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HARVARD 
 
 EXAMINATION PAPERS 
 
 COLLECTED AND ARRANGED 
 
 R. FT LEIGHTON, A.M., 
 
 MASTER MELBOSE HIGH SCHOOL. 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION. 
 
 BOSTON: 
 GINN AND HEATH. 
 
 1879. 
 
vl: 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, 
 
 BY R. F. I tilGHTON, 
 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 Exchange 
 
 Univ. of Mich. 
 
 AUG 8 ~ 1933 
 
 University Press: John Wilson & Son, 
 Cambridge. 
 
PEEFAOE. 
 
 The following questions make a complete set of the 
 Examination Papers (except on the subject of Geometry) 
 which have been used for admission to Harvard College 
 since 1860. No papers on Geometry are given previous 
 to 1866, as the requisites for admission to that department 
 were changed in that year. The papers on Trigonometry 
 previous to 1871 are for examination for advanced stand- 
 ing ; since then, for admission to Course II. 
 
 These papers will furnish an excellent series of ques- 
 tions on Modern, Physical, and Ancient Geography ; Gre- 
 cian and Eoman History ; Arithmetic and Algebra ; Plane 
 and Solid Geometry ; Logarithms and Trigonometry ; Latin 
 and Greek Grammar and Composition ; Physics and Me- 
 chanics. They have been collected and published in this 
 form for the convenience of teachers and classes in high 
 schools, and especially for pupils preparing for college. 
 
 The papers for admission used hereafter, at the annual 
 examinations in June and September, will be added every 
 year to this volume. 
 
 Melrose, Mass., March, 1873. 
 
NOTE. 
 
 In the Harvard University Catalogue, published by C. W. 
 Sever, Cambridge, a full collection of examination papers may 
 be found, comprising not only the papers set for Admission to 
 College, but also nearly all the final examination papers given 
 in the several Courses of Instruction in the College, the papers 
 given in the Divinity, Law, and Medical Schools, those set for 
 Admission to the Lawrence Scientific School, and those used at 
 the Preliminary Examinations for "Women. These make about 
 160 pages of close type each year. The price of the Catalogue 
 is, in paper 50 cts., in cloth 75 cts. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 hlstoey and geography ........ 3 
 
 Modern and Physical Geography. 22, 196, 216, 251, 258, 282, 308 
 Greek Composition . . . .27, 197, 219, 246, 259, 283 
 
 Greek Grammar . . . .40, 199, 219, 245, 260, 284, 311 
 
 Greek Prose 197, 220, 247, 261, 285, 312 
 
 Greek Poetry 198, 222, 263, 287, 315 
 
 Latin Composition ... 63, 201, 223, 238, 265, 289, 317 
 
 Latin Grammar .... 85, 202, 224, 237, 265, 289, 318 
 Latin ........ 203-207, 225, 228, 239 
 
 French 109, 252, 279, 303, 329 
 
 German 304, 330 
 
 Arithmetic Ill, 208, 229, 248, 272, 297, 323 
 
 Algebra 134, 209, 230, 249, 273, 298, 324 
 
 Advanced Algebra 157, 210, 256, 274, 299, 325 
 
 Plane Geometry . . . 162, 211, 214, 232, 250, 274, 300, 326 
 Solid Geometry .... 172, 212, 232, 255, 275, 300, 326 
 Analytic Geometry . . . 176, 213, 233, 254, 276, 301, 327 
 Logarithms and Trigonometry .... 178, 208, 229, 302 
 
 Physics 188, 307, 331, 332 
 
 Chemistry and Physics 306, 331 
 
 Physics and Astronomy 307, 332 
 
 Mechanics 190 
 
 Ancient History and Geography . . 195, 216, 257, 281, 308 
 
 English Composition 215, 235, 278, 302, 329 
 
 Plane Trigonometry 234, 253, 277, 328 
 
 Botany 279, 307, 332 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Requisites for Admission to Harvard College . . 397 
 

 EXAMINATION PAPEBS. 
 
 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 1. Mention the principal nations that flourished before 
 the Greeks. 2. What was the extent of Greece as com- 
 pared with the territories of those nations ? 3. What were 
 the earliest governments among the Greeks ? Mention the 
 other forms of government which were afterwards adopted. 
 
 4. Mention the principal periods in Grecian history. 
 
 5. Give some account of Lycurgus; of Solon. 6. Men- 
 tion the principal events in the Persian wars ; mention 
 some of the most distinguished persons engaged in them. 
 7. What causes led to the Peloponnesian War ? Mention 
 the principal events ; the principal persons ; the duration ; 
 the result of this war. 8. State what you know of the 
 condition of Greece in the period following the Pelopon- 
 nesian War. 9. State what you know of the history of 
 Thebes. 10. State briefly what you know of the relations 
 between Macedonia and Grecee in the time of Philip and 
 Alexander. 11. When, and by whom, was Greece sub- 
 jected to Eome ? 12. Give some account of the foundation 
 of Eome, and its first form of government. 13. What revo- 
 lution put an end to the first government ? and what gov- 
 ernment succeeded it ? 14 Mention some of the early 
 
4 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Italian conquests of the Eomans. 15. State some of the 
 principal events in the Punic wars, and what was their 
 conclusion. 16. State what you know of Catiline; at what 
 period he lived ; what political transactions he was engaged 
 in ; who were his most distinguished contemporaries ; what 
 became of him. 17. Give some account of the leaders in 
 the Civil Wars. 18. Mention the circumstances of the death 
 of Julius Caesar. 19. What events followed his death ? 
 How, and by whom, were the civil conflicts composed ? 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Name the following persons in proper historical order 
 and mention something that is recorded of each : Codrus, 
 Flaminius, Lysander, Mardonius, Marius, Pyrrhus, Eegulus, 
 Socrates, Themistocles. 2. State briefly the origin of the 
 First Punic War. 3. Give some account of Pericles, and 
 what he did for Athens. 4. What famous battles were 
 fought in Bceotia ? 5. Give some account of Hannibal. 
 6. Who was Cleopatra ? 7. Describe the battle of Pharsa- 
 lia ? 8. Name the first six Csesars. 9. What is meant by 
 the Heroic Age ? 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Name the following persons in proper historical order, 
 mentioning to what nation each belonged, and for what he 
 was noted : Aristides, Cincinnatus, Draco, Epaminondas, 
 Fabius, Pericles, Pompey, Solon, Sylla, Trajan. 2. Name 
 the three persons whom you consider most noted in Gre- 
 cian history ; and state very briefly what each did. 3. 
 Three in Eoman history, in like manner. 4. What was 
 he occasion of the First Persian War ? 5. Describe the 
 battle of Marathon ; of Arbela. 6. Who were the kings 
 of Eome ? 7. State all you know of Jugurtha. 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 5 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Give an account of the first invasion of Greece by the 
 Persians. Tell when it occurred, what was the cause of 
 it, what forces were employed, both of ships and men, 
 what generals were engaged, and every other particular 
 you remember. 2. Describe the Second Punic War in the 
 same way. 3. Name " the twelve Caesars " in the order of 
 their reigns. 4. In what year was Julius assassinated ? 
 5. When did Constantine become emperor ? 
 
 1. What were the principal countries known to the an- 
 cients ? 2. Describe the situation of Palestine ; of Phoeni- 
 cia ; of Egypt. 3. What were the principal divisions of 
 Asia Minor ? By whom was Asia Minor colonized ? 4. De- 
 scribe the situation of Greece ; mention some of the most 
 important mountains, rivers, plains, gulfs, seas. 5. Men- 
 tion the principal divisions of Greece ; give the names and 
 situation of the most celebrated cities. 6. What countries 
 were comprised in Greece proper ? in Peloponnesus ? 
 What were the principal Greek islands ? 7. Describe the 
 situation of Italy. What countries were comprised in 
 Italy proper ? 8. Where was Kome ? on what hills was it 
 built ? Mention some of the other principal cities of Italy ; 
 the principal islands. 9. Describe the Mediterranean Sea ; 
 its shape ; its extent. Mention the principal ancient na- 
 tions that inhabited its shores. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. Describe Sicily. 2. What were the principal cities 
 of Greece ? 3. What countries in Africa ? 4. What riv- 
 ers in Cisalpine Gaul ? 5. Where was Illyrioum ? Area- 
 
G EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 dia ? the river Thermodon ? 6. Draw, on half a page, an 
 outline map of Greece, Macedonia, Thrace, and Asia Minor, 
 especially of their sea-coasts ; or, if you cannot draw, name 
 the seas of the ancient world, and all the islands in each 
 of them. 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. Describe Egypt. 2. What were the principal cities 
 of Asia Minor, and for what was each noted ? 3. What 
 mountains in and around Thessaly ? What in Peloponne- 
 sus ? 4 Where was Colchis ? Mount Ararat ? the river 
 Strymon ? Tyre ? 5. Draw an outline of the coasts of the 
 Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, with the principal isl- 
 ands ; and give the ancient names of the countries and 
 rivers in the regions now occupied by Italy, Spain and 
 Portugal, France, and Great Britain. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. Where was Colchis ? 2. Name the countries of Greece 
 proper. 3. What mountains in Boeotia ? 4 What was 
 its capital ? 5. What other noted places in Boeotia ? 6. 
 Draw a map about two inches in breadth representing the 
 Peloponnesus, with the divisions and cities marked. 7. De- 
 scribe Spain. 8. What was the former name of Saragossa ? 
 
 9. What river between Italy proper and Cisalpine Gaul ? 
 
 10. What Koman roads do you remember ? 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. What mountain ranges enclose the Mississippi Val- 
 ley ? Describe the Mississippi Eiver and its tributaries, 
 giving the source and direction of each. 2. Describe 
 Chesapeake Bay and the rivers which run into it. 3. De- 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 7 
 
 scribe the Alps. Give the name, course, and exit of each 
 of the great rivers which rise in them. 4. State the 
 divisions, in the order of their situation, belonging to the 
 Peloponnesus, with the position of five principal towns. 
 5. Give the history and geography of the battle of Mara- 
 thon. 6. Who was (or were) victorious, and over whom, 
 at (1) Salamis ; (2) Plataea ; (3) Mantinea ; (4) Chaeronea ; 
 
 (5) Arbela ; (6) the Caudine Porks ; (7) Zama ; (8) Acti- 
 um ? 7. Name the principal events in the life of Julius 
 Caesar, and such dates as you can call to mind. 8. Name 
 the Twelve Caesars, so called. Also the Five Good Empe- 
 rors, sometimes so called. 9. Themistocles. 10. Describe 
 the administration and policy of Pericles. 11. Give an 
 account of the Athenian expedition to Sicily. 
 
 X. 
 
 1. Athens and Sparta ; compare and contrast them. 2. 
 The death of Socrates. 3. Give the position of the follow- 
 ing places, and tell what has made them famous : (1) Mara- 
 thon ; (2) Salamis; (3) Plataea; (4) Mantinea; (5) Arbela; 
 
 (6) Chaeronea ; (7) Pydna. 4. Who gained and who lost the 
 battles fought at the following places : (1) Cannae ? (2) Zama ? 
 (3) Pharsalia ? (4) Philippi ? (5) Actium ? 5. Greenwich 
 is in longitude 0°, and in north latitude 51 J° : what are the 
 longitude and latitude of the spot on the earth's surface 
 opposite, or antipodal, to Greenwich ? 6. Describe or bound 
 the basin of the Mississippi Eiver. 7. The institutions 
 of Lycurgus and the laws of Solon. 8. The chief ties 
 which bound together the Grecian world. 9. Epaminondas. 
 10. Give the chief rivers of France, with their ancient 
 Barnes. 
 
8 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XI 
 
 1. Give the general course of (1) the Nile ; (2) the 
 Rhine ; (3) the Danube ; (4) the Elbe ; (5) the Volga ; (6) 
 the St. Lawrence ; (7) the Susquehanna ; (8) the Amazon. 
 2. (1) What number of degrees represent the greatest pos- 
 sible latitude ? (2) The greatest possible longitude ? (3) 
 Except at the equator, which is the greater, a degree of lati- 
 tude or a degree of longitude ? (4) Give, in degrees, the 
 width of the torrid zone. (5) Which way from the north 
 pole are London and New York? (6) What island near 
 Africa is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn ? 3. Which 
 of the Mediterranean islands preserve substantially their 
 ancient names ? 4. What are the modern names of (1) 
 Lugdunum? (2) Massilia ? (3) Eboracum ? (4) Eubcea ? 
 (5) Corcyra ? (6) the Sequana ? (7) the Iberus ? (8) the Padus ? 
 5. (1) Plataea; (2) Sphacteria; (3) Syracuse; (4) JEgos- 
 potami : give the geographical situation of these places, and 
 say (in a sentence or two for each) what occurred there in the 
 Peloponnesian War. 6. Where, and over whom, did Alex- 
 ander the Great gain his greatest victories, and what were 
 the general results of his conquests ? 7. Which took place 
 first, (1) the fall of Carthage or the captivity of Jugurtha ? 
 (2) the battle of Actium or the battle of Philippi ? (3) 
 the death of Pompey or the death of Caesar ? (4) the death 
 of Antony or the death of Cicero ? (5) the fall of Corinth 
 or the fall of Jerusalem ? 8. Describe the city of Athens. 
 9. Contrast the empire, government, and policy of Athens 
 with those of Sparta, giving such instances and illustrations 
 as may occur to you. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. (1) What are the principal river basins of France ? 
 (2) Give the general course of the rivers. (3) Through 
 
HISTOEY AND GEOGRAPHY. 9 
 
 what waters must you pass in going from London to Can- 
 ton ? 2. The latitude of Boston is about 42° N. ; its longi- 
 tude is about 71° W. (1) What city in Europe has nearly 
 the same latitude ? (2) and what are the latitude and longi- 
 tude of the point opposite, or antipodal, to Boston ? 3. Point 
 out the principal divisions, rivers, and mountains of Ancient 
 Italy, by means of an outline map, or not, as you please. 
 4. Where is (1) Mount Athos ? (2) Thermopylae ? (3) Arte- 
 misium ? (4) Salamis ? (5) Plat^a ? (6) Mycale ? With the 
 geography of each place, mention some event connected 
 with the history of the place. 5. Name the important bat- 
 tles in the Second Punic War. 6. Give a particular account 
 of the legislation of Lycurgus, Solon, and Cleisthenes. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. Which way from Athens to (1) Corinth ; to (2) Mara- 
 thon ; to (3) Delos ; to (4) Thermopylse ; to (5) the Helles- 
 pont ; to (6) Crete : from Eome to (7) Carthage ; to (8) 
 Carthago Nova ; to (9) Cannse ; to (10) Neapolis ; to (11) 
 Tarentum ; to (12) Verona ; to (13) Massilia ; to (14) Lug- 
 dunum ; to (15) the Baleares ; to (16) Gades ? 2. Three 
 statesmen : (1) Themistocles ; (2) Pericles ; (3) Epaminon- 
 das. 3. The expedition of Cyrus the Younger, and the 
 retreat of the Ten Thousand. 4. The chief events in the 
 life of Julius Cresar. 5. The rivers of Virginia, — describe 
 them. 6. The principal English colonies ; name and situ- 
 ation. 7. Give a brief account of the reforms of Cleis- 
 thenes. 8. The Persian invasions, and the principal battles 
 in each, — a short sketch. 9. After these invasions the war 
 languished for several years, until it was finally closed by 
 the Peace of Cimon : what can you relate of the times of 
 that peace ? Compare the Peace of Cimon with that of 
 Antalcidas, stating the time and circumstances of the lat- 
 
10 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 ter. 10. Compare Athens and Sparta. What were the 
 causes and results of the Peloponnesian War ? 11. Give 
 some account of Philip of Macedon and of Alexander, and 
 compare the two. 12. The geographical position and con- 
 figuration of Greece. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. Give a sketch of the life of Themistocles. 2. De- 
 scribe the battle of Plataea. 3. Describe the administra- 
 tion of Pericles, and illustrate it by events. 4. Write 
 an account of the Sicilian expedition. 5. Give the geo- 
 graphical position of Byzantium, Dyrrachium, Aquileia, 
 Tarentum, Saguntum, Cannae, Massilia, Eboracum. 6. 
 What is the difference between a parallel and a meridian ? 
 How far, in degrees, is each polar circle from its pole ? 
 What is the greatest possible latitude ? longitude ? 7. The 
 basin of a river is the entire area or territory watered or 
 drained by the river and all its branches : what European 
 states lie, wholly or in part, in the basin of the Ehine, and 
 what States of our Union are, wholly or in part, in the 
 basin of the Mississippi ? 8. Name a fact in the history of 
 each of the following places, and give the situation of each : 
 Marathon, Salamis, Platsea, Mantinea, Chaeronea, Arbela, 
 Cannae, Syracuse, Zama, Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium. 9. 
 What most notable service was rendered to his country 
 by Leonidas, Thrasybulus, Marius, Demosthenes, Cicero ? 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. Where were Corinth, Thessalonica, Philippi, Ephesus, 
 
 Sardis ? 2. Four important ancient battles : two from Gre- 
 
 i*n and two from Eoman history. Name the victorious 
 
 and the vanquished party, and show the importance of the 
 
 wattles. 3. The expedition of the Younger Cyrus against 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 11 
 
 Persia, and that of Alexander. 4. The position of the Alps 
 and the Apennines ; the rivers that rise in them. 5. Any 
 four English colonies ; the chief Spanish colony ; the great 
 French dependency in Africa. To what power do the 
 Azores belong ? 6. Where are Batavia, Van Diemen's 
 Land, New Orleans, San Francisco ? What historical infer- 
 ences do you draw from their names ? 7. The statesman- 
 ship of Themis tocles. 8. The Athenian power at the 
 beginning and at the end of the Peloponnesian War. 9. 
 The Athenian and the Spartan polity, character, influence. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1. Give the latitude of the tropics and of the polar 
 circles. What makes them good boundaries for zones ? 
 Define arctic and antarctic according to their derivation. 
 2. The longitude of St. Petersburg is 30° east from Green- 
 wich : give the longitude of two places, one 120° east, and 
 the other 120° west, from St. Petersburg. 3. What is 
 meant in geography by ivatershed and hasin ? What is the 
 relation of the Po to the Alps and Apennines, and of the 
 Mississippi to the Eocky Mountains and Alleghanies ? 
 4. Point out four towns in this country named after foreign 
 towns, and give the situation of the former and of the 
 latter. 5. Candia : its situation and ancient name. Mont 
 Blanc : in what country is it ? 6. Waterloo, Sebastopol, 
 Gettysburg, Sadowa: where? 7. Saguntum, the Trebia, 
 Lake Trasimenus, Cannae, Zama : geographically and his- 
 torically. 8. The Eubicon, Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium : 
 geographically and historically. 9. The Acropolis of 
 Athens. 10. Where is Syracuse ? Give an account of the 
 failure of the Athenian expedition to Sicily. 11. What 
 revolutions took place in the government of Athens be- 
 tween 477 and 403 B. C. ? By whom were they effected ? 
 
12 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 12. The character of Cimon. 13. Give the history of 
 Platsea. 14. In what year of the Peloponnesian War was 
 the battle of Amphipolis ? What were its consequences ? 
 Who was the victor ? Where was Amphipolis ? 
 
 • XVII. 
 
 1. Themistocles, Pericles, Thrasybulus. What, in brief, 
 did these men severally do for Athens, and when ? 2. 
 Give the situation of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, 
 Sphacteria, Syracuse, ^Egos-potami, Leuctra, Arbela ; and 
 tell who won and who lost there. 3. Give the position of 
 the cities (or some of them) to which St. Paul's Epistles 
 were directly sent. 4. With what seas are the mountains of 
 Switzerland connected by rivers ? 5. Which of the United 
 States lie in the basin of the Mississippi Eiver ? 6. Name 
 and place three of the highest mountains in the world. 
 Knowing the height of a mountain in feet, with what 
 divisor will you reduce the height to miles ? 7. The sculp- 
 tor Pheidias (Phidias). 8. The first meeting of the Pelo- 
 ponnesian Confederacy at Sparta (B. C. 432) just before 
 the great war. 9. The Eoman Comitia. 10. Julius Caesar 
 in Spain. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. Bound the basin of the Po, of the Mississippi, of the 
 St. Lawrence. 2. Name the chief rivers of Ancient Gaul 
 and Modern France. Is France larger or smaller than 
 Transalpine Gaul ? What are the two principal rivers that 
 rise in the Alps ? Where is Mont Blanc ? 3. Where is the 
 source of the Danube ? of the Volga ? of the Ganges ? of the 
 Amazon ? 4. Describe the route of the Ten Thousand, or 
 lay it down on a map. 5. Leonidas, Pausanias, Lysander. 
 6. Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium : geographically and histor- 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 13 
 
 ically. 7. Supply the two names left blank in the follow- 
 ing passage from the Oration for the Manilian Law : " Non 
 dicam duas urbes potentissimas, Carlhaginem et Numan- 
 
 tiam ab eodem esse deletas ; non commemorabo 
 
 nuper ita vobis patribusque esse visum, ut in uno 
 
 spes imperii poneretur, ut idem cum Jugurtha, idem cum 
 Cimbris, idem cum Teutonis bellum administraret." Who 
 was Jugurtha? Where was Numantia? 8. Compare 
 Athens with Sparta. 9. Pericles : the man and his policy. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. From Caesar : " Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, 
 , a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit." "Aquitania a Ga- 
 rumna flumine ad Pyrenceos montes et earn partem Oceani, 
 quae est ad Hispaniam, pertinet." Translate these passages. 
 Bound Aquitania, describing geographical positions (where 
 names are in italics), and giving modern names. (You 
 may, if you choose, substitute a map for the description?) 
 2. From Csesar : " Undique loci natura Helvetii continentur ; 
 una ex parte flumine Rheno, qui agrum Helvetium a Ger- 
 manis dividit ; altera ex parte monte Jura altissimo, qui est 
 inter Sequanos et Helvetios : tertia lam Lemanno et flumine 
 Rhoclano qui Provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit." 
 Deal with this as with the preceding. 3. From Yirgil : 
 
 k(l) " Quin Decios Drusosque procul, saevumque securi 
 Adspice Torquatum, et referentem signa Camillum : " 
 (2) " Quis te, magne Cato, taciturn, aut te, Cosse, relinquat? 
 Quis Gracchi genus, aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, 
 Scvpiadas, cladem Libyaa ? " 
 'anslate and explain. 4. Cicero enumerates the wars in 
 which Pompeius had distinguished himself; among them, 
 bellum " Hispaniense" bellum " servile!' bellum " navale." 
 
14 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Explain. 5. The expedition of the younger Cyrus against 
 Persia, and that of Alexander : compare them. 6. De- 
 scribe Athens. 7. Name in proper order the chief events 
 of the Peloponnesian War, giving the geographical posi- 
 tions. 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. Where were Corinth, Thebes, Ephesus, Tarentum, 
 Massilia, Saguntum ? Where were the Pyrensei Montes ? 
 What sea on the east of Graecia? What large islands 
 near Italia ? What large gulf in the south of Italia ? 
 Name the chief rivers of Hispania, 2. Cicero enumer- 
 ates the wars in which Pompeius had distinguished him- 
 self; among them bellum " Hispanimse" bellum " servile? 
 bellum " navale." Explain. 3. Three important battles 
 in Grecian history ; — name the victorious and the van- 
 quished party, and show the importance of the battles. 
 
 4. The expedition of Cyrus the Younger against Persia. 
 
 5. The siege of Syracuse. 6. The Athenian power at the 
 beginning, and at the end, of the Peloponnesian War. How 
 long did the war last ? 7. The first secession of the Plebs : 
 date, cause, and result. 8. The important battles of the 
 Second Punic War ; the commanders and victors in each. 
 9. The Gracchi, and their attempts at reform. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. From Caesar: "Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est 
 proximumque Helvetiorum finibus, Geneva!' "A lacu 
 Lemanno, qui in flumen Rhodanum influit, ad montem Ju- 
 ram fossam perduxit." " Flumen est Avar, quod per fines 
 iEduorum et Sequanorum in Rhodanum influit, incredibili 
 lenitate, ita ut oculis, in utram partem fluat, judicari non pos- 
 sit." Translate these passages. Describe the geographical 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 15 
 
 situation of the places, etc., italicized, and give the modern 
 names. What important town is at the junction of what 
 were the Ehodanus and the Arar ? 2. From Cicero : 
 " Pompeius nondum tempestivo ad navigandum mari Sici- 
 liam adiit, Africam exploravit ; inde Sardiniam cum classe 
 venit. Inde cum se in Italiam recepisset, duabus Hispaniis 
 et Gallia Cisalpina prsesidiis ac navibus confirmata, missis 
 item in oram Illy rid Maris et in Achaiam omnemque 
 Grseciam navibus, Italise duo maria maximis classibus 
 firmissimisque prsesidiis adornavit : ipse autem, ut a Brun- 
 disio profectus est, undequinquagesimo die totam ad imperi- 
 um populi Eomani Ciliciam adjunxit." Give a translation 
 and a geographical description. 3. Where were Argos, 
 Sparta, Salamis, Mt. Olympus, Mt. Ida, Sardis ? What 
 gulfs are separated by the Isthmus of Corinth ? Name the 
 chief rivers of Gallia, giving both ancient and modern 
 names. 4. Marathon, Thermopylae, Plateea, — geographi- 
 cally and historically. 5. Athens in the time of Pericles. 
 6. The Sicilian expedition. 7. Epaminondas, and the su- 
 premacy of Thebes. 8. Themistocles and Aristides. 9. 
 Philip of Macedon, and the battle of Chseronea. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1. " Sit Scipio ille clarus, cujus consilio atque virtute 
 Hannibal in Africam redire atque Italia decedere coactus 
 est ; ornetur alter eximia laude Africanus, qui duas urbes 
 huic imperio infestissimas, Carthaginem Numantiamque, 
 delevit ; habeatur vir egregius Paulus ille, cujus currum 
 rex potentissimus quondam et nobilissimus Perses honesta- 
 vit ; sit seterna gloria Marius, qui bis Italiam obsidione et 
 metu servitutis liberavit ; anteponatur omnibus Pompeius, 
 cujus res gestae atque virtutes iisdem quibus solis cursus re- 
 gionibus ac terminis continentur." Explain this passage 
 
16 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 from Cicero by brief notes, without writing a translation of 
 it. 2. From what places, etc., did the Bosporani, the Cyziceni, 
 the Cretenses, the Ehodii, mentioned by Cicero, respectively 
 derive their names ? Where were those places ? Where 
 were Brundisium, Caieta, Cilicia ? 3. Give the divisions 
 of the Peloponnesus, with their relative position, and 
 name a place in each. Connect historically Mantinea 
 with Leuctra in Bceotia. 4. What, and where, were the 
 chief settlements made outside of Greece by Greeks ? De- 
 scribe the great Sicilian expedition. 5. Point out and 
 describe the main causes of the growth and decline of the 
 Athenian power. 6. What were the relations at different 
 times between the Persian kings and the Greeks ? 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 1. Give a brief account of Caesar's campaign against 
 the Helvetii. Fix the position of the following : Lacus 
 Lemanus, the Ehodanus, the Allobroges, the Arar, Geneva. 
 What part did the Allobroges play in the Catilinarian 
 conspiracy ? 2. " Inde cum se in Italiam [Pompeius] rece- 
 pisset, duabus Hispaniis et Gallia Cisalpina praesidiis ac 
 navibus confirmata, missis item in oram Illyrici Maris et in 
 Achaiam omnemque Graeciarn navibus, Italiae duo maria 
 maximis classibus nrniissimisque praesidiis adornavit ; ipse 
 autem, ut a Brundisio profectus est, undequinquagesimo 
 die totam ad imperium populi Eomani Ciliciam adjunxit." 
 Fix the position of the italicized provinces, towns, etc., 
 without translating the passage. 3. Corinth, Philippi, 
 Antioch, Sardis, Ephesus, Smyrna, — where situated ? 4. 
 Name the chief battles in winch Greeks and Persians were 
 engaged between 500 and 300 B. C. Fix the positions, 
 give the dates, and show the importance of the several 
 battles. 5. Name some of the chief islands belonging to 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 17 
 
 Greeks or settled by Greeks, and point out the situation 
 of each. 6. The conquest of Greece by the Romans. Why 
 were the Romans more successful than the Persians had 
 been ? 7. Themistocles and Pericles. 8. Pausanias and 
 Lysander. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 1. " Interfectus est propter quasdam seditionum suspi- 
 ciones C. Gracchus." (Cicero.) Translate and explain. 
 
 2. " Etenim recordamini, Quirites, omnes civiles dissensiones, 
 neque (solum) eas quas audistis, sed et has quas vosmetipsi 
 meministis et vidistis." (Cicero.) Translate and explain. 
 
 3. " Majores vestri cum Antiocho, cum Philippo, cumPcenis 
 bella gesserunt." (Cicero.) Translate and explain. 4. Brun- 
 disium, Caieta, Ostia, Gallia Cisalpina, Samos, Cilicia, Pon- 
 tus (the country). (Cicero.) Give the position of each. 
 5. " Classes asratas, Actia bella, 
 
 Cernere erat ; totumque instructo Marte videres 
 Pervere Lcucaten (auroque), effulgere fluctus. 
 
 Eegina in mediis patrio (vocat) agmina sistro, 
 Necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit angues" (Virgil.) 
 Translate and explain. 6. Olympia and the Olympic 
 Games. The Olympiads. 7. Describe the battle of Mara- 
 thon and the battle of Salamis. 8. The character, policy, 
 and works of Pericles. 9. Name the principal events 
 which mark the decline and fall of the Athenian power. 
 10. The most brilliant period and the most noted men in 
 the history of Thebes. Mention two battles, give the geo- 
 graphical site of each, and date one of them. 11. Demos- 
 thenes. 12. Alexander's empire, and the kingdoms into 
 which it broke up. Date his death. 
 
18 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. " Hsec (sc. Italia) genus acre virum, Marsosque, pubem- 
 
 que Sabellam, 
 Adsueturoque malo Ligurem, Volscosque verutos 
 Extulit ; ha3C Decios, Marios, magnosque Camillos, 
 Scipiadas duros bello, et te, maxime Caesar." (Virgil.) 
 
 2. " Nos, quorum majores Antiochum regem classe Persenque 
 superarunt, omnibusque navalibus pugnis Carthaginienses 
 .... vicerunt, ii nullo in loco jam praedonibus pares esse 
 poteramus." (Cicero.) (Ii may be rendered, imperfectly, 
 by even we.) 3. * Ego enim sic existimo : Maximo, Mar cello, 
 Scipioni, Mario, et ceteris magnis imperatoribus, non solum 
 propter virtutem, sed etiam propter fortunam, ssepius im- 
 peria mandata atque exercitus esse conimissos." (Cicero.) 
 With this passage, take the following from Virgil: — 
 
 " Tu Maximus ille es, 
 Unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem." 
 4 Describe the city of Athens. 5. Name and describe 
 some important places and events which are associated 
 with the rivalry between Athens and Sparta. 6. What 
 were the causes of the fall of the Athenian power ? 7. The 
 first Darius and the last Darius : how were they con- 
 nected with Grecian history ? 8. Name some of the Greek 
 islands, and give their situation, with anything memorable 
 in their history. 9. The rise and fall of the Achaean 
 League. 10. What Eomans gained great victories over 
 Greeks ? when, and where ? 11. Name the sections or 
 provinces of the Peloponnesus, and point out places of 
 historical importance. (Draw a map, if you choose.) 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 19 
 
 XXYI. 
 
 1. By a single map (or otherwise) illustrate the follow- 
 ing quotations from Caesar, without writing a translation 
 of them : Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis 
 Matrona et Sequana dividit. — Sequanos a Provincia nostra 
 Rhodanus dividit. — Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est 
 proximumque Helvetiorum finibus Geneva. Ex eo oppido 
 pons ad Helvetios pertinet. Give the modern names of 
 the rivers. 2. By means of a map, or a description in 
 words, show the situation, relatively to Rome, of the Italian 
 districts named in the following passage from one of Cice- 
 ro's orations against Catiline, without writing a translation 
 of the passage : Video, cui Apulia sit attributa, qui habeat 
 Etruriam, qui agrum Picenum, qui Gallicum, qui sibi has 
 urbanas insidias caedis atque incendiorum depoposcerit. 
 3. Write explanatory notes on the following lines from 
 the prophecy of Anchises in the sixth book of the Aeneid : 
 Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho 
 Victor aget currum caesis insignis Achivis. 
 Eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas, 
 Ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli, 
 Ultus avos Trojae templa et temerata Minervae. 
 
 4. Name (and date, as far 
 as you can) the chief occa- 
 sions which brought Greeks 
 into contact with Persians. 
 Give the situation of places. 
 5. Themistocles and Aris- 
 tides. 6. The causes and 
 results of the Peloponnesian 
 War. 7. What objects 
 
 4. The Aryan settlement 
 of Europe. 5. Forms of gov- 
 ernment in Greece. 6. Phil- 
 ip and Alexander ; the results 
 of the conquests of the latter. 
 7. The increase of the do- 
 minion of Rome during and 
 in consequence of the Punic 
 Wars. 8. The Claudian, 
 
20 
 
 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Flavian, and " Good " emper- 
 ors. Name them, and give 
 some account of one emperor I 
 from each class. 9. Dio- 
 cletian and Constantine. 
 
 would an Athenian be most 
 likely to point out to a stran- 
 ger visiting Athens ? De- 
 scribe some of them. 8. 
 Name some turning-points or 
 critical periods in the history 
 of Athens. What made them 
 such ? 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 1. Cicero mentions, in his account of the depredations 
 of the pirates, Cnidus, Colophon, Samos, Misenum. Where 
 were they ? 2. In what part of Gaul was the territory 
 of the Aedui ? that of the Sequani ? that of the Arverni ? 
 that of the Treviri ? Describe the course of the Ehodanus, 
 the Arar, and the Ehenus, and give the modern names of 
 these rivers. 3. Write explanatory notes on the follow- 
 ing lines from the third book of the Aeneid : — 
 
 Linquimus Ortygiae portus, pelagoque volamus. 
 Bacchatamque jugis Naxon viridemque Donusam, 
 Olearon, niveamque Paron, sparsasque per aequor 
 Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta consita terris. 
 Nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor ; 
 Hortantur socii, Cretam proavosque petamus. 
 4. Name several of the! 4. Compare the geograph- 
 
 rivers or mountains in Greece 
 which are noted in mythol- 
 ogy or history. 5. Name 
 some places of historical in- 
 terest in the Peloponnesus, 
 and give the position of each. 
 
 ical character of Greece with 
 that of Italy. 5. B. C. 490, 
 480, 431-404, 334-323: to 
 what events in the history 
 of Greece do these dates 
 point ? 6. The relations of 
 
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 21 
 
 6. Eepresent by a map, or 
 describe otherwise, the course 
 of the expedition of Cyrus 
 the Younger, and of that of 
 Alexander of Macedon. 7. 
 The Eoman Conquest of 
 Greece. 8. B. C. 490, 480, 
 431 - 404, 334 - 323 : to 
 what events in the history 
 of Greece do these dates 
 point ? 9. Give the situa- 
 tion of each of the following 
 places, and connect an event 
 with each : Marathon, Ther- 
 mopylae, Plataea, Leuctra, 
 Syracuse, Chaeronea. 
 
 the Italian States to Eome. 
 
 7. The Eoman civil wars. 
 
 8. The extent of the Eoman 
 Empire. 9. The English 
 conquest of Britain. 
 
22 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Give a physical description of Italy. 2. Define pla- 
 teau, delta, steppe, light, lagoon, glacier. What is the profile 
 of a country ? 3. How many degrees apart from each 
 other are the two polar circles ? What is the breadth (in 
 degrees) of the torrid zone ? What is the shortest dis- 
 tance in degrees of longitude between Madras (80° E. from 
 Greenwich) and San Francisco (122J° W.) ? 4. Describe 
 the chief physical features of the State in which you live. 
 5. Describe the Andes, and one of the three great river 
 systems of South America. 6. Name the rivers connected 
 with the lakes of Switzerland and of Northern Italy, and 
 give their source, course, and end. 7. The Vosges, the 
 Jura, the Carpathians ; Mt. Everest, Mt. Chimborazo, Mont 
 Blanc, Monte Eosa, Mt. St. Elias. Give their position. 
 8. To what powers belong the Azores, Corsica, Malta, Heli- 
 goland, Algeria, Batavia, Manilla, Sydney, Havana ? 9. 
 Constantinople, Alexandria, Gibraltar, New York, New 
 Orleans, Hamburg, — show the convenience or importance 
 of the position of each. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. What is meant by the terms "latitude" and "longi- 
 tude " ? 2. Give the approximate longitude, reckoned from 
 the meridian of Greenwich, of London ; New York ; Cape 
 Horn ; the Cape of Good Hope ; Melbourne ; Shanghai ; the 
 Sandwich Islands. 3. Name and give the position, with 
 reference to the various countries, of the principal moun- 
 
MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 23 
 
 tain chains of Europe. 4. Name and give the position and 
 direction of the principal mountain ranges of North and 
 South America. 5. Describe the principal rivers of North 
 America, giving an approximate statement of the position 
 of their sources, the direction in which they run, and their 
 lengths. 6. Describe the principal rivers of Europe, in 
 the manner indicated in the preceding question. 7. Name 
 the principal islands of the East Indies, and state to what 
 political powers they belong. 8. Name the West India 
 Islands, and state to what powers they belong. 9. Describe 
 the position of France with reference to the adjacent coun- 
 tries, rivers, mountains, and seas. 10. What are the advan- 
 tages of London with regard to its geographical position ? 
 of St. Louis ? of Chicago ? of San Francisco ? 11. What 
 are the principal exports of England ? of the United 
 States ? of Eussia ? of Central America ? 12. State ap- 
 proximately the population of the most important states of 
 Europe. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Where is Manilla ? Through what waters and across 
 what countries would you pass in travelling from Manilla 
 to New York, (a) entirely by water, (b) partly by water and 
 partly by land ? 2. Explain what is meant by latitude 
 and longitude. What is the longitude of the point in the 
 northern hemisphere directly opposite Washington ? (As- 
 sume longitude of Washington 77° W.) What is the lati- 
 tude and longitude of the point in the southern hemisphere 
 directly opposite Cambridge ? The latitude of Cambridge 
 is 42° 23' N., the longitude 71° 7' W. 3. Mention the dif- 
 ferent bodies of water surrounding the British Islands, and 
 the rivers flowing into each. 4. Give as precisely as you 
 can the position of the following mountains, and state, 
 
24 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 where possible, to what range each belongs : — Washington ; 
 St. Elias ; Hecla ; Elburz ; Pike's Peak ; Dwalagiri ; Chim- 
 borazo ; Shasta ; Orizaba. 5. Enumerate the States and 
 Territories through or by which the Mississippi, Missouri, 
 and Ohio Eivers flow. 6. State the principal conditions 
 which determine the head of navigation on a river. Name 
 the town or city at the head of navigation on two rivers 
 in the United States, and on one in Europe. 7. State 
 what you know about the Gulf Stream. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. State as precisely as you can where the following rivers 
 rise and empty, their general directions, and the countries 
 or states which they cross or bound : — Amazon ; Ehine ; 
 Connecticut ; Volga ; Indus ; Ohio ; Obi ; St. Lawrence. 
 2. Explain the terms latitude and longitude. Given the 
 longitude of Melbourne as 145° E. when referred to Green- 
 wich, what would be its longitude when referred to Wash- 
 ington ? (Washington lies 77° west of Greenwich.) 3. De- 
 scribe the coast of Asia from Behring's Strait to the Strait 
 of Malacca, mentioning the peninsulas, the seas, the mouths 
 of important rivers, and the islands lying near the main- 
 land. (Draw a map comprising these particulars, if you 
 prefer.) 4. What is meant by the snow line ? Name some 
 countries in which the snow line is very high. 5. Mention 
 the principal islands in the Atlantic Ocean, and state to 
 what political power each belongs. 6. Bound France, and 
 give the name and position of four of its chief cities. 
 7. Name and give the position of the principal mountain 
 ranges of North and South America. 8. Bound Pennsyl- 
 vania. What mountains cross the State ? What are its 
 principal rivers ? How does it rank with the other States 
 as to area ? as to population ? 
 
MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 25 
 
 V. 
 
 1. What is the breadth of the north temperate zone in 
 degrees ? in miles ? 2. What is the length of the longest 
 day at the North Pole ? at the Arctic Circle ? at the Equa- 
 tor ? Account for the differences. 3. What countries of 
 South America are on the Pacific coast ? Which one has 
 no coast line ? 4. Through what waters would a vessel 
 pass in sailing from Sevastopol to St. Petersburg ? 5. In 
 what zone does Australia principally lie? What is the 
 chief river of Australia ? What gulf on the north ? What 
 important islands and groups of islands to the north and 
 east ? 6. Give the position of the following cities as pre- 
 cisely as you can, naming in all cases the river or other 
 body of water on or near which the city lies: — Cayenne, 
 Constantinople, Detroit, Lyons, Madras, Omaha, Palermo, 
 Para, Sitka, Zanzibar. 7. Bound Illinois. What is its cap- 
 ital ? Give the name and position of three other important 
 cities. What are its chief rivers, and in what direction do 
 they flow ? 8. Upon what three circumstances is the cli- 
 mate of any region chiefly dependent ? 9. To what states 
 or countries would you go for caoutchouc ? coffee ? olives ? 
 opium ? pepper ? rice ? silk ? sugar ? tapioca ? turpentine ? 
 10. Write what you can about coral islands and reefs. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. What is meant by the relief of a country ? the pro- 
 file ? What are the principal features of relief in North 
 America ? 2. Bound the three principal river basins of 
 South America. 3. In what direction are the Bahamas 
 from the Bermudas ? the Azores from Oporto ? Honolulu 
 from San Francisco ? Pekin from Yedo ? 4. Through or 
 
26 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 near what countries, islands, important cities, and bodies 
 of water does the Tropic of Cancer pass ? 5. Name and 
 give the situation of the English colonies in Africa. 6. 
 Bound Italy. What is its largest city ? Name its princi- 
 pal mountains and rivers. If there is anything peculiar 
 about any of the rivers, mention and explain it. 7. Where 
 are the following gulfs and bays : — Finland, Bothnia, 
 Aden, Bengal, Lyons, Chesapeake ? Name the important 
 rivers, if any, which empty into each. 8. What are the 
 principal productions and exports of Kussia ? France ? 
 Cuba ? Japan ? Peru ? 9. How do the forms of govern-, 
 ment of the five principal nations of Europe differ ? 10. 
 Write what you can about the trade winds. 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 27 
 
 GEEEK COMPOSITION. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. What then ? When 1 the Athenians and my [fellow] 
 citizens 2 come, 3 let us summon 4 this man also, that we 
 may consult 5 together. 6 2. Cyrus said, " If you go 7 now, 
 when 8 shall you be at home ? " 9 3. my country ! 10 
 that all who inhabit n thee would love thee as I now do ! 
 4. Not many days after this, Chares 12 came from Athens 
 with 13 a few 14 ships ; and immediately the Lacedaemoni- 
 ans and Athenians fought a naval battle. 15 The Lacedae- 
 monians were victorious, 16 under the lead 17 of Hegesandri- 
 das. 18 
 
 1. €7T€i8dp. 2. 7roXtT7/ff. 3. epxopcu. 4. KaXeco. 5. ovp,(!$ov\evG> 
 (mid.). 6. Koivfj. 7. etpt. 8. irore. 9. oXkoi. 10. trarpis. 
 11.. ol<€(0. 12. Xdprjs. 13. exav. 14. okiyos. 15. vavp.a\e(o. 
 16. viKaa. 17. rjyeofiai (gen. absol.). 18. 'Hyrja-audplbas. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. After these things, Pericles rose, 1 and thus spoke. 
 2. Do not obey 2 these most wicked men. 3. On the next 3 
 day he gave them what he promised. 4 4. All the Greeks 
 happened 5 to be doing this. 5. Many fear lest these things 
 should happen 6 while Philip is king. 7 6. If these things 
 were true, 8 it would be still more terrible. 9 
 
 1. dvicmjfjii. 2. Treiday. 3. vorepatos. 4. viri<TXV€op.ai. 5. rvy- 
 xdvco with the participle. 6. ylypopai. 7. genitive absolute. 
 8. dXrjOrjS' 9. fietvds. 
 
28 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Any one might justly 1 praise 2 him, not only for 3 
 these things, but for what he did about 4 the same time. 5 
 2. If you do 6 what I just 7 now told 8 you, you will have 
 all things which any one could wish. 9 3. that 10 these 
 things had happened u as we wished ! 9 But since M we 
 were unfortunate, 13 let us do what the wisest of us shall 
 command. 14 4. If these men had not perished, 15 the city 
 would have been saved 16 and we should now be free. 17 
 
 1. diKaias. 2. enaweo). 3. kirl. 4. irepi. 5. "Xfiovos. 6. 7roiea>. 
 7. apn. 8. (j)pd£<x>. 9. /3ovXo/iat. 10. cWe. 11. yiyvopai. 
 12. eriei. 13. drv^qs. 14. iceXeva). 1.5. dnoXKvpt. 16. croofa. 
 1 7. iXevOepos. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. If I appear x to be wrong, 2 I will pay 3 the penalty. 
 2. If you should turn 4 from evils, you would quickly 5 be- 
 come 6 better. 3. I fear 7 lest we have forgotten 8 the road 9 
 home. 10 4. If Philip had had this opinion, 11 — that it is 
 difficult M to fight 13 with the Athenians, — he would have 
 done 14 no one of the things which he has done. 
 
 1. BoKeco. 2. ddiKecD. 3. Biktjv dovvai. 4. dirorpk-nopai. 5. ip 
 rdxei. 6. yiypopai.. 7. deldco. 8. iirika.v6avop.ai. 9. 686s. 10. 
 oUade. 11. yva>p.T). 12. ^aXf7T(5s. 13. iroXepea. 14. 7rpdaaco. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Those who were looking 1 on feared 2 lest their friends 3 
 should suffer 4 anything. 2. They all said 5 that the king 6 
 had sent 7 them, and that they wished 8 to make an alli- 
 ance 9 with Cyrus. 3. If another shall come 10 in his own 
 name, 11 him ye will receive. 12 4. When this had hap- 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 29 
 
 pened, 13 all believed 14 that an assembly 15 would be sum- 
 moned. 16 
 
 1. dedofjLdi (partic). 2. <fio(3eop.ai. 3. <f)i\os. 4. 7Jw;(G>. 5. 
 Xeyco with on. 6. j3ao~iXevs. 7. nkfmat. 8. fiovXofxai. 9. o~v/i- 
 jua^eo). 10. epxofxai. 11. ovopa. 12. \apfidva>. 13. yiyvopai. 
 14. o'lopai. 15. eKn\T)o~la. 16. o-vyKaXe'a>. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. You would be approved, 1 should you appear 2 not to 
 do those things which you would blame 3 others for doing. 
 2. Swear 4 by no 5 god for the sake of 6 money, not even 7 
 if you are not about 8 to violate 9 your faith. 10 3. The 
 king n said 12 that the messenger 13 was not then present, 14 
 and that, if he had been, these things would not have oc- 
 curred. 15 4. Would that I had 16 the wings 17 of an eagle, 18 
 that leaving 19 the earth 2° I might be numbered 21 among 22 
 the stars ! 23 
 
 1. evdoKifiea. 2. (palvopai. 3. iirvnpda). 4. ofiw/it. 5. prjdeis 
 or ovdels 1 6. eveica. 7. prjdL 8. fieWetv. 9. irapafialveiv. 10. 
 marts. 11. fiaaikevs. 12. Xeyeii/ with on. 13. ayyeXos. 14. 
 irdpeipt. 15. yiyvopai. 16. e^etv. 17. 7TT€pov. 18. aero?. 19. 
 XetVa). 20. -yi}. 21. dpiBpea. 22. eV. 23. aarpov. 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. I tried x to show 2 him that 3 he thought 4 he was 
 wise, but 6 was not. 2. He says 6 that these things hap- 
 pened 7 while Cyrus 19 was king. 8 3. Let no one believe 9 
 that I now fear 10 lest our state n be ruined. 12 4. If these 
 men were not unjust, 13 they would not have condemned 14 
 these generals 15 to death. 16 5. He burned 17 the vessels, 18 
 that Cyrus 19 might not pass over. 20 
 
 1. rreipdopat. 2. StUwpi. 3. ort. 4. oiopat (with infin.). 
 
30 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 5. 8e (with preceding pev). 6. <prjp.i (with infin.). 7. yiyvopai. 
 8. participle of /3ao-iXevG>. 9. vopifa (with infin.). 10. <£o/3eo- 
 jxai. 11. 7roXis. ]2. a7rdXXv^t (2d aor. mid.). 13. dbiKca. 
 14. Karayiyvoia-KQ). 15. arparr^yos. 16. 6at/aros. 17. KaraKaco. 
 18. 7rXoioi/. 19. Kvpos. 20. 5taj3aiVco. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. The king 1 is chosen 2 in order that those who choose 2 
 him may be benefited 3 by 4 him. 2. They said 5 that Cy- 
 rus 6 was dead, 7 and that Ariseus 8 would flee. 9 3. If he had 
 been here, 10 would he have overlooked u these things, or 
 have punished 12 these impious 13 men? 4. May we desire 14 
 only 17 those things which we shall rejoice 15 to have ac- 
 quired. 16 5. Before 18 he came, 19 the ships 20 happened 21 
 to have gone ® to Caria 23 to summon ^ assistance. 25 
 
 1. (Haaikevs. 2. alpeoa. 3. ev irpdrrzw. 4. did. 5. Xeyw (on). 
 
 6. Kvpos. 7. 6vr]a-K(o. 8. 'Apiaios. 9. <pevya>. 10. irapeipt, 11. 
 7repiopd(o. 12. KoXa£o>. 13. dcre^rjs. 14. ciriOvpeo*. 15. ^atpa). 
 16. KeKrqpat. 17. povov. 18. 7rptV. 19. epxopai. 20. vaOj. 21. 
 Tuyx*"'®- 22. ot^o/iat. 23. Kapla. 24. 7re/)iuyy€XXa> (participle), 
 25. /Sojj&Iv. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. All of them fear x lest they may be compelled 2 to do 
 many 3 things which now they do not wish 4 to do. 2. O 
 that 5 this man had had 6 strength 7 equal 8 to his mind. 9 
 3. They called in 10 physicians 11 when they were sick, 12 
 that they might not die. 13 4. He showed 14 that he was 
 ready 15 to fight 16 if any one should come out. 17 
 
 1. (pofikopai. 2. dva.yK.dfa. 3. ttoKvs. 4. ftovXopat. 5. eWe. 
 6. e^G). 7. p<oprj. 8. tcros. 9. yva>pn. 10. 7mpaKa\(a>. 11. 
 larpos. 12. voaea> (partic). 13. diro6vrjo-K<o. 14. Bi]\6a> (with 
 or*). 15. eroipos. 16. pd\opai. 17. fgepxopat. 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 31 
 
 X. 
 
 1. He said l that he had come 2 that he might see 3 both 
 what was doing and what had been done. 2. I told him 
 that, if these things had been true, 4 this would not have 
 happened. 5 3. Would that he were alive ; 7 for he would 
 not fear 8 these dangers 9 as you do. 4. Do you wish 6 me 
 to come ? 2 Tell 1 him not to fear 8 me, thinking 10 I shall 
 be angry. 11 
 
 1. Xe-yo). 2. epxppai. 3. opdco. 4. akrjdrjs. 5. yiyvopat. 6. 
 fiovkofiai. 7. £a<a. 8. <f)o(3ovp,ai. 9. icivdvpos. 10. oiopcu. 11. 
 Xa\e7raiva>. 
 
 XI. 
 
 1. It is said * that the king 2 sent them away, 3 fearing 4 
 lest they should perish 5 by remaining. 6 2. Athens, 7 al- 
 though it was 8 great 9 before, 10 then became u greater, hav- 
 ing been freed 12 from tyrants. 13 3. Who of all the Greeks 
 would not justly 14 have hated 15 us, if we had fled 16 and 
 had left 17 our city to the barbarians ? 18 4. Call 19 no one 
 happy 20 before 21 he is dead. 22 
 
 1. Xeyw. 2. fiacrikevs. 3. diro7refX7ro). 4. <f)o^eofiai. 5. dirok- 
 \vfii. 6. fi€P(o. 7. 'A6rjvcu. 8. Participle of dpi. 9. p.kyas. 
 10. <npiv. 11. ylyvopai. 12. diraX\d<r(ra>. 13. rvpavvos. 14. 
 diKaioas. 15. pirreco. 16. (fievyco. 17. KaraXeiirco. 18. fidpfiapos. 
 19. KaXea. 20. okfiios. 21. fl-piV. 22. TeXeurao). 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. Wish a to be a friend 2 of the powerful, 3 in order that 
 you may not suffer punishment 4 if you act unjustly. 5 2. 
 We fear 6 lest, 7 if we do 8 this, we shall miss 9 at once 10 
 what we have gained n and what we hope 12 to gain. 3. 
 The messenger 13 came 14 to announce 15 that the city had 
 
32 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 been taken, 16 but that the citizens 17 were hidden 18 near 19 
 the sea. 20 4. Would 21 that he had died ffl in his youth, 23 
 for 2* he now would be happy. 25 
 
 1. ftovXofiai. 2. cplXos. 3. to be powerful, Bvvaadai. 4. Si- 
 kt\v dovvai. 5. ddiKeiv. 6. (pofiovpai. 7. pfj. 8. 7rparra>. 9. 
 dpaprdvcd. 10. a/xa. 11. Tvy^avo). 12. eX7n£a>. 13. ayyeXos. 
 14. epxofiai. 15. dyyeXXco. 16. akio-Kopai. 17. iroXirqs. 18. 
 KpvTTTO. 19. irapd. 20. 0dXarra. 21. €i#e. 22. d7ro8vr)(TKa>. 
 23. a young man, veaviaKos. 24. eVet. 25. evdalp.au. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. I trust 2 that these things which you have heard 2 are 
 true. 3 2. Who would not wish 4 to leave his country, 5 
 when such base 6 men are in power ? 7 3. The same men 
 were present 8 when these things happened. 9 4. He said 10 
 that, although he was u a god, he wished 4 to die. 12 
 
 1. 7TiaT€va). 2. aKova. 3. akr}6t)S. 4. (3ov\opai. 5. irarpis. 
 6. novrjpos. 7. Kparico (partic). 8. ndpeipu. 9. yiyvopcu. 10. 
 ef7roi>. 11. participle. 12. dnoOvrjaKco. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. After these things, a battle a having taken place, 2 the 
 Greeks were victorious. 3 2. The king himself came as 
 quickly 4 as possible 5 with the army. 6 3. The same general 7 
 commanded 8 the army in both 9 the battles. 4. Many of 
 the children 10 whom he saw feared u lest they should be 
 taken. 12 5. If these things had been true, 13 it would have 
 been still 14 more terrible. 15 
 
 1. pdxrj. 2. ylyvopai. 3. viKaco. 4. ra^v. 5. a>s. 6. arpd- 
 revpa. 7. orpcmyyos. 8. yyeopat. 9. dp<poTcpos. 10. irals. 11. 
 (pofieopai. 12. Xapfidvea. 13. dXrjdfjs. 14. en. 15. dcivos. 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 33 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. I told a him that you all 2 were my 3 friends. 4 2. He 
 acts 5 thus 6 that he may not seem 7 to wrong 8 the state. 9 
 
 3. If he had been just, 10 this would not have happened. 11 
 
 4. Do you think M they will flee 13 when 14 they see 15 us ? 
 
 1. Xeyo). 2. 7705. 3. possessive dative. 4. <p{\os. 5. irpar- 
 tco. 6. ovrojy. 7. doKeco. 8. aSiKeco. 9. 7roXis. 10. BUatos. 
 11. yiyvofjLcu. 12. ofpzi. 13. cpevya). 14. orai/. 15. o/hzu. 
 
 XVI 
 
 1. They came 1 in order to destroy 2 their 3 enemies. 4 
 2. If you should say 5 this, he would be angry. 6 3. The 
 men 7 reported 8 that they had seen 9 no one. 10 4. He de- 
 clares n that he expects 12 to die. 13 
 
 1. epxopai. 2. a7roXXv/xi. 3. article. 4. i%6p6s- 5. \eyco. 
 6. xaAeTrcuVo). 7. dprjp. 8. a7rayyeXXcD. 9. opao). 10, ovdeis. 
 11. a770(palvco. 12. ot/icu. 13. OvrjcrKco. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 1. While * Alexander 2 was a in the country 3 of the Uxii, 4 
 his horse Bucephalus 5 was 6 once 7 missing. 8 
 
 1. participle. 2. 'AXegavdpos. 3. x^P a ' 4. Ovgioi. 5. Bou- 
 Ke<^>aXa?. 6. yiyvop.ai. 7. omit. 8. dcpavrjs- 
 
 2. Accordingly, 1 he proclaimed 2 through 3 the country 
 that he would kill 4 all the Uxii, unless they brought 5 him 
 back his horse. 
 
 1. odv. 2. 7rpoKr)pvTTa>. 3. dvd. 4. airoKTciva. 5. a7nryo>. 
 
 3. And such 1 fear 2 of the king had 3 the barbarians, 
 that 4 Bucephalus was sent 5 back directly 6 upon 7 the 
 proclamation. 8 
 
 1. Toaoofie. 2. (pofios. 3. use ei/xt. 4. wore. 5. d7T07re/i7r<a 
 6. evdvs. 7. «ri. 8. <r\pvypja. 
 
34 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. Did not Homer 1 call 2 Agamemnon 3 shepherd 4 of the 
 people, 5 because a general 6 ought 7 to take care 8 that his 
 soldiers 9 be both 10 safe n and 10 prosperous ? 12 
 
 1. "0/j.rjpoS' 2. irpoaayopevo). 3. ' &yapep,va>v. 4. 7roi[ir}V. 5. \aos. 
 6. OTparrjyos. 7. del. 8. impeXeopai. 9. crrpaTtd)Trjs> 10. re 
 /ecu. 11. o-a>s. 12. €vbaip.(ov. 
 
 2. For 1 you know 2 that generals are chosen 3 to be au- 
 thors 4 of prosperity 5 to those who chose them. 
 
 1. yap. 2. oi8a. 3. alpeopcu. 4. curio?. 5. evbatpovla. 
 
 3. It seems x to me, therefore, 2 that Agamemnon would 
 not have been applauded 3 by Homer, had he not been ex- 
 cellent 4 in this particular. 5 
 
 1. Sokcco. 2. ovv. 3. eVaweco. 4. from dyac^dy. 5. omit. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. As x Xenophon 2 was x sacrificing, 3 a messenger 4 ar- 
 rived 5 from Mantinea, 6 announcing 7 that his son 8 Gryl- 
 lus 9 was dead. 10 
 
 1. omit. 2. 3evo<pa>v. 3. 6va. 4. ayyikos. 5. ^kco. 6. 
 Mauriveia. 7. Xeyco. 8. vtdy. 9. TpvKKos. 10. to die, Ovtjctkco. 
 
 2. Then 1 he 2 laid 3 aside the garland, 4 but 5 continued 6 to 
 sacrifice. 
 
 1. Kai. 2. iicuvos. 3. airarWepai. 4. arecpavos. 5. 8e pre- 
 ceded by /u«>. 6. StareXeo). 
 
 3. But when 2 the messenger had added 2 this 3 also, 4 that 
 he had died victorious, 5 Xenophon put 6 the garland on 6 
 again. 7 
 
 1. iirel. 2. irpo<rri6r)pi. 3. iiceivos. 4. Kai. 5. vucdo (parti- 
 ciple). 6. iiriTiOepai. 7. 7raX«». 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 35 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. Themistocles x said 2 that the trophies 3 of Miltiades 4 
 woke 5 him from his sleep. 6 
 
 1. QefiKTTOKkrjs. 2. Ae'yo). 3. rpoiraiov. 4. MtXrtaS^y. 5. avi- 
 
 (TTJJpi. 6. V7TPOS. 
 
 2. Do not hasten 1 to be 2 rich, 2 lest thou speedily 3 be- 
 come 4 poor. 5 
 
 1. (nrcv&o. 2. 7rXovTe<B. 3. ra\v- 4. yiyvopai. 5. irevqs. 
 
 3. If he shall slay 1 his 2 enemy, 3 he will pollute 4 his 
 hand. 5 
 
 1. airoKTciva. 2. possess, genit. 3. ix&pos. 4. ptaivo. 5. 
 
 4. A report 2 was spread 2 abroad 2 that the allies 3 had 
 revolted 4 from the city. 5 
 
 1. Xoyos. 2. diacnreipco. 3. <rvpp^L\os. 4. action] pi. 5. 7roAts. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. It became 1 evident, 2 that 3 the Greeks strongly 4 
 feared 5 lest he should become a tyrant. 6 2. The god, as it 
 seems, 7 often 8 rejoices 9 in making 10 the small great, and 11 
 the great smalL 3. The Thebans after this raised n a tro- 
 phy, 13 and gave up 14 the dead 15 under truce. 16 4 He 
 replied, 17 that he was not marching 18 that 19 he might do 
 wrong 20 to any, but that he might assist 21 those who were 
 wronged. 22 
 
 1. yiyvofiat. 2. brjkos. 3. OTt. 4. Icrxypcbs. 5. <£oj3eo/nai. 
 tf. rvpavvos. 7. eoina. 8. iroXkdicis. 9. ^atpco. 10. participle of 
 mie'o). 11. 5e (with preceding pev). 12. umjfu. 13. rponaiov. 
 14. dirobibaipat. 15. vettpos. 16. vTToanovbos. 17. dnoKpivopai. 
 18. arparevopai. 19. «/a. 20. d8tKea>. 21. jSoqtfe'a). 22. parti- 
 ciple. 
 
36 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1. He thought : that he needed 2 friends 3 for this pur- 
 pose, 4 that he might have helpers. 5 2. O that 6 I had 
 as great 7 power 8 as 9 these kings now have ! 3. They were 
 not able 10 to prevent u Philip from passing through. 12 4. 
 They announced 13 that they should treat 14 all these as 
 enemies. 15 
 
 1. olofxai (w. infin.). 2. t)e'opai. 3. (j>[\os. 4. ei/cxcc 5. ovvep- 
 yos. 6. eWe. 7. tchtovtos. 8. dvvapis. 9. 8<ros. 10. bvvapai. 
 11. kooXvg). 12. 7rapepxofxai (aor.). 13. npoayopeva (on). 14. 
 Xpaopai (use). 15. TroXepios. 
 
 XXIII 
 
 1. The king said that whoever killed 1 the man should 
 rule 2 the whole city. 2. They feared 3 that the army would 
 bring 4 aid to the inhabitants, 5 for they perceived 6 that the 
 citizens were not despondent. 7 3. The eagle 8 remained 
 until 9 evening 10 came n on ; and, terrified u by the sight, 13 
 we came to the soothsayers 14 to make 15 communication 
 about 16 the omen. 17 4. He hoped 18 that he should die 19 
 that day, 20 that he might be released 21 from his chains. 22 
 
 5. Take 23 this soldier, and keep 24 him until 9 1 come 25 with 26 
 the king's army. 6. Do not inflict 27 misery M on me who 
 am miserable 29 already. 30 
 
 1. dnoKTeivo}. 2. apxa>. 3. (pofiovpai. 4. fiorjOea). 5. ivouceoa. 
 
 6. alcr6dvop.cu. 7. ddvpeco. 8. deros. 9. €<os. 10. eenrepa. 11. 
 itnylyvopai. 12. eKnXrjcrcrG). 13. o\jns. 14. pdvrts. 15. kolvoco. 
 16. rrepi. 17. 6eiov. 18. iXnlfa. 19. dnoOvricrKco. 20. rjpepa. 
 21. Xuo). 22. Becrpos. 23. Xapfidvo). 24. o-d>£a>. 25. epxopau 
 26. e^co. 27. 7rposri8t]pi. 28. i>dVos. 29. voaka. 30. 9S7. 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 37 
 
 XXIY. 
 
 1. They say that when animals 1 were endowed 2 with 
 voices, the sheep 3 said to her master 4 : " You do 5 a curi- 
 ous 6 thing/ because 8 to us who provide 9 you wool 10 and 
 lambs 11 you give nothing that we don't take 12 from 13 
 the earth/ 4 while 15 to the dog 16 you give 17 [-some- 7 ] of the 
 food 18 you have yourself." And that the dog, who had 
 been listening, 19 said : " But I am your preserver, 20 so that 
 you are not carried 21 off by wolves; 22 since, 23 if I should 
 not guard 24 you, you could not feed, 25 through-fear 26 of 
 death." 27 
 
 1. £5)ov. 2. (pa>vr)eis. 3. ols. 4. 8eo-7r6T7js. 5. iroU<o. 6. 
 
 6avpa<rr6s. 7. omit. 8. because you = relat. pronoun. 9. 
 
 7rape^o). 10. zpiov. 11. apues (plural). 12. \ap(3dved. 13. eK. 
 
 14. yrj. 15. de. 16. kvcdv. 17. perabibapi. 18. alros. 19. 
 clkovg). 20. <7a>£a>. 21. apirafa. 22. Xvkos. 23. fact. 24. <J)v- 
 Xarrw. 25. vepopai. 26. <pofiovp.ai. 27. dnoXXvpi. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. He was brought up 2 at 2 the court 3 of the king 4 ; so 
 that, 5 while 6 a boy, 7 he used to converse 8 with the best 9 of 
 the Persians. 10 2. Would that he had given n me what he 
 promised 12 to give him! 3. Old men 13 say that life 14 is 
 burdensome 15 to them ; but if death 16 comes 17 near, 18 no- 
 body wants 19 to die. 20 
 
 1. iraiSevoo. 2. fat. 3. 6vpa (plural). 4. PaviXevs. 5. wore. 
 6. Participle of dpi. 7. nais. 8. Biakeyopai. 9. aya66s. 10. 
 Tlepa-rjs. 11. bidcapt,. 12. VTricr)(vkopa.i. 13. yepav. 14. £aco. 
 
 15. fiapvs. 16. Qavaros. 17. tfpxppat. 18. TrXqatov. 19. fiov* 
 
 \opai. 20. QTTodvT} OTCG). 
 
38 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 1. Seuthes asked, "Would you be willing, Episthenes, 
 to die for this boy ? " And he said, holding up his hands, 
 " Strike, if the boy commands you to strike." 2. He feared 
 that the men from the mountains would not make war 
 with the Greeks. 
 
 1ST. B. — The sentences below need correction : write out 
 corrected forms for them with a right translation. 
 
 3. Ei ovdeis ipxofiai iua dicovoi e/xe, ov8eis ao(pcoTepos eltriv. 
 
 4. 'AvKTTrjo-av ol 'EWrjves km elitov top irais els too 7r6\ea>s tovto> 
 
 eivai. 
 
 5. And Xenophon, on arriving, said to Seuthes, that the 
 men were friendly, and would have sent mercenaries if he 
 had asked it. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 1. The general with all his soldiers sailed away from the 
 island, thinking that Cimon had come from Athens with 
 twenty-seven ships. 2. The gods know well what it is best 
 for man to have : to some they give much gold, to others a 
 beautiful body, to others neither of these gifts. 3. (Write 
 the following sentence in a corrected form, with the ac- 
 cents.) 
 
 Tap idaxra ep.avros avrovs kva rakavrov be oi avOpamoi, eTravcrovrcu 
 p.axovres. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 And immediately these soldiers came back and informed 
 Xenophon that the enemy in great numbers had occupied the 
 heights before Cleonymus had been able to lead his horsemen 
 into the village. Then Xenophon said that if it seemed best to 
 
 
GREEK COMPOSITION. 39 
 
 the other generals, he himself would march with his own men 
 against the barbarians, that they might not attack the Greeks 
 with their whole force. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 Xenophon, the Athenian, fearing that, if he should leave 
 Chirisophus and proceed by himself to attack the enemy, the 
 barbarians would easily master the rest of the Grecian force 
 before he could send them assistance, said that if the gods were 
 willing to save them, they could save them where they were ; 
 but if not, that it was fitting that they should remain and suf- 
 fer whatever the gods appointed until death came. 
 
40 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 GEEEK GEAMMAR. 
 I. 
 
 1. Decline 0a\ao-<ra,7r\6os, and \ea>v throughout, and yvty in the 
 singular. Explain the Accent of the oblique cases of yty. 
 2. Decline the Adjective fieXas. Compare o-acppcov and o-ocpos, 
 and give the rules. Compare peyas. 3. Decline ovtos and ipav- 
 tov. 4. Give the rule for the Augment of verbs compounded 
 with a preposition. Give the Imperfect Indicative Active of 
 einypdcjxo and irepiypcKpay. 5. Give the rules for the formation of 
 the Future Active. Inflect the Future Indicative Active of 
 dyyeXXo. 6. Give the Second Aorist Indicative (Active, Passive, 
 and Middle) of AeiW Inflect the Present Optative Active of 
 Tifiao). 7. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Active of W%z«, 
 and inflect the Imperative. 8. Mention any classes of verbs 
 which are followed by the Genitive. How is the Agent ex- 
 pressed after verbals in -reos 1 9. Kopai XapiT€<ro~iv Spoiat (hair 
 resembling that of the Graces) : Explain the Dative Xapireaa-iv. 
 10. What constructions follow tva and onus to denote a purpose 1 
 When is each construction used 1 11. Divide the following 
 verses into feet, and name the feet : — 
 
 Xat/aere, Kr/pvices, Atds &yye\oi i}5£ Kal avdpdv, 
 *A<t<tov It- oUtI /xoi tifA/xes i-rrairioi, d\\' ' kyanifivuv. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Decline the Nouns povo-a and relxos. Explain the change 
 of accent in povo-a where it is not the same as in the Nominative 
 Singular. What nouns in a of the first declension have as in the 
 Genitive Singular? 2. Decline the Adjective x a P^ m tne Sin- 
 gular. 3. Decline the Pronouns <rv and ovtos. 4. What are the 
 syllabic and temporal augments respectively 1 What is the or- 
 dinary reduplication, and what is the Attic reduplication] 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 41 
 
 6. Conjugate the Verbs Tpij3<o, ayyeAXw, and ypdcpa. Inflect the 
 Perfect Indicative Passive of ypdcpa>, and explain the euphonic 
 changes which the root ypacp- undergoes in that tense. 6. How 
 is the Future Active of a liquid verb formed 1 7. Give a synop- 
 sis of the Present and Second Aorist Active of to-Trjpi, and inflect 
 those tenses in the Indicative. 8. What is the difference be- 
 tween 6 (Tocpos avrjp and 6 dvrjp o~o(pos 1 What does dvfjp 6 aocpos 
 mean 1 What do avros 6 durjp and 6 avrbs avrjp mean ? 9. In the 
 phrase eVc rovrav hv Xeyei, explain the case of hv. 10. In depend- 
 ent clauses, which tenses of the Indicative are followed by the 
 Subjunctive, and which by the Optative 1 ? 11. Translate \av6dvet 
 iavrov crocpos &v, and explain the use of Xavdava) with the parti- 
 ciple. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Which consonants are called labials, which Unguals, and 
 which palatals ? Explain Syncope and Crasis, and give an ex- 
 ample of each. 2. Define an Enclitic. Give the Enclitics 
 which you remember. 3. Decline the Nouns pova-a and npdypa. 
 Give the rule for the accent of the Genitive Plural of each. 
 4. Compare dXrjdfjs, dyados, and kokos. 5. Decline oSe in the Sin- 
 gular, and Bans in the Plural. 6. Explain the Attic Reduplica- 
 tion, and give an example. How are verbs beginning with a 
 diphthong augmented? Give the Imperfect and First Aorist 
 Active of mi-coo. 7. Inflect the First Aorist Middle Indicative 
 of PovXeva, and the Second Aorist Passive Optative of XetVa). 
 8. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Middle of riBrjpi through 
 all the moods, and inflect the Indicative. 9. Where are evpoi, 
 evprjo-ot, and evpeOelr) formed, and from what verb 1 ? 10. What 
 cases follow Verbs of accusing, prosecuting, and convicting ? If 
 these verbs are compounded with mrd, what construction fol- 
 lows them It 11. Translate £k tovtuv av Aey«, and olxerai bv sides 
 avhpa. Explain the attraction in each case. 12. Explain the 
 Genitive Absolute. When is the Accusative Absolute used ? 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate Ehev on tovto iroiolr), 
 
42 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 I 
 
 TLlirev oti tovto ttoitjo-oi, Ewrei> on tovto 7roir)(rciev, and E*7Tfi/ 
 
 tovto 7roir)<rei, — and explain the difference, wherever that 
 not made clear by the translation. 2. Translate e/3ovXero tovto 
 noiTjo-ai, and efa tovto Trovqaai, — and explain the force of the 
 Aorist Infinitive in each case. 3. Explain the difference be- 
 tween the Optative and the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative 
 in expressions of a wish. Give an example of each. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Explain the terms Metathesis, Epenihesis, Syncope, and 
 give examples of each. 2. Give the general rules for accenting 
 the Penult of Greek words. 3. Decline TeXcovrjs and evyews, and 
 state what nouns are indeclinable. 4. Compare the Adjectives 
 fieXas and rjdvs ; the Adverbs paXa and vvia-ap. 5. Give the 
 numeral Adverbs as far as tenants, and write in full the Plural 
 of the Article. 6. Give the Imperfect of nepiyiyvopai and dvexco, 
 also the Perfect Indicative of Tplfi<o, with the rule for its forma- 
 tion. 7. Inflect the Present Optative Active of Tipaa>, and the 
 Imperfect of riOrnu. Give the Imperative of «/u, and the Pres- 
 ent Indicative of fa pi. 8. Translate the words n-X^et olnep 
 diKaCovo-i, and give the rule for the use of the Relative. 
 9. What case follows verbs of tasting, and what cases follow 
 causatives of this class 1 10. Explain the use of the Infinitive 
 after verbs of saying, thinking, etc., and give an example. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. What tenses can be used to 
 express a customary action, and what is the general rule for 
 introducing quotations'? 2. Translate irpb "EXXrjvos ovBe elvat 
 tovto to ovopa bonei, and explain the Infinitive. 3. Explain in 
 full the use of uxpeXov in the expression of a wish, and illustrate 
 by examples. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. What consonants are called labials, what Unguals, and 
 what palatals ? Explain N movable, and give an example. 
 2. Accent the following Nouns, ywpai., yva>fi<ov, yvoapais (from 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 43 
 
 Nom. yvafiT]) ; iraidos, 7rcu8a, naiScov, 7ratariv (from irais) ', and the 
 following Verbs, /3ovX€U€t, /3ovXeuot, (SovXevaao-Oai, iXdetv, e\6(ov. 
 3. Decline the Noun Bakavo-a, and the Adjective xapiW 4. Com- 
 pare koXos, vdxppcov, and fjbvs. 5. Decline the Relative o? in the 
 Singular, and ovtos in the Plural. 6. How is the Future Passive 
 formed 1 — give an example (from jSouXevco). How is the Future 
 Active of a liquid Verb formed 1 7. Give a synopsis of the 
 Second Aorist Passive of XetVo), and inflect the Subjunctive of 
 that tense. Inflect the Aorist Imperative Active of PovXeva, and 
 the Present Optative Active of didapi. 8. Where are fiovXevOrj, 
 povXcvOrjvai, and Terpiyjrai made 1 Explain the euphonic change 
 introduced in forming rerpi^rai. 9. What is the difference be- 
 tween /3ovXe vo-ai and (SovXevaai 1 — between i'a-Trjcra and ecrrrju 1 
 10. Translate fiovXeade elpat <ro(pol, and fiovXecrBe tovtovs yevecrdai 
 aocpoCs. Explain the case of the Adjective in each. 11. Trans- 
 late fieXei (toi rovToav, and explain the cases of the Pronouns. 
 1 2. Describe the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic. What is a 
 Trochee, a Pyrrhic, an Anapcest, and a Cretic ? 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. In what constructions can the 
 Future Optative be used 1 Give an example of its correct use. 
 
 2. What constructions are regularly used in dependent clauses 
 after Verbs signifying to strive, to take care, to effect, etc. ] 
 
 3. What is the meaning of each tense of the Infinitive after a 
 verb of saying or thinking ? How are the tenses that are want- 
 ing in the Infinitive supplied 1 Give an example of each tense, 
 using (prjpL and iroda>. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. What Nouns of the first declension have the ending a of 
 the Nominative Singular short ? 2. Give the contracted forms 
 with the Accents of the Noun 77X000 (Nom. Dual), of the Adjective 
 avrlnvoos, of the Verb e'xpaev, and state the rule or exception to 
 which the Accent of each is to be referred. 3. Decline the 
 Noun p.vaa. The Noun e<os. The Adjective 71-0X1;?. 4. Into 
 what eight classes are Pronouns divided? Give examples of 
 
44 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 each in the Dative Plural. 5. What is the Greek for the m 
 meral Three (cardinal), Third (ordinal), Thrice, One Third 
 6. Decline els ; rpets. 7. What is the Pluperfect Active of 
 aye//>a) 1 The Aorist Active of SiSco/xt 1 The Future Perfect Pas- 
 sive of /3Xa7TTco % How is the last formed 1 8. Give a synopsis 
 of the Second Perfect of Xei7reo. Inflect the Future Optative 
 Active of dyyeXAca, the Present Optative Passive of rificta, the 
 Present Subjunctive Active of didcofii. 9. Where is the form ?}s 
 from elfii made 1 Inflect the Second Aorist Middle of ri%u and 
 the Second Pluperfect of EIAQ. 10. Explain Attraction in Rela- 
 tive Sentences, and illustrate by example. 11. Mention any 
 constructions you remember in which the Dative may be used 
 to take the place of the Genitive or Accusative, with or without 
 Prepositions. 12. What cases can be used after the following 
 Prepositions : dp<f)i, dvd, did, npos, vrnp 1 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Give an example of the use of 
 the Imperfect Infinitive. 2. Explain with examples the use of 
 the Secondary Tenses of the Indicative in final clauses after tva, 
 as, etc. 3. The difference in meaning between ov p.f} and prj ov 1 
 Give examples of the correct use of each. 4. What Tense of 
 the Infinitive is regularly employed after peWeiv 1 What other 
 Tenses may take its place 1 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. What consonants are called mutes, and how are they 
 divided into smooth, middle, and rough ? When is a syllable 
 called pure ? 2. Accent the following Nouns : Bakao-o-av, 6aka<r- 
 trai, BaXaacroiv (from BaKaa-aa) ; alavos, alavcov (from alav) ) and the 
 following Verbs : efiovXevop, ftovkeuaxriv, \iireiv, \trre<rdai, Xmoiv. Give 
 the rule for the last three. 3. Decline the Adjective a|toy. 4. 
 Compare agios, noXvs, and pcyas. Give the rule for comparing agios. 
 5. Give the Genitive Singular (in all genders) of the following 
 pronouns : c-yco, avros, iiceivos, ovtos, ris, ris, os, and oaris. 6. Give 
 a synopsis of the Aorist Middle of fiov\eva>, and inflect the Op- 
 tative. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Middle of X«V<», 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 45 
 
 and inflect the Imperative. 7. Where are Xliraatv, \17rSxnv, 
 TuireUv, and \iirrja-otvro made? In what places is Srjkol found? 
 Where are urraurav, taraarBai, and Oeiro made, and from what 
 Verbs 1 Inflect the Present Imperative Passive of tarrj/u. 
 8. Translate tXaOep iavrop a-o^tos &p, and explain the use of the 
 Participle. Mention any other Verbs which take a Participle 
 in a similar way. 9. Which is more correct, (popovpai fir) IX601 or 
 cpoftovuai firj 'eKBrj 1 Give the reason for your answer. Translate 
 ovk av yevoiro tovto, and pr) yevoiTo tovto. Explain the construc- 
 tion in each. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate cpopovpat fir) tovto iroijj, 
 and cfrofiovfiai fxr) tovto iroiet, and explain the difference in mean- 
 ing. 2. Translate elirev oti tovto iroiol, elnev oti tovto noirjaeiep, 
 elnep oti tovto iroir)o'ot, and (firj&l tovto Troir)o-ai. Explain the 
 tense of 7roua> used in each. 3. What two meanings can ovk 
 fihu (from olba) o ti 7roir)o~eiep have ? Explain the use of the 
 Optative in each. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. What is Crasis ? Give the contracted forms of kcu Sp, koi 
 oTvop. 2. Decline eh. Accent j3e/3ovAeu/iei/off, toras, ibew. Give 
 the rules for the accentuation of these words. 3. Decline 
 Tpir)pr)s, Ix^vs. 4. Decline evyem, 7ro\vs. Compare o~o(p6s and 
 dkrjdrjs. 5. Decline ovtos and ovtos. 6. Give a synopsis of the 
 Aorist Passive of fiovXevco, and inflect the Subjunctive. Inflect 
 the Future Middle of dyyeXKco. 7. Inflect the Optative Passive 
 of tiug>. Mention all the places in which the form Tip,a<r6e is 
 found. 8. Translate ovBh av Trpa^atpJ av, S>v ov <ro\ cpiXov. Ex- 
 plain Trpaf-aipL and hv. 9. Translate rjXBev tva to. yeyevrjpeva 'Idol. 
 
 Explain the Optative. Ei eXBoi, tuvt av i'Soi : d r)XBe, tuvt av elbep. 
 Translate, and explain the difference. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ti fiov Xafiav eKTeivas 
 evBvs, tva TaiiTa pr)iroTe eVoi'770-a, and explain the construction of 
 iiroiriaa. ( 2. Translate cWe iiroUt, e'iBe noiol. 
 
46 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Explain the terms Contraction, Crasis, and Elision. Give an 
 example of Elision. 2. Accent the following words : OaXaa-aav, 
 Bakaararcu, 6aXaaacov, 6a\a(T<rais (from BaXaa-aa) ; d£i<p, d£ioi, and 
 d^Lcov (from a£ios) ', fiovXevot, fiovXevoprai, and /3ov\evotro. Give the 
 rules for the three verbs. 3. Decline the Noun Xeav and the 
 Participle lards. 4. Compare ^apiW, rjbvs, peyas, and 7roXvs. 
 5. Decline the Numeral eh and the Pronoun ovtos. 6. How do 
 you form the Future Passive and the Future Middle ? What is 
 the Future Active of dyyeXXo, and by what rule is it formed 1 ? 
 7. Inflect the Imperfect Passive of @ovXeva>, and the Imperfect 
 Active of dioafii. Give a synopsis of the Present Tense of dpi, 
 and inflect the Optative. 8. Where are the following verbs 
 made : fiovXevcrdTcd, fiovXevBeii], (3ovXevdr)T<o, and Syptv, yfiev, earai ? 
 9. How are the gender, number, and case of a Relative Pronoun 
 determined? Give an example. 10. Translate k£Uvai i£ Z*v 
 exopev, and explain the case of the Relative. Translate avv fj 
 i'xeis bwdiici, and explain the position of dwdfxei and the case of 
 $. 11. Explain the Genitive and the Accusative Absolute, and 
 give an example of each. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the division of tenses 
 into primary and secondary. How is the construction of a de- 
 pendent sentence affected by this principle % 2. What time is 
 denoted by the Aorist Infinitive 1 Give examples, using iXdeiv. 
 
 3. Translate etnev oti tovto noiol, elnev on tovto iroifjcreiev, and 
 emeu on tovto Troirjo-oi, and explain the difference in meaning. 
 
 4. Describe the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic. What are the four 
 feet of two syllables 1 
 
 X. 
 
 1. Accent the following words, and give the rules for the ac- 
 centuation you adopt : — tl$cls, (fxiyeiv, Xafiov, lotclvto, irpoa-eixov, (3i). 
 2. Decline 'Ep/jieas, vyo-os, vea>s, Kepas, TlepiKXerjs. 3. Give the Ac- 
 cusative of Ix^vs, vavs, (3ovs, yiyas, ^axpaTijs, fiao-iXcvs. 4. Decline 
 ijavxos, deucvvs, idpis. 5. Compare KaXos, pea-os, pucpos, irpeo~(3vs. 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 47 
 
 6. Decline av, 8s. 7. Give the ordinals from one to ten inclu- 
 sive. Decline ovo. 8. Give the synopsis of the Second Perfect 
 of XetW. Inflect the Second Aorist Active and the Second Ao- 
 rist Passive of the same verb. 9. Give the Perfect of ofipvpi. 
 Explain the Augment. Give the Pluperfect of 7repiypa(pa>. 10. 
 Inflect the Present Optative, Active, and Passive of drjXS). 11. 
 What is the construction after verbs of accusing 1 After verbs 
 of taking away 1 After verbs denoting fulness and want 1 12. 
 Translate ideXa> xprprBai ots e'xeis, and explain the construction of 
 
 T 
 
 OlS. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. When do the Present and Aorist 
 Infinitive retain their time 1 What is the rule for the time of 
 Participles 1 2. How is an indefinite general relative sentence 
 expressed after primary and after secondary tenses'? 3. How do 
 you express a wish referring to the Past 1 To the Present 1 To 
 the Future? 4. In what case do you put the object after verbals? 
 How do you express the agent after the same class of words 1 
 
 XI. 
 
 1. What consonants are called liquids 1 What are the mutes, 
 and how are they divided into smooth, middle, and rough 
 mutes ? 2. Explain the following euphonic changes : that of 
 the root Xey- in ikexfyv and XeXeKTat, that of the root Xewr- in 
 \e\eififxai and eXeicpBrjv, and that of TTciO- in 7reVeio>iai. 3. Accent 
 the following words : yvcoprjv, yvafim, yvufia>v (from yvoifirj) ; iroXeoos 
 and 7roXeis (from 7roXt?) ; ovtivos and ova-nvas (from Boris) ; and 
 /SouXevet, /SouXfuot, and fiovXevcafiai (from /3ovXei'aj). Give the rules 
 for the three verbs. 4. Decline the Nouns o6%a and npayfia, and 
 the Pronouns eya> and ovtos. Give the Accusative Singular and 
 the Accusative Plural of the Relative os. 5. Inflect the Future 
 Indicative Active and the Aorist Subjunctive Active of fiovXeva). 
 Give a synopsis of the Indicative Passive of fiovXevo*, and inflect 
 the Aorist. 6. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Passive of 
 Xcina, and inflect the Subjunctive. 7. Give a synopsis of the 
 
48 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Second Aorist Active of diSapi, and inflect the Indicative and 
 Subjunctive. 8. In what voice, mood, and tense are the follow- 
 ing verbs : e'Oeaav, laravai, town, Uvat, and jffcaavl 9. How does 
 the Enclitic rh differ from rlsl Translate aKoveis n; and ri 
 dicoveis ', what is the difference between ^ avrfj noXis, — avrri f) 
 noXis, — and avrrj fj noXis 1 10. Explain the distinction between 
 Primary and Secondary Tenses. Explain the terms protasis and 
 apodosis, and give an example of each. 11. What are the 
 Spondee, the Trochee, the Iambus, the Dactyl, and the Ana- 
 pest I What is the composition of Dactylic Hexameter (He- 
 roic), and that of the Elegiac Pentameter 1 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate elirov on eXQoi, — el eXdoi, 
 iSot av tovto, — and ottots e\0oi, tovto enoUt. Explain the time 
 to which IkOoi refers in each case. 2. When are iva, on-eos, &c, 
 followed by the Subjunctive, when by the Optative, and when 
 by the past tenses of the Indicative 1 After what class of verbs 
 is onas with the Future Indicative most frequently used 1 
 3. Describe the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic, stating all the 
 substitutions allowed, and showing how the Comic Trimeter 
 differs from the Tragic. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. Divide the consonants of the Greek alphabet into labials, 
 Unguals, and palatals. What change does v undergo when it 
 precedes a labial, lingual, or liquid 1 ? 2. Accent the following 
 words, and give the rule for each : Xeyovrai, Tiprjo-ai, oIkol, ovs from 
 ovas. 3. Decline the Nouns olnia, vea>s, and aarv, and the Pro- 
 nouns ey<b and oorts. 4. Give the synopsis of the Aorist Passive 
 of fiovXeva in all the Moods, and inflect the Participle. Inflect 
 the Perfect Imperative Passive. 5. Give a synopsis of the 
 Second Aorist Passive of XeiVo), and inflect the Subjunctive. 
 6. Inflect the Present Optative Passive of ti/j.5), iot^/u, and 
 Sidoofxi. 7. Give a synopsis of the Present of ridi/pi, and inflect 
 the Second Aorist Subjunctive Active. 8. Explain the apparent 
 irregularity in the syntax of the following sentences : irdpeifu 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 49 
 
 eya Kai ovtos, ravra eyevero, to crrpdrevpa paypvrai. 9. Translate 
 01 ayaSoi avBpoiivoi, ayaOoi oi avOpoanoi, and oi dya6o\ to>v dv6pd)7ra>v, 
 and explain the Genitive. 10. Translate nepneL tovs dv0pd>- 
 novs and nepnef. tS>v dv6pa>iraiv, fiovkevcov nparai, and 6 fiovhevcop 
 Tipdrai. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate el errpage kqXcos e<rx €V 
 
 and el enpage KaXcbs av eV^ei/. Translate el ir parrel KaXeos e^et and 
 eav irpdrrr] Ka\a>s '^X ei ' ^. Translate <po(3ovpai prj yiyverai and 
 
 (pofiovpai pq ov yiyvrjrai. If the leading verb in these cases were 
 secondary, what would be the form of the dependent verbs % 
 3. Give examples of the use of the Infinitive in Indirect Quota- 
 tion to express an action which is past, present, or future with 
 respect to the leading verb. 
 
 XIII. 
 1. Write more correctly ear onus, — an ov, — ovk ipets, and 
 explain the principle. What is iV movable ? — give an ex- 
 ample of its use. 2. Explain the terms oxytone, barytone, peri- 
 spomenon. Give the general rule for the accent of Nouns. 
 Accent povarjs, povo-av, povacov, povcrai, povaais* 3. Decline the 
 Substantive AeW, and the Adjective d\rj6f]s. Compare agios, 
 dyados, kukos, and peyas. 4. Decline eyd>, and the Numeral eh. 
 
 5. Give a synopsis (through all the moods) of the Aorist Passive 
 of fiov\eva>, and inflect the Optative. Give a synopsis of the 
 Second Aorist Middle of ri6r)pi, and inflect the Imperative. 
 
 6. Give the voice, mood, and tense of XiTrcoo-iv, XmSxriv, fiovXevaai, 
 and PovKevo-ai. 7. Give the rule for the formation of the Per- 
 fect Passive, the Future Passive, and the Future Active. What 
 is the Future Active of pevca and of dyyeWe* 1 8. What are the 
 two kinds of Augment, and when is each used? Give an ex- 
 ample of each. What is the ordinary Reduplication, and what 
 is the Attic Reduplication 1 9. Inflect the Imperative Active of 
 ripdo), giving both the uncontracted and the contracted forms. 
 Inflect the Present Indicative Active of 7rXeco in the same way. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the three uses of the 
 * From povaa. 
 
50 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Present Infinitive, and the two uses of the Aorist Infinitive ; and 
 give an example of each, using noLelv and noi^aai. 2. How 
 many meanings can e<pr] noielv av tovto and tcprj noirja-at av tovto 
 have 1 Explain each use of the Infinitive. 3. Show the differ- 
 ence between a final clause and an object clause after onus, and 
 give examples. 4. In what cases is the Subjunctive used in 
 Protasis, and what is the corresponding construction in Relative 
 Sentences 1 Give an example of each. 5. Translate etncv on 
 tovto 7roioir), — dnev oti tovto noirjcreiev, — finev oti tovto 7toitj- 
 aot, — elirep oti tovto noiTjaeiev av, and explain each tense of 
 the Optative. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. Decline the Nouns yv&tir) and ret^os. Explain the change 
 of accent where it is not the same as in the Nominative Singular. 
 2. Decline the Adjective agios in the Singular. Compare fi8vs f 
 7ro\vs, and x a P" ls - 3. Decline the Pronouns eya> and ovtos. 
 4. Give the principal parts of dicova, XapPdva, and dnoypdcpa. 
 Inflect the Aorist Indicative Middle of /3ouXeuo>, and give a 
 synopsis of that tense through all the moods. 5. Give a 
 synopsis of the tenses of the Indicative Active of lo-r^/ii (in the 
 first person). Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Active of 
 bldcofii, and inflect the Optative. 6. Inflect the Perfect Indicative 
 Passive \e\eippai (from XeiVco), and explain the euphonic changes 
 which the root Xewr- undergoes in that tense. 7. What is the 
 difference between 6 avrds dvrjp and 6 dvrjp ai)Tos 1 8. In the 
 phrase ck tovtcov hv Xe'yet, explain the case of hv, and give the 
 rule. 9. What are Enclitics, and what are Proclitics? Give 
 examples of each in connection with other words. 10. What 
 are the feet consisting of two syllables ? Give the quantity of 
 each. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. To what time does the Aorist 
 Optative refer in each of its uses % Give an example of each, 
 using noiea. 2. Give the general rule for indirect quotation 
 after oti or cos, and examples. 3. Translate el PovXoito, tovt 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 51 
 
 eiroiei, and el fioiiXoiro, tovt av iroioirj, and explain the two uses 
 of the Optative. 4. Which is more correct, fi^ rovro iroL^arjs 
 or fifj rovro voir) gov] Explain the reason, and give the rule for 
 Prohibitions, 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. Write more correctly «m ol, ovras o-cpobpa, ireirkeKjiai, evcpa- 
 vtjs. What are tvx^v, hUr), ye, called with respect to accent? 
 2. Write the Genitive and Accusative Singular of the nouns 
 Xap<*, S6ga, TeXavrjs, Gas. Decline fiaaiXevs in the Singular, and 
 reixos in the Plural number. 3. Write the Dative Singular and 
 Plural of the Adjective x a P ieLS an( ^ °f ^ ne Participle bibovs in all 
 genders. Compare the Adjectives iroKvs, crepvos, raxvs. 4. De- 
 cline ovtos and the interrogative tLs. 5. Inflect the Future 
 Middle Indicative of ayyeKku, and the Imperative Active of 
 Tifxdoi. 6. Give a synopsis (through all the moods) of the Second 
 Aorist Active of mjtij/u, of the Present Middle of rt%u, and the 
 Perfect Passive of fiovXeva. 7. State the tense, mood, voice, and 
 Present Indicative of the following verbal forms, yevoto, o-r^o-at, 
 Wero, fiovkevaov, ecpikei. 8. Translate rfjv avrrjv yvafirjv (opinion) 
 tjfiiu exova-iv, and explain the case of fiplv. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ihv pov\r)Tai, notcl tovto, 
 and eav (3ov\t]tcu, 7roir)(r€i tovto, and explain the two uses of the 
 Subjunctive. 2. Translate <paa\p focis i\de?v, and KeXevovo-iv fjpas 
 eXdelv, and explain the two uses of the Infinitive. 3. What is 
 the rule for mood and tense in indirect quotations with on or 
 as after verbs of saying. Give examples. 4. How is a purpose 
 expressed in Greek, and how a result 1 Give examples. 
 
 XYI. 
 
 1. Explain the form of the preposition in e</>' v/xiv. What 
 must be the quantity of the a in o-5>pa, and why % When is a 
 word called barytone 1 Accent x a P as as Genitive Singular 
 and as Accusative Plural from x a P<*- 2. Write the Genitive 
 and Accusative Singular of the Nouns Ma, fiovo-a, and the 
 
52 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Genitive and Vocative Singular of crrpaTiayrrjs. Decline Ix&vs in 
 the Singular and veas in the Plural number. 3. Decline the 
 Adjectives d\r)6fjs, fjdicav. Compare [wcpos, pe\as, <ro<f)6s. 4. De- 
 cline av, ovtos, and the Masculine Singular of Boris. 5. Give a 
 synopsis of the Future Active of fxevco, of the Second Aorist 
 Active of rtdg/u, and of the Present Middle of dl8a>pi. 6. Inflect 
 the Imperfect Middle of ^tXe'o>, and the Aorist Middls Indicative 
 of fiovXeva). 7. State the tense, mood, voice, and Present In- 
 dicative First Singular of the following verbal forms : \urS>, vopia>, 
 
 erv^co, eoTG>. 8. Translate rqv avrrjv yvoaprjv (opinion) rjyuv e^ou- 
 
 <nv, and explain the case of rjplv. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. When is the subject of the In- 
 finitive Mood regularly omitted 1 When does the Aorist Infini- 
 tive refer to past time relatively 1 When does on or as take 
 the Optative Mood] — give examples. 2. By what mood and 
 tense is a supposition referring to past time, and represented 
 as contrary to fact, expressed ? Give an example. 3. Trans- 
 late rjkOsv tva Utj. What might be substituted for Idy, and 
 which would be the more regular form 1 ? 
 
 XYIL 
 
 1. Define an Enclitic. Give the Enclitics which you remem- 
 ber. State the quantity of the a in the following words, and 
 give the rules : h6£a (Norn. Sing.), dugas (Ace), i\m8as. What 
 must be the quantity of the a in aeopa, and why 1 2. Decline 
 the Norms wpaypa, x™P a > ytyi ve ^ t in the Singular, and Tpirjprjs, 
 aorv, in the Plural. What exceptions to the usual rules for 
 Accent occur among the forms here required 1 3. Decline the 
 Pronouns ovtos and oo-tls. Decline in the Singular the Parti- 
 ciple (BefiovXevKois and the Adjective yXvKvs. Compare yXvicvs and 
 rjdvs, and decline the Comparative of the latter in the Plural. 
 4. Inflect the Imperfect Active and the Present Optative Middle 
 of Tipaoo, wTiting both uncontracted and contracted forms. Give 
 synopses of the Aorist Active, Middle, and Passive of /3ovX«5a> 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 63 
 
 through all the moods. 5. Where are dyyikw, eorto, <rra>, iXvarco, 
 )<r)<p0<o, formed (i. e. teuse, mood, voice), and from what verbs 1 
 Inflect the first and the last. 6. Translate r) avrr) ywr], — avrrj 
 f) ywr), — 17 ywri avrr), writing the Greek with the English. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ecf)r) tovto noirjcrcu, and 
 e<fir) tovto TToirja-civ. Substitute clnev oti for ecf)T], and make the 
 requisite changes in noirjo-ai and noirjaeiv. 2. Translate oo-tis av 
 t^Brj, o-^rerai, — oo-rts q\0ev, eldev av. To what kind of sentences 
 are these relative clauses analogous ] Explain the two uses of 
 the adverb av illustrated above. 3. How is a Purpose expressed 
 in Greek] How a Wish referring to Future Time] How a 
 Prohibition in the Second Person 1 ? 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. Write more correctly Bdxxos, TeTpififiat, vvkt oKtjv, ovtg>$ i^rja-i 
 W^hat is Crasis ? Give an example. Mark the quantity of the 
 final syllables in the following words : 86ga (Nom. Sing.), 86ga 
 (Nom. Dual), Kpnds (Ace. PL), \ip.ivas (Ace. PL), Xva-as (Part.). 
 2. Decline the Nouns Ilepo-qs, ttoKis, relxos, Kepas, in the Singular, 
 and /3uortXet5y, dv&yeajv, in the Plural. 3. Decline the Pronouns 
 ov (?) and t\s. Decline the Numeral eh, and in the Plural the 
 Adjectives nds and irpdos. What exceptions to the regular rules 
 for Accent occur among the forms here required ] 4. Compare 
 vdxfrpuv, rdXas, dyaSos, and decline one of the Comparatives of 
 the last in the Plural. 5. Inflect the Present Optative Active 
 of rtpda, and the Imperfect Middle of 8id<opi. Give synopses 
 of the Future Middle of kt«Vg>, and of the Second Aorist Ac- 
 tive of Tidrjfii through all the moods. 6. Where are XtVoj, Xmj-gj, 
 eXco, eXa, Uplva, formed (i. e. tense, mood, voice), and from what 
 verbs ] Give synopses of the first and last. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate eqbrj ku\5>s av iipd^ai in 
 two ways, showing what two forms in Direct Discourse are here 
 represented. 2. Translate X«'y« idv 8d|i/ aur<3, — Xe|« edv So^y 
 av™, and explain the two uses of the Subjunctive. 3. Trans- 
 
 
54 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 late Saris eldev, exaprj ap, and explain the meaning of the relative 
 sentence. What would be the meaning, if the verbs were 
 changed to the Optative of the same tense 1 What negative 
 particle would be proper with the first verb 1 Describe two 
 classes of Relative Sentences. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. Give an example of Elision. In what words does the ac* 
 cent of the elided vowel disappear with the vowel 1 What is 
 the word rs called with respect to accent 1 ? Give the other 
 words of the same sort. Write twos after dvdpoanov with the 
 accents properly disposed. Write re after o-a>pa. 2. Decline 
 noXis, 2Kvdrjs, oiKia, do-reov in the Singular, and o-vkov, ve<bs, 6d>s, 
 TpitjpTjs in the Dual and Plural. Give the Genitive, Dative, and 
 Accusative in all genders and numbers of agios, yXvKvs, of the 
 Present Active Participle of to-r^/m, and of the Perfect Active 
 Participle of (3ov\eva> (or nava). 3. Compare o~o<fios, rakas, akrjdrjs, 
 iroXvs. Decline the Comparative of peyas. Form an adverb from 
 fjbvs, and compare it. Decline o~u in the Dual and Plural and 
 ovtos in the Singular. Give the Cardinal Numerals as far as 
 twelve. 4. Give synopses (through all the moods) of the Aorist 
 Middle and Aorist Passive of fiovXevco (or nava), and inflect the 
 Imperative. Give synopses of the Perfect Passive of 7tX6kg> and 
 the Present Active of dldapi. Inflect the Perfect Passive Indic- 
 ative of 7rXe*G> and the Imperfect Passive of ripda. 5. Where 
 are peva, eVauo-co, XnrS), ora, ia>, and idiSco formed (i. e. tense, 
 mood, voice), and from what verbs] 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. What is the construction in 
 Object Clauses after verbs of striving ? How do such clauses 
 differ from Pure Final Clauses ] What is a General Supposition 1 
 How are General Suppositions expressed 1 How are Prohibitions 
 in the Second and Third Persons expressed in Greek] Trans- 
 late e<pT) 8a>oeiv ei dvvairo, and state what form the last three 
 words would have in the Direct Discourse. 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 55 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. Give an example of Crasis. When does Iota become sub- 
 script in Crasis 1 Write re after Kepas with the accents properly 
 disposed. Write elpi after Kvpos. What is as called with re- 
 spect to accent 1 2. Decline (3ao~ikevs, deanoTrjs, x^P a > K *p a s in the 
 Singular, and dvd>yecov, lx&vs, aorv in the Dual and Plural. Give 
 the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative, in all genders and numbers, 
 of x a P^ an d dXr]6fjs, of the Second Aorist Active Participle of 
 didoofjLt, and of the Perfect Active Participle of (3ov\ev<o (or navco). 
 3. Compare agios, peXas, o~<a(ppa>v, peyas. Decline the Comparative 
 of f)dvs. Form an adverb from raxvs, and compare it. Decline 
 iya>, oo-tis, ovtos in the Dual and Plural. 4. Give synopses 
 (through all the moods) of the Aorist Middle of #ouXevo> and 
 the Present Passive of Tipda and tor^i. Inflect the Future 
 Optative Active of ayyeAAo) and the Perfect Passive Indicative 
 of Tpi(3a>. 5. Where are etfieo, eo-ra), eVaiJcra), ion, \ina>, \ur£>, eripS), 
 and eSt'Sw formed (i. e. tense, mood, voice), and from what verbs'? 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate el tovto noieiv Swarm, 
 iroiei, and eav tovto noieiv Bvvrjrai, notel, and explain the two sorts 
 of Conditional Sentences. How would the latter be written if 
 iroiei were changed to inoUi 1 Describe two classes of Relative 
 Sentences. 2. What is the construction in Greek after verbs of 
 fearing ? after verbs of hindering ? Give the general rule for 
 the Indirect Quotation of compound sentences after on or as. 
 Translate x a ^ e7rov evpciv and (prjo-lu evpelv, and explain the two 
 distinct uses of the Infinitive. 
 
 XXL 
 
 1. Decline KpiTrjs, noXis, and the Singular of vrjo-os. Explain 
 the accent of the Nominative and Genitive Singular and the 
 Nominative Plural of prjo-os. 2. Decline the Adjective xpvo-eos 
 in the Singular of all genders, and nas in the Plural. Compare 
 roobos, rjdvs, and piyas; and the Adverb o~o(p£>s. 3. Decline the 
 
 3 D 
 
56 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Pronouns eyd> and crv in the Plural, — ov in all numbers, and 
 ovtos in the Plural. Explain the accent of otde and oiotmtc 
 4. Give a synopsis of the Future and Aorist Middle of fiov\eva> 
 (in all the moods), and inflect the Optative of each. Give a 
 synopsis of the Second Aorist Passive of Xei7ra>, and inflect the 
 Subjunctive. Inflect the Perfect Passive Indicative of XefVco, 
 and explain the euphonic changes. 5. Give a synopsis of the 
 Second Aorist Active of di&o/M, and of the Second Aorist 
 Middle of TiOrjpi, and inflect the Indicative of each. 6. Trans- 
 late €< tcov 7roXfcov fov irvyxavev e'xa>v, and explain the case of hv 
 and the construction of ex (OV - 7. Give rules for the position 
 of the Article, (1) with a noun and an adjective, (2) with a 
 noun and a demonstrative pronoun, (3) with avros. Give an 
 example of each, and translate it. 8. Give the names and mark 
 the quantity of the feet of two syllables. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1 . Explain the ordinary difference 
 between the Subjunctive and the Future Indicative after oVco?, 
 and give an example of each. 2. Translate el bvvairo, tovto 
 e7ro/e4, and el dvvairo, tovt av voio'it), and explain the two uses of 
 the Optative. Explain the two corresponding uses of the Sub- 
 junctive, • and give examples. 3. What various constructions 
 follow nplv 1 give examples. Is tovto 7roif)o-a> irp\v av eXdco or 
 tovto iroir)o-<o irpiv ikOeiv more correct 1 — and why ? 
 
 XXII. 
 
 I. What consonants are called liquids ? How are mutes 
 divided into labial, palatal, and lingual mutes'? 2. Form the 
 Future of rpipa, ypdcpco, and neiOa, and explain the euphonic 
 changes which are made before the ending -<ra>. 3. Inflect the 
 Perfect Passive (reTpififiai) of rplpa, and explain the euphonic 
 changes made in adding the endings -pat, -crai, -rat, -aBov, and 
 -o-Be to the stem t/h/3-. 4. Decline the Nouns irokvn\s and vijaos 
 in the Singular, and Xecov and fiao-ikevs in the Dual and Plural. 
 Give the Accusative Singular of epcs, iXms, nokis, and vavs] and 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 57 
 
 give a rule for each case. 5. Decline the Pronouns av and Bans. 
 6. Give a synopsis (through all the moods and participles) of 
 the Future Passive of Xva> (or (3ov\eva>). Give a synopsis of 
 the Second Aorist Middle of XetW, and inflect the Indicative 
 and Imperative. 7. Give a synopsis of the Second Aorist Mid- 
 dle of Ti0T)iJLt, and inflect the Optative. Give the Principal Parts 
 of lorij/ii and blScofii. 8. What is the difference between the use 
 of the Article in Attic Greek and in Homer 1 Give a rule for 
 the position of the article with adjectives and with demonstrative 
 pronouns, and give an example of each. 9. Which tenses of the 
 Indicative are primary ? and which are secondary (or historical)^ 
 How does this distinction often affect the mood of a dependent 
 verb 1 10. What is the difference between the Imperfect and Ao- 
 rist Indicative? and between the Present and Aorist Subjunctive? 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the principle of Indirect 
 Quotations, as regards both the leading and the dependent verbs. 
 When can the Subjunctive be used in Indirect Questions in 
 Greek 1 Give an example. 2. Explain the analogy between 
 relative sentences and conditional sentences, and give examples. 
 3. What form of the Infinitive construction can follow verbs 
 denoting hindrance or prevention (like etpyco, to prevent) % Give 
 examples. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 1. Correct the form yeypacfrpai, and form the Second and Third 
 Persons Singular of it. Perform the operations of Crasis and 
 Elision on the words pfjre 6 dpfo. 2. Decline in the Singular 
 tfoXuo-o-a, deo-noTrjs, 6pi%, and &m>, and in the Plural rpirjpijs. 
 3. Decline the Pronouns <ru in all numbers, ovtos and Sans in 
 the Singular. Decline fjdvs in the Plural. Compare <ro<fi6s, peXas, 
 kokos, and pqSios. 4. Inflect the Aorist Subjunctive Passive of 
 Tipaa), the Present Indicative of etpi, the Second Perfect otda in 
 the Indicative. 5. Write the Perfect of ukovv, the Future and 
 Aorist of didiopt, the Second Aorist of cKpavOaw and of anoBvr]- 
 o-Ka>, — all in the Active Voice, 6. How do 6 dvfjp dyaQos and 
 
58 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 6 dyados dvrjp differ in meaning 1 How is a "Wish referring to 
 future time expressed ? 7. Write out the scheme of the Dac- 
 tylic Hexameter Verse. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. What is the difference in mean- 
 ing between efiao-iXevov and epaaiXcvo-a 1 Give the different con- 
 structions in use after tva in Final Clauses. How do Final and 
 Object Clauses differ in meaning 1 2. How do « rivas tSot, ovdev 
 av ei7rot and ei nvas 1801, ovdev eXeyev differ in sense and grammar ] 
 What form of Direct Discourse is represented by eXeyev on 
 ypdyjseiev 1 How do you express a Wish referring to past time 1 
 Write out the scheme of the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic. 
 
 XXIY. 
 
 1. Explain Elision and Crasis; give examples in Art erepa and 
 Ka\ avros. 2. What are Enclitics 1 Correct the accent of ovtos 
 io-riv, Ttfiai re, Tifi5>v re, tovtov ye. 3. Decline the Nouns vtjo-os, 
 Xeav, and fiao-iXevs throughout, and dvtjp in the Singular. 4. De- 
 cline the Adjective yXvicvs. Compare a-epvos, 6£vs, and dXt]8r)s. 
 5. Give the synopsis of the Future Passive of Xva> (or PovXevoa) 
 through all the moods, and inflect the Indicative. Inflect the 
 Present Indicative Passive of BrjXdoi (in the contract form). In 
 what places in this verb is the form S^Xo? found 1 6. Give the 
 synopsis of the Second Aorist Middle of riOrjfu in all the moods, 
 and inflect the Optative. Inflect the Imperfect of dpi (to go). 
 7. State briefly the distinction in the uses of the adverb av. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the analogy between the 
 expression of a Wish and of a Condition. What are the con- 
 structions which may follow expressions denoting hindrance ? 
 What are the two uses of an Aorist Infinitive 1 Translate 
 u He does this whenever he pleases," and " He did this when- 
 ever he pleased." 2. What are the differences between the 
 Homeric use of the Article and the Attic use 1 3. What varie- 
 ties of verse are measured by Dipodies? Explain the substi- 
 tutions in the Iambic Dipody. How does the Trochaic Dipody 
 differ from this 1 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 59 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. Write down the smooth mutes; the labial mutes. Per- 
 form Crasis and Elision on ^re 6 dvrjp. 2. Form the Accusative 
 Plural of Tifir], Vocative Singular of ttoXIttjs, entire Singular 
 uncontracted and contracted of oareov, Singular in all cases of 
 /WiAevs-, Nominative Plural and Genitive Plural of aa/xa and 
 •jrokis. 3. Decline a\r]6r}s in the Singular. Compare dya66s and 
 K<o(j)6s. Decline <rv in all its numbers, and oans in Masculine 
 Singular. 4. Form the Second Person Singular, Aorist Impera- 
 tive Middle of povXevco. Form the First Person Singular of 
 Xvo> in Aorist Optative Passive, of (pevya in Second Aorist Sub- 
 junctive Active, of XetVco in 2d Aorist Indie. Middle. Form the 
 Second Person Singular of TtBrjfu in Second Aorist Indicative 
 Middle. Inflect elfii (I go) in the Present Indicative. Write 
 out the Principal Parts of yiyvao-Kto and ticbidoofxi. 5. How is 
 the Article used in Homer 1 What is the difference between 
 Kakbs 6 reals and <5 koKos ttcus 1 "Socpwrepos ianv fj iya> ) express 
 this by changing ey&> into an oblique case. What constructions 
 are used in Final Clauses 1 How do you express a General 
 Supposition in present and in past time 1 ? What is a Dactyl, 
 an Iambus, a Trochee, an Anapaest 1 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Explain the use of tva with 
 the past tenses of the Indicative. Explain the Accusative in 
 fxdxrjv vikov. Express " that man " in Greek prose. What con- 
 structions are allowed with verbals in -rios, -rtov 1 What tenses 
 and moods are used to express Prohibition 1 Write out the 
 echeme of the Iambic Trimeter Acatalectic both of Tragedy 
 and of Comedy, naming the feet employed. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 1. State the general principle for the Accent of Verbs, with 
 such exceptions as you remember. 2. Decline the Nouns Mova-a, 
 TeTxos, and Ovydrrip ; the Singular of (pXfy, and the Plural of 
 
60 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 AeW. 3. Decline the Pronouns av and r\s, and the Numeral els. 
 4. Compare raxvs, alaxpds, and kokos, and decline one of the 
 Comparatives of the last in the Plural. 5. Inflect the Present 
 Optative Middle of Tipda, and the Imperfect Middle of Tidrjpi. 
 Give a synopsis of the Present Active of drjXoco, aud of the 
 Aorist Passive of lorqpi. 6. If in the sentence epxerai tva rx]v 
 7rokiv 18?) the first verb should be changed to rfkQev, how would 
 you construct the dependent verb 1 7. Translate into Greek 
 the following : / saw those who were present, and I say that I 
 have seen them. 
 
 Sophomore Questions. — 1. Translate ecprj Ka\S>s av npdgai in 
 two ways, showing what two forms in Direct Discourse are rep- 
 resented. 2. Translate Sorts eldev, exdprj ""> an d explain the 
 meaning of the relative sentence. What negative particle 
 would be proper with the first verb 1 3. Under what circum- 
 stances is a secondary tense of the Indicative used in a Final 
 Clause after faa % 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 I. Give the accusative, singular and plural, of Mova-a. olnia, 
 X<*>pa, and Ti\ii). Decline vrja-os in the singular, and \eav in the 
 plural. 2. Decline the adjective y\v<vs in the singula?*, and 
 peyas in the plural. Compare novcpos, 6£vs : dX^s, and fjovs. 3. 
 How is the Future Indicative Active of a liquid verb formed 1 
 Give an example, and inflect it through all the numbers and 
 persons. 4. Give the principal parts of ypdcpa>, \apf3dva>, and 
 <pepa>. 5. Inflect the Imperfect Active of tarrifu t and the 2d 
 Aorist Optative Active of rl6i)pi. 6. What is a stem in grammar 1 
 In \e\eipfiai and in ipplcpOat, point out the stem and the other 
 parts of each word ; also explain all the euphonic changes made 
 in any of the parts. 7. Translate 7ro\\ol rav ftovXnue'vcov elvm 
 aocpaiv, and explain the case of aocpoav. Translate 6 epos tov raXai- 
 iraipov /3toy, and explain the genitive. Explain the Accusative in 
 •nkqyrjv rvirrei. 8. Translate lav ty vvv, nore corai oikoi, and ijv 
 
GREEK GRAMMAR. 61 
 
 tyyvs cXdrj Bdvaros, ovdels (SovXerai Ovrjaiceiv, and explain the sub- 
 junctive ill each case. Translate cpr^o-h iXddv and ftovXeTai eXdeiv, 
 and explain the tense of iXBelv in each. 9. What is a trochee, a 
 tribrach, an anapaest, a cretic ? Explain the terms catalectic, 
 dipody, dimeter. How many feet are there in a trochaic dime- 
 ter, and how many in a dactylic dimeter'? 10. Why is rjXBev tva 
 Idrj more correct than epxerai tva i'Soi 1 How is t8y to be ex- 
 plained ] Translate into Greek : the?/ took care (eVt/xeAeo^icu) that 
 this should be done (yiyvofiai), and explain the construction used 
 in the dependent clause. 11. What is the difference between 
 XPV P (T€ tovto iroielv and x?h °~ € t °vto Tcoielvl Express in Greek : 
 that this had ha]?pened, that this might happen, and that 
 this were true ; and explain the verbal form used in each case. 
 1 2. What is an anapcestic dimeter acatalectic, — an anapaestic 
 tetrameter catalectic, — an anapaestic system ? What is an elegiac 
 distich ? 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 1. Decline the nouns vrjo-os in the Singular, Xecov in the Dual 
 and Plural, and fiaaiXevs in all numbers. Explain the accent of 
 vrjo-os and Xea>v wherever it varies from that of the Nominative 
 Singular. 2. Decline the Pronouns uv in all numbers and ooris 
 in the Plural. Explain the accents of the Genitive and Dative 
 Plural of Sans. 3. In what two principal ways are adjectives 
 compared by change of termination 1 Give examples of each. 
 Compare kokos, dyados, dXrjOrjs, and jxiyas. 4. Give the principal 
 parts of nXeKco, Xanfidva, didcofxi, and lorrjfxi. 5. Inflect the Aorist 
 Optative Passive of \va>, the Aorist Imperative Passive of Xva,* 
 the Imperfect Passive of to-r^t, and the Second Aorist Optative 
 Middle of TiTfy/xt. 6. Explain the euphonic changes which occur 
 
 in the following forms : — Xvovai, XeXei/jifxai (Xenr-), dovs (Bow-), vvg 
 (vvkt-), -ireTreiKa (irciB-), redvica (0v-), ireOrjv (6e-). 7. When any 
 forms of the substantive pronoun of the Third Person (ov, ol, 
 acpiov, &c.) are used in Attic prose, what is their peculiar force] 
 
G2 EXAMINATION PAPEES. 
 
 Give an example. 8. Give examples containing the correct 
 use of the Genitive Absolute and of the Accusative Absolute. 
 When is the latter regularly used 1 9. Translate into Greek : 
 If these had been good men, they would not have suffered (7rao-x<a), 
 and explain the construction used. 10. What is a trochee, a 
 spondee, an iambus, and an anapaest 1 What is ccesura in verse, 
 and where does this generally occur in the heroic hexameter ? 
 11. How are object clauses with one*? after verbs like aKonca) dis- 
 tinguished, in construction and in meaning, from final clauses ? 
 Give an example of each. When do final clauses admit the 
 Indicative 1 ? 12. Distinguish the Infinitive in Indirect Dis- 
 course from its use in other constructions. Show, by an exam- 
 ple, how the Imperfect is expressed in the Infinitive. What 
 two meanings can e(prj tovto av 7roirj<rai have] Explain the prin- 
 ciple in each case. 13. What is the difference between an 
 Iambic Dipody and an Iambic Dimeter? What substitutions 
 for the Iambus are allowed in an Iambic Dipody 1 what for the 
 Trochee in a Trochaic Dipody 1 Explain an Anapaestic System. 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 63 
 
 LATIN COMPOSITION. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Demaratus, the father of King Tarquin, 1 fled 2 from 
 Corinth to Tarquinii. 
 
 1. Tarquinius. 2. Fugio, fug ere. 
 
 2. I do not think 1 that immortality 2 is to be despised 3 
 by a mortal. 4 
 
 1. Arbitror, arbitrari. 2. Immortalitas. 3. Contemno, 
 contemnere. 4. Mortcdis, -e. 
 
 3. Theophrastus is 1 said to have accused 2 Nature, be- 
 cause 3 she had given a long life to crows, 4 and so 5 short 6 a 
 life to men. 
 
 1. Dico, dicere. 2. Accuso, accusare. 3. Quod. 4. Cor- 
 nix. 5. Tarn. 6. Fxiguus. 
 
 4. Ignorance 1 of future 2 evils 3 is more useful 4 than 
 knowledge 5 [of them 6 ]. 
 
 1. Ignoratio. 2. Futurus. 3. Malum. 4. Utilis. 
 5. Scientia. 6. Omit. 
 
 15. Do you not know a what 2 sort of men you charge 3 
 th crime ? 4 
 1. Intelligo. 2. What sort of =zqualis. 3. Arguo,arguere. 
 Scelus. 
 6. If death x were feared, 2 Brutus would not have fallen 3 
 battle, 4 and the Decii would not have exposed 5 them- 
 selves to the weapons 6 of the enemy. 
 
 1. Mors. 2. Timeo, timer e. 3. Concido, concidere. 
 4. Prcelium. 5. Objicio, objicere. 6. Telum. 
 
64 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Pompey was the first Eoman who subdued 1 the Jews. 2 
 By right 3 of conquest 4 he entered 5 their Temple. 
 
 1. Devinco, -ere. 2. Judazus. 3. Jus. 4. Victoria. 
 5. Intro, -are. 
 
 2. They say 1 that Timotheus, a distinguished 2 man at 
 Athens, 3 when 4 he had dined 5 at 6 Plato's 7 and had been 
 greatly 8 gratified 9 with the entertainment, 10 and had seen 
 him the-next-day, 11 said : 12 " Your dinners 13 are pleasant 14 
 not only at-the-time, 15 but also the-day-after." 16 
 
 1. Fero,ferre. 2. Clarus. 3. Athenaz, -arum. 4. Cum. 
 5. Cceno, -are. 6. Apud. 7. Plato, -onis. 8. Admodum. 
 9. Delecto, -are. 10. Convivium. 11. Postridie. 12. Dico. 
 13. Coena. 14. Jucundus. 15. In prwsentia. 16. Poster o 
 die. 
 
 3. Yerres also 2 ordered 2 the silver 3 tables 4 to be carried- 
 away 5 from 6 all the shrines. 7 
 
 1. Idem. 2. Jubeo,-ere. 3. Argenteus,-a, -urn. 4. Mensa. 
 
 5. Atifero. 6. De. 7. Delubrum. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. The next 2 day he calls 2 the leaders of the forces 8 
 together, and tells 4 them that no city is more hostile 5 to 
 the Greeks than the royal 6 (city) of the old kings. 
 
 1. Posterus. 2. Convocare = call together. 3. Copio3. 
 4. Docere. 5. Infestus. 6. Regius. 
 
 2. If we grant 1 that the gods exist, 2 and that the universe 3 
 is ruled 4 by their mind, I do not see why 5 I should 6 say 
 there is no divination. 7 
 
 1. Concedo. 2. Esse. 3. Mundus. 4. Begere. 5. Cur, 
 
 6. I say there is no = nego esse. 7. Divinatio. 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 65 
 
 3. There is not x one of you who has not often 2 heard 3 
 how 4 Syracuse 5 was taken by Marcellus. 
 
 1. Not one— nemo. 2. Srnpe. 3. Audire. 4. Quemadmo- 
 dum. 5. Syracuse. . 
 
 4. Demaratus, the father of our King Tarquin, fled 1 from 
 Corinth, 2 because 3 he could not bear 4 the tyrant 5 Cypselus, 
 to Tarquinii, and there 6 established 7 his fortunes. 8 
 
 1. Fugere. 2. Corinthus. 3. Quod. 4. Ferre. 5. Ty- 
 r annus. 6. Ibi. 7. Constituere. 8. Fortuna. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. They say 2 that the death of his son was 2 announced 
 to Anaxagoras [as he was 3 ] discoursing 4 among 5 his friends 6 
 on 7 the nature of things, and that no 8 answer was given by 
 him except 8 that he begot 9 him mortal. A glorious 10 
 speech u in 12 truth, and worthy 13 of being uttered 14 by so 
 great a man. 
 
 1. Tradere. 2. Nuntiare. 3. Omit. 4. Disserere. 
 5. Inter. 6. Familiaris. 7. Be. 8. Literally, nothing 
 else {nihil aliud) was answered (respondere) except (nisi). 
 9. Gignere. 10. Prceclarus. 11. Vox. 12. Vero. 13. Big- 
 was. 14. Emitter e. 
 
 2. How much wiser 1 Xenophon [acted 2 ], who, when he 
 was engaged-in-sacred-rights, 3 and heard that his elder 4 
 son had fallen 5 in battle, 6 merely r laid-down 8 the garland 9 
 from 10 his head : but u when he heard that he had fallen 
 fighting 12 bravely, 13 he put 14 the garland on his head again. 15 
 
 1. Sapienter. 2. Omit. 3. Sacra peragere. 4. Major 
 natu. 5. Cadere. 6. Prceliwm. 7. Tantum. 8. Beponere. 
 9. Corona. 10. E. 11. Vero. 12. Pugnare. 13. Fortiter. 
 14. Put on = imponere with dative. 15. Bursus. 
 
 3* 
 
66 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 1. There is need * of magistrates, 2 without 3 whose wis- 
 dom 4 and care 5 the state 6 cannot 7 exist. 8 
 
 1. Opus. 2. Magistratus. 3. Sine. 4. Prudentia. 
 
 5. Diligentia. 6. Civitas. 7. With ^%>sse. 8. Esse. 
 
 2. Do you see 1 how 2 the furies 3 harass 4 the impious, 5 
 and never 6 suffer 7 them to-stand-still ? 8 
 
 1. Video. 2. £7£. 3. Furia. 4. Agito. 5. Impius. 
 
 6. With unauam. 7. Patior. 8. Consisto. 
 
 3. Since x solitude 2 and a life 3 without friends 4 is full 5 
 of snares 6 and fear, 7 reason 8 admonishes 9 us to contract 10 
 friendships. 11 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Solitudo. 3. Vita. 4. Amicus. 5. Plenus. 
 6. Insidice. 7. Metus. 8. Ratio. 9. Moneo. 10. CW- 
 ^aro. 11. Amicitia. 
 
 4. We favor 1 thee; we wish 2 thee to enjoy 3 thy 
 virtue. 4 
 
 1. Faveo. 2. Cwpio. 3. Fruor. 4. Virtus. 
 
 5. Lucilius used x to say 2 that he wished 3 those things 
 which he wrote 4 to be read 5 neither by the very unlearned 6 
 nor the very learned. 
 
 1. Soleo. 2. Dico. 3. Volo. 4. Scribo. 5. Lego. 
 6. Indoctus. 
 
 6. The decemvirate T and his colleagues 2 had completely 3 
 changed 4 Fabius, — a man formerly 5 excellent 6 both in 
 peace 7 and in war. 8 
 
 1. Decemviratus. 2. Collega. 3. Plane. 4. JSfwfo. 
 5. O/^m. 6. Fgregius. 7. With domus. 8. Militia. 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 67 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. Let us consider, 1 first, 2 whether the universe 3 is gov- 
 erned 4 by the foresight 5 of the gods ; 6 secondly, 7 whether 
 they provide 8 for the welfare 9 of man. 10 
 
 1. Video. 2. Primum. 3. Mundus. 4. Bego. 5. Pro- 
 videntia. 6. Deus. 7. Deinde. 8. Consulo. 9. Res. 10. 
 Humanus. 
 
 2. JSTeoptolemus would never 1 have been able 2 to take 3 
 Troy, if he had been willing 4 to listen 5 to Lycomedes, in 6 
 whose household he had been brought 7 up. 
 
 1. Nunquam. 2. Possum. 3. Capere. 4. Volo. 5. 
 Audio. 6. Apud. 7. Uduco. 
 
 3. When x the enemy 2 saw 8 that the damages, 4 which 
 they had hoped 5 could 6 not be repaired 7 for a long 8 time, 9 
 had been so 10 repaired by the toil n of a few 12 days 13 that 
 there was no opportunity 14 left 15 for a sally, 16 they were- 
 eager 17 for the original 18 terms 19 of capitulation. 20 
 
 1. Ubi. 2. Rostis. 3. Video. 4. Is. 5. Spero. 
 6. Possum. 7. Beficio. 8. Longus. 9. Spatium. 10. Ita. 
 11. Labor. 12. Paucus. 13. Dies. 14. Locus. 15. Be- 
 linquo. 16. Lruptio. 17. Becurro. 18. Ziem. 19. Con- 
 ditio. 20. Deditio. 
 
 4. If he is about to come 2 to Eome without 2 violence, 2 
 you may 3 properly 4 remain 5 at home ; 6 but 7 if he is about 
 to give 8 up the city 9 to be plundered, 10 I fear u that Dola- 
 bella himself 12 can 13 not fully 14 protect 15 us. 
 
 1. Venio. 2. Modeste. 3. Possum. 4. Becte. 5. Sum. 
 6. Domus. 7. Sin. 8. Do. 9. TJrbs. 10. Diripio. 
 11. FeTw. 12. Ipse. 13. Possum. 14. >S^s. 15. Pn?- 
 
68 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 VII. 
 
 
 1. When 1 1 was on 2 (my) Tusculan-estate, 3 and wanted 4 
 to use 5 certain 6 books 7 out 8 of the library 9 of Lucullus, I 
 went 10 to his villa, 11 to take 12 them thence 13 myself, 14 as 15 
 I used 16 to. 
 
 1. Cum. 2. In. 3. Tusculanum. 4. Velle. 5. TJti. 
 6. Quidam. 7. Liber. 8. E. 9. Bibliotheca. 10. Ve- 
 nire. 11. Villa. 12. Promere. 13. Inde. 14. Ipse. 
 15. Ut. 16. Mere. 
 
 2. You know-not, 1 madman, 2 what power 3 virtue 4 has ; 6 
 you use 6 the name 7 only 8 of virtue, you know not how 9 
 powerful 10 virtue itself n is. 
 
 1. Nescire. 2. Insanus. 3. Vis. 4. Virtus. 5. Habere. 
 6. Usurpare. 7. Nomen. 8. Tantum. 9. Quid. 10. To 
 be powerful, valere. 11. ipse. 
 
 3. What can 1 you say 2 in 3 your defence 4 which they 
 have not said ? 
 
 1. Possum. 2. Dicer e. 3. 7?i. 4. Defensio. 
 
 4. You are sorry 1 for others, 2 for yourself 3 }^ou are 
 neither 4 sorry nor 4 ashamed. 5 
 
 1. Miseret. 2. Alius. 3. Tu. 4. ife 5. Pudet. 
 
 5. The tyrant 1 Dionysius, expelled 2 from Syracuse, 3 
 taught 4 boys 5 at Corinth. 6 
 
 1. Tyrannus. 2. Expello. 3. Syracusce,-arum. 4. Docere. 
 5. Pwer. 6. Corinthus. 
 
 6. This state 2 has not produced 2 any 3 men more illus- 
 trious 4 in glory 5 than Africanus, Lselius, and Furius. 
 
 1. Civitas. 2. Ferre. 3. £7Zws. 4. Clarus. 5. Gloria. 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 69 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. Let us so 1 live 2 as always 3 to think* that an ac- 
 count 5 must he rendered 6 hy us. 
 
 1. Ita. 2. Vivere. 3. Semper. 4. Arbitrari. 5. Ratio. 
 6. Beddere. 
 
 2. Would-that 2 1 could 2 as 3 easily 4 discover 5 the truth 6 
 as refute 7 the falsehood. 8 
 
 1. Utinam. 2. Posse. 3. Tarn. 4. Facile. 5. Invenire. 
 6. Fer^s. 7. Convincere. 8. Falsus. 
 
 3. He exhorted 2 his friends 2 not to be- wanting 3 to the 
 common 4 safety. 5 
 
 1. Hortari. 2. Amicus. 3. Deesse. 4. Communis. 
 5. Salus. 
 
 4. After 2 Porapey had learned 2 what had been done 3 at 
 Corfmium, he set-out 4 with two legions 5 from Luceria, and 
 in five days 6 arrived-at 7 Brundisium. 
 
 1. Posteaquam. 2. Reperire. 3. Gerere. 4. Proficisci. 
 5. Legio. 6. Dies. 7. Pervenire. 
 
 5. When 1 by the supreme-authority 2 of one man there- 
 was 3 no-longer 4 a field 5 in public-life 6 for wisdom 7 or 8 
 personal-influence, 9 I surrendered 10 myself neither n to my 
 sorrows, 12 by which I should have been overwhelmed 13 if- 
 I-had-not 14 resisted 15 them, nor n to pleasure 16 unworthy 17 
 of a scholar. 18 
 
 1. Quum. 2. Dominatus. 3. Esse. 4. Non jam. 
 5. Locus. 6. Bespublica. 7. Consilium. 8. Aut. 9. Auc- 
 toritas. 10. Dedere. 11. Nee. 12. Angor. 13. Conficere. 
 14. Nisi. 15. Besistere. 16. Voluntas. 17. Indignus. 
 18. Doctus homo. 
 
70 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. I find 2 that Plato came 2 to Tarentum in the consul- 
 ship 3 of Camillus and Claudius. 
 
 1. Bejperire. 2. Venire. 3. Express this by the word 
 consul. 
 
 2. The plays a of 2 Livius are not worthy 3 of being read 4 
 a second 5 time. 
 
 1. Fabula. 2. Livianus = of Livius. 3. Dignus. 
 
 4. Leg ere. 5. Iterum. 
 
 3. The Sicilians 2 sometimes 2 make 3 a month 4 longer 5 
 by one 6 day 7 or two 8 days. 
 
 1. Siculus. 2. Nonnunquam. 3. Facere. 4. Mensis. 
 
 5. Zongus. 6. Unus. 7. Xfe. 8. Biduum. Write out 
 the rule for the case of dies. 
 
 4. The Stoics 1 think 2 it does not 3 concern 4 men 5 to 
 know 6 what is going to happen. 7 
 
 1. Stoicus. 2. Existimare. 3. Nihil. 4. Inter esse. 
 5. Homo. 6. Scire. 7. Esse. 
 
 5. There were [some l ] who on this day accused 2 the 
 king 3 of rashness, 4 the consul 5 of inefficiency. 6 
 
 1. Omit. 2. Accusare. 3. Bex. 4. Temeritas. 5. Con- 
 sul. 6. Segnitia. 
 
 6. I am afraid : that I cannot 2 grant 3 that. 4 
 
 1. Vereri. 2. Possum. 3. Concedere. 4. Me. 
 
 X. 
 
 1. When Nasica had come 1 to the poet 2 Ennius, and 
 the maid 3 had told 4 him 5 Ennius was not at home, 6 Nasica 
 knew 7 that she had said so 8 at her master's 9 command, 10 
 and that he was within. 11 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 71 
 
 1. Venire. 2. Poeta. 3. Ancilla. 4. Dicere. 5; Is 
 (dative). 6. Domus. 7. Sentire. 8. Omit. 9. Dominus. 
 10, J^s^ (abL). 11. Intus. 
 
 2. A few l days 2 after, 3 when Ennius had come to Kasica 
 and asked 4 for him, Nasica bawls 5 out that he is not at 
 home. 
 
 1. Paucus. 2. Dies. 3* Post. 4. Qucerere (with the 
 accusative). 5. Exclamare. 
 
 3. Then quoth 1 Ennius : What ? 2 Do I not recognize 8 
 your 4 voice ? 5 
 
 1. Inquit. 2. Qmc?. 3. Cognoscere. 4. TV^s. 5. Fb#. 
 
 4. Hereupon x Nasica : You are a shameless 2 fellow : 3 
 when I asked for you I believed 4 your maid (when 5 she 
 said) that you were not at home. Do you not believe my- 
 own-self ? 6 
 
 1. Hie. 2. Impudens. 3. Homo. 4. Credere (with 
 dative). 5. Omit. 6. My-own-self, ego ipse. 
 
 XL 
 
 1. This 1 edict 2 having been published, 3 there was 4 no 5 
 state 6 which 7 did not send 8 a part 9 of its 10 Senate n to 
 Cordova, 12 no 5 Koman citizen 13 who 7 did not come 14 to 
 the meeting at 15 the day. 16 
 
 1. Literally, which, qui. 2. Edictum. 3. Pervulgare. 
 4. Esse. 5. Nullus. 6. Civitas. 7. Which — not or who 
 — not, quin. 8. Mittere. 9. Pars. 10. Omit. 11. Sena- 
 tus. 12. Corduba. 13. Cms. 14. Convenire. 15. -4c£. 
 16. Zfe. 
 
 2. Nothing x is more praiseworthy, 2 nothing more worthy 3 
 of a great 4 and illustrious 5 man, 6 than clemency. 7 
 
72 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 1. Nihil. 2. Lauddbilis. 3. Dignus. 4. Magnus. 
 5. Prccclarus. 6. Fw\ 7. dementia. 
 
 3. Don't x you know 2 what 3 sort of dead 4 men you are 
 
 accusing 5 of the worst 6 crime ? 7 
 
 1. Nonne. 2. Intelligere. 3. What sort of, qualis. 
 
 4. Mortuus. 5. Arguere. 6. Summus. 7. Scelus. 
 
 4. For many 1 ages 2 the name 3 of the Pythagoreans 4 
 was 5 in such high repute, that 6 no others 7 seemed 8 learned. 9 
 
 1. Multus. 2. Sceculum. 3. Nomen. 4. Pythagoreus. 
 
 5. To be in such high repute, sic vigere. 6. £ft. 7. -4Zms. 
 8. Videri. 9. Doctus. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. In-the-mean-time a the Eomans, 2 the Scipios 3 being 
 sent 4 to Spain, 5 first 6 drove 7 the Carthaginians 8 from the 
 province, 9 afterwards 10 carried u on serious B wars 13 with 14 
 the Spaniards 15 themselves. 16 
 
 1. Interea. 2. Romanus. 3. Scipio, -onis. 4. Mittere. 
 5. Hispania. 6. Primo. 7. Exjpellere. 8. Pcenus. 9. Pro- 
 mncia. 10. Postea. 11. Gerere. 12. Gravis. 13. Bellum. 
 14. C^m. 15. Hispanus. 16. i^se. 
 
 2. While : these 2 things were carried 3 on in Asia, all 14 
 Greece 4 had rushed 5 to 6 arms, 7 in the hope 8 of regaining 9 
 liberty, 10 following 11 the authority 12 of the Lacedemonians. 13 
 
 1. Dum. 2. Hie. 3. Gerere. 4. Grmcia. 5. Concur- 
 rere. 6. ^4rf. 7. Arm a. 8. >SJpes. 9. Pecuperare. 
 10. Libertas. 11. /Sfegm (perfect participle). 12. Auctoritas. I 
 13. Lacedwmonius. 14. Omnis. 
 
 3. When T Eegulus had come 2 to Rome, 3 he set 4 forth 
 his instructions 5 in the Senate; 6 but 7 he said 8 it was 9 
 not 8 expedient 10 for the captives 11 to be restored; 12 for 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 73 
 
 that they 13 were young 14 men and good 15 leaders, 16 that he 
 (Eegulus) was enfeebled 17 by age. 18 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Venire. 3. Roma. 4. Exponere. 5. Man- 
 datum. 6. Senatus. 7. Sed. 8. To say not, negare. 
 
 9. Esse. 10. Utilis. 11. Captivus. 12. Beddere. 13. iZfe. 
 14. Adolescens. 15. Bonus. 16. Zte. 17. Confectus. 
 18. Senectus. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. Phormio the x Peripatetic, 2 when 3 Hannibal, 4 expelled 5 
 from Carthage, 6 had come 7 to Ephesus, 8 is said 9 to have 
 talked 10 some 11 hours 12 about 13 the duty 14 of a com- 
 mander. 15 
 
 1. Hie. 2. Beripateticus. 3. Cum. 4i. Hannibal, -talis. 
 5. Expellere. 6. Kartliago, -aginis. 7. Venire. 8. i^g- 
 sws, -m. 9. Dicere. 10. Loqui. 11. Aliquot. 12. Hora, 
 -rce. 13. Zte. 14. Officium. 15. Imperator. 
 
 2. Then, 1 when the 2 rest who had heard 3 him were 
 greatly 4 charmed, 5 they inquired 6 of 7 Hannibal what he 8 
 thought 9 of 10 that 11 philosopher. 12 Hannibal is said 13 to 
 have answered, 14 that he had often 15 seen 16 many 17 crazy 18 
 old 19 men, [but 20 ] nobody 21 who 22 was more 23 crazy 24 than 
 Phormio. 
 
 1. Turn. 2. Cceteri. 3. Audire. 4. Vehementer. 
 5. Delectare. 6. Qucerere. 7. Ah. 8. Ipse. 9. Judicare. 
 
 10. Be. 11. Ble. 12. BUlosophus. 13. Ferre. 14. ife- 
 spondere. 15. $#pe. 16. Videre. 17. Multus. 18. Zte- 
 Zrn^s, -a, -w. 19. >SW#. 20. Omit. 21. Nemo. 22. $m. 
 23. Magis. 24. I am crazy (by the verb) deliro, delirare. 
 
 XIY. 
 
 1. If the Gauls a had attacked 2 the town 3 that night, 4 
 they would have taken 5 it easily, 6 since 7 no one supposed 8 
 that an enemy 9 was-at-hand. 10 
 
74 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 1. Gallus. 2. Oppugno. 3. Oppidum. 4 Nox. 
 
 5. Capio. 6. Facile. 7. Quum. 8. Pwto. 9. Hostis. 
 10. Adsum. 
 
 2. For three-days, 1 however, 2 they waited 3 to see 4 what 
 the consul would do, 5 who was himself enrolling- troops 6 at 
 Ariininum, and had ordered 7 Nero to cross 8 the Po, 9 and 
 hinder 10 the enemy from ravaging n the country. 12 
 
 1. Triduum. 2. Tamen. 3. Exspecto. 4. Omit. 5. Facio. 
 
 6. Delectum habeo. 7. Impero. 8. Transeo. 9. Padus. 
 10. Prohibeo. 11. Populor. 12. Ager. 
 
 3. After a the leader 2 of the Gauls saw 3 that the Romans 
 would-not 4 risk 5 a battle, 6 he repented 7 of his own inac- 
 tivity, 8 for 9 he remembered 10 the counsels n of his father, 12 
 who had feared 13 that his son 14 would not be bold 15 enough, 16 
 and had warned 17 him not to lose 18 a single day. 
 
 1. Posteaquum. 2. Dux. 3. Video. 4. Nolo. 5. Com- 
 mitto. 6. Prcelium. 7. Pcenitet. 8. Inertia. 9. Fnim. 
 10. Memini. 11. Consilium. 12. Pater. 13. Metuo. 
 14. i^W. 15. Audax. 16. Waft's. 17. Moneo. 18. 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. The next 1 day 2 I was summoned 3 by Pansa 
 Bononia. 4 When 5 I was on 6 the way, 7 it was announced ; 
 to me that he was dead. 9 
 
 1. Posterns. 2. Dies. 3. Arcesso. 4. First declension* 
 
 5. Cum. 6. In. 7. Iter. 8. Nuntio. 9. Morior. 
 
 2. You (plural) seem 1 to me not 2 even 3 to-day 4 to 
 know 5 what 6 a crime 7 you have dared 8 against 9 me. 
 
 1. Videor. 2. Ne. 3. Quidem. 4 Hodie. 5. Scio. 
 
 6. Interrogative. 7. Facinus. 8. Audeo. 9. ik 
 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 75 
 
 3. This man, if 1 lie had been blessed 2 with a longer 3 
 life, 4 would have been much 5 more illustrious 6 than his 
 brother, 7 in peace 8 and in war. 9 
 
 1. Si. 2. Contingo ; literally, " if a longer life had fallen 
 to him." 3. Longus. 4. JEtas. 5. Multus. 6. Clarus. 
 
 7. Frater. 8. With domus. 9. Militia. 
 
 4z. The consul, afraid 1 of being surrounded, 2 sent 3 
 cavalry 4 to take 5 possession of the hills. 6 
 
 1. Vereor (perfect participle). 2. Circumvenio. 3. Prce- 
 mitto. 4. Eques. 5. Occupo. By what constructions may 
 the purpose be given ? 6. Collis. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1. Marcellus, with 1 a small 2 body 3 of horse, 4 fought 5 
 [the enemy 6 ] and killed 7 the king 8 of the Gauls, 9 Virido- 
 marus by name, 10 with his u own hand. 3 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Parvus. 3. Manus. 4. Eques (plural). 
 5. Dimicare. 6. Omit. 7. Occidere. 8. Bex. 9. Gallus. 
 10. Nomen. 11. Suus. 
 
 2. In the ninth l year 2 after 3 the banishment 4 of the 
 kings, 5 when 6 the son-in-law 7 of Tarquinius had collected 8 
 a huge 9 army 10 to n avenge the wrong 12 done 13 his father- 
 in-law, 14 a new 15 office 16 was created 17 at Eome. 
 
 1. JSfonus. 2. Annus. 3. Post. 4. Exactus (literally, 
 after the kings expelled). 5. Rex. 6. Cum. 7. Gener. 
 
 8. Colligere. 9. Ingens. 10. Exercitus. 11. Ad with 
 gerundive of vindicare. 12. Injuria. 13. Simply the 
 objective genitive: literally, "wrong of his." 14. Socer. 
 15. Novus. 16. Dignitas. 17. Creare. 
 
 3. At 1 present I will merely 2 ask 3 this, 4 whether 5 this 
 branch-of-literature 6 is deservedly 7 suspected 8 by 9 you. 
 
76 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 1. Nunc. 2. Tantum. 3. Qucerere. 4. Mud. 5. Ne 
 (enclitic). 6. Genus scribendi. 7. Merito. 8. Suspectus. 
 9. Dative. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 1. The ninth 2 year 2 after 3 the expulsion 4 of the kings, 5 
 when 6 the son-in-law 7 of Tarquin 8 had 9 collected an im- 
 mense 10 army, 11 a new n dignity 13 was 14 created at Eome, 
 which is 15 called the dictatorship, 16 — greater 17 than the 
 consulship. 18 
 
 1. Nonus. 2. Annus. 3. Post. 4. Literally, " kings ex- 
 pelled": exigo. 5. Bex. 6. Cum. 7. Gener. 8. Tar qui- 
 nius. 9. Colligo. 10. Ingens. 11. Exercitus. 12. Novus. 
 13. Dignitas. 14. CVm 15. Appello. 16. Dictatura. 
 17. Magnus. 18. Consulatus. 
 
 2. Do you suppose 2 that men 2 who are 3 said to 4 predict- 
 the-future can 5 tell-you 6 whether 7 the 8 moon uses 9 her 10 
 own light u or 12 that 7 of the sun ? 13 
 
 1. Censeo. 2. Is: literally, " those." 3. JDico. 4. Pre- 
 dict-the-future : divino. 5. Possum. 6. Tell-you : respon- 
 deo. 7. Omit. 8. Luna. 9. CTfor. 10. >S^ms. 11. 
 Lumen. 12. .4w. 13. aSo/. 
 
 3. It was a glorious a sentiment 2 and worthy 3 of being 
 uttered 4 by that 5 great man. 6 
 
 1. Prwclarus. 2. Fb#. 3. Dignus. 4. Emitto. 5. That 
 great : tantus. 6. P7r. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. When 2 Balbus had 2 said this, 3 then 4 Cotta said, with- 
 a-smile, 5 " You are 6 late, Balbus, in telling me what to de- 
 fend ; 7 for 8 while 9 you were discussing 10 I was myself 
 pondering u what to say in 12 reply, and 13 not so-much u 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 77 
 
 for-the-purpose-of 15 refuting 16 you as of finding-out 17 the- 
 things 18 which I did not 19 understand." 20 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Dico. 3. Eelative. 4. Turn. 5. Arrideo 
 (present participle). 6. I am late in telling, sero prazcipio. 
 7. Defendo. 8. Enim. 9. Ablative absolute. 10. Disputo. 
 11. Mecum meditor. 12. In reply, contra. 13. Neque. 
 14. So much — as, tarn — quam. 15. Causa. 16. Befello. 
 17. Requiro. 18. With is. 19. Minus. 20. Intelligo. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. I do not care x how 2 rich 3 Gyges is. 4 
 
 1. Express with refert. 2. Quam. 3. D^s. 4. i&se. 
 
 2. "Who * more 2 illustrious in Greece 3 than 4 Themisto- 
 cles ? who 5 when 6 he had 7 been driven into exile 8 did 9 not 
 do harm to his thankless 10 country, 11 but did 12 the same 13 
 that Coriolanus had 12 done twenty u years 15 before. 16 
 
 1. Quis. 2. Clarus. 3. Grcecia. 4. Write in two ways. 
 
 5. Qui. 6. Cum. 7. Expellere. 8. Exilium. 9. Do 
 harm to, Injuriam ferre with dative. 10. Ingratus. 
 11. Patria. 12. Facere. 13. 7<iem. 14. Viginti. 15. 
 Annus. 16. ^wte. 
 
 3. In the first J of the spring 2 the consul came 3 to 
 Ephesus, and, having 4 received the troops 5 from 6 Scipio, he 
 held 7 a speech 8 in-presence-of 9 the soldiers, 10 in 11 which, 
 after 12 extolling their bravery, 13 he exhorted u them to 15 
 undertake a new 16 war 1T with 18 the Gauls, who had 19 [as 
 he said u ] helped Antiochus with u auxiliaries 20 
 
 1. Primus. 2. Ver. 3. Venire. 4. Accipere. 5. Copiaz. 
 
 6. A. 7. Habere. 8. Contio. 9. Apud. 10. Miles. 
 11. Omit. 12. Collaudare (ablative absolute). 13. Virtus. 
 14. Adhortari. 15. Suscipere with ad and gerundive. 16. 
 Novus. 17. Bellum. 18. Cim. 19. Juvare. 20. Auxilium. 
 
78 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 xx. 
 
 1. The plays 1 of Livius are not worth 2 reading 8 more* 
 than-once. 4 
 
 1. Fabula. 2. Dignus. 3. Zegere. 4. Iterum. 
 
 2. What x style-of-speaking 2 was 3 in vogue in those 4 
 times 5 can 6 best 7 be 8 learned from 9 the works 10 of Thucy- 
 dides. 11 
 
 1. Qui. 2. Dicendi genus. 3. Vigere. 4. Ille. 5. Tern- 
 pus. 6. Posse. 7. Maxime. 8. Intelligere. 9. Ex. 
 10. Scriptum. 11. Thucydides (genitive -c£z). 
 
 3. When 1 I had 2 been engaged a-couple-of-years 3 in 4 
 law 5 cases, and my name 6 was very-well-known 7 in the 
 forum, I went 8 away from Eome. When 1 1 had 9 come to 
 Athens, 10 I stayed u six months 12 with 13 Antiochus, and re- 
 newed u the study 15 of philosophy 16 under 1T this teacher. 18 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Versari. 3. Biennium. 4. In. 5. Causa. 
 6. Nomen. 7. Jam celebratum. 8. Proficisci. 9. Venire. 
 10. Athence. 11. Esse. 12. Mensis. 13. Cum. 14. Beno- 
 vare. 15. Studium. 16. Philosophia. 17. Omit. 18. .Doc- 
 tor (ablative absolute). 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. When 1 Paullus, to whom the war 2 with 3 Perses 4 
 had-been-allotted, 5 had 6 gone home, 7 that 8 very 9 day 10 he 
 noticed 11 that his little 12 daughter Tertia was low-spirited. 13 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Bellum. 3. Cum. 4 Perses (genitive ce). 
 5. To be allotted, obtingere (active). 6. Redire. 7. Domus. 
 8. Is. 9. Ipse. 10. Dies, 11. Animadvertere. 12. Di- 
 minutive oifilia. 13. Tristiculus. 
 
 2. "What 1 is the matter," 2 said 3 he, "my Tertia?" 
 " Why l are you sad ? " 4 " My father," 5 said she, " Persa 
 is 6 dead." 
 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 79 
 
 1. Quid, 2. Omit. 3. Inquit 4. Tristis. 5. Pater. 
 6. Perire. 
 
 3. Then 1 the-father 2 embraced 3 the girl 4 tenderly 5 and 
 said, " 1 6 accept the omen, 7 my daughter." 
 
 Now 8 this 9 Persa was a puppy, 10 which had u died. 
 
 1. Turn. 2. The father, Me. 3. Complecti. 4. Puella. 
 5. Comparative of adverb arte. 6. Accipere. 7. Oraew-. 
 
 8. Autem. 9. is. 10. Catellus. 11. Jfora. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1. Plato, when 1 he was 2 provoked with a slave 3 of 4 his, 
 bade 5 him doff 6 his tunic 7 forthwith 8 and hold 9 out his 
 shoulders 10 to the scourge, 11 intending 12 to beat him him- 
 self 13 with his own hand. 14 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Irasci with dative. 3. Servus. 4. Of his = 
 suus. 5. Jubere. 6. Ponere. 7. Tunica. 8. Statim. 
 
 9. Hold out =prcebere. 10. Scapulce, -arum. 11. Verber, 
 -is, plural. 12. Future participle of ccedere-. 13. Ipse. 
 14. Manus. 
 
 2. When x he was-aware 2 that he was provoked, he kept 3 
 his hand suspended, 4 just-as 5 he had raised 6 it, and stood 7 
 like 8 one 9 about to strike. 10 
 
 1. Postquam. 2. Intellegere. 3. Detinere. 4. Suspen- 
 dere. 5. Sicut. 6. Tollere. 7. Stare. 8. Similis. 
 9. Omit. 10. Ccedere. 
 
 3. Being-asked l then 2 by a friend 3 who had happened 4 
 in what 5 he was-about : 6 "lam exacting 7 penalty," 8 said 
 he, " from 9 a passionate 10 man." n 
 
 1. Interrogare. 2. Deinde. 3. Amicus. 4. Happened 
 in = forte intervenire. 5. Quis. 6. Agere. 7. Eodgere. 
 8. P^?ia, plural 9. ^16. 10. Iracundus. 11. Homo. 
 
80 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 1. While 1 this 2 was 3 done at Veii, 4 meantime 5 the 
 citadel 6 at Eome was in great 7 danger. 8 
 
 1. Bum. 2. Hie (neuter plural). 3. Agere. 4. Veil, 
 Veiorum. 5. Interim. 6. Arx. 7. Ingens. 8. Pericu- 
 lum. 
 
 2. For J the Gauls, 2 having 3 observed a human 4 track, 5 
 climbed- up 6 to the top 7 in a glimmering 8 night 9 in such 10 
 silence n that 12 they not 13 only escaped-the-notice-of 14 the 
 guards, 15 but 16 did not-even 17 rouse 18 the dogs, 19 — a 
 creature 20 on-the-alert 21 for M noises 23 at night. 24 
 
 1. Namque. 2. Gallus. 3. Notare (ablative absolute). 
 
 4. Humanus. 5. Vestigium. 6. Evadere. 7. Summus, 
 neuter. 8. Sublustris. 9. JSfox. 10. Tantus. 11. Silen- 
 tium. 12. £7£. 13. iVow solum. 14. Fallere. 15. Custos. 
 16. iSfec?. 17. iVe — quidem. 18. Excitare. 19. Canis. 
 20. Animal. 21. Sollieitus. 22. ^4d. 23. Strepitus. 
 24. Nocturnus. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 1. Death x alone 2 confesses 3 how puny 4 are the bodies 5 
 of men. 6 
 
 1. ilfors. 2. iS'ote. 3. Fateor. 4. Quantulus. 5. Cor- 
 pusculum. 6. Homo. 
 
 2. There 1 is nothing 2 better 3 than agriculture, 4 nothing 
 sweeter, 5 nothing worthier 6 of a free 7 man. 
 
 1. Omit. 2. Nihil. 3. Bonus. 4. Agricidtura. 
 
 5. Bulcis. 6. Bignus. 7. Z$er. 
 
 3. When x Livius Salinator was 2 going out of the city 3 
 to 4 carry on war 5 against 6 Hasdrubal, Fabius advising 7 
 him to ascertain 8 the strength 9 of the enemy 10 first, 11 he 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 81 
 
 answered 12 that he would not let 13 a chance 14 for fighting 15 
 pass. 13 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Egredi (with ablative). 3. Urbs. 4. Gerere. 
 5. Bellum. 6. Adversus. 7. Moneo, ablative absolute. 
 
 8. Agnoscere. 9. Vis (plural). 10. Hostis. 11. Prius. 
 12. Pespondeo. 13. Omitto. 14. Occasio. 15. Pugno 
 (genitive of gerund). 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. During l these events, 2 horsemen 3 had been sent 4 to 
 Alba, to 5 transport 6 the populace 7 to Eome. Then le- 
 gions 8 were brought 9 for the-purpose 2 of destroying 10 the 
 city. 
 
 2. When these 5 entered u the gates, 12 there was not that 
 commotion 13 such 14 as is apt 15 to belong-to 16 captured 17 
 cities, when, on-the-capture 18 of the citadel 19 by force, 20 
 the rush 21 of armed ^ men 2 through the city confounds ^ 
 all things ; 
 
 3. but a sad 2i silence 25 so enchained 26 the minds 27 of 
 all, that, forgetting 28 what to leave, 29 what to take 30 with 
 them, they stood 31 on the thresholds, 32 or wandered 33 
 through their homes. 34 
 
 1. Inter. 2. Omit. 3. Eques. 4. Mitto. 5. Express 
 by a relative clause. 6. Traduco. 7. Multitudo. 8. Legio. 
 
 9. Duco. 10. Diruo. 11. Intro. 12. Porta. 13. Tu- 
 multus. 14. Qualis. 15. Soleo. 16. Expressed by the 
 case of "cities." 17. Capio. 18. Express by a passive 
 verb. 19. Arx. 20. Vis. 21. Cursus. 22. Armo. 
 23. Misceo. 24. Tristis. 25. Silentium. 26. Defigo. 
 27. Animus. 28. Obliviscor. 29. Belinquo. 30. i^ro. 
 31. Sto. 32. Limen. 33. Pervagor. 34. Domus. 
 
82 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 1. Whenever J the spring 2 had-set-in, 3 Verres devoted 4 
 himself to journey ings, 5 in which he showed 6 himself so- 
 very 7 energetic 8 that nobody 9 ever 10 saw n him sitting n 
 on 13 a horse. 14 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Ver. 3. Ccepit esse. 4. Bo. 5. Iter. 
 6. Prcebeo. 7. Usque eo. 8. Impiger. 9. Nemo. 10. Z7?i- 
 quam. 11. Video. 12. #ec£eo. 13. ik 14. Equus. 
 
 2. For he used to ride 1 in a sedan and eight, in which 
 there was a cushion 2 stuffed 3 with rose-leaves. 4 Moreover, 6 
 he had 6 one 7 garland 8 on his 9 head, 10 another u on his 9 
 neck, 12 and ever-and-anon 13 he gave 14 his nose a little-net 15 
 of the finest 16 of thread, 17 with tiny 18 meshes, 19 full 20 of 
 rose-leaves. 
 
 1. To ride in a sedan and eight, Lectica octophoro ferri. 
 
 2. Pulvinus. 3. Farcio. 4. Rosa (singular). 5. Autem. 
 6. Habeo. 7. TJnus. 8. Corona. 9. Omit. 10. Caput. 
 11. Alter. 12. Collum. 13. Identidem. 14. Ad nares 
 sibi admovere. 15. Reticulum. 16. Tenuis. 17. Linum. 
 18. Minutus. 19. Macula. 20. Plenus. 
 
 XXVIL 
 
 1. ISTasica when 1 he had come to Ennius's 2 and the girl 3 
 had told him that Ennius was not at home, was aware 4 
 that she had said it at her master's 5 order, 6 and that he was 
 at home. A few 7 days after when 1 Ennius had come to 2 
 Nasica's, Nasica cries out 8 that he is not at home. Then 9 
 Ennius: "What! don't I know 10 your voice?" 11 Here- 
 upon 12 JSTasica: "You are a shameless 13 fellow; 14 I be- 
 lieved 15 your girl, don't you believe me ? " 
 
 1. Cum. 2. Come to Ennius's, venire ad, Ennium. 
 
 3. Ancilla. 4. Sentio. 5. Dominus. 6. Jussu (ablative). 
 
 
LATIN COMPOSITION. 83 
 
 7. Paucus. 8. Exclamo. 9. Turn. 10. Cognosco. 11. Fb#. 
 12. iiftc. 13. Inpudens. 14. Homo. 15. Credo. 
 
 2. It was more 1 important 2 for the Athenians to have 
 solid 3 roofs 4 on 5 their 6 houses 7 than the loveliest 8 ivory 9 
 statue 10 of Minerva. Still 11 1 would rather be Phidias 12 
 than the best possible 13 carpenter. 14 
 
 1. Plus. 2. It is important, interest 3. Firmus. 
 4. Tectum. 5. In. 6. Omit. 7. Domicilium. 8. Pulchcr 
 (superlative). 9. "Of ivory," ex and ebur. 10. Sign-am. 
 11. Tamen. 12. Phidias, Phidioe. 13. Fe£ with superla- 
 tive of bonus. 14. Faber tignarius. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 1. At the same 1 time 2 King Attalus, having gone 3 from 
 Thebes 4 to Pergamus, dies 5 in his seventy-second year, 6 
 after 7 reigning 8 four-and-forty years. To this man fortune 9 
 had given no claim 10 but 11 wealth 12 toward 13 the hope 14 of 
 the throne. 15 
 
 1. Idem. 2. Tempus. 3. Proficiscor. 4. Thebce, The- 
 barum. 5. Morior. 6. Annus. 7. Cum (literally, "when 
 he had reigned "). 8. Regno. 9. Fortuna. 10. No claim, 
 nihil. 11. Prceter. 12. Divitiw. 13. Ad. 14. Spes. 
 15. Begnum. 
 
 2. By using 1 this 2 at once 3 economically 4 and 3 in prince- 
 ly style 5 he brought it to pass 6 that he seemed 7 not unwor- 
 thy 8 of the throne. Then, 9 after the Gauls were conquered 10 
 in a single 11 battle, 12 he assumed 13 the name 14 of King. 15 
 
 1. Utor. 2. Eefers to divitice. 3. At once . . and, si- 
 mul . . simul. 4. Prudenter. 5. In princely style, mag- 
 nifice. 6. Bring it to pass, efficio. 7. Videor. 8. Indig- 
 
84 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 nus. 9. Deinde. 10. Vinco. 11. Unus. 12. Prcelium. 
 
 13. Adscisco. 14. Nomen. 15. Regius, -a, -um. 
 
 3. He ruled 1 his subjects 2 with perfect 3 justice, 4 he 
 showed 5 unparalleled 6 fidelity 7 to his allies, 8 he was cour- 
 teous 9 to wife 10 and children, 11 — four he left 12 surviving, 13 
 — gentle 14 and generous 15 to friends. 16 
 
 1. Rego. 2. Sums, -a, -um. 3. Summa. 4. Justitia. 
 5. Prcesto. 6. Unicus. 7. Fides. 8. Socius. 9. Comis. 
 10. Uxor. 11. Liberi. 12. Relinquo. 13. Superstes, -stitis. 
 
 14. Jfifo's. 15. Munificus. 16. Amicus. 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 85 
 
 LATIN GRAMMAR. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Decline career, dens, arms, dies, giving the gender of 
 each, with the rule for it, and marking the quantities of 
 penultimate and final syllables in all the cases. 
 
 2. Give the gender of via, gladius, Tiberis, with the rule 
 for each. Give Ablative singular of sedile, turris ; Genitive 
 plural of vir, pater, hostis, equa. 
 
 3. Decline alter, alacer, iste. Compare gracilis, inferus, 
 ingens, mains; compare prope, and the adverbs formed 
 from acer, alius. 
 
 4. Give principal parts of pono, sedeo, domo, vincio. 
 Give Future Active Participle and Future Passive Participle 
 of pono, and Pluperfect Active Second Person Plural of 
 sedeo, marking the quantities of all the syllables of both 
 verbs. Inflect the Present Indicative of eo ; of nolo. 
 
 5. Name some classes of verbs followed by the Genitive, 
 by the Dative, by the Ablative, by two Accusatives. Give 
 some of the rules for the Subjunctive after Eelative Pro- 
 nouns ; for its use after Particles. How is not expressed 
 with the Imperative ? How is a Wish expressed ? 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Before what vowels have g and c a soft sound ? 
 What is the gender of Januarius ? of Corinthus ? of Aquilo ? 
 Give the rule for each. What is an Epicene Noun ? 
 What words are naturally neuter ? What is Declension ? 
 What are some of the general rules for Declension ? Which 
 apply to all nouns ? 
 

 86 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 2. Decline dea, Penelope, vir, vis, barbiton, sedile. When 
 does the Nominative plural of the third declension end in 
 -ia ? Give the three general rules for gender in nouns of 
 the third declension. What is the gender of tellus, legio, 
 arundo, amnis ? Give the rule for each. Decline domus, 
 bos, Vergilius. What are the Heterogeneous Nouns, and 
 Heteroclites ? Give some examples of each. Give the 
 rule for the derivation of Patronymics; of Diminutives. 
 What do the terminations -ium, -arium, -He, in nouns 
 denote ? 
 
 3. Decline alius, quisquam, tu. Give the rules for com- 
 paring adverbs. What is a Gerund ? a Gerundive ? a 
 Supine ? a Participle ? Give the synopsis of possum in the 
 Third Person Singular throughout the verb. Inflect the 
 Imperatives, Active and Passive, of moneo, amo, capio, audio, 
 What are Irregular Verbs ? Give the list of them. What 
 compounds oifacio have^f in the passive ? How do you 
 form Frequentative Verbs ? how Inceptives ? how Inten- 
 sives ? How are adverbs formed from adjectives ? 
 
 4. What does tdtimus mean ? What do hie and ille 
 mean when used together ? Explain all the uses of suus 
 which you know. When is the Nominative of the Third 
 Person wanting ? Translate in two ways, " A woman of 
 remarkable beauty " (femina, maxim us, pidchritudo). Ex- 
 plain the Genitive, — pridie ejus diei. How do you translate 
 the name of a town to which motion proceeds ? How from 
 which ? How the name of a town where an event occurs ? 
 How in each case if the name of the place is not the 
 name of a town ? 
 
 5. Tell all the ways in which a voluntary agent can be 
 translated. Translate, " We pity (miseret) them." When 
 is the Passive Voice followed by the Accusative of the 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 87 
 
 thing ? What is Synecdoche ? How do yon translate 
 expressions denoting time how long, and time at which 
 something happens ? What cases follow potior, fido, doceo, 
 peto, juvat, voco ? What two different Ablative construc- 
 tions may follow a comparative ? In what senses does ut 
 take the Subjunctive ? in what the Indicative ? What con- 
 struction follows priusquam, quin, cum 1 Mention four 
 cases of a Subjunctive after qui. 
 
 6. Tell all the ways you know of translating a clause 
 denoting a purpose into Latin. When is the Infinitive 
 used without a subject ? State the use of the Genitive, 
 Dative, Accusative, and Ablative of Gerunds. "What is the 
 general order of words in a Latin sentence ? 
 
 7. Give the rules for Increment in nouns and verbs. 
 When do two consonants lengthen the preceding vowel ? 
 Give the general rules for the quantity of final syllables. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Decline honos. What is its gender ? Why ? Is this 
 gender natural or grammatical, and what is the difference 
 between these two classes of genders ? Mention some 
 classes of nouns which are masculine from their signifi- 
 cation. Some which are feminine. How do neuter nouns 
 of the third declension end ? Decline any one you think 
 of. How do you distinguish the declensions of nouns ? 
 
 2. Decline duo. Decline levior. Of what degree of 
 comparison is it? Give the other degrees of comparison 
 of the same word. Compare magnus. Mention other ad- 
 jectives which are irregular in their comparison. 
 
 3. Decline ipse. Give all genders of the Nominative 
 singular of quis. Of the Interrogative qui. Decline siquis. 
 
 4 What is an Irregular Verb ? Give a synopsis of the 
 
88 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 verb esse. Write out the Present tense of this verb in all 
 modes and persons. How do yon distinguish the conju- 
 gations ? What are the principal stems of verbs ? Give 
 the terminations of the First Person Indicative of a verb of 
 the third conjugation in all the tenses. What is a Fre- 
 quentative Verb ? 
 
 5. What is the Increment of a verb? What is the 
 quantity of verbal increments ? What is the general rule 
 for the quantity of the increments of nouns ? 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Give the three general rules for the gender of nouns 
 of the third declension. Gender and rule for Boreas, manus, 
 res, virtus. 
 
 2. Decline the following nouns, marking the quantities 
 of the penultimate and final syllables in all the cases: 
 imago, domus, poema, respublica, juvenis. 
 
 3. Decline tu, uterque, aliquis, hrevior. Compare Cle- 
 mens, par, din. What does the termination -He in nouns 
 denote ? -lentus in adjectives ? 
 
 4. Give principal parts of juvo, resisto, spondeo, haurio, 
 marking the quantities of all the syllables in all the forms. 
 Inflect the Perfect Active Indicative of resisto, Imperative 
 Active and Passive of haurio. Give the synopsis of fio in 
 the present stem. 
 
 5. Give several cases of nouns which follow the verb 
 sum, and the rules for them. What cases follow utor, re- 
 cordor, parco, pcenitet? What cases do the prepositions 
 super, prce, inter, govern respectively ? How is a Purpose 
 expressed ? 
 
 V. 
 1. Decline the following nouns, marking the quantity of 
 
LATIN GKAMMAR. 89 
 
 the penultimate and final syllables through all the cases : 
 ala, genius, pars, conclave, acus, acies. Give the gender of 
 each noun, with rule for it. 
 
 2. Decline the adjectives acer a,nd facilis ; the pronouns 
 quidam and uter. Compare acer , facilis, felix, mains. Form 
 adverbs from pulcher and prudens, and compare them. 
 How do you express in Latin five, fifth, and five times ? 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of the following verbs, marking 
 the quantity of all the syllables : sto, torqueo, cado, ccedo, 
 cedo, ordior. Inflect the Perfect Subjunctive Active of 
 cedo, and the Present Imperative Passive of ordior, mark- 
 ing the quantities throughout. 
 
 4. What case or cases follow pudet, fungor, prazsum, 
 doceo ? Translate into Latin : 1. He asked (rogo) him 
 whether (num) Caius had come (venio). 2. He said (dico) 
 that Caius would come. 3. He orders (impero) Caius to 
 come. 4. He was hindered (impedio) by Caius from (quo- 
 minus) coming. 5. He was waiting (opperior) until (dum) 
 Caius should come. 6. ~No one (nemo) waited who was 
 able (possum) to come. 7. If he had waited, I should not 
 have come. 8. Would that (utinam) Caius would come. 
 9. Do not come, Caius. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. Decline virtus, domus, puer, calcar, giving the gender 
 of each with the rule for it, and marking the quantity of the 
 penultimate and final syllables in all the cases. 
 
 2. Give the gender of juvenis, canon, ratio, flos, with the 
 rule for each. Give the Ablative singular of Anchises, aper, 
 tribus ; Genitive plural of nubes, respublica, mater. 
 
 3. Decline piger, gravior, ambo, quisque. Compare frugi, 
 humilis, and the adverbs formed from acer, durus. 
 
90 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 4. Give the principal parts of veto, lacesso, pendo, pendeo, 
 sepelio, mentior. Mark the quantity of all the syllables 
 of the verbal forms adjuvare (from adjuvo), tetenderitis 
 (from tendo), and give all the voices, moods, tenses, num- 
 bers, and persons in which they may be found. Inflect the 
 Future Perfect Indicative Passive of moneo, marking the 
 quantity of all the syllables. 
 
 5. Translate into Latin in as many ways as you are able : 
 
 1. He sent (mitto) men to seek ( peto) an oracle (praevium) m 
 
 2. He heard (audio) that Caius had fled (fugio). 3. He 
 feared (timed) that Caius had fled. 4. He was angry (iras- 
 cor) that Caius had fled. What cases follow the prepo- 
 sitions prce, sub, inter, respectively ? Give the rules which 
 you remember for the Dative after verbs. 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. Decline filia, vesper, navis, nemus, domus ; mark the 
 quantity of the penultimate and final syllables through all 
 the cases ; give the gender of each noun, with the rule. 
 Give the rules for the formation of the Genitive plural of 
 the third declension. How are the Diminutives formed 
 from nouns ? 
 
 2. Decline crudelis, unus, duo, idem, aliquis ; compare 
 crudelis, facilis, superus, vetus. What are the meanings 
 respectively of the terminations -osus (e.g. vinosus), -His 
 (e. g. mobilis), -ax (e. g. fallax) ? Give the Latin for a hun- 
 dred, two hundred, and so on to nine hundred inclusive. 
 Mark the quantity of the penultimate and final syllables 
 in all the Latin words given in this section. 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of juvo, veho, sentio, censeo, 
 ccedo, audeo. Inflect the Present Subjunctive Passive of 
 juvo ; the Perfect Subjunctive Active of veho ; the Future 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 91 
 
 Indicative Passive of ccedo ; the Imperfect Subjunctive 
 Active of volo. Mark the quantity of the penultimate and 
 final syllables. 
 
 4. What case or cases respectively follow the verbs 
 vendo, dono, pamitet, rogo, solvo, condemno ? Translate" into 
 Latin : He orders (impero) Caius to be present (adsum). 
 He feared (metuo) that Caius was not present. He sent 
 (mitto) Caius to be present. He was angry (irascor) be- 
 cause (quod) Caius was present. He is happy (beams) 
 provided (dummodo) Caius is present. He did not know 
 (nescio) on what day (dies) Caius was present. Where 
 may the caesural pause occur in the dactylic hexameter ? 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. Decline the following nouns, giving the gender of each 
 with the rule, and marking the quantity of the penultimate 
 and final syllables in all the cases : vir, Boreas, imago, 
 murmur, fides, rus, portus. 
 
 2. What is denoted by the terminations -mentum (e. g. 
 documentum from doceo), -or (e. g. fautor from faveo), -idus 
 (e. g. calidus from caleo) ? Compare dexter, frugi, sacer, 
 juvenis, merito, and the adverbs from alacer and ceger. 
 
 3. Decline integer, alius, dispar, plus, marking the quan- 
 tity as in section one. Decline iste, meus, quidam. 
 
 4. Mark the quantity of all the syllables of the verbal 
 forms in this section (4). Give the principal parts of the 
 following verbs: ambio, sto, maneo, arcesso. Give a sy- 
 nopsis of fio in the present stem. Inflect the Future Perfect 
 Indicative, Active and Passive, of cozdo. In what places 
 can capere be found ? In what places venimus, and how 
 distinguished by difference of quantity ? 
 
 5. By what cases may sum be followed ? Translate : He 
 
92 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 knew (sew) that Caius was coming (venio). He begged 
 (pro) Caius to come. He feared (timeo) that Caius would 
 not come. He sent (mitto) men to hinder (pbsto) Caius 
 from coming. Explain the use of ille, is, hie, iste, ipse, sui. 
 Give some of the rules for the case of a noun referring 
 to the same person or thing as a preceding noun. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Decline Annius, radix, fons, flos, exemplar, manus. 
 Give the gender of each, with the rule. Give the rules 
 for the formation of the Ablative singular of the third de- 
 clension. What are the meanings of the endings -mentum 
 (e. g. impedimenta), -bulum (e. g. pabulum), -tor (e. g. doc- 
 tor), -etum (e. g. rosetum) ? 
 
 2. Decline alacer, supplex, iste, qualis, unusquisque. 
 Compare rnger, suavis, dives. What is the Latin for four, 
 forty, four hundred, fourth, fortieth, four hundredth ? What 
 is the significance of the ending -ax (e. g. ferax) ? -eundus 
 (e. g. verecundus) ? 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of cupio, cubo, tego, foveo, 
 vincio, veho. Inflect the Future Indicative of redeo and 
 morior ; and the Present Subjunctive of suspicor and malo. 
 
 4. Give all the rules for the construction of names of 
 towns. What classes of verbs in Latin are constructed 
 with the Genitive case ? What classes with the Ablative ? 
 What is the difference of meaning between the Imperfect 
 and Pluperfect tenses of the Subjunctive in Conditional 
 Sentences ? How are clauses in English introduced by 
 that to be translated into Latin ? What is the difference 
 between ne and ut non ? Write down the following words 
 in four columns, and mark the quantity of every syllable : 
 fieri, arbores, habere, desinit, fiebat, venerunt, eveho, laborat, 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 93 
 
 improbus, dederint, perbrevis, diei, victrices, congredi, nomen, 
 dedecori, cupidine, auditur, non, dbstulerunt, peritus, requi- 
 reres, dirutus, maritimus. 
 
 X. 
 
 1. Decline locus, sol, vis, mare, motus. Give the gender 
 of each with the rule. What classes of nouns of the 
 third declension form their Genitive plural in -ium. 
 
 2. Decline uter. Give the Ablative singular and Geni- 
 tive plural of celeber, crudelis, supplex. Compare cams, 
 humilis, parvus. Form adverbs from ceger and crudelis, 
 and compare them. Give, in Latin, the multiples of ten 
 from twenty to one hundred inclusive. Decline aliquis. 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of verto, veto, gaudeo, vincio, 
 vinco. Inflect the singular of the Present Subjunctive 
 Active of verto and veto ; of the Future Indicative Pas- 
 sive of vincio ; and of the Imperfect Subjunctive of eo. 
 
 4. What Latin prepositions are followed by the Ablative 
 case ? By w T hat case are in and sub followed ? With what 
 case or cases are the following verbs respectively con- 
 structed : impero, pudet, doceo, obliviscor, ignosco ? What 
 do utinam adsit and utinam adesset respectively mean ? 
 Give the rules for the Subjunctive mood in the following 
 sentences : 1. Nemo est qui te non metuat. 2. Fortis est qui 
 
 j te non metuat. 3. Dicit adesse hominem qui te non metuat. 
 Write out the following words, and mark the quantity of 
 all the syllables : transituros, sustulit, oceanus, congredi, 
 virorum, reducit, tradiderint, mare, Cwsare, ruina, humilis, 
 victrices, acceperas, hostilis, ratus, nemini, tenebris, reliquod, 
 nomina, requiris, graviora, distrahit, antiquus, mentitur. 
 
 XI, 
 
 1. Decline triumvir, crinis, dies, cubile, imago, domus. 
 

 94 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Give the gender of each noun, with the rule. Give the 
 rules for the formation of the Genitive plural of the third 
 declension. Give the meaning of the terminations -He (e. g. 
 caprile), -ium (e. g. collegium). 
 
 2. Decline totus, dulcis, plus, quisquam. Compare capax, 
 nequam, pauper. Give the Latin for ten and multiples of 
 ten as far as one hundred. Form adjectives from Roma, 
 Athence, civis. 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of depromo, jaceo, verto, or- 
 dior, jacio, spondeo. Inflect the Perfect Subjunctive Pas- 
 sive of audeo ; the Imperfect Subjunctive of fio ; the 
 Present Subjunctive Passive of domo ; the Imperative of 
 ordior. 
 
 4. Give the rules for the cases that follow the verbs 
 potior, pudet, doceo, egeo, ignosco. Mention the various 
 constructions by which a Purpose may be expressed in 
 Latin. Give the rules for the use of the Subjunctive in 
 Eelative Clauses. When is a Dactylic Hexameter called 
 Spondaic ? 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. Decline Lucius, puppis, manus, bos, September, giving 
 the gender of each noun with the rule, and marking the 
 quantities of the final syllables throughout the declension 
 of the first three. Give the rules for the genders of the 
 following nouns : os, sermo, lapis, dies, exemplar. 
 
 2. Decline acer, par, fortis, idem. Compare similis, 
 pulcher, parvus. What are the meanings of the termina- 
 tions -lentus (e. g. opulentus), -ax (e. g. minax), -His (e. g. 
 humilis) ? Give the Latin for eleven, nineteen, seventy-six ; 
 seven, fourteenth, twenty-fifth. 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of Icedo, sero, seco, ccedo, 
 
 
LATIN GBAMMAB. 95 
 
 gaudeo, cado. Inflect the Present Subjunctive Active of 
 l&do ; the Future Passive of sero ; the Imperative Passive 
 of ccedo. 
 
 4. What case or cases follow the following verbs respec- 
 tively: condemno, celo, poznitet, pareo, interest? Write in 
 Latin "at Cannae"; "to Cannae"; "from Cannae"; "at 
 Rome." Translate : 1. Si Caesar adest, laetor. 2. Si adsit, 
 laeter. 3. Si adesset, laetarer. 4 Si adfuisset, laetatus 
 essenx 5. Si adfuerit, laetabor. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. Write down the following words and mark the quan- 
 tity of the penult, giving the rules of prosody : tempora, 
 responderunt, dederint, discedo, iniquus, oceanus, remanet, 
 egi, impedit, manus, brevis y cervices, protulit, nolite, vectigal. 
 
 2. Meaning of termination -etum in rosetum ? Of -olus 
 in filiolus ? Of -ax in loquax ? Of -mentum in tegmentum ? 
 
 3. Write the Perfects and Supines of diligo, reperio, ma- 
 neo, perfundo, indulgeo, cedo, ccedo, cado, moveo, cognosce 
 
 4 Compare acer, bene, magnus, similis, gravis. 
 
 5. Give the Present Subjunctive and Future Indicative 
 Third Person Singular of sum, cerno, eo, malo, caveo, venio. 
 
 6. Decline sedile, fructus, homo, vir, ingenium, melior. 
 
 7. Decline aliquis, alter, ipse. 
 
 8. What is the Latin for five? Fox fifth? For five 
 times ? For fifty ^ ? fiftieth ? fifty times ? Write in Latin : 
 One man in every ten. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. Give the gender of each of the following nouns, and 
 the rule for it : pax, pactio, manus, munus, salus, ager, pes. 
 
 2. Decline the following nouns, marking the quantity of 
 
96 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 the penultimate and final syllables in each form : filius, iter, 
 domus, dies. Give the rules for the formation of the Abla- 
 tive singular and Genitive plural of the third declension. 
 
 3. Decline solus, fortis, idem, quidam. Compare ingens, 
 similis, sacer. Give the meanings of the following endings 
 of nouns and adjectives: -ula (cornicula), -ium (ministe- 
 rium), -etum (saxetum), -icius (patricius). 
 
 4. Give the principal parts of the verbs /undo, veto, verto, 
 voveo, sancio, ccedo. Give the Third Person Singular of the 
 Present Subjunctive Active, and of the Future Indicative 
 Passive of veto, verto, and sancio. Inflect the Imperfect 
 Subjunctive Passive of facio, and the Future Indicative 
 Active of transeo. 
 
 5. By what cases respectively are these words followed : 
 occurro, condemno, sub, fruor, noceo ? 
 
 XV 
 
 1. Decline poema, domus, turris, Baice, marking the quan- 
 tity of all penultimate and final syllables. Give the gender 
 of each and the rule. Write the Vocative singular and 
 the Dative and Accusative plural of dea, genius, locus. 
 
 2. State the significance of the terminations in vehi- 
 culum, orator, virtus, docilis. Give the word from which 
 each is derived, and the rule for the quantity of the penult. 
 Translate istic, istuc, istinc. What kind of a verb is cito ? 
 Account for the quantity of its penultimate vowel. Give 
 the principal parts of tono, potior, vivo, fido, vincio, and 
 faveo. 
 
 3. What case or cases follow similis, fungor, recordor, in, 
 inter, interest? What classes of verbs are followed by 
 both Genitive and Accusative ? What two constructions 
 may follow circumdo ? 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 97 
 
 4. Give the rules for the Subjunctive after ut, utinam, 
 cum, dum, and quod (because). What is the meaning of 
 quominus, and after what expressions is it used ? When 
 may an Infinitive with its Subject Accusative stand inde- 
 pendent in a sentence ? When may the Subject of an In- 
 finitive be in the Nominative ? 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1. Decline deus, alius, tu, siquis, and audax, marking 
 the quantity of penultimate and final syllables. Compare 
 audax, multus, and nequam. Compare adverbs formed 
 from audax, tonus, miser, and honorificus. Give the rules 
 for the gender of formido, caput, pax, fas, and Tiber is. 
 
 2. Inflect the Future Indicative and Present Subjunctive 
 of teneo, gero, sto, and fio, marking the quantity of all the 
 syllables. Give the Infinitives of tollo and scribo. Give 
 all the Participles of haurio and orior. Give the principal 
 parts of uro, vendo, jparo, pario, pareo, memini, and nan- 
 ciscor. 
 
 3. What case or cases follow fido, jubeo, memini, pros- 
 sum, existimo, paznitet, contra, clam, and the interjection 
 ? By what two cases may price or value be expressed, 
 and when is one used and when the other ? What case 
 follows the comparative when quam is omitted ? When is 
 it necessary that quam be expressed ? Give five important 
 rules for the Ablative without a preposition after verbs. 
 
 4. When is ut omitted before the Subjunctive ? Give 
 the rules for the Subjunctive in Eelative Clauses. Trans- 
 late into Latin, " The plan of setting the city on fire," using 
 first the Gerund and then the Gerundive. Plan, consilium. 
 To set on fire, inflammare. 
 
98 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 1. Decline together f rater metes. Also decline in the 
 singular, with the proper gender of the adjective annexed, 
 nox {units), fides (Punicus), mare (tderque), Orion (nimbosus), 
 marking the quantity of penultimate and final syllables. 
 Decline in the plural, marking the quantities in the same 
 way, ensis (pugnax), portus (tutus), finis (extremus), mos 
 (vetus). Give the rule for the gender of each of the above 
 nouns. What is an Epicene Noun ? Give the significance 
 of the terminations -ax in (pugnax), -osus in (nimbosus), 
 also of -urio in (esurio), and -sco in (rubesco). Form an 
 abstract noun from solus. Compare pugnax, extremus, 
 vetus. Compare adverbs formed from cams, malus, similis. 
 
 2. Give the principal parts of reperio, ordior, cupio, 
 circumdo, aufero, tango, arcesso, marking the quantity of 
 the penult. Inflect (marking the quantity of the penult) 
 the Future Active Singular of maneo and venio ; and the 
 plural of the Present Subjunctive Passive of facto and 
 peto. Give all the Infinitives and Participles of purgo, 
 pergo, morior ; and inflect the Imperative Active of dico. 
 
 3. What case or cases follow 6b, occurro, moneo, gaudeo, 
 irascor, sub, pudet, pro, prozditus ? Give the rules for 
 verbs which govern two Accusatives. In what ways may 
 the agent be expressed ? State in what ways the construc- 
 tion of names of towns differs from that of other name 
 of places. Give all the rules for the Subjunctive, denoting 
 either purpose or result ; after quasi and priusquam ; in 
 the Indirect Discourse. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. Decline together in the singular Marcus Tullius Cicero 
 senex. In the same way decline (both in singular and 
 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 99 
 
 plural) with the adjective annexed in the proper gender, 
 dies (fastus), flumen {aureus) ; in the plural : arma (victrix), 
 dea (immortalis), Mark the quantity of all the vowels in 
 the above nouns and adjectives. State the significance of 
 the terminations -men in (flumen), -eus in (aureus), trix 
 in (victrix.) What classes of words of the third declension 
 form the Ablative in -i only ? 
 
 2. Give the principal parts of adjuvo, nolo, venio, pacis- 
 cor, sperno, foveo, mordeo, scindo, marking the quantity of 
 the penultimate vowel. Give the synopsis of mordeo and 
 paciscor ; give all the Infinitives and Participles ; and inflect 
 the Imperatives. 
 
 3. Give all the rules you remember for verbs that govern 
 the Dative. State the case or cases by which the price, 
 the source, time when, and place where (including names 
 of towns), are expressed, and give the rules. Give the 
 rule for the Subjunctive in the following sentences : Quid 
 enim, Catilina, est quod te jam in hac urbe delectare possit ? 
 Nunc ego mea video quid intersit. Supplicatio decreta est 
 his verbis quod urbem incendiis liberassem. C. Sulpicium 
 misi qui ex sedibus Cethegi, si quid telorum esset, efferret. 
 O fortunate adoleseens qui Homerum praeconem in veneris. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. Decline in the singular : fades, idem, ovile, sidus 3 
 filius. Decline in the plural : portus, dea, navis. Write the 
 gender over the nouns (rules not required), and mark the 
 quantity of all penultimate and final syllables. 1. Give 
 the significance of the terminations -He in ovile ; -men in 
 gestamen. 2. Form an abstract noun from felix; from 
 ceger. 3. Form a noun denoting the masculine agent from 
 adjuvo, and a frequentative verb from cieo, and account for 
 
100 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 the quantity of their penultimate vowels. 4 Compare 
 humilis, juvenis, and adverbs formed from felix and ceger. 
 
 2. 1. Give the principal parts of cado, ccedo, tono, re- 
 perio, curro, pasco, paciscor, marking the quantity of the 
 penult. 2. Give all the Infinitives and Participles of abeo, 
 ulciscor ; the Present Indicative of fio ; the Future Indica- 
 tive Active and the Present Subjunctive Passive of munio, 
 with the quantity of all the penults. 
 
 3. 1. What case or cases follow super, tenus, recordor, 
 fruor, similis ? 2. Give the principal parts of parco and 
 confido, and the case that follows each. 3. Give the rules 
 for the two cases after pudet, do, doceo, moneo. 4 Give 
 the Latin for " at home," " at Carthage/' " from Carthage," 
 " from Italy," " to Athens." Tu discessu ceterorum nostra 
 tamen, qui remansissemus csede te contentum esse dicebas. 
 5. Give the rules for discessu and ccede. What is the 
 antecedent of qui ? 
 
 4 1. Give the rules for the Subjunctive after dum, cum, 
 quominus. 2. Would ne or ut non follow restat and moneo, 
 respectively ? Why ? Statuisti quo quemque proficisci 
 placeret, .... dixisti paululum tibi esse etiam nunc 
 morae, quod ego viverem. Reperti sunt duo equites Ro- 
 mani qui te ista cura liberarent. Idoneus est qui impetret 
 quern legatum velit. Exclusi eos quos tu ad me salutatum 
 miseras. 3. Explain the Subjunctives in the above sen- 
 tences ; the tense of impetret 4. Give the rule for salu- 
 tatum. 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. Decline soror, vir, vis, vulnus, animal. Give the 
 gender of each of these nouns, with the rule. Mark the 
 quantity of all the penultimate and final syllables you write 
 in this section. Give the Genitive plural of gens and hostis, 
 with the rules. 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 101 
 
 2. Decline sacer, acer, alius. Compare similis, superus, 
 parvus, juvenis. Form and compare adverbs from acer, 
 alius. Decline idem, tu, and aliquis. Give the Latin 
 numerals for sixty, seventy, eighty, six hundred, seven hundred, 
 eight hundred. 
 
 3. Give the principal parts of vinco, vincio, spondeo, 
 domo, lacesso, cazdo, audeo. All the Participles and In- 
 finitives of adipiscor and few. The Second Person Singular 
 of the Future Indicative and of the Imperfect Subjunctive 
 of audeo, audio, fugio, eo, possum, volo. Mark all penul- 
 timate and final syllables you write in this section. 
 
 4. How is price or value expressed in Latin ? time in 
 which ? place where ? What case or cases follow the verbs 
 miseret, obliviscor, ignosco, fungor, rogo, respectively ? 
 
 5. What is a Spondee ? an Iambus ? What is an Heroic 
 Hexameter ? 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. Decline mare, pignus, cor, fructus. Give the gender 
 of these nouns, with the rules. Mark the quantity of any 
 increments that occur in their declension. 
 
 2. Compare humilis, niger, malus. Give the synopsis of 
 morior and gaudeo. Give the Second Person of the Future 
 Indicative, and of the Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Sub- 
 junctive of spew, few, volo, in the Active Voice. The same 
 offacio and audio in the Passive. Give the principal parts 
 offateor, tono, peto, vincio, colo, tango. 
 
 3. Compare diu. Form and compare an adverb from 
 brevis. What are the meanings of the terminations of 
 copiosus, civilis, audacia, victrix ? What cases follow infero, 
 pcenitet, parco, careo, fruor, tenax, fretus, in, ante, super ? 
 
 4 How is the place to which, the price ; the agent of 
 a Passive verb expressed in Latin ? 
 
102 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 5. How is a condition contrary to the fact expressed in 
 Latin ? State one case in which a Kelative Clause requires 
 the Subjunctive. One case where the Subjunctive is used 
 in Principal Clauses. What is a Gerundive ? Give an 
 example. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1. Decline Penelope, mons, cubile, and give the gender 
 with the rules. Mark the quantity of penults and final 
 syllables of the above words. Decline uterque. Decline 
 acer, and compare it. Form an adverb from it, and com- 
 pare it. 
 
 2. Compare senex and munificus. Give the derivation 
 of filiolus, documentum, quercetum, audax, capesso, and the 
 meaning of the terminations. Give all the Participles and 
 Infinitives of vereor and ccedo, and mark the quantity of 
 the penults. Inflect the Imperative of few, ordior, nolo, 
 fateor. Give the Present and Imperfect Subjunctive First 
 Person Singular of adjuvo, eo, soleo, and fugio, marking the 
 quantity of the penults. Give the principal parts of pario, 
 pareo, paw, reddo, redeo, surgo, and of the compound of ah 
 and few. 
 
 3. What case or cases follow refert, irascor, circumdo ? 
 How do the constructions of names of towns differ from 
 those of other words ? How is the degree of difference ex- 
 pressed in Latin ? How the agent by the participle in -dus ? 
 What construction is used after verbs of Saying ? Verbs 
 of Fearing ? How may a Purpose be expressed ? How 
 does a Gerund resemble a noun ? How does it resemble a 
 verb ? How does the Gerundive differ from it ? 
 
 XXIII. 
 1. Decline filius, pectvs, manus, animal. Give the gen- 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 103 
 
 ders and mark the quantity of all penultimate and final 
 syllables. Give the gender and the Ablative singular and 
 Genitive plural of imago, mons, vis, turris, sedile. Decline 
 capax, mger, and the comparative of miser. Compare facilis, 
 acer, and an adverb formed from piger. Decline uterque. 
 
 2. Give the First Person of the Future Indicative, and all 
 tenses of the Subjunctive of possum, pario, sono, vereor, eo, 
 soleo. Mark quantities of penults. Give the Infinitives 
 and Participles, Active and Passive, of spondeo, morior, 
 paro, qucero, queror, adipiscor. 
 
 3. Explain the force of the derivative terminations in 
 longitudo, tenax, vehiculum, Priamides, clamito, vinolentus, 
 filiolus. 
 
 4. What is the construction in Latin of the place in 
 which (including names of towns) ? the price or value ? the 
 degree or measure of difference between objects compared ? 
 the agent in the Passive Voice ? What case or cases follow 
 credo, pudet, fungor, refert, aptus, avidus, dignus, in, pro, 
 propter, doceo, condemno, circumdo I 
 
 5. How is a future condition with its conclusion ex- 
 pressed ? How a condition contrary to fact ? How an object 
 clause after a verb of Fearing ; of Commanding ; of Saying ? 
 Translate cave eas and explain the peculiarity. When can 
 you use the Gerundive for the Gerund ? Give an example 
 of each. Give an example of the use of the Supine. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 1. Decline the following words, and give their genders 
 respectively : onus, collis, salus, gradus. Decline felix, qui- 
 dam, senex. Compare parvus, beneficus. Form and com- 
 pare an adverb from acer. 
 
 2. Give a synopsis of mordeo, scio t in the Active Voice, 
 
104 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 and of hortor, orior, polliceor, nolo. Give the principal 
 parts of paw, pario, pareo, ulciscor, pango, tollo. 
 
 3. What are the meanings of the derivative terminations 
 in acritudo, clamito, vinculum, parvulus ? 
 
 4. What case or cases follow moneo, prosum, rogo, in, 
 prceter ? What is the force of num in a question ? of ne ? 
 Explain the mood and tense of mansisset in, " Mansissetque 
 utinam fortuna." Explain the mood of esset and the case of 
 fronde in " Nos delubra miseri, quibus ultimus esset ille dies 
 velamus fronde." Explain the mood of polliceantur in " Ad 
 eum legati veniunt, qui polliceantur obsides dare." With 
 what other constructions could the same idea be expressed ? 
 What is the use of the supine in -um ? in -u ? Explain con- 
 struction of usui and fore in " Magno sibi usui fore arbitra- 
 batur." Describe the feet of two syllables. Mark the 
 quantity of the penults and last syllables in the above 
 extracts. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 Translate the following extract: — 
 
 Imitatus est homo Eomanus veterem ilium Socratem, 
 qui cum omnium sapientissimus esset sanctissimeque vixis- 
 set, ita in judicio capitis pro se ipse dixit, ut non supplex aut 
 reus sed magister aut dominus videretur esse judicum ; quin 
 etiam cum ei scriptam orationem disertissimus orator Lysias 
 attulisset, quam si ei videretur edisceret ut ea pro se in 
 judicio uteretur, non invitus legit et commode scriptam esse 
 dixit. 
 
 Decline veterem, magister, judicum, ei. 
 
 Compare invitus, sanctissime. 
 
 Give the principal parts of imitatus, vixisset, attulisset, 
 edisceret, uteretur. 
 
 Give all the Participles and Infinitives of scriptam esse. 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 1C5 
 
 What are the derivations of Bomanus, orationem, orator, 
 and the meaning of the derivative terminations in each ? 
 
 What is the construction (i. e. where are they made and 
 why) of omnium, se, videretur (in each of the two cases), 
 edisceret, ea, scriptam esse, ei (first one), attulisset ? 
 
 What are the principal rules for the change from Direct 
 Discourse to Indirect ? 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 Translate: — 
 
 Sin autem quis requirit, quae causa nos impulerit, ut haec 
 tarn sero Uteris mandaremus, nihil est, quod expedire tarn 
 facile possimus. Nam, cum otio langueremus, et is esset 
 reipublicae status, ut earn unius consilio atque cura gubernari 
 necesse esset ; primum, ipsius reipublicae causa, philoso- 
 phiam nostris hominibus explicandam putavi, magni existi- 
 mans interesse ad decus et ad laudem civitatis, res tarn 
 graves tamque praeclaras Latinis etiam literis contineri. 
 Eoque me minus instituti mei pcenitet, quod facile sentio, 
 quam multorum non modo discendi, sed etiam scribendi, 
 studia commoverim. Complures enim, Graecis institutioni- 
 bus eruditi, ea, quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communi- 
 care non poterant, quod ilia, quae a Graecis accepissent, 
 Latine dici posse dimderent. Quo in genere tantum pro- 
 fecisse videmur, ut a Graecis ne verborum quidem copia 
 vinceremur. 
 
 Decline civibus, decus, status, quis, graves. 
 
 Compare minus, graves. 
 
 Give the principal parts, Active and Passive (if any), of 
 requirit, impulerit, sentio, diffiderent, eruditi, vinceremur. 
 
 Give the synopsis of didicerant, commoverim, pcenitet. 
 
 Explain construction (where made and why) of possimus, 
 esset, hominibus, magni, me, instituti, scribendi, commoverim, 
 diffiderent. 
 
106 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXVII 
 
 Translate (omit any words you do not remember, but 
 give their construction) : — 
 
 P. Scipionem, Marce fili, eum, qui primus Africanus ap- 
 pellatus est, dicere solitum scripsit Cato, qui fuit eius fere 
 eequalis, numquam se minus otiosum esse quam cum otio- 
 sus, nee minus solum quam cum solus esset : magnifica 
 vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna ; quae declarat 
 ilium et in otio de negotiis cogitare et in solitudine secum 
 loqui solitum, ut neque cessaret umquam et interdum con- 
 loquio alterius non egeret; ita duse res, quae languorem 
 adferunt ceteris, ilium acuebant, otium et solitude Vel- 
 lem nobis hoc idem vere dicere liceret. 
 
 1. (a) Give the principal parts of the verbs from which 
 come the forms solitum, scripsit, loqui, egeret, acuebant, liceret, 
 vellem. (b) Give the Present, Imperfect, and Perfect Sub- 
 junctive, and all the participles of the same verbs, (c) Mark 
 the quantity of each penult in the forms you have given. 
 
 2. Decline cequalis, solus, viro, idem. 
 
 3. Compare primus, minus, vere. 
 
 4. Account for mood and tense of dicere, solitum, esset, 
 cessaret, vellem, liceret. 
 
 5. Account for case of eius, vox, viro, otio, conloquio, nobis, 
 ceteris. 
 
 6. Explain derivation of azqualis, otiosus, magnifica, ne- 
 gotiis, solitudine, cessaret, conloquio, acuebant. 
 
 7. Mark the feet and quantities and explain the metre 
 of the following lines : — 
 
 Cetera labuntur celeri caelestia motu 
 
 Cum caeloque simul noctesque diesque feruntur. 
 
LATIN GRAMMAR. 107 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 Translate : — 
 
 M. Atilius Eegulus, cum consul iteruni in Africa ex in- 
 sidiis captus esset duce Xanthippe- Lacedcemonio, impera- 
 tore autem patre Hannibalis Hamilcare, iuratus missus est 
 ad senatum, ut, nisi redditi essent Poenis captivi nobiles 
 quidam, rediret ipse Karthaginem. Is cum Romam venis- 
 set, utilitatis speciem videbat, sed earn, ut res declarat, fal- 
 sam judicavit ; quae erat talis : manere in patria, esse 
 domui suae cum uxore, cum liberis, quam calamitatem ac- 
 cepisset in bello, communem fortunae bellicae judicantem 
 tenere consularis dignitatis gradum. Quis haec negat esse 
 utilia ? quern censes ? magnitudo animi et fortitudo negat. 
 Num. locupletiores quaeris auctores ? 
 
 Decline together Atilius Regulus ; captivi nobiles qui- 
 dam; speciem falsam. 
 
 Give principal parts of the verbs from which come red- 
 diti essent, rediret, manere, qumris. 
 
 Give the Present and Perfect Subjunctive (1st Person) 
 and all the participles of the above verbs, and inflect the 
 Future Indicative. 
 
 Mark the quantity of the penults and last syllables of 
 all the Latin words you have written. 
 
 Explain the derivation and force of derivative ending of 
 the words auctores, nobiles, utilitatis, consularis, utilia, fal- 
 sam, bellicaz. 
 
 What is the stem and what the root of magnitudo ? An- 
 alyze the word by derivation as far as you can. Do you 
 know any other words in Latin or other languages from the 
 same root ? 
 
 Explain construction of Pcenis, duce y Romam, domui, for- 
 tunes. 
 
108 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Explain mood of redditi essent, rediret, manere, accepisset. 
 Mark the quantities and divide into feet the following 
 lines. What verse and metre are they ? 
 
 Quodcumque attigerit, siqua est studiosa sinistri 
 
 Ad vitinm mores instruet inde suos. 
 
FRENCH. 109 
 
 FEENCH. 
 
 I 
 
 I. Charles XII. eprouva ce que la prosperite a de plus 
 grand et ce que l'adversite a de plus cruel, sans avoir ete 
 amolli par l'une ni ebranle par l'autre. Presque toutes 
 ses actions, jusqu'a celles de sa vie privee, ont ete bien au 
 dela du vraisemblable. C'est peut-etve le seul de tous les 
 homines, et jusqu'ici le seul de tous les rois, qui ait vecu 
 sans faiblesse ; il a porte toutes les vertus des heros a un 
 exces ou elles sont aussi dangereuses que les vices opposes. 
 
 II. II a ete le premier qui ait eu l'ambition d'etre con- 
 querant sans avoir l'envie d'agrandir ses Etats ; il voulait 
 gagner des empires pour les donner. Sa passion pour la 
 gloire, pour la guerre, et pour la vengeance, l'empecha d'etre 
 bon politique, qualite sans laquelle on n'a jamais vu de con- 
 querant. Avant la bataille et apres la victoire, il n'avait 
 que de la modestie ; apres la defaite, que de la fermete ; 
 dur pour les autres comme pour lui-meme, comptant pour 
 rien la peine et la vie de ses sujets aussi bien que la sienne : 
 homme unique plutot que grand homme, admirable plutot 
 qu'a imiter. Sa vie doit apprendre aux rois combien un 
 gouvernement pacifique et heureux est au-dessus de tant de 
 gloire. 
 
 III. Charles XII. etait d'une taille avantageuse et no- 
 ble ; il avait un beau front, de grands yeux bleus remplis 
 de douceur, un nez bien forme, mais le bas du visage desa- 
 greable, trop souvent defigure par un rire frequent qui ne 
 partait que des levres ; presque point de barbe ni de che- 
 
110 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 veux : il parlait tres-peu, et ne repondait souvent que par 
 ce rire dont il avait pris l'habitude. On observait a sa 
 table un silence profond. II avait conserve dans l'innexi- 
 bilite de son caractere cette timidite qu'on nomme mau- 
 vaise honte ; il eut ete embarrasse dans une conversation, 
 parce que, s'e*tant donne tout entier aux travaux et a la 
 guerre, il n' avait jamais connu la society. — Voltaire. 
 
 1. Translate II. and III. of the above. 
 
 2. State mood and tense of italicized verbs in I., and 
 give them in full. 
 
 3. Give the principal tenses of devoir, connaitre, appren- 
 dre, vivre. (Thus, Infin., etre ; Pres. Part., itant ; Past 
 Part., ete; Pres. Ind., je suis ; Pret., je fus) 
 
 4 Using mostly the words of I., translate into French : 
 (a) Charles has lived in adversity, (b) This man is dan- 
 gerous, (c) All heroes have not lived in the greatest pros- 
 perity, (d) Have you re-read (relu) what you have writ- 
 ten (&rit) ? 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. Ill 
 
 ARITHMETIC. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Eeduce f, ^g, ^, and ^ to their Least Common De- 
 nominator. 
 
 2. Divide J£l by 42. Divide | of if by T 4 T of f|. 
 
 3. Eeduce » of 3 T of A to its simplest form. 
 
 4. Eeduce ^ of a gallon to the fraction of a gilL 
 
 5. Add J J, and ^ off 
 
 6. How long must $ 133 be on interest (simple) at 7 per 
 cent to gain $ 32,585 ? 
 
 7. What is the compound interest on $ 1,000 for 3 years 
 at 7 per cent (interest payable annually) ? 
 
 8. What is the cube of J ? of .006 ? 
 
 9. Divide 46.08 by 1,000. Divide 1.096641 by 15.21. 
 
 10. What is the square root of 104.8576 ? 
 
 1L What is a Circulating Decimal ? Give an example 
 of a Circulating Decimal. 
 12. What are Duodecimals ? 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 48 and 130. 
 
 2. Eeduce £, J, ^, and \^ to their Least Common De- 
 nominator. 
 
 3. What part of ^ is £ ? 
 
 4. Subtract 15J from 18|. 
 
112 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 5. Divide 1^ by 1J. Multiply the same. 
 
 6. Divide £ of f- of 2J by ^. 
 
 7. Write l-^- and 2 T a g in a decimal form. Give the 
 division in decimals of the first by the second. 
 
 8. Divide .09 by .0016. Multiply them. 
 
 9. Divide 876.196 by 2.12. If the decimal point were 
 moved, in the first, two places to the left, and, in the second, 
 one place to the right, how many times greater or less 
 would the quotient be ? 
 
 10. Find the square root of 49.2804 
 
 11. What is the fourth power of 2 ? of 0.2 ? of .02 ? 
 
 12. If a man travels 64 rods in .05 of an hour, how many 
 minutes will it take him to go a mile ? 
 
 13. Find the simple interest on $1,000 for 1 yr. 2 
 mos. and 12 ds. 
 
 14. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 12 ft. 
 4 in. long, 2 ft. 3 in. wide, and 4 in. thick? (Multi- 
 plication of Duodecimals.) 
 
 III. 
 
 1. What is the Least Common Multiple of 20, 24, and 
 36? 
 
 2. Add £, |, 2^, and 3-^. 
 
 3. Multiply 48 by &. Divide T % by &. 
 
 4. Eeduce - — tJ-^ — - to its simplest form. 
 
 5. Eeduce J- of a bushel to the fraction of a pint. 
 
 6. Eeduce 5 yds. 2 ft. 6 in. to the decimal of a rod, 
 long measure. 
 
 7. Multiply 34.27 by 60,000. Divide 10634.16 by .4506. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 113 
 
 8. At what rate per cent must $ 370 be put on interest 
 to gain $ 5^.50 in three years ? 
 
 9. Wh^t is the amount of $25 for 3 yrs. 5 mos. at 
 impound interest ? 
 
 10. What is the third power of 30 ? of .03 ? 
 
 11. What is the square root of 104.8576 ? 
 
 12. What are the contents of a granite block that is 8 
 ft. 9 in. long, 3 ft. 2 in. wide, and 2 ft. 5 in. thick ? (Multi- 
 plication of Duodecimals.) 
 
 IY. 
 
 1. What is the Greatest Common Divisior of 1181 and 
 2741? 
 
 2. Reduce f , ^ and ^ to a Common Denominator. 
 
 3. Divide J of ^ by T \ of |-|. 
 
 4. Add jj|, |, and ^ of f 
 
 5. Eeduce ff of a gallon to quarts, pints, etc. 
 
 6. Multiply 4 lbs. 8 oz. 16 dwt. 20 gr. by 72. 
 
 7. Find the interest on $ 76.72 from April 18, 1852, to 
 January 26, 1855, at 6 per cent. 
 
 8. What principal at 6 per cent will amount to 
 $ 360,585 in 16 months ? 
 
 9. Multiply .427 by 345. 
 
 10. Divide 87.69 by 47, also by .47. 
 
 11. What is the square root of 747.4756 ? 
 
 12. Give an example of a Continued Fraction. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Name all the Prime numbers in the series of numbers 
 between 1 and 30 inclusive ; resolve all the Composite 
 
114 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 numbers into their Prime Factors ; and name all the perfect 
 squares, cubes, and other powers in the same series. 
 
 2. From | of § take J of f . 
 
 3. Divide j| X 721 by § of f of 9f . 
 
 4. Eeduce 9 rds. 1 ft. and 6 in. to the fraction of a furlong. 
 
 5. Multiply 8.764 by 40.015. 
 
 6. What is the square of 11 ? of .11 ? 
 
 7. Divide 769.428 by 200 ; by .00002. 
 
 8. Transform the Infinite Decimal .216 into its equiva- 
 lent Vulgar Fraction. 
 
 9. What quantity of boards will be required to lay a floor 
 14 ft. 8' 3" in length and 13 ft. 6' 9" in width ? (Multiplica- 
 tion of Duodecimals.) 
 
 10. Find the square root of 4190209. 
 
 11. Find the interest on $76.72 from April 18, 1852, to 
 January 26, 1855, at 6 per cent. 
 
 12. If $ 50 gain $ 5.60 in 3 yrs. 6 mos., at simple in- 
 terest, what is the rate per cent ? 
 
 13. Give an example of a Continued Fraction. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. What are the Prime Factors of 360 ? 
 
 2. What part of a mile is one inch ? 
 
 97 
 
 3. Eeduce 3 | to a Simple Fraction. 
 
 4. Add -| of a pound, f of a shilling, and £ of a penny 
 together. 
 
 5. What is the product of £ of fj of 15, and if of llf ? 
 
 6. Divide 100 by 4J, 
 
 7. What is the square of 10.01 ? 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. 115 
 
 8. Divide .1 by .0001. Divide 10 by .1. 
 
 9. Eeduce -fa to a decimal. Reduce T |^ to a Circulating 
 Decimal. 
 
 10. What is the interest on $ 1461.75 for 4 yrs. 9 mos. 
 at 8 per cent ? 
 
 11. The interest on $437.21 for 9 yrs. 9 mos. is 
 $127,884 : what is the rate of interest ? 
 
 12. Find the square root of 4.426816. 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. What is the Least Common Multiple of 21, 36, 50, 
 and 64 ? 
 
 2. Add together f , Jf , and -j 4 ¥ , and from their sum sub- 
 tract T \. 
 
 3. Multiply f| by T % f 2\. 
 
 4. Eeduce T \ of a furlong to inches. 
 
 5. Multiply 200.043 by 2.021. 
 
 6. Divide 9.00081 by 900 ; 4004004 by .002 ; .000624 
 by 324. 
 
 7. What are the contents of a granite block 12 ft. 2' 3" 
 long, 6 ft. 8' 9" wide, and 4 ft. 9' 2" thick ? 
 
 8. What is the amount of $ 5216.75 from January 21, 
 1860, to July 3, 1863, at 8 per cent, compound interest? 
 
 9. Find the cube of 10.1 ; of 1.01. 
 
 10. Find the square root of 49.87604. 
 
 11. Define a Circulating Decimal and give an example. 
 What is a Continued Fraction ? 
 
 12. What is the difference between an Arithmetical and 
 a Geometrical Progression ? 
 
116 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. What is a Prime Number ? Find the Prime Factors 
 of 4800. 
 
 2. What Prime Factors compose the Greatest Common 
 Divisor and the Least Common Multiple of several 
 numbers ? Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the 
 Least Common Multiple of 84, 126, and 140. 
 
 3. From f- of ^ subtract -fo of 1^. 
 
 4. Divide A of ¥ of 3% by j^_- 
 
 5. Give the rule for pointing off in the multiplication of 
 decimals, and explain the reason. 
 
 6. Multiply 0.0400268 by 0.260075. 
 
 7. Divide 0.011825369 by 5.884. What is the quotient 
 of 118253690 by the same divisor ? 
 
 8. Eeduce ^fo" to a Circulating Decimal Verify the 
 result by reducing it back to a Vulgar Fraction. 
 
 9. Eeduce 0.845 of a mile to furlongs, rods, feet, and 
 inches. 
 
 10. The interest on $ 127.50 from June 26, 1798, to May 
 8, 1802, was $36,975 : calculate the rate of interest. 
 
 11. Find the square root of 7.333264. 
 
 12. Find the cube root of 96702.579. 
 
 13. If 6 men can build 20 feet of a stone-wall in 10 
 days, how many men can build 360 feet of the same wall 
 in 90 days ? 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Reduce 10917 to the product of its Prime Factors. 
 
 2. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 720, 336, and 
 1736 ; Least Common Denominator of ff , ^, ^ 
 
ARITHMETIC. 117 
 
 3. From 36^- take f 
 
 4. Multiply f of ^ of 4J by %3 ^ lf - What part of || 
 
 yards is |- of an inch ? 
 
 5. Give the rule for pointing off in multiplication of 
 decimals, and explain its reason. 
 
 6. Eeduce 0.0007648267 to a Vulgar Fraction. 
 
 7. The product of three numbers = 70.04597 ; two of 
 them equal 3.91 and 3.0005 respectively. Find the third. 
 
 8. Eeduce the Infinite Decimal 0.81247 to a Vulgar 
 Fraction. 
 
 9. Find the amount of $1000 for 2 yrs. 2 mos. 12 
 ds., compound interest, at 6 per cent, payable annually. 
 
 10. Find the square root of 39.037504. 
 
 11. Find the cube root of 0.000000148877. 
 
 12. Find the third power of 3 ; of 0.3 ; of 0.003. 
 
 13. If a family of 9 persons spends $ 305 in 4 months, 
 how many dollars will maintain it 8 months, if 5 persons 
 more were added to the family ? Multiply 10 ft. 3' 2" by 
 6 ft. 7' 8". 
 
 X. 
 
 1. What is a Prime Number ? When are two numbers 
 prime to each other ? What Prime Factors compose the 
 Greatest Common Divisor and the Least Common Multiple 
 of several numbers ? Find the Greatest Common Divisor 
 and Least Common Multiple of 156, 234, and 260. 
 
 2. From ^ of If subtract ^ of ■£$ ; reduce the answer 
 to its lowest terms, and reduce it to a decimal. 
 
 3. Divide l£ of £ of If by w ^- 
 
 
118 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 4. Seduce J^f £# to its lowest terms. Eeduce ^ l| , T 4 g, 
 ^, and g X Q to their Least Common Denominator, add them, 
 and reduce the sum to its simplest form. 
 
 5. Multiply 6.4 by 1.5. Multiply 0.64 by 0.15. Divide 
 701.5 by 2.806. Divide 0.7015 by 280.6. Eeduce the last 
 answer to its lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction. 
 
 6. The number 209.069673692836 is composed of three 
 factors, of which two are 20083.6 and 0.260075. Find the 
 third factor. 
 
 7. State the rule for pointing off in the multiplication of 
 decimals, and give its reason. 
 
 8. Eeduce the Infinite Decimal 0.0136 to its lowest terms 
 as a Vulgar Fraction, and verify the result by reducing 
 back to a decimal. 
 
 9. Calculate the date at which a sum of $ 450, which was 
 put at simple interest at 8 per cent, December 30, 1797, 
 amounted to $ 642.30. 
 
 10. Eeduce 6 fur. 30 r. 6 ft. 7^ in. to the decimal of a 
 mile. 
 
 11. Divide 5 cwt. 12 lbs. 4 oz. by 7. Multiply 2 ft. 3' 7" 
 by 9ft. 5' 11". Eeduce £17 9s. 3d. to Federal money, 
 taking 4 s. 6d. = $l. 
 
 12. Find the proportion in which sugars worth 5 cents 
 and 8 cents a pound must be taken to form a mixture worth 
 6f cents a pound. 
 
 13. How many digits compose the 3d power of a number 
 containing two digits ? What is the reason of your 
 answer ? What is the third power of 3 ? of 0.3 ? of 0.03 ? 
 of 30? 
 
 14 Find the cube root of 39512.447416. 
 
 15. Find the square root of 13 to five places of decimals. 
 
ARITHMETIC. 119 
 
 16. If 3 men can build a wall 60 feet long, 8 feet 
 high, and 3 feet thick, in 64 days of 9 hours, how many 
 days of 8 hours will 20 men require to build a wall 400 
 feet long, 9 feet high, and 5 feet thick ? 
 
 XI. 
 
 1. Which of the numbers 5, 9, 13, 18, 21, 25, are Prime 
 Numbers ? and which of them are prime to the number 10 ? 
 
 2. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the Least 
 Common Multiple of 630, 840, and 2772. 
 
 3. From | of f f subtract %\ of 2| ; reduce the answer to 
 its lowest terms ; and reduce it to a decimal. 
 
 4. Divide || of Y % X 13| by ^|. 
 
 5. Multiply 76000 by 1.05. Multiply 0.076 by 0.0105. 
 Divide 2926.5 by 0.3902. Divide 29.265 by 390.2. Se- 
 duce the last answer to its lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction. 
 
 6. Reduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
 Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.27, 0.0127, 0.0027, 0.0027. 
 
 7. Calculate the date at which a sum of $234, which was 
 put at simple interest at 9 per cent, October 25, 1798, 
 amounted to $ 351. 
 
 8. Reduce 6 fur. 30 r. 6 ft. 7| in. to the decimal of a mile. 
 
 9. Find the cube root of 9358 to two places of decimals. 
 
 10. If 6 men can build a wall 80 feet long, 10 feet 
 high, and 9 feet thick, in 100 days of 9 hours, how many 
 days of 10 hours will be required by 15 men to build a 
 wall 200 feet long, 9 feet high, and 5 feet thick ? 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and Least Com- 
 mon Multiple of 144 and 780. 
 
 
120 EXAMINATION PAPEES. 
 
 2. Eeduce J, f , ■£%, and l| to their Least Common De- 
 nominator. 
 
 3. What part of £ is f ! 
 4 Subtract 15 J from 18f. 
 
 5. Divide 1J by 1J. Multiply the two together. 
 
 6. Divide \ of f of 2J by ^. 
 
 7. Write lg 1 ^- and 2 T 1 6 - in a decimal form. Give the 
 division in decimals of the first by the second. 
 
 8. Divide .09 by .0016. Multiply them. 
 
 9. Divide 876.196 by 2.12. If the decimal point were 
 moved, in the first, two places to the left, and, in the 
 second, one place to the right, how many times greater or 
 less would the quotient be ? 
 
 10. Find the cube root of 51 to three places of decimals. 
 
 11. Eeduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
 Infinite or Circulating Decimals, 0.2343,0.002343, 0.012343, 
 0.002343. 
 
 12. If a man travel 64 rods in .05 of an hour, how many 
 minutes will it take him to go a mile ? 
 
 13. Find the simple interest on $1000 for 6 yrs. 4 
 mos. and 15 ds. at 8 per cent. 
 
 14. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 12 ft. 4 
 in. long, 2 ft. 3 in. wide, and 4 in. thick ? 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. Eeduce fffo" o * ^ s l° wes t terms. 
 
 2. Eeduce ■£$, \%, -£%, ^, and g 1 ^ to their Least Common 
 Denominator ; add them, and reduce the result to a deci- 
 mal form. 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. 121 
 
 1 f 2 X 
 
 3. Divide T 9 ^ of T 7 ^ of 8J-, by 18 i • Simplify, and re- 
 duce to lowest terms by cancelling. 
 
 4. Multiply 37900000 by 2.005. Multiply 0.0379 by 
 0.2005. Write the numbers 37900000 and 0.0379 in 
 words. 
 
 5. Divide 1909.14 by 0.02708. Divide 190.914 by 
 27080. 
 
 6. Eeduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
 Infinite or Circulating Decimals, 0.0081, 0.0081, 0.1081, 
 0.108. 
 
 7. Find the simple interest on $1000 for 5 yrs. 4 
 mos. and 15 ds. at 20 per cent. To how much will 
 $ 1000 amount in 4 years, at compound interest, at 20 per 
 cent? 
 
 8. Eeduce 5 fur. 33 r. 9 ft. 10 1 in. to the decimal of a 
 mile. Eeduce £ 17 8 s. 9 d. to Federal money, taking 4 s. 
 |d. = $l. 
 
 9. Multiply 2 ft. 3' 7" by 9 ft. 5' 11". 
 
 10. Find the cube root of 77869 to three places of 
 decimals. Find the square root of 0.5 to five places of 
 decimals. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. Eeduce ^| f|$ to its lowest term. What is a Prime 
 number ? When are two numbers said to be prime to each 
 other ? 
 
 2. Find the value of £ — 1 -\~ 4| -f- \ -| -f- xV » an( ^ reduce 
 the result to its lowest terms, and also to a decimal form. 
 
 3. From 3|- subtract U^- of ^ of 1|\ -r-^% Simplify 
 by cancelling. 
 
122 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 4. Multiply 2.708 by 0.007005. What is the product 
 of 2.708 by 70050000 ? Write the numbers 0.007005 and 
 70050000 in words. 
 
 5. Divide 283891.3 by 0.07084. What is the quotient 
 of 2.838913 divided by 708.4 ? 
 
 6. From 1 sq. rd. 5 sq. ft. subtract 7 sq. yd. 139 sq. in. 
 Divide £ 32 16 s. 3 d. by 7. 
 
 7. Reduce 44920.9025 hours to years (of 365 days), 
 days, hours, minutes, and seconds. 
 
 8. Find the cube root of 0.61 to five places of decimals. 
 Find the square root of 79000 to three places of decimals. 
 
 9. Reduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
 Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.00054 and 0.20054. 
 Add 0.03 to 0.462, expressing the result as an Infinite or 
 Circulating Decimal. 
 
 10. A certain sum of money was put at simple interest 
 at 9 per cent, December 21, 1790. At what date did it 
 become tripled ? 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. What is the Greatest Common Divisor of two num- 
 bers ? of 4760 and 3432 ? 
 
 2. Subtract £ of f from § of ~| } add to the remainder ^g, 
 
 divide the result by 6-J, and change the quotient to a deci- 
 mal. 
 
 3. Divide 0.000647808 by 6.72. Write the quotient in 
 words. 
 
 4. I owe three notes bearing interest from date : the first, 
 dated June 1, 1866, is for $450.00; the second, dated Dec. 
 17, 1866, is for $ 750.00 ; the third, dated March 15, 1867, 
 
ARITHMETIC. 123 
 
 is for $600.00. I wish to substitute for these a single note 
 for $ 1800.00: what should be the date of it ? 
 
 5. Find the square root of 0.9. 
 
 6. Find the cube root of 751089.429. 
 
 7. Find the cube of 4 ; of 0.4 ; of 0.0004. 
 
 8. A sum of money was put at interest, at 7^ per cent, 
 October 30, 1866 : at what date will it be tripled ? (A 
 year = 365 days.) 
 
 9. If 4 men dig a trench 84 feet long and 5 feet wide in 
 3 days of 8 hours each, how many men can dig a trench 
 420 feet long and 3 feet wide in 4 days of 9 hours each ? 
 
 10. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 12 ft. 4 
 in. long, 2 ft. 5 in. wide at one end, 2 ft. 1 in. wide at the 
 other, and 4 in. thick ? 
 
 11. In what proportion shall sugars worth 7 and 12 cents 
 a pound be taken to form a mixture worth 9J cents a 
 pound ? 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1. What is the Least Common Multiple of two or more 
 
 numbers ? of 48, 98, 21, and 27 ? 
 
 2. Add gx and dp divide the result by 7Jf, and 
 change the quotient to a decimal 
 
 3. A certain bank declares a semiannual dividend of 4 
 per cent : what can I afford to pay for its shares if I wish 
 to get 6 per cent a year for my money ? 
 
 4. Eeduce .445 of an acre to rods, feet, and inches. 
 
 5. Divide 0.0018891 by 3.75. Write the quotient in 
 words. 
 
 6. Find the cube root of 748613.312 ; of 0.27. 
 
124 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 7. Find the square of 0.9 ; of three inillionths. Write 
 the results in words. 
 
 8. How many feet, board measure, in a plank 16 ft. 4 in. 
 long, 1 ft. 7 in. wide, and 4^- in. thick ? 
 
 9. A, B, and C hire a pasture for S 92. A pastures 6 
 horses for 8 weeks, B 12 oxen for 10 weeks, and C 50 cows 
 for 12 weeks. Now, if 5 cows are reckoned as 3 oxen, and 
 3 oxen as 2 horses, how much shall each man pay ? 
 
 10. If 496 men, in 5 days of 12 h. 6 m. each, dig a trench 
 of 9 degrees of hardness, 465 feet long, 3J feet wide, and 4J 
 feet deep, how many men will he required to dig a trench 
 2 degrees of hardness, 168J feet long, 7J- feet wide, and 2-J 
 feet deep, in 22 days of 9 hours each ? 
 
 XVII. 
 
 1. What is the Least Common Multiple of two or more 
 numbers ? What is the Least Common Multiple of 3150 
 and 2310 ? 
 
 3 
 
 2. From \ of If take <^r, add to the remainder f, and 
 divide the result by 6f- . 
 
 3. Divide 0.00091471 by 9.43. Write the quotient in 
 words. 
 
 4. How many yards of carpet which is f of a yard wide 
 does it require to cover a floor 17 feet long and 16 feet 6 
 inches wide ? 
 
 5. Eeduce 0.758762 acres to square rods, square feet, etc. 
 
 6. Find the square root of 0.002539 to five places of deci- 
 mals. 
 
 7. Find the cube root of 0.15 to three places of decimals. 
 
 8. What is the interest of $ 875.26 from October 10, 
 1866, to July 10, 1868, at 7 T 3 o per cent ? 
 
ARITHMETIC. 125 
 
 9. One metre (in Long Measure) = 39.37 inches. Ex- 
 press one foot in the metric system, both in Long Measure 
 and in Square Measure. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the Least 
 Common Multiple of 340200, 583200, and 2268000. 
 
 2. From ^\ of 2-f subtract the product of 0.075 and 11 
 and divide the remainder by 12. Eeduce the result to its 
 lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction, and also to a decimal 
 form. 
 
 3. Divide 10 times (l of j^ of 9^) by ^ 
 
 4. Divide 189695.4 by 2.708. What is the quotient of 
 0.01896954 divided by 2.708 ? Write the latter quotient 
 in words. 
 
 5. Eeduce to their lowest terms as Vulgar Fractions the 
 Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.0036 and 0.0136. Add 
 0.07 to 0.382, expressing the result as an Infinite or Circu- 
 lating Decimal. 
 
 6. A certain square field contains 38.75 acres. Compute 
 the length of one side of the field in metres. Given one 
 square metre = 1550 square inches. 
 
 7. The sum £ 46 6 s. 8 d. was put at interest at 4 per cent 
 on the 20th June, 1868. Eequired the amount on the 5th 
 May, 1875. 
 
 8. Find the cubic root of 77869 to three places of decimals. 
 
 9. At what rate of compound interest will $ 2500 amount 
 in 3 years to $ 4320 ? At what rate of simple interest ? 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. Eeduce i\VAtV to ^ s l° west terms. What is a 
 
126 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 Prime Number ? When are two numbers said to be prime 
 to each other ? Eeduce the numerator and denominator of 
 the above fraction to their Prime Factors. 
 
 2. From 5 J subtract |j -f- (^ of % of 4j\ 
 
 3. Divide 33368949.63 by 0.007253. What is the 
 quotient of 3336.894963 by 72530 ? What is the third 
 power of 0.1 ? of 100 ? Write these answers in words. 
 
 4. Find the cube root of 0.0093 to five places of decimals. 
 Find the square root of 531.5 to three places of decimals. 
 
 5. Eeduce to their lowest terms as vulgar fractions the 
 Infinite or Circulating Decimals 0.225, 0.00225, and 
 0.25225. Eeduce -I to a Circulating Decimal. 
 
 6. From 1 sq. rod 5 sq. ft. subtract 7 sq. yd. 139 sq. in. 
 
 7. Find the amount of £ 50 12 s. 5 ds. at simple interest 
 at 8 per cent, at the end of 5 yrs. 2 mos. and 3 ds. 
 
 8. One metre = 39.37 inches. Compute from this datum 
 the value of 4 miles in kilometres. 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. Divide two thousand five hundred one and four tenths 
 by four thousand one hundred twenty-five ten millionths. 
 Divide 1.29136109 by 184.3, and write the quotient in 
 words. 
 
 2. How do you divide one Vulgar Fraction by another ? 
 Give the rule and the reason of the rule. Illustrate by 
 an example. 
 
 71 3y- 
 
 3. From the sum of ^ and ~ 2 ~ subtract J 4, and divide 
 
 13 i 6- -* 
 
 the result by the product of 3£ and 2^. 
 
 4. Find the cube root of 10 to four places of decimals, 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. 127 
 
 5. Find the square root of 0.0000001. 
 
 6. A merchant sold a quantity of goods for $ 29900. He 
 deducts five per cent from the amount of the bill for cash, 
 and finds that he has made fifteen per cent, on the invest- 
 ment. What did he pay for the goods ? 
 
 7. What is the compound interest on £ 47 13 s. 6 d. for 3 
 yrs. 4 mos. 15 ds., at 3 J- per cent ? 
 
 8. How many feet of board in a plank 17 ft. long, 22 
 inches wide at one end, 13 inches wide at the other, and 
 4 inches thick ? 
 
 9. Write the tables for Long Measure and Square 
 Measure. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. Reduce 179487 to the product of its Prime Factors. 
 
 2. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 13212 and 
 1851. 
 
 3. To divide by a Vulgar Fraction : give the rule and the 
 reason of the rule. 
 
 4. Find the sum of the following numbers : fifty-seven 
 and three thousandths ; three hundred and sixty-four 
 hundred thousandths ; forty-seven thousand and eight thou- 
 sand and seven hundred thousandths ; eighty-seven hundred 
 millionths ; four hundred and twenty-seven ten thousandths. 
 
 5. Divide (21 X -j 3 ^) by (2\ — If), and reduce the result 
 to a decimal. 
 
 6. What is the difference between Bank Discount and 
 True Discount ? Give an example. 
 
 7. Bought $ 1500 worth of goods, half on 6 months' and 
 half on 9 months' credit. What sum at 7 per cent inter- 
 est, paid down, would discharge the whole bill ? 
 
128 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 8. Find the cube root of 0.29 to three places of decimals. 
 
 9. The interest on £ 50 12 s. 6 d. for a year is £ 1 15 s. 
 5-Jd. What is the rate per cent ? 
 
 10. A cubical vat measures 9 feet in each direction : what 
 is its capacity in Litres ? (Given 1 metre = 39.37 inches.) 
 
 11. In the Metric System of Weights and Measures 
 what is the unit of length ? of surface ? of volume ? of 
 weight ? How are they related to each other ? 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1. Divide four millionths by four millions, and write the 
 quotient in words. 
 
 2. The metre =39.371 inches: compare the kilometre 
 with the mile. 
 
 3. Change -§- to a decimal, and extract the cube root to 
 four places. 
 
 4. Express 38 sq. rods, 21 sq. yards, 5 sq. feet, 108 sq. 
 inches, in decimals of an acre. 
 
 5. The capital stock of a certain bank is $500,000, and 
 directors have declared a dividend of 4 per cent. The sum 
 set aside from the profits to meet this dividend is subject 
 to a revenue tax of 5 per cent. What sum must be set 
 aside in order that the stockholder may receive a dividend 
 of 4 per cent on his stock ? 
 
 6. From ffi X ** subtract % 
 
 7. A man has a bin 7 ft. long, 2\ ft. wide and 2 ft. deep, 
 which contains 28 bushels of corn ; how deep must he 
 build another, which is to be 18 ft. long, 1 ft. 10 J in. 
 wide, in order to contain 120 bushels ? (Solve this question 
 by analysis, and give your reasoning in full.) 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. 129 
 
 8. What is the present worth of $ 10,000, due three years 
 hence, at 7 per cent compound interest ? 
 
 9. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 1274, 2002, 
 2366, 7007, and 13013. 
 
 10. How do you verify your work when you have multi- 
 plied together two large numbers ? Give an example to 
 illustrate your method. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor and the Least 
 Common Multiple of 13860 and 38500. What is the 
 Least Common Multiple of 15, 18, and 35 ? When are two 
 numbers said to be prime to each other ? 
 
 2. Divide 2X by | of f^j — i \ Simplify by cancelling. 
 
 3. Reduce to its lowest terms as a Vulgar Fraction 
 0.05405. Reduce -$$ to a Circulating Decimal. 
 
 4. Find the number of cubic inches (to the nearest tenth) 
 in the British imperial gallon, which contains 10 pounds 
 of water. Given 1 gramme = weight of 1 cubic centimetre 
 of water, 1 cubic metre = 35.3 cubic feet, 1 kilogramme = 
 2.2 pounds. 
 
 5. Find the square root of 0.076 to six significant figures. 
 
 6. A rectangular field measures 30 rods and 6 feet by 21 
 rods and 11 feet. Find its area in acres, roods, rods, and feet. 
 
 7. Find the sum on which the interest at 9 per cent for 
 5 years 1 month and 18 days is $ 947.10. 
 
 8. Find the interest on one pound sterling at 5 per cent 
 for one year ; for one month. 
 
 XXIV. 
 1. What is the Greatest Common Divisor of 1872 and 
 432 ? Obtain the answer, if possible, by factoring. 
 
130 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 2. What is the smallest sum of money that can be made 
 up either of 2-cent, of 3-cent, of 5-cent, of 10-cent, or of 
 2 5 -cent pieces ? 
 
 3. Add | to (vi +if»\ 
 
 4. By a pipe of a certain capacity a cistern can be 
 emptied in 3^ hours ; in what time can it be emptied by 
 a pipe the capacity of which is -| greater ? 
 
 5. Find the value of 7 acres 35 rods 127 feet of land, 
 at $ 108.15 per acre. 
 
 6. How many litres are there in a rectangular vat 2.8 m. 
 long, 2 m. wide, 5 dcm. deep ? 
 
 7. Find the square root of 0.9 to four places of decimals. 
 
 8. My agent sells for me 2000 yards of cloth at 24 cents 
 a yard. He allows the purchaser 5 per cent discount for 
 cash, and charges me 2 J per cent on the cash receipts. 
 How much money does he pay over to me ? 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 187 and 153. 
 Also the Least Common Multiple of the same t #o numbers. 
 
 2. Multiply 108 billionths by two thousand, and extract 
 the cube root of the product. 
 
 3. Add i to ^=^ . 
 
 4. A cellar is to be dug 30 feet long and 20 feet wide : at 
 what depth will 50 cubic yards of earth have been re- 
 moved ? 
 
 5. What is the amount of $ 340 at 8 per cent for 1 year 
 3 months, the interest being compounded semiannually ? 
 
 6. A man receives $ 18 for six days' work of 8 hours 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. 131 
 
 each ; what should he receive for 5 days' work of 9 hours 
 each? 
 
 7. A cistern is 4 metres long, 24 decimetres wide, and 
 80 centimetres deep. How much water will it hold in 
 cubic metres ? In litres ? In cubic centimetres ? In 
 grammes ? In kilogrammes ? 
 
 8. I have a rectangular lot of land, 64 rods long and 36 
 rods wide, and a square lot of the same area ; how many 
 more feet of fencing will be needed for the former lot than 
 for the latter ? 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 17 4 -gJ 
 
 1. Add 5 of yt to f|. 
 
 2. Multiply 0.145 by 0.297, and give the answer as a 
 Circulating Decimal. 
 
 3. Find the Greatest Common Divisor of 43700 and 
 9430. Also obtain their Least Common Multiple. 
 
 4. I buy one fifth of an acre of land for $2178. For 
 how much a square foot must I sell it, in order to gain 
 twenty per cent of the cost ? 
 
 5. The kilogramme equals 2 lb. 8 oz. 3 dwt. 2 gr. How 
 many centigrammes equal one grain ? 
 
 6. What is the present worth of $ 678.75, due 3 years 8 
 months hence, at 7 per cent compound interest ? 
 
 7. Multiply the square root of 0.173056 by the cube root 
 
 of 15 6 2 5 
 01 32768' 
 
 8. A can do a certain piece of work in 10 days, working 
 8 hours a day. B can do the same work in 9 days, working 
 12 hours a day. They decide to work together, and to 
 finish the work in 6 days. How many hours a day must 
 they work ? 
 
132 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXVII 
 
 1. Divide 0.75 by || X 0.081. 
 
 2. Find the least common multiple of y 1 ^, -j^, 2 J, 5, 
 and 6J. 
 
 3. A and B, 44 miles apart, travel towards each other. 
 A travels ^- of the whole distance, while B travels £ of 
 the remainder. How far are they then apart ? 
 
 4. In what time will $ 680, at 4 per cent simple inte" 
 est, amount to $ 727.60 ? 
 
 5. How many cubic yards are there in a cistern the 
 dimensions of which are 64 dcm., 225 cm., and 3.75 m. ? 
 
 6. If 9 men build 247y 2 g- rods of wall in 28 days, in 
 how many days will 8 men build 51 rods ? 
 
 7. What is the difference between the square root tind 
 the cube root of 1771561 ? 
 
 8. A can do a piece of work in 10 days, A and C can 
 do it in 7 days, A and B can do it in 6 days ; in how many 
 days can B and C together do it ? 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 1. The sum of * X ^ 83 * and 2 %* f is how many 
 
 times the difference ? 
 
 2. How many kilometres are there in 2 m. 6 fur. 39 rd. 
 5 yd. ? 
 
 3. What common fraction equals the sum of 0.18 and 
 0.307692 ? 
 
 4. A cube contains 79507 cubic inches. How many 
 square inches does its surface contain ? 
 
 
ARITHMETIC. 133 
 
 5. Having purchased an acre of land, I sell from it a 
 rectangular lot, 121 yds. long, and 25 yds. wide, for what 
 the whole acre cost me. What per cent do I gain on the 
 land thus sold ? 
 
 6. A collector who charges 8 per cent commission on 
 what he collects pays me $534.75 for a bill of $775. 
 What amount of the bill does he collect ? 
 
 7. A can travel around a certain island in 2 T 2 g- days, B 
 in 3^ days, C in 3J days. If they set out at the same 
 time from the same point, and travel in the same direction, 
 in how many days will they all come together at the start- 
 ing-point, and how many times will each man have gone 
 around the island ? 
 
134 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 ALGEBEA. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Multiply a 3 + 2 a 2 x + 2 aa? + ie 3 by a 3 — 2 a 2 x + 
 
 2. Divide 1 by 1 — m 2 , finding five terms of the series. 
 
 3. Divide — 6 x± + 96 by — 3 x + 6. 
 
 4 Divide 4( " 2 ~ 3 y + 5) by 2 a (* + y ). 
 
 5. Find the greatest common divisor of numerator and 
 denominator, and reduce the fraction 5 . , to its lowest 
 
 terms. 
 
 n -r.. ., ab — bx .. ac — ca; 
 
 6. Divide - — r — by ; . 
 
 a+p J a+p 
 
 7. Eeduce 1 ^—. — = to the form of a fraction. 
 
 cr -\- x L 
 
 8. A farmer sells to one man 5 cows and 7 oxen for 
 S 370, and to another, at the same rate, 10 cows and 3 
 oxen for $ 355. Eequired, the price of a cow and that of 
 an ox. 
 
 9. What is the fourth power of — 3^? 2 q 2 ? 
 
 10. What is the third root of — 729 a Q b s c 12 ? 
 
 11. Find (2 a — &) 4 by the Binomial Theorem. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Multiply a 6 + 3 a i b 2 — 5 a 2 6 4 by 7 a 4 — 4 a 2 b 2 + b\ 
 
 2. What is the value of — (10 — 3 a?) (10 + 3 a 3 ) ? 
 
 3. Divide 12 a 4 b Q — 14 a h b Q + 6 a 6 6 3 — a 7 by 2 a 2 6 3 — a 3 . 
 
ALGEBRA. 135 
 
 ryA nA 
 
 4. Eeduce 1 - ir - -. — «-r-« — ~ = — ~ to its lowest terms. 
 
 (% 2 + f) (x 2 —2xy-\-y 2 ) 
 
 5. Eeduce - -j 5 — 7 — = to its simplest 
 
 b ' cd bed r 
 
 form as a single fraction. 
 
 6. Divide - — *-* by jr= „, and reduce the answer to 
 
 9m 3 3/ 2 J 27 my 2 
 
 its lowest terms. 
 
 7. Find the value of x in terms of a, b, c, from the equa- 
 tion — = . What does this value become 
 
 b a 
 
 when a = 2, b — — 1, and c = 3 ? 
 
 8. The sum of the distance passed over by two locomo- 
 tives, the first running 6 hours and the second 4 hours, is 
 228 miles ; but the second goes 24 miles more in 8 hours 
 than the first goes in 12 hours. Find the distance each 
 goes in an hour ? 
 
 9. (_7^^) 2 = what? ^(— 51^) = what? 
 
 10. Find by the Binomial Theorem (a — b) Q and (1 — 
 3^) 6 . 
 
 III. 
 
 1. From 5a?b + 3b 2 c — 7c*de take — 6a 2 b—(4:(?de 
 -~-46 2 c). 
 
 2. Multiply x 2 + x y + y 2 by x 2 — x y + y 2 - 
 
 3. Divide aJ* — y* by x — y. 
 
 4. Eeduce - t — , • , , ' , \ — — ^ to its lowest terms. 
 
 (x + y) (x 2 — 2xy-\-tf) 
 
 5. Add together 3 x -\ — g- and x ^-. 
 
 6. Multiply x — ^i? by a 2 — ^±^. 
 
136 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 7 Divide X{a + h) by a *~ h * 
 
 /. uiviae ^_ 1 Dy^ 2 _ 2 ^ +r 
 
 8. Divide the number 75 into two such parts that three 
 times the greater may exceed seven times the less by 15. 
 
 9. What is the fourth power of — ^ — ? 
 
 07 7,9 
 
 10. What is the third root of — ? 
 
 X 
 
 11. Find (b — 2 c 3 )± by the Binomial Theorem. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Eeduce a + b — (2 a — 3b) — (5a + 7b) — (— 13a 
 -f- 2 5) to its simplest form. 
 
 2. Multiply a s + b 2 — c by a 2 — 6 3 . 
 
 3. Divide — 1 -j- a 3 n 3 by — l-)-aw. 
 
 a ,2 
 
 4. Eeduce to one fraction — j— ^ -j" 
 
 a - 
 
 5. Multiply a -\ by x 
 
 a + 2 ' a — 2* 
 
 _ a 2 + 2a6 + 6 2 , a 2 — 6 2 
 
 6. Divide ^ 4 _ y4 by ^— ? . 
 
 7. How much money have I when the fourth and fifth 
 part amount together to $ 2.25. 
 
 8. Find the fifth power of — 2 a\ 
 
 a s b 20 c* 
 
 9. Find the fourth root of 1fi 12 16 . 
 
 10. Find (5 a — 4tx ) 4 by the Binomial Theorem. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 ax + b (x + c) + c 2 — [(a — b) x — (b — c) (b + c)]. 
 
 2. Multiply x + 2y — 3s by x — 2y + 3s. 
 
ALGEBRA. 137 
 
 3. Divide 8a 2 — 12 a 5 + 8a 4 + 18a 3 — 30 by 6— 4a 2 . 
 
 . ~ , . 3 8 20* — 4 . . , 
 
 4 Combine T _ 1 _ - 3-^ - j—^ in a single 
 
 fraction, and reduce it to its lowest terms. 
 
 5. Divide x 2 + -% — 2 by x . 
 
 6. Find (a — 5) 4 and (- — 2 y 2 J by the Binomial 
 Theorem. 
 
 7. Solve the equation - : — 7 = -, in which a 
 
 ■"- a a -J- o a — 6 
 
 and b denote known quantities. Find also the value of x 
 when a =■ — 1, b = 3. 
 
 8. Find a certain fraction which is such that if 3 be sub- 
 tracted from both numerator and denominator, the value of 
 the fraction becomes \, and that if 11 be added to both 
 numerator and denominator, the value of the fraction be- 
 comes -§. 
 
 9. Solve the equations 2x — y = 5, Sy — 2 z = — 13, 
 
 2z — 4* = 2. 
 
 10. Verify the answers of ISTos. 7, 8, and 9, by showing 
 that they satisfy the original conditions. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. From 6 ac — 5ab + c 2 subtract 3 ac — [3 ab — 
 (*-<?) + 7 c]. 
 
 2. Divide 28 a 2 — 6 a 3 — 6 a 5 — 4 a 4 — 96 a + 264 by 
 Sa 2 —4:a + ll. 
 
 3. Eeduce - — ' a ~ 2 , ^ ~\ , 19V to its lowest terms. 
 
 (a — b) (a 2 -f- 2 a b -f- b 2 ) 
 
 4. From 3 x + T take a; . 
 
 o c 
 
138 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 5. Divide » 2 , — -p-p by — , , and reduce the an- 
 swer to its lowest terms. 
 
 6. Multiply (-|f 3 ) 4 by ^(-8-5?)- 
 
 7. Find (a; — ?/) 5 and (a 2 — 3 5) 5 by the Binomial Theo- 
 rem. 
 
 8. Find a number from which if 5 be subtracted J of the 
 remainder will be 40. 
 
 9. Solve the equations x — 6z= 6 — 2y, Sx — 5y = 20, 
 4z = 5x — 27. 
 
 10. Verify the answers to Nos. 8, 9, by showing that 
 they satisfy the original conditions of those problems. 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. From 4 a 2 x — (2 abc — 4 be -f- 8d) subtract 8 abc — 
 (4 a 2 x — 2d) -{-abc. 
 
 2. Multiply x 2 -\- x y + y 2 by x 2 — x y -f- y 2 . 
 
 3. Divide 3 a 4 — 8a 2 b 2 + 3a 2 c 2 + 5 6 4 — Sb 2 c 2 by 
 a 2 — 6 2 . 
 
 4. Eeduce ~, , f 2 w" 2 ** *// . ?a to its sim " 
 
 (a 2 — 2 a b -f- b 2 ) (a 2 — b 2 ) (a + b) 
 
 plest form by inspection. 
 
 5. From x ^~- take 2 x -\ •. 
 
 2 ■ c 
 
 6. Divide by / . M2 - 
 
 a 2 + 2 a b -J- 6 2 J (a -f- b) 2 
 
 7. Divide ^~ 6 ^ a862 by (—2a 2 b C 3 ) 5 . 
 
 8. Subtract (a — 2 6) 5 from (a + 2 6) 5 . Use the Bi- 
 nomial Theorem. 
 
 9. In a mixture of wine and cider one half the whole 
 
ALGEBRA. 139 
 
 plus twenty-five gallons was wine, and one third part minus 
 five gallons was cider; how many gallons were there of 
 each ? 
 
 10. Solve the equations % + 7 y = 99, | + 7x = 51. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 (a 4- l) x — (h — c ) c — [{b — x) b — (b — c) (b + c)] 
 — ax. 
 
 2. Multiply 2 x z — 3 xy + 6 y 2 by 3 a? + 3 ^y + 5 f. 
 
 3. Divide 40 a + 8 c& — 50 a 2 — 8 by 5 a — 2 a 2 — 2. 
 
 4. Give the rule for multiplying different powers of the 
 same quantity, and explain its reason. Example : x m X 
 of 1 = what ? 
 
 5. Eeduce the following expression to a single fraction, 
 having the least possible denominator : ' — - 
 
 ( L X ) 1 X 
 
 1 — X 
 
 (l + xf 
 
 6. Divide , , o ■ by — ^= 3. 
 
 IS c 3 y 2 J 27 cxy* 
 
 7. Find by the Binomial Theorem the first four terms of 
 (a-J)20andof(l_!^) 20 
 
 8. Find the value of x in the equation x — a = 
 
 — -J- — , in which a, b, c, d, and e denote known quanti- 
 ty de 
 
 ties. Find, also, what the value of x becomes when a = 
 
 — 3, b = 0, c = — 2, d — — 2, e = 4 ; and verify it for 
 this case by showing that it satisfies the equation. 
 
 9. A and B have together f as much money as C ; B and 
 
140 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 C have together 6 times as much as A ; and B has $ 680 
 less than A and C together have : how much has each ? 
 Eliminate by comparison ; and verify the answers by show- 
 ing that they satisfy the given conditions. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 ab — c (x — 6) — [(x -f- c) (x — c) — c (b — {c — x}) 
 
 — x 2 ]. 
 
 2. Into what two factors can the following expressions 
 be severally resolved : (4:X 6 y 2 — 25 x 16 ) ; (m 3 — n 3 ). 
 
 3. Multiply 6a 3 — 2a 2 b + ±atf by 2a 2 b— 5ab 2 — 3b 3 . 
 
 4. Divide 9X 2 — 6x*— 45a; + 3 ^+54 by 3z+3^ 
 
 — 9. 
 
 5. State the rule for multiplying different powers of the 
 same quantity, and give its reason. Examples : af* X x" = 
 what ? (x m X x n y = what ? 
 
 6. Eeduce to one fraction (with least possible denomina- 
 
 tor ) Ti ZSi + i " + 
 
 (1 — xf ' 1 — x ■ 1 + X l—x 2 ' 
 
 4 a 3 b 5 2 c b 5 
 
 7. Divide . ,, Q >a by — _ _. ft ; and raise the quotient to 
 
 the second power. 
 
 8. A and B are building a wall. A alone can build it in 
 a days, and B alone in b days. In what time can both to- 
 gether build it ? 
 
 9. Solve the equations ±x-\-\y = ^z — 1, 2z — iy = 
 
 28-^,^-^ = 2, + 5. 
 
 10. Solve the equation x 2 — 5x — 6 = 0; and verify 
 the answers by showing that they satisfy the equation. 
 
 11. Show that no binomial can be an exact second power. 
 
ALGEBRA. 141 
 
 X. 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form 
 x B y 2 —(—xy 2 + x s — ^)xy — x 2 [—{f — y(xy — x 2 )}]. 
 
 2. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 (a + b) b + c — [(c + d) (a + d) — c (a + b — 1) — 
 {a+c)(d-b)l 
 
 3. Multiply 15a 2 +18a& — 14Z> 2 by4a 2 — 2ab — b 2 
 
 4. Divide ^SaPy 2 — 22^^ + 24^+8^— 38xfbj 
 Sxy—2x 2 — 4y 2 . 
 
 5. From ■= -. take ^ — ; — ~ 
 
 1 — m 4 1 + mr 
 
 6. Divide — ! 1 — ■ by — ! — i — : and re- 
 
 a — x ' a + x J a — x a + x 
 
 duce the quotient to its lowest terms. 
 
 6 a s c 7 9 a 9 b 
 
 7. Divide , - , 8 6 by tjtt-j ; and find the second power 
 
 and the third root of the quotient. 
 
 a + b b + c 
 
 (b — c) (c — a) (a — c) (a — b) 
 
 + Tn — a 7"/ C — t\. What is the Least Common Denomi- 
 1 (6 — a) (c — 6) 
 
 nator in this example ? 
 
 9. State the rule for multiplying different powers of the 
 same quantity, and give its reason. x m X af = what ? 
 
 / /a m+n \ 
 
 (x m X x n f = what ? (a 2 6) m = ? y (^r^) = ? Whatis 
 denoted by <xi ? 
 
 10. What is the reason that any term maybe transposed 
 from one member of an equation to the other, provided its 
 sign is changed ? 
 
 8. Eeduce to one fraction 
 
142 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 x 
 
 11. Solve the equation r- 7 = ;. What is 
 
 u a a -f-b a — 6 
 
 the value of x if a = — 2, & = 3 ? 
 
 12. Out of a cask of wine from which a third part had 
 leaked away, 21 gallons were afterwards drawn, and the 
 cask was then half full. How much did it hold ? 
 
 13. Solve the equations Sx — 5 3/ = 63, J# -f- \y ■ - - 
 
 — 3. 
 
 14. Solve the equations x + V — z = 29, x — 2 y + 
 __ 46,-1* — Jy — i* = 4 
 
 15. Solve the equation 2? — Sx — 10 = 0, and ve 
 the answers by showing that they satisfy the equation. 
 
 (x 2 \^ 
 xy 2 ) 
 
 the Binomial Theorem. 
 
 XL 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest 
 (a + b) x — (b — c) c—[(b — x) b — (b — c) (b 
 
 — ax. 
 
 2. Multiply z 6 + 3 *V— 5aV by 7x* — 4:X 2 y 2 
 
 3. Divide 23 a — 30 — 7 a 3 + 6 a 4 by 3 a — 2 t, 
 
 4. What is the reason that when different powers 
 same quantity are multiplied, their exponents are au i { 
 
 5. Eeduce to one fraction, with least possible denoinina- 
 
 , 1 -\- X 4:X 1 — x 
 
 ' (1 — xf ~ 1 —x 2 ~~ (1 + xf 
 
 6. Divide 8 by , and reduce the answer to its 
 
 y y — / y 
 
 lowest terms. 
 
 7. A had twice as much money as B, A gained $ 30 and 
 B lost % 40, whereupon A gave B -^ as much as B had left. 
 
ALGEBRA. 143 
 
 A then had what he had in the beginning and 20 per cent 
 more. How much had each in the beginning ? 
 
 8. Solve the equations 5y — Sx = — 280 — 30 z> 
 x — 20 == z — y, 20 z — 4 a; = 5 y. 
 
 9. Solve the equation 2x 2 — 7 # + 3 = ; and verify 
 he answers by showing that they satisfy the equation. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form: 
 
 _ h 2 ) e — (a — b) {a [b + c] — b [a — c]). 
 
 |. Multiply 3x 5 y 2 — 6x*y 2 z + f by S z* y 2 + 6x*y 2 
 
 ■f. 
 
 4 Divide 9 a 2 + 1 — ±cfi— 6 a by 1 + 2a 2 — 3 a. 
 
 What is the reason that when different powers of the 
 
 quantity are multiplied together, their exponents are 
 
 1? 
 
 Reduce — ^-x — y — ■. — ^ to its lowest terms. 
 
 (a* -\- y*) (x* — 2xy + y 2 ) 
 
 Reduce to one fraction with the least possible denom- 
 
 * 
 
 a b 2 — a 2 -\- ab 36 — a c 
 
 b bed cd ' bd' 
 
 'q 6x 3 y 14 y 3 z 2 
 
 "; ivide 35^?? b y im'' and reduoe the answer t0 
 
 h> f ] ^st terms. 
 
 8. .Jfrd the value of x, in terms of a y b, and c, in the 
 
 equation r = . What does this value be- 
 come when a = 2, b — — 1, c = 3 ? 
 
 9. Solve the equations £aj + 2y + 3£s = 80, 4§y — 
 
 z — %x= 66, 5 z+ 18^— ly= 140. 
 
 10. Solve the equation x 2 = 4:X + 60; and verify the 
 answers by showing that they satisfy the original equation. 
 
5. Divide . . . ^ by — fi 
 
 144 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. Free the following expression from parentheses and 
 reduce it to its simplest form : (x -\- a) a -\- y — [(y -f- b) 
 (x + h) - y (x + a - 1) - (x + y) (b - a)]. 
 
 2. Divide 24 x 8 y 2 + 21 xhf — 9 x 10 + 4 z 4 ?/ 6 by 2 a?*^ — 
 
 3. What is the reason that when different powers of the 
 same letter are multiplied the exponents are added ? 
 
 4. Resolve the following expression into a single fraction 
 (rinding the least common denominator, and reducing the 
 
 answer to its lowest terms) : ^ 2 _ 3ab - 1 — 16a 4_ 9a26 2 - 
 
 15 m 8 x 5 
 Ufz 1 ~ J 8x*y' 
 
 6. Having a certain sum of money in my pocket, I lost 
 c dollars, afterwards spent one ath part of what remained, 
 and then found that what I had left was one bth. part of 
 what I had had at the beginning. Find the original sum. 
 What does the answer become if a = 3, b = 9, c = 5 ? 
 
 7. Solve the equations Sx + \y — 5 2=0, 12 z — 19 
 = 7 x, y — 7 = 12 — Sz. (If any answers are fractional, 
 reduce them to their lowest terms.) 
 
 8. Solve the equation 2x? — x — 21 = 0. Verify each 
 answer by substituting it in the original equation. 
 
 9. Find, by the Binomial Theorem, (a — b) 5 , (2 a? — y 2 ) 5 . 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. Free the following expression from parentheses, and 
 reduce it to its simplest form : (a — b + c) 2 — (a [c — a 
 
 — b] — [b{a + b + c}—c{a — b — c}]). 
 
 2. Divide bxf— 7x s y + 10^—24^ by xy — Ztf 
 
 — 2.7?. 
 
ALGEBRA. 145 
 
 3. What is the reason that when different powers of the 
 same letter are multiplied the exponents are added ? 
 
 4. Eesolve the following expression into a single frac- 
 tion (finding the least common denominator, and reducing 
 
 the answer to its lowest terms) : -x I -^—. 
 
 A X \ A —|— X 
 
 (16 — x) x \ 
 
 X*—4:)' 
 
 ~ _. . , 4 (a 2 — ab) . 6ab 
 
 5. Divide -T7 — i 7 X2 by -« ts- 
 
 6 (a -|- 6) 2 J a 2 — 6 2 
 
 r+ « 
 
 6. Solve the equation a — = = 0. 
 
 1 — x 
 
 7. A gentleman has two horses and one chaise. The 
 first horse is worth a dollars less than the chaise, and the 
 second horse b dollars less than the chaise. If | of the 
 value of the first horse be subtracted from that of the 
 chaise, the remainder will be the same as if |- of the value 
 of the second horse is subtracted from twice that of the 
 chaise. Find the value of each horse and that of the 
 chaise. What are the answers, if a = — 50, b = 50? 
 
 8. Solve the equations by — 2x = 4:Z-\- 13^, -|# = 
 g 40 
 
 — j — , 2 x — y + 6 z = 0. (If any answers are fraction- 
 al, reduce them to their lowest terms.) 
 
 9. Solve the equation 18 x 2 — 33 x — 40 = 0. Verify 
 each answer by substituting it in the original equation. 
 
 10. Find (a — b) 1 by the Binomial Theorem. 
 
 XV. 
 
 1. Reduce to its simplest form the expression a — c 
 b — (c — d) e 
 
146 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 2. Solve the equation — Sx 2 -\- 5x = 2. 
 
 3. Find the values of the unknown quantities in the 
 equations x -f- 2y = 11, 2x + 3z = 13, 3y — 2z= 7. 
 
 4. What are similar terms ? What is the rule for multi- 
 plying together different powers of the same letter ? For 
 dividing ? By the rule, what do you get for the exponent 
 of a in the quotient of a 5 -f- a 3 , « 4 -f- a, a 2 -f- a 2 , a z -5- a 5 ? 
 When is the square of a number larger than the number 
 
 itself ? How do you raise fractions to powers, ( ^ ) , (~A , 
 for example ? 
 
 5. Separate # 8 — ^ into prime factors. 
 
 6. A can do a piece of work in a days, B in b days, C in 
 c days. In how many days can A and B together do it ? 
 B and C together ? A and C together ? All three together ? 
 
 7. Find the value of x in the equation 
 
 ab 
 
 -, in its simplest form. 
 
 a + b 
 
 a — b a -{- b 
 
 8. If I buy a certain number of pounds of beef at 25 
 
 cents a pound, I shall have 25 cents left; if I buy the 
 
 same number of pounds of lard at 15 cents a pound, I 
 
 shall have $ 1.25 left. How much money have I ? 
 
 XVI. 
 
 1 
 
 
 n 4- 1 
 
 1. Keduce to its simplest form the expression -^— -. 
 
 1 ~";t+t 
 
 2. Solve the equation — 2x* + 7 x — 3 = 0. 
 
 3. Find the values of the unknown quantities in the 
 
 .. 
 
ALGEBBA. 147 
 
 z x . r x — 1 y — 2 3 — z 
 equations y — - = - + 5, —^ — = -j^-,*? — 
 
 3 4 ^ 12 
 
 4. Separate a 8 — b 8 into prime factors. 
 
 5. A and B can do a piece of work in a days, A and C 
 in b days, B and C in c days. In how many days could 
 each person do it ? 
 
 6. What is the rule for multiplying together different 
 powers of the same letter ? For dividing ? Explain the 
 reason. Multiply a b by a 2 ; a m by a n . Divide a 5 by a 2 ; 
 a 2 by a 5 ; a 3 by <x 3 ; a m hj a n ; 6 a by 2 a. 
 
 7. Divide x 5 — y 5 by x — y. 
 
 8. Find the seventh power of 3 a t- 2 b by the Binomial 
 Theorem. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 1. Beduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 
 (x 2 + y 2 )z—(x + y) {x [z *- y] — y [z — x]). 
 
 2. What is the reason that, when different powers of the 
 same quantity are multiplied together, the exponents are 
 added ? x m+n X x m ~ n = what ? x m+n -r- x m ~ n = what ? 
 Give the square root of each of these results. 
 
 3. Besolve the following expression into a single fraction 
 (finding the least common denominator, and reducing the 
 
 answer to its lowest terms) : -= 9 r-^ — 1. What 
 
 ' x z — y* x -J- y 
 
 . , 100a 4 & 2 5a 2 b — 36 s 
 
 is the most reduced value of OK A ,„ pry* — K <>, , 13 
 
 25 a 4 6 2 — 9 6 6 5 a 2 6 + 3 b 3 
 
 — 1? 
 
 . 24a 8 *V, 32 «V 
 
 4 Dmde "W by IStfT 
 
 
148 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 5. The owners of a certain mill make a dollars a day- 
 each, sharing equally. If the number of owners were b 
 less, they would make c dollars each. Eequired the num- 
 ber of owners and the total daily profit of the mill. What 
 are the answers if a = 80, b = — 3, c = 50 ? 
 
 6. Solve the equations 37 + -§-# — 12 3/ = 8z -\- 55, 
 
 2 2 
 
 7. Solve the equation z. l = r . 
 
 J. X ox 
 
 (2 #2 \5 
 y ) °y tne Binomial Theo- 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 1. Keduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 (a + b) a — (O — bf — (b — a) b). 
 
 2. Separate n 5 — n into its prime factors. 
 
 3. From ' „ subtract and divide the result by 
 
 1 Xr 1 -J- Xr 
 
 4=x 
 
 1 +X 2 ' 
 
 4. " In multiplication and division, like signs give pltos 
 and unlike signs give minus" Explain fully why this 
 is so. 
 
 5. A can perform a piece of work in a days, B can per- 
 form the same in b days, and C in c days. In how many 
 days will the work be performed if they all labor together ? 
 
 6. Solve the equations y -f- \ = = + 5, 
 
 3 5 ' * 4 
 
 _* + 3 2y-5 
 W' X 3 A - 
 
 
ALGEBRA. 149 
 
 it o i *i. ..90 90 27 A 
 
 7. Solve the equation -r-j -j- ~ = 0. 
 
 X X I X iC I - £ 
 
 8. Find (a + bf and (l — ^ x z \ by the Binomial Theo- 
 rem. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 1. Eeduee the following expression to its simplest form : 
 (9 a 2£2_ 4 £4) (a*—b 2 ) — (3ab — 2b 2 ) (3a[> 2 +& 2 ] — 
 2b[b 2 +Sab — a 2 ]) b. 
 
 2. Divide 36 x 2 + 1 — 64# 4 — 12 & by 6 x — 1 — 8 z 2 . 
 
 3. What is the reason that when different powers of the 
 same quantity are multiplied together their exponents are 
 added ? 
 
 4. Eeduee to one fraction with the lowest possible denom- 
 
 3a+2b 25a 2 — b 2 a 
 
 mator j—t s u o~i- 
 
 a -\-b a 2 — tr 2 6 
 
 5. Divide -j — ^ i a b y , and reduce the 
 
 xr — A x y -f- y a; — y 
 
 answer to its lowest terms. 
 
 6. Find x in terms of a, &, and c, from the equation 
 
 — 5 — = . What is the value of x when a = 2, 
 
 & = — 1, c = 3 ? 
 
 7. A man bought a watch, a chain, and a locket for $216. 
 The watch and locket together cost three times as much as 
 the chain, and the chain and locket together cost half as 
 
 much as the watch. What was the price of each ? 
 
 8. Solve the equation — =-— — ^^ — % = 1. 
 1 x -|- 12 ox — 1 
 
 xy — x - } by the Binomial Theo- 
 
 rem. 
 
150 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XX. 
 
 1. Separate into prime factors x 5 — x. 
 
 2. Eeduce to its simplest form 3 a 5 — 4 a z + 2 b — ca 3 
 O 2 — 1) + {2 b — [7 a 5 — a s (4 — c) — a 5 (4 + c)]}. 
 
 3. Divide a? + -5 = by x, and subtract the 
 
 'a 2 — x 2 J a — x 
 
 quotient from . 
 
 u a — x 
 
 4 It is said that when a term is transposed from one 
 member of an equation to the other, its sign should be 
 changed. Why is this so ? 
 
 5. A reservoir is supplied by two pumps. Both pumps 
 were worked three hours and the reservoir was found to 
 be half full. On another occasion the larger pump was 
 worked two hours and the smaller seven hours, when the 
 reservoir was found to be two thirds full. How many 
 hours required by either pump alone to fill the reservoir ? 
 
 6. A laborer, having built 105 rods of stone fence, found 
 that if he had built two rods less a day he would have 
 been six days longer in completing the job. How many 
 rods a day did he build ? 
 
 7. What is Elimination ? Describe fully the several 
 processes by which it can be effected, and illustrate by ex- 
 amples of your own selection. 
 
 8. What is the Binomial Theorem ? Find the seventh 
 power of \a — 4 b c by aid of it. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 1. Eeduce to its simplest form the following expression : 
 (a + b) x — (b — c) c — [(b — x) b — (b — c) (b + c)] 
 — ax. 
 
 I 
 
 j 
 
ALGEBRA. 151 
 
 ^. ., 25a?b 3 x* 10 a b* 
 
 2. Divide no 3 3 by — 1 r= -§. 
 
 18c 3 y 2 J 21 ex if 
 
 3. Divide 8 a* — 22 a 3 5 + 43 a 2 6 2 — 38 a& 3 + 24 &± by 
 2 a 2 — 3a& + 4& 2 
 
 4. Separate a s — x s into its prime factors. 
 
 5. Eeduce to its simplest form the following expression : 
 (I + I) (a + J) _(!i±>_i=»). 
 
 \m n! \ 7)i n / 
 
 6. Find, by the Binomial Theorem, the sixth term in the 
 development of {a — b) 18 ; and the fourth term in the de- 
 
 2x — -— j . 
 
 7. Find the values of x, y, and z, from the equations 
 
 3y — 1 _6js ^ii4 ^ j_ ^ 2 , 5 3a; -f- 1 
 
 ■ 4 - = y — g T X P -£- + y — 2/ -T g, 7 
 
 14 "*" 6 21 "T" 3* 
 
 8. A person performs a journey of 192 miles in a certain 
 number of days ; had he travelled 8 miles more a day he 
 would have performed the journey in two days less time. 
 Find how many days it took him to perform the journey. 
 
 9. Solve the equation (x — 1) (x — 2) = 6, and verify 
 the results. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 1. Eeduce to its simplest form the expression a — (25 
 + [3 c __ 3 a __ (a + &)] + 2 a — (b + 3 c)). 
 
 2. Separate into its prime factors the expression # 6 — y Q . 
 
 3. Divide (a 2 — b cf + 8 b s c 3 by a 2 + b c. 
 
 4. Solve the equation (a -\-x) (b -f- x) = (c + #) (d + a?). 
 
 5. A can build a wall in one half the time that B can ; 
 B can build it in two thirds of the time that C can ; all to- 
 
 
152 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 gether they can build it in 6 days : find the time it would 
 take each alone. 
 
 « o i *i! *• 2.1332.1,1 4 
 
 6. Solve the equations - 4- - == -, - = 2, -+- = „• 
 
 u x x y z z y x z 6 
 
 » a i ^ i.- * + 2 4 — * 7 
 
 7. Solve the equation — L — r ~ = ~. 
 
 57 — ~ 1 A X O 
 
 8. The length of a rectangular field exceeds the breadth 
 by one yard, and the area is three acres ; find the dimen- 
 sions. 
 
 IV 
 
 9. Expand the expression ( 2 a + r-A 
 
 10. What is Elimination ? How many methods are you 
 familiar with ? Explain them in fulL 
 
 XXIII 
 
 1. Simplify (a + I) (b + c) — (c + d) (d + a) — 
 (a + c) (b — d). 
 
 2. Keduce to its simplest form -z — X „ , „ X 
 
 a 2 — 6 2 a 2 + or 
 
 a — x 
 
 vTa m 
 
 3. Find the first four terms of 
 
 \2a> 3 / 
 
 4. Find a number such that three times its square di- 
 minished by five times the number itself shall amount to 
 50. Solve completely. 
 
 5. What fraction is that which becomes equal to f when 
 6 is added to its numerator, and equal to ^ when 2 is sub- 
 tracted from its denominator ? 
 
 6. Solve the equation |^| = \ - *J^J 
 
 7. A and B find a purse of dollars. A takes out 2 dol- 
 
ALGEBEA. 153 
 
 lars and £ of what remains ; B takes out 3 dollars and J 
 of what then remains. They find that each has taken out 
 the same amount. How many dollars were there in the 
 purse ? 
 
 8. Solve the equations 7x — Sy = a, 5x — lly = a, 
 9 y — 5z = a. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 1. Find the value of a ~\-2x — {b + y — [a — x — 
 Q) — 2 yj\ } when a = 2, b = 3, x = 6, and y = 5. 
 
 2. Divide J — 6 a 2 + 2 7 a 4 by £ + 2 a + 3 a\ 
 
 x* — a 4 
 
 3. Eeduce to its lowest terms 
 
 x 5 — a 2 x 8 ' 
 
 90 90 27 
 
 4. Find both roots of the equation — 
 
 x-\- 1 # + 2 
 = 0. 
 
 5. Expand, by the Binomial Theorem, (m — rif and 
 
 (*--¥)'• 
 
 Z X X — — 1 
 
 6. Solve the equations y + « = * + 5, 
 
 _ g-j-3 2y — 5 __ 7 ^ 
 
 F ~T0~' * 3 ~~~ 4 ~~ ' I2' 
 
 7. A man hires a certain number of acres of land for 
 $ 336. He cultivates 7 acres for himself, and lets the rest 
 for $ 4 an acre more than he pays for it. He receives for 
 the portion that he lets what he pays for the whole, or 
 $ 336. Find the number of acres. 
 
 8. The value of a fraction, if its numerator is doubled 
 and its denominator increased by 7, is §- ; while, if its de- 
 nominator is doubled and its numerator increased by 2, its 
 value is f. What is the fraction ? 
 
154 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 1. A certain piece of work can be done by A and B work- 
 ing together in 3f days, by B and C in 4| days, and by C 
 and A in 6 days. Eequired the time in which either can 
 do it alone, and the time in which all can do it together. 
 
 2. Solve the equation — ^ — j — = r. 
 
 Z X 1 —J— X o 
 
 3. Solve the equation x 2 — (a — b + c) x = (b — a) c. 
 
 a tv -a i ax + b\ a*—(b — 2x)b + 2b* _, 
 
 4. Divide 1 — o ,' by ' ^ 2 b, 
 
 ar -j- ax * a -\- x 
 
 and reduce the result to its lowest terms. 
 
 5. Divide 9 a 2n — a Zn — 27 a n + 27 by a" — 3. 
 
 6. Divide y/^ by y/| 
 
 7. What is the reason, that a m a n = a m+n ? 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 15 — x 
 
 1. Solve the equation x — 3 = 4 x — 
 
 X 
 
 2. What are the three methods of Elimination ? Solve 
 the following equations by any two of the three methods : 
 6x + \y = 0, 2 (4tx — 1) = 3 (y — 8). 
 
 3. M's age is to N's as a is to b ; but c years ago M's age 
 was to N's as a! to V. Eequired the present ages of both. 
 
 ,i-r^-ji 2 w 1 + a? , x 3 — 5x , 
 
 4. Divide 1 - - X ^3 by {x _ 3){x + 2) - m; and 
 
 reduce the answer to its lowest terms. Simplify the divis- 
 ion by cancelling. 
 
 5. Tind the fourth term of la 2 b — ^-\ . 
 
1. Solve the equation 
 
 ALGEBRA. 155 
 
 XXVII. 
 ax 
 
 c bx — a c 
 
 2. What are eggs a dozen when two more in a shilling's 
 worth lowers the price one penny per dozen ? 
 
 3. A merchant adds yearly to his capital one third of 
 it, but takes from it at the end of each year $ 5,000 for his 
 expenses. At the end of the third year, after deducting 
 the last $ 5,000, he finds himself in possession of twice the 
 sum he had at first. How much was his original capital ? 
 
 4. Divide ija z .\Jb by ^-^. 
 
 5. Find x from the proportion 6a m ~ 2 b : x = 15a 3 & 5 : 
 40cr (m " 1) . 
 
 6. Divide a 2 ^ -^ by - a. 
 
 a? — 6 2 ■ b — a 
 
 7. What is the rule for transposing a term from one 
 side of an equation to the other ; and what is the reason 
 of the rule ? 
 
 8. Solve the equations 4=x -f- 3y -f~ 2z = 40, 5x — 9y — 
 7z = 47, 9x — 8y — 3z = 97. 
 
 9. Find (a — &) 7 by the Binomial Theorem. 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 1. A certain sum of money at simple interest will 
 amount to a dollars in m months, and to b dollars in n 
 months. Find the principal and the rate of interest. Find 
 the answers when a = 1837.50, b = 1890.00, m = 10, 
 n = 16. 
 
 o o i ax. i.- 27 90 = 90 
 
 2. Solve the equation ^ . * 
 
 x — 2 x 1 — x 
 
156 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 tt + n 
 
 1+| 
 
 3. Simplify *( a « — b% 
 
 1-? 
 
 4 Find (x — yf and ( -7 ^- ) by the Binomial 
 
 Theorem. 
 
 5. Divide 13A 2 — 5a 4 — lSast? + 6z 4 — 13a?x by 
 Sax + a 2 — 2x*. 
 
 6. Find two numbers of which the sum is a and differ- 
 ence b. State a rule for finding two numbers when their 
 sum and difference are given. 
 
 7. Find the greatest common divisor and the least com- 
 mon multiple of 12a 3 &c 4 and 27abc 7 d. 
 
ADVANCED ALGEBRA. 157 
 
 ADVANCED ALGEBKA. 
 
 COURSE II. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Find the greatest common divisor of a 6 — cfix* and 
 
 a 6 + a 5 x — a 4 x 2 — a 3 X*. 
 
 3n — 3» n —n 
 
 2. Divide a 2 — a 2 by a 2 — a 2 
 
 3. Multiply ifaffi 
 
 4. Divide 14 into two parts such that the quotient of the 
 greater divided by the less shall be to the quotient of the 
 less divided by the greater as 16 to 9. 
 
 5. Solve the equation ^x + 8 + ^x + 3 = \fx. 
 
 6. The sum of two numbers is 17 ; and twice the square 
 of the first, increased by 30, is equal to 3 times the square 
 of the second. Find the numbers. 
 
 7. Explain the method of inserting a given number of 
 arithmetical means between two given terms. 
 
 8. Find the sum of an infinite number of terms of the 
 series 4, ^ 2 , |J, &c. 
 
 9. "What is the seventh term in the expansion of [a — x) 10 ? 
 
 10. A and B have the same number of horses. A can 
 make up twice as many teams, taking 3 horses at a time, as 
 B can make up, taking 2 at a time. Find the number of 
 horses. 
 
158 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Find the least common multiple of x z — x, X s — 1, 
 and X s + 1. Obtain the result, if possible, by factoring. 
 
 2. Simplify (ai X cit)t\ 
 
 3. Add together ^40, ^035, ^625. 
 
 4. Find both roots of the equation 2 x -{- ^5 x -\- 10 
 = 11. 
 
 5. What two numbers are those whose difference is to 
 the less as 4 to 3, and whose product multiplied by the 
 less is 504 ? 
 
 6. What is the 4th term in the expansion of Ic — j) ? 
 
 7. The difference of two numbers is 3, and the difference 
 of their cubes is 63. What are the numbers ? 
 
 8. Obtain the formula for the sum of the terms of an 
 Arithmetical Progression. 
 
 2 2 
 
 9. Find the sum of the series 2, ^ ^-, to infinity. 
 
 10. How many arrangements can be made of the letters 
 in the word Richmond, taking four letters in a set ? 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Eeduce the following expression to its simplest form : 
 a 2 —[2ab—{bc—(a+b — c) (a — (b — c))} + 3 ab] 
 ~(b + c)\ 
 
 2. State and prove the rule for the sign of a power and 
 of a root. How do imaginary quantities arise ? 
 
 2 
 
 3. What is denoted by a ? by a~ 3 ? by a 6 ? 
 
ADVANCED ALGEBRA. 159 
 
 x 
 
 — 1 
 
 x i 
 
 4. Eeduce 1 to its simplest form. 
 
 1 — 
 
 
 x+1 
 
 5. Solve the equation ax 2 -]- 2hx + & = 0; and prove 
 
 that the product of the roots = -. 
 
 6. There are seven numbers in Arithmetical Progression 
 such that the sum of the 1st and 5th is 16, and the product 
 of the 4th and 7th is 160. Find the numbers. (This 
 question admits two solutions. Both are required.) 
 
 7. Multiply 1 _ 5 v/7 by — 2 — 3 v/7. Divide ^L jj^ 
 
 bv^ 
 y cdfc 
 
 8. Find the sixth term of ( -^ — J b sja V 
 
 9. Find the greatest common divisor and the least com- 
 mon multiple of 6 X s — 6 x 2 — 72 x and 4 a* — 16 x 3 — ■ 
 84 a 2 . 
 
 IY. 
 
 1. Extract the cube root of 64 — 96 x — x 6 + 40 x* — 
 
 6 a 5 . 
 
 2. Solve the equation ""* - 3J = 0. 
 
 x — 1 £x 
 
 3. Multiply together 2 + 3 V — 1, 3 — 2 y/ — 1, and 
 12 — 5 /=T 
 
 4. Three times the product of two numbers, diminished 
 by the square of the first, equals the square of the second 
 plus one. Also the first number is greater by one than 
 twice the second. Find the numbers. (Give both solu- 
 tions.) 
 
 5. Solve the equation ax 2 + bx -f- c = 0, and state 
 
160 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 what relative values of a, b, and c will make the roots equal, 
 and what values will make them imaginary. 
 
 6. In an Arithmetical Progression, given the number of 
 terms, the common difference, and the sum of the terms; 
 — obtain formulas for the first term and the last. 
 
 7. In a Geometrical Progression the first term is 2\, and 
 the fifth term is -£. Find the sum of the series to infinity. 
 
 8. Find the sixth term of ( * /-! 
 
 \\ be dab/ 
 
 a _ Vc y 
 
 9. How many whole numbers of four figures each can 
 you form, each number either beginning or ending with 5, 
 and no number containing the same figure twice? 
 
 V. 
 
 1. What are eggs a dozen when two more in a shilling's 
 worth lowers the price one penny per dozen ? 
 
 2. Solve the equations x 3 — y 3 = 63, x 2 y — xy 2 = 12. 
 
 3. Multiply | + IVJ by J - 7^. 
 
 Divide , / .. _, by v _* — . 
 aya.tyc.d 3 J a 8 yb 8 .c 
 
 4. Solve the equation ^(21 + 4x) + \/(x + 3) — y/(x+ 8) 
 — 0. 
 
 5. From the letters abode, how many combinations of 2 
 letters can be taken ? how many of 3 ? how many of 4 ? 
 Give the reasons. 
 
 6. Prove that the sum of any number of antecedents of 
 a continued proportion is to the sum of the corresponding 
 consequents as any one antecedent is to its consequent. 
 
 7. Find the greatest common divisor of 27a^ + 3a 3 — 
 lOr 2 and 162a* — 32z. 
 
ADVANCED ALGEBRA. 161 
 
 8. For what values of a, b, and c is - positive, and 
 
 6 — c 
 
 for what values negative? For what values is it ? oo ? 
 indeterminate ? 
 
 9. Find r and n in an arithmetical progression when a, 
 I, and S are known. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. A certain sum of money at simple interest will 
 amount to a dollars in m months, and to b dollars in n 
 months. Find the principal and the rate of interest. Find 
 the answers when a = 1837.50, b = 1890.00, m = 10, n 
 = 16. 
 
 2. There are three numbers in geometric progression of 
 which the continued product is 64 and the sum of their 
 cubes 584. Find the numbers. 
 
 i h 
 a + 
 
 3. Simplify —? (a Q — b% 
 
 1-? 
 
 4. Find the greatest common divisor of 24x 7 -f- 6x 3 — 
 30a: and 4=x 10 — 4^. 
 
 5. Find the square root of 25# 6 — 20x 5 y — 6x^y 2 + 
 34^ _ YYxY — 6V + 9?/ 6 . 
 
 6. Solve the equation 2y/x — ^4x + <J7x + 2 = 1. 
 
 7. To find two numbers when their sum and product are 
 given. In what case are the answers imaginary ? How 
 must a given number be divided in order that the product 
 of its parts shall be as great as possible ? 
 
 8. State and prove the Eule of Three. 
 
162 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 PLANE GEOMETRY. 
 
 1. Define a Surface, a Plane, a Plane Figure, a Polygon. 
 Mention all the different kinds of quadrilaterals. 
 
 2. Prove that if two angles of a triangle are equal, the 
 sides opposite these angles are also equal. 
 
 3. How many degrees in each interior angle of a regular 
 decagon ? State and prove the proposition which enables 
 you to answer this question. 
 
 4. What is the measure of an angle made by two tangents ? 
 by two chords which intersect ? by two chords which do not 
 intersect ? by a tangent and a chord drawn through the point 
 of contact? Draw a figure for each case. 
 
 5. What is the length of the longest line that can be 
 drawn through a rectangular block of marble 12 feet long, 
 4 feet wide, and 3 feet thick ? 
 
 6. On a given line as chord, to construct an arc of a given 
 number of degrees. 
 
 7. Two tangents drawn to a circle make with each other 
 an angle of 60 degrees ; how many degrees of arc between 
 the two points of contact ? 
 
 8. What is meant by the equation it = 3.1416 ? Calculate 
 the difference in area between a circle whose diameter is 
 20, and the square inscribed in it. 
 
 9. Construct a triangle, having given the base, an ad- 
 jacent angle, and the altitude. 
 
PLANE GEOMETRY. 163 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Define a Point ; a Surface ; a Plane ; an Angle. What 
 is assumed as the measure of angles ? 
 
 2. Prove that when two oblique lines are drawn at un- 
 equal distances from the perpendicular, the more remote is 
 the greater. 
 
 3. Prove that when the opposite sides of a quadrilateral 
 are equal, the figure is a parallelogram. 
 
 4. Two angles of a triangle being given, to find the third 
 by geometric construction. 
 
 m 
 
 5. What is the measure of an inscribed angle ? State and 
 prove. 
 
 6. Two tangents drawn to a circle make with each other 
 an angle of 20° ; how many degrees of arc between the two 
 points of contact ? 
 
 7. The side of an equilateral triangle is 12 ; what is its 
 altitude ? 
 
 8. Construct a triangle, having given the base and adja- 
 cent angle, and the altitude. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Define a Eight Angle, a Perpendicular, Parallel Lines. 
 On what does the magnitude of an angle depend ? What 
 arc is assumed as the usual measure of an angle ? Why ? 
 
 2. To inscribe a circle in a given triangle. 
 
 3. Prove that two triangles are equal if the three sides of 
 one are equal respectively to the three sides of the other. 
 
 4. Define Similar Polygons. 
 
 5. To find a mean proportional between two given lines. 
 Prove the theorem on which your solution depends. 
 
 
164 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 6. Prove that every equilateral polygon inscribed in a 
 circle is regular. 
 
 7. The ratio of the squares described on the two legs of 
 a right triangle is equal to the ratio of what two lines ? 
 
 8. To construct a square which shall be to a given square 
 in a given ratio. Take for the given ratio 2 : 3. 
 
 9. What are the expressions for the circumference and 
 area of a circle in terms of n and the radius ? 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Define a Plane, a Plane Figure, a Parallelogram. 
 
 2. Prove that, if in a triangle two angles are equal, the 
 opposite sides are also equal and the triangle is isosceles. 
 
 3. What is the measure of an inscribed angle? State 
 and prove. 
 
 4. Upon a given straight line to construct a segment 
 such that any angle inscribed in it shall have a given mag- 
 nitude. 
 
 5. To find a fourth proportional to three given lines. 
 
 6. Define Similar Polygons. Draw two polygons mutually 
 equiangular, but not similar; also two polygons having 
 proportional sides, but not similar. In what cases are tri- 
 angles similar. 
 
 7. Prove that any two parallelograms of the same base 
 and altitude are equivalent. 
 
 8. Prove : (a.) That similar triangles are to each other as 
 the squares of their homologous sides. (6.) Prove that of 
 similar polygons. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Prove that the perpendicular from the centre of a cir- 
 cle upon a chord bisects the chord and the arc subtended 
 by the chord. 
 
PLANE GEOMETRY. 165 
 
 2. To circumscribe a circle about a given triangle. 
 
 3. Prove that two angles are to each other in the ratio of 
 two arcs described from their vertices as centres with equal 
 radii. 
 
 4. Prove that a line drawn through two sides of a tri- 
 angle parallel to the third side divides those two sides into 
 proportional parts. 
 
 5. State and prove the proportion which exists between 
 the parts of two chords which cut each other in a circle. 
 State what proportion exists when two secants are drawn 
 from a point without the circle. 
 
 6. Prove that two regular polygons of the same number 
 of sides are similar. 
 
 7. Prove that similar triangles are to each other as the 
 squares of their homologous sides. 
 
 8. Show how the area of a polygon circumscribed about 
 a circle may be found ; then how the area of a circle may be 
 found; then prove that circles are to each other as the 
 squares of their radii. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. Prove that if two opposite sides of a quadrilateral 
 are equal and parallel, the other two sides are also equal 
 and parallel. 
 
 •2. To describe a circle of which the circumference shall 
 pass through three given points not in a straight line. 
 
 3. To find a fourth proportional to three given lines by a 
 geometrical construction. 
 
 4. Prove that a perpendicular dropped in a right triangle 
 from the vertex of the right angle to the hypothenuse 
 divides the triangle into two triangles which are similar to 
 each other and to the whole triangle. 
 
166 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 5. To find a mean proportional between two given 
 lines. 
 
 6. To circumscribe about a circle a regular polygon simi- 
 lar to a given inscribed regular polygon. 
 
 7. Similar polygons are to each other as the squares of 
 their homologous sides. What is the ratio between the 
 areas of two circles ? 
 
 8. Prove that the area of a circle of which r is the 
 radius is equal to w r 2 . 
 
 VII. 
 
 1. Prove that if two triangles have two sides of the one 
 respectively equal to two sides of the other, while the in- 
 cluded angles are unequal, the third sides will be unequal, 
 and the greater third side will belong to that triangle which 
 has the greater included angle. 
 
 2. Prove that the greater of two chords in a circle is 
 subtended by the greater arc ; and the converse. 
 
 3. Find the common measure of these two lines, and 
 express their ratio in numbers : 
 
 
 4. To divide one side of a triangle into two parts pro- 
 portional to the other two sides. (Solve and prove.) 
 
 5. The perimeters of similar polygons are to each other 
 in what ratio ? (State and prove.) 
 
 6. To circumscribe a circle about a given regular polygon. 
 (Solve and prove.) 
 
 7. Prove that the line which joins the middle points of 
 the two sides of a trapezoid which are not parallel is paral- 
 lel to the two parallel sides and equal to half their sum. 
 What is the area of a trapezoid ? 
 
PLANE GEOMETRY. 167 
 
 . 8. To construct a parallelogram equivalent to a given 
 square and having the sum of its base and altitude equal 
 to a given line. (Solve and prove.) 
 
 VIII. 
 
 1. Prove that only one perpendicular can be drawn from 
 a point to a straight line. 
 
 2. Prove that of two sides of a triangle that is the 
 greater which is opposite the greater angle. State and 
 prove the converse. 
 
 3. Through a given point to draw a tangent to a given 
 circle. 
 
 4. Prove that if a line be drawn so as to divide two 
 sides of a triangle into proportional parts, this line is paral- 
 lel to the third side. 
 
 5. To inscribe in a circle a regular decagon. 
 
 6. Prove that a triangle is equivalent to half of any 
 parallelogram of the same base and altitude. 
 
 7. To find a triangle equivalent to a given polygon. 
 
 8. To construct a parallelogram equivalent to a given 
 square, and having the difference of its base and altitude 
 equal to a given line. 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Prove that when oblique lines are drawn from a point 
 in a perpendicular to points unequally distant from the 
 foot of the perpendicular, the more remote line is the 
 longer. 
 
 2. To bisect a given angle. 
 
 3. Draw a number of lines radiating from a point, and 
 
168 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 then draw two parallel lines intersecting them : prove that 
 the parts of these parallels are proportional. 
 
 4. A tangent and a secant being drawn from a point out- 
 side a circle, prove that the tangent is a mean proportional 
 between the entire secant and its exterior part. 
 
 5. What is the centre of a regular polygon ? Prove 
 that the sides of a regular polygon are equally distant from 
 the centre. 
 
 6. The circumference of a circle is 341.8 feet; what is 
 the circumference of another circle having twice the area 
 of the former ? (If you have not time to perform the com- 
 putation, you can explain how to do it.) 
 
 X. 
 
 1. In what three cases is it proved that two triangles are 
 equal ? In what three cases, that they are similar ? De- 
 fine similar polygons. 
 
 2. Prove that if two opposite sides of a quadrilateral are 
 equal and parallel, the other two sides are also equal and 
 parallel. Define a Trapezoid. 
 
 3. Prove that if two polygons are composed of the same 
 number of triangles which are respectively similar and 
 similarly disposed, the polygons are similar. 
 
 4. State and prove the theorem concerning the ratio be- 
 tween the areas of two similar triangles. 
 
 5. Prove that two regular polygons of the same number 
 of sides are similar. 
 
 6. Find the formula for the area of a circle in terms of 
 the radius and the ratio of the circumference to the di- 
 ameter. 
 
PLANE GEOMETRY. 169 
 
 XI. 
 
 1. To how many right angles is the sum of all the inte- 
 rior angles of any polygon equal ? State and prove ; and 
 then state and draw the figure for the theorem on which 
 this one immediately depends. 
 
 2. What is the measure of the angle formed by two 
 chords which cut each other between the centre and the 
 circumference ? by two chords which meet at the circum- 
 ference ? by two secants which meet without the circumfer- 
 ence ? Draw the figure for each case, and prove the last 
 one. 
 
 3. To describe a circle through three given points. 
 
 4. Prove that two regular polygons of the same num- 
 ber of sides are similar. 
 
 5. The area of a trapezoid is half the product of its alti- 
 tude by the sum of its parallel sides. 
 
 6. The perimeter of a regular hexagon is 18. Find 
 (a.) The area of the circumscribed circle ; 
 
 (b.) The area of the square inscribed in this circle. 
 
 7. Prove the proportion that exists between the parts oi 
 two intersecting chords. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. Two parallel lines are cut by a third line. Prove 
 what angles formed by these lines are equal, and also what 
 angles are supplements of each other. 
 
 2. Obtain the value of any interior angle of a regular 
 octagon. 
 
 3. An angle inscribed in a circle is measured by half the 
 arc intercepted by its sides. Prove this proposition for 
 each of the three cases which may arise. 
 
170 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 4. State and prove the method of finding the centre of a 
 given circle or arc. 
 
 5. State and prove the method of finding a mean pro- 
 portional between two given straight lines. 
 
 6. From a point without a circle secants are drawn to the 
 circle. Prove the proportion existing between the entire 
 secants and the parts lying outside the circle. 
 
 What corollary results when one of these secant lines 
 becomes a tangent. 
 
 7. Show how a square may be constructed equal in area 
 to any given polygon. 
 
 XIII. 
 
 1. The perimeters of similar polygons are to each other 
 in what ratio ? The areas of similar polygons are to each 
 other in what ratio ? Proof in both cases. 
 
 2. To make a square which is to a given square in a 
 given ratio. 
 
 3. Prove that two rectangles are to each other as the 
 products of their bases by their altitudes. What follows 
 if we suppose one of the rectangles to be the unit of sur- 
 face ? 
 
 4. Prove that two similar polygons may be divided into 
 the same number of triangles, that are similar each to each 
 and similarly placed. 
 
 5. To divide this line 
 
 into three parts proportional to the numbers 2, 4 ; and 3, 
 and prove the principle involved. 
 
 6. Prove that a line which divides two sides of a trian- 
 gle proportionally is parallel to the third side. 
 
 
 
PLANE GEOMETRY. 171 
 
 7. Prove that a tangent to a circle is perpendicular to 
 the radius drawn to the point of contact. 
 
 8. Prove that parallel chords intercept upon the circum- 
 ference equal arcs. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 1. Prove that two triangles are equal when a side and 
 the two adjacent angles of the one are respectively equal 
 to a side and the two adjacent angles of the other. Under 
 what other conditions are two triangles equal to each other ? 
 
 2. Prove that the diagonals of a parallelogram mutually 
 bisect each other. Prove at what angle the diagonals of a 
 rhombus bisect each other. 
 
 3. Given the circumference of a circle, show how to find 
 the centre. Show also how to draw a tangent to the cir- 
 cumference, either from a point on the circumference or 
 from one without it. Give the proof in the last case. 
 
 4. Prove that the area of any circumscribed polygon is 
 half the product of its perimeter by the radius of the in- 
 scribed circle. 
 
 5. Show how a regular hexagon may be inscribed in a 
 circle ; also an equilateral triangle. Find the ratio of the 
 side of the inscribed equilateral triangle to the radius of 
 the circle. 
 
 6. Prove that similar triangles are to each other as the 
 squares of their homologous sides. 
 
 7. Show how to find a triangle equivalent to a given 
 polygon. 
 
172 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 SOLID GEOMETRY. 
 
 COURSE II. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Prove that two parallel lines are always in the same 
 plane. 
 
 2. Prove that the sum of the plane angles, which form a 
 solid angle, is always less than four right angles. (This 
 theorem is sometimes stated thus : The sum of the face 
 angles of a polyhedral angle is less than four right 
 angles.) 
 
 3. Prove that parallel sections of a pyramid are similar 
 polygons. What proposition relating to the volumes of 
 pyramids is proved by aid of this proposition ? (State, but 
 do not prove.) 
 
 4. Prove that the sum of the angles of a spherical tri- 
 angle is greater than two right angles. 
 
 5. A spherical triangle has angles of 75°, 94°, and 91°; 
 what is its area in degrees ? How large a portion of the 
 surface of the sphere does it cover ? 
 
 6. The surface of a sphere is 31.17 square feet; what is 
 the surface of another sphere having three times the 
 volume of the former? 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Define a Plane, a Prism, a Great Circle. How many 
 faces has a parallelopiped ? How many edges ? How is 
 the angle between two planes measured ? 
 
 2. Prove that if two planes are perpendicular to a 
 third plane, their line of intersection is also perpendicular 
 to the third plane. 
 
SOLID GEOMETRY. 173 
 
 3. Prove that the section of a pyramid made by a 
 plane parallel to the base is a polygon similar to the 
 base. 
 
 4. Prove that a triangular pyramid is a third part of a 
 triangular prism of the same base and altitude. 
 
 5. Prove that the sum of the angles of a spherical tri- 
 angle is greater than two right angles. 
 
 6. Given the radius of a sphere = 2 inches. Compute 
 the volume and convex surface. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. If two planes are perpendicular to each other, the 
 line drawn in one plane perpendicular to the common in- 
 tersection is also perpendicular to the second plane. 
 
 2. The sum of all the plane angles which form a solid 
 angle is always less than four right angles. 
 
 3. The solidity of a triangular prism is the product of 
 its base by its altitude. Prove; and then show briefly 
 how this theorem is made use of in finding the volume of 
 a cylinder. Give the formula to express that volume. 
 
 4. Define similar polyhedrons. Prove that similar prisms^ 
 or pyramids, are to each other as the cubes of their alti- 
 tudes. 
 
 5. Prove that if two spherical triangles on the same 
 sphere, or on equal spheres, are equilateral with respect to 
 each other, they are also equiangular with respect to each 
 other. 
 
 6. The length of a perfectly round log of wood is 20 
 feet, and the diameter of each end is 12 feet. Find : (a.) 
 Its convex surface, (b.) The surface of the greatest sphere 
 which can be cut out of it. (c.) The volume of this sphere. 
 
174 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. Prove that the intersections of two parallel planes 
 with any third plane are parallel lines. Define parallel 
 planes. 
 
 2. Planes are passed through a pyramid parallel to its 
 base ; prove that the sections formed are similar polygons, 
 and that these polygons are to each other as the squares of 
 their distances from the vertex. 
 
 3. What are the regular polyhedrons ? How many faces 
 has each ? how many vertices ? how many edges ? What 
 are the faces in each case ? 
 
 4. A spherical triangle being given, to construct its po- 
 lar. Prove the relations that exist between the sides and 
 angles of a spherical triangle and those of the polar tri- 
 angle. 
 
 5. The surface of a sphere is given, to find the surface 
 of a sphere whose volume is five times as great. 
 
 6. A right cylinder and a right cone have the same cir- 
 cular base and the same altitude ; compare their volumes. 
 Compare with these the volume of a sphere having the 
 same radius as the base of the cone. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Prove that oblique lines drawn from a point to a 
 plane, at equal distances from the perpendicular, are equal ; 
 and that of two oblique lines unequally distant from the per- 
 pendicular the more remote is the greater. As a corollary 
 to this theorem, show how a perpendicular may be drawn 
 to a plane from a given point without the plane. 
 
 2. Prove that two straight lines, comprehended between 
 
SOLID GEOMETEY. 175 
 
 three parallel planes, are divided into parts which are pro- 
 portional to each other. 
 
 3. Prove that the sum of any two of the face angles of 
 a triedral angle is greater than the third. 
 
 4. By what may a right cone be considered to be gener- 
 ated ? To what is the area of its convex surface equal ? 
 To what is its solidity equal ? Compare the solidity of a 
 right cone with that of a right cylinder, when both solids 
 have the same altitude, and the radius of the base of the 
 cylinder is double that of the base of the cone. 
 
 5. Prove that the sum of the sides of a spherical triangle 
 is less than four right angles, and that the sum of the an- 
 gles is greater than two right angles. 
 
 6. Prove that every triangular pyramid is one third of 
 a triangular prism having the same base and altitude. 
 
 
176 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. 
 
 I 
 
 1. How do you find the co-ordinates of the point where 
 two given lines intersect ? 
 
 2. Find the vertices of a triangle of which the sides are 
 2x + Ay + 7 == 0, 2x + y — 2 = 0, 2x — 2y + 1 = 0. 
 
 3. Draw the lines just given and find the angles of the 
 triangle they form. 
 
 4. What curve is represented by each of the following 
 equations ? (i.) x 2 + y 2 + \y = 0. (ii.) 9x 2 + 25/ = 
 400. (iii.) y 2 — 7x. (iv.) 16y 2 — 9^ + 36 = 0. Find 
 the points at which each of these curves cuts the axes of 
 co-ordinates. 
 
 5. Explain briefly how to construct a conic section when 
 you have given the eccentricity (Boscovich's ratio), and the 
 distance from the directrix to the focus. Take, for example, 
 the eccentricity = -J, and the distance from the directrix 
 to the focus = 2J. 
 
 6. Find the equation of a conic section when the direc- 
 trix is the axis of ordinates, and a perpendicular from 
 the focus on the directrix is the axis of abscissas. Take, 
 for example, the same data as are given in the preceding 
 question. 
 
 Find what this equation becomes if transformed to a new 
 set of axes parallel to the former and passing through the 
 centre of the curve. 
 
 7. What is the locus of a point whose distance from a 
 
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. 177 
 
 fixed line is equal to its distance from a fixed point ? Find 
 the equation. 
 
 8. Construct a hyperbola whose transverse axis is 6 and 
 less focal distance 2. Find also the conjugate axis, and 
 the foci and directices of the conjugate hyperbola. 
 
178 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Find the value of the following fraction by logarithms: 
 / 0.010006 \ 3 
 
 VL.4 X ^0.325062/ ' 
 
 2. Find the value of the following fraction by logarithms : 
 / (0.050395) 2 \ 
 
 \3.2 X ^0.546781/ 
 
 3. Find the value of the following fraction by logarithms, 
 
 /0.00101904 X 0.99992\* 
 using arithmetical complements : ( 760 x ffoMmW' " 
 
 4. Define a logarithm. 
 
 5. Find, by logarithms, the value of the following quan- 
 tities to six sig nificant fi gures: y/0.0117283 ; (0.50396) 2 ; 
 
 ^0.0117283 
 
 V0.50396/ ' 
 
 use arithmetical complements 
 
 2.4 X (0.50396) 2 " 
 in dividing. 
 
 6. Solve the equation 32* = 8 by logarithms. 
 
 7. Prove that the sum of the logarithms of several num- 
 bers is equal to the logarithm of their product. 
 
 8. Find, by logarithms, the values of the following quan- 
 tities to six significant figures : \/(0.62394) ; (0.00102173) 2 ; 
 
 (0.0012173) 2 
 
 i 
 
 0.62394' 3.1X^(0.62394)* 
 
 II. 
 
 1. In a system of which the base is 9, what is the loga- 
 rithm of 81 ? of 3 ? of 27 ? of 9 ? of 1 ? of £ ? of ^ ? of ? 
 
LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 179 
 
 2. Find, by common logarithms, the values of the follow- 
 ing quantities (to five significant figures) : ^(0.492162) j 
 
 (°- 011009 ) 6 ; (oorW ; j ^vSnr Use arith ' 
 
 metical complements in dividing. 
 
 3. Solve the equation 2048* = 16, by logarithms. 
 
 4. Express in a decimal form the numbers which have 
 the following logarithms in a system of which the base is 
 16:2; —2; —0.25; 2.75; 0. 
 
 5. Find, by common logarithms, the values of the fol- 
 lowing quantities (to five significant figures) : \/ (0.485463) ; 
 
 (°- 00l:50106 ) 2 = (0.00130106)* ' 2.7 ^SlWf ^ 
 arithmetical complements in dividing. 
 
 6. Prove that the logarithm of the product of two num- 
 bers is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the numbers. 
 
 17. Find, by logarithms, the values of the following quan- 
 ities (to six significant figures) : ^(0.0126534) ; (———\ ; 
 ftA , ' /n f ^ 0/ny Use arithmetical complements in divid- 
 .204 X (0.56036)^ 
 
 ing. 
 
 8. Solve the equation 243* = 81 by logarithms. 
 
 9. What is the characteristic of a logarithm ? 
 
 10. What is the logarithm of 1. ? of .1 ? of 1000. ? of 
 .00001 ? of one hundred billionth ? 
 
 11. Find, by logarithms, the value of the following 
 
 quantities (to six significant figures) : ( moawi ) '> 
 
 ^(0.0357635) 
 
 (V2.04 + V1.2036) 2 ' 
 
 12. Solve the equation 1024* = 64. 
 
180 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Prove that the logarithm of a quotient is equal to the 
 logarithm of the dividend diminished by the logarithm of 
 the divisor. 
 
 2. Find, by logarithms, the values of the following quan- 
 
 m.-. mm, <%»*%? . 
 
 3. Prove the formula (sin A) 2 + (cos A) 2 = 1. What 
 is the formula for the cosine of the sum of two angles ? 
 
 4. Solve the oblique triangle in which a = 50, A = 45°, 
 B= 60°. K B. — a, b, c denote the sides; A, B, C the 
 angles respectively opposite to a, b, c. 
 
 5. In a system of logarithms, of which 4 is the base, 
 determine the logarithms of the following numbers: 4; 
 16; 2; 8; 32; 1; J = 0.5 ; J = 0.25 ; £=0.125; T \ = 
 0.0625 ; 0. What is the base of the common system of 
 logarithms ? 
 
 6. Find, by logarithms, using arithmetical complements, 
 
 the values of the expressions: (0.001109) 2 ; 001109^ 
 5 Mo.492) X 560 
 
 i 
 
 9 X (0.001 109) 2 
 
 fnnrtvinn rvf nnv flncrlp. A = 
 
 tan A 
 
 sgc A 
 7. What single function of any angle A = j ? What 
 
 function is the reciprocal of the secant. 
 
 8. Give the formulas for the sine and cosine of the 
 sum and of the difference of two angles ; and deduce from 
 these the formulas for the sine and cosine of the double of 
 an angle and of the half of an angle. 
 
 9. What is the sine and cosine of 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 
 360°. Work out the formulas for the trigonometric func- 
 tions of (270° — JV). 
 
LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 181 
 
 10. Solve the triangle in which 6=0 007625, c = 0.015, 
 B = 29°. Find both solutions. K B.—A, B, C denote 
 the angles respectively opposite the sides a, b, c. 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. What is the logarithm of 1 in any system ? of any 
 number in a system of which that number is the base ? 
 In a system of which the base is 4, what is the logarithm 
 of 64 ? of 2 ? of 8 ? of J ? 
 
 2. Find by logarithms, using arithmetical complements, 
 
 the value of the fraction ^ ' — — . 
 
 ^(0.0046) X 23.309 
 
 3. Prove the formula for the cosine of the sum of two 
 angles ; and deduce the formulas for the cosine of the 
 double of an angle and the cosine of the half of an angle. 
 
 4. In what quadrants is the cosine positive, and in what 
 quadrant is it negative ? Prove the values of the cosine of 
 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°. 
 
 5. Given in an oblique triangle b = 0.254, c = 0.317, 
 B = 46°. Solve completely. 
 
 V. 
 
 1. Prove that the logarithm of the product of several 
 j factors is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors. 
 
 2. Prove that the logarithm of the nth. root of a number 
 is ^th of the logarithm of the number. 
 
 3. Work the following examples: 0.01706 X 8.7634 
 
 X °- 001 = ? ; KT^a = I! V/4.9 = ?; ^029 = 
 
 0.01706 
 
 ?. 
 
 \/(8.76M) s X 100 . TT ,,, ,. _ , 1 
 
 — — - — , ? Use arithmetical complements in 
 
 9 X ^0.1109 X (4.9) * 
 
 working the last. 
 
182 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 4. Which of the trigonometric functions are always less 
 than unity ? which always greater ? which sometimes 
 greater and sometimes less ? 
 
 5. Write down the formulas for the sine and cosine of 
 the sum, and the sine and cosine of the difference of two 
 angles. 
 
 6. Prove the formula sin 2 a + cos 2 a = 1. 
 
 7. From the formulas of the two preceding questions de- 
 duce formulas for the sine, cosine, and tangent of twice an 
 angle, and of half an angle. 
 
 8. To solve a triangle in which two sides and an angle 
 opposite one of them are given. Example : one side = 
 47.6, another side = 32.9, and the angle opposite the latter 
 side = 53° 24'. 
 
 VI. 
 
 1. Prove that the logarithm of the product of several 
 factors is equal to the sum of the logarithms of the factors. 
 
 2. Work the following examples : (a.) 0.01706 X 8.7634 
 X 0.00 1 = ? (6.) Q.oyVo e = « to \£§ = ? tf&29 = ? 
 
 (d.) (/- ^S Tou = t Use arithmetical com- 
 v; V9x s/°- 1109 X (49)1 
 plements in working the last. 
 
 3. Find the sines, cosines, and tangents, both natural and 
 logarithmic, of the following angles: (A.) 24° 47' 22". 
 (B.) 56° 23' 14". (C.) 134° 28'. Find the angles which 
 correspond to the following functions: log sin A = 9.94325. 
 nat cos B = — 0.57832. nat tan C = 1.473. 
 
 4. Prove the formula a 2 = b 2 + c 2 — 2 be cos A. 
 
 5. Prove the formulas 1 + cos A = 2 (cos J ^l) 2 . 
 1 — cos A = 2 (sin \ A) 2 . 
 
LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 183 
 
 6. From the formulas of the last two questions deduce 
 the formula sin J A = y ^ '• 
 
 7. The sides of a triangle are 37, 41, and 48 ; what are 
 the angles ? 
 
 8. To solve a triangle when two sides and the included 
 angle are given. Example : Given the sides 47.6 and 58.4, 
 the included angle 52° 24'. 
 
 VII 
 
 1. In a system of logarithms of which the base is 16, 
 what is the number of which the logarithm is — 1.25? 
 In the system of which 10 is the base, why do the log- 
 arithms of two numbers composed of the same series of 
 significant figures differ only in their characteristics ? 
 
 2. Prove that the logarithm of the continued product 
 of several numbers is equal to the sum of their log- 
 arithms. 
 
 3. Write (without proving) the formulas for the sine and 
 cosine of the sum and of the difference of two angles ; and 
 prove the formula cos A + cos B = 2 cos J {A + B) cos J 
 (A-B). 
 
 4. Give the values of the sine, cosine, and tangent of 
 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°. Find the formula for cos (270° 
 
 5. Given in a triangle b = 0.1072, c = 0.0625, C= 20° 
 17'. Solve completely. 
 
 \f (0 07323) 2 
 
 6. Find by logarithms the value of 3 5308 x 3700 " 
 
 7. Given the cotangent of an angle equal to 2 )J 2 ; find 
 the other trigonometric functions, by computation. 
 
 _ 
 
184 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 VIII 
 
 1 . What is the reason that, in the common system, the 
 logarithms of two numbers consisting of the same series of 
 significant figures differ only in their characteristics ? 
 
 2. Write (without proving) the formulas for the sine and 
 cosine of the sum and of the difference of two angles ; and 
 deduce those for the sine and cosine of the double of an 
 angle and of the half of an angle. 
 
 3. Find, by means of formulas, the trigonometric func- 
 tions of 30° and 60°. 
 
 a + b tan £ (A + B) 
 
 4. Prove that, in any triangle, ^—^ = t&n ^ (A _ B y 
 
 5. Solve the triangle in which a = 110.6, b = 56.7, 
 C = 108° 24'. 
 
 6. Find, by logarithms, the value of the fraction 
 ff(0.027919) 3 
 
 (0.0010708) 2 X 7.9' 
 
 IX. 
 
 1. Obtain a formula by which, when the sine of an angle 
 is known, its cosine may be found. Also formulas for 
 finding the tangent and cotangent of an angle, when the 
 sine and cosine are given. 
 
 2. Obtain, by the formulas of the previous question, the 
 trigonometric functions of 45°. 
 
 3. Prove that, in any triangle, the sines of any two 
 angles are proportional to the opposite sides. 
 
 4. Solve the triangle in which two sides are 32.64 and 
 25.14, and the angle opposite the second side is 32° 48'. 
 Are there two solutions to this problem ? "Why ? 
 
 5. Find, by logarithms, the value of y — '- — ^' -. 
 

 LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 185 
 
 6. State the process and give the formulas by which, 
 when two sides and the included angle of a triangle are 
 known, the remaining parts can be obtained. 
 
 X. 
 
 1. In the system of logarithms with six for its base, of 
 what numbers will 3 and — 3 be the logarithms ? What 
 will be the index of the logarithm of 2000 ? 
 
 2. Find, by logarithms, the value of ■= VjA 
 
 84.9 X -001 
 
 (.4286) 2 
 
 3. Show, by means of a diagram, what lines may be 
 taken to represent the sine and the cosine of angles in each 
 of the four quadrants of a circle, the radius of the circle be- 
 ing unity. Show also what are the algebraic signs of these 
 same functions in the different quadrants. 
 
 4. Obtain formulas for the trigonometric functions of a 
 negative angle. 
 
 5. In a right plane triangle, one side is 0.1426 and the 
 opposite angle is 47° 29'. Solve the triangle. 
 
 6. Write the formulas for the sine and the cosine of the 
 sum of any two angles ; and obtain from them formulas 
 for the sine and the cosine of the double angle. The sine 
 of a certain angle is gV Find the trigonometric functions 
 of double that angle. 
 
 7. Two sides of a plane oblique triangle are 16.49 and 
 21.37, and the included angle is 129° 37'. Find the other 
 two angles. State the method of finding the remaining side. 
 
 8. One angle of a plane triangle is 30°, and an adjacent 
 side is 12. What values of the side opposite the given 
 angle will give two solutions to the triangle ? What 
 values will give only one ? What values will give no so- 
 lution ? 
 
186 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 XL 
 
 1. Between what two integers docs the common loga- 
 rithm of 327.8 lie ? Give the reason for your answer. 
 
 2. Find, by logarithms, the value of .-o^Jg2 X ("t) 3 X 
 ^8241 
 
 3. In what quadrants may an angle be taken whose se- 
 cant is 1.25 ? Obtain the corresponding values of the sine. 
 
 4. Find all the functions of (180° + y). 
 
 5. The hypothenuse of a right triangle is 0.3287, and 
 one side is 0.1938. Solve the triangle. 
 
 6. By means of the formulas for the sine and the cosine 
 of the sum of two angles, obtain the formula, tan (x -f- y) 
 
 tan x -\- tan y 
 1 — tan x tan y 
 
 7. The three sides of a triangle are 1.328, 1.416, and 
 0.9388. Find the angles. 
 
 XII. 
 
 1. In a certain system of logarithms the logarithm of 
 0.125 is —1.5. What is the base? 
 
 2. Find, by logarithms, the value of ^f -*- f (.0048659)1 
 
 3. Of the following angles, which have a cosine equal to 
 — 0.5 ? a tangent equal to 1 ? a cosecant equal to — sj'2 ? 
 45°; 120°; 225°; 240°; 315°; —240°; —315°; 600°. 
 
 4 If sin (f> = m, obtain the values of sin 2<f> and cos 20. 
 
 5. In any triangle ABC, prove that a 2 = J 2 -f- c 2 — 
 2bc cos A. 
 
 6. Solve the right triangle, given an angle 47° 48' 13", 
 and the opposite side 0.043629. 
 
LOGARITHMS AND TRIGONOMETRY. 187 
 
 7. Find all the trigonometric functions of (180° -f- y). 
 
 8. Give the formulas and state the process by which an 
 oblique triangle is solved when two sides and the included 
 angle are given. 
 
188 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 PHYSICS. 
 COURSE n. 
 
 I. 
 
 1. Define the terms Force, Weight, Mass. 
 
 2. If two forces acting perpendicularly on a straight lever 
 in opposite directions and on the same side of the fulcrum 
 balance each other, they are inversely as their distances 
 from the fulcrum ; and the pressure on the fulcrum is equal 
 to the difference of the forces. 
 
 3. The pressure upon any particle of a fluid of uniform 
 density is proportional to its depth below the surface of 
 the fluid. 
 
 4. In 50 cubic yards of rock, whose average specific grav- 
 ity is 142, there enter 32 cubic yards of a substance whose 
 specific gravity is 124. Find the specific gravity of the 
 remainder of the rock. 
 
 5. How would you graduate a hydrometer for ascertain- 
 ing the strength of alcohol. 
 
 6. How do you change from Fahrenheit to Centigrade ? 
 
 II. 
 
 1. How does the weight of a body differ from the mass ? 
 How are forces represented ? If it be stated that two 
 forces of 5 lbs. and 10 lbs. act upon a body, what more is 
 wanting to enable us to determine the result ? 
 
 2. Prove the proposition, " If two forces, acting at any 
 angles on the arm of any lever, balance each other, they are 
 
 
PHYSICS. 189 
 
 inversely as the perpendiculars drawn from the fulcrum 
 to the directions in which the forces act." 
 
 3. The direction of two forces, P and Q, which act on a 
 bent lever and keep it at rest, make equal angles with the 
 arms of the lever, which are at 6 and 8 inches respectively. 
 Find the ratio of Q to P. 
 
 4. Find the centre of gravity of a triangle. One half of 
 a given triangle is cut off by a straight line parallel to the 
 base : find the centre of gravity of the remaining trapezium. 
 
 5. Prove the proposition, " When a body of uniform den- 
 sity floats on a fluid, the part immersed : the whole body : : 
 the specific gravity of the body : the specific gravity of the 
 fluid." 
 
 6. If the difference of readings of a thermometer, which 
 is graduated both according to Fahrenheit's and the Centi- 
 grade scale, be 40, find the temperature in each scale. 
 
190 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 MECHANICS. 
 course n. 
 I. 
 
 1. Prove the law of the parallelogram of forces. 
 
 2. Find the centre of gravity of any number of heavy 
 points. 
 
 3. Deduce the law of the equilibrium of movable pul- 
 leys, taking the weight of the pulleys into account. 
 
 4. Find the relation of P's velocity to that of W on an 
 inclined plane. 
 
 5. Prove the equality of fluid pressures. Explain the 
 Hydrostatic Paradox. 
 
 6. If the volume of the receiver of a condensing pump is* 
 five times that of the barrel, find the pressure on the valve 
 after ten strokes. 
 
 II. 
 
 1. Define Force ; Weight ; Mass ; and Density. How are 
 forces represented ? 
 
 2. Give the axioms of the lever. Assuming the proper- 
 ties of the straight lever, prove the laws of the bent lever. 
 
 3. Can the resultant of two forces, in any case, be equal 
 to one of the components ? If so, what are the conditions ? 
 
 4 A string passing round a smooth peg is pulled at each 
 end by a force equal to the strain upon the peg. Find the 
 angle between the two parts of the string. 
 
MECHANICS. ' 101 
 
 5. Deduce the laws of the inclined plane, both when the 
 body on the plane is at rest, and when it is in motion. 
 
 6. Prove that when a body of uniform density floats on a 
 fluid, the part immersed : the whole body : : the specific grav- 
 ity of the body : the specific gravity of the fluid. 
 
 7. Prove that the elastic force of air at a given tem- 
 perature varies as the density. A barometer is sunk to 
 the depth of twenty feet in a lake, find the consequent 
 rise in the mercurial column. (Specific gravity of mer- 
 cury = 13.57.) 
 
 III. 
 
 1. Describe the different kinds of levers, giving exam- 
 ples of each kind. 
 
 2. Enunciate the Parcdlelogram of Forces. Assuming it 
 to be true for the direction of the resultant, prove it for the 
 magnitude of the resultant. 
 
 3. A string passing around a smooth peg is pulled at 
 each end by a force equal to the strain on the peg. Find 
 the angle between the two parts of the string. 
 
 4. On the inclined 'plane when the power acts parallel 
 to the plane, prove that the power : the weight : : height of 
 the plane : length of the plane. 
 
 5. In the leaning tower of Pisa the top overhangs the 
 base by 12 feet ; why does it not fall ? 
 
 6. Prove that when a body of uniform density floats on 
 a fluid, the part immersed : the whole body : : the specific 
 gravity of the body : the specific gravity of the fluid. 
 
 7. A piece of iron weighs 12 pounds in water; and 
 when a piece of wood which weighs 5 pounds is attached 
 to it, the two together weigh 9 pounds in water. Find the 
 specific gravity of the wood. 
 
192 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 8. Explain why a balloon rises, and why the higheT it 
 gets the slower it rises. Why does it ever cease to rise ? 
 
 9. Describe the construction of the common suction 
 pump and its operation. (Draw a diagram of the pump.) 
 
 10. A piece of wood floats in a cup of water under the 
 receiver of an air-pump. Will it sink deeper or rise higher 
 when the air is exhausted ? Why ? 
 
 IV. 
 
 1. If two weights, P and Q, acting perpendicularly on a 
 straight Lever on opposite sides of the fulcrum balance 
 each other, determine the position of the fulcrum and the 
 pressure on it. 
 
 The scale-pans of a Balance are of unequal weight, and 
 its arms consequently also of unequal length ; find the true 
 weight of any substance from its apparent weights, when 
 placed in the two scale-pans respectively. 
 
 2. If two forces, acting at any angles on the arms of 
 any Lever, balance each other, they are inversely as the 
 perpendiculars drawn from the fulcrum to the directions in 
 which the forces act. 
 
 3. If three forces, represented in direction and magni- 
 tude by the sides of a triangle taken in order, act on a 
 point, they will produce equilibrium. 
 
 Two forces whose magnitudes are \JS X P and P, respect- 
 ively, act at a point in directions at right angles to each 
 other ; find the magnitude and direction of the force which 
 will balance them. 
 
 4. In that system of Pulleys, in which the same string 
 passes round any number of pulleys, and the parts of it 
 
MECHANICS. 193 
 
 between the pulleys are parallel, there is equilibrium (neg- 
 lecting the weights of the pulleys) when P : W : : 1 : the 
 number of strings (n) at the lower block. 
 
 5. Prove that when a body is suspended from a point, it 
 will rest with its Centre of Gravity in the vertical line pass- 
 ing through the point of suspension. Hence show how 
 the Centre of Gravity of any plane figure of irregular out- 
 line may practically be determined. 
 
 6. Describe an experimental proof, that, if the pressure 
 at any point of a fluid be increased, the pressure at all 
 other points will be equally increased. By what short 
 form of words is this property of fluid pressure sometimes 
 described ? 
 
 In the common Hydraulic Press, are the fluid pressures 
 and tendency to break uniform throughout the cylinders ? 
 
 7. Prove that if a body floats in a fluid, it displaces as 
 much of the fluid as is equal in weight to the weight of the 
 body ; and it presses downwards, and is pressed upwards, 
 with a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. 
 
 A uniform cylinder, when floating vertically in water, 
 sinks to a depth of 4 inches ; to what depth will it sink in 
 alcohol of specific gravity 0.79 ? 
 
 8. Describe the construction of the Condenser, and the 
 mode of its operation. 
 
 A cylinder, filled with atmospheric air, and closed by an 
 air-tight piston, is sunk to the depth of 500 fathoms in the 
 sea; required the compression of the air (assume specific 
 gravity of sea water to be 1.027, specific gravity of mer- 
 cury 13.57, and height of Barometer 30 inches). 
 

 
EXAMINATION PAPERS 
 
 OF JUNE, 1874. 
 
 ANCIENT HISTOEY AND GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 [Take the first three, and one other ; four in all.] 
 
 1. Name in the order of time the successive conquests made 
 by the Romans, and note distinctly the position of each con- 
 quered state or district. 
 
 2. By a map or by words represent or describe Sicily. Point 
 out its place in Grecian and in Roman history. 
 
 3. Name eight places that were noted in ancient times : four 
 Greek, and four Roman. Give their situation, and show their 
 importance in history. 
 
 4. What objects would a Roman be sure to point out to a 
 stranger visiting Rome in the time of Augustus 1 Describe some 
 of them. Show, by a rough plan, their position relatively to 
 each other, and connect them with events in Roman history. 
 
 5. The legislation of Solon. 
 
 6. The Gracchi and the Agrarian Laws. State precisely the 
 character of these laws. 
 
196 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 MODEKN AND PHYSICAL GEOGKAPHY. 
 
 1. Upon what principle is Mercator's map constructed 1 How 
 do the parallels and meridians appear upon it ? What distortion 
 is produced in the forms of the countries ] 
 
 2. Draw an outline map of Africa and put upon it, in their 
 proper positions, the equator, and the meridian of Greenwich. 
 Give also the names of the bodies of water surrounding the 
 continent, and the positions of important islands near the 
 coast. 
 
 3. What is shown by a profile of a country 1 Draw a profile 
 of South America, from the mouth of the Amazon to the Pacific 
 Ocean. 
 
 4. Describe the southern coast of Europe, giving the names 
 of countries, bodies of water, important islands, principal sea- 
 ports, and largest rivers. 
 
 5. What time is it at Madras when it is eight o'clock in the 
 morning at Boston 1 Longitude of Madras, 80° E. ; of Boston, 
 71° W. 
 
 6. Where is the Great Bear Lake 1 Why was it so named 1 
 What other large lakes are near it 1 Which continent has the 
 smallest number of lakes 1 Where are the principal salt lakes, 
 and why are they salt ] 
 
 7. WTiere does the Colorado River rise and empty"? What 
 are the most striking physical features of the country through 
 which it flows % 
 
 Answer the same questions for each of the following rivers : — 
 Columbia ; Niagara ; Hudson ; Seine ; Ganges. 
 
 8. What cities of Europe are in nearly the same latitude as 
 New York 1 
 
 9. Describe two water routes between Marseilles and Hong 
 Kong. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 197 
 
 GEEEK COMPOSITION. 
 
 Translate into Greek : — 
 
 When these ten thousand Greeks had come in their march to 
 the great river Euphrates, they found a barbarian soldier who 
 told them that the great king with all his army was only two 
 stages (day's march) distant, and that if they should go forward 
 during all that night and the following (imevai) day, they would 
 see the king's forces before the time for supper came. When 
 the generals heard this, they determined (it seemed good to 
 them) not to remain where they were, but to cross (6\a/3mW) 
 the river and send Xenophon with a hundred hoplites so that 
 they might know whether the man had spoken the truth. 
 
 GEEEK PEOSE. 
 
 4®=* Read the following notice before doing- any of the paper: — 
 [Those offering Greek Reader, take 2, 4, 5. Those offering Anabasis, four 
 books, and 7th book of Herodotus, take 1, 2, 5. Those offering the whole of 
 Anabasis, take 1, 2, 3.] 
 
 1. (Anab. II. V. 10, and part of 11.) el 8e ty Kai pavevres o-e 
 KaraKreivaipev, aAAo n av r) rbv evepyerrjv KaraKrelvavres rrpbs jSao-tAea 
 rbv pkyivrov e(pe8pov dyavi^olpeOa ; ocrcov de Sr) Kai oicau av i\nl8(ov 
 epavrbv arepfja-aipi, el ere ri kokov eirixeipr)(raipi rroielv, ravra Ae£a>. 
 iya> yap Kvpov eireOvp-qad pot (plXov yeveaOai, vopifav r£>v rore iKavatra- 
 rov etvai ev iroulv ov fiovXoiro. From what and where is pavevres 1 
 
 2. (Anab. IV. I. 23, 24.) Kcu ev6i>s dyayovres rovs dvOpJynovs 
 fj'htyxov SiaXafiovres et nva eldelev aXXrjv 68bv r) rr)v (pavepdv. 6 pev 
 ovv erepos ovk ecprj, pdXa iroWcov (pofiodv irpoa-ayopevaiv • eVet 8e ovdev 
 G>(pe\ipov eXeyev, opcovros rov erepov Kareacpdyrj. 6 8e \oinb? e\e£ev 
 on ovtos pev ov (pair) 8ia ravra elbevai, on avrco ervy\ave Ovydrrjp e<ei 
 
198 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 irap dvBpl eKBeBopevr)' avros 5' e(j)rj riyr)o*eo-0ai Bvvarfjv Kal vno^vyiois 
 7ropei/e<r0cu 6B6v. Explain mood of elBelev. 
 
 3. (Anab. VI. IV. 20, 21.) Kal ndXiv rfj varepala edvero, kcu 
 <rxe86v ti iraaa f) crrparia Bid to peXetv atracnv ckvkKovvto nepl ra iepd- 
 to. Be Ovpara eTreXeXolnei. oi Be CTpaTTjyol etjrjyov pev ov, avveKaXeaav 
 Be. eirev ovv Eevo<pcoi>, "icras oi noXepiot avveiheypevoi eicrl Kal dvdyKrj 
 pd^ecrdai' el ovv KaTaXtirovTes ra aKevrj ev rw epvpva X^P 1 '*? <*s els pd\i]v 
 frapeo-Kevaapevot loipev, 'lam av ra Upa 7rpox(opoii] rjplv. 
 
 4. (Phaedo, p. 109 of Reader, s. 24.) Kal 6 Kpnw dxcwas 
 evevae t<5 naiBl itXtjo-iov earaiTt, Kal 6 na7s e£eXdav, Kal avxvov xpdvov 
 BiaTpiyjras, r}Kev ayav tov peXXovra BiBovat to (pdppaKOv, ev ki/Xikl <f)epov- 
 Ta Terpippevov • IBav Be 6 Soxpar^s tov avOpatirov, "Eiev, e<fir), a> /3e'XrtoTf, 
 o~v yap tovt<ov i7no-TT)p<ov ti \PV ir°i*w ; OvBev SXXo, e<f>r), rj Tnovra 
 7repuevai, ea>s av gov fiapos iv tols o~KeXeo-t yevrjTai, eireiTa KaTaKelaOaf 
 Kal ovtq)S avTo iroirjo-ct. Kal apa a>pe£e tt)V Ki/XiKa t<o IcoKpdret. From 
 what and where is movra 1 
 
 5. (Herod. VII. 234; Reader, p. 155, § 57.) Oi pev ^ nepl 
 
 Qeppo7rvXas "EXXrjves ovtq> Tjycovio-avTO • Ee'p^rjs Be KaXeaas ArjpdprjTop 
 elpa>Ta dp£dpevos evBevBe. ArjpdprjTe, dvfjp els ayaBos. TeKpaipopai Be 
 tji dXijOeir] • oo~a yap eiTras, anavra aTrefir] ovtoh. vvv Be pot ei7T€, koctoi 
 Tives elai oi Xoiwol AaKeBaipovtoi, Kal tovtcov okogoi toiovtoi to, iroXepia, 
 eire Kal airavres. 6 5' elnc *G (Sao-iXev, irXrjOos pev AaKeBaipoviav iro\- 
 Xov, Kal noXies TroXXai* to Be eOeXeis eKpadelv, elBfjaeis. 
 
 
 GREEK POETRY. 
 
 1. Ta> y fbs fiovXevo-avre Bierpayev • fj pev eneira 
 
 Ety aXa aXro fiaSelav an alyXfjevros 'OXvpnov, 
 Zetr Be eov npbs Ba>pa. 6eol B* apa irdvres dveorav 
 'E^ eBeav, o-<j)ov naTpbs evavriov • ovBe tis erXr} 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 199 
 
 Mslvai ejrepx6fji€POP, aXK* avrloi tcrrav affaires. 
 "Qs 6 fiev evOa Ka6k&T iiri Bpovov • ov8« fiiu "Hprj 
 'Hyvoirjo-ev idovrx on ol avfKppda-aaTo fiovXds 
 'ApyupoVe^a Qeris, Bvydrrjp aktoto yepovros. 
 
 Iliad, I. 531-539. 
 
 Where is bUrfxayev found ? Attic for o-<pov, ta-rav. 
 
 2. Aevrepov avT 'OSucnJa Idav epeeiv 6 yepatos' 
 
 " EiV aye fxoi <a\ rovbe, (plXov tckos, os tis o5' iarlv 
 Meiatv peu K€(pa\rj ' Ayafie jjlvovos 'Arpei'Sao, 
 Evpvrepos 8' gj/xoktii' iSe orepvoto-iv IdeaOai. 
 Tfv^ea uev ol iceiTai £nl x^ovl novkv^oreiprj, 
 Avtos Se KTtkos a>s €7rnra)KeiTai arixas dvbpav. 
 *Apveia fxiv eyaye ito~Ka> 7rr)yearip,dXXG>, 
 "Os t oicou p.eya -irav biepxerai apytvvawvP 
 
 Iliad, III. 191-198. 
 
 Divide two first verses into feet. 
 
 GEEEK GEAMMAR 
 
 [All Greek words must be written with their accents.] 
 
 1.* Decline 770X17775, avQpcoiros, and d\r)&fjs in the singular ; 6fjs, 
 dvrjp, and Xvcav in the plural. 
 
 2. Decline vaiis, ueimv, a-v, Ss, and m (interrogative) through- 
 out. 
 
 3.* Compare o~o(p6s, cpikos, peyas, and pdStos. 
 
 4. Inflect the present optative and imperfect indicative of 
 6pda> ; the imperfect of deUvv/ii ; and the present indicative of 
 elfil and ei/zt, with the meaning of each. 
 
 5.* Give the principal parts of rvyxdva, Ov^aKa, dpda, \tfaa 9 
 and trjfit. 
 
200 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 6. Translate olBa tovtov ypacpovTa and olba tovto ypd(f)€iv. Trans- 
 late 6 avrbs a7roT€fiv€TaL tt\v K€(pakr)u, and explain the accusative. 
 
 7. Translate oUos 6° avTos, el (pdoyyrjv Xa/3oi, cracpeoraT av \egetev, 
 and explain the optatives. 
 
 8. Explain the subjunctive in e<po@ovp.r)v /xt) tovto yewjTai. 
 Could it be changed to the optative ? 
 
 9. Explain the optative in elnev on ypdcpoi. Could you have 
 any other mood than the optative in this case 1 
 
 10. What is an iambus 1 ? a spondee ? an anapaest? What is 
 a dactylic hexameter, and what substitutions are allowed in it? 
 
 * Candidates for ADVANCED STANDING will omit 1, 3, and 5, and 
 answer the following questions . 
 
 11. Translate rt ii' ovk eKTeivas evOvs Iva p.fjnoT€ eldov to (pas, and 
 explain tva eldov. 
 
 12. Translate d avrovs Uoiev av e(pvyov. What is the construc- 
 tion of Xdoiev 1 of av ? 
 
 13. How would you express in Greek : Would that Cyrus were 
 alive ! He said that he would do it, He said that he would have 
 done it, He said that he did it ? 
 
 14. What is an iambic trimeter of tragedy, and what substi- 
 tutions are allowed in it? 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 201 
 
 LATIN COMPOSITION. 
 
 AST Candidates for the Freshman Class are required to translate the whole of I. 
 and in II. only to 2, "He said." Candidates for Advanced Standing will 
 translate the whole of I. and II. 
 
 I. 
 
 Translate into English : — 
 
 Restat ut doceam omnia, quae sint in hoc mundo, quibus 
 utantur homines, hominum causa facta esse et parata. Prin- 
 cipio ipse mundus deorum hominumque causa factus est, quae- 
 que in eo sunt, ea parata ad fructum hominum et inventa sunt. 
 Est enim mundus quasi communis deorum atque hominum 
 domus aut urbs utrorumque. Ut igitur Athenas et Lacedae- 
 monem Atheniensium Lacedaemoniorumque causa putandum 
 est conditas esse, omniaque, quae sint in his urbibus, eorum 
 populorum recte esse dicuntur, sic quaecumque sunt in omni 
 mundo deorum atque hominum putanda sunt. 
 
 II. 
 
 Translate into Latin : — 
 
 1. It was the custom x in old times for senators at Rome to 
 enter 2 the senate-house 3 attended-by 4 their young 5 sons. The 
 mother of Papirius asked 6 her son what-in-the-world 7 the fa- 
 thers had been doing 8 in the senate. The boy answered that 
 it must be-kept-secret. 9 The woman gets 10 more eager 11 to 
 hear. Then the boy resorts-to 12 an ingenious 13 lie. 14 
 
 1 mos. 2 introire. 3 curia. 4 cum. 5 praetextatus. 6 pereontari. 7 quis- 
 nam. 8 agere. 9 tacere. 10 fieri. n cupidus. ^ consilium capere (with the 
 genitive). *3 festivus. 14 mendacium. 
 
 2. He said that the-discussion-had-been 1 whether it was 
 
 more expedient 2 for one man to have two wives or for one 
 
 woman to have two husbands. 8 The-next-day 4 the matrons 
 
 beg 5 the senate that one woman might rather 6 be-married-to 7 
 
 two men than that two women might have one husband. 
 
 1 agere (passive). 2 utilis. 8 maritus. 4 postridie. 5 obsecrare. 6 potius. 
 T nubere. 
 
 9* 
 
202 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 LATIN GRAMMAR 
 
 Mark the quantity of the penults and last syllables of the 
 following words : custodis, arbores, frigora, gladiolus, in/amis 
 (nom.), victricis (ace. plur.), inopis, petitur, perivit, periit, peritus, 
 ambitus, apices. 
 
 Decline decus, locus, specus, celeber, quivis ; compare inferus, 
 humilis. Form and compare loquax, sanctus. 
 
 Form derivatives with the terminations -tas, -tor, -ensis, -olus, 
 -sco, and give their meaning. 
 
 Give the principal parts of sumo, sentio, libet, pateo, potior, 
 spondeo, adjuvo, tollo, disco, vereor, facio with con, eo and do 
 with re. 
 
 Give a synopsis of the Subjunctive Active and Passive (first 
 Person) of two of these verbs not of the same conjugation. Give 
 a complete synopsis of one other. Inflect the Imperative of 
 patior. Give all the Participles and Infinitives of sentio. 
 
 Explain the formation of the presents gigno and frango, of 
 the perfects didici and dixi, and of the participle natus. 
 
 What case or cases (separately or together) follow persuadeo, 
 moneo, obliviscor, solvo, vereor, pro?, sub ? 
 
 Translate into Latin, with gerundive (participle in -dus), 
 The city must be spared, I must go. 
 
 What construction is used in clauses (or verbs) after timeo, 
 gaudeo, dico, audeo ? 
 
 How are future conditions expressed in Latin 1 Express in 
 Latin, in as many ways as you can, "Antony came to bury 
 (sepelio) Caesar." 
 
 What difference in meaning between utinam sim and utinam 
 essem ? 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 203 
 
 LATIK — Course I. 
 CESAR AND SALLUST. 
 
 Translate two passages, — thejirst and one other. 
 
 I. Quo prcelio bellum Venetorum totiusque orae maritimae 
 confectum est. Nam quum omnis juventus, omnes etiam gravio- 
 ris aetatis, in quibus aliquid consilii aut dignitatis fuit, eo con- 
 venerant, turn navium quod ubique fuerat in unum locum co- 
 egerant ; quibus amissis reliqui neque quo se reciperent neque 
 quemadmodum oppida defenderent habebant. Itaque se suaque 
 omnia Caesari dediderunt. In quos eo gravius Caesar vindican- 
 dum statuit, quo diligentius in reliquum tempus a barbaris jus 
 legatorum eonservaretur. Itaque omni senatu necato reliquos 
 sub corona vendidit. — C^sar, B. G. III. 
 
 II. His rebus permotus Q. Titurius, quum procul Ambiorigem 
 suos cohortantem conspexisset, interpretem suum Cn. Pompeium 
 ad eum mittit rogatum ut sibi militibusque parcat. Ille appella- 
 tus respondit : Si velit secum colloqui, licere ; sperare a multi- 
 tudine impetrari posse quod ad militum salutem pertineat ; ipsi 
 vero nihil nocitum iri, inque earn rem se suam fidem interponere. 
 Ille cum Cotta saucio communicat, si videatur, pugna ut exce- 
 dant et cum Ambiorige una colloquantur ; sperare ab eo de sua 
 ac militum salute impetrare posse. Cotta se ad armatum hostem 
 iturum negat atque in eo constitit. — C^sar, B. G. V. 
 
 III. Atheniensium res gestae, sicut ego aestumo, satis amplae 
 magnificaeque fuere, verum aliquanto minores tamen quam fama 
 feruntur. Sed quia provenere ibi scriptorum magna ingenia, 
 per terrarum orbem Atheniensium facta pro maxumis celebran- 
 tur. Ita eorum qui ea fecere virtus tanta habetur, quantum ea 
 verbis potuere extollere praeclara ingenia. At populo Romano 
 numquam ea copia fuit, quia prudentissumus quisque maxume 
 negotiosus erat ; ingenium nemo sine corpore exercebat : optu- 
 mus quisque facere quam dicere, sua ab aliis bene facta laudari 
 quam ipse aliorum narrare malebat. — Sallust, Cat. viii. 
 
 IV. Patres conscripti. Micipsa pater meus moriens mihi 
 
204 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 preecepit, uti regni Numidiae tantummodo procurationem existu- 
 marem meam, ceterum jus et imperium ejus penes vos esse; 
 simul eniterer domi militiaeque quam maxumo usui esse populo 
 Romano, vos niihi cognatorum, vos affinium loco ducerem ; si ea 
 fecissem, in vostra amicitia exercitum, divitias, munimenta regni 
 me habiturum. Quae quum praecepta parentis mei agitarem, 
 Jugurtha, homo omnium quos terra sustinet sceleratissumus, 
 contempto imperio vostro, Masinissae me nepotem et jam ab 
 stirpe socium atque amicum populi Romani regno fortunisque 
 omnibus expulit. — Sallust, Jug. xiv. 
 
 OVID. 
 
 Translate any one of the following passages : — 
 V. Inde loco medius rerum novitate paventem 
 Sol oculis juvenem, quibus adspicit omnia, vidit, 
 1 Quaeque vise tibi causa 1 Quid hac,' ait, ' arce petisti, 
 Progenies, Phaethon, haud infitianda parenti ] ' 
 Ille refert : ' lux immensi publica mundi, 
 Phoebe pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum, 
 Pignora da, genitor, per quae tua vera propago 
 Credar, et hunc animis errorem detrahe nostris.' 
 Dixerat. At genitor circum caput omne micantes 
 Deposuit radios, propiusque accedere jussit, 
 Amplexuque dato, ' Nee tu meus esse negari 
 Dignus es, et Clymene veros,' ait, 'edidit ortus.' — Mett. II. 
 
 VI. Psittacus, Eois imitatrix ales ab Indis, 
 
 Occidit : exsequias ite frequenter aves. 
 Ite, pise volucres ; et plangite pectora pennis y 
 
 Et rigido teneras ungue notate genas. 
 Horrida pro maestis lanietur pluma capillis : 
 
 Pro longa resonent carmina vestra tuba. 
 Quid scelus Ismarii quereris, Philomela, tyrannil 
 
 Expleta est annis ista querela suis. 
 Alitis in rarae miserum devertite funus. 
 
 Magna, sed antiqui causi doloris Itys. 
 Omnes quae liquido libratis in aere cursus ; 
 
 Tu tamen ante alias, turtur amice, dole. — Am. II. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 205 
 
 VII. Sin autem ad pugnam exierint — nam ssepe duobus 
 Regibus incessit magno discordia motu, 
 Continuoque animos volgi et trepidantia bello 
 Corda licet longe prsesciscere ; namque morantis 
 Martius ille seris rauci canor increpat, et vox 
 Auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum ; 
 Turn trepidse inter se co3unt, pennisque coruscant, 
 Spiculaque exacuunt rostris, aptantque lacertos, 
 Et circa regem atque ipsa ad prsetoria densse 
 Miscentur, magnisque vocant clamoribus hostem. 
 
 Vikg. Georg. IV. 
 
 VIII. Ipse, caput nivei fultum Pallantis et ora 
 Ut vidit levique patens in pectore volnus 
 Cuspidis Ausonise, lacrimis ita fatur obortis : 
 Tene, inquit, miserande puer, cum laeta veniret, 
 Invidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna videres 
 Nostra, neque ad sedes victor veherere paternas 1 
 Non hsec Euandro de te promissa parenti 
 Discedens dederam, cum me complexus euntem 
 Mitteret in magnum imperium, metuensque moneret 
 Acris esse viros, cum dura prcelia gente. — Virg. Mn. XL 
 
 LATIK — Course I. 
 
 CICERO. 
 
 Translate two passages. [If you have read the Cato Major, translate I. 
 and either III. or IV. ; if not, translate II. and either III. or IV. Answer 
 all the questions.] 
 
 I. An ne eas quidem vires senectuti relinquemus ut adolescen- 
 tulos doceat, instituat, ad omne officii munus instruat? Quo 
 quidem opere quid potest esse prseclarius 1 Mihi vero Cn. et P. 
 Scipiones et avi tui duo, L. iEmilius et P. Africanus, comitatu 
 nobilium juvenum fortunati videbantur; nee ulli bonarum artium 
 magistri non beati putandi, quamvis consenuerint vires atque 
 defecerint. — De Senectute, ix. 29. 
 
206 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 II. Quid autem aliud egimus, Tubero, nisi ut quod hie potest 
 nos possemus 1 Quorum igitur impunitas, Caesar, tuae clemen- 
 tiae laus est, eorum ipsorum ad crudelitatem te acuit oratio. 
 Atque in hac causa non nihil equidem, Tubero, etiam tuam, sed 
 multo magis patris tui prudentiam desidero, quod homo cum 
 ingenio turn etiam doctrina excellens genus hoc causae quod 
 esset non viderit; nam si vidisset, quovis profecto quam isto 
 modo a te agi maluisset. — Pro Ligario, iv. 
 
 III. Tertium genus est aetate jam affectum, sed tamen exer- 
 citatione robustum, quo ex genere iste est Manlius, cui nunc 
 Catilina succedit : sunt homines ex eis coloniis, quas Sulla con- 
 stituit ; quas ego universas civium esse optimorum et fortissi- 
 morum virorum sentio, sed tamen ii sunt coloni, qui se in 
 insperatis ac repentinis pecuniis sumptuosius insolentiusque 
 jactarunt. Hi dum aedificant tamquam beati, dum praediis lectis, 
 familiis magnis, conviviis apparatis delectantur, in tantum aes 
 alienum inciderunt, ut, si salvi esse velint, Sulla sit eis ab inferis 
 excitandus. — In Catilinam, II. ix. 
 
 IV. Quare quis tandem me reprehendat aut quis mihi jure 
 succenseat, si, quantum ceteris ad suas res obeundas, quantum 
 ad festos dies ludorum celebrandos, quantum ad alias voluptates 
 et ad ipsam requiem animi et corporis conceditur temporum, quan- 
 tum alii tribuunt tempestivis conviviis, quantum denique alveolo, 
 quantum pilae, tantum mihi egomet ad haec studia recolenda 
 sumpsero 1 Atque hoc ideo mihi concedendum est magis, quod 
 ex his stud iis haec quoque crescit oratio et facultas, quae quan- 
 tacumque in me est, numquam amicorum periculis defuit. — 
 Pro Archia, vi. 
 
 1. What offices did the Romans generally go through before 
 their consulship % 
 
 2. What is the difference between ne and ut non followed by 
 the Subjunctive? 
 
 3. What was the fate of Catiline's fellow-conspirators, and 
 what complaint was made of it % 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 207 
 
 VIRGIL. 
 
 Translate two passages, — /. and either II. or III. Answer all the questions. 
 
 I. Pauca tameu suberunt priscse vestigia fraudis, 
 Quae temptare Thetim ratibus, qua3 cingere muris 
 Oppida, quse iubeant telluri infindere sulcos. 
 Alter erit turn Tiphys, et altera qu.se vehat Argo 
 Delectos heroas ; erunt etiam altera bella, 
 
 Atque iterum ad Troiam magnus mittetur Achilles. 
 Hiiic, ubi iam firmata virum te fecerit 83tas, 
 Cedet et ipse mari vector, nee nautica pinus 
 Mutabit merces : omnis feret omnia tellus. — Ecl. IV. 
 
 II. Postera iamque dies primo surgebat Eoo, 
 Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram : 
 Cum subito e silvis, macie confecta suprema, 
 Ignoti nova forma viri miserandaque cultu 
 Procedit supplexque manus ad litora tendit. 
 Respicimus. Dira inluvies inmissaque barba, 
 Consertum tegumen spinis ; at cetera Graius, 
 
 Et quondam patriis ad Troiam missus in armis. — Mvt. III. 
 
 III. Primus equum phaleris insignem victor habeto, 
 Alter Amazoniam pharetram plenamque sagittis 
 Threiciis, lato quam circumplectitur auro 
 Balteus, et tereti subnectit fibula gemma ; 
 Tertius Argolica hac galea contentus abito. 
 Hsec ubi dicta, locum capiunt, signoque repente 
 Corripiunt spatia audito, limenque relinquunt, 
 Effusi nimbo similes, simul ultima signant. — tEn. V. 
 
 1. Give a brief summary of the events in ^Eneid IV. 
 
 2. Divide into feet, marking quantities and ictus (or verse 
 accent), the fifth line in I. 
 
 3. How does the metre help to determine the meaning of the 
 fifth line in II. 1 
 
208 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 AKITHMETIC AND LOGAEITHMS. 
 
 [Give the work in full, and arrange it in an orderly manner. Reduce each 
 answer to its simplest form. ] 
 
 LOGARITHMS. 
 
 1. Find, by logarithms, the value of 7 . 
 
 /(134 9) 2 X ^"l6\ a 
 
 2. Find, by logarithms, the value of ( ^ 10000 x ^ 49 J- 
 
 3. Give a proof of the process of finding any root of a quan- 
 tity by logarithms. If the characteristic of the logarithm of 
 the given quantity is negative, how is the characteristic of the 
 logarithm of the root obtained 1 
 
 ARITHMETIC. 
 
 5. A carriage, at the rate of 8-| miles an hour, completes £ of 
 a certain distance in 3^ days ; in how many days will it com- 
 plete f of the same distance, going at the rate of 10 miles an 
 hour 1 
 
 6. A merchant buys 2§ hectometres of silk for $480, and 
 sells the silk at $ 1.95 a yard. Does he gain or lose, and how 
 much 1 ? 
 
 7. Find the cube root of 0.083453453. 
 
 8. Thirty-six persons buy 2766 A. 3 R. 12 P. of land on 
 equal shares. What does one man receive, who sells § of his 
 share at Is. 9 d. 2 /. per square rod 1 [Give the answer in 
 pounds and decimals of a pound.] 
 
 9. What is gold quoted at, when one dollar in currency is 
 worth only seventy-five cents? 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 209 
 
 ALGEBKA. — Course I. 
 
 [Give the whole work clearly, and reduce each answer to its simplest form.] 
 
 1. Divide 
 
 a ~ b ' c J \a~ b~ c) 
 
 2. A can do a piece of work in half the time in which B can 
 do it, B can do it in two thirds the time in which C can do 
 it, and all three, working together, can do it in 6 days. Find 
 the time in which each can do it alone. 
 
 3. Find the two middle terms in the expansion of (a — xf. 
 What is the reason that one of these terms is negative, and the 
 other is positive % 
 
 4. Find the fourth root of ^ a 2 c 2 . [Fractional exponents may 
 be used if desired.] 
 
 5. One number is -^°- of another, and the product of these 
 two numbers is 750. What are the numbers 1 
 
 6. Solve the equations ax -f- by = c, 
 
 mx — ny = d. 
 
 7. I bought a certain number of oxen for £80. Had I 
 bought four more with the same money, each ox would have 
 cost £ 1 less. How many did I buy, and what did I pay for 
 eacM 
 
 8. Find the square root of 
 
 a *m + 6a 8 ™ c" + 11a 2 " 1 c 2 " + 6a m c 8n + c 4 ". 
 
210 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 ALGrEBKA. — Course II and Advanced Standing. 
 
 [Give the whole work clearly, and reduce each answer to its simplest form.] 
 
 1. Simplify 
 
 •+i _ 2 +^d 
 
 ■=I_,+LhI 
 
 2. A man rides a certain distance at the rate of 8 miles an 
 hour, and walks back to his starting-point at the rate of 4 miles 
 an hour. The time employed in going and returning is 6 hours. 
 How far does he walk 1 
 
 3. Divide^ by c^-t. 
 
 d* J 
 
 4. Solve the equation x* + 2ax = b. What will the roots 
 be if a = 2, b = —±1 If a = 4, b = — 201 
 
 5. What is the 4th term of (a — xf + 1 1 
 
 6. The greater of two numbers is a 2 times the less; the 
 product of these two numbers is b 2 . Find the numbers. 
 
 7. There are 3 numbers in arithmetical progression : the 
 sum of these numbers is 18, and the sum of their squares is 
 158. Find the numbers. 
 
 8. I have 4 single books and a set of 3 books. In how 
 many ways can I arrange these 7 books on a shelf, provided 
 the books which make the set cannot be separated? 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 211 
 
 PLANE GEOMETBY. — Gwurses I. and II 
 
 1. In a triangle ABC the angle A is greater than the angle 
 B, and B is greater than C; what is true of the sides 1 State 
 and prove. 
 
 State and prove the converse. 
 
 2. Prove that two triangles are equal if the sides of one are 
 respectively equal to the sides of the other. 
 
 3. Prove that when two circumferences touch each other the 
 point of contact and the centres lie in one straight line. 
 
 4. Draw two circles touching each other, and through the 
 point of contact draw a straight line forming a chord in each 
 circle : prove that these chords are proportional to the diameters 
 of the circles. 
 
 5. To draw the circumference of a circle through three given 
 points. Solve and prove. When would the problem be impos- 
 sible 1 Why? 
 
 Given any curve, to ascertain whether it is the arc of a circle 
 or not. 
 
 6. Prove that the perimeters of regular polygons of the same 
 number of sides are proportional to the diameters of their in- 
 scribed or circumscribed circles. Go on to prove that the ratio 
 of the circumference to the diameter is the same in all circles. 
 
 7. Draw, in your book, a regular hexagon of which each side 
 shall be of this length - - 
 
 Explain how you do it. Now draw another having half the 
 area of the first. Solve and prove. 
 
 
212 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 SOLID GEOMETKY. — Course II. 
 
 1. Prove that the intersections of two parallel planes with a 
 third plane are parallel planes. 
 
 2. Prove that the sum of the line angles that compose a solid 
 angle is less than four right angles. 
 
 3. What is the frustum of a pyramid 1 Show how to find 
 the convex surface of a regular pyramid. Prove that the sur- 
 face of a right circular cone is equal to the product of the slant 
 height multiplied by the circumference of a section drawn mid- 
 way between the bases. 
 
 4. Given the radius of a sphere : write a formula for its sur- 
 face and one for its volume. 
 
 5. What is the segment of a sphere 1 Explain how to find 
 the volume of a segment of a sphere having two bases, one each 
 side of the centre. 
 
 6. Given a spherical triangle, to draw its polar triangle. What 
 relations exist between the sides and angles of a spherical tri- 
 angle and those of its polar triangle *? State and prove. 
 
 7. Given a spherical triangle, to draw another symmetrical 
 with it on the same sphere. Prove that two symmetrical trian- 
 gles on the same sphere have the same area. 
 
 8. What is a regular polyhedron 1 How many are there] 
 Give their names, and a brief description of each. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 213 
 
 ANALYTIC GEOMETEY. 
 
 Course II. and Advanced Standing. 
 
 [Ask for a Table of Natural Cosines.] 
 
 1. To find the equation of a straight line that passes through 
 two given points. 
 
 2. Find the equation of a line that passes through the origin 
 and the point ( — 3, 2). 
 
 3. Find the equation of a line which passes through the 
 point (2, — 1) and makes an angle of 45° with the line 
 a ? _2y-|-3=:0. 
 
 4. Establish formulas for changing rectangular into polar co- 
 ordinates. 
 
 5. Write down the equation of a circle having a radius = 7 
 and its centre at (3, — 4). 
 
 6. What curves do these equations represent 1 
 
 9^ + 16 f = 144, 9x 2 — 16y = 144. 
 
 What are the polar equations of these curves 1 Sketch one of 
 these curves from its rectangular equation, and the other from its 
 polar equation. Find the foci. Find the parameter of each 
 curve, and draw it. 
 
 7. Which of the points (4, 2J), (3, — 3J), (3, 3f ), is on the 
 
 curve — + — = 1. Find the equation of the tangent and 
 ZiO lo 
 
 that of the normal at this point. Find also the lengths of the 
 
 subtangent and subnormal. 
 
 8. How do you find the points where two curves intersect % 
 As an example take these two curves : y 2 z=.ix and x 2 -f- 6x -|- y* 
 = 24. What are these curves % Draw them. 
 
214 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 PLANE TEIGONOMETEY. 
 
 Course II. and Advanced Standing. 
 
 1. The sine of an angle x is greater than the sine of another 
 angle y, both angles being in the second quadrant. Compare 
 the other trigonometric functions of these angles (cosine with 
 cosine, etc.), stating which in each set is numerically the larger. 
 Prove your results, either by formulae or by a diagram. 
 
 2. Obtain, from fundamental formulae, the trigonometric 
 functions of (360° — y). Given the functions of (180° — y), how 
 can those of (180° -|- y) be obtained % 
 
 3. Solve the right triangle in which one angle is 74° 18', and 
 the hypothenuse is ^/.01. 
 
 4. What angle in the third quadrant has a cosine equal to 
 the sine of 330° 1 
 
 5. Obtain, from fundamental formulae, 
 
 cos (x -f- y) 1 — tan x tan y 
 
 cos (x — y) 1 -\- tan x tan y 
 
 6. Obtain, from the second member of the equation in the 
 previous question, an equally simple expression in terms of the 
 cotangents of x and y. 
 
 7. Find the smallest angle in the triangle whose sides are 
 1236, 1342, 1729. 
 
 8. Obtain the formulae necessary for the complete solution of 
 an oblique triangle, in which are given two sides and the in- 
 cluded angle. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPEKS. 215 
 
 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 
 
 A short English composition is required, correct in spelling, 
 punctuation, grammar, and expression. Thirty lines will be 
 sufficient. Make at least two paragraphs. 
 
 Subject : — 
 
 The story of the Caskets, in the Merchant of Venice ; 
 Or, The story of Shakespeare's Tempest ; 
 Or, The story of Rebecca, in Scott's Ivanhoe. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS 
 
 OF OCTOBEK, 1874. 
 
 ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. 
 
 N. B. — When you name a place or country, state its position. You may omit 
 one of the first three subjects given below, and one of the last three. 
 
 1. Point out some of the causes of the greatness of Sparta 
 and of Athens. 
 
 2. "Write in the order of time (with such dates as you re- 
 member) the principal events in the Peloponnesian War, and 
 show the chief results of that war. 
 
 3. Amphictyonic Council, Ephors, Archons ; Areopagus, 
 Pnyx, Agora. Define or describe these. 
 
 4. The death of Demosthenes and the death of Cicero. 
 
 5. The life of C. Julius Caesar. 
 
 6. Laws that are landmarks in Roman history. 
 
 MODERN AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
 
 1. State, in detail, what you know about the form and di- 
 mensions of the earth. Define the mathematical and geo- 
 graphical terms which occur in your statement. 
 10 
 
218 
 
 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 2. What is the length in miles of a degree of latitude 1 ? 
 Where are the degrees of latitude and of longtitude equal in 
 length 1 How do the degrees of longitude differ in length 
 among themselves 1 
 
 3. State accurately the zone or zones in which each of the six 
 continents lies. 
 
 4. Name eight of the most important of the West India 
 Islands, and draw a map to show their relative position. To 
 what country does each belong 1 
 
 5. Describe as fully and precisely as possible the position of 
 the following cities, stating in what part of the state or country, 
 and near what river or other body of water, each one lies : 
 Belgrade, Bogota, Bombay, Brest, Carlsruhe, Dantzic, Frankfort 
 (in Europe), Montevideo, Montreal, Odessa, Singapore, Tripoli. 
 Which of these names suggests some physical feature of the 
 neighboring region, or some fact of historical interest connected 
 with the settlement of the city ? 
 
 6. What strait or channel lies between Wales and Ireland 1 ? 
 Wales and the southern part of England 1 Ireland and Scot- 
 land ? Borneo and Celebes 1 Patagonia and Terra del Fuego 1 
 Labrador and Greenland 1 Labrador and Newfoundland 1 
 
 7. Why are there large cities at higher latitudes in Europe 
 than in America'? 
 
 8. In sailing from New York to Liverpool, at what season of 
 the year would you expect to see icebergs % How far south are 
 icebergs ever seen in the North Atlantic ? 
 
 9. Describe the drainage systems of North America, and 
 name the highlands which bound each of its important river 
 basins. Are there any portions of this continent which have 
 no outlet for their waters to the sea? 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 219 
 
 GEEEK COMPOSITION. 
 
 After the death of Cyrus, the Greeks being despondent (dno- 
 pea>), Xenophon called together (ovy/cakeo*) the soldiers, and told 
 them that he had seen a vision (Ivinviov) ; in order that he 
 might encourage (6appvv<o) them and cause them to cease (nava) 
 thinking (lv6vp.kop.ai) what things they had already suffered 
 (ird(rxQ>) and were still to suffer, he told them that if they would 
 obey (irelBopai) him, he would bring them all through in safety 
 (Siao-wC©) to their native land. 
 
 GEEEK GEAMMAE. 
 
 [All Greek words must be written with the accents.] 
 
 1. Give the general rule for accenting nouns (the accent of 
 the nominative singular being known). How is accent affected 
 by the quantity of the penultimate and final syllables 1 
 
 2. Decline the nouns povo-a, vrja-os, and i\ms in the singular ; 
 and fiao-iXevs, in the plural. 
 
 3. Compare the adjectives agios, d\r)0r)s, pucp6s, dyados* 
 
 4. Decline the pronouns Zya> and oo-ns throughout. 
 
 5. Give the principal parts of ypd<f)a>, to-njpi, XapPdvco, 6pda>, 
 TiBrjpi. 
 
 6. Inflect the imperfect active of Tipda> and the present opta- 
 tive passive of $t\e<o (in the contract forms). Inflect the second 
 aorist optative active of ta-Ttjpi. 
 
 7. # What uses of the article 6 are found in Homer which are 
 not found in Attic Greek % 
 
 8.* Explain the genitive absolute and the accusative absolute, 
 and give an example of the correct use of each. 
 
220 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 9.* Explain the difference in the meanings of noirjo-ai in (3ov- 
 Xerat tovto noiTJaai and (£770-1 tovto notr/crai. 
 
 10.* Give the names of the most common metrical feet of 
 two and of three syllables, and show the quantity of the sylla- 
 bles in each (by — and ~). Explain the Elegiac distich. 
 
 * Candidates for ADVANCED STANDING will omit 7, 8, 9, and 10, and 
 ■will answer the following : — 
 
 11. Explain the Attic use of the substantive pronoun of the 
 third person (ov, of, etc.), and give an example. 
 
 12. Explain the regular use of the future infinitive. What 
 objection can you make to any of the following expressions : 
 jSovXerat tovto Troir)o~eiv, — eX7n£« roCro iroirjaew, — vnecrxeTo tovto 
 noLTjcreLVy — 6V1 tovto noirjaeiv 1 
 
 13. Why is el tovto 7roir)croL, Tk6oi.pt. av incorrect 1 Write a 
 sentence in which el Troi^o-ai shall be correctly used. 
 
 14. Explain the Iambic trimeter of Comedy, showing how 
 it differs from that of Tragedy. Explain also the Trochaic 
 tetrameter catalectic and the Anapsestic System. 
 
 GEEEK PEOSE. 
 
 [Those offering Greek Reader, take 2, 4, 5. Those offering Anabasis (four 
 Books), and Herodotus (Book 7th), take 1, 2, 5. Those offering the whole 
 Anabasis, take 1, 2, 3.] 
 
 Translate : — 
 
 1. (Anab. II. III. 11.) Kai evravBa r\v KXeapxov KarapaQelv as 
 eneoraTei., ev pev tq dpio-Tepa x €l P l T0 ^°P U *X av > * v ^ T ?7 Se£ta (HaKrq- 
 piav Kai ei tis avTa> doKoir] tcov irpos tovto TeTaypevcov (SXaneveiv, eic\e- 
 yopevos top eTrn-qdeiov enaiaev av, tta\ apa avros 71 poaeXapfiapep els top 
 7777X61/ epfiaivcov coaTe irao-iv alo~xvPT]v elvai prj ov o-vairovba^ew. 
 
 Explain the mood of doKoi'77. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 221 
 
 2. (Anab. III. v. 8, 9; Reader, p. 26.) * Anopovpevois b* atrois 
 7rpocreX6d>v tis dvrjp 'Pobtos eirrev. 'Eyeb 6eXa>, a dvbpes, bia(3ifiao~at 
 vpas Kara rer paKiax^Xiovs onXiras, av epol fov beopai vttt] perrjarjTe Kal 
 rakavTov piaOov TropLo~r}Te. 'EpaTwpevos be otov beoiro- 'Ao-kcdz/, ecf>rj, 
 di(r\iXia>v berjaopac 7roXXa be 6pS> ravra 7rpoj3ara Kal aiyas Kal /3oi)s 
 Kal ovovs, a dirobapevra Kal <f>vo~r)6evTa pablcos av napexoi rrjv biafiaaiv. 
 
 Explain the mood of beoiro. d7robap.evra, in what voice, mood, 
 tense, and from what verb 1 
 
 3. (Anab. VIL II. 18.) 'Eare! b* iyyvs rjo-av aiirov, emrvyxdvei 
 irvpols eprjpois' Kal to pep rtparov coero peraKexcoprjKevai 7roi rov 2ev0rjv. 
 'Enel be 6opvf$ov re rjaOero Kal arrjpaivovrtdv dXXj^Xois ra>v irepl ^evdrjv, 
 Kar'epaBev oti tovtov evena to. nvpa TrpoKemvpeva e'lrj r<5 2ev6r] npo rmv 
 WKTO<pv\dK(ov, orrcos ol pev (j)v'KaKes prj opwvro, ev r<» ctkotcl owes, prjb* 
 orrov etev, ol be irpoaiovres pfj Xavddvoiev, dXXa bid to (pcos Karacpavels 
 eiev. 
 
 4. (Reader, p. 99, 15; Plato, Apol.) eya> p.ev yap 7r6XXaKis 
 
 e6eXa> reSvdvai, el ravr eo-riv akr]6rj' eVei ep,oiye Kal avrat OavpaaTrj 
 av etrj f) diaTpifirf avrodi, oirore evri>xoipi TlaXaprjbei ko.1 A'tavri tg> 
 TeXapwvos Ka\ ei tis SXXos tq>v naXaiSav dia Kpiaiv abiKov redvrjKeVj 
 avTiirapafidWovTi to, epavrov irdOrj npbs to. eKelvcov, as eyco oipat, ovk 
 av drjbes e'irf. Kal brj to peyiorov, tovs etcel e^erd^ovra Ka\ epevvavra 
 wvTrep tovs evravOa bidyeiv, tis avrwv ao(j)6s eon, Kal tis o'lerai p.ev 
 eon o ov. 
 
 5. (Herod. VII. 37; Reader, p. 124, 12.) apprjpkva be ol 6 
 
 fjXios ckXmtw rrjv eK tov ovpavov ebprjv d<fravrjs rjv, ovt einve<peX(ov eov- 
 tgjv, aldplrjs re to. pdXio'Ta, dvrl rjpeprjs re vv£ eyevcTO. IdovTi 8e Kal 
 paOovTi tovto tw Sep^j/ empeXes eyeveTO, Kal e'ipero tovs Mdyovs, to 
 eBeXoi Tpotpalveiv to (f>do-pa. ol be e(f)pa£ov, a>s "EXXrjcri TtpobeiKvvet. 6 
 6eos eKXeiyf/iv tcov 7roXla>v, Xeyovres rjXiov eivat, 'EXXfjvav irpobeKTopa^ 
 o~eXr)vr)v be a^ecov. nvdopevos be ravra 6 Eep£r)s 7repi)(apr)S eav erroieero 
 rf)v eXaatv. 
 
222 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 GEEEK POETEY. 
 
 Translate : — 
 
 1. Iliad I. 511-516. 
 
 *Qs (fidro- ttjv d* orjrt. irposecfyrj vetpekrjyepera Zevs, 
 dXX' aK€CDi> bfjv rj(TTO' Oens 8', cos j^aro yovvav, 
 513 ct>s ex €T epirecfivvia, Kai etpero devrepov avris' 
 
 N^/iepres pev 8rj pot xmocrx* Kai Kardvcvcrov, 
 7] anoenf ' inel ov rot eVi deos* o(fip y ev «8a>, 
 otra-ov eyco pera naaiv aTipordrq 6eos dpi. 
 
 Divide into feet vss. 513, 514. vnoaxco, in what tense, mood, 
 voice, and from what verb 1 
 
 2. Iliad II. 308-316. 
 
 evO* e<pdvr) pkya a-^pa* hpaKav liri vara ducfioivos, 
 (rpepdaXeos, top p' avrbs 'OXvpmos tjkc <£dcos8ff, 
 ficopoi) V7rcu£as, npos pa TikardvioTov opovaev. 
 Zv6a §' ecrav orpovdoio veocrcrol, vrjnia tckuo, 
 6§co in aKpordra, TreraXois VTroneirrrjaTes. 
 oktq), drap prjrrjp ivdrrj rjv, rj renc reKva. 
 €v6* oye tovs eXeeiva KarrjcrOie reTpiycoras' 
 prjrrjp §' dpfanoraro obvpopkvrj <f)ika reKva- 
 rrjv 8* e\e\i£dp€Vos irrepvyos \dj3ev dp<f)iaxviav. 
 
 3. Iliad III. 351-354. 
 
 Zev ava, dbs Ti<racr3ai, 6 pe Trporepos Ka< eopyev, 
 dtov y A\e£av8pov, Kai ipfjs viro X € P a ^ ^dpaaaov 
 ocppa ris eppiyrjan Kai oy^iyovcuv dvOpcaTrajv, 
 £eivo8oKov KaKa pe$ai, o Kev <pikorrjra napdaxV' 
 
 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 223 
 
 LATIN COMPOSITION. 
 
 TRANSLATE INTO LATIN : — 
 
 While 1 this was done 2 where 8 -C8esar-was, Labienus, leaving 4 
 the reinforcements 5 which had lately 6 come from Italy, at 
 Agedicum, to serve 7 as a guard 8 for the baggage, 9 marches 10 
 to Lutetia with four legions. This is a town of the Parisii, 
 which is situated n on an island 12 of the river Sequana. His 
 arrival 13 being-known 14 by the enemy, large 15 forces 16 assem- 
 bled 17 from the neighboring 18 states. 19 The chief-command 20 
 is given a to Camulogenus, who, almost 22 disabled ffl by years, 
 nevertheless for 24 his unequalled 25 knowledge 26 of the art 27 
 military was detailed 28 for 29 this honorable-position. 30 Since 31 
 he had observed 32 that there was a marsh m which emptied M 
 into the Sequana, he took-his-position M here, and began 36 to 
 prevent 37 our men from crossing. 38 
 
 1 Dum. 2 gerere. 3 simply with apud. 4 relinquere. 5 supplementum. 
 6 nuper. 7 eS se. 8 presidium. 9 impedimenta. 10 proficisci. u ponere. 
 12 insula. 13 adventus. 14 cognoscere. 15 magnns. i6 copiee. W convenire. 
 18 finitimus. 19 civitas. 20 summa imperii. 21 tradere. 22 prope. 23 confec- 
 tus, 24 propter. 25 singularis. 2 6 scientia. 27 res. 28 evocare. 29 a( j. 
 30 honos. 31 cum. 32 animadvertere. 33 palus. & influere. 35 considere. 
 36 instituere. ^ prohibere. 38 transitus (substantive). 
 
 Translate into English : — 
 
 Parente P. Sestius natus est, judices, homine, ut plerique me- 
 ministis, et sapiente et sancto et severo ; qui cum tribunus 
 plebis primus inter homines nobilissimos temporibus optimis 
 factus esset, reliquis honoribus non tarn uti voluit quam dignus 
 videri. Eo auctore duxit honestissimi et spectatissimi viri, C. 
 Albini filiam, ex qua hie est puer et nupta jam filia. 
 
224 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 LATIN GKAMMAR. 
 
 Mark the quantity of the penults and last syllables of the 
 following : perbrevis (nom. sing.), fidei, arietis, cadaver, collo- 
 quor, molimen, peregre, cornicis, idus aprilis (ace. plur.), sentitis r 
 ducitis. 
 
 Give the vocative singular of Marcus Tullius Cicero. 
 
 Decline manus (tener) in the proper gender in the plural. 
 Decline collis (silvester) in the proper gender. Give the princi- 
 pal parts of pango, explico, vincio, vinco, tego, texo, sancio, ton- 
 deo, voveo, oportet. Give three ways of forming the perfect stem 
 in Latin. Give three ways of forming the present stem in the 
 third conjugation. 
 
 Inflect the future indicative and the present subjunctive active 
 of volo, eo, domo, sumo. Give the perfect subjunctive active of 
 surgo, censeo ; the imperative of ordior ; the participles and in- 
 finitives of veto, aperio, obliviscor. 
 
 Compare idoneus, tenax. Compare s&pe. Form a word 
 meaning " more watchfully " from vigilo, to watch. Form words 
 meaning "belonging to Athens," "homed," "oaken," "an 
 effort" (conor), "hardness," "seizure" (rapio). What two con- 
 structions follow the comparative degree? What is the rule 
 for their use 1 ? How is the degree of difference expressed? 
 What is the construction of sententiam in Rogatus est senten- 
 tiam ? What case or cases follow proprius, adimo, obsto, ad, in, 
 infra, sub, ante, pro ? Give, with examples, three uses of the 
 subjunctive in independent clauses. State some cases in which 
 there can be an apodosis without any accompanying conditional 
 clause. Turn into direct discourse, nisi jur asset, scelus se fac- 
 turum arbitrabatur. Explain the mood of jurasset. Why is it 
 not either of the other tenses ? 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 225 
 
 LATIN". 
 C^SAR AND SALLUST. 
 
 Translate two passages, — the first and one other. 
 
 I. Milites non longiore oratione cohortatus quam uti suae 
 pristinse virtu tis memoriam retinerent neu perturbarentur ani- 
 mo hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinerent, quod non longius 
 hostes aberant quam quo telum adjici posset, prcelii commit- 
 tendi signum dedit. Atque in alteram partem item cohortandi 
 causa profectus pugnantibus occurrit. Temporis tanta fuit exi- 
 guitas hostiumque tarn paratus ad dimicandum animus, ut non 
 modo ad insignia accommodanda, sed etiam ad galeas induen- 
 das scutisque tegimenta detrudenda tempus defuerit. — CiESAR, 
 B. G. II. 
 
 II. Primum omnium, qui ubique probro atque petulantia 
 maxume prsestabant, item alii per dedecora patrimoniis amissis, 
 postremo omnes, quos flagitium aut facinus domo expulerat, ii 
 Romam sicut in sentinam confluxerant. Deinde multi memores 
 Sullanse victorise, quod ex gregariis militibus alios senatores 
 videbant, alios ita divites ut regio victu atque cultu setatem 
 agerent, sibi quisque si in armis foret ex victoria talia sperabat. 
 Prseterea juventus, quse in agris manuum mercede inopiam 
 toleraverat, privatis atque publicis largitionibus excita urbanum 
 otium ingrato labori praetulerat ; eos atque alios omnes malum 
 publicum alebat. — Sallust, Cat. xxxvii. 
 
 III. Civitatibus maxima laus est quam latissime circum se 
 vastatis finibus solitudines habere. Hoc proprium virtutis ex- 
 istimant, expulsos agris finitimos cedere neque quemquam prope 
 audere consistere : simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur repen- 
 tinae incursionis timore sublato. Quum bellum civitas aut 
 illatum defendit aut infert, magistratus qui ei bello prsesint ut 
 vitse necisque habeant potestatem deliguntur. In pace nullus 
 est communis magistratus, sed principes regionum atque pago- 
 rum inter suos jus dicunt controversiasque minuunt. — C^sar, 
 B. G. VI. 
 
 10* o 
 
226 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 OVID. 
 
 Translate one passage. 
 
 IV. Haud procul Hennseis lacus est a moenibus altse, 
 Nomine Pergus, aquae. Non illo plura Caystros 
 Carmina cygnorum labentibus audit in undis. 
 Silva coronat aquas, cingens latus omne, suisque 
 Frondibus, ut velo, Phoebeos submovet ignes. 
 Frigora dant rami, varios humus humida flores ; 
 Perpetuum ver est. Quo dum Proserpina luco 
 Ludit, et aut violas aut Candida lilia carpit ; 
 Dumque puellari studio calathosque sinumque 
 Implet, et sequales certat superare legendo ; 
 Psene simul visa est, dilectaque, raptaque Diti : 
 Usque adeo est properatus amor. — Mett. V. 
 
 V. Ille inter csedem Rutulorum elapsus in agros 
 Confugere, et Turni defendier hospitis armis. 
 Ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria iustis ; 
 Regem ad supplicium preesenti Marte reposcunt. 
 His ego te, ^Enea, ductorem milibus addam. 
 Toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes, 
 Signaque ferre iubent ; retinet longaevus haruspex 
 Fata canens : Mseonise delecta iuventus, 
 Flos veterum virtusque virum, quos iustus in hostem 
 Fert dolor et merita accendit Mezentius ira, 
 Nulli fas Italo tantam subiungere gentem : 
 Externos optate duces. — Virg. ^En. VIII. 
 
 LATIK — Course I. 
 
 CICERO. 
 
 Translate two passages. [If you have read the Cato Major, translate I. 
 and either III. or IV. ; if not, translate II. and either III. or IV. Answer 
 all the questions.'] 
 
 I. Vixerat M'. Curius cum P. Decio, qui quinquennio ante 
 eum consulem se pro re publica quarto consulatu devoverat : 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 227 
 
 norat eumdem Fabricius, norat Coruncanius : qui quum ex sua 
 vita tum ex eius, quern dico, Decii facto iudicabant esse profecto 
 aliquid natura pulcrum atque preeclarum quod sua sponte pe- 
 teretur quodque spreta et contempta voluptate optimus quisque 
 sequeretur. — Cato Major XIII. 43. 
 
 II. Res erat minime obscura : eteuim palam dictitabat, con- 
 sulatum Miloni eripi uon posse, vitam posse. Significavit hoc 
 ssepe in senatu : dixit in contione. Quinetiam Favonio, fortis- 
 simo viro, quserenti ex eo, qua spe fureret, Milone vivo, respon- 
 dit, triduo ilium, ad summum quatriduo, periturum : quam 
 vocem ejus ad hunc M. Catonem statim Favonius detulit. — 
 Pro Milone IX. 26. 
 
 III. Quare, cum et bellum ita necessarium sit, ut negligi non 
 possit; ita magnum, ut accuratissime sit administrandum ; et 
 cum ei imperatorem prseficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli 
 scientia, singularis virtus, clarissima auctoritas, egregia fortuna ; 
 dubitabitis, Quirites, quin hoc tantum boni, quod vobis a Diis 
 immortalibus oblatum et datum est, in rempublicam conservan- 
 dam atque amplificandam conferatis 1 — Pro Lege Man ilia 
 XVI. 49. 
 
 IV. Cum facile exorari, Caesar, tum semel exorari, soles. 
 Nemo unquam te placavit inimicus, qui ullas resedisse in te 
 simultatis reliquias senserit. Quanquam cui sunt inauditee 
 cum Deiotaro querelse tuse 1 ? Nunquam tu ilium accusavisti, 
 ut hostem, sed ut amicum officio parum functum, qubd propen- 
 sior in Cn. Pompeii amicitiam fuisset, quam in tuam. Cui 
 tamen ipsi rei veniam te daturum fuisse dicebas, si tantum 
 auxilia Pompeio, vel si etiam nlium misisset, ipse excusatione 
 setatis usus esset. — Pro Rege Deiotaro III. 9. 
 
 1. State concisely the circumstances and subject of any one 
 of Cicero's Orations against Catiline. 
 
 2. Explain the use of the moods in indirect discourse. 
 
 3. What does Cicero usually mean by Asia and Gallia 2 
 
228 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 VIRGIL. 
 
 Translate two passages, — IT. and either I. or III. Answer all the ques- 
 tions. 
 
 I. C. Muscosi fontes et somno mollior herba, 
 Et quae vos rara viridis tegit arbutus umbra, 
 Solstitiuni pecori defendite ; iam venit aestas 
 Torrida, iam lseto turgent in palmite gemmae. 
 
 T. Hie focus et taedae pingues, hie plurimus ignis 
 Semper, et adsidua postes fuligine nigri ; 
 Hie tantum Borese curamus frigora, quantum 
 Aut numerum lupus, aut torrentia numina ripas. 
 
 Ecl. VII. 45-52. 
 
 II. Anna, vides toto properari litore 1 Circum 
 Undique convenere ; vocat iam carbasus auras, 
 Puppibus et laeti nautae inposuere coronas. 
 Hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, 
 
 Et perferre, soror, potero. Miserae hoc tamen unum 
 Exsequere, Anna, niihi ; solam nam perfidus ille 
 Te colere, arcanos etiam tibi credere sensus ; 
 Sola viri mollis aditus et tempora noras ; 
 I, soror, atque hosteni supplex adfare superbum : 
 
 Ms. IV. 416-424. 
 
 III. Turn contra Iuno ; Terrorum et fraudis abunde est : 
 Stant belli caussse : pugnatur comminus armis ; 
 Quae fors prima dedit, sanguis novus imbuit arma. 
 Talia coniugia et talis celebrent hymenseos 
 Egregium Veneris genus et rex ipse Latinus. 
 
 Te super eetherias errare licentius auras 
 Haud Pater ille velit, summi regnator Olympi. 
 Cede locis. Ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est, 
 Ipsa regam. Talis dederat Saturnia voces. 
 
 tEn. VII. 552-560. 
 
 1. Give a brief summary of the events in iEneid III. 
 
 2. Divide into feet, marking the quantities and ictus of every 
 foot, the second and fifth lines in II. 
 
 3. How does the metre help to determine the meaning of the 
 second line in 1. 1 
 
 HI 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 229 
 
 AEITHMETIC AND LOGAEITHMS. 
 LOGARITHMS. 
 
 1. Find, by logarithms, the value of \/ (1.06) 5 . 
 
 2 f 444 4 
 
 2. Find, by logarithms, the value of Q ^ — 0001 • 
 
 3. If the base of a system of logarithms is 8, between what 
 integers does the logarithm of 9 lie ? of 90 1 of 900 ? 
 
 ARITHMETIC. 
 
 . t,. , , .0.5 X 0.006 _ I of ^ of (f) 3 
 
 4. Find the sum of ^^yp and ^6 + 0.625 ' 
 
 5. Obtain the answer to the first question on this paper with- 
 out using logarithms. 
 
 6. Three men contract to do a piece of work for $ 8,775. 
 The first man employs 20 men, 24 days, 10 hours a day; the 
 second 25 men, 20 days, 12 hours a day ; the third 30 men, 25 
 days, 9 hours a day. How much should each of the three con- 
 tractors receive 1 
 
 7. What circulating decimal is equivalent to the sum of J, ^, 
 and^? 
 
 8. A man buys 454 bushels of wheat for $ 3 a bushel, and 
 sells the wheat at $8.75 a hectolitre. How much does he 
 gain] 
 
 (Litre == 0.908 quart, dry measure.) 
 
 9. If 2 A. SB. 4 P. be multiplied by 2f, what part is the 
 product of 15 A. 1 B. 2 PA 
 
 10. If a grocer's scales give only 15 oz. 4 dr. for a pound, out 
 of how much money is a customer cheated who buys sugar to 
 the amount of $ 55.04 ? 
 
230 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 ALGEBKA. 
 
 1. Find the greatest common divisor of 2a?-\-x — 1, a? 2 -}- 5 a? 
 -f- 4, and x 8 -\- 1. (Obtain the result, if possible, by separating 
 each polynomial into its prime factors.) 
 
 2. Find the simplest expression for 
 
 1 +.z 1 — x 2 
 
 1 _|_# + ^+ i _^_|_^~" i + & + &- 
 
 3. A number consists of two digits. If 9 be added to the 
 number, the digits are inverted \ and the sum of the number 
 thus formed and of the original number is 33. Find the digits. 
 
 4. If n be divided into two parts, prove that the difference 
 of the squares of the parts equals n times the difference of the 
 parts. 
 
 5. Find the square root of # 4 + 2 x 8 — x + J. 
 
 6. Given - ,"*". = ~V, a is 4. Find the value of n. 
 
 3 n + 69 a **' 3 
 
 h « -, . x-\-2 4 — x . 7 
 
 7. feolve the equation — ! — =■ = — j- — . 
 
 X — 1 Ax Z 
 
 8. A cistern is filled by two pipes in 2h. 55 m. The larger 
 pipe will fill the cistern, by itself, in two hours less time than 
 the smaller pipe will fill it. In what time will each pipe fill 
 the cistern? 
 
 9. The cube root of a number is twice the square root. Find 
 the number. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 231 
 
 ALGEBKA. — Course II. and Advanced Standing. 
 
 1. The sum of the two digits which form a number is 9, and 
 if the number be divided by the sum of the digits the quotient 
 is 5. Find the number. 
 
 1 2 
 
 2. Solve the equation — ^ — ^— = |. 
 
 3. A merchant bought a certain number of pieces of silk for 
 £180. Had he received three more pieces for the same money, 
 each piece would have cost £3 less. How many pieces did he 
 buy) 
 
 4. Obtain the equation whose roots are m-\-n and m-~n. 
 What form will the equation take if m = n 1 
 
 5. The first term of an Arithmetical Progression is 5, the 
 last term is 302, the common difference is 3. Find the number 
 of terms. 
 
 6. Solve the equation \/#-|-4 — \/ # = \/ # + §. 
 
 7. Find the first five terms of \/ 1 + x by the Binomial The- 
 orem. 
 
 8. In the Geometric Progression, a, b, . . . find the sum of an 
 infinite number of terms. 
 
 9. Out of 12 consonants and 5 vowels how many words can 
 be formed, each containing 3 consonants and 2 vowels 1 
 
 
232 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 PLANE GEOMETEY. 
 
 1. Two sides of one triangle are respectively equal to two 
 sides of another triangle, but the angles included by these sides 
 are not equal. What is true of the third sides? State and 
 prove. State the converse theorem. Is it true? 
 
 2. The area of a triangle. State and prove. 
 
 3. Prove that the areas of two rectangles are proportional to 
 the products of their bases by their altitudes. 
 
 4. The radius of a given circle is ten inches; what is the 
 radius of a circle having twice the area of the given circle 1 of 
 a circle having one half the area of the given circle 1 
 
 5. State and prove the Pythagorean theorem. 
 
 6. Given the base, the altitude, and one of the angles at the 
 base of a triangle, to construct the triangle. 
 
 7. Prove that two triangles are similar, if an angle of one 
 equals an angle of the other, and the sides which include these 
 angles are proportional. 
 
 8. A perpendicular drawn from any point of a semi-circum- 
 ference upon the diameter is a mean proportional between what 1 
 State and prove. 
 
 SOLID GEOMETEY. 
 
 1. Two planes are perpendicular to each other, and a straight 
 line is drawn in one of them perpendicular to their intersection ; 
 prove that this straight line is perpendicular to the other plane. 
 
 2. Two planes are perpendicular to each other, and through 
 any point of one is drawn a straight line perpendicular to the 
 other : prove that this straight line lies wholly in the first plane. 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 233 
 
 3. Prove that if a solid angle is formed by three plane angles, 
 the sum of either two of these angles is greater than the third. 
 
 4. Prove that sections of a pyramid made by parallel planes 
 are similar polygons whose areas are proportional to the squares 
 of their distances from the vertex. 
 
 5. Prove that two pyramids which have equal bases and alti- 
 tudes are equivalent. Why not say equal ? 
 
 6. Prove that a triangular pyramid is a third part of a tri- 
 angular prism of the same base and altitude. Deduce from this 
 a rule for finding the volume of any pyramid or cone. 
 
 7. How large a part of the surface of a sphere is covered by 
 a spherical triangle whose angles are 90°, 150°, 132° % 
 
 8. What is a regular polyhedron? How many are there? 
 Give their names and a brief description of each. 
 
 ANALYTIC GEOMETBY. 
 
 [Ask for Trigonometric Tables.] 
 
 1. What are Rectangular Co-ordinates ? Polar Co-ordinates ? 
 
 2. Lay down a few points of, and then draw the curves rep- 
 resented by, these equations : — 
 
 (i.) 7cc 2 — 16?/ 2 =112, 
 
 What are these curves 1 
 
 3. The centre of a circle is at the point ( — 2, 0) and its 
 radius = 5 ; what is its equation 1 
 
 4. Define the Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola. 
 
 5. From its definition deduce the rectangular equation of the 
 parabola. 
 
234 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 
 
 6. Given the equation of a parabola y 2 = 6 x ; what is the 
 distance from the origin to the focus 1 Transform this equation 
 to a set of axes throiigh the focus. What does the new equa- 
 tion represent 2 Transform it to polar co-ordinates. Illustrate 
 by a diagram. 
 
 7. Is the point (2, 1) on the straight line x — 3y-f-l=0? 
 Why? 
 
 8. Find the equation of a straight line passing through (2, 1) 
 and perpendicular to the line x — 3 y -J- 1 = 0. Draw both 
 lines. 
 
 9. In what point do the straight lines x — 3 3/ — j— 1 == and 
 #+7> + ll = intersect 1 
 
 10. Find the angle between the two straight lines given in 
 the last question. 
 
 PLANE TEIGONOMETEY. 
 
 Course II. and Advanced Standing. 
 
 1. The cosine of an angle in the first quadrant is 0.7. Find, 
 either by formulae or by tables, the sine of half that angle. 
 
 2. What is the sine of 240°? The. cosine of 300°? The 
 tangent of 225° % The secant of 150° % 
 
 3. One angle of a plane triangle is 64° 18', and the other 
 angles are equal. The greatest side is 10. Solve the triangle. 
 
 4. Find the trigonometric functions of (270° — y). 
 
 5. Prove that the sides of a plane triangle are proportional 
 to the sines of the opposite angles. 
 
 6. Obtain, from fundamental formulae, 
 
 cot y cot x -f- 1 
 
 cot (x — y) = 
 
 cot y — cot x 
 
EXAMINATION PAPERS. 235 
 
 7. Two sides of a plane triangle are 4, 6, and the included 
 angle is 38° 54='. Solve the triangle. 
 
 8. One side of a plane triangle is double another, and the 
 third side equals one half the sum of the other two. Find the 
 largest angle. 
 
 ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 
 
 A short English composition is required, correct in spelling, 
 punctuation, grammar, and expression. Thirty lines will be 
 sufficient. Make at least two paragraphs. 
 
 Subject : — 
 
 The Trial Scene, in the Merchant of Venice ; 
 Or, The Story of Brutus, in Shakespeare's Julius Csesar ; 
 Or, The Passage of Arms at Ashby, in Ivanhoe. 
 
£* 9 03 4 
 


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