F 129 Copy 2 Price Ten Cents, CONEY ISLAND >^ AND X THE A History of the Development and Success of this Famous Seaside Resort, TOGETHER WITH A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE RECENT JEWISH CONTROVERSY. 1 NEW YORK : Copyright, 1819, by G, IV. Carleton & Co., Publishers, MADISON SQUARE. '^7505- THE United stateS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, IN THE CITY or NEW YORK, Sei, QGS, S03 BI10Ar>\^AY. ORGANIZED 1850. JAMES BUELL, . . . President. ASSETS, - - - $4,827,176.52 SURPLUS, - - - $820,000.00 £Jyery approred form of Policy issued on most favorable terms. ALL ENDOWMENT POLICIES AND APPROVED CLAIMS IIATUEINQ IN 1879 wi>> be DISCOUNTED - ^^ OS PRESENTATION. HENRY W. BALDV/IN, Snpt. Middle Department. PfFICE : Bl^XEL EUILDING, COR. ^ALL AND BrOAD StS., NEW YORK. 26 F '00 /f CONEY ISLAND AND THE JEWS. PART I. THE HISTORY OF CONEY ISLAND. Even in America, comparatively new America, everytliing has a history — and so there is such a record as the history of Coney Ishmd. It is not a very exciting record, it is true; still it has its romance and its stirring episodes, precisely as has the lowliest place and tlie humblest man on earth, did we but know exactly where to seek the episodes, and discover the romance. The Ancient History of Coney Island. Two hundred and seventy years ago a party of savages, clothed in the skins of the fox, the elk, and the bear, and armed with bows and arrows, were tramping along a desolate coast. Sud- denly, as they looked seaward, they saw a boat, a stronger vessel than their own frail canoes, nearing the shore. The boat was pro- pelled by oars in the hands of white men, and soon gained the surf-Avashed strand. The white men landed, and amazed the natives greatly; their appearance, dress, and manners were so vastly diiferent from their own. The pooi", untutored savages at first were disposed to prostrate themselves, and worship the strangers as strange gods. But the new-comers were only liuman after all — very human, and very Dutch — mere Dutch sailors, be- longing to the crew of the ship " Halve Maene," which was lying off the coast. This ship was commanded by the famous seamau, [iii] 4 CONEY ISLAND AND Hendrick Hudson, and these Dutch sailors were the first white men, at least the first Europeans, who ever set foot upon Coney Island. So to Hendrick Hudson belongs the honor of being the discoverer of Manhattan Beach. The place was comparatively barren, yet there were some fruit- trees inland, and an abundance of grape-vines; while the smooth beach itself elicited words of admiration from the appreciative sailors. They had been storm-tossed for months, when, on the 3d of September, 1609, the eagle eye of Hudson sighted "three great rivers," as he called them; one of them the Hudson, the other Rockaway Inlet, and the third Raritan Bay. The ' ' Halve Maene " hove to, and the men who were sent, in a boat, ashore, rcjwrted so favorably to their captain that Hudson remained off the coast for several days, during which period a constant inter- course was maintained between the Dutchmen and the Indians. This intercourse was of a friendly and mutually profitable charac- ter, for a while ; and the white men bartered knives and beads and rum for fruit and tobacco, gaining no little profit by their " trades." But at last war broke out between the sailors and the .savages; a seaman by the name of Coleman was killed by an ar- row, and three others of the crew were seriously wounded. Peace was subsequently restored, but not confidence, and Hudson sought I a new anchorage in what is now Gravesend Bay. I Coney Island, in this early time, differed greatly from the ' Coney Island of to-day. It was more hilly than at present, and the water-line extended much further seaward. It was grassy, too, along the shore, and there were groves of cedars, which liave long since disappeared. It was populated — almost infested, too — with a species of little rabbit or coney — from which animal it has derived its name. Directly opposite Coney Island, on the mainland, is the quaint old town of Gravesend, which likewise has its history. It was settled in 1635 by Englishmen and Quakers. The English were of low origin, mostly — but among the Quakers was an Englisliwoman of higii rank and higher character — Lady Deborah Moody — who had left her country for conscience' sake, and had sought freedom of opinion in a new world. But as Horace remarked, thousands of years ago, we change the sky but not the mind. Human nature, alas, remains about the same, and there were bigots in America two hundred years ago, just as there THE JEW CONTROVERSY. 5 were bigots in Rome under Nero, and in Spain under Torquemada, and just as there is intolerance in our own day. Intolerance on Coney Island two hundred years ago. Lady Moody was prosecuted for her religious opinions by the authorities of the neighboring settlement of New Amsterdam, and the few inhabitants of Coney Island at that time took part in the hue and cry, and demanded that the lady should be publicly tried, not for any vice or immorality, for it was confessed her life was charitable and spotless, but because she had, or was said to have, her doubts about the divine ordinance of infant baptism. She was publicly arraigned, and tried— but pleaded her cause so eloquently that she was not only permitted to entertain her own opinions in peace thereafter, but succeeded in obtaining the free- dom of several others who had been "arraigned" with her, on a similar charge. Gravesend and Coney Island originally belonged by right of *' discovery" or " squatter sovereignty " to the Dutch— and for a number of years there was constant dissension between the Dutch- men and the English, who formed a large portion of the colonists. In 1655 these English openly disavowed the Dutch; and in 1660 about a hundred Englishmen rode into town one day, effected a cmip d'etat, and transferred Gravesend from Holland to Great Britain. During the War of Independence the great event in the history of Coney Island happened. Capturing a Corvette off Coney Island. An English corvette of twenty guns, bound for Halifax, an- chored late one night directly opposite what is now West Brigh- ton Beach. She was a fine-looking vessel, and her captain con- sidered her "the neatest craft afloat." So did an old American sailor called Hayer, or Huyler, who regarded her as far too fine to be allowed to remain in the hands of an enemy— so he determined to destroy her. Assisted by some twenty "chums" and sterling patriots, he approached the corvette in the darkness, and caught a glimpse of the officers of the vessel playing cards in the cabin. So unsus- 6 CONEY ISLAND AND pecting of danger were the Britishers that they failed to set a watch — consequently they were soon surprised and overpowered. The officers and men were secured in the boats, and then the cor- vette was fired, with all its treasure, of over forty thousand dol- lars. Gravesend Bay was the scene of General Howe's landing pre- vious to the Battle of Long Island, and near Gravesend is the town of New Utrecht, an old Dutch town, which also has its his- tory, which we cannot repeat here. After the Revolution Coney Island became alike loyal and dis- mal, and was abandoned to "clammers," wreckers and fishermen, visited occasionally by a few sportsmen, and, in the summer, by some city families, who were too poor to go anywhere else. Newport, Long Branch, Cape May, Atlantic City, Nahant, Nar- ragansett Pier, Rockaway — all these sea-side resorts grew famous ; but no one had a thought for Coney Island. Coney Island as it was till recently. Finally, its natural advantages as a watering place began to as- sert themselves, though feebly. Here and there some small capital- ists started a "Pavilion" or a "Restaurant," such as they were. Every now and then a few bath-houses — of the most primitive sort — would be erected. Horse-car lines from Brooklyn communi- cated with the place; and steamboats commenced to land at the old wharf at the west end — or Norton's Dock. Even a railway from Greenwood was undertaken — and ex-Mayor Gunther's road took its few hundreds every week to Tivoli, or elsewhere. But there was no " rush " to Coney Island then. How on earth could there have been? What was there to rush to Coney Island for ? And how could they have rushed there, had they wanted to? The horse-cars consumed over two hours in making the journey; the steamboats were small, slow and plebeian; the railway trains went only once an hour. It was indeed " a bore " to go to Coney Island then. And oftentimes it was a danger. An Excursion to Coney Island in 1870. A man who took a trip to Coney Island did it at his peril — as for a woman, she had better far not take the trip at all. THE JEW CONTEOVERSY. 7 The sail down the bay, of course, was charming, but the steamboat itself on which you sailed was a mere shell, liable to capsize or explode, very small, and very dirty. When you landed you saw merely an old dock — sand heaps — shells — and a barn of an inu, with a cheerless-looking dining-room, and a vilely-smelling ^'bar." The air was cool and bracing, but you were forced to stand up to enjoy it, unless you were willing to deposit your person in somt ricketty chair, hard as a miser's heart or a politician's con- science. The view was delightful, but you were half blinded by the sane, and if you wished to bathe, you had to take your chances of losing all your valuables, if not your clothes. The bath-houses were the merest shanties, not even tilling the demands of decency; and the bathing suits — pshaw — let us not allude to them, much less wear them. If you strolled along the beach you would meet the three-card- monte men, of course. Even if you were too wary for these swindlers yourself, you would be compelled to see your fellow- men imposed upon and cheated, without raising protest or suggest- ing protection. For if you came between the gamblers and their prey you would be beaten to a jelly, if not killed outright. And when you returned to the city, disgusted with your excur- sion, you would find that your troubles were only about com- mencing. The return trip of the steamboat from Coney Island was generally the occasion when the rough and the blackleg found their opportunity. Women would be insulted, children would be frightened, men would swear, and use foul language, and ulti- mately would fight like demons, defying the feeble attempts of the ofticers of the boats to preserve quiet, keeping a constant reign of terror, which rendered you grateful if you landed at the New York dock without a broken head. Such is no exaggerated picture of the trip to Coney Island in 1870. Does it not require some exercise of memory or imagination to recall such a scene as this in contrast to the peaceful and per- fect pleasures of a trip to Coney Island in 1879? Coney Island Then and Now. In sooth, the history of improvement in all its pages of wonder- 8 CONEY ISLAND AND ful achievement presents no parallel to the rapid, the almost miraculously recent development of Coney Island. Unlike Rome, it seems to have been built up in a day; like the mining cities of the Far West, it appears to have sprung up in a night. Yet its progress has been as substantial as its rise has been rapid. It has been erected " in no time," as the phrase runs, yet it bids fair to last for all time to come. Five years ago, Coney Island was a sand waste, seldom vis.ted save by those whose visits were the worst of visitations. Five years ago, Coney Island contained but two hotels, ol the meanest description, and the most limited capacity. These inns, for they were nothing more, could accommodate not over thirty people each per night, and their cuisine was of the most primitive, not to say barbarous, character. Five years ago. Coney Island held eleven "Pavilions" — so called, eight of them mere huts or shells. In all, when tested to their utmost, these pavilions could not feed two thousand mouths. Five years ago, Coney Island could count not over two hundred bath-houses, and of these, two-thirds were mere huts of pine boards. Five years ago, there was no music on the beach at Coney Island, save that furnished by the negro minstrel or the organ- grinder. Five years ago, no "ladies" ever remained on Coney Island over night. Five years ago, there was only one drive from Brooklyn to Coney Island, and that was by an unmacadamised road, wretchedly kept, with two toll-gates, where the traveller was fleeced by law. Five years ago, the eastern end of Coney Island was surrendered to the clam and to the crab. Now, Coney Island and its divisions of Manhattan and Brighton Beaches can be reached by eight steam railways, nine lines of steamboats, and one line of street cars. Now, 150,000 people can be safely and speedily transported to and from Coney Island and the metropolis daily. Now, there are three beautiful drives bisecting Coney Island, laid out and graded admirably. One of these drives, that from Prospect Park to the sea, is the duplicate, almost the rival, of the Champs Elysees; level, smooth, fifty yards in width, five miles in length, the most magnificent of roads. THE jp:w controversy. 9 Now, there are over fifty Pavilions, the majority of them ele- gant structures, and capable of accommodating, with comfort, twenty thousand people at one time. Now, there are twenty-one hotels at Coney Island, six of them equal to the average seaside hotel, and two of them among the largest hotel structures in the world. At any of these establish- ments the same delicacies can be obtained as at a cori-esponding New York hotel or restaurant. Now, over two thousand ladies and gentleman can be comfort- ably lodged at Coney Island, day or night, and many of our best families have "taken rooms" for the summer at Manhattan or at Brighton Beach. Now, there are over four thousand bath-houses, most of them well and securely built, on Coney Island, and the bathing ar- rangements for the multitude are excellent. Now, there is music on the beach at Coney Island — music furnished by some of the finest bands, under the most famous leaders, in the world; w^hile several of our most accomplished artistes do not hesitate to charm the fashionable crowd with their sweetest notes. Now, there is every possible species of side show and miscella- neous attraction at Coney Island — balloons — open-air performance — everything that can attract. Now, the delighted world at Coney Island enjoys the novel glories of the electric light. Now, there is a mammoth iron pier, almost the peer of Brighton, at Coney Island. Now, the world and his wife, his sisters, his cousins and his aunts, go regularly to Coney Island. Marvelous indeed has been the change. And if you ask U3 ■what has wrought it, the reply is simple, yet sufficient. Coney Island has been re-discovered — discovered for the second time. The Second Discovery of Coney Island. Discovered by men of brains and capital, discovered by men who have been able at once and effectually to develope the full resources of the place they have discovered. These two new discoverers were Americans — practical New Yorkers, and business men — Austin Corbin, and Andrew R. Culver. 10 CONEY ISLAND AND To these two men, more than to any and all others, the Coney Island of to-day owes what it is. Each had his separate share in the work of discovery and development. Austin Corbin dis- covered Manhattan Beach, and Andrew R. Culver developed West Brighton Beach. The discovery of Manhattan Beach was after this wise. Mr. Corbin had an invalid child whose physical ailments caused the liveliest anxiety in the breast of the devoted parent. Medical aid was of course consulted and the physician recommended, as usual, sea- air. Now, Mr. Corbin did not wish to be separated from his family, 80, as his business required his daily presence in the city, he de- termined to locate himself on that terra incognita. Coney Island. There were no accommodations worthy of the name — but such as they were Mr. Corbin made the most of them — engaging the best rooms at the only "family hotel" at the place, and bringing down with him his carriages and horses. Spite of the poor rooms, and poorer fare, the banker's child rapidly recovered, and the banker became impressed with tiie fact that Coney Island possessed all the requisites of a watering place — needing, to be appreciated and patronized, only to he hnown. Investigating the matter more closely Mr. Corbin discovered that in some respects the eastern end of Coney Island possessed decided advantages over the west end — a finer beach, for example, a beach washed on both sides by the sea — a beach which afforded still water as well as surf-bathing — in addition to a chance at the delightful sports of boating and fishing. Experimenting still more carefully, Mr. Corbin made the great discovery that what is called "the undertow," that dangerous, out-to-sea current which forms the hete noir of most sea-side re- sorts, is absent at the eastern end of Coney Island. The reason is plain. The ocean currents and the currents through the Narrows meet here, and by their mutual opposition bring the water, as it were, to a comparative stand-still. With such advantages, such air, such a beach, such facilities and such safety, it required only ordinary shrewdness and extra- ordinary enterprise to develop the eastern end of Coney Island into a first-class watering place. Mr. Corbin was the man for the situation. Whatever mistakes may be laid at his door, he is at least to be credited with business THE JEW CONIT.OVERSY. 11 tact and business pluck; and will pass into local history as the Watts, the Fulton, the Morse of Coney Island. He communicated his discoveries and plans to a few friends and fellow-capitalists; the New York and Manhattan Beach Com- pany was incorporated ; the necessary land was leased or bought, and Manhattan Beach was the result. New lines of travel were inaugurated. A monster hotel was erected. Attractions of all kinds were added. Money was ex- pended alike liberally and judiciously. And at last New York woke one morning and went to Coney Island, and has been going there ever since. What Mr. Corbin has been to Manhattan Beach, Mr. Andrew R. Culver, now President of the Prospect Park and Coney Island R. R., has been to West Brighton. This gentleman conceived the idea that a wide-guage, double-track railway to Coney Island would pay; and, spite of jeers, he, almost unaided, built and equipped the road which now connects Twentieth Street, Brook- lyn, with West Brighton Beach. The railroad paid in traffic from the start. Mr. Culver then erected a pavilion, and hired a band of music. The pavilion and the music have since proved permanent institutions. New hotels have been erected, and West Brighton Beach to-day is a success. Having thus traced the history of Coney Island, let us proceed to describe it. Coney Island in Detail. Coney Island extends from east to west, and is five miles in length, at an average width of not over half a mile. It is about eleven miles directly south of the city of New York. Its western end forms Gravesend Bay. The eastern end has more than two miles sea front, and is styled Manhattan Beach. It is divided into fi:)ur parts, or subdivisions, each part having Its own name and place in popular estimation. These four parts are known as Norton's, or Coney Island, West Brighton Beach, Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach. Starting from the west end, or Norton's Dock, the original Coney Island, following the line of coast, you come across the Point Comfort House, Half-way House, the Windsor, the Bay View, the Occidental, the West End, O'Connor's, and the Tivoli 12 CONEY ISLAl