c^ ore S3* LIBRA RY OF CONGRESS, $ »r\ &•■■# < < « << cc osus circura praecordia ludit. - Sat. I. 116, *], And yet— arch Horace, while he strove to mend, Probed all the foibles of his smiling friend ; Played lightly round and round the peccant part, And won, unfclt, an entrance to his heart. GirroRD, A 2 Vlll PREFACE In the dedication of Horatins Restitutus, here preserved*, it will not be considered as an extravagant compliment, if I have styled Dr. Bentley the Prince of Critics. For what is the constant language of the present generation, and amongst the scholars of the Continent? Hermann, himself confessedly, " a scholar and a philosopher of the highest order, 1 ' in one of his critical works, De R. Bentleio ejusque editione Terentii Dissertation tells us distinctly, that from his preceptor, F. V. Reiz, he inherited the disposition to honour Bentley, tanquam perfectissimum critici exemplum : and he has admirably concentered his own eulogy of that character in the following definition which he afterwards expands. " Erat Bentleius vir infinites doctrince, acutissimi sensus, acerrimi judicii. Et his tribus rebus omnis laus et virtus continetur Critici." 24th March, 1832. R. S. Y. * TO THE MASTER, FELLOWS, AND SCHOLARS, OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ESPECIALLY TO THOSE PUPILS OF MINE WHO HAVE BEEN OR. NOW ARE ON THE FOUNDATION, I INSCRIBE THIS BOOK, IN THE BELIEF THAT THEY WILL KINDLY AND JUSTLY ESTIMATE THE TRIBUTE OF DEEP ADMIRATION HERE PAID TO THE CELEBRATED EDITION OF THE WORKS OF HORACE, which the prince of critics, richard bentley, first dated from that illustrious college, in the year m.dcc.xi. james tate. Richmond, April 16, 1832. TO THE FIRST EDITION. IX P.S. All earnest anxiety to learn whatever yet may be accurately known about the Fons Bandusinus, maintained to be the old genuine and only fountain of that name, near to Venusia (or Venosa), induced me to consult Dr. George Errington, Pro-Rector of the English college at Rome. Accordingly I requested from him the advantage of any re- search which his command of the libraries there might give, into the subject proposed ; he was particularly desired to examine every document which he could find, bearing on the question in the Abbe Chaupy's Decouverte de la Maison de Campagne aVHorace, Vol. in. pp. 364. 538, &c. In a long, curious, entertaining Letter lately received, my learned and accomplished correspondent assures me, that while the extract itself from the Bull of Pascal the nd (about which I inquired) is indeed literally correct, he considers its application, however, as very suspicious; from the manner in which Chaupy " sees a little, presumes a great deal, and so jumps to the con elusion ." The passage quoted by Chaupy and more fully given by Mr. Hobhouse (vide the close of the Dissertation for parti- culars) contains, to be sure, various words — de Castello Bandusii — in Bandusino fonte apud Venusiam, &c, which seem full of excellent promise : but when rigidly examined, those words leave nothing essential, beyond the simple fact, that in the year a.d. 1103, " at or near Venosa there was a Church called in Fonte Bandusino, for what cause so called cannot now be ascertained. 11 The fountain itself, somewhere in that neighbourhood be- yond a doubt, existed apparently in Horace's day. But while the precise spot of the Poet's birth, on the banks of the Aufidus, and therefore if geography may be trusted, not im- mediately near to Venusia, has but little chance now of ever being exactly determined, the original Fons Bandusinus must without a sigh be resignedto its fate ; perhaps that of an extinct fountain in a country more or less subject to volcanic X PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. influence. And finally, in referring here to Mr. Cramer's Ancient Italy, Vol. n. p. 290, I beg to be candidly under- stood as not at all impeaching his general accuracy : lie does but exhibit, avowedly so, the specious result of Chaupy's dis- coveries, when he says of the Fons Bandusinus (in the Bull alluded to, apud Vennsiam), " that we ought to restore it to its true position, about sioo miles from Venosa, on the site named Palazzo.'''' Let the right or the wrong of all this repose with Capmartin de Clumpy. Habeat secum, servetque sepulchro. INTRODUCTION TO THE PRESENT EDITION. On a new edition of Horatius Restitutus appearing, some account may naturally be expected of what has been done, in the way of addition and improvement, to constitute an increased claim for its kind reception with the lovers of Roman literature. In the first place, the Preliminary Dissertation remains in the arrangement of its principal parts the same as be- fore ; and though with great enlargement in the materials of new and interesting observation, yet not so far, it is hoped, as to render any one topic disproportionate or tedious. To preserve as much as possible something like unity in the composition, such new subjects as from their importance seemed to justify a larger discussion, it has been thought advisable to form into separate articles of Appendix, with the best arrangement which the diversity of nature in many of them would permit. Amongst other additions, the Chronological Table now so much extended in its plan, pp. 90 — 94, may fairly be reckoned. I am indebted to Lord Holland's kindness, who has taken a most friendly interest in Horatius Restitutus, for the very just suggestion, that greater particularity and fulness of detail would give increased value to the Chrono- logy, which beyond a doubt was too brief before. And Mr. H. Fynes Clinton, whose judgment I solicited on the MS. in its altered state, honoured me with the following reply : Xll INTRODUCTION. that after a careful examination he thought it very much improved by the addition made of testimonies from the works of Horace in the fourth column, and that he perfectly understood the design in this Chronology, not to illustrate history from Horace, but rather Horace from history. " This design," he adds, " you have fulfilled in a very complete and satisfactory manner ; and your tables, as now enlarged, will render great assistance to the future students of Horace." It cannot be impertinent here, in allusion to P. D. 81, 2. to announce ; that a Memoir of the Life and Times of Ho- race—with a regular parallel in the events of Roman history and in the biography of contemporary poets— has been sketched with great exactness by Mr. Charles Wordsworth, of Winchester, in a sheet privately printed and for limited circulation only. Professedly formed, as it is, on the basis of the Preliminary Dissertation and of the Fasti Hellenici, and already carried down to the publication of the third book of Odes, it has deserved and received my very hearty approbation. And I record with much pleasure Mr. Clin- ton's opinion, which on such a subject is quite decisive : " it will be a valuable guide and eminently useful to young men engaged in academical studies." In the additional space which this volume has demanded, the largest share is claimed by the Dissertation on the Metres of Horace; which in its prefatory pages (159 — 161) sufficiently enumerates the different authors to whom my obligations are due. Let me, however, in particular re- ference to Dr. Herbert, take this opportunity to premise that as far as he has clearly shown the way, in that curious line of the leading accents essential to the right constitu- tion of verse, I have freely availed myself of his guidance ; and that where I have felt less assurance on any points in INTRODUCTION. Xlil his doctrine, I have stated the facts without comment, and left the farther application for other scholars to demonstrate. Nor may the gratification be denied to me of stating, that in the month of January, 1836, the Dissertation itself was drawn up as it now stands, chiefly on existing materials, with the aid of my son and successor in the School of Richmond, Mr. James Tate, a sound and elegant scholar, as well as a faithful and diligent preceptor. And here, if the overflowing matter may be excused for seeking admission into a place not properly its own, let the two following Addenda be accepted towards completing or extending the separate articles to which they belong. I. In the Familiar Day of Horace, Appendix, pp. (100), (101), (102), I have shown in what style and on what condi- tions he professed to entertain his friends, and have exhibited another variety of good fellowship, which was partly managed at the common expense of the parties. Now a reader who is not sufficiently aware of the difference betwixt that age and our own, may naturally ask : " Had the gentlemen of Rome then no other plan for enjoying the social hour but those which you have here described ?" None, that I am aware of, is apparent in the pages of Horace. For the scenes which you may perhaps imagine adapted to that pur- pose, were in our poefs time evidently unknown in any such use. With him, the caupona occurs only as an inn for the entertainment of travellers, 1 S. v. 51 ; 1 E. xi. 12; xvn. 8 ; the popina, as an eating-house (with its frequenter popino) dirty and discreditable, 2 S. iv. 62 ; vn. 39 ; 1 E. xiv. 21 ; and, finally, the taberna (in the only pertinent acceptation of the word) as nothing more or less than a mere wine-shop, and one to which very low persons re- sorted, 1 E. xv. 24. In short, any thing like our tavern, or XIV INTRODUCTION'. other place of reception for a party to dine, seems to have been unknown at Rome in the age of Augustus. In the well-known invitation to Torquatus, 1 E. v. 2. that olus omne of a dinner may well excite our wonder ; and if strictly so understood, can hardly expect to be cre- dited. Let any person, however, who entertains such a doubt, betake himself to Tully's Epistles, Fam. vn. 26, and there he will read, among the practical effects of the Lex sum- tuaria rigidly enforced during the usurpation of Caesar, that Cicero from eating vegetables only, but very highly dressed, in ccend Augur ali apud Lentulum, incurred a dysentery which had nearly been the death of him. If such was the habitual frugality of Horace's meal, we may be the less surprised at his unquestionable nicety with regard to its concomitant, good water. With him, indeed, this was a necessary of the first importance : and it is cu- rious to trace his own repeated mention of it from 1 S. v A 7, 8. where he could eat no dinner because the water was bad, through his wish, 2 S. vi. 2. for the jugis aquce fo?is, and his pride in possessing, 3 C. xvi. 29. Puree rivus aquce. — down to the inquiry at a late period, 1 E. xv. 15, 16. what kind of water the inhabitants of Velia and Sa- lernum enjoyed. Collectosne bibant imbres, puteosne perennes Jugis aquae. II. Horace, when recounting the many annoyances from which his comparative poverty and his humble rank ex- empted him, includes this also : ■ ducendus et unus Et comes alter, uti ne solus rusve peregreve Exirem. 1 S. vi. 101, 2, 3. The necessity then to maintain those comites would have formed in his estimate one of the miseries of wealth and INTRODUCTION. XV high birth. From whence, it may be asked, (lid this ad- junct of nobility and opulence arise, which so marked civil society in the age of Augustus? Clearly enough, its origin was military, in the custom for young men of family to go out as contubernales to commanders in chief and governors of provinces, and under their eye to learn all the mrtutes imperatorias whether of provincial policy or of the art of war. The authority of Cicero for the military practice in his day is very explicit. Take two instances as presented by Ernesti in his valuable Index Latinitatis. Pro Cn. Flancio, §11. and Pro M. Ccelio, § 30. it is stated as a fact highly honourable to their characters, that the one en- joyed the contubernii necessitudo with Aulus Torquatus, and that the other went into Africa to be Q. Pompeio Pro- consuli contubernalis. For a period not much later, the words of Horace may be considered sufficiently clear, as when at 1 S. vn. 25. he mentions the comites of Brutus, and at 1 E. vin. 2. he writes to Celsus Albinovanus, comiti scribaeque Neronis, with the cohors also of that young prince (v. 14) alluded to. In a brief sketch like this, one more example, but that of a splendid name, may suffice. The young Agricola, as we are told by Tacitus, § 5. Prima castrorum rudimenta Suetonio Paullino diligenti ac moderato duci approbavit, electus, quern contubernio aestimaret. Now, by what process the transition took place from the contubernalis of the Praetorium abroad to the comes of the mansion or the villa at home, it may be a difficult office to develope. But the two Epistles, xvn. and xvin. to Scaeva and to Lollius, (of which the latter supplies the term comi- tem, v. 30. in sequence to dives amicus, v. 24. as the cor- relative, followed by potentis amici, v. 44. in the same meaning,) abundantly demonstrate, that the relation of such a minor to such a major amicus prevailed much in the highest Roman society, at the time when Horace wrote XVI INTRODUCTION. those two Letters of advice with such masterly skill and such beautiful execution. Before concluding, it is incumbent on me to acknowledge, with many thanks, the valuable assistance which I received in the summer of last year, when at Richmond, from the fine taste and talent of Mr. William King, in very carefully drawing up the principal articles of Appendix. Mr. King is already known, I trust, from the just compliments paid to him as my coadjutor in editing the Analecta Ma- jora Poetica of Professor Dalzel in 1827; and he well de- serves to be known from his labour so judiciously bestowed on the last edition of Mitford's History of Greece. Nor may the valuable services of Mr. Robert Baldwin be allowed here to pass unacknowledged. Without his friendly assistance and judicious advice, these sheets could never have been carried through the press; under the peculiar difficulty of so many MS. additions and correc- tions to be incorporated with the old text, and the diffi- culty itself aggravated by that text being so singular a compound of original matter blended with quotation. TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION, &c. CHRONOLOGY OF THE WORKS. De Temporibus Horatii, according to Bentley Faber, Dacier, Masson, and Mitscherlich M, Sanadon's errors exposed .... (The term Epode explained .... And Carmen) . . . Absurdity involved in the common order of the books of Horace, and congruity arising from Bentley's arrangement, as to internal evidence and historical truth ..... Advantage of that arrangement in placing the fourth book of Odes after the first book of Epistles, particularly shown . Page 3 6 8 10 11 15 17 LOCALITIES. Horace's three places of residence, Rome, — Sabine Valley, Tivoli ........ First great source of error in Suetonius Second source, opposite to that, in the discoveries of Domenico de Sanctis and De Chawpy .... Correction of the latter error . Confirmed by Cabral, &c, 20 21 22 23 24 xvin TABLE OF CONTENTS. N. Hardingc's important emendation. 3 C. xxix. 6. Ut semper- udum, &c. . . Proofs of Horace's frequent residence at Tivoli And of his there first becoming a Lyric poet His occasional resort also to Prameste and Baiae Essential distinctions betwixt his mode of life in the Sabine Valley and that either at Rome or at Tivoli .... The Ode to Phidyle (3 C. xxm. Ccelo supinas. . .) placed in its true light The invitation to Q. Hirpinus (2 C. xi. Quid bellicosus. . .) dated from Tivoli, and not from the Sabine Valley Singular errors as to the wishes of Horace, and as to the actual qualities of his Sabine estate ..... Page 24 25 27 28 29 30 32 34 LIFE AND CHARACTER OF HORACE. His father, a Coactor ..... 37 Condition of the Libertini . . . . . . ib. Horace bora at Venusia ..... 38 His adventure when a child . . . .40 (With allusion to his escape from other dangers) . ib. Carried to Rome for his education . . . .41 (Reminiscences afterwards of his native place) . 42 The liberal character of his appearance at Rome . . 44 His moral training under his father's eye . . 45 After the death of his father, Horace goes to Athens . . 47 His studies, his attainments in Grecian literature, and his Sodales there . . . . , . . .48 (Examples of Horace tracked in his own snow) . 50 Places which he appears to have visited . . .51 (Epistle (xi.) to Bullatius ; peculiarity of his style) . ib. As military tribune, under Brutus, at Philippi . . .53 He returns to Rome and becomes a clerk in the treasury . 54 His mode of life at this period, and afterwards . , .56 He is introduced to Maecenas by Virgil and Varius . . 58 The journey to Brundusium. (1 S. v.) . , . .59 His personal and literary friends .... ib, TABLE OF CONTENTS. XIX Page Probable origin of the Satire, (1 S. vin.) Prescript i Regis . 01 On the succession of the pieces in his books ; the separation of some, the conjunction of others . . . .62 Canidia traced through all the pieces respecting her . .64 The new stage of Horace's history, when just possessed of the Sabine estate. 2 S. vi. Hoc erat in votis . . . ib. (Lays the foundation of his Epodes) . , .66 His happiness and kind reception among his Sabine neighbours . 67 The historical bearing of his Epodes considered . . 69 Progress from the Epodes to the Odes, from the Odes to the Epistles . . . . . . . ib. Publication of the fourth book of Odes . . .72 Preceded by the Carmen Saeculare . . . .73 And marked by peculiar circumstances ... 74 In that book no direct address to Maecenas, and why . . ib. Maecenas Horace's only patron ... .76 Horace's temper and disposition, that of contentedness and gratitude . . . . . . .77 By no means without a sense of religion . . 78 Maecenas's visit to Horace at Tivoli . . . .79 Chronological table, in its several particulars, explained . 80 Dates regarding Virgil, Quintilius Varus, and Lucilius, considered 83 In historical facts no real objection to Bentley's chronology . 85 The localities of Horace, as here stated, not affected by the sup- posed discovery of the Fons Bandusinus near Venusia . 87 Brief Chronology of the Life and Writings of Horace . 90 APPENDIX. I. Horace's familiar day, and Roman customs connected with it ....... 95 II. On the Sabine Valley and the second Epode . . 107 III. On Maecenas and the first Ode of the first book . .111 IV. On Augustus Caesar and the second Ode, Jam satis terris 121 V. De Personis Horatianis . . . . .128 VI. On Horace's obligations to the Greek poets . . 139 VII. On Kirchner*s Qilestiones Horatian^e , . .140 s XX TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page VIII. Some account of the text of this edition, and of the read- ings different from that of Gesner adopted for its im- provement . . • . <■ . .149 Treatise on the Metres of Horace . . . .159 INTRODUCTION. The terms Caupona — Popina — Taberna, explained . . xiii No places of reception for a party to dine . . . xiv Horace's olus omne illustrated . . . . ib. His peculiar nicety as to good water ...... ib. On the Comites of Horace's day, and the military origin of that character . . . . . ib. DISSERTATION ON THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE WORKS, AND ON THE LOCALITIES AND LIFE AND CHARACTER OF HORACE. Having now, for more than one third of a century, been engaged in reading the works of Horace with my Pupils, and having long witnessed in his commentators the con- fusion very often attending their neglect of his chronology -, (let me add of his localities also,) I have been strongly in- clined for some time past to undertake the illustration of Horace, in that department alone. By the light of Bent- ley's discoveries in his celebrated Prcefatio^ the question De temporibus librorum Horatii (though the result only of his investigations without any part of the regular process is given) I ventured to consider after all as in the main de- cisively settled. And therefore if on the strength of Bent- ley's name I had proceeded to publish a new edition of the works, without any other recommendation than that of their being printed in the very order in which they were origi- nally published in successive books by the author himself; b (2) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. it struck my mind very forcibly, that such an edition would be hailed by Scholars as an era in Horatian literature. That design, however, still hung in suspense, and might yet have been indefinitely delayed. But in the course of last year, (1831,) I was led to expect the appearance of a Second Part of the Fasti Hellenici, &c, by Mr. H. Fynes Clinton, brought down to the death of Augustus : and that expecta- tion inspired me with a strong anxiety to learn what the Master Chronologist had done, under the head of Roman Authors, towards fixing or correcting the calculations of Bentley . My satisfaction of course was very great to find, that all the principal points which had been laid down one hundred and twenty years ago for the foundation of that arrangement, may now be received as determined once for all by the very highest authority. Mr. Clinton himself on being informed of my intention gives me the kindest encouragement to persevere : he ap- proves of my undertaking so useful a work as an edition of the books of Horace, arranged in chronological order : and he assigns as a reason for his approbation, that the neglect of that order has produced much perplexity to the student not of Horace only, but of many other authors of the Augustan age. Under all these circumstances, I now am emboldened to proceed in the task ; and as the design in the first instance is submitted to the judgement of scholars, which it candidly invites, I shall at once lay before them as preliminary to all other disquisition the following extract from Bentley's Prce- fatio. The title is copied from the formula adopted by Gesner, who in his edition of Horace gives all this extract except what stands as the first section of it : and the divi- sion here made of the whole into parts commodious for re- ference, will on that account be readily allowed. (HI? ONTOLOGY OF WORKS. (3) DE TEMPORIBUS LIBRORUM HORATII POEMATUM AMO RICH. BENTLEII SENTENTIA. ^[1. Jam vero et illud monendum est, editiones principes et recentioris setatis codices alio ac nunc solemus ordine Artem Poet icam collocare, post carmen nempe Saeculare ante Sermones et Epistolas : vetustiores vero omnes Mem- branas post Carminum libros Artem Epodis praeponere, Si quaeris, quisnam ex his ordo recte se habeat, seriemque temporum, quibus singula ab auctore edita sunt, rite conser- ve^ vetustusne ille an medius an hodiernus ; nullus pro- fecto omnium. ^[ 2. Magno quidem studio et acerrima contentione post Tanaquilli Fabri operam Clarissimi viri Dacerius Mas- sonusque in hanc arenam descenderunt ; quorum equidem acumen et eruditionem in partibus laudo ; in operis vero summa totoque constituendo rem eos infeliciter admodum gessisse censeo. Horum enim rationibus, et Carminibus et Epodis et Sermonibus Epistolisque scribendis uno ac eodem tempore vacavisse Nostrum necesse est ; et singula quaeque poematia separatim in vulgus edidisse : quorum utrumque a vero alienum esse mihi pro comperto est. ^[ 3. Quippe omnibus, qui ejusmodi Poematia scripserunt, id in more erat, ut non sparsas Eclogas, sed integros Li- bellos semel simulque in lucem ederent. Ita Catullus fecit, ut ex Epigrammate i. constat, Cut dono lepidum novum Libellum : ita Tibullus, quern vide Elegia i. libri tertii, v. 7- et 17. ita Propertias Eleg. i. librorum u. in. et iv. ut et Libri n. Elegia x, v. 25. et xix, v. 39; ita VirgiUu& b2 (4) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. Bucolica dedit, uti patet ex ultimo illo, Ewtremum hunc, Arethusa, rnihi concede laborem: ita Naso Amorum et Tristium et Ponticorum libros, ipso teste : ita Statins Sil- vas suas : ita Martialis Epigrammata, ut Praefationes eorum fidem faciunt : ita Persius Satiras ; Phcedrus et Avienus fabulas ; Ausonius, Prudentius, Sidonius, Ve- nantiusque sua Carmina; quod ex eorum Prologis abunde patet. ^[ 4. Quid quaeris ? Ipse quoque Horatius Libellos suos junctim editos aperte indicat ; primum Carminum librum ex Prologo ; secundum tertiumque ex Epilogis ; Epodos ex illo xiv. Inceptos olim promissum carmen Iambos Ad umbilicum adducere ; Sermonum priorem librum ex versu ultimo, I puer atque meo citus hcec subscribe libello ; posteriorem ex Prologo ; priorem vero Epistolarum et ex Prologo et ex Epilogo. Quartum vero Carminum, et Epistolarum secundum longo post cetera intervallo emis- sos esse, plenissimum est Suetonii testimonium ; quod qui aut refellere aut eludere conantur, inanem operam insu- munt. ^f 5. His jam positis ; primum Horatii opus statuo Sermo- num librum primum, quern triennio perfecit intra annos getatis xxvi, xxvit, xxviii ; postea Secundum triennio iti- dem, annis xxxi, xxxii, xxxm ; deinde Epodos biennio, xxxtv et xxxv ; turn Carminum librum primum triennio, xxxvi, xxxvn, xxxvin ; Secundum biennio, xl, xli ; Tertiumque pariter biennio, xlii, xlhi : inde Epis- tolarum primum biennio, xlvi, xlvii ; turn Carminum lib. quartum et Sceculare triennio, xlix, l, li. Postremo Artem Poeticam et Epistolarum librum alterum, annis incertis. Intra hos cancellos omnium poematian natales esse ponendos, et ex argumentis singulorum et ex Annalium fide constabit. ^f 6. Inde est, quod in Sermonibus et Epodis et Carminum primo, Ccesar semper, nunquam Augustus dicitur ; quippe CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (5) qui id nomen consecutus est, anno demum Flacci xxxix ; in sequentibus vero passim Augustus appellatur. Inde est, quod in Sermonibus et Epodis Juvenem se ubique indicat ; et quod sola Satirarum laude inclaruisse se dicit, ut Buco- Hcorum turn Virgilium (Serm. i, 10. v. 46.) nulla Lyricorum mentione facta. *[[ 7* In ceteris autem singulis procedentis aetatis gradus planissimis signis indicat : idque tibi ex hac serie jam a me demonstrata jucundum erit animadvertere ; cum operibus Juvenilibus multa obscaena et flagitiosa insint ; quanto an- nis provectior erat, tanto eum et poetica virtute et argumen- torum dignitate gravitateque meliorem castioremque semper evasisse. ^[8. Ceterum ubicumque viri doctissimi extra limites hie positos in adsignandis temporibus evagantur, toties illi in errores prolabuntur. Facile quidem mihi foret id in singulis ostendere ; verum unum modo alterumve hie attingam, ce- tera tuae industries relinquens. Libri i. Carmen 21, Dianam tenerce dicite Virgines, perperam Saeculare vocant, et ad Horatii annum xlix. referunt ; ringente Suetonio, qui tres Carminum libros longo intervallo eum annum prsecessisse testatur. Atqui nihil quicquam hie de Scecularibus ludis proditur ; sed aut ad Dianas aut Apollinis festum spectat, quorum illud mense Augusto, hoc Julio singulis annis cele- brabatur. Eodem pertinet Catulli carmen xxxv, Diance su- mus in Jide ; quod Sceculare etiam a viris doctis pessime inscribitur ; cum nihil ibi de Sceculo habeatur, isque diu diem obierit ante Ludos Augusti Saeculares. ^f 9- Turn et ii, 17, Ad Mcecenatem cEgrotum^ immani parachronismo ad Horatii annum lv. ultra libri quarti tem- pora ablegant ; idque levi et futili argumento, quod eo anno continua insomnia vexari cceperit Maecenas triennio ante diem fatal em. Quasi vero non plus semel in tarn longa vita aegrotaverit, quern Plinius major vn, 51. perpetua febre ab adolescentia laborasse tradidit. (6) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. 10. Illud vero in Sermone vi, libri 2, Quid, militibus promissa Triquetra, Prcedia Ccesar, an est Itala tellure daturus ? non, ut volunt, ad pugnam Actiacam annumque Flacci xxxv. referendum erat, nee ad Philippensem an- num ve xxiv : quippe de agrorum divisione hie agitur, quae post Siculam de Pompeio victoriam et Lepidi deditionem in Campania alibique facta est, anno Flacci xxxi, ut disertis verbis narrat Dio p. 456, 457- Plutarchus Antonio p. 941 , Paterculus n, 81 ; et Appianus p. 11 76. Alia omnia pari facilitate refutari possent ; sed his fruere et vale. In all this extract, confessedly, we have little more than the result of Bentley , s investigations : the regular process throughout, by which facts and arguments were drawn up into a chronological system, we do not possess. Much less can we venture to say how far the internal evidence on which he so acutely proceeded in demonstrating the dates, turned entirely on facts of a public, or partly on those of a private, nature also. Still, however, one thing to me seems quite undeniable : the system of Bentley remains to this day unshaken from any quarter by legitimate confutation, un- assailed indeed by any regular and systematical attempt to confute it. Whatever in the course of much reading I have hitherto seen, whether totally adverse or in part only contrary, I have found to involve such gross neglect of un- questionable truth, such absurdity springing up in imme- diate consequences ; that seldom has more than one effort of thought been necessary to penetrate and discard it. To the several labours however learned and plausible of Faber, of Dacier, and of Masson, after the decisive judge- ment of Bentley so declared (If 2.), it will not be expected, that any particular attention should be devoted by me. And yet, just as if Masson's accuracy in the Vita Ho- ratii (17^8) had never been disputed, (though he was held CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (7) by Dacier in great contempt,) that work has been quoted with much deference by later editors; and more or less formed on the basis of M 'assorts Vita or of the Chronologia per Consules of Dacier have been those compilations under the title of Q. Horatii Fla-Gci Vita per annos digesta, which have even recently appeared. Amongst the very latest of those who have merely gone in the old path so long trod before them, let not Mitscher- lich, the German editor of the Odes, be overlooked. He wholly rejects the scheme of Bentley, and in his Preface, p. xxi. after daring to pronounce... infirm a omnino Bentleii temporum ratio... he brings forward an objection founded on an allusion to the Cantabri. 3 C. viii. 21. Whoever will turn to the Fasti of Mr. Clinton, b. c. 23. p. 237, mav see how the objection is answered and the credit of Bentley maintained by a touch of the pen from that unrivalled chronologist. I embrace the occasion here offered, to acknowledge the great faithfulness and talent so conspicuous in the recent biography of Bentley ; and on the general question before us, I adopt with much gratification the judgment (perfectly coincident with my own) which the biographer so strongly and comprehensively delivers. " Bentley's scheme of the Tempora Horatiana is con- demned by Mitscherlich, the Leipsic editor : but he is a person of little or no authority ; and in this case he appeals to the life of Horace, by Jani, an abridgement of Masson's, one of those productions to correct the errors of which, Bentley's theory was composed." — Dr. Monk's Life of Bentley, p. 245, 8vo. But whatever excuse I may thus plead for leaving the now obsolete merits of Messrs. Fabei\ Dacier and Masson under "the balance and the rod" in Bentley's hands; (8) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. some distinct notice is unquestionably due to the subsequent name of Monsieur Sanadon, from its being so eminent in the criticism of Horace for right or for wrong. In the year 1728, from the press of Claude Robustel, a Paris, there came forth in two handsome quarto volumes prima specie a very splendid work : Les Poesies d'Horace disposees suivant Fordre chronologique et traduites en Fran- cois : avec des Remarques et des Dissertations critiques. Par le R. P. Sanadon, de la Compagnie de Jesus. The object of Mr. Sanadon avowedly embraces a very bold and radical change. He does not restore (according to the plan in this volume proposed) the Opera Horatiana to that order of books in which it is highly probable at least that they were first published by the poet himself. He revolutionises every thing ; and exults in the magnificent mischief. " De toutes les pieces d'Horace je n'en laisse que trois dans leur ancienne situation."" p. vi. Now I am duly aware that the celebrated D^Orville (in the year 1750) left on record the severest condemnation of this barbarous concern. " Sanadon," he says, " qui nuper Horatium temerario ausu Absyrti instar concidit trunca- vitque, et triviali commentario obruit." D'Orville ad Cha- riton, p. 239. ed. Beck. Klotzius too, in his Lectiones Venusince (1770) » speaks of Sanadon" s conceitedness at once and servile plagiarism in a strong tone of bitterness. Take the following examples : " Sanadonius interpretatur mire, et explicat defenditque ver- sionem perperam, ut fere semper, quoties aliorum animad- versiones non compilavit." p. 321. — " Sanadonio, servilis ingenii homine, cuique nihil magis succedit, quam si Bent- leium aliosque compilat." p. 406. To these severe expressions most probably Dr. Parr refers in the very clever and very playful Letter to Mr. Henry Homer on his projected variorum Edition of Horace. After calling him "a great coxcomb" in one part of it, he CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (9) finally says : " Beware of that rascal Sanation : anti be sure to quote what Klotzius says of him, and I say too. 11 — Dr. Johnstone's Life and Works of Dr. Parr, Vol. i. p. 412. Let me not be understood, however, as wishing to shelter myself under authorities like these from the responsibility of delivering an opinion of my own. From me, the first person who has ventured to print the books of Horace in the order of their original publication, something more in the direct way of reply may naturally be expected; especially as against Sanadon, who proceeding de novo in utter defiance to all and every arrangement of the books as such, has dis- located and dismembered the whole body of the Poet. The compilers of Horace's life, indeed, in allotting such a poem to such a year of it, had very freely violated all respect in any way due to the consideration of collective books suc- cessively published : but no editor before Sanadon had ever on system printed the works of Horace in any other than the common series, or disturbed the common arrangement at all. The two volumes of Sanadon now before me contain 1400 pages, exclusive of the Indices to the Work. To peruse carefully such an extent of translated and critical matter, with a view to examine, detect and refute, would be an Her- culean toil. If according to Bentley (Pref. to Phalar. p. cxi.) a man " may commit more mistakes in five weeks 1 time and in five sheets of paper, than can thoroughly be confuted in fifty sheets and a whole year ;" the complete examination of Sanadon's pages might form the labour of a very long life. A much shorter operation must serve the present purpose. To disable his judgment, in the phrase of Shakspeare, may of itself be sufficient. And to that end let the follow- ing specimens of particular but very gross errors be accepted, instead of a more general and extensive reply. (1 .) With Sanadon, the Epodes (of which he discards the name entirely) are considered as a fifth book of Odes ; (10) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. and they are variously scattered through the mass and mixt multitude of the real Carmina. He thus makes up five books of Odes altogether ; and, as with an Epilogos to the whole, concludes the fifth of them with the last ode of our third book, Exegl monumenlum cere perennius. Now it is most true that the great Muretus in the year 1551 remarks thus on the book EPODON. " Cur Epodos liber hie vocetur, non equidem satis intelligo: ac vidi veterem librum, in quo hie quintus Odarum liber inscribebatur." In his Var, Lect* too, L. in, C. xix, he entitles it expressly thus: " Horatii versus e quin to Odarum illustrati." But at that day, the critical knowledge of Horace was yet in its infancy : and Sanadon stands without excuse for not attend- ing to the Grammatical signification of Epodi, when in all the editions by Cruquzus from the year J. 578 downwards, the old commentaries on Horace had been regularly pub- lished with the commentator's clear and explicit definition of {a) TTfoudbsy and of (£) ettuWs. k. Ibis Liburnis inter alta navium, fi. Amice, propugnacula. That Archilochian metre which from its predominance (and that of others similar) gave in an early century its own ap- pellation to the whole book of Epodes, is not at this day much better understood from Gaisford's Hephcestio, (1810,) pp. 129. 368. or from Hermann's Elementa Doctrince Metricce, (1816,) L. iii. c. xv. than it might have been known for any practical purpose in the year 1578. Of all this, however, Sanadon has shown, if not a profound ignorance, yet a most offensive contempt. His comment on the very first Epode, Ibis Liburnis, &c, he thus introduces, 4,6 Cette Ode est proprement une lettre en vers liriques !" No wonder, that an Editor who found lyric Odes in what CHltOXOI-OOY OV WOKKS. (11) Horace himself denominated (Ep. xiv. 7« & 1 E. xix. 23-25.) Inceptos, ollm promissum carmen, Iambos, should become enamoured of his own inventions and create a chaos accordingly. It is true indeed, that among his lyric odes, Horace has not scrupled to insert some pieces in a metre not strictly lyric: as, 1 C. iv, vn, viii, xxviii ; 2 C. xviii ; 3 C. xu ; 4 C. vn. But then among the Epodes there is nothing lyrical whatsoever ; of itself, surely, a decisive fact, that to the odes, a higher class of poetry, he did not devote his mind at all till a later period. And here it may be observed, that the word carmen, though specifically applied to lyric odes, as 2 E. n, 59- Carmine tu gaudes : hie delectatur Iambis. — yet is appli- cable, as in the line above quoted, even to Iambic verse, that in the Epodes ; and that in the Epistle to Augustus, v. 85, media inter carmina, means that the drama was interrupted. Let no conclusion therefore be drawn from the use of that word, independently of circumstances in the context to determine its character. (2.) In the whole personal history of Horace, if one spot be marked with brighter joy than another, it must be the auspicious day of his migration into the Sabine Valley : that day formed an era in the happiness, in the moral as well as literary character of his life. Henceforth, of course, we find him much less resident at Rome ; and when occasionally there, annoyed with matters of business, invisa negotia, 1 E. xiv. 17, and, aliena, 2 S. vi, 33, on the Esquiline, to a much greater degree than before ; or at any rate he likes so to represent it. All that new delight of his in the rus and villula among the Sabines, in the scenery which adorned his estate, and in the shrewd and virtuous people into whose society it threw him, Horace exquisitely describes in the vith Satire of the 2d book. (12) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. Hoc erat in votis, 8[C. The more so from its contrast with the plagues and vex- ations of the great city ; which he touches with such play- ful impatience, 2 S. vi. 20-23. Matutine pater.. Romae sponsorem, &c, or still later in life, 2 E. II. 65, 6. me Romsene poemata censes Scribere posse, inter tot curas totque labores ? The whole passage to v. ^5, is full of characteristic matter, not only as to those annoyances peculiar to Horace, but as to the general distraction and bustle in the streets of the metropolis. And yet the good natured, kind hearted man, when he had only his house at Rome, with a small establishment, not very rich, but cheerful enough and content, delighted too with the humility of his condition, made a maximum of his comforts there ; before he even dreamed apparently of any higher pleasures, better suited to his genius and taste, to be enjoyed in a different locality, and under very different cir- cumstances. The vi th Satire of the 1st book. Non quia Maecenas, fyc, which describes his familiar day at Rome, is not less exquisite in its way, not less fraught with characteristic and entertaining narration, than the vith of the 2d book. Will it be believed, except on ocular inspection, that Sanadon has committed the monstrous uo-regov Trgorsgov of placing Hoc erat in votis before Non quia, Maecenas, making the latter 1. 2. Sat. 8. and the former 1. 1. Sat. 7- hi his Nouvelle distribution ! (3.) The six Odes i, it, hi, iv, v, vi, of the third book of Horace, written in one common metre and wonderfully agreeing in a well sustained high didactic tone of moral, re- ligious, patriotic sentiment, with that striking prelude to the whole, Odi profanum vulgus, #c, must impress on every CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (13) sensible mind a deep feeling of solemn grandeur, varied by amenity, and pathos, and fine imagination. If therefore any juxta- position of Odes preserved in all MSS. and editions, might command reverence from an editor of Horace ; Odes like these six could not possibly suffer violation by being torn asunder. Sanadon disjoins these six Alcaic Odes from one another entirely, and has not left even any two of them in any connection or contiguity whatsoever ! (4.) On minute examination it has been ascertained, (vid. Treatise on Metres, No. xix.), that in the third line of the Alcaic Stanza, 2 Specimens of this structure, Hunc Lesbio | sacrare plectro. with 3 of this , Regumque matres | barbarorum. and 8 of this , Pronos relabi | posse | rivos. are contained in \he first and second books of Odes ; while in the third and fourth books, as they commonly stand, not one instance is now to be seen of a verse so constructed in any of those ways. Surely no argument can be more striking, than this plain fact is, to demonstrate, that Horace after publishing the 1st and 2d books of Odes, was by some cause or suggestion led to consult his ear with acuter delicacy than before ; so that he vigilantly ever after guarded the third line, the key-stone of the Alcaic stanza, against modes of structure, which his improved sense of harmony condemned. Briefly to place the matter in the strongest light, no other hypothesis will account for the phenomena. In this nice predicament, what part does Sanadon play ? The truth is, that such exactness of metrical observation was unknown in his time : and we must acquit him on the charge of neglecting distinctionsj not then brought into notice. But for all that excuse, the main ground of conviction re- mains the same. Sanadon, in his Nouvelle distribution. (V4) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION". acts ignorantly on this behalf, but he acts grossly wrong also : for those Odes marked with the faulty structure he has scattered promiscuously over the later books in his arrangement and over the earlier, very much alike. No difference is known ; no discrimination is preserved. Need one say more ? And here with these proofs of his judg- ment disabled, let us take our leave of Mr. Sanadon for the present. The strange and accumulated mistakes in which the personal history of Horace has been long involved, it would be an irksome task to discuss one by one in detail. The most important of them, however, shall be duly noticed in the course of these pages ; and the whole mass will be put into a way for ultimate clearance. It may be too much to assert that the publication of the books of Horace in the original series of succession will at once set all other things right : yet there can be no doubt, but the wrong, unnatural, confused order, in which his works have hitherto been ex- hibited, has given rise to a great portion of all the errors existing at this day. And so long as the common arrange- ment shall continue to influence the train of thought by the order of perusal, it will be difficult if not impossible to over- come that proneness to false combinations, which the work- ing on a distorted view must of necessity create. But when once that disorder is banished and the natural succession restored, then the mind, instead of being misguided by the mechanical progress of the hand and the eye, will be by that progress directed and sustained all along in tracing the personal and poetical history of Horace. All the stages of his career will then develope themselves in beautiful transition : especially, the Parian Iambics of the Sabine Poet will precede as they ought, the Sapphic and Alcaic stanzas of the Lyrist of Tivolh CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (1*5) Let us now proceed to exemplify by a few striking in- stances what absurdity is involved in the common order of the books of Horace being taken for the true one, and what immediate congruity on the other hand arises from observing the arrangement of Bentley . (1.) Horace in the ivth Satire of his 1st book, vv. 39— 55. shows a great anxiety to disclaim all pretence to the higher character of a poet : and well he might, without any mock modesty, disavow it. At that early period of his life and writings, he had nothing to ground the claim upon, ex- cept the limited publication of a few satires, and the farther promise of talent in that particular vein. But hear what M. Dacier says, as reported by Di% Francis, "54. Ergo | Non satis est puris version perscribere verbis-. M. Dacier thinks, that Horace would not have been s© modest with regard to his Satires, and so fearful of prosti- tuting the name of poet, if he had not secured his own right to it by his Odes." Hear next M. Sanadon. (Vol. n. p. 169.) M 39. Primum ego me iUorum, dederim guibus esse poetic Excerpam nwmero* Horace s'etoit deja assure par ses odes le nom de Poete^ ainsi il ne risque rien a se degrader pour ses satires. Sa modestie n'en est que plus grande, et cette vertu ne sauroit etre petite dans un poete, pourvu quVlle soit bien sincere.'" No exposure can make blunders like these more ridiculous : they cannot be aggravated by any comment. Pere Hardouin, on the contrary, (Vid. Klotzii Lectiones Venusinae, pp. 15, 39, 40. 177^?) wno amongst many paradoxes maintained this, Horatii Poetce nihil superesse genuinum, prceter Epistolas et Sermones, draws a very different conclusion out of the verses before us. (16) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. neque enim concludere versum Dixeris esse satis : neque, si quis scribat, uti nos, Sermoni propiora, putes hunc esse poetam. From this passage, Hardouin very ingeniously and justly concludes, Horatium se nullas odas scripsisse prqfiteri : nothing in itself more true at that time. But the good Father too hastily assumed, that the Odes if written by Horace at all, had been written as their collocation to him indicated, at some period prior to that of the Satires. Hardouin would have been disarmed of at least one argu- ment, perhaps in his opinion a very strong one ; if he had ever viewed the books of Horace in the order of their original publication. (2.) If there be any truth in Bentley's calculations, the 2d book of these Satires was collectively published not later than the year b. c. 32. If there be any faith in the Fasti Hellenici, the restoration of the Roman Eagles from Parthia did not take place earlier than the year B. c. 20. Horace (2 S. 1. 10 — 15) when thus urged by his learned friend Trebatius, Aut si tantus amor scribendi te rapit, aude Caesaris invicti res dicere, rau ta laborum Prsemia laturus. declines the task with much elegance and address, on the ground of inability to describe the scenes of heroic warfare. cupidum, pater optime, vires Deficiunt ; neque enim qui vis horrentia pilis Agmina, nee fracta pereuntes cuspide Gallos, Aut labentis equo describat vulnera Parthi. The Parthians and Gauls, from having been the principal objects of dread to the Roman armies, are the nations selected to furnish, each of them, a very tremendous image of battle ; with a tacit reference perhaps to the exploits of Marius at a distant period and of Ventidius on a later occasion, b. c. 39- CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (17) What is the remark of Baxter on this passage ? " 15. Bene Mentis equo : nam Parthorum pugna fere erat equestris. Apposuit autem ista, quo gratificaretur Augusto, ob recepta sign a Marco Crasso adempta." Anachronism and confusion like this might be expected from Baxter. One may wonder that the cautious and accurate Gesner should interpose no correction of it. But neither is he found always faithful to his qualified declaration of agreement with Bentley. Hoc certe confirmare possum, me, dum recenseo singulas Eclogas, diligenter attendisse, si quid esset Bentleianis tem- porum rationibus adversum, nee deprehendisse quidquam, quod momentum aliquod ad earn evertendam haberet ; licet quibusdam Eclogis non improbabili ratione forte tempus etiam aliud, recentius praesertim, possit adscribi. The clearness of view which arises from placing the Satires before the Epodes, and the Epodes before the Odes, cannot be denied, The advantage to be derived from Bentley's arrangement in placing the 4th book of Odes after the 1st book of Epistles, may not perhaps be quite so evident. One example or two will serve to show the im- portance of that distribution. There is an intellectual as well as a linear perspective. And some space for time and thought must be allowed to intervene : or in the case of great moral and political changes taking place, without the aid of that interval, very often all the probabilities of expectation will be shocked. Thus, if seven or eight years are considered to elapse betwixt the average date of the 3d book of Odes and the publication of the 4th ; even in the omens of moral improvement displayed in the latter we shall see nothing extravagant, in those of political alteration we shall see the highest credibility. (18) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. N In the vith Ode of the 3d book, Horace traces the vice and immorality which he there laments, to the pre- dominance of luxury and corruption, which no Censorian regulations could control : and in the xxivth Ode, impressed with the very same feeling (vv. 35, 6.) he exclaims, Quid leges sine rnoribus Vanae proficiunt ? But in the vth Ode of the 4th book (addressed to Augustus) he piously exults in the blessings of a new era ; and by the very phrase (v. 22.) adopted there, he recalls in contrast that vicious state of social life which now seemed to be past or to be passing away. Mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas. Then again, in the xvth Ode of the same book, with what energy does he hail the revival of the virtues under the reign of a reforming Prince ! Tua, Caesar setas — et ordinem Rectum evaganti fraena licentiae Injecit, emovitque culpas, Et veteres revocavit artes. In the year b. c. 24, Augustus came home from the Cantabrian war : Horace, catching a happy allusion to the heroic wanderings of Hercules, congratulates the com- monalty of Rome on the victorious return of their sovereign. Herculis ritu modo dictus, O Plebs, Morte venalem petiisse laurum Caesar, Hispana repetit penates Victor ab ora. 3 C. xiv. Here Sanadon (at times so acute and intelligent) condemns at once the opening line of this Ode ; and betrays exactly what Dr. Parr would call the coxcomb, in the following remark. O Plebs.} On ne peut disconvenir que ce vers n'est pas le meilleur de la piece. Cette chute est assommante, et je ne pardonne point a notre Poete d'avoir si mal debute. The fact is, that Sanadon saw nothing here beyond the CHRONOLOGY OF WORKS. (19) surface. Augustus, tribunus plebis, be it remembered, and plebi gratior quam optimatibus, had been very dangerously ill in Spain : Me rumor (of course) plebem maxime terruit* Klotz. p. 317- the commons were trembling for the loss of their protector : the nobility caught at the chance of regain- ing their old ascendancy in the state. Or take it from the Argumentum of the Ode, as it stands in Gesner's edition. Bello Cantabrico maximus erat novo- rum tumultuum a partibus Optimatium metus, ob diutur- nam Augusti Tarracone decumbentis valetudinem. Illo igitur jam domum reverso, publicas ferias Palatio universal que Plebi Horatius indicit. Several conspiracies a formed against the life of that Prince are recounted by Suetonius in D. Oct. Cass. Au- gusto, § xix. But the most affecting story of the kind is that related by Seneca, of China's desperate design... won occidere, sed immolare : nam sacrificantem placuerat adoriri. The recorded exclamation of Augustus carries a point with it, which renders all comment unnecessary. Ego sum nobilibus adolescentibus eocpositum caput, in quod mucr ones acu ant ! Seneca de Clementia, i. 9. Turn now to the 4th book of Odes : imagine the lapse of a few eventful years, say from b.c. 24 to the year 15, when Augustus yet remained in Gaul ; and then, in the absence of all alarm, mark the lofty tone . of pride and security, and the oblivion of all political distinctions. ii. 50. Non semel dicemus, Io triumphe ! | Civitas omnis* v. 1 — 8. Divis orte bonis, optime Romulse Custos gentis, abes jam nimium diu : Maturum reditum pollicitus Palrum Sancto concilio, redi. Lucem redde tuae, dux bone, patriae : Instar veris enim vultus ubi tuus * For " the conspiracy and death of Murena" &c, &c, vide Fast. Helkn^ B.C. 22. C 2 (20) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. Adfulsit populo ; gratior it dies, Et soles melius intent. xiv, 1 — 5. Quae cura Patrum, quseve Quiritmm 9 Plenis honorum muneribus tuas, Auguste, virtutes in aevum Per titulos memoresque fastos internet ? O qua Sol &c. PART IL LOCALITIES. To understand the writings of Horace with complete satisfaction in those parts which at all involve his personal history, the knowledge of his actual residences will be found similarly useful, if not equally necessary, as the correct distribution of his books in their original order. His localities, indeed, when rightly ascertained, are so directly connected with the Chronology and just arrange- ment of his works ; that even Bentley's masterly calcula- tion may derive support from a careful development of the scenes of his residence, hitherto partially or erroneously stated. For the sake of clearness in what follows, though it be in part anticipating, let the principal places in which I believe Horace to have resided after his return from Philippi, be here at once laid before the reader. At an early period, then, he had beyond all dispute a house in Rome, (on the higher ground of that city, Fuge quo descendere gestis. 1 E. xx, 5.) which during his life time he appears to have kept : by the liberality of Maecenas LOCALITIES. (21) not long after, he was possessed of a rus and villula in the Sabine valley : and charmed with the scenery of Tibur, which on his way from Rome into the Sabine country he often halted to admire, he finally became master of a cottage with a garden to it in the precincts of Tibur or as it is now called Tivoli. It was on this latter spot, if I may be allowed to antici- pate, that he dedicated the pine-tree to Diana, (3 C. xxn. Montium custos...) in an ode remarkable also for its conti- guity in position to that beautiful ode to Phidyle, Ceelo su- pinas . . . which will be found to bear such decisive evidence to the very same locality. May we not also with some probability suppose, that of the two passages in which a fondness for building is imputed to Horace, the first, 2 S. in, 308. JEdificas, &c, must be referred to the new erection or repairs required for his comfort in the Sabine valley ; while the second, 1 E. 1, 100. Diruit, cedijlcat, &c, written at a latter period, naturally carries our thoughts to improve- ments at Tivoli, in which he might then be engaged. And here at setting out, let me avow that I feel no scruple in imputing the first great source of confusion and error to that unlucky expression in the Life attributed to Sueto- nius. " Vixit plurimum in secessu ruris sui Sabini aut Ti- burtini: domusque ejus ostenditur circa Tiburni luculum." And the phrase itself, Sabini aut Tiburtini, had its origin, there can be no doubt, in the Iambic Scazons of Catullus Ad Fundum. xl. O Funde noster, seu Sabine, seu Tiburs, Nam te esse Tiburtem autumant, quibus non est Cordi Catullum laedere ; at quibus cordi est, Quovis Sabinum pignore esse coutendunt. The author, whoever he was, of that Life, apparently quite ignorant of the Sabine valley, never seems to have sup- posed, that Horace had any rural residence except at Tivoli, (22) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. or any property and estate except in that place or just across the Sabine border. Mr. Gifford, indeed, in his preface to Persius, considers the lives under the name of Suetonius as compilations from different Scholia of unequal value. But allowing Suetonius himself to have been the author, yet even he lived and wrote a full century after the death of Horace. And to a spot in Horace's own time evidently so little known and frequented as the vale of Digentia, (now called Licenza,) unless Sueto- nius had gone from curiosity and on purpose, it was very improbable in the common course of things that he should ever pay a visit at all ; situated as that spot was in the mountains, fifteen miles above Tivoli, and four miles out of the line of the Via Valeria. In the course too of a hundred years or more, the inhabitants of a place circumstanced like Tivoli, might very easily lose all account of the Poet's estate and habitation lying so far out of their way; of his residence on their own spot the tradition, if founded in truth, was little likely for a very long time to be forgotten. The words therefore, domusque ejus ostenditur circa Tiburni luculum, whenever written, show expressly that the people of Tivoli continued to claim the honour of having had Horace as a sojourner, and to point out with pride the very house in which he lived. It is true, that the site of the Poet's dwelling cannot now be determined with anything more than probable conjecture : but what has that difficulty at this day to do with the distinct tradition of the second or third century ? Ages upon ages of change and revolution since then have made sad havock with the palaces as with the cottages of Tivoli. The second great source of dispute and difficulty is of a more recent date and rises in a contrary direction to the former. The Life imputed to Suetonius seemed to fix the rus with the domus of Horace at Tivoli or in its immediate neighbourhood. When therefore the Avvocato D. Domenico LOCALITIES. (23) de Sanctis a first, and after him the Abbe Capmartin de Chaupy b , had succeeded in demonstrating once for all that the hus and the villa lay in the Sabine vale of Licenza ; our obligation to the rival discoverers would have been com- plete, and all would have ended delightfully well, if they had been content to stop there. But led astray by their favourite conceit of unicity, Satis beatus unicis Sabinis. 2 C. xvni. 14. (which in the Poet^s meaning carried only unicity of rus or Estate,} they proceeded to demolish every vestige of pro- perty, or of habitation involving property, any where else ; of course therefore house and garden at Tivoli entirely disappear. But without such a residence granted to the Poet, there will soon be occasion to show, that we shall be constantly at fault in the localities of his poetry ; from the ist Ode of the 1st book, Me gelidum nemus, Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori, Secernunt populo. to the md Ode of the 4th, Sed quae Tibur aqua fertile prsefiuunt, Et spissne nemorum comae, Fingent jEolio carmine nobilem. In the meanwhile, as it is far more gratifying to the inge= nuous enquirer, to acknowledge himself anticipated, than to wrangle for prior title or to assert originality, in ascertain- ing the truth ; I bring forward with pride a third authority a Dissertaxione della Villa di Oraxio Flacco, in Ravenna, 1784, is perhaps the latest edition. It first appeared at Rome in 1761, and a second time in 1768. b Decouverte de la Makon de Campagne d % Horace, 3 Vol. a Rome 1767, 1769. (24) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. on this Tivoline question, decisively in agreement with every previous judgment and notion of my own. The learned Signori Abbati Cabral, e del Re a , in their Ricerche delle Ville, &c. della Cittd e del Territorio di Tivoli. Roma. 1779» Cap. iii. par. 1. § 5. and in their Nuove Ricerche, pag. 94. maintain the existence there of a Villa of Horace, but consisting only in un tenue rural soggiomo in un Casino entro un Orto. A modest rural abode, a Cottage within a garden, there, is precisely, after his house at Rome and his Villa in the Sabine country, the one place needful to complete the Poet's list of accommodations; equally needful, let me add, to render his writings, especially the Odes, intelligible and consistent to an inquisitive reader. My own mind unquestionably was first set a thinking on the subject of his Tivoline residence by that noble emenda- tion of Nicholas Hardinge ; which comes down to us recom- mended by Markland, approved by Bentley, and applauded by Parr. Eripe te morae ; Ut semper-udum Tibur et ^Esulee Declive contempleris arvum et Telegoni juga parricidae. 3 C. xxix. 5— 8. That emendation itself I first saw in Markland's Explica- tiones veterum aliquot auctorum (p. 258 — 267) subjoined to his edition of the Supplices Mulieres : but having since read the suggested change in a Letter from Nicholas Hardinge to a friend of his then making the tour of Italy I prefer to record it here in the very words of that Vir ca~ pitalis ingenii, as he is justly styled by Markland in the passage referred to. " Ne semper udum, &c, I suspect to be a false reading in all the Editions and MSS." a Vid. Domenico de Sanctis, u. s. p. 33. and in Risposta all' Appendice dei Signori Abb. Cabral, e del Re, p. 3. LOCALITIES. (25) 11 For as Horace invites Maecenas from Rome to his Tibur, it seems inconceivable that he should press him to make haste, lest he should be always taking a view of Tibur. How much properer would it have been to recommend his de- parture from Rome that he might enjoy the scenes of Tibur ! I therefore change NE to UT. N. H." To a great variety of disquisitions, more or less intelligent and entertaining on this text and on the topics naturally connected with it, the references below given a will direct the reader; if any of the books happen to be within his reach. But here it may be as well to add, however, that the combin- ation of semper with udum, so essential to the establish- ment of the new reading, is happily defended not only in general by his own expression, (1. E. xviii, 98,) Nee te semper-inops agitet vexetque cupido ; but by the specific authority of Ovid where he describes his natalia rura. — Fasti iv, 686. Parva sed assiduis uvida semper aquis. Having thus secured the compliment due to an Etonian and King's man for starting the question so vitally important to the Lyric bard of Tivoli, I shall not however proceed on credit taken for his emendation being true : I shall rather appeal for corroboration of its truth to the internal evidence which the 1st, 2d, and 3d books of Odes, the 1 st book of Epistles, and the 4th book of Odes in that order, all con- tribute to yield, not only of Horace's often visiting Tivoli, but of his residing in that quiet town very much and often during a great part of his latter days. i. me gelidum nemus, Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori Secernunt populo. 1 C. i. 30 — 32. a Nichols's Illustrations of the Literary History of the xvinth century, Vol. i. p. 654. pp. 720—736 — Poems, Latin, Greek and English by N. Hardinge, pp. 222— 236.— Classical Journal. No. xxxn. pp. 383—387- J. T.— Gentleman's Magazine, April, 1818. pp. 291, 2. J. T. (26) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. n. Me nee tarn patiens Lacedaemon, Nee tarn Larissae percussit campus opimae, Quam domus Albuneae resonantis, Et prceceps Anio, ac Tibumi lucus, et uda Mobilibus pomaria rivis. 1 C. vn. 10 — 14. in. Tibur Argeo positum colono Sit meae sedes utinam senectae ; Sit modus lasso maris et viarum Militiaeque. 2 C. VI. 5—8. iv. Vester, Camoenae, vester in arduos Tollor Sabinos ; seu mibi frigidum Praeneste, seu Tibur supinum, Seu liquidae placuere Baiae. 3 C. iv. 21—24. v. Parvum parva decent : mibi jam non regia Roma, Sed vacuum Tibur placet ; aut imbelle Tarentum. 1 E. vii. 44, 5. vi. Romae Tibur amem ventosus, Tibur e Romam. 1 E. vin. 12. (just as at an earlier period of life, he accused himself of oscillating betwixt his Rus and Rome. Romce rus optas, absentem rusticus urbem Tollis ad astra levis. 2 S. vn. 28, 9.) vii. ego apis Matinae More modoque Grata carpentis thyma per laborem Plurimum, circa nemus uvidique Tiburis ripas, operosa parvus Carmina fingo. 4 C. n. 27 — 32. vin. Sed quae Tibur agues fertile praefluunt, Et spissce nemorum comce^ Fingent iEolio carmine nobilem. 4 C. in. 10 — 12. Surely, an accumulation of proofs like these, leaves no ground for any reasonable doubt. The woods and the waters, the cool groves of Tivoli, fashioned and inspired the soul of the Poet ; while the amenity of its scenes with the retired quietness of the town, attached his heart to the place. He had a hortus there and a domus within it (4 C. xi. 2. 6.), LOCALITIES. (27) and his mu/idce cue me, parvo sub lare (3 C. xxix. 14 — 16.), were calculated to smooth the brow of the statesman Mae- cenas. And to his ramblings, when first a resident at Tivoli, with such delight amid that romantic scenery — ( per lucos, amcenae Quos et aquae subeunt et auras. 3 C. iv. 7, 8. we are clearly indebted for Horace 1 s assuming a poetical character entirely new, in the translation to the Romance fidicen lyrce (4 C. in. 23.) from the writer of Satires and Epodes only. In one word, then, on his own express authority, on that spot, and at that time, his lyric writings had their actual commencement. Two out of the eight passages, here adduced, on which I rely for the establishment of Horace as a sojourner at Tivoli, may in that view justify a more particular notice. His invitation (No. in.) to Septimius has been well illus- trated by the late Mr. George Hardinge. (Nichols. Lite- rary History, u. s. p. 732.) " Horace begins by telling him that he knows his friend would accompany him to the remotest and wildest part of the world : Septimi, Gades aditure mecum, et Cantabrum indoctum juga ferre nostra, et Barbaras Syrtes, ubi Maura semper iEstuat unda. " Of course he should be equally desirous to accompany his friend : but he means to decline it, and he is to give the reason for it, which is, that he wishes for no Tarentum, unless driven from Tibur. The Ode in any other sense would be unintelligible, and the wish for Tibur absurd, especially with a reference to his old age, which had not then arrived," &c. &c. That Alcaic Stanza (No. iv.) forms quite a locus clas- sicus in the personal history of Horace. (28) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. Vester Carncenae, vester in arduos Tollor Sabinos ; seu mihi frigidum Prceneste, seu Tibur supinum, Seu liquidce placuere Baioe. For such were his four peculiar places out of Rome, of usual residence or occasional resort. The first was his Sabine villa and estate in the vale of Licenza ; after Chaupy and Domenico de Sanctis, described and verified (as it should have been sooner told) by Mr. Bradstreet, in the " Sabine Farm,'" 1810. The second spot refreshed him by its coolness in the dog days, sometimes : in one summer, it bequeathed to our instruction that delightful Epistle (1 E. ii.), Trojani belli scriptorem, maxime Lolli, 3[C. To the fourth, his resort on the Campanian shore, he betook himself, often perhaps, for its fine mild air in winter. Quod si bruma nives Albanis illinet agris, Ad mare descendet vates tuus, et sibi parcet. 1 E. vn. 10, 11. The third scene, long and early admired, from being fre- quently visited, became at last one of his two favourite and regular places of residence out of Rome. For there is not the shadow of evidence, to rank on the same level with Tivoli as an habitation, either Prceneste, the mere aestiva delicice of our Poet, or Baiee resorted to for its warm climate and its baths ; least of all the distant Tarentum, deeply beloved, much talked of, but very seldom visited. Tarentum, indeed, if he were to change from Tivoli, we have just seen he would prefer to all places for his resi- dence. And yet, of any actual visit to that spot, though so well known, with its peculiar charm ; ver ubi longum tepidasque praebet | Jupiter brumas. 2 C. vi. 17, 18. he has bequeathed no memorandum whatever. None of his writings exhibit the slightest indications of having been written there ; nor any where on the coast in winter does he LOCALITIES. (29) seem to have used his pen at all : Contract usque leget, are his own words, 1 E. vn. 12, when meditating to go down to the sea, most probably to Baiae. Let me not be considered as dwelling too long on this investigation of the Poet's principal localities. Or shoald it be asked, in what way those points when determined, can give aid towards the illustration of Horace, the following examples with the deductions arising out of them may serve at present for a reply. (1.) For the entire separation of Horace's residence in the Sabine valley, not only from his house at Rome, but from his humble mansion at Tivoli, we are very much in- debted to the information conveyed in his xivth Epistle. As the picture of country life in all its simplicity and in- nocence which the 2d Epode (Beatus tile, fyc.) presents, was in its general character drawn from Horace's personal know- ledge and observation in the vale of Licenza ; so we may with the greater zest enjoy the moral repose in those of his writings which bear the stamp of that valley, as the subject at once and the scene of composition. Now that Epistle (the xivth) to his Villicus, besides much that it tells us not otherwise known of Horace in Rure suo and of his employments there, most fortunately tells us also, from what pests or pleasures that abode of Sabine virtue was free. w. 21 — 26. fornix tibi et uncta popina Incutiunt Urbis desiderium, video ; et quod Angulus iste feret piper et tus ocius uva ; Nee vicina subest vinum praebere taberna Quae possit tibi ; nee meretrix tibicina, cujus Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis, &c. In consequence of this discovery, for in its application I believe it so to be, we are enabled directly to mark the scene of several of his writings as limited either to Rome or to (30) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. Tivoli ; and thus we distinguish, very often with little difficulty, what the great city allowed him to write from what the vacuum Tibur suggested or inspired. Look at the light and elegant Ode to Phyllis. 4 C. xi. vv. 2, 3. Est in horto, | Phylli, nectendis apium coronis, &c. But he had no hortus at Rome; as the same Epistle testifies, vv. 41, 2. invidet usum Lignorum et pecoris tibi calo argutus et horti : therefore this Ode was not written in that city. Horace goes on thus : vv. 34, 5. condisce modos, amanda j Voce quos reddas. But here is the meretrix tibicina, or a lady hardly of purer quality : therefore it was not written in the valley. Of course Tivoli was the scene of this gay celebration of Maecenas's birth-day. (2.) Let us proceed to place in the true light that beautiful Ode with its rational piety, Cro\)i\i8 frondere Tarentum. From this passage, M. Chaupy, (Vol. 1. p. 335,) in defi- ance of Sanadon and the common interpreters, avowedly so, maintains that Horace's estate was richly productive of olives, grapes, and other fine fruits also. Now, in good truth, if from these lines (liable enough, perhaps, if taken alone, to be misunderstood) we had to gain our only intelli- gence on the subject, the continui montes with the opacd d2 (36) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. valle in that high elevation might indeed be pleaded against the probable culture of the vine : and still it could not palpably be made out, that the cornfield, the meadow, and the wood with its wild fruits, really constituted the whole income of our Poet's estate. But from the definite object on which the great pains were taken, the improvement and extension of his arable land, 1 E. xiv. 3, 4. Certemus, spinas aniraone ego fortius, an tu Evellas agro : &c. 39. Rident vicini glebas et saxa moventem. 26-28. ■ et tamen urgues Jampridem non facta ligonibus arva, bovernque Disjunctum curas, et strictis frondibus exples. And here may we not remark, that the ilex of 1 E. xvi. 9. and the bovem disjunctum of 1 E. xiv. 27 5 8, both clearly in the Sabine valley, and answering to the fessis romere tauris and ilicem of the ode to Bandusia, 3 C. xin. 11, 14. incidentally corroborate the truth of the locality assigned in these pages to that fountain ? From a detail of facts like these, we may well conclude, that the Poet's answer to Quintius might have briefly stood thus. Arvo pascit herurn. For though it is true, that the meadow would on all accounts possess its natural value, 29, 30. Addit opus pigro rivus, si decidit imber, Multa mole docendus aprico parcere prato. unquestionably, however, the ground in tillage formed the most profitable source of revenue and nearly the whole of it. 3 C. xvi. 29—32. Puree rivus aqua, silvaque jugerum Paucorum, et segetis certa fides mese, " Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africae Fallit sorte beatior. LIFE AND CHARACTER. (37) Let thus much then suffice to show the clear and indisputable connexion betwixt the localities of Horace and the right understanding of many other most important points in his writings or in his character. PART III. LIFE AND CHARACTER. A sketch of the principal facts and circumstances in the early life of Horace, especially where that tends to illustrate the formation of his character as afterwards seen in his writings, shall next be attempted. The father of Horace, after having gained his freedom in the family from which that distinguished name was derived to his son, was doubtless for many years afterwards in the laborious and profitable office (1 S. vi. 86.) of a Coactor at sales by auction ; and had gathered together a considerable property by success in that employment. At this period of the Roman Commonwealth, the condi- tion of the Libertini was fast rising to that importance on account of its wealth, which afterwards excited so much indignation in the Ingenui, whose poverty was embittered by their pride: an indignation, be it observed, neither merited nor reasonable. Whoever now reads in Tully (Offices. L. i. C. 42.) Jam de artificiis et qucestibus qui liberates habendi, qui sordidi sint, fyc, will in a moment discern, that so many lucrative and not necessarily dis- graceful employments, given up entirely to men of servile origin, must have lowered and lessened the class of old citizens without raising a class of new to occupy their rank and their influence in the state : the vacuum in fact was very imperfectly and very unhappily filled up. (38) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. The topic here started is full of matter for curious and interesting investigation : whether on the one hand we suppose that several ingenious arts, being already introduced into Rome in the persons of slaves, would only very slowly be admitted as objects of liberal pursuit ; or reflect, on the other hand, that the system ofclientela, however well it might work in an earlier stage of the commonwealth, at a later period could only tend to keep the clientes too proud to gain what we should call an honest and reputable livelihood, so long as they were able barely to live on the allowance made by the patroni. Hence the pride of caste was maintained, but at the cost of all manly independence : and in the client whom Juvenal describes thus subsisting as the poor gentle- man of his day, we see the miserable wreck of Roman freedom, and of all the higher virtues by which it was once adorned. Sat. 1. 117 — 120. Sed cum summus honor nnito computet anno, Sportula quid referat, quantum rationibus addat, Quid facient comites, quibushinc toga^ calceus hincest, Et panis fumusque domi ? Among the Libertini upon record it might be difficult to point out any one person entitled to a higher degree of respect than Horace the elder. And in the year b. c. 66, (when the Mithridatic war was committed to Pompey by the Manilian law,) we may probably enough fix that worthy man's marriage and establishment in the neighbourhood of Venusia upon the Z,ar et Fundus (2 E. n. 52.), in which he had invested the whole of his honest acquisitions. On that estate then, not far from the town of Venusia, apparently very near to the river Aufidus, 4 C ix. 2. Longe sonantem natus ad Aufidum, vi to Idus Decembres. Dec. 8. b. c. 65, the great Roman Poet, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, was born ; who more than once in his writings, while he distinctly marks the place of his birth, records it as inauspicious for any chance of poetic fame to the native of a spot so rude and obscure. LIFE AND CHARACTER. (39) 3 C. xxx. 10—14. Dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus, ex humili potens, Princeps Solium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos. Of course, potens here is interpreted of Horace in that higher sense which the words, Virtus et favor et lingua po- tentium | Vatum. 4. C. viii. 26, 7- so aptly convey, and which sense of potency Horace in fact claims to himself in the very next ode, vv. 30, 1, when he thus addresses Lol- li us; — non ego te meis | Chartis inornatum silebo, &c. 4 C. ix. 1 — 4. Ne forte credas interitura, quae Longe sonantem natus ad Aufidum Non ante vulgatas per artes Verba loquor socianda chordis. We find him, however, in a passage to which the emend- ation Ar gives (vid. R. B. in loc.) gives the required distinction and contrast, combine even with an epithet of his local origin, a designation of proud eminence as the lyric poet of Rome. 4 C. vi. 25. Doctor Argivce fidicen Thaliae Phoebe, qui Xantho lavis omne crines, Dauniae defende decus Camoenae, Levis Agyieu. In b. c. 63. (the year famous for the Consulship of Tully and the Plot of Catiline) there came to Rome where he taught, " majore fama quam emolumento !" a very celebrated Schoolmaster; Orbilius Pupillus Beneventanus, better known as the Plagosus Orbilius (2 E. i. 70, 1.) under whose chastising hand Horace, on being carried from his native place to that city, was destined first to smart and to learn. No idea is here entertained of hitting the exact year for that extraordinary incident which marked the childhood of Horace : but some aid may be given to memory, if b. c. 60. be assumed for it, the year of the first triumvirate, that be- twixt Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. (40) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. " In sooth," almost from his cradle, young Horace " was no vulgar boy ; " if we may credit his own story, with the interpretation of it by the neighbours attached to circum- stances of so surprising and delightful a nature. In the spring therefore, b. c. 60. (in the spring, for it was novdfronde) when Horace was a few months beyond his fourth year complete, that danger and deliverance befel him in his adventurous wanderings, which no pen should de- scribe but his own. 3 C. iv. 9 — 20. Me fabulosse Volture in Appulo, Altricis extra limen Apuliae, Ludo fatigatumque somno, Fronde nova puerum palumbes Texere : mirnm quod foret omnibus, Quicunique celsae nidura Acherontize, Saltusque Bantinos, et arvum Pingue tenent humilis Ferenti ; Ut tuto ab atris corpore viperis Dormirem et ursis ; ut premerer sacra Lauroque, collataque myrto, Non sine Dis animosus infans. How beautifully after this follows, how triumphantly indeed ! Vester, Camcenae, vester in arduos Tollor Sabinos ; &c. &c. An accident, which at a much later period of life befel him in agro Sabino, may yet without impropriety be noticed here; inasmuch as he gratefully attributes his protection from that danger also to the favour of divine agency. The event alluded to produced at the time an ode, itself no mean specimen of the triumph of poetry, (2 C. xin.) if we trace the progress of fine reflection and splendid imagery from its opening, Ille et nefasto te posuit die, to its close Nee curat Orion leones, Aut timidos agitare lyncas. LIFE AND CHARACTER. (41) The impression on his mind was altogether deep and awful. Accordingly, in that affectionate address to his pa- tron, Cur me qiierelis, &c. (2 C. xvn), with Maecenas's recovery from illness and the loud joy on his reappearance in public, cum populus frequens Laetum theatris ter crepuit sonum. is associated his own happy rescue as deserving of similar remark, Me truncus illapsus cerebro Sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum Dextra levasset, Mercurialium Custos virorum. And elswhere in connection with his escape from the perils of battle and of shipwreck, when addressing the Muses, he imputes that preservation also to the same kindly influence. 3 C. iv. 25, 27- Vestris amicum foutibus et ehoris .... Devota non extinxit arbor. Finally, in an ode of invitation to Maecenas, (worthy to be classed with those other two, 1 C. xx. Vile potabis, &c, and 3 C. xxix. Tyrrhena regum, &c.,) we find the Poet, in pursuance of a solemn vow to Bacchus, (2 E. 11. 78. Rite cliens Bacchi somno gaudentis et umbra.,) celebrating on the Calends of March the anniversary of his deliverance. It may be a more difficult attempt to assign the probable year, in which the elder Horace, dissatisfied with the country school of Flavius, determined to remove with his son to Rome, for the benefit of the highest instruction which could there be obtained. That son, on the retrospect of this in- teresting period, when he asserts his own exemption as well from low profligacy as from the sordes of avarice ; gives this account of whatever was innocent or amiable in the whole of his character. (42) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. 1 S. vi. 71 —76. Causa fuit pater his: qui macro pauper agello Noluit in Flavi ludum me mittere ; magni Quo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti, Laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto, Ibant octonis referentes Idibus aera: Sed puerum est ausus Romam portare, &c. Horace at the time of their migration, I think, could hardly be less than twelve years old. That age will agree well enough with the term, mihi parvo, which chronicles the stripes of Orbilius (2 E. 1. 70.) : and an earlier date, I fear, will hardly allow sufficient age for many points of observ- ation on life and manners, picked up by the boy Horace be- fore quitting the neighbourhood of Venusia. I speak ad- visedly, when I say, that there appears no proof or vestige of his ever having lived in that country again : a hasty visit, perhaps, in some year soon after the battle of Philippi, to settle old accounts, and to see once more the friends of his youth, seems the only feasible supposition which his own history of his life and writings will possibly admit. On this presumption, too, we gain the opportunity for Horace to have witnessed the manly constancy of Ofellus under his adverse fortune, 2 S. 11. 114. videas metato in agello Cum pecore et gnatis fortem mercede colonum, Non ego, narrantem and to have derived from Ofellus^s conversation at that time the materials of his admirable satire, Quae virtus et quanta, boni, sit vivere parvo, &c. (2 S. 11). In his boyhood it appears that he had known that para- gon of an honest man, 2 S. 11. 112. Quo magis bis credas; puerbunc ego parvus Ofellum Integris opibus novi non latius usum, Quam nunc accisis, &c. — to v. 136. Let us now see what other remarks had occurred to his mind, before he left the banks of the Aufidus, or by what LIFE AND CHARACTER. (43) stories he had been instructed : the following instances are not void of interest. 1 S. ix. 29, 30. instat fatum mihi triste, Sabella Quod puero cecinit mota divina anus urna, &c. 2 S. m. 168, 9. Servius Oppidius Canusi duo praedia, dives Antiquo censu, gnatis divisse duobus, &c. Ep. ii. 41, 2. Sabina qualis, aut perusta solibus Pernicis uxor Appidi. 3 C. vi. 37 44. Sed rusticorum mascula rnilitum Proles, Sabellis docta ligonibus Versare glebas, et severse Matris ad arbitrium recisos Portare fustes ; sol ubi montium Mutaret umbras, et juga demeret Bobus fatigatis, amicum Tempus agens abeunte curru. 1 E. vii. 14, 15. Non, quo more pyris vesci Calaber jubet hospes, Tu mefecisti locupletem. 1 E. xvi. 49—51. Sum bonus et frugi : renuit negitatque Sabellus. Cautus enim metuit foveam lupus, accipiterque Suspectos laqueos, et opertum millius hamum. The character of the rural population of Italy cannot be too reverently traced, with a view to show by what virtues (humanly speaking) Rome became mistress of the world : 4 C. xv. 12 — 16. Per quas Latinum nomen et Italae Crevere vires, famaque et imperi 4 Porrecta majestas ad ortum Solis ab Hesperio cubili. At some time then b.c. 53. (a year famous for the ca- lamity of Or asms in the East) or b. c. 52. (a year remark- able for the death of Clodius and the oration pro Milone), in Horace's twelfth or thirteenth year of age we may pro- bably fix his migration to Rome. (44) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. From that date, till he took the Toga Virilis, may be reckoned the first period of his literary and his moral edu- cation. Under Orbilius he appears to have been early instructed in the antique poems of Livius Andronicus. 2 E. i. 70, 1. memini quae plagosum mihi parvo Orbilium dictare. His learning of the Greek language would follow next, and his pride in becoming acquainted with the Iliad, 2 E. 11. 41, 2, Romas nutriri mihi contigit, atque doceri Iratus Graiis quantum nocuisset Achilles: an acquaintance which at a much later period, we know, he cultivated with renewed edification and delight. Thus he writes from Palestrina to the eldest son of his friend Lollius. 1 E. 11. 1,2. Trojani belli scriptorem, maxime Lolli, Dum tu declamas Romse, Praeneste relegi, &c But besides all this, the extent of those liberal instructions which at any cost his father obtained for him, the handsome style of appearance which placed him on a level with the first gentleman's son in Rome, and then the paternal pru- dence which at once secured for him the accomplishments of mind with purity of morals, shall now with the best effect be exhibited in his own language, that of the most grateful of sons. Poor as the father was, 1 S. vi. 71. macro pauper agello, we have seen that he was not content to send his son to the country school of Flavius, though consequential centurions thought it good enough for theirs; 1 S. vi. 76—89. Sed puerum est ausus Romam portare, docendum Artes, quas doceat quivis eques atque senator Semet prognatos. Vestem servosque sequentes, In magno ut populo, si qui vidisset ; avita. Ex re praeberi sumtus mihi crederet illos. Ipse mihi custos incorruptissimus omnes Circum doctores aderat. quid multa? pudicum (Qui primus virtutis honos) servavit ab omni LIFE AND CHARACTER. (45) Non solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi : Nee timuit, sibi ne vitio quis verteret olim, Si praeco parvas, aut (ut fuit ipse) coactor Mercedes sequerer ; neque ego essem questus. Ob hoc nunc Laus illi debetur, et a me gratia major. Nil me paeniteat sanum patris hujus, eoque, &c. We have next to contemplate Horace in a new light, as trained under his father's eye to become the future Censor and Satirist of that avaricious and luxurious, that volup- tuous and yet superstitious age, amidst all its passions labouring under the fear of death, the epidemic of that day. For the Epicurean philosophy, however ingeniously recom- mended by Lucretius, and in its grand practical maxim adopted by Virgil, Geo. ii. 491, 2. Atque metus omnes et inexorabile fatum Subjecit pedibus, strepitumque Acherontis avari. was poorly calculated to console by its prospect of annihi- lation those who clung to life for its sensual indulgences : as little was it adapted to administer to a mind diseased with the consciousness of crime or the cravings of avarice. In the language of Job, xvi. 2. might not such victims feelingly exclaim "we have heard many such things; miserable com- forters are ye ail." In his very earliest efforts as an Author, when he apolo- gises for the freedom exercised on the follies and vices of those around him, Horace gives all the credit of that che- rished inclination, very distinctly, to the wise lessons of his admirable parent ; and that too after disclaiming any tole- ration for personal malignity in the very strongest terms. 1 S. iv. 101 — 103. quod vitium procul afore chartis, Atque animo prius, ut si quid promittere de me Possum aliud vere, promitto, &c— to the end. The whole of 'that Satire, Eupolis atque Cratinus, &c, though in composition somewhat careless and desultory, (46) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. must be attentively studied by any scholar who wishes to comprehend the character of Horace's mind in that its early moment of fire and effervescence. The next stage, that of the Epodes, is thus described by himself at a later period of life. 1 C. xvi. 22 — 25. Me quoque pectoris Tentavit in dulci juventa Fervor, et in celeres iambos Misit furentem. It is important also to show by what influence of his father's instruction, at a yet earlier day, young Horace, from being warned to avoid such or such an example of profligacy and extravagance, was afterwards led to make it the object (illudens chartis) of his keen and playful satire also. 1 S. iv. 103—109. liberius si Bixero quid, si forte jocosius ; hoc mihi juris Cum venia. dabis. Insuevit pater optimus hoc me, Ut fugerem exemplis vitiorum quaeque notando. Cum me hortaretur, parce, frugaliter, atque Viverem uti contentus eo quod mi ipse parasset ; Nonne vides, Albi ut male vivat filius ? &c. &c In this career of unexampled advantages, (what son of a Roman Senator could enjoy more?) it becomes a nice question to fix how long he retained the enjoyment of such a father's guidance and love. The latest allusion to that parent's precepts may rather seem to indicate, that he did not live till his son became invested with the Toga Virilis and with the discretion attached to it. 1 S. iv. 116 — 121. mi satis est, si Traditum ab antiquis morem servare, tuamque, Dum custodis eges, vitam famamque tueri Incolumem possum : simul ac duraverit aetas Membra animumque tuum, nabis sine cortice. Sic me Formabat puerum dictis : &c. From this very last mention (no later hint of time any where occurs) of Horace's being under his father's eye, one may LIFE AND CHARACTER. (*7) safely conclude, that the good old man must have died be- fore the son entered on his seventeenth year. Let that in the absence of all certainty be conceded as a probable calcu- lation. In b. c. 48. then, the young Horace assumed the Toga Virilis, and became his own master with succession to his father's estate. This year too may well be remembered, from its giving date to the battle of Pharsalia. A Ions: interval now occurs from b. c. 48. to the battle of Philippi in 42. for which the materials extant are ex- ceedingly scanty; from .the I /th to the 23d year of Horace's age. In the passage already quoted 2 E. ii. 41, 2. Romae nutriri mihi contigit, atque doceri Iratus Graiis quantum nocuisset Achilles : he gives no intimation whatever of the time which elapsed, but says at once, v. 43, Adjecere bonae paullo plus artis Athenae : Scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum, Atque inter sylvas Academi quaerere veruni. Of these lines it may not be impertinent to suggest, that while the study of moral truth was included in the third, the science of Geometry was meant to be described in the second. That science was then pursued as a fit exercise and discipline for the intellectual faculties, independently of any benefit from the knowledge which it yields; and the admirable Quintilian in his day refers with great respect to that as an established opinion, before he delivers a profes- sional judgment of his own on its usefulness otherwise. In Geometria partem fatentur esse utilem teneris aetati- 1ms ; agitari namque animos, et acui ingenia, ac celeritatem percipiendi venire inde concedunt : sed prodesse earn, non (48) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. ut caeteras artes, cum perceptse sint, sed cum discatur, existi- mant. Lib. i. Cap. ix. Here I must candidly confess, that though, chiefly for the valuable remark from Quintilian, the preceding para- graph is now [1837] retained, my opinion is decisively changed as to the mathematical meaning attached to. . curvo . . . rectum ... in the second of the verses last quoted. For the acceptation however of curvum metaphorically in a moral sense, (for which pravum is the proper term as op- posed to rectum,) no authority is to be found but in Persius alone, sometimes the best incidental commentator on Ho- race : and unless therefore the following passages could be produced, which must remove all doubt on the subject, the question might still be mooted, which of the two interpret- ations is the true one. Sat. hi. v. 52. Haud tibi inexpertum curvos deprendere mores. iv. vv. 9—11. Scis etenim justum gemina suspendere lance Ancipitis librae : rectum discernis, ubi inter Curva subit, &c. If Horace tells us little of himself while a resident in Athens, he gives a yet shorter account of the cause which removed him from a spot apparently so much entitled to his veneration : but he wrote this at a late period of his life ; when it was not likely that he should enter into any parti- culars of his engagement in the civil war. v. 46. Dura sed emovere loco me tempora grato. Whenever he began to reside at Athens, probably b. c. 47. his attainments there in Grecian literature must have been very considerable, from the early allusions made in the Satires alone. 1 S. iv. 1. 2 S. in. 11, 12: where, besides Archilochus, we have Eupolis, Cratinus, and Aristophanes, mentioned, as well as Plato and Menander. His familiarity indeed with the language, and his command of it for elegant LIFE AND CHARACTER. (49) composition we find also intimated in the following passage, where he records his attempts in Greek verse, and the ju- dicious reproof, (for better effect assigned to Romulus,) by which he was deterred from pursuing that design. 1 S. x. 31—35. Atque ego cum Graeeos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos ; vetuit me tali voce Quirinus, Post mediam noctem visus, cum somnia vera : In silvam non ligna feras insanius, ac si Magnas Graecorum malis implere catervas, During his stay in Athens that city would doubtless gra- tify his natural taste for retirement, as the Vacuum Tibur (1 E. vii. 45.) afterwards did in more settled indulgence. 2 E. ii. 81, 2. Ingenium, sibi quod vacuas desumsit Athenas, Et studiis annos septem dedit, &c, &c. Horace might in b. c. 45. have formed acquaintance with the son of Cicero, somewhat his senior, who was sent to Athens in the April of that year : but not a vestige exists of any such fact. The Messala and Bibulus, so splendidly grouped in the list of his friends. 1 S. x. 81 — 6, &c, (a Lo- cus Classicus in the biography of Horace,) we may fairly presume to have been there and well known to him; for Tully tells us, that two young men of those very names, very soon after his son went, were going to that celebrated seat of learning a . Of all the Sodales of Horace, however, not one seems to have been more dearly beloved by him, and in all proba- bility on an early friendship, commenced (as we say) when at College together ', than Pompeius Varus ; who must on no account be confounded with Pompeius Grosphus, a very worthy man, who at that time (2 C. xvi. 33.) and several years after (1 E. xn. 22.) resided in Sicily. This Pom- peius, distinguished also on good authority by the cognomen Varus, (vid. Torrentius,) was just then happily restored * Middleton's Life of Cicero. Vol. n. p. 364. ed. 1742. e (50) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. " Diis patriis Italoque coalo," to the great delight of his friend Horace. That Ode, O scepe mecum, which after so many years of long separation records the joyful hour of their meeting again, is imbued with all the spirit of the kind-hearted man and the convivial bard. As an authentic record also (in part) of Horace's own history, it is invaluable ; ranking indeed with those principal sources of authentic in- telligence, Nunc ad me redeo ... 1 S. vi. 45 — 131. and Ro- mas nutriri.. .2 E. n. 41 — 52. With a verse in that Epistle it may be worth the while to compare two lines of the Ode, as no bad example of Ho- race tracked in his own snow. vv. 15, 16. Te rursus in helium resorbens Unda fretis lulit cestuosis. v. 47- Civilisque rudem belli lulit cestus in arma, &c. The bad conscience or the diseased mind, the Atra Cura, of our Poet may be similarly traced, and not without interest, through the different stages of its progress. 2 S. vn. 114, 5.-2 C. xvi. 21, 2.-3 C. i. 39, 40.— 4 C. xi. 35, 6. That splendid imagination reached its acme in the third of those passages. vv. 37—40. Sed Timor et Minae Scandunt eodem, quo dominus : neque Decedit serata triremi, et Post equitem sedet atra Cura. Though in less interesting parallels, the Scholar with Ho- race's writings in true succession placed before him, may de- rive some amusement from tracing in different stages the re- markable similitude of sentiment : the following instances may deserve attention. (1) Ep. xvu. 65. Optat quietem Pelopis infidus pater, &c. 2 C. xvt. 1. Otium Divos rogat in patente Prensus ^3gaeo, &c. LIKE AND CHARACTER. (51) (2) 2 S. in. 91, 2. quoad vixit, credidit ingens Pauperiem vitium, et cavit nihil acrius, &c. 3 C. xxiv. 42. Magnum pauperies opprobrium jubet Quidvis et facere et pati. Or even the humbler similitude of the family table; as where Horace describes Ofellus, 2 S. n. 116, 1* Non ego, narrantem, temere edi luce profesta Quicquam praeter olus, fumoscB cum pede pernae, and where he sighs for his own hospitable board in the country, 2 S. vi. G3, 4. O quando/afoz Pythagoras cognata, simulque Uncta satis pingui ponentur oluscula lardo ? About this period of the life of Horace, from his first re- sidence in Athens to the battle of Philippi inclusive, the following notice of different places which he appears to have visited, will be quite sufficient for any illustration of his character or writings to be derived from that source. 1 C. vii. 10—14. Me neque tam patiens Lacedamon, Nee tam Larissce percussit campus opimae, Quam domus Albuneae resonantis, Et prseceps Anio, ac Tiburni lucus, et uda Mobilibus pomaria rivis. 1 S. vii. 4, 5. Persius hie permagna negotia dives habebat Clazomenisy etiam lites cum Rege molestas. 23, 4. laudat Brutum, laudatque cohortem, Solem Asia Brutum appellat. In a manner quite incidental and oblique we gain another fact of locality, from the Epistle (xi.) to Bullatius. Horace, after several questions put to his whimsical and odd tem- pered friend then on the coast of Asia, at last thus asks him : v. 6. An Lebedum laudas, odio maris atque viarum ? (52) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. This question apparently was meant to hit the very point of his friend's absurdity in acting as he did. Horace then supposes Bullatius thus to reply to him, as equally with himself knowing the spot alluded to, vv. 7—10. Scis, Lebedus quid sit ; Gabiis desertior atque Fidenis vicus : tamen illic vivere vellem ; Oblitusque meorum, obliviscendus et illis, Neptunum procul e terra spectare furentem. But here again, Horace most acutely and sensibly rejoins, , vv. 11, 12. Sed neque qui Capua Romam petit imbre lutoque Aspersus, volet in caupona. vivere ; nee qui, &c. &c. The dialogue of the Epistle thus analysed may be taken to exemplify a great peculiarity in the manner of Horace ; I mean, in the delicate, sudden, and slightly marked transitions, of which his readers have justly to complain. The abrupt and involved style of the Satires on this ground alone affords frequent matter of obscurity and doubt : while in the high-finished and perspicuous composition (generally so) of the Epistles, difficulty from that cause very seldom occurs. If there be any truth in these principles of criticism, no scholar with any judgment or taste to discriminate could possibly imagine, for instance, that the Satire which ends, 2 S. viii. 95. Canidia adflasset, pejor serpentibus atris, and the Epistle which begins, 1 E. i. 1. Prima dicte mihi, summa, dicende Camoena, were ever written in continuity, as they have stood hitherto edited. For with all his recorded slowness of revision in satiric writing, (2 S. in. 2. scriptorum quseque retexens,) the great and striking difference, so visible now, in the whole tone and style of composition betwixt the Satire and the Epistle loudly forbids such an idea. Horace in the inter- LIFE AND CHARACTER. (53) val between those two books (as it is well remarked by Bent- ley, ante p. 5, If 70 had evidently become both an older man and a sounder as well as a more elegant writer. To return to Athens : early in b. c. 43. on the arrival of Brutus, then raising an army to oppose the second triumvi- rate, " all the young nobility and gentry of Rome 11 * (in the old Pompeian interest) whom he found in that seat of educa- tion, most readily joined his standard. The son of the illustrious Cicero, we know, became a Legatus under him : young Horace, catching the spirit of his associates, naturally entered the service, and with the rank of military tribune, but not without some jealousy on that account, as we are told, in certain persons of high birth. 1 S. vi. 48. Quod mihi pareret legio Romana tribune In the course of those campaigns, as is acutely observed by Masson, (Horatii Vita, 1 708. p. 55,) he must have seen much variety of hard service : he could not else have addressed his friend Pompeius in language like this. 2 C. vii. 1, 2. O saepe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte, Bruto militiae duce, &c- And we gather from the sketch of his own character, (1 E. xx. 23. Meprimis urbis belli placuisse domique,) that he could long afterwards refer with satisfaction to the favour of the commander-in-chief enjoyed at that period. The great battle of Philippi took place towards the end of the year b. c. 42 ; and Horace shared in the common ruin of the unfortunate Republicans. The proscription, perhaps, did not reach him : in the confiscation he certainly was involved. Of the worse consequences of that battle to ^himself he speaks thus : -*-Hooke»'B. x.-Ch. xni. (54) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. 2 E. ii. 49 — 51. Unde simul primum me dimisere Pbilippi, Decisis humilem pennis, inopemque paterni Et laris et fundi, &c. &c. while in respect of his escape afterwards from ill fortune, (besides his general language of thankfulness, 2 C. vii. 13, 14. Sed me per hostes Mercurius celer Denso paventem sustulit ae're :) we may without much hesitation assume, that when return- ing home by sea, in the winter b. c. 42 | 41. he encountered that peculiar danger off Cape Palinurus, which he so grate- fully classes with his other deliverances. 3 C. iv. 25—28. Vestris amicum fontibus et choris, Non me Philippis versa acies retro, Devota non extinxit arbor, Nee Simla Palinurus unda. The old commentator in Cruquius speaks without scruple, indeed, of that promontory as the scene of danger " ubi Horatius se redeuntem ex bello Philippensi periclitatum fuisse digit :" and it was thus the Poet acquired that vivid knowledge of the tempestuous sea, which enabled him to aggravate the picture of Hannibal as a mighty agent de- vastating the cities of Italy. 4 C iv. 42 — 44. Dims per urbes Afer ut Italas, Ceu flamma per tsedas, vel Eurus Per Siculas equitavit undas. In the spring then b. c. 41. Horace is once more at Rome. Out of the scattered hints which remain, the following brief narrative may with a fair claim to credibility be drawn up. The words metis partibus venia impetrata of Suetonius in Vita Horatii express no more than what Horace's actual return to Rome would in itself imply. But as the estate in the neighbourhood of Venusia wa§ certainly gone, the next LIFE AND CHARACTER. (55) fact asserted, Scriptum qu. vii. 1 17, 1 18. ocius hinc te Ni rapis, accedes opera agro nona Sabino. he is thus addressed on his style of living by that clever rogue, (during the Saturnalia, and at Rome, be it remem- bered,) ibid. 29, 30. si nusquam es forte vocatus Ad ccenam, laudas securum olus. The very dinner which Lucilius shared with Laelius and the younger Scipio ; 2 S. i. 71 — 74. Quin ubi se a vulgo et scena in secreta remorant Virtus Scipiadae et mitis sapientia Laeli ; Nugari cum illo, et discincti ludere, donee Decoqueretur olus, soliti .... And such also in Horace's day was the ordinary fare ; 2 E. ii. 167, 8. Emtor Aricini quondam Veientis et arvi Emtum cosnat olus .... Some fifteen years afterwards, in the Epistle to Torquatus, 1 E. v. 1, 2. his invitation very candidly promises the plainest entertainment ; Si potes Archiacis conviva recumbere lectis, Nee modica coenare times olus omne patella, &c. though, as we are told at the conclusion* there would be a small party to meet him, with room for a few friends (locus est et pluribus umbris) if he chose to bring them. Nor did he hold other language at any period between that of the Satire here first adduced, 1 S. vi. 115. and that of the Epistle just quoted. Of the homely fare on which from choice he actually lived, 1 C. xxxi. 16, 7. me pascunt olivae, Me cichorea levesque malvae. he only prays to have the enjoyment continued : " Frui paratis," with the superadded blessing of health and the use of his faculties during the remainder of life, (58) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION et valido mihi, Latoe, clones, et, precor, integra Cum mente, nee turpem senectam Degere, nee cithara carentem. Morally speaking, Horace could hardly ever want the means to maintain a style of living like this. With his own Ofel- lus, he could truly say, 2 S. ii. 126, 7- Saeviat, atque novos moveat Fortuna tumultus, Quantum hinc imminuet ? So that even if the storm of adversity were once more to befall him, he feels certain that his light boat will weather the gale; while the heavy-laden ship with its votaries of wealth might go to wreck. 3 C. xxix. 62. Tunc me biremis praesidio seaphae Tutum per JEgeeos tumultus Aura feret, geminusque Pollux. The first introduction of Horace to the acquaintance and favour of Maecenas, that most memorable of all events in his life, may be placed in b. c. 41. 1 S. vi. 54, 5. optimus olim Virgilius, post hunc Varins, dixere, quid essem. and perhaps rather late in that year . for some time must be allowed to elapse after his return from Philippi, before Virgil and Varius could well acquire a sufficient knowledge of his genius and his worth, to which they were strangers before. But for his second visit to Maecenas, with the latitude of a round number (v. 61. revocas nono post mense) we may assign an earlier date to it in b. c. 40. than a strict compu- tation would admit. From the year b. c. 40. when Horace could for the iirst LIFE AND CHARACTER. (59) time retort on those who had envied his rise, the proud fact itself with the moral praise implied in it, 1 S. vi. 47. Nunc quia sura tibi, Maecenas, convictor : &c. down to the year in which his patron gave him that estate in the Sabine hills ; the personal history of Horace must be traced in the first book of Satires. The composition of that book evidently belongs to the years fixed by Bentley, and probably enough to a year or two lower down. Two Satires alone (the vth and vnth) in the number of those ten seem to require any particular notice, from politi- cal connection with the times to which, by the subjects of them, the reader's mind is naturally carried. The journey to Brundusium (Sat. v.) when determined to the right year in the spring a of b. c. 38. will receive the only farther illustration which it can admit or require, from the history of the Commonwealth, to which it belongs, or from Mr. Cramer's Description of Ancient Italy. The most beautiful passage in that poem shows how rapid and deep the growth of affection had been betwixt Horace and his two friends, Virgil and Varius : of Plotius we know little but by name. vv. 39—44. Postera lux oritur niulto gratissima : namque Plotius et Varius Sinuessse, Virgiliusque Occurrunt ; animae, quales neque candidiores Terra tulit, neque quis me sit devinctior alter. O qui complexus, et gaudia quanta fuerunt ! Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico. A subsequent enumeration of the distinguished authors of that period embraces in fact so many of his personal friends ; a " I incline with Wesseling and Heyne to refer the journey of Horace to the intended conference at Brundusium described by Appian, Civ. v. 78. And you will observe that this date, the spring of u. c. 716, b. c. 38, for the poet's journey, will bring that vth Satire of the 1st Book within the dates of Bentley." H. F. Clinton. MS. communication. (60) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. 1 S. x. 40—45. Arguta meretrice potes, Davoque Chremeta Eludente senem, comis garrire libellos Unus vivorum, Fundani : Pollio regum Facta canit, pede ter percusso : forte epos acer, Ut nemo, Varius ducit : molle atque facetum Virgilio annuerunt gaudentes rure Camoenae. The comic author Fundanius we meet again, (2 S. vni. 19,) as the pleasant narrator of what happened at Nasidienus's dinner. Varius, whose fine tragedy of Thyestes is so highly praised by Quintilian, appears already to have been cele- brated for that epic talent alluded to in 1 C. vi., Scriberis Vario fortis et hostium Victor, Maeonio carminis aliti ; &c. and Pollio had acquired eminence in the tragic drama, which we find him still maintaining when afterwards engaged in the history of the civil wars ; 2 C. i. 9—12. Paulum severae Musa Tragcedise Desit theatris ; mox, ubi publicas Res ordinaris, grande munus Cecropio repetes cothurno. while in regard to Virgil the clear information is gained, that he was then only known as the writer of Bucolics, but in the delicacy and high finish of his style, (molle atque facetum}) even then indicating the consummate poet that was soon to arise. And here from the same satire not unaptly may be intro- duced the proud list of all Horace's friends at that early day. vv. 81 — 88. Plotius, et Varius, Maecenas, Virgiliusque, Valgius, et probet haec Octavius optimus, atque Fuscus ; et haec utinam Viscorum laudet uterque : Ambitione relegata, te dicere possum, Poilio, te, Messala, tuo cum fratre ; simulque Vos, Bibule et Servi ; simul his te, candide Furni : Complures alios, doctos ego quos et amicos Prudens praetereo, &c &c. Well then might Horace, when allowing in other respects 7- IFF. AND CHARACTER. (61) the superiority of Lucilins, justly assert that he too had shared the friendship of the great ; 2 S. i. 74 78. Quicquid sum ego, quamvis Infra Lucili censum ingeniumque, tamen me Cum magnis vixisse invita fatebitur usque Invidia, et fragili quaerens illidere dentem, Offendet solido. Let us now proceed to the vnth Satire, Proscripti Regis Rupili, &c, which might be supposed (and not without some plausibility) to have been Horace's earliest attempt in Satiric writing, having the scene of its story at Clazomenae, and in the presence of the great Brutus. In that view M. Sanadon speciously enough assigns for its date a few months before the battle of Philippi, and even discovers, in its juve- nile carelessness of composition, an argument to favour that date. The old Scholiast, however, quoted by Baxter, appears to give a different, and, as I understand it, a very satisfactory account of the matter. Publius Rupilius cognomine Rex, Praenestinus, commilito fuit Horatii in castris Bruti. Hie aegre ferens quod Hora- tius Tribunus esset, saepe ignobilitatem generis illi obji- ciebat : idcirco nunc eum ex persona alterius lacerat. This idea derives additional support and developement from two remarks of the judicious Gesner. Forte haec demum post victoriam Csesarianorum scripta, cum partes Bruti objiceret Horatio recepto, receptus ipse Rupilius : ut Tubero olim Ligario. — Rem non plane re- centem commendari versibus, ipsum exordium declarat. And on Gesner's supposition that Rupilius had thus given offence to Horace at Rome, after they both returned, the vnth Satire, viewed as a retaliation, will be found not un- happily subjoined as a kind of appendix to the vith, Non quia Macenas, &c, which resents (vv. 6 -45.) the ill- (62) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. natured imputation, liber lino patre natum, cast upon him by certain envious detractors. Assuming this origin of the Satire to be correct, we may accept as literally true, Horace's own account of his begin- ning to write verse ; that he was first driven to it by neces- sity after the confiscation of his paternal estate ; 2 E. ii. 51. paupertas impulit audax Ut versus facerem. In all the books of Horace, indeed, those of Satires, of Epodes, of Odes, and of Epistles, as the constituent parts now stand arranged in each, I am strongly of opinion, that after a due allowance for much caprice and casualty perhaps, there may still be discovered great ingenuity shown by Horace himself in the close succession by which some pieces are brought together, and not less of skill, judgment, and delicacy in the intentional disjunction of others. The peculiar consideration here suggested from internal evidence, will support the whole hypothesis of Bentley by a train of argument not perhaps suspected before. To exem- plify the nature of that reasoning, let a few clear instances suffice for the present. Thus the similarity of attachment which Horace bore to both his friends, Septimius and Pompeius, may fairly ac- count for the neighbourly collocation which those two beau- tiful Odes (2 C. vi, vn.) now occupy. And thus the general similitude of subject in the two Epistles, xvii. to Scseva, and xviii. to Lollius, (younger brother to him addressed, Maxime Lolli. 1 E. it. 1,) though addressed to two characters totally dissimilar, doubtless led to their juxtaposition when published. Strangely enough, with all the obvious difference between the characters, even Gesner (ad 1 E. xviii. 1.) is inclined to think that the two persons might be identically the same, and that of the two Epistles as they now stand, the latter LIFE AND CHARACTER. (63) was either a continuation of the former, or arose as a Teply out of Scaeva's supposed answer to it. Now is it not clear, on a close comparison, that Lollius, being a young man of rank, the son of a vir consularis, hot and high-spirited, was liable to offend by want of due com- plaisance ? With his natural brusquerie and his fits of con- tradictory or unaccommodating humour, he was the most unlikely man in Rome (scurrantis speciem pnebere) to be mistaken for a sycophant. Scaeva, on the other hand, timid apparently and somewhat necessitous himself, with relatives perhaps ill provided for, while he required encouragement to undertake the office of living with the great, might stand no less in need of delicate caution, how to improve his for- tunes as the comes (v. 52) to a rex (v. 43) without meanness and without importunity. This view of the matter I am happy to find confirmed by Wieland as quoted with approbation by Morgenstern, in a Dissertation to be noticed more particularly by and by. After remarking the skill of Horace in similibus argnmentis tractandis, he refers for illustration of it to these very Epis- tles ; Sic Epistolce ad Scaevam et Lollium eandem docent cum principibus vivendi artem : at quam callide diverso utriusque ingenio et conditioni attemperantur pvacepta I p. 61. ' The vth Epode on Canidia, is by several others separated from the xvnth on the same Beldame : evidently to keep the pathetic and the horrible apart in reading from the in- vective and ironical. And to take another example from the same family : The two Odes (1 C. xvi, xvn.) O matre pulchrd, &c. and Velox amcenum, &c. are now generally considered as ad- dressed to one person, the daughter of Canidia, (or Grati- dia,) under the Greek name of Tyndaris. Assuming as a fact what is most highly probable, then, in the position of the apology first and of the invitation immediately afterwards, (64) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION 1 . we instantly see the fine address of the Poet. Once disjoin the two odes in arrangement : by what attraction should they find their way back again ? M. Sanadon, instead of recognising the criminosi Iambi (vv. 2, 3.) in the extant Epodes v and xvn, imagines those libellous verses to be lost ; and as well in disjoining as in conjoining — on a plan of his own — the different pieces here alluded to, surpasses even his usual reach of extravagance ; whereas in the natural succession which is now given to those pieces, 1 S. viii. Olim truncus eram . ..., (and 2S. t. 48. Canidia Albuci^ quibus est inimica, venerium.) Ep. v. At O Deorum . . . ; and xvn. Jam jam efficaci . . . ; 1 C. xvr. O matre pulchra . . . . ; and xvn. Velox amcenum . . . ; the history of all the parties concerned may be read straight- forward with every advantage of interest and perspicuity. It is time to proceed to the nd Book of Satires. As far however as the personal history of Horace is in- volved in settling the question of his chronology and locali- ties, I have already anticipated in those pages the principal remarks which belong to this part of the Dissertation. Nor will the reader be displeased, after so extended and discursive a range, to be told that we are now approaching towards the conclusion so far of my original design. A few points only remain to bring matters down to the closing date of the Epodes. And then, the writings of Horace either in the Odes or in the Epistles, when those works are once set in chronological order, may well be allowed to tell the story of his life, which in fact his writings then constitute ; illus- trated only by a few references to the public annals of Rome. Let us now, therefore, take up the second book of Satires. At this stage of Horace's history, when he was just possessed LIFE AND CHARACTER. (65) of the Sabine estate, we find him forming grand resolutions as a kind of censor and moralist. 2 S. in. 9. Atqui vultus erat multa et praeclara minantis. He had this year retired on the Saturnalia (v. 5) into the country for leisure and for warmth. v. 10. Si vacuum tepido cepisset villula tecto. The latter charm we know the country possessed. 1 E. x. 15. Est ubi plus tepeant hyemesf If it be asked what were the causes of that advantage, the Cato Major § xvi. may be consulted for explanation: Ubi enim potest ilia aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni, aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius? — the command of a sunny position on the one hand, and the plenty of fuel on the other. And it may be remembered that in that famous Epistle (xiv.) on the Sabine farm, Horace tells his Villicus that the Colo in the city envied him amongst other things (vv. 41, 2.) the ready supply of logs; which at Rome they had not. invidet usum Lignorum et pecoris tibi calo argutus et borti. Horace (who reports himself [1 E. xx. 24] solibus aptum) when more advanced in years, loved to pass his winters on the sea- coast. Thus in that fine Epistle to Maecenas, 1 E. vji. 10 — 13. Quod si bruma nives Albanis illinet agris, Ad mare descendet vates tuus, et sibi parcet, Contractusque leget ; te, dulcis amice, reviset Cum Zepbyris, si concedes, et birundine prima. Incidentally we gather from another Epistle, that to Scaeva, (xvn. 52, 3,) that Brundusium and Surrentum also were scenes of resort in winter ; Brundisium comes aut Szirrenhim ductus amoenum, Qui queritur salebras et acerbum frigus et imbres, &c. - f (66) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. and in that (xvth.) to Numonius Vala, Quae sit hyems Veliae, quod coelum, Vala, Salerni, &c. when he thought of going to the cold-baths of the one place or the other, after he has stated (vv. 2, 3.) Antonius Musa's judgment on his case, Mihi Baias supervacuas . . . Horace proceeds to tell his friend, that he will have to ride his horse past the hitherto well known houses of call, on the way to Cumae or Baiae ; Mutandus locus est, et diversoria nota Praeteragendus equus : Quo tendis ? non mihi Cumas Est iter aut Baias, &c. To return to the md Satire ; on the literary design then alluded to, in packing up his books to carry with him from Rome, he did not forget (v. 12) Archilochus : and when we come to the Epodes, we shall discover in the assaults on M&na (iv), on Cassius Severus (vi), on Mcevius (x), and on other unlucky objects of his wrath, that in studying under that great master of Iambic bitterness he had learned his trade well ; TToKhoi {/.aGyrai Hosier crovsg oi^ajKahw. as the man said when he stole the Mercury. This fact too, in its way, is demonstrative of the Epodes being absurdly collocated in the old order before the Satires: the fruit pro- duced, and then the tree planted ! Of the vith Satire {Hoc erat in votis, &c.) good use has been made in the former part of this Dissertation, as bearing on the great object, to illustrate the life and localities of Horace : one only remark shall be drawn from it now. In the golden treatise De Senectute (§ xiv.) old Cato describes in general his convivial enjoyments : Me vero et magisteria delectant, &c. (he proceeds to transfer the scene into the country :) quae quidem in Sabinis etiam persequi soleo ; conviviumque vicinorum quotidie compleo, quod ad multam noctem, quam maxime possumus, vario sermone pro- ducimus. LIFE AND CHARACTER. (67) Yet even Cato's party, in bis hour of enthusiasm, (3 C. xxi. 11,12. Narratur et prisci Catonis Saepe mero caluisse virtus.) could hardly have enjoyed with higher zest " The feast of reason and the flow of soul ;*' than Horace gave and received in that delightful society, which at his own villa (Sabine also) he so cordially enter- tained. 2 S. vi. 65—75. O noctes ccenseque Deum ! prout cuique libido est, Siccat inaequales calices conviva, solutus Legibus insanis : seu quis capit acria fortis Pocula ; seu modicis uvescit laetius : ergo Sermo oritur, non de villis domibusve alienis, Nee male necne Lepos saltet : sed quod magis ad nos Pertinet, et nescire malum est, agitamus ; utrumne Divitiis homines, an sint virtute beati : Quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne, trahat nos : Et quae sit natura boni, summumque quid ejus. Cervius haec inter, &c. &c. With those neighbours of his, to whose cheerful instruction he contributed while yet a nuvus incola among them, he appears to have been a great favourite from his earliest resi- dence. And many years after he first occupied that estate, 1 E. xiv. 2, 3. [olim] habitatum quinque focis, et Quinque bonos solitum Variam dimittere Patres, we find not only every sign of their being reconciled to his superiority, for such it must have been, but the best proofs possible of good sense and good humour on his part and theirs. He amused himself with rustic labour, for which his figure (pinguis, 1 E. iv. 15. and Corporis exigui, xx. 24.) did not exactly adapt him and they as naturally laughed at his awkwardness. f 2 (68) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. vv. 37 — 39. Non istic obliqtiQ oculo mea commoda quisquam Limat, non odio obscuro morsuque venenat : Rident vicini glebas et saxa moventem. In passing to the Epodes, very little appears for remark to my purpose which is not already forestalled. We have seen Horace carry the Poems of Archilochus with him for study and imitation into the Sabine valley. And as we know the severe model of correctness in writing which he laid down for himself and enforced upon others, the conclu- sion is fair, that he had taken most faithful pains with the task, when he afterwards expresses such pride in the execu- tion. 1 E. xix. 21 — 25. Libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps, Non aliena meo pressi pede r qui sibi fidit, Dux regit examen. Parios ego primus lambos Ostendi Latio ; numeros animosque secutus Archilochi, non res et agentia verba Lycamben. By the bye, Horace has paid himself a compliment here which truth does not warrant. Canidia alone might testify, that when in the Parian vein, Horace wanted neither talent nor bitterness to drive a Lycambes mad. On the historical bearing of the book of Epodes, nothing can be more satisfactory and singularly distinct than the paragraph quoted in the Chronological Table from Mr. Clinton's Fasti Hellenici, under the year b. c. 31. It ought however to be remarked, that in the Epodes also Horace by no means intended to arrange the several pieces according to the exact order of time. Thus Epode vii. Quo, quo scelesti contemplates the impending war betwixt Caesar and Antony as yet distant, and with horror and dismay deprecates such an event. The date of it, there- fore, must be carried back as far as other considerations will LIFE AND CHARACTER. (()9) allow ; and the same remark may be extended to the xvith Epode, Altera jam teritur .... which from similarity of subject might be expected to stand in conjunction with the vnth, were it not (as we have seen in other cases) for the sake of variety, perhaps, kept separate. Both those Epodes, in any thing like allusion to the leaders of the great political parties, are obscure now, from the Poet's studied delicacy at the time: as long as any hope remained of healing the breach, Horace was not the man to aggravate the discord. "But when matters had come to an open rupture, in that Epode, 1. Ibis Libumis ... he tes- tifies at once his personal devotedness to Maecenas, and his earnest desire to accompany his Patron to the scene of ap- proaching conflict: and in the ixth Epode, Quando re- post urn ... on the first news of Caesar's victory at Actium, Horace naturally addresses Maecenas in a strain of the most delighted gratulation, yet even then (v. 29) not naming Antony, though he clearly alludes to him ; while the disgraceful phenomenon of (Cleopatra's) gauze-curtain, in a scene like that, is represented as moving the indignation even of foreigners to forsake such a leader ; Ep. ix. 15—18, Interque signa turpe militaria Sol aspicit conopium. Ad hoc frementes verterunt bis inille equos Galli canentes Caesarem. It was about a year (b. c. 30) after that memorable engage- ment, when the affair at Alexandria had left Caesar without a rival, that Horace broke out in his final effusion of joy, 1 C. xxxvii. Xiuic est bibendum . . . , connected with that eventful epoch. Now that we are advancing from the Epodes to the Odes, it is lucky that Horace in his Epistle, Frisco si credis . . . to Maecenas, (xix.) de suis et Poetastrorum suisceculi scrip- tis, has himself afforded a delicate clue for the transition. After asserting (vv. 21—25, recently adduced) his claim (70) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION. to originality in having first adopted Parian Iambics as a Latin poet, he proceeds to defend himself for borrowing an old metre instead of attempting to devise a new one. " Well: and had not Sappho blended her song with the measure of Archilochus ? Had not Alcaeus likewise partly availed him- self of that Poet's metre ?"— Alcaeus, whom it was Horace's greatest pride to acknowledge as his Master in Lyric verse. In that department also (vv. 32 — 34) he represents himself as the first adventurer, but content to have his original pro- ductions {immemorata, elsewhere, 4 C. ix. 3. non ante vulgatasper artes,) privately read by the intelligent few : he was too shy or too proud for public recitation and the com- mon modes of courting popularity. Ac, ne me foliis ideo brevioribus ornes, Quod timui mutare modos et carminis artem : Temperat Archilochi musam pede mascula Sappho ; Temperat Alcaeus ; Hunc ego, non alio dictum prius ore, Latinus Vulgavi fidicen : juvat immemorata ferentem Ingenuis oculisque legi manibusque teneri. In our next transition, that from the Odes to the Epistles, is it at all surprising, that Horace, when, satisfied with his laurels, he had expressly taken leave of the Lyric Muse at the close of the third book, should adopt the Epistolary form of writing, if any temptation afterwards arose to resume his pen? Now, on the occasions which would frequently arise for com- municating with his friends by letter, nothing could be more congenial to the habits of a Poet, than to prefer verse (and that the commonest) as the vehicle : and with Horace in particular, his Odes on various subjects addressed to indivi- duals whom he loved and esteemed, naturally preluded to the more serious and discursive style of argument which marks the Epistles to his friends. Under these circumstances, and especially considering the LIFE AND CHARACTER. (71) great change of age and character, which the Author had undergone in that interval betwixt the last date of his Satires and the first of his Epistles, the wonder is that any idea should have occurred to a Scholar like Morgenstern of writing a formal treatise De Satirce atque Epistolce Hora- dance discrimine (Lipsise, 1801.) ; when perhaps, unless from the Epistles immediately following the Satires as hitherto published, even he, aware as he was of Bentley's arrangement, would hardly have thought either of contrast or of comparison between them. Unquestionably, however, Morgenstern has rendered one great service to the cause advocated in these pages : no reader of his elegant and ge- nerally judicious Essay will ever again be misled by the juxta- position of the Satires and Epistles to consider the latter as a continuation merely of the former. That source of error and confusion is now finally closed. To go on with the real succession of Horace's works here recommended to the Scholar's notice ; not only, as it has been well observed, " is the writer of the Epistles " — from the " moral turn" of the composition generally — "discerned in the Odes:" but more particularly we may discover also somewhat of the same dexterity with which his Odes are often concluded, in the abrupt but happy conclusion of many of his Epistles. In both classes of writing Horace seldom seeks or regards any plan of regular termination. After saying what he principally thought of saying when he set out, whenever he finds himself arrived at some point which supplies a piquant or pleasant mode of dropping the subject, there he suddenly slips away from his reader; leaving him on the one hand to recall in quick review the train of images which had just been passing before his mind, or on the other, to wind up the argument in its practical inference for him~ self, with the less of offence given to his vanity and self-love. To exemplify all this by adducing the passages at full, would be a work of labour. The Odes abound with endings (72) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION, where the great felicity of art is shown in leaving the reader con la hocca dolce : and for Epistles which end hastily with some passing simile or some quaint turn of thought, or with such apparent abruptness as to elicit the comment — deest conclusion — it may be sufficient to refer to the following, 1 E. r, vi, vn, xvn; 2 E, n ; and that to the Pisos. The Odes and Epistles, it has been truly said, when once placed in the just order of time, may be fairly left to themselves for illustration, as constituting the poetical at once and personal history of Horace. But then the localities of the bard are presumed to be already ascertained and fixed : without that essential proviso, even the chronological arrangement of his books would fail to exhibit many pro- prieties and delicacies, entwined in the local circumstances of the party addressing or the party addressed. Is it then too much to arrogate, that the labour now for the first time bestowed on distinguishing the three several residences of Horace, has laid the ground-work at least for a clearer un- derstanding of many of his writings, than ever engaged the speculation of any commentator before ? In this restitution of Horace, at first sight, the greatest revulsion is likely to arise on seeing the third and fourth books of Odes here separated by the first book of Epistles. But then the lapse of several years between the third book of Odes and the fourth has been demonstrated as necessary to reconcile the moral and political phenomena, in the mean while produced, to anything like the probable course of human events. Fortunately, too, the publication of the fourth book of Odes, from many striking points in it, seems to have excited a very early attention. The tradition of Suetonius, for instance, that Augustus felt a strong desire for that high LIFE AND CHARACTER. (73) tribute of fame which a Poet of such talent might confer, carries with it every reasonable evidence of truth, as to the origin of the Poems alluded to. Scripta quidem ejus usque adeo probavit, mansuraque perpetuo opinatus est, ut non modo Sseculare carmen com- ponendum injunxerit, sed et Vindelicam victoriam Tiberii Drusique privignorum suorum ; eumque coegerit propter hoc, tribus Carminum Librjs ex Ion go intervallo quartum add ere. Other considerations too may here deserve our regard. The very mixture of articles, in matter certainly baser, if not in execution, compared with so much magnificence in the principal Odes of the ivth book, is enough to indicate something extraordinary. In the few words of Gesner in- deed prefixed to that book of Odes, the whole secret is thus briefly told. Mihi sic videbatur : cum semel placuisset novum librum edere, in eum conjectum esse quidquid ad mantis erat. But it may be asked : on what ground is the Carmen Saculare in this arrangement entitled to precede the fourth book of Odes ? Since Bentley (u. s. % 5) himself mentions them in a different order, and what is more, ad Car. Saec. v. 16, distinctly calls the sixth Ode of that book, Dive, quern proles , " quasi praefatio (and very truly) et commen- datio " to the Secular Ode itself. I answer thus. From the very nature and object of that great occasional poem, it must have been separately published in the year (b. c. 17) assigned to the celebration of the Ludi Sceculares ; whereas of the fourth book of Odes, from the peculiarity of its con- stituent parts, there could be no collective publication till some two or three years after that date. Need I here bestow a moment's notice on the pomp and conceit with which, out of various lyric pieces of the Poet, Sanadon, and after him Anchersen, have arbitrarily con- structed a drama quoddam sceculare of their own. Justly, yet mildly enough, is their audacious absurdity, in thus (74) PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION'. raking together materials in character as in date hetero- geneous, rebuked by Gesner in his introduction to the C. S. u Mirum sane, si carmina unius argumenti, eodem tempore scripta, ita spargi per libros plures potuere !" Arising from the fourth book, a stronger line of remark, it appears to me, yet remains to be traced. No Prologos or Epilogos attends this collection of Odes, such as we have read in the former books, or like the formal conclusion (Vertumnum Janumque. .) attached to the first book of Epistles. Gesner, one of the most judicious of critics on Horace, in the few lines of comment prefixed to the Ode : 3 C. xxx. Exegi monumentum cere perennius, and allusions. The book of Epodes. Years of Horace xxxiv, xxxv. R. B. =: 33, 34. F. H. b. c. 32, 31. The war impending betwixt Caesar and Antony .„ Horace desires to accompany Maecenas to the war : the battle of Actium, Sept. 2 On the first news of the victory he addresses Maecenas In this year probably Horace rents or buys the Cottage and Garden at Tivoli. 1 & v. 2 S. vi. Ep. ix. 7—10. 2 S. vi. 55, 6. 2 S. in. 185, G. Ep. vii. Ep. i. Ep. ix. BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF THE 30 27 25 24 23 21 Year of Horace. 35 36 38 40 41 42 44 The second Class of his Writings, The first book of Odes. Years of Horace... xxxvi, xxxvn, xxxviii. R.B. = 35, 36, 37, F. H. B. c. 30, 29, 28, [27.] The second book of Odes. Years of Horace xl, xli. R. B. = 39. 40, F. H. b. c. [27,] 26, 25. The third book of Odes. Years of Horace xlii, xliii. R. B. = 41, 42. F.H. b. c. 24, 23, [22,21.] Death of Antony and Cleopatra End of the civil wars : the Temple of Janus shut. The deliberation about restoring the republic, and that allegory, Onavis referent... composed On the Ides of January (13th) the appellation of Augustus conferred on Caesar : in the following night a storm and inundation, (vid. Append, iv.) Augustus goes into Spain : he appears also to have meditated an expedition to Britain ... After the Cantabrian war, the Temple of Janus shut a second time by Augustus Augustus returns from the war in Spain < An Embassy from Parthia : allusion supposed to it M. Lollius, the Elder, Consul : Horace com- pletes his 44th year Authorities. and allusions. 1 C. xxxvii. 1 C. xiv. 1 C. ii. 1 C. xxxv. 30. 4 C. xv. 8, 9. 3 C. xiv. & viii. 21, 2. IE. xvm. 55, 6. 3 C. v. i. 4. 4 C. ix. 1 E. xx. 27, 8. 39. LIFE AND WRITINGS OF HORACE. (93) Before Christ. rear of Horace 20 19 17 15 45 46 48 50 The third Class of Horace's Writings, The first book of Epistles. Years of Horace xlvi, xlvii. R. B. — 45, 40. F. H. B.C. [22, 21,] 20, 19, [18.] The Carmen S^eculare, and the fourth book of Odes. Years of Horace xlix, l, li. R. B. = 48, 49, 50. F. H. b.c. [18] 17, 16, 15. The Roman Eagles actually restored from Parthia The Armenians subdued, and the Cantabri finally so. Cantaber Agrippae, Claudi virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit The Epistles in, vin, ix. written while Tiberius is in the East, and not later than this year. The death of Virgil. Ludi Sceculares, for the fifth time, celebrated. In this year, the Carmen Sseculare, and that prelude to it 4 C. vi. Dive, quern proles.., written. Horace marks his 50th year (as 2 C. iv. 23, 4. his 40th) Augustus remains in Gaul ; and reduces the Sicambri. His triumphal return, anticipated by Horace, did not take place till b. c. IS. Tiberius {Major Neronum) and Drusus sub- due the Rhseti and the Vindelici Authorities and allusions. 1 E. xviii. 56, 7, and 2 E. i. 256. 4C.xv. 6-8. 1 E. xii. 26. 4 C. i. 6. 4 C. ii. 33—44. 4C. iv. and xiv. 8—14. (94) BRIEF CHRONOLOGY Before Christ. Year of Horace 57 The fourth Class of Horace's Writings. The second book of Epistles, containing the two to Augustus Caesar, and to Julius Florus ; with the Epistle to the Pisos, called de Arte Poetica. ANNIS INCERTIS. v to Kalendas Decembres, On the 27th of November, within a few days of completing his 57th year, Horace dies. N.B. By the numbers here inserted in brackets as [37, 36] &c, it is intended to show, agreeably to what is already stated in p. 82, that the years left void by Bentley in his Chronology of the works might belong indifferently to the composition of the preceding or the subsequent Book. APPENDIX I HORACE'S FAMILIAR DAY, AND ROMAN CUSTOMS CONNECTED WITH IT. In the xxvith year of his age, b.c. 39- let us date the 6th Satire of the first book, keeping in mind also, that a sum- mer's day is the object of description, and that as he begins his story after luncheon, the cibus meridianus (Sueton. August. 78.) or prandium, so he brings us round to the same point again. 1 S. vi. Ill — 129. quacunque libido est, Incedo solus, percontor quanti olus ac far ; Fallacem circum, vespertinumque pererro Ssepe forum ; assisto divinis ; inde domum me Ad porri et ciceris refero laganique catinum : Coena ministratur pueris tribus ; et lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet ; astat echino Vilis cum patera guttus, Campana supellex. Deinde eo dormitum, non solicitus, mihi quod eras Surgendum sit mane, obeundus Marsya, qui se Vultum ferre negat Noviorum posse minoris. Ad quartam jaceo ; post hanc vagor ; aut ego, lecto Aut scripto quod me taciturn juvet : ungor olivo, Non quo fraudatis immundus Nacca lucernis. Ast ubi me fessum sol acrior ire lavatum Admonuit, fugio Campum lusumque trigonem. Pransus non avide, quantum interpellet inani Ventre diem durare, domesticus otior. Hjec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione gravique. 1. Here then vv. 111—1 14, Horace, after a simple luncheon, instead of sauntering about at home, as at other times he (96) APPENDIX I. might do, (v. 128. domesticus otior,) indulges in a walk into the city, careless and unattended ; asks the price of garden- herbs and bread-corn ; rambles about the Circus and the Forum, looking at the amusements and tricks which those places afforded, and especially stopping to observe the fortune-tellers (probably the de " circo astrologi " of Tully, de Divin. i. 58.) in the pursuit of their craft : for it must not be supposed that by the words, assisto divinis, Horace could possibly mean u I go to church and pray," as Creech has most absurdly translated it ; raising ideas in the mind of the reader, to which there was nothing corre- spondent in the religious services of Rome. 2. By this time, the evening hour approaches, (already v. 114. vespertinum,) and sends him home to dinner. That meal, ccena, consists of vegetable dishes and a kind of pan- cake : the boys who wait at table are three, evidently con- sidered a very small number, (even ten slaves formed but a moderate familia, 1 S. in. 12). The marble slab holds two goblets for wine and water, with a measuring-cup : by the rinsing-bowl is set an oil-cruet and a patera for liba- tion, plain ware all of them. 3. After the meal thus described, in his earliest and sim- plest style of living at Rome, he retires to bed, free from all uneasiness as to rising betimes, because under no necessity to visit the statue of Apollo and Marsyas, that is, to attend the Courts of Justice, in the morning. 4. From his couch, after some hours spent as usual in study, (lecto aut scripto quod taciturn juvet,) he does not rise till towards ten : he then strolls into the Campus Mar- tius, and prepares himself {ungor olivo) for exercise, speci- fically that of the pila velox or the lusus called trigon. As the day becomes too sultry, he withdraws from the Campus to bathe, doubtless in the Tiber hard by. The next and Horace's familiar day. (97) final stage of the story carries him home to his luncheon ; soon after which it was that this sketch of his familiar clay first took him up. Under these four heads there arise not a few subjects of curious remark. And first of the luncheon ; for breakfast (jentaculum) usually they had none. With Horace, after such a morning's work as we have seen, agreeably to his own precept, 2 S. ii. 14, 15. Quum labor extuderit fastidia, siccus, inanis, Sperne cibura vilem — if you can, that meal was quite plain and merely enough for its neces- sary purpose, to pacify the stomach till the late dinner time. Pransus non avide quantum interpellet inani Ventre diem durare. . vv. 127, 8. Elsewhere he thus describes such a frugal meal, 2 S. ii. 17« cum sale panis Latrantem stomachum bene leniet. . .. which just agrees with Seneca's account, (L. xn. Epist. 84. Ed. 1573.) Panis deinde siccus et sine mensa prandium ; post quod non sunt lavandae manus. For the luxurious palate very different provision was made. Even fish (as from that beautiful Satire, 2 S. it. Quai virtus et quanta, boni . . we gather incidentally) was a requisite of the table. vv. 16, 17- Foris estpromus, et atrum Defendens pisces hiemat mare and the choicest wine sweetened with the finest honey formed its accompaniment. vv. 15, 10. nisi Hymettia mella Falerno Ne biberis diluta. The learned Professor of Gastronomy (2 S. iv. Unde et h (98) APPENDIX I. quo Catms?) gravely advises to finish with mulberries gathered in the morning. vv. 21 — 23. Hie salubres JEstates peraget, qui nigris prandia moris Finiet, ante gravem quae legerit arbore solem. But instead of so strong a wine mixed with honey, which he very rationally condemns, we have a weaker mixture (mul sum) recommended. vv. 24—27* Aufidius forti miscebat mella Falerno, Mendose : quoniam vacuis committere venis Nil nisi lene decet : leni praecordia mulso Prolueris melius. In passing next to the dinner, the time of it deserves our first attention. Horace, who professed (2 S. vn. 23.) to ad- mire the mores antiques plebis, agreeably to that profession and to the still general custom, dined at a late hour. So did the lawyers, whether the Consultus juris or the Actor emisarum, A. P. 369, *J0 ; whose business either in the courts or at their own houses, kept them engaged till the evening. What says Horace to a supposed aspirant ? 1 E. vi. 20. Gnavus mane forum, et vespertinus pete tectum. and thus in his invitation to Manlius Torquatus : 1 E. v. 3. Supremo te sole domi, Torquate, manebo. id* 30, 1. Tu quotus esse velis, rescribe: et rebus omissis Atria servantem postico falle clientem. Such was the case with all persons, who either would not or could not sacrifice business to pleasure. In conformity with that principle, Maecenas also adhered to the old custom. 2 S. vii. 32 — 34 Jusserit ad se Maecenas serum sub lumina prima venire Gonvivam .... are the words of Davus to his master- HOltACE^S FAMILIAR DAY. (99) And hence it conies, that whenever an early hour in that age is mentioned, some imputation is conveyed also of in- dulgence and excess : for luxury in the higher ranks had, for prolongation of convivial enjoyment, gradually carried back the hour of dining towards the middle of the day. Without pretending to trace the origin and progress of fashion in this respect, we may appeal to Tully's authority about 45 b. c. as apparently decisive that three was then a fashionable hour for the voluptuous. Epist. ad Divers, ix. 26, Accubueram liord nond 9 cum ad te harum exemplum in codicillis exaravi. Dices, ubi ? apud Volumnium Eutrapelum ; et quidem supra me Atticus, infra Verrius, familiares tui. Miraris tarn exhila- ratam esse servitutem nostram Infra Eutrapelum Cytheris accubuit, &c. &c. At the time that Horace wrote the second book of Satires (b. c. 34.) it should appear from his account of that famous entertainment, 2 S. viii. Ut Nasidieni, &c, that the luxu- rious hour for dining must have been at least as early as one or two: what he says to Fundanius, who was in the number of the guests on that day, Nam mihi quaerenti convivam dictus here illic De medio potare die even with some allowance for hyperbole, can hardly be other- wise interpreted. Long after, in the age of Martial, three had become the regular hour. Epigram, iv. 8. Imperat extructos f rangere nona toros ...... and Juvenal mentions, evidently with severity of remark, the practice of Marius to begin at two. Sat. I. 49, 50. Exul ab oetava Marius bibit, et fruitur Diis Iratis .... Thus much for the hour at which Horace usually took h2 (100) APPENDIX T. his dinner. On the constituents of his humble meal enough has been said elsewhere, Prel. Diss. pp. 56 — 58. It is not to be denied, however, that from this habitual average both of diet and of time he frequently deviated ; but the confession of gaieties and follies in the following characteristic passage ? from the mention of his favourite but short-lived Cinara, (4 C. xni. 21, 2. Cinarse breves \ Annos fata dederunt.) may be received as belonging to a brief period only in the heyday of his life. 1 E. xiv. 32 — 30. Quern tenues decuere togae nitidique capilli, Quem scis immunem Cinarse placuisse rapaci, Quern bibulum liquidi media de luce Falerni, Ccena brevis juvat, et prope rivum somnus in herba ; Nee lusisse pudet,sed non incidere ludum. [sc. puderet.] For a specimen of his company and the preparations for their entertainment, that delightful Epistle to Torquatus (1 E. v. Si potes Archiacis . . . ) happily supplies so much of particular and interesting description ; that it may be as well to present the following extracts to the reader's eye. vv. 4 — 6. Vina bibes iterum Tauro diffusa palustres Inter Minturnas Sinuessanumque Petrinum. Sin melius quid habes, arcesse, vel imperium fer. v. 7« Jamdudum splendet focus, et tibi munda supellex v.'. 9 11. crasnato Caesare festus Dat veniam somnumque dies; impune licebit iEstivam sermone benigno tendere noctem. vv. 21 — 26. Haec ego procurare et idoneus imperor, et non Invitus ; ne turpe toral, ne sordida mappa Corruget nares ; ne non et cantharus et lanx Ostendat tibi te ; ne fidos inter amicos Sit qui dicta foras eliminet ; ut coeat par Jungaturque pari. Here first of all we have an example of good-natured arrangement proposed betwixt the host and his principal guest : " you hear what kind of wine I profess to give : if Horace's familiar day. (101) you have any better, order it to my house : [arcesse — ad me. Vet. Schol.] or be content with what I offer you." With Virgil again we shall find him playfully bargaining to produce a finer and costlier wine on condition of his friend's bringing to the dinner a richer perfume. (The costliness of unguents in that age may be estimated by their being one of the common causes of ruin to the vain and the gay. 1 E. xviii. 22. Gloria quera supra vires et vescit et unguit.) 4 C. xn. 17, 18. Nardi parvus onyx eliciet cadum, Qui nunc Sulpiciis accubat horreis. Catullus on the contrary (xiii. Ccenabis bene, mi Fa- bulle, apud me) offers the very choicest perfume to Fabul- lus, if he will bring the materials of a good dinner along with him. Another variety of good fellowship is presented to us in that Ode 3 C. xix. Quantum distet ah Inacho . . . where the Poet incidentally gives the principal requisites of a dinner, for which the richest wine was to be purchased at the common expense, Quo Chium pretio cadum | Mercemur : what friend's house was to have the preference, Quo prae- bente domum ; and as it was a day in winter, the provision of a warm room against an assigned hour, Qutoa | Pelignis caream frigoribus ; form other points of consideration. The words, Quis aquam temperet ignibus, in such a context can bear but one meaning, that on a wintry day they would naturally mingle hot water with their wine. The " calidae gelidoeque minister" of Juvenal (S. v. 63.) would have had but half his province on a day like that in the very depth of winter. The 7th line of the Epistle Jamdudum ... forcibly reminds one of the Ode to Maecenas, (3 C. xxix.) by that expressive word, but still more by contrast in the preparation there made by the Poet to receive his patron. vv. 2 — .3. Nun ante verso lene merum cado Cum flore, Maecenas, rosaruni, et (102) APPENDIX I. Pressa tuis balanus capilKs Jamdudum apud me est. . . . where for once his invitation includes choice wine, garlands of roses, and unguents of exquisite odour, such articles as never occur in like manner mentioned elsewhere. The lines next quoted from the Epistle serve incidentally eo show, that Horace for that year at least staid in the city over the birth-day of the Great Julius ; then observed as a diesfestus by cessation from business and affording oppor- tunity in its eve for a longer night of cheerfulness than his friend the lawyer could otherwise have enjoyed. The day itself (F. H. b. c. 100) fell on the 12th of July, quarto Idus Quintiles : and on the preceding evening the sun would set at Rome nearly at seven o'clock of our reckoning. This particular may here deserve notice, if it be only to introduce one remark ; that as the natural or solar day with them was divided into twelve hours (from the ist to the xnth) of different length at different seasons, I may be ex- cused in trusting to the intelligence of the reader for more exact calculation, whenever in these pages the Roman hour is assumed generally as answering to our own, on the well known scale, at the time of the Equinox. Libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas. Geo. i. 20& The remaining lines of the Epistle sufficiently exemplify that charm of the mundce pauperum coence, superadded to the more essential taste in selecting a party of congenial spirits ; which to the humble triclinium of Horace, neat but narrow, (such the lecti of Archias's making seem to have been,) must have imparted a peculiar attraction, beyond the purchase of luxury and opulence. Horace's familiar day. (10.S) In the usual arrangements of his time, Horace never appears to have been what we call a late sitter-up for Jiterary purposes : nor was such the general custom of the Romans. Of Augustus, however, the contrary practice is recorded (Sueton. in August. 7&.) partly for the completion of his regular journal, and partly from his dislike, as a bad sleeper perhaps^ to early rising. A coena lucubratoriam se in lecticulam recipiebat . . . Matutina vigilia offendebatur. To his morning studies Horace must have paid assiduous application, as we see him on his couch ad quart am engaged in the lucubratio matutina ; and again when appealing to his own habits in the cultivation of self-knowledge, towards the conclusion of that admirable Satire, 1 S. iv. 133, 4. neque enim, cum lectulus aut me Porticus excepit, desum mihi. Elsewhere too, at a much later period of life, he playfully tells of himself, 2 E. i. Ill — 113. Ipse ego qui nullos me affirmo scribere versus, Invenior Parthis mendacior ; et prius orto Sole vigil y culamum et chartas etscrinia posco. And in the hortatory address to his young friend Lollius, when he solemnly recommends the task of moral reflection; the morning hour, as a matter of course, is mentioned for that purpose. 1 E. it. 32 — 37- Ut jugulent hominem, surgunt de nocte latrones ; Ut teipsum serves, non expergisceris ? Atqui Si noles sanus, curres hydropicus : et ni Posces ante diem librum cum lumine, si nou Iuteudes auimum studiis et rebus honestis : Invidia vel amore vigil torquebere. (104) APPENDIX I. Before we dismiss this description of Horace's familiar day, which has unavoidably run to a great length of detail, two or three additional remarks may suffice to conclude the subject. A course of daily life like that here delineated could hardly be supposed to glide along without considerable varieties. One such, and of frequent occurrence probably, is presented to us in the Satire, 1 S. ix. Ibam forte Via sacra . . . Horace must have taken that walk into the city some two hours before the usual time that he quitted his morning couch : for when he and his tormentor had gone. as far as the Temple of Vesta, the fourth part of the day then having elapsed (v. 35. quarta jam parte diei | Praeterita) it would be nine o'clock of our reckoning; which seems to involve a different disposition of the forenoon altogether. Nor are we to imagine that Horace did not occasionally take his share abroad in the morning duties of common life. The officiosa sedulitas in attending levees (1 E. vn. 8.) and the opella forensis in giving bail for a friend, &c. (ibid.) were certainly not unknown to him. For the salutandi plures (1 S. vi. 101.) is what he deprecates as one of the troubles consequent on the supposition of a higher parentage; and the words, 2 S. vi. 2J. quod mi obsit, clare certumque locuto, after answering in the court, to my own detri- ment, perhaps, may fairly attest that his good nature now and then intangled him in the losses which proverbially belong to suretyship in all ages of the world. A kind- hearted man like Horace, therefore, would understand very well what it meant, A. P. v. 423. Spondere levi pro paupere , . . nor could he to the supposed son of opulence have put the touching question, 2 S. li. 103. Cur eget indignus quisquam, te divite ? HORACE^ FAMILIAR DAY. (105) had he not felt his own heart experimentally alive on that very key. His bathing as here stated, in the river Tiber, was what followed the forenoon exercise, in the Campus, of a young man, and at that season of the year ; 2 S. i. 7, 8. Ter uncti Transnanto Tiberim, somno quibus est opus alto. 3 C. xn. 9. Simul unctos Tiberinis humeros lavit in undis. And it must therefore be carefully distinguished from the common use of the warm bath (balneum), at all seasons, which took place in the afternoon, immediately before dinner. Though in his familiar day at Rome, before he got the Sabine estate, he represents himself as usually dining alone ; yet after that accession to his means, we find him for the sake of society frequently entertaining certain persons who were glad to earn a dinner by their wit. Thus, as Maecenas at the entertainment given by Nasidienus took with him his umbrcB the two scurrce, Servilius and Vibidius, (2 S. viii. 21, 2,) so Horace at home had similar dependents on his hospitality. Such was the fashion of the day : and the description is ludicrous enough, of the parasites going off with- out their errand, whenever the Patron on the sudden sent for the Poet to dine with him at a late hour on the Esquiline Hill. 2 S. vn. 36. Milvius et scurrse, tibi non referenda precati, Discedunt. If it be asked whether the habits of the rural population in respect of their meals corresponded to the mores antiquce plebis of the city, it may be briefly answered, with some probability, in the affirmative. (106) APPENDIX I. Martial, for instance, allusively represents the wife of the great Curius in that early age, vi. 64, dum prandia portat aranti : and to this traditional story of the luncheon we may fairly subjoin Horace's contemporary account of the principal meal or cwna at the close of the day's work. Ep. n. 39 — 48. Quod si pudica mulier. . . Sacrum vetustis exstruat lignis focum Lassi sub adventum viri. ***** Et horna dulci vina promens dolio, Dapes inemtas apparet ; &c. In Horace's age 9 it is here asserted, that the Romans usually took no breakfast. Of such a point minuter ex- amination for different periods may well be excused. From the epigrams of Martial, however, while it appears, that for general use he recommends the caseus Vestinus, (xm. 31,) we also learn that boys rising at a very early hour had that allowance in a cake or biscuit made for the purpose. xiv. 223. Surgite, jam vendit pueris jentacula pistor, Cristataeque sonant undique lucis aves. At the other end of the day, the genuine debauch of the luxurious was not completed without a final carouse, which also had its proper appellation ; and in Suetonius's Life of Vitellius (§ 13.) we are informed, that the imperial gourmand sometimes contrived to dispatch the whole four, " facile omnibus sufficiens vomitandi consuetudine, r ' though with him every meal was a feast. That quaternion and the order of it, in a fictitious line to aid the memory, may thus be expressed : Jentaculum, dein prandium, post cccnam comissatio. (107) APPENDIX II. ON THE SABINE VALLEY AND THE SECOND EPODE. " Strictness of morals and cheerful contentedness were the peculiar glory of the Sabellian mountaineers, but especially of the Sabines and the four northern cantons : this they preserved long after the ancient virtue had disappeared at Romefrom the hearts and the demeanour of men." — Niebuhr's Rome, Vol. I. ch. vi. p. 85. Of the second Epode Beatus ille, qui procnl negotiis. . . I have already spoken, P. D. 29, as in its general cha- racter drawn from Horace's personal acquaintance with the Vale of Licenza : and this is true of the local as well as of the moral features. The rural picture however, though generally sketched from his own valley, is not so much the veritable portrait of one scene as a composition landscape from many. Thus, the vine and the olive, vv. 9 — 12; 55, 6. though not then grown there, P. D. 33, are intro- duced by the painter to enrich his tablet ; while the same old ilex of which it is said elsewhere, 1 E. xvi. 10. multa dominum juvat umbra, evidently belonged to the spot, and gave its occasional shade to the reclining Poet. vv. 23, 4. Libet jacere modo sub antiqua iMce, Modo in tenaci gramine. For the materials of full and exact description, indeed, we must look to that Epistle, 1 E. xvi. Ne perconteris . . . and to part of xiv, Villice, sylvarum ... as well as to 2 S. vi. Hocerat in votis. ,. ; sources of information, without which many cir- (108) APPENDIX II. cumstances brought forward in the former part of these pages must have remained unknown to us. Whenever Horace touches the subject, he marks it with some trait of peculiarity ; and in that view the following passage also may be here adduced, 1 E. x. 6. ego laudo runs amoeni Rivos et musco circumlita saxa nemusque, as being certainly descriptive of the Sabine valley ; and not of Tivoli, to which place even Fuscus, the urbis amator, would hardly deny the merit of its commanding beauties. The delineation of rural life demands a larger share of our notice. It has been already remarked, P. D. 29, that in the Sabine country Horace never describes any immo- ralities nor alludes to any as existing there. In the person of his Alfius, and in reference to such intrigues and profli- gacy, as then too much belonged to the city character, vv. 37, 8. Quis non malarum quas amor curas habet, Haec inter obliviscitur ? he converts the exemption from those evils into a theme of positive gratulation. In a similar tone, indeed, but on a larger scale, we find Horace in the Ode 3 C. xxiv. Intactis opulentior . . con- trasting the moral superiority, so supposed, of the rude Scythian over the cultivated citizen of Rome, vv. 9, 11. Campestres melius Scythas * * * * Vivunt, et rigidi Getac. . . while the great Tacitus more fully and with greater spirit, as that period warranted, pursues the same topic, in his comparison of civil with savage life. But both the Poet and the Philosopher are evidently led by their strong dislike of Roman vices to overcharge their eulogy of Barbarian virtues. The latter in many parts of his Germany has, THE SABINE VALLEY. (109) in fact, left us rather an oblique and grave satire on his Countrymen than a well authenticated panegyric on the Germans. It is not, therefore, from high-flown praises like these bestowed on the uncivilized character in spite, as it were, to the degeneracy of the civilized, that one would think of deriving any trustworthy evidence to exalt the rural popu- lation of Italy. To the testimony of Virgil and of Horace also, on the other hand, when directly and sincerely lauding that moral excellence which they had themselves witnessed in the country people around them, no exception can be taken. Beyond recording the plain truth, as in itself delightful to contemplate, they could have no intelligible motive for over- colouring the picture, except in the pure and patriotic love of those natural virtues which after all formed the true basis of the greatness and the glory of Rome. It is unnecessary to call the reader's mind to the whole of that splendid passage which forms the conclusion of the second Georgic, v. 459, O fortunatos nimium . . . but for illustration of our present purpose these detached pieces may suffice. 513-515. Agricola incurvo terram dimovit aratro : Hinc anni labor : hinc patriam parvosque nepotes Sustinet : hinc armenta boum, meritosque juvencos. 523, 4. Interea dulces pendent circura oscula nati : Casta pudicitiam servat domus. And then, how masterly, how complete, in detail as in principle, is the interior which he has here painted ! TEn. vni. 407-413 Inde ubi prima qnies medio jam noctis abactae Curriculo expulerat somnura, cum femina primmn Cui tolerare colo vitam tenuique Minerva Impositum, cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignes, Noctem addens operi ; famulasque ad lumina longo Exercet penso ; castum ut servare cubile Conjugis, et possit parvos educere natos. (110) APPENDIX If. To this animated picture from Virgil, here is a pendant from Horace, distinctly and spiritedly done with a few vivid touches. Ep. ii. 39 — 44. Quod si pudica mulier in partem juvet Domura atque dulces liberos, (Sabina qualis, aut perusta solibus Pernicis uxor Appuli,) Sacrum et vetustis exstruat lignis focum Lassi sub adventum viri. Then too, in that Ode, 3 C. vi. Delict a major um * * . after lamenting the profligate manners of high life in his own day, what a noble turn does the solemn reflection take, when he thus reverts to the greatest of Roman victories, and to that discipline of the rustic home and. parentage, which formed the future soldier to achieve them I vv. 33 — 46. Non his juventus orta parentibus Infecit aequor sanguine Punico, Pyrrhumque et ingentem cecidit Antiochum Annibalemque dirum i Sed rusticorum mascula militum Proles, Sabellis docta ligonibus Versare glebas, et severae Matris ad arbitrium recisos Portare fustes ; sol ubi montium Mutaret umbras, et juga demeret Bobus fatigatis, amicum Tempus agens abeunte curru. (Ill) APPENDIX III. ON MAECENAS AND THE FIRST ODE OF THE FIRST BOOK. " Maecenas was the wisest counsellor, the truest friend, both of his prince and his country, the best governor of Rome, the happiest and ablest nego- tiator, the best judge of learning and virtue, the choicest in his friends, and thereby the happiest in his conversation, that has been known in story : and, I think, to his conduct in civil and Agrippa's in military affairs may be truly ascribed all the fortunes and greatness of Augustus, so much celebrated in the world."— .Sir W. Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, Qc. Maecenas as personally connected with Horace, will form the limited subject of this article. The connection of that great minister with the affairs of Rome belongs to Roman history, or to a very ample biography of the Statesman at once and the Patron of literature. In the latter view, the Mcecenas of J. H. Meibomius, sive de C. Cilnii Mcecenatis vita, moribus, et rebus gestis, liber singularis. 1653. pre- sents a vast collection of interesting materials, which might however have been more happily disposed. Of Horace's first introduction to the acquaintance and favour of Maecenas, P. D. p. 58 ; of his being enriched by him with a Rus and Villula in the Sabine Valley, p. 21 ; of his earnestly begging to share the dangers of the war along with him, p. 34; of his invitation to his noble friend in that grand Ode, Tyrrhena regum ... p. 41 ; of Mae- cenas as the Patron and only Patron of Horace, p. 58 ; and of the association of his name with Horace and Tivoli, p. 79 ; enough has been said on the several occasions here referred to. But the personal connection of these illus- trious men, even within the bounds so prescribed, will admit (112) APPENDIX ITT. of many topics variously calculated to illustrate the merits of the one and the gratitude of the other. Singularly enough, the first mention in point of time perhaps, which the pen of Horace has left of Maecenas, and certainly the very last introduction of his name, (to say nothing of 2 C. xvn. Cur me querelis . . . and of all the intermediate demonstrations,) bear striking testimony to the early and late affection, which united the Patron to the Poet on terms of the most familiar attachment. Thus, in 1 S. in. Omnibus hoc vitium est. . . Horace has to display the perverseness with which an uncandid con- struction of character is too often indulged ; and he exem- plifies in his own case the offence which persons, less generous and less judicious than Maecenas, would have taken at such freedom as the Statesman when interrupted bore with perfect good humour. vv. 63— 6G. Simplicior quis, et est, qualem me scepe libenter Obtulerim tibi, Mascenas, ut forte legentem Aut taciturn impellat quovis sermone molestus ? Communi sensu plane caret, inquimus. After the continuance for five and twenty years of a friendship begun in such a spirit, and at a period of his writings (P. D.) when new topics for direct address could hardly be expected, Horace thus beautifully and not the less so for the oblique way of introducing it, in the Ode to Phyllis, marks the celebration of Maecenas's birth-day. 4 C. xi. 13 — 20. Ut tamennoris quibus advoceris Gaudiis ; Idus tibi sunt agendae, Qui dies mensem Veneris marinae Findit Aprilem ; Jure solennis mihi, sanctiorque Psene natali proprio ; quod ex hac Luce Mcecenas mens affluentes Ordinat annos. Of that genuine frankness, the touchstone by which sin- ON M.ECENA.S. (113) eerity betwixt two friends may be tested, we have already witnessed (P. D. ^5.) an admirable proof; where Horace re- monstrates with Maecenas on his protracted absence in the country having been made the subject of complaint. In the following lines, 1 E. i. 94 — 105. Si curatus inaequali tonsore capillos Occurri, rides : si forte subucula pexse Trita subest tunicse, vel si toga dissidet impar, Rides. Quid, mea cum pugnat sententia secum ? Quod petiit, spernit ; repetit quod nuper omisit ? JEstuat et vitx disconvenit ordine toto ? Diruit, aedificat, mutat quadrata rotundis ? Insanire putas solennia me, neque rides, Nee medici credis nee curatoris egere A praetore dati ; rerum tutela mearum Cum sis, et prave sectum stomacheris ob unguem De te pendentis, te respicientis amicL we discover a yet bolder tone of expostulation, but in- volving at the close an acknowledgment of deep and cordial devotedness which only such a benefactor by a long series of kindness could have created ; while protestation like this from Horace against Maecenas for inconsistency (somewhat overcharged, perhaps) in showing such extreme nicety as to the proprieties of his dress and so little solicitude as to the prudence and sanity of his conduct, may well be recorded as the result of a freedom accumulated during the intimacy of many years. With the advantage of such dispositions on the one side and the other, no wonder that the relationship of the major and the minor amicus proceeded so happily. And Horace, who with excellent sense could instruct Scaeva and Lollius (1 E. xvu. xviii.) how to live with the great, avoiding offence and maintaining respectability, would himself in the Palace of Maecenas easily steer without a pilot. But not only was the personal character of Maecenas in this relation of the man of rank to the man of genius i (114) APPENDIX III. all that friendship could desire : the whole plan of his select establishment (Praesertim cautum dignos assumere, prava Ambitione procul, 1 S. vi. 51.) was marked with liberality and wisdom, and admitted of no cabal, of no rivalry what- soever. 1 S. ix. 49—52. Domus hac nee purior ulla est, Nee raagis his aliena malis : nil mi officit unquam, Ditior hie, ant est quia doctior ; est locus uni- Cuique suus. In other great families, the bane of such intrigues, we know, demanded all the caution of an experienced adviser to warn the young Comes against it. 1 E. xviii. 78—83. Fallimur, et quondam non dignum tradimus : ergo Quern sua culpa premet, deceptus omitte tueri ; Ut penitus notum, si tentent crimina, serves, Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio : qui Dente Theonino cum circumroditur, ecquid Ad te post paulo ventura pericula sentis ? Of Maecenas's general vigilance and high talents as a statesman, (in that office, pluribus laboribus jactatus, Tacit. Annal. xiv. 53,) history may be left to speak : but to the same point Horace from personal knowledge incidentally testifies in so strong a manner, that in justice to both parties his evidence should be brought forward. Maecenas's common hour of dining, we have already seen, on Horace's authority, (App. i. p. 98,) was late in the day, and evidently so for the sake of public business: when that was over, if he wanted the society of a cheerful friend, a hasty invitation from the Esquiline was sent down to Horace. His being one of the party at Rufus's very early dinner, (App. i. p. 99,) we must consider as a deviation from usual practice, which at times could not well be avoided. Both from that Epistle (1 E. vn. Quinque dies.,,) and that Ode (3 C. xxix. Tyrrhena regum..) it appears that OX M.EOENAS. (115) Maecenas remained at his post in the city during the worst month, that of August, and over it. In the former, Horace descants on the dangers to others which he had not the strength or the courage to encounter himself. vv. 3 — 6. Si me vivere vis sanum recteque valentem ; Quam mihi das aegro, dabis aegrotare timenti, Maecenas, veniam ; dum ficus prima calorque Designatorem decorat lictoribus atris. In the latter, Horace when inviting Maecenas to Tivoli, as we have seen, (P. D. 790 thus marks the sultriness of the season, and the political anxieties which engaged him at Rome. vv. 17 — 20. Jam clarus occultum Andromedae pater Ostendit ignem ; jam Procyon furit, Et stella vesani Leonis, Sole dies reference siccos. vv. 25—28. Tu, civitatem quis deceat status, Curas ; et urbi solicitus times, Quid Seres et regnata Cyro Bactra parent Tanaisque discors. On a different occasion, (3 C. viii. Martiis ccelebs..) when Horace invites his noble friend to join him on the calends of March in commemorating his deliverance from that peril of the tree, after showing in the Stanzas, vv. 17—24. Mitte civiles super urbe curas. . . . that he had no cause then for alarm in the aspect of foreign affairs, the Poet concludes with exhorting him in his un- official capacity, privatus, to enjoy a brief respite (must not the passage be so interpreted ?) from attention otherwise due to the interests of clients and friends. vv. 25—28. Negligens, ne qua populus laboret, Parce privatus nimium cavere % Dona praesentis cape laetus horae, et Linque eevera. i2 (116) APPENDIX IIT. From the view taken of Maecenas on this broad scale, let us turn to that Ode of dedication, by which more than by any other tribute to his name he has hitherto been so well known to the admirers of Horace. The Ode (1 C. i. Maecenas atavis..) has very much laboured under one misinterpretation and one false lection which may deserve the regard of the critical reader. I. In the text of this edition, the lines which follow.. evehit ad Deos, with a full stop after those words, stand thus punctuated. vv. 7 — 14. Hunc si mobilium turba Quiritium Certat tergeminis tollere honoribus 5 Ilium, si proprio condidit horreo Quidquid de Libycis verritur areis ; Gaudentem patrio findere sarculo Agros, Attalicis conditionibus Nunquam dimoveas, ut trabe Cypria. Myrtoum pavidus nauta secet mare. If the true sense, as received by many editors, be deter- mined by that punctuation, it may be asked : how came the passage ever to be interpreted otherwise ? I feel no scruple then in imputing to two distinct causes all the error into which any of the commentators have been misled : partly, to their not being aware that Gaudentem. . .is justly em- ployed to designate a separate character, Him who delights (like Desiderantem quod satis est..3C. 1. 25, Him who bounds his desire by a competency ; Fulgentem imperio. . 3 C. xvi. 31. Him who has the splendid government, &c, &c), and yet more, to the disregard of a great peculiarity frequent enough in the best Greek and Latin authors ; namely, that after two or more specific subjects of thought are expressed, they do not seek, as modern nicety requires, some such mode of concluding the sentence, as may belong in common to all the notions that precede, but boldly and almost carelessly conclude it with what is strictly proper to that subject only which comes immediately last. ON MAECENAS. (1^7) This observation will of course be made more intelligible by two or three clear examples, and those from Horace, than by all the definition in the world. In the following passage for instance, 2 S. ii. 10—13. Vel, si Romana fatigat Militia assuetum Grsecai'i, seu (A) pila velox, Molliter austerum studio fallente laborem, Seu te (B) discus agit, (b) pete cedentem aera disco : it is evident, that whereas the preamble supposes two kinds of game, the pila and the discus, the exercise of the latter is expressly inculcated, that of the former is virtually under- stood. Let us proceed to a second case. 3 C. ii. 6 — 11. ilium ex mcenibus hosticis Matrona (A) bellantis tyranni Prospiciens, et adulta virgo (B), Suspiret, Eheu ! ne rudis agminum Sponsus (b) lacessat regius asperum Tactu leonem In this scene, one of highly poetic conception, the royal mother has no correlative object of apprehension separately assigned : the virgo has, her betrothed prince. That Ode to Fortune (1 C. xxxv. O Diva, gratum. . . . ) will furnish another instance. vv. 9— 1G. Te Dacus asper, te profugi Scythae, Urbesque, gentesque, et Latium ferox, Regumque matres barbarorum, et Purpurei metuunt tyranni, Injurioso ne pede proruas Stantem columnarn, neu populns frequeus Ad arma cessantes, ad anna Concitet, imperiumque frangat. Here, all the parties recounted have their causes of alarm in the vicissitudes of fate : but that cause which belongs to (118) APPENDIX III. the two last, and that alone, the dread of popular insurrec- tion, is specifically developed. In the passage which it is our object here to elucidate, there are three different characters proposed who are not to be tempted from their respective attachments, the proud candidate for public honours, the already rich importer at home of corn from Libya, and the contented yeoman Paterna rura bobus exercens suis. The splendid prize of temptation offered to each is wealth 44 beyond the dreams of avarice, r, but only to be won by his becoming a nauta, i. e. the adventurous mercator on the dangerous main. And here evidently enough, abhorrence at that offer, clogged with such a condition, would most na- turally strike the third character described ; being hardly attributable in the same degree to either of the preceding parties, since, to gain ulterior ends of ambition or opulence, even they might possibly be allured by so magnificent a prospect. When the passage is once placed in this clear and satisfac- tory light, it seems quite wonderful how the true interpreta- tion, which turns on Gaudentem, (as old at least as the time of Glareanus,) could ever have been so strangely missed, and modes to evade it, by otherwise interpreting the earlier part of the Ode, with such perverse ingenuity devised. II. The true reading at v. 29. of Te doctarum ... on ne- cessity arising from internal evidence, against me and the MSS , after the assent of scholars generally given, may now take its place as it were by acclamation. The following brief hints in favour of it, being partly novel also, may not be unacceptable. 1. To the interrogation of J. Jones, who edited Horace in 17^6. " Si jam Diis mistus esset superis Horatius, cur se Msecenatis suffragio cohonestari cuperet ? v nothing like a sufficient answer ever has been or can be given. ON MAECENAS. (119) 2. The antithetic use of Te and Me in the passage before us obviously breathes the favourite manner of Horace, par- ticularly in concluding his pieces. Take as three instances, 1 C. xn. 53. 57. Ille ...Te. 2 C. xvi. 33. 37- Te . . . mihi. 4 C. n. 53. 54. Te . . . Me. Other examples may be easily found. 3. Elsewhere, Horace appropriates, for lyric poetry, not the ivy, but the bay, both to himself and to Pindar. 2 C. vn. 19. Depone sub lauru mea. 3 C. xxx. 15, 16 et mihi Delphica Lauro cinge volens Melpomene comam. 4 C ii. 9. Laurea donandus Apollinari. 4. To the term doctarum and the propriety of its applica- tion no objection can be raised : for Maecenas again and again is addressed by Horace with the high compliment of elegant learning. That qualification, united with rank and generosity like his, rendered him what his very name now indicates, the excellent Patron of excellent Poets. But is Diis miscent superis, so applied, objectionable ? What language then do we find in Virgil? To Pollio, at once his critic and his patron, tamquam Deo, he meditates sacrifice. Bucol. in. 84, 5. Pollio amat nostram, quamvis est rustica, musam : Pierides, vitulam lectori pascite vestro. 5. Again, should any impropriety be alleged in giving the hedera to Maecenas as the Patron of literature and the Man of taste ; two authorities for such application from a Poet and a Scholar of our own, Mr. Pope and Dr. Bentley, the more striking for being quite unintentional, shall here be adduced. Essay on Criticism, vv. 705, G. " Immortal Vida ! on whose honour'd brow The PqcPs boy* and Critic's) ivy grow.'* (120) APPENDIX III. Dedication of Horace to Lord Oxford, towards the end. Si quaeris subscribi statuis Pater Academiahum ; si dicto Principis fidem imples, quo Literatorum Fautor publice audivisti ; haec Te cura quandoque tangat : hsec edera inter olivas tuas circum tempora Tibi serpat. Whoever wishes for more of literary disquisition on the merits of this question, and on the much disputed point who it was that originally suggested the reading Te, is referred to Qucestiones Venusince, No. VI. Gent. Mag. Sept. and Dec. 1835, and Jan. 1836 ; to Dr. James Douglases very learned Dissertation on the first Ode, in the British Mu- seum, (King^s Library, 4 Y. 3) ; and above all to F. A. Wolf, Analecta Liter aria, Vol. I. pp. 261 — 276. and Vol. II. pp. 282, 3. 566—571. To Wolf, also, (Vol. I. p. 266, Note,) before dismissing the subject, let my obligation be acknowledged for pointing out from Muretus the true sense of v. 20, in the first Ode, certainly not in general correctly understood. " Demere 'partem ale solido die, sine ulla dubitatione est meridiari, i. e. ipso meridie horam unam aut alteram dor- mire; quod qui faciunt, diem quodammodo frangunt et dividunt, neque eum solidum et oxon^pov esse patiuntur. Varro alicubi (de R. R. 1, 2, 5.) vocat diem diffindere in- siticio somno.'''' Muret. Opp. T. i. p. 530. [Ed. Ruhnken.] An oft quoted passage from Tully presents us with several curious particulars in a very small compass, the lucubratio relinquished and the meridiatio adopted, b. c. 44. during his stay in the country. Nunc qiiidem propter intermissionem forensis opera, et lucubrationes detraxi, et meridiationes addidi, quibus uti antea non solebam. — 2 De Divinat. 142. (121) APPENDIX IV. ON AUGUSTUS CJESAR AND THE SECOND ODE, JAM SATIS TERRIS. The notion of this well-known poem having been written on account of the prodigies which followed the assassination of Julius Csesar, it is hardly necessary to refute ; if it be but for a moment recollected, that Horace himself was at Athens in that year (b. c. 44.) and in the following years was serving under Brutus, as tribunus militant. The argu- ment of Sanadon, (following up a suggestion of Dacier,) who grounds it on facts recorded by Dio, seems to afford as complete a satisfaction perhaps, as such a question in this age can well admit. That historian informs us, (L. liti. 16, 20.) that in the night of that day, the Ides of January, b. c. 27, on which the high appellation of Augustus was conferred on Octa- vianus Caesar, the Tiber swollen (after a thunderstorm pro- bably enough) overflowed the lower parts of Rome with a tremendous inundation. Whatever prognostic of Augus- tus's future greatness might, if Dio reports it aright, be formed by soothsayers, Horace appears to have been led into a very different train of sombre reflection. He construes that awful visitation into a divine call for new measures to expiate the accumulated guilt of so continued a civil war. Scelus eocpiare (it is most justly remarked by Gesner) — hie non est punire interfectores Caesaris ; hoc olim factum erat, satisque parentatum illi sanguine tot hominum : sed purgare a scelere, ab impietate bellorum civilium, rempub- licam, tt pace firmare atque concordia, Hasc res cum hu- (122) APPENDIX IV. manis viribus major videatur, Deorum alicui negotium uti det Jupiter, rogant Romani, ut Apollini, &c. Thus interpreted, the only passage which might subject Horace to any charge of seeming to prompt vindictive severity against his own comrades at Philippi, falls to the ground ; and the sentiments which he expresses on other occasions at that period of his life, will be found in perfect harmony with the explication here given. In the Ode before us, his lamentation embraces all parties, v. 21. Audiet ewes acuisse ferrum, &c. and similarly in that Ode, 2 C. i. beginning Motum ex Metello consule civicum, the language is quite impartial ; vv. 4, 5. Arma \ Nondum expiatis uncta cruoribus. and vv. 29—31. Quis non Latino sanguine pinguior Campus sepulchris impia proelia Testatur, &c. . . . while the concluding stanzas of 1 C. xxxv. 33 — 40. Eheu ! cicatricum . . . ferrum. appeal to a religious kind of feeling, deeply characteristic, which at that time prevailed ; that in atoning for any domestic national crime the great healing course was to do their country service by hazarding life against its unconquered foes. The most dreadful example of such a principle operating is supplied by Tacitus, Annal. i. 49. who in that well-known narrative tells us, how, after the ringleaders of the mutiny, had been massacred by their fellow soldiers as a test of their return to duty, the surviving perpetrators of the deed in- stantly conceived this wild turn of enthusiasm. Truces etiam turn animos cupido involat eundi in hostem, piaculum furoris: nee aliter posse placari commilitonum ON AUGUSTUS CESAR. (123) manes, quam si pectoribus impiis honesta vulnera accepis- sent. We may now return to Augustus so entitled ; first how- ever premising, that a title like that, of sacred majesty, was not likely at the first to be given as his designation in common. Accordingly, even in the second book of Odes it occurs once only, (2 C. ix. 19, 20.) and that in conjunction with the name Ccesar: in the third book, only once alone (3 C. v. 3.) and that in a very peculiar context. But in pro- gress of years, as might be expected, the Epistles and the fourth book of Odes show it to have then become familiar enough to stand alone as a personal appellation in the lan- guage of verse. Let this rather minute detail serve for the correction of a slight error and oversight in Bentley, (De Temporibus, § 6,) while it is impossible not to acknowledge some confirmation thus afforded to his general theory. It can hardly be necessary here to remark, that several of the Poet's allusive meanings, clear enough at the time, especially those on matters of state, have from the studious delicacy of his language since vanished into thin air. The famous Ode, 1 C. xiv. O navis, referent ... adduced by Quintilian as a good example of allegory, has found an in- genious solution (the only one at all consistent with our chronology or with probability otherwise) in this happy con- jecture of Sanadon ; that it owed its birth to that critical season (b. c. 29.) when Cassar held deliberation with Agrippa and Maecenas, whether to retain or resign the sovereignty, whether to hazard or not the safety of the com- monwealth by restoring the republic. Horace, we may well believe, was determined by his honest feelings on the side of tranquillity after such a series of storms. And his own words, (124) APPENDIX IV. vv. 17, 18. Nuper solicitum quae mihi taedium, Nunc desiderium curaque non levis, sufficiently indicate, that during the years of civil discord he had known only distress and anxiety, while in the calm repose which he now might enjoy, the deepest affections of his heart found their natural anchorage. Nor can I deny the tribute of assent and admiration to Sanadon^ mode of interpreting, vv. 11, 12. Quamvis Pontica pinus, Sylvse filia nobilis, in reference to the Trojan origin of Roman glory; while by the line, v. 10. Non Dii quos iterum pressa voces malo, Horace beautifully intimates, that after such repeated mer- cies nothing more could now be expected, if they would venture out to sea again. Thus far then we deny any thing whatsoever like adula- tion to Augustus Caesar, or political apostacy, in the writings of Horace. On the other hand, while no proof exists of deep and remarkable attachment ever cherished to the party of Brutus, it is ^gratifying to observe, that, so long as the remembrance of Philippi retained any freshness about it, Horace not only abstains from any hint of reprobation thrown upon the cause itself, (in fact he never did so reflect upon it,) but speaks in the most guarded and delicate man- ner, where the mention of that name might have suggested a compliment to Augustus as the leader of a party. In that interesting Ode to Pompeius Varus, 2 C. vn. 9-12. Tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi, relicta non bene parmula ; Cum fracta virtus, et minaces Turpe solum tetigcre mento. ON AUGUSTUS C'JESAK. (125) what else do wc read, but that those followers of Brutus, young, ardent, and brave, did not realise on the field of battle that high confidence of success with which they ap- proached it. At all events, the attribute of military prowess, elsewhere accorded to the victorious side, as in Horace's own words, 2 E. II. 47, 8. Civilisque rudem belli tulit aestus in arma Caesaris Augusti non responsura lacertis. might surely be conceded by the vanquished party. But, in truth, for the natural result of that as of the other great engagements in the civil war, (Pharsalia, Philippi, Actium,) Tacitus, when he has occasion to allow the com- mencement in the East to be so far inauspicious to Vespa- sian's enterprise, furnishes at once the brief solution : the conquerors in each conflict had the old soldiers of the West on their side. Hist. 11. 6. Namque olim validissima inter se civium arma, in Italia Galliave, viribus Occidentis ccepta. Et Pompeio, Cassio, Bruto, Antonio, quos omnes trans mare secutum est civile bellum, haud prosperi exitus fuerant. After the battle of Philippi, so fatal to the republican cause, when in the terse and pointed language of Tacitus, Annal. 1. 2. " Bruto et Cassio csesis, nulla jam publica arma" and more especially when after some happy years, in which, under Maecenas's wing, Horace had enjoyed at Rome the literary leisure which he loved ; his attachment then to the cause of Caesar rather than to that of Antony, on the quarrel between those competitors for empire bursting out into war, cannot surely be wondered at, much less does it require any excuse. Yet even then, though he has de- voted an Ode to Cleopatra, a total silence regarding the name of Antony in whatever he wrote, marks the delicacy which he has observed on all subjects of political dissension. " Nor on any occasion," to use the words of Mr. Dunlop, (126) APPENDIX IV. (Hist, of Rom. Lit. Vol. in. p. 232,) " is the great Pompey or his son Sextus, long the chief enemy and rival of Augustus, ever mentioned with contumely or disrespect." The only exception, perhaps, appears in the ixth Epode, where Horace refers to the convivial joy which a few years before (b.c. 36.) he had shared with Maecenas on the defeat and flight of Sextus Pompeius, vv. 7 — 10. Ut nuper, actus cum freto Neptunius Dux fugit ustis navibus, Minatus urbi vincla, quae detraxerat Servis amicus perfidis. Agreeably to the above remark, even that Epode iv. Lupis et agnis . . (very doubtfully inscribed in Mcenam) with all its bitterness, if Maena can be the person attacked, aims the invective against him, not as the adherent and partisan of the younger Pompey, but as the insolent traitor and the double renegado. On the contrary, to the stern republican Cato and his Roman virtues, Horace in more than one splendid passage has borne the testimony of avowed admira- tion. 1 C. xn. 33 — 36. Romulum post hos prius, an quietum Pompili regnum memorem, an superbos Tarquini fasces, dubito, an Catonis Nobile letum. 2 C. i. 23, 4. Et cuncta terrarum subacta, Praeter atrocem animum Catonis. From that decisive day, Sept. 2, b. c. 3\,postquam bel- latum apud Actiwm atque omnem potestatem ad unum eonferri pads interfuit, Tacit. Hist. i. 1, it may well be excused, if the consideration of public affairs, as bearing on Horace's character, be not here pursued any farther. We have already seen, P. D. 18 — 20, with what honest ardour he celebrates the glories of Augustus at home and abroad : and not a breath of suspicion may be cast on gratulation or panegyric in his later years, at a period when the strong ON AUGUSTUS CESAR. (127) impulse of popular attachment and delight must have directed instead of following the language and emotions of the Poet. And here, connected intimately with the name of Au- gustus, on account of a project, soon discarded perhaps if ever seriously entertained by him let a page be devoted to the remonstrance of Horace in that magnificent Ode, 3 C. in. Justnm et tenacem propositi virum ... of which the poetry and right feeling cannot be questioned, whether the patriotic advice was wanted or not. The merit of discovering its only assignable reference and of developing its otherwise hidden beauties must be cheer- fully conceded to Tanaquil Faber. According to his in- genious conjecture, then, Augustus, it was fancied or feared, meditated to transfer the seat of empire from Rome to Ilium, (Alexandria now would not be thought of,) following in that, as was naturally supposed, the intention, so rumoured at one time, of the great Julius. " Quin etiam varia fama percrebruit migraturum Alexan- driam vel Ilium, translatis simul opibus imperii, exhaustaque Italia delectibus, et procuratione urbis amicis permissa." Sueton. % 79- Had a design like this been compatible with a high sense of justice, which, in respect of Rome, it clearly was not, Augustus might have been encouraged by the example of other heroes to persevere and to accomplish it. But, although conceived in a pious spirit — avitce Trojce. (vv. 59, 60.) such a scheme must be utterly abhorrent to the will of those deities, whose displeasure more than once had laid Troy in ruins. And the Poet, therefore, working on that ground, with admirable skill represents Juno assenting (128) APPENDIX V. to the deification of Romulus, (vv. 32 — 36,) only to intro- duce in a solemn declaration from her mouth the strict condition, again and again repeated, on which alone his Roman descendants might enjoy the empire of the world. It is no slight confirmation surely of T. Faber's hypo- thesis, that Virgil, towards the end of the xnth iEneid, v. 828. Occidit, occideritque sinas, cum nomine Troja, has concentered in that one verse, as the close of Juno's final speech to Jove, the whole drift and purpose of the long oration which Horace in her person has delivered. A coincidence of thought so remarkable as this could not escape the notice of an editor like Heyne ; who, however, in claiming the priority of its expression for Virgil, has as- sumed what here and elsewhere, in regard to anything parallel in their writings, it would be a hard task critically to demonstrate. APPENDIX V. DE PERSONIS HORATIANIS. Were the works of those commentators now extant who in the later Scholia are often mentioned as having written de Personis or de nominibus Horatianis, we should enjoy considerable advantage, no doubt, towards catching the point of many slight and allusive notices now imperfectly under- stood. But as the very fineness of touch, which gives the zest to such things, especially in satire, is the more quickly evanescent, the lapse of a very short time is often sufficient j)K PERSON IS HORATIANTS. 029) to render them irretrievably obscure. Of this truth, as Gesner in his Praefatio remarks, we have a curious example in Brossett's Commentary on the Satires of Boileau; which, though drawn up in the lifetime of that writer, required the aid of the Satirist himself for the completion of the task. Whatever now exists for illustration of Horace from sources of that traditional kind, may be found in the Indices Nominum like that of Zeunius, or in the Onomasticon of the younger Ernesti. An article from the German of Buttmann, on the Historical References and Allusions in Horace, is given in the Philological Museum, No. in. pp. 439 — 484 ; to which the reader may be referred for a great deal of curious and acute disquisition. The Greek names Lalage,Glycera, &c, occurring in Horace's Odes, he regards as on the whole fictitious, p. 446 ; and cuts off all necessity to trace the story of each person, beyond what each Ode sepa- rately contains for elucidating itself. For such interpretation as the knowledge of persons ad- dressed or of political events alluded to must supply, Buttmann's ingenious pages, though interesting whenever consulted, yet to my mind, on many points, are far from carrying conviction: for instance, where, as at page 483, in regard to Sextus Pompeius and his party, he builds so much on hypothetical history, purely so ; and particularly where he represents Horace " in his 27th or 28th year," as having " not yet formed any tie with the new rulers of the State." As bearing on the main purpose of a work like the present, it is clear, that after the attention paid to Maecenas and Augustus, the principal persons in our drama, few of the many other Personce Horatiance can require any long or particular notice. Of those names, indeed, several belong to the history of Rome, and can have little illustration here but what is derived from that source ; such as Agrippa, and Pollio, and Sallustius Crispus, the elder Lollius, and the young Neros : others again are of the class of Roman k (130) APPENDIX V. gentlemen and men of letters, such as vElius Lamia, Aris- tius Fuscus, Julius Florus, Pompeius Varus, Quintilius, Numicius, &c. Several of the last description, especially if they occur as repeatedly addressed or more than once mentioned, may now commodiously, in the writings of Horace chronologically arranged, be viewed according to the natural order in which the circumstances personally concerning them are presented to the eye of the reader. Under this head something has been already done in the Preface, for the names of Grosphus, Iccius, Quintius Hir- pinus, and Septimius : nor could the literary friends of Ho- race (P. D. 59, 60) as such be overlooked. Very much, after all, must still be left to the taste of each individual reader, and to the inclination which he feels for matters of such pecu- liar research. One question of this kind relating to Septimius may not unaptly be discussed here. If on the authority of the Commentator Vetus, as exhibited by Cruquius, we are to consider Titius (1 E. in. 9.) and Septimius, (ix. 1.) as names of the same person ; then it seems to follow, that the Epistles in, viii, and ix, do not now stand in the same order of time in which they were originally written, that is, the ixth, which recommends Septimius to the favour of Tiberius Claudius Nero, must have preceded the ind, in which Titius is spoken of as already in the suite of that young Prince : and not improbably it was by the hands of Sep- timius when he carried that introduction, that the vinth Epistle also was conveyed to Celsus Albinovanus, then one of the party. Taken in this succession, these three Epistles may perhaps be better understood and more agreeably perused. On Agrippa, however, and Sallustius the younger, and JSfasidienus Rufus and the Pisos, some short remarks may clearly be permitted, from the relation which they bear to Horace in one aspect or another. 1)E PER S ONI S JIORATIANIS. (131) 1. Flattery of Agrippa has never been imputed to Horace ; in whose praises of the warrior (1 C. vi. Scriberis Vario . . .) every compliment must be allowed to be per- fectly fair. His high fame too and popularity, even before the battle of Actium, and the splendid wotks of his iEdile- ship, (b. c. 33.) are elsewhere (2 S. in. 185, and 1 E. vi. 26.) briefly touched upon. The former of those passages may justify an observation rising out of the anachronism committed in it. The story of Servius Oppidius (vv. 168 — 186) is told by Horace (lecturing in the mask of Stertinius) as having occurred at Canusium when he was a boy. At that time, to say nothing of other persons, no Agrippa was known: but the playful aberration of Horace's pen, both as to place and to date, only makes the introduction of Agrippa^s name the pleasanter on that account : with the son, already betraying symptoms of young ambition, the father expostulates before- hand on the folly and madness of it. vv. 185, 6. Scilicet utplausus, quos fert Agrippa, feras tu, Astuta ingenuum vulpes imitata Zemiem? That Satire, on the other hand, 2 S. v. Hoc quoque, 77- resia . . has of course all its anachronism instantly seen, as is facetiously intended : and the anger of Ulysses, vv. 18, 19. Utne tegam spurcoBamse latus ? Haud ita Trojre Me gessi, certans semper melioribus has the more exquisite effect for the contrast of such an ancient hero with such a modern upstart ! 2. The younger Sallust, great nephew of the historian, is known to the readers of Horace from that beautiful Ode, 2 C. n. Nulkis argento . . . and I agree with Ernesti in his Onomasticon, that he must not be confounded with the Sallustius . . in libertinas insajniens . . of 1 S. n. 48, 9, apparently a much older man. What leads to the mention of him in this place, is the similitude which Tacitus tells us he bore to Maecenas, that is, in general character ; for any k2 (132) APPENDIX V. thing like his participation in the murder of Postumus Agrippa, (Annal. i. 6,) was never imputed to the Prime Minister of Augustus. Here is the masterly sketch of the Annalist, in. 30. Atque ille, quamquam prompto ad capessendos honores aditu, Maecenatem aemulatus, sine dignitate Senatoria, mul- tos triumphalium consulariumque potentia anteiit : diversus a veterum instituto, per cultum et munditias ; copiaque et adfluentia luxu propior : suberat tamen vigor animi, ingen- tibus negotiis par, eo acrior, quo somnum et inertiam magis ostentabat. And in those significant words, we read the elementary formation of a character, which, with various shades of better and worse, came naturally to be cultivated under the altered circumstances of imperial government. The younger Sallust affords a clear specimen of its first deterioration, in the court of Tiberius. Manius Lepidus, on the other hand, even at that period, Tacitus records to have been (Annal. iv. 20,) . . . illis temporibus gravem et sapientem virum ; and after noticing the influence for good possessed by him and exerted with that Prince, starts the disquisition, " an sit aliquid in nostris consiliis, liceatque, inter abruptam contumaciam, et deforme obsequium, pergere iter, ambitione et periculis vacuum." The picture of Crispus, in Domitian's day, as a success- ful good natured old courtier, but without any ability or wish to exemplify the virtues of Lepidus, we may peruse finely delineated in these verses of the contemporary Satirist. Juv. S. iv. 81 — 91. Venit et Crispi jucunda senectus, Cujus erant mores, qualis facundia, mite Ingenium. Maria ac terras populosque regenti Quis comes utilior, si clade et peste sub ilia. Ssevitiam damnare, et honestum adferre liceret Consilium ? Sed quid violentius aure tyranni, Cum quo de pluviis aut aestibus, aut nimboso Vere, locuturi fatum pendebat amici ? DE PERSONIS HOBATIANIS. (133) Ille igitur nunquam direxit brachia contra Torrentem ; nee civis erat, qui libera posset Verba animi proferre, et vitam impendere vero. The portrait of Agricola, known to every scholar, as drawn at full length by the affectionate pencil of his son-in-law, may conclude the catalogue. The partial admiration, how- ever, of Tacitus for that great and good man, has tempted the biographer into an apparent severity of reflection on persons not endowed with felicity of temperament like his. S. 42. Sciant quibus moris illicita mirari, posse etiam sub malis principibus magnos viros esse : obsequiumque ac modestiam, si industria et vigor adsint, eo laudis excedere, quo plerique per abrupta, sed in nullum reipublicae usum, ambitiosa morte inclaruerunt. And yet Agricola, we read, even if he died by a natural death, was hardly permitted to end his days in peace. Nor could Tacitus, when afterwards on the high road of his- torical duty, deny the stamp of his deepest praise to Paetus Thrasea and Barea Soranus, and to other noble spirits, whose examples of fortitude and honesty, in the worst of times, demonstrate that Cassius himself (Annal. iv. 34,) was not truly called the ultimus Romanorum. 3. The entertainment of Nasidienus Rufus, " a man of fashion in other respects, but pettily ostentatious of his wealth," has been already noticed (App. in. p. 114) in proof of Maecenas's sometimes going out to an early, that is, to a fashionable dinner. The name of the entertainer has afforded scope for the acuteness and erudition of Buttmann (u. s. p. 472.) in pursuing the conjecture of Lambinus, that, to preserve some semblance of delicacy, Horace under that grotesque name really intended to denote Salvidjenus Rufus, a person historically known from many writers who have mentioned him. I cannot here refuse myself the opportunity to state, that, though somewhat refined perhaps and fanciful, Buttmann's Dissertation (u. s. p. 480.) on Horace's Licijmnia, 2 C. xii. 13. Me dulces dominae Musa Licvmnise... (134) APPENDIX y. as a name (eodem numero syllabarum et literarum) under which poetically to shadow the real Terentia of Maecenas, may be quoted as another instance of his happily settling a point which had been well started before. But that Maecenas himself was in any similar way adum- brated under the name of Malthinus, in the famous passage, 1 S. n. 24, 5. Dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria eurrunt : Malthinus tunicis demissis ambulat .... after all the ingenious pleadings and delicate qualifyings of Buttmann, {ti. s. p. 473.) is what I am quite content to reject and disbelieve^ in such company as that of Lambi- nus, Torrentius, Gesner, and Wieland. Independently, however, of all other considerations ob- vious enough regarding the Poet and the Patron, it will appear, that Chronology has much more to do in deciding this question, than any one hitherto has observed or sus- pected. About the date b. c. 39? when Horace is supposed to have touched with such sharp ridicule effeminacy like this in Maecenas, that person was in the prime of a young and active life; and afterwards at the battle of Actium (b. c. 31.), as commander of the ships called Libumian, he certainly bore a strenuous part in obtaining the victory of that me- morable day. When, therefore, we read in Seneca the compliment paid to him for a noble sentiment, at the close of the Epistle, xiv. 93. Diserte Maecenas ait : u Nee tumulum euro, sepelit natura relictos." Alte cinctum putes dixisse : habuit enim ingenium et grande et virile, nisi illud ipse discinxisset — how, let me ask, are we at all to understand the compliment, if that grande et virile ingenium did not actually belong to him in his earlier years ? Only allow this plain piece of justice to Maecenas, perfectly consistent as it is with every thing otherwise known of him ; and it becomes palpable at once, that the effeminacy DE PEUSONIS HORATIANIS. (135) imputed to him elsewhere by Seneca, even with the words solutis tunicis, Ep. xx. 115. and re-echoed by Juvenal, must have been realized, (postquam ilium enervasset felici- tas), in the acquired foibles of his later years only. In this view of the whole matter, we instantly discover what the plausible error was that misled the commentator Acron, catching up the general hint from Seneca and Juve- nal, &c, and utterly disregarding the chronological series of things ; without attending to which even the cleverest scholars, it has been shown, have fallen into very strange hallucinations. The elder Scaliger, in his Poet ice, 1607, P« 344, shall here be quoted, in farther proof of the gross mistakes com- mitted by the most eminent critics, from ignorance or ne- glect of chronology. Ingratus Horatius, atque animo barbaro atque servili, qui ne a Maecenate quidem abstinere potuit: siquidem, quod aiunt, verum est, Malchinum ab eo appellatum, cujus de- missas notaret tunicas. Ager enim Sabinus, quo Canicula ilia a divino viro donata fuerat, tantus tantique erat, ut ob- jectu suo posset malefici oculi visum intercipere, quo minus tunicarum demissione offenderetur. At the time when the first book of Satires was published, that ager Sabinus, as we have already seen, had yet to be bestowed by Maecenas upon Horace ! 4. So much has been done and with such entire satisfac- tion by Wieland abroad, and by our own elder Col man at home, to set the Epistola ad Pisones de Arte Poetica in its true light, that hardly any room is left to desiderate or expect farther elucidation of it now. If, however, any farther proof were wanted that the family of the Pisos did cultivate poetical talent, and with some dis- tinction too, the following extract from Pliny's Letter to Spurinna (v. 17.) may serve to place that fact beyond a doubt . . . nuncio tibi fuisse me hodie in auditorio Calpurnii Pisonis . recitabat HaTct7) Here, too, the various readings or conjectures, superbus, superb um, superbo, leave the field fairly open for the ad- mission of superbis, recommended by Horace's favourite use of the adjective in the third line, often so preluding to its noun in the fourth; and what is more remarkable, by that very adjective being three times employed by Horace in the very same relative position. 1 C. xxxv. 3, 4. superbos. . . .triumphos. xxxvn. 31, 2. superbo .... triumpho. 4 C. xv. 7, 8. superbis | Postibus. (4) 2 C. xx. 5, 6, 7- ^on ego, Pauperum Sanguis parentum, non ego, quern vocant, Dilecte Maecenas, obibo ; &<:. Here, if any clear and consistent interpretation could be devised for the old reading, quern vocas, the potior conditio possidentis might exclude any pretender from usurping its place. But the brilliant suggestion of Dr. Bentley, quern rocant, scilicet homines invidi, (for even so late as 4 C. nr. 16. Et jam dente minus mordeor invido, envy was not quite extinct,) may now be allowed to come in by acclama- tion. One more remark, and I have done : and that principally to introduce a topic hitherto perhaps but slightly touched, the natural similitude between Horace and Cicero, as belong- ing to the same age, in the language of literature and of morals and of civil life, common to both, along with the illustration, which from that source may be occasionally derived, to the writings of Horace. In a well known passage of the Epistle to the Pisos, that old reading, '20. 7. Sectantena levia nervi Deficiunt animique. (158) APPENDIX VIII. had kept possession, perhaps undisturbed, till the days of Bentley. He does justice abundantly to the claims of levia ; and then by one happy quotation from Tully . . lenitas sine nervis. .turns the scale in favor of lenia. In another passage, where the attribute demissm, in its better sense and in its connection with probus, had been quite overlooked and even misinterpreted, 1 S. in. 56, 7, 8. Probus quis Nobiscum vivit, multum demissus homo ? ill! Tardo ac cognomen pingui damus. Lambinus was the first to catch the true scent, though in curis secundis he returned to the old interpretation : Bent- ley's strong discernment apprehended the truth so suggest- ed, and adopted for the demonstration of it the two sentences from Tully which Lambinus, but without ultimate conviction, originally adduced. Cic. de Orat. n. 43...eaque omnia, quse proborum, demis- sorum, non acrium, non pertinacium, non litigiosorum, non acerborum sunt, valde benevolentiam conciliant. Pro Murena, 40. Sit apud vos modestiae locus, sit demissis hominibus perfugium, sit auxilium pudori. ox THE METRES OF HORACE. In presenting to Scholars a new Treatise on the Metres of Horace, I cannot but anticipate a candid reception for what is so proposed. Whatever has been hitherto done under that title, has seldom exceeded a meagre account (and that not in all points accurate) of the scansion merely, with little or no regard to the verse in its structure. The very latest tract, bearing date 1803, — that which Doering has given as a communication from his friend Sparr, deserves generally the compliment paid by him of being very skil- fully and correctly executed. Yet even that, though seldom tainted with absolute error, is greatly deficient in some essen- tial points, as to Horace's earlier and later modes of con- structing the same verse. This remark will be strikingly apparent in our account of the Alcaic Stanza ; occasionally it will be verified in others also. If the question be asked on what grounds the present treatise may be entitled to higher consideration as more nearly embracing every desideratum which belongs to the subject ; let it be said once for all, that from various sources of critical observation, in which my own professional study for many years had its due share, the work now published has been very diligently composed. (160) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. A precise enumeration of the different authors to whom my obligations are due, and partly so in very recent perusal, even with some particularity, will be excused as an act of justice, in this stage the more necessary ; because, consist- ently with any brevity of design, it will not be convenient to acknowledge every item of such debt, where it separately occurs. 1. The late Dr. Charles Burney, the vir doctissimus et mihi longo amicitice usu conjunctissimus of Professor Porson, (ad. Med. 89,) in the Monthly Review, Jan. 1798, Vol. xxv., as the author of a critique original at once and elaborate on Samuel Butler's edition of Marcus Musurus, prefixed to the publication of Greek and Latin Odes, &c, by that distinguished scholar, who since then has borne such a splendid name as the master of Shrewsbury school. 2. The Hon. and Rev. Dr. William Herbert, partly as the Editor of Musm Etonenses in 1795, with a short Pre- face of critical remarks ; but far more extensively, as the author of that article in the Edinburgh Review, (No. xn. July, 1805, pp. 357 — 386,) on Mitford's Harmony of Lan- guage : in which not only is the claim of accent brought forward to share with quantity in the regulation and cadence of Latin verse, but after a full demonstration of that point a clue also is given to trace the gradual progress by which accent superseded quantity in European metre. Let me here acknowledge the more recent and personal obligation conferred in Dr. Herbert's correspondence with me, and in the opportunity granted to benefit by the nice powers of discrimination which he possesses in so extraordinary a degree. 3. The Editor of Musce Cantabrigienses, 1810, as hav- ing contributed a neat conspectus of practical observations on the structure of the third verse of the Alcaic stanza. 4. The celebrated Professor Hermann, as the author of Elementa Doctrina Metricce, Leipsig, 1816 ; Glasgow, ON" THE METRES OF HORACE. (1G1) reprinted, 1817: a work justly styled by Dr. Parr, "the enlarged and improved edition of his admirable book, De Metrisr 5. Sparry as the author of Metra Horatii Lyrica, in Doering's Horace, 1803 and 1815, already mentioned; who refers his readers for deeper knowledge of the subject to Hermann's Manual of Metres, 1799. 6. Mr. Philip Homer, late one of the Masters at Rugby School, and his friend Dr. John Sleath, now with every honour and affection attached to his name, {crescit laude re- cens,) the High Master of St. Paul's ; as the Authors of Remarks on the Latin Alcaic and Sapphic Metres exhibited in the Odes of Horace, 1824. Those ingenious Remarks, principally undertaken to show the reason why certain modes of structure are more produc- tive of harmony than others, originated confessedly from that article of mine in the Classical Journal, No. xxit., July, 1815, pp. 351 — 6, which bears the following title. 7- Sketch of the Scansion and Structure of the Alcaic Stanza in Horace, dated in January, 1814, and commu- nicated in May, 1815 ; on the basis of a schedule of all the verses in that metre (according to their classes of struc- ture, especially those in the third line) drawn up early in the year 1805. In the sketch here mentioned, except as far as the sche- dule alluded to is concerned, my sources of knowledge were directly and entirely derived from Dr. Charles Burney. The prevalent modes of structure in the Alcaics of Horace, as to the constituent words, with those either rejected by him after some trial, or evidently not his favourite modes, I stated in that paper many years ago with sufficient exact- ness perhaps as to the fact : of the reasons for all this, arising from the restrictions which accentual cadence demands, I have only learned to estimate the true value, in a careful perusal very lately bestowed on Dr. Herbert's article in the Edinburgh Review. And my present intention is, on that m (162) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. authority, to illustrate, in some of the most striking in- stances, the connection existing betwixt the places of accent in Horatian metre, and the legitimate structure of the verse. For a complete and satisfactory view of the subject in all its bearings, the reader must be referred to the pages of the original article. Before proceeding to the task itself de Metris Horatianis, it may be prudent if not necessary to define the end pro- posed in that labour. In all the metres I shall hope to make the structure of the verse as well as the scansion un- derstood ; while in the most important of them, especially those much in use for exercises of imitative composition, I shall indulge greater latitude of practical detail. Agreeably to that view and purpose, the nineteen denominations in Ho- race will be treated of thus. Those in the Epodes, (num- bered i. to vii.,) which in the just order of publication now stand first, may in general be dispatched with less of cere- monious regard ; and those in the Odes, (viii. to xn.,) hardly lyrical measures, either from difficult construction abandoned after one or two experiments, or from whatever cause not much favoured by Horace, will occupy a briefer notice, but still with sufficient correctness. Thus, a larger consideration may be fairly granted to verses of that spe- cies (xiii. to xvn.) which has its character from the Chori- ambus interposed : and a still more extensive space will thus be allowed to the two principal metres (xviii. and xix.) in the Sapphic and the Alcaic stanza. Metres i. to vii. And first of the Epodes ; of which the name has been, in P. D. p. 10, already explained. Metre i. Epode i. Iambic trimeter (1) and dimeter (2). (1) Ibis Liburnis inter alta navium, (2) Amice, propugnacula. ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (163) The scansion of the trimeter (1) runs thus, in all its ad- missible feet, some of them very rarely admitted. l 2 3 4 5 6 To the exclusion of the anapest in 5 t0 from the table here given (a foot so frequent in the Senarii of Seneca) there are but three instances of apparent objection, which when examined disappear. Ep. it. 35. Paridurnque leporem et advenam laqueo grixem, (which is a very rare instance of a line otherwise irregular.) Read laqueo in two syllables, as alveo, 3 C. vii. 28. Tusco denatat alv^o. These two peculiarities, Ep. v. 79. Priusque coelum sidet inferius mari. — XI. 23. Nunc gloriantis quamlibet mulTerculam. turning similarly on the vowels, may safely be placed on the same footing with Virgil's Geo. n. 482. Fluviorum rex Eridanus. .... and as that is pronounced Fluviorum in three syllables, we need not scruple surely so to pronounce inferius and mul- Terculam likewise. The structure of the trimeter requires a caesura, or divi- sion of words, after the penthemimer usually. * - w - w || -«- «- «o Ep. ii. 1. Beatus ille|| qui procul negotiis... or after the hepthemimer sometimes, Ibid. 19. Ut gaudet insitiva| | decerpens pyra. And here comes in the curious question of accentual ca- dence. m2 (164) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. The words of the Romans then were accented by an in- variable rule (and do we not now follow a similar rule in reading Latin ?) namely, that if the penult be long, it shall be accented, as amabam ; if it be short, the antepenult shall be accented, whether long or short, as amdveram, potueram. All monosyllables were accented ; and in these pages, if not so marked, may be always so reckoned. Only, enclitics like que? ve, ne, must be taken as forming part of the pre- ceding word. Thus, Ep. ii. 45. Claudhisque textis. . . . Now for the application. The Iambic trimeter in its legitimate construction, whatever other accent it has, takes a leading one on the sixth place : or if not so, then it usually requires to be accented on the fourth and the eighth. Thus, Ep. i. 3. Paratus omne Cae'saris periculum. . 7- Utrumne jussi persequemur otium. The leading accent on the sixth, though generally with penthemimeral caesura, and at the beginning of a word as in Cae'saris above, may yet be otherwise circumstanced, as, Ep. i. 15. Roges, tuum labore quid juvem meo. and Ep. ii. 19. Ut gaudet insitiva decerpens pyra. Nay, more: Ep. i. 19. Ut assidens implumibus pullis avis, is an Iambic verse, because the sixth is accented: whereas Ut assidens pullis avis deplumibus, though exactly the same as to quantities, would not be a verse, on account of the wrong position of the accents. A similar remark may be made on Ep. xi. 15. Quod si meis inse'stuat prsecordiis, as having neither caesura ; and yet it is an Iambic verse from the correctness of its leading accent. In long words constituted like inverecundus, if not in ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (165) others, the Romans may seem to have admitted a secondary accent on the first syllable : a supposition which would re- store propriety to the following verse, Ep. xi. 13. Simul calentis invereciindus deus. It remains to be noticed as a singular fact, that of verses constructed like Ep. i. 7- Utrumne jiissi J persequemur | otium, many examples occur in Terence as his Prologues alone may testify, in theEpodes of Horace, and in the Fables of Phae- drus ; yet in the Tragedies which bear the name of Seneca, not a single instance can be found of a verse constituted like that above. Iambic dimeter (2). The scansion of this verse as to its predominant and ad- missible feet : In the dimeter the «- initial, though from the trimeter not excluded, seems inadmissible. Casimir Sarbievius uses it, Epod. i. 1 8. Metuenda jaceret fulmina. As to the structure, it is worthy of observation, that a verse from its composition accented like the following, C. Sarb. Ep. v. 2. Non nudus ensium timor, though a just dimeter as to quantity, is never found in Ho- race, nor in any author of the early ages. Now as the iambus itself is used freely in the third place, this combination might have occurred very often, if it had not been purposely avoided. In what then does the faulti- ness of that line consist ? Clearly in this, that it bears the accentual cadence peculiar to a very different kind of verse, the Glyconic : of which verse, 4 C. hi. 11. Et spissse nemorum comae. 066) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. is a very common form ; and it may be better contrasted perhaps with Dr. Herbert's fictitious example, Et spissa montium coma, than with the real faulty dimeter given above from Sar- bievius. Metre ii. Epooe xi. Iambic dimeter (1) as in Metre i. (1), and with Elegiambus (2) so called. (1) Petti, nihil me sicut antea juvat (2) Scribere versiculos | amore perculsum gravi. (2) This verse consists of two parts; the first like the latter half of the Dactylic pentameter but unlimited in the mode of its construction ; with the last syllable indifferently long or short, and even as in vv. 14, 24, with the hiatus of a long vowel before a vowel initial in the next portion of the verse. Fervidiora mero [ arcana promorat loco. Vincere mollitia j amor Lycisci me tenet. The second part is the Iambic dimeter (but without -^ initial) as in Metre i. (2). For the meaning of the term asynartete (7) diversi generis connecti et coagmentari non potest, utc unique uno versiculo utrumque sit conclusum." Metre hi. Epode xti. Dactylic hexameter (1) with Dactylic tetrameter (2). (1) Quid tibi vis, raulier, nigris dignissima barns? (2) Munera quid mihi, quidve tabellas. Of the common hexameter (1) there is little to remark ; and that is quite obvious. Of the tetrameter (2), which has its scansion thus (1 C. xxviii, 2, alone excepted). . . . the structure also is easily discerned. Metre iv. Epode xiii. Dactylic hexameter (1) as in Metre m. (1), with Iambelegus (2) so called. (1) Horrida tempestas ccelum contraxit, et imbres (2) Nivesque deducunt Jovem ; j nunc mare, nunc silLiae. (2) This line, one of the class of verses, asynartetes, already mentioned in Metre ii. consists of two parts, the first Iambic dimeter, as in Metre i. (2) ; and the second like the latter half of the Dactylic pentameter. In. fact, the Iambelegus is the inverse of the Elegiambus : its Iambic part has the last syllable indifferently long or short, but betwixt the two parts no hiatus occurs. Metre v. Epode xiv. Dactylic hexameter (1) as in Metre in. (1), with Iambic dimeter (2) as in Metre i. (2). (1) Mollis inertia cur tantam diffuderit imis (2) Oblivionem sensibus. Metre vi. Epode xvi. Dactylic hexameter (1) as be- fore, with Iambic trimeter (2) as in Metre i. (1). (1) Altera jam teritur bellis civilibus setas, (2) Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit. The verse (2) is purely Iambic, and so far very peculiar. (168) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. Metre yu. Epode xvii. Iambic trimeter as M. i. (1), and that alone. Jamjam efiicaci do manus scientiae. METRES VIII. TO XII. Now of the Metres hardly to be called lyrical. Metre viii. 1 C. iv. (1) Dactylic tetrameter + three Trochees, with (2) Iambic trimeter wanting a syllable at the close. (1) Solvitur acris hiems grata vice | veris et Favoni,. (2) Trahuntque siccas | machinae carinas. The verse (1) has this scansion, differing in the 4th foot from Metre in. (2). and the divisio vocum is constantly observed betwixt the Dactylic part and the Trochaic. The verse (2) in fact consists of two parts, which, hav- ing the divisio vocum constantly, may be scanned according to the structure ; the one Iambic, and the other as in (1) Trochaic. Cas. Sarbievius when writing in this metre, violates the law of caesura in (1). 2 Lyr. xx. 53. Nee quae dispositis toga luxuri | osior lapillis. nor has he any authority from Horace for a line constructed (as with him it often is) with the Dactyl in 4 to formed by one word. Ibid. v. 1. Qualis ubi Phrygia Jovis | armiger || educatus Ida. ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (169) Metre ix. 4 C. vu. (1) Dactylic hexameter, as be- fore, with (2) the latter half of a Dactylic pentameter. (1) Diffugere nives: redeunt jam gramina campis, (2) Arboribusque comae. Metre x. 1 C. vm. (1) one Choriambus (-«*-) initial followed by Bacchius (^ — ) or Amphibrach ( w - w ), with (2) Sapphicus major, or the long Sapphic. (1) Lydia, die per omnes (2) Te deos oro | Sybarin | cur properes amando. The verse (1) has its scansion thus, and for structure always has a Dactylic word or a Dactylic combination to begin with, so as to exclude the accent on the third syllable : Saspe j timor | fugavit, accordingly, would be illegitimate. The verse (2) has for its scansion the Epitritus secundus (-*--) with two choriambi and a trisyllabic ending like (1). and for structure it has two regular caesuras as in the quoted line. The following construction, it is evident, would violate the accentual cadence of the verse, Te deos oramus J I'tyu cur properes amando . . as well as the law of the caesura. (170) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. Metre xi. 2 C. xvm. (1) Trochaic of seven syllables. (2) Iambic trimeter wanting a syllable, as in M. viii, (2). (1) Non ebur neque aureum (2) Mea renidet | in clomo lacunar. Verse (1) has its scansion thus, without any thing to remark in its structure. Verse (2) in scansion differs from its model above referred to only once. v. 34. Regumque pueris nee satelles Orci, where the tribrach (««*) in 2 d0 , if that deserves notice, might be avoided, and on some authority, by reading Re- gumque natis. .instead. Metre xii. 3 C. xn. Ionic a minore (^ — ). Miserarum est j nee amori | dare ludum | neque dulci, according to Dr. Bentley, (by whose critical erudition here also the reader may benefit,) consists of four Stanzas, each of ten feet, agreeably to the following scheme : The caesura betwixt the several feet (as in vv. 5, 7> 8, 12) is not strictly observed ; though by the above distribution all awkwardness is avoided betwixt one line and another. Cas. Sarbievius, adopting this metre in one of his com- positions, 2 Lyric, xxviii., has made the stanza consist of two trimeters and one tetrameter ; and violates the synaphea or continuity of scansion betwixt line and line, (vv. 5, 6, 9, 10,) which in Horace from first to last is observed. ON THE METRES OF HORACE. 070 METRES, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII. Five Metres are here classed together, from the interposed Choriambus, so called, common to them all; that is, from one or more Choriambi interposed between a Spondee initial and an Iambic foot (^=) at the close. Metre xiii. 1 G. xi. The Long Alcaic, consisting of three Choriambi interposed in that manner. Such is the scansion : its caesural structure, as marked in that scheme, is once only neglected in the 32 such lines written by Horace, and that in a compounded word. 1 C. xviii, 16. Arcanique Fides | prodiga per | lucidior vitro. The Polish Poet, apparently from affectation, has done this with great license both of caesura and of accent. 3 Lyric, xvn. Ad Tiberim. vv. 4, 5. Quid per plana, per abrupta, per impervia Iubricum Vectigal domincv deproperas Nereidum patri ? Metre xiv. 1 C. i. The Asclepiadean verse, or the Asclepiad. Maecenas, atavis edite regibus. The scansion and structtire are seen together in the fol- lowing scheme: — — I — - This verse constantly preserves the caesura as here marked, except in two instances. 1 C. viii. 17- Non incendia Car j thaginis impiaj.. 2 C. xn. 2o. Durn ilagrantia de | torquet ad oscula... (172) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. The latter example perhaps may be defended or excused on the same ground with the Alcaic verse, 1 C. xxxvii. 5. Antehac nefas de | prom ere Cajcubum, . Metre xv. 1 C. in. (1) Glyconic so called. (2) As- clepiad as in Metre xiv. (1) Sic te divapotens Cypri (2) Sic fratres Helense, lucida sidera, The verse (1) has its scansion thus, without any deviation : for the line 1 C. xv. 36. as some- times edited, with -■« initial, Ignis Iliacas domos. . . should unquestionably stand thus corrected : Ignis Pergameas domos. On the authority of the worse reading, however, Casimir has occasionally erred. 4 Lyric, xvi. 47. Jussit ire Borysthenem. In this verse also the nicety of accentuation, which is ne- cessary, deserves to be remarked. And the fictitious line, Veloces per agros canes, though correct in scansion and quantity, is not, however, a Latin verse, because it has not the right accentual cadence observed in the Glyconic : it has that of a verse generically different, the Iambic dimeter, Ep. vi. 16. Inultus ut flebo puer. One real line, faulty in that very way from the pen of the elegant Grotius, which closes his Hymn of Zacharias para- phrased, may show, that Dr. Herbert's remark here recorded does not guard against an imaginary error. Securum per iter pedes. ON THE METRES OF HORACE. 07$ Metre xvi. 1 C. vi, (1, 2, 3) Asclepiadean, as in M. xiv. (4) Glyconic, as in M. xv. Scriberis Vario fortis, et hostiura Victor, Mseonii carminis aliti, Quam rem cunque ferox navibus aut equis Miles, te duce, gesserit. Metre xvii. 1 C. v. (1, 2) Asclepiadean, as before in M. xiv. (3) Pherecratian. (4) Glyconic, as before in M. xv. Quis multa gracilis te puer in rosa Perfusus liquidis urget odoribus. (3) Grato, Pyrrha, sub antro : Cui flavam religas comam . . . verse (3) has this scansion The last syllable is always long ; and twice only with hiatus, in a long vowel, 1 C. xxiii. 3. 8. a nicety not much observed by later writers of this Horatian stanza. In the verse (3) also, the just collocation of the accents may not be neglected ; which Casimir, however, has once or twice disregarded. For instance, 4 Lyric, xxviii. 7« Raptamus, puerorum . . . is accented in a way quite unknown to Horace : it has the very same cadence with the Ionic a minore, Tenerdrum puerorum, a different species of verse; and though with the same quantity, is as unlike as can be imagined to (1 C. v. 7.) (174) ON THE METRES OE HORACE. Nigris .e'quora ventis. No ear could confound the verse of Horace with that of Casimir. The Christian Poet, Prudentius, (circ. 400 a.d.) has constructed a system of his own out of the third, second, and first (in that order) of these interposed Choriambics ; for which, in the nomenclature sometimes applied to Horace's Odes, the name would stand thus : denoting that there are three kinds of verse, and then that three lines form the strophe or stanza. The following specimen is taken from the Proaemium to his Carmina, and only by one blemish at v. 6. discovers any incorrectness in the composition. Per quinquennia jam decern, Ni fallor, fuimus : Septimus insuper Annum cardo rotat, dum fruimur sole volubili. Instat terminus, et diem Vicinum senio jam Deus applicat : Quid nos utile tan | ti spatio temporis egimus ? iEtas prima crepantibus Flevit sub ferulis : mox docuit toga Infectum vitiis falsa loqui, non sine crimine. Let me take this opportunity, in the words of Dr. Herbert, to call the attention of scholars to the splendid passage at the end of Prudentius contra Symmachum, concerning the vestal virgins : it begins, v. 1069. Captivus pudor ingratis addicitur aris, and is inferior to nothing of the same kind in Juvenal. >)\ THE METRES OF HORACE. 07'^) Metre xviii. 1 C. n. THE SAPPHIC STANZA. (1, 2, 3.) The Sapphic verse commonly so called: (4.) The Adonic verse, - v « - z . A. Jam satis terris | nivis atque dirae Grandinis misit pater, et rubente Dextera sacras jaculatus arces, Terruit urbem. The first three verses have their scansion thus, the Epitritus secundus and the Choriambus, followed by Bacchius (* ) or Amphibrach («—0, as in the close of Metre x, the Sapphicus major. On comparing this Metre with that, the difference will at once be seen to consist in one Choriambus more or less. Thus, 1 C. viii. 6. Inter sequales equitat, Gallica nee lupatis . . . is altered into the common Sapphic by an omission to that amount. Inter aequales equitat lupatis. Its structure generally coincides with that of (A.) the first line above. Sometimes, however, it admits this variation, B. 1 C. x. 1. Mercuri, facunde, | nepos | Atlantis . . . and this, but less frequently, C. 4 C ii. 33. Concines majore | Poeta [ plectro. And the only clear deviation from one or other of these forms occurs in describing the dithyrambic boldness of Pindar, (176) ON THE METRES OE HORACE. 4 C. ii. 9. Laurea | donandus | Apollinari. The relative position of its accents remains to be con- sidered : and the cadence of the Sapphic is regulated in the form A, by being accented on the 6th syllable, or on the 4th and 8th. Grandinis misit Pater, et rubente Dextera sacras jaculatus arces . . . In the occasional varieties of form under B and C, the accent is admitted on the 5th and 7th, or on the 5th and 8th: B. Mercuri, facunde, nepos Atlantis . . . C Concines majore Poeta plectro. which modes of accentuation are compatible with a disylla- bic beginning as well as with the trisyllabic just given. B. Fervet, immensusque ruit profundo . . . C. Lenis Ilithyia, tuere matres. With all this diversity of forms in the verse, under such limitations as structure and accent so combined will permit, modern writers of the Sapphic Ode have not been content ; or rather they have not been acquainted with it. Amongst in- stances in abundance from the revival of letters to the pre- sent day, the following out of the Musce Etonenses may serve for sufficient illustration of scansion correct and struc- ture violated. Vol. i. p. 28. v. 1. Pertinax | et luxurians juventa . . . p. 189. v. 25. Hortuli dat | primitias aprici. Verses like these admit of no defence even from the authority of Catullus, who wrote the Sapphic stanza in all its Greek freedom, as yet unchecked by the severer genius of the Latin : for even the following lines, xi. 6. 23. Seu Sacas | sagittiferosque | Parthos. Ultimi flos | prsetereunte | postquam . . . ON THE METRES OF HORACE. ( l 77) evidently afford a different certainly, if not a more pleasing, structure. If, however, in the versification of modern scholars we have to condemn unlicensed deviations from the models of Horace, we shall find in the formal practice of those early Poets who came after him, something more remarkable in the opposite direction. In Statius, for example, and in Prudentius, we remark a decided predilection for the structure (A) so denoted here, with the cadence of accent on the 6th syllable, or of that required on the 4th and the 8th. The Sapphics of Statius, 4 Silv. vn., from his affection for the one csesura after the 5th syllable and its concomi- tant accentuation, have a very monotonous sound to the ear after the rich varieties of Horace ; while Prudentius at so much later a period exhibits the same preference for un- varied harmony, giving indeed a much stronger proof of it in one Sapphic Poem of 200 lines without a single deviation from the structure alluded to. That Hymn, in honour of the eighteen Martyrs, presents, on the other hand, the two following examples : v. 57« Sola in occursum ] numerosiores ... v. 195. Spes u.t absolvam | retinaculorum . . . which cannot be said to have the requisite character, the 6th syllable accented; unless polysyllabic words of that dimension (which seems not improbable) had then got an accent on their 1st syllable as well as on their 5th. An observation arises here, so important if connected with the chronology of Horace's books as originally pub- lished, that the reader will hardly fail to take some interest in the detail which follows. In the first and second books of the Odes, that peculiar 078) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. form of the Sapphic here marked (B) is very sparingly, some seven times in all, introduced. In the third book, though otherwise (it will be seen) distinguished as an era in Horace's alteration of the Alcaic, not a single departure from the form (A) of the Sapphic line is anywhere ad- mitted ; while the form (C) has never yet appeared at all. Pass to the Carmen Saeculare and the fourth book ; and you find the form (C) for the first time introduced, with the form (B) more largely than before, contributing to the im- provement and variety of the stanza. Under these circumstances, let us look to the Nouvelle Distribution (already alluded to, P. D. p. 13) devised by M. Sanadon; and see whether he bestows any notice either on the progressive stages, so well defined, by which Horace carried that lyrical metre to its ultimate perfection, or on the temporary doubt, betrayed in his third book, whether he was right or not in admitting the first step of variety. In the face of these striking facts then, as now to us they must appear, demonstrating the separate entire- ness of the third book from those before, and from the fourth book with the Carmen Saeculare which followed, M. Sanadon, on a fancied plan of his own, tears the whole twenty-six Sapphic Odes (except a few omitted) from all their ancient neighbourhood, and scatters them ad libitum, far and wide, over his nouvelle distribution! After tracing with this exactness the commencement, the halt or retrograding, and the satisfactory close, of Horace's career in Sapphic versification, it remains briefly here to show on what general ratio of the different modes of struc- ture any composition in that metre should be formed, so as best to coincide with the practical model of the Poet's own mature judgment. The Carmen Saeculare then, one of his two longest Odes in that verse, may be fairly taken for the purpose; and with sufficient accuracy of proportion, it pre- sents the following result, to combine more or less, in every ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (1?9) twelve of the longer verses, nine of the common form A, with two and one of the varieties in B and C respectively. Let the last Stanza of the C. S. which happens to contain them all, represent the three forms, with their order in- verted. •CI. Hzec Jovem sentire | deosque | cunctos B. 2. Spem bonani eertamque | domum | reporto, A. 9. Doctus et Phoebi chorus et Dianae Dicere laudes. And now after expatiating so long on the principal matters, we shall dismiss the minuter points (though they too may not be disregarded) with a few remarks for caution and for reference. The occasional synaphea, when a word overflows into the Adonic, is sufficiently known from the following amongst several instances, 1 C. ii. 19, 20. Labitur ripa, Jove non probante, ux- orius amnis. That closeness of union betwixt the third line and the fourth (observed by Sappho) is sometimes neglected by Horace ; who leaves the termination um not cut off or the vowel in hiatu before the Adonic ; as 1 C. ii. 47. Neve te nostris vitiis iniqwwm Ocyor aura, &c. xii. 9. Unde vocalem temere insecut^ Orphea silvae. Some instances here and there occur of the strict synaphea betwixt the second and third lines. 2 C. 11. 18, 19. Dissidens plebi numero beatorwra isximit virtus. n 2 (180) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. 4 C. ii. 22, 3. animumque mores^we ^ureos educit in astra, . . . The connection between the sense of two lines made by et or ac, under circumstances like the following, is freely allowed ; and twice together, if necessary. 2 C. vi. 1. Septimi Gades aditure mecum, et Cantabrum indoctum juga ferre nostra, et Barbaras Syrtes. Of all these niceties Professor Hermann (notwithstanding the adage, Aquila non captat muscas) has given a very accurate detail, lib. in. cap. xvi. Glasgow Edition, pp. 444, 5, 6. Finally, as in the other metres sometimes, so in this, after elision, the convenient copulate et is privileged to form the caesural syllable, 1 C. xxxn. 13. O decus Phoebi, et | dapibus supremi, &c. In this verse 3 C. xi. 50. Dum favet nox J et Venus : i secundo . . . the effect is awkward altogether. One instance occurs also where an has the same privilege. 3 C. xxvu. 38, 9. Vigilansne ploro Turpe commisswm ? an | vitio carentem, &c. Metre xix. 1 C. ix. THE ALCAIC STANZA. (1, 2) Two Iambic feet cum longa in five syllables with caesura, followed by two Dactylic feet, generally by a Dactyl and a Cretic. (3) Iambic of nine syllables, but with peculiar limitation. (4) Two Dactyls followed by two Trochaic feet. ON THE METRES OF HORACE. 081) Vides, ut alta | stet nive candidum Soracte, nee jam | sustineant onus Silvae laborantes, geluque Flumina constiterint acuto ? The first and second lines have their scansion thus. The third thus always, The fourth thus, 1. In the first and second lines, through the first and second books, a marked preference of the Spondaic begin- ing to the Iambic is quite obvious . this becomes more striking still through the third book : and the fourth book has not one instance, even with a polysyllabic word as in the third, much less with a dissyllabic word initial, of an Iambus thus placed : 1 C. xxxi. 17« Frui j paratis, et valido mihi . . . 3 C. 1. 2. Favete ] linguis : carmina non prius . . . 26. Tumultuosum . . . In addition to the fact already adduced, P. D. p. 13, of the more severe model of structure in the third line intro- duced by Horace into the latter books of his Odes, we have here shown that hi other points also a fine sensibility of ear led him to yet nicer improvements as congenial to the Latin tongue; which in imitative composition must now be re- garded, if any respect is due to the authority of Horace. 2. The following cases of elision may deserve a brief notice. Of elisions after the caesura like the following, 1 C. xxxiv. 13. Mutare, et insignem | attenuat Deus. 3 C. i. 5. Regum timendorww | in proprios greges. there arc not quite twenty in all. (182) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. The enclitic que, elided thus, seems very rare, 1 C. xxxv. 10. Urbesque gentesque | et Latium ferox. A few instances occur, where the elided word ends with a short vowel ; 3 C. iv. 6. audire | et videor pios . . . and a few also in words like invisi, sub dio, incesto, redo- nabo. Of a word at the end of th.e Jirst line elided before et in sense belonging to the second, the following with a few others are instances. 1 C. ix. 13. Quid sit futurum eras, fuge quserere, et Quem sors dierum, &c. 3 C. xxix. 9. Fastidiosam desere copiam, et Molem propinquam, &c. 49. Fortuna saevo laeta negotio, et Ludum insolentem, &c. In two instances, neque at the conclusion of the second verse commences a new sentence with the third, 3 C. I. 38. Scandunt eodem quo dominus ; neque Decedit serata, &c. 3 C. xxix. 46. Quodcunque retro est, efficiet ; neque Diffinget, &c The case of consilium and principium is peculiar. 3 C. iv. 41. Vos lene consiliwra et datis, et dato Gandetis almae. vi. 6. Hinc omne principiwm, hue refer exitum. Here too, in the example from Virgil already adduced, Geo, ii. 482. Fluviorura rex Eridanus . . . which must have been pronounced fluv?/orum, we find an immediate solution for the difficulty ; if the two words are ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (183) but allowed to have that pronunciation, consilium and prin- cip//um, each in three syllables. And here it may not be impertinent to remark, that in the hexameters of Virgil the genitives, servitw, auxiln, &c, though commodious to the verse, never appear ; while Horace uses only the old forms, consik' and impen, 3 C. iv. 65. 4 C. xv. 14. On the transition from the single i to the double ii (as Ovid has it) in the later days of Augustus, vid. Bentley's note, Andria. Act n. Sc. i. v. 20. 3. Let us now proceed to the subject of structure, in some of its more important points. The place of the caesura is accurately observed, except in the following extraordinary cases, 1 C. xxxvir. 14. Mentemque lympha | tarn Mareotico . . . 4 C. xiv. 17- Spectandus in cert | amine Martio . . . the latter of which from the distribution of the accents is far less faulty than the former. Of the three instances which follow, the caesura may per- haps be saved by the emphatic preposition of the compound verb in the second, but hardly so in the other two, although relieved perhaps by the elision. 1 C. xvi. 21. Hostile aratrwm ea?ercitus insolens . . . 1 C. xxxvu. 5. Antehac nefas de | promere Csecubum . . . 2 C. xvit. 21. Utrumque nostrum mcredibili modo . . . Not one of the three peculiarities is repeated in the latter books. 4. The consideration of accentual cadence here returns upon us. That cadence usually requires the leading accent to fall on the fourth syllable, as, 1 C. ix- 5, 6. Dissolve frigus . . Large reponens . . . or in entire words like the following, as, 3 C. I. 25, 6. Desiderantem . . . Tumultuosuni . . . (184) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. - Several instances, however, occur of the accent falling on the second and fifth syllables, where the fifth is a monosyl- labic word connected in sense with what follows : and as they are all except one in the latter books, Horace must have admitted that variety on purpose, absolute sameness being more offensive than occasional deviations even from the best general model. 2 C. in. 22. Nil interest, an | pauper et infima . . . 4 C. iv. 69. Carthagini jam | non ego nuntios . . . 4 C. xiv. 41. Te Cantaber, non j ante domabilis. Add to these also the following, 3C. v. 13. 33; xxi. 10. 4 C. iv. 3?; xiv. 33. 45. Under this peculiarity in the caesural syllable, a few other instances may be classed. 3 C. ii. 6. In rebus : ilium ex j moenibus hostieis. v. 10. Anciliorwm et | nominis et togae. — VI. 22. Matura virgo ; et fingitur artubus. 5. The detail of final syllables when any line, as the first or second, ends with a vowel before a vowel initial in the next line, will hardly deserve separate consideration here : and yet it may be worth the while to stop and remark upon the particular transition betwixt the third line and the fourth, inasmuch as the hiatus involved in that is rare in the two first books, while it occurs only once in the third book, and in the fourth not at all. 3 C. v. 11, 12. Oblitus, aeternaeque Vestce /ncolumi Jove et urbe Roma. Now in the practice of Casimir we have a very singular contrast to all this. In his stanzas, the open vowel, short or long, occurring commonly at a rate six times as often as in the first and second books of Horace, abundantly indicates the obvious facilities accepted by the one writer, declined and avoided by the other. And under these circumstances, ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (185) we cannot well doubt but the Poet of Tivoli from the sin- gular abstinence shown in the two latter books, must have taken especial counsel of his ear in the interval. 6. One remark of literary curiosity, and I have done with this part of the Alcaic Stanza. James Micyllus, the friend of Melancthon, in his De Re Metrica Libri Tres. Francoforti, 1539. — an extraordinary work for that early day, gives specimens of the two first verses, in the following lines, Carmen relaxat taedia pectoris, Animumque reddit | saeva gemeatibus. — p. 108, 9. Evidently in the second example that dolus qui latet in generalities, had led him astray. " An Iambic verse may have an Anapest in primo : but this penthemimer, as far as it goes, is an Iambic verse : therefore," &c. &c. Unfortunately, that which might flow well as the integral part of a Senarius, Animumque reddit perditis amantibus . . . when it forms a separate portion of verse, has the very move- ment with which the Stanza in its fourth line should close. With slight difference, indeed, the words are here actually so employed. 1 C. xvi. 26—28. dum mihi Fias recantatis arnica Opprobriis, | animumque reddas. The third line has its Scansion thus, During the greater part of that period from the revival of letters when composition in Latin verse was the favourite task of scholars, to the year 1708, when Dr. Charles Burney (186) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. in the Monthly Review, wrote that critique on S. "Butler's Marcus Musurus, &c. ; little or no suspicion seems to have existed, that the third line of the Alcaic Stanza was any thing else but an Iambic dimeter with one syllable over, scanned thus, p-I v-ii -l--b. and in the structure liable to no restriction whatsoever. Even those writers who abstained from the short in the fifth syllable, which any careful reader of Horace would na- turally do, indulged every other license in constructing the verse. Buchanan and Sarbievius admit the fifth syllable short, again and again ; and besides some faults peculiar to them- selves, violate freely, though in different degrees, every prin- cipal rule hereafter mentioned. As late down as the publication of the Musce Anglicancu, of which all the Alcaic odes precede in date the year 17H? the general usage allowed that fifth syllable to be occasion- ally short. Nor was the point otherwise determined, ap- parently, till Dr. Bentley, in that year, pronounced and de- fended his judgment in editing the following line of Ho- race, 2 C. xix. 15, Disjecta non leni ruina.. (and yet more fully, on this verse, for a similar reason, 3 C. ii. 1. Angustam, amici, pauperiem pati.) The practical correction of an error so old and so commo- dious, was far from finding its way immediately into the scholastic exercises of this country. 7- Of the « - in primo (so very decided is Horace's pre- ference for the long syllable) not more than ten instances occur in all the books, and only two in the third and fourth, thus affording, by the bye, another link in that chain of in- ternal evidence : and in none of those cases does the verse ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (1^7) take a dissyllabic beginnisig. The following commence- ment, 1 C. xxix. 7« Puer quis j ex aula capillis. . may pass for a quasi-trisyllable perhaps; and the other examples are quite unquestionable. 3 C. in. 71* Refer re sermones deorum. 8. At the end of this verse, the terminations ovum and arum suffer elision, with et belonging to the next, five times. 1 C. xxxv. 11. 2 C. xiii. 23. 3 C in. 71 ; vi. 3 ; xxix. 3. The termination in ryviwi once, also with triremi, and with Juno, followed by et, as in the preceding case, 3 C. xxix. 7; 1.39; iv. 59. Once this happens with in belonging to the next verse after um final. 1 C. xxxv. 39. O utinam nova Incude diffingas retuswra in Massagetas A'rabasque ferrum. With these elisions may be classed the following : 2 C. in. 27- Sors exitura, et nos in aeternwm Exilium impositura cymbse. 3 C. xxix. 35. Cum pace delabentis Etruscwm In mare . . &c. 9. Now for the structure. The two first feet of this verse may not be comprised in a quadrisyllable or separated in two dissyllables. These lines from Buchanan are faulty in more ways than one. Ps. exxv. 23. Tranquillitas ) secura pulcbrae... — VII. 35. Candor, pios | servat, malisque.. (188) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. The following from Horace, 1 C. xxvi. 11. Hunc Lesbio | sacrare plectro. . 2 C. in. 27. Sors exitura et nos in aeternum. . . not only differ in the words and in the accentuation from those of Buchanan, but are two forms of the verse in the first and second books which in the third and fourth never appear again : Horace has branded them as illegitimate. 10. Nor may this verse, according to his maturer taste decisively shown, terminate with one quadrisyllabic or with two dissyllabic words, The form 1 C. xxix, Pronos relabi j posse | rivos. . - which occurs eight times in the first and second books, and the form 2 C. xix. 19. Nodo coerces | viperino. . which occurs three times in those books, are both of them repudiated entirely from the third and fourth. By parity of reason, a trisyllabic word with an enclitic, as que or ve, or other monosyllable, must be excluded also. And on this peculiar string (it is remarked in the Preface to the Musce Etonenses) Sarbievius has erred, but in one instance only. 4 Lyric. 1. 55. Poeana dicit, [ supplicesg^e. . And here let us observe, that the entire rejection by Ho- race of any modes of structure in his later books which were rare even in his earlier, must have quite escaped the notice of grammarians. To their ignorance in teaching, therefore, may partly be imputed the gross errors committed by mo- dern Latin writers: who would hardly have gone so far wrong in defiance of their great model, if they had been rightly instructed first of all, or if they had looked up to Ho- race as their only legitimate exemplar afterwards. More ON THE METRES OE HORACE. 0^9) probably, indeed, as in a new school of Latin poetry, they admired what their predecessors had done or emulated what their contemporaries were doing. 11. Where the third verse has what may be called the quinquesyllabic beginning similar to that of the first and second verses, and so far most injurious to variety, 1 C IX. 1 1 ; xvi. 7. Deproeliantes » Non Liber seque. if the modes of ending it just mentioned are proscribed, there remains for that purpose only one combination, in a monosyllabic preceding a trisyllabic word, Deproeliantes [ nee cupressi . . Non Liber aeque, | non acuta.. But this form of the verse, though made up of ready ma- terials, (as all later practice shows,) has been sparingly em- ployed by Horace, only some forty times in all : and whe- ther from dislike of the structure itself or from growing pre- ference for others of a nobler kind, he has admitted verses so constructed, at the rate only of half as often in the two latter as in the two former books of Odes. Is there nothing supplied by this internal evidence also, in favour of our general argument ? And here a curious and delicate remark, and one which seems to have escaped observation, remains to be brought forward. Horace then never once has engaged the monosyllabic word in that close union and so far completed sense with the word subjoined to it, which this verse from Buchanan ex- hibits. Ps. XI. 7- ut petat Incogitantes | e latebris \ Innocuos animique rectos. (190) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. And unless in the case of that false reading (for in is unknown to the MSS.), 1 C. xxvu. 19. Quanta laboras in Charybdi, instead of laborabas Charybdi, not one instance have we of a preposition and noun, so in- sulated together. In the two passages where in and pro are used, a slight indeed but still perceptible suspension of sound separates the monosyllable from the word immediately following ; because that word itself requires to be thrown forward in sustained context with other words in the next verse. 2 C. xiii. 3. Produxit, arbos, in | nepotum Perniciem, &c. 4 C. ix. 23. Excepit ictus pro | pudicis Conjugibus, &c. All other examples of the monosyllable, with hardly one exception, are so circumstanced, as to require the same sort of perceptible pause : the context cannot otherwise in correct utterance be carried on. 2 C. in. 15. Dum res et aetas et j sororum Fila trium patiuntur atra. 3 C. I. 43. Delenit usus, nee | Falerna Vitis Achsemeniumque costum. 4 C. ix. 47. Nomen beati, qui | Deorum Muneribus sapi enter uti, &c. &c. Then, too, the monosyllabic words used by Horace are evidently of a peculiar class, et, nee, ac, non ; in, pro ; sic, vel, seu, cur ; nunc, mox, eras, jam ; te, me, hac, quis, qui, quern, &c. This minute observation, while it allows a free use of all analogous words, may be considered as prohibit- ing words of a different character : whatever has been other- ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (191) wise done in Alcaic verse since the revival of Letters, not a single monosyllabic verb or noun, occupying the sixth sylla- ble, ever found admission into the 317 stanzas of Horace. 12. The third verse may not end with a dissyllabic word followed by a monosyllable, unless it be an enclitic, as 3 C. xxix. 55. iprobamque Pauperiem sine dote quaero. One form of exception only occurs, it was never repeated : 2 C. xii. 19. Depone sub lauru mea, | nee Parce cadis tibi destinatis. a line without a parallel, as having an accent on the seventh syllable, and not having it, like all others, on the eighth. 13. Of those favourite or allowed forms of the third verse which constitute that keystone as it were of the Alcaic stanza, the following brief enumeration may serve. The forms most predominant, then, in all the books, with their structure and accentual cadence, are exemplified in this verse, A. — -| — | — 1 C. ix. 7- Deprome | quadrimum [ Sabina. . of which the number amounts nearly to 150 out of the whole 317. But under that scheme, let it be understood, we class all the lines which are thus similarly constructed in their component words ; except as far as the monosyllabic words having an accent, though not expressed, constitute the difference. 1 C. ix. 19. Lenesque j sub noctem | susurri. . 4 C. xv. 15. Porrecta | inajestas J ad ortum. . iv. 59. Per damna | per cae'des | ab ipso.. 3 C. xxiii. 7- Rubiginem j aut dulces | alumni. xxix. 55. Virtute | me involvo | probamque. (192) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. The form which next in point of number demands our notice, B. .._|. ___;.__, 2 C. XV. 7« Spargent | olivetis | odorem, is entitled to similar varieties according to the words which compose it. 1 C. xvii. 11. Valles | et Usticse | cubantis 3 C. xxix. 15. Coe'nse | sine aulse'is | et ostro, .. Somewhat inferior in number is the following form : 3 C. xxix. 7- Declive | contempleris | arvum . . in which the middle part, from its very constitution, might be expected to consist much less frequently of single words than of combinations like those which follow. 1 C. xxxvu. 11. Sperare | fortunaque j dulci 3 C. iv. 27- Devota 1 non extinxit j arbor. The form C. seems to have been studiously sought and preferred in the third and fourth books by Horace's more cultivated ear, being actually found in them ten times oftener than in the first and second. Verses of the form D. — |— - | — are very few in number, as the natural combinations are rare which produce it. Only one case appears of a word in itself sufficiently long. 1 C. xxv ii. 3. Morem | verecundumque | Bacchum. .. 2 C. XIII. 19. Robur | sed improvisa | leti. . 3 C. vi. 11. N6stros | et adjecisse | prae'dam. . 4 C. xiv. 35. * Portus | Alexandria | supplex. Of the forms E . _|_„___|.__ 2E. -I-- -I — ON THE METRES OF HORACE. . (193) the still greater rarity may be referred to the same cause. 1 C. xxvn. 15. N6n | 6rubesc£ndis j adurit.. 3 C. ii. 19. Dulcem | elaborabunt | sap6rem. . 4 C. iv. 11. Nunc | in reluctantes | dracones.. and 2 C. i. 35. Non | decolorav£re | cae'des. N.B. In agreement with the suggestion of Dr. Herbert, already brought forward, a secondary accent is here given to the long compound words in the first, second, and fourth lines last quoted. The verses of the form F. __w__l _ | .-- fully considered in § 11, may be the more briefly dismissed here. These lines, 1 C. xvi. 7- Non Liber ae'que | non | acuta. . xxvi. 3. Portare v£ntis | quis | sub A'rcto. . xxxv. 1 9. Gestans ah£na [ nee | severus . . — xxvu. 23. Vix illigatum | t£ J trifiormi.. show the common forms of structure and accentuation. This case, 2 C. xx. 23. Compesce clamors j ac | sepulchri . . occurs only once again, 3 C. v. 43. And these two, peculiar in their accentual beginnings 1 C. ix. 11. Deprceliantes \ n£c | cupressi. . 3 C. xvn. 3. Denominatos j ^t | nep6tum.. (unless a secondary accent be allowed) must be classed with similar commencements of a quinquesyllabic kind (some twenty more or less) which are found in the first and second lines of the stanza. (194) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. Under one or other of these six forms as stamped with Horace's mature approbation, every legitimate third verse of the Alcaic stanza may now be reduced ; and whatever modes of structure and accentuation differ from these, are virtually excluded from all place in any classical exercise of imitative composition. 14. On the Fourth line, which has its scansion thus ? Singularly enough, no scheme of structure likely to be adopted seems quite objectionable and bad, except that which exactly coincides with the scansion ; as it is unfortu- nately given in that medley of metres, known by the name of Pasiphae, v. 15* 6raqtte| jungere j quse'rit | ori... which, of course, has no parallel in Horace. The following forms are exhibited in order, according to their numerical predominance. The form A. is decidedly the most numerous. ] C. ix. J 2. Nee veteres | agitantur | orni. 20. Composita | repetantur | hora. xvn. 1G. Ruris honomra | opul£nta cornu. — - xxxiv. 8. E'git £quos j volucremque | curruni, 3 C. ii. 8. Prospiciens | ^t adulta | virgo. b. -«:.|-w-]w — 1 C. xvii. 8. Nee virides | metuunt | colubros. xxvi. 8. Necte meo | Lamiae | coronam. xxxi. 4. Sardinise | segetes j feracis. 3 C. v. 8. Consenuit | socerorMW | in arvis. 4 C xiv. 24. Mittere equum | medlos | per ignes* ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (H)->) c. .-.| |„ — 1 C. ix. 4. Fliimina | constiterint | acuto. xvn. 24. Proe'lia | nee metues | protervum. 3 C. iv. 52. Pelion | imposuisse | Oljmpo. xxix. 36. In mare | nunc lapides | adesos. D. 1 C. xxxiv. 12. Concutitur, | valet | ima | summis. 3 C. i. 16. Ora'ne capax | movet | urna | nomen. 40. Post equitem | sedet | atra | cura. We have here to remark a singular change in the practice of Horace. The form (D) above described appears very seldom in the 1st and 2d books : in the 3d and 4th it became so much a favourite as to appear nearly 10 times as often. 2D. differs from the precedent only by its ending in one quadri- syllable instead of two dissyllabic words ; and the few in- stances of it are evenly dispersed over the four books. 1 C. ix. 24. Arit digito | male | pertinaci. 3 C. xxix. 8. Telegoni | juga | parricidae. 4 C. xv. 28. Rite deos | prius | apprecati. 1 C. xvii. 12. Levia j personuere | saxa. 2 C. xni. 4. Perniciem | opprobriumque | p%i. 3 C. xxin. 20. Farre pio | et saliente | mica. Here also the change in Horace's practice is singular, but in the opposite direction to that of D. The instances, not many in all. occur three times as often in the first two books as in the two latter : the form had apparently gone out of favour with him. F and 2 F are forms similar enough to be classed to- gether. o2 (196) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. F. ~w|. |„ — 2F. -v | w-ws,_w I 1 C. xxvii. 16. Cae'sar | ab Italia J volantem. 3 C. i. 8. Cuncta | supercilio | moventis. 2 C. xx. 16. Ales, | Hyperboreosque J campos. More than two thirds of all these lines are found as in the classes A, B, D, to commence with -^- | &c. The class next in number C. consists of those which com- mence with — v w | — w * — | &c. The principal forms embracing nearly the whole number of 317 have thus been reviewed : of the few that remain, a short notice may suffice. The form |.-w«-y |w-|w-* 1 C. ix. 8. O' Thaliarche | merum | diota . . occurs very seldom. In the early books also, a single case of the (here offen- sive) amphibrach (^ - >-) occurs, thus : 1 C. xVi. 12. Teque | tuasque | decet J sordres. . and three only of the following. i C. xxxi. 16. Me cichorea | levesque j malvae. and 2 C. 1. 36. xni. 8. Finally, three lines sui generis in singularity may speak for themselves. ON THE METRES OF HORACE. (197) 3 C. i. 48. Progeniem | vitiosiorem. vi. 48. Divitias | operosiores. and v. 56 Aut Lacedaemonium j Tarentum. Loudon, January 21, 1836. POSTSCRIPT TO THE METRES. The boast of Horace, 3 C. xxx. 13, 14. Princeps iEolium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos. . . . that by happy change and adaptation he had transferred the metres of Sappho and Alcaeus into the uses of Latin poetry, might require for its full justification a more detailed com- parison betwixt his Lyric verses and the remaining frag- ments of those poets, than need at present be attempted. But for satisfaction generally on this head, the reader is referred to Gaisford's Hephaestion, 1810, to Hermann's Elementa Doctrinae Metricae, 1816, and to Charles Bur- ney's article in the Monthly Review, u. s., who was the first scholar to investigate the subject, in 1798. In the Sapphic Stanza, the Greek preference so decided of a short syllable in the 4th place where Horace always has the long, as well as numerous varieties of structure, which the Romanes Jidicen lyrce could not or would not adopt, have been sufficiently described elsewhere*, and are too well known to require formality of demonstration. Catullus's Sapphic verse also, in these pages already referred to, may easily be consulted, (Odes xi, xlviit,) to contrast his looser and ruder movement with the regulated cadences of Horace, in that its state of perfection as a Latin metre. * Greek Metres (J. T.) 4th Edition, pp. 47—51. (198) ON THE METRES OF HORACE. In the long Alcaic, that well known verse, Nlyjosv aXho (pUTEuirys tt^oteoov $ev$peov a/xTTEho)., . both begins with the Trochee which Horace (M. xin.) never admits, and proceeds without that divisio vocum which in his practice formed the regular caesura. Catullus, accordingly, has these lines amongst several (xxv.) with the caesura neglected. 1. Alfene immemor, atque unanimis false sodalibus. 8. Inducens in amorem, quasi tuta omnia mi forent. The Alcaic Stanza, in its first two verses, as we gather from Greek fragments in the pages of Burney, Gaisford, and Hermann, besides admitting the fifth syllable short, which in Horace is always long, almost indifferently used or dis- regarded the division by a word, which in Horace is hardly ever neglected, betwixt the constituent parts of the verse. 7rpQKo^o[/ t EV yap oudh ourufAEvoi. XEl/ACOVy TTETTayCMTlV (F udarcov potxl. The third line of that Stanza, besides much license of structure, has in Greek the fifth syllable freely if not always short, which in the Latin is never otherwise than long. And the fourth line not only has such forms of struc- ture as were admitted by Horace, but even in the few in- stances preserved, exhibits one at least, which his Roman ear must certainly have rejected. N«l' | (popYi/AE9a | Q. HORATII FLACC1 Ut plerique solent, naso suspendis adunco 5 Tgnotos, ut me libertino patre natum : Cum referre negas, quali sit quisque parente Natus, dura ingenuus. Persuades hoc tibi vere ; Ante pote&tatem Tulli, atque ignobile regnum, Multos ssepe viros nullis majoribus ortos, 10 Et vixisse probos, amplis et honoribus auctos : Contra, Laevinum, Valeri genus, unde Superbus Tarquinius regno pulsus fuit, unius assis Non unquam pretio pluris licuisse, notante Judice quo nosti populo, qui stultus honores 15 Saepe dat indignis, et famae servit ineptus ; Qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus. Quid oportet Nos facere, a vulgo longe longeque remotos ? Namque esto, populus Lsevino mallet honorem Quam Decio mandare novo i censorque moveret 20 Appius, ingenuo si non essem patre natus : Vel merito, quoniam in propria non pelle quiessem . 1F Sed fulgente trahit constrictos gloria curru Non minus ignotos generosis. % Quo tibi, Tilli, Sumere depositum clavum, fierique tribuno ? 25 Invidia accrevit, privato quae minor esset : Nam ut quisque insanus nigris medium impediit cms Pellibus, et latum demisit pectore clavum, Audit continuo, Quis homo hie ? et, Quo patre natus ? Ut si qui aegrotet quo morbo Barrus, haberi 30 Et cupiat formosus.; eat quacunque, puellis Injiciat curam quaerendi singula, quali Sit facie, sura quali, pede, dente, capillo : Sic qui promittit, cives, urbem sibi curas, Imperium fore, et Italiam et delubra deorum ; 35 Quo patre sit natus, num ignota matre inhonestus, Omnes mortales curare et quaerere cogit. If Tune Syri, Damas, aut Dionysi filius, audes Dejicere e saxo cives, aut tradere Cadmo ? % At Novius collega gradu post me sedet uno ; 40 SlSKMOKUM LIB, I. 6. '2\ N amque est ille, pater quod erat meus. 5F Hoc tibi Paulus Et Messala videris ? At hie, si plostra ducenta Concurrantque foro tria fun era, magna sonabit Cornua quod vincatque. tubas : saltern tenet hoc nos. H Nunc ad me redeo, libertino patre natum : 45 Quern rodunt omnes libertino patre natum : Nunc quia sum tibi, Maecenas, convictor ; at olim Quod mihi pareret legio Rom ana tribuno. Dissimile hoc illi est : quia non ut forsit honorem Jure mihi invideat quivis, ita te quoque amicum ; 50 Praesertim cautum dignos assumere, prava Ambitione procul. Felicem dicere non hoc Me possum, casu quod te sortitus amicum : Nulla etenim mihi te f'ors obtulit : optimus olim Yirgilius, post hunc Yarius, dixere quid essem. 55 Ut veni coram, singultim pauca locutus (Infans namque pudor prohibebat plura profari) Non ego me claro natum patre, non ego circum Me Satureiano vectari rura caballo, Sed quod eram, narro : respondes, ut tuus est mos, 60 Pauca : abeo ; et revocas nono post mense, jubesque Esse in amicorum numero. Magnum hoc ego duco, Quod placui tibi, qui turpi secernis honestum, Non patre prae claro, sed vita et pectore puro. Atqui si vitiis mediocribus, ac mea paucis 65 Mendosa est natura, alioqui recta, (velut si Egregio inspersos reprendas corpore naevos,) Si neque avaritiam, neque sordes, aut mala lustra Objiciet vere quisquam mihi ; purus et insons (Ut me collaudem) si vivo et carus amicis : JO Causa fuit pater his, qui macro pauper agello Noluit in Flavi ludum me mittere, magni Quo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti, Laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto, Ibant octonis referentes idibus aera: J5 Sed puerum est ausus Romam portare, docendum 22 ft. HOKATIl FLACCI Artes quas doceat quivis eques atque senator Semet prognatos : vestem servosque sequentes, In magno ut populo, si quis vidisset, avita Ex re praeberi sumtus mihi crederet illos. 80 Ipse mihi custos incorruptissimus omnes Circum doctores aderat. Quid multa? pudicum (Qui primus virtutis honos) servavit ab omni Non solum facto, verum opprobrio quoque turpi : Nee timuit, sibi ne vitio quis verteret, olim 85 Si prseco parvas, aut (ut fuit ipse) coactor Mercedes sequerer : neque ego essem questus. At hoc nunc Laus illi debetur, et a me gratia major. Nil me pceniteat sanum patris hujus : eoque Non, ut magna dolo factum negat esse suo pars, 90 Quod non ingenuos habeat clarosque parentes ; — Sic me defendam. Longe mea discrepat istis Et vox et ratio : nam si natura juberet A certis annis aevum remeare peractum, Atque alios legere ad fastum quoscunque parentes ; — 95 Optaret sibi quisque ; meis contentus, honestos Fascibus et sellis nollem mihi sumere, demens Judicio vulgi ; sanus fortasse tuo, quod Nollem onus (baud unquam solitus) portare molestum. Nam mihi continuo major quaerenda foret res, 100 Atque salutandi plures ; ducendus et unus Et comes alter, uti ne solus rusve peregreve Exirem ; plures calones atque caballi Pascendi ; ducenda petorrita. Nunc mihi curto Ire licet mulo, vel, si libet, usque Tarentum, 105 Mantica cui lumbos onere ulceret, atque eques armos. Objiciet nemo sordes mihi, quas tibi, Tilli, Cum Tiburte via praetorem quinque sequuntur Te pueri, lasanum portantes cenophorumque. Hoc ego commodius quam tu, praeclare senator, 110 Millibus atque aliis, vivo ; quacunque libido est, Incedo solus ; percontor quanti olus, ac far; SERMONUM LIB. I. 7« 23 Fallacem Circum, vespertinumque pererro Ssepe forum ; assisto divinis ; hide domum me Ad porri et ciceris refero laganique catinum : 115 Ccena ministratur pueris tribus ; et lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet ; astat echino Vilis cum patera guttus, Campaua supellex. Deinde eo dormitum, non solicitus, mihi quod eras Surgendum sit mane, obeundus Marsya, qui se 120 Vultum ferre negat Noviorum posse minoris. Ad quartam jaceo : post banc vagor, aut ego lecto, Aut scripto quod me taciturn juvet : ungor olivo, Non quo fraudatis immundus Nacca lucernis. A st ubi me fessum sol acrior ire lavatum 125 Admonuit, fugio Campum lusumque trigonem. Pransus non avide, quantum interpellet inani Ventre diem durare, domesticus otior. Haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione gravique: His me consolor victurum suavius, ac si 130 Quaestor avus, pater atque meus, patruusque fuisset. SATIRA VII. Proscripti Regis Rupili pus atque venenum Ibrida quo pacto sit Persius ultus, opinor Omnibus et lippis notum et tonsoribus esse. Persius hie permagna negotia dives habebat Clazomenis, etiam lites cum Rege molestas; 5 Durus homo, atque odio qui posset vincere Regem ; Confidens, tumidus ; adeo sermonis amari, Sisennas, Barros ut equis praecurreret albis. Ad Regem redeo : postquam nihil inter utrumque Convenit (hoc etenim sunt omnes jure molesti 10 Quo fortes, quibus adversum bellum incidit. Inter Hcctora Priamiden, animosum atque inter Achillem 24 a, HOIIATII FLACCI Ira fuit capitalis, ut ultima divideret mors Non aliam ob causam, nisi quod virtus in utroque Summa fuit. Duo si discordia vexet inertes ; 15 Aut si disparibus bellum incidat, ut Diomedi Cum Lycio Glauco ; discedet pigrior, ultro Muneribus missis) — Bruto Praetore tenente Ditem Asiam, Rupili et Persi par pugnat, uti non Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius ; in jus 20 Acres procurrunt, magnum spectaculum uterque. Persius exponit causam, ridetur ab omni Conventu ; laudat Brutum, laudatque cohortem ; Solem Asise Brutum appellat; stellasque salubres Appellat comites, excepto Rege ; canem ilium, 25 Invisum agricolis sidus, venisse : ruebat Flumen ut hibernum, fertur quo rara securis. Turn Praenestinus salso mul toque fluenti Expressa arbusto regerit convicia, durus Vindemiator, et invictus, cui ssep'e viator 30 Cessisset, magna compellans voce cuculum. At Grsecus, postquam est Italo perfusus aceto, Persius exclamat, Per magnos, Brute, Deos te Oro, qui reges consueris tollere, cur non Hunc Regem jugulas ? operum hoc (mihi crede) tuorum est. 35 SATIRA VIII. Olim truncus eram ficulnus, inutile lignum, Cum faber incertus scamnum faceret ne Priapum, Maluit esse deum : deus inde ego, furum aviumque Maxima formido ; nam fures dextra coercet, Obsccenoque ruber porrectus ab inguine palus : Ast importunas volucres in vertice arundo Terret fixa, vetatque novis considere in hortis. SERMONUM LIB. It 8. 25 Hue prius angustis ejecta cadavera cellis Conservus vili portanda locabat in area. Hoc miserae plebi stabat commune sepulcrum, 10 Pantolabo scurrae, Nomentanoque nepoti. Mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hie dabat ; haeredes monumentum ne sequeretur. Nunc licet Esquiliis habitare salubribus, atque Aggere in aprico spatiari, qua modo tristes 15 Albis inform em spectabant ossibus agrum. Cum mihi non tantum furesque feraeque suetae Hunc vexare locum, curae sunt atque labori, Quantum, carminibus quae versant atque venenis Humanos animos : has nullo perdere possum, 20 Nee prohibere modo, simulac vaga luna decorum Protulit os, quin ossa legant, herbasque nocentes. Vidi egomet nigra succinctam vadere palla Canidiam, pedibus nudis, passoque capillo, Cum Sagana majore ululantem : pallor utrasque 25 Fecerat horrendas aspectu. Scalpere terram Unguibus, et pullam divellere mordicus agnam Cceperunt ; cruor in fossam confusus, ut inde Manes elicerent, animas responsa daturas. Lanea et effigies erat, altera cerea ; major 30 Lanea, quae pcenis compesceret inferiorem. Cerea suppliciter stabat, servilibus ut quae Jam peritura modis. Hecaten vocat altera saevam, Altera Tisiphonen : serpentes atque videres Infernas errare canes, lunamque rubentem, 35 Ne foret his testis, post magna latere sepulcra. Mentior at si quid, merdis caput inquiner albis Corvorum ; atque in me veniat mictum atque cacatum Julius et fragilis Pediatia, furque Voranus. Singula quid memorem ? quo pacto alterna loquentes 40 Umbrae cum Sagana resonarint triste et acutum; Utque lupi barbam variae cum dente colubrae Abdiderint furtim terris ; et imagine cerea 26 Q. HOKATIl FLACCI Largior arserit ignis ; et ut non testis inultus Horruerim voces Furiarum et facta duarum. 45 Nam, displosa sonat quantum vesica, pepedi Diffissa nate ficus ; at illae currere in urbem : Canidiae dentes, altum Saganae caliendrum Excidere, atque herbas, atque incantata lacertis Vincula, cum magno risuque jocoque videres. 50 SATIRA IX. I bam forte Via sacra, sicut meus est mos, Nescio quid meditans nugarum, et totus in illis : Accurrit quidam notus mihi nomine tantum, Arreptaque manu, HQuid agis, dulcissime rerum? IfSuaviter, ut nunc est, inquam ; et cupio omnia quae vis. 5 Cum assectaretur, Numquid vis ? occupo : at ille, Noris nos, inquit ; docti sumus. Hie ego, Pluris Hoc, inquam, mihi eris : misere discedere quaerens, Ire modo ocius, interdum consistere, in aurem Dicere nescio quid puero : cum sudor ad imos 10 Manaret talos, O te, Bolane, cerebri Felicem ! aiebam tacitus : cum quidlibet ille Garriret, vicos, urbem laudaret ; ut illi Nil respondebam, Misere cupis, inquit, abire, Jamdudum video: sed nil agis; usque tenebo, 15 Persequar. Hinc quo nunc iter est tibi ? 11 Nil opus est te Circumagi ; quendam volo visere, non tibi notum : Trans Tiberim longe cubat is, prope Caesaris hortos. IT Nil habeo quod agam, et non sum piger ; usque sequar te. Demitto auriculas, ut iniquae mentis asellus, 20 Cum gravius dorso subiit onus. Incipit ille ; Si bene me novi, non Viscum pluris amicum, Non Varium, facies : nam quis me scribere plures Aut citius possit versus ? quis membra movere SERMONUM LIB. 1. 9- 27 Mollius ? invideat quod et Hermogenes, ego canto. 25 Interpellandi locus hie erat ; 1f Est tibi mater ? Cognati, queis te salvo est opus ? If Haud mihi quisquam ; Omnes composui. H Felices ! nunc ego resto : Confice ; namque instat fatum mihi triste, Sabella Quod puero cecinit mota divina anus urna ; 30 M Hunc neque dira venena nee hosticus auferet ensis, " Nee laterum dolor, aut tussis, nee tarda podagra ; " Garrulus hunc quando consumet cunque : loquaces, " Si sapiat, vitet, simulatque adoleverit setas." Ventum erat ad Vestas, quarta jam parte diei 35 Praeterita : et casu tunc respondere vadato Debebat; quod ni fecisset, perdere litem. Si me amas, inquit, paulum hie ades. % Inteream si Aut valeo stare, aut novi civilia jura ; Et propero quo scis. If Dubius sum quid faciam, inquit ; 40 Tene relinquam, an rem. % Me, sodes. If Non faciam, ille : Et praecedere ccepit. Ego (ut contendere durum est Cum victore) sequor. 5f Maecenas quomodo tecum ? Hinc repetit. If Paucorum hominum, et mentis bene sanae : Nemo dexterius fortuna est usus. If Haberes 45 Magnum adjutorem, posset qui ferre secundas, Hunc hominem velles si tradere ; dispeream ni Summosses omnes. % Non isto vivimus illic Quo tu rere modo : domus hac nee purior ulla est. Nee magis his aliena malis : nil mi officit unquam, 50 Ditior hie, aut est quia doctior ; est locus uni- Cuique suus. ^f Magnum narras, vix credibile. ^f Atqui Sic habet. 1f Accendis quare cupiam magis illi Proximus esse. If Velis tantummodo, quae tua virtus, Expugnabis ; et est qui vinci possit, eoque 55 Difficiles aditus primos habet. If Haud mihi deero : Muneribus servos corrumpam ; non, hodie si Exclusus fuero, desistam ; tempora quaeram ; Occurram in triviis ; deducam. Nil sine magno Vita labore dedit mortalibus. If Haec dum agit, ecce, 60 28 Q. HORATIl FLACC1 Fuscus Aristius occurrit, mihi carus, et ilium Qui pulchre nosset : consistimus : Unde venis ? et, Quo tendis ? rogat, et respondet. Vellere ccepi, Et prensare manu lentissima brachia, nutans, Distorquens oculos, ut me eriperet : male salsus 65 Itidens dissimulare : meum jecur urere bilis. Certe nescio quid secreto velle loqui te Aiebas mecum : Memini bene ; sed meliori Tempore dicam : hodie tricesima sabbata : vin" tu Curtis Judaeis oppedere ? Nulla mihi, inquam, "JO Relligio est : At mi : sum paulo infirmior, unus Multorum ; ignosces ; alias loquar. Hunccine solem Tarn nigrum surrexe mihi ! fugit improbus, ac me Sub cultro linquit. Casu venit obvius illi Adversarius : et, Quo tu turpissime ? magna *J5 Exclamat voce, et, Licet antestari ? Ego vero Oppono auriculam : rapit in jus : clamor utrinque : Undique concursus. Sic me servavit Apollo. SATIRA X. Nempe incomposito dixi pede currere versus Lucili : quis tarn Lucili fautor inepte est, Ut non hoc fateatur ? At idem, quod sale multo Urbem defricuit, charta laudatur eadem. Nee tarn en hoc tribuens, dederim quoque caetera: nam sic 5 Et Laberi mimos, ut pulchra poemata, mirer. Ergo non satis est risu diducere rictum Auditoris : et est quaedam tamen hie quoque virtus. Est brevitate opus, ut currat sententia, neu se Impediat verbis lassas onerantibus aures. 10 Et sermone opus est modo tristi, saepe jocoso, Defendente vicem modo rhetoris, atque poetae, Interdum urbani, parcentis viribus, atque HOItATlI FLA CO I Primus in hunc operis componere carmina morem* Detrahere et pellem, nitidus qua quisque per ora Cederet, introrsum turpis ; num Laelius, et qui 65 Duxit ab oppressa meritum Carthagine nomen, Ingenio offensi ? aut laeso doluere Metello, Famosisque Lupo cooperto versibus? Atqui Primores populi arripuit, populumque tributim ; Scilicet uni aequus virtuti, atque ejus amicis. 70 Quin ubi se a vulgo et scena in secreta remorant Virtus Scipiadae et mitis sapientia Laeli ; Nugari cum illo, et discincti ludere, donee Decoqueretur olus, soliti. Quicquid sum ego, quamvis Infra Lucili censum ingeniumque, tamen me ^5 Cum magnis vixisse invita fatebitur usque Invidia, et fragili quaerens iliidere dentem, Offendet solido. Nisi quid tu, docte Trebati, Dissentis. if Equidem nihil hie diffingere possum. Sed tamen ut monitus caveas (ne forte negoti 80 Incutiat tibi quid sanctarum inscitia legum) Si mala condiderit in quern quis carmina, jus est Judiciumque. H Esto, siquis mala ; sed bona siquis Judice condiderit laudatus Caesare, siquis Opprobriis dignum latraverit, integer ipse ? 85 if Solventur risu tabulae ; tu missus abibis. SATIRA II. Qu/E virtus et quanta, boni, sit vivere parvo (Nee meus-hic sermo est, sed quae praecepit Ofellus, Rusticus, abnormis sapiens, crassaque Minerva) Discite, non inter lances mensasque nitentes, Cum stupet insanis acies fulgoribus, et cum Adclinis falsis animus meiiora recusat ; Verum hie impransi mecum disquirite. II Cur hoc ? skumoxtm r.iB. rr. -2. 35 If Dicam si potero. Male verum examinat omnis Corruptus judex. Leporem sectatus, equove Lassus ab indomito, (vel, si Romana fatigat 10 Militia assuetura Graecari, seu pila velox, Molliter austerum studio fallente laborem, Seu te discus agit, pete cedentera aera disco,) Cum labor extuderit fastidia, siccus, inanis Sperne cibum vilem; nisi Hymettia mella Falerno 15 Ne biberis diluta : foris est promus, et atrum Defendens pisces hiemat mare ; cum sale panis Latrantem stomachum bene leniet. Unde putas, aut Qui par turn ? Non in caro nidore voluptas Summa, sed in teipso est. Tu pulmentaria quaere 20 Sudando : pinguem vitiis, albumque, neque ostrea, Nee scarus, aut poterit peregrina juvare lagois. Vix tamen eripiam, posito pavone, velis quin Hoc potius, quam gallina, tergere palatum, Corruptus vanis rerum ; quia veneat auro 25 Rara avis, et picta pandat spectacula cauda : Tanquam ad rem attineat quicquam. Num vesceris ista, Quam laudas, pluma ? cocto num adest honor idem ? Carne tamen quamvis distat nihil hac magis ilia, Imparibus formis deceptum te patet, esto : 30 Unde datum sentis, lupus hie Tiberinus, an alto Captus hiet, pontesne inter jactatus, an amnis Ostia sub Tusci? — Laudas, insane, trilibrem Mullum, in singula quern minuas pulmenta necesse est Ducit te species ; video : quo pertinet ergo, 35 Proceros odisse lupos ? quia scilicet illis Majorem natura modum dedit, his breve pondus. Jejunus rare stomachus vulgaria temnit. Porrectum magno magnum spectare catino Vellem, ait Harpyiis gula digna rapacibus. At vos 40 Praesentes Austri coquite horum obsonia : quamvis Putet aper rhombusque recens, mala copia quando iEgrum solicitat stomachum ; cum rapula plenus n 2 36 Q. H0HAT1I FLACCI Atque acidas mavult inulas. Necdum omnis abacta Pauperies epulis regum : nam vilibus ovis 45 Nigrisque est oleis hodie locus. Haud ita pridem Gallom praeconis erat acipensere mensa Infamis : quid ? turn rhombos minus aequor alebat ? Tutus erat rhombus, tutoque ciconia nido, Donee vos auctor docuit praetorius. Ergo 50 Si quis nunc mergos suaves edixerit assos, Parebit pravi docilis Romana juventus. Sordidus a teiiui victu distabit, Ofello Judice : nam frustra vitium vitaveris illud^ Si te alio pravum detorseris. Avidienus, 55 Cui Canis ex vero ductum cognomen adhseret, Quinquennes oleas est, et silvestria corna ; Ac, nisi mutatum, parcit defundere vinum ; et Cujus odorem olei nequeas perferre (licebit Ille repotia, natales, aliosve dierum 60 Festos albatus celebret) cornu ipse bilibri Caulibus instillat, veteris non parcus aceti. Quali igitur victu sapiens utetur ? et horum Utrum imitabitur? Hac urguet lupus, hac canis, aiunt. Mundus erit, qui non ofFendat sordidus, atque 65 In neutram partem cultus miser : hie neque servis, Albuti senis exemplo, dum munia didit, Saevus erit ; neque, sicut simplex Naevius, unctam Con vi vis praebebit aquam : vitium hoc quoque magnum. Accipe nunc, victus tenuis quae quantaque secum *J0 Afferat. In primis valeas bene ; nam variae res Ut noceant homini, credas, memor illius escae, Quae simplex olim tibi sederit: at simul assis Miscueris elixa, simul conchylia turdis ; Dulcia se in bilem vertent, stomachoque tumultum *]5 Lenta feret pituita. Vides ut pallidus omnis Ccena desurgat dubia ? Quin corpus onustum Hesternis vitiis animum quoque praegravat una, Atque adfligit humo divinae particulam aura9. SERMONUM LIB. II. 2. 37 Alter, ubi dicto citius curata sopori 80 Membra dedit, vegetus praescripta ad munia surgit. Hie tamen ad melius poterit transcurrere quondam : Sive diem festum rediens adduxerit annus ; Seu recreare volet tenuatum corpus ; ubi que Aceedent anni, et tractari mollius aetas 85 Imbecilla volet : tibi quidnam accedet ad istam, Quam puer et validus praesumis, mollitiem : seu Dura valetudo incident, seu tarda senectus ? Rancidum aprum antiqui laudabant, non quia nasus Illis nullus erat, sed, credo, hac mente, quod hospes 90 Tardius adveniens vitiatum commodius, quam Integrum edax dominus consumeret. Hos utinam inter Heroas natum Tellus me prima tulisset ! Das aliquid famse, quae carmine gratior aurem Occupat humanam ? grandes rhombi patinaeque 95 Grande ferunt una cum damno dedecus ; adde Iratum patruum, vicinos, te tibi iniquum, Et frustra mortis cupidum, cum deerit egenti As, laquei pretium. Jure, inquit, Trausius istis Jurgatur verbis : Ego vectigalia magna, 10Q Divitiasque habeo tribus amplas regibus. Ergo Quod superat, non est melius quo insumere possis ? Cur eget indignus quisquam, te divite ? quare Tern pi a ruunt antiqua Deum ? Cur, im probe, carae Non aliquid patriae tanto emetiris acervo ? 105 Uni nimirum tibi recte semper erunt res. O magnus posthac inimicis risus ! Uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius ? hie, qui Pluribus assuerit mentem corpusque superbum ? An qui, contentus parvo metuensque futuri, 110 In pace, ut sapiens, aptarit idonea bello ? H Quo magis his credas ; puer hunc ego parvus Ofellum Integris opibus novi non latius usum, Quam nunc accisis. Videas .metato in agello Cum pecore et gnatis fortem mercede colonum, 115 38 tt. HORATII FLACCI H Non ego, narrantem, temere edi luce profesta Quicquam praeter olus, fumosae cum pede pernae. Ac mihi seu longum post tempus venerat hospes, Sive operum vacuo gratus conviva per imbrem Vicinus, bene erat, non piscibus urbe petitis, 120 Sed pullo atque hcedo : turn pensilis uva secundas Et nux ornabat mensas, cum duplice ficu : Post hoc ludus erat culpa potare magistra ; Ac venerata Ceres, ita culmo surgeret alto, Explicuit vino contracts seria frontis. 125 Saeviat, atque novos moveat fortuna tumultus, Quantum hinc imminuet? quanto aut ego parcius, aut vos, O pueri, nituistis, ut hue novus incola venit ? Nam proprias telluris herum natura neque ilium, Nee me, nee quemquam statuit : nos expulit ille ; 130 Ilium aut nequities, aut vafri inscitia juris ; Postremo expellet certe vivacior haeres. Nunc ager Umbreni sub nomine, nuper Ofelli Dictus erat, nulli proprius ; sed cedit in usum Nunc mihi, nunc alii: quocirca vivite fortes, 135 Fortiaque adversis opponite pectora rebus. SATIRA III. Sic raro scribis, ut toto non quater anno Membranam poscas, scriptorum quaeque retexens, Iratus tibi quod vini somnique benignus Nil dignum sermone canas. Quid fiet ? at ipsis Saturnalibus hue fugisti ; sobrius ergo 5 Die aliquid dignum promissis : incipe ; nil est. Culpantur frustra calami, immeritusque laborat Iratis natus paries Diis atque poetis. Atqui vultus erat multa et praeclara minantis. Si vacuum tepido cepisset villula tecto. 10 SKKMONUM LIB. 11. 3. 39 Quorsum pertinuit stipare Platona Menandro, Eupolin Archilocho ? comites educere tantos ? Invidiam placare paras Virtute relicta ? Contemnere miser : vitanda est improba Siren Desidia: aut quicquid vita meliore parasti, 15 Ponendum aequo animo. H Dii te, Damasippe, deasque Verum ob consilium donent tonsore : sed unde Tarn bene me nosti ? % Postquam omnis res mea Janum Ad medium fracta est, aliena negotia euro, Excussus propriis : olim nam quaerere amabam 20 Quo vafer ille pedes lavisset Sisyphus aere, Quid scalptum infabre, quid fusum durius esset : Callidus huic signo ponebam millia centum : Hortos egregiasque domos mercarier unus Cum lucro noram ; unde frequentia Mercuriale 25 Imposuere mihi cognomen compita. 11 Novi : Et morbi miror purgatum te illius. H Atqui Emovit veterem mire novus, ut solet, in cor Trajecto lateris miseri capitisque dolore : Ut lethargicus hie, cum fit pugil, et medicum urguet. 30 i[ Dum nequid simile huic, esto ut libet. H O bone, ne te Frustrere ; insanis et tu, stultique prope omnes, Siquid Stertinius veri crepat ; unde ego mira Descripsi docilis praecepta haec, tempore quo me Solatus jussit sapientem pascere barbam, 35 Atque a Fabricio non tristem ponte reverti. Nam male re gesta cum vellem mittere operto Me capite in flumen, dexter stetit, et Cave faxis Te quicquam indignum : pudor (inquit) te malus angit, Insanos qui inter vereare insanus haberi. 40 Primum nam inquiram, quid sit furere ; hoc si erit in te Solo, nil verbi, pereas quin fortiter, addam. Quern mala stultitia, et quemcunque inscitia veri Caecum agit, insanum Chrysippi porticus et grex Autumat. Haec populos, haec magnos formula reges, 45 Excepto sapiente, tenet. Nunc accipe quare 40 Q.. IIORATIf KLACCI Desipiant omnes aeque ac tu, qui tibi nomen Insano posuere. Velut silvis, ubi passim Palantes error certo de tramite pellit ; Ille sinistrorsum, hie dextrorsum abit ; unus utrique 50 Error, sed variis illudit partibus : hoc te Crede modo insanum, nihilo ut sapientior ille, Qui te deridet, caudam trahat. Est genus unum Stultitiae nihilum metuenda timentis; ut ignes, Ut rupes fluviosque in campo obstare queratur : 55 Alterum et huic varium, et nihilo sapientius, ignes Per medios fluviosque mentis : clamet arnica Mater, honesta soror, cum eognatis, pater, uxor ; Hie fossa est ingens ! hie rupes maxima ! serva J Non magis audierit quam Fusius ebrius olim 60 Cum Ilionam edormit, Catienis mi lie ducentis, Mater te appello, clamantibus. Huic ego vulgum Errori similem cunctum insanire docebo. Insanit veteres statuas Damasippus emendo. Integer est mentis Damasippi creditor? esto : 65 Accipe quod nunquam reddas mihi, si tibi dicam, Tune insanus eris, si acceperis ; an magis excors, Hejecta praeda, quam praesens Mercurius fert P Scribe decern a Nerio : non est satis ; adde Cicutae Nodosi tabulas centum ; mille adde catenas : 'JO Effugiet tamen haec sceleratus vincula Proteus. Cum rapies in jus malis ridentem alienis, Fiet aper, modo avis, modo saxum, et cum volet, arbor. Si male rem gerere, insani est ; contra, bene, sani ; Putidius multo cerebrum est (mihi crede) Perilli, *J5 Dictantis, quod tn nunquam rescribere possis. Audire, atque togam jubeo componere, quisquis Ambitione mala aut argenti pallet amore, Quisquis luxuria tristive superstitione, Aut alio mentis morbo calet ; hue propius me, 80 Dum doceo insanire omnes, vos ordine adite. Danda est hellebori multo pars maxima avaris : SERMONUM LIB. II. 3. 41 Nescio an Anticyram ratio illis destinet omnem. Haeredes Staberi summam incidere sepulcro ; Ni sic fecissent, gladiatorum dare centum 85 Damnati populo paria, atque epulum, arbitrio Arri ; Frumenti quantum metit Africa. Sive ego prave, Seu recte, hoc volui ; ne sis patruus mihi. Credo Hoc Staberi prudentem animum vidisse. Quid ergo Sensit, cum summam patrimoni insculpere saxo 90 Haeredes voluit ? Quoad vixit, credidit ingens Pauperiem vitium, et cavit nihil acrius ; ut si Forte minus locuples uno quadrante perisset, Ipse videretur sibi nequior : omnis enim res, Virtus, fama, decus, divina humanaque pulchris 95 Divitiis parent ; quas qui contraxerit, ille Clarus erit, fortis, Justus — Sapiensne ? Etiam ! et rex, Et quicquid volet. Hoc, veluti virtute paratum, Speravit magnae laudi fore. Quid simile isti Graecus Aristippus, qui servos projicere aurum 100 In media jussit Libya, quia tardius irent Propter onus segues ? uter est insanior horum ? Nil agit exemplum, litem quod lite resolvit. Siquis emat citharas, emptas comportet in unum, Nee studio citharae nee Musas deditus ulli ; 105 Si scalpra et form as, non sutor j nautica vela, Aversus mercaturis : delirus et amens Undique dicatur merito. Qui discrepat istis, Qui nummos aurum que recondit, nescius uti Compositis, metuensque velut contingere sacrum ? 110 Siquis ad ingentem frumenti semper acervum Porrectus vigilet, cum longo fuste ; neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum, Ac potius foliis parcus vescatur amaris : Si positis intus Chii veterisque Falerni 115 Mille cadis — nihil est : tercentum millibus, acre Potet acetum : age, si et stramentis incubet, unde- Octoginta annos natus, cui stragula vestis. 42 Q. HORATII FLACCI Blattarum ac tinearum epulee, putrescat in area : Nimirum insanus paucis videatur, go quod 120 Maxima pars hominum morbo jactatur eodem. Filius, aut etiam haec libertus ut ebibat hasres, Dis inimice senex custodis ? ne tibi desk ? Quantulum enim summae curtabit quisque dierum, Unguere si caules oleo meliore, caputque 125 Cceperis impexa foedum porrigine ? Quare, Si quidvis satis est, perjuras, surripis, aufers Undique ? tun' sanus ? Populum si csedere sax is Incipias, servosve tuo quos aere pararis, Insanum te omnes pueri clamentque puellaa : 130 Cum laqueo uxorem interimis, matremque veneno, Incolumi capite es? Quid enim ? Nequetu hocfacis Argis, Nee ferro ut demens genitricem occidis Orestes. An tu reris eum occisa insanisse parente ? Ac non ante malis dementem actum Furiis, quam 135 In matris jugulo ferrum tepefecit acutum? Quin ex quo est habitus male tutae mentis Orestes, Nil sane fecit quod tu reprendere possis: Non Pyladen ferro violare aususve sororem Electram; tantum maledicit utrique vocando 140 Hanc, Furiam ; hune, aliud, jussit quod splendida bilis. Pauper Opimius argenti positi intus et auri, Qui Veientanum festis potare diebus Campana solitus trulla, vappamque profestis, Quondam lethargo grandi est oppressus, ut haeres 145 Jam circum loculos et claves laetus ovansque Curreret : hunc medicus multum celer atque fideli Excitat hoc pacto ; mensam poni jubet, atque Effundi saccos nummorum ; accedere plures Ad numerandum : hominem sic erigit : addit et illud, 150 Ni tua custodis, avidus jam hsec auferet haeres. H Men 1 vivo ? H Ut vivas igitur, vigila : hoc age.HQuid vis ? IF Deficient inopem venas te, ni cibus atque Ingens accedat stomacho fultura ruenti. SEKMONUM LIB. II. 3. 43 Tu cessas? agedum sume hoc ptisanarium oryzte. 155 H Quanti emptae ? H Parvo. H Quanti ergo ? If Octussibus. HEheu! Quid refert, morbo, an furtis pereamve rapinis ? Quisnam igitur sanus? Qui non stultus. Quid avarus ? Stultus et insanus. Quid ? siquis non sit avarus, Con tinuo sanus? Minim e. Cur, Stoice? Dicam. 160 Non est cardiacus, Craterum dixisse putato, Hie seger: recte est igitur, surgetque ? negabit; Quod latus aut renes morbo tentantur acuto. Non est perjurus, neque sordidus; immolet aequis Hie porcum Laribus: verum ambitiosus et audax; 165 Naviger Anticyram : quid enim differt, barathrone Dones quicquid habes, an nunquam utare paratis? Servius Oppidius Canusi duo praedia, dives Antiquo censu, natis divisse duobus Fertur, et haec moriens pueris dixisse vocatis 170 Ad lectum, Postquam te talos, Aule, nucesque Ferre sinu laxo, donare et ludere vidi ; Te, Tiberi, numerare, cavis abscondere tristem : Extimui ne vos ageret vesania discors ; Tu Nomentanum, tu ne sequerere Cicutam. 175 Quare per divos oratus uterque Penates, Tu cave ne minuas ; tu, ne majus facias id Quod satis esse putat pater, et natura coercet. Praeterea ne vos titillet gloria, jure- Jurando obstringam ambo : uter aedilis fuerit ve 180 Vestrum praetor, is intestabilis et sacer esto. In cicere atque faba bona tu perdas que lupinis, Latus ut in Circo spatiere, aut aeneus ut stes, Nudus agris, nudus nummis, insane, paternis ? Scilicet ut plausus, quos fert Agrippa, feras tu, 185 Astuta ingenuum vulpes imitata leonem ? Nequis humasse velit Ajacem, Atrida, vetas cur ? H Rex sum. IT Nil ultra quaero plebeius. If Et aequam Rem imperito : at sicui videor non Justus, inulto Dicere, quod sentis. permitto. If Maxime regum, 190 44* Q. HOKATII FLACCI Dii tibi dent capta classem reducere Troja ! Ergo consulere, et mox respondere licebit? II Consule. If Cur Ajax heros ab Achille secundus Putescit, toties servatis clarus Achivis, Gaudeat ut populus Priami Priamusque inhumato, 195 Per quern tot juvenes patrio caruere sepulchro ? if Mille ovium insanus morti dedit; inclytum Ulyssem Et Menelaum una mecum se occidere clamans. if Tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam Ante aras, spargisque mola caput, improbe, salsa, 200 Rectum animi servas?ifQuorsum?if Insanus quid enim Ajax Fecit, cum stravit ferro pecus ? abstinuit vim Uxore et gnato, mala multa precatus Atridis. Non ille aut Teucrum, aut ipsum violavit Ulyssem. if Verum ego, ut haerentes adverso littore naves 205 Eriperem, prudens placavi sanguine divos. if Nempe tuo, furiose. If Meo ; sed non furiosus. if Qui species alias veri scelerisque tumultu Permistas capiet, commotus habebitur; atque, Stultitiane erret, nihilum distabit, an ira. 210 Ajax cum immeritos occidit, desipit, agnos ? Cum prudens scelus ob titulos admittis inanes, Stas animo ? et purum est vitio tibi cum tumidum est cor ? Siquis lectica nitidam gestare amet agnam, Huic vestem ut gnatse paret, ancillas paret, aurum, 215 Rufam et Rufillam appellet, fortique marito Destinet uxorem ; interdicto huic omne adimat jus Praetor, et ad sanos abeat tutela propinquos. Quid ? siquis gnatam pro muta devovet agna, Integer est animi ? ne dixeris. Ergo, ubi prava 220 Stultitia, hie est summa insania : qui sceleratus, Et furiosus erit ; quern cepit vitrea fama, Hunc circumtonuit gaudens Bellona cruentis. Nunc age, luxuriam et Nomentanum arripe mecum : Vincet enim stultos ratio insanire nepotes, 225 Hie simul accepit patrimoni mille talenta, Edicit, piscator uti, pomarius, auceps, SERMONUM LIB. II. 3. 45 Unguentarius, ac Tusci turba impia vici, Cum scurris fartor, cum Velabro omne macellum, Mane domum veniant. Quid turn? Venerefrequentes, 230 Verba facit leno, Quicquid mihi, quicquid et horum Cuique domi est, id crede tuum : et vel nunc pete, vel eras. Accipe quid contra juvenis respondent sequus ; In nive Lucana dormis ocreatus, ut aprum Ccenem ego ; tu pisces hiberno ex aequore vellis ; 235 Segnis ego, indignus qui tantum possideam : aufer! Sume tibi decies ; tibi tantundem ; tibi triplex, Unde uxor media currit de nocte citata. Filius iEsopi detractam ex aure Metellse, Scilicet ut decies solidum exsorberet, aceto 240 Diluit insignem baccam ; qui sanior, ac si IUud idem in rapidum flumen, jaceretve cloacam ? Quinti progenies Arri, par nobile fratrum, Nequitia et nugis, pravorum et amore gemellum, Luscinias soliti impenso prandere coemtas : 245 Quorsum abeant ? sanin' creta, an carbone notandi ? iEdificare casas, plostello adjungere mures, Ludere par impar, equitare in arundine longa, Si quern delectet barbatum, amentia verset. Si puerilius his, ratio esse evincet, amare ; 250 Nee quidquam differre, utrumne in pulvere, trimus Quale prius, ludas opus, an meretricis amore Solicitus plores : qusero, faciasne quod olim Mutatus Polemon ? ponas insignia morbi, Fasciolas, cubital, focalia, potus ut ille 255 Dicitur ex collo furtim carpsisse coronas, Postquam est impransi correptus voce magistri ? Porrigis irato puero cum poma, recusat : Sume, Catelle ; negat : si non des, optat. Amator Exclusus qui distat, agit ubi secum, eat, an non, 260 Quo rediturus erat non arcessitus, et haeret Invisis foribus ? Ne nunc, cum me vocat ultro, Accedam ? an potius mediter finire dolores ? 46 Q. HORATir FLACCr Exclusit, revocat: redeam ? non, si obsecret. Ecce Servus, non paulo sapientior ; O here, quae res 265 Nee modum habet, neque consilium, ratione modoque Tractari non vult : in amore haec sunt mala; bellum, Pax rursum ; haec siquis tempestatis prope ritu Mobilia, et caeca fluitantia sorte, laboret Reddere certa sibi, nihilo plus explicet, ac si 270 Insanire paret certa ratione modoque. Quid ? cum Picenis excerpens semina pomis, Gaudes si cameram percusti forte, penes te es? Quid ? cum balba feris annoso verba palato, JEdificante casas qui sanior ? Adde cruorem 275 Stultitiae, atque ignem gladio scrutare : modo, inquam, Hellade percussa Marius cum praecipitat se, Cerritus fuit ? an commotae crimine mentis Absolves hominem, et sceleris damnabis eundem, Ex more imponens cognata vocabula rebus ? 280 Libertinus erat, qui circum com pita siccus Lautis mane senex manibus currebat : et, Unum (Quid tarn magnum ? addens) unum me surpite morti, Diis etenim facile est, orabat; sanus utrisque Auribus atque oculis; mentem, nisi litigiosus, 285 Exciperet dominus cum venderet : hoc quoque vulgus Chrysippus ponit fcecunda in gente Meneni. Jupiter, ingentes qui das adimisque dolores, Mater ait pueri menses jam quinque cubantis, Frigida si puerum quartana reliquerit, illo 290 Mane die quo tu indicis jejunia, nudus In Tiberi stabit : casus medicusve levarit iEgrum ex praecipiti, mater delira necabit In gelida fixum ripa, febrimque reducet : Quone malo mentem concussa ? timore Deorum. 295 Haec mihi Stertinius sapientum octavus amico Arma dedit, posthac ne compellarer inultus. Dixerit insanum qui me, totidem audiet ; atque Respicere ignoto discet pendentia tergo. SERMON OM LIB. H. 4. 4<7 5[ Stoice, post damnum sic venclas omnia pluris : 300 Qua me stultitia (quoniam non est genus unum) Insanire putas ? ego nam videor mihi sanus. If Quid, caput abscissum demens cum portat Agave Gnati infelicis, sibi turn furiosa videtur ? If Stultum me fateor (liceat concedere veris) 305 Atque etiam insanum ; tantum hoc edissere, quo me .^Egrotare putes animi vitio. If Accipe ; primum /Edificas, hoc est, longos imitaris, ab imo Ad summum totus moduli bipedalis ; et idem Corpore majorem rides Turbonis in armis 310 Spiritum et incessum : qui ridiculus minus illo ? An quodcunque facit Maecenas, te quoque verum est, Tanto dissimilem, et tanto certare minorem ? Absentis ranae pullis vituli pede pressis, Unus ubi effugit, matri denarrat, ut ingens 315 Belua cognatos eliserit : ilia rogare, Quantane ? num tantum, sufflans se, magna fuisset ? If Major dimidio. 1f Num tantum ? If Cum magis atque Se magis inflaret ; Non, si te ruperis, inquit, Par eris. Haec a te non multum abludit imago. 320 Adde poemata nunc (hoc est, oleum adde camino) Quae siquis sanus fecit, sanus facis et tu. Non dico horrendam rabiem. If Jam desine. ^T Cultum Majorem censu. 1f Teneas, Damasippe, tuis te. If Millepuellarum, puerorum mille furores. 325 If O major tandem parcas, insane, minori. SATIRA IV Unde, et quo Catius ? If Non est mihi tempus aventi Ponere signa novis prseceptis, qualia vincunt Pythagoran, Anytique reum, doctumque Platona. If Peccatum fateor, cum te sic tempore laevo 48 Q. HORATII FLACCI Interpellarim : sed des veniam bonus, oro. 5 Quod si intercicierit tibi nunc aliquid, repetes mox ; Sive est naturae hoc, sive artis, mirus utroque. IT Quin id erat curae, quo pacto cuncta tenerem ; Utpote res tenues, tenui sermon e peractas. 1[Ede hominis nomen ; simul et, Romanus an bospes. 10 IT Ipsa memor praecepta canam ; celabitur auctor* Longa quibus facies ovis erit, ilia memento, Ut succi melioris, et ut magis alma rotundis Ponere : namque marem cohibent callosa vitellum. Cole suburbano, qui siccis crevit in agris 15 Dulcior ; irriguo nihil est elutius horto. Si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes, Ne gallina malum responset dura palato, Doctus eris vivam misto mersare Falerno ; Hoc teneram faciet. Pratensibus optima fungis 20 Natura est : aliis male creditur. Ille salubres ^Estates peraget, qui nigris prandia moris Finiet, ante gravem quae legerit arbore solem. Aufidius forti miscebat mella Falerno, Mendose ; quoniam vacuis committere venis 25 Nil nisi lene decet : leni prascordia mulso Prolueris melius. Si dura morabitur alvus$ Mytilus et viles pellent obstantia conchae> Et lapathi brevis herba, sed albo non sine Coo* Lubrica nascentes implent conchylia lunae. 30 Sed non omne mare est generosae fertile testae. Murice Bajano melior Lucrina peloris : Ostrea Circeiis, Miseno oriuntur echini ; Pectinibus patulis jactat se molle Tarentum. Nee sibi ccenarum qui vis temere arroget artem, 35 Non prius exacta tenui ratione saporum. Nee satis est cara pisces averrere mensa, Ignarum quibus est jus aptius, et quibus assis Languidus in cubitum jam se conviva reponet. Umber et iligna nutritus glande rotundas 40 SERMONOM LIB. IT. 4. 49 Curvet aper lances carnem vitantis inertem : Nam Laurens malus est, ulvis et arundine pinguis. Vinca summittit caprcas non semper cdules. Fecundae leporis sapiens sectabitur armos. Piscibus atque avibus quae natura et foret aetas, 45 Ante meum nulli patuit quaesita palatum. Sunt quorum ingenium nova tan turn crustula promit. Nequaquam satis in re una consumere curam : Ut siquis solum hoc, mala ne sint vina, laboret, Quali perfundat pisces, securus, olivo, 50 Massica si coelo supponas vina sereno, Nocturna, si quid crassi est, tenuabitur aura, Et decedet odor nervis inimicus ; at ilia Integrum perdunt lino vitiata saporem. Surrentina vafer qui miscet faece Falerna 55 Vina, columbino limum bene colligit ovo ; Quatenus ima petit volvens aliena vitellus. Tostis marcentem squillis recreabis et Afra Potorem cochlea; nam lactuca innatat acri Post vinum stomacho : perna magis ac magis hillis 60 Flagitat in morsus refici ; quin omnia malit Quaecunque immundis fervent illata popinis. Est operae pretium duplicis pernoscere juris Naturam : simplex e dulci constat olivo, Quod pingui miscere mero muriaque decebit, 65 Non alia quam qua Byzantia putuit orca. Hoc ubi confusum sectis inferbuit herbis, Corycioque croco sparsum stetit, in super addes Pressa Venafranae quod bacca remisit olivae. Picenis cedunt pomis Tiburtia succo ; 7^ Nam facie prsestant. Venucula convenit ollis, Rectius Albanam fumo duraveris uvam : Hanc ego cum malis, ego faecem primus et halec, Primus et invenior piper album, cum sale nigro Incretum, puris circumposuisse catillis. *J5 Immane est vitium, dare millia terna macello, 50 Q. HORATII FLACCI Angustoque vagos pisces urguere catino. Magna movet stomach o fastidia, seu puer unctis Tractavit calicem manibus, dum furta ligurrit ; Sive gravis veteri craterae limus adhaesit. 80 Vilibus in scopis, in mappis, in scobe, quantus Consistit sumtus ? neglectis, flagitium ingens. Ten 1 lapides varios lutulenta radere palma, Et Tyrias dare circum illota toralia vestes ? Oblitum, quanto curam sumtumque minorem 85 Hsec habeant, tanto reprendi justius illis, Quae nisi divitibus nequeant contingere mensis. 5[Docte Cati, per amicitiam divosque rogatus, Ducere me auditum, perges quocunque, memento. Nam quamvis referas memori mihi pectore cuncta, 90 Non tarn en interpres tantundem juveris ; adde Vultum habitumque hominis ; quern tu vidisse beatus, Non magni pendis, quia contigit : at mihi cura Non mediocris inest, fontes ut adire remotos, Atque haurire queam vitae praecepta beatae. 95 SATIRA V. Hoc quoque, Tiresia, praeter narrata petenti Responde : quibus amissas reparare queam res Artibus atque modis. Quid rides? H Jamne doloso Non satis est Ithacam revehi, patriosque penates Aspicere ? % O nulli quidquam mentite, vides ut 5 Nudus inopsque domum redeam, te vate, neque illic Aut apotheca procis intacta est, aut pecus : atqui Et genus, et virtus, nisi cum re, vilior alga est. 11 Quando pauperiem, missis ambagibus, horres, Accipe, qua ratione queas ditescere. Turdus 10 Sive aliud privum dabitur tibi, devolet illuc, Res ubi magna nitet, domino sene ; dulcia pom a, Et quoscunque feret cultus tibi fundus honores, SERMONUM LIB. I Ante Larem gustet venerabilior Lara dives ; Qui quamvis perjurus erit, sine gente, cruentus 15 Sanguine fraterno, fugitivus ; ne tamen illi Tu comes exterior, si postulet, ire recuses. H Utne tegam spurco Damae latus ? haud ita Trojae Me gessi, certans semper melioribus. H Ergo Pauper eris. % Fortem hoc animum tolerare jubebo : 20 Et quondam majora tuli. Tu protinus, unde Divitias aerisque ruam, die Augur, acervos. H Dixi equidem, et dico. Captes astutus ubique Testamenta senum : neu si vafer unus et alter Insidiatorem praeroso fugerit hamo, 25 Aut spem deponas, aut artem illusus omittas. Magna minor ve foro si res certabitur ohm, Vivet uter locuples sine natis, improbus ultro Qui meliorem audax vocet in jus, illius esto Defensor : fama civem causaque priorem 30 Sperne, domi si natus erit fecundave conjux. Quinte, puta, aut Publi (gaudent praenomine molles Auriculae) tibi me virtus tua fecit amicum : Jus anceps novi, causas defendere possum : Eripiet quivis oculos citius mihi, quam te 35 Contemtum quassa nuce pauperet : haec mea cura est, Ne quid tu perdas, neu sis jocus : ire domum atque Pelliculam curare jube : fi cognitor ipse. Persta, atque obdura, seu rubra canicula findet Infantes statuas ; seu pingui tentus omaso 40 Furius hibernas cana nive conspuet Alpes. Nonne vides (aliquis cubito stantem prope tangens Inquiet) ut patiens ! ut amicis aptus ! ut acer ! Plures annabunt thunni, et cetaria crescent. Si cui praeterea validus male Alius in re 45 Praeclara sublatus aletur ; ne manifestum Ccelibis obsequium nudet te, leniter in spem Adrepe officiosus, ut et scribare secundus Haeres, et siquis casus puerum egerit Oreo, e 2 52 Q. HOKATTT FLACCI In vacuum venias : perraro haec alea fallit. 50 Qui testamentum tradet tibi cumque legend um, Abnuere, et tabulas a te removere memento : Sic tamen ut limis rapias quid prima secundo Cera velit versu ; solus, multisne cohaeres, Veloci percurre oculo. Plerumque recoctus 55 Scriba ex quinqueviro corvum deludet hiantem, Captatorque dabit risus Nasica Corano. IF Num furis ? an prudens ludis me, obscura canendo ? IF O Laertiade, quicquid dicam, aut erit, aut non: Divinare etenim magnus mihi donat Apollo. 60 IF Quid tamen ista velit sibi fabula, si licet, ede. IF Tempore quo juvenis Partbis horrendus, ab alto Demissum genus iEnea, tellure marique Magnus erit, forti nubet procera Corano Filia Nasicae, metuentis reddere soldum. 65 Turn gener hoc faciet ; tabulas socero dabit, atque Ut legat orabit : multum Nasica negatas Accipiet tandem, et tacitus leget; invenietque Nil sibi legatum, praeter plorare, suisque. Illud ad haec jubeo ; mulier si forte dolosa 7^ Libertusve senem delirum temperet, illis Accedas socius : laudes, lauderis ut absens : Adjuvat hoc quoque ; sed vincit longe prius ipsum Expugnare caput : scribet mala carmina vecors ? Laudato : scortator erit ? cave te roget : ultro ^J5 Penelopen facilis potiori trade. IF Putasne, Perduci poterit tarn frugi tamque pudica, Quam nequiere proci recto depellere cursu ? *JF Venit enim magnum donandi parca juventus, Nee tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae ; 80 Sic tibi Penelope frugi est : quae si semel uno De sene gustarit tecum partita lucellum, Ut canis, a corio nunquam absterrebitur uncto. Me sene, quod dicam, factum est ; anus improba Thebis Ex testamento sic est elata ; cadaver 85 SEKMOXUM LIB. II. 6. 58 Unctum oleo largo nudis lmmeris tulit haeres; Scilicet clabi si posset mortua : credo, Quod nimium institerat viventi. Cautus adito : Neu desis operae, neve immoderatus abundes. Difficilem et morosum offendet garrulus : ultro 90 Non etiam sileas. Davus sis comicus, atquc Stes capite obstipo, multum similis metuenti. Obsequio grassare: mone, si increbruit aura, Cautus uti velet carum caput : extrahe turba, Oppositis humeris : aurem substringe loquaci. 95 Importunus amat laudari ? donee Ohe ! jam Ad ccelum manibus sublatis, dixerit, urgue ; et Crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus utrem. Cum te servitio longo curaque levarit ; Et certum vigilans, Quartae esto partis Ulysses, 100 Audieris, haeres : Ergo nunc Dama sodalis Nusquam est ? unde mihi tarn fortem, tamque fidelem ? Sparge subinde : et, si paulum potes, illacrymare. Est Gaudia prodentem vultum celare. Sepulcrum Permissum arbitrio, sine sordibus exstrue : funus 105 Egregie factum laudet vicinia. Siquis Forte cohaeredum senior male tussiet, huic tu Die, ex parte tua, seu fundi sive domus sit Emtor, gaudentem nummo te addicere. Sed me Imperiosa trahit Proserpina: vive valeque. 110 SATIRA VI. Hoc erat in votis ; modus agri non ita magnus, Hortus ubi, et tecto vicinus jugis aquae fons Et paulum silvae super his foret : auctius atque DI melius fecere : bene est : nil amplius oro, Maia nate, nisi ut propria haec mihi munera faxis, Si neque majorem feci rationc mala rem, 54 Q. HOIIATII FLACCI Nec sum facturus vitio culpave minorem ; Si veneror stultus nihil horum ; O si angulus ille Proximus accedat, qui nunc denormat agellum ! O si urnam argenti fors quae mihi monstret ! ut illi, 10 Thesauro invento qui mercenarius agrum Ilium ipsum mercatus aravit, dives amico Hercule. Si, quod adest, gratum juvat ; hac prece te oro, Pingue pecus domino facias, et caetera, praeter Ingenium : utque soles, custos mihi maximus adsis. 15 Ergo ubi me in montes et in arcem ex urbe removi, (Quid prius illustrem Satiris Musaque pedestri?) Nec mala me ambitio perdit, nec plumbeus Auster, Autumnusque gravis, Libitinae quaestus acerbae. Matutine pater, seu Jane libentius audis, 20 Unde homines operum primos vitaeque labores Instituunt (sic Diis placitum) tu carminis esto Principium. Romae sponsorem me rapis. H Eja, Ne prior officio quisquam respondeat, urgue : Sive Aquilo radit terras, seu brum a nival em 25 Interiore diem gyro trahit, ire necesse est. IT Postmodo, quod mi obsit, clare certumque locuto, Luctandum in turba ; facienda injuria tardis. If Quid vis insane ? et quas res agis ? improbus urguet Iratis precibus ; tu pulses omne quod obstat, 30 Ad Maecenatem memori si mente recurras ? % Hoc juvat, et melli est, non mentiar. At simul atras Ventum est Esquilias, aliena negotia centum Per caput et circa saliunt latus. Ante secundam Roscius orabat sibi adesses ad Puteal eras. 35 De re com muni scribae magna atque nova te Orabant hodie meminisses, Quinte, reverti. Imprimat his cura Maecenas signa tabellis. Dixeris, Experiar: Si vis, potes, addit, et instat, Septimus octavo propior jam fugerit annus, 40 Ex quo Maecenas me ccepit habere suorum In numero, duntaxat ad hoc, quern tollere rheda SEKMONUM LIB. II. 6. 55 Vellet, iter faciens, et cui concredere nugas Hoc genus ; Hora quota est ? Threx est G allina Sy ro par ? Matutina parum cautos jam frigora mordent : 45 Et quae rimosa bene deponuntur in aure. Per totum hoc tempus subjectior in diem et horam Invidiae. Noster ludos spectaverat una ; Luserat in Campo; Fortunae filius; omnes. Frigidus a Rostris manat per compita rumor: 50 Quicunque obvius est, me consulit ; IT O bone (nam te Scire, Deos quoniam propius contingis, oportet) Num quid de Dacis audisti ? If Nil equidem. ^[ Ut tu Semper eris derisor ! ^[ At omnes DI exagitent me, Si quicquam. IT Quid? militibus promissa Triquetra 55 Praedia Caesar ; an est Itala tellure daturus ? Jurantem me scire nihil mirantur ut unum Scilicet egregii mortalem altique silenti. Perditur haec inter misero lux, non sine votis : O rus quando ego te aspiciam ? quandoque licebit, 60 Nunc veterum libris, nunc somno et inertibus horis Ducere solicitae jucunda oblivia vitae ? O quando faba Pythagorae cognata, simulque Uncta satis pingui ponentur oluscula lardo ? O noctes coenaeque deum ! quibus ipse meique, 65 Ante larem proprium vescor, vernasque procaces Pasco libatis dapibus. Prout cuique libido est, Siccat inaequales calices conviva solutus Legibus insanis ; seu quis capit acria fortis Pocula, seu modicis uvescit laetius. Ergo 7^ Sermo oritur non de villis domibusve alienis. Nee, male necne Lepos saltet ; sed quod magis ad nos Pertinet, et nescire malum est, agitanuis : utrumne Divitiis homines, an sint virtute beati ; Quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne trahat nos ; *]£> Et quae sit natura boni ; summumque quid ejus. Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas. Siquis nam laudat Arelli m Q. HOltATH FLACCI Solicitas ignarus opes, sic incipit. % Olim llusticus urbanum murem mus paupere fertur 80 Acccpisse cavo, veterem vetus hospes amicum ; Asper, et attcntus qua3sitis, ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum. Quid multa? nequc illc Sepositi ciceris, nee longae invidit avenae : Aridum et ore ferens acinum, semesaque lardi 85 Frusta dedit, cupiens varia fastidia coena Vincere tangentis male singula dente superbor Cum pater ipse domus palea porrectus in horna Esset ador loliumque, dapis meiiora relinquens. Tandem urbanus ad hunc, Quid te juvat, inquit, amice, 90 Praerupti nemoris patientem vivere dorso ? Vis tu homines urbemque feris prseponere silvis? Carpe viam (mihi crede) comes, terrestria quando Mortales animas vivunt sortita, neque ulla est Aut magno aut parvo leti fuga : quo, bone, circa, 95 Dum licet, in rebus jucundis vive beatus: Vive memor quam sis aevi brevis. Haec ubi dicta Agrestem pepulere, domo levis exsilit: inde Ambo propositum peragunt iter, urbis aventes Mcenia nocturni subrepere. Jamque tenebat 100 Nox medium cceli spatium, cum ponit uterque In locuplete domo vestigia ; rubro ubi cocco Tincta super lectos canderet vestis eburnos, Multaque de magna superessent fercula coena, Quae procul exstructis inerant hesterna canistris. 105 Ergo ubi purpurea porrectum in veste locavit Agrestem, veluti succinctus cursitat hospes, Continuatque dapes ; nee non vernaliter ipsis Fungitur officiis, praelambens omne quod affert. Ille Cubans gaudet mutata sorte, bonisque 110 Rebus agit laetum convivam ; cum subito ingens Valvarum strepitus lectis excussit utrumque. Currere per totum pavidi conclave ; magisque Exanimes trepidare, simul domus alta Molossis SERMONUM LIB. II. 7- &7 l\rsonuit canibus. Turn rustieus, Haud mihi vita 115 Est opus hac, ait, et valcas : me silva cavusquc Tutus ab insidiis tenui solabitur ervo. SATIRA VII. Jamduoum ausculto ; et cupiens tibi dicere servus Pauca, rcformido. ^[ Davusne? If Ita, Davus, ami cum Mancipium domino, et frugi quod sit satis ; hoc est, Ut vitale putes. % Age, libertate Decembri (Quando ita majores voluerunt) utere ; narra. 5 H Pars hominum vitiis gaudet constanter, et urguet Propositum ; pars multa natat, modo recta capessens, Interdum pravis obnoxia: saepe notatus Cum tribus anellis, modo laeva Priscus inani, Vixit inaequalis, clavum ut mutaret in horas, 10 JEdibus ex magnis subito se conderet, unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste. Jam mcechus Romae, jam mallet doctor Athenis Vivere, Vertumnis, quotquot sunt, natus iniquis. Scurra Volanerius, postquam illi justa cheragra 15 Contudit articulos, qui pro se tolleret atque Mitteret in phimum talos, mercede diurna Conductum pavit : quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tan to levius miser ac prior illo Qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat. 20 Non dices hodie, quorsum haec tarn putida tendant, Furcifer ? Ad te, inquam. Quo pacto, pessime ? Laudas Fortunam et mores antiquas plebis ; et idem, Siquis ad ilia Deus subito te agat, usque recuses ; Aut quia non sentis quod clamas rectius esse, 25 Aut quia non firmus rectum defendis, et haeres, Nequicquam coeno cupiens evellere plantain. Romae rus optas, absentem rusticus urbem 58 Q. HUliATII FLACCI Tollis ad astra levis. Si nusquam es forte vocatus Ad ccenam, laudas securum olus : ac, velut usquam 30 Vinctus eas, ita te felicem dicis, amasque, Quod nusquam tibi sit potandum. Jusserit ad se Maecenas serum sub lumina prima venire Convivam ; Nemon' oleum fert ocius? ecquis Audit ? cum magno blateras clam ore, furisque. 35 Milvius et scurrae tibi non referenda precati Discedunt. Etenim fateor me, dixerit ille, Duci ventre levem ; nasum nidore supinor ; Imbecillus, iners, siquid vis, adde, popino. Tu, cum sis quod ego, et fortassis nequior, ultro 40 Insectere, velut melior ? verbisque decoris Obvolvas vitium ? quid si me stultior ipso Quingentis emto drachmis deprenderis ? aufer Me vultu terrere ; manum stomachumque teneto, Dum, quae Crispini docuit me janitor, edo. 45 Te conjux aliena capit, meretricula Davum : Peccat uter nostrum cruce dignius ? acris ubi me Natura incendit, sub clara nuda lucerna Quaecunque excepit turgentis verbera caudae Clunibus, aut agitavit equum lasciva supinum, 50 Dimittit neque famosum, neque solicitum, ne Ditior, aut formae melioris meiat eodem. Tu, cum projectis insignibus, annulo equestri Romanoque habitu, prodis ex judice Dama Turpis, odoratum caput obscurante lacerna, 55 Non es quod simulas ? metuens induceris, atque Altercante libidinibus tremis ossa pavore. Quid refert, uri virgis, ferroque necari Auctoratus eas ; an turpi clausus in area, Quo te demisit peccati conscia herilis 60 Contractum, genibus tangas caput ? Estne marito Matronae peccantis in ambo justa potestas ? In corruptorem vel justior : ilia tamen se Non habitu mutatve loco, peccatve superne, SERMONUM LIB. I. 7- 59 Cum te formidet mulier, neque credat amanti. 65 Ibis sub furcam prudens, dominoque furenti Committes rem omnem, et vitam, et cum corpore famam. Evasti? metues, credo, doctusque cavebis : Quaeres quando iterum paveas, iterumque perire Possis. O toties servus ! quae belua ruptis, ^JO Cum semel effugit, reddit se prava catenis ? Non sum mcechus, ait : neque ego, hercule, fur, ubi vasa Praetereo sapiens argentea : tolle periclum, Jam vaga prosiliet fraenis natura remotis. Tune mihi dominus, rerum imperils hominumque ^5 Tot tantisque minor ? quern ter vindicta quaterque Imposita haud unquam misera formidine privet. Adde super, dictis quod non levius valeat ; nam Sive vicarius est, qui servo paret, uti mos Vester ait ; seu conservus : tibi quid sum ego ? nempe 80 Tu, mihi qui imperitas, aliis servis miser, atque Duceris ut nervis alienis mobile lignum. Quisnam igitur liber ? Sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus : Quern neque pauperies, neque mors, neque vincula terrent ; Responsare cupidinibus, contemnere honores 85 Fortis ; et in seipso totus teres atque rotundus, Externi nequid valeat per leve morari ; In quem manca ruit semper fortuna. Potesne Ex his ut proprium quid noscere ? Quinque talenta Poscit te mulier, vexat, foribusque repulsum 90 Perfundit gelida : rursus vocat : eripe turpi Colla jugo : liber, liber sum, die age : non quis ; Urguet enim dominus mentem non lenis, et acres Subjectat lasso stimulos, versatque negantem. Vel cum Pausiaca torpes, insane, tabella, 95 Qui peccas minus atque ego, cum Fulvi Rutubaeque, Aut Placideiani contento poplite miror Prcelia, rubrica picta aut carbone ; velut si Re vera pugnent, feriant, vitentque moventes Arma viri ? Nequam et cessator Davus ; at ipse 1 00 60 Q. HORATII FLACCI Subtilis veterum judex et callidus audis. Nil ego, si ducor libo fumante ; tibi ingens Virtus atque animus coenis responsat opimis ? Obsequium ventris mihi perniciosius est : cur ? Tergo plector enim ; qui tu impunitior ilia, 105 Quae parvo sumi nequeunt, opsonia captas ? Nempe inamarescunt epulae sine fine petitse, Illusique pedes vitiosum ferre recusant Corpus. An hie peccat, sub noctem qui puer uvam Furtiva mutat strigili ? qui praedia vendit, 110 Nil servile, gulae parens, habet ? Adde, quod idem Non horam tecum esse potes, non otia recte Ponere; teque ipsum vitas, fugitivus ut erro, Jam vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curam : Frustra : nam comes atra premit sequiturque fugacem. 115 % Unde mihi lapidem?H Quorsum est opus ?HUnde sagittas? HAut insanit homo, aut versus facit. H Ocius hinc te Ni rapis, accedes opera agro nona Sabino. SATIRA VIII. Ut Nasidieni juvit te ccena beati ? Nam mihi quaerenti convivam, dictus here illic De medio potare die. H Sic, ut mihi nunquam In vita fuerit melius. H Da, si grave non est, Quae prima iratum ventrem placaverit esca. 5 In primis Lucanus aper : leni fuit Austro Captus, ut aiebat ccenae pater ; acria circum Rapula, lactucae, radices, qualia lassum Pervellunt stomachum ; siser, halec, faecula Coa. His ubi sublatis puer alte cinctus acernam 10 Gausape purpureo mensam pertersit, et alter Sublegit quodcunque jaceret inutile, quodque Posset ccenantes oflenderc : ut Attica virgo SERMONUM I.TB. IT. 8. Gl Cum sacris Ccrcris, procedit fuscus Hydaspes, Csecuba vina ferens ; Alcon, Chium, maris expers. 15 Hie hems ; Albanum, Maecenas, sive Falemum Te magis appositis delectat, habemus utrumque. H Divitias miseras ! Sed queis ccenantibus una, Fundani, pulchre fuerit tibi, nosse laboro. H Summus ego, et prope me Viscus Thurinus, et infra, 20 Si memini, Yarius ; cum Servilio Balatrone Vibidius, quos Maecenas adduxerat umbras. Nomentanus erat super ipsum, Porcius infra, Ridiculus totas simul obsorbere placentas : Nomentanus ad hoc, qui siquid forte lateret, 25 Indice monstraret digito : nam caetera turba, Nos, inquam, ccenamus aves, conchylia, pisces, Longe dissimilem noto celantia succum ; Ut vel continuo patuit, cum passeris atque Ingustata mihi porrexerat ilia rhombi. 30 Post hoc me docuit melimela rubere minorem Ad lunam delecta: quid hoc intersit, ab ipso Audieris melius. Turn Vibidius Balatroni ; Nos nisi damnose bibimus, moriemur inulti : Et calices poscit majores : vertere pallor 35 Turn parochi faciem, nil sic metuentis ut acres Potores; vel quod maledicunt liberius, vel Fervida quod subtile exsurdant vina palatum. Invertunt Alliphanis vinaria tota Vibidius Balatroque, secutis omnibus : imi 40 Convivas lecti nihilum nocuere lagenis. AfFertur squillas inter muraena natantes In patina porrecta. Sub hoc herus, Haec gravida, inquit, Capta est, deterior post partum carne futura. His mistum jus est, oleo, quod prima Venafri 45 Pressit cella ; garo de succis piscis Iberi ; Vino quinquenni, verum citra mare nato, Dum coquitur (cocto Chium sic convenit, ut non Hoc magis ullum aliud) ; pipere albo, non sine aceto, 02 Q. HOUATII FLACCI Quod Methymnaeam vitio mutaverit uvam. 50 Erucas virides, inulas ego primus amaras Monstravi incoquere, (inlutos Curtillus echinos,) Ut melius, muria, quam testa marina remittit. Interea suspensa graves aulaea ruinas In patinam fecere, trahentia pulveris atri 55 Quantum non Aquilo Campanis excitat agris. Nos majus veriti, postquam nihil esse pericli Sensimus, erigimur. Rufus, posito capite, ut si Filius immaturus obisset, flere. Quis esset Finis, ni sapiens sic Nomentanus amicum 60 Tolleret ; Heu Fortuna ! quis est crudelior in nos Te Deus ? ut semper gaudes illudere rebus Humanis ! Varius mappa compescere risum Vix poterat. Balatro suspendens omnia naso, Haec est conditio vivendi, aiebat ; eoque 65 Responsura tuo nunquam est par fama labori. Tene, ut ego accipiar laute, torquerier omni Solicitudine districtum ? ne panis adustus^ Ne male conditum jus apponatur ? ut omnes Praecincti recte pueri comptique ministrent ? 7^ Adde hos praeterea casus ; aulaea ruant si, Ut modo ; si patinam pede lapsus frangat agaso. Sed convivatoris, uti ducis, ingenium res Adversae nudare solent, celare secundas. Nasidienus ad haec ; Tibi Dii, quaecunque preceris, *J5 Commoda dent ; ita vir bonus es, convivaque comis : Et soleas poscit : turn in lecto quoque videres Stridere secreta divisos aure susurros. H Nullos his mallem ludos spectasse : sed ilia Redde, age, quae deinceps risisti. 1[ Vibidius dum 80 Quaerit de pueris, num sit quoque fracta lagena, Quod sibi poscenti non dentur pocula ; dumque Ridetur fictis rerum, Balatrone secundo ; Nasidiene, redis mutatae frontis, ut arte Emendaturus fortunam : deinde secuti 85 SERMONUM LIB. II. 8. 63 Mazonomo puei magno discerpta ferentes Membra gruis, sparsi sale multo non sine farre ; Pinguibus et ficis pastum jecur anseris albi ; Et leporum avulsos, ut multo suavius, armos, Quam si cum lumbis quis edit : turn pectore adusto 90 Vidimus et merulas poni, et sine clune palumbes ; Suaves res, si non causas narraret earum et Naturas dominus; quern nos sic fugimus ulti, Ut nihil omnino gustaremus, velut illis Canidia afflasset, pejor serpen tibus Afris. 95 Q. HORATII FLACCr EPODON LIBER. I. (metrum I.) AD MiECENATEM. Ibis Liburnis inter alta navium, Amice, propugnacula, Paratus omne Caesaris periculum Subire, Maecenas, tuo ? Quid nos, quibus te vita si superstite 5 Jucunda ; si contra, gravis ? Utrumne jussi persequemur otium, Non dulce, ni tecum simul ? Anhunc laborem mente laturi, decet Qua ferre non molles viros? 10 Feremus ; et te vel per Alpium juga, Inhospitalem et Caucasum, Vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum, Forti sequemur pectore. Roges, tuum labore quidjuvem meo, 15 Imbellis ac firmus parum ? Comes minore sum futurus in metu, Qui major absentes habet. Ut assidens implumibus pullis avis Serpen tium adlapsus timet, 20 Magis relictis ; non, ut adsit, auxili Latura plus praesentibus. Libenter hoc et omne militabitur Bellum in tuse spem gratiae ; Non ut juvencis illigata pluribus 25 Aratra nitantur meis, EPODON LIBElt. 65 Pecusve Calabris ante sidus fervidum Lucana mutet pascua, Nee ut superni villa candens Tusculi Circaea tangat mcenia : 30 Satis superque me benignitas tua Ditavit: haud paravero Quod aut avarus, ut Chremes, terra premam, Discinctus aut perdam ut nepos. II. (m. i.) VIT.E RUSTICS LAUDES. Beatus ille, qui procul negotiis (Ut prisca gens mortalium) Paterna rura bubus exercet suis, Solutus omni fcenore. Neque excitatur classico miles truci, 5 Neque horret iratum mare; Forumque vitat et superba civium Potentiorum limina. Ergo aut adulta vitium propagine Altas maritat populos, 10 Inutilesque falce ramos amputans, Feliciores inserit ; Aut in reducta valle mugientium Prospectat errantes greges ; Aut pressa puris mella condit amphoris ; 15 Aut tondet infirmas oves ; Vel 9 cum decorum mitibus pomis caput Autumnus arvis extulit, Ut gaudet insitiva decerpens pyra, Certantem et uvam purpurae, 20 Qua muneretur te Priape, et te pater 66 Q. HOEATII FLACCI Sylvane, tutor finium ! Libet jacere modo sub antiqua ilice, Modo in tenaci gramine. Labuntur altis interim ripis aquae; 25 Queruntur in sylvis aves ; Fontesque lymphis obstrepunt manantibus, Somnos quod invitet leves. At cum tonantis annus hibernus Jovis Imbres nivesque comparat, 30 Aut trudit acres hinc et hinc multa cane Apros in obstantes plagas ; Aut amite levi rara tendit retia, Turdis edacibus dolos ; Pavidumque leporem, et advenam laqueo gruem, 35 Jucunda captat praemia. Quis non malarum, quas amor curas habet, Haec inter obliviscitur ? Quod si pudica mulier in partem juvet Domum atque dulces liberos, 40 (Sabina qualis, aut perusta solibus Pernicis uxor Appuli,) Sacram vetustis exstruat lignis focum Lassi sub adventum viri : Claudensque textis cratibus laetum pecus, 45 Distenta siccet ubera ; Et horna dulci vina promens dolio, Dapes inemtas apparet ; — Non me Lucrina juverint conchylia, Magisve rhombus, aut scari, 50 Si quos Eois intonata fluctibus Hiems ad hoc vertat mare : Non Afra avis descendat in ventrem meum 3 Non attagen lonicus Jucundior, quam lecta de pinguissimis 55 Oliva ramis arborum, Aut herba lapathi prata amantis, et gravi EPODON LIBER. 67 Malvae salubres corpori, Vel agna festis cassa Terminalibus, Vel haedus ereptus lupo. 60 Has inter epulas, ut juvat pastas oves Videre properantes domum ! Videre fessos vomerem inversum boves Collo trahentes languido, Positosque vernas, ditis examen domus, 65 Circum renidentes Lares ! Haec ubi locutus foenerator Alfius, Jamjam futurus rusticus, Omnem redegit Idibus pecuniam ; Quaerit Calendis ponere. III. (m. i.) AD M.ECENATEM. Parentis olim siquisimpia manu Senile guttur fregerit, Edit cicutis alium nocentius. O dura messorum ilia ! Quid hoc veneni saevit in praecordiis? 5 Num viperinus his cruor Incoctus herbis me fefellit ? an malas Canidia tractavit dapes ? Ut Argonautas praeter omnes candidum Medea mirata est ducem, 10 Ignota tauris illigaturum juga Perunxit hoc Iasonem : Hoc delibutis ulta donis pellicem, Serpente fugit alite. Nee tantus unquam siderum insedit vapor 15 Siticulosae Appuliae ; f 2 68 Q. HOItATlI FLACCI Nee munus humeris efficacis Herculis Tnarsit sestuosius. At, siquid unquam tale concupiveris, Jocose Maecenas, precor 20 Manum puella savio opponat tuo, Extrema et in sponda cubet. IV. (m. i.) AD M.ENAM, POMPEII LIBEItTUM. Lupis et agnis quanta sortito obtigit, Tecum mihi discordia est, Ibericis peruste funibus latus, Et crura dura compede. Licet superbus ambules pecunia, 5 Fortuna non mutat genus. Videsne, sacram metiente te viam Cum bis ter ulnarum toga. Ut ora vertat hue et hue euntium Liberrima indignatio ? 10 Sectus flagellis hie Triumviralibus, Prseconis ad fastidium, Arat Falerni mille fundi jugera, Et Appiam mannis terit ; Sedilibusque magnus in primis eques, 15 Othone contempto, sedet. Quid attinet tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere Contra latrones atque servilem manum, Hoc, hoc tribuno militum ? 20 E POD OX LIBER. (JO V. (m. i.) IN CANIDIAM VENEFICAM. At, O deorum quicquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus ! Quid iste fert tumultus ? et quid omnium Vultus in unum me truces ? Per liberos te, si vocata partubus 5 Lucina veris afruit, Per hoc inane purpurae decus precor, Per improbaturum haec Jovem, Quid ut noverca me intueris, aut uti Petita ferro belua ? 10 Ut haec tremente questus ore constitit Insignibus raptis puer, Impube corpus, quale posset impia Mollire Thracum pectora; Canidia brevibus implicata viperis 15 Crines et incomtum caput, Jubet sepulchris caprificos erutas, Jubet cupressus funebres, Et uncta turpis ova ranae sanguine, Plumamque nocturnae strigis, 20 Herbasque quas Iolcos atque Iberia Mittit, venenorum ferax, Et ossa ab ore rapta jejunae canis, Flammis aduri Colchicis. At expedita Sagana, per totam domum 25 Spargens Avernales aquas, Horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus, aut currens aper. Abacta nulla Veia conscientia, Ligonibus duris humum BO Exhauriebat, ingemens laborious ; 70 a. HORATII FLACCI Quo posset infossus puer Longo die bis terque mutatae dapis Inemori spectaculo, Cum promineret ore, quantum exstant aqua 35 Suspensa mento corpora ; Exusta uti medulla, et aridum jecur Amoris esset poculum, Interminato cum semel fixas cibo Intabuissent pupulse. 40 Non defuisse masculae libidinis Ariminensem Foliam, Et otiosa credidit Neapolis, Et omne vicinum oppidum : Quae sidera excantata voce Thessala, 45 Lunamque caelo deripit. Hie irresectum saeva dente livido Canidia rodens pollicem, Quid dixit ? aut quid tacuit ? O rebus meis Non infi deles arbitrae, 50 Nox, et Diana quae silentium regis, Arcana cum fiunt sacra ; Nunc nunc adeste : nunc in hostiles domos Iram atque numen vertite : Formidolosae dum latent silvis ferae, 55 Dulci sopore languidae ; Senem (quod omnes rideant) adulterum Latrent Suburanse canes, Nardo perunctum, quale non perfectius Meae laborarint manus. 60 Quid accidit ? cur dira barbarae minus Venena Medeae valent ? Quibus superbam fugit ulta pellicem, Magni Creontis filiam, Cum palla, tabo munus imbutum, novam 65 Incendio nuptam abstulit. Atqui nee herba nee latens in asperis EPODOX LIBF.R. J{ Radix fefellit me locis. Indormit unctis omnium cubilibus Oblivione pellicum. 7^ Ah ! ah ! solutus ambulat veneficae Scientioris carmine. Non usitatis Vare, potionibus (O multa fleturum caput!) Ad me recurres ; nee vocata mens tua 7^ Marsis redibit vocibus. Majus parabo, majus infundam tibi Fastidienti poculum. Priusque caelum sidet inferius mari, Tellure porrecta super, 80 Quam non amore sic meo flagres uti Bitumen atris ignibus. Sub hsec puer, jam non ut ante, mollibus L en ire verbis impias ; Sed dubius unde rumperet silentium, 85 Misit Thyesteas preces. Venena magnum fas nefasque, non valent Convertere humanam vicem. Diris agam vos : dira detestatio Nulla expiatur victima. 90 Quin, ubi perire jussus exspiravero, Nocturnus occurram Furor, Petamque vultus umbra curvis unguibus, (Quae vis Deorum est Manium ;) Et inquietis assidens praecordiis, 95 Pavore somnos auferam. Vos turba vicatim hinc et hinc saxis petens Contundet, obscenas anus ; Post, insepulta membra different lupi, Et Esquiliniae alites : 100 Neque hoc parentes (heu mihi superstites !) Effugerit spectaculum, 7^ $• HOKATII FLACCI VI. (m. t.) IN CASSIUM SEVERUM. Quid immerentes hospites vexas, canis, Ignavus adversum lupos ? Quin hue inanes, si potes, vertis minas, Et me remorsurum petis ? Nam, qualis aut Molossus, autfulvus Lacon, 5 (Arnica vis pastoribus,) Agam per altas aure sublata nives, Quaecunque praecedet fera. Tu cum timenda voce complesti nemus, Projectum odoraris cibum. 10 Cave, cave : namque in malos asperrimus Parata tollo cornua ; Qualis Lycambse spretus infido gener, Aut acer hostis Bupalo. An, siquis atro dente me petiverit, 15 Inultus ut flebo puer ? VII. (m. i.) AD POPULUM ROMANUM. Quo, quo scelesti ruitis? aut curdexteris Aptantur enses conditi ? Parumne campis atque Neptuno super Fusum est Latini sanguinis ? Non ut superbas invidas Carthaginis 5 Rom anus arces ureret ; Intactus aut Britannus ut descenderet Sacra catenatus via : Sed ut, secundum vota Parthorum, sua Urbs hoec periret dextera. 10 EPODON LIBER. 7^ Neque hie lupis mos, nee fuit leonibus, Nunquam nisi in dispar feris. Furorne caecus, an rapit vis acrior ? An culpa ? responsum date. Tacent ; et ora pallor albus inficit ; 15 Mentesque perculsae stupent. Sic est : acerba fata Romanos agunt, Scelusque fraternae necis ; Ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor. 20 VIII. (m. i.) IN ANUM LIBIDINOSAM. Rogare longo putidam te saeculo, Vires quid enervet meas ! Cum sit tibi dens ater, et rugis vetus Frontem senectus exaret ; Hietque turpis inter aridas nates 5 Podex, velut crudae bovis. Sed incitat me pectus, et mammae putres, Equina quales ubera ; Venterque mollis, et femur tumentibus Exile suris additum. 10 Esto beata : funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum ; Nee sit marita quae rotundioribus Onusta baccis ambulet. Quid? quod libelli Stoici inter Sericos 15 Jacere pulvillos amant ? Illiterati num minus nervi rigent ? Minusve languet fascinum ? Quod ut superbo provoces ab inguine, Ore adlaborandum est tibi. 20 74 Q. HORATII FLACCI IX. (m. i). AD M^CENATEM. Quando repostum Caecubum ad festas dapes, Victore laetus Caesare, Tecum sub alta (sic Jovi gratum) domo, Beate Maecenas, bibam, Sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyra, 5 Hac Dorium, illis Barbarum ? Ut nuper, actus cum freto Neptunius Dux fugit, ustis navibus, Minatus urbi vincla, quae detraxerat Servis amicus perfidis. 10 Romanus, eheu ! (posteri negabitis) Emancipatus fceminae, Fert vallum et arma miles, et spadonibus Servire rugosis potest ; Interque signa turpe militaria 15 Sol aspicit conopium. Ad hoc frementes verterunt bis mille equos Galli canentes Caesarem ; Hostiliumque navium portu latent Puppes sinistrorsum citae. 20 lo Triumphe, tu moraris aureos Currus, et intactas boves : lo triumphe, nee Jugurthino parem Bello reportasti ducem ; Neque Africano, cui super Carthaginem 25 Virtus sepulchrum condidit. Terra marique victus hostis, Punico Lugubre mutavit sagum; Aut ille centum nobilem Cretam urbibus, Ventis iturus non suis ; 30 Exercitatas aut petit Syrtes Noto ; KPODON LLBER. *}5 Aut fertur incerto mari. Capaciores affer hue, puer, scyphos, Et Chia vina, aut Lesbia ; Vel, quod fluentem nauseam coerceat, 35 Metire nobis Caecubum. Curam metumque Caesaris rerum juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere. X. (m. i.) IN MJEVIUM. Mala soluta navis exit alite, Ferens olentem Maevium. Ut horridis utrumque verberes latus, Auster, memento fluctibus; Niger rudentes Eurus, inverso mari, 5 Fractosque remos differat ; Insurgat Aquilo, quantus altis montibus Frangit trementes ilices ; Nee sidus atra nocte amicum appareat, Qua tristis Orion cadit : 10 Quietiore nee feratur aequore, Quam Graia victorum manus ; Cum Pallas usto vertit iram ab Ilio In impiam Ajacis ratem. O quantus instat navitis sudor tuis, 15 Tibique pallor luteus, Et ilia non virilis ejulatio, Preces et aversum ad Jovem ; Ionius udo cum remugiens sinus Noto carinam ruperit ! 20 Opima quod si praeda curvo littore Porrecta mergos juveris; Libidinosus immolabitur caper, Et agna Tempestatibus. 7^ Q. HORATII FLACCI XI. (metrum II.) AD PETTIUM. Petti, nihil me, sicut antea, juvat Scribere versiculos amore perculsum gravi ; Amore, qui me praeter omnes expetit Mollibus in pueris aut in puellis urere. Hie tertius December, ex quo destiti 5 Inachia furere, sylvis honorem decutit. Heu ! me, per urbem (nam pudet tanti mali) Fabula quanta fui ! conviviorum et pcenitet, In queis amantem et languor et silentium Arguit, et latere petitus imo spiritus. 10 Contrane lucrum nil valere candidum Pauperis ingenium ! querebar adplorans tibi ; Simul calentis inverecundus deus Fervidiora mero arcana promorat loco. Quod si meis inasstuat praecordiis 15 Libera bilis, ut hagc ingrata ventis dividat Fomenta, vulnus nil malum levantia; Desinet imparibus certare summotus pudor. Ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram, Jussus abire domum, ferebar incerto pede 20 Ad non amicos (heu !) mihi postes, et (heu !) Limina dura, quibus lumbos et infregi latus. Nunc, gloriantis quamlibet mulierculam Vincere mollitia, amor Lycisci me tenet ; Unde expedire non amicorum queant 25 Libera consilia, nee contumeliae graves ; Sed alius ardor aut puellse Candidas, Aut teretis pueri, longam renodantis com am. El'ODON LIBER. 77 XII. (mETRUM III.) Quid tibi vis, mulier nigris dignissima barris ? Munera cur mihi, quidve tabellas Mittis, nee flrmo juveni, neque naris obesae ? Namque sagacius unus odoror, Polypus, an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis, 5 Quam canis acer ubi lateat sus. Quis sudor vietis, et quam malus undique membris Crescit odor ! cum pene soluto Indoinitam properat rabiem sedare ; nee illi Jam manet humida creta, colorque 10 Stercore fucatus crocodili ; jamque subando Tenta cubilia tectaque rumpit ; Vel mea cum saevis agitat fastidia verbis ; Inachia langues minus, ac me : Inachiam ter nocte potes ; mihi semper ad unum 15 Mollis opus : pereat male quae te Lesbia, quaerenti taurum, monstravit inertem ; Cum mihi Cous adesset Amyntas, Cujus in indomito constantior inguine nervus, Quam nova collibus arbor inhasret. 20 Muricibus Tyriis iteratae vellera lanag Cui properabantur ? Tibi nempe : Ne foret aequales inter conviva, magis quern Diligeret mulier sua quam te. O ego infelix, quam tu fugis, ut pavet acres 25 Agna lupos, capreaeque leones. XIII. (metrum iv.) AD AM I CUM. Horrida tempestas caelum contraxit, et imbres Nivo.sque deducunt Jovem ; nunc mare, nunc siluae 78 Q. HOKATII FLACCI Threicio Aquilone sonant ; rapiamus, amice, Occasionem de die ; dumque virent genua, Et decet, obducta solvatur fronte senectus. 5 Tu vina Torquato move consule pressa meo. Caetera mitte loqui : Deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice. Nunc et Achaemenio Perfundi nardo juvat, et fide Cyllenea Levare diris pectora solicitudinibus : 10 Nobilis ut grandi cecinit Centaurus alumno ; Invicte, mortalis dea nate puer Thetide, Te manet Assaraci tellus, quam frigida parvi Findunt Scamandri flumina, lubricus et Simo'is ; Unde tibi reditum certo subtemine Parcae 15 Rupere ; nee mater domum ccerula te revehet. Illic omne malum vino cantuque levato, Deformis aegrimoniae dulcibus alloquiis. XIV. (metrum v.) AD M^ECENATEM. Mollis inertia cur tantam diffuderit imis Oblivionem sensibus, Pocula Letheos ut si ducentia somnos Arente fauce traxerim, Candide Maecenas, occidis saspe rogando : 5 Deus, Deus nam me vetat, Inceptos, olim promissum carmen, Iambos Ad umbilicum adducere. Non aliter Samio dicunt arsisse Bathyllo Anacreonta Teium ; 10 Qui persaepe cava testudine flevit amorem, Non elaboratum ad pedem. EPODON LIBEK. 79 Ureris ipse miser : quod si non pulchrior ignis Accendit obsessam Ilion, Gaude sorte tua ; me libertina, neque uno 15 Contenta, Phryne macerat. XV. (m. v.) AD NE^RAM. Nox erat, et coelo fulgebat luna sereno Inter minora sidera, Cum tu, magnorum numen laesura Deorum, In verba jurabas mea, Arctius atque hedera procera astringitur ilex 5 Lentis adhasrens brachiis ; Dum pecori lupus, et nautis infestus Orion Turbaret hibernum mare, Intonsosque agitaret Apollinis aura capillos, Fore hunc amorem mutuum. 10 O dolitura mea multum virtute Neaera : Nam siquid in Flacco viri est, Non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes, Et quaeret iratus parem ; Nee semel otfensae cedet constantia forma?, 15 Si certus intrarit dolor. At tu, quicunque es felicior, atque meo nunc Superbus incedis malo, Sis pecore et multa dives tellure licebit, Tibique Pactolus fluat, 20 Nee te Pythagorae fallant arcana renati, Formaque vincas Nirea ; Eheu ! translatos alio mcerebis amores : Ast ego vicissim risero. 80 Ci. HORATII FLACCI XYI. (METRUM VI.) AD POPULUM ROMANUM. Altera jam teritur bellis civilibus aetas, Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit. Quam neque finitimi valuerunt perdere Marsi, Minacis aut Etrusca Porsenae manus, ^Emula nee virtus Capuae, nee Spartacus acer, 5 Novisque rebus infidelis Allobrox ; Nee fera ccerulea domuit Germania pube, Parentibusque abominatus Annibal; — Impia perdemus devoti sanguinis aetas ; Ferisque rursus occupabitur solum. 10 Barbarus, heu ! cineres insistet victor, et urbem Eques sonante verberabit ungula ; Quaeque carent ventis et solibus, ossa Quirini (Nefas videre) dissipabit insolens. Forte, quid expediat, communiter, aut melior pars, 1 5 Malis carere quaeritis laboribus. Nulla sit hac potior sententia : Phocaeorum Velut profugit exsecrata ci vitas Agros atque Lares patrios, habitandaque fana Apris reliquit et rapacibuslupis; 20 Ire pedes quocunque ferent, quocunque per undas Notus vocabit, aut protervus Africus. Sic placet ? an melius quis habet suadere ? secunda Ratem occupare quid moramur alite ? Sed juremus in haec : Simul imis saxa renarint 25 Vadis levata, ne redire sit nefas, Neu conversa domum pigeat dare lintea, quando Padus Matina laverit cacumina, In mare seu celsus procurrerit Appenninus, Novaque monstra junxerit libidine 30 Mirus amor, juvet ut tigres subsidere cervis, Adulteretur et columba miluo, EPODON LIBER. 81 Credula nee ravos ti meant armenta leones, Ametque salsa levis hircus asquora. Haec, et quae poterunt reditus abscindere dulces, 35 Eamus omnis exsecrata civitas, Aut pars indocili melior grege ; mollis et exspes Inominata perprimat cubilia. Vos, quibus est virtus, muliebrem tollite luctum, Etrusca praeter et volate littora. 40 Nos manet oceanus circumvagus : arva, beata Petamus arva, divites et insulas ; Reddit ubi Cererem tellus inarata quotannis, Et imputata floret usque vinea, Germinat et nunquam-fallentis termes olivse, 45 Suamque pulla ficus ornat arborem, Mella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis Levis crepante lympha desilit pede. Illic injussae veniunt ad mulctra capellae, Refertque tenta grex amicus ubera ; 50 Nee vespertinus circumgemit ursus ovili, Nee intumescit alta viperis humus : Pluraque felices mirabimur ; ut neque largis Aquosus Eurus arva radat imbribus, Pinguia nee siccis urantur semina glebis, 55 Utrumque rege temperante ccelitum. Non hue Argoo contendit remige pinus, Neque impudica Colchis intulit pedem : Non hue Sidonii torserunt cornua nautse, Laboriosa nee cohors Ulyssei : 60 [Nulla nocent pecori contagia, nullius astri Gregem aestuosa torret impotentia.] Jupiter ilia piae secrevit littora genti, Ut inquinavit aere tempus aureum : ^Ere, dehinc ferro duravit saecula ; quorum 65 Piis secunda vate me datur fuga. Q. H0RATII FLACCI XVII. (metrum VII.) AD CANIDIAM. HORATIUS. Jam jam efficaci do manus scientiae Supplex, et oro regna per Proserpinae, Per et Dianae non movenda numina, Per atque libros carminum valentium Defixa ccelo devocare sidera, 5 Canidia, parce vocibus tandem sacris, Citumque retro solve, solve, turbinem. Movit nepotem Telephus Nereium, In quern superbus ordinarat agmina Mysorum, et in quern tela acuta torserat. 10 Luxere matres Iliae addictum feris Alitibus, atque canibus homicidam Hectorem ; Postquam relictis mcenibus rex procidit Heu ! pervicacis ad pedes Achillei. Setosa duris exuere pellibus 15 Laboriosi remiges Ulyssei, Volente Circa, membra ; tunc mens, et sonus Relapsus, atque notus in vultus honor. Dedi satis superque pcenarum tibi, Amata nautis multum et institoribus. 20 Fugit juventas, et verecundus color Reliquit ossa pelle amicta lurida ; Tuis capillus albus est odoribus, Nullum a labore me reclinat otium : Urguet diem nox, et dies noctem, neque est 25 Levare tenta spiritu praecordia. Ergo negatum vincor ut credam miser, Sabella pectus increpare carmina, Caputque Marsa dissilire naenia. Quid amplius vis ? O mare et terra ! ardeo, 30 Quantum neque atro delibutus Hercules EP0D0N LIBER. 83 Nessi cruore, nee Sicana fervida Urens in Mtna. flamma. Tu, donee cinis Injuriosis aridus ventis ferar, Cales venenis officina Colchicis. 35 Quas finis ? aut quod me manet stipendium ? EfFare : jussas cum fide poenas luam, Paratus expiare, seu poposceris Centum juvencos, sive mendaci lyra Voles sonari : tu pudica, tu proba, 40 Perambulabis astra sidus aureum. Infamis Helenae Castor offensus vice, Fraterque magni Castoris, victi prece, Ademta vati reddidere lumina. Et tu (potes nam) solve me dementia, 45 O nee paternis obsoleta sordibus, Nee in sepulchris pauperum prudens anus Novendiales dissipare pulveres. Tibi hospitale pectus, et purae manus ; Tuusque venter Pactumeius ; et tuo 50 Cruore rubros obstetrix pannos lavit, Utcunque fortis exsilis puerpera. CANIDIA. Quid obseratis auribus fundis preces ? Non saxa nudis surdiora navitis Neptunus alto tundit hibernus salo. 55 Inultus ut tu riseris Cotyttia Vulgata, sacrum liberi Cupidinis ? Et Esquilini Pontifex venefici Impune ut urbem nomine impleris meo ? Quid proderat ditasse Pelignas anus, 60 Velociusve miscuisse toxicum ? Sed tardiora fata te votis manent : Ingrata misero vita ducenda est, in hoc, Novis ut usque suppetas laboribus. Optat quietem Pelopis infidus pater, 65 84 ft. HORATII FLACCI EPODON LIBER. Egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis ; Optat Prometheus obligatus aliti ; Optat supremo collocare Sisyphus In monte saxum ; sed vetant leges Jovis. Voles modo altis desilire turribus, *]0 Modo ense pectus Norico recludere ; Frustraque vincla gutturi nectes tuo, Fastidiosa tristis aegrimonia. Vectabor humeris tunc ego inimicis eques ; Meaeque terra cedet insolentise. *J5 An, quae movere cereas imagines, Ut ipse nosti curiosus, et polo Deripere Lunam vocibus possim meis, Possim crematos excitare mortuos, Desiderique temperare poculum, — 80 Plorem artis in te nil valentis exitum ? Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM LIBER PRIMUS. ODE I. (metrum xiv.) AD MiECENATEM. Maecenas atavis edite regibus, O et praesidium, et dulce decus meum, Sunt quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum Collegisse juvat ; metaque fervidis Evitata rotis, palmaque nobilis 5 Terrarum dominos evehit ad Deos. Hunc, si mobilium turba Quiritium Certat tergeminis tollere honoribus ; Ilium, si proprio condidit horreo, Quidquid de Libycis verritur areis; 10 Gaud en tern patrios findere sarculo Agros, Attalicis conditionibus Nunquara dimoveas, ut trabe Cypria Myrtoum pavidus nauta secet mare. Luctantem Icariis fluctibus Africum 15 Mercator metuens, otium et oppidi Laudat rura sui : mox reficit rates Quassas, indocilis pauperiem pati. Est qui nee veteris pocula Massici, Nee partem solido demere de die 20 Spernit, nunc viridi membra sub arbuto Stratus, nunc ad aquae lene caput sacras. Multos castra juvant, et lituo tubae Permistus sonitus, bellaque matribus Detestata. Manet sub Jove frigido 25 86 Q. HOllATII FLACCI Venator, tenerae conjugis immemor ; Seu visa est catulis cerva fidelibus, Seu rupit teretes Marsus aper plagas. Te doctarum hederae praemia frontium Diis miscent superis : me gelidum nemus, 30 Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori Secernunt populo ; si neque tibias Euterpe cohibet, nee Polyhymnia Lesboum refugit tendere barbiton. Quod si me lyricis vatibus inseris, 35 Sublimi feriam sidera vertice. ODE II. (metrum xviii.) AD AUGUSTUM C^ESAREM. Jam satis terris nivis atque dirae Grandinis misit Pater, et rubente Dextera sacras jaculatus arces, Terruit urbem : Terruit gentes, grave ne rediret 5 Seculum Pyrrhae, nova monstra questae ; Omne cum Proteus pecus egit altos Visere montes ; Piscium et summa genus haesit ulmo, Nota quae sedes fuerat columbis ; 10 Et superjecto pavidae natarunt iEquore damae. Vidimus flavum Tiberim, retortis Littore Etrusco violenter undis, Ire dejectum monumenta regis, 15 Templaque Vestae : Iliae dum se nimium querenti Jactat ultorem, vagus et sinistra Labitur ripa (Jove non probante) u- xorius amnis. 20 CARMINUM LIB. I. 2. 87 Audiet cives acuisse ferrum, Quo graves Persae melius perirent ; Audiet pugnas, vitio parentum Rara juventus. Quern vocet Diviim populus mentis Imperi rebus ? prece qua fatigent Virgines sanctae minus audientem Carmina Vestam ? Cui dabit partes scelus expiandi Jupiter ? tandem venias, precamur, 30 Nube candentes humeros amictus Augur Apollo: Sive tu mavis, Erycina ridens, Quam Jocus circumvolat, et Cupido : Sive neglectum genus et nepotes 35 Respicis auctor, Heu nimis longo satiate ludo ; Quern juvat clamor, galeaeque leves, Acer et Marsi peditis cruentum Vultus in hostem. 40 Sive mutata juvenem figura Ales in terris imitaris, almae Filius Maise, patiens vocari Caesaris ultor : Serus in ccelum redeas, diuque 45 Laetus intersis populo Quirini ; Neve te nostris vitiis iniquum Ocior aura Tollat : Hie magnos potius triumphos, Hie ames dici Pater atque Princeps: 50 Neu sinas Medos equitare inultos, Te duce, Caesar. 88 Q, HOltATIJ FLACOI ODE III. (metrum xv.) AD NAVEM QUA VEHEBATUR VIRGILIUS ATHENAS PROFICISCENS. Sic te, diva potens Cypri, Sic fratres Helenae, lucida sidera, Yentorumque regat pater, Obstrictis aliis, praeter Iapyga; Navis, quae tibi creditum 5 Debes Virgilium, finibus Atticis Reddas incolumem, precor, Et serves animae dimidium meae. Illi robur et ses triplex Circa pectus erat, qui fragilem truci 10 Commisit pelago ratem Primus, nee timuit praecipitem Africum Decertantem Aquiionibus, Nee tristes Hyadas, nee rabiem Noti ; Quo non arbiter Adriae 15 Major, tollere seu ponere vult freta. Quern mortis timuit gradum, Qui siccis oculis monstra natantia^ Qui vidit mare turbidum, et Infames scopulos, Acroceraunia ? 20 Nequicquam Deus abscidit Prudens Oceano dissociabili Terras, si tamen impiae Non tangenda rates transiliunt vada. Audax omnia perpeti 25 Gens humana ruit per vetitum nefas. Audax Iapeti genus Ignem fraude mala gentibus intulit : Post ignem aetlieria domo Subdue turn, macies et nova febrium 30 Terris incubuit cohors ; CARMINUM LIB. 1. 4. 89 Semotiqiie prius tarda necessitas Leti corripuit gradum. Expertus vacuum Daedalus aera Pennis non homini datis : 35 Perrupit Acheronta Herculeus labor. Nil mortalibus arduum est : Ccelum ipsum petimus stultitia ; neque Per nostrum patimur scelus Iracunda Jovem ponere fulmina. 40 ODE IV. (metrum viii.) AD SESTIUM. Solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni Trahuntque siccas machinae carinas ; Ac neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus, aut arator igni ; Nee prata canis albicant pruinis. Jam Cytherea choros ducit Venus, imminente Luna; 5 Junctaeque Nymphis Gratiae decentes _ Alterno terram quatiunt pede ; dum graves Cyclopum Vulcanus ardens urit officinas. Nunc decet aut viridi nitidum caput impedire myrto, Aut flore, terras quern ferunt solutae. 10 Nunc et in umbrosis Eauno decet immolare lucis, Seu poscat agna, sive malit haedo. Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas, Regumque turres. O beate Sesti, Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam. 15 Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque Manes, Et domus exilis Plutonia ; quo simul mearis, Nee regna vini sortiere talis ; Nee tenerum Lycidan mirabere, quo calet juventus Nunc omnis, et mox virgines tepebunt. 20 90" Q. HORATII FLACCI ODE V. (metrum xvii.) AD PYRRHAM. Quis multa gracilis te puer in rosa Perfusus liquidis urguet odoribus Grato, Pyrrha, sub antro ? Cui flavam religas comam Simplex munditiis ? Heu quoties fidem 5 Mutatosque deos flebit, et aspera Nigris aequora ventis Emirabitur insolens, Qui nunc te fruitur credulus aurea ; Qui semper vacuam, semper amabilem 10 Sperat, nescius auras Fallacis ! Miseri quibus Intentata nites. Me tabula sacer Votiva paries indicat uvida Suspendisse potenti 15 Vestimenta maris Deo. ODE VI. (metrum xvi.) AD AGRIPPAM. Scriberis Vario fortis, et hostium Victor, Maeonii carminis aliti, Quam rem cunque ferox navibus aut equis Miles te duce gesserit. Nos, Agrippa, neque haec dicere, nee gravem 5 Pelidae stomachum, cedere nescii, Nee cursus duplicis per mare Ulyssei, Nee saevam Pelopis domum, Conamur, tenues grandia ; dum pudor, Imbellisque lyrae Musa potens vetat ' 10 Laudes egregii Caesaris et tuas Culpa deterere ingeni. CARMINUM LIB. I. 7- 91 Quis Martem tunica tectum adamantina Digne scripserit ? aut pulvere Troico Nigrum Merionen ? aut ope Palladis 15 Tydiden superis parem ? Nos convivia, nos praelia virginum, Strictis in juvenes unguibus acrium, Cantamus, vacui, sive quid urimur, Non praeter solitum leves. 20 VII. (metrttm III.) AD MUNATIUM PLANCUM. Laudabunt alii claram Rhodon, aut Mytilenen, Aut Ephesum, bimarisve Corinthi Mcenia, vel Baccho Thebas vel Apolline Delphos Insignes, aut Thessala Tempe. Sunt quibus unum opus est, intactas Palladis urbem 5 Carmine perpetuo celebrare, et Undique decerptam fronti praeponere olivam : Plurimus in Junonis honorem Aptum dicit equis Argos, ditesque Mycenas. " Me neque tam patiens Lacedaemon, 10 Nee tam Larissae percussit campus opimae, Quam domus Albuneae resonantis, Et praeceps Anio, et Tiburni lucus, et uda Mobilibus pomaria rivis. Albus ut obscuro deterget nubila ccelo 15 Saepe Notus, neque parturit imbres Perpetuos ; sic tu sapiens finire memento Tristitiam vitaeque labores Molli, Plance, mero ; seu te fulgentia signis Castra tenent, seu densa tenebit 20 Tiburis umbra tui. Teucer Salamina patremque Cum fugeret, tam en uda Lyaeo Tempora populea fertur vinxisse corona, Sic tristes affatus amicos ; 92 Q. HORATII FLACCl Quo nos cunque feret melior fortuna parente, 25 Ibimus, O socii comitesque, Nil desperandum Teucro duce, et auspice Teucro : Certus enim promisit Apollo Ambiguam tellure nova Salamina futuram. O fortes, pejoraque passi 30 Mecum saepe viri, nunc vino pellite curas: Cras ingens iterabimus aequor. ODE VIII. (meteum x.) AD LYDIAM. Lydia die, per omnes Te Deos oro, Sybarim cur properes amando Perdere ; cur apricum Oderit campum patiens pulveris atque solis. Cur neque militaris 5 Inter aequales equitat, Gallica nee lupatis Temperat ora fraenis ? Cur timet flavum Tiberim tangere ? cur olivum Sanguine viperino Cautius vitat ? neque jam livida gestat armis 10 Brachia, saepe disco, Sagpe trans finem jaculo nobilis expedito ? Quid latet, ut marinas Filium dicunt Thetidis sub lacrymosa Trojae Funera, ne virilis 15 Cultus in caedem et Lycias proriperet catervas ? ODE IX. (metrum xix.) AD THALIARCHUM. Vides ut alta stet nive candidum Soracte, nee jam sustineant onus Sylvae laborantes, geluque Flumina constiterint acuto ? CARMINUM LIB. I. 10. 93 Dissolve frigus, ligna super foco 5 Large reponens ; atque benignius Deprome quadrimum Sabina, O Thaliarche, merum diota. Permitte Divis caetera ; qui simul Stravere ventos sequore fervido 10 Deprceliantes, nee cupressi, Nee veteres agitantur orni. Quid sit futurum eras, fuge quaerere ; et Quem sors dierum cunque dabit, lucro Adpone; nee dulces amores 15 Sperne puer, neque tu choreas, Donee virenti canities abest Morosa. Nunc et campus, et areae, Lenesque sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora : 20 Nunc et latentis proditor intimo Gratus puellae risus ab angulo, Pignusque dereptum lacertis Aut digito male pertinaci. ODE X. (m. xviii.) AD MERCURIUM. Mercuri, facunde, nepos Atlantis, Qui feros cultus hominum recentum Voce formasti catus, et decorae More palaestrae : Te canam, magni Jovis et Deorum 5 Nuntium, curvaeque lyrae parentem ; Callidum quicquid placuit, jocoso Condere furto. Te boves olim nisi reddidisses Per dolum amotas, puerum minaci 10 Voce dum terret, viduus pharetra Risit Apollo. 94 Q. HORATII FLACC: Quin et Atridas, duce te, superbos Ilio dives Priamus relicto, Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit. Tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus, virgaque levem coerces Aurea turbam, superis Deorum Gratus et imis. 15 20 ODE XI. (metrum xiii.) AD LEUCONOEN. Tu ne quaesieris, scire nefas, quern mihi, quern tibi Finem Dii dederint, Leuconoe ; nee Babylonios Tentaris numeros. Ut melius quicquid erit pati, Seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Jupiter ultimam, Quae nunc oppositis debilitat pumicibus mare Tyrrhenum. Sapias, vina liques, et spatio brevi Spem longam reseces : dum loquimur, fugerit invida yEtas: carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero. ODE XII. (m. xviii.) AD AUGUSTUM. Quem virum aut heroa lyra vel acri Tibia sumis celebrare, Clio ? Quem Deum ? cujus recinet jocosa Nomen imago, Aut in umbrosis Heliconis oris, Aut super Pindo, gelidove in Haemo ? Unde vocalem temere insecutae Orphea silvae, Arte materna rapidos morantem Fluminum lapsus celeresque ventos, Blandum et auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus. 5 10 CARMINUM LIB. I. 12. 95 Quid prius dicam solitis Parentis Laudibus ? qui res hominum ac Deorum, Qui mare et terras, variisque mundum 1 5 Temperat horis : Unde nil majus generatur ipso, Nee viget quidquam simile, aut secundum : Proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores. 20 Proeliis audax, neque te silebo, Liber, et saevis inimica virgo Beluis ; nee te metuende certa Phcebe sagitta. Dicam et Alciden ; puerosque Ledae, 25 Hunc equis, ilium superare pugnis Nobilem ; quorum simul alba nautis Stella refulsit, Defluit saxis agitatus humor ; Concidunt venti, fugiuntque nubes, 30 Et minax (quod sic voluere) ponto Unda recumbit. Romulum post hos prius, an quietum Pompili regnum memorem, an superbos Tarquini fasces, dubito, an Catonis 35 Nobile letum. Regulum, et Scauros, animaeque magnae Prodigum, Pceno superante, Paulum, Gratus insigni referam Camena, Fabriciumque. 40 Hunc, et incomtis Curium capillis Utilem bello tulit, et Camillum Saeva paupertas, et avitus apto Cum lare fundus. Crescit, occulto velut arbor aevo, 45 Fama Marceili : micat inter omnes Julium sidus, velut inter ignes Luna minores. 96 Q. H0RATII FLACCI Gentis humanac pater atque custos, Orte Saturno, tibi cura magni 50 Caesaris fatis data : tu secundo Caesare regnes. Hie, seu Parthos Latio imminentes Egerit justo domitos triumpho, Sive subjectos Orientis orae 55 Seras et Indos, Te minor latum reget aequus orbem : Tu gravi curru qua ties Olympum ; Tu parum castis inimica mittes Fulmina lucis. 60 ODE XIII. (m. xv.) AD LYDIAM. Cum tu, Lydia, Telephi Cervicem roseam, cerea Telephi Laudas brachia, Vae ! meum Fervens difficili bile tumet jecur. Tunc nee mens mihi, nee color 5 Certa sede manet ; humor et in genas Furtim labitur, arguens Quam lentis penitus macerer ignibus. Uror, seu tibi candidos Turparunt humeros immodicae mero 10 Rixae ; sive puer furens Impressit memorem dente labris notam. Non, si me satis audias, Speres perpetuum, dulcia barbare . Laedentem oscula, quae Venus 15 Quinta parte sui nectaris imbuit. CARMINUM I.TB. I. 14. 15. 97 Felices ter et amplius Quos irrupta tenet copula, nee malis Divulsus querimoniis Suprema citius solve t amor die. 20 ODE XIV. (m. xvii.) AD REMPUBLICAM. O Navis, referent in mare te novi Fluctus ? O quid agis ? fortiter occupa Portum : nonne vides, ut Nudum remigio latus, Et malus celeri saucius Africo, 5 Antennaeque gem ant, ac sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possint imperiosius jEquor ? non tibi sunt integra lintea, Non Dii, quos iterum pressa voces malo. 10 Quamvis Pontica pinus, Silvae filia nobilis, Jactes et genus et nomen inutile ; Nil pictis timidus navita puppibus Fidit : tu, nisi ventis 15 Debes ludibrium, cave. Nuper solicitum quae mihi taedium, Nunc desiderium curaque non levis, Interfusa nitentes Vites aequora Cycladas. 20 ODE XV. (m. xvi.) UEREI VATICINIITM DE EXCIDIO TROJyE. Pastor cum traheret per freta navibus Idseis Helenam perfidus hospitam, 98 Q. HOllATII FLACCI Ingrato celeres obruit otio Ventos, ut caneret fera Nereus fata. Mala ducis avi domum, 5 Quam multo repetet Graecia mjlite, Conjurata tuas rumpere nuptias, Et regnum Priami vetus. Eheu quantus equis, quantus adest viris Sudor ! quanta moves funera Dardanae 10 Genti ! jam galeam Pallas et aegida Currusque et rabiem parat. Nequicquam, Veneris praesidio ferox, Pectes csesariem, grataque foeminis Imbelli cithara carmina divides : 15 Nequicquam thalamo graves Hastas et calami spicula Cnossii Vitabis, strepitumque, et celerem sequi Ajacem. Tamen heu ! serus adulteros Crines pulvere collines. 20 Non Laertiaden, exitium tuse Gentis, non Pylium Nestora respicis ? Urguent impavidi te Salaminius Teucer, te Sthenelus sciens Pugnee, sive opus est imperitare equis, Non auriga piger. Merionen quoque Nosces : ecce furit te reperire atrox Tydides, melior patre : Quern tu, cervus uti vallis in altera Visum parte lupum graminis immemor, 30 Sublimi fugies mollis anhelitu, Non hoc pollicitus tuae. Iracunda diem proferet Ilio Matromsque Phrygum classis Achillei. Post certas hyemes uret Achaicus 35 Ignis Pergameas domos. CARMINUM LIB. I. 16. 99 ODE XVI. (m. xix.) PAL1NODIA AD TYNDARIDEM. O! Matee pulchra filia pulchrior, Quern criminosis cunque voles modum Pones Iambis ; sive flamma, Sive mari libet Hadriano. Non Dindymene, non adytis quatit 5 Mentem sacerdotum incola Pythius, Non Liber seque; non acuta Sic geminant Corybantes aera, Tristes ut irse : quas neque Noricus Deterret ensis, nee mare naufragum, 10 Nee saevus ignis, nee tremendo Jupiter ipse mens tumultu. Fertur Prometheus addere principi Limo coactus particulam undique Desectam, et insani leonis 15 Vim stomacho apposuisse nostro. Irse Thyesten exitio gravi Stravere, et altis urbibus ultimae Stetere causae, cur perirent Funditus, imprimeretque muris 20 Hostile aratrum exercitus insolens. Compesce mentem ; me quoque pectoris Tentavit in dulci juventa Fervor, et in celeres Iambos Misit furentem : nunc ego mitibus 25 Mutare quaero tristia, dum mihi Fias recantatis arnica Opprobriis, animumque reddas. h 2 100 Q. HORATTJ FLACCI ODE XVII. (m. xix.) AD TYNDAEIDEM. Velox amoenum saepe Lucretilem Mutat Lycaeo Faunus, et igneam Defendit aestatem capellis Usque meis pluviosque ventos. Impune tutum per nemus arbutos 5 Quserunt latentes et thyma devise Olentis uxores mariti ; Nee virides metuunt colubras, Nee martiales haeduleae lupos; Utcunque dulci, Tyndari, fistula 1 Valles, et Usticas cubantis Levia personuere saxa. Dii me tuentur ; Diis pietas mea Et musa cordi est. Hie tibi copia Manabit ad plenum benigno Ruris honorum opulenta cornu. Hie in reducta valle caniculae Vitabis aestus, et fide Te'ia Dices laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen. 20 Hie innocentis pocula Lesbii Duces sub umbra ; nee Semelei'us Cum Marte confundet Thyoneus Prcelia ; nee metues protervum Suspecta Cyrum, ne male dispari Incontinentes injiciat manus, Et scindat haerentem coronam Crinibus, immeritamque vestem. CARMINUM LIB. I. 18. 19. 101 ODE XVIII. (m. xiii.) AD VARUM. Null am, Vare, sacra vite prius severis arborem Circa mite solum Tiburis, et moenia Catili. Siccis omnia nam dura Deus proposuit ; neque Mordaces aliter diffugiunt solicitudines. Quis post vina gravem militiam aut pauperiem crepat ? 5 Quis non te potius, Bacche pater, teque, decens Venus ? At ne quis modici transiliat munera Liberi, Centaurea monet cum Lapithis rixa super mero Debellata : monet Sithoniis non levis Evius ; Cum fas atque nefas exiguo fine libidinum 10 Discernunt avidi. Non ego te, candide Bassareu, Invitum quatiam ; nee variis obsita frondibus Sub divum rapiam : saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana, quae subsequitur caecus Amor sui, Et tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, 15 Arcanique Fides prodiga, perlucidior vitro. ODE XIX. (m. xv.) DE GLYCERA. Mater saeva Cupidinum, Thebanaeque jubet me Semeles puer, Et lasciva Licentia, Finitis animum reddere amoribus. Urit me Glycerae nitor 5 Splendentis Pario marmore purius : Urit grata protervitas, Et vultus nimium lubricus aspici. In me tota ruens Venus Cyprum deseruit ; nee patitur Scythas 10 Et versis animosum equis Parthum dicere, nee quae nihil attinent. Hie vivum mihi cespitem, hie 102 Q. HORATII FLACCI Verbenas, pueri, ponite, turaque Bimi cum patera meri : 15 Mactata veniet lenior hostia. ODE XX. (m. xvin.) AD MiECENATEM. Vile potabis modicis Sabinum Cantharis, Graeca quod ego ipse testa Conditum levi, datus in theatro Cum tibi plausus, Clare Maecenas eques ; ut paterni 5 Fluminis ripae, simul et jocosa Redderet laudes tibi Vaticani Montis imago. Caecubum, et praelo domitam Caleno Tu bibes uvam : mea nee Falernoe 10 Temperant vites, neque Formiani Pocula colles. ODE XXI. (m. xvii.) IN DIANAM ET APOLLINEM. Dianam tenerse dicite virgines, Intonsum pueri dicite Cynthium, La ton am que supremo Dilectam penitus Jovi. Vos laetam fluviis et nemorum coma, 5 Qusecunque aut gelido prominet Algido, Nigris aut Erymanthi Silvis, aut viridis Cragi : Vos Tempe totidem tollite laudibus ; Natalemque, mares, Delon Appollinis, 10 CAltMINUM LIB. I. 22. 103 Insignemque pharetra Fraternaque humerum lyra. Hie bellum lacrymosum, hie miseram famem Pestemque a populo et principe Caesare in Persas atque Britaimos 15 Vestra motus aget prece. ODE XXIL (m. xviii.) AD AR1STIUM FUSCUM. Integer vitae scelerisque purus Non eget Mauri jaculis neque arcu Nee venenatis gravida sagittis, Fusee, pharetra ; Sive per Syrtes iter aestuosas, 5 Sive facturus per inhospitalem Caucasum, vel quaa loca fabulosus Lambit Hydaspes. Namque me silva lupus in Sabina, Dum meam canto Lalagen, et ultra 10 Terminum curis vagor expeditus, Fugit inermem : Quale portentum neque militaris Daunias latis alit esculetis, Nee Jubae tellus generat, leonum 15 Arida nutrix. Pone me pigris ubi nulla campis Arbor aestiva recreatur aura, Quod latus mundi nebulas malusque Jupiter urguet ; 20 Pone sub curru nimium propinqui Solis, in terra domibus negata ; Dulce ridentem Lalagen amabo, Dulcc loquentcm. 104 Q. HOBATII FLACCI ODE XXIII. (m. xvii.) AD CHLOEN. Vitas hinnuleo me similis, Chloe, Quaerenti pavidam montibus aviis Matrem, non sine vano Aurarum et siliiee metu. Nam seu mobilibus vepris inhorruit 5 Ad ventum foliis, seu virides rubum Dimovere lacertae, Et corde et genibus tremit. - Atqui non ego te, tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor : 10 Tandem desine matrem Tempestiva sequi viro. ODE XXIV. (m. xvi.) ad vikgilium. Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus Tarn cari capitis ? Praecipe lugubres Cantus, Melpomene, cui liquidam pater Vocem cum cithara dedit. Ergo Quinctilium perpetuus sopor 5 Urguet ? cui Pudor, et Justitiae sorer Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas, Quando ullum invenient par-em ? Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit ; Nulli flebilior quam tibi, Virgili. 10 Tu frustra pius, heu I non ita creditum Poscis Quinctilium Deos. Quod si Thre'icio blandius Orpheo Auditam moderere arboribus fidem ; Non vanae redeat sanguis imagini, 15 Quam virga semel horrida, CARMINUM LIB. I. 25. 26. 105 Non lenis precibus fata recludere, Nigro compulerit Mercurius gregi. Durum : sed levius fit patientia, Quicquid corrigere est nefas. 20 ODE XXV. (m. xvm.) AD LYDIAM. Paucius junctas quatiunt fenestras Ictibus crebris juvenes protervi, Nee tibi somnos adimunt ; amatque Janua limen, Quae prius multum facilis movebat 5 Cardines : audis minus et minus jam, Me tuo longas pereunte noctes, Lydia, dormis ? Invicem moechos anus arrogantes Flebis in solo levis angiportu, 10 Thracio bacchante magis sub inter- lunia vento : Cum tibi flagrans amor, et libido Quae solet matres furiare equorum, Saeviet circa jecur ulcerosum; 15 Non sine questu, Laeta quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeat pulla magis atque myrto ; Aridas frondes Hyemis sodali Dedicet Euro. 20 ODE XXVI. (m. xix.) DE ^LIO LAMIA. Musis amicus, tristitiam et metus Tradam protervis in mare Creticum Portare veutis ; queis sub Arcto Rex gelidae metuatur orae, 106 Q. HORATII FLACCI Quid Tiridatem terreat, unice Securus. O quae fontibus integris Gaudes, apricos necte flores, Necte meo Lamiae coronam, Pimplei dulcis : nil sine te mei ■ Possunt honores : hunc fidibus novis, 10 Hunc Lesbio sacrare plectro Teque tuasque decet sorores. ODE XXVII. (m. xix.) AD SODALES. Nat is in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare Thracum est : tollite barbarum Morem, verecundumque Bacchum Sanguineis prohibete rixis. Vino et lucernis Medus acinaces 5 Immane quantum discrepat ! Impium Lenite clamorem, sodales, Et cubito remanete presso. Vultis severi me quoque sumere Partem Falerni ? dicat Opuntiae 10 Frater Megillae, quo beatus Vulnere, qua pereat sagitta. Cessat voluntas ? non alia bibam Mercede. Quae te cunque domat Venus, Non erubescendis adurit 15 Ignibus ; ingenuoque semper Amore peccas : quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus. Ah ! miser, Quanta laborabas Charybdi, Digne puer meliore flamma ! 20 Quae saga, quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis, quis poterit Deus ? Vix illigatum te triform i Pegasus expediet Chimaera. CARMINUM LIB. I. 28. 107 ODE XXVIII. (m. hi.) ARCHYTAS. Te maris et terrae numeroque carentis arense Mensorem cohibent, Archyta, Pulveris exigui prope littus parva Matinum Munera : nee quidquam tibi prodest Aerias tentasse domos, animoque rotundum 5 Percurrisse polum, morituro. Occidit et Pelopis genitor, conviva Deorum ; Tithonusque remotus in auras, Et Jovis arcanis Minos admissus : habentque Tartara Panthoiden, iterum Oreo 10 Demissum ; quaravis clypeo Trojana refixo Tempora testatus, nihil ultra Nervos atque cutem morti concesserat atrae ; Judice te, non sordidus auctor Naturae verique. Sed omnes una manet nox, 15 Et calcanda semel via leti. Dant alios Furiae torvo spectacula Marti : Exitio est avidum mare nautis. Mista senum ac juvenum densentur funera : nullum Saeva caput Proserpina fugit. 20 Me quoque devexi rapidus comes Orionis Illyricis Notus obruit undis. At tu nauta, vagas ne parce malignus arenae Ossibus et capiti inhumato Particulam dare : sic, quodcunque minabitur Eurus 25 Fluctibus Hesperiis, Venusinae Plectantur silvae, te sospite ; multaque merces, Unde potest, tibi defluat aequo Ab Jove, Neptunoque sacri custode Tarenti. Negligis immeritis nocituram 30 Postmodo te natis fraudem committere ? Fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae 108 Q. HOltATII FLACCI Te maneant ipsum : precibus non linquar inultis ; Teque piacula nulla resolvent. Quanquam festinas, non est mora longa, licebit 35 Injecto ter pulvere curras. ODE XXIX. (m. xix.) AD ICCIUM. Icci, beatis nunc Arabum invides Gazis ; et acrem militiam paras Non ante devictis Sabaeae Regibus, horribilique Medo Nectis catenas. Quas tibi virginum 5 Sponso necato barbara serviet ? Puer quis ex aula capillis Ad cyathum statuetur unctis, Doctus sagittas tendere Sericas Arcu paterno? quis neget arduis 10 Pronos relabi posse rivos Montibus, et Tiberim reverti ; Cum tu coemtos undique nobiles Libros Panaeti, Socraticam et domum, Mutare loricis Iberis, 15 Pollicitus meliora, tendis ? ODE XXX. (m. xviii.) AD VENEREM. O Venus, regina Cnidi Paphique, Sperne dilectam Cypron, et vocantis Ture te multo Glyceras de coram Transfer in aedem. Fervidus tecum puer, et solutis Gratiae zonis, properentque Nymphae, CAltMINUM LIB. I. 31. 32. 109 )mis sine t Mercuriusque. Et parum comis sine te Juventas, ODE XXXI. (m. xix.) AD APOLLINEM. Qutd dedicatum poscit Apollinem Vates ? quid orat, de patera novum Fundens liquorem ? non opimas Sardiniae segetes feracis ; Non aestuosae grata Calabrias 5 Armenta ; non aurum, aut ebur Indicum ; Non rura quae Liris quieta Mordet aqua taciturnus amnis. Premant Calena falce, quibus dedit Fortuna, vitem ; dives et aureis 10 Mercator exsiccet culullis Vina Syra reparata merce, Diis cams ipsis ; quippe ter et quater Anno revisens asquor Atlanticum Impune. Me pascnnt olivae, 15 Me cichorea levesque malvae. Frui paratis et valido mihi Latoe dones, ac, precor, integra Cum mente; nee turpem senectam Degere, nee cithara carentem. 20 ODE XXXII. (m. xviii.) AD LYRAM. Poscimur. Siquid vacui sub umbra Lusimus tecum, quod et hunc in annum Vivat et plures, age, die Latinum, 110 Q. HORATTT FLACCI Barbite, carmen, Lesbio primum modulate civi ; 5 Qui ferox bello, tamen inter arma, Sive jactatam religarat udo Littore navim, Liberum et Musas, Veneremque et illi Semper haerentem Puerum canebat, 10 Et Lycum nigris oculis nigroque Crine decorum. O decus Phcebi, et dapibus supremi Grata testudo Jovis, O laborum Dulce lenimen, mihi cunque salve 1 5 Rite vocanti. ODE XXXIII. (m. xvi.) AD ALBIUM TIBULLUM. Albi, ne doleas plus nimio memor Immitis Glycerse ; neu miserabiles Decantes elegos, cur tibi junior Laesa prssniteat fide. Insignem tenui fronte Lycorida 5 Cyri torret amor ; Cyrus in asperam Declinat Pholoen : sed prius Appulis Jungentur capreae lupis, Quam turpi Pholoe peccet adultero. Sic visum Veneri ; cui placet impares 10 Formas atque animos sub juga ahenea Saevo mittere cum joco. Ipsum me melior cum peteret Venus, Grata detinuit compede My r tale Libertina, fretis acrior Adriae 15 Curvantis Calabros sinus. CARMINUM LIB. I. 34. 35. HI ODE XXXIV. (m. xix.) Parcus Deorum cultor et infrequens, Insanientis dum sapientiae Consultus erro, nunc retrorsum Vela dare, atque iterare cursus Cogor relictos : namque Diespiter, 5 Igni corusco nubila dividens Plerumque, per purum tonantes Egit equos volucremque currum ; Quo bruta tellus, et vaga flumina, Quo Styx, et invisi horrida Taenari 10 Sedes, Atlanteusque finis Concutitur. Valet ima summis Mutare et insignem attenuat Deus, Obscura promens : hinc apicem rapax Fortuna cum stridore acuto 1 5 Sustulit, hie posuisse gaudet. ODE XXXV. (m. xix.) AD FORTUNAM. O Diva gratum quae regis Antium, Praesens vel imo tollere de gradu Mortale corpus, vel superbos Vertere funeribus triumphos : Te pauper ambit sollicita prece 5 Ruris colonus ; te dominam aequoris, Quicunque Bithyna lacessit Carpathium pelagus carina. Te Dacus asper, te profugi Scytha?, Urbesque gentesque, et Latium ferox, 10 Regumque matres barbarorum, et Purpurei metuunt tyranni, 112 Q. HORATIT FLACCI Injurioso ne pede proruas Stantem columnam ; neu populus frequens Ad arma cessantes, ad arma 15 Concitet, imperiumque frangat. Te semper anteit saeva Necessitas, Clavos trabales et cuneos manu Gestans ahena ; nee severus Uncus abest, liquidumque plumbum. 20 Te Spes et albo rara Fides colit Velata panno ; nee comitem abnegat, Utcunque mutata potentes Veste domos inimica linquis. At vulgus infidum et meretrix retro 25 Perjura cedit: diffugiunt cadis Cum faece siccatis amici, Ferre jugum pariter dolosi. Serves iturum Caesarem in ultimos Orbis Britannos, et juvenum recens 30 Examen Eois timendum Partibus, Oceanoque rubro. Eheu ! cicatricum et sceleris pudet Fratrumque : quid nos dura refugimus JEtas ? quid intactum nefasti 35 Liquimus ? unde manum juventus Metu Deorum coiftinuit ? quibus Pepercit aris ? O utinam nova Incude diffingas retusum in Massagetas Arabasque ferrum. 40 ODE XXXVI. (m. xv.) DE JPLOTIO NUMIDA. Et ture et fidibus juvat Placare, et vituli sanguine debito (AKMINUM LIB. I. 3*J. 1 1 3 Custodcs Numidae Deos : Qui nunc Hespcria sospes ab ultima Caris multa sodalibus, .5 Nulli plura tamen dividit oscula Quam dulci Lamia?, memor Actae non alio rege puertiae, Mutataeque simul togae. Cressa ne careat pulchra dies nota ; 10 Neu promtae modus amphorae, Neu morem in Salium sit requies pedum ; Neu multi Damalis meri Bassum Threicia vincat amystide ; Neu desint epulis rosae, 15 Neu vivax apium, neu breve lilium. Omnes in Damalin putres Deponent oculos; nee Damalis novo Divelletur adultero, Lascivis hederis ambitiosior. 20 ODE XXXVII. (m. xix.) AD SODALES. Nunc est bibendum, nunc pede libero Pulsanda tellus ; nunc Saliaribus Ornare pulvinar Deorum Tempus erat dapibus, sodales. Antehac nefas depromere Caecubum 5 Cellis avitis, dum Capitolio Regina dementes ruinas, Funus et imperio parabat, Contaminato cum grege turpium Morbo virorum, quidlibet impotens 10 Sperare, fortunaque dulci Ebria : sed minuit furorem 114 d. HOHATII JFLACCI CAEMINUM LIB. I. 38. Vix una sospes navis ab ignibus-; Mentemque lymph atam Mareotico Redegit in veros timores 15 Caesar, ab Italia volantem Remis adurguens, (accipiter velut Molles columbas, aut leporem citus Venator in campis nivalis iEmoniae J daret ut catenis 20 Fatale monstrum, quae generosius Perire quaerens, nee muliebriter Expavit ensem, nee latentes Classe cita reparavit oras : Ausa et jacentem visere regiam 25 Vultu sereno, fortis et asperas Tractare serpentes, ut atrum Corpore combiberet venenum, Deliberata morte ferocior : Saevis Liburnis scilicet invidens, 30 Privata deduci superbo Non humilis mulier triumpho. ODE XXXVIII. (m. xviik) AD MINISTRUM. Persicos odi, puer, apparatus : Displicent nexae philyra coronae : Mitte sectari, rosa quo locorum Sera moretur. Simplici myrto nihil adlabores, Sedulus curae : neque te ministrum Dedecet myrtus, neque me sub arcta Vite bibentem. Q. HORATII FLACCI C ARM I N U M LIBER SECUNDUS. ODE I. (m. xix.) AD C. ASINIUM POLLTONEM. Motum ex Metello consule civicum, Bellique causas, et vitia et modos, Ludumque Fortunae, gravesque Principum amicitias, et arma Nondum expiatis uncta cruoribus, 5 Periculosae plenum opus aleag, Tractas ; et incedis per ignes Suppositos cineri doloso. Paulum severae Musa Tragcediae Desit theatris : mox, ubi publicas 10 Res ordinaris, grande munus Cecropio repetes cothurno, Insigne moastis prsesidium reis, Et consulenti, Pollio, curia?, Cui laurus aeternos honores 15 Dalniatico peperit triumpho. Jam nunc minaci murmure cornuum Perstringis aures, jam litui strepunt ; Jam fulgor armorum fugaces Terret equos equitumque vultus. 20 Videre magnos jam videor duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidos, Et cuncta terrarum subacta, Praeter atrocem animum Catonis. i 2 116 Q. HOHATII FLACCI Juno, et Deorum quisquis amicior 25 Afris, inulta cesserat impotens Tellure, victoram nepotes Rettulit inferias Jugurthae. Quis non Latino sanguine pinguior Campus sepulchris impia proelia 30 Testatur, auditumque Medis Hesperiae sonitum ruinse ? Qui gurges, aut quae flumina lugubris Ignara belli ? quod mare Dauniae Non decoloravere caedes ? 35 Quae caret ora cruore nostro ? Sed ne relictis Musa procax jocis Ceae retractes munera nseniae ; Mecum Dionaeo sub antro Quaere modos leviore plectro. 40 ODE II. (m. xviii.) AD C SALLUSTIUM CRISPUM. Nullus argento color est, — avaris Abditae terris inimice lamnae, Crispe Sallusti, — nisi temperato Splendeat usu. Vivet extento Proculeius aevo 5 Notus in fratres animi paterni : Ilium aget penna metuente solvi Fama superstes. Latius regnes avidum domando Spiritum, quam si Libyam remotis ltf Gadibus jungas, et uterque Pcenus Serviat uni. Crescit indulgens sibi dims hydrops ; Nee sitim pellit, nisi causa morbi CARMINUM LIB. II. 3. 117 Fugerit venis, et aquosus albo 15 Corpore languor. Redditum Cyri solio Phraaten, Dissidens plebi, numero beatorum Eximit virtus ; populumque falsis Dedocet uti 20 Vocibus, regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni, propriamque laurum, Quisquis ingentes oculo irretorto Spectat acervos. ODE III. (m.xix.) AD Q. DELLIUM. jEquam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, non secus in bonis Ab insolenti temperatam Laetitia, moriture Delli, Seu mcestus omni tempore vixeris, 5 Seu te in remoto gramine per dies Festos reclinatum bearis Interiore nota Falerni. Qua pinus ingens albaque populus Umbram hospitalem consociare amant 10 Ramis, et obliquo laborat Lympha fugax trepidare rivo ; Hue vina et unguenta et nimium breves Flores amoenae ferre jube rosae, Dum res et aetas et sororum 15 Fila trium patiuntur atra. Cedes coemtis saltibus, et domo Villaque, flavus quam Tiberis lavit : Cedes ; et exstructis in altum Divitiis potietur haeres. 20 .118 Q. HORATII FLACCI Divesne prisco natus ab Inacho Nil interest, an pauper et infima De gente sub divo moreris, Victima nil miserantis Orci. Omnes eodem cogimur : omnium 25 Versatur urna serius ocius Sors exitura, et nos in aeternum Exsilium impositura cymbae. ODE IV. (m. xviii.) AD XANTHIAM PHOCEUM. Ne sit ancillaa tibi amor pudori, Xanthia Phoceu ; prius insolentem Serva Briseis niveo colore Movit Achillem : Movit Ajacem Telamone natum 5 Forma captivae dominum Tecmessae : Arsit Atrides medio in triumpho Virgine rapta ; Barbaras postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore, et ademtus Hector 10 Tradidit fessis leviora tolli Pergama Graiis. Nescias an te generum beati Phyllidis flavae decorent parentes : Regium certe genus, et penates 1 5 Moeret iniquos. Crede non illam tibi de scelesta Plebe dilectam ; neque sic fidelem, Sic lucro aversam potuisse nasci Matre pudenda. 20 Brachia et vultum teretesque suras Integer laudo : fuge suspicari, Cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum. CA&MINUM LIB. II. 5. 6. 119 ODE V. (m. xix.) Nondum subacta ferre jugum valet Cervice, nondum munia comparis iEquare, nee tauri mentis In V r enerem tolerare pondus. Circa virentes est animus tuae 5 Campos juvencae, nunc fluviis gravem Solantis aestum, nunc in udo Ludere cum vitulis salicto Praegestientis : tolle cupidinem Immitis uvae ; jam tibi lividos 10 Distinguet autumnus racemos Purpureo varius colore. Jam te sequetur, (currit enim ferox /Etas ; et illi, quos tibi dempserit, Apponet annos,) jam proterva 15 Fronte petet Lalage maritum ; Dilecta quantum non Pholoe fugax, Non Chloris : albo sic humero nitens, Ut pura nocturno renidet Luna mari, Cnidiusve Gyges ; 20 Quern si puellarum insereres choro, Mira sagaces Falleret hospites Discrimen obscurum, solutis Crinibus, ambiguoque vultu. ODE VI. (m. xviii.) AD SEPTIMIUM. Septimi, Gades aditure mecum, et Cantabrum indoctum juga ferre nostra, et Barbaras Syrtes, ubi Maura semper ^Estuat unda \ Tibur Argeo positum colono 120 Q. HORATII FLACCI Sit meac secies utinam senectae ; Sit modus lasso maris ct viarum Militiaeque : Unde si Parcae prohibent iniquas, Dulce pellitis ovibus Galesi 10 Flumen et regnata petam Laconi Rura Phalantho. Ille terrarum mihi praeter omnes Angulus ridet ; ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt, viridique certat 15 Bacca Venafro : Ver ubi longum, tepidasque praebet Jupiter brumas, et amicus Anion Fertili Baccho minimum Falernis Invidet uvis. 20 Ille te mecum locus et beatae Postulant arces ; ibi tu calentem Debita sparges lacrima favillam Vatis amici. ODE VII. (m. xix.) AD POMPEIUM VARUM. O s^pe mecum tempus in ultimum Deducte Bruto militiae duce, Quis te redonavit Quiritem Diis patriis, rtaloque ccelo, Pompei, meorum prime sodalium ? 5 Cum quo morantem saepe diem mero Fregi, coronatus nitentes Malobathro Syrio capillos. Tecum Philippos et celerem fugam Sensi, relicta non bene parmula, 10 Cum fracta virtus, et minaces Turpe solum tetigere mento. CARMINUM LTfl. II.. 8. 121 Seel me per hostes Mercurius celer Denso paventem sustulit aere : Te rursus in bellum resorbens 15 Unda fretis tulit aestuosis. Ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem, Longaque fessum militia latus Depone sub lauru mea ; nee Parce cadis tibi destinatis. 20 Oblivioso levia Massico Ciboria exple ; funde capacibus Unguenta de conchis : quis udo Deproperare apio coronas Curatve myrto ? quern Venus arbitrum 25 Dicet bibendi ? non ego sanius Bacchabor Edonis : recepto Dulce mihi furere est amico. ODE VIII. (m. xviii.) AD BARINEN. Ulla si juris tibi pejerati Poena, Barine, nocuisset unquam, Dente si nigro fieres, vel uno Turpior ungui, Crederem : sed tu, simul obligasti 5 Perfidum votis caput, enitescis Pulchrior multo, juvenumque prodis Publica cura. Expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere, et toto taciturna noctis 10 Signa cum ccelo, gelidaque Divos Morte carentes. Ridet hoc, inquam, Venus ipsa ; rident Simplices Nymphae, ferus et Cupido 122 Q. HORATII FLACCI Semper ardentes acuens sagittas 15 Cote cruenta. Adde quod pubes tibi crescit omnis, Servitus crescit nova ; nee priores Impiae tectum dominae relinquunt, Saepe minati. 20 Te suis matres metuunt juvencis, Te senes parci, miseraeque nuper Virgines nuptae, tua ne retardet Aura maritos. ODE IX. (m. xix.) AD VALGIUM. Non semper imbres nubibus hispidos Manant in agros, aut mare Caspium Vexant inaequales procellae Usque ; nee Armeniis in oris, Amice Valgi, stat glacies iners 5 Menses per omnes ; aut Aquilonibus Querceta Gargani laborant, Et foliis viduantur orni. Tu semper urgues flebilibus modis Mysten ademtum ; nee tibi Vespero 1 Surgente decedunt amores, Nee rapidum fugiente solem. At non ter sevo functus amabilem Ploravit omnes Antilochum senex Annos ; nee impubem parentes 15 Tro'ilon, aut Phrygise sorores Flevere semper. Desine mollium Tandem querelarum ; et potius nova Cantemus Augusti tropaea Caesaris, et rigidum Niphaten, 20 CARMINUM LIB. II. 10. 123 Medumque flumen gentibus additum Victis, minores volvere vortices, Intraque praescriptum Gelonos Exiguis equitare campis. ODE X. (m. xviii.) AD L1CINIUM. Rectius vives, Licini, neque altum Semper urguendo ; neque, dum procellas Cautus horrescis, nimium premendo Littus iniquum. Auream quisquis mediocritatem 5 Diligit, tutus caret obsoleti Sordibus tecti, caret invidenda Sobrius aula. Saepius ventis agitatur ingens Pinus ; et celsae graviore casu 10 Decidunt turres ; feriuntque summos Fulgura montes. Sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem bene praeparatum Pectus : informes hiemes reducit 15 Jupiter, idem Summovet. Non, si male nunc, et olim Sic erit : quondam cithara tacentem Suscitat Musam, neque semper arcum Tendit Apollo. 20 Rebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare ; sapienter idem Contrahes vento nimium secundo Turgida vela. 124 Q. HORATII FLACCI ODE XI. (m. xix.) AD Q. HIRPINUM. Quid bellicosus Cantaber et Scythes, Hirpine Quincti, cogitet, Adria Divisus objecto, remittas Quaerere ; nee trepides in usum Poscentis asvi pauca : fugit retro 5 Levis juventas et decor, arida Pellente lascivos amores Canitie facilemque somnum. Non semper idem floribus est honos Vernis, neque uno Luna rubens nitet 1 Vultu : quid aeternis minorem Consiliis animum fatigas ? Cur non sub alta vel platano vel hac Pinu jacentes sic tern ere, et rosa Canos odorati capillos, 15 Dum licet, Assyriaque nardo - Potamus uncti ? dissipat Evius Curas edaces : quis puer ocyus Restinguet ardentis Falerni Pocula praetereunte lympha ? 20 Quis devium scortum eliciet domo Lyden ? eburna, die age, cum lyra Maturet, incomtam, Lacsenae More, comam religata nodo. ODE XII. (m. xvi.) AD 1LECENATEM. Nolis longa ferae bella Numantiae, Nee durum Annibalem, nee Siculum mare CARM1NUM LIB. II. 13. 125 Poeno purpureum sanguine, mollibus Aptari citharae modis ; Nee saevos Lapithas, et nimium mero 5 Hylaeum, domitosque Herculea manu Telluris juvenes, unde periculum Fulgens contremuit domus Saturni veteris : Tuque pedestribus Dices historiis prcelia Caesaris, 10 Maecenas, melius, ductaque per vias Regum colla minantium. Me dulces dominae Musa Licymniae Cantus, me voluit dicere lucidum Fulgentes oculos, et bene mutuis 15 Fidum pectus amoribus ; Quam nee ferre pedem dedecuit choris, Nee certare joco, nee dare brachia Ludentem nitidis virginibus, sacro Dianae Celebris die. 20 Num tu, quae tenuit dives Achaemenes, Aut pinguis Phrygiae Mygdonias opes, Permutare velis crine Licymniae, Plenas aut Arabum domos ? Dum flagrantia detorquet ad oscula 25 Cervicem, aut facili saevitia negat Quae poscente magis gaudeat eripi, Interdum rapere occupet. ODE XIII. (m. xix.) IN ARBOEEM, CUJUS CASU IN AGllO SABINO PENE OPPRESSUS EST. Ille et nefasto te posuit die, Quicunque primum, et sacrilega manu Produxit, arbos, in nepotum Perniciem opprobrium que pagi. 126 Q. HORATII FLACCI Ilium et parentis crediderim sui 5 Fregisse cervicem, et penetralia Sparsisse nocturno cruore Hospitis. Ille venena Colcha, Et quicquid usquam concipitur nefas, Tractavit, agro qui statuit meo 10 Te triste lignum, te caducum In domini caput immerentis. Quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est in horas : navita Bosporum Poenus perhorrescit, neque ultra 15 Caeca timet aliunde fata : Miles sagittas et celerem fugam Parthi ; catenas Parthus et Italum Robur : sed im pro visa leti Vis rapuit rapietque gentes. 20 Quam pene furvae regna Proserpinae, Et judicantem vidimus iEacum, Sedesque discretas piorum, et iEoliis fidibus querentem Sappho puellis de popularibus, 25 Et te sonantem plenius aureo Alcaee plectro dura navis, Dura fugae mala, dura belli ! Utrumque sacro digna silentio Mirantur umbrae dicere : sed magis 30 Pugnas et exactos tyrannos Densum humeris bibit aure vulgus. Quid mirum, ubi illis carminibus stupens Demittit atras belua centiceps Aures, et intorti capillis 35 Eumenidum recreantur angues ? Quin et Prometheus et Pelopis parens Dulci laborem decipitur sono : Nee curat Orion leones, Aut timidos agitare lyncas. 40 CARMINUM LIB. II. 14. 127 ODE XIV. (m. xix.) AD POSTUMUM. Eheu ! fugaces, Postume, Postume, Labuntur anni ; nee pietas moram Rugis et instanti senectse Afferet, indomitaeque morti : Non si trecenis, quotquot eunt dies, 5 Amice, places illacrimabilem Plutona tauris ; qui ter amplum Geryonen Tityonque tristi Compescit unda, scilicet omnibus, Quicunque terrae munere vescimur, 10 Enaviganda, sive reges Sive inopes erimus coloni. Frustra cruento Marte carebimus, Fractisque rauci fluctibus Adriae ; Frustra per autumnos nocentem 15 Corporibus metuemus Austrum. Visendus ater flumine languido Cocytus errans, et Danai genus Infame, damnatusque longi Sisyphus iEolides laboris. 20 Linquenda tellus, et domus, et placens Uxor; neque harum quas colis arborum Te, praeter invisas cupressos, Ulla brevem dominum sequetur. Absumet haeres Caecuba dignior 25 Servata centum clavibus ; et mero Tinguet pavimentum superbis Pontificum potiore ccenis. 128 Q. HORATII FLACCI ODE XV. (m. xix.) Jam pauca aratro jugera regime Moles relinquent; undique latius Extenta visentur Lucrino Stagna lacu, platanusquc ccelcbs Evincet ulmos : turn violaria, et 5 Myrtus, et omnis copia narium, Spargent olive tis odorem, Fertilibus domino priori : Turn spissa ramis laurea fervidos Excludet ictus. Non ita Jtomuli 10 Praescriptum et intonsi Catonis Auspiciis, veterumque norma. Privatus illis census erat b'revis, Commune magnum : nulla decempedis Metata privatis opacam 1 5 Porticus excipiebat Arcton ; Nee fortuitum spernere cespitem Leges sinebant, oppida publico Sumtu jubentes et Deorum Templa novo decorare saxo. 20 ODE XVI. (m. xviii.) AD POMPE1UM GROSPIIUM. Otium Divos rogat in patente Prensus ^Egaeo, simul atra nubes Condidit Lunam, neque certa fulgent Sidera nautis : Otium bello furiosa Thrace, Otium Medi pharetra decori, Grosphe, non gemmis neque purpura ve- nalc, ncc auro. CARMINUM LIB. II. 16. 129 Non enim gazae, neque consularis Summovet lictor miseros tumultus 10 Mentis, et curas laqueata circum Tecta volantes. Vivitur parvo bene, cui paternum Splendet in mensa tenui salinum ; Nee leves somnos timor aut cupido 15 Sordidus aufert. Quid brevi fortes jaculamur aevo Multa ? quid terras alio calentes Sole rautamus ? patriae quis exsul Se quoque fugit ? 20 Scandit aeratas vitiosa naves Cura ; nee turraas equitum relinquit, Ocior cervis, et agente nimbos Ocior Euro. Laetus in prassens animus, quod ultra est, 25 Oderit curare, et amara lento Temperet risu. Nihil est ab omni Parte beatum. Abstulit clarum cita mors Achillem ; Longa Tithonum minuit senectus ; 30 Et mihi forsan, tibi quod negarit, Porriget Hora. Te greges centum Siculasque circum Mugiunt vaccae ; tibi tollit hinnitum Apta quadrigis equa ; te bis Afro 35 Murice tinctae Vestiunt lanae : mihi parva rura, et Spiritum Graiae tenuem Camcenae Parca non mendax dedit, et malignum Spernere vulgus. 40 130 Q. HORATII FLACCI ODE XVII. (m. xix.) AD M^CENATEM. Cuu me querelis exanimas tuis ? Nee Diis amicum est nee mihi te prius Obire, Maecenas, mearum Grande decus columenque rerum. Ah ! te meae si partem animae rapit 5 Maturior vis, quid moror altera, Nee carus aeque, nee superstes Integer ? Ille dies utramque Ducet ruinam : non ego perfidum Dixi sacramentum : ibimus, ibimus, 10 Utcunque prascedes, supremum Carpere iter comites parati. Me nee Chimaerae spiritus igneae, Nee si resurgat centimanus Gyges, Divellet unquam : sic potenti 15 Justitiag placitumque Parcis. Seu Libra, seu me Scorpius aspicit Formidolosus, pars violentior Natalis horae, seu tyrannus Hesperiae Capricornus undae ; 20 Utrumque nostrum incredibili modo Consentit astrum : te Jovis impio Tutela Saturno refulgens Eripuit, volucrisque Fati Tardavit alas, cum populus frequens 25 Laetum theatris ter crepuit sonum : Me truncus illapsus cerebro Sustulerat, nisi Faunus ictum Dextra levasset, Mercurialium Custos virorum. Reddere victimas 30 iEdemque votivam memento : Nos humilem feriemus agnam. (AllMINUM MB. II. 18. 131 ODE XVIII. (metrum xi.) Non ebur neque aureum Mea renidet in domo lacunar, Non trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas ultima recisas Africa ; neque Attali 5 Ignotus hasres regiam occupavi ; Nee Laconicas mihi Trahunt honestae purpuras elientae. At fides et ingeni Benigna vena est ; pauperemque dives 10 Me petit : nihil supra Deos lacesso ; nee potentem amicum Largiora flagito, Satis beatus unicis Sabinis. Truditur dies die, 15 Novaeque pergunt interire Lunae. Tu secanda marmora Locas sub ipsum funus, et sepulchri Immemor, struis domos; Marisque Baiis obstrepentis argues 20 Summovere littora, Parura locuples continente ripa. Quid quod usque proximos Revellis agri terminos, et ultra Limites clientium 25 Salis avarus ? pellitur paternos In sinu ferens Deos Et uxor, et vir, sordidosque natos. Nulla certior tamen Rapacis Orci fine destinata 30 Aula divitem manet Herum. Quid ultra tendis? Mqua tellus k 2 132 Q. HORATII FLACCI Pauperi recluditur, Regumque pueris ; nee satelles Orci Callidum Promethea 35 Revexit auro captus : hie superbum Tantalum, atque Tantali Genus coercet : hie levare functum Pauperem laboribus, Vocatus atque non vocatus audit. 40 ODE XIX. (m. xix.) IN BACCHUM. Bacchum in remotis carmina rupibus Vidi docentem (credite posteri) Nymphasque discentes, et aures Capripedum Satyrorum acutas. Evoe ! recenti mens trepidat metu, 5 Plenoque Bacchi pectore turbidum Laetatur. Evoe ! parce Liber, Parce, gravi metuende thyrso. Fas pervicaces est mihi Thyadas, Vinique fontem, lactis et uberes 10 Cantare rivos, atque truncis Lapsa cavis iterare mella : Fas et beatae conjugis additum Stellis honorem, tectaque Penthei Disjecta non leni ruina, 15 Thracis et exitium Lycurgi. Tu flectis amnes, tu mare barbarum : Tu separatis uvidus in jugis Nodo coerces viperino Bistonidum sine fraude crines : 20 Tu, cum parentis regna per arduum CARMINUM LIB. II. 20. 133 Cohors gigantum scanderet impia, Rhoecum retorsisti leonis Unguibus horribilisque mala : Quanquam choreis aptior et jocis 25 Ludoque dictus, non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris, sed idem Pacis eras mediusque belli. Te vidit insons Cerberus aureo Cornu decorum, leniter atterens 30 Caudam, et recedentis trilingui Ore pedes tetigitque crura. ODE XX. (m. xix.) AD M/ECENATEM. Non usitata, nee tenui ferar Penna biformis per liquidum aethera Vates ; neque in terris morabor Longius ; invidiaque major Urbes relinquam : non ego, Pauperum 5 Sanguis parentum, non ego, quern vocant, Dilecte Maecenas, obibo; Nee Stygia cohibebor unda. Jam jam residunt cruribus asperae Pelles ; et album mutor in alitem 10 Superna ; nascunturque leves Per digitos humerosque plumag : Jam Daedaleo notior Icaro Visam gementis littora Bospori Syrtesque Gaetulas canorus 15 Ales Hyperboreosque campos. Me Colchus, et qui dissimulat metum Marsae cohortis Dacus, et ultimi 134 Q. HOKATII FLACCI CARM1NUM LIB. II. 20. Noscent Geloni ; me peritus Discet Iber, Rhodanique potor. 20 Absint inani funere nsenise, Luctusque turpes, et querimoniae : Compesce clamorem, ac sepulchri Mitte supervacuos honores. Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM LIBER TERTIUS. ODE I. (m. xtx.) Odi profanum vulgus, et arceo. Favete Unguis : carmina non prius Audita Musarum sacerdos Virginibus puerisque canto. Regum timendorum in proprios greges, 5 Reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis, Clari Giganteo triumpho, Cuncta supercilio moventis. Est ut viro vir latius ordinet Arbusta sulcis ; hie generosior 10 Deseendat in Campum petitor ; Moribus hie meliorque fama Contendat ; ilia turba clientium Sit major : .ZEqua lege Necessitas Sortitur insignes et imos ; 15 Omne capax movet urna nomen. Districtus ensis era super impia Cervice pendet, non Siculse dapes Dulcem elaborabunt saporem ; Non avium citharaeque cantus 20 Somnum reducent : somnus agrestium Lenis virorum non humiles domos Fastidit, umbrosamque ripam, Non zephyris agitata Tempe. 136 Q. HORATII FLACCI Desiderantem quod satis est, neque 25 Tumultuosum solicitat mare, Nee saevus Arcturi cadentis Impetus, aut orientis Haedi : Non verberatae grandine vineae Fundusque mendax, arbore nunc aquas 30 Culpante, nunc torrentia agros Sidera, nunc hyemes iniquas. Contracta pisces aequora sentiunt, Jactis in altum molibus ; hue frequens Caementa demittit redemptor 35 Cum famulis, dominusque terrae Fastidiosus. Sed timor et minae Scandunt eodem quo dominus ; neque Decedit aerata triremi, et Post equitem sedet atra Cura. 40 Quod si dolentem nee Phrygius lapis, Nee purpurarum sidere clarior Delink usus, nee Falerna Vitis, Achaemeniumque costum : Cur invidendis postibus, et novo 45 Sublime ritu moliar atrium ? Cur valle permutem Sabina Divitias operosiores ? ODE II. (m. xix.) Angustam, amici, pauperiem pati Robustus acri militia puer Condiscat ; et Parthos feroces Vexet eques metuendus hasta ; Vitamque sub divo, et trepidis agat In rebus : ilium ex mcenibus hosticis Matrona bellantis tyranni Prospiciens, et adulta virgo, CARMINUM LIB. III. 3. 137 Suspiret, Eheu ! ne rudis agminum Sponsus lacessat regius asperum 10 Tactu leonem, quern cruenta Per medias rapit ira caedes. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori : Mors et fugacem persequitur virum ; Nee parcit imbellis juventae 15 Poplitibus, timidove tergo. Virtus, repulsas nescia sordidae, Intaminatis fulget honoribus : Nee sumit aut ponit secures Arbitrio popularis aurae. 20 Virtus, recludens immeritis mori Ccelum, negata tentat iter via; Ccetusque vulgares et udam Spernit humum fugiente penna. Est et fideli tuta silentio 25 Merces: vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae, sub iisdem Sit trabibus, fragilemve mecum Solvat phaselum. Saepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum : 30 Raro antecedentem scelestum Deseruit pede Poena claudo. ODE III. (m. xix.) Ji/stum et tenacem propositi virum, Non civium ardor prava jubentium, Non vultus instantis tyranni, Mente quatit solida, neque Auster Dux inquieti turbidus Adriae, Nee fulminantis magna manus Jovis : Si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinue. 138 Q. HORATII FLAGC1 Hac arte Pollux et vagus Hercules Enisus, arces attigit igneas ; 10 Quos inter Augustus recumbens Purpureo bibit ore nectar : Hac te merentem, Bacche pater, tuae Vexere tigres indocili jugum Collo trahentes: hac Quirinus 15 Martis equis Acheron ta fugit, Gratum elocuta consiliantibus Junone Divis : Ilion, Ilion Fatalis incestusque judex, Et mulier peregrina vertit 20 In pulverem, ex quo destituit Deos Mercede pacta Laomedon, mihi Castseque damnatum Minervge Cum populo et duce fraudulento. Jam nee Lacsense splendet adulters 25 Famosus hospes, nee Priami domus Perjura pugnaces Achivos Hectoreis opibus refringit ; Nostrisque ductum seditionibus Bellum resedit : protinus et graves 30 Iras, et invisum nepotem, Troica quern peperit sacerdos, Marti redonabo. Ilium ego lucidas Inire sedes, ducere nectaris Succos, et adscribi quietis 35 Ordinibus patiar Deorum, Dum longus inter saeviat Ilion Romamque pontus, qualibet exsules In parte regnanto beati : Dum Priami Paridisque busto 40 Insultet armentum, et catulos feraa Celent inultae ; stet Capitolium Fulgens, triumphatisque possit Roma ferox dare jura Medis. CARMINUM LIB. III. 4. 139 Horrenda late nomen in ultimas 45 Extendat oras ; qua medius liquor Secernit Europen ab Afro, Qua tumidus rigat arva Nilus : Aurum inrepertum, et sic melius si turn, Cum terra celat, spernere fortior, 50 Quam cogere humanos in usus, Omne sacrum rapiente dextra. Quicunque mundo terminus obstitit, Hunc tangat armis, visere gestiens Qua parte debacchentur ignes, 55 Qua nebulae pluviique rores. Sed bellicosis fata Quiritibus Hac lege dico, ne nimium pii, Rebusque fidentes, avitse Tecta velint reparare Trojae. 60 Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, Ducente victrices catervas Conjuge me Jovis et sorore. Ter si resurgat murus aheneus 65 Auctore Phoebo, ter pereat meis Excisus Argivis, ter uxor Capta virum puerosque ploret. Non hasc jocosae conveniunt lyrae: Quo, Musa, tendis ? desine pervicax "JO Referre sermones Deorum, et Magna modis tenuare parvis. ODE IV. (m. xix.) AD OALLIOPEN. Descende ccelo, et die age tibia Regina longum Calliope melos, 140 Q. HORATII FLACCI Seu voce nunc mavis acuta, Sue fidibus citharaque Phcebi. Auditis ? an me ludit amabilis 5 Insania ? audire et videor pios Errare per lucos, amcenae Quos et aquae subeunt et aurae. Me fabulosae Vulture in Appulo, Nutricis extra limen Apuliae, 10 Ludo fatigatumque somno, Fronde nova puerum palumbes Texere ; mirum quod fbret omnibus, Quicunque celsae nidum Acherontise, Saltusque Bantinos, et arvum 15 Pingue tenent humilis Ferenti, Ut tuto ab atris corpore viperis Dormirem et ursis ; ut premerer sacra Lauroque, collataque myrto, Non sine Diis animosus infans. 20 Vester, Camcense, vester in arduos Tollor Sabinos ; seu mihi frigidum Praeneste, seu Tibur supinum, Seu liquidae placuere Baiae. Vestris amicum fontibus et choris, 25 Non me Philippis versa acies retro, Devota non extinxit arbos, Nee Sicula Palinurus unda. Utcunque mecum vos eritis, libens Insanientem navita Bosporum 30 Tentabo, et arentes arenas Littoris Assyrii viator : Visam Britannos hospitibus feros, Et laetum equino sanguine Concanum : Visam pharetratos Gelonos 35 Et Scythicum inviolatus amnem. Vos Caesarem altum, militia simul Fessas cohortes abdidit oppidis, CARMINUM LIB. III. 4. 141 Finire quaerentem labores, Pierio recreatis antro. n 40 Vos lene consilium et datis, et dato Gaudetis almae. Scimus ut impios Titanas immanemque turmam Fulmine sustulerit caduco, Qui terram inertem, qui mare temperat 45 Ventosum, et urbes, regnaque tristia, Divosque, mortalesque turbas Imperio regit unus aequo. Magnum ilia terrorem intulerat Jovi Fidens juventus horrida brachiis, 50 Fratresque tendentes opaco Pelion imposuisse Olympo. Sed quid Typhoeus et validus Mimas, Aut quid minaci Porphyrion statu, Quid Rhoecus, evulsisque truncis 55 Enceladus jaculator audax, Contra sonantem Palladis aegida Possent ruentes ? Hinc avidus stetit Vulcanus, hinc matrona Juno, et Nunquam humeris positurus arcum, 60 Qui rore puro Castaliae lavit Crines solutos, qui Lyciae tenet Dumeta natalemque silvam, Delius et Patareus Apollo. Vis consili expers mole ruit sua : 65 Vim temperatam Dii quoque provehunt In majus ; idem odere vires Omne nefas animo moventes. Testis mearum centimanus Gyges Sententiarum, notus et integraa 70 Tentator Orion Dianae, Virginea domitus sagitta. Injecta monstris terra dolet suis ; Mceretque partus fulmine luridum 142 a, HORATIT FLACCI Missos ad Orcum : nee peredit 75 Impositam celer ignis JEtnam ; Incontinentis nee Tityi jecur Relinquit ales, nequitise additus Custos : amatorem trecentse Pirithoum cohibent catenae. 80 ODE V. (m. xix). Ccelo tonantem credidimus Jovem Regnare : praesens Divus habebitur Augustus, adjectis Britannis Imperio, gravibusque Persis. Milesne Crassi conjuge barbara 5 Turpis maritus vixit ? et hostium (Pro curia, inversique mores!) Consenuit socerorum in arvis, Sub rege Medo, Marsus et Appulus, Anciliorum, et nominis, et togse 10 Oblitus, asternaeque Vestae, Incolumi Jove, et urbe Roma ? Hoc caverat mens provida Reguli, Dissentientis conditionibus Fcedis, et exemplo trahenti 15 Perniciem veniens in aevum ; Si non perirent immiserabiles, Captiva pubes. Signa ego Punicis Affixa delubris, et arma Militibus sine caede, dixit, 20 Derepta vidi : vidi ego civium Retorta tergo brachia libero, Portasque non clausas, et arva Marte coli populata nostro. CAKMINUR1 LIB. III. 5. 143 Auro repensus scilicet acrior 25 Miles redibit ? flagitio additis Damnum. Nkque amissos colores Lana refer t medicata fuco ; Nee vera virtus, cum semel excidit, Curat reponi deterioribus. 30 Si pugnat extricata densis Cerva plagis, erit ille fortis, Qui perfidis se credidit hostibus; Et Marte Pcenos proteret altero, Qui lora restrictis lacertis <°>5 Sensit iners, timuitque mortem. Hie unde vitam sumeret inscius, Pacem duello miscuit. O pudor ! O magna Carthago probrosis Altior Italia? minis ! 40 Fertur pudicae conjugis osculum, Parvosque natos, ut capitis minor, Ab se removisse, et virilem Torvus humi posuisse vultum ; Donee labantes consilio patres 45 Firmaret auctor nunquam alias dato, Interque moerentes amicos Egregius properaret exsul. Atqui sciebat quae sibi barbarus Tortor pararet : non aliter tamen 50 Dimovit obstantes propinquos, Et populum reditus morantem, Quam si clientum longa negotia Dijudicata lite relinqueret, Tendens Venafranos in agros, 55 Aut Lacedaemonium Tarentum. 144 a HORATII FLACCI ODE VI. (m. xix.) AD ROMANOS. Delicta majorum immeritus lues, Romane, donee templa refeceris, iEdesque labentes Deorum, et Foeda nigro simulacra fumo. Diis te minorem quod geris, imperas : 5 Hinc omne principium, hue refer exitum. Di multa neglecti dederunt Hesperiae mala luctuosae. Jam bis Monaeses, et Pacori manus Non auspicatos contudit impetus 10 Nostros ; et adjecisse praedam Torquibus exiguis renidet. Pene, occupatam seditionibus, Delevit urbem Dacus et iEthiops; Hie classe formidatus, ille 15 Missilibus melior sagittis. Foecunda culpae saecula nuptias Primum inquinavere, et genus et domos : Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit. 20 Motus doceri gaudet Ionicos Matura virgo ; et fingitur artubus Jam nunc, et incestos am ores De tenero meditatur ungui: Mox juniores quaerit adulteros 25 Inter mariti vina, neque eligit Cui donet impermissa raptim Gaudia, luminibus remotis; Sed jussa coram non sine conscio Surgit marito, seu vocat institor, 30 Seu navis Hispanae magister, Dedecorum pretiosus emtor. I ARMIXDM LIB. Ill 7- 3 1-j Now his juvenilis orta parentibus In fecit a?quor sanguine Punico ; Pyrrhumque et ingentem cecidit o'j Antiochum Annibalemque durum : Sed rusticorum mascula militum Proles, Sabellis docta ligonibus Versare glebas, et severs Matris ad arbitrium recisos 40 Portare fustes ; sol ubi montium Mutaret umbras, etjiiga demeret Bonus fatigatis amicum Tempus agens abeunte curru. Damnosa quid non imminuit dies ? 4-j .-Etas parentum pejor avis tulit Xos nequiores, mox daturos Progeniem vitiosiorera. ODE VII. (m. xvii.) AD ASTERIEM Quid fles, Asterie, quern tihi candidi Primo restituent vere Favonii. Thyna meree beatum, Constantis juvenem fide Gygen? ille Xotis actus ad Oricum 5 Pose insana Caprae sidera, frigidas Noctes non sine multis Insomnis lacrimis agit. Atqui solicits nuntius hospita?, Su^pirare Chloen, et miseram tuis 10 Dicens ignibus uri, Tentat mille vafer modis: 146 Q. H0RAT1I FLACCI Ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, nimis Casto Bellerophonti 15 Maturare necem, refert. Narrat pene datum Pelea Tartaro, Magnessam Hippolyten dum fugit abstinens : Et peccare docentes Fallax historias mo vet ; . 20 Frustra: nam scopulis surdior Icari Voces audit adhuc integer. At tibi Ne vicinus Enipeus Plus justo placeat, cave. Quamvis non alius flectere equum sciens 25 Mque conspicitur gramme Martio ? Nee quisquam citus aeque Tusco denatat alveo, Prima nocte domum claude, neque in vias Sub cantu querulae despice tibiae ; 30 Et te saepe vocanti Duram, difficilis mane. ODE VIII. (m. xTi'irJ AD M^CENATEM. Martiis ccelebs quid agam Calendis, Quid velint flores et acerra turis Plena, miraris, positusque carbo in Cespite vivo, Docte sermones utriusque linguae, Voveram dulces epulas, et album Libero caprum, prope funeratus Arboris ictu. CARMJNUM LIIS. TTT. }). 147 I lie dies, anno redeunte festus, Corticem astrictum pice dimovebit 10 Amphorae fumum bibere institute Consule Tullo. Snmc, Maecenas, cyathos amici Sospitis centum; et vigiles lucernas - Perfer in lucem : procul omnis esto IS Clamor et ira. Mitte civiles super urbe curas : Occidit Daci Cotisonis agmen ; Medus infestus sibi luctuosis Dissidet armis ; 20 Servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber, sera domitus catena; Jam Scythae laxo meditantur arcu Cedere campis. Negligens, ne qua populus laboret, 25 Parce privatus nimium cavere : Dona praesentis cape laetus horae, et Linque severa. ODE IX. (m. xv.) AD LYDIAM. Hor. Donec gratus eram tibi, Nee quisquam potior brachia Candida? Cervici juvenis dabat, Persarum vigui rege beatior. Ltd. Donee non alia magis 5 Arsisti, neque erat Lydia post Chloen, Multi Lydia nominis Romana vigui clarior Ilia. Hor. Me nunc Thressa Chloe regit, Dulces docta modos, et citharae sciens; 10 148 Q. HORATir FLAOCr Pro qua nan metuam mori, Si parcent animae fata supers titi. Lyd. Me torret face mutua Thurini Calais filius Ornyti ; Pro quo bis patiar mori, 1 5 Si parcent puero fata supers titi. Hor. Quid si prisca redit Venus, Diductosque jugo cogit aheneo? Si flava excutitur Chloe, Rejectaeque patet janua Lydiae? 20 Lyi>. Quanquam sidere pulchrior Ille est, tu levior cortice, et improbo Iracundior Adria , Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam libens, ODE X. (m. xvi.) AD LYCEN. Extremum Tanain si biberes, Lyce, Saevo nupta viro, me tamen asperas Porrectum ante fores objicere incolis Plorares Aquilonibus. Audis quo strepitu janua, quo nemus 5 Inter pulcbra satum tecta remugiat Ventis, et positas ut glaciet. nives Puro numine Jupiter? Ingratam Veneri pone superbiam, Ne currente rota funis eat retro. 10 Non te Penelopen difficilem procis Tyrrlienus genuit parens. O, quamvis neque te munera, nee preces, Nee tinctus viola pallor amantium, Nee vir Pieria pellice saucius 15 Curvat ; supplicibus tuis CAKMINUM LIB. III. 11. Parcas, ncc rigida mollior tesculo, Nee Mauris animum mitior anguibus: Son hoc semper erit liminis aut aqiue Caslestis patiens latus. • 20 ODE XI. (m. xvi u.) AD MERCURIUM. Mercuui (nam te docilis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo) Tuque Testudo resonare septem Callida nervis, Nee loquax olim neque grata, nunc et 5 Divitum mensis et arnica templis, Die modos, Lyde quibus obstinatas Applicet aures : Quae, velut latis equa trima cam pis, Ludit exsultim, metuitque tangi, 10 Nuptiarum expers, et adhuc protervo Cruda marito. Tu potes tigres comitesque sylvas Ducere, et rivos celeres morari : Cessit immanis tibi blandienti 15 Janitor aulae Cerberus ; quamvis furiale centum Muniant angues caput ejus, atque Spiritus teter saniesque manet Ore trilingui. 20 Quin et Ixion, Tityosque vultu Risit invito : stetit urna paulum Sicca, dum grato Danai puellas Carmine mulces. Audiat Lyde seel us atque notas 25 Virginum ptjenas, et inane lympha? J50 Q. H0RATII FLACGI Dolium fundo pereuntis irao, Seraque fata, Quae manent culpas etiam sub Oreo : Impiae (nam quid potuere majus ?) 30 Impiae sponsos potuere duro Perdere ferro. Una de multis, face nuptiali Digna, perjurum fuit in parentem Splendide mendax, et in omne virgo 35 Nobilis aevum : Surge, quae dixit juveni marito, Surge, ne longus tibi somnus, wide Non times, detur : socerum et scelestas Falle sorores ; 40 Quae, velut nactae vitulos leaenae, Singulos, eheu ! lacerant : ego illis Mollior, nee te feriam, neque intra Claustra tenebo. Me pater saevis oneret catenis, 45 Quod viro clemens misero peperci : Me vel extremos Numidarum in agros Classe releget. I, pedes quo te rapiunt et aurae; Dum favet nox, et Venus ; i secundo 50 Omine ; et nostri memorem sepulchro Scalpe querelam. ODE XII. (metkum xii.) AJ) NEOEULEN. Misekaiium est, nee amori dare ludum, neque dulci Mala vino lavere ; aut exanimari mctuentes Patruae verbera linguae. Tibi qualum Cythcreae puer ales, tibi telas ( AltMINUM LIB. III. 13. 14. 151 Opcrosaeque Minerva* studium aufcrt, Ncobulc, 5 Liparaei nitor Hebri ; Simul unctos Tiberinis hurueros lavit in undis Eques ipso melior Bellerophonte, neque pugno Neque segni pede victus : Catus idem per apertum fugientcs agitato 10 Grege cervos jaculari, et celer arcto latitantem Fruticeto excipere aprum. ODE XIII. (m. xvii.) AD FONTEM BANDUSLE. O fons Bandusiae, splendidior vitro, Dulci digne mero, non sine floribus, Cras donaberis hsedo, Cui frons turgida cornibus Primis et Venerem et prcelia destinat, 5 Frustra ; nam gelidos inficiet tibi Rubro sanguine rivos Lascivi suboles gregis. Te flagrantis atrox hora Canicula3 Nescit tangere : tu frigus amabile 10 Fessis vomere tauris Prsebes, et pecori vago. Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium, Me dicente cavis impositam ilicem Saxis, unde loquaces 1 5 Lymphae desiliunt tuae. ODE XIV. (m. xviii.) DE REDITU AUGUSTI, Heuculis ritu modo dictus, O plebs, Morte venalem petiisse laurum, 152 Q. HOltATII FLACC1 Caesar Hispana repetit penatcs Victor ab ora. Unico gaudens mulier marito, 5 Prodeat, justis operata Divis ; Et soror clari ducis, et decorae Supplice vitta Virginum matres, juvenumque nuper Sospitum : vos O pueri, et puellae 1 Jam virum expertae, male inominatis Parcite verbis. Hie dies vere mihi festus atras Eximet curas: ego nee tumultum, Nee mori per vim metuam, tenente 15 Caesare terras. I, pete unguentum, puer, et coronas, Et cadum Marsi memorem duelli ; Spartacum siqua potuit vagantem Fallere testa. 20 Die et argutae properet Neaerae Myrrheum nodo cohibere crinem : Si per invisum mora janitorem Fiet, abito. Lenit albescens animos capillus 25 Litium et rixae cupidos proteryae. Non ego hoc ferrem, calidus juventa, Consule Planco. ODE XV. (m. xv.) IN CHLOKIM. Uxor pauperis Ibyci, Tandem nequitiae flge modum tuas ? Famosisque laboribus : Maturo propior desine funeri CAKMINITM LIB. III. lfi. 153 Inter ludere virgines, 5 Et stellis ncbulara spargere candidis. Non, si quid Pholoen satis, Et te, Chlori, decet : filia rcctius Expugnat juvenum domos, Pulso Thyas uti concita tympano. 10 Illam cogit amor Nothi Lascivae similem ludere capreae: Te lanae prope nobilem Tonsae Luceriam, non citharae decent, Nee flos purpureus rosae, 15 Nee poti vetulam faece tenus cadi. ODE XVI. (m. xvi.) AD M.ECENATEM. Inclusam Danaen turris ahenea, Robustaeque fores, et vigilum canum Tristes excubiae munierant satis Nocturnis ab adulteris ; Si non Acrisium, virginis abditae 5 Custodem pavidum, Jupiter et Venus Risissent : fore enim tutum iter et patens, Converso in pretium Deo. Aurum per medios ire satellites, Et perrumpere amat saxa, potentius 10 Ictu fulmineo : concidit auguris Argivi dornus, ob lucrum Demersa exitio : diffidit urbium Portas vir Macedo, et submit aamulos Rcgcs muneribus : munera navium 15 Saevos illaqueant duces. Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam, Majorumque fames; jure perhorrui 154) ^. HOltATlI FLACCI Late conspicuum tollere verticem, Maecenas, equitum decus. 20 Quail to quisque sibi plura negaverit, A Diis plura feret. Nil cupientium Nudus castra peto; et transfuga, divitum Partes linquere gestio, Contemtae dominus splendidior rei, 25 Quam si quicquid arat impiger Appulus Occultare meis dicerer horreis, Magnas inter opes inops. Purae rivus aquae silvaque jugerum Paueorum, et segetis certa fides meae, 30 Fulgentem imperio fertilis Africae Fallit sorte beatior. Quamquam nee Calabrae mella ferunt apes, Nee Laestrygonia Bacchus in amphora Languescit mihi, nee pinguia Gallicis 35 Crescunt vellera pascuis ; Importuna tamen pauperies abest : Nee, si plura velim, tu dare deneges. Contracto melius parva cupidine Vectigalia porrigam, 40 Quam si Mygdoniis regnum Alyattei Campis continuem. Multa petentibus Desunt multa. Bene est cui Deus obtulit Parca quod satis est manu. ODE XVII. (m.xix.) AD .ELIUM LAMIAM. Mli, vetusto nobilis ab Lamo, (Quando et priores hinc Lamias ferunt Denominates, et nepotum Per memores genus omne fkstos CAKMINUM LIT,. HI. It*. 155 Auctorc ab illo ducit originem,) 5 Qui Formiarum moenia dicitur Princeps, et innantcm Maricae Littoribus tenuisse Lirim Late tyrannus, eras foliis nemus Multis et alga littus inutili 10 Demissa tempestas ab Euro Sternet, aquae nisi fallit augur Annosa cornix. Dum potis, aridum Compone lignum: eras genium mero Curabis, et porco bimestri, 15 Cum famuli s operum solutis. ODE XVIII. (m. xviii.) AD FAUNUM. FAUNEj.Nympharum fugientum amator, Per meos fines et aprica rura Lenis incedas, abeasque parvis iEquus alumnis : Si tener pleno cadit hcedus anno, 5 Larga nee desunt Veneris sodali Vina craterae ; vetus ara multo Fumat odore. Ludit herboso pecus omne campo, Cum tibi Nonas redeunt Decembres : 10 Festus in pratis vacat otioso Cum bove pagus: Inter audaces lupus errat agnos: Spargit agrestes tibi silva frondes : Gaudet invisam pepulisse fossor 15 Ter pede terrain. 156 Q. HOltATlI FLACCI ODE XIX. (M. XV.) AD TELEPHUM. Quantum distet ab Inacho Codrus, pro patria non timidus mori, N arras, et genus iEaci, Et pugnata sacro bella sub II io : Quo Chium pretio cadum 5 Mercemur ; quis aquam temperet ignibus ; Quo praebente domum, et quota, Pelignis caream frigoribus, taces. Da Lunae propere novae, Da Noctis mediae, da, puer, auguris 10 Muraenae ; tribus aut novem Miscentur cyathis pocula commodis. Qui Musas amat impares, Ternos ter cyathos attonitus petet Vates: tres prohibet supra 15 Rixarum metuens tangere Gratia, Nudis juncta sororibus. Insanire juvat: cur Berecyntiae Cessant flamina tibiae? Cur pendet tacita fistula cum lyra ? 20 Parcentes ego dexteras Odi : sparge rosas : audiat invidus Dementem strepitum Lycus, Et vicina seni non habilis Lyco. Spissa te nitidum coma, 25 Puro te similem, Telephe, Vespero Tempestiva petit Chloe : Me lentus Glycerae torret amor meae, CABMfNUM LIB. ITT. lO. 21. 157 ODE XX. (m. xviii.) AD PYRRHTJM. Non vides quanto moveas periclo, Pyrrbe, Gietulae catulos leaena? ? Dura post paulo fugies inaudax Proelia raptor ; Cum per obstantes juvenum catervas 5 Ibit insignem repetens Nearcbum: Grande certamen tibi praeda cedat •Major, an 1111- Interim, dum tu celeres sagittas Promis, baec dentes acuit timendos ; 10 Arbiter pugnae posuisse nudo Sub pede palmam Fertur, et leni recreare vento Sparsum odoratis humerum capillis; Qualis aut Nireus fuit, aut aquosa 15 Raptus ab Ida. ODE XXI. (m xix, AD AMPHORAM. O nat a mecum eonsule Manlio, Seu tu querelas, sive geris jocos, Seu rixam et insanos amores, Seu facilem, pia testa, somnum ; Quocunque lectum nomine Massicum 5 Servas, moveri digna bono die, Descende, Corvino jubente, Promere languidiora vina. Non ille, quanquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus, te negliget borridus : 10 158 Q. HORATII F LAC CI Narratur et prisci Catonis Saepe mero caluisse virtus. Tu lene tormentum ingenio aclinoves Plerumque duro : tu sapientium Curas et arcanum jocoso 15 Consilium retegis Lyaeo: Tu spem reducis mentibus anxiis, Viresque ; et addis cornua pauperi, Post te nee iratos trementi Regum apices, neque militum arm a. 20 Te Liber, et si laeta aderit Venus, Segnesque nodum solvere Gratiae, Vivseque producent lucernae, Dum rediens fugat astra Phoebus, ODE XXII. (m. xviii.) IN DIANAM. Montium custos nemorumque, Virgo, Quae laborantes utero puellas Ter vocata audis, adimisque leto, Diva triform is ; Imminens villae tua pinus esto, Quam per exactos ego laetus annos Verris obliquum meditantis ictum Sanguine donem. ODE XXIII. (m. xix.) AD PHIDYLEN. Ccelo supinas si tuleris manus Nascente Luna, rustica Phidyle ; Si thure placaris et horna Fruge Lares, avidaque porca; CARMINUM LTIi. III. 24. 159 Nee pestilentem sentict Africum 5 Foecunda vitis, ncc stcrilem scges Kubiginem, aut dulces alumni Pomifero grave tempus anno. Nam, quae nivali pascitur Algido Devota quercus inter et ilices, 10 Aut crescit Albanis in herbis Victim a, pontificum secures Cervice tinguet: te nihil attinet Ten tare multa caede bidentium Parvos coronantem marino 15 Rore Deos fragilique myrto. Immunis aram si tetigit manus, Non sumtuosa blandior hostia Mollivit aversos penates Farre pio, et saliente mica. 20 ODE XXIV. (m. xv.) Ixtactis opulentior Thesauris Arabum ct divitis India?, Caementis licet occupes Tyrrhenum omne tuis et mare Apulicum ; Si figit aclamantinos 5 Summis verticibus dira Necessitas Clavos, non animum metu, Non mortis laqueis expedies caput. Campestres melius Scytha?, Quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt domos, 10 Vivunt, et rigidi Getae, Immetata quibus jugera liberas Fruges et Cererem ferunt ; Nee cultura placet longior annua ; Defunctumque laboribus 15 yEquali recreat sorte vicarius. 1G0 Q. HORATTI FLACC1 II lie matre carentibus Privignis mulier temperat innocens : Nee dotata regit virum Conjux, nee nitido fidit adultcro. 20 Dos est magna parentium Virtus, et metuens alterius viri Certo fcedere castitas, Et peccare nefas, aut pretium emori. O qnisquis volet impias 25 Caedes et rabiem tollere civicam ; Si quaeret Pater urbium Subscribi statuis, indomitam audeat R efraenare licen tiara , Clarus postgenitis : quatemis (heu nefas !) 30 Virtutem incolumem odimus, Sublatam ex oculis quaerimus invidi. Quid tristes querimonise, Si non supplicio culpa reciditur? Quid leges sine moribus 35 Vanae proficiunt ? si neque fervidis Pars inclusa caloribus Mundi, nee Boreae finitimum latus, Durataeque solo nives Mercatorem abigunt ; horrida callidi 40 Vincunt sequora navitae ; Magnum pauperies opprobrium jubet Quidvis et facere et pati, Virtutisque viam deserit arduae. Vel nos in Capitolium, 45 Quo clamor vocat et turba faventium, Vel nos in mare proximum Gemmas et lapides, aurum et inutile, Summi materiem mali, Mittamus, scelerum si bene poenitet* 50 Eradenda cupidinis Pravi sunt elementa; ettenerae nimis CARMTNUM LIB. III. 25. 1G1 Mentes asperioribus Formanda? studiis : nescit equo rudis Haerere ingenuus puer, 55 Venarique timet, ludere doctior Seu Graeco jubeas trocho, Seu malis vetita legibus alea ; Cum perjura patris fides Consortem, socium fallat, et hospitem* 60 Indignoque pecuniam Hseredi properet. Scilicet improbse Crescunt divitiae; tamen Curtae nescio quid semper abest reh ODE XXV. (m. xv.) AD BACCHUM. Quo me, Bacche, rapis tui Plenum ! quae nemora aut quos agor in specus, Velox mente nova ! quibus Antris egregii Caesaris audiar Sternum meditans decus 5 Stellis inserere et concilio Jovis ! Dicam insigne, recens, adhuc Indictum ore alio. Non secus in jugis Exsomnis stupet Evias, Hebrum prospiciens, et nive candidam 10 Thracen, ac pede barbaro Lustratam Rhodopen. Ut mihi devio Ripas et vacuum nemus Mirari libet ! O Naiadum potens, Baccharumque valentium 15 Proceras manibus vertere fraxinos, Nil parvum aut humili modo, Nil mortale loquar. Dulce periculum est, M 162 Q. HORATII FLACCI O Lenaee, sequi Deum Cingentem viridi tempora pampino. 20 ODE XXVI. (m. xix.) AD VENEREM. Vixi puellis nuper idoneus, Et militavi non sine gloria ; Nunc arma defunctumque bello Barbiton hie paries habebit 5 Laevum marinae qui Veneris latus 5 Custodit. Hie, hie ponite lucida Funalia et vectes et arcus Oppositis foribus minaces. O quae beatum Diva tenes Cyprum et Memphin carentem Sithonia nive 10 Regina, sublimi flagello Tange Chloen semel arrogantem. ODE XXVII. (m. xviii.) AD GALATEAM. Impios parrae recinentis omen Ducat, et pr&gnans canis, aut ab agro Rava decurrens lupa Lanuvino, Fcetaque vulpes ; Rumpat et serpens iter institutum, 5 Si per obliquum similis sagittse Terruit mannos. Ego cui timebo Providus auspex, Antequam stantes repetat paludes Imbrium divina avis imminentum, 10 Oscinem corvum prece suscitabo Solis ab ortu. A&MTNUM LIE. TIT. 27. UhJ Sis licet felix ubicimque mavis, Et memor nostri, Galatea, vivas : Teque nee laevus vetat ire picus, 15 Nee vaga cornix. Sed vides quanto trepidet tumultu Pronus Orion ! ego quid sit ater Adriae novi sinus, et quid albus Peccet Iapyx. 20 Hostium uxores puerique caecos Sentiant motus orientis Austri, et vEquoris nigri fremitum, et trementes Verbere ripas. Sic et Europe niveum doloso 25 Credidit tauro latus, et scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax. Nuper in pratis studiosa florum, et Debitae Nymphis opifex coronae, 30 Nocte sublustri nihil astra praeter Vidit et undas : Quae simul centum tetigit potentem Oppidis Creten, Pater O relictum Filiae nomen, pietasque, dixit, 35 Victa furore ! Unde ? quo veni ? levis una mors est Virginum culpae. Vigilansne ploro Turpe commissum ? an vitio carentem Ludit imago 40 Vana, quae porta fugiens eburna Somnium ducit ? meliusne fluctus Ire per longos fuit, an recentes Carpere flores ? Si quis infamem mihi nunc juvencura 45 Dedat iratae, lacerare ferro et Frangere enitar modo multum amati Cornua monstri. m2 164 Q. HORATII FLACC1 Impudens liqui patrios penates, Impudens Orcum moror. O Deorum Si quis hsec audis ! utinam inter errem Nuda leones. Antequam turpis macies decentes Occupet malas, tenerseque succus Defluat praedse, speciosa queero Pascere tigres. Vilis Europe, pater urguet absens. Quid mori cessas ? potes hac ab orno Pendulum zona bene te secuta e- lidere collum : 60 Sive te rupes et acuta leto Saxa delectant ; age, te procellse Crede veloci : nisi herile mavis Carpere pensum, Regius sanguis, dominseque tradi 65 Barbaras pellex. Aderat querenti Perfidum ridens Venus, et remisso Fiiius arcu. Mox ubi lusit satis, Abstineto, Dixit, irarum calidseque rixaa, 7^ Cum tibi invisus laceranda reddet Cornua taurus. Uxor invicti Jovis esse nescis ? Mitte singultus ; bene ferre magnam Disce fortunam : tua sectus orbis *J5 Nomina ducet. ODE XXVIII. (m. xv.) AD LYDEN. Festo quid potius die Neptuni faciam ? Prome reconditum, Lyde strenua, Csecubum, Munitaeque adhibe vim sapientiae. CARM1NUM LIB. III. 2 ( J. 165 Inclinare meridiem 5 Sentis ; ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere horreo Cessantem Bibuli consulis amphoram. Nos cantabimus invicem Neptunum, et virides Nereidum comas : 10 Tu curva recines lyra Latonam, et celeris spicula Cynthiae: Summo carmine, quas Cnidon Fulgentesque tenet Cycladas, et Paphon Junctis visit oloribus : 15 Dicetur merita Nox quoque naenia. ODE XXIX. (m. xix. AD 5LECENATEM. Tvrrhena regum progenies, tibi Non ante verso lene merum cado Cum flore, Maecenas, rosarum, et Pressa tuis balanus capillis Jamdudum apud me est : eripe te morae ; 5 Ut semper-udum Tibur et JEsulae Declive contempleris arvum, et Telegoni juga parricidae. Fastidiosam desere copiam, et Molem propinquam riubibus arduis : 10 Omitte mirari beatae Fumum et opes strepitumque Romas. Plerumque gratae divitibus vices, Mundaeque parvo sub lare pauperum Ccenae, sine aulaeis et ostro, 15 Solicitam explicuere frontem. Jam clarus occultum Andromedae pater Ostendit ignem ; jam Procyon furit, 166 Q. HORATII FLACC'l Et stella vesani Leonis, Sole dies referente siccos. 20 Jam pastor umbras cum grege languid© Rivumque fessus quaerit, et horridi Dumeta Silvani ; caretque Ripa vagis tacituraa ventis. Tu civitatem quis deceat status, 25 Curas ; et urbi solicitus times, Quid Seres et regnata Cyro Bactra parent, Tanaisque discors. Prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginosa nocte premit Deus ; 30 Ridetque, si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat. Quod adest, memento Componere sequus : caetera fluminis Ritu feruntur, nunc medio alveo Cum pace delabentis Etruscum 35 In mare, nunc lapides adesos, Stirpesque raptas, et pecus, et domos, Volventis una, non sine montium Clamore vicinaeque silvae, Cum fera diluvies quietos 40 Irritat amnes. Ille potens sui Lsetusque deget, cui licet in diem Dixisse, Vixi : eras vel atra Nube polum Pater occupato, Vel sole puro : non tamen irritum, 45 Quodcunque retro est, efficiet ; neque Diffinget infectumque reddet, Quod fugiens semel hora vexit Fortuna, saevo laeta negotio, et Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax, 50 Transmutat incertos honores, Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna. Laudo manentem : si celeres quatit Pennas, resigno quae dedit, et mea CARMINUM LIB. III. 30. 167 Yirtute me involve-, probamque 55 Pauperiem sine dote quaero. Non est meum, si mugiat Africis Malus procellis, ad miseras preces Decurrere et votis pacisci, Ne Cyprise Tyriaeque merces 60 Addant avaro divitias mari : Turn me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per iEgaaos tumultus Aura feret, geminusque Pollux. ODE XXX. (m. xiv.) Exegi monumentum aere perennius, Regalique situ Pyramidum altius : Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotens Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis Annorum series, et fuga temporum. 5 Non omnis moriar, multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinam. Usque ego postera Crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium Scandet cum tacita virgine pontifex. Dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus, 10 Et qua pauper aquae Daunus agrestium Regnavit populorum, ex humili potens, Princeps iEolium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos. Sume superbiam Quaesitam meritis, et mihi Delphica 15 Lauro cinge volens, Melpomene, comam. Q. HORATII FLACCX EPISTOLAEUM LIBER PRIMUS. EPISTOLA L AD M^ECENATEM. Prima dicte mihi, summa dicende Camcena, Spectatum satis, et donatum jam rude, quaeris, Maecenas, iterum antiquo me includere ludo. Non eadem est aetas, non mens. Veianius armis. Herculis ad postern fixis, latet abditus agro, 5 Ne populum extrema toties exoret arena. Est mihi purgatam crebro qui personet aurem ; Solve senescentem mature sanus equum, ne Peccet ad extremum ridendus, et ilia ducat. Nunc itaque et versus et caetera ludicra pono : 10 Quid verum atque decens, euro et rogo, et omnis in hoc Condo et compono quae mox depromere possim. [sum : Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter : Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri, Quo me cumque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes. 15 Nunc agilis fio, et mersor civilibus undis, Virtutis verse custos rigidusque satelles : Nunc in Aristippi furtim praecepta relabor, Et mihi res, non me rebus subjungere conor. Ut nox longa, quibus mentitur arnica, diesque 20 Lenta videtur opus debentibus ; ut piger annus Pupillis, quos dura premit custodia matrum : Sic mihi tarda iluunt ingrataque tempora, quae spem Consiliumque morantur agendi gnaviter id quod EP1ST0LA1UTM LIB. I. 1. 169 yEque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque, 25 JEque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit. Restat ut his ego me ipse regam solerque elementis: Non possis oculo quantum contendere Lynceus, Non tamen idcirco contemnas lippus inungui ; Nee, quia desperes invicti membra Glyconis, 30 Nodosa corpus nolis prohibere cheragra. Est quadam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra. Fervet avaritia miseroque cupidine pectus ? Sunt verba et voces, quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis, et magnam morbi deponere partem. 35 Laudis amore tumes? sunt certa piacula, quae te Ter pure lecto poterunt recreare libello. Invidus, iracundus, iners, vinosus, amator, Nemo adeo ferus est ut non mitescere possit, Si modo culturae patientem commodet aurem. 40 Virtus est vitium fugere, et sapientia prima Stultitia caruisse. Vides, quas maxima credis Esse mala, exiguum censum, turpemque repulsam, Quanto devites animo capitisque labore : Impiger extremos curris mercator ad Indos, 45 Per mare pauperiem fugiens, per saxa, per ignes : Ne cures ea quae stulte miraris et optas, Discere et audire et meliori credere non vis ? Quis circum pagos et circum compita pugnax, Magna coronari contemnat Olympia, cui spes, 50 Cui sit conditio dulcis sine pulvere palmae ? Vilius argentum est auro, virtutibus aurum. O cives, cives quaerenda pecunia primum est, Virtus post nummos. Haec Janus summus ab imo Prodocet : haec recinunt juvenes dictata senesque, 55 Loevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto. Est animus tibi, sunt mores, est lingua fidesque : Sed quadringentis sex, septem millia desint; Plebs eris. At pueri ludentes, Rex eris, aiunt, Si recte facies. Hie murus aheneus esto, 60 170 Q,. HOllATII FLACCI Nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culpa. Roscia (die sodes) melior lex, an puerorum est Naenia, quae regnum recte facientibus offert, Et maribus Curiis et decantata Camillis ? Isne tibi melius suadet, qui, Rem facias; rem, 65 Si possis, recte; si non, quocunque modo rem, Ut propius spectes lacrimosa poemata Pupi : An qui fortunae te responsare superbae Liberum et erectum praesens hortatur et aptat? Quod si me populus Romanus forte roget, cur *J0 Non, ut porticibus, sic judiciis fruar iisdem, Nee sequar, aut fugiam, quae diligit ipse, vel odit : Olim quod vulpes aegroto cauta leoni Respondit, referam : Quia me vestigia terrent Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum. *J5 Belua multorum es capitum : nam quid sequar ? aut quern ? Pars hominum gestit conducere publica : sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras, Excipiantque senes, quos in vivaria mittant : Multis occulto crescit res fcenore. Verum 80 Esto aliis alios rebus studiisque teneri ; Iidem eadem possunt horam durare probantes? Nullus in orbe sinus Baiis prselucet amcenis, Si dixit dives, lacus et mare sentit amorem Festinantis heri; cui si vitiosa libido 85 Fecerit auspicium, eras ferramenta Teanum Tolletis, fabri. Lectus genialis in aula est ? Nil ait esse prius, melius nil ccelibe vita ; Si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis. Quo teneam vultus mutantem Protea nodo ? 90 Quid pauper ? ride : mutat ccenacula, lectos, Balnea, tonsores; conducto navigio aeque Nauseat ac locuples, quern ducit priva triremis. Si curatus inaequali tonsore capillos Occurri, rides: si forte subucula pexae 95 Trita subest tunicas, vel si toga dissidet impar, Rides: quid, mea cum pugnat sententia secum? EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 2. 171 Quod petiit, spernit, repetit quod nuper omisit? iEstuat, et vitoe disconvenit ordine toto ? Diruit, aodificat, mutat quadrata rotundis ? 100 Insanire putas solennia me, neque rides, Nee medici credis nee curatoris egere A pra^tore dati, rerum tutela mearum Cum sis, et prave sectum stomacheris ob unguem De te pendentis, te respicientis amici. 105 Ad summam, sapiens uno minor est Jove, dives, Liber, honoratus, pulcher, rex denique regum ; Praecipue sanus, nisi cum pituita molesta est. EPISTOLA II. AD LOLLTUM. Trojani belli seriptorem, maxime Lolli, Dum tu declamas Romse, Prajneste relegi ; Qui, quid sit pulchrum, quid turpe, quid utile, quid non ? Planius ac melius Chrysippo et Crantore dicit. Cur ita crediderim, nisi quid te detinet, audi. 5 Fabula, qua Paridis propter narratur amorem Grsecia Barbarise lento collisa duello, Stultorum regum et populorum continet sestus, Antenor censet belli prsecidere causam. Quid Paris? ut salvus regnet, vivatque beatus, 10 Cogi posse negat. Nestor componere lites Inter Peliden festinat et inter Atriden : Hunc amor, ira quidem communiter urit utrumque. Quicquid delirant reges; plectuntur Acliivi. Seditione, dolis, scelere, atque libidine et ira, 1 5 Iliacos intra muros peccatur, et extra. Rursus, quid virtus et quid sapientia possit, Utile proposuit nobis exemplar Ulyssem ; 172 Q. M0RATI1 FLACCi Qui, domitor Trojae, multorum providus urbes Et mores hominum inspexit; latumque per aequor, 20 Dum sibi, dum sociis reditum parat, aspera multa Pertulit, adversis rerum immersabilis undis. Sirenum voces et Circse pocula nosti ; Quae si cum sociis stultus cupidusque bibisset, Sub domina meretrice fuisset turpis et excors, 25 Vixisset canis immundus, vel arnica luto sus. Nos numerus sumus, et fruges consumere nati, Sponsi Penelopae, nebulones, Alcinoique, In cute curanda plus aequo operata juventus ; Cui pulchrum fuit in medios dormire dies, et 30 Ad strepitum citharss cessatum ducere curam. Ut jugulent hominem, surgunt de nocte latrones : Ut teipsum serves, non expergisceris ? atqui Si noles sanus, curres hydropicus: et ni Posces ante diem librum cum lumine, si non 35 Intendes animum studiis et rebus honestis; Invidia vel amore vigil torquebere. Nam cur Quae lsedunt oculum, festinas demere; siquid Est animum, differs curandi tempusin annum? Dimidium facti, qui ccepit, habet: sapere aude; 40 Incipe: vivendi recte qui prorogat horam, Rusticus exspectat dum defluat amnis ; at ille Labitur, et labetur in omne volubilis aevum. Quaeritur argentum, puerisque beata creandis Uxor, et incultae pacantur vomere silvae. 45 Quod satis est cui contingit, nihil amplius optet. Non domus et fundus, non a3ris acervus et auri iEgroto domini deduxit corpore febres, Non animo curas. Valeat possessor oportet, Si comportatis rebus bene cogitat uti. 50 Qui cupit aut metuit, juvat ilium sic domus, et res, Ut lippum pictae tabulae, fomentapodagram, Auriculas citharae collecta sorde dolentes. Sincerum est nisi vas; quodcumque infundis, acescit. EVlSTOLARtJM Lltt. I. 3. 173 Sperne voluptates: nocet emta dolorc voluptas. 55 Semper avarus eget : certum voto pete finem. Invidus alterius macrescit rebus opimis : Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni Majus tormentimi. Qui non moderabitur irae, Infectum volet esse, dolor quod suaserit et mens, 60 Dum poenas odio per vim festinat inulto. Ira furor brevis est : animum rege; qui nisi paret, lmperat : hunc fra:nis, hunc tu compesce catena. Fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister Ire, viam qua monstret eques. Venaticus, ex quo Go Tempore cervinam pellem latravit in aula, Militat in silvis catulus. Nunc adbibe puro Pectore verba puer, nunc te melioribus offer. Quo semel est imbuta recens, servabit odorem Testa diu. Quod si cessas, aut strenuus anteis, 7^ Xec tardum opperior, nee praecedentibus insto. EPI5TOLA III. AD J U L I U M FLORUM. Juli Flore, quibus terrarum militet oris Claudius Augusti privignus, scire laboro. Thracane vos, Hebrusque nivali compede vinctus, An freta vicinas inter currentia turres, An pingues Asiae campi collesque morantur ? 5 Quid studiosa cohors operum struit ? Haec quoque euro : Quis sibi res gestas Augusti scribere sumit ? Bella quis et paces longum difriindit in aevum ? Quid Titius, Romana brevi venturus in ora, Pindarici fontis qui non expalluit haustus, 10 Fastidire lacus, et rivos ausus apertos ? Ut valet ? ut meminit nostri ? fldibusne Latinis Thebanos aptare modos studet, auspice Miisa ? An tragica desaevit et ampullatur in arte ? 174 Q. HORATIT FLACCI Quid mihiCelsus agit? monitus multumque monendus, 15 Privatas ut quaerat opes, et tangere vitet Scripta, Palatinus quaecumque recepit Apollo ; Ne, si forte suas repetitum venerit olim Grex avium plumas, moveat cornicula risum Furtivis nudata coloribus. Ipse quid audes ? 20 Quae circumvolitas agilis thyma ? non tibi parvum Ingenium, non incultum est, nee turpiter hirtum. . Seu linguam causis acuis, seu civica jura Respondere paras, seu condis amabile carmen ; Prima feres hederae victricis praemia : quod si 25 Frigida curarum fomenta relinquere posses, Quo te ccelestis sapientia duceret, ires. Hoc opus, hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli> Si patriae volumus, si nobis vivere cari. Debes hoc etiam rescribere, si tibi curae, 30 Quantae conveniat, Munatius : an male sarta Gratia nequicquam coit, et rescinditur ? At vos Seu calidus sanguis, seu rerum inscitia vexat, Indomita cervice feros ; ubicunque locorum Vivitis, indigni fraternum rumpere fcedus, 35 Pascitur in vestrum reditum votiva juvenca. EPISTOLA IV. AD ALB1UM TIBULLUM. Albi, nostrorum sermonum candide judex, Quid nunc te dicam facere in regione Pedana ? Scribere quod Cassi Parmensis opuscula vincat ? An taciturn silvas inter reptare salubres, Curantem quicquid dignum sapiente bonoque est ? Non tu corpus eras sine pectore. Dii tibi form am, Dii tibi divitias dederunt, artemque fruendi. Quid voveat dulci nutricula majus alumno, EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 5. 1 J^ Qui sapere et fari possit qua? sentiat, et cui Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abunde, 10 Et mundus victus, non deficiente crumena ? Inter spem curamque, timores inter et iras, Oninem crede diem tibi diluxisse supremum : Grata superveniet, quae non sperabitur, hora. Me pinguem et nitidura bene curata cute vises, 15 Cum ridere voles, Epicuri de grege porcum. EPISTOLA V. AD TORQUATUM. Si potes Archiacis con viva recumbere lectis^ Nee modica ccenare times olus omne patella ; Supremo te sole domi, Torquate, manebo. Vina bibes iterum Tauro diffusa, palustres Inter Minturnas Sinuessanumque Petrinum. 5 Sin melius quid habes, arcesse, vel imperium fer. Jamdudum splendet focus, et tibi munda supellex. Mitte leves spes, et certamina divitiarum, Et Aloschi causam : eras nato Caesare festus Dat veniam somnumque dies ; impune licebit 10 _Estivam sermone benigno tendere noctem. Quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti ? Parcus ob heeredis curam nimiumque severus Assidet insano. Potare et spargere flores Incipiam, patiarque vel inconsultus haberi. 15 Quid non ebrietas designat ? operta recludit ; Spes jubet esse ratas ; in prcelia trudit inertem ; Solicitis animis onus eximit ; addocet artes : Ececundi calices quern non fecere disertum ? Contracta quern non in paupertate solutum ? 20 Hsec ego procurare et idoneus imperor, et non Invitus ; ne turpe toral, ne sordida mappa 176 Q. HORATII FLACCT Corruget nares ; ne non et cantharus et lanx Ostendat tibi te ; ne fidos inter amicos Sit qui dicta foras eliminet ; ut coeat par 25 Jungaturque pari. Butram tibi, Septiciumque, Et nisi coena prior potiorque puella Sabinum Detinet, assumam : locus est et pluribus umbris ; Sed nimis arcta premunt olidae con vi via caprae. Tu quotus esse velis, rescribe ; et rebus omissis 30 .Atria servantem postico falle clientem. EPISTOLA VI. AD NUMICIUM. Nil admirari prope res est una, Numici, Solaque, quae possit facere et servare beatum Hunc solem, et Stellas, et decedentia certis Tempora momentis, sunt qui formidine nulla Imbuti spectent : quid censes munera terrae ? 5 Quid maris extremos Arabas ditantis et Indos ? Ludicra quid, plausus, et amici dona Quiritis ? Quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore ? Qui timet his adversa, fere miratur eodem Quo cupiens pacto : pavor est utrobique molestus : 10 Improvisa simul species exterret utrumque. Gaudeat, an doleat; cupiat, metuatne; quid ad rem, Si, quicquid vidit melius pejusve sua spe, Defixis oculis, animoque et corpore torpet? Insani sapiens nomen ferat, aequus iniqui, 15 Ultra quam satis est, virtutem si petat ipsam. I nunc, argentum, et marmor vetus, aeraque et artes Suspice, cum gem mis Tyrios mirare colores : Gaude quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem : Gnavus mane forum, et vespertinus pete tectum ; 20 Ne plus frumenti dotalibus emetat agris Mutus ; et (indignum quod sit) pejoribus ortus, EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 6. 177 Hie tibi sit potius, quam tu mirabilis illi. Quicquid sub terra est, in apricum proferet aetas, Defodiet condetque nitentia. Cum bene notum 25 Porticus Agrippae, et via te conspexerit Appi, Ire tamen restat Numa quo devenit et Ancus, Si latus aut renes morbo tentantur acuto, Quaere fugam morbi. Vis recte vivere ? quis non ? Si virtus hoc una potest dare, fortis omissis 30 Hoc age deliciis. Virtutem verba putes, ut Lucum ligna? cave ne portus occupet alter; Ne Cibyratica, ne Bithyna negotia'perdas. Mille talenta rotundentur, totidem altera, porro et Tertia succedant, et quae pars quadret acervum. 35 Scilicet uxorem cum dote, fidemque, et amicos, Et genus et formam regina pecunia donat : Ac bene nummatum decorat Suadela Venusque. Mancipiis locuples eget aeris Cappadocum rex : Ne fueris hie tu. Chlamydes Lucullus, ut aiunt. 40 Si posset centum scenae praebere rogatus, Qui possum tot? ait: tamen et quaeram, et quot habebo, Mittam : post paulo scribit, sibi millia quinque Esse domi chlamydum ; partem, vel tolleret omnes. Exilis domus est, ubi non et multa supersunt, 45 Et dominum fallunt, et prosunt furibus. Ergo Si res sola potest facere et servare beatum, Hoc primus repetas opus, hoc postremus omittas. Si fortunatum species et gratia praestat, Mercemur servum, qui dictet nomina, laevum 50 Qui fodicet latus, et cogat trans pondera dextram Porrigere : Hie multum in Fabia valet, ille Velina; Cui libet is fasces dabit, eripietque curule Cui volet importunus ebur : Frater, Pater, adde ; Ut cuique est aetas, ita quemque facetus adopta. 55 Si, bene qui ccenat, bene vivit ; lucet, eamus Quo ducit gula : piscemur, venemur ; ut olim Gargilius, qui mane plagas, venabula, servos, N 178 Q. HORATII FLACCI Differtum transire forum populumque jubebat, Unus et e multis populo spectante referret 60 Emtum mulus aprum. Crudi tumidique lavemur, Quid deceat, quid non, obliti, Caerite cera Digni, remigium vitiosum Ithacensis Ulyssei, Cui potior patria fuit interdicta voluptas. Si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque 65 Nil est jucundum ; vivas in amore jocisque. Vive, vale : siquid novisti rectius istis, Candidus imperti ; si non, his utere mecum. EPISTOLA VII. AD MiECENATEM. Quinque dies tibi pollicitus me rure futurum, Sextilem totum mendax desideror. Atqui Si me vivere vis sanum recteque valentem, Quam mihi das aegro, dabis segrotare timenti, Maecenas, veniam ; dum ficus prima calorque 5 Designatorem decorat lictoribus atris ; Dum pueris omnis pater et matercula pallet ; Officiosaque sedulitas, et opella forensis Adducit febres, et testamenta resignat. Quod si bruma nives Albanis illinet agris, 10 Ad mare descendet vates tuus, et sibi parcet, Contractusque leget ; te, dulcis amice, reviset Cum Zephyris, si concedes, et hirundine prima. Non quo more pyris vesci Calaber jubet hospes, Tu me fecisti locupletem. % Vescere sodes. 15 ^[Jam satis est. ^[At tu quantum vis tolle. HBenigne. *{[Non invisa feres pueris munuscula parvis. •[[Tarn teneor dono quam si dimittar onustus. ^|Ut libet : haec porcis hodie comedenda relinquis. — Prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit et odit. 20 EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. *]. 179 Haec seges ingratos tulit, et feret omnibus annis. Vir bonus et sapiens dignis ait esse paratus ; Nee tamen ignorat quid distent aera lupinis. Dignum prasstabo me etiam pro laude merentis. Quod si me noles usquam discedere, reddes 25 Forte latus, nigros angusta fronte capillos ; Reddes dulce loqui ; reddes ridere decorum, et Inter vina fugam Cinarce moerere protervae. Forte per angustam tenuis nitedula rimam Repserat in cumeram frumenti ; pastaque rursus 30 Ire foras pleno tendebat corpore frustra : Cui mustela procul, Si vis, ait, effugere istinc, Macra cavum repetes arctum, quem macra subisti. Hac ego si compellor imagine, cuncta resigno : Nee somnum plebis laudo, satur altilium, nee 35 Otia divitiis Arabum Uberrima muto. Saepe verecundum laudasti ; rexque paterque Audisti coram ; nee verbo parcius absens : Inspice si possum donata reponere lastus. Haud male Telemachus, proles patientis Ulyssei, 40 Non est aptus equis Ithace locus ; ut neque planis Porrectus spatiis, neque multas prodigus herbae : Atride, magis apta tibi tua dona relinquam. Parvum parva decent : mihi jam non regia Roma, Sed vacuum Tibur placet, aut imbelle Tarentum. 45 Strenuus et fortis, causisque Philippus agendis Clarus, ab officiis octavam circiter horam Dum redit, atque Foro nimium distare Carinas Jam grandis natu queritur, conspexit, ut aiunt, Adrasum quendam vacua tonsoris in umbra, 50 Cultello proprios purgantem leniter ungues. Demetri (puer hie non laeve jussa Philippi Accipiebat) abi ; quaere, et refer ; unde domo ; quis ; Cujus fortunae ; quo sit patre, quove patrono. It, redit, et narrat ; Vulteium nomine Menam, 55 Praeconem, tenui censu, sine crimine notum ; n 2 180 (1. IIORATII FLACCI Et properare loco et cessare, et quaerere et uti, Gaudentem parvisque sodalibus, et lare certo, Et ludis, et post decisa negotia Campo. Scitari libet ex ipso quaecunque refers : die 60 Ad coenam veniat. Non sane credere Mena : Mirari secum tacitus. Quid multa ? Benigne, Respondet. UNeget ille mihi ? UNegat improbus, et te Negligit aut horret. UVulteium mane Philippus Vilia vendentem tunicato scruta popello 65 Occupat, et salvere jubet prior. Ille Philippo Excusare laborem, et mercenaria vincla, Quod non mane domum venisset ; denique quod non Providisset eum. IT Sic ignovisse putato Me tibi, si ccenas hodie mecum. IfUt libet. IFErgo ^0 Post nonam venies : nunc i, rem strenuus auge. — Ut ventum ad coenam est, dicenda tacenda locutus, Tandem dormitum dimittitur. Hie, ubi saepe Occultum visus decurrere piscis ad hamum, Mane cliens et jam certus conviva, jubetur *J5 Rura suburbana indictis comes ire Latinis. Impositus mannis, arvum coelumque Sabinum Non cessat laudare ; videt ridetque Philippus : Et sibi dum requiem, dum risus undique quaerit, Dum septem donat sestertia, mutua septem 80 Promittit, persuadet uti mercetur agellum. Mercatur : ne te longis ambagibus ultra Quam satis est morer ; ex nitido fit rusticus, atque Sulcos et vineta crepat mera, praeparat ulmos, Immoritur studiis et amore senescit habendi. 85 Verum ubi oves furto, morbo periere capellae, Spem mentita seges, bos est enectus arando ; OfFensus damnis, media de nocte caballum Arripit, iratusque Philippi tendit ad aedes : Quern simul aspexit scabrum intonsumque Philippus, 90 Durus, ait, Vultei, nimis attentusque videris Esse mihi. Pol, me miserum, patrone, vocares, E PISTOL A RUM LIfi. I. 8. 9- 181 Si velles, inquit, verum mihi ponere nomen. Quod te per Genium dextraraque Deosque Penates Obsecro et obtestor, vitae me redde priori. — 95 Qui semel aspexit quantum dimissa petitis Praestent, mature redeat, repetatque relicta. Metiri se quern que suo modulo ac pede, verum est. EPISTOLA VIII. AD CELSUM ALBINOVANUM. Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere Albinovano, Musa rogata refer, comiti scribaeque Neronis. Si quaeret quid again ; die, multa et pulchra minantem, Vivere nee recte, nee suaviter : haud quia grando Contuderit vites, oleamve momorderit aestus, 5 Nee quia longinquis armentum aegrotet in agris ; Sed quia mente minus validus quam corpore toto, Nil audire velim, nil dicere, quod levet aegrum ; Fidis offendar medicis, irascar amicis, Cur me funesto properent arcere veterno ; 10 Quae nocuere sequar, fugiam quae profore credam ; Romae Tibur amem ventosus, Tibure Romam. Post haec, ut valeat, quo pacto rem gerat et se ; Ut placeat Juveni, percontare, utque cohorti. Si dicet, Recte ; primum gaudere ; subinde 15 Praeceptum auriculis hoc instillare memento ; Ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus. EPISTOLA IX. AD CLATJDIUM NERONEM. Septimius, Claudi, nimirum intelligit unus Quanti me facias ; nam cum rogat, et prece cogit, 182 Q. HORATII FLACCI Scilicet ut tibi se laudare et tradere coner, Dignum mente domoque legentis honesta Neronis ; Munere cum fungi propioris censet amici ; 5 Quid possim, videt ac novit me valdius ipso. Multa quidem dixi, cur excusatus abirem : Sed timui, mea lie finxisse minora putarer, Dissimulator opis propriae, mihi commodus uni. Sic ego, majoris fugiens opprobria culpae, 10 Frontis ad urbanae descendi praemia. Quod si Depositum laudas ob amici jussa pudorem, Scribe tui gregis hunc, et fortem crede bonumque. EPISTOLA X. AD FUSCUM ARISTIUM. Urbis amatorem Fuscum salvere jubemus Ruris amatores, hac in re scilicet una Multum dissimiles, at caetera pene gemelli, Fraternis animis, quicquid negat alter, et alter ; Annuimus pariter vetuli notique columbi. 5 Tu nidum servas, ego laudo ruris amceni Rivos, et musco circumlita saxa, nemusque. Quid quseris ? vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui Quae vos ad ccelum effertis rumore secundo : Utque sacerdotis fugitivus, liba recuso ; 10 Pane egeo jam mellitis potiore placentis. Vivere naturae si convenienter oportet, Ponendaeque domo quaerenda est area primum, Novistine locum potiorem rure beato ? Est ubi plus tepeant hiemes ? ubi gratior aura 15 Leniat et rabiem Canis, et momenta Leonis, Cum semel accepit solem furibundus acutum ? Est ubi divellat somnos minus invida cura ? Deterius Libycis olet aut nitet herba lapillis ? Purior in vicis aqua tendit rumpere plumbum, 20 EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 11. 183 Quam quae per pronum trepidat cum murmure rivum ? Nempe inter varias nutritur silva coluranas, Laudaturque domus longos quae prospicit agros. Naturam expelles furca, tarn en usque recurret, Et mala perrumpet furtim fastidia victrix. 25 Non, qui Sidonio contendere callidus ostro Nescit Aquinatem potantia vellera fucum, Certius accipiet damnum, propiusve medullis, Quam qui non poterit vero distinguere falsum. Quem res plus nimio delectavere secundse, 30 Mutatae quatient : siquid mirabere, pones Invitus : fuge magna : licet sub paupere tecto Reges et regum vita praecurrere amicos. Cervus equum pugna melior communibus herbis Pellebat, donee minor in certamine longo 35 Imploravit opes hominis, fraenumque recepit : Sed postquam violens victo discessit ab hoste, Non equitem dorso, non fraenum depulit ore. Sic qui pauperiem veritus, potiore metallis Libertate caret, dominum vehet improbus, atque 40 Serviet aeternum ; quia parvo nesciet uti. Cui non conveniet sua res, ut calceus olim, Si pede major erit, subvertet ; si minor, uret. Laetus sorte tua vives sapienter, Aristi : Nee me dimittes incastigatum, ubi plura 45 Cogere quam satis est, ac non cessare videbor. Imperat aut servit collecta pecunia cuique, Tortum digna sequi potius quam ducere funem. Haec tibi dictabam post fanum putre Vacunae, Excepto quod non simul esses, caetera laetus. 50 EPISTOLA XI. AD BULLATIUM. Quid tibi visa Chios, Bullati, notaque Lesbos? Quid concinna Samos ? quid Crcesi regia Sardis ? 184 Q. HORATII FLACCI Smyrna quid, et Colophon ? majora minorane fama? Cunctaque prae Campo et Tiberino flumine sordent ? An venit in votum Attalicis ex urbibus una? 5 An Lebedum laudas, odio maris atque viarum ? Scis, Lebedus quid sit ; Gabiis desertior atque Fidenis vicus ; tamen illic vivere vellem, Oblitusque meorum, obliviscendus et illis, Neptunum procul e terra spectare furentem. 10 Sed neque qui Capua Romam petit, imbre lutoque Aspersus, volet in caupona vivere J nee qui Frigus collegit, furnos et balnea laudat, Ut fortunatam plene praestantia vitam : Nee, si te validus jactaverit Auster in alto, 15 Idcirco navem trans iEgaeum mare vendas. Incolumi Hhodos et Mitylene pulchra facit, quod Paenula solstitio, campestre nivalibus auris, Per brumam Tiberis, Sextili mense caminus. Dum licet, et vultum servat Fortuna benignum, 20 Itomae laudetur Samos, et Chios, et Rhodos absens. Tu quamcunque Deus tibi fortunaverit horam, Grata sume manu ; neu dulcia differ in annum ; Ut quocunque loco fueris, vixisse libenter Te dicas : nam si ratio et prudentia curas, 25 Non locus, effusi late maris arbiter, aufert ; Ccelum, non animum, mutant qui trans mare currunt ; Strenua nos exercet inertia : navibus atque Quadrigis petimus bene vivere : quod petis, hie est ; Est Ulubris ; animus si te non deficit aequus. EPISTOLA XII. AD ICCIUM. Fructibtts Agrippae Siculis, quos colligis, Icci, Si recte frueris, non est ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi : tolle querelas ; Pauper enim non est cui rerum suppetit usus. EPISTOLARUM LIB. T. 13. 185 Si ventri bene, si lateri est pedibusque tuis, nil 5 Divitiae poterunt regales addere majus. Si forte in medio positorum abstemius herbis Yivis et urtica, sic vives protinus, ut te Confestim liquidus fortunae rivus inauret : Vel quia naturam mutare pecunia nescit ; 10 Vel quia cuncta putas una virtute minora. Miramur si Deinocriti pecus edit agellos Cultaque, dum peregre est animus sine corpore vel ox ? Cum tu inter scabiem tantam et contagia lucri Nil parvum sapias, et adhuc sublimia cures : 15 Quag mare compescant causae ; quid temperet annum ; Stellae sponte sua, jussaene vagentur et errent ; Quid premat obscurum Lunse, quid proferat orbem ; Quid velit et possit rerum concordia discors ; Empedocles, an Stertinium deliret acumen. 20 Verum seu pisces, seu porrum et caepe trucidas, Utere Pompeio Grospho ; et siquid petet, ultro Defer : nil Grosphus nisi verum orabit et aequum. Vilis amicorum est annona, bonis ubi quid de^t. Ne tamen ignores quo sit Romana loco res : 25 Cantaber Agrippae, Claudi virtute Neronis Armenius cecidit : jus imperiumque Phraates Caesaris accepit genibus minor : aurea fruges Italiae pleno defudit Copia cornu. EPISTOLA XIII. AD VINIUM ASELLAM. Ut proficiscentem docui te saepe diuque, Augusto reddes signata volumina, Vini, Si validus, si laetus erit, si denique poscet ; Ne studio nostri pecces, odiumque libellis Sedulus importes, opera vehemente minister. Si te forte meae gravis uret sarcina chartae, 186 Q. HORATIT FLACCI Abjicito potius, quam quo perferre juberis Clitellas ferus impingas, Asinaeque paternum Cognomen vertas in risum, et fabula fias. Viribus uteris per clivos, flumina, lamas : 10 Victor propositi simul ac perveneris illuc, Sic positum servabis onus, ne forte sub ala Fasciculum portes librorum, ut rusticus agnum ; Ut vinosa glomos furtivae Pyrrhia lanae ; Ut cum pileolo soleas conviva tribulis. 15 Ne vulgo narres te sudavisse ferendo Carmina; quae possint oculos auresque morari Caesaris : oratus multa prece, nitere porro. Vade, vale, cave ne ti tubes, mandataque frangas. EPISTOLA XIV. AD VILLICUM SUUM. Villice silvarum et mihi me reddentis agelli, Quern tu fastidis, habitatum quinque focis, et Quinque bonos solitum Variam dimittere patres ; Certemus spinas animone ego fortius, an tu Evellas agro; et melior sit Horatius, an res. 5 Me quam vis Lamiae pietas et cura moratur, Fratrem mcerentis, rapto de fratre dolentis Insolabiliter ; tamen istuc mens animusque Fert, et amat spatiis obstantia rumpere claustra. Rure ego viventem, tu dicis in urbe beatum: 10 Cui placet alterius, sua nimirum est odio sors. Stultus uterque locum immeritum causatur inique ; In culpa est animus, qui se non efFugit unquam. Tu mediastinus tacita prece rura petebas, Nunc urbem et ludos et balnea villicus optas : 15 Me constare mihi scis, et discedere tristem, Quandocunque trahunt invisa negotia Romam. Non eadem miramur; eo disconvenit inter EFISTOLARUM LIB. I. 15. 187 Meque et te : nam, quae deserta et inhospita tesqua Credis, amcena vocat mecum qui sentit, et odit 20 Quae tu pulchra putas. Fornix tibi et uncta popina Incutiunt urbis desiderium, video ; et quod Angulus iste feret piper et tus ocius uva ; Nee vicina subest vinum praebere taberna Quae possit tibi ; nee meretrix tibicina, cujus 25 Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis : et tamen urgues Jampridem non tacta ligonibus arva, bovemque Disjunctum curas, et strictis frondibus exples : Addit opus pigro rivus, si decidit imber, Multa mole docendus aprico parcere prato. 30 Nunc, age, quid nostrum concentum dividat, audi. Quern teriues decuere togae nitidique capilli, Quern scis immunem Cinarae placuisse rapaci, Quern bibulum liquidi media de luce Falerni, Coena brevis juvat, et prope rivum somnus in herba : 35 Nee lusisse pudet, sed non incidere ludum. Non istic obliquo oculo mea commoda quisquam Limat ; non odio obscuro morsuque venenat : Rident vicini glebas et saxa moventem. Cum servis urbana diaria rodere mavis ; 40 Horum tu in numerum voto ruis : invidet usum Lignorum et pecoris tibi calo argutus, et horti. Optat ephippia bos, piger optat arare caballus : Quam scit uterque, libens, censebo, exerceat artem. EPISTOLA XV. AD NUMONIUM VALAM. Qile sit hiems Veliae, quod coelum, Vala, Salerni, Quorum hominum regio, et qualis via: (nam mihi Baias Musa supervacuas Antonius, et tamen illis Me facit invisum, gelida cum perluor unda Per medium frigus : sane murteta relinqui, 5 188 Q. HORATII FLACCI Dictaque cessantem nervis elidere morbum Sulphura contemni, vicus gemit, invidus aegris, Qui caput et stomachum supponere fontibus audent Clusinis, Gabiosque petunt, et frigida rura. Mutandus locus est, et diversoria nota 10 Prseteragendus equus : Quo tendis ! non mihi Cumas Est iter, aut Baias, laeva stomachosus habena Dicet eques ; sed equi fraenato est auris in ore :) — Major utrum populum frumenti copia pascat ; Collectosne bibant imbres, puteosne perennes 1 5 Jugis aquae ; nam vina nihil moror illius orae. Rure meo possum quidvis perferre patique ; Ad mare cum veni, generosum et lene requiro ; Quod curas abigat, quod cum spe divite manet In venas animumque meum, quod yerba ministret, 20 Quod me Lucanae juvenem commendet amicae : — Tractus uter plures lepores, uter educet apros : Utra magis pisces et echinos aequora celent ; Pinguis ut inde domum possim Phaeaxque reverti : — Scribere te nobis, tibi nos, accredere par est. 25 Maenius, ut rebus maternis atque paternis Fortiter absumtis, urbanus ccepit haberi, Scurra vagus, non qui certum praesepe teneret, Impransus non qui civem dignosceret hoste ; Quaelibet in quern vis opprobria fingere sasvus ; 30 Pernicies et tempestas barathrumque macelli, Quicquid quaesierat, ventri donabat avaro: Hie ubi nequitiae fautoribus et timidis nil Aut paulum abstulerat, patinas ccenabat omasi, Vilis et agninae, tribus ursis quod satis esset ; 35 Scilicet ut ventres lamna candente nepotum Diceret urendos, corrector Bestius. Idem Si quid erat nactus prasdae majoris, ubi omne Verterat in fumum et cinerem, Non hercule miror, Aiebat, siqui comedunt bona ; cum sit obeso 40 Nil melius turdo, nil vulva pulchrius ampla. EPISTOLARUM LIB. 1. 16. 189 Nimirum hie ego sum : nam tuta et parvula laudo, Cum res deficiunt, satis inter vilia fortis : Verum ubi quid melius contingit et unctius, idem Vos sapere et solos aio bene vivere, quorum 45 Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis. EPISTOLA XVI. AD QUINCTIUM. Ne perconteris, fundus meus, optime Quincti, Arvo pascat herum, an baccis opulentet olivse, Pomisne, an pratis, an amicta vitibus ulmo : Scribetur tibi forma loquaciter, et situs agri. Continui montes, nisi dissocientur opaca 5 Valle ; sed ut veniens dextrum latus aspiciat Sol, Lsevum decedens curru fugiente vaporet. Temperiem laudes. Quid si rubicunda benigne Corna vepres et pruna ferunt ? si quercus et ilex Multa fruge pecus, multa dominum juvat umbra ? 10 Dicas adductum propius frondere Tarentum. Fons etiam rivo dare nomen idoneus, ut nee Frigidior Thracam, nee purior ambiat Hebrus ; Infirmo capiti fluit utilis, utilis alvo. Hae latebraB dulces, etiam, si credis, amcenae, 15 Incolumem tibi me praestant Septembribus horis. Tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis : Jactamus jampridem omnis te Roma beatum 3 Sed vereor ne cui de te plus quam tibi credas, Neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum, 20 Neu, si te populus sanum recteque valentem Dictitet, occultam febrem sub tempus edendi Dissimules, donee manibus tremor incidat unctis. Stultorum incurata pudor malus ulcera celat. Siquis bella tibi terra pugnata marique 25 190 Q. HORATII FLACCI Dicat, et his verbis vacuas permulceat aures ; " Tene magis salvum populus velit, an populum tu, " Servet in ambiguo, qui consulit et tibi et urbi, " Jupiter" ; Augusti laudes agnoscere possis. Cum pateris sapiens emendatusque vocari, 30 Respondesne tuo, die sodes, nomine ? H Nempe Vir bonus et prudens dici deleetor ego ac tu. H Qui dedit hoc hodie, eras, si volet, auferet ; ut si Detulerit fasces indigno, detrahet idem. Pone, meum est, inquit : pono tristisque recedo. 35 Idem si clamet furem, neget esse pudicum, Contendat laqueo collum pressisse paternum, Mordear opprobriis falsis, mutemque colores ? Falsus honor juvat, et mendax infamia terret, Quern, nisi mendosum et medicandum ? Vir bonus est quis? Qui consulta patrum, qui leges juraque servat ; 41 Quo multse magnaeque secantur judice lites ; Quo res sponsore et quo causae teste tenentur : Sed videt hunc omnis domus et vicinia tota Introrsus turpem, speciosum pelle decora. 45 Nee furtum feci, nee fugi, si mihi dicat Servus : Habes pretium, loris non ureris, aio. ^f Non hominem occidi : ^f Non pasces in cruce corvos. ^[ Sum bonus, et frugi : ^[ Renuit negitatque Sabellus : Cautus enim metuit foveam lupus, accipiterque 50 Suspectos laqueos, et opertum miluus hamum. Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore ; Tu nihil admittes in te formidine pcense : Sit spes fallendi, miscebis sacra profanis. Nam de mille fabae modiis cum surripis unum, 55 Damnum est, non facinus mihi pacto lenius isto. Vir bonus, omne forum quern spectat et omne tribunal, Quandocunque Deos vel porco vel bove placat, Jane pater, clare, clare cum dixit, Apollo : Labra movet, metuens audiri : Pulchra Laverna, 60 Da mihi fallere, da justo sanctoque videri ; EPISTOLAttUM LIB. I. 1*J. 191 Noctem peccatis, et fraudibus objice nubem. Qui melior servo, qui liberior sit avarus, In triviis fixum cum se demittit ob assem, Non video : nam qui cupiet, metuet quoque ; porro 65 Qui metuens vivet, liber mihi non erit unquam. Perdidit arma, locum virtutis deseruit, qui Semper in augenda festinat et obruitur re. Vendere cum possis captivum, occidere noli : Serviet utiliter : sine pascat durus, aretque ; ^]0 Naviget ac mediis hiemet mercator in undis ; Annonag prosit ; portet frumenta penusque. Vir bonus et sapiens audebit dicere ; Pentheu, Rector Thebarum, quid me perferre patique 7^ Indignum coges ? ^[ Adimam bona. ^[ Nempe pecus, rem, Lectos, argentum : tollas licet. ^[ In manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo. 5f Ipse Deus, simul atque volam, me solvet. — Opinor, Hoc sentit : Moriar ; mors ultima linea rerum est. EPISTOLA XVII. AD SCjEVAM. Quamvis, Scaeva, satis per te tibi consulis, et scis Quo tandem pacto deceat majoribus uti ; Disce, docendus adhuc quae censet amiculus ; ut si Caecus iter monstrare velit : tamen aspice, si quid Et nos, quod cures proprium fecisse, loquamur. 5 Si te grata quies et primam somnus in horam Delectat ; si te pulvis strepitusque rotarum, Si laedit caupona, Ferentinum ire jubebo : Nam neque divitibus contingunt gaudia solis ; Nee vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit. 10 Si prodesse tuis, pauloque benignius ipsum Te tractare voles, accedes siccus ad unctum. 192 Q. HORATII FLACCI ^f Si pranderet olus patienter, regibus uti Nollet Aristippus. ^[ Si sciret regibus uti, Fastidiret olus, qui me notat. If Utrius horum 15 Verba probes et facta, doce ; vel junior audi, Cur sit Aristippi potior sententia : namque Mordacem Cynicum sic eludebat, ut ajunt : II Scurror ego ipse mihi, populo tu : rectius hoc et Splendidius multo est. Equus ut me portet, alat rex, 20 Officium facio : tu poscis vilia rerum Dante minor, quamvis fers te nullius egentem. — Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status, et res Tentantem majora, fere praesentibus aequum. Contra, quern duplici panno patientia velat, 25 Mirabor, vitae via si conversa decebit. Alter purpureum non exspectabit amictum, Quidlibet indutus celeberrima per loca vadet, Personamque feret non inconcinnus utramque : Alter Mileti textam cane pejus et angue 30 Vitabit chlamydem ; morietur frigore, si non Retuleris pannum : refer, et sine vivat ineptus, Res gerere et captos ostendere civibus hostes, Attingit solium Jovis, et ccelestia tentat : Principibus placuisse viris, non ultima laus est. 35 Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum. Sedit qui timuit ne non succederet : esto : Quid, qui pervenit, fecitne viriliter ? Atqui Hie est, aut nusquam, quod quaerimus : hie onus horret, Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus ; 40 Hie subit, et perfert. Aut virtus nomen inane est, Aut decus et pretium recte petit experiens vir. Coram rege sua de paupertate tacentes Plus poscente ferent : distat, sumasne pudenter, An rapias : atqui rerum caput hoc erat, hie fons. 45 " Indotata mihi soror est, paupercula mater, " Et fundus nee vendibilis, nee pascere nrmus," Qui dicit, clamat, " Victum date": succinit alter, EPT'STOLARUM LTR. I. 18. H)3 M Et mihi clividuo findetur munere quadra." Sed tacitus pasci si posset corvus, haberet 50 Plus dapis, et rixae multo minus invidiaeque. Brundusium comes aut Surrentum ductus amoenum, Qui queritur salebras, et acerbum frigus, et imbres, Aut cistam effractam aut subducta viatica plorat, Nota refert meretricis acumina, saepe catellam, 55 Saepe periscelidem raptam sibi flentis ; uti mox Nulla fides damnis verisque doloribus adsit. Nee semel irrisus triviis attollere curat Fracto crure planum : licet illi plurima manet Lacrima ; per sanctum juratus dicat Osirim, 60 Credite, non ludo ; crudeles tollite claudum : Quaere peregrinum, vicinia rauca reclamat. EPISTOLA XVIII. AD LOLLIUM. Si bene te novi, metues, liberrime Lolli, Scurrantis speciem praebere, professus amicum. Ut matrona meretrici dispar erit atque Discolor, infido scurrae distabit amicus. Est huic diversum vitio vitium prope majus, 5 Asperitas agrestis, et inconcinna, gravisque, Quae se commendat tonsa cute, dentibus atris ; Dum vuit libertas dici mera, veraque virtus. Virtus est medium vitiorum, et utrinque redtictum. Alter, in obsequium plus aequo pronus, et imi 10 Derisor lecti, sic nutum divitis horret, Sic iterat voces, et verba cadentia tollit, Ut puerum saevo credas dictata magistro Reddere, vel partes mimum tractare secundas : Alter, rixator, de lana saepe caprina 15 Propugnat nugis armatus : Scilicet, ut non Sit mihi prima fides, et vere quod placet ut non 194 Q. HORATII FLACCl Acriter elatrem, pretium aetas altera sordet. Ambigitur quid enim ? Castor sciat an Dolichos plus ; Brundusium Minuci melius via ducat, an Appi. 20 Quern damnosa Venus, quern praeceps alea nudat, Gloria quem supra vires et vestit et unguit, Quern tenet argenti sitis importuna famesque, Quem paupertatis pudor et fuga, dives amicus, Saepe decern vitiis instructior, odit et horret : 25 Aut, si non odit, regit : ac, veluti pia mater, Plus quam se sapere et virtutibus esse priorem Vult : et ait prope vera ; Meae (contendere noli) Stultitiam patiuntur opes ; tibi parvula res est : Arcta decet sanum comitem toga ; desine mecum 30 Certare. Eutrapelus cuicunque nocere volebat, Vestimenta dabat pretiosa: beatus enim jam Cum pulchris tunicis sumet nova consilia, et spes ; Dormiet in lucem ; scorto postponet honestum Officium; mimmos alienos pascet; ad imum 35 Threx erit, aut olitoris aget mercede caballum. Arcanum neque tu scrutaberis illius unquam ; Commissumque teges, et vino tortus et ira. Nee tua laudabis studia, aut aliena reprendes ; Nee, cum venari volet ille, poemata panges. 40 Gratia sic fratrum geminorum, Ampbionis atque Zetbi, dissiluit, donee suspecta severo Conticuit lyra ; fraternis cessisse putatur Moribus Ampbion : tu cede potentis amici Lenibus imperiis ; quotiesque educet in agros 45 iEtolis onerata plagis jumenta canesque. Surge, et inbumanae senium depone Camcenae, Ccenes ut pariter pulmenta laboribus emta ; Romanis solenne viris opus, utile famse, Vitaeque et membris ; praesertim cum valeas, et 50 Vel cursu superare canem vel viribus aprum Possis : adde, viriiia quod speciosius arma Non est qui tractet ; scis quo clamore coronae EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 18. 195 Proelia sustineas campestria : denique saevam Militiam puer et Cantabrica bella tulisti, 55 Sub duce qui templis Parthorum signa refigit Nunc, et siquid abest, Italis adjudicat armis. Ac, ne te retrabas et inexcusabilis abstes, Quamvis nil extra numerum fecisse modmnque Curas, interdum nugaris rure paterno : 60 Partitur lintres exercitus ; Actia pugna Te duce per pueros hostili more refertur ; Adversarius est frater ; lacus, Adria ; donee Alterutrum velox victoria fronde coronet. Consentire suis studiis qui crediderit te, 65 Fautor utroque tuum laudabit pollice ludum. Protinus ut moneam (siquid monitoris eges tu) Quid, de quo-que viro, et cui dicas, saape videto. Percontatorem fugito : nam garrulus idem est ; Nee retinent patulae commissa fideliter aures ; *]Q Et semel emissum volat inrevocabile verbum. Non ancilla tuum jecur ulceret ulla, puerve, Intra marmoreum veneraudi limen amici : Ne dominus pueri pulcliri careeve puellae Munere te parvo beet, aut incom modus angat. *J5 Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam aspice ; ne mox Incutiant aliena tibi peccata pudorem. Fallimur, et quondam non dignum tradimus : ergo Quern sua culpa premet, deceptus omitte tueri ; Ut, penitus notum si tentent crimina, serves, 80 Tuterisque tuo fidentem praesidio : qui Dente Tbeonino cum circumroditur, ecquid Ad te post paulo ventura pericula sentis ? Nam tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet ; Et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires. 85 Dulcis inexpertis cultura potentis amici, Expertus metuit. Tu, dum tua navis in alto est, Hoc age, ne mutata retrorsum te ferat aura. Oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi, o 2 196 Q. HORATTI FLAOCI Sedatum celeres, agilem gnavumque remissi ; 90 Potores liquidi media de luce Falerni Oderunt porrecta negantem pocula ; quamvis Nocturnos jures te formidare vapores. Deme supercilio mibem : plerumque modestus Occupat obscuri speciem, taciturnus acerbi. 95 Inter cuncta leges et percunctabere doctos, Qua ratione queas traducere leniter aevum, Ne te semper-inops agitet vexetque cupido, Ne pavor et rerum mediocriter utilium spes : Virtutem doctrina paret, naturane donet ; 100 Quid minuat curas, quid te tibi reddat amicum ; Quid pure tranquillet, honos, an dulce lucellum, An secretum iter, et fallentis semita vitae. Me quoties reficit gelidus Digentia rivus, Quern Mandela bibit, rugosus frigore pagus, 105 Quid sentire putas ? quid credis, amice, precari ? Sit mihi quod nunc est ; etiam minus : et mihi vivam Quod superest aevi, siquid superesse volunt Dii : Sit bona librorum et provisae frugis in annum Copia ; neu fluitem dubise spe pendulus horse. 110 Sed satis est orare Jovem quae donat et aufert : Det vitam, det opes : aequum mi animum ipse parabo. EPISTOLA XIX. AD M^CENATEM. Prisco si credis, Maecenas docte, Cratino, Nulla placere diu, nee vivere carmina possunt, Quae scribuntur aquae potoribus : ut male sanos Ascripsit Liber Satyris Faunisque poetas, Vina fere dulces oluerunt mane Camoenae. Laudibus arguitur vini vinosus Homerus : Ennius ipse pater nunquam nisi potus ad arma EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 1 ( J. 197 Prosiluit dicenda. " Forum putealque Libonis " Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis." Hoc simul edixi, non cessavere poetae 10 Nocturno certare mero, putere diurno. Quid ? siquis vultu torvo ferus, et pede nudo, Exiguaeque togas simulet textore Catonem, Virtutemne repraesentet moresque Catonis ? Rupit Iarbitam Timagenis aemula lingua, 15 Dum studet urbanus, tenditque disertus haberi. Decipit exemplar vitiis imitabile : quod si Pallerem casu, biberent exsangue cuminum. O imitatores, servum pecus, ut mihi bilem, Ut mihi saepe jocum vestri movere tumultus ! 20 Libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps ; Non aliena meo pressi pede : qui sibi fidit, Dux regit examen. Parios ego primus iambos Ostendi Latio, numeros animosque secutus Archilochi, non res et agentia verba Lycamben. 25 Ac, ne me foliis ideo brevioribus ornes, Quod timui mutare modos et carminis artem, Temperat Archilochi musam pede mascula Sappho, Temperat Alcasus ; sed rebus et ordine dispar, Nee socerum quaerit quern versibus oblinat atris, 30 Nee sponsae laqueum famoso carmine nectit. Hunc ego, non alio dictum prius ore, Latinus Vulgavi fidicen : juvat immemorata ferentem Ingenuis oculisque legi manibusque teneri. Scire velis mea cur ingratus opuscula lector 35 Laudet ametque domi, premat extra limen iniquus ? Non ego ventosae plebis sufiragia venor Impensis coenarum et tritae munere vestis ; Non ego nobilium scriptorum auditor et ultor, Grammaticas ambire tribus et pulpita dignor : 40 Hinc iliac lacrymae. Spissis indigna theatris Scripta pudet recitare, et nugis addere pondus, 198 Q. H0RAT1I FLACCI Si dixi ; Rides, ait, et Jovis auribus ista Servas : fidis enim manare poetica mella Te solum, tibi pulcher. Ad hgec ego naribus utt 45 Formido : et, luctantis acuto ne secer ungui, Displicet iste locus, clamo, et diludia posco. Ludus enim genuit trepidum certamen et iram, Ira truces inimicitias et funebre bellum. EPISTOLA XX. AD LIBRUM SUUM. Vertumnum Janumque, liber, spectare videris ; Scilicet ut prostes Sosiorum pumice mundus. Odisti claves, et grata sigilla pudico ; Paucis ostendi gemis, et communia laudas, Non ita nutritus. Fuge quo descendere gestis : 5 Non erit emisso reditus tibi. Quid miser egi ? Quid volui ? dices, ubi quid te laeserit, et scis In breve te cogi, plenus cum languet amator. Quod si non odio peccantis desipit augur, Carus eris Romse, donee te deserat setas. 10 Contrectatus ubi manibus sordescere vulgi Cceperis, aut tineas pasces taciturnus inertes, Aut fugies Uticam, aut vinctus mitteris Ilerdam. Ridebit monitor non exauditus ; ut ille Qui male parentem in rupes protrusit asellum 15 Iratus : quis enim invitum servare laboret ? Hoc quoque te manet, ut pueros elementa docentem Occupet extremis in vicis balba senectus. Cum tibi sol tepidus plures admoverit aures, Me libertino natum patre et in tenui re 20 Majores pennas nido extendisse loqueris ; Ut quantum generi demas, virtutibus addas : EPISTOLARUM LIB. I. 20. 199 Me primis urbis belli placuisse domique, Corporis exigui, prsecanum, solibus aptum, Irasci celerem, tamen ut placabilis essem. 25 Forte meum siquis te percontabitur aevuui, Me quater undenos sciat implevisse Decembres, Collegam Lepidum quo duxit Lollius anno. Q. HORATII FLACC1 CARMEN S.ECULARE. (metrum XVIII.) Phcebe silvarumque potens Diana, Lucidum ceeli decus, O colendi Semper et culti, date quae precamur Tempore prisco ; Quo Sibyllini monuere versus, 5 Virgines lectas, puerosque castos, Diis, quibus septem placuere colles, Dicere carmen. Alme Sol, curru nitido diem qui Promis et celas, aliusque et idem 10 Nasceris ; possis nihil urbe Roma Visere majus. Rite maturos aperire partus Lenis Ilithyia, tuere matres ; Sive tu Lucina probas vocari, 15 Seu Genitalis. Diva, producas subolem, patrumque Prosperes decreta super jugandis Fceminis, prolisque novae feraci Lege marita : 20 Certus undenos decies per annos Orbis ut cantus referatque ludos, Ter die claro, totiesque grata Nocte, frequentes. Vosque veraces cecinisse Parcae, 25 Quod semel dictum est, stabilisque rerum Terminus servat ; bona jam peractis Jungite fata. CA11MEN SECULAHE. 201 Fertilis frugum pecorisque Tellus Spicea donet Cererem corona : 30 Nutriant foetus et aquae salubrcs Et Jovis auras. Condito mitis placidusque telo Supplices audi pueros, Apollo ; Siderum regina bicornis audi, 35 Luna, puellas : Roma si vestrum est opus, Iliaeque Littus Etruscum tenuere turmae, Jussa pars mutare Lares et urbem, Sospite cursu ; 40 Cui per ardentem sine fraude Trojam Castus ^Eneas, patriae superstes, Liberum munivit iter, daturus Plura relictis : Dii probos mores docili juventae, 45 Dii senectuti placidae quietem, Romulae genti date remque prolemque Et decus omne. Quique vos bubus veneratur albis Clarus Anchisag Venerisque sanguis, 50 Imperet, bellante prior, jacentem Lenis in hostem. Jam mari terraque manus potentes Medus Albanasque timet secures : Jam Scythae responsa petunt, superbi 55 Nuper, et Indi. Jam Fides, et Pax, et Honor, Pudorque Priscus, et neglecta redire Virtus Audet ; apparetque beata pleno Copia cornu. 60 Augur et fulgente decorus arcu Phoebus, acceptusque novem Camcenis, Qui salutari levat arte fessos Corporis artus, 202 Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMEN S^CULARE. Si Palatinas videt sequus aras, 65 Remque Romanam Latiumque felix Alterum in lustrum meliusque semper Proroget aevum. Quaeque Aventinum tenet Algidumque, Quindecim Diana preces virorum 7^ Curet, et votis puerorum arnicas Applicet aures. Hsec Jovem sentire Deosque cunctos, Spem bonam certamque domum reporto, Doctus et Phcebi chorus et Dianse 7& Picere laudes. Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM LIBER QUARTUS. ODE I. (m. xv.) AD VENEREM. Intermissa, Venus, diu, Rursus bella moves ? Parce, precor, precor. Non sum qualis eram bonae Sub regno Cinarae. Desine, dulcium Mater sasva Cupidinum, 5 Circa lustra decern flectere mollibus Jam durum imperiis. Abi Quo blandae juvenum te revocant preces. Tempestivius in domum Pauli, purpureis ales oloribus, 10 Comissabere Maximi, Si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum. Namque et nobilis et decens Et pro solicitis non tacitus reis, Et centum puer artium, 15 Late signa feret militiae tuae. Et quandoque potentior Largis muneribus riserit aemuli, Albanos prope te lacus Ponet marmoream, sub trabe citrea. 20 Illic plurima naribus Duces tura, lyraeque et Berecyntiae Delectabere tibiae Mistis carminibus, non sine fistula. Illic bis pueri die 25 Numen cum teneris virginibus tuum 204 a. HORATIT FLACCI Laudantes, pede candido In morem Salium, ter quatient humum. Me nee fcemina, nee puer Jam, nee spes animi credula mutui, 30 Nee certare juvat mero, Nee vincire novis tempora floribus. Sed cur, heu ! Ligurine, cur Manat rara meas lacrima per genas ? Cur facunda parum decoro 35 Inter verba cadit lingua silentio ? Nocturnis ego somniis Jam captum teneo : jam volucrem sequor Te per gramina Martii Campi ; te per aquas, dure, volubiles. 40 ODE II. (m. xviii.) AD ANTON IUM IULUM. Pi nd arum quisquis studet gemulari, Jule, ceratis ope Dsedalea Nititur pennis, vitreo daturus Nomina ponto. Monte decurrens velut amnis, imbres 5 Quern super notas aluere ripas, Fervet immensusque ruit profundo Pindarus ore, Laurea donandus Apollinari, Seu per audaces nova Dithyrambos 10 Verba devolvit, numerisque fertur Lege solutis ; Seu Deos, regesve canit, Deorum Sanguinem, per quos cecidere justa Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendte 15 Flamma Chimterae ; CARMINUM LIB. IV. 2. Sive, quos Elea domum reducit Palma ccelestes, pugilemve equumvc Dicit, et centum potiore signis Munere donat ; 20 Flebili sponsae juvenemve raptum Plorat ; et vires animumque moresque Aureos educit in astra, nigroque Invidet Oreo. Multa Dircaeum levat aura eyenum, 25 Tendit, Antoni, quoties in altos Nubium traetus : ego, apis Matin a? More modoque Grata carpentis thyma per laborem Plurimum, circa nemus uvidique 30 Tiburis ripas operosa parvus Carmina fingo. Concines majore Poeta plectro Caesarem, quandoque trahet feroces Per Sacrum clivum, merita decorus Fronde, Sicambros ; Quo nihil majus meliusve terris Fata donavere, bonique Divi ; Nee dabunt, quamvis redeant in aurum Tempora priscum. Concines laetosque dies, et urbis Publicum ludum, super impetrato Fortis Augusti reditu, forumque Litibus orbum. Turn meae (siquid loquar audiendum) 45 Vocis accedet bona pars ; et, O Sol Pulcher, O laudande, canam, recepto Caesare felix. Isque dum procedit, lo Triumphe ! Non semel dicemus, lo Triumphe ! 50 Civitas omnis ; dabimusque Divis Tura benignis. 206 Q. HOltATll tfLACCI Te decern tauri totidemque vaccae, Me tener solvet vitulus relicta Matre, qui largis juvenescit herbis 55 In mea vota, Fronte curvatos imitatus ignes *Tertium Lunae referentis ortum, Qua notam duxit, niveus videri, Caetera fulvus. 60 ODE III. (m. xv.) AD MELPOMENEN. Quem tu Melpomene semel Nascentem placido lumine videris, Ilium non labor Isthmius Clarabit pugilem, non equus impiger Curru ducet Achaico 5 Victorem ; neque res bellica Deliis Ornatum foliis ducem, Quod regum tumidas contuderit minas, Ostendet Capitolio ; Sed quae Tibur aquae fertile praefluunt, 10 Et spissae nemorum comae, Fingent iEolio carmine nobilem. Rom ae principis urbium Dignatur suboles inter amabiles Vatum ponere me choros ; 15 Et jam dente minus mordeor invido. O testudinis aureae Dulcem quae strepitum, Pieri, temperas ! O mutis quoque piscibus Donatura cycni, si libeat, sonum ! 20 Totum muneris hoc tui est, Quod monstror digito praetereuntium, Romanae fidicen lyrae : Quod spiro et placeo (si placeo), tuum est. CARMINUM LIB. IV. 4. 207 ODE IV. (m. xix.) Qualem ministrum fulminis alitem (Cui rex Deorura regnum in aves vagas Permisit, expertus fidelem Jupiter in Ganymede flavo) Olim juventas et patrius vigor 5 Nido laborum propulit inscium, Vernique, jam nimbis remotis, Insolitos docuere nisus Venti paventem ; mox in ovilia Demisit hosteni vividus impetus ; 1 Nunc in reluctantes dracones Egit amor dapis atque pugnae : Qualemve laetis caprea pascuis Intenta, fulvae matris ab ubere Jam lacte depulsum leonem, 15 Dente novo peritura, vidit : Videre Rhaetis bella sub Alpibus Drusum gerentem Vindelici ; quibus Mos unde deductus per omne Tempus Amazonia securi Dextras obarmet, quaerere distuli, Nee scire fas est omnia : sed diu Lateque victrices catervae. Consiliis juvenis repressae, Sensere quid mens rite, quid indoles 25 Xutrita faustis sub penetralibus Posset, quid Augusti paternus In pueros animus Nerones. Fortes creantur fortibus ; et bonis Est in juvencis, est in equis patrum 30 Virtus ; nee imbellem feroces Progenerant aquilae columbam. Doctrina sed vim promovet insitam ; Rectique cultus pectora roborant : 208 Q. HORATII FLACCI Utcunque defecere mores, 35 Indecorant bene nata culpae. Quid debeas, O Roma, Neronibus, Testis Metaurum flumen, et Asdrubal Devictus, et pulcher fugatis Ille dies Latio tenebris, 40 Qui primus alma risit adorea, Dims per urbes Afer ut Italas, Ceu flamma per taedas, vel Eurus Per Siculas equitavit undas. Post hoc secundis usque laborious 45 Romana pubes crevit ; et impio Vastata Pcenorum tumultu Fana Deos habuere rectos : Dixitque tandem perfidus Annibal, Cervi, luporum praeda rapacium, 50 Sectamur ultro quos opimus Fallere et effugere est triumphus. Gens, quae cremato fortis ab Ilio Jactata Tuscis aequoribus sacra Natosque maturosque patres 55 Pertulit Ausonias ad urbes, Duris ut ilex tonsa bipennibus Nigrae feraci frondis in Algido, Per damna, per caedes, ab ipso Ducit opes animumque ferro. 60 Non Hydra secto corpore firmior Vinci dolentem crevit in Herculem ; Monstrumve summisere Colchi Majus, Echioniseve Thebae. Merses profundo, pulchrior evenit : 65 Luctere, multa proruet integrum Cum laude victorem, geretque Prcelia conjugibus loquenda. Carthagini jam non ego nuntios Mittam superbos ; occidit, occiclit /0 OARMTNUM LIB. IV. 5. 209 Spes omnis, et fortuna nostri Nominis, Asdrubale interempto^ Nil Claudiae non perficient manus, Quas et benigno numine Jupiter Defendit, et curae sagaces *]5 Expediunt per acuta belli. ODE V. (m. xvi.) AD AUGUSTUM. Divis orte bonis, optime Romulae Custos gentis, abes jam nimium diu ; Maturum reditum pollicitus patrum Sancto concilio, redi. Lucem redde tuae, dux bone, patriae ; 5 Instar veris enim vultus ubi tuus Affulsit populo, gratior it dieSj Et soles melius nitent. Ut mater juvenem, quern Notus invido Flatu Carpathii trans maris aequora 10 Cunctantem spatio longius annuo Dulci distinet a domo, Votis ominibusque et precibus vocat, Curvo nee faciem littore dimovet : Sic desideriis icta fidelibus 15 Quaarit patria Caesarem. Tutus bos etenim rura perambulat ; Nutrit rura Ceres, almaque Faustitas ; Pacatum volitant per mare navitae ; Culpari metuit Fides ; * 20 Nullis polluitur casta domus stupris ; Mos et lex maculosum edomuit nefas ; Laudantur simili prole puerperae ; Culpam Poena premit comes. Quis Parthum paveat ? quis gelidum Scythen ? 2$ 210 Q. HORATIT FLACCI Quis Germania quos horrida parturit Foetus, incolumi Caesare ? quis ferae Bellum curet Iberiae ? Condit quisque diem collibus in suis, Et vitem viduas ducit ad arbores ; 30 Hinc ad vina redit laetus, et alteris Te mensis adhibet Deum : Te multa prece, te prosequitur mero Defuso pateris ; et Laribus tuum Miscet numen, uti Graecia Castoris, 35 Et magni memor Herculis. Longas O utinam, dux bone, ferias Praestes Hesperiae, dicimus integro Sicci mane die, dicimus uvidi, Cum sol Oceano subest. 40 ODE VI. (m.xviit.) AD APOLLINEM. Dive, quern proles Niobaea magnae Vindicem linguae, Tityosque raptor Sensit, et Trojae prope victor altae Phthius Achilles, Caeteris major, tibi miles impar ; Filius quamquam Thetidos marinae Dardanas turres quateret tremenda Cuspide pugnax. I lie, mordaci velut icta ferro Pinus, aut impulsa cupressus Euro, Procidit late, posuitque collum in Pulvere Teucro. Ille non inclusus equo Minervae Sacra mentito male feriatos Troas et laetam Priami choreis Falleret aulam : CARMINUM LIB. IV. 7- 211 Sed palam captis gravis (heu nefas ! heu !) Ncscios fari pueros Achivis Ureret flammis, etiam latentem Matris in alvo : 20 Ni tuis victus Venerisque gratae Vocibus Divum pater adnuisset Rebus JEneae potiore ductos Alite muros. Doctor Argivae Fidicen Thaliae, 25 Phoebe, qui Xantho lavis amne crines, Dauniae defende decus Camoenae, Levis Agyieu. Spiritum Phoebus mihi, Phoebus artem Carminis nomenque dedit Poetae, 30 Virginum primae, puerique claris Patribus orti Deliae tutela Deae, fugaces Lyncas et cervos cohibentis arcu, Lesbium servate pedem, meique 35 Pollicis ictum ; Rite Latonae puerum canentes, Rite crescentem face Noctilucam, Prosperam frugum, celeremque pronos Volvere menses. $$ Nupta jam dices, Ego Diis amicum. Saeculo festas referente luces, Reddidi carmen, docilis modorum Vatis Horati. ODE VII. (m. ix.) AD TORQUATUM. Diffugere nives, redeunt jam gramma campis y 4rboribusquc comae: f2 212 Q. HOKAT-II FLACCI Mutat terra vices, et decrescentia ripas Flumina praetereunt : Gratia cum Nymphis geminisque sororibus audet 5 Ducere nuda choros. Immortalia ne speres, monet annus, et almum Quae rapit hora diem. Frigora mitescunt Zephyris, ver proterit aestas Interitura, simul 10 Pomifer autumnus fruges eifuderit, et mox Bruma recurrit iners. Damna tamen celeres reparant coelestia lunae: Nos ubi decidimus Quo pius iEneas, quo dives Tullus et Ancus, 15 Pulvis et umbra sumus. Quis scit an adjiciant hodiernae crastina summae Tempora Dii superi ? Cuncta manus avidas fugient haeredis, amico Quae dederis animo. 20 Cum semel occideris, et de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria, Non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas : Infernis neque enim tenebris Diana pudicum 25 Liberat Hippolytum ; Nee Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro Vincula Pirithoo. ODE VIII. (m. xiv.) AD CENSORINUM. Donarem pateras grataque commodus, Censorine, meis aera sodalibus : Donarem tripodas, praemia fortium CARMINUM LIB. IV. 8. 213 Graiorum ; neque tu pessima munerum Ferres, divite me scilicet artium, 5 Quas aut Parrhasius protulit, aut Scopas ; Hie saxo, liquidis ille coloribus Sollers nunc hominem ponere, nunc Deum. Sed non hgec mihi vis : nee tibi talium Res est aut animus deliciarum egens. 10 Gaudes carminibus : carmina possumus Donare, et pretium dicere muneris. Non incisa notis marmora publicis, Per quae spiritus et vita redit bonis Post mortem ducibus; non celeres fugse, 15 Rejectaeque retrorsum Annibalis minse ; Non incendia Carthaginis impiae, Ejus qui domita nomen ab Africa Lucratus rediit, clarius indicant Laudes, quam Calabrae Pierides : neque, 20 Si chartae sileant quod bene feceris, Mercedem tuleris. Quid foret Ilias Mavortisque puer, si taciturnitas Obstaret meritis invida Romuli ? Ereptum Stygiis fluctibus iEacum 25 Virtus et favor et lingua potentium Vatum divitibus consecrat insulis. Dignum laude virum Musa vetat mori, Ccelo Musa beat. Sic Jovis interest Optatis epulis impiger Hercules : 30 Clarum Tyndaridae sidus ab infimis Quassas eripiunt aequoribus rates: Ornatus viridi tempora pampino Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus. 214 Q. HOItATII FLACCI ODE IX. (m. xix.) AD LOLLIUM. Ne forte credas interitura, quae Longe sonantem natus ad Aufidum Non ante vulgatas per artes Verba loquor socianda chordis : Non, si priores Maeonius tenet 5 Sedes Homerus, Pindaricae latent, Ceaeque, et Alcaei minaces, Stesichorique graves Camcenae. Nee, siquid olira lusit Anacreon, Delevit aetas : spirat adhuc amor, 10 Vivuntque commissi calores JEoliae fidibus puellae. Non sola comtos arsit adulteri Crines, et aurum vestibus illitum Mirata, regalesque cultus 15 Et comites, Helene Lacaena ; Primusve Teucer tela Cydonio Direxit arcu : non semel Ilios Vexata : non pugnavit ingens Idomeneus Sthenelusque solus 20 Dicenda Musis prcelia : non ferox Hector, vel acer Deiphobus graves Excepit ictus pro pudicis Conjugibus puerisque primus. Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona 25 Multi ; sed omnes illacrymabiles Urguentur ignotique longa Nocte, carent quia vate sacro. Paulum sepultae distat inertias Celata virtus : non ego te meis 30 Chartis inornatum silebo, Totve tuos patiar labores CARMINUM LIB. IV. 10. 215 Impune, Lolli, carpere lividas Oblivioncs. Est animus tibi Rerumquc prudens, et secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus ; Vindex avarae fraudis, et abstinens Ducentis ad se cuncta pecuniae ; Consulque non unius anni, Sed quoties bonus atque fidus Judex honestum praetidit utili, et liejecit alto dona nocentium Vultu, et per obstantes catervas Explicuit sua victor arma. Non possidentem multa vocaveris Rccte beatum ; rectius occupat Nomen beati, qui Deorum Muneribus sapienter uti, Duramque callet pauperiem pati ; Pej usque leto flagitium timet : Non ille pro caris amicis Aut patria timidus perire. 40 45 50 ODE X. (m. xiii.) AD LIGURINUM. O crudelis adhuc, et Veneris muneribus potens, Insperata tuae cum veniet pluma superbiae, Et, quae nunc humeris involitant, deciderint comae, Nunc et qui color est puniceae flore prior rosae, Mutatus Ligurinum in faciem verterit hispidam : Dices, Heu ! (quoties te in speculo videris alterum) Quae mens est hodie, cur eadem non puero fuit ? Vel cur his animis incolumes non redeunt genae ? 216 Q. H0IIAT1I FLACCI ODE XL (m. xviii.) AD PHYLLIDEM. Est mihi nonum superantis annum Plenus Albani cadus ; est in horto, Phylli, nectendis apium coronis ; Est hederas vis Multa, qua crines religata fulges : 5 Ridet argento domus : ara castis Vincta verbenis avet immolata Spargier agno : Cuncta festinat manus : hue et illue Cursitant mistae pueris puellae ; 10 Sordidum flammae trepidant rotantes Vertice fumum. Ut tarn en noris quibus advoceris Gaudiis ; Idus tibi sunt agendas, Qui dies mensem Veneris marina? 15 Findit, Aprilem ; Jure solennis mihi, sanctiorque Pene natali proprio, quod ex hac Luce Maecenas mens affluentes Ordinat annos. 20 Telephum, quern tu petis, occupavit (Non tuae sortis juvenem) puella Dives et lasciva : tenetque grata Compede vinctum. Terret ambustus Phaethon avaras 25 Spes ; et exemplum grave prsebet ales Pegasus, terrenum equitem gravatus Bellerophonten, Semper ut te digna sequare ; et, ultra Quam licet sperare nefas putando, 30 Disparem vites : age jam meorum Finis amorum ? CARMINUM LIB. IV. 12. 217 (Non enim posthac alia calebo Fcemiua,) coudisce modos amanda Voce quos rcddas : minuuntur atrse 35 Carmine curae. ODE XII. (m. xvi.) AD VIRGILIUM. Jam veris comites, quae mare temperant. Impellunt anirnae lintea Thraciae : Jam nee prata rigent, nee fhivii strepunt Hiberna nive turgidi. Nidum ponit, Ityn flebiliter gemens, 5 Infelix avis, et Cecropise domus Sternum opprobrium, quod male barbaras Regum est ulta libidines. Dicunt in tenero gramine pinguium Custodes ovium carmina fistula. 10 Deleccant que Deum, cui pecus et nigri Colles Arcadia? placent. Adduxere sitim tempora, Virgili : Sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, juvenum nobilium cliens, 15 Nardil vina mereberis. Nardi parvus onyx eliciet cadum, Qui nunc Sulpiciis accubat horreis, Spes donare novas largus, amaraque Cur arum eluere efficax ; 20 Ad quae si properas gaudia. cum tua Velox merce veni : non ego te meis Immunem meditor tinguere poculis, Plena dives at in domo. Verum pone moras, et stadium lucri ; 25 Nigrorumque memor, dum licet, ignium, 218 Q> HORATII FLACCI Misce stultitiam consiliis brevem : Dulce est dcsipere in loco. ODE XIII. (m. xvii.) AD LYCEN. Audivere, Lyce 5 Dii mea vota ; Dii Audivere, Lyce : fis anus, et tamen Vis formosa videri ; Ludisque, et bibis impudens, Et cantu tremulo pota Cupidinem 5 Lentum solicitas ; ille virentis et Doctae psallere Chiae Pulchris excubat in genis. Importunus enim transvolat aridas Quercus, et refugit te, quia luridi 10 Dentes, te quia rugae Turpant et capitis nives. Nee Coae referunt jam tibi purpuras, Nee clari lapides, tempora, quae semel Notis condita fastis 15 Inclusit volucris dies. Quo fugit Venus ? Heu ! quove color ? decens Quo motus ? quid habes illius, illius, Quae spirabat am ores, Quae me surpuerat mihi ? 20 Felix post Cinaram, notaque et artium Gratarum facies : sed Cinarae breves Annos fata dederunt, Servatura diu parem . Cornicis vetulae temporibus Lycen ; 25 Possent ut juvenes visere fervidi, Multo non sine risu, Delapsam in cineres facem, CAUMINUM LIU. IV. 14. 219 ODE XIV. (m. xix.) AD AUGUSTUM. Qile cura patrum, quaeve Quiritium, Plenis honorum muneribus tuas, Auguste, virtutes in oevum Per titulos memoresque fastos JEternet? O qua sol habitabiles 5 Illustrat oras, maxime principum, Quern legis expertes Latinas Vindelici didicere nuper Quid Marte posses : milite nam tuo Drusus Genaunos, implacidum genus 3 10 Brencosque veloces, et arces Alpibus impositas tremendis Dejecit acer plus vice simplici. Major Neronum mox grave proelium Commisit, iminanesque Rhaetos 15 Auspiciis pepulit secundis ; Spectandus in certamine Martio, Devota morti pectora liberae Quantis fatigaret minis : Indomitas prope qualis undas 20 Exercet Auster, Pleiadum choro Scindente nubes, impiger hostium Vexare turmas, et frementem Mittere equum medios per ignes. Sic tauriformis volvitur Aufidus, 25 Qui regna Dauni praefluit Appuli, Cum sasvit, horrendamque cultis Diluviem meditatur agris : Ut barbarorum Claudius agmina Ferrata vasto diruit impetu ; 30 Primosque et extremos metendo, Stravit humum, sine clade victor^ Q. HORATII FLACCI Te copias, te consilium et tuos Praebente Divos : nam tibi, quo die Portus Alexandrea supplex 35 Et vacuam patefecit aulam, Fortuna lustro prospera tertio Belli secundos reddidit exitus, Laudemque et optatum peractis Imperiis decus arrogavit. 40 Te Cantaber non ante domabilis, Medusque et Indus, te profugus Scythes Miratur, O tutela praesens Italiae dominaeque Romae ! Te, fontium qui celat origines 45 Nilusque, et Ister, te rapidus Tigris, Te beluosus qui remotis Obstrepit Oceanus Britannis, Te non paventis funera Galliae, Duraeque tellus audit Iberiae . 50 Te caede gaudentes Sicambri Compositis venerantur armis. ODE XV. (m. xix] AUGUSTI LAUDES. Phohbus volentem proelia me loqui Victas et urbes increpuit lyra, Ne parva Tyrrhenum per aequor Vela darem. Tua, Caesar, aetas Fruges et agris rettulit uberes, 5 Et signa nostro restituit Jovi, Derepta Parthorum superbis Postibus, et vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit, et ordinem Rectum evaganti fraena licentiae 10 CARMTNUM MB. IV. 15. 221 Injecit, emovitque culpas, Et veteres revocavit artes ; Per quas Latinum nomen et Italae Crevere vires, famaque, et imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortum 15 Solis ab Hesperio cubili. Custode rerum Caesare, non furor Civilis, aut vis exiget otiuin ; Non ira, quae procudit enses, Et miseras inimicat urbes. 20 Non, qui profundum Danubium bibunt, Edicta rumpent Julia ; non Getae, Non Seres infidive Persae, Non Tanain prope flumen orti. Nosque et profestis lucibus et sacris, 25 Inter jocosi munera Liberi, Cum prole matronisque nostris, Rite Deos prius adprecati, Virtute functos, more patrum, duces, Lydis remixto carmine tibiis, 30 Trojamque et Anchisen et almae Progeniem Veneris canemus. Q. HORATII FLACCI EPISTOLARUM LIBER SECUNDUS. EPISTOLA I. AD AUGUSTUM. Cum tot sustineas et tanta negotia solus. Res Italas armis tuteris, moribus ornes, Legibus emendes ; in publica commoda peccem, Si longo sermone morer tua tempora, Caesar. llomulus, et Liber pater, et cum Castore Pollux, 5 Post ingentia facta Deorum in templa recepti, Dum terras hominumque colunt genus, aspera bella Componunt, agros assignant, oppida Condunt ; Ploravere suis non respondere favorem Speratum meritis : diram qui contudit Hydram, 10 Notaque fatali portenta labore subegit, Comperit invidiam supremo fine domari. Urit enim fulgore suo, qui prsegravat artes Infra se positas : extinctus amabitur idem. Prsesenti tibi maturos largimur honores, 15 Jurandasque tuum per nomen ponimus aras, Nil oriturum alias, nil or turn tale fatentes. Sed tuus hoc populus sapiens et Justus in uno, Te nostris ducibus, te Graiis anteferendo, Caetera nequaquam simili ratione modoque 20 ^Estimat ; et, nisi quse terris semota suisque Temporibus defuncta videt, fastidit et odit : Sic fautor veterum, ut tabulas peccare vetantes, Quas bis quinque viri sanxerunt, foedera regum Vel Gabiis vel cum rigidis aequata Sabinis, 25 ■ EPISTOT.ARUM LTP. IT. 1. 223 Pontiticum libros, amiosa volumina vatum, Dictitct Albano Musas in monte locutas. Si, quia GraDCorum sunt antiquissima quaequc Scripta vel optima, Romani pensatur eadem Scriptores trutina, non est quod multa loquamur : 30 Nil intra est oleara, nil extra est in nuce duri. Venimus ad suramum fortunae : pinguimus atque Psallimus, et luctamur Achivis doctius unctis. Si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit, Scire velim, pretium chartis quotus arroget annus. 35 Scriptor abhinc annos centum qui decidit, inter Perfectos veteresque referri debet ? an inter Viles atque novos ? excludat jurgia finis. ^[ Est vetus atque probus, centum qui perficit annos. II Quid, qui deperiit minor uno mense, vel anno, 40 Inter quos referendus erit ? veteresne poetas ? An quos et praesens et postera respuat aetas ? ^[ Iste quidem veteres inter ponetur honeste, Qui vel mense brevi vel toto est junior anno. 1[ Utor permisso, caudaeque pilos ut equinae, 15 Paulatim vello, et demo unum, demo etiam unum ; Dum cadat elusus ratione ruentis acervi, Qui redit ad fastos, et virtutem aestimat annis, Miraturtjue nihil nisi quod Libitina sacravit. Ennius, et sapiens et fortis, et alter Homerus, 50 Ut critici dicunt, leviter curare videtur, Quo promissa cadant, et somnia Pythagorea. Naevius in manibus non est, et mentibus haeret Pene recens ? adeo sanctum est vetus omne poem a. Ambigitur quoties uter utro sit prior, aufert 55 Pacuvius docti famam senis, Accius alti : Dicitur Afrani toga convenisse Menandro ; Plautus ad exemplar Siculi properare Epicharmi ; Vincere Caecilius gravitate, Terentius arte. Hos ediscit, et hos arcto stipata theatro 60 Spectat Roma potens ; babet hos numeratque poetas 224 Q. HORATII FLACCI Ad nostrum tempus Livi scriptoris ab aevo. Interdum vulgus rectum videt ; est ubi peccat. Si veteres ita miratur laudatque poetas, Ut nihil anteferat, nihil illis comparet, errat : 65 Si quaedam nimis antique, si pleraque dure Dicere cedit eos, ignave multa fatetur ; Et sapit, et mecum facit, et Jove judicat aequo. Non equidem insector, delendave carmina Livi Esse reor, memini quae plagosum mihi parvo 7^ Orbilium dictare ; sed emendata videri, Pulchraque, et exactis minimum distantia, miror. Inter quae verbum emicuit si forte decorum, et Si versus paulo concinnior unus et alter, Injuste totum ducit venditque poema. *J5 Indignor quidquam reprehendi, non quia crasse Compositum illepideve putetur, sed quia nuper ; Nee veniam antiquis, sed honorem et praemia posci. Recte necne crocum floresque perambulet Attae Fabula si dubitem, clament periisse pudorem 80 Cuncti pene patres ; ea cum reprehendere coner Quae gravis iEsopus, quae doctus Roscius egit : Vel quia nil rectum, nisi quod placuit sibi, ducunt ; Vel quia turpe putant parere minoribus, et quae Imberbi didicere, senes perdenda fateri. 85 Jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat, et illud Quod mecum ignorat, solus vult scire videri ; Ingeniis non ille favet plauditque sepultis, Nostra sed impugnat, nos nostraque lividus odit. Quod si tarn Graiis novitas invisa fuisset 90 Quam nobis, quid nunc esset vetus ? aut quid haberet Quod legeret tereretque viritim publicus usus ? Ut primum positis nugari Graecia bellis Ccepit, et in vitium for tuna labier aequa, Nunc athletarum studiis, nunc arsit equorum ; 95 Marmoris aut eboris fabros aut aeris amavit ; Suspendit picta vultum mentemque tabella ; EPISTOI.ARUM LIB. II. 1. 225 Nunc tibicinibus, nunc est gavisa tragoedis : Sub nutrice puella velut si luderet infans, Quod cupide petiit, mature plena reliquit. 100 Quid placet aut odio est, quod non mutabile credas ? Hoc paces habuere bonae, ventique secundi. Romee dulce diu fuit et soleune reclusa Mane domo vigilare, clienti promere jura, Cautos nominibus rectis expendere numraos, 105 Majores audire, minori dicere per quae Crescere res posset, minui daranosa libido. Mutavit mentem populus levis, et calet uno Scribendi studio : puerique patresque severi Fronde comas vincti coenant, et carmina dictant. 110 Ipse ego, qui nullos me affirmo scribere versus, Invenior Parthis mendacior ; et prius orto Sole vigil, calamum et chartas et scrinia posco. Navim agere ignarus navis timet ; abrotonum aegro Non audet nisi qui didicit, dare: quod medicorum est, 115 Promittunt medici ; tractant fabrilia fabri : Scribimus iudocti doctique poemata passim. Hie error tamen, et levis haec insania quantas Virtutes habeat, sic collige : vatis avarus Non temere est animus ; versus amat, hoc studet unum ; Detrimenta, fugas servorum, incendia ridet; 121 Non fraudem socio, puerove incogitat ullam Pupillo ; vivit siliquis et pane secundo. Militiae quanquam piger et malus, utilis urbi ; Si das hoc, parvis quoque rebus magna juvari. 125 Os tenerum pueri balbumque poeta figurat ; Torquet ab obsccenis jam nunc sermonibus aurem ; Mox etiam pectus praeceptis format amicis Asperitatis et invidiae corrector et irae ; Recte facta refert ; orientia tempora notis 130 Instruit exemplis ; inopem solatur et segrum. Castis cum pueris ignara puella mariti Disceret unde preces, vatem ni Musa dedisset ? 226 Q. HORATIl FLACCI Poscit opem chorus, et praesentia numina sentit ; Ccelestes implorat aquas docta prece blandus ; 135 Avertit morbos, metuenda pericula pellit ; Impetrat et pacem, et locupletem frugibus annum. Carmine Dii superi placantur, carmine Manes. Agricolae prisci, fortes, parvoque beati, Condita post frumenta, levantes tempore festo 140 Corpus, et ipsum animum spe finis dura ferentem, Cum sociis operum, pueris, et conjuge fida, Tellurem porco, Sylvanum lacte piabant, Floribus et vino Genium, momorem brevis aevi. Fescennina per hunc inventa licentia morem 145 Versibus alternis opprobria rustica fudit ; Libertasque recurrentes accepta per annos Lusit amabiliter, donee jam ssevus apertam In rabiem verti coepit jocus, et per honestas Ire domos impune minax : doluere cruento 150 Dente lacessiti ; fuit intactis quoque cura Conditione super communi : quin etiam lex Pcenaque lata, malo quae nollet carmine quenquam Describi : vertere modum, formidine fustis, Ad benedicendum delectandumque redacti. 155 Grsecia capta ferura victorem cepit, et artes Intulit agresti Latio : sic horridus ille Defluxit numerus Saturnius, et grave virus Munditiae pepulere: sed in longum tamen aevum Manserunt, hodieque manent vestigia ruris. 160 Serus enim Graecis admovit acumina chartis ; Et post Punica bella quietus, quaerere cospit Quid Sophocles et Thespis et iEschylus utile ferrent. Tentavit quoque rem ; si digne vertere posset ; Et placuit sibi, natura sublimis et acer : 165 Nam spirat tragicum satis, et feliciter audet ; Sed turpem putat inscite metuitque lituram. Creditur, ex medio quia res arcessit, habere Sudoris minimum ; sed habet Comcedia tanto EPISTOLARUM LIB. II. 1. 227 Plus oncris, quanto veniae minus. Aspice Plautus 170 Quo pacto partes tutetur amantis ephebi ; Ut patris attenti ; lenonis ut insidiosi : Quantus sit Dossennus edacibus in parasitis ; Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco. Gestit enim nummum in loculos demittere, post hoc 175 Securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo. Quem tulit ad scenam yentoso Gloria curru, Exanimat lentus spectator, sedulus inflat, Sic leve, sic parvum est, animum quod laudis avarum Submit ac reficit. Valeat res ludicra, si me 1 80 Palma negata macrum, donata reducit opimum. Ssepe etiam audacem fugat hoc terretque poetam, Quod numero plures, virtute et honore minores, Indocti stolidique, et depugnare parati, Si discordet eques, media inter carmina poscunt 185 Aut ursum aut pugiles : his nam plebecula gaudet. Verum equiti quoque jam migravit ab aure voluptas Omnis ad incertos oculos et gaudia vana. Quattuor aut plures aulaea premuntur in horas, Dum fugiunt equitum turmse peditumque catervse ; 190 Mox trahitur manibus regum fortuna retortis, Esseda festinant, pilenta, petorrita, naves ; Captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus. Si foret in terris, rideret Democritus ; seu Diversum confusa genus pan th era camelo ; 195 Sive Elephas albus vulgi converteret ora : Spectaret populum ludis attentius ipsis, Ut sibi prsebentem mimo spectacula plura. Scriptores autem narrare putaret asello Fabellam surdo : nam quae pervincere voces 200 Evaluere sonum, referunt quem nostra theatra P Garganum mugire putes nemus, aut mare Tuscum : Tanto cum strepitu ludi spectantur, et artes, Divitiseque peregrin 33 ; quibus oblitus actor Cum stetit in scena, concurrit dcxtera laevae. 205 Q 2 228 Q. HORATII FLACCI Dixit adhuc aliquid ? If Nil sane. U Quid placet ergo ? If Lana Tarentino violas imitata veneno. Ac ne forte putes me, quae facere ipse recusem, Cum recte tractent alii, laudare maligne ; I lie per extentum funem mihi posse videtur 210 Ire poeta, meum qui pectus inaniter angit, Irritat, mulcet, falsis terroribus implet Ut magus ; et modo me Thebis, modo ponit Athenis. Verum age, et his, qui se lectori credere malunt, Quam spectatoris fastidia ferre superbi, 215 Curam redde brevem ; si munus Apolline dignum Vis complere libris, et vatibus addere calcar, Ut studio majore petant Helicoua virentem. Multa quidem nobis facimus mala saepe Poetse, (Ut vineta egomet csedam mea,) cum tibi librum 220 Solicito damus, aut fesso ; cum loedimur, unum Siquis amicorum est ausus reprendere versum ; Cum loca jam recitata revolvimus inrevocati ; Cum lamentamur, non apparere labores Nostros, et tenui deducta poemata filo ; 225 Cum speramus eo rem venturam, ut simul atque Carmina rescieris nos fingere, commodus ultro Arcessas, et egere vetes, et scribere cogas. Sed tamen est opera? pretium cognoscere, quales iEdituos habeat belli spectata domique 230 Virtus, indigno non committenda poetae. Gratus Alexandro regi Magno fuit ille Chcerilus, incultis qui versibus et male natis Rettulit acceptos, regale nomisma, Philippos. Sed veluti tractata notam labemque remittunt 235 Atramenta, fere scriptores carmine foedo Splendida facta linunt. Idem rex ille, poema Qui tarn ridiculum tam care prodigus emit, Edicto vetuit nequis se, praeter Apellen, pingeret, aut alius Lysippo duceret aera 240 Fortis Alexandri vultum simulantia. Quod si - EPISTOLARUM LIU. II. 2. 229 Judicium subtile videndis artibus illud Ad libros et ad hsec Musarum dona vocares, Bceotum in crasso jurares aere natum. At neque dedecorant tua de se judicia, atque 245 Munera, quae multa dantis cum laude tulerunt, Dilecti tibi Virgilius V T ariusque poetae : Nee magis expressi vultus per ahenea signa, Quam per vatis opus mores animique virorum Clarorum apparent. Nee sermones ego mallem 250 Repentes per humum, quam res componere gestas ; Terrarumque situs, et flumina dicere, et arces Montibus impositas, et barbara regna, tuisque Auspiciis totum confecta duella per orbem, Claustraque custodem pacis cohibentia Janum, 255 Et formidatam Parthis te principe Romam ; Si, quantum cuperem, possem quoque : sed neque parvum Carmen majestas recipit tua, nee meus audet Rem tentare pudor, quam vires ferre recusent. Sedulitas autem, stulte quern diligit, urguet 260 Praecipue cum se numeris commendat et arte : Discit enim citius meminitque libentius illud Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur. Nil moror officium quod me gravat : ac neque ficto In pejus vultu proponi cereus usquam, 265 Nee prave factis decorari versibus opto : Ne rubeam pingui donatus munere, et una Cum scriptore meo capsa porrectus aperta, Deferar in vicum vendentem tus et odores, Et piper, et quidquid chartis amicitur ineptis. 2*]0 EPISTOLA II. AD JULIUM FLORUM. Flore, bono claroque fidelis amice Neroni, Siquis forte velit puerum tibi vendere natum 230 a. HORATII FLACCI Tibure vel Gabiis, et tecum sic agat ; Hie et Candidas, et talos a vertice pulcher ad imos, Fiet eritque tuus nummorum millions octo, 5 Verna ministeriis ad nutus aptus heriles, Litterulis Graecis imbutus, idoneus arti Cuilibet, argilla quidvis imitaberis uda: Quin etiam canet indoctum, sed dulce bibenti. Multa fidem promissa levant, ubi plenius aequo 10 Laudat venales, qui vult extrudere, merces. Res urguet me nulla ; meo sum pauper in aere : Nemo hoc mangonum faceret tibi : non temere a me Quivis ferret idem ; semel hie cessavit, et, ut fit, In scalis latuit metuens pendentis habenaB. 15 Des nummos, excepta nihil te si fuga laedit. Ille ferat pretium, pcenae securus, opinor. IT Prudens emisti vitiosum ; dicta tibi est lex : Insequeris tamen hunc, et lite moraris iniqua. H Dixi me pigrum proficiscenti tibi, dixi 20 Talibus oflficiis prope mancum ; ne mea saevus Jurgares ad te quod epistola nulla veniret. Quid turn profeci, mecum facientia jura Si tamen attentas ? Quereris super hoc etiam, quod Exspectata tibi non mittam carmina mendax. 25 Luculli miles collecta viatica multis JErumnis, lassus dum noctu stertit, ad assem Perdiderat : post hoc vehemens lupus, et sibi et hosti Iratus par i ter jejuni s dentibus acer, Praesidium regale loco dejecit, ut aiunt, 30 Summe munito, et multarum divite rerum. Clarus ob id factum, donis ornatur honestis ; Accipit et bis dena super sestertia nummum. Forte sub hoc tempus castellum evertere praetor Nescio quod cupiens, hortari ccepit eundem 35 Verbis quae timido quoque possent addere mentem. I bone quo virtus tua te vocat ; i pede fausto, Grandia laturus meritorum praemia : quid stas ? EPISTOLARUM LIB. II. 2. 231 Post haec ille catus, quantumvis rusticus, Ibit, Ibit eo quo vis, qui zonam perdidit, inquit. 40 Romas nutriri mihi contigit atque doceri, Iratus Graiis quantum nocuisset Achilles : Adjecere bonae paulo plus artis Athenae ; Scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum, Atque inter sylvas Academi quaerere verum. 45 Dura sed emovere loco me tempora grato ; Civilisque rudem belli tulit sestus in arma, Caesaris Augusti non responsura lacertis. Unde simul primum me dimisere Philippi, Decisis humilem pennis, inopemque paterni 50 Et laris et fundi, paupertas impulit audax Ut versus facerem : sed, quod non desit, habentem Quae poterunt unquam satis expurgare cicutae, Ni melius dormire putem quam scribere versus ? Singula de nobis anni praedantur euntes ; 55 Eripuere jocos, venerem, convivia, ludum ; Tendunt extorquere poemata : quid faciam vis ? Denique non omnes eadem mirantur amantque : Carmine tu gaudes ; hie delectatur lambis ; Ille Bioneis sermonibus, et sale nigro. 60 Tres mihi convivas prope dissentire videntur, Poscentes vario multum diversa palato. Quid dem ? quid non dem ? renuis tu, quod jubet alter ; Quod petis, id sane est invisum acidumque duobus. Praeter caetera, me Romaene poemata censes 65 Scribere posse, inter tot curas, totque labores ? Hie sponsum vocat, hie auditum scripta, relictis Omnibus officiis : cubat hie in colle Quirini, Hie extremo in Aventino ; visendus uterque ; Intervalla vides humane commoda. 5T Verum 70 Puree sunt plateae, nihil ut meditantibus obstet. Festinat calidus mulis gerulisque redemtor ; Torquet nunc lapidem, nunc ingens machina tignum ; Tristia robustis luctantur funera plaustris ; 232 Q. HORATII FLACCI Hac rabiosa fugit canis, hac lutulenta ruit sus : *]5 I nunc, et versus tecum meditare canoros. Scriptorum chorus omnis amat nemus, et fugit urbes Rite cliens Bacchi, somno gaudentis et umbra : Tu me inter strepitus nocturnos atque diurnos Vis canere, et contracta sequi vestigia vatum ? 80 Ingenium, sibi quod vacuas desumsit Athenas, Et studiis annos septem dedit, insenuitque Libris et curis, statua taciturn ius exit Plerumque, et risu populum quatit : hie ego rerum Fluctibus in mediis, et tempestatibus urbis, 85 Verba lyrae motura sonum connectere digner ? Frater erat Romae consulti rhetor, ut alter Alterius sermone meros audiret honores ; Gracchus ut hie illi foret, huic ut Mucius ille. Qui minus argutos vexat furor iste poetas ? 90 Carmina compono, hie elegos; mirabile visu Caelatumque novem Musis opus. Aspice primum, Quanto cum fastu, quanto molimine circum- Spectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem. Mox etiam, si forte vacas, sequere, et procul audi 95 Quid ferat, et quare sibi nectat uterque coronam. Csedimur, et totidem plagis consumimus hostem, Lento Samnites ad lumina prima duello. Discedo Alcaeus puncto illius : ille meo quis ? Quis nisi Callimachus ? si plus adposcere visus, 100 Fit Mimnermus, et optivo cognomine crescit. Multa fero, ut placem genus irritabile vatum, Cum scribo, et supplex populi suffragia capto : Idem, finitis studiis, et mente recepta, Obturem patulas impune legentibus aures. 105 Ridentur mala qui componunt carmina : verum Gaudent scribentes, et se venerantur, et ultro, Si taceas, laudant quidquid scripsere, beati. At qui legitimum cupiet fecisse poema, Cum tabulis animum censoris sumet honesti ; 110 EFISTOLAHITM LIB. II. 2. 233 Audebit quaecunque parum splendoris habebunt, Et sine pondere erunt, et honore indigna ferentur, Verba movere loco, quamvis invita recedant, Et versentur adhuc intra penetralia Vestae. Obscurata diu populo bonus eruet, atque 115 Proferet in lucem speciosa vocabula rerum, Quae priscis memorata Catonibus atque Cethegis, Nunc situs informis premit et deserta vetustas : Adsciscet nova, quae genitor produxerit usus. Vehemens et liquidus puroque simillimus amni, 120 Fundet opes, Latiumque beabit divite lingua. Luxuriantia compescet, nimis aspera sano Levabit cultu, virtute carentia toilet : Ludentis speciem dabit ; et torquebitur, ut qui Nunc satyrum, nunc agrestera cyclopa movetur. 125 1[ Praetulerira scriptor delirus inersque videri, Dum mea delectent mala me, vel denique fallant, Quam sapere, et ringi. Fuit haud ignobilis Argis, Qui se credebat miros audire tragcedos, In vacuo laetus sessor plausorque theatro; 130 Caetera qui vitae servaret munia recto More ; bonus sane vicinus, amabilis hospes, Comis in uxorem, posset qui ignoscere servis, Et signo laeso non insanire lagenae, Posset qui rupem et puteuui vitare patentem. 135 Hie ubi cognatorum opibus curisque refectus, Expulit helleboro morbum, bilemque meraco, Et redit ad sese ; Pol, me occidistis amici, Non servastis, ait, cui sic extorta voluptas, Et demtus per vim mentis gratissimus error. 140 H Nimirum sapere est abjectis utile nugis, Et tempestivum pueris concedere ludum ; Ac non verba sequi fidibus modulanda Latinis, Sed verae numerosque modosque ediscere vitae. Quocirca mecum loquor haec, tacitusque recordor; 145 Si tibi nulla sitim finiret copia lymphae, 234 Q HOItATII FLACCI Narrares medicis : quod quanto plura parasti, Tanto plura cupis, nulline faterier audes ? Si vulnus tibi monstrata radice vel herba Non fieret levius, fugeres, radice vel herba 150 Proficiente nihil, curarier ? Audieras, cui Rem dii donarint, illi decedere pravam Stultitiam ; et cum sis nihilo sapientior, ex quo Plenior es ; tarn en uteris monitoribus iisdem ? At si divitiae prudentem reddere possent, 155 Si cupidum timidumque minus te ; nempe ruberes, Viveret in terris te siquis avarior uno. Si proprium est quod quis libra mercatus et aere est, Quaedam, si credis consultis, mancipat usus ; Qui te pascit ager, tuus est ; et villicus Orbi, 160 Cum segetes occat, tibi mox frumenta daturas, Te dominum sentit ; das nummos, accipis uvam, Pullos, ova, cadum temeti : nempe modo isto Paulatim mercaris agrum, fortasse trecentis, Aut etiam supra, nummorum millibus em turn. 165 Quid refert, vivas numerato nuper an olim ? Emtor Aricini quondam Veientis et arvi Emtum ccenat olus, quamvis aliter putat ; emtis Sub noctem gelidam lignis calefactat ahenum ; Sed vocat usque suum, qua populus adsita certis 170 Limitibus vicina refugit jurgia ; tanquam Sit proprium quidquam, puncto quod mobilis horse, Nunc prece, nunc pretio, nunc vi, nunc sorte suprema, Permutet dominos, et cedat in altera jura. Sic quia perpetuus nulli datur usus, et haeres 175 Haeredem alterius, velut unda supervenit undam ; Quid vici profunt, aut horrea ? quidve Calabris Saltibus adjecti Lucani, si metit Orcus Grandia cum parvis, non exorabilis auro ? Gemmas, marmor, ebur, Tyrrhena sigilla, tabellas, 180 Argentum, vestes Gaetulo murice tinctas, Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere. EPISTOLARUM LIB. II. 2. 235 Cur alter fratrum cessarc, et luclere, et ungui Praeferat Hcrodis palmetis pinguibus ; alter, Dives et importunus, et umbram lucis ab ortu 185 Silvestrem flammis et ferro mitiget agrum, Scit Genius, natale comes qui temperat astrum, Naturae Deus humanae, mortalis in unum- Quodque caput, vultu mutabilis, albus et ater. Utar, et ex modico quantum res poscet acervo 190 Tollam ; nee metuam quid de me judicet haeres ; Quod non plura datis invenerit ; et tamen idem Scire volam quantum simplex hilarisque nepoti Discrepet, et quantum discordet parcus avaro. Distat enim, spargas tua prodigus, an neque sum turn 195 Invitus facias, neque plura parare labores ; Ac potius, puer ut festis quinquatribus olim, Exiguo gratoque fruaris tempore raptim. Pauperies immunda domu procul absit : ego, utrum Nave ferar magna an parva, ferar unus et idem. 200 Non agimur tumidis velis Aquilone secundo ; Non tamen adversis astatem ducimus Austris ; Viribus, ingenio, specie, virtute, loco, re, Extremi primorum, extremis usque priores. Non es avarus : abi. Quid caetera ? jam simul isto 205 Cum vitio fugere ? caret tibi pectus inani Ambitione ? caret mortis formidine, et ira ? Somnia, terrores magicos, miracula, sagas, Nocturnos lemures portentaque Thessala rides ? Natales grate numeras ? ignoscis amicis ? 210 Lenior et melior ns accedente senecta ? Quid te exemta juvat spinis de pluribus una ? Vivere si recte nescis, decede peritis. Lusisti satis, edisti satis, atque bibisti ; Tempus abire tibi est ; ne potum largius aequo 215 Rideat et pulset lasciva decentius aetas. Q. HORATII FLACCI DE ARTE POETICA, AD PISONES EPISTOLA. Humano capiti cervicem pictor equinam Jungere si velit, et varias inducere plumas, Undique collatis membris, ut turpiter atrum Desinat in piscem mulier formosa superne, Spectatum admissi risum teneatis, amici ? 5 Credite, Pisones, isti tabulae fore librum Persimilem, cujus, velut aegri somnia, vanae Fin gen tur species ; ut nee pes, nee caput uni Reddatur formae. If Pictoribus atque poetis Quidlibet audendi semper fuit aequa potestas. 10 51 Scimus, ethane veniam petimusque damusque vicissim: Sed non ut placidis coeant immitia ; non ut Serpentes avibus geminentur, tigribus agni. Inceptis gravibus plerumque et magna professis Purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter 15 Assuitur pannus ; cum lucus et ara Dianae, Et properantis aquae per amoenos ambitus agros, Aut flumen Rhenum, aut pluvius describitur arcus : Sed nunc non erat his locus : et fortasse cupressum Scis simulare ; quid hoc, si fractis enatat exspes 20 Navibus, aere dato qui pingitur ? amphora ccepit Institui ; currente rota cur urceus exit ? Denique sit quod vis, simplex duntaxat et unum. Maxima pars vatum, pater et juvenes patre digni, Decipimur specie recti : brevis esse laboro, 25 Obscurus fio : sectantem lenia nervi Deficiunt animique : professus grandia turget : DE ARTE POETICA, AD PTSONES. 237 Serpit humi tutus nimium ; timidusque procella?. Qui variare cupit rem prodigialiter unam, Delphinum sylvis appingit, fluctibus aprum. 30 In vitium ducit culpae fuga, si caret arte. M milium circa ludum faber imus et ungues Exprimet, et molles imitabitur aere capillos, Infelix operis summa, quia ponere totum Nesciet: hunc ego me, siquid componere curem, 35 Non magis esse velim, quam pravo vivere naso, Spectandum nigris oculis nigroque capillo, Sumite materiam vestris qui scribitis aequam Viribus, et versate diu quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant humeri : cui lecta potenter erit res, 40 Nee facundia deseret hunc, nee lucidus ordo. Ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor, Ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici Pleraque differat, et praesens in tempus omittat. In verbis etiam tenuis cautusque serendis : 45 Hoc amet, hoc spernat promissi carminis auctor. Dixeris egregie, notum si callida verbum Reddiderit junctura novum. Si forte necesse est Indiciis monstrare recentibus abdita rerum, Eingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis 50 Continget ; dabiturque licentia sumpta pudenter. Et nova fictaque nuper habebunt verba iidem, si Graeco fonte cadant, parce detorta : quid autem Caecilio Plautoque dabit Romanus, ademtum Virgilio Varioque ? ego cur, acquirere pauca 55 Si possum, invideor, cum lingua Catonis et Enni Sermon em patrium ditaverit, et nova rerum Nomina protulerit ? Licuit, semperque licebit, Signatum praesente nota procudere nomen. Ut silvae foliis pronos mutantur in annos ; 6*0 Prima cadunt : ita verborum vetus interit aetas, Et juvenum ritu florent modo nata, vigentque. Debemur morti nos nostraque ; sive receptus 238 Q. HORATII FLACCI Terra Neptunus classes Aquilonibus arcet, Regis opus ; sterilisque diu palus, aptaque remis, 65 Vicinas urbes alit, et grave sentit aratrum ; Seu cursum mutavit iniquum frugibus amnis, Doctus iter melius : mortalia facta peribunt ; Nedum sermonum stet honos, et gratia vivax. Multa renascentur quae jam cecidere, cadentque *J0 Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus, Quern penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi- Res gestae regumque ducumque, et tristia bella, Quo scribi possent numero, monstravit Homerus. Versibus impariter junctis querimonia primum, *J5 Post etiam inclusa est voti sententia compos : Quis tamen exiguos elegos emiserit auetor, Grammatici certant, et adhuc sub judice lis est. Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo : Hunc socci cepere pedem, grandesque cothurni, 80 Alternis aptum sermonibus, et populares Vincentem strepitus, et natum rebus agendis. Musa dedit fidibus Divos, puerosque Deorum, Et pugilem victorem, et equum certamine primum, Et juvenum curas, et libera vina referre. 85 Descriptas servare vices operumque colores Cur ego si nequeo ignoroque, Poeta salutor ? Cur nescire, pudens prave, quam discere malo ? Versibus exponi tragicis res comica non vult : Indignatur item privatis, ac prope socco 90 Dignis carminibus narrari ccena Thyestae. Singula quaeque locum teneant sortita decenter. Interdum tamen et vocem comcedia tollit, Iratusque Chremes tumido delitigat ore : Et tragicus plerumque dolet sermone pedestri. 95 Telephus et Peleus, cum pauper et exsul, uterque Projicit ampullas, et sesquipedalia verba, Si curat cor spectantis tetigisse querela. Non satis est pulclira esse poemata ; dulcia sunto, DE AETE TOETICA, AD PISONES. 239 Et quocunque volent, animum auditoris agunto. 100 Ut ridentibus arrident, ita flentibus adsunt Humani vultus: si vis me flere, dolendum est Primum ipsi tibi ; tunc tua me infortunia laedent. Telephe, vel Peleu, male si mandata loqueris, Aut dormitabo, aut ridebo : tristia mcestum 105 Vultum verba decent; iratum, plena minarum ; Ludentem, lasciva; severum, seria dictu. Format enim natura prius nos intus ad omnem Fortunarum habitum ; juvat, aut impellit ad iram, Aut ad humum mcerore gravi deducit, et angit; 110 Post effert animi motus interprete lingua. Si dicentis erunt fortunis absona dicta, Romani tollent equites peditesque cachinnum. Intererit multum Davusne loquatur, an Heros ; Maturusne senex, an adhuc florente juventa 115 Fervidus ; et matrona potens, an sedula nutrix ; Mercatorne vagus, cultorne virentis agelli ; Colchus, an Assyrius ; Thebis nutritus, an Argis. Aut famam sequere, aut sibi convenientia finge, Scriptor. Honoratum si forte reponis Achiilem; 120 Impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer, Jura neget sibi nata, nihil non arroget armis : Sit Medea ferox invictaque, flebilis Ino, Perfidus Ixion, Io vaga, tristis Orestes. Siquid inexpertum scense committis, et audes 125 Personam formare novam, servetur ad imum Qualis ab incepto processerit, et sibi constet Difficile est proprie communia dicere: tuque Hectius Iliacum carmen deducis in actus, Quam si proferres ignota indictaque primus. 130 Publica materies privati juris erit, si Nee circa vilem patulumque moraberis orbem : Nee verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus Interpres ; nee desilies imitator in arctum, Unde pedem proferre pudor vetet, aut operis lex. 135 240 Q. HORATII FLACCI Nec sic incipies, ut scriptor cyclicus olim ; " Fortunam Priami cantabo et nobile bellum." Quid dignum tanto feret hie promissor hiatu ? Parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Quanto rectius hie, qui nil molitur inepte: 140 " Die mihi, Musa, virum, captae post tempora Trojae, " Qui mores hominum multorum vidit et urbes." Non Fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo dare lucem Cogitat, ut speciosa dehinc miracula promat, Antiphaten, Scyllamque, et cum Cyclope Charybdin ; 1 45 Nec reditum Diomedis ab interitu Meleagri, Nec gemino bellum Trojanum orditur ab ovo. Semper ad even turn festinat, et in medias res, Non secus ac notas, auditorem rapit, et quae Desperat tractata nitescere posse, relinquit; 150 Atque ita mentitur, sic veris falsa remiscet, Primo ne medium, medio ne discrepet imum. Tu, quid ego, et populus mecum desideret, audi. Si plausoris eges aulasa manentis, et usque Sessuri donee cantor, Vos plaudite, dicat, 155 iEtatis cujusque notandi sunt tibi mores ; Mobilibusque decor naturis dandus et annis. Reddere qui voces jam scit puer, et pede certo Signat humum, gestit paribus colludere, et iram Colligit ac ponit temere, et mutatur in horas. 160 Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto, Gaudet equis canibusque, et aprici gramine campi ; Cereus in vitium flecti, monitoribus asper, Utilium tardus provisor, prodigus aeris, Sublimis, cupidusque, et amata relinquere pernix. 165 Conversis studiis, aetas animusque virilis Quaerit opes et amicitias, inservit honori, Commisisse cavet quod mox mutare laboret. Multa senem circumveniunt incommoda ; vel quod Quaerit, et inventis miser abstinet, ac timet uti ; 1 *J0 Vel quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat, DE ARTE l'OETICA, AD P1SONES. 241 Dilator, spe longus, iners, avidusquc futuri, Difficilis, querulus, laudator temporis acti Se puero, censor castigatorque minorum. , Multa ferunt anni venientes commoda secum, 175 Multa recedentes adimunt. Ne forte seniles Mandentur juveni partes, pueroque viriles, Semper in adjunctis aevoque morabimur aptis. Aut agitur res in scenis, aut acta refertur. Segnius irritant animos demissa per aurem, 180 Quam quae sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus, et quae Ipse sibi tradit spectator. Non tamen intus Digna geri, promes in seen am : multaque tolles Ex oculis, quae mox narret facundia praesens. Nee pueros coram populo Medea trucidet, " 185 Aut humana palam coquat exta nefarius Atreus, Aut in avem Progne vertatur, Cadmus in anguem ; Quodcunque ostendis mihi sic, incredulus odi. Neve minor, neu sit quinto productior actu Fabula, quae posci vult, et spectata reponi : 190 Nee Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Incident : nee quarta loqui persona laboret. Actoris partes chorus officiumque virile Defendat ; neu quid medios intercinat actus, Quod non proposito conducat et haereat apte : 195 Ille bonis faveatque et consilietur amice ; Et regat iratos, et amet peccare timentes : Ille dapes laudet mensae brevis : ille salubrem Justitiam, legesque, et apertis otia portis : Ille tegat commissa ; Deosque precetur et oret, 200 Ut redeat miseris, abeat fortuna superbis. Tibia non, ut nunc orichalco vincta, tubaeque iEmula, sed tenuis simplexque foramine pauco Aspirare, et adesse choris erat utilis, atque Nondum spissa nimis complere sedilia flatu ; 205 Quo sane populus numerabilis, utpote parvus, Et frugi, castusque verecundusque coibat. 242 Q. HORATII FLACCI Postquam ccepit agros extendere victor, et urbem Latior amplecti murus, vinoque diurno Placari Genius festis impune diebus, 210 Accessit numerisque modisque licentia major. Indoctus quid enim saperet, liberque laborum, Rusticus urbano confusus, turpis honesto : Sic priscae motumque et luxuriem addidit arti Tibicen, traxitque vagus per pulpita vestem : 215 Sic etiam fidibus voces crevere severis, Et tulit eloquium insolitum facundia praeceps ; Utiliumque sagax rerum, et divina futuri, Sortilegis non discrepuit sententia Delphis. Carmine qui tragico vilem certavit ob hircum, 220 Mox etiam agrestes Satyros nudavit, et asper Incolumi gravitate jocum tentavit, eo quod Illecebris erat et grata novitate morandus Spectator, functusque sacris, et potus, et exlex. Verum ita risores, ita commendare dicaces 225 Conveniet Satyros, ita vertere seria ludo ; Ne quicunque Deus, quicunque adhibebitur heros, Regali conspectus in auro nuper et ostro, Migret in obscuras humili sermone tabernas; Aut, dum vitat humum, nubes et inania captet. 230 Effutire leves indigna tragcedia versus ; Ut festis matrona moveri jussa diebus, Intererit Satyris paulum pudibunda protervis. Non ego inornata et dominantia nomina solum, Verbaque, Pisones, Satyrorum scriptor amabo; 235 Nee sic enitar tragico differre colori, Ut nihil intersit Davusne loquatur, et audax Pythias, emuncto lucrata Sim one talentum, An custos famulusque Dei Silenus alumni. Ex noto fictum carmen sequar, ut sibi quivis 240 Speret idem; sudet multum, frustraque laboret Ausus idem : tantum series juncturaque pollet ; Tan turn de medio sumtis accedit honoris. DE ARTE POETICA, AD PISONES. 243 Silvis deducti caveant, me judice, Fauni, Ne, velut innati triviis ac pene forenses, 245 Aut nimium teneris juvenentur versibus unquam ; Aut immunda crepent ignominiosaque dicta: Offenduntur enim quibus est equus, et pater, et res ; Nee, siquid fricti ciceris probat, et nucis emtor, /Equis accipiunt animis, donantve corona. 250 Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur Iambus ; Pes citus ; unde etiam trimetris accrescere jussit Nomen Iambeis, cum senos redderet ictus, Primus ad extremum similis sibi : non ita pridem, Tardior ut paulo graviorque veniret ad aures, 255 Spondeos stabiles in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens ; non ut de sede secunda Cederet aut quarta socialiter : hie et in Acci Nobilibus Trimetris apparet rarus, et Enni. In scenam missos magno cum pondere versus, 260 Aut operae celeris nimium curaque carentis, Aut ignoratae premit artis crimine turpi. Non quivis videt immodulata poemata judex ; Et data Romanis venia est indigna poetis. Idcircone vager, scribamque licenter ? Ut omnes 265 Visuros peccata putem mea, tutus, et intra Spem veniae cautus; vitavi denique culpam, Non laudem merui. Vos exemplaria Grseca Nocturna versate manu, versate diurna. At vestri proavi Plautinos et numeros, et 270 Laudavere sales ; nimium patienter utrumque, Ne dicam stulte, mirati ; si modo ego et vos Scimus inurbanum lepido seponere dicto, Legitimumque sonum digitis callemus et aure. Ignotum tragicae genus invenisse Camcenas 275 Dicitur, et plaustris vexisse poemata Thespis, Quae canerent agerentque peruncti faecibus ora. Post hunc personae, pallaeque repertor honestae TEschylus, et modicis instravit pulpita tignis, r 2 244* Q. HORATII FLACCl Et docuit magnumque loqui, nitique cothurno. 280 Successit vetus his Comcedia, non sine multa Laude; sed in vitium libertas excidit, et vim Dignam lege regi: lex est accepta, chorusque Turpiter obticuit, sublato jure nocendi. Nil intentatum nostri liquere Poetae : 285 Nee minimum meruere decus, vestigia Graeca Ausi deserere, et celebrare domestica facta ; Vel qui praetextas, vel qui docuere togatas. Nee virtute foret clarisve potentius armis, Quam lingua, Latium, si non offenderet unum- 290 Quemque Poetarum limae labor et mora. Vos, O Pompilius sanguis, carmen reprehendite quod non Multa dies et multa litura coercuit, atque Praesectum decies non castigavit ad unguem, Ingenium misera quia fortunatius arte 295 Credit, et excludit sanos Helicone poetas Democritus, bona pars non ungues ponere curat, Non barbam, secreta petit loca, balnea vitat. Nanciscetur enim pretium nomenque poetae, Si tribus Anticyris caput insanabile nunquam 300 Tonsori Licino commiserit. O ego laevus, Qui purgor bilem sub verni temporis horam ! Non alius faceret meliora poemata ; verum Nil tanti est ; ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quae ferrum valet, exsors ipsa secandi : 305 Munus et officium, nil scribens ipse, docebo; Unde parentur opes ; quid alat formetque poetam ; Quid deceat, quid non ; quo virtus, quo ferat error. Scribendi recte, sapere est et principium et fons : Rem tibi Socraticae poterunt ostendere chartie : 310 Verbaque provisam rem non invita sequentur. Qui didicit patriae quid debeat, et quid amicis, Quo sit amore parens, quo frater amandus et hospes, Quod sit conscripti, quod judicis officium, quae Partes in bellum missi duels, ille profecto 315 DE ARTE POETICA, AD PISONES. 245 Reddere personam scit convcnientia cuiquc. Respicere exemplar vitae morumque jubebo Doctum imitatorem, et veras hinc ducere voces. Interdum speciosa locis morataque recte Fabula, nullius veneris, sine pondcre et arte, 320 Valdius oblectat populum meliusque moratur, Quam versus inopes rerum, nugaeque canora\ Graiis ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui, praeter laudem nullius avaris : Romani pueri longis rationibus assem 325 Discunt in partes centum diducere. 51 Dicat Filius Albini, Si de quincunce remota est Uncia, quid superat? H Poteras dixisse, Triens. H Eu? Rem poteris servare tuam. Redit uncia, quid fit? If Semis. H An, haec animos aerugo et curapeculi 330 Cum semel imbuerit, speramus carmina fingi Posse linenda cedro, et levi servanda cupresso ? Aut prodesse volunt aut delectare poetae, Aut simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitae. Quicquid praecipies, esto brevis ; ut cito dicta 335 Percipiant animi dociles, teneantque fideles : Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. Ficta voluptatis causa, sint proxima veris; Ne, quodcunque volet, poscat sibi fabula credi, Neu pransae Lamiae vivum puerum extrahat alvo. 340 Centuriae seniorum agitant expertia frugis ; Celsi praetereunt austera poemata Rhamnes : Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci, Lectorem delectando, pariterque monendo. Hie meret aera liber Sosiis ; hie et mare transit, 345 Et longum noto scriptori prorogat aevum. Sunt delicta tamen quibus ignovisse velimus : Namneque chorda sonum reddit quern vult manus et mens, Poscentique gravem persaepe remittit acutum ; Nee semper feriet quodcunque minabitur arcus. 350 Verum ubi plura nitent in carmine, non ego paucis 246 Q. HORATII FLACCI Offendar maculis, quas aut incuria fudit, Aut humana parum cavit natura. Quid ergo est ? Ut scriptor si peccat idem librarius usque, Quamvis est monitus, venia caret ; et citharcedus 355 Ridetur, chorda qui semper oberrat eadem : Sic mihi, qui multum cessat, fit Chcerilus ille, Quern bis terque bonum, cum risu miror; et idem Indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus ? Verum operi longo fas est obrepere somnum. 360 Ut pictura, poesis : erit quae, si propius stes Te capiat magis, et quaedam, si longius abstes. Haec amat obscurum, volet hasc sub luce videri, Judicis argutum quae non formidat acumen : Haec placuit semel, haec decies repetita placebit, 365 O major juvenum, quamvis et voce paterna Fingeris ad rectum, et per te sapis, hoc tibi dictum Tolle memor; certis medium et tolerabile rebus Recte concedi: con sultus juris et actor Causarum mediocris abest virtute diserti 3JQ Messalae, nee scit quantum Cascellius Aulus ; Sed tamen in pretio est ; mediocribus esse poetis Non homines, non Dii, non concessere columnae. Ut gratas inter mensas symphonia discors Et crassum unguentum, et Sardo cum melle papaver 375 Offendunt ; poterat duci quia ceena sine istis : Sic animis natum inventumque poema juvandis, Si paulum a summo decessit, vergit ad imum. Ludere qui nescit campestribus abstinet armis, Indoctusque pilse discive trochive quiescit, 380 Ne spissse risum tollant impune coron33 : Qui nescit, versus tamen audet fingere! ^[ Quid ni? Liber et ingenuus, praasertim census equestrem Summam nummorum, vitioque remotus ab omni. *f[ Tu nihil invita dices faciesve Minerva ; 385 Id tibi judicium est> ea mens: siquid tamen olim Scripseris, in Maeci descendat judicis aures, DE ARTE TOETICA, AD PISONES. 247 Et patris, et nostras, nonumque prematur in annum, Membranis intus positis. Delcre liccbit, Quod non edideris ; nescit vox missa reverti. 390 Silvestres homines sacer interpresque Deorum Crt3dibuset victu foedo deterruit Orpheus; Dictus ob hoc lenire tigres, rabidosque leones : Dictus et Amphion Thebanae conditor arcis Saxa movere sono testudinis, et prece blanda 395 Ducere quo vellet: fuit haec sapientia quondam, Publica privatis secernere, sacra profanis, Concubitu prohibere vago, dare jura maritis, Oppida moliri, leges incidere ligno : Sic honor et nomen divinis vatibus atque 400 Carminibus venit. Post hos insignis Homerus, Tyrtaeusque mares animos in Martia bella Versibus exacuit ; dictae per carmina sortes ; Et vitae monstrata via est ; et gratia regum Pieriis tentata modis : ludusque repertus, 405 Et longorum operum finis : ne forte pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae solers, et cantor Apollo. Natura fieret laudabile carmen, an arte, Quaesitum est : ego nee studium sine divite vena ; Nee rude quid possit video ingenium : alterius sic 410 Altera poscit opem res, et conjurat amice. Qui studet optatam cursu contingere metam, Multa tulit fecitque puer ; sudavit et alsit ; Abstinuit venere et vino : qui Pythia cantat Tibicen, didicit prius extimuitque magistrum. 415 Nee satis est dixisse, " Ego mira poemata pango : " Occupet extremum scabies ; mihi turpe relinqui est, " Et, quod non didici, sane nescire fateri". Ut praeco ad merces turbam qui cogit emendas, Assentatores jubet ad lucrum ire poeta 420 Dives agris, dives positis in fcenore nummis. Si vero est, unctum qui recte ponere possit, Et spondere levi pro paupere, et eripere atris 248 Q. HORATII FLACCI Litibus implicitum, mirabor si sciet inter- Noscere mendacem verumque beatus amicum. 425 Tu seu donaris, seu quid donare voles cui, Nolito ad versus tibi factos ducere plenum Laetitiae ; clamabit enim, Pulchre! bene! recte! Pallescet; super his etiam stillabit amicis Ex oculis rorem ; saliet, tundet pede terram. 430 Ut qui conducti plorant in funere, dicunt Et faciunt prope plura dolentibus ex animo ; sic Derisor vero plus laudatore movetur. Reges dicuntur multis urguere culullis, Et torquere mero, quern perspexisse laborent 435 An sit amicitia dignus : si carmina condes, Nunquam te fallant animi sub vulpe latentes. Quintilio siquid recitares, Corrige sodes Hoc, aiebat, et hoc : melius te posse negares, Bis terque expertum frustra, delere jubebat, 440 Et male tornatos incudi reddere versus, Si defendere delictum quam vertere malles, Nullum ultra verbum aut operam sumebat inanem; Quin sine rivali teque et tua solus amares. Vir bonus et prudens versus reprehendet inertes, 445 Culpabit duros, incomtis allinet atrum Transverso calamo signum, ambitiosa recidet Ornamenta, parum claris lucem dare coget, Arguet ambigue dictum, mutanda hotabit ; Fiet Aristarchus ; non dicet, Cur ego amicum 450 Offendam in nugis ? Hse nugae seria ducent In mala derisum semel exceptumque sinistre. Ut mala quern scabies aut morbus regius urguet, Aut fanaticus error et iracunda Diana, Vesanum tetigisse timent fugiuntque poetam 455 Qui sapiunt ; agitant pueri, incautique sequuntur. Hie, dum sublimis versus ructatur et errat, Si veluti merulis intentus decidit auceps In puteum foveamve, licet Succurrite, longum BE ARTE POETICA, AD PISONtiS. 249 Clamet, Io cives ! non sit qui tollere curet : 460 Si curet quis opem ferre, et demittere funem, Qui scis an prudens hue se dejecerit, atque Servari nolit ? dicam, Siculique poetae Narrabo interitum : Deus immortalis haberi Dum cupit Empedocles, ardentem frigidus iEtnam 465 Insiluit; sit jus liceatque perire poetis : Invitum qui servat, idem facit occidenti: Nee semel hoc fecit : nee, si retractus erit, jam Fiet homo, et ponet famosae mortis amorem. Nee satis apparet cur versus factitet; utrum 470 Minxerit in patrios cineres, an triste bidental Moverit incestus ; certe furit, ac velut ursus Objectos caveae valuit si frangere clathros, Indoctum doctumque fugat recitator acerbus : Quem vero arripuit, tenet occiditque legendo, 475 Non missura cutem, nisi plena cruoris, hirudo. ERRATA. PRELIMINARY DISSERTATION, ETC. Page (7), line 30, for 8vo read 4to (27), line 8, for translation read transition (30), lines 26, 7, dele "in sacrificia " (32), line 2, for (10th) read (12th) (74), last line, read a comma at next, TEXT. 1 S. iv., line 69, for Cceli Birrique read Cceli Birrique 80, for jacis : read jacis ? 2 S. ii., line 34, read a full point at est. 2 S. in., line 166, for Naviger read Naviget 2 S. viii., line 86, for puei read pueri 3 C iv., line 4, for Sue read Seu 3 C. xxvi., line 9, for beatum read beatam 1 E. vi., line 2, read a full point at beatum. 27, for comma, read a full point at Ancus 60, for et read ut 2 E. ii., line 151, for curarier? read curarier. Ad Pis., line 65, for diu palus read palus prius [with JBentley] PUBLISHED FOR THE SAME AUTHOR. L The Fourth Edition, price 5s., of AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPAL GREEK TRAGIC AND COMIC METRES, WITH AN APPENDIX ON SYLLABIC QUANTITY IN HOMER AND ARISTOPHANES. TO WHICH ARE ADDED TREATISES ON THE SAPPHIC STANZA AND THE ELEGIAC DISTICH. II. A New Edition, price 2s. 6c?., of RICHMOND RULES TO FORM THE OVIDIAN DISTICH, WITH SOME HINTS ON THE TRANSITION TO THE VIRG1LIAN HEXAMETER, AND AN INTRODUCTORY PREFACE. III. TRACTS ON THE CASES, PREPOSITIONS, AND SYNTAX OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE. BY MR. TATE AND PROFESSOR MOOR. 8vo. 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