
 Academy of Natural Sciences, 26 
 
 Academy of the Fine Arts, 62 
 
 African Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Adelphi School, 86 
 
 Aims-house, 68 
 
 Albion House, 111 
 
 American Insurance Co.^ 46 
 
 American Insurance Co., 47 
 
 American Philosophical Society, 25 
 
 American Sunday School Union, 82 
 
 Aimwell School Society, 85 
 
 American Beneficial Society, 86 
 
 American Friendly Institution, 86 
 
 Apprentices' Library, 32 
 
 Arch Street House, 111 
 
 Association of the Friends of Ireland, 87 
 
 Arcade, 35 
 
 Artists' Fund Hall, 63 
 
 Artists and Amateurs Association, 64 
 
 Associate Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Atheneum, 27 
 
 Asylum for Lost Children, 75 
 
 Athenian Institute, 29 
 
 Athenian Buildings, 106i 
 
 Assembly Buildings, 106 
 
144 INDEX. 
 
 Atlantic Insurance Company, 46 
 
 Andalusia, 128 
 
 Baltimore Railroad, 113 
 
 Baltimore Steamboats, 116 
 
 Baptist Tract Society, 83 
 
 Bank of North; America, 37 
 
 Bank of Pennsylvania, 38 
 
 Bank, Philadelphia, 38 
 
 Bank, Farmers & Mechanics, 39 
 
 Bank of the Northern Liberties, 39 
 
 Bank, Mechanics, 39 
 
 Bank, Commercial, 40 
 
 Bank, Schuylkill, 40 
 
 Bank, Southwark, 41 
 
 Bank, Kensington, 41 
 
 Bank United States, 41 
 
 Bank, Girard, 44 
 
 Bank of Penn Township, 44 
 
 Bank, Manufacturers\ 45 
 
 Bank, Moyamensing, 45 
 
 Bank, Western, 45 
 
 Barnsboro, 138 
 
 Barren Hill, 133 
 
 Bath House, Swaim's, 109 
 
 Bath House, Fromberger's Court, 109 
 
 Bath House, Harmer's 109 
 
 Bar tram's Garden, 67 
 
 Beck's Shot Tower, 107 
 
 Bethel Church, 57 
 
 Billingsport, 138 
 
 Black Bear Tavern, HI 
 
 Black woodtown, 139 
 
 Bleakly Fund, 85 
 
 Blind, Institution for the, 76 
 
INDEX. 145 
 
 Blue Bell, 
 
 136 
 
 Board of Education, 
 
 83 
 
 Board of Missions, 
 
 83 
 
 Bodine's, 
 
 141 
 
 Branchtown, 
 
 129 
 
 Bricklayers' Hall, 
 
 107 
 
 Bricklayers' Society, 
 
 86 
 
 Broad Street House, 
 
 111 
 
 Buist's Garden, 
 
 67 
 
 Bordentown Steamboats, 
 
 115 
 
 Bull's Head Tavern, 
 
 111 
 
 Burlington Steamboats, 
 
 115 
 
 Bridesburg-, 
 
 126 
 
 Buck Tavern, 
 
 134 
 
 Bustleton, 
 
 128 
 
 Byberry, 
 
 C. 
 Camden, 
 
 127 
 
 139 
 
 Camden and Amboy Railroad, 
 
 112 
 
 Caledonian Society, 
 
 87 
 
 Cape May Steamboats, 
 
 117 
 
 Carpenters' Hall, 
 
 107 
 
 Carpenter's Landing, 
 
 138 
 
 Carter and Petty Fund, 
 
 86 
 
 Central High School, 
 
 98 
 
 Central Baptist Church, 
 
 54 
 
 Central Presbyterian Church, 
 
 54 
 
 Central Presbyterian Church, 
 
 54 
 
 Chew's Landing, 
 
 139 
 
 Chinese Collection, 
 
 61 
 
 Charity School Society, 
 
 84 
 
 Chesnut Hill, 
 
 131 
 
 Chester, 
 
 136 
 
 Christ Church, 
 
 48 
 
 Christ Church Hospital, 
 
 82 
 
 Church of the Ascension* 
 
 50 
 
 Clarksori Hall, 
 
 83 
 
146 INDEX. 
 
 Clarksboro, 138 
 
 Clementon, 139 
 
 Church of the Evangelists, 50 
 
 City Hospital, 80 
 
 City Hotel, 111 
 
 City Tobacco Warehouse, 109 
 
 College of Physicians, 31 
 
 Colestown, 141 
 
 Columbian Society, 86 
 
 Commercial Hotel, 111 
 
 Congress Hall, 111 
 
 Cooperstown, 141 
 
 Coopertown, 135 
 
 County Insurance Company, 47 
 
 County Prison, 94 
 
 Croghan Beneficial Society, 87 
 
 Cropvvell, 141 
 
 Custom House, 33 
 
 D. 
 
 Darby, 136 
 
 Deaf and Dumb Institution, 75 
 
 Debtors' Prison, 94 
 
 Delaware County Insurance Company, 47 
 
 Delaware Insurance Company, 46 
 
 Diorama, 65 
 
 Drawbridge, 142 
 
 Dunkville, 128 
 
 E. 
 
 Eastburn Church, 57 
 
 East Kensington Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Ebenezer Church, 55 
 
 Education, Board of, 83 
 
 Education Society, 84 
 
 Eighth Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Eleventh Baptist Church, 55 
 
 Eleventh Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Ellisburg, 141 
 
INDEX. 147 
 
 Eighth Street Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Environs of Philadelphia, 126 
 
 Epiphany Church, 50 
 
 Episcopal Society, 84 
 
 Episcopal Tract Society, 84 
 
 Evangelical Church, 56 
 
 Evangelical Society, 84 
 
 Evesham, 142 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairmount Bridge, 9 
 
 Fairmount Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Fairmount Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Fairmount Water Works, 9 
 
 Falls, . 132 
 
 Female Missionary Society, .84 
 
 Female Missionary Society, 84 
 
 Female Society, 85 
 
 Fifth Street Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Fifth Baptist Church, 54 
 
 First Baptist Church, 54 
 
 First Congregational Church, 56 
 
 Fifth Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 First Dutch Reformed Church, 54 
 
 First German Reformed Church, 56 
 
 First Universalist Church, 57 
 
 Fire Association, 47 
 
 Fort Mifflin, 142 
 
 Fourth Dutch Reformed Church, 54 
 
 Fourth Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Flourtown, 131 
 
 Foreign Missionary Society, 83 
 
 Foster Home, 83 
 
 Fox Chase, 128 
 
 Francisville, 132 
 
149 INDEX. 
 
 Franklin Free School, 
 
 83 
 
 Franklin Fund, 
 
 85 
 
 Franklin Institute, 
 
 26 
 
 Franklin Insurance Company, 
 
 47 
 
 Franklin Square, 
 
 19 
 
 Franklin Street Presbyterian Church, 
 
 54 
 
 Frankford, 
 
 127 
 
 Friendly Society, 
 
 87 
 
 Friends' Alms House, 
 
 69 
 
 Friends' Library, 
 
 32 
 
 Friends' Meeting Houses, 
 
 55,56 
 
 Friends' Schools, 
 
 86 
 
 Friendly Society, 
 
 86 
 
 Fuel Saving Society, 
 Gas Works, City, 
 
 83 
 
 IIQ 
 
 Gas Works, Northern Liberties, 
 
 110 
 
 German Am. Society, 
 
 87 
 
 German Society Hall, 
 
 82 
 
 Germantown, 
 
 130 
 
 Germantown Railroad, 
 
 115 
 
 Girard College, 
 
 22 
 
 Girard Insurance Company, 
 
 41 
 
 Gloucester, 
 
 137 
 
 Golden Swan, 
 
 ill 
 
 Grace Church, 
 
 50 
 
 Gray's Ferry Bridge, 
 
 9 
 
 Gray's Ferry Railroad, 
 
 114 
 
 Greenwich JPoint, 
 
 H. 
 Haddington, 
 
 137 
 
 135 
 
 Haddonfield, 
 
 140 
 
 Hamilton, 
 
 135 
 
 Harmony Methodist Church, 
 
 55 
 
 Hibbert's Garden, 
 
 68 
 
 Hibernian Society, 
 
 85 
 
 Hieh School, 
 
 98 
 
INDEX. 149 
 
 Historical Society, ' 29 
 
 Holmesburg, 127 
 
 Home Missionary Society, 83 
 
 House Carpenters' Prov. Society, 86 
 
 House of Correction, 95 
 
 House of Industry, 83 
 
 House of Refuge, 95 
 
 Humane Society 85 
 
 Huntingdon, 129 
 
 I. 
 
 Independence Hall, 20 
 
 Independence Square, 17 
 
 Independent Church, 56 
 
 Independent Benevolent Society, 87 
 
 Indian Queen, 111 
 
 Infant School, . 8 
 
 Insurance Company of Penn., 46 
 
 J. 
 
 Jefferson Medical College, 22 
 
 Jenkintown, 129 
 
 Jews' Synagogues, 56 
 
 Jobstown, 138 
 
 K. 
 
 Kaighnton, 137 
 
 Keble Fund, 86 
 
 Kensington Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Kensington Savings Institution, 46 
 
 L. 
 
 Landreth's Garden, 67 
 
 Laurel Hill Cemetery, 100 
 
 Logan Square, 19 
 
 Lunatic Asylum, (Penn. Hospital,) 79 
 
 Lunatic Asylum, 81 
 
 M. 
 
 Madison House, 111 
 
 N* 
 
150 INDEX. 
 
 Magdalen Asylum, 
 
 83 
 
 Mansion House, 
 
 111 
 
 Mantua, 
 
 135 
 
 Manufacturers & Mechanics' Savings Id, 
 
 46 
 
 Manayunk, 
 
 133 
 
 Mariners' Churches, 
 
 57 
 
 Mariners' Society, 
 
 86 
 
 Marshall House, 
 
 111 
 
 Markets, 
 
 110 
 
 Masonic Hall, 
 
 104 
 
 Masonic Hull, 
 
 105 
 
 Mechanics & Tradesmen's Savings Inst. 
 
 46 
 
 McArann's Garden, 
 
 67 
 
 Medical Institute, 
 
 30 
 
 Mechanics' Beneficial Society, 
 
 86 
 
 Medical Society, 
 
 30 
 
 Mercantile Library, 
 
 28 
 
 Merchants' Exchange, 
 
 34 
 
 Merchants' Hotel, 
 
 111 
 
 Milestovvn, 
 
 129 
 
 Mint, 
 
 36 
 
 Missionary Society, St. Jamos, 
 
 83 
 
 Missionary Society, 
 
 84 
 
 Moorestown, 
 
 142 
 
 Monroe, 
 
 135 
 
 Morris House, 
 
 111 
 
 Moravian Church, 
 
 56 
 
 Mosheim Society, 
 
 84 
 
 Moyamensing Baptist Church, 
 
 55 
 
 Monument Cemetery, 
 
 102 
 
 Mount Airy, 
 
 131 
 
 Mount Ephraim, 
 
 138 
 
 Museum, 
 
 59 
 
 Musical Fund Hall, 
 
 65 
 
 Mutual Assurance Company, 
 
 N. 
 Naval Asylum, 
 
 47 
 
 74 
 
 Navy Yard, 
 
 104 
 
INDEX. 151 
 
 Nazareth Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Newcastle Steamboats, 116 
 
 New Market Baptist Church, 54 
 
 New York Railroad, 112 
 
 Nicetown, 130 
 
 Ninth Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 North American Ins. Company, 46 
 
 Northern Dispensary, 81 
 
 Northern Liberties Library, 33 
 
 Northern Liberties Ben. Society, 86 
 Northern Lib., Ken., &, Sp. G. Sav. Inst., 46 
 
 Norristown Railroad, 115 
 
 O. 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall, 105 
 
 Olive Branch Society, 87 
 
 Orphans' Asylum, 71 
 
 Orphans' Asylum, 72 
 
 Orphans' Asylum, 73 
 
 Orphans' Asylum, 73 
 
 P. 
 
 Panorama, 65 
 
 Paulsboro, 138 
 
 Parker's Garden, 67 
 
 Penitentiary, 87 
 
 Peace Society, 84 
 
 Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, 83 
 
 Pennsylvania Benefit Society, 87 
 
 Pennsylvania Hospital, 79 
 
 Pennsylvania College, 31 
 
 Pennsylvania Insurance Company, 46 
 
 Pennsylvania Insurance Company, 47 
 
 Pennsylvania Missionary Society, 83 
 
 Pennsylvania Colonization Society, 83 
 
 Penn Square, 20 
 
 Permanent Bridge, 8 
 
 Philadelphia Benevolent Society, 86 
 
 Philadelphia Bible Society, 83 
 
152 INDEX. 
 
 Philadelphia Colonization Society, 84 
 
 Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 29 
 
 Philadelphia Library, 31 
 
 Philadelphia Dispensary, 81 
 
 Philadelphia, Situation, &c., of, 5 
 
 Philadelphia, History of, 7 
 
 Philadelphia City Mission, 83 
 
 Philadelphia Hotel, 111 
 
 Philadelphia Insurance Company, 46 
 
 Philadelphia Insurance Company, 47 
 
 Philadelphia Savings Institution, 46 
 
 Philanthropic Society, 86 
 Philadelphia Contributionship Insur. Co., 47 
 
 Philadelphia Institute, 84 
 
 Philadelphia Tract Society, 83 
 
 Phoenix Insurance Company, 46 
 
 Pilots' Society, 86 
 
 Powellton, 136 
 
 Prayer Book Society, 84 
 
 Preston Retreat, 75 
 
 Provident Society, 85 
 
 Public School Society, 84 
 
 Public Schools, 99 
 
 R. 
 
 Reading Raibroad, 114 
 
 Red Lion Hotel, 111 
 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Religious Tract Society, 84 
 
 Rittenhouse Square, 20 
 
 Richmond, 126 
 
 Rising Star Beneficial Society, 87 
 
 Robinson Crusoe, 111 
 
 Ronaldson's Cemetery, 103 
 
 Routes from Philadelphia, 119 
 
 Route to Pittsburg, 119 
 
 Route to Erie, 121 
 
IIVDEX. 153 
 
 Route to Pottsville, 122 
 
 Route to Bethlehem, 122 
 
 Route to Easton, 122 
 
 Route to New- York, 123 
 Route to Baltimore, 123, 124 
 
 Route to Cape May, 124 
 
 Route to Tuckerton, 125 
 
 Route to Long Branch, 125 
 
 Rowandtown, 140 
 
 S. 
 
 Salem Church, 55 
 
 Savings Fund Society, 45 
 
 Salem Steamboats, 116 
 
 Sandtovvn, 138 
 
 Schuylkill Viaduct, 134 
 
 Scotts' Thistle Society, 87 
 
 Scott Fund, 85 
 
 Second Baptist Church, 54 
 
 Second Dutch Ref. Church, 54 
 
 Second Dutch Ref. Church, 54 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Second Universalist Church, 57 
 
 Seventh Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Seventh Baptist Church, 55 
 
 Seaman's Friend Society, 83 
 
 Seaman's Friend Society, 83 
 
 Second Street House, 111 
 
 Shoemakertown, 129 
 
 Shelter for Coloured Children, 73 
 
 Ship Masters' Society, 86 
 
 Sixth Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Smyrna Steamboats, 117 
 
 Smithfield, 128 
 
 Southwark Insurance Company, 47 
 
 South wark Library, 33 
 
154 INDEX. 
 
 Southern Loan Company, 46 
 
 Southern Dispensary, 81 
 
 Society for Amel'g the Con. of the Jews, 84 
 
 Societe Frangaise de Bienfaisance, 87 
 
 Society for the Relief of the Poor, 85 
 
 Society for Allev. the Mis. of P. Prisons, 85 
 
 Soup Societies, 85 
 
 Spring Garden Ins. Company, 47 
 
 Spring Garden Library, 33 
 
 Spruce street Baptist Church, 54 
 
 Spark's Shot Tower, 108 
 
 St. Andrew's Cliurch, 49 
 
 St. Andrew's Society, 85 
 
 St. Augustine's Church, 52 
 
 St. George's Church, 55 
 
 St. James's Church, 49 
 
 St. Paul's, Methodist Church, 55 
 
 St. Peter's Church, 49 
 
 St. Paul's Church, 50 
 
 St. Stephen's Church, 49 
 
 St. John's Church, 50 
 
 St. John's Church, 51 
 
 St. John's Church, 55 
 
 St. Thomas's Church, 50 
 
 St. Joseph's Church, 52 
 
 St. Mary's Church, 52 
 
 St. Matthew's Church, 56 
 
 St. Michael's Church, 56 
 
 St. Mary's Free School, 84 
 
 St. George's Society, 85 
 
 St. Tammany Society, 86 
 
 St. Patrick's Ben. Society, 87 
 
 State House, 20 
 
 State Arsenal, 108 
 
 Stone Cutters' Society, 86 
 
 Sunville, 129 
 
 Sully &, Earle's Gallery, 64 
 
 Swedenborgian Church, 56 
 
INDEX. 155 
 
 Swedes Church, 50 
 
 Swain's, 141 
 
 T. 
 
 Taylors' Society, 86 
 
 Temperance Society, 84 
 
 Tenth Baptist Church, 55 
 
 Tenth Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Theatre, Arch Street, 58 
 
 Theatre, Chesnut Street, 57 
 
 Theatre, Walnut Street, 58 
 
 Theatre, Summer, 59 
 
 Theatre, Washington, 59 
 
 Third Baptist Church, 54 
 
 Third Presbyterian Church, 53 
 
 Third Street Hall, 111 
 
 Thirteenth Presbyterian Church, 54 
 
 Tremont House, 111 
 
 Trenton Railroad, 112 
 
 Trenton Steamboats, 115 
 
 Trinity Church, 50 
 
 Trinity Church, 52 
 
 Twelfth Presbyterian Churchy 53 
 
 Typographical Society, 86 
 
 U. 
 
 Union Baptist Church, 55 
 
 Union Buildings, 106 
 
 Union Benevolent Association, 83 
 
 Union Beneficial Society, 86 
 
 Union Church, 50 
 
 Union Hotel, 112 
 
 Union Methodist Church, 55 
 
 Union Instruction Society, 84 
 
 Union Insurance Company, 46 
 
 Union Society,! 87 
 
 Unitarian Church, 52 
 
 United States Insurance Company, 46 
 
 United German Society, 87 
 
loo INDEX. 
 
 
 University, 
 
 21 
 
 United States Arsenal, 
 
 108 
 
 United States Beneficial Association, 
 
 87 
 
 United States Hotel, 
 
 112 
 
 W. 
 
 
 Warren Beneficial Society, 
 
 87 
 
 Washington House, 
 
 112 
 
 Washington Insurance Company, 
 
 47 
 
 Washington Square, 
 
 18 
 
 Waterfordville, 
 
 141 
 
 Welch Society, 
 
 65 
 
 Wesley Chapel, 
 
 55 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Church, 
 
 55 
 
 Western Methodist Church, 
 
 55 
 
 West Philadelphia, 
 
 134 
 
 Westfield, 
 
 142 
 
 West's Picture, 
 
 65 
 
 Western Presbyterian Church* 
 
 54 
 
 Western Hotel, 
 
 112 
 
 Western Exchange, 
 
 112 
 
 West Chester Railroad, 
 
 114 
 
 White Marsh, 
 
 131 
 
 White S^van Hotel, 
 
 112 
 
 Widows' Asylum, 
 
 70 
 
 Willovvgrove, 
 
 130 
 
 Wills's Hospital, 
 
 78 
 
 Wilmington Railroad, 
 
 11^ 
 
 Wilmington Steamboats, 
 
 116 
 
 Wissahickon Creek, 
 
 Y. 
 Young Men's Missionary Society, 
 
 132 
 
 84 
 
 Young Men's Temperance Society, 
 
 Z. 
 Zion Churcli, 
 
 84 
 
 56 
 
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