.0* ,»VL'* V V »' • /^^^^.A ^^■i" 'bV rAQ^ .^^ V- ^o. '^Trr.' ,0^ V''*^*y^ "o^'^^'^o' ^<.^'*7^'*y -o^ v'^-;/ v^%°' ^;^\/ %*^'/ V^\/ %*^V.-. '^' •1 O fM^ .J'\ .** • v.-, ^..^/ ..^-, u^^^^ ,^, **,^/ .•^', *,^^/,- .,.'-• /\ •-^•" **'% ••^^•" /\ '•.^••" 4*'% •.^•" /% ■'•-' - ^■'^^^^^.X. .c°^.i^l'>o .,^^\^;,:^/\. /..^%>o ..-^*\v:^.\ / --- •^- :. '-^^0^ 0^, 4 o n a I HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY NINETEENTH CENTURY. ACCURATE AND SUCCINCT BIOGRAPHIES OF FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN IN ALL WALKS OF LIFE WHO ARE OR HAVE BEEN THE ACKNOWLEDGED LEADERS OF LIFE AND THOUGHT OF THE UNITED STATES SINCE ITS FORMATION, ENTIRELY COVERING THE FIELD OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, HISTORY, POL- ITICS, COMMERCE. AND THE MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ARTS. ILLUSTRATED WITH PORTRAITS. EDITED AND COMPILED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THOMAS WILLIAM H E RR I N GS H AW, AUTHOR OF BOMB OCCUPATIONS, PRO.MINENT MEN AND WOMEN OF THE DAY, AIDS TO LITERARY SUCCESS MULTEROLOGY, LOCAL AKD NATIONAL POETS OF AMERICA, AND OTHER WORKS ASSISTED BY A CORPS OF WELL KNOWN WRITERS BUT THERE ARE DEEDS WHICH SHALL NOT PASS AWAY, AND NAMES THAT MUST NOT WITHER, THOUGH THE EARTH FORGEl^ HER EMPIRES WITH A JUST DECAY. • " BYRON. CHICAGO, ILL.: AMERICAN PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION. 1906 ^ iHurfap fr in ,jn» PREFACE. The Nineteenth Century has been a period of activity and of hitherto unparalleled achieve- ments that have been manifested, especially in America, by the great progress made in every line of human effort. And now that this wonderful era has drawn to a close, the time was ripe, before the passage of years had worn off the sharpness of impressions, to collect and perpetuate the names and deeds of those who merit commemoration. In the conception of Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography, we have been m- fluenced chiefly by the knowledge that although nearly every nation has its own Encyclopedia of Biography, the United States has not produced one distinctively its own. In all Encyclopedias of American Biography so much space has been given to extended biographies, and so much to noted men of foreign countries, that to make room for them the publishers have entirely ignored the biographies of thousands of noted American Authors, Poets, Journalists, Publishers, Clergymen, Reformers, Ed- ucators, Lecturers, Lawyers, Jurists, Soldiers, Statesmen, Musicians, Singers, Painters, Sculptors, Scientists, Philosophers, Inventors, Explorers, Successful Merchants, Manufacturers and Builders, and men and women in all walks of life, who are worthy of representation in a work of this character. An Encyclopedia of American Biography that contains the names of but one-half of the noted personages of the United States is as inadequate to meet public requirements as a dictionary would be that contained but one-half the words of the English language. Neither is a ponderous work of sev- eral volumes suitable for the general use of the public. Hence,taking all these things into consid- eration, there was an open field for this work ; and the close of the Nineteenth Century made the time an especially appropriate and auspicious one for its publication. What was wanted was an Encyclopedia of American Biography that would be a standard book of biographical reference for the American people, as Webster's Unabridged Dictionary is a stand- ard on Orthography— accurate, concise and complete. Accordingly, the design of this work has been to give in one volume a manual of reference containing in a condensed form appropriate notices of all per- sons who have risen to any considerable degree of prominence. Although ostensibly the work was to be confined to biographies of noted men and women who are living or have lived in the Nine- teenth Century, it has been given a wider scope, in order to make it more complete, by including all the more distinguished personages from the earliest settlement of the United States. The most attractive form of history is biography, which perpetuates the memory of individuals, and, while aptly illustrating the conduct of life, conveys important lessons. History, it has been well said, does not much regard fertile soil or material wealth ; but the admirable men and women that a country produces— they are the glory of the country. In every city, town and village are men and women of character and influence, who have contributed by their enterprise and thrift, by their activity and sagacity in business, their zeal in educational, in religious, and in political matters, to the moral and spiritual advancement as well as to the material prosperity of the community in which they live. What man has done man may do. Biographies of representative people, intimately connected with the development of the resources of their country, illustrate what energy, with a firm will and fixed purpose, has hitherto accomplished and can yet achieve. As the failure to consider the lives of men of affairs as of historical importance is a defective feature of the great biographical works heretofore published, a special feature of this work has been to include the lives of the great pioneers, merchants, manufacturers, railroad builders, and other prac- tical men who have developed the mines, forests and farms, built the railroads, steamboat lines and can- als, set afloat and managed the shipping, organized the corporations, and introduced the new processes in science and mechanics, which have so greatly reduced the cost and promoted the comfort of living, while contributing to the power and prestige of the nation itself. They have founded the great mu- PREFACE. seums, erected statues, libraries and reading rooms; and it is by them that the colleges, schools and philanthropic institutions are built and maintained ; and it surely is befitting that their records should be preserved for all time. In preparing this Encyclopedia, the compiler has restricted his description to sketches merely biographical, and has not criticised the individual, nor reviewed his attainments. But brief as are these biograpliical sketches, they are certainly a medium of introduction to the reader, especially when ac- companied with a portrait ; as from the combination of portrait and biography the utmost degree of utility and pleasure may be derived. The contemplation of a portrait creates a desire to know more of the subject : and reading of the attainments of a person, makes the reader anxious to behold his counte- nance — hence one supplies the absence of the other. Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography comprises a varied collection of names that has cost infinite pains and expense to obtain, containing as it does the lives and achievements of more than twenty-five thousand famous men and women in all walks of life who are* or have been the acknowledged leaders of life and thought of the United States since its formation, entirely covering the field of literature, science, history, politics, commerce, and the mechanical and industrial arts. In con- sequence of the almost inaccessibility of facts concerning the lives of many of the subjects contained in this work, the daily press, current magazines, and hundreds of genealogical and biographical works have been largely drawn upon for material, and thus many important facts and interesting reminiscences have been rescued from oblivion that add greatly to the value of the work. Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography includes succinct biographies of all the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United States ; every member of all the cabinets ; every United States Senator and Speaker of the House; every United States Congressman; every member of the Supreme Court ; every signer of the Declaration of Independence ; the Governors of the States and Terri- tories; all the Authors, Poets and Composers ; all the eminent Clergymen, Judges, Lawyers; all the Admirals and distinguished naval officers ; all the Generals and distinguished army officers ; while no name eminent in Literature, Art, Music, Science or Invention has been omitted. The courteous co-operation and words of praise received from prominent people throughout the United States, confirmed the opinion that the public was sufficiently alive to the value and importance or such a work, and the lasting benefit to be derived from placing their names, side by side with those of o«r most honored ones, in a volume that w-ill be found in public libraries and reading rooms through- out the world, and which is ultimately destined to go down to posterity as an enduring record of the most eminent people of the United States ; bearing in mind that without such a record some of the most illustrious names would be lost in oblivion, and their posterity deprived of the gratification and ad- vantage of reference to so honorable an ancestry. After three years of arduous labor we have succeeded beyond our expectations in compiling the most important and comprehensive work of the century — a monumental record which is a credit to the nation and to the world, and will prove to be more lasting than inscriptions on stone, and more enduring than shafts of marble. We cannot conclude without reiterating our grateful acknowledgments to our numerous friends in all parts of tbe United States, not only for valuable information of various kinds, but still more for the generous n-ords of encouragement which we have received from them during our long and arduous labors. We feel confident that this general expression of our gratitude will be more acceptable to most of them than a more particular and open acknowledgment of their disinterested kindness. For the material aid and courteous co-operation of the press and public, especially contributors and their friends who have so kindly furnished genealogical works and data, clippings from newspapers and magazines, manuscripts and other material, our thanks are freely and sincerely given. Indeed, without such co-operation, Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography could scarcely have assumed its present magnitude. Thomas William Herringshaw. Chicago, 111. . ADDENDA. AMES, JOHN GRIFFITH, clergyman, public official, author, was born Dec. 11, 1834, in East Dorset, Vt. He was educat- ed at Burr Seminary of Manchester, Vt.: at Williams college of Massachusetts; and at the Theological Seminary of Ohio at Gambier. He is a clergyman and offi- cer of the United States government. He is the author of Comprehensive Index to Publications of the United State Govern- ment; and Reports on Public Documents. Since 1874 he has been superintendent of documents in the United States de- partment of the interior. ATWOOD, JOHN HARRISON, lawyer, political economist, was born Sept. 12, 1860, in Phillipstown, Mass. He was educated in the public schools of Athol and Ayer. Mass.; studied for one year in Europe; attended the academical de- partment of Harvard University; and in 1884 graduated from the Harvard Law School. Since 1885 he has been active- ly engaged in the practice of law in Leavenworth. Kan. In 1886-92 he was County Attorney for Leavenworth Coun- ty, Kan.; and has filled various other po- sitions of trust and honor. Since 1892 he has been a delegate to every demo- cratic national convention. He wa& for- merly law partner of Hon. Luc'en Bak- er, United States Senator from Kansas; and formerly also a law partner of Hon. William C. Hook, Judge United States Circuit Court of Appeals. He is a mem- ber of the democratic national commit- tee for Kansas for the term of 1904-08. BACON, JERRY DEMPSTER, busi- ness man, state senator v.'as born June 24. 1865. in Waverly. Iowa. He was edu- cated in the public and jirivate schools of his native state. He is a succes.-;fiil business man; part proprietor of the Hotel Dacotah of Grand Forks. N. D.; and prominently identified wth the busi- ness and pub'.ic affairs of his city, county and state. He is a member of the North Dakota state senate for the term of 1903-07. BAILEY, LEON ORLANDO, lawyer, state senator, was born June 21. 1857, in Wellsboro, Tioga County, Pa. He was educated at Cornell University; and soon attained success in the practice of law. In 1885-89 he was a member of the Indi- ana State Senate; for four years he ■nas first ass'stant Attorney-General for the state of Indiana; and for two years was first assistant United States At- torney for the District of Indiana. For a term of two years he was Corporation Counsel for the City of Indianapolis; and in 1898 was' nominee of the democratic party for Congress from the seventh Congressional District of Ind'ana. In 1902 he removed to New York City; and has since been there engaged in the practice of his profession. BANK, HENRY, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 23. 1843. in Hanover, Germany. He came to the United States at the age of six years; and was educated in the pub- lic schools of Lee County, Iowa. In 1875- 77 was Recorder of Deeds for Lee Coun- ty; and in 1881-83 was pol'ce magistrate of Keokuk, Iowa. In 1883-95 he was Judge of the Superior Court of Keokuk; and since 1S96 has been Judge of the First Dis'trict Court of Iowa. BARELA, CASIMIRO, ranchman, leg- islator, was born March 4, 1847, in Mora, N. M. He received his education in New Mexico. Early in life he moved to Colorado; and is now a successful cat- tle and sheep grower of Trinidad, Colo. In 1872-74 he was a member of the Terri- torial Legislature; and in 1875 was a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion. Since 1876 he has been a member of the State Senate of Colorado, his pre- sent term expiring in 1908, which will make a total length of service of thirty- two years in the senate, a much longer service than any living man has ever served in the United States. BAROUSSE, HOMER, merchant, plan- ter, legislator, was born Sept. 25, 1850, in Church Point, La. He was educated in the public and private schools of his native state. He is a successful mer- chant and planter of Church Point, La.; and has always been prominently identi- fied with the business and public affairs of that City He is president of the Commercial Bank of Church Point, La.; has been vice-presideni of the Sunset Cotton Oil Mills of Sunset, La.; Pres'i- dent of the Church Point Gin Company; and is also an extensive land owner In Acadia and St. Landry Parishes, La. He is a member of the Louisana State Sen- ate tor the Fourteenth District lor the term of 1904-08. BARTCH, GEORGE WASHINGTON, educator, lawyer, jurist, was born March 15, 1849, in Onshore, Pa. He graduated from the Bloomsburg State Normal School; and for several terms was super- intendent of public schools, at Shenan- doah, Pa. In 1884 he bsgan the prac- tice of law in Pennsylvania; and in 1886- 88 in Colorado. In 1888-93 he practiced law in Salt Lake City. Utah. Since 1893 he has been chief justice of the State Supreme Court of Utah. BARTINE, JOHN D., lawyer, jurist, was born in 1S36, in Princton, N. J. In 1865 he moved to Somerville. N. J. He has been president of the Board of Edu- cation of Somerville. N. J.; and presi- dent of the Board of Commissioners. He has been prosecutor of the Pleas of Sav- annah County; and in 1867 the College of New Jersey conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. For fifteen "years in 1885-1900 he was law judge of Somerset County; and has now- retired from active work. BATES. GEORGE H.. lawyer, legisla. tor, was born July 27, 1853. in Barnwell County, S. C. He was educated at Rich- land Academv of South Carolina; and in 1884 began the practice of law. In 1895 he was a member of the South Carolina State Constitut'onal Convention. He has been County Attorney of Barnwell Coun- ty; and a member of the Board of Trus- tees of Columbia College; and is a mem- ber of the South Carolina State Senate for the term of 1904-08. BEAL, JUNIS EMERY, journalist, pub- lisher, legislator, was born Feb. 23, 1860, in Port Huron, Mich. He received a thorough education; and in 1882 gradu- ated from the literary department of the University of Michigan. He is a success- ful journalist and publisher of Ann Ar- bor, Mich.; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of that city. In 1888 he was presidential elector; in 1889 was President of the Michigan Republican League; in 1893 was President of the Michigan Press As- sociation; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1905 he has been a Representative in the Michigan State Legislature; is a mem- ber on the Ways and Means Committee. BENNETT, CHRISTIAN A., lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born Nov. 7, 1849, in Ozaukee County, Wis. He has been Prosecuting Attorney of Maries County, Mo. ; and was a Representative in the Thirty-first General Assembly of Mis- souri. He has been City Attorney of Greeley, Col.; and Treasurer of Weld County, Col. Since 1900 he has been Judge of the Eighth Judicial District Court of Colorado. BERRY A. MOORE, lawyer, financier, public official, was born Dec. 5, 1849, in Greenville. S. C. He was educated at Lincolnton Institute of North Carolina. He was law reporter of the court of appeals for twelve years in St. Louis, and during his incumbency of that office he prepared and published twenty-eight volumes of Missouri Appeal Reports. He has attained eminence at the bar and has been general counsel of banks, railroads LET, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 3, 1858, in Accomack, Va. For two years he studied at Roanoke College; and for five years at the University of Virginia. He soon acquired prominence at the Bar of Virginia; and in 1896 was a member of the National Democratic Convention held at Chicago. 111. He has been a member of the V'irginia State Senate; for several years was County Judge of Ac- ■ comack County; and has filled various other posifons of trust and honor. Since 1904 he has been Judge of the Circuit Court of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of Virginia. BOOTH, JOHN OWEN, business man, miner, jurist, was born Jan. 18, 1848, in Lee County, Iowa. He received a thorough academic education at Wilbur, Oregon. In 1870-73 he was Superinten- dent of Public Instruction for Douglas County, Ore.; and has since been suc- cessf,^illy engaged in the hotel and mining business. For many years he has been a member of the Board of trustees for Willamette University; and in 1903 was appointed for a term of six years as a member of the Board of Regents for Southern Oregon State Normal School. For many years he has been a member of the Democratic State Organization; and was Secretary of the Oregon Slate delegation to the Democratic National Convention at Kansas City in 1900. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Oregon State Association for Good Roads; in 1898 was nominated for State Treasurer on the Democratic ticket. He ADDENDA. is now judge of the County Court o£ Josephine County for the term of 1902- 06. BOULDEN, REZIN BAKER, captain, magistrate, postmaster, was born May 7, 1838, in Millersburg, Ky. During "the civil war he was a clerk and captain on a government transport on the Ohio River. In 1874 he became captain of steamer Western Waters. He was ma- gistrate of Bourbon county for seven years. In 1878-85 he was postmaster of Millersburg, Ky., which offlce he has again occupied since 1898. BUSCHOW, CHARLES, public official, legislator, was born Sept. 15, 1849, in Prussia, Germany. In 1880 he was Unit- ed States Census Enumerator for Web- ster County, Neb. For two terms he was treasurer of Webster County; and also secretary of the Board of State Railroad Commissioners of Nebraska. He has served several terms as Mayor and mem- ber of the City Council of Colby, Kan- sas.; and has been a delegate to the different State. Congressional and Sena- torial Conventions; and has been unair- man of the Colby County Central Com- mittee. He is President of the Farmer's and Merchants' State Bank of Colby. Kan. Since 1901 he has been a mem- ber of the Kansas State Senate from the Thirt.v-ninth District. CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD. captain United States Array, was born July 16, 1865, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was ed i- cated at Stevens Institute of Technology, the United States Military Academy and the United States Artillery School. He served in the Spanish-American War in Cuba and Porto Rico: served in China during the Boxer uprising: and served in the Philippines during the Philippine In- surrection. Since 1901 he has been Captain in the Artillery Corps of the United States Army; and is now station- ed at Fort Mott, Salem, N. J. CARPENTER, HENRY OTIS, banker, legislator, was born Jan. 30, 1852, in Walpole, N. H. He was educated in the public and private schools of Rutland. Vt. He has been vice-president of uie Rut- land Savings Bank; for many years was interested in various business enterpris- es and corporations of Vermont; and has now retired from active business. He has be?n President of Rutland City; in 1898 was a Representative for the City of Rutland in the Vermont State Legis- lature; and has filled various other posi- tions of trust and honor. He is a mem- ber of the Vermont State Senate for Rutland County for the term of 1905-06. CARROLL. JAMES, Curator Army Me- dical m.ise:mi, was born June 5, 1854, in En.gland. He was educated at the Al- bion House Academy of Woolwich, Eng- land; in 1891 graduated from the Medi- cal Dei)artment of the University of Maryland; and took post-graduate cour- ses in pathology and bacteriology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 1897-1902 he was a member of the United States Army Yellow Fever Commission; voluntarily submitted to the bite of a contaminated mosquito, and within four days suffersd a severe attack of yellow fever, being the first case of experimental yellow fe- ver on record. In 190:3 he became pro- fessor of bacteriology and clinical micros- copy at the Army Medical School; Cur- ator of the Army Medical Museum; and in charge of bacteriology and pathologi- cal laboratories. CHESTER. FRANK DYER. American Consul-General, was born Dec. 2, 1869, in Newton, Mass. He was educated in Newton and Boston; and graduated from Harvard University, from which institu- tion he has received the degrees of A. B. A., A. M., and Ph. D. He has at- tained prominence as a noted linguist. In 1893-95 he was assistant in Semitic Languages at Harvard University; and in 1895-97 was Rogers Fellow of Harvard University. In 1897-1904 he was United States Consul at Budapest. He is also Consular-General for Cuba and Panama. Since 1897 he has been in the American Consular service; and is now L-onsul- General to Hungary, with headquartersi at Budapest, Hungary. COCHRAN, J. HENRY, lumberman, banker, legislator, was born Jan. 14. 1845, in New Brunswick, Maine. He was educated in the public schools of New England and at Calais. Maine. He has been a successful lumberman, banker and railroad official; and for many years has been prominently identified with the biisinessi and public affairs of Williams- port, Pa. He has been a director in several business corporations; and has filled various positions of trust and hon- or. Since 1894 he has been a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate; has served on several important committees: and is now serving his third term of 1902-06. COLLINS. CHARLES PARKER, pub- lic official, banker, was born April 25, 1848, in Detroit. Mich. He was educated in the public schools of Detroit. In 1888- 90 he was auditor of Wayne Co., Mich. In 1893-96 was Sheriff of Wayne County. Mich. He is now First Vice-president of the Central Savings Bank of Detroit, Mich.; and is also identified with various other corporations. COMBE. FREDERICK J., physician, surgeon, public official, was born March 4, 1867, in Matamoros, Mexico. He was educated at the University of Notre Dame of Indiana; and at Tnlane Univer- sity of New Orleans, La. He is a success- ful physician and surgeon, of Browns- ville, Texas: and a memljer of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. In 1890-97 he was City and County physician of Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas; and m 1890-9S acting assistant surgeon in the M. H Service. In 1899-190'2 he was Major and Surgeon in the United States Volun- teers' during the Spanish-American wa-. He is a director of the Brown'^vil'e Board of Trade; a director of the Brownsville Kice Milling Company; and he 's' now filling the offlce of Mavor of his citv. CONNIFF. THADDEUS M.. educator lawyer, jurist, was born Aug. 9. 1854. in Ireland. He was educated in the Pub lie and high and normal schools; and bv profession is an educitnr and lawyer. Ir 1883 he- was commissioned Superinten- dent of Common Schools; and since lS7:i has held the office of Just'ce of the Peace. He was appointed to the office of Prison Commissi'iner. six successive lerms; and was President of the Board riurin.g the whole period. He is a conn- E?rior-at-law in the Siper'or and Supreme .ourts. He is now Citv Magistrate of Pbiins for the term of 1904-09. COOPER. CHARLES B.. physician, sur- geon, was born Nov. 19. 1864. in Babylon, I.. I. He was educated at Walkill Aca- demv of Middletown, N. Y.; st Williston Seminary rt Easthamnton. Mass.; and graduated from the University of Missou- ri. He is a successful nhysiciiin; has been commiss'oner of puhl'c health for Territory of Hawaii; President Territor- ial Board of Health and Surgeon-General National Guard of Hawaii. He has been attending physician at Queen's Hospital; Chief-surgeon of railroads and other cor- porations; President Hawaii Territorial Medical Society; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is Lieutenant-Colonel in the First Regi- ment Hawaii National Guard, and is sur- geon-general on the general staff. CORNWALL, WENDELL W., lawyer, legislator, jurist was born Feb. 10, 1857, in Dane County, Wis. He was educated at Albion Academy, Alfred University, and graduated from the Law School of the University of Wisconsin. He has been County, Judge of McPherson County, S. D.; has practiced law in Spencer, Iowa; and has been a member of the twenty- fifth and twenty-sixth General Assemblies of Iowa. He is now reporter of the Iowa Supreme Court Decisions. COX, W. H., business man, legislator, was born Oct. 22, 1856, in Maysville, Ky. He received a thorough education in the public and private schools of his native state. For many years he was connected with the dry goods business, and subse- quently engaged in the banking business. For eleven years he was a member of the City Council of Maysville. Ky.; for seven years was the President; and for four years served with distinction as Mayor of that city Since 1900 he has been a member of the Kentucky State Senate CRANIE, CHARLES JUDSON, lieuten- ant-colonel Unit.fd States Army, was born April 30, 1852, in Hernando. Miss. He was educated in the public and private schools of Independence, Texas; and at the United States Military Academy of West Point. N. Y. As an officer in" the regular army he has held every posi- tion, from Second. Lieutenant to Lieuten- ant-Colonel. In 1898-1902 he was also I ieutenant-Colonel and Colnnel of VoUin- teersi in Cuba and in the Phillipines. In 1901-03 he was Major and Adjutant-Gen- eral in the ITnited States Army; and in 1903-05 commanding District of Porto Rico. He is Military Secretary and Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army. CUMMER, ^\'ELLINGTON WILLSON, lumberman, pubic official, donor was born Oct. 21, 1846, in Toronto Canada. He was educated at the high school of Wa- terdown. Canada: and is a prominent lumberman of Jacksonville, if'la. He has been mayor of Cadillac. Mich.; was a republican presidential elector in 1888; and a member of the school board for ten years. He made extensive invest-, ments in pine and cvpress lands in Flor- 'da; owns over one-half of the stock in the Cummer Lumber comnany of Jack- sonville, Fla.; and is a large owner, of stumnage in Michigan; and a member, of the firm of Cummer. Di.ggins and Comnany of Cadillac, Mich. He is in- terested in the Y. M. C. A., and library work ; and gave thirty thousand dollars to the former, and two thousand dollars to the 'after. CUSHMAN. ATTSTIN SPRAGUE. sol- dier lawyer, author, was born Sept. 9, 18''7. in Duxburv. Mass. Tn 185' h° was private secretary to President Fillmore. Tn iS.'^S '^e was Third Lieutenant in the United States Revenue Marine: and in 1855 he was United States Commission- er. During the civil war he attained the rqnk of maior. In 1867 he whs Unit- ed Spates registrar in bankruntcv. He was the first post cimmander ''n New En-rland of the Grand Armv of the Re- public, and th° first department comman- der of Massachusetts. He is the author of La Crise Financiere. and editor of ADDENDA. Ill Early History of Massachusetts Grand Army of the Republic. In 1890 he was editor of the Republic Magazine of New York City, and resides In East Orange, N. J. DARLING, CHARLES KIMBALL, law professor, public official, was born June 28, 1S64, m Corinth, Vt. He was educat- ed at the Academy of Barre, Vt.; atten- ded Darmouth College; and graduated from the Boston University Law School. " In 1897-1900 he was instructor of the criminal law at the Boston University Law School. In 1898 he was Major in the Sixth Regiment Massachusetts United States VoUmteers; in 1887- 1905 was Adjutant, Major and Col- onel in the Sixth Regiment Massa- chusetts Volunteer Miltia; and is now a retired Brigadier-General of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. In 1897-98 he was Commander-iu-Chief of the Sons of Veterans United States Army; and since 1905 he has been a member of the Board of Visitors of the Boston University Law School. Since 1899 he has been United States Marshal for Massachusetts; and resides in Bos- ton, Mass. DASHIELL, STEPHEN FRANK, mer- chant, legislator, was born Oct. 29, 1862, in Dames Quarter. Md. He received a thorough education; and graduated from Dames' Quarter Academy of Maryland. He is a successful merchant of Dames Quarter. Md.; and prominently identifle 1 with the business and public affairs of his county and state. He has been post- master; iu 1893-99 was deputy internal revenue collector; has been a member of the School Board tor Somerset County; and since 1900 Chairman of the Demo- cratic State Central Committee of Mary- land. He is now a member of the Mary- land State Senate for Somerset County for the term of 1904-06. DA VIES, WILLIAM GILBERT, mem- ber Grand Army of the Republic, was born March 21. 1842, in New York City. He was educated at Trinity College of Hartford. Conn.; and at the University of Leipsic, Germany. He has been General Solicitor of the Mutual Life Insuranc? Company of New York; and Commission- er for widening and extending Elm Sti-eet of New York City. Since ISSS he has been a member of James Monroe Post, number 607. Grand Army of the Repub- lic; and resides in New York City. DAVIS. GILBERT ASA, manufacturer, lawyer, legislator, author, was born Dec. IS, 1835, in Chester. Vt. He was educat- ed at Chester Academy of Chester, Vt. In 1872 and again in 1874 he was elect- ed a member of the Vermont house of representatives form the town of Read- ing; and in 1876 was elected to the slate senate. He has been states attor- ney for two years for Windsor county; and for forty-seven years has practiced law with success in the Vermont Courts and in the State and the Unite-1 States Courts of ,New England. He has been the owner of the Windsor Di-ug Store, and is an extensive owner of real estate. He was for ten years president of the Windsor >Iachine Company, and is pre- sident of the Windsor Canning Company. He is the author of A History of the Town of Reading; The Congregational Church in Windsor; and a compilation of the School Laws of Vermont. For 25 years he has been Clerk of the Windsor Con- greeaticnal Church. He is a Referee in Bankruptcy, having been appointed in Jnlv 1898 by the U. S. Distrct Court for Vermont and has since held this position continuously. He is chairman of the Vermont Board of Bridge Commission- ers, appointed by Gov. Bell, in 1905. DAYTON, ALSTON GORDON, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Oct. 18, 1857, in Philippi, W. Va., in 1878 he grad- uated from the University of West Vir- ginia. In 1879 he was appointed to fill out an unexpired term as prosecuting at- torney of Upshur county, W. Va.. and was elected and served as prosecuting attorney of Barbour county for a four- years', term in 1884-88. He was r. mem- ber of the fifty-fourth, flfty-flfth, fifty- sixth, fifty-seventh and fifty-eighth; and was reelected to the Fifty-ninth Con- gress, but resigned in March, 1905, to accept the poMtion of United Statesi Dis- trict Judge. He is now United States Judge for the Northern District of West Virginia for the term of 1905-09. DENT, ALBERT TATUM, lawyer, leg- islator, was born March 25. 1863, near Macon. Miss. He was educated at the University of Mississippi; and soon at- tained success at the Bar. He has been Mayor of Macon; a trustee of Mississip- pi Agricultural and Mechanical College; chairman of the Finance Committee of that Board; and a member of the Exec- utive Committee. He is a zealous advo- cate of better sohocls for the masses. In 1900 he was elected to fill an un- expired term in the Mississippi State Legislature from Noxubee County, was re-elected, and is now serving the term cf 190408. DOUGLAS. EDWARD MOREHOUSE, topographic engineer, was born Sept. 6, 1S55, in Saratoga Springs, N. Y. He was educated at Cambridge College of New York; and is a civil and topographic en- gineer by profession. He ha? been Assis- tant Engineer to the Erie Railroad Topo- grapher; and in 1882-97 was on the United States Geological Survey. Sinc9 1897 he has been Geographer and chie;' of the United States Geolo.gical Survey. DOWLING. VICTOR J., lawyer, state senator, jurist, was born July 20. 1S66, in New York City. Since 1887 he has prac- ticed law in New York City. In 1888-94 he was state secretary of the Catholic Benevolent Le;icn; in 1894-99 was su- preme representative of that society; and its state president in 1899-1900. In 1889 he declined the nomination for citv court judge of the United labor party In ]9')0 04 he was a member of th-' New York state senate; and introduced and l)assed the constitutional am ndment for the eight-hour day. pievailing rnte o" wages, and ant-gamb!ing law. He is a noted lecturer, writer and speaker rn his- torical and general subjects; and a dele- gate to state and nation;)! demccratis- conventions. Since 1904 he has been justice of the supreme court cf- New- York. DU BOIS, FRANK G.. accountant, in- ventor, author, was barn July 27. 1855, in New York Citv. In lS7:i he graduat- ed fr^m Packard's Business College with the chief honors of his class. He speed- ily achieved a reputafon as an accoun- tant ; and was the author of the Public -Accountant Law of New Jersey. For fif- teen years he was a member of the N.ew York Seventh Regiment. He has been past regent in the Royal Arcanum; anl is a thirty-second degree mason. He has been connected with various lines of manufacture; and is the inventor of the vertical system of filing. He is Presi- dent of the State Board of Public Accoun- tants of New Jersey, for the term of 190407: and resdes in Newark. N. J. f)UGRO, PHILIP HENRY, lawyer, leg- islator, jurist, was born Oct. 2, 1855, in New York City. He was educated at Columbia College; and is a lawyer by profession. In 1878 he was a Representa- tive to the New York State Legislature from the City of New York; and in 1880 was elected a member of Congress from New York as a democrat. In 1SS6 he be- came Justice of the Superior Court of the City of New York; and in 1896 a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New York. Since 1896 he has been Justice of the State Supreme Court of New York. EDWARDS, JOHN H., clergyman, pub- lic official, legislator, was born Jan. 6, 1S46, in West Greenwich. R. I. He was educated at the Greenwich Seminary and •at the Connecticut Literary Institution. He is an eminent clergyman of Exeter, R. I.; has been town clerk; school commis- sioner; superintendent of schools; chair- man State Board of Public Roads; and has filled other positions of trust and honor. Since 1901 he has been a member of the Rhode Island State Senate . ELKEN. GUDBRAND L.. business man, real-estate public official, was born June 10, 1863, in Norway. He was edu- cated in the public and private schools of Norway. For many years he was connected with the farm machinery busi- ness; is now a successful I'eal estate dealer of Mayville, N. D. ; and prominent- ly identified with the business and pub- lic affairs of his community. He is President of the Board of Management of the North Dakota State Normal School; in 1894-1901 was Alderman of his city; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is now filling the office as Mayor of the C:ty of Mayville for the term of 1904-06. ELKINS, JAMES A., lawyer, jurist, was born Sept. 25, 1879. in Huntsville, Walker County. Texas. He was educat- ed at the Sam Houston Normal Institute; and at the University of Texas. In 1901- 02 he was City Attorney of Huntsville. Texas; in 1902-03 was County Attorney for Walker County. Texas; and has filled several other positions of trust and honor. Since 1903 he has been Judge of the County Court for Walker County. ENOCH, ELMER ELLSWORTH, law- yer, jurist, was born Feb. 10. 11^64. in Morristown, Oh;o. He was educated at Franklin College of New Athens, Ohio; and is a lawyer by profession. He is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of Kansas; and for five years was Deputy Judge of Sedgwick County. Kansas. Since 1904 he has been Probate Judge for Sedgwick County. EVANS. JEPHTHAH HUGHES, educa- tor, lawyer, jurist, was born Feb. 8, 1860. ■n Farm^rville. La. In 1881 he was the first graduate from the Fort Smith Dis- trict High School of Booneville. Ark. He then taught school for awiiile; and in 1883 was admitted to the bar. He soon attained success' in the practice of law; and served as alderman of his city. Since 1893 he has been Judge of th-^ Fifteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Arkan- sas. FAIRHFAD. JOHN' STERLING, sol- r'ier, lumber manufacturer, was born Dec. 23, 1841. in New Hartford. N. Y. He served for three years during the civil war in the one hundred and seventeenth New York vnlunteer infantry. He came to Jacksonville in 1885. and became a l-artner in a large 1 miber exporting firm, which became known as Fairhead. Straw pnd Company, and which business he now Iv ADDENDA. owns individually. For three terms he ■was President of the Board of Trade of Jacksonville, Fla. ; has been Presi- dent of the River and Harbor Trustees; is a stockholder and officer in the Citi- zen's Bank of Jacksonville; a large pro- perty owner: is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his city; and is a staunch Republican. He has been Past Department Comman- der of the Grand Army of the Republic of Florida. FESSENDEN, FRANKLIN GOOD- RIDGE, lawyer, banker, jurist, was born in Fltchburg, Worcester County, Mass. He was educated at Howard University; and is an Attorneyat-Law by profession. He has been Captain and Colonel in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia; Trus- tee and Vice-president of the Franklin Savings Institution; and Lecturer in the Harvard Law School. Since 1891 he has been Justice of the Superior Court of Massachusetts. FIELD. SEAMAN, merchant, stock- raiser, jurist, was born Feb. 27, 1829, in EUisburgh, Jefferson County. He was educated in the public schools; and is now a successful merchant and stock- raiser of Deming, N. M. He has been Deputy-Collector of Customs; filled the office of Justcie of the Peace; and was Chief Justice of his County; and for many years served with distinction as Probate Judge of his county. He is senior member in the firm of Field and Son, merchants and stock raisers of Deming, N. M.; and for years prominent- ly identified w-ith the business and pub- lic affairs of his community. He is now filling the office of Mayor of the City o£ Deming for the term of 1905-06. FISHER, FRED D., diplomat, was born March 13. 1874, in Albany, Oregon. He was educated at Albany College; and graduated Irom The Holmes Business College of Portland, Oregon. In 1901-04 he was vice-consul and interpretor at the United States Consulate at Nagasaki, Japan ; and is now American consul there. FITCH. CHARLES ELLIOTT, journal- ist, public official, was born Dec. 3, 1835, in Syracuse. N. Y. He was educated at Williams College and in the law depart- ment of the Union University; and has received the degrees of A. B., LL. B., A. M. and L. H. D. He practiced law tor awhile; and then entered journaliS'm. In 1866-73 he was editor of the Syracuse Standard; in 1873-90 was editor-in-chiet of the Rochester Democrat and Chroni- cle; and in 1896-98 was Associate-edi- tor of the Rochester Post-Express. In 1?77-1904 he was Regent University State of New York; in 1880 was Supervisor of the United States Census; and in 1890- 94 was United States Collector of Inter- nal Revenue. In 1894 he was Secretary of the New York State Constitutional Convention; and in 1895-1904 was Stats Lecturer in the Department of Public Instruction of New York. Since 1904 he has been Chief of the Records Division In the Education Department State of New York; and resides in Albany. N. Y. FI..ETCHER, DUNCAN UPSHAW, law- yer, legislator, was> born Jan. 6. 1859, near Americus. Ga. He was educated at Van- derbilt Universtiy of Nashville, Tenn.; and soon attained success at the bar of Florida. In 1893 he was a Representative in the Florida State Legislature; and in 1893-95 and 1901-03 was Mayor of Jack- sonville. Fla. In 1896-98 he was presi- dent of the Jacksonville Bar Association; in 1906 became President of the Citizen's Bank of Jacksonville; and in 1900-06 was Chairman of the Board of Public Instruc- tion for Duval County, Fla. He is Chair- man of the Florida Democratic State Committee for the term of 1904-08. FOGO. WALLACE L., business man, public official, was born March 17, 1869, in Well&ville, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of his native city. He was first a baggage agent; a switchman for five years; and for three years was a brakeman on a passenger train. For six years he was proprietor of a restau- rant and confectionery store; then es- tablished a paying spring water route; and finally entered the real estate busi- ness. In 1903 he was a delegate to the Republican State Convention; has always taken an active interest in all municipal affairs; and is an aggressive chief execu- tive. Since 1902 he has been Mayor of the City of Well&ville; and his adminis- tration has been one of the most pro- gressive in the history of his city. Since 1902 he has been filling the office of Mayor for the City of Wellsville. FOSTER, ROMULUS ADAMS, physi- cian, surgeon, public official, was born in Washington City, D. C. He was edu- cated in the public schools and at the George Washington University. In 188S- 90 he was physician to the Chinese Lega- tion; and for more than fifteen years secretary of the Trinity Protestant Epis- copal Sunday School of Washington. D. C. He is a member of the Military Sur- geons of the United States; and for a number of years a medical examiner of several life insurance companies. Since 1887 he has held the rank of Surgeon- Lieutenant in the District of Columbia National Guard. GANNETT, WILLIAM H., journalist, publisher, legislator, was born in 1855 in .\ugusta. Maine. He was educated in the jiublic schools of his native state. About 1SS8 he began the pub'ication of a familv paper, entitled Comfort, which now has a circulat'on of over one million copies Since 1903 he has been a Representative of the Maine State Legislature. GIBSON. WILMOT H.. civil engineer, public official, was born Dec. 25, 1870, in Meadville, Pa. He received the rudi- ments of his education in the public schools of his native state; and graduat- ed from Allegheny College of Meadville, Pa. He is a Civil Engineer by profes- sion; and has filled several positions of trust and honor In 1899-1900 he was Deputy-Secretary of State of Idaho: and in 1903 became Secretary of State. S'nc-^ 1903 he has been Secretary of State for Idaho. GILBFRTSON, G. S., public rfficial, legislator, was born Oct. 17, 1863. in Spring Grove. Houston Countv, Minn. He was educated in the public schools of his native state. For seven years he was clerk of the District Court; and for four years was a member of the Iowa State Senate. He is President of the Forest Citv Nat'onal Bank of Forest City, Iowa, which was established in 1895. Since 1900 he has been Treasurer of the State of Iowa. GODARD, GEORGE SEYMOUR, libra- rian, author, was born June 17, 1865, in Granbv. Conn. He was educated at the WesJeyan Academy of Wilbraham. Mass. attended the Weslevan Universi^v nf Mid- dleton. Conn.; studied at the Northwest- ern University of Evanston, 111.; and graduated, from Yale Univers'tv of New- Haven. Cnnn. He took U'i the profession of Librarian; and in 1890-98 wa« Libra- rian at the Cossitt Library of Granbv. Conn. In 1898-1900 he was assistant, and since 1900 librarian of the Connecticut, State library. In 1904-05 he was presi- dent of the National Association of State Libraries; in 1905-07 was president of the Connecticut Library Association: and is a trustee of the Wesleyan Academy of Wilbraham, Mass. GODFREY, EDWARD SETTLE, army officer, was bom Oct. 9, 1843. in Kalida, Putnam County, Ohio. In 1867 he grad- uated from the United States Military Academy of West Point, N. Y. In 1879- 83 he was an instructor of Cavalry Tac- tics at West Point. In 1899 he command- ed the Port and Province of Pinar del Rio Cuba during the Spanish-American War. In 1867-1901 he has been Second and First Lieutenant. Captain and Major in the Seventh Cavalry; Lieutenant-Col- onel of the Twelfth Cavalry; and since 1901 Colonel of the Ninth Cavalry. In 1905-06 he was commander of the Kansas Commandery Military Order of Loyal Le- gion of the United States. In 1902 he was in Command of the Fifth Brigade in the Philippine Islands. Since 1904 he has been Commandant of the School of Application in the Cavalry and Field Ar- tillery; and is stationed at Fort Riley, Kansas. GORDON, BEIRNE, merchant, banker, was born July 20, 1856, in Huntsville, Ala. He was educated in the public and private schools of his native city. He is a successful cotton merchant of Savan- nah, Ga. ; has been President of the Savannah Cotton Exchange; President Chatham Bank of Savannah, Ga.; and vice-president of the National Bank of that City. He has been Registrar Epis- copal Diocese of Georgia; Direct ir Sav- annah Branch Sons of American Revolu- tion; and has filled various other posi- tions of trust and honor. He has been Captain of the Georgia Hussars, Troop A. First Regiment Cavalry Georgia State Troops. He is now Lieutenant-Colonel First Cavalry Georgia State Troops. GORDON, O. B., lawyer, banker, polit- ical economist, was born Nov. 7. 1860, in Tatnal County, Ga. He received a thor- ough education in the public schools. For ten years he was chairman of the Neva- da County Democratic Central Commit- tee; and then was elected Chairman of the State Democratic Central Committee. Early in life he attained success in the practice of law in the supreme and in- ferior courts; and is now cashier of the Nevada County Bank. He is Deputy pay- master-general of the Arkansas State Na- tional Guard, with rank of Colonel. For many years he has been Chairman of the Arkansas Democratic State Commit- tee. GRANT, ISAAC, soldier. pubPc official, jurist, was bom Jan. 25. 1846, in St. Johns, Mich. He was educated in the public and private schools of St. Johns, Mich. During the Civil war he served as First Corporal and sergeant in 1863-65; was in fifty-two different battles and skir- mishes; was in the Stoneman raid; and alwa.vs in the saddle. For two terms he was sheriff; and for one term was Unit- ed States Deputy Marshal. For many years he was engaged in the milling and elevator business. For one term he was Commander of Steadman Post Grand Army of the Republic; and for one term aide-de-camp on Gen. Kidd's Staff, De- partment of Michigan. Grand Army of the Reiiublic. He was also aide-de-camp on command Anthony, State Department of Michigan; aide-de-camp, to General Black. National Department Grand Army of the ADDENDA. Republic; and is now aide-de-camp on Gen. Blackmer, John R. King Comman- dery, Commander in Chief, Department of Michigan, Grand Army of the Repub- lic. He IS now Judge of the Probate Court for Osceola County for the term of 1905-09. GRETZINGER, WILLIAM CHRIST- IAN, registrar, public official, was born Aug. 23, 1866, in Reading, Pa. He was educated at Carroll Institute, Perkiomen Seminary and at Bucknell University. Since 1SS9 he has been Registrar of Bucknell University of Lewisburg, Pa. He was Commissioner of the Trans-Mis- sissippi Exposition; has been President of the Lewisburg Town Council; is a member of the University Club of Phila- delphia; a member of the Pennsylvania German Society; and has filled various positions of trust and honor. He has been Quartermaster and Sergeant of the Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania National Guard; and also Battalion-Adjutant of the same Regiment. Since 1903 he has held the rank of Captain and quartermaster of the Twelfth Regiment in the Pennsyl- vania National Guard. GUENTHER, RICHARD, merchant, di- plomat, congressman, was born Nov. 30, 1845, in Potts. Dam, Pruss'a. In 1866-67 he was engaged as a broker of drugs and chemicals in New York City; and in 1867 engaged in business as a pharma- cist in Oshkosh, Wis. For several years he was a member of the Oshkosh School Board; and in 1878-82 was State Treasur- er of Wisconsin. In 1881-89 he was a member of the Forty-seventh, Forty- eighth, Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congress- es from Wisconsin as a republican. In 1895-99 he was a member of the State Board of Control of Wisconsjn; and pres- ident of the Board in 1898-99. In 1890- 93 he was consul-general to the City of Mexico. Since 1899 he has been Uaited States Consul-General at Frankfort-on- Main, Germany. HALE, CLARENCE, lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born in 1848 in Maine. He received the rudiments of hs education in the public school&; attended Norway Academy; and in 1869 graduated from Bowdoin College. Since 1871 he has practiced law in Portland. Maine. In 1879-82 he was city solicitor; and in 1883-86 was a representative in the state legislature. He was counsel for the New England Telephone Company; and a director and trustee with the manage- ment of the largest enterprizes in Port- land, Maine. For many years he was a member of the Portland Board of Trade; prominent on the School Board of that city; and active in its municipal gov- ernment. Since 1902 he has been United State District Judge for the State of Maine. HALLOCK, EDWIN, merchant, legis- lator, was born Aug. 16. 1840. in Derby. Conn. He rece'ved the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native citv; and graduated from Posts Commercial and Classical Institute of Connecticut. He is a successful merchant of Derby. Conn : and haS' al- ways been prominentlv identified with the business and public alTairs of that city. For six years he was' a member of the School Board; and has filled varioii.s other positions of trust and honor. For three te-m^i he has be^T a B'^n'-e'entative in the Connecticut State Legislature. HAND. J. T .. planter merchant. manufacturer, banker, legislator, was born March 20. 1851. in Houstoi Countv. Ga. He was educated at the University of Georgia; and is a planter, manufac- turer, merchant and banker. In 1884-87 he was a Mayor of Pelham, Ga. ; and since 1884 has been City Councilman, lu 1888-89 he was Representative in the Georgia State Legislature; and in 1886- 87, 1898-99 and 19U5-06 was a member of the State Senate. He is president of the Farmers' Bank of Pelham; President o. Pelham Manufacturing Company; Pres- ident of the Hand Trading Company; President of the Flint River and North- western Railroad; and President of the Abingdon Mills of Huntsville, Ala. He is a member of the Georgia State Senate fiom the Eighth District for the ferm of 1905-06. HANNA, L. B., banker, legislator, was born Aug. 9. 1861, near Brighton, Pa. He was educated in the public and private schools of Pittsfield, Mass.; and in New York City. He is V'ice-President of the First National Bank of Fargo, N. D.; and prominently identified wilh the basiness and public affairs of that city. For seven years he was postmaster of Page, N. D. in 1900-02 he was Chairman of the Coun- ty Committee of Cass County, N. D. ; and since 1902 has been Cha.rman of the North Dakota Republican State Commit- tee. In 1895-97 he was a Representative in the North Dakota State Legislature; is a Thirty-three Degree Mason; and has filled numerous positions of trust and honor. In 1S97-1901 he was a member of the North Dakota State Senate; and since 1905 has been a member of the North Dakota State Senate. HARDMAN, JAMES H., merchant, public official, was born Dec. 26, 1884, in Edina, Knox county. Mo. He was educated in the public anl private schools of Kirksville, Mo. He is a successful dry goods merchant, and prominently identi- fied with the busines.s and public affairs of his community. For eight years he was circuit clerk for Knox county. Mo. S nee 1901 he has been a member of the Board of Regents of the Missouri state Normal school; and resides in Edina. Mo. HARRIS, JOHN J., merchant, banker, legislator, was born July 11, 1849, in Erie County, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of his native county; and graduated from the Western Reserve Normal College of Milan. Ohio. He is a successful merchant and banker of Dolores, Colo.; has been superintendent of Telegraph for the D. and R. G. Rail- road Company; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1900 he has been a member of the Colo- rado State Senate. HATCH, EDWiARD W., lawyer, jurist. was born Nov. 26, 1852, in Friendship, N. Y. In 1880-86 he was District At- torney of Erie County. N. Y. ; and in 1887-95 was Judge of the Superior Court of Buffalo, N. Y. In 1895 he resigned from the Superior Court and was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court of New York from the Eighth Judicial District for a term of fourteen years. In 1896- IPOO he was assigned to the Appellate Di- vision, Second Department of Brooklyn; and in 1900-05 was transferred to the F rst Department City of New Y'ork. In 1905 he resigned from the Bench and en- tered the law firm of Parker. Hatch and Sheehan of New York City. HEBRON. JOHN L.. planter, merchant, lawyer, legislator, was born July 6. 1864. i'l Vicksburg, Miss. He was educated at the Mississippi College and at the Uni- versity of Mississippi. He is a succesful lawyer, planter and merchant of Green- ville. Miss.; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs or that City. He has been County Attorney for Washington County, Miss.; Chairman of the Democratic Executive Committee of Washington County. Miss.; Trustee or the University of Mississippi; and has filled various other positions of trust ana honor. He is now a member of the Mis- sissippi State Senate for Washington County for the term of 1904-08. HILL. HENRY WAYLAJv'D. lawyer, legislator, author, was born Nov. 13. 1853, at Isle La Motte. Vt. He received a thorough education; and graduated from the University of Vermont. He has at- tained success in the practice of law az Buffalo, N. Y. In 1894 he was a member of the New York State Constitutional Convention; and in 1896-1900 was a Rep- resentative in the New York State Legis- lature. He has been Vice-president or the Buffalo Historical Society; one of the Board Managers of the New Y'ork State Normal School; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is the author of Development of Consti- tutional Law in New York; and several articles in the Encyclopedia Americana and other works; and was the framer or several constitutional provisions- on the Constitution of the State of New York. Since 1901 he has been a member of the New York State Senate. HILL JOHN FREMONT, journalist, publisher, railroad president, governor, was born Oct. 29. 1855. in Eliot. Maine. He was educated at Berwick Academy: graduated from the Medical Department of Bowdoin College; and attended long Island College Hospital. He is a journ- alist and publisher by profession; and for many years prominently identified with the business and public affairs of Maine. In 18SS-92 he was a Representa- tive in the Maine State Legislature; in 1892-96 was a member of the State Senate; and in 1898-99 was a member of the Executive Council. In 1901-05 he served w th distinction as Governor of the State of Maine. In 1900 he was a delegate to Republican National Conven- tion; and is prominentlv identified with the Repub'.ican Party. He has been Pres- ident of Somerset Railway Company; and a director in various Electric Railways and other public service corporations. HINTCLB. JAMES F.. stockraiser, banker, legislator, was born in 1864 in Missouri. He received a thorough edu- cation; and graduated from the State Universtv of Missouri. He is now a successful stock raiser and banker of Roswell, N M : and prominentlv identi- fied with the business and public affairs of his community. For four years, he was a Representative in the New Mexico Legislature; and for two years was a member of the State Senate. Since 1900 he has been a member of the Territorial Board of Equalization; is now Mayor of his city; and has filled various other po- sitions of trust and hcnor. HITT. ISAAC R.. lawyer, public official, author, was born Sept. 7. 1864. in Chica- go. 111. In 1888 he graduated with the degree of B. S. from the Northwestern University of E^'anst■-n. 111.: and in 1894 graduated from the Kent College of Law. In 1898 1902 he was Liw Clerk in the Law Division of the Internal Revenue in (he Treasury DepTr'm°nt of the United States; and since 1902 he has been Chief of the Miscellaneous Eivi^ion. United States Internal Revenue. He is a mem- ber of the bar: and In 1900 compiled ADDENDA. the International Revenue Laws for the United States Treasury Department. HOEFER, DANIEL, H., business man. banker, public official, was born Feb. 18, 1868, at Hopewell Academy, Warren County, Mo. He received a thorough edu- cation; and graduated from the Central W'esleyan College of Wanenton, Mo. He is a succesful banker aud business man of Higginsville, Mo.; is connected with the Bank of Higginsville, Mo.; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs' of that city. For two years he was Alderman of Higginsville, Mo.; for four years was City Treasurer; and for several years has filled the ofilce of Mayor. In 1900 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention; is now Treasurer of the Mayor's Associa- tion of Missouri; aud has filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1902 he has been Mayor of the City of Higginsville. HOIXAND. JAMES EDWIN PARKER, physician, surgeon, public official, was born Nov. 27, 1876, in Detroit, Mich. He was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and Chicago; and graduated in Medicine from the Purdue University School of Medicine, Indiana State Uni- versity. He also took a course at the American Schocl of Osteopathy; and is a successful practicing physician of In- diana. Since 1905 he ha, beea a member of the State Board of Medical Registra- tion and Examination of Indiana. HOPKINS. ARCHIBALD, soldier, law- yer, public official, author, was born Feb. 20, 1842, in Williamstown, Mass. In 1862- 65 he served in the civil war as captain and brevet major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the Thirty-seventh Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers. Until 1873 he practiced law in New York City. He is the author of The Apostles' Creed. Since 1873 he has been Chief Clerk of the United States Court of Claims. HORNSBY, JOHN W., lawyer, jurist. was born Jan. 8, 1870, in Hornsby. Travis County. Texas. He received a thoroug.i elucation; an I graduate! from Trinitv University. He has attained success at the Bar of Texas; for ei?ht years he was county clerk of Travis County; Texas; has been deputy sheriff and deputy tax assessor; and Chairman of the Dem- ocratic Executive Committee cf T:averse County. Texas. He is County Judee of Travis County for the term of 1904-06. HOTTBNROTH, ADOLPH C, Presi- dent Taxpayers Alliance of New Yo-u. was born May 9, 18G9. in New York City.' He was educated in the public schools of his native city; at tne College of the City of New York: and at th-^ New York Universitv. He soon at ained suc2ess in the practice cf law: in 1894 was' a mem- ber of the Constitutional Convention: and in 1897-1901 was a m-mber of the Municipal Council of New York City.' Since 1890 he has been a member of the Democratic Political Party: and sines 1903 has been President of the Tax- payers' Alliance. HOY, JOHN H., manufact irer, public official, musician, was born Feb. 8. 1862, in Rushville, Ind. He was educated in the public and private schools of Muncie, Ind. He is a manufacturer and business man of Lebanon, Ind.; and a noted mu- sician of that city. In 1896-1900 he was City Clerk of Lebanon, Ind.; in 1900 was County Chairman of the Deonicratic Party; and has filled various other po- sitions of trust and honor. Since 1904 he has been Mayor of the City of Lebanon. HUGHES, JOHN F,. ranchman, legis- lator, was born Dec. 28, 1842, in Frank- lin, Venango County, Pa. He was educat- ed in the public schools of his native state; and is now a successful farmer and ranchman of Kansas. He served three years in the Civil war. and was thrice wounded. He served three terms as Register of Deeds for McPherson County, Kan.; and also served several terms as a member of the City Council of McPherson. Since 1905 he has been a member of the Kansas State Senate. HYDE, GEORGE H., busmess man, public official, was born in 1880 in Ridg- way, Pa. He received a thorough edu- cation; and graduated from Bucknell Universit.v. He is identified with various Inisiness enterprizes in Pennsylvania; and is director in several corporations. He has been Mayor of the City oi Riag- way, Pa.; and has filled several other positions of trust and honor. Since 1900 he has held the rank of Captain In the Pennsylvania National Guard. JAMES. D. G., soldier , merchant, public official, was born Aug. 3, 1S43. in Deer- field, Rockingham County, N. H. He was educated in the public schools of Rich- laud Center, Wis.; and for many years has been a successful merchant of that city. He served with d'stinction in the Civil war; and has been Department Com- mander of the Grand Army of the Re- public for Wisconsin. He has been Post- master of his City; President of the Village Council; and a member of the Board and Treas\irer of the Wisconsin Veteran's Home He has been a member of the Shiloh Battlefield Park Monument Commisson; President cf the Anderson- ville Monument Commission: and has filled various other positions oi trust and honor. JAMES, EDMUND JAMES, President Board of Trustees, Illinois State Histor- ical Library, was born May 21, 1855, in Jacksonville, 111. He was educated at the Illinois Normal School, Northwestern and Harvard Universities, ana in the Universities of Europe. He bas been head of Wharton School of Finance, University cf Pennsylvania; Professor of Public Ad- ministration at the Un versity of Chica- go; and in 190201 President of the North- western University. Since 1904 he has been President of the University of UU- ncis. He is the author of numerous mon- ographs and articles on various scientific and educational subjects, the principal of which are: Our Legal Tender Decisions; The Education of Business Men; and The Relation of the Modern Municipality to the Gas Supply; with several translations from the German. Snce 1904 he has been President of the B^ard of Trustees' of the Stat? Historical Library; and re- sides in Urland, 111. JOHNSTON. LOUIS R., business man, miner, public official, was born Feb. 4. 1858, in Old Mines, Mo. He was educate 1 in the pubb'c schools; and has had a varied experience 'n the mining bus'iness For many years he has bsen connectei with the mining business; and is also prominently i:!eitified with th? bnsines? and public affairs of Boulder. Cclo. He is Mayor of his Ctv; and has sihown great business and executive ability in the administrati'^n of its affairs: and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. JOSEPH, HARRY SHE^ID.\N. civl engineer. legis^Iator. was born June 14, ISfiC. in Cincinnati. Ohio. He received a thorough education and graduated from the McMecken University of Cincinnati. Ohio. He has attained prominence as a successful civil and mining engineer and mine mana.ger. He has been chief en- gineer of the Great Salt Lake and Hot Springs Railway; County Surveyor of Davis County, Utah; County Surveyor of Salt Lake County, Utah; and vice-presi- dent of the Board of Trustees of the Utah Industrial School. Since 1905 he has been a Representative in the Utah State Legislature. KENNON, LYMAN W. V., armj- offi- cer, was born Sept. 2, 1858, in Provi- dence, R. I. He was educated at the United States Military Academy of West Point. N. Y. He was Adjutant-General during the American occupation of Cuba; and Colonel in the Thirty-fourth Infantry, United States Volunteers, and com- mander of the Third Brigade of the First Division in the Eighth Army Corps, dur- ing the Philippine Insurection. Since 1902 he has held the rank of Major in the United States Army; and is now stationed at Rio Janeiro, Brazil. KIMBALL, EDWARD FENNO, govern- ment official was born Nov. 17, 1859, in North Berwick. Maine. He was educated in the public and private schools and in- stitutes of Washington, D. C; and is a graduate of the Revenue Cutter Service. He has been Lieutenant in the United States Revenue Cutter Service; and filled various positions of trust and honor. For several years he was Chief Clerk of the Money Order System in the United States Postoffice Department. Since 1804 he has been United States Super- intendent of the Money Order System in the United States Postoffice Department. KING, JOHN E., State Librarian of Minnesota, was born Aug. 27, 1870, in Laketon, Wabash County, Ind. He was educated in the public schools of his native state. In 1894-99 he was' post- master of Adrian, Minn.; and in 1900-01 was a member of the Minnesota State Board of Equalization. In 1904 he was a Democratic candidate for Secretary of State of Minnesota. For many years ho was editor of The Red Lake Courier ot Red Lake Falls. Minn. He is now State Librarian of Minnesota. KING, WILLIAM A. Educator, legis- lator, was born in 1856, in Mercer Coun- tv. Mo. He was educated in the public schools of Kanisas; and until 1883 was engaged in educational work; since 1888 he has been engaged in the wholesale fruit and produce business in Trinidad, Colo.; is Grand Councillor of the Grand Lodge of Colorado United Com- mercial Travelers; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is now a Representative in the Colorado State Legislature for the term of 1904-OG. I'.XAPP. PHARI ES JUNIUS, banker, state legislator, congi-essman. was born' J-'U'!' 30. 1845. in Pepacton. N. Y. He was educated at Hamilton Coilesre. For ivanv years h'^ was Presi'lent of the De- troit National Pank of D=p"sit. N. Y. He h's been rresi-'ent of the board of edu- ca*^icn : was elected sunervis'-r in 1SS5 pnd 1SS6: and served as member of the New York State Leiislature in ISRfi and ISSS. He waS' electe-1 to the Fiftv-first Co"p-r'=s-5 ?<; a ■"e'lubl'can. In 1890 he organized The Binshamton Trust Com- nanv. became ''ts first president and still holds that position. TATTOHLTN. TEMUBT, T... business manager public official, was born Dec. 16 1859. in Pock Lick, Va.. "ow W Va. He was pducatod in the public schools; and in 1S84 era-inated from the Lincoln Uni- cersity of Illinois. He organized and is ADDENDA. vil tlie general manager of The Toltec Live Stock Company of Toltec, Wyo., which is capitalized at two hundred thovisand dol- lars. He served one term on the Board of School Directors of Albany County, Wyo.; was the first nominee in 1904 of the Prohibition Party for the position of representing the state of Wyoming in the United States Congress; and has filled various other positions of trust and honoi-. He is now a member of the Pro- hibition National Committee. LYON. GEORGE, journalist, publisher, public official, was born July 30, 1859, in Ogdensburg. N. Y. He was educated at Philipps Exeter Academy of New Hampshire; and in 1S81 graduated from Harvard College of Cambridge, ilass. He is a successful journalist and publisher: and editor of Nuckolls County Herald of Nelson, Neb. He is also an abstracter of titles: and the owner of the only set of Abstract Books of his county. He per- sonally superintends a farm of four hun- dred and eighty acres: and makes a spe- cialty of real estate and loans. He is a director in the First National Bank of Nelson. Neb.; and prominently identified with the bus'ness and public affairs of that city. Since 1903 he has held the rank of Major in the Nebraska National Guard; and was Colonel on Governor Holcomb's staff. MABREY, HENRY Y., educator, law- yer, jurist, was born Dec. 3, 183fi, in Ran- dolph County. Ind. He was educated in the public schools of Missouri; and at- tended the Jackson Seminary for one term. For many years he was a teacher in the public schools ; was county school commissioner and co-.mty Superintendent ol" public schools. He has served as a Justice of the Peace: and for six years was public administrator of Wayne Coun- ty. Mo. In 1894-98 and since 1902 he has been Probate Judge for Wayne County, Mo. MADDOX. ROBERT GWLNN. soldier, business man, public offic'al. was born Aug. 5, 184(1, in Rapides Parish. La. He served in the civil war as a soldier in confederate army. He was schooled at St. John College of Anapolis, Md. He is a planter, bookkeeper and acsountant; and is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his com- munity. Since 1S92 he has been parish treasurer. MADILL, LESLIE D.. accountant, public official, was b^rn .Marc'i 24. 1879, in Midland. Mich. He was educated in the public schools of his native city; and is a bookkeeper and accountant by pro- fession. He has been Deputy Register of Deeds, Deputv Sheriff. DemKy County Treasurer: and iS' now Chairman of the Republican City aTd Co"nty Ct:mm'ttees Since 1905 he has b;en County Treasurer for Midl-md County. Mich. MARSH M.L, JAMFS M.. army officer, was born May 31, 1844. in Co'es County T!i. He was educated at the United State Millitarv Academy of West Point'. N. Y. In 1865 he was' promoted First Lieutenant in the Thirteenth Infantry; in 18(i6 was transfe"red to tire Th'rty- first Infantry: in 18P9 to the Twenty- second Infantry: and in 1880 for the Fourth Artillery, In 18^.5 he b'^came Cap- tain and Assistant 0\iarterniaster; in 1891 became Majir and Q\iartermaster: and in 1897 Deputv Quartermaster-Gen- eral. Since 1901 he has been Assistant Ouartermaster-General in the United States Army, with the rank of Colonel. MARTIN. J. WILLIS, lawyer, jurist. was born May 29. 1856, in Philadelphia. Pa. He received a thorough education; and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania; He has attained promi- nence as one of the leading lawyers or of the Court of Common Pleas No. 5 of Philadelphia County, Pa.; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1889 he has served and held the rank of Second-Lieutenant of Cavalry in the Pennsylvania National Guard. MATHUES, WILLIAM LINCOLN, law- yer, public official, was born March 24, isG2 in Delaware County, Pa. He received his education in the public schools of Media, Pa.; and soon attained success in the practice of law. In 1885-87 he was deputy sheriff of his County; in 1887- 92 he was deputy prothonotary and deputy clerk of courts; and In 1892-1904 was prothonotary and clerk of Courts. In 1904 ho wsa a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago, 111.; and has filled various positions of trust and honor He is now Treasurer of the State of Pennsylvania for the term of 1904- 1906, MATTHEWS, MATTHEW CLEMENT, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 1, 1862, In Dubuque, Iowa. He was educated in the public and parochial schools of Iowa; at- tended the Business College; and studied law and was admitted to the bar. He soon attained success in the practice of law at Dubuque, Iowa; and tor six years was county attorney of Dubuque County. Iowa. Since 1898 he has been Judge of the District Court of the Nineteenth Judi- cial District of Iowa: and his decisions have shown great erudition and learning. He is prominent in fraternal and patriotic societies; and is now High Chief Ranger of the Independent Order of Foresters of Iowa. MATTHEWS, WILLIAM BAYNHAM, lawyer, journalist, author, was born in July, 1850. in Lynchbur.g, Va. He was educated at the University of Virginia; and at Columbian University of Wash- ington, D. C. In 1892-96 he was attorney for the state of Idaho; and since 1898 has been Washington attorney for the Rio Grande M'estern Railroad Company He is the author of Matthews' Forms of Pleading: Guide for Executors and Ad- ministrators: Digest of Land Decisions; and Matthews' Guide, In 1883-89 he was Chief of the Preemption Division of the United States General Land Office; and resides in Washington, D. C McCANDLESS, J. GUY, physician, sur- g:pr>n, was born Jan. 1. 1839. in Perrys- vllle. Pa. He was educated at the Jeffer- son Medical College; and is a successful practicing physician of Pennsylvania. He has been a member of the Pennsylvania State Board of Medical Examiners; for fourteen years surgeon to the Pennsyl- vania National Guard; and for ten years was Health physican for the City of Pittsburgh. He has been director Depart- ment of Public Works of Pittsburgh; and has held various other positions of trust and honor. He is- a member of Pennsyl- vania Post No. 3, Grand Army of the Republic. McCOOK. JOH-N JAMES, soldier, law- ver, statesman, was bora May 25. 1845, in Carrollton. Ohio. He is the youngest son of the Oh'o familv known as the fighting McCooks. consisting of a father and nine sons, who with five cousins, were all officers in the Civil war. He enlisted in the Sixth Ohio Cavalry; and served in the campaigns of Perryv'lle, Stone River, Chattanooga, and Chica- manga, and in General Grant's Cam- paign with the Army of the Potomac. In 1S64 he was severely wounded at Shady Grove, Va. ; and was mustered out as Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers. He re- entered Kenyon College ,and in 1866 graduated with the degree of A. M.; In 1867 graduated from Harvard Law School; and has received the degree of A. M. from Princeton University and the degree of LL. D. from the University o£ Kansas. He was invited to a place .n President McKinley's first cabinet; and during the Spanish-American War was Chairman of the Army and Navy, Chris- tian Commission of the Y. M. C. A. He is an eminent member of the bar of New York City; a Director of Princeton Theological Seminary; and a member of numerous clubs and societies; and re- sides in New York City. McKEE, JAMES ANDERSON, physi- cian, surgeon, legislator, was born June 6, 1854, in Crawford County, Pa. He re- ceived a thorough education in the public schools; and graduated from the Rush Medical College of Chicago, and from the California Medical College. He has. attained success as a noted physician and surgeon of Sacramento, Cal.; and is a member of the leading medical and scientific associations of America. He is a member of the California State Senate for the Seventh District for the term of 190509. McKEE, WOOD, lawyer, legislator, was born Nov. 10, 1806, in Paterson, N. J. He was educated in the public schools of his native city; and at Prof. Mac- Mann's Academy. He has attained suc- cess at the Bar of New Jersey; in 1898- 99 was a Representative to the New Jer- sey State Legislature; and in 1895-98 was Assistant Chairman of the Passaic County Committee. Since 1900 he has been a member of the New Jersey State Senate from Passaic County. Mckinley, WILLIAM brown, busi- ness man, president, congressman, was born Sept. 5, 1856, in Petersburg, lU. He was educated in the common schools; and studied two years in the University of Illinois', He has been principally en- gaged in building electrical railroads; and " "asPresldent of the Illinois Traction Com- pany He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. He was elected to the Fifty-ninth Congress from the Nineteenth District of Illinois as a Republican for the term of 1905-07; and resides in Champaign, 111. METZGER ,M. C, Vice-President State Board of Pharmacy of Ulinos, was born June 9. 1855. in Bridgeport, N. Y. He is a successful drjggist and business man of Cairo, III.; and prominently indenti- fied with the basines; and public affair- cf that c'ty. He is Vice-President of the State Board of Pharmacy of Illinois for the term of 1901-06. MILLER, WILLIAM G., builder, con- tractor, legislator, was born Feb. 2, 1853, in Village of Brookhaven. Suffolk County,' N. Y. He was educated in the district schools of his native state and under private tutors. He is interested in real, estate, a successful builder and general contractor of Freeport, N. Y.; and prom- inently identified with the business and public affairs cf that city. For seven terms he was President of the Village of Freeport; President of Insurance Com- panys; Director cf Freeport Bank; Di- rector of the Brunswick Bank of Brook- Ivn. N. Y.: and a Director in various othher banks and corporations. Since ADDENDA. 1904 he has been a Representative in the New York State Legislature. MITCHELL, ASAHEL W., business manager, legislator, public offlclal, was born Oct. 16, 1865, in Woodbury, Conn. He was educated at the Parker Academy of Woodbury, Conn. He is Superin- tendent of the Woodbury Water Com- pany; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his native city. Since 1895 he has been town clerk; in 1897-98 w-as^ a representa- tive in the Connecticut State Legisla- ture; and in 1899-1900 was a member of the Connecticut State Senate. He is Comi)troller of Connecticut for the term of 1905-06. MITCHELL, JOSEPH DANIEL, natur- alist, legislator, was born Oct. 22. 1848, in Point Comfort, Calhoun County, Texas. He is a stockman and farmer. He has served as a Representative in the Texas State Legislature; and is the father of the Fish and Oyster Laws' of Texas. He has published notes on Texas Shells; and on Poisonous Snakes of Texas. He is a member of the Texas Academy of Sci- ence; and a member of the Texas His- torical Association. He had collected and donated to the Public High School ol Victoria several thousand s'jecimens ol the Natural History of Texas. He is serving his fifth term as School Trustee of the Independent Incorporated School District of Victoria. Texas. He is now acting as Special Field Agent in Texas, for the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, in its fight against the cattle fever tick. MONSELL, ISAAC A., soldier, car- penter, builder, was b^rn July 29, 1839. in Aquavoque, Long Island, N. Y. He was educated at Greenport. N. Y.; and at New Haven. Conn. He served with distinction in the Civl war in the Fourth Regiment of New York Volunteers; and participated in numerous battles and skirmishes. He is a Carpenter and bu'ld- er of Greenport, N. Y.; is now filling the office of Village Trustee; is a member of the Board of Education; has been District Deputy-Grandmaster Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. MONTGOMERY. JOHN ALEXANDER, consulting engineer .business president, was born Aug. 30, 1851. in Lewisburg. Va. He has been Division engineer of the C. find O. Palroad: Director and constructing engineer to the Georgia Pacific Railroad; President of the M. L. Coal and Railroad Company; receiver of the Birmingham Powderly and Bessemer Railroad; Chief Eng'neer of the Birming- ham and Atlantic Railroad- President of the Leeds Company; Vice-President Leeds Improvement Company; and i~ now an eminent Consulting Engineer of Birmngh^m. Ala. MONTOYA, NESTOR. journalist, linguist, legislator, was born April 14, 1860. in Albuquerque. N. M. He wa^ educated at St. Michaels C^lleee of Santa Fe. N. M. He iS' a distineiiished linguist; and editor of La Bandera Americano, a weekly Spanish nnper pnh'isned in Al- buquerque N. M. In 1903-04 he was Speakc- "f the Ho"se of Reiiresentative=! in the Thirtv-fifth T°rr'torial Legislative Asseiibly: a'ld haS' filled numerous other positions of trust and honor He is now a member of the Territ'^rial Council of New Mexico for Bernalillo County for the term of 190.5-06. MOBRY. FR\NK A., lawyer, legislator, was b-^rn March 11, 1863. in Keesv'lle, N. Y. He was educated at the Bates Col- lege of Lewiston. Maine, from which in- stitution he graduated in 1885. For two years he was city solicitor of Lewiston, Maine; and has filled various positions of trust and honor. He was Representative from the City of Lewiston to the Maine State Legislature in 1899, 1903 and 1905; and at each session was assigned on im- portant committees. He introduced and secured the passage of the Usury Act, the act providing for separate ballots on questions submitted to voters, and other acts affecting the Ballot Laws of the State of Maine. He is a Representative in the Maine State Legislature, and is now serving his third term of 1905-06. NEWITT, JOSEPH, lawyer, miner, jur- ist, was born Jan. 30. 1848. in Oxford- shire, England. He was educated in the National Schools and Academies of Ox- ford, England; and for many years has been engaged in law and mining in the State of Colorado. For fourteen years he wasi clerk of the District Court of Chaffee County, Colo.; and has held various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1897 he has been County and Probate Judge for Chaffee County. NICHOLS, SAM H., business man, public oflScial, was born in 1838 in Mai- den, Mass. He was educated in the Maiden High School and at Medford Academy. He attained success in the real estate and insurance business in Minnesota and at Olympia, Wash. He has filled various local oflices; was clerk of the House of Representatives; clerk Supreme Court; and State Oil In- spector in Minnesota. He has been a member of the City Council of Olympia, Wash. Since 1901 he has been State Secretary of Washngton. iNlCHOLSON. ERNEST .farmer, real estate, jurist, was born July 26, 1849, in Otisco, Ionia County. Mich. He was educated at Smyrna, Northfield and Ann Arbor. He is a successful farmer and real estate dealer; was Supervisor for six years; a member of the Congres- sional Committee for eight years; a member of the Senatorial Committee for eight years; and a member of the Repre- sentative Committee for fourteen years. In 1905 he was Chairman of the Nine- teenth Judicial District ; and has filled numerous other positions of trust and honor. Since 1896 he has been Judge of the Probate Court for Lake County. OSWALD. FRIDOLIN, civil engineer, surveyor, public official, was born March 6, 1839, in Switzerland. He received the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his native place; and studied in the college at Munich, Germany. He has attained prominence as a successful architect and civ'l engineer; has been County Civil Engineer and Surveyor; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He has been a member of the Countv Board of Supervisors; Pres- ident of the City Council; a trustee of ihe Illino's Society of Civil Engineer and Surveyors; and a member of the Illinois State Board of Evaminers of Architects. PAGE. SAMUEL G.. business man. public official of North Carolina, was born March 29, 1848, in Henry County, Va. He was educated at Olin College of North Carolina. He is proprietor of a Hotel in Mount Airy. N. C, dealer in blooded horses; and identifiel with the busines.s and public affairs of his community. He has been Justice of the Peace; Chairman of the City Democratic Committee; and has held various other positions of trust and honor. He is now filling the office of Mayor for the City of Mount Airy, and is serving his third term of 1905-06. PARKINSON, DANIEL BALDWIN, President Southern Illinois State Uni- versity, was born Sept. 6, 1845, in Madi- son County, 111. He was educated at McKendree College of Lebanon, 111.; and at the Northwestern University of Evanston, 111. In 1869-70 he was princi- pal of Carmi Public Schools; and in 1870- 73 was teacher of Science and mathe- matics at Jennings Seminary of Aurora, 111. In 1874-98 he was professor of Physical Sciences in the Southern Illinois State Normal University; and then be- came president of that Institution. He is a member of the leading educational associations; and has filled various po- sitions of trust and honor. Since 1898 he has been President of the Southern Illi- nois State Normal Universaty. PEALER, RUSSEL R., lawyer, legis- lator, jurist, was born Jan. 1, 1842, in Greenwood, Pa. He was educated in the Normal Schools of New Columbus and Orangeville, Pa.; and since 1867 has practiced law in Three Rivers, Mich. He has been Circuit Court Commissioner; Prosecuting attorney; a Representative in the Michigan State Legislature; and in 1882-88 was Circuit Judge of the Fif- teenth Judicial Circuit of Michigan. He has been president of the Advisory Board o; Pardons; served as Commissioner to Examine the General Laws; and in 1900 was Department Commander of the Giand Army of the Republic for the State of Michigan. He is now Com- mander of the Grand Army of the Re- public for the State of Michigan. He is now Commanfler of tTie Loyal Legion tor the State of Michigan. PECK. HORACE SILL, banker, brcJTcer, was born Aug. 3, 1875, at Montgomery Hall, Staunton, Va. He was educated at the Drexel Institute of Philadelphia. Pa. He is a successful banker and broker of Providence, R. I.; and a member of the firm of E. J. Knight and Company. Dur- ing the S|)anish-American war he was assistant commissary First Regiment Rhode Island United States Volunteer In- fantry. He has been paymaster First In- fantry Rhode Island Militia; and has filled several other positions of trust and honor. Since 1900 he has held the rank of First-Lieutenant on the staff in the Rhode Island National Guard. PECK. JOSIAH WASHINGTON, law- yer, banker, legislator, was bora Sept. 28. 1856. in Mount Bridges. Ontario, Canada. He was educated at the State Normal School of Peru, Neb.; attended the Uni- versty of Wisconsin at Madison. Wis.; and graduated from the law department of the Washington University at St Louis. Mo. He has attained success in the practice of law; for several years has been connected with the Farmers' Bank of Westboro. Mo. ; and is prominently identified with the bus'ness and public affairs of that city. He is now a member of the Missouri State Senate from the First District for the term of 1905-09 PEDEDNEIRAS, ACHILLES VBLLO- SO DE, Lieutenant-Colonel, was born Oct. 12. 1S59. in R'o de Janeiro. Brazil He has been in several branches of the Brazilian Army; is a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Artillery Corps; and is now the Military Attache of the Brazilian Em- bassy in the United States of America; and resides in Washington. D. C. PHELPS. ALONZO S., ph.vsician, surtreon, public official, was born in 1872 in Delaware. Iowa. He received a thor- ough education; and graduated in medi- ADDKNDA. ix cine from the Hahnemann Medical Col- lege of Chicago, 111. He isi a successful physician and surgeon of Martinsville, 111.; and prominently identified with the business and public auairs of that City. He is now filling the oilice of Mayor of the City of Martinsville for the term of 1905-07. RAND, STEPHEN, Pay Director United States Navy, was born May 11, 1844, in New Boston, Vt. He was educated at Dartmouth College. Since 1S62 he has been an officer of the United States navy; and ha& served as a soldier, engi- neer and paymaster. He is now a Pay Director and General Storekeeper in the United States Navy. RAYNOLDS, JAMES WALLACE, Sec- retary of the Territory and Lieutenant- Governor of New Mexico, was born March 23, 1873, in Pueblo, Colo. He was edu- cated in the local schools of Las Vegas, N. M. and at Canton, Ohio; and gradu- ated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a s-uccessful mining engineer; and in 1901-06 was Secretary of New Mexico. He is L-eutenant-Gov- ernor of New Mexico for the term of 1906-10. REAMAN, waLLIAM M., Captain South Dakota National Guard, was bom in 1870, in Fond du Lac, Wis. He re- ceived h's education in the public schools; is now a successful harness- maker and business man of Aberdeen, S. D. ; and connected with the Aberdeen Harness Companv of that Citv. He has been Lieutenant in the South Dakota Na- tional Guard; and has filled various other positions' of trust and honor. Since 1904 he has held the rank of Captain in the South Dakota Nat'onal Guard; and resides in Aberdeen. S. D. REED R HARVEY, physician, surg- eon, was born in 1851, near Dalton. Wayne County. Ohio. He was educated at Mt. XTnion College of Ohio; and in 1876 graduated from the medical dejiart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania with honors, and served in the hospital. He is a successful physician and surgeon of Rock Springs. Wyo.; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his community. He has been surgeon to the Children's Home of Mans- field. Ohio; surgeon to the Baltimore and Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroads at Mansfield. Ohio; and also surgeon for several other railroads leading into Co- lumbus. Ohio; and is now division surgeon of the Pac'fic Railroad, and surgeon to the Union Pacific Coal Com- pany of Rock Springs, Wyo., For several years he was Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery at the Ohio Med- ical University. He is Colonel and Surgeon-General on the Governor's staff in the Wyoming National Guard. REED, SILAS D., lawyer, legislator, was born June 25, 1872, in Taunton. Mass. He was educated at Bristol Aca- demy of Taunton. Mass.; in 189;', gradu- ated from Amherst College; and subse- quently from Boston University Law School. He soon attained saiccess in the practice of law at Taunton. Mass. In 1897-1902 he was a Representative in the Massachusetts State Legislature; and in 1901 was a member of the Special Legis- lative Committee on Revision of the Statutes. In 1903 and 1904 he was a member of the Republican State Com- mittee. He iS' a member of the Massa- chusetts State Senate from the First Bristol District for the term of 1905-06; in 1905 was a member of the Recess Legislative Committee on the Revision of the Railroad and Street Railway Laws. REESE. DAVID A., business man. public official, was born Sept. 22. 1854, in Cambria County, Pa. He was educated in the public schools of his native state; and graduated from Duff's College ot Pittshurg, Pa. For thirteen years he was a lumber foreman; and became a succes- ful carpenter of Iowa City. Iowa. He has filled numerous positions of trust and honor; for four years was a mem- ber of the City Council of Iowa City, Iowa; is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of that city; and now fills the office ot County Treasurer. REEVES. IRA L., soldier, journalist, business president, author, was born March 8, 1872, in Jefferson City, Mo. He was educated in the public schools and graduated from the Eldon Academy and the Miller County Academy of Missouri. He has been second-Lieutenant, first- lieutenant and captain in the United States army; and was retired from active service in 1901. He served in the Span- ish-Amercan war in the Cuban cam- paign; and was wounded during his service in the Philippine Islands. Since 1903 he has been Brigadier-General Com- manding the Indian Territory Volunteer Militia. He is president of the Muskogee Electric Traction Company; and prom- inently identified with the business and public affairs of Muskogee, India Terri- tory. He has been editor and publisher of several newspapers in Missouri and the Indian Territory. He is the author of Bamboo Tales; and Manual for Aspirants for Commissions in the United States army. RHORER, JOHN WEBSTEJR, surveyor, land agent, legislator, was born Jan. 11, 1865, in Fairmount, now Grant Parish, La. He received a thorough education in the public and private schools of his native state. He is now a successful sur- veyor and land agent of Lake Charles, La.; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of that City. He has been United States Deputy Marshal; a member of the Parish School Board; United States Deputy Surveyor; United States Commissioner; and for seven years Parish Surveyor of Calcasieu Parish, La. He is now a Representative in the Louisiana Legislature for the term of 1904-08. RICE, JAMES HORTON, wool-grower, legislator, public official, was born July ?«, 1839, in Clarkson, Monroe County, N. Y. He received a thorough education; and graduated from Genesee College of Lima, N. Y. He is a successful wool- grower of Montana; and for many years has been prominently identified with the business and public affairs of Montana. He was a Representative in the Eighth Assembly of the Montana State Legis- lature; was a member on several im- portant committees; and has filled numerous other positions of trust and honor; and is now Treasurer of the State of Montana for the term of 1904-08. RICHARDSON. FELIX A.. Librarian State Supreme Court of Colorado, was born Dec 11, 1835, in Glasgow, Ky. He w-as educated in the public and private schools of his native county; and gradu- ated from Urania College. During the Civil war in 186.3-65 he was Deputy Pro- vost Marshal for the third district of Kentucky; and in 1865-69 he was Deputy Postmaster of Glasgow. Ky. Since 1885 he has been in the service of the State of Colorado as Bailiff and Librarian; and is still filling the office of Librarian of the State Supreme Court of Colorado. RICHMOND, EPHRIAM THOMAS CARROLL, army officer, was born May 28. 1843. in Frederick County. Md. He was educated at the United States Mili- tary Academy of West Point. N. Y. He has been Second kieutenant. First Lieu- tenant. Captain, Major, Lieutenant-Col- onel and Colonel in the Artillery Corps of the United States Army, Since 1899 hp has held the rank of Colonel in the Forty- first Regiment Infantry United States Volunteers, and Colonel in the Artillery Corps of the United States Army, now retired. ROBERTSON, ALEXANDER JOHN MORRISON, lawyer, legislator. was born Sept. 3, 1867, in Honolulu, Hawaii. He received a thorough educa- tion in the Hawa'i and California public schools; and graduated from the law school of Yale University. In 1901-03 he was a Representative in the Firs't Terri- torial Legislature of Hawaii; In 1904-05 he was President of the Bar Association of Hawaii; in 1904-06 was chai-man of the Republican Territorial Central Com- mittee; has filled various other position.^ of trust and honor; and he is a member ot the Hawaii Republican National Com- mittee. ROLLINS. FRANK WElST. legislator, governor was born Feb. 24. 1860. in Con- cord. N. H., He was educated at the Mas- sachusetts Institute of Technology; and at the Harvard Law School. He served with distinction in the New Hampshire State Senate in 1895; and was made president of that body. He is a success- ful lawyer and banker; and originated the Old Home Week scheme in 1898, which has since spread over a large pan of the country. In 1899-1900 he was gov- , ernor of New Hampshire. He still re- sides in the place of his nativity; and hiS' portrait hangs in the new library building of the state capitol. ROUNER, DAVID ARGYLE. soldier, farmer, .lawyer, legislator, was born April 20. 1842. in Sligo. Ky. He served as a soldier iti the confederate army; was a member of the thirty-first and thirty- second Missouri general assemblies; ana a member of the thirty-sixth and thirty- seventh state senate. He is the author of many of the revenue laws of Missou- ri. In i901-05 he was Prosecuting Attor- ney for Knox County, Mo.; and during hisi four years' service never lost a case. ROWE, ALBERT, business man, public official, was born May 4, 1846, in Albany. N. Y. He received his education in the public and private schools of his native state. For many years he has been prominently identified with the business and public affairs of Saugerties. N. Y.; and connected with the wholesale meat and provision business. For the past ten years he has been manager of the well-known firm of Schwarzschild & Sulz- berger Company at Saugerties, N. Y.. one of the largest wholesale meat and pro- vision corporations in the world. For eight years he has been Mayor of Saug- erties, N. Y.; and has filled numerous other positions of trust and honor. Since 1898 he has been Mayor for the City of Saugerties. RUSSEL, ANDREW, banker, public of- ficial, was bom June 17, 1856, in Jack- sonville, III. He was educated in the public schools of his native city; and graduated from the Illinois College. He is a member of the Banking firm of Dun- lap, Russell and Company of Jackson- ville, III.; and prominently identified with ADDENDA. the business and public affairs of that City. He has been President of the Pub- lic Library Board of Trustees; President Jacksonville Art Association; member Board of Ti-»stees of Illinois College; Treasurer of Morgan County Historical Society; and a Director in the Illinois Historical Society. He is now serving his Fifth term as City Treasurer of JacK- sonville, 111. He is President of the State Board of Pardons of Illinois. RYAN, TIMOTHY E.. lawyer, political economist, was born Jan. 10, 1S59, in Greenwich, Wiashington Coimty, N. Y. He was educated at the Pewaukee High School; attended the Spencerian Busi- ness College of Milwaukee, Wis.; and in 1885 graduated from the Wisconsin Uni- versity. He has attained eminence at the bar of Wisconsin; for five years was President of the Board of Education of the City of Waukesha; and has filled va- rious other positions of trust and nonor. Since 1900 he has been a member of the Democratic National Committee for Wis- consin. SACKETT, JOHN WARREN, soldier, civil engineer, was born Dae. 13. 1860 in Rantoul, 111. He graduated from the University of Illinois; and has attained success as a civil engineer. Since 1888 he has been principal assistant to tlie United States Engineer of Florida Dis- trict at Jacksonville. During the Span- ish-American war he was Major in the United States Volunteers, commanding provisional engineer of the Battalion in Cuba and Porto Rico. He landed the first troops of the American Army in the Porto Rican Expedition. He has held the principal offices in several secret societies; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is Col- onel in the First Infantry Florida State Troojis. SCHREIBEIR, THILO A., journalist, public official was born March 25, 1855, in Rockstertt, Germany. He was educat- ed at Sondershausen, Germany. He has gained success in the field of journ- alism; and has been editor of several publications. Since 1898 he has been secretary and Chairman respectively ot the Republican County Central Commit- tee; since ]8n8 has been County Audi- tor of Mercer County, N. D. ; has filled variousi other positions of trust a,nd hon- or; and he is now Colonel of the North Dakota National Guard; and is aide-de- camp on the general staff. SEIBER, WILLIAM, manufacturer, i)ub- lic official, was born Feb. 5. 1869, in Cin- cinnati, Ohio. He was educated in the public and private schools of Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a successful business man and manufacturer of Central City, W. Va. ; proprietor of the Central Veneer Company; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his city. He has filled various positions of trust and honor: and as Mayor of his "City has shown great business and execu- tive ability. SiELDBN, EiDWIN VAN DEUSEN. business president, was bom Dec. 23, 1858, in Lawrenoeville, Allegheny County, Pa. He was educated in the public and private schools of Meadville, Pa.; and at the Episcopal Academy of Philadelphia, Pa. He is a well-known oil refiner and producer; is connected with the Crystal Oil Works of Oil City. Pa.; President of the Oil City Oil Exchange: and has filled various other positions of trust and hon- or. He hasi been Quartermaster of the Sixteenth Regiment National Guard of Pennsylvania; and in 1898 became Col- onel of the Twenty-first Regiment Infan- try. He is Lieutenant-Colonel and In- spector of Rifle Practice for the Penn- sylvania Division of the Pennsylvania National Guard. SEYMOUR, HENRY WILLIAM, law- yer, manufacturer, state senator, con- gressman, was born in July 21, 1834, in Brockport, N. Y. He was educated at the BiT^kport collegiate institute, Canan- daigua academy, and in 1855 graduated fiom Williams college. In 1856 he began the practice of law; and subsequently became interested in the lumber business at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and other Imsineas enterprises. In 1881-82 he was d reprssentativo in the Michigan state legislature; and in 1883-87 was a member of the fiftieth congress from Michigan as a republican; and served on several important committees. He died April 7. 1906, in Sault Ste. Marie. Blich. SHOUP, JAMES M., United States Mar- shall for Alaska, was born in 1849, in Armstrong County, Pa. He was educated in the public and private schools; &tua- ied law and was admitted to the bar. He filled several county offices in Idaho; was a member of the first State Senate; and in 1892 was a delegate to the Republican National Convention. Since 1897 he has been United States. Marshal for the First District of Alaska, arid is now serving his second term of 1904-08. SIEGFRIED. DANIEL F., soldier, drug- gist, public official, was born Nov. 4. 1845, in Cotasauqua, Pa. He was educat- ed in the public and private schools ot Bethlehem, Pa. For three years he was trustee of the Normal School at Valley City; hasi been trustee of the Soldier's Home at Lisbon; for four years served as Couiity Commissioner of Barnes County. N. D. ; and has filled various other posi- tions of trust and honor. He is a success^ ful druggist of Sanborn, N. D.; and promi- nently identified with the business and public affairs of that city. He is Depart- ment Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic for North Dakota for the term of 1905; and resides in Sanborn, N. D. SIMPSON, JOSEPH W., merchant, leg- islator, was born in 1870. in Y'ork Har- bor. Maine. He was educated in the public and private schools of Kent's Hill and York, Maine. He is a provision merchant and interested in Real Estate at York. Maine; and prominently identi- fied with the business and public affairs of that City. In 1897 he was a repre- sentative in the Maine State Legislature, and was a member of several important committees. He has been Town Treas- urer; member of the County Committee; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. He is a member of the Maine State Senate for the term of 1905-06. SMITH, MILTON, lawyer, political economist, w-as bom July 31, 1866, in Sussex County, N. J. He was educated at the High School of Ellenville. N. Y.; and in 1887 graduated from Cornell Uni- versity of Ithaca, N. Y. He is a success- ful lawyer, principally giving his atten- tion to corporation, mining, irrigation and insurance law. Since 1896 he has been Chairman of the Colorado Democratic State Committee. SNIVELY, ETHAN A., journalist, pub- lic official, was born Feb. 17, 1845, in Cuba. F^ilton County, 111. He received a thorough education In the public schools of his native state. He became a suc- cessful printer and journalist; and in 1879-81 was president of the Illinois Press Association. In 1878-96 he was clerk of the Supreme Court, Central Grand Divi- sion of Illinois; and has filled various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1897 he has been a member of the State Board of Pardons of Illinois. SNYDER, WILLIAM PRESTON, phy- sician, surgeon, legislator, was born Oct. 7, 1851, in Chester County, Pa. He re- ceived the rudiments of his education in the public schools; and in 1873 graduat- ed from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1873-86 he practiced medicine in Spring City, Pa.; and in 1883-85 was postmaster of that city. In 1887-91 he was Prothono- tary of Chester County; and in 1878 and in 1882 was a delegate to the State Con- ventions. In 1891 he was a Representa- tive in the Pennsylvania State Legisla- ture; and in 1892-1904 was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate. He is now Auditor-General of the State of Pennsylvania for the term of 1904-07 SPENCER, CARNOT O., public official, jurist, was born May 27, 1832, in Say- brook, now Essex, Conn. He received a common school and academic education. He has been selectman. Town clerk, as- sessor and a memberot the School Board for the Town of Essex, and has been Judge of the Probate District of Essex. In 1861-62 and 1878-79 he was a Repre- sentative in the Connecticut State Legis- lature; and in 1869 was a member of the State Senate. In 1881-98 he was Chief Clerk of the School Fund Depart- ment. Since 1898 he has been Commis- sioner of the School Fund for the State of Connecticut. STEELE. JAMES E,, banker, legisla- tor, was born June 22, 1852, in Man- chester, England. He is a successful farmer, stockraiser and merchant of Idaho. He was President of the Idaho Commission at the St. Louis Fair; and is now Chairman of the Lewis, and Clark Exposition of Portland. He was Presi- dent of the Farmers' Progress Canal Company of Bingham County, Idaho; President of Rigby Bank; President of the Iowa Mercantile Company; and a director in var'ous other corporations. He has been Mayor of the Village of lona; and Deputy Clerk of the Seventh District Court. In 1903-05 he was a rep- resentative in the Idaho State Legislat- ure; and is now a member of the State Senate. STEWART. REUBEN ELMER, busd- ness man, educator, was born June 13, 1864, in Westmoreland County, Pa. He was educated in the Grammar and Central High Schools of Pittsburg. Pa.; and graduated from Westminster College of New Wilmington, Pa. For many years he was engaged in mercantile work; and was a carpet and furniture salesman in Omaha, Neb. For seven years he was a teacher in the Nebraska School for the Deaf; and for two years was a teacher in the School for Deaf at Council Bluffs. Iowa. He is now Sup- erintendent of the School for the Deaf and Dumb of Nebraska for the term of 1901-07. STRBETER. FRANK SHERWIN, law- yer, legislator, political economist, was born Aug. 5, 1853, in East Charleston, Vt. He was educated at St. Johnsbury Academy; and graduated from Dart- mouth College. He soon attained suc- cess in the practice of law in Concord. N. H.; and is prominently identified with, the business and public affairs of that city. In 1885 he was a Representative ADDENDA. xl in the New Hampshire State Legislat- ure; and was a member of several ini- portant committees. lu 189G lie was a member of the Republican National Con- vention; since 1S93 has been a Trustee ot Dartmouth College; hasi filled various other positions ot trust and honor; and is now a member of the Republican Na- tional Committee for ,New Hampshire. STUEVE, CLEMENT AUGUST, law- yer, jurist, was born Nov. 27, 1855, in Minster, Auglaize County, Ohio. He was educated in the public and private schools of Minster and Toledo, Ohio. He has attained success in the practice of law at Wapakoneta, Ohio; has been clerk of the Village; served one term as Mayor of Wapakoneta; and has filled several oth- er positions of trust and honor. He is Judge of the Probate Court for Auglaize County for the term of 1903-OG. TOADVIN. EDWARD STANLEY, State Land Commissioner or Maryland, was born Dec. 3, 1848, in Salisbury, Md. He was educated at Princeton College and at the University of Virginia. He has been States Attorney for Wicomic;! Coun- ty, Md.; and held various other positions of trust and honor. Since 1900 he has been Land Commissioner of Maryland; and resides in Salisbury, Md. TOOLEY, CLARENCE PHILLIP, mer- chant, legislator, was, born Aug. 31. 187=*, in Evanston, Wyo. He was educated in the public and private schools of Bald- winsville, ,N. Y., He is now a successiful merchant of Two Dot. Montana; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his city, county and state. Ho was a Representative in the Eighth General Assembly of the Montana State Legislature; and was a member on several important committees. He Is now a member of the Montana State Senate for Meagher County for the term of 1905-09. TOWN SEND. CHARLES CHAMPLIN, soldier, manufacturer, congressman, was born Nov. 24, 1841, in Allegheny City, Pa. He served two years in the army during the rebellion as a private in com- pany A, ninth regiment Pennsylvania reserve volunteer corps, and afterwards as adjutant of the first Pennsylvania cavalry. He was elected to the fifty- first congress from Pennsylvania as a republican. TURNER, COLUMBUS L., soldier, merchant, manufacturer, state senator, was born Feb. 25, 1842, at County Line, Davie County. N. C. He was educated in the public schools; and graduated from Olin High School and Trinity College, N. C. During the civil war he was lieuten- ant in Company A, thirty-third North Carolina regiment. Until 1894 he was engaged as a merchant and cotton man- ufacturer at Turnersburg and Monbo, N. C. ; and since 1887 has been secretary, treasurer and general business manager of the Monbo Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of cotton yarns, cones and skeins. In 1872-74 he was the represen- tative of Iredell County in the North Carolina State Legislature; and is now a member of the North Carolina State Senate for the term of 1905-07. TURNER, ISAAC W., druggist, legis- lator, jurist, was born April 29, 1854, in Montville, Conn. He received a thorough education; and graduated from the Nor- wich Free Academy. He is a successful druggist and business man of Mount Kis- co, N. Y.; and prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his city. For eight years he was Jus- tice ot the Peace for the Town of Bed- ford; in 1896-1905 was Supervisor of the Town of Bedford; and in 1904 was a can- didate for Representative to the Connec- ticut State Legislature, but failed ot election by a very smaetters of John and Abigail Ad- ams, with Memoir of Mrs. Adams. He died Nov. 21, 1886, in Boston, Mass. ADAMS. CHARLES FRANCIS, JR., soldier, railroad president, author, was born May 27, 1835. in Boston, Mass. He was an officer in the union army during the civil war. and subsequently an experts in railway science and president of the Union Pacific railway. Since resigning that office he has devoted his attention to historical writing, his estimates of men and motives often differing materially from those of other writers in the same field. He is the author of Notes on Rail- way Accidents; Chapters of Erie; Rail- roads; A College Fetich; Massachusetts. Its Historians and Its History; Three Episodes of Massachusetts History: Rich- ard Henry Dana [infra], a Biography; and Life of Charles Francis Adams. ADAMS, CHARLES H., lawyer, manu- facturer, state senator, congressman, was born in 1824, in Coxsackie, N. Y. He stud- ied law and practiced until 1850, when he engaged in manufacturing at Cohoes, N. Y.; and served as trustee and president of the water board in that place before it was made a city. In 1851 he served as aid to the governor. In 1857 he was glected a member of the assembly; was state sen- ator in 1872 and 1873; and was a member of the republican national convention in 1872. For a long time he was president of the National Bank of Cohoes. and was the first mayor of the city. He was elect- ed a representative from New York to the forty-fourth congress. ADAMS, CHARLES KENDALL, edu- cator college president, author, was born Jan. 24. 1835. in Derby, Vt. He received his education in the university of Michi- gan, college d c France, and the uni- ^% . versifies of Leipzig, . ■^ ^^ jjtaji Berlin. Bonn. Mun- j^ jKk ich, Rome and Paris. M-^BB During 1862-67 he ^.*«-' ' joined the New Hampshire confer- ence of the metho- dist episcopal church, and has held pastorates in Rye, Derby. South New- market, North Sa- lem. East Canaan, Winchester, Great Falls, Tilton, New- port, Exeter, and Keene. In 1889 he retired from active service, and is now living in Methuen, Mass. He has been president of the trustees of the confer- ence seminary and female college, and has held various positions of honor. He has rare literary attainments, and his poems have been given a place in Na- tional Poets of America and other stan- dard works. M ADAMS, JONATHAN, civil engineer, was born July 8, 1798. in Taunton, Mass. Many of the important lines in New York and New England were constructed under his supervision, and for fifty years he ranked as one of the most skillful railroad engineers in the country. He died Sept. 6, 1872. ADAMS, JONATHAN EDWARDS, edu- cator, clerg.vman, was born April 29, 1822, in Woolwich, Maine. He graduated from the Phillips academy of Andover, Mass., and from the Hampden academy, Bowdoin college, and the Bangor theological sem- inary. He is a successful clergyman of the congregational church, and during 1876-95 was secretary of the Maine Mis- sionary society. He is an overseer of Bowdoin college, and a trustee of the Bangor seminary and the Maine Mission- ary society. ADAMS, JOSEPH, tobacconist, banker, was born Jan. 5, 1827, in West Cambridge, Mass. In 1854 he commenced the tobacco business, putting up strips and leaf for the English markets. In 1867 he built an additional establishment, at Uniontown, Ky., and is now one of tlie most success- ful and extensive tobacco dealers in the country, ADAMS, J. McGregor, manufacturer, was born March 11, 1834. in Londonderry, N. H. In 1858 he settled in Chicago, repre- senting Morris K. Jesup and Co., the house being subsequently merged into that of Crerar, Adams and Co., which is yet in ex- istence, and of which Mr. Adams is a partner. In this concern and in The Ad- ams and Westlake Co., incorporated in 1874 with a capital of $650,000, of which he is president. The Union Brass Manu- facturing Co.. and kindred concerns, Mr. Adams manufactures the whole range of goods called railroaa supplies, including headlights, lanterns, car trimmings and other specialties in metals, many of them patented articles. ADAMS, JULIUS WALKER, civil en- gineer, author, was born Oct. 18. 1812, in Boston, Mass. He is an engineer of dis- tinction, who has been employed in many important engineering works; and the author of Sewers and Drains for Populous Districts. ADAMS, JULIUS W., soldier, was born in April. 1840. in Westfield, Mass. He was graduated at West Point in 1861, served there as assistant instructor of infantry tactics till June, 1862, was wounded and taken prisoner at Gaines' Mills, promoted captain in August, 1862, and served at Fredericksburg. Chancellorsville, Gettys- burg, where he commanded a regiment, and the second battle of Cold Harbor, where he received wounds that caused his death. He died Nov. 15, 1865, in Brook- lyn, N. Y. ADAMS, LOUISE CATHERINE, the wife of John Quincy Adams, was born Feb. 11. 1775, in London, England. She was the daughter of Joshua Johnson of Maryland, but passed her early years in England and in France. She was married to Mr. Ad- ams July 26, 1797. in London. She was possessed of high in- tellectual qualities: well versed in both French and English literature; translat- was the author of a number of meritorious poems; and was an accomplished musician and vocalist. She died May 14, 1852, and was buried by the side of her husband in the family burying ground at Quincy. Mass. ed from the French ADAMS, MRS. MARY MATHEWS, edu- cator, poet, was born Oct. 23, 1840, in Ire- land; and is the wife of Charles Kendall Adams, president of i" ^«^^ the university of Wisconsin. She came to America in her childhood, and was mainly educated at the Packer institute of Brooklyn, N. Y. For ten years she was engaged in edu- cational work, and s u b s e q uently ac- quired success in lit- erary pursuits. Her verse is largely lyrical, and her themes include romance, heroism, and religion. She is the author of a brochure of poems entitled The Choir Visible; and among her other works The Epithalamium is perhaps the best known. ADAMS, MRS. MARY NEWBURY, the wife of the late Judge Austin Adams, of Dubuque, Iowa, was born Oct. 17, 1837, in Peru, Ind. In 1868 she was urged to speak before a class of girls graduating from the Lombard university of Gales- burg. 111.; and since that time her life has been devoted to the advancement of women. She has been vice-president of the Iowa Suffrage association; trustee of the Humboldt college. Iowa; vice-presi- dent of the association for Advancement of Women for nearly a quarter of a cen- tury; and has lectured extensively before women graduates. ADAMS. MILWARD, theatrical man- ager, was born Jan. 6. 1857, in Lexington. Ky. In 1881 Mr. Adams assumed the sole management of Central music hall, but in 1887 he gave this up for Liie management of the Chicago Auditorium. ADAMS, MOSES S., lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born Oct. 19, 1826, in Rindge, N. H. In 1854 he graduated in law from the university of Albany, and has at- tained prominence as an able and success- ful lawyer. For two terms he was a mem- ber of the Kansas house of representa- tives, during which time he was speaker in that body. President Lincoln appointed him army captain and commissary of subsistence of volunteers during the civil war. He was district attorney of the sixth district of Colorado; and county judge of Fremont county in that state. ADAMS, MYRON, clergyman, author, was born in 1841 in New York. He was a congregational clergyman of Rochester. N. Y.. from 1876 until his death. He was the author of The Creation of the Bible; and The Continuous Creation, an Applica- tion of the Evolutionary Philosophy to the Christian Religion. He died in 1895. ADAMS, NEHEMIAH, clergyman, au- thor, was born Feb. 19, 1806, in Salem. Mass. He was a noted congregational clergyman of Boston, whose most famous work, A South Side View of Slavery, pro- voked much hostile criticism. Among other works by him are Walks to Em- maus: Scriptural Argument for End- less Punishment; Remarks on Unitarian Belief; Life of John Eliot; Agnes and the Little Key; and Evenings with the Doctrines. He died Oct. 6, 1878. ADAMS. NELLIE E., poet, was born July 12, 1864, in Exeter, N. H. She is the author of a volume of poems entitled Blossoms; and a successful writer of both prose and verse for current maga- zines. ADAMS, OSCAR FAY, poet. He is the author of Post-Laureate Idyls, and Other Poems; and is a popular poet and grace- ful writer. HERRIXGSHAWS KNCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 25 ADAMS, PARMENIO, congressman was born in Hartford, Conn. He was a representative In congress from Batavia, N. Y., from 1823 to 1827. ADAMS. ROBERT, geologist, state sena- tor, congressman, was born Feb. 26, 1849, in Philadelpbia, Pa. He graduated at the university of Penn- sylvania in 18 6 9; sttidied and p r a c- ticed law for five years: was a mem- ber of the United States geological survey from 1871 to 1875. and engaged in explorations of the Yellowstone park. He was a member of the state senate of Pennsylvania from 1883 to 1887: graduated in 1884 from the Wharton School of Economy and Finance of the university of Pennsylvania: was appointed United States minister to Brazil April 1, 1889, and resigned June 1, 1890. He was elected to the fifty-third and fifty- fourth congresses and re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican, and served on important committees. ADAMS, ROBERT CHAMBLET, au- thor, was born in 1839 in Massachusetts, and is the son of Nehemiah Adams. He is the author of History of England in Rhyme; History of the United States in Rhyme; On Board the Rocket; Aids to Endeavor: Evolution, a Summary of Evi- dence: Travels in Faith from Tradition to Reason; and Pioneer Pith. ADAMS, ROBERT H., United States senator, was born in 1792 in Rockbridge, Va. He was a senator in congress, from Mississippi, by appointment, from Jan- uary to May, in 1830. He died July 2, 1830, in Natchez. Miss. ADAMS, SAMUEL, statesman. He was acting governor of Arkansas in 1844. ADAMS. SAMUEL, military surgeon, was born in Maine, Dr. Adams distin- guished himself during the civil war by riding along the advanced- line of com- batants, and under the fire of the enemy, dressing the wounds of Gen. Potter, who could not be removed from the spot where he fell, and, but for the action of Sur- geon Adams, would have lost his life. He died Sept. 9, 1867, in Galveston, Texas. ADAMS. SAMUEL, governor of Massa- chusetts, was born Sept. 27, 1722. in Bos- ton. Mass., and was a cousin of President John Adams. He graduated from Har- vard university in 1740; studied for the ministry: received the degree of A.M. in 1743: was one of the first who organized measures of resist- ance to the mother country, and drew up the instructions of the town of Boston against taxation in 1764. He was elected a representative in 1765: was chosen clerk and served in that body for ten years, and. it is said, he sug- gested the congress that assembled at New York in 1765. and the non-importa- tion agreement of 1769. He addressed a public meeting the day after the Boston massacre, and was chairman of the com- mittee to demand the removal of the troops. In 1772 he organized the com- mittee of correspondence, which was first adopted by Massachusetts, and followed by all the provinces; was a signer of the ■ declaration of independence; was one of those who matured the plan of the conti- nental congress, and .was delegate from Massachusetts from 1774 to 1782. He signed the articles of confederation; was a member of the state convention which adonted the federal constitution, and made some amendments to that instru- ment. On the adoption of the state con- stitution, he was made president of the senate; was lieutenant governor of Massachusetts from 1789-94, and governor from 1794-97. So ardent was his patriot- ism, that he was one of the three leaders who were to be exempt from the pardon offered in 1775. As a statesman and or- ator he fills a large place in the annals of the American revolution. He died Oct. 2, 1803, in Boston, Mass. ADAMS. SAMUEL M., clergyman, legis- lator, was born Dec. 10, 1853, in Dallas county, Ala. He was twice elected to the state legislature of Alabama; and was president of the zilabama Farmers' State alliance for six years in succession. For twenty years he has been a missionary baptist clergyman, and is now pastor of the baptist church at Jemison. Ala. ADAMS, SETH, inventor, manufac- turer, was born April 13, 1807, in Roches- ter, N. H. In 1836 he began the manu- facture of the famous power printing presses which had been invented by his brother Isaac. For many years he had charge of the Adams Sugar Refinery, which was then the largest of its kind in the United States. He took an active part in the public affairs of Newton, Mass.. where he died Dec. 7, 1873. He left large bequests of money to Bowdoin col- lege, and other institutions; and a mas- sive monument has been erected to his memory. ADAMS, SILAS, soldier, lawyer, legis- lator, congressman, was born Feb. 9, 1839, in Pulaski county, Ky. He received an education in the public schools of the county, the Kentucky university of Har- rodsburg, and the Transylvania of Lex- ington. In 1867 he entered the law school at Lexington, and received license to prac- tice; served two terms as county attor- ney: served three terms in the legisla- ture: in 1892 was nominated and voted for by the republicans of the state legislature for speaker, and also for United States senator. He entered the union army in 1861 as first lieutenant, first Kentucky volunteer cavalry; was promoted to cap- tain, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel of the regiment, and was mustered out Dec. 31, 1864. In 1892 was elected to the fifty- third congress as a republican. ADAMS. STEPHEN, lawyer, legislator, jurist. United States senator, was a native of Franklin county. Tenn., and was a member of the senate of that state. Re- moving to Mississippi, he took an active part in public affairs; was a member of the state legislature; a representative in congress from 1845 to 1847: was elected judge of the circuit court, and from 1852 to 1857 was a senator in congress from Mississippi. He removed to Tennessee, with the intention of practicing law at Memphis, where he died of smallpox. May 11, 1857. ADAMS, THOMAS, congressman. He was a delegate from Virginia to the con- tinental congress from 1778 to 1780, and signed the articles of confederation. ADAMS, WASHINGTON IRVING, manufacturer, was born March 25, 1832, in New York city. In 1875 he became president of S. Peck and Co., manufac- turers of photographic apparatus; and was for many years vice-president of the Centennial Photograph company. ADAMS, WILLIAM, clergyman, author, was born Jan. 25, 1807, in Colchester, Conn. He was a presbyterian clergyman of prominence in New York city dur- ing 1835-80. He was the author of the Three Gardens: E den, Gethsemane. Paradise: Conversa- icms of Jesus Christ ith Representative I en: In the World. \ot of the World: I hanksgiving. and Memories of the Day and Helps to the Habit. He died Oct. 31, 1880, in Orange Mountain, N. J. ADAMS. WILLIAM, clergyman, theo- logian, author, was born July 3. 1813. in Ireland. He was an episcopal clergyman who was one of the founders of Nasho- tah Theological seminary, Wisconsin, and professor of systematic divinity there from 1841. He was the author of Mercy to Babes: Elements of Christian Science; and New Treatise of Baptismal Regenera- tion. He died in 1897. ADAMS, WILLIAM FORBES, bishop, was born Jan. 2, 1833, in Ireland. He was admitted to the Mississippi bar. He afterward removed to Tennessee, and be- came a candidate for holy orders in 1857. Removing to Mississippi while pursuing his theological course, he was ordained deacon in 1859; priest in 1860. and is now a bishop in the protestant episcopal church in the diocese of Easton. Md. ADAMS. WILLIAM TAYLOR (.Oliver Optic), educator, author, was born July 30, 1822, in Medway, Mass. He was a prolific and popular writer of books for boys, and was for many years a teacher in the Boston public schools. Among his writings are: Army and Navy Series; Young America Abroad Series; Lake Shore Series; and Starry Flag Series. In 1867 he founded the journal known as Our Boys and Girls. He died in 1897. ADAMSON, WILLIAM CHARLES, law- yer jurist, congressman, was born Aug. 13, 1854, in Bowdon, Ga. He spent his youth alternately in working on the farm and in hauling goods and cotton be- tween Atlanta and Bowdon; took the col- legiate course at Bowdon college, gradu- ating with the degree of A. B. in 1874, the degree of A. M. being conferred a few years later by the same institution. He was admitted to the bar October, 1S76, and has lived at Carrollton, Ga., ever since. He was judge of the city court of Carroll- ton from 1885 to 1889, and was attorney for the city of Carrollton for a number of years; was presidential elector in 1892; and had never held nor sought any other office until elected to the fifty-fifth con- gress as a democrat. ADDAMS, WILLIAM, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born in 1776, in Lan- caster county. Pa. He was a member of the state legislature from 1822-24. He was a representative in congress from Pennsylvania from 1825-29; and associate judge of Berks county from 1839-42. He died in the spring of 1858. ADDICKS, GEORGE B., clergyman, col- lege president, was born Sept. 9, 1854. in Hampton. 111. For many years he was professor of German language and litera- ture in the Iowa Wesleyan university of Mt. Pleasant. Iowa; and subsequently be- came president of the Central Wesleyan college and clergyman of the German methodist episcopal church of Warren- ton. Mo. 26 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ADDICKS, JOHN EDWARD, capitalist, was born Nov. 21, 1841, in Philadelphia, Pa. Works for the manufacture of gas were built by him in Jersey City and for The Consumers' Gas Co. of Chicago, and the competition which he engendered led to a union of the gas companies in Chi- cago into the now noted Chicago Gas Trust. In 1884 he organized and became president of The Bay State Gas Co. of Boston, which constructed large works. In 1892 he bought a majority interest in The Brooklyn Gas Co., becoming its presi- dent, and is now largely interested in other gas companies in Brooklyn, N. Y. These operations have brought him large wealth. He has also established a gas making plant in Wilmington, Del. ADDIS, EMMERSON W., journalist, state legislator, was born Oct. 13, 1853, in Litchfield, Conn. He is the editor of The Standard of Brewster, N. Y.; has been postmaster, justice and trustee of Brewster; and in 1895 was elected a member of the New York state assembly. He was re-elected in 1897, and has taken an active part on various committees. ADE, GEORGE, journalist, author, was born in 1866 in Illinois. He is a success- ful Chicago journalist; and the author of Artie, a Story of the Streets and Town. ADEE, ALVEY A., public official, diplo- matist, was born Nov. 27, 1842, in Astoria, N. Y. He was educated by private tutors; studied civil engineering; and was secre- tary of the American legation at Madrid, Spain, from 1870 to 1877. In 1877 he was transferred to the department of state at Washington; in 1S78 became chief of the diplomatic division of that department; and in 1SS2 was appointed third assistant secretary of state. ADEE, DAVID GRAHAM, lawyer, jur- ist, author, was born May 31, 1837, in Chelsea, Mass. He was United States commissioner to Sandwich islands in 1883; during the war he was military secretary on staff duty, and has prac- ticed law in New York ten years. He is the author of the novel No. 19 State Street, and is still largely engaged in lit- erary work. The poems of this great jur- ist have appeared in the leading daily newspapers of America, and in current magazines. ADGATE, ASA, legislator, congress- man. He was a representative in the leg- islature of New York from Clinton county from 1798 to 1799; was a representative in congress from Essex county from 1815 to 1817; and was again a member of the legislature in 1823. ADKINSON, MARY OSBURN, temper- ance reformer, was born July 28, 1843, in Rush county, Ind. She is the wife of the Rev. L. G. Adkinson, the president of the New Orleans university. She took a leading part in the organization of the Woman's Foreign Missionary society of Madison, Ind.; and was four times unan- imously elected its president. She has been superintendent of the Woman's Christian Temperance union in the state of Louisiana; and is also matron in the New Orleans university. ADLER, FELIX, reformer, author, was born Aug. 13, 1851, in Germany. He is an ethical reformer of New York city; and the author of Creed and Deed; and The Moral Instruction of Children. ADLER, GEORG, philologist, author, ■was born in 1821, in Germany. He was a philologist of New York city; and was the author of a valuable German and English dictionary and other educational works. He died Aug. 24, 1868, in New Y'ork city. A DRAIN, GARXETT B., lawyer, con- gressman, was born Dec. 20, 1816, in New York city. He graduated from 'Rutgers college in 1833; studied law, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1837. He was a repre- sentative from New Jersey in the thirty- fifth congress; and was also elected "a member of the thirty-sixth congress. In 1861 he offered the resolution of thanks to Major Robert Anderson for his defense of Fort Sumter. He died Aug. 17, 1878, in New Brunswick. N. J. ADRAIN, ROBERT, mathematician, was born Sept. 30, 1775, in Ireland. He taught school in New Jersey and Penn- sylvania, contributed to scientific jour- nals, and from 1810 to 1813 was professor of natural philosophy and mathematics in Rutgers college; then until 1825 in Col- umbia college; and from 1827 to 1834 was professor of mathematics in the universitv of Pennsylvania. He edited Hutton's Mathematics, published essays on the figure and magnitude of the earth and on gravity, and was editor from 1825 to 1829 of the Mathematical Diary. He died Aug. 10, 1843, in New Brunswick. N. J. ADRAIN, ROBERT, lawyer, state sen- ator, was born Dec. 17, 1853, in New Bruns- wick, N. J. He was elected president of the senate of New Jersey in 1891, and suc- cessively re-elected in 1892 and 1893. He was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Middlesex county in 1890, and continued to hold the position for several years. ADRIAN, JAMES, physician, was born Jan.^ 12, 1829, in St. Lawrence county, N. Y. In 1876 he was a member of the electoral college, and his efforts in sup- port of Tilden and Hendricks established his reputation as a political orator. In 1875 he was a delegate from the American Medical association to tne International Medical congress at Brussels. ADSIT, ALLEN C, soldier, lawyer legislator, was born Feb. 20, 1837, in Rut- land, N. Y. He studied law at Water- town. N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in 1859. He enlisted in the forty-fourth New York volunteers in 1861, and par- ticipated in the principal battles in which the army of the Potomac was engaged. He was a representative in the Michigan state legislature in 1871-72; and now practices his profession in Grand Rapids Mich. ADSIT, NANCY H., art lecturer, was born May 21. 1825, in Palermo. N. Y. She graduated from the Ingham university, and for the past half a century has con- tributed constantly to current literature. Her contribution to the London Art Journal and other leading art publications has made her name well known in art circles; and to her work is due most of the art interest in Wisconsin, as well as in the entire west. AGAR, JOHN GIRARD, lawyer, was born June 3, 1856, in New Orleans, La. He was appointed assistant United States district attorney for the southern dis- trict of New York. He held this office for a year when he resigned and became the senior member of the firm of Agar, Ely and Fulton. The university of Georgetown conferred upon him the de- gree of M. A. AGARD. ISAAC MERRITT. educator, was born Dec. 3, 1854, near Stafford. Conn. He has attained success in educational work; and is now principal of the Rock- ville high school. Conn., and also super- intendent of the east district schools. He received a thorough education at the Amherst college and other institutions, and has had conferred upon him the de- grees of M. A. and Ph. D. AGASSIZ. ALEXANDER, zoologist, au- thor, .was born Dec. 17, 1835, in Neuchatel, Switzerland, and is a son of L. Agassiz. He is a marine zoologist, and came to America with his father, and has dis- tinguished himself in lines of special scientific research. He is the author of Exploration of Lake Titicaca; List of the Echinoderms; and Three Cruises of the Blake. AGASSIZ, ELIZABETH CABOT, na- turalist, was born in 1822. In 1850 she was married to Professor Louis Agassiz. She accompanied her husband on his journey to Brazil in 1865-66; and on the Hassler expedition in 1871-72; and was associated with him in many of his studies and writings. She is the author of A First Lesson in Natural History; Edited Geological Sketches; and also ed- ited Life and Correspondence, of her hus- band, in two volumes. AGASSIZ, JEAN LOUIS RODOLPHE, educator, naturalist, author, was born May 28, 1807, in Switzerland. He was a naturalist of eminence, and the founder of the Museum of Natural History at Cambridge. He was the author of Re- cherches sur les Poissons Fossiles; Lake Superior, Natural History of Fresh Water Pishes of Central Europe; Etudes sur les Glaciers; Systeme Glaciere; Methods of Study in Natural History; Geological Sketches; Structure of Animal Life; and A Journey in Brazil. He died Dec. 14, 1873, in Cambridge. Mass. His grave in Mt. Auburn is marked by a boulder from the glacier of the Aar, and shaded by pine trees brought from Switzerland. AGEN, JAMES HERMAN, soldier, financier, legislator, was born April 29, 1847, in Montpelier, Vt. He was presi- dent of the West Superior Chamber of Commerce in 1890-91; represented his ward as alderman in 1893-94; was presi- dent of the Douglas County Agricultural society and also president of the North- western Wisconsin Fair association in 1895-96. He served two years and nine months in the First New York Dragoons; was in forty-two battles, serving under Gen. Phil. Sheridan; and was wounded in the battle of Winchester in 1864. He was elected to the Wisconsin state assem- bly in 1896. AGNEW, CORNELIUS REA, physician, philanthropist, was born Aug. 8, 1830, in New York city. He founded in 1868 the Brooklyn eye and ear hospital, and in 1869 the Manhattan eye and ear hospital; contributed numerous papers to the cur- rent medical journals, most of which are devoted to diseases of the eye and ear, and he also published brief monographs and a Series of American Clinical Lectures. He died April 18, 1888, in New York city. AGNEW, DANIEL, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 5, 1809, in Trenton, N. J. He re- ceived his education at the Rev. Joseph Stockton academy, and the Western university of Penn- sylvania, both of Pittsburg Pa. In 1829 he was admitted to the bar, and prac- ticed for many years in Pittsburg, Pa. In 1837-38 he was a delegate in conven- tion to amend the constitution of Pennsylvania. Dur- ing 1851-63 he was president judge of the seventh judicial district of Pennsylvania; in 1863-79 was justice of the supreme court of Pennsylvania; and from 1874-79 was chief justice of the supreme court of Pennsylvania. HERRINGSHAW'S KNCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 27 AGNEW, DAVID HAYES, physician, author, was born Nov. 24, 181S, in Lan- caster county. Pa. He was a successful physician and was for a long time pro- fessor of surgery in the university of Pennsylvania. His writings were the outcome of wide experience. His works are: Handbook of Practical Anatomy; Principles and Practice of Surgery: a treatise on Surgical Diseases and Injuries, which has been translated into the Jap- anese language. He died in 1892. AGNUS, FELIX, soldier, journalist, was born July 4, 1S39, in France. In 1864 he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel in the civil war. He is a leading journalist of the south. AHEARN, JOHN F., merchant, state senator, was boi-n April 18, 1853, in New York city. His early life was devoted to mercantile pursuits. In 1882 he was elected to the New Y'ork state assembly; to the state senate in 1889, again in 1891, 1893, and in 1895. AHL, JOHN A., manufacturer, con- gressman, was born in August, 1815, in Strasburg, Pa. He received a good En- glish education; studied medicine with his father and graduated at the Washing- ton Medical college of Baltimore. He abandoned his profession in 1850, and turned his attention to various kinds of manufactures. He was elected a repre- sentative from Pennsylvania to the thirty- fifth congress. AHRENS, MARY A., lawyer, philanthro- pist, was born Dec. 29, 1836, in England. She received her education in the seminary of Galesburg, 111.; and in 1889 graduated from the Chicago Union College of Law. She has been vice-president of the Pro- tective Agency for Women and Children; chairman of the Woman's School Suffrage association of Cook county; and is a member of the Illinois Woman's Press association. AIKEN, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, edu- cator, college president, was born Oct. 30, 1827, in Manchester, Vt. He was graduated at Dartmouth college in 1846 and at Andover Theological seminary iu 1853. From 1859 to 1866 he was professor of Latin at Dartmouth, and from 1866 to 1869 at Princeton college. From 1869 to 1871 he was president of Union col- lege. AIKEN, D. WYATT, soldier, legislator, congressman, was born March 17, 1828, in Winnsboro, S. C. He graduated at the South Carolina college in 1849; taught school for two years; engaged in farm- ing: and served in the confederate army during the war of the rebellion from 1861 until disabled by wounds. He was elected a representative in the state legislature in 1864, and again in 1866. He was a dele- gate to the Democratic national conven- tion of 1876; was elected a representative from South Carolina to the forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, and forty-ninth congresses. AIKEN. JOHN, educator, was born In 1797 in Vermont. He was trustee of the Andover Theological seminary, and for fifteen years one of the board of com- missioners for foreign missions. He died Feb. 11, 1867. AIKENS, AMANDA L, editor, philan- thropist, was born May 12, 1833, in North Adams, Mass. Since 1887 she has been editor of The Woman's World, a special department of The Evening Wisconsin, of Milwaukee, Wis.; of which publica- tion her husband is one of the proprietors. She has been president of the Board of Local Charities and Corrections; was two years president of the Woman's club of Milwaukee, and has filled other positions of honor in various institutions. She was one of the organizers of the First Wom- an's Republican club of Wisconsin; and for nearly twenty years has been identified as ofiicer or director with the Art Science Class, a literary organization for the pur- pose of developing a taste in architec- ture, painting, sculpture and science. AIKENS. ANDREW JACKSON, manu- facturer, journalist, was born Oct. 31, 1830, in Barnard. Vt. In 1856 he was city editor of the Evening Wisconsin; and in 1864 the firm of Cramer, Aikens and Cramer, commenced publication of the patent Insides with advertisements, being the only pioneer house in the busi- ness. AIKIN, WILLIAM, governor of South Carolina, was born in 1806- in Charleston, S. C. He graduated at the South Carolina college in 1825; was a member of the state legislature In 1838, 1840, and 1842; was governor of South Carolina in 1844; and a representative in congress from that state from 1851 to 1857. He was con- sidered one of the most successful rice- planters in his native state, and was one of the leading men of his state who did not take part in the rebellion. He was also noted for his liberality, benevolence, and culture as a scholar. AIKMAN, GRANVILLE P., lawyer, ora- tor, jurist, was born Dec. 27, 1857, in London. Ky. He received the rudiments of his education in the public schools of Kansas, the London seminary, and from private instructors. He has attained suc- cess as an eminent lawyer of Eldorado. Kan.; and was prosecuting attorney of Butler county in 1882. In 1883 he was elected judge of the probate court; and in 1895 received the nomination for cir- cuit judge. He has taken great interest in republican politics, and is well known as a brilliant orator. For several years he was editor of The Eldorado Eagle, and has contributed extensively to current literature. AIKMAN, HUGH, was born July 11, 1790, in Nova Scotia. He was for a num- ber of years president of the New York Marine Bible society, and was also a member of the New Y'ork peace society. He was notable for his earnestness in ad- vocating the principle of peace in the in- tercourse of nations with each other. He died in 1867 in Brooklyn, N. Y. AIKMAN, WILLIAM, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1824 in Italy. He was a Presbyterian clergyman; and the author of The Moral Power of the Sea; Life at Home, or the Family and Its Members; The Altar in the Home; and A Bachelor's Talks about Married Life. AINSLIE, GEORGE, lawyer, legislator, congressman, was born Oct. 30, 1838, near Boonville, Mo. He attended the St. Louis university two years; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1860, and removed to Colorado. In 1862 he settled in that portion of Washington territory which now constitutes the territory of Idaho; served in the territorial legislature, and was president of the council during one session. He was editor of a newspaper from 1869 to 1873; was elected district at- torney in 1874, and re-elected in 1876. He was elected a delegate from Idaho to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses. AINSLIE, HEW, poet, was born in 1792 in Scotland. He was a Scottish poet who emigrated to America in 1822 and lived mainly in Kentucky. He was the author of Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, a prose work with lyrics inter- spersed; and Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems. He died in 1878. AINSWORTH, FRANK BEVERIDGE, reformer, was born Aug. 11, 1841, in Lis- bon, N. Y. In 1870 he was a delegate from the state of Indiana to the international congress on penitentiary and reformatory discipline at Cincinnati, Ohio: and in 1867 he was superintendent of the Indiana House of Refuge. AINSWORTH, JAMES GALVESTON, farmer, merchant, legislator, was born May 26, 1846, in Copiah county. Miss. He is a successful farmer and merchant of Ainsworth, Miss.; and in 1896 was elect- ed a member of the Mississippi state legis- lature, his term expiring in 1900. AINSWORTH. LABAN, clergyman, was born July 19, 1757, in Woodstock. Conn. He graduated from Dartmouth college in 1778, and was ordained pastor of the church at Jaffrey in 1782, where he re- mained until his death, seventy-six years. This is probably the longest pas- torate on record. He died March 17, 1858, in Jaffrey, N. H. AINSWORTH, LUCIEN LESTER, law- yer, state senator, congressman, was born June 21, 1831, in New Woodstock, N. Y. He was educated at the common schools and at the Oneida Conference seminary, New Y'ork: studied law and was admitted to practice in 1854. In 1855 he removed to West Union, Iowa; was a member of the lower house and senate of the state for several years; and was elected a repre- sentative from Iowa to the forty-fourth congress. He entered the union army in 1862 as captain in the sixth regiment Iowa cavalry, and served for three years against the Indians in the northwest. AITKEN, DAVID D., lawyer, congress- man, was born Sept. 5, 1854, in Genesee county, Mich. He started in life as a bookkeeper, then became a teacher, and in 1878 was admitted to the bar. In 1880 he organized the Venus Tent of the Knights of the Maccabees, of which order he was elected supreme commander in 1882, and supreme counselor and great commander in 1892. He is a successful lawyer of Flint, Mich., and served with distinction as a member of the fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses. AITKEN, ROBERT, journalist, author, was born in 1734, in Scotland. He set- tled in Philadelphia in 1769, and published the Pennsylvania Magazine, or American Monthly Museum, in 1775-76, having Hop- kinson and Witherspoon for contributors, and was imprisoned in 1777 for his at- tachment to the cause of independence. He printed the first American Bible in 1782 and is reputed to have been the author of An Inquiry Concerning the Principles of a Commercial System for the United States. He died July, 1802, in Philadelphia, Pa. A.KELEY, HEALY' CADY, lumber mer- chant, was born March 16, 1836, in Stowe, Vt He was educated in the local schools, and began life as a farmer and surveyor, and later became a lawyer. In 1863,, he enlisted in the second Michigan cavalry as a private, and was mustered out in 1865 as adjutant of the regiment. In 1872, he went into the manufacture of lumber in Grand Haven, Mich., and con- tinued therein until removal to Minne- apolis in 1887. He was mayor of Grand Haven two terms, and 1866-81 collector of customs for the district of Michigan. Mr. Akeley is now president of The H. C. Akelev Lumber Co. of Minneapolis, in partnership with Charles H. Hackley and Thomas Hume, of Muskegon, Mich., pres- ident of The Itasca Lumber Co., and presi- dent of The Flour City National bank and The Metropolitan Trust Co. 28 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. AKER, LEONARD, farmer, soldier, leg- islator, was born in 1842 in Ravenna. Ohio. He enlisted as a private in company F. twelfth regiment Indiana volunteer' in- fantry. After serving thirteen months. was mustered out at expiration of service May 27, 1862. He re-enlisted Aug. 1.5. 1862, to serve three years, in company F. one hundredth Indiana volunteers. Com- missioned second lieutenant; promoted to first lieutenant; and then captain, July 28, 1864, which rank he held when mus- tered out at the close of the war. Cap- tain Aker was appointed on the commis- sion to locate the Kansas soldiers' graves. and to erect a monument to the memory of the fallen heroes of the eighth Kansas, on the fields of Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, at the Chattanooga cemetery, in 1895. He served with distinction as a member of the Kansas state legislature in 1897. AKER, WILLIAM W., soldier, lawyer, legislator, was born in Darke county, Ohio. He graduated from the Cincinnati law school and was admitted to the bar in that city in 1872, but shortly after re- moved to Eaton, Ohio. He served in the union army as lieutenant of company H. ninety-third Ohio volunteer infantry, and in 1897 was post commander of Calep Marker post, G. A. R., at New Paris. He was elected to the seventy-first general assembly of the Ohio state legislature as a republican; and was re-elected to the seventy-second general assembly. AKERLY. SAMUEL, physician, author, was born in 1785. He was graduated at Columbia college in 1804. He contributed to medical and scientific periodicals, was active in establishing institutions for deaf mutes and the blind, and published an Essay on the Geology of the Hudson River and Observations on Deafness. He died July 6, 1845. on Slaten Island, N. Y. AKERMAN, AMOS TAPPAN, lawyer, was born 1819 in New Hampshire. He graduated from Dartmouth college in 1842. was admitted to the bar in 1841. and settled in Elberton, Ga., in 1850. He followed his state in secession in 1861, and served the confederate government in the quartermaster's department; but after the war he was a republican and reconstructionist. He was appointed dis- trict attorney for Georgia in 1866 and at- torney-general of the United States in 1870, remaining in that office until 1872. AKERS, BENJAMIN PAUL, sculptor, was born July 16, 1825, in Westbrook, Maine. His best known works are: Peace; Saint Elizabeth of Hungary; Diana and Endymion; Paul and Francesca; Mil- ton; and The Dead Pearl Diver. He died May 21, 1861, in Philadelphia. Pa. AKERS. THOMAS PETER, congress- man. He was elected a representative from Missouri to the thirty-fourth con- gress for the unexpired term of J. G. Mil- ler, and served one session. AKINS, FRANCIS ASAHEL, farmer and secretary State Grange, was born Jan. 2, 1849, in Mayfield, Ohio. He graduated from the Baldwin university of Berea, Ohio. He was president of the state asso- ciation of Mutual Fire Insurance associa- tions; in 1890 was elected secretary of the Ohio State Grange Patrons of Hus- bandry, and received the re-election for four successive terms. ' ALBAUGH, JOHN W., actor, was born Sept. 30,1837. in Baltimore. Md. In 1875 he gained popularity in the play Louis XI: and since that time has been manager of the Holiday Street theater, and the lessee of the popular Albaugh Grand Opera House of Washington. D. C. He is also the possessor of the most varied and ex- tensive dramatic library in America. ALBEE. JOHN, author, poet, was born in 1833. in Bellingham. Mass. He grad- uated from Phillip academy of Andover. Mass., and the Har- vard university. For many years he was a successful clergy- man. He has writ- ten extensively and published the fol- lowing boOttS; Lit- erary Art; An In- dian Idyl; History of New Castle. N. H.; and Prose Idyls. He has been a constant contrib- utor to the leading magazines and period- icals of America, and his poems have been given prominence in standard publi- cations. ALBERGER, FRANKLIN AUGUSTUS, business man, was born Jan. 14, 1825, in Baltimore, Md. He was appointed canal commissioner in 1862, serving six years; was elected to the assembly in 1871, and re-elected for the three following terms. With the close of his assembly term he retired from public life and devoted him- self to private business. He died Aug 24, 1877. ALBERT, JOHN S., engineer, was born in 1835. He entered the navy in 1855 from New York, and was appointed chief engineer in 1861, in which capacity he served during the war with credit. He died July 3, 1880, in Philadelphia, Pa. ALBERT, WILLIAM J., merchant, con- gressman, was born Aug. 4, 1816, at Bal- timore, Md. He was educated at St. Mary's college; was a merchant; retired from business in 1856, and was a presi- dential elector in 1S64. He was subse- quently interested in banking and manu- factures, and was elected to the forty- third congress as a republican. ALBERTSON, NATHANIEL, congress- man, was born in Virginia. He wa.s elected a representative in congress from the first congressional district of Indiana from 1849 to 1851. ALBRIGHT. ANDREW, inventor, was born June 23, 1831, in Dryden. N. Y. He is the inventor of rubber bound and set brushes, which his firm, the Rubber and Celluloid Harness Trimmings Company, manufacture; and also of a great part of the machinery used in manufacturing his inventions. ALBRIGHT, CHARLES, lawyer, sol- dier, congressman, was born Dec. 13. 1830, in Berks county. Pa. He was edu- cated at Dickinson college; studied law and came to the bar in 1852. In 1854 he visited Kansas, and in 1856 returned to Pennsylvania; i n 1860 was a delegate to the republican na- tional convention; entered the army in 1862; was commis- sioned colonel, com- manding the third brigade at Chancellorsville. and was placed in command at Camp Muhlenburg. Pa., to organize troops. In July he was sent to Philadelphia to assist in the draft; in September. 1864, was assigned to an independent command to protect rail- roads and the outer defenses of Washing- ton, and in March, 1865. was promoted to brevet brigadier-general of volunteers. After the war he was sent to the com- mand of the Lehigh military district to pacify tumults in the mining regions; in I860 was mustered out of service, and in 1872 was a delegate to the republican national convention at Philadelphia. He was elected to the forty-third congress. ALBRIGHT. CHARLES J., congress- man, was born in Pennsylvania. He was elected from the state of Ohio as a repre- sentative to the thirty-fourth congress. ALBRIGHT, ELIZA DOWNING, edu- cator, temperance worker, was born March 13, 1847, in Philadelphia, Pa. After her marriage in 1867 to the Rev. Louis M. Albright, she was engaged in teaching mathematics and natural sciences in the Ohio Wesleyan female college; and has also filled the chair of mathematics in the Depauw female college, of which institu- tion her husband was president. Since 1877 she has been identified with the Ohio Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Woman's Foreign Missionary so- ciety, and has filled numerous positions of honor as secretary, chairman and speaker. ALBRIGHT, JACOB, clergyman, was born May 1, 1759, in Pottstown, Pa. Be- ginning a religious life in 1790, and being successful as an exhorter, he soon be- came a methodist minister. He made many converts, almost exclusively Ger- mans, and in 1800 a separate church or- ganization was created for them. Albright being their first presiding elder. He was appointed bishop in 1807. His denomina- tion is now known as the evangelical as- sociation, but in many places its adher- ents are named Albrights. He died in 1808. ALBROOK. J. B., educator, clergyman, was born July 18, 1844, in Monroe. Pa. In 1870 he graduated from the Cornell col- lege, Iowa. In 1863 he was first lieuten- ant in Milo guards; in 1874 was chaplain of the Iowa Independent Order Good Tem- plars; in 1892 was department chaplain of the Iowa Grand Army of the Republic. In 1896 he was a delegate to the general conference of the methodist episcopal church; and is now pastor of one of the largest and best churches in Iowa meth- odism. ALBUOY, WILLIAM A. H., clergyman, was born July 19, 1861, in Bermuda, West Indies. In 1SS8 he graduated from the Lincoln university, Virginia, and pursued his theological studies in the same institu- tion. In 1891 he was ordained a presby- terian clergyman. He has organized four churches in Charlotte county, Va.; and in 1897 became moderator of the presbytery of southern Virginia. ALCORN, JAMES LUSK, lawyer, gen- eral, governor of Mississippi, United States senator, was born Nov. 4, 1816, near Golconda, 111. He settled in Ken- tucky: was educated at Cumberland col- lege: was appointed deputy sheriff of Liv- ingston county, and held the oflice for five years. In 1843 he was elected to the leg- islature; removed in 1844 to Mississippi: entered upon the practice of law. and served sixteen years in the legislature of that state in the house and senate. In 1852 he was chosen elector, and was nomi- nated for governor in 1857, but declined. He was founder of the levee system in his state, and in 1858 was chosen president of the levee board of the Mississippi- Yazoo delta. He was elected to the state convention of 1851, and again to that of 1861, the latter body electing him a briga- dier-general. In 1865 he was elected to the senate of the United States, but not allowed to take his seat. In 1869 he was elected governor of Mississippi, and was elected to the senate of the United States in 1871 for six years. HERRIXGSHAWS PJNCYCLOPEDIA OK AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 29 ALCOTT. AMOS BRONSON, educator, lecturer, author, was born Nov. 29, 1799, in Wolcott. Conn. He was a philosopher of a singularl.v unpractical type, whose personality was of greater interest than his writings. He was the author of Con- versations with Children on the Gospels; Table Talk, Emerson; Essays; Tablets, Concord Days. Sonnets, and Canzonets; and New Connecticut, a poem. He died March 4, 1S88. in Boston. Mass. He was the father of Louisa May Alcott. ALCOTT, LOUISA MAY, author, was born Nov. 29. 1S32. in Germantown, Pa. She was a writer whose books for young people have been widely popular. She served as a hospital nurse in Washing- ton in 1862-63. She was the author of Little Women; Little Men; An Old-Fash- ioned Girl; Eight Cousins; Under the Lilacs; Moods; Hospital Sketches, and A Modern Mephistopheles. The thoughtful poem, Thoreau's Flute, is her finest effort. She died March 6, 1888, in Boston. Mass. ALCOTT, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, re- former, author, was born Aug. 6, 1798, in Wolcott, Conn. He was an energetic, earnest writer upon diet reform, and the author of The House I Live In; Vegetable Diet; and Library of Health. He died March 29, 1859, in Auburndale, Mass. ALDEN, CYNTHIA M. WESTOVER. educator, journalist, was born Maj- 31. 1862, in Afton, Iowa She is a graduate of the Colorado state university and the Denver business college. She has been a teacher of geology, bookkeeping and vocal music, and as a soprano soloist she sang for several years in the New York church choirs. In 1887 she became inspector of customs of the United States government in New York City, making some of the most important seizures in the service. For many years she was engaged in the state museum of natural history, in the geological department and the cata- loguing of gems. etc.. which was to her more a work of pleasure than labor. She resigned her position in the museum to devote herself entirely to journalistic work; for several years was editor of the woman's department of the New York Recorder; and is now the editor of the woman's department of the New York Tribune. ALDEN. EBENEZER. physician, au- thor, was born March 17, 1788, in Ran- dolph, Mass. He was of the seventh gen- eration from John Alden of Mayflower memory, and was graduaied at Harvard in 1808. He studied medicine at Dartmouth and at the university of Pennsylvania, and followed' his profession throughout his life in his native town. He published Historical Sketches of the Massachusetts Medical Society; Memoirs of Mrs. M. A. 0. Clark, and the Alden Memorial (Boston, 1S67). He died Jan. 26, 1881, in Ran- dolph, Mass. ALDEN, EMILY GILLMORE, edu- cator, poet, was born Jan. 21, 1834, in Bos- ton, Mass. She has taught in Castleton, Vt.. and now has charge of the depart- ments of history, rhetoric and English literature in the Monticello seminary of Godfrey, 111. She is the author of numer- ous meritorious poems, and has contrib- uted extensively to current literature. ALDEN, GEORGE ADELBERT, mer- chant, was born April 7, 1830, in Hope, Maine. He started a brokerage business in drugs and crude rubber, adopting the firm name of George A. Alden and Co. In 1878 his oldest son, Adelbert Henry Alden, then just of age, came into the concern as a partner. The firm now enjoy a large business in importing rubber, and have gradually come to deal in various other foreign products. ALDEN, HENRY MILLS, journalist, author, poet, was born Nov. 11, 1836, in Mount Tabor, Vt. He received a college education, and in 1869 he became man- aging editor of Harper's Magazine. He is the author of the poem. The Ancient Lady of Sorrow; and, jointly with A. H. Guernsey, Harper's Pictorial History of the Great Rebellion, Mr. Guernsey writ- ing the eastern campaigns and Mr. Alden the western. He is also the author of God in His World, and A Study of Death. ALDLN, HIRAM, legislator, philan- thropist, was born in October, 1792, in Ashfield. Mass. He was a representative from Branch county in 183.T in the Michi- gan state legislattire, and was of the sev- enth generation from John Alden, of Mayflower fame. In 1838 he was ap- pointed commissioner of internal im- provements of Michigan, and was acting railroad commissioner at the time of the construction of the railroad from Detroit to Pontiac. He died Nov. 26, 1838, in Detroit, Mich., and was followed to his grave by six hundred officials and labor- ers, who insisted on paying the expenses as their tribute to a friend and an honest man. ALDEN, ICHABOD, soldier, was born Aug. 11. 1739, in Duxbury, Mass. He was a great-grandson of John Alden of the original Plymouth colony. Before the revolution he was lieutenant-colonel of the Plymouth regiment, and he held the same rank in Baldwin's regiment at the siege of Boston. Subsequently he was promoted to the colonelcy of the 7th Mas- sachusetts regiment. He was killed by Indians at Cherry Valley, N. Y. He died Nov. 10. 1778. ALDEN, ISABELLA MACDONALD, au- thor, was born Nov. 3, 1841, in Rochester, N. Y. In 1866 she was married to the Rev. G. R. Alden, and resides in Wash- ington, D. C. Her books are peculiarly adapted to the use of the youth of this country; and most of them have been adopted in Sunday school libraries throughout the United States. She is au- thor of a popular juvenile series called Pansy Books, embracing nearly sixty titles, most of which are adapted to the use of Sunday school libraries. Mrs. Al- den has from the beginning been identi- fied with the Chautauqua system of in- struction, and also edits Pansy, a juvenile publication. ALDEN, JAMES, naval officer, was born March 31, 1810, in Portland, Maine. He was appointed midshipman in 1828, and in that capacity accompanied the Wilkes exploring expedition around the world in 1838-42. He was commissioned commodore in 1866, and two years later was placed in charge of the navy yard at Mare Island, Cal. He died Feb. 6, 1877, in San Francisco, Cal. ALDEN. JOHN, magistrate of the Ply- mouth colony, was born in 1599 in Eng- land. He was hired as a cooper at South- ampton, where the Mayflower was un- dergoing repairs, and signed the compact in her cabin in 1620. He married Pris- cilla Mullens in 1621, and the incident of his courtship has been made the subject of one of Longfellow's longer poems. He died Sept. 12, 1687, in Duxbury, Mass. ALDEN, JOSEPH, educator, author, was born Jan. 4, 1807, in Cairo, N. Y. He was an industrious contributor to educa- tional and Sunday-school literature. He was for many years president of the nor- mal school at Albany; and was the author of Example of Washington; Citizen's Manual; Christian Ethics; The Science of Government; Studies in Bryant, and other works. He died Aug. 30, 1885, in New York. ALDEN, ROGER, soldier, was born Feb. 11, 1754, in Lebanon, Conn. He was graduated at Yale in 1773, and served in the revolutionary war as aide to General Greene. Subsequently he became agent of the Holland Land company, and re- sided at Meadville. Pa., from 1795 to 1825. He was appointed ordnance storekeeper at West Point in 1825, and remained as such until his death. He was a great-grandson of John Alden. He died Nov. 5. 1836, in West Point, N. Y. ALDEN, TIMOTHY, clergyman, college president, author, was born Aug. 28, 1771, in Yarmouth, Mass. He studied at Har- vard, distinguishing himself by his knowl- edge of oriental languages, and was grad- uated in 1774. From 1799 to 1805 he was pastor to the congregational church in Portsmouth, N. H., where from 1800 to 1808 he taught school. Subsequently he conducted schools for young ladies in Boston, Newark. Cincinnati, and East Liberty, Pa. In 1817 he founded Alle- ghany college, Meadville, Pa., and be- came its first president, retiring in 1831. He published a collection of epitaphs and inscriptions in five volumes entitled: An Account of Sundry Missions Among the Senecas, and other works, and prepared a valuable catalogue of the library of the New York historical society. He died July 5, 1839, in Pittsburg, Pa. ALDEN, TIMOTHY, inventor of a ma- chine for setting and distributing type. was born in 1819 in Barnstable, Mass. He was sixth in descent from John Alden, the Mayflower Pilgrim. When very young and a compositor in his brother's print- ing office he said; If I live I will invent a machine to do this tiresome work. He steadily pursued this object, and after twenty years' labor accomplished It. Ic was improved after his death by Henry W. Alden. He died Dec. 4, 1858, in New York. ALDEN, WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, au- thor, was born Oct. 9, 1837, in Williams- town. Mass. He was a humorous writer who has for some time resided in Lon- don. He was the author of A New Rob- inson Crusoe; Domestic Explosions; Shooting Stars; Moral Pirates; Cruise of the Canoe Club; and Lite of Christopher Columbus. ALDERSON, JOHN DUFFY, lawyer, congressman, was born Nov. 29, 1854, at Nicholas Court-House, W. Va. He re- ceived a common-school education; studied law and was admitted to the bar when twenty-one years of age. He was appointed prosecuting attorney in each of the counties of Nicholas and Webster, to fill vacancies occasioned by the death of his father, Hon. Joseph A. Alderson; and in 1876 was elected prosecuting attorney for these counties, and was twice re- elected, serving until Jan. 1, 1889. He was elected to the fifty-first and fifty- second congresses, and re-elected to the fifty-third congress as a democrat. ALDRICH. ANNE REEVE, poet, novel- ist, was born April 25, 1866, In New Y'ork City. Her poems have constantly ap- peared in Lippincott's Magazine, The Century, and various other periodicals. She is the author of the Rose of Flame and Other Poems of Love; Songs About Life, Love and Death; and a novel enti- tled The Feet of Love. She died in 18^2. ALDRICH, CHARLES, journalist, was born Oct. 2, 1828, in Ellington, N. Y. He spent one year in .lamestown academy. In 1857 he went to Iowa and established the Freeman in Webster City. He served as a member of the Iowa house of repre- sentatives in 1882-83. Mr. Aldrich is the author of many of the important laws of Iowa. 30 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ALDRICH, CYRUS, contractor, public official, congressman, was born in June, 1808, in Smithfield, R. I. He received a common-school education; followed the various occupations of a sailor, a boat- man, a farmer, a contractor on public works, and a mail contractor; was a mem- ber of the Illinois legislature, and also a register of deeds and register of the land office at Dixon, in that state, for four years. Having removed to Minnesota, he was a member of the constitutional con- vention of that state and member of the county board of Hennepin county, in that state. He was elected a representative from Minnesota to the thirty-sixth and thirty-seventh congresses. After leaving congress he was appointed commissioner to settle claims against the Sioux Indians. In 1867 he was appointed postmaster at Minneapolis, Minn. ALDRICH, EMMA B., educator, jour- nalist, author, was born April 4, 1845, in Cape May county, N. J. In 1864 she grad- uated from the state normal school of Trenton, N. J.; and subsequently attained success in educational work. She was married in 18C6 to Mr. Levi L. Aldrich; and in connection with her husband pub- lished the Public Record of Cawker City, Kan. She was one of the organizers of the national woman's relief corps, one of the founders of the woman's Hesperian library club, and the founder of the Kan- sas woman's press association. ALDRICH, FLORA L., physician, sur- geon, was born Oct. 6, 1859, in Westford, N. Y. In 1883 she was married to Dr. A. G. Aldrich, of Adams, Mass. In 1877 she graduated from the medical depart- ment of the Minnesota state university, and has since taken post-graduate courses In the best schools in America and Eu- rope. She has attained eminence as a successful physician and surgeon of Anoka, Minn.; is at the head of several literary and scientific organizations; and contributed extensively to current litera- ture. ALDRICH, FRANCIS FREDERICK, lawyer, author, was born Feb. 26, 1845, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was graduated at the law department of the university of Pennsylvania in 1866. He has published A Digest of the Laws and Ordinances of the City of Philadelphia, and A Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania from 1883 to 1887. ALDRICH, J. FRANK, civil engineer, business man, congressman, was born April 6, 1853, in Two Rivers, Wis.; re- moved to Chicago in April, 1861; attended public schools and Chicago university, and graduated at the Rensselaer polytech- nic institute, Troy, N. Y., in 1877, with degree of civil engineer. He engaged in the manufacture of linseed oil and sub- sequently in the gas business. He has been a member of the Cook county board of commissioners, and was president of that body during the reform period in 1887; was also a member of the county board of education and chairman of the committee of citizens of Chicago ap- pointed from the various clubs and com- mercial organizations to inaugurate and further the drainage act; and served as commissioner of public works of Chicago from 1891 to 1893. He was elected to the fifty-third and re-elected to the fifty- fourth congress as a republican. ALDRICH, JAMES, journalist, poet, was born in 1810 in Suffolk, N. Y. He was a litterateur of New York, and estab- lished The Literary Gazette in 1840, in which a number of his verses appeared. His poems were privately printed by his daughter in 1884. He died in October, 1856. ALDRICH, JAMES, legislator, jurist, was born July 25, 1850, in Barnwell, S. C, and is the son of James Thomas Aldrich. In 1872 he graduated from the Washing- ton and Lee university of Lexington, Va. He was a member of the South Carolina legislature from 1878 to 1889, missing one term only through sickness. In 1889 he was elected circuit judge of the second circuit of South Carolina; he was re- elected in 1893, and is now the presiding judge. He has always taken an interest in educational matters, and has done considerable literary work, and has pub- lished numerous addresses, essays and ar- ticles on various topics. ALDRICH, JAMES THOMAS, lawyer, author, was born in 1819, in Charleston, S. C. He refused every political position tendered him except as an officer in the service of the confederacy. In 1842 he was admitted to practice law, and soon became one of the leaders of the South Carolina bar, especially in the courts of equity. Mr. Aldrich, like many of his name, was the author of a number of poems and literary articles that have been a valuable acquisition to current literature. He died in 1875, at his resi- dence in Barnwell C. H., S. C. ALDRICH, JOSEPHINE CABLES, phi- lanthropist, author, was born in Connec- ticut. In 1882 she founded The Occult World, a publication devoted to advanced thought and reform work. She is vice- president of the woman's national indus- trial league; vice-president of the woman's national liberal union; and one of the founders of the woman's national university and school of useful and orna- mental arts; and resides in Aldrich, Ala. ALDRICH, JULIA CARTER, author, poet, was born Jan. 28, 1834, in Liverpool, Ohio. For awhile she was engaged in educational work in her native town; and subsequently contributed to period- ical literature under the pen name of Petresia Peters. She has written exten- sively on reformatory measures in the interest of humanity; and is also the au- thor of a volume of poems. ALDRICH, LEANDER JEFFERSON, clergyman, educator, college president, was born May 21, 1851, in Conklingville, N. Y. In 1880 he graduated from Oberlin college; and from the theological seminary in 1885. He has filled pas- torates in Dover. Ohio, and in Merom, Ind. In 1886 he be- came president of the Union christian college of Merom, where he also fills the chair of rhetoric and" botany, and also that of christian ethics. He has traveled extensively in foreign countries as a special student of ancient history and literature. He is also pastor of the college church. ALDRICH, LEVI, physician, state sena- tor, was born Jan. 27, 1820, in Erie county, N. Y. He received an academical educa- tion, studied medicine at the Albany med- ical college and Buffalo medical univer- sity, and practiced medicine successfully in Erie county and at Edwardsburg. He was representative in the Michigan state legislature from Cass county in 1863-4; senator in 1865, and a member of the con- stitutional convention in 1867. ALDRICH, MARY JANE, temperance reformer, lecturer, was born March 19, 1833, in Sidney Plains, N. Y. She has been president of the woman's christian temperance union of Iowa, of which she is now corresponding secretary; has lec- tured extensively, and was a member of the national convention of 1890, .held in Cleveland, Ohio. ALDRICH, NELSON WILMARTH, merchant. United States senator, was born Nov. 6, 1841, in Foster, R. I. He received an academic education; engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was president of the common council of Providence, R. I., in 1872 and 1873. He was a mem- ber of the state house of representatives in 1875 and 1876, serving as speaker dur- ing the latter year. He was elected a rep- resentative from Rhode Island to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses, and resigned in 1881 to take his seat as a senator of the United States from Rhode Island for the term of six years from March 4, 1881, and received the re-elec- tion in 1886 and in 1893. ALDRICH, ORLANDO W., lawyer, was born March 30. 1840, in Clarence, N. Y. He filled the chair of law in the Illinois Wesleyan university; was professor of law in the Ohio state university; presi- dent of the Ohio society of war of 1812, and judge advocate department of Ohio, Grand Army of the Republic. ALDRICH, SAMUEL N., lawyer, finan- cier, was born Feb. 3, 1838, in Upton, Mass. He is a graduate of the Worcester academy and the Brown university, and has attained success as a noted lawyer. He has been president of the central Mas- sachusetts railway company; was assist- ant treasurer of the United States at Bos- ton under President Cleveland's first ad- ministration, and since 1890 has been president of the State National bank of Boston, Mass. ALDRICH, THOMAS BAILEY, author, poet, was born Nov. 11, 1836, in Ports- mouth, N. H. He is a poet and novelist whose work in both verse and prose is distinguished for grace of expression and delicacy of execution. His early youth was spent in Louisiana. At the death of his father he entered the counting-house of his uncle in New York city. He occu- pied editorial positions for ten years on various papers; and in 1881 succeeded William D. Howells as editor of the At- lantic Monthly, which position he re- signed nine years later to devote his en- tire timje to personal literary work and travel. He is the author of the following poetical works: The Bells; Ballad of Baby Bell; Pampinea; Flower and Thorn; Cloth of Gold; Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book; XXXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets; The Sisters' Tragedy; Wyndham Towers; Unguarded Gates; Mercedes and Later Lyrics; Judith and Holofernes. His prose works are: Prudence Palfrey; The Queen of Sheba; The Stillwater Tragedy; Marjorie Daw and Other Stories; Two Bites at a Cherry, with Other Tales; The Story of a Bad Boy; An Old Town by the Sea: a description of Portsmouth, the au- thor's birthplace; From Ponkapog to Pesth; and Travel Sketches. ALDRICH, TRUMAN H., civil engineer, railroad president, congressman, was born Oct. 17, 1848, in Palmyra, N. Y. He was educated in the public school at that place, at the military academy in West Chester, Pa., and was graduated from the Rensselaer polytechnic institute of Troy, N. Y., as a mining engineer in class of 1869. After practicing his profession in New York and New Jersey removed to Selma, Ala., in winter of 1871-72; was in the banking business there for two years and then made coal mining a business. HBRRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 31 ALDRICH, WILLIAM, merchant, leg- islator, congressman, was born Jan. 20, 1820, in Greenfield, N. Y. He was reared on a farm; received a good education; taught school for a time; in 1846 engaged in mercantile pursuits, and in 1851 re- moved to Wisconsin and engaged in mer- chandising and manufacturing. He was superintendent of schools for three years; was chairman of the board of supervisors one year, and was a member of the Wis- consin house of representatives in 1859. In 1860 he removed to Chicago, 111., and engaged in the wholesale grocery busi- ness. He was a member of the board of aldermen in 1876, and was elected a rep- resentative from Illinois to the forty- fifth, forty-sixth and forty-seventh con- gresses. He died Dec. 3, 1885, in Fond du Lac, Wis. ALDRICH. WILLIAM DUANE, civil engineer, state senator, was born Dec. 29, 1833, in Smithfield, R. I. He has held va- rious town oflSces, having been for some seventeen years a member of the town councils of Smithfield and Lincoln. He was a representative in 1869-70, 1892-95, and senator since May, 1895. ALDRICH, WILLIAM F., civil engineer, congressman, was born March 11, 1853, at Palmyra, N. Y. He was educated at the public school of his native village until 1865, when he re- moved with his father to New York city, in which city and vicinity he at- tended several schools, and was graduated from War- ren's military acad- emy at Poughkeep- sie. taking a course in civil engineering; removed to Alabama in 1874, and engaged in mining and manufacturing, and built up the town that now bears his name. The only political office he ever held was that of postmaster of his town: was elected to the fifty-fourth congress by the combined vote of the republicans and populists of the fourth district, against Gaston A. Robbins. democrat. The lat- ter received the certificate of election from the governor on the face of the re- turns. Mr. Aldrich instituted a contest, and was seated by the house on Friday, March 13, 1895. In November, 1896, he was again elected to congress, but was again forced to contest for his seat. ALDRICH, WILLIAM W., stockman, banker, was born Sept. 13, 1826, in Dela- ware, Ohio. He has been president of the Farmers' and Citizens' bank of Nick- erson, Kan., and other institutions. He is now a successful stockman; proprietor of the Border Lawn stock farm of Tipton, Iowa, and the president of the First Na- tional bank of that city. ALDRIDGE, GEORGE WASHINGTON, contractor, was born Dec. 28, 1856, in Michigan City, Ind. He has attained a wide reputation and prominence as a builder and contractor. He remodeled the Academy of Music, Wilder's arcade, and several private residences of promi- nence and architectural beauty. ALEXANDER, ABRAHAM, statesman, was born in 1718 in North Carolina. He represented Mecklenburg county in the colonial legislature prior to 1775. ALEXANDER, ADAM R., congressman, was born in Washington county, Va. He was elected a representative in congress from Madison county, Tenn., from 1823 to 1827. ALEXANDER, ARCHER, freedman, was born about ISIO, near Richmond, Va. He was a slave, and fled to St. Louis, then under martial law, in 1863, and was formally liberated the same year. He served as the model for the freedman in the bronze group by Thomas Ball, stand- ing in the capitol grounds in Washington, and known as Freedom's Memorial. He died Dec. 8, 1879, in St. Louis, Mo. ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD, educator, clergyman, author, was born April 17, 1772, in Rockbridge county, Va. He was a Presbyterian clergyman who was pro- fessor at Princeton theological seminary 1812-51. Evidences of Christianity; The Canon of Scripture; Moral Science; Bible Dictionary are some of his many works. He died Oct. 22, 1851, in Princeton, N. J. ALEXANDER, ARMSTEAD M., lawyer, congressman, was born May 26, 1834, in Clark county, Ky. He removed to Mis- souri and settled at Paris; studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1860 and en- gaged in practice. He was prosecuting attorney of Monroe county for six years; was a delegate to the state constitutional convention of 1875, and was elected a rep- resentative from Missouri to the forty- eighth congress. ALEXANDER, BARTON STONE, civil engineer, general, was born in 1819 in Kentucky. He was brevetted brigadier- general March 13, 1865, for meritorious services in the rebellion. He has been much engaged in the construction and re- pairs of forts and in the erection of Ml- not's Ledge lighthouse, 1855-61. He was consulting engineer in Sheridan's army, Shenandoah Valley. Va., and present at the battle of Cedar Creek, Oct. 9, 1864. ALEXANDER, CALEB, educator, cler- gyman, author, was born July 22, 1775, in Northfleld, Mass. He was a clergyman much of whose life was spent in teaching at Onondaga, N. Y. He published Latin and English grammars; Essay on the Deity of Christ; The Columbian Diction- ary; Grammar Elements, and a literal prose version of Virgil. He died April 12, 1828, in Onondaga, N. Y. ALEXANDER, CHARLES, journalist, poet, was born March 7, 1867, in Natchez. Miss. For many years he was connected with the Boston Daily Standard and The American Citizen; and in 1894 he estab- lished The Monthly Review of Philadel- phia, Pa., of which he is still editor and owner. He has contributed poems, short stories and sketches to several leading publications. ALEXANDER, CHARLTON HENRY, lawyer, author, was born Nov. 12, 1858, in Kosciusko, Miss. He graduated in lit- erature and law from the university of Mississippi, and has attained prominence as an able lawyer of Jackson, Miss. He has been reporter of the supreme court of Mississippi, and, in conjunction with Mr. L. Brame, his law partner, is the author of a Mississippi Digest. ALEXANDER, DE ALVA STAN- WOOD, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born July 17, 1846, in Richmond, Maine. At the age of fifteen he entered the army, serving three years, and until the close of the war, as a private soldier; upon leaving the service prepared for college at Edward Little institute, in Au- burn, Maine, and took his bachelor's de- gree from Bowdoin college in 1870; after- ward located at Indianapolis, Ind., where he studied law and practiced in partner- ship with Hon. Stanton J. Peelle, now judge of the court of claims in Washing- ton. In 1881 was appointed fifth auditor of the treasury department, and during his residence in Washington was elected and served one term as commander of the department of the Potomac, Grand Army of the Republic. On leaving Washington, removed to Buffalo, forming a law part- nership with his college classmate, Hon. James A. Roberts, at present comptroller of the state of New York. In 1889 was ap- pointed United States attorney for the northern district of New York, holding the office until December, 1893. He was elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican. ALEXANDER, EDMUND BROOKE, general, was born Oct. 2, 1802, in Hay Market, Va. He was graduated at the United States military academy in 1823. After twenty years of frontier and garri- son duty he had an opportunity for serv- ice in Mexico, where he won a major's brevet in 1847 and a lieutenant-colonel's in 1847. During the civil war he was re- tained at St. Louis on provost-marshal's duty, involving delicate and responsible administration of important matters. He was brevetted brigadier-general in 1865, and commanded his regiment at Fort Snelling till retirement, in 1869, by op- eration of law. He died Jan. 3, 1888, in Washington, D. C. ALEXANDER, EDWARD PORTER, soldier, educator, author, was born May 26, 1835, in Washington, Ga. He grad- uated from West Point academy in 1857, and was promoted second lieutenant corps of engineers, and served in the United States army in the Utah expedi- tion in 1858. He was instructor in engi- neering at West Point in 1859-60; and Vas professor in mathematics and en- gineering in the South Carolina univer- sity in 1866-69. He served with distinc- tion in the confederate servite, and until 1892 held numerous and important rail- road positions in the southern states. He is the author of Railroad Practice and various pamphlets and articles on rail- road and other topics. ALEXANDER, EVAN, congressman, was born in North Carolina. He grad- uated from Princeton college in 1787; was a member of the legislature for two years, and was a representative in con- gress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1809. He died Oct. 28, 1809. ALEXANDER, FRANCIS, artist, was born in 1800 in Connecticut. When eight- een years of age he began painting in water-color without an instructor. About 1820 he went to New York and prosecuted his art studies, as a pupil of Alexander Robertson. He worked for a few months in Providence, R. I., and subsequently opened a studio in Boston, where he gained great popularity as a portrait painter. He went to Europe in 1831, finally taking up his residence in Flor- ence, Italy. ALEXANDER, GROSS, educator, cler- gyman, was born June 1, 1852, in Scotts- ville, Ky. He received his education at the university at Louisville; the Drew theological seminary; and the southern baptist theological seminary. He is one of the foremost divines of the south; has been professor of Latin and Greek in the Warren college, Ky. ; and is now pro- fessor of the New Testament, Greek and Exegesis in the Vanderbilt university of Nashville, Tenn. ALEXANDER, HENRY P., merchant, congressman, was born in New York in 1802. He engaged in commerce; was a representative in congress from Herki- mer county, in that state, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the committee on expenditures in the state department. He died Feb. 22, 1867, in Little Falls, N. Y. 32 HERRTXGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OP" AMERICAX BIOGRAPHY. ALEXANDER. ISAAC J., educator, lecturer, poet, was born June 5, 1863, in Pickaway county. Oliio. He is a success- ful educator and lecturer of Royalton. Ohio, and the author of a number of meri- torious poems. ALEXANDER, JAMES. JR., congress- man, was born in Maryland. He was a resident of St. Clairsville, Ohio; was elected a representative in congress from the eleventh district of that state from 1837 to 1839, and was a member of the committee on public expenditures. He died Aug. 6, 1846. ALEXANDER. JAMES WADDEL. cler- gyman, author, was born March 13, 1804. in Louisa county. Va.. and was a son of A. Alexander. He was a presbyterian clergyman of New York city, and the au- thor of Plain Words to a Young Commu- n i c a n t ; Sacramental Discourses; Thoughts on Preaching; Life of Archibald Alexander; Consolation; The American Mechanic and Workingman, and other works. He died July 31. 1859. in Red Sweet Springs, Va. ALEXANDER, JANE GRACE, finan- cier, was born Oct. 26, 1848, in Winches- ter, N. H. She is cashier of the Win- chester national bank; treasurer of the savings bank of her native town, and has attained success as a successful business woman and financier. ALEXANDER, JOHN, congressman, was elected a representative in congress from Ohio May 4. 1813, serving till 1817. ALEXANDER, JOHN EDMINSTON, clergyman, genealogist. In 1842 he be-, came a clergyman of the presbyterian church, and for the ten years during 1853-62 was principal of the Miller acad- emy of Washington. Ohio, where he had been pastor for twenty years. He is the author of a Historical Sketch of Greene- ville Church. Tenn.; a History of the Synod of Tennessee; A Record of the Alexander Family, and other works. ALEXANDER. JOHN HENRY, scien- tist, author, was born June 26, 1812, in Annapolis, Md. He was once a noted Maryland scientist and the author of History of the Metallurgy of Iron; Uni- versal Dictionary of Weights and Meas- ures. Ancient and Modern; International Tonnage; Treatise of Mathematical In- struments; Introits; and Catena Domin- ica, a collection of religious poems. He died March 2. 1867. in Baltimore. Md. ALEXANDER. JOHN M., soldier, busi- ness man, public officer, was born May 17, 1841, in Delaware count}', Ohio. He served three years in Sheridan's army, and was wounded at Fisher's Hill in 1864. He is a successful business man of Gallipolis. Ohio, and has been mayor of his city four terms. ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON, clergyman, author, was born April 24, 1809, in Philadelphia, Pa., and is a son of A. Alexander. He was a presbyterian clergyman, professor at Princeton college, and theological seminary, 1820-60. He was the author of Commentaries on the Psalms. Isaiah. Acts. Matthew, and Mark, and many theological reviews, often as sarcastic as they were forcible. He died Jan. 28. 1860. in Princeton, N. J. ALEXANDER, LORENZO P., soldier, merchant, state senator, was born Aug. 10, 1820, in Angelica. N. Y. When twenty- one he settled in Buchanan, Mich. in 1844 he was a militia captain, and in 1845 became colonel of the 28th regiment. He was a representative in the Michigan state legislature of 1841-42; in 1867 was member of the constitutional convention; and in 1871-72 state senator. He was a delegate to the republican national con- vention at Baltimore in 1864, and was a member of the committee that notified President Lincoln of his renomination. He was postmaster of Buchanan from 1862 to 1866. and again from 1877 to 1886. ALEXANDER, MARK, congressman was born Feb. 7. 1792, in Mecklenburg county, Virginia. He was elected a rep- resentative in the Virginia state legisla- ture in 1815; and was a representative in congress from that state from 1819 to 1833. He died Julv 6, 1883, at Scotland Neck, N. C. ALEXANDER. MATILDA G.. author, was born June 14. 1842. in Mt. Vernon. Ind. She is the author of Going West; Here and Hereafter; and Worth Wins. ALEXANDER. NATHANIEL, soldier, physician, congressman, governor, was born in 1756. in Mecklenburg, N. C. He graduated from Princeton college in 1776, and, after studying medicine, entered the army. At the close of the war resided at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profession, and afterwards at Mecklen- burg. While he held a seat in congress, as a representative from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the legislature elected him governor for 1806. He died March 8, 1808, in Salisbury, N. C. ALEXANDER. ROBERT, was born about 1740. in Baltimore. Md. He was a delegate from Maryland to the conti- nental congress from 1775 to 1777. ALEXANDER. ROBERT CARTER. lawyer, journalist, was born July 7, 1857. in West Charlton, N. Y. He was made secretary and treasurer of the Mail and Express corporation, as well as its legal counsel; and in 1895 became editor-in- chief of the paper. In 1890 he was elected a life trustee of Union college. ALEXANDER, SAMUEL DAVIES. clergyman, author, was born in 1819, in Princeton, N. J., and was a son of A. Alexander. He w-as a presbyterian clergy- man of New York city from 1855; and the author of Princeton College in the Eighteenth Century; and A History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland. He died in 1894. ALEXANDER, STEPHEN, educator, astronomer, author, was born Sept. 1. 1806. in Schenectady, N. Y. He was an astronomer who was a professor at Prince- ton college in 1834-78. and the author of Physical Phenomena of Solar Eclipses; and Certain Harmonies of the Solar Sys- tem. He died June 25, 1883, in Prince- ton, N. J. ALEXANDER, SYDENHAM B., soldier, farmer, state senator, congressman, was bprn Dec. 8, 1840, in Mecklenburg county, N. C. He entered the university of North Carolina in 1856 and graduated from that institution in 1860. In 1861 enlisted in the army as a private soldier in the first North Carolina volunteer infantry; in June, 1862, was elected captain of com- pany K, forty-second North Carolina in- fantry; and in 1864 was detached from his company and served as inspector- general on the staff of Major-General R. F. Hoke; after the war returned home and engaged in farming; in 1877 was master of State Grange and a member of state board of agriculture; he was elect- ed to the state senate in 1878, and was re- elected in 1882, 1884, and 1886. He is a member of the board of trustees of the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechan- ical college; and was elected to the fifty- second and re-elected to the fifty-third congress. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM, soldier, was born in 1726, in New York city. He served gallantly with Washington during the revolutionary war; and it was through him that the Conway Cabal was made known to Washington. He died Jan. 15, 1783, in Albany. N. Y. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM, clergyman, theologist. was born Dec. 18, 1S31, in Huntingdon county. Pa. In 1858 he gradu- ated from Jefferson college; and in Sep- tember of the same year entered Prince- ton Theological sem- inary, and graduated therefrom in 1861. He has been pastor in various presby- terian churches, and was pi-esident of the Carroll college. Wis.; president of the City college of San Fran- cisco. Cal.; and since 1871 has been theological professor in San Francisco theological seminary, of which institution he was the principal founder. He is the author of numerous published Sermons and Addresses, Commentaries on Inter- national Sunday School Lessons, and various other letters and papers. He is one of the editors and a contributor to Ths Presbyterian and Reformed Review. ALEXANDER. WILLIAM COWPER. lawyer, state senator, was born in 1806 in Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1827. and soon gained a reputation for legal knowledge and eloquence and took part in political affairs.. For several years he was president of the New Jersey state senate. He was nominated for governor, and lacked but a few votes of election. After being a member of the peace con- gress of 1861, over which he was fre- quently called to preside, he withdrew from politics and devoted himself entirely to the business of insurance, having been elected president of the Equitable Life In- surance company when it was organized in 1859, of which he was president at the time of his death. He died Aug. 23, 1874, in New York city. ALEXANDER, WILLIAM IRVIN, clergyman, lecturer, was born May 13, 1867, in Greenwood, Ind., a suburb of Indianapolis. He graduated in 1889 from Hartsville college, and in 1893 from Lane Theological seminary of Cincinnati, Ohio. He taught school for awhile, and in 1893 accepted a call to the First presbyterian church of Decatur, Ind.; and during a pastorate there of two years the mem- bership was doubled. In 1895 he accept- ed a call to the Willow Creek presby- terian church of Argyle. 111. The largest country church in the United States, com- posed of a large and wealthy Scotch con- gregation in what is known as the Scotch settlenient. The services of this rising presbyterian clergyman are in demand as an evangelist and lecturer. ALFORD, JULIUS C, congressman, was born in Georgia. He was elected a repre- sentative in congress from Troup county, Ga., from 1839 to 1842. ALGER. CYRUS, inventor, iron found- er, was born Nov. 11, 1781. in West Bridge- water, Mass. Early in life he became an iron-founder, and established his business in Easton, Mass. In 1809 he removed to South Boston, where he founded the works that since 1817 have been known as the South Boston Iron company. Mr. Alger also devised numerous improve- ments in the construction of time fuses for bomb-shells and grenades. In 1811 he patented a method of making cast-iron chilled rolls, and in 1822 first designed cylinder stoves. He died Feb. 4, 1856, in Boston, Mass. IlKRRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMERICAN BIOGKAl'HY, 33 WS' Sw ALGER, HORATIO, author, was boni Jan. 13, 1S54, in Revere, Mass. He gradu- ated from Harvard college, and for fif- teen years has prepared l)oys for col- lege in New York city. He is the author of a series of popular juvenile tales, among which the Ragged Dick stories are best known. His stories of the street life in New York have made him a great favorite with boys everywhere. ALGER, RUSSELL A., general, gov- ernor of Michigan, secretary of war, was born Feb. 27. 1S36. in Lafayette, Ohio. He was admitted to practice law in 1859. During the rebellion he entered the union .^ —1^ wH army as a private, m WV^ m^ and in 1865 was bre- :£:;.*' vetted brigadier-gen- eral and major-gen- eral for gallant con- duct. In 1884 he was elected governor • of Michigan: in 1888 was a candidate for president i-n the re- publican national convention; and in 1889 was elected commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. President McKinley appointed him secretary of war in 1897. He is one of the wealthiest men in Michigan, in which state he owns very large lumber interests. ALGER, WILLIAM ROUNSEVILLE, clergyman, author, was boru Dec. 30, 1822, in Freetown, Mass. He was a unitarian clergyman and lecturer of Boston, and the author of Symbolic History of the Cross; The School of Life; History of the Doc- trine of a Future Lite; The Solitudes of Nature and Man; The Friendships of Women; Poetry of the Orient; and Life of Edwin Forrest. ALISON, FRANCIS, educator, clergy- man, was born in 1705 in Ireland. He was appointed vice-provost and professor of philosophy in the college of Philadelphia; and was the pastor of the First presby- terian church of that city. He died Nov. 28, 1779, in Philadelphia, Pa. ALKIRE, HENRY T., lawyer, legislat- or, jurist, was born Sept. 6, 1854, in Platte county, Mo. He received the rudiments of his education in the district school; graduated from the Kirksville State Normal school in 1875, and from the Missouri State uni- versity in 1881. He has attained prom- inence as an able lawyer of Oregon, Mo., of which city he has been mayor; and for three terms was city attorney. He was a member of the thirty-fifth general assembly of Missouri; was the nominee for secretary of state of Missouri; and in 1894 was elected pro- bate judge of Holt county for four years. For six years he was chairman of the re- publican central committee; and for two years president of the Oregon school board; besides filling various other po- sitions of honor. He has written exten- sively on law and judicial subjects, and is one of the brightest men of Missouri. ALLAIRE, ANTHONY J,, soldier, was born Feb. 17, 1829, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He served in the civil war; and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. In 1867 he was appointed police captain of the twenty-first precinct of New York city. ALLAN, JOHN, soldier, patriot, was born ,lan. 13. 174«, In Scotland. He be- came a justice of the peace, and then clerk of the supreme court, and from 1770 to 1776 was a member of the provincial assembly. When the American colonies engaged in the struggle for independence he gave them active and efficient aid, se- curing the alliance of the Indian tribes of that region. Congress nominated him su- perintendent of the eastern Indians, and gave him a colonel's commission in Jan- uary, 1777, and with his Indians he pro- tected the otherwise exposed line of the northeastern frontier. The Nova Scotian authorities offered a price for his appre- hension, while his house was burned and his wife thrown into prison. In 1784 Col. Allan settled in Maine. The government of Massachusetts in 1792 granted him a tract of 22,000 acres, on which the town of Whiting now stands, and in 1801 con- gress gave him 2,000 acres in Ohio in compensation for the losses he sustained for the patriot cause. He died Feb. 7, 1805, in Lubec, Maine. ALLAN, JOHN, antiquarian, was born Feb. 26, 1777, in Scotland. He made a valuable and unique collection of pic- tures, books, autographs, and rare and curious articles. His collection was sold at auction a short time after his death, and the total receipts amounted to nearly fifty thousand dollars. He died Nov. 19, 1863, in New York city. ALLAN. WILLIAM, soldier, author, was born in 1837 in Virginia. He was a lieu- tenant-colonel in the confederate army during the civil war; and the author of Battlefields of Virginia; Jackson's Valley Campaign; and Army of Northern Vir- ginia. He died in 1889. ALLANSON, EDWARD G., poet, was born Nov. 11, 1863, in Elgin, 111. He at- tended the Iowa Business college of Des Moines; has attained success as a writer; and is the author of several meritorious poems. ALLEN, ALEXANDER VIETS GRIS- WOLD. educator, clergyman, author, was born May 4, 1841, in Otis, Mass. He is an episcopal clergyman, prominent among leaders of modern religious thought, and a professor in the Episcopal Theological school at Cambridge. He is the author of The Continuity of Christian Thought: a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of Its History; Life of Jonathan Ed- wards; The Greek Theology and the Re- naissance of the Nineteenth Century; and Religious Progress. ALLEN, ANDREW, congressman. He was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the continental congress in 1775 to 1776. ALLEN, BENJAMIN, clergyman, au- thor, was born Sept. 29, 1789, in Hudson, N. Y. He published in 1815 the weekly Layman's Magazine, and in 1820 an abridgment of Burnet's History of the Reformation. In 1821 he was chosen rec- tor of St. Paul's church, Philadelphia. In 1827 he established a printing-house for the publication of tracts and printing of prayer-books. He published Christ and Him Crucified; and Living Manners, a tale; and other works. He died at sea Jan. 13, 1829. ^i^i^iL,N, CHARLES, state senator, con- gressman, jurist, was born on Aug. 9, 1797, in Worcester, Mass. He was a mem- ber of the state legislature In 1829, 1833, 1834, 1838, and 1840; a state senator in 1835, 1838, and 1839; and judge of the court of common pleas from 1842 to 1844. He was a representative in congress from 1849 to 1853; chief justice of the superior court of Suffolk county from 1858 to 1859- and subsequently chief justice of the su- perior court of the state. He was a mem- ber of the state constitutional conven- tions of 1853 and 1859; a commissioner to negotiate the Webster treaty in 1842; and was a delegate to the peace congress of 1861. He died Aug. 6, 1869, in Worcester. ALLEN, CHARLES H., merchant, state senator, congressman, was born April 15, 184S, in Lowell, Mass. He received his early education in the public schools; graduated from Amherst college in 1869; and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He received the degree of A. M. from Amherst college in 1872. He held several local offices in Lowell; was a representative in the Massachusetts legislature in 1881 and 1882; was a state senator in 1883; in 1884 was elected a representative from Massa- chusetts to the forty-ninth congress, and received the re-election to the fiftieth congress. ALLEN, CHARLES WELLINGTON, physician, surgeon, was born July 17, 1855, in North Hero, Vt. He graduated from the Toledo, Ohio, School of Medicine and from the university of Vermont. He was mayor of Story City, Iowa, for two terms; president of the Central District Medical association of Iowa; and presi- dent and secretary of the Story County Medical society. ALLEN, CHILTON, lawyer, state sen- ator, congressman, was born April 6, 1786, in Albermarle county, Va. He settled in Kentucky as a wheelwright; educated himself for the legal profession: from Clark county was elected in 1811 to the legislature of Kentucky, and re-elected for several terms. He was a representative in congress from that state from 1831 to 1837. In 1838 was president of the board if internal improvement; and in 1842 was again returned to the state legislature. He died Sept. 3, 1858, in Winchester, Ky. ALLEN, CLARENCE EMIR, educator, lawyer, congressman, was born Sept. 8, 1852, in Girard, Pa. He was trained in the common schools of Girard, fitted for college at Grand River institute, Austin- burg, Ohio, and graduated from Western Reserve college with the class of 1877. He taught one year at Grand River insti- tute, and then was principal of the pre- paratory of Western Reserve college three years: went to Salt Lake City, Utah, in August, 1881, where he was an instructor in Salt Lake academy until 1886, when he resigned and entered upon the business of mining. He was elected to and served iu the territorial legislatures of 1888, 1890, and 1894; was elected county clerk of Salt Lake county, Utah, in August, 1890, and served until Jan. 1, 1893; was ad- mitted to the bar at Salt Lake City, in 1892; was the liberal candidate for dele- gate to congress in 1892; and was elected to the fifty-fourth congress as a repub- lican, ALLEN, DAVID OLIVER, educator, missionary, author, was born in 1800, in Barre, Mass. He was graduated at Am- herst college in 1823, taught in Lawrence academy, and then entered Andover Theo- logical seminary, which he left in 1827 to go as a missionary to Bombay. He es- tablished schools and preached in that province, and made extensive tours in western India. In 1844 he took charge of the Bombay printing establishment. He wrote tracts in Mahratta, and supervised a new translation of the Bible in that lan- guage. Injured in health by the Indian climate, he returned to America in 1853. After his return he published a History of India, Ancient and Modern, Geographical, Historical, Political, Social, and Religious. He died July 17, 1863, In Lowell. 34 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. »J A ALLEN, DE WITT CLINTON, lawyer, ■was born Nov. 11, 1835, in Clay county, Mo. He was educated at Wyman's En- glish and Classical high school of St. Louis, Mo.; and graduated from the William Jewell college of Liberty, Mo. He has held positions as attorney of the fifth judicial circuit of Missouri; and was a member of the Missouri constitutional convention in 1875. He is a trustee of the William Jewell college; and was a presidential elector in 1896. ALLEN, DON ALONZO, soldier, clergy- man, evangelist, was born Oct. 23, 1844, in EUlsburgh, N. Y. At eleven years of age he became a cab- 1^-, in boy on a propel- itfefc- ler; and was a sailor ' V on the lakes in sum- I ^ mer, and attended ' i^< i 1 school in winter. At the age of sixteen years he enlisted in the twenty-fourth regiment New York volunteer infantry, and served gallantly throughout the war. He then served as a sailor until 1877; and since 1883 has been a clergyman of the methodist episcopal church. He has attained prominence as an evangelist of note in Kansas, Nebras- ka, Missouri and several other western states. He is also a prominent prohi- bitionist, and was tendered the nomina- tion for congress, but has steadfastly de- clined all political honors. He now fills a pastorate in Randolph, Iowa. ALLEN, EBENEZER, soldier, was born Oct. 17, 1743, in Northampton, Mass. In 1771 he emigrated to Poultney, Vt., and became a lieutenant in Col. Warner's regi- ment of Green Mountain boys. He re- moved to Tinmouth in 1775, and was a delegate from that town to the several conventions in the New Hampshire grants in 1776, and to those that declared the state independent and formed the state constitution during the following year. He was appointed a captain in Col. Her- rick's battalion of rangers in July, 1777, and distinguished himself at the battle of Bennington. In September of the same year he captured Mt. Defiance by assault, and on the retreat of the enemy from Fort Ticonderoga made fifty of them prisoners. Subsequently he was made major in the rangers, and .showed himself a brave and successful partisan leader. He died March 26, 1806, in Burlington, Vt. ALLEN, EDWARD P., soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born Oct. 28, 1839, in Sharon, Mich. He graduated from the State Normal school in March, 1864; taught the Union school in Vassar, Mich., for the three months following, when he enlisted and helped to raise a company for the twenty-ninth Michigan infantry. He was commissioned first lieutenant, and was mustered out as captain. He entered the law school at Ann Arbor, graduating in March, 1867; practices in Ypsilanti. He was elected alderman of Ypsilanti in 1872 and 1874, and mayor in 1880; and was prosecuting attorney of Washtenaw county in 1872. He was elected to the lower house of the legislature in 1876; was again elected in 1878, at which time he was elected speaker pro tempore. He was appointed assistant assessor of in- ternal revenue in 1869; was United States Indian agent for Michigan in August, 1882, which office he held until December, 1885. He was elected to the fiftieth congress, and was re-elected to the fifty-first con- gress as a republican. ALLEN, EDWIN R., soldier, state sen- ator, lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island, was born Nov. 26, 1840, in Windham, Conn. He was educated in the schools of his native town and at Eagleswood, N. J. He enlisted in company A, seventh regi- ment Rhode Island volunteers, in August, 1862; was corporal, sergeant-major, sec- ond lieutenant, first lieutenant, and was in comtnand of said company when it was mustered out of service in June, 1865. He served as state senator in 1889-90 and in 1891-92, and became lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island in 1894. ALLEN, ELISHA H., lawyer, congress- man, diplomatist, was born Jan. 28, 1804, in New Salem, Mass. He was a lawyer; served in the legislature of Maine from 1836 to liiil, and in 1846; and in 1838 as speaker. He was elected a representative in congress from Maine from 1841 to 1843. In 1847 he removed to Boston; was elect- ed to the Massachusetts legislature in 1849; after which he was appointed con- sul to Honolulu. He afterward became connected with the government of the Sandwich islands; and in 1856 visited the United States as envoy. In 1857 he was chief justice and chancellor of the Sand- wich islands, serving until 1864; and was the Hawaiian minister at Washington for a number of years. He died suddenly while attending the president's reception. Jan. 1, 1883, in Washington, D. C. ALLEN, ELIZABETH AKERS, poet, was born Oct. 9, 1832, in Strong, Maine. In 1855 she became assistant editor of the Portland Transcript; and wrote the cele- brated poem entitled Rock Me to Sleep, Mother. She is the author of a volume of poetry, entitled Forest Buds from the Woods of Maine; and a second volume of verse entitled Poems by Florence Percy; and is also the author of The Sil- ver Bridge and other works. She is a member of the Sorosis, of New York city, and is still engaged in literary work. ALLEN, ESTHER LAVILLA, author, poet, was born May 28, 1834, in Ithaca, N. if. Since 1870 she has contributed stories, sketches and poems to various newspapers and magazines, which have been a valuable acquisition to current literature. ALLEN, ESTHER SAVILLE, educator, author, was born Dec. 11, 1837, in Honeoye, N. Y. For many years she was engaged in educational work in the states of New York and Illinois; and is now a resident of Arkansas. She is the author of numerous productions in prose and verse, which have had extensive publica- tion in the leading periodicals of the west. ALLEN, ETHAN, an officer of the revo- lutionary war, was born Jan. 10, 1737, in Litchfield. Conn. He was leader of the famous Green Mountain boys, of Ver- mont, and hero of the capture of forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point, May 10, 1775. He attacked the English at Mont- real, was taken prisoner, and sent to Eng- land in irons. He died Feb. 13, 1789, near Burlington, Vt. ALLEN, FRED HOVEY, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1845 in New Hampshire. He is a clergyman, author of the text in a number of popular art works, such as Great Cathedrals of the World; Modern German Masters; The Bowdoin Collec- tion; The Dor6 Album: The Gerome Al- bum; Discovery and Conquest of Peru; and Discovery and Conquest of Mexico. ALLEN, FREDERICK DE FOREST, educator, author, was born in 1844 in Ohio He has been a professor of classical phi- lology at Harvard university since 1880; and the author of Remnants of Early Latin; and Greek Versification in Inscrip- tions. ALLEN, HARRISON, surgeon, author, was born April 17, 1841, in Philadelphia, Pa. He is a surgeon of Philadelphia, pro- fessor in the university of Pennsylvania from 1865; and the author of Outlines of Comparative Anatomy; and System of Human Anatomy. ALLEN, HEMAN, lawyer, congressman, was born in 1776. He was a resident, if not a native, of Milton, Vt., and adopted the profession of the law, in which he be- came distinguished. He was a representa- tive in congress from Vermont from 1833 to 1839. He died Dec. 11, 1844, in Bur- lington, Vt. ALLEN, HEMAN, lawyer, congressman, diplomat, was born Feb. 23, 1779, in Poult- ney, Vt. He was a resident of Colchester, Vt.; graduated at Dartmouth college in 1795, and adopted the profession of the law;' and was sheriff of Chittenden county in 1808 and 1809. From 1811 to 1814 he was chief- justice of the Chittenden county court; from 1812 to 1817 was an active member of the state legislature; was ap- pointed quartermaster of militia, with the title of brigadier; and was a trustee of the university of Vermont. He was first elected a representative in congress from Vermont in 1817, but resigned in 1818 to accept the appointment of United States marshal for the district of Vermont. In 1823 he received the appointment of min- ister to Chili, which post he resigned in 1828. In 1830 he was appointed president of the United States branch bank, of Bur- lington. He died April 9, 1852, in High- gate, Vt. ALLEN, HEMAN W., soldier, merchant, legislator, was born in 1844, in Westford, Vt. He was a private in company A, thirteenth regiment Vermont volunteers; was promoted to first lieutenant company I, second Vermont militia, in 1864-67; and inspector of rifle practice on staff of Gov- ernor Woodbury. He is a successful dry- goods merchant of Vermont; a director of the Merchants National bank, and of the Vermont Electric company. ALLEN, HENRY, founder of a sect, was born June 14, 1748, in Newport, R. I. In 1774 and succeeding years he made many converts in Nova Scotia to his peculiar mystical religious ideas. He believed that human souls are emanations from a single great spirit, and that the Biule is to be in- terpreted not literally, but in a spiritual sense. He published a book of hymns and several treatises and sermons. The AUenites became numerous under his elo- quent preaching, but declined after his death. He died Feb. 2, 1784, in North- ampton, N. H. ALLEN. HENRY WATKINS, the fif- teenth governor of Louisiana, was born April 29, 1820, in Prince Edward county, Va. He taught school, practiced law, and became a gallant soldier. In 1842 with his brother he enlisted in the war of Texas against Mexico; and in 1846 was elected to the state legislature of Missis- sippi. He ran away from school, had a roving disposition, and finally settled in West Baton Rouge; and in 1853 was elected to the Louisiana house of repre- sentatives. In 1861 he joined the con- federate army, was elected lieutenant- colonel, and became military governor of Jackson, Miss. He was desperately wounded at Shiloh and at Baton Rouge, and was appointed brigadier-general. In 1864 he was inaugurated governor of Louisiana, and died April 22, 1866, in the city of Mexico. HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA iil' A.MKRICAN BIOGRAPHY. 35 ALLEN, IRA, soldier, author, was born April 21, 1751, in Cornwall. Conn. He was an officer in the American army during the revolutionary war, and was after- wards instrumental in settling the dis- putes between Vermont and its neighbors. He was the author of Natural and Politi- cal History of Vermont. He died Jan. 7, 1814, in Philadelphia, Pa. ALLEN, JAMES, clergyman, author, was born 1692 in Roxbury, Mass. He was ordained in 1718 and became the first minister of Brookline, remaining in that charge until his death. His remarks con- cerning the religious revival of 1743 drew upon him severe animadversion. He pub- lished a Thanksgiving sermon; a dis- course on Providence; a discourse en- titled The Doctrine of Merit Exploded, and Humility Recommended; a Fast Sermon on the Earthquake, and other works. He died Feb. 18, 1747, in Brook- line, Mass. ALLEN, JAMES C, lawyer, congress- man, was born Jan. 28, 1823, in Shelby county, Ky. In 1846 he was elected prose- cuting attorney in the seventh judicial district of Indiana for two years; and in 1850 and 1851 was elected a member of the state legislature. He was chosen a repre- sentative in congress from Illinois, from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the thirty- fourth congress. In 1862 he was elected to the thirty-eighth congress as a repre- sentative. ALLEN, JAMES LANE, educator, au- thor, was born in 1849, in Kentucky. He was at one time a teacher, now devoted to literature. A writer of short stories, notable for literary excellence. He is the author of Flute and Violin; The Blue Grass Region and Other Sketches of Ken- tucky; John Gray: a Novel; The Ken- tucky Cardinal; Aftermath; A Summer in Arcady; and The Choir Invisible. ALLEN, JEREMIAH MERVIN, under- writer, was born May 18, 1833, in Enfield, Conn. Since 1867 he has been president of the Hartford Steamboat Inspection and Insurance company; and is also trustee and director of a number of business cor- porations. ALLEN, JEROftiE, educator, author, was born in 1830 in Vermont. He was an educator of New York, dean of the school of Pedagogy; and author of Handbook of Experimental Chemistry; Methods for Teachers in Grammar; Mind Studies for Young Teachers; and Temperament in Education. He died in 1894. ALLEN, JESSE C, educator, lawyer, author, was born Jan. 31, 1832, in Muskin- gum county, Ohio. For nearly twenty years he was engaged in educational work; was then admitted to the bar, and attained success as an eminent lawyer of Van Wert, Ohio. He now devotes most of his time to literature, and is the au- thor of a work entitled Modern World View. ALLEN, JOEL ASAPH, naturalist, au- thor, was born July 19, 1838, in Spring- field, Mass. He is a naturalist who since 1885 has been curator of orinthology and mammalogy in the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. He is the author of History of North American Pinnipeds; and Monographs of North American Rodentia. ALLEN, JOHN, lawyer, congressman, was born in 1763, in Great Barrington, Mass. He was a lawyer by profession; and was a member of the state council of Connecticut for several years. He was a representative from that state during the last congress which was held in Philadelphia, from 1797 to 1799. He died July 31, 1812, in Litchfield, Conn. ALLEN, JOHN, lawyer, soldier, was born Dec. 30, 1772, in Rockbridge, Va. He was the son of an early settler in Kentucky, and began the practice of law at Shelbyville in 1795. In 1812 he raised a regiment of riflemen which was en- gaged in the battle of Brownstown and formed the left wing at the river Raisin, and was killed in battle at that place, Jan. 22, 1814. ALLEN, JOHN, lawyer, state senator, was born Aug. 17, 1796, in Augusta county, Va. In 1824, in company with E. W. Rumsey, he located the site of Ann Arbor, Mich. He engaged in land speculation and at one time owned thousands of acres of land in the western part of the state, much of which was lost in the panic of 1837. In company with Samuel W. Dex- ter, he published for a time the Western Emigrant, the first paper in Washtenaw county. He studied law with James Kingsley, and was admitted to the bar in 1832, but gave little time to the pro- fession. He was state senator of Michigan in 1845-48. He went to California in 1850 and died there March 11, 1851. ALLEN, JOHN, dental inventor, was born May 26, 1823, In Meriden, Conn. After numerous experiments he succeed- ed by artificial means in restoring the sunken portion of the face to its original position. He was largely instrumental in organizing the Ohio Dental college, and was professor for many years in this col- lege. He died March 12, 1892. ALLEN, JOHN BEARD, lawyer, con- gressman. United States senator, was born May 18, 1845, in Crawfordsville, Ind. He was educated in Wabash college, Craw- fordsville; was a private soldier in the one hundred and thirty-fifth regiment of Indiana volunteers; removed with his father's family to Rochester, Minn., where he resided until 1870; here he read law, and was admitted to practice. He re- moved to Washington territory in 1870. and entered upon the practice of his pro- fession. He was appointed United States attorney for Washington territory April, 1875. by President Grant, and continued in that office until July, 1885; and was reporter of the supreme court of Wash- ington territory from 1878 to 1885. He was elected to the fifty-first congress as a republican from the territory of Washing- ton; was elected to the United States sen- ate under the provisions of the act of congress admitting Washington territory into the union; and took his seat Dec. 2, 1889. His term of service expired March 3, 1893. ALLEN, JOHN J. congressman, jurist, was born in Virginia. He was a resident of Harrison county; and was elected a representative in congress from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835. Subsequently he held the office of chief justice of the supreme court of Virginia. ALLEN, JOHN M., soldier, lawyer, con- gressman, was born July 8, 1847, in Tisho- mingo county, Miss. He received a com- mon-school education; and served in the confederate army throughout the civil war. He attended the law school of Cum- berland university, Tennessee, and in 1870 graduated in law from the univer- sity of Mississippi; in the same year was admitted to the bar. and commenced the practice of law at Tupelo, Miss. In 1875 he was elected district attorney for the first judicial district of Mississippi, in which position he served four years; and in 1884 was elected a representative from Mississippi to the forty-ninth congress. and received the re-election to the fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty- fourth, and fifty-flfth congresses. ALLEN, JOHN W., state senator, con- gressman, was born in 1802 in Litchfield, Conn. He settled in Cleveland. Ohio, in 1825; was a member of the senate of that state from 1835 to 1837; also mayor of Cleveland; and was elected a representa- tive in congress from 1837 to 1841. He was a son of John Allen, of Great Bar- rington, Mass. ALLEN, JOSEPH, merchant, congress- man, was born Sept. 2, 1749, in Boston, Mass. He was a merchant in Leicester, and benefactor of the academy there; twice elector for president; and was a clerk of the county court and a state coun- cilor. He was a representative in con- gress from Massachusetts, from 1810 to 1811. He died Sept. 2, 1827, in Worcester, Mass. ALLEN, JOSEPH, clergyman, author, was born Aug. 15, 1790, in Medfield, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard in 1811, and was ordained pastor of the congregational church at Northborough in 1816, which relation he sustained until his death. He was a delegate to the peace congress at Paris in 1849; and the author of His- torical Account of Northboro; Centennial Discourse; Memoir of Rev. Dr. Lathrop of Springfield; History of the Worcester Association; and Allen Genealogy. He died Feb. 23, 1873, in Northborough, Mass. ALLEN, JOSEPH HENRY, clergyman, lecturer, author, was born Aug. 21, 1820, in Northborough, Mass. He attended the district school till the age of thirteen years, and graduated from Harvard col- lege in 1840. During 1843-47 he filled a pastorate in Jamaica Plain, near Boston; in Washington, D. C., 1347-50; in Bangor, Maine, 1850-57. During 1857-69 he was editor of the Christian Examiner; from 1887-91 was editor of the Unitarian Re- view; and during 1878-82 was lecturer on ecclesiastical history in the Harvard uni- versity. He was associate editor of the Allen and Greenough series of classical text-books. He is the author of Hebrew Men and Times; Fragments of Christian History; Christian History, in three volumes; Outline of Christian History; Positive Religion; Historical Sketch of Unitarianism; and other works. ALLEN, JUDSON, congressman, was born in Connecticut. He removed to New York, and was elected a representative in congress from that state, from 1839 to 1841. ALLEN, LEWIS FALLY, author, was born in 1799 in New York. He was once a prominent cattle broker, and the author of Rural Architecture; The American Herd Book; and American Cattle. ALLEN, LYMAN WHITNEY, clergy- man, poet, was born in 1854, in St. Louis, Mo. He graduated from Washington uni- versity in 1878, and prepared for the min- istry at Princeton Theological seminary. This eminent Presbyterian clergyman is chiefly known as the author of many gems of religious verse, which have ap- peared in standard publications. ALLEN, MALACIAH, soldier, farmer, public ofiicial, born April 1, 1841, in Georgia. After graduating from Madi- son college. Miss., he taught school for awhile; he then became a soldier in the Tennessee division of the army; he served four years and held the position of captain at the close of the war. He was in every battle fought by the army of the Tennessee, and was wounded three times. After the war he engaged in farming; and since 1887 has been clerk of the circuit court of Madison comity. Miss. 36 IIERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ALLEN, MARY WOOD, physician, lec- turer, author, was born Oct. 19, 1S41, in Delta, Ohio. After graduating she taught mu.sic, French, and German in a collegiate institute in Battle Ground, Ind., until her marriage to Mr. Chillon B. Allen, now a noted lawyer. In 1875 she graduated in medicine from Ann Arbor, Mich., subse- quently practiced medicine in Newark, N. J.; and is now a successful lecturer of Toledo, Ohio. She is the author of Man Wonderful and the House Beautiful, an allegorical physiology; and her poem, entitled Motherhood, won for itself im- mediate fame. ALLEN, MOSES, clergyman, patriot, was born Sept, 14, 1748, in Northampton, Mass. In 1777 he took charge of the church at Midway, Ga. The British force under Gen. Prevost burned his church and devastated the district in 1778. He officiated as chaplain to the Georgia bri- gade, and was captured when Savannah was reduced by the British in December. His eloquent, patriotic appeals and ener- getic exertions in the field had rendered him obnoxious to the British, and they refused to release him on parole with the officers. He was confined in a loathsome prison-ship, and was drowned in attempt- ing to escape. He died Feb. 8, 1779. ALLEN, NATHAN, physician, author, was born April 13, 1813, in Princeton, Mass. He was a physician of Lowell; and the author of The Law of Human In- crease; The Opium Trade; and Physical Development. He died in 1S89. ALLEN, NATHANIEL, congressman, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y. He served in the assembly of that state in 1812; and was a representative in con- gress, from 1819 to 1821. ALLEN, NATHANIEL TOPLIFF, edu- cator, was born Sept. 29, 1823, in Medfield, Mass. In 1848 he was appointed to the charge of the model department in the Normal school of West Newton, Mass., which position he K filled with marked ability for six years. In connection with Cyrus Pierce, father of American normal schools, he then es- tablished the West Newton English and Classical school. For nearly half a century he has taught in this school, which he purchased in 1853: and with his three brothers has created for the institution a national reputation in the educational world. Here the first pure kindergarten in the United States was started in 1863. He has always ad- vocated the liberal and thorough co-edu- cation of the sexes, and is one of the most prominent educators in the United States. ALLEN, ORRIN PEER, educator, phar- macist, author, was born Sept. 30, 1833, in Wallingford, Vt. He finished his educa- tion at Chester academy, Vt.; he taught school in several Vermont towns; for two years was superintendent of schools in Vernon; and subsequently was prin- cipal of the Toanack Institute of Hacken- sack, N. J. Since 1859 he has resided in Palmer, Mass., and successfully conduct- ing a pharmacy. He was one of the founders of the Palmer Public library in 1878, and has since been a member of its board of management, and is a member in various societies. He is the author of the Lee, Doollttle, and Allen Genealogies; and of many historical and miscellaneous papers. ALLEN, PAUL, journalist, poet, was born Feb. 15, 1775, in Providence, R. I. He was a journalist of Philadelphia; and the author of Poems: Noah, a poem in five cantos; Life of Alexander I; and Lewis and Clark's Novels. He died Aug. 18, 1826, in Baltimore, Md. ALLEN, PHILIP, manufacturer, gov- ernor of Rhode Island, United States sen- ator, was born Sept. 1, 1785, in Providence, R. I. He graduated at Brown university in 1803; was elected to the state legis- lature In 1819, 1820, and 1821: and de- voted much attention to the business of manufacturing; he was governor of Rhode Island during the years 1851, 1852, and 1853; and was elected a senator in congress from his native state, from March 3, 1853, for six years. He constructed the first Watt and Boulton steam engine in Providence. He died Dec 16, 1865, in Providence, R. I. ALLEN, RICHARD, revolutionary sol- dier, was born Nov. 26, 1741, in Maryland. In 1775 he joined the continental forces as sergeant, and later was promoted cap- tain. After the war he held several civil offices. He died Oct. 10, 1832. ALLEN, RICHARD, clergyman, bishop, was born in 1760. He became a local methodist preacher about 1782, and in 1793, at Philadelphia, organized the first church for colored people in the United States. He was ordained in the methodist ministry in 1799, and was elected bishop of the newly formed African methodist episcopal church in 1816. He died March 26. 1831, in Philadelphia, Pa. ALLEN, RICHARD C, jurist. He was a citizen of Florida, and was one of the earliest United States judges appointed for the district embracing that state. ALLEN, RICHARD LAMB, journalist, author, was born in October, 1803, in Hampton county. Mass., and was a broth- er of L. F. Allen, with whom, in 1842, he founded the American Agriculturalist. He was the author of Domestic Animals; Diseases of Domestic Animals; and New American Farm Book. He died Sept. 22, 1869, in Stockholm, In Sweden. ALLEN, ROBERT, soldier, congress- man, was born in 1777 in Augusta county, Va. He was a colonel in the army under General Jackson; and a representative in congress from Tennessee, from 1819 to 1827. He died Aug. 19, 1864, in Car- thage, Tenn. ALLEN, ROBERT, lawyer, state sen- ator, congressman, was born July 20, 1794, in Woodstock, Va. He was educated at Dickinson and Washington colleges; stud- ied law, and practiced in his native place. For a time he held the office of prosecutor for the commonwealth: served five years in the senate of Virginia; was a repre- sentative in congress from that state from 1827 to 1833. ALLEN, ROBERT, general, was born in 1815 in Ohio. He was graduated at West Point in 1836, and was second lieutenant in the Seminole war. In the Mexican war he received the brevet rank of major. He was promoted brigadier-general of vol- unteers in 1863, and was brevetted brig- adier-general in the regular army in 1864 He received the brevet rank of major- general in 1865. After the war he served again as chief quartermaster of the Pa- cific, and was retired March 21. 1878. He died Aug. 6, 1886, in Geneva, Switzerland. ALLEN. SAMUEL, patentee of New Hampshire, was born in 1636 in England. He was a London merchant, and in 1691 purchased from the heirs of John Mason their grant of land from the English crown. The purchase included Portsmouth and Dover, and extended sixty miles from the sea coast. He died May 5, 1705, in Newcastle, N. H. ALLEN, SAMUEL C, clergyman, law- yer, state senator, congressman, was born .fan. 5, 1772, in Franklin county, Mass. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1794; was a representative in the Massa- chusetts legislature from 1806 to 1810: a state senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831: a member of the executive council in 1829 and 1830; and a representative in congress from Massachusetts from 1817 to 1829. He was at one time a congregation- al preacher, but subsequently turned his attention to law and literature. He died Feb. 8, 1842, in Northfield, Mass. ALLEN, SAMUEL WARD KING, sol- dier, lawyer, legislator, was born Jan. 2. 1842, in North Kingstown. He received his education at the East Greenwich acad- emy, the New York Conference seminary, and the Boston university. He served as a soldier in the civil war, and attained prominence as an able lawyer; served six terms in the Rhode Island state legisla- ture: and was speaker of the house of representatives three successive terms. ALLEN, SOLOMON, soldier, missionary, was born Feb. 23, 1751, in Northampton, Mass. He was a brother of Moses and Thomas Allen, who were chaplains in the revolutionary army, while he fought as a soldier and rose to the rank of major. As lieutenant he commanded the guard that took Major Andre to West Point. After the war he was engaged in suppressing Shay's rebellion. At the age of forty he became a religious convert, and at fifty began the life of a missionary preacher. A Sketch of the Last Hours of Solomon Allen was written by J. N. Danforth. He died Jan. 28, 1821, in New York. ALLEN, STEPHEN, business man, pub- lic official, was born in July, 1767, in New York city. While commissioner for visit- ing prisons, he proposed the erection of the state prison at Sing Sing, and was one of the principal originators of the project for supplying New York city with water from the Croton river. He perished in the steamer Henry Clay, which was burned in July, 1852. ALLEN, STEPHEN, state senator, was born about 1772. He was elected mayor in 1821 and 1822. and for several years was a state senator; and a member of the court of errors, at that time the highest court of appeal in the state. ALLEN, STEPHEN MERRILL, mer- chant, banker, author, was born in 1819 in New Hampshire. He was a banker and merchant of Boston; and the author of Fibrilia and Fibrous Manufactures, An- cient and Modern; Theories of Light; and Religion and Science. He died in 1894. ALLEN, THOMAS, lawyer, journalist, railroad president, congressman, was born at Pittsfield, Mass. He was educated at Union college: studied law, and was ad- mitted to the bar. In 1837 he removed to Washington, D. C, and engaged in the printing and newspaper business. In 1842 he removed to St. Louis, Mo. He was a state senator in 1850 and 1854; became largely interested in railways, and was, for many years, president of railway cor- porations. He was elected a representa- tive from Missouri to the forty-seventh congress. He died April 7, 1882. ALLEN, THOMAS, clergyman, patriot, was born Jan. 17, 1743. in Northampton, Mass. He was the first minister of Pitts- field, Mass., where he was ordained in 1764. He died Feb. 11, 1810, in Pittsfield, Mass. His son William is the well-known D. D. and author, who for nineteen years was president of Bowdoin college. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHV. 3T ALI.EN, THOMAS, landscape and ani- mal painter, was born Oct. 19, 1S49, in St. Louis, Mo. He was president of the Paint and Clay club of Boston; Boston Society of Water Color Painting, and tlie Boston Art club. In 1S94 he was judge of awards, department of fine arts, at the World's Columbian exposition, Chicago. ALLEN, TIMOTHY FIELD, physician, author, was born April 24, 1837, in West- minster, Vt. He is a physician of New York city, and has been dean of the Homoeopathic Medical college since 1882. He is the author of Characcse Americanije; and General Symptom-Register of Homoeopathic Materia Medica. He has edited EncyclopEedia of Pure Materia Medica. ALLEN, WILLIAM, clergyman, college president, author, was born Jan. 2, 1784, in Pittsfield, Mass. In 1802 he graduated at Cambridge; and two years later was licensed to preach. During 1804-10 he was a regent in Har- vard college; and devoted much of his time to the prepara- tion of the American Biographical and Historical Diction- ary. For two years he was president of Dartmouth univer- sity; and in 1820 was inaugurated presi-. dent of Bowdoin college. He resigned in 1839, and moved to Northampton, Mass., where he devoted himself to liter- ary work. He was the author of An 40- count of Remarkable Shipwrecks; A Col- lection of Psalms and Hymns, many of which were original; a second and en- larged edition of the Biographical Dic- tionary; and a work entitled Junius Un- masked. He died July 16, 1868, in North- ampton, Mass. ALLEN, WILLIAM, lawyer, congress- man. United States senator, governor of Ohio, was born in 1806 in Edenton, N. C. He received a good educaiion; was con- nected by family tie.-; wilh Allen G. Thur- nian; wns an early . ^^ emigrant to the state l^li^^V^ ^P "'^ ^'^'"' ^°<^ adopl- i^^^ " ed the profession of the b.w. He was a reprcsenta five in lon-e^ress from Ohio from 1S33 to 183.>; was elected a senator in congress from lS3i to 1849; and in 1874 became govern- or of Ohio, serving as such until 1876. Hp refused to accept any office except such as was conferred upon him bv an election of the people. He died July 11, 1879. ALLEN, WILLIAM, lawyer, congress- man, was born Aug. 13, 1827, in Butler county. Ohio. He received a good En- glish education; taught school for a time; studied law. and was admitted to the bar in 1849. In 18.50 he was elected a county prosecuting attorney, and re-elected in 1852. In 1858 he was elected a representa- tive from Ohio to the thirty-sixth con- gress, and re-elected to the thirty-seventh congress. He was a delegate to the Chi- cago convention in 1864. and also to the Philadelphia national union convention of 1866. ALi.EN. WILLIAM FRANCIS, educa- tor, author, was born Sept. 5, 1830, in Northborough. Mass., and was a brother of J. H. Allen. He was a professor in the university of Wisconsin, and published Outline Studies in the History of Ireland; Monographs and Essays; and edited a collection of Slave Songs. He died in 1889. ALLEN. WILLIAM HENRY, educator, college president, was born in March, 1808, in Readfield, Maine. In 1833 he graduated from Bowdoin college; and then became a teacher of Greek and Latin in the Caze- novia seminary, N. Y. In 1836 he took charge of the high school in Au- gusta, Maine; then filled a position in Carlisle, Pa., where for ten years he was professor of chem- istry and natural philosophy in Dickin- son college. In 1850 he became president of the Girard college of Philadelphia, Pa. For thirteen years he filled that position and then resigned; but at the end of four years he was persuaded to again ac- cept the presidency of that institution. ALLEN, WILLIAM HOWARD, naval officer, was born July 8, 1790, in Hudson, N. Y. He entered the navy as midship- man in 1808, and was promoted lieuten- ant in 1813. He was second lieutenant of the Argus, and commanded in the fight with the Pelican off the coast of England after Captain Allen and the first officer were disabled. He was killed in attempt- ing to board piratical vessels with boats near Matanzas, in the island of Cuba. His friend Halleck made his early death the subject of a tender and touching poem. He was killed in action Nov. 9, 1822. ALLEN, WILLIAM J., lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born in 1S28, in Tennes- see. He removed with his father to Illi- nois in 1829; studied law, and was admit- ted to the bar in 1848. In 1854 was elect- ed to the Illinois legislature; in 1855 was appointed United States attorney for the district of Illinois, which office he re- signed in 1860, and was then elected judge of the circuit court. In 1862 he was elect- ed a representative from Illinois to the thirty-seventii congress, for the unexpired term of John A, Logan, resigned, and was re-elected to the thirty-eighth congress. ALLEN. WILLIAM TEMPLE, clergy- man, was born on Dec. 15, 1855, in Vir- ginia. He is a clergyman of St. Peter's, Talladega. He built the church at Boeme. Texas, and also the church at Gadsden. Ala. ALLEN. WILLIAM VINCENT, lawyer^ legislator, jurist. United States senator, was born Jan. 28, 1847, in Medway, Ohio. He received his edu- cation in the Iowa common schools and the Upper Iowa uni- versity of Fayette. He served as a union soldier during the civil war in com- pany G, thirty-sec- ond Iowa volunteer infantry. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar; removed to Ne- braska in 1884; and in 1891 was elected judge of the ninth judicial district of that state. In 1893 he was elected a member of the United States senate for the full term of six years. As a lawyer, judge and senator, he has es- tablished an admitted leadership. He is a marvel of senate oratory, having made a notable fifteen hours' speech in the great silver debate; and is the unques- tioned populist leader in the entire con- gress. ALLEN, WILLIS, congressman, was born in Tennessee; and was a representa- tive in congress from Illinois from 1851 to 1855. ALLEN, WILLIS BOYD, author, was born July 9, 1855, in Kittery Point, Maine. He attended the Boston Latin school, and in 1878 graduated from Harvard college. He has been editor of Cottage Hearth; Our Sunday Afternoon, and VVellspring. He is the author of twenty-eight books for young people, the most notable of which are: Pine Cone Stories, in six volumes; Red Mountain of Alaska; Lion City of Africa; Camp Vagabond; Mammoth Hunters; The Great Island; Boyhood of John Kent; Christmas at Surf Point; Snowed In; A Son of Liberty; Called to the Front; Mountaineer Series, in five volumes; Forest Home Series, in five volumes; John Brownlow's Folks; and In the Morning. ALLEN, ZACHARIAH, inventor, was born Sept. 15, 1795, in Providence, R. I. He was a noted inventor and manufac- turer of Providence; and the author of Practical Tourist; Practical Mechanics; Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature; and Solar Light and Heat. He died March 17, 1882. ALLERTON, MRS. ELLEN, poet, was born in 1835, in New York. She is the author of Poems of the Prairies, and contributes to current literature. ALLERTON, ELLEN PALMER, poet, was born Oct. 17, 1835, in Centerville, N. Y. She has contributed to Milwaukee and Chicago papers; was at one time book reviewer for the Milwaukee Sentinel, and is the author of a volume entitled Poems of the Prairies. ALLERTON, ISAAC, pilgrim, was born about 1583. He went from England to Leyden in 1608, and came to America in 1620 in the first voyage of the Mayflower. He was a wealthy and enterprising mem- ber of the colony, and took a leading part in its affairs. He treated with Massasoit, and made several trips to England as the agent of the colony to purchase the rights of the adventurers, to secure patents for lands, and to bring over the rest of the congregation at Leyden. He died in 1659 in New Haven, Conn. ALLERTON, SAMUEL WATERS, pack- er, was born May 26, 1828, near South Amenia, N. Y. In 1873 Mr. Allerton be- gan packing meats, and carried on the business as The Allerton Packing Co., of which he is president. He now has forty thousand acres of farm land in Illinois. Ohio, and in Iowa — upon which live stock is raised and fattened. He is one of the two survivors of the organizers of the First National bank of Chicago; and a large owner in The Chicago City Railway; The Arcade File Works of Anderson, Ind., and president of The Allerton bank of Allerton, 111. ALLEY, JOHN B., manufacturer, con- gressman, was born Jan. 7, 1817, in Lynn, Mass. He entered largely into- the shoe and leather business; served several years in the city councils of Lynn; was a mem- ber of the governor's council in 1851; a member of the Massachusetts senate in 1852; of the state constitutional conven- tion held in 1853; and in 1858 was elected a representative from Massachusetts to the uiirty-sixth congress. He was elected to the thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth congresses, and was a dele- gate to the Philadelphia loyalist conven- tion of 18fi6. 38 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ALLIBONE, SAMUEL AUSTIN, author, was born April 17, 1816, in Philadelphia, Pa. He is widely known by his Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, a work ot immense labor and research. He died Sept. 2, 1889, in Lucerne, Switzerland. ALLIN, JOHN, clergyman, author, was born in 1596 in England. He was a puri- tan scholar, who emigrated from England in 1637; became the first minister of Dedham; and was the author of several works. He died Aug. 26, 1671, in Dedham, Mass. ALLIS, LIZZIE MAY, educator, was oorn May 28, 1863, in Prattsburgh, N. Y.. which city is still her home. She gradu- ated from the Franklin academy; El- (pira college and from Cornell university. She has filled the chair of German and English in the Jacksonville Female acad- emy, Illinois; was preceptress for three years of the State Normal school of Mans- field, Pa.; and now fills the chair of French and German in the Iowa State college. ALLISON, BURGESS, educator, clergy- man, inventor, was born Aug. 17, 1753, in Bordentown, N. J. He studied at Rhode Island college (now Brown university) in 1777, and subsequently had charge of a small congregation at Bordentown, N. J., where he established a classical boarding- school, which attained great reputation. In 1796 he withdrew from his teaching and devoted his time for several years to inventing. Some improvements in the steam engine and its application to navi- gation are due to his efforts. He was elected chaplain of the house of repre- sentatives in 1816. and later became chap- lain at the navy-yard, Washington, where he remained until his death. He died Feb. 20, 1827, in Washington, D. C. ALLISON, J.4MES, lawyer, congress- man, was born Oct. 4, 1772, in Cecil coun- ty, Md. He studied law and acquired a high position at the bar of western Penn- sylvania. He was elected a representa- tive from that state to the eighteenth congress; was re-elected to the nineteenth congress, but on account of ill health and his dislike of public life, declined the po- sition. After practicing his profession for fifty years, he died in June. 1851. ALLISON, JOHN, lawyer, congressman, was born Aug. 5. 1812, in Pennsylvania. He studied law, but never practiced the profession; was elected to the assembly of his state in 1846, 1847, and 1849; was a representative from Pennsylvania to the thirty-second and thirty-fourth con- gresses, and declined a nomination for re- election. In 1869 he was appointed regis- ter of the United States treasury. He died March 23, 1878, in Washington, D. C. ALLISON, ROBERT, congressman, was horn in Pennsylvania. He was a repre- F ■•ntative in congress from Pennsylvania, fi -m 1831 to 1833. ALLISON, WILLIAM B., lawyer, United States senator, was born March 2, l.'^29, in Perry, Ohio. He was educated at the Western Reserve college, Ohio; studied law and practiced in Ohio until he re- moved to Iowa in 1857. He served on the staff of the governor of Iowa and aided in organizing volunteers in the beginning of the war for the suppression of the re- bellion. He was elected a representative in the thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth, and" forty-first congresses, and was elect- ed to the United States senate as a repub- lican, and took his seat March 4, 1873. He was re-elected in 1878. 1884, 1890, and 1897. His term ot service will expire March 3, 1903. ALLSTON, JOSEPH, governor, was born in 1778 in South Carolina. He was a planter of education and ability; was several years a member of the South Carolina legislature; and was governor of that state from 1812 to 1814. He married a daughter of Aaron Burr, and for that reason was suspected, but unjustly, of be- ing concerned in the questionable enter- prises of that famous man. His wife was lost at sea on her passage from New York to Charleston in 1812. He died Sept. 10 1816. ALLSTON, ROBERT FRANCIS WITH- ERS, statesman, author, was born April 21. 1801, in All Saint's parish, S. C. He was a Carolina statesman well known at one time as an agricultural reformer. He was the author of Memoir on Rice: Essay on Seacoast Crops; and Report on Pub- lic Schools. He died April 7, 1864, near Georgetown, S. C. ALLSTON, WASHINGTON, artist, au- thor, was born Nov. 5, 1779, in Wacea- maw, S. C. He was the foremost of Amer- ican painters in his delineations of sa- cred history. Jacobs Dream; Elijah in the Desert; and Belshazzar's Feast, the latter on which he was at work when he died, are among his sacred historical paintings. He also possessed poetical talent of a high order, and was the author of Sylphs of the Seasons; Romance of Monaldi; and Lectures on Art. He died July 9, 1843, in Cambridge, Mass. ALLYN, EUNICE ELOISAE GIBBS, art- ist, poet, was born near Cleveland, Ohio. She has been the Washington correspond- ent of the Chicago Inter Ocean; was a writer for the St. Louis Globe and the New York World; and still contributes both prose and verse to the leading pub- lications of America. She has also won distinction as an artist and lecturer. For eight years she served as president of th° Dubuque Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and is prominently identified with various other organizations. ALLYN, JOHN, merchant, was born Sept. 4, 1783, in Boston, Mass. In 1S05 he originated the ice trade; and developed the marvelous processes of harvesting, han- dling and storing ice, which are still in use wherever natural ice is obtained on a large scale. He died Feb. 6, 1864. in Boston, Mass. ALLYN, JOSEPH P., jurist, was a na- tive ot Connecticut, from which state he was appointed an associate justice of the United States court for the territory of Arizona. ALMOND. MARCUS BLAKEY, author, was born Aug. 17, 1851, in Stanardsville, Va. For many years he was professor of Ancient languages in the male high school of Louisville, Ky., and is now headmaster of the university school of that city. His famous poem, Estelle, is a beautiful story in verse of some fifty pages, and was pub- lished in a volume with other poems. His next work was Agricola, an Easte: Idyl; and he is the author of several edu- cational works of acknowledged excel- lence. ALMY, JOHN JAY, naval officer, was born April 25, 1815, in Rhode Island. He entered the navy as midshipman in 1829, advanced to the rank of commodore in 1869; and until 1876 was commander of the Pacific squadron. ALMY, WILLIAM, educator, philan- thropist, was born Feb. 17, 1761, in Prov- idence, R. I. He was a teacher and a member of the society of Friends, and be- came wealthy through marriage with the only daughter ot Moses Brown and re- sulting business arrangements for the manufacture of cotton goods. One of his most important charities was the estab- lishment of the New England yearly meeting boarding-house in Providence, where he educated at his own expense eighty young persons selected by him. He devoted large sums to other charita- ble objects. He died Feb. 5, 1836. ALoOP, GEORGE, author, was born in 1638 in England. He published a book with this quaint title: A Character of the Province of Maryland; also a Small Treatise on the Wild and Naked Indians or Susquehanokes of Maryland, their Customs, Manners, Absurdities, and Reli- gion, together with a collection of his- torical letters. ALSOP, JOHN, merchant, congressman, was born in Middletown, Conn. He was a merchant, and by his ability, patriot- ism, and integrity secured his election to the continental congress in 1774, serving two years in that body. He died Nov. 22, 1794, in Newtown, N. Y. ALSOP, JOHN, lawyer, poet, was born Feb. 5, 1776, in Middletown, Conn. He was admitted to the bar, and began prac- tice In New London. He afterward be- came a bookseller in Hartford, and still later in New York. His poems were never issued in book form, but appeared in various periodicals and collections. He died Nov. 1, 1841, in Middletown, Conn. ALSOP, RICHARD, poet, was born Jan. 23, 1761, in Middletown, Conn. He was a witty political satirist who, with Theo- dore Dwight, wrote The Echo in 1791, a series of metrical parodies upon current publications, orations, state papers, and the like. Other works by Alsop are: The Charms of Fancy; A Monody on the Death of Washington; and The Enchant- ed Lake of the Fairy Morgana. He died Aug. 20, 1815, in Flatbush, N. Y. ALSTON, LEMUEL J., congressman. He was a representative in congress from South Carolina from 1807 to ISll. ALSTON, WILLIAM, revolutionary soldier, state senator, was born in 1757 in Charleston, S. C. He was a captain in the revolutionary war; a capable sol- dier and a zealous patriot. After the war he served for many years in the state sen- ate. He died June 26, 1839. ALSTON, WILLIAM J., congressman, was born in Georgia. Removing to Ala- bama, he was a representative in congress from that state from 1849 to 1851. ALSlON, WILLIS, congressman, was born in Halifax county, N. C. He ap- peared in public life as early as 1794, serv- ing In the state legislature for several years. He was a representative in con- gress from North Carolina from 1799 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. He died April 10, 1837. ALSTON, WILLIS, state legislator, con- gressman, was born in Halifax county, N. C. In 1794 he was a member of the North Carolina state legislature; and for twenty years was a member of congress. He died April 10, 1837. ALT, GUST AVE ADOLPH F. W.. phy- sician, surgeon, was born Aug. 13, 1851, in Baden. He served two years as house surgeon in the New York ophthalmic and aural institute: and in 1887 was made lec- turer on ophthalmology and otology in Trinity college. In 1879 he published in Germany, also in New York, The Normal and Pathological Histology of the Human Eye; and in 1883 he founded and edited the first ophthalmological journal. The American Journal of Ophthalmology. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 39 ALTGELD, JOHN P., lawyer, governor, ■was born in December, 1847, in Germany. When sixteen years of age he entered the Union army, and carried a musket in the James river campaign. At nineteen he began to teach school, and at twenty-one went farther west. In 1SS4 he published a. small volume entitled Our Penal Ma- chinery and Its Victims, and in 1S90 a vol- ume entitled Live Questions, being a dis- cussion of some of the problems of the day. In 1894 he published volume two of the work last named. He was elected judge of the superior court of Chicago in 1886, and was for a time chief justice of that court. After serving orf the bench about five years he resigned to devote himself to private affairs. Meanwhile he had become interested in Chicago real estate, and built six of the finest business blocks in Chicago, one of them a sixteen- story fire-proof structure called The Unity, which is regarded as one of the finest office buildings in the country. In 1892 he was elected governor of the state of Illinois. ALVORD, BRNJAMIN, soldier, author, was born Aug. 18, 1813, in Rutland, Vt. He was a United States oflScer who served in the Mexican and civil wars; and was the author of Tangencies of Circles and Spheres; and Interpretation of Imaginary Roots in Questions of Maxima and Min- ima. He died Oct. 16, 1884, in Washing- ton, D. C. ALVORD, JAMES C, lawyer, legislator, was a native of Massachusetts. He adopt- ed the profession of the law; served one term in each branch of the state legis- • lature; and was elected a representative from Massachusetts to the twenty-sixth congress, but died in the latter part of 1839. before taking his seat. ALVORD, THOMAS GOLD, lawyer, statesman, was born Dec. 20, 1810, In Onondaga county, N. Y. He graduated from Yale in 1828; in 1832 was admitted to the New York bar; and in 1844 sent to the legislature, where he remained for ten consecutive terms. He was elected speaker of the house in 1858 and in 1864; was lieutenant-governor in 1865-66, and a member of the New York state constitu- tional convention in 1867-68. He is the proprietor of extensive salt mines in cen- tral New York. AMBAUEN, ANDREW JOSEPH, Ro- man catholic priest, author, was born March 7, 1847, in Switzerland. In 1872 he was ordained to the priesthood in Mil- waukee, Wis., where for thirteen years he worked in various pioneer mission sta- tions in that diocese. In 1886 he was ap- pointed to St. Joseph's congrega- tion in Dodgeville, Wis., where he has since faithfully min- istered. In the inter- vals of exacting pastoral duties he has contributed extensively to church and popular literature. Among his works are The Friend of Youth; Roses of Heaven; and Guide to Our Celestial Home; all in the German language. In English he is the author of The Devoted Companion; Our Christian Duties; and The Floral Apostles, or What the Flowers Say to Thinking Man. Father Ambauen is wide- ly popular in his adopted state, both within and without the church, as one whose earnestness and thorough devotion to all causes of good and truth are un- failing and sincere. AMBLER, JACOB A., lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Ifeb. 18, 1829, in Pittsburg, Pa. He studied law in Ohio, and in 1857 was elected to the state legislature, and served two terms. In 1859 he was ap- pointed judge of the ninth judicial dis- trict of the state, and served until 1867, when he re- sumed the practice of his profession. He was elected to the forty-first and forty-second congresses, serving on the committee on foreign affairs. He still practices law in Salem, Ohio, in partner- ship with his son, under the firm name of Ambler and Son. AMBLER, WILLIAM E., lawyer, state senator, jurist, was born Dec. 18, 1845, in Medina, Ohio. Since 1868 he has prac- ticed law in Pentwater, Mich. He has been president of the village, and a mem- ber of Neilsen and Company, bankers. He was elected senator in the state legis- lature in 1878; was re-elected in 1880; and was president pro tem of the senate during his last term. He subsequently became judge of probate for Oceana county. AMBROSE, JAMES W., civil engineer, legislator, was born Jan. 3, 1826. in In- dustry, Maine. He became a member of the Maine state legislature in 1883. For eighteen years he was commissioner, and is a successful farmer and legislator. AMBROSE, JOHN L., organist, singer, composer, was born in 1844, in Sandwich, N. H. He has composed church music and has prepared a book of Male Quar- tettes for the work of the Masonic lodge. AMERMAN. LEMUEL, educator, law- yer, congressman, was born Oct. 29, 1846, near Danville, Pa. He was professor of ancient languages and English literature in the state normal school at Mansfield, Pa., for three years; was admitted to prac- tice and located in Scranton in 1876: was county solicitor for Lackawanna county in 1879-80; was representative in Pennsyl- vania legislature, 1881-84; was city comp- troller of Scranton, 1885-86; was reporter of the decisions of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, 1886-87. He was largely interested in the construction and opera- tion of water works; and was elected to the fifty-second congress as a democrat. He died Oct. 7, 1897, in Scranton. Pa. AMES, ADELBERT, soldier, governor. United States congressman, was born Oct. 31, 1835, in Rockland, Maine. He received a classical education; entered the mili- tary academy at West Point, and grad- uated in 1861. He was commissioned sec- ond lieutenant of artillery; brevetted major for gallant services at the battle of Bull Run, where he was wounded; brevetted lieutenant-colonel for services at the battle of Malvern Hill; was ap- pointed colonel of volunteers; brevetted colonel for services at the battle of Get- tysburg; brevetted major-general of vol- unteers for services at Fort Fisher; and again brevetted major-general. United States army, at the close of the war, for gallant and meritorious services In the field during the rebellion. He was ap- pointed provisional governor of Missis- sippi in ISfiS; appointed to the command of the department of Mississippi in 1869; was elected to the United States senate for six years, taking his seat in 1870. In 1873 he was elected governor of Missis- sippi. AMES, CHARLES GORDON, clergy- man, author, was born in 1828, in Massa- chusetts. He is a unitarian clergyman and pastor of the church of the disciples in Boston. He is the author of George Eliot's Two Marriages; As Natural as Life; and Studies of the Inner Kingdom. AMES, EDWARD RAYMOND, edu- cator, bishop, was born May 20, 1806, in Athens, Ohio. He studied for two years at the Ohio state university, and in 1828 opened a high school at Lebanon, 111., which in time grew into McKendree col- lege. Here he remained until 1830, when he joined the Indiana methodist episco- pal conference and became an itinerant minister, and in 1852 became a bishop. He died April 25, 1879, in Baltimore, Md. AMES, ELEANOR MARIA, journalist, author, was born in 1830. Under the pen name of Eleanor Kirk she has published a number of books; and she is also the proprietor of a magazine entitled Eleanor Kirk's Idea, which is published in Brook- lyn, N. Y. She is the author of Up Broad- way and Its Sequel; Information for Au- thors; and Perpetual Youth. AMES, FANNY B., industrial reformer, lecturer, was born June 14, 1840, in Can- andaigua, N. Y. Her first experience in practical work was gained in military hospitaLs during the war. In 1863 she was married to the Rev. Charles G. Ames. She has been the president of the chil- dren's aid society; was for two years pres- ident of the new country club of Phila- delphia; and in 1891 was appointed fac- tory inspector in Massachusetts. AMES, FISHER, orator, statesman, au- thor, was born April 9, 1758, in Dedham, Mass. He graduated from narvard uni- versity in 1774; studied law in Bos- ton, and commenced practice in his na- .^^^^^ five town; distin- *^ ^^^H guished himself as a member of the Mas- ti.- ,4^^H sachusetts conven- tion for ratifying the constitution in 1788; and from that body passed into the state legislature. He was soon afterward elected a representative in congress, where he served from 1789 to 1797, and gained great reputation for his eloquence and exalted patriotism. He was devotedly attached to Washington, and was the au- thor of the Address from the house of representatives to the president prior to his retirement from ofiice. He wrote much for the papers on the public affairs of America, England, and France, and both as a writer and orator attained a very prominent position, and exerted an extensive influence. In 1809 a collec- tion of his writings, and his life, were published by Rev. Dr. Kirkham; in 1854 a more complete edition was issued, edited by his son. He died July 4, 1808. AMES, JOSEPH, painter, was born Sept. 6, 1816, in Roxbury, N. H. His best- known pictures are portraits of Ristori, Prescott, Emerson, Rachel, and President Felton, of Harvard, and Gazzaniga. Among his ideal paintings are: Miranda; Night; Morning; The Death of Webster; and Maud Muller. He died Oct. 30, 1872, in New York. AMES, LUCIA TRUE, author, was born May 5. 1856, in Boscawen, N. H. She is the author of Great Thoughts for Little Thinkers; and Memoirs of a Millionaire, a work of fiction. For many years she . has conducted numerous large adult classes in Boston, giving studies in nine- teenth century thought. 40 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. AMES, MARY CLEMMER (Mis. Hud- son), author, was born in 1839 in Utica, N. Y. She was intimate with Alice and Phoebe Gary, whose biographies she wrote. She published monographs on Charles Sumner, Margaret Fuller, George Eliot, Emerson, and Longfellow. She wrote three novels. Victoria; Eirene; and His Two Wives; Ten Y^ears in Washing- ton; Outlines of Men, Women and Things; and a volume of poems. In 1SS3 she mar- ried Edmund Hudson, eduor and proprie- tor of the Army and Navy Register. She died Aug. 18, 1884, in Washington, D. C. AMES, NATHAN P., manufacturer, was born in 1803. He commenced the cutlery business in 1829. In 1834 the Ames manufacturing company was in- corporated, with N. P. Ames as agent. This company has supplied the United States government with swords since 1831. In 1840 he visited Europe to in- spect foreign armories, and acquire in- formation in regard to tools, cutlery, and improvements in arms. In 1836 the bronze foundry was erected, which has become the most famous in the United States. Since its erection nearly all the brass guns made for the American army have been cast at this establishment. Here the celebrated statues of De Witt Clinton, in Greenwood cemetery. Brook- lyn; Washington, in Union square, N. Y., and that of Franklin, in School street, Boston, were cast. In 1854 the British government ordered of this company a complete set of the machines for per- fecting the stock of the musket. They are now in use at the government armory near Woolwich, England. He died April 23, 1847, in Cabotville, Mass. AMES. NATHANIEL, physician, au- thor, was born in 1708 in Bridgewater, Mass. He was a physician of Dedham, Mass., who published in 1725-64. an As- tronomical Diary and Almanac which con- tained much shrewd humor and original philosophy and was widely popular. He died July 11, 1764, in Dedham, Mass. AMES, CAKES, manufacturer, con- gressman, was born Jan. 10, 1804, in Eas- ton, Mass. He received a public-school education; was engaged in manufacturing and largely engaged in railroads; and was elected a member of the executive council of Massachusetts in 1860 and 1861. He was elected to the thirty-eighth, thir- ty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first, and forty- second congresses as a republican. He died May 8, 1873, in North Easton, Mass. AMES, OAKES ANGIER, manufacturer, banker, was born April 15, 1829, in Eas- ton, Mass. This successful manufacturer and financier is the ■~~ "' president of the Oli- ^k|h> ver Ames and Sons ^■^M^ corporation of North K^l*^ Easton, Mass., an > ^B institution which 5* - r has a national repu- tation as manuxac- turers of shovels, spades, and hard- ware specialties. He is president of the North Easton sav- ings bank; vice- president of the Easton national bank; director of the Lincoln national bank of Boston; director of the Kenily iron and machine company of Canton; director of the Washington Mills emery company; president of the Ames security register company; and trustee of the state lunatic hospital at Taunton. Mr. Ames is an in- fluential man in manufacturing and finan- cial circles in the New England states. AMES, OLIVER, soldier, manufacturer, governor, was born Feb. 4, 1831, in North Easton, Mass. Entering early the great shovel manufactory, he acquired a mas- tery of the business, and contributed nu- merous inventions to the processes of the manufacture. In I88O-0I he was elected a member of the Massachusetts senate; and in 1882 lieutenant-governor of the state. In 1886 he was elected governor, and re-elected in 1887-88. AMES, SAMUEL, lawyer, jurist, author, was born Sept. 6, 1806, in Providence, R. I. He was prepared for college at Phillips Andover academy, and was grad- uated at Brown in 1823. After gradua- tion he attended the law lectures of Judge Gould at Litchfield, Conn., and be- came a member of the Rhode Island bar in 1826. He served in the Providence city council; was for many years in the state assembly; and was elected speaker of that body in 1844 and 1845. In 1853 he was appointed by the legislature to represent the state In adjusting the boundary be- tween Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In 1855 he was one of the commissioners to revise the statutes of Rhode Island, a work that was completed in 1857 mainly under his supervision. He was elected chief justice of the state supreme court in May, 1856, and resigned the office in November. 1865, because of failing health. He was a delegate to the peace convention in 1861. The law books of which he was au- thor or editor are; Agnell and Ames on Corporations, and Rhode Island Reports, volumes 4 to 7. He died Dec. 20, 1865, in Providence, R. I. AMES, WILL L., soldier, legislator, was born in Petersboro, N. H. He was educated at Phillips Exeter academy, N. H.; enlisted in the first New Hamp- shire cavalry in 1863. and served during the war under Generals Custer and Sheri- dan. He resided twelve years in Seattle, and served three years as city treasurer of that city. In 1897 he became a mem- ber of the Washington state legislature. AMHERST, J. H., actor, dramatist, was born in 1776 in London, England. He came to the United States in 1838 as di- rector of Cook's equestrian company, and first acted as the Castilian in Mazeppa in Philadelphia. He was an accomplished classical scholar, and the author of sev- eral plays, of which the following are the best known: Will Watch, or the Black Phantom; Napoleon Bonaparte's Invasion of Russia, or the Conflagration of Mos- cow; Ireland as It Was; The Battle of Waterloo; and Ireland as It Is. He died Aug. 12, 1851, in Philadelphia, Pa. AMIES, OLIVE POND, educator, lectur- er, was born in Jordan, N. Y. She has at- tained eminence as a successful teacher; has given model lessons at conventions and institutes; and for many years was in constant demand in the county teach- ers' institutes in the states of New York and Maine. She founded the training school tor teachers in Lewiston. Maine; has held state positions in the Woman's Christian Temperance union and the Woman's Suft'rage association; and deliv- ers lectures on different themes connected with these organizations. In 1871 she was married to the Rev. J. H. Amies, an eminent clergyman of the universalist church. AMMEN, DANIEL, naval officer, au- thor, was born May 15. 1820. in Brown county, Ohio. He was chief of the naval bureau of navigation in 1870-78; and was sent to the so-called Paris canal congress in 1879. At the close of the civil war he designed the Ammen Life Raft, wnich saved the lives of more than half the crew of the Kearsarge when she was wrecked on a reef. He is the author of The Atlantic During the Civil War; The Old Navy and the New; Recollections of Grant; and various other papers. AMMEN, JACOB, soldier, was born Jan. 7, 1808, in Virginia. He was graduated at West Point in 1831. and served there as assistant instructor in mathematics, and afterward of infantry tactics. He was promoted to be brigadier-general of volunteers in 1862. AMMIDOWN, EDWARD HOLMES, merchant, author, was born Oct. 28, 1820, in Southbridge, Mass. He has been di- rector of the Importers' and Traders' bank; the United States life insurance company; and the Dundee water-power company. He is the author of Historical Collections. AMORY, ESTELLE MENDELL. edu- cator, author, was born June 3. 1845. in Ellisburgh, N. Y. In 1S6S she graduated from Falley seminary, and has attained success in educational work. Her lit- erary productions consist mainly of domestic articles, short stories for chil- dren, essays on living themes, and oc- casional poems. AMORY. ROBERT, physician, author, was born May 2, 1842, in Boston, Mass. He was appointed in 1869 lecturer at Har- vard college on the physiological action of drugs, and was afterward professor of physiology in the medical school at Bow- doin college, but resigned this chair in 1874. He is a member of several socie- ties of medical science, and has published Bromides of Potassium and Ammonium, ' and Action of Nitrous Oxide, and has contributed to periodicals important pa- pers. AMORY', THOMAS COFFIN, lawyer, author, was born Oct. 16. 1812. in Bos- ton, Mass. He was the author of Life of James Sullivan, Governor of Massachu- setts; Military Services of Major-Gen- eral John Sullivan; and Life of Sir Isaac Coffin. He died Aug. 20, 1889, in Boston, Mass. AMORY', THOMAS J. C, general, was born about 1830 in Massachusetts. He was graduated at West Point in 1851, and served on garrison and frontier duty in the Utah expedition, and on recruiting service until 1861, when he became colo- nel of the seventeenth Massachusetts vol- unteers. He was brevetted brigadier- general of volunteers. He died Oct. 8, 1864, in Newbern, N. C. AMUNDSON, JOHN A., lawyer, was born April 2, 1856, in Madison, Wis. He is a lawyer of New York city, and is known for his sterling integrity, thor- ough preparation, and distinguished tal- ents as an advocate, and as learned in the law. ANAGNOS. MRS. JULIA ROMANA. author, was born in 1844. She was a daughter of Dr. S. G. and Julia Ward Howe, and wife of M. Anagnos. the su- perintendent of the Perkins institute for the blind in Boston. She is the author of Stray Chords, a volume of verse; and Philosophise Questor. She died in 1886. ANCONA, SYDENHAM E.. congress- man, was born Nov. 20. 1824. in Warwick. Pa. Removing to Berks county, he was for several years connected with the Reading railroad company; in 1860 was elected a representative from Pennsylva- nia to the thirty-seventh congress; was re-elected to the thirty-eighth and thirty- ninth congresses. He was one of the rep- resentatives designated by the house to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 41_ ANDERS. T. J., lawyer, jurist, was born April 4, 183S, near Republic, Ohio. He re- moved to Montana, and later to Walla Walla, opening a law office at the latter town In 1871. He was elected city at- torney, and also five times elected prose- cuting attorney for that district. Judge Anders has been connected with much of the important litigation of Washington, and was the unanimous choice of his brother judges for the first chief justice of the supreme court of Washington. In 1892 he was re-elected for six years. ANDERSON. ABEL, clergyman, edu- cator, was born Dec. 6, 1847. in Albion, Wis. He graduated from the Luther col- lege, university of Wisconsin, and from the Concordia ■^ theological seminary Ik .Ai. ^'Alk. °^ ^'-- Louis, Mo. W %■ *WI During 1874-87 he was pastor of the Lutheran church in Muskegon, Mich., then at Appleton, Minn.; and since 1S8S at Montevideo, .Minn. Since the latter date he has also filled the chair of ancient and mod- ern languages in the Windom institute. He was school inspector for a series of years, and in 1884 was a delegate from Michigan to the republican national con- vention. ANDERSON, ALFRED HORACE, rail- road president, was born in 1858, in La Crosse, Wis. Since 1895 he has been president of the Peninsular railroad. ANDERSON. ALBERT R.. soldier, law- yer, congressman, was born Nov. 8. 1837, He was appointed state railroad com- missioner in 1881: and was elected to the fiftieth congress as an independent repub- lican. ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, engraver, author, was born April 21, 1775, in New York city. He was the first wood-en- graver in the United States. He was the author of an illustrated General History of Quadrupeds. He died Jan. 17, 1870, in Jersey City, N. J. ANDERSON. ALEXANDER, congress- man, was born Nov. 10. 1794, in Jefferson county, Tenn. He was a senator in con- gress from the Knoxville district, Tennes- see, during the years 1840 and 1841, part of a term, and served as a member of the committee on the militia. He died May 23. 1869. in Knoxville. Tenn. ANDERSON, C. L.. soldier, lawyer, con- gressman, was born March 15, 1845, in Noxubee county. Miss. He entered the confederate army as ~^V^B a private in the thir- ^^H ty - ninth infantry ^J regiment, Mississip- ™ pi volunteers, March 0f ^NM 5, 1862, and served JH continuously in that iab.fl command, receiving '^** promotion through the successive grades o f non - commis- sioned officers until July. 1864, when he was transferred to Bradford's cavalry corps of scouts, with the rank of second lieutenant, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. He entered the university of Mis- sissippi in January, 1866. where he re- mained until the summer of 1867. having taken a partial course in both the literary and law departments. He commenced the practice of law in the town of Kosci- usko, Feb. 14, 1868; was elected to the Mississippi legislature in November, 1879, and served through the session of 1880; and was elected to the fiftieth congress, and was re-elected to the fifty-first con- gress. In 1896-97 he was United States district attorney of Mississippi. ANDERSON, CHARLES, lawyer. He was acting governor of Ohio in 1865 and 1866; and was by profession a lawyer. He was a man of high culture, and for many years was an influential citizen of Cincinnati. ANDERSON. CHARLES M., soldier, lawyer, congiessman, was born Jan. 5, 1845, in Juniata county. Pa. He removed with his parents to Ohio in 1855; served in the Union army throughout the civil war; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1868. He engaged in practice at Greenville, Ohio; and in 1884 was elect- ed a representative from Ohio to the forty-ninth congress. ANDERSON, CLIFFORD, attorney- general, was born March 23, 1833, in Vir- ginia. He was elected judge of Macon city court in 1856, and attorney-general of Georgia, serving in the last office ten years. ANDERSON, DAVID, soldier, manufac- turer, state senator, was born Nov. 26. 1825, in Clarendon. N. Y. He moved to Michigan in 1854, and settled in the town of Madison. In 1865 he removed to the town of Columbia, where he has held va- rious offices of trust in his township. In 1862 he joined the nineteenth Michigan infantry, received the commission of first lieutenant, and in the same year was pro- moted to the rank of captain. In 1864 he was commissioned as major, and at the close of the war received a colonel's commission. During 1873-74 he served with distinction as a member of the Michigan state senate. ANDERSON, GALUSHA, LL. D., cler- gyman, educator, college president, was born March 7, 1832. in Bergen, N. Y. In 1854 he graduated from the university of Rochester; and from the Rochester theo- logical seminary two years later. He was pastor of the first baptist church of Janes- ville, Wis.; of the second baptist church of St. Louis, Mo.; of the Strong place baptist church of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; and of the second baptist church of Chicago. For eight years he was president of the university of Chicago; and for three years was president of the Denison uni- versity, Ohio. For seven years he filled the chair of sacred rhetoric, church polity and pastoral duties in the Newton theo- logical seminary, Mass.; and now fills the same chair in the divinity school of the university of Chicago. He was in St. Louis during the civil war, and preached the first loyal sermon in that city in April, 1861; and he was one of a band of loyal men who succeeded in keeping Missouri in the Union. His writings have appeared in the North American Re- view and various standard works. ANDERSON, GEORGE A., lawyer, con- gressman, was born March 11, 1853, in Botetourt county, Va. He removed with his parents to Hancock county. 111., when two years of age; received a common school and collegiate education, graduat- ing with first honors in 1876. He began the practice of law in Quincy, 111., in 1880. He was elected city attorney of Quincy in 1884. and re-elected without op- position in 1885, and was elected to the fiftieth congress as a democrat. ANDERSON. GEORGE B.-, soldier, was born in 1831 in Wilmington, N. C. He entered West Point, was graduated in 1852, and appointed second lieutenant in the second dragoons. On the breaking out of the civil war he resigned his com- mi.s'sion to accept a brigadier-generalship in the confederate army. He died Oct. 16, 1862, in Raleigh, N. C. ANDERSON, GEORGE W., soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born May 22, 1832, in Jefferson county, Tenn. He grad- uated at Franklin college, Tennessee; studied and practiced law; went to Mis- souri in 1853; was a member of the state legislature of Missouri in 18o9 and 1860, and of the state senate in 1862; was a presidential elector in 1860; served as colonel of a regiment of the reserve corps from 1862 to 1864, and commanded the forty-ninth regiment and first battalion E. M. M. in active service. He was elect- ed to the thirty-ninth congress, and was re-elected to the fortieth congress as a radical. ANDERSON, HENRY JAMES, educa- tor, author, was born Feb. 6, 1799, in New York. He was the author of Geology of Lieutenant Lynch's Expedition to the Dead Sea; and a Geological Reconnois- sance of Part of the Holy Land. He died Oct. 19, 1875, in Hindostan. ANDERSON, HUGH J., lawyer, con- gressman, governor, was born May 10. 1801. in Wicassel, Maine. He was clerk of the Waldo county courts from 1827 to 1837; a representative in congress from Maine, from 1837 to 1841. and a member of the committee on naval affairs. He was a lawyer by profession; governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847; a presidential elector in 1849; and commissioner of customs in Washington, from 1853 to 1858. In 1866 he was appointed sixth auditor of the treasury. He died May 3, 1881. in Portland, Maine. ANDERSON. ISAAC, congressman. He was a representative in congress from Pennsylvania from 1803 to 1807. ANDERSON. ISAAC, clergyman, was born March 26. 1780. in Rock Bridge. Va. He was a successful clergyman of Mary- ville. Tenn.. where the Southwestern Theological seminary was established through his efforts. ANDERSON, J. P.. congressman, was? born about 1820 in Tennessee. He was elected a delegate to the thirty-fourth congress from the territory of Washing- ton. He died in 1873, in Memphis, Tenn. ANDERSON, JAMES HAMILTON, sol- dier, lawver. was born May 30, 1842, in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1857 he moved with his father to Keokuk, Iowa; and three years later to Missouri. For awhile he was in a regiment of the North East Mis- souri volunteers in 1861; and in 1864 he enlisted in the forty-fifth regiment vol- unteer infantry. He subsequently studied law in Keokuk, and since 1866 has prac- ticed his profession in that city. He was vice-president and manager of the Keokuk and Northwestern railroad; and he built the original street railroad in Keokuk, of which for several years he was president. He is president of the Keokuk school board; and takes an ac- tive part in the public affairs of his city, county and state. ANDERSON, JAMES 0., soldier, farna- er, legislator, was born Aug. 1, 1845, in Henderson county. 111. He left Mon- mouth college when a student to enlist in the twenty-eighth regiment Illinois i*-- fantry, in which he attained the rank ■'" second lieutenant. He was sheriff of Henderson county for ten years, and n^ was elected to the Illinois house of rep ■"- sentatives in 1888. 1890. 1892. aid iii 1896. 42 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ANDERSON, JAMES PATTON, soldier, was born in 1820 in Tennessee. During the civil war he held the rank of briga- dier-general, C. S. A., and was promoted major-general in 1864. He died in 1873 in Memphis, Tenn. ANDERSON, JAMES W. D., clergyman, lecturer, poet, was born March 3, 1859, in Coffey county, Kan. He is a success- ful methodist clergyman and lecturer of Kansas. He is the author of a work en- .titled The Kansas Methodist Pulpit; and is also the author of a number of meri- torious poems. ANDERSON, JEROME A., surgeon, lec- turer, poet, was born July 25, 1849, in Randolph county, Ind. In 1857 he re- moved to Kansas, and at the age of six- teen was a member of the Kansas troops in the Price raid of the late civil war. In 1872 he removed to California. After graduating, Mr. Anderson served one year as surgeon on the Pacific mail steam- er, and has practiced medicine continually since. He is at present editing a de- partment of Oriental Literature in the Golden Era of San Diego, being also en- gaged in writing and lecturing upon Theosophy. ANDERSON, JOHN, lawyer, state sen- ator, congressman, was born in Wind- ham, Conn. In 1813 he graduated from Bowdoin college, and became a noted law- yer of Portland, Maine. In 1823 he served with distinc tion as a member of the Maine state sen- ate; and during 1825-33 was an able and useful member of congress. During 183 3-3 6 he was United States dis- trict attorney for Maine; and for many years was collector of the port for Portlanfl. He was three times chosen mayor of Portland, and dis- charged his duties with great ability. He died in 1853. ANDERSON, JOHN A., congressman, was born June 6, 1834, in Washington •county, Pa. He graduated at Miami uni- versity, Ohio, in 1853; removed to Cali- fornia; in 1857 was ordained a minister of the Presbyterian church; was elected trustee of the State Insane asylum in 1860; was a chaplain of volunteers in 1862; was in the service of the United States sanitary commission from 1863 to 1867, and was president of the Kansas State Agricultural college from 1875 to 1879. He was elected a representative from Kansas to the forty-sixth, forty- seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, and fifty-first congresses. ANDERSON, JOHN JACOB, educator, author, was born in 1821, in New York city. He is an educator of New York city who prepared a number of historical text books, among which are A History of France; and Common School History of the United States. ANDERSON, JOSEPH, soldier, lawyer, jurist, United States senator, was born Nov. 5, 1757, near Philadelphia, Pa. He was appointed an ensign in the New Jer- sey line in 1775; was promoted to an adjutancy; as a captain fought at the battle of Monmouth; also went in 1779 with Sullivan against the Six Nations; in 1780 was at Valley Forge; in 1781 at the siege of York; and after the war re- tired with the rank of brevet major. He practiced law in Delaware for seven years. In 1791 was appointed judge o'f the ter- ritory south of the Ohio river; remained in that position until the first constitution of Tennessee was formed, which he aided in forming in convention; and was an in- fluential member of the United States sen- ate from Tennessee from 1797 to 1815. He was appointed in 1815 first comptroller of the treasury, where he remained until 1836. He died April 17, 1837, in Washing- ton, D. C. ANDERSON, JOSEPH, clergyman, au- thor, was born Dec. 16, 1836, in Scotland. He has been pastor of congregational churches in Stamford, Norwalk and Waterbury, Conn.; at the latter since 1865. In 1877 and 1890 he was moderator of the general association of Connecticut, and in 1878 of the congregational churches of the Connecticut general conference. He is the author of The Church of Mat- tatuck; and History of Waterbury. ANDERSON, JOSEPH H., congressman, was born in New York. He was elected a representative in congress from that state, from 1843 to 1847. ANDERSON, JOSEPH W.. railroad pres- ident, was born Feb. 5. 1837, in York county, Pa. Since 1895 he has been presi- dent of the Stewartstown railroad of Pennsylvania. ANDERSON, JOSEPHUS, clergyman, journalist, author, was born Oct. 7, 1829, in Hanover county, Va. He is one of the foremost clergymen of the methodist epis- copal church south; and has held the highest oflices in the gift of that denom- ination. For the past ten years he has been editor of the Florida Christian Ad- vocate of Leesburg, Fla. ANDERSON, JOSIAH M., congressman, was born in Tennessee. He was a repre- sentative in congress from the third dis- trict in that state, from 1849 to 1852; and was delegate to the peace congress of 1861. ANDERSON, LUCIEN, lawyer, con- gressman, was born June, 1824, in May- field, Ky. He received a good English education; adopted the profession of the law; was a presidential elector in 1852; served for two terms as a member of the Kentucky legislature. In 1863 was elected a representative from Kentucky to the thirty-eighth congress. He was a dele- gate to the Baltimore convention of 1864, and a delegate to the Philadelphia loyal- ists' convention of 1866. ANDERSON. MARION T., soldier, was born Nov. 13, 1839, in Clarksburg, Ind. He served as a union soldier during the civil war, and joined company C, seventh Indiana volunteer in- fantry; and was in the first battle of the war, and captured the first rebel flag. ^. ,B^ He was promoted to \i . sergeant, acting major of the regi- M J ment, and in 1862 ^K.^ "'~ j< %,, was commissioned ^|k~- .^^fa second lieutenant. In 1863 he received his commission as captain, and as such was severely wounded on Dec. 31 of that year. For seven months he was an in- mate of Libby prison; was one of the seventy-five officers who drew lots for their lives to afford two victims to be hanged the following morning in retalia- tion for some executions of rebel spies made by Gen. Burnside in Kentucky; and on Dec. 11 made his successful escape from that prison. ANDEK.-^i well as a dramatic success. In 1890 she married Mr. Navarro of New York, and retired from the stage. ANDKRSON, MELVILLE BEST, edu- cator, translator, and critic, was born March 28, 1851, in Kalamazoo, Mich. He is a professor of English literature in Stanford university, California. He is the translator of Victor Hugo's William Shakespeare, and several other works, in- cluding Paul and Virginia. He is noted as a literary critic, and for many years has been a contributor to The Dial. ANDERSON, NORTON BROCK, law- yer, legislator, was born Jan. 8, 1843, in Todd county, Ky. He received his edu- cation at the Paducah college, Kentucky, Bethel college of Russellville, Ky.; and at Harvard university. He has attained prominence as an able lawyer of Plane City, Mo., and in 1870 was elected prose- cuting attorney of his county. During 1889-93 he served as a member of the Missouri state senate. He was one of the revisers of the Missouri general stat- utes; and has contributed extensively to law literature. ANDERSON, OPHi^^iA Bn.OWN, ac- tress, was born July 24, 1813, in Boston. She was the daughter of Mrs. Pelby, an actress, and appeared on the stage in Boston, when two years old, as Cora's child in Pizarro. She became a favorite with the American public, and was the chief attraction in the Tremont and Na- tional theaters, of which successively her father was the manager. She died Jan. 27, 1852, in Jamaica Plain, Mass. ANDERSON, OSCAR DAVID, lawyer, jurist, was born Dec. 27, 1854, in James- town, N. Y. He has attained success as an able lawyer of Red Wing, Minn.; has been justice of the peace; judge of pro- bate court; court commissioner; and has filled various other public positions of trust. ANDERSON, OTTO LEANDER, farmer, lecturer, legislator, was born Feb. 27, 1849. in Sweden. He is a successful farmer of Rockerville, S. D.; was a repre- sentative in the fifth session of the South Dakota legislature; and a successful al- liance lecturer and organizer of the people's party. ANDERSON, RASMUS BJORN, author, was born Jan. 12, 1846, in Albion, Wis. In 1866 he became professor of Greek and modern languages in Albion academy, near his home. In 1869 he became in- structor in languages in the university of Wisconsin, and in 1875-83 filled the chair of Scandinav- ian languages and literature in that in- stitution, where he also founded a Scan- dinavian library. He has been a prolific writer, and has contrib- uted to Johnson's Universal Cyclopeaia; McClintock and Strong's Cyclopedia, The American Supplement of the Encyclopedia Britannica; and to the last edition of Chambers' Encyclopedia. He has lec- tured extensively on the subject of Norse literature and mythology. During 1885- 89 he was United States minister to Den- mark. As an author of books he has won an enviable reputation, his principal works being Norse Mythology; America Not Discovered by Columbus; Echoes from Mist-Land; History of the Litera- ture of the Scandinavian North; Viking Tales of the North; The Younger Edda; The Elder Edda; and various other worivS. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY 43 ANDERSON, RICHARD CLOoUH, sol- dier, was born Jan. 12, 1750, in Hanover, Va. As captain in the fifth Virginia con- tinentals, he led the advance of me Amer- icans at the battle of Trenton (Dec. 24, 1776), crossing the Delaware river in the first boat, and driving in the Hessian out- posts several hours before the main at- tack was delivered. He was at the battles of Brandywine and Germantown, and was a daring leader wherever dash and reso- lution were needed. He died Oct. 16, 1826, in Louisville, Ky. ANjJERSON, RICHARD CLOUGH, JR.. lawyer, congressman, was born Aug. 14. 1788, in Louisville, Ky. He practiced with success at the Kentucky bar, and, after sitting in the legislature, was elected to congress in 1817 and again the following term. In 1822 he was again returned to the legislature, and was chosen speaker. He was appointed minister to Columuia in 1823 and in 1826, when, proceeding to the Panama congress as envoy extra- ordinary, he died on the journey. He died July 24. 1826. ANDERSON, RICHARD H., soldier, was born Oct. 7, 1821, in Slatesburg, S. C. He was made a brigadier-general in the confederate army, promoted to lieutenant- general in 1864, and in the Wilderness campaign had several important com- mands. He died June 26, 1879, in Beau- fort, S. C. ANDERSON. ROBERT, soldier, was born June 14, 1805, in Louisville, Ky. In 1825 he graduated from West Point, and ^^^^^^^ was assigned to the ^ll^^^^Bt third artillery !l<^HHmit. second lieutenant. In f^r^^' the Black Hawk war fif , of 1832 he was col- 1^? m^..^t onel of a company T* ^^^1 °* Illinois volun- i teers. He took part 44 in the Seminole and •^t .Mexican wars; and ^^^''^'—mf ill 1857 was appoint- ^^^^^^^B ed major of the first ^I^H^^^^^k^ He ^^^^^^^^^ commander of Fort Sumter when it was forced to surrender. He attained the rank of brigadier-gen- eral, and subsequently was brevetted major-general. He was one of the found- ers of the Soldier's Home in Washington. He died Oct. 27, 1871, in Nice, France. ANDERSON, ROBERT HOUSTON, sol- dier, was born Oct. 1, 1835, in Savannah, Ga. ' He entered the confederate army in 1861 and rose by successive advancements to brigadier-general in 1864. ANDERSON, ROBERT L., railroad president, was born Dec. 11, 1856, in May- field, Ky. He is president of the Live Oak and Gulf railroad at Ocala, Fla. ANDERSON, RUFUS, missionary, au- thor, was born Aug. 17, 1796, in North Yarmouth, Maine. He graduated from Bowdoin in 1818. and subsequently gradu- - ated from the An- 7< 1 dover seminary. He ■^^ _. V lievised the Chris- ^fmf <»* ^W tian Almanac, which ' '- • is still continued under the title of the - ^ w Family Christian Al- A " ""'^ manac. which has a ^^^^ ^^^ circulation of nearly 1^^^^ ^^fek half a million copies ^^■jL^ ^H annually. In 1826 be ^^^^^^ was ordained a clergyman; and has been a missionary in various countries. He was the author of Memoir of Catharine Brown, which had a large circulation both In America and in England. He was secretary of the American board of foreign missions in 1824-74. He was also the author of For- eign Missions, Their Relations and Claims; History of the American Board's Missions in the Sandwich Islands. Tur- key and India, Peloponnesus and Greek Islands. He died May 30, 1880. ANDREW, SAMUEL, clergyman, was born In 1656, in Cambridge, Mass. In 1707- 19 he was rector of Yale college. He died Jan. 24, 1738. ANDERSON, bAMUEL, congressman, was born in 1774, in Pennsylvania. He served repeatedly in the legislature of that state; and was speaker of me house during two sessions. He was elected a representative in congress from Pennsyl- vania from 1827 to 1839. and was a mem- ber of the committee on the boundary line of Missouri. He died Jan. 17, 1850, in Chester, Pa. ANDERSON. SAj^wEL GRAHAM. clergyman, evangelist, was born Sept. 17, 1842, in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1876 ne was ordained a clergyman of the baptist church, and has filled pastorates in Can- ada. New York and Michigan, in which latter state he fills a pastorate in Ish- peming. He has been instrumental in organizing and building a number of churches: takes a practicable interest in all missionary, education and charitable enterprises; and has been very success- ful as an evangelist. ANDERSON. SAMUEL JAMESON, was born in December, 1824, in Portland. Maine, In 1856 he was elected attorney for the county of Cumberland, and in 1856 was surveyor of the port, and held the ofiice four years. In 1869 he was elected president of the Portland and Ogdens- burg railroad on its organization, and is now in that position. In 1878 he was nominated by the democratic party for congress, but failed of an election. For some years he was major-general in the state militia. ANDERSON. SIMEON H., congressman, was born March 2, 1802, in Garrard coun- ty. Ky. He studied law, and practiced with success; and served frequently in the Kentucky legislature. He was elected a representative in congress from the fifth congressional district of Kentucky, from 1839 to 1841, and served as a member of the committee on postofiices and post roads. He died Aug. 11, 1840, near Lan- caster, Ky. ANDERSON. T. J. soldier, was born in 1839, in Portage county, Ohio. He moved to Kansas in 1856; and in 1861 enlisted as a private in the fifth Kansas cavalry, and was brevetted colonel at the close of the war. He has been commander of his post at Topeka, and also served as de- partment commander. ANDERSON. THOMAS, soldier, clergy- man, was born Jan. 1, 1791. in Mercer county. Pa. He graduated in 1820 from the Washington college of Washington. Pa. He served as a private during the war of 1812. In 1825 he entered the minis- try, and was a home missionary in west- ern Pennsylvania from that time until 1843. He died Dec. 20, 1853. ANDERSON. THOMAS L., lawyer, con- gressman, was born Dec. 1, 1808, in Greene county, Ky. He was self-educated; re- moved to Missouri in 1830, where he com- menced the practice of law at twenty-one years of age; and was elected to the legis- lature of that state in 1840. He was a presidential elector in 1844, 1848. 1852, and 1856; was a member of the conven- tion for remodeling the state constitution in 1845; and was elected a representative to the thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth con- gresses. ANDERSON, THOMAS MAC ARTHUR, lawyer, army officer, author, was born Jan! 21, 1S36, in Chillicothe. Ohio. He was educated at the Mount St. Mary's college, Mary land; and graduated from the Cincinnati law school; and subse- rtef quently practiced / . law. During the civil war he served as a soldier in the sixth regiment of the Ohio volunteer infantry. He has been lieuten- ant in the fifth U. S. cavalry; captain in the twelfth U. S. in- fantry; and was acting field officer dur- ing the civil war; major of the twenty- first U. S. infantry: major of the tenth U. S. infantry; lieutenant-colonel ninth U. S. infantrj'; and since 1886 has been colonel of the fourteenth U. S. infantry. He has been vice-president of the Sons of the American Revolution; past com- mander of the Loyal Legion; besides holding various other positions of honor. He is the author of a number of Mono- graphs of Military, Masonic, and Patriotic subjects. In 1898 he accompanied Gen. Merritt to Manila as a brigadier-general. ANDERSON, WILLIAM, soldier, jurist, congressman, was born in 1763, in Chester county. Pa. He served throughout the revolutionary war with credit, taking a prominent part in the siege of Yorktown. After the war returned to Delaware coun- ty. Pa.; was a representative in congress from that state from 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819; was afterwards a judge of Delaware county court, and a customhouse oflicer at Chester, Pa. He died Dec. 14, 1829, in Chester, Pa. ANDERSON, WILLIAM, clergyman, was born April 29, 1864, in England. He was a local preacher in the Wesleyan methodist church in England; and subse- quently attended the Drew Theological seminary of Madison, N. J. He is now one of the foremost clergymen of the south in the methodist episcopal church, and fills a pastorate in Wheeling, W. Va. ANDERSON, WILLIAM B., farmer, general, congressman, was born April 2, 1830, in Mount Vernon, 111. He received a common school education: was elected surveyor of Jefferson county in 1851; stud- led law, was admitted to the bar in 1858, but never practiced, engaging in agricult- ural pursuits, and is by occupation a farmer. He was elected a member of the state house of representatives of Illinois in 1856, and again in 1858; entered the union army in 1861 as private, was suc- cessively elected captain, lieutenant-col- onel, and colonel, and was brevetted brig- adier-general. He was a presidential elector on the Seymour and Blair ticket in 1868; was elected a member of the consti- tutional convention of Illinois in 1869; was elected to the state senate of Illinois Nov. 5, 1871, to fill a vacancy; and was elected to the forty-fourth congress as an independent reformer. ANDERSON, WILLIAM C. lawyer, congressman, was born Dec. 6, 1826, in Lancaster. Ky. He was educated at the college of Danville; and adopted the pro- fession of the law. He served in the Ken- tucky legislature in 1851 and 1853; wasa presidential elector in 1856; and in 1859 was elected a representative from Ken- tucky to the thirty-sixth congress. He died Dec. 23, 1861, in Frankfort. Ky. 44 HKRRIXGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ANDERSON, WILLIAM COLMAN, was born July 11. 1853. near Greeueville, Tenn. He was raised on a farm: graduated from Tusculum college in W7S: read law at Newport, Tenn., and was admitted to the bar in 1S78. He was elected to the state legislature from Cocke and Sevier coun- ties in 1880 as a republican: was chair- man of the republican congressional com- mittee for the first district for six years: was appointed a principal examiner of contested land claims in the general land office in 1889, and afterwards promoted for merit, first to chief of the contest di- vision, and then to chief clerk of the gen- eral land office. He was assistant secre-' tary of the republican national committee, with headquarters in New York, during the campaign of 1892, and took an active part in that campaign. He returned to Newport in the spring of 1893 to resume his law practice, and was nominated in 1894 and elected to the fifty-fourth con- gress as a republican. ANDERSON, WILLIAM J., lawyer, pub- lic official, was born May 20, 1854, in On- tario. Canada. He received his education in the public schools of the United States; has occupied the positions of receiver of public moneys: county auditor, and mayor of Grand Forks, N. D. He takes an active part in public aftairs: and was appointed a judge at the World's Columbian expo- sition. ANDERSON. WILLIAM PELBY. actor, manager, was born March 16. 1793, in Boston, Mass. He managed the Tremont; built the Warren theater: and appeared in London as Hamlet and Brutus. ANDREASEN, MATTHIAS N., clergy- man, orator, temperance advocate, was born May 2, 1871, in Denmark. In 1890 he entered the Danish Free Church semin- ary of Chicago; and subsequently gradu- ated from the Chicago Theological sem- inary. In 1893 he was ordained a clergy- man of the Presbyterian church, and filled a pastorate in St. Paul, Minn., until May, 1897. He then joined the Danish united evangelical Lutheran church in America, and now fills pastorates in two large Lutheran churches in Sioux City, Iowa. He was the editor of the Free Church Messenger, a religious weekly pub- lished by the synod of Minnesota: is an ardent temperance advocate: and has lectured extensively in that cause. ANDREW. JAMES OSGOOD, bishop, was born May 3, 1794, near Washington, Ga. He entered the South Carolina con- ference in 1812, was ordained deacon in 1814, received full ordination in 1816, preached on circuits in Georgia and North Carolina, was stationed at Savan- nah, Ch a r 1 e s t o n, Greensborough, and Athens, was presid- ing elder for several years, and in 1832 was chosen bishop by the general conference that met at Philadelphia. In 1846 the methodist epis- copal church, south, was organized as an independent body, in a general conference held at Petersburg, Va. Bishop Andrew presided as senior bishop over this organ- ization until his death. He published a volume of Miscellanies and a work on Family Government. He died March 1, 1871, in Mobile, Ala. ANDREW, JOHN ALBION, lawyer, governor, was born on May 31, 1818, in Windham, Maine. In 1837 he graduated from Bowdoin college; and in 1859 was elected a member of the Massachusetts state legislature. In 1860 he was elected governor of the state of Massachusetts and acquired the title of The Great War Governor. He was a member of the His- torical societies of Maine and Massachu- setts; declined various honorable and lucrative offices, and resumed the prac- tice of law. He died Oct. 30, 1867. A statue of marble in memoriam has been placed in the state house of Massachusetts in his honor. ANDREW, JOHN FORRESTER, law- yer, congressman, was born Nov. 24, 1850. in Hingham, Mass. He practiced law iii Boston; served three terms as member of the state house of representatives and two terms in the state senate; and was democratic candidate for governor in 1886 and was defeated. He was elected to the fifty-first congress, and re-elected to the fifty-second congress as a democrat. He died May 30, 1895, in Boston, Mass. ANDREWS, A. M., journalist, state sen- ator, was born Nov. 3, 1850, in Coopers- town. N. Y. He has been editor of several publications, and held various political offices in his county and state; and has also served as a member of the South Dakota state senate. ANDREWS, ALEXANDER BOYD, law- yer, author, was born Feb. 2, 1873. in Henderson, N. C. He has attained suc- cess in the profession of law at Raleigh. N. C; and is one of the compilers of the North Carolina Court Calendar for 1895- 97. ANDREWS, ANNIE M., nurse, was born in 1835 in New York. During the preva- lence of yellow fever at Norfolk, Va., in 1855, she became widely known for her earnest and devoted labors among those stricken by the epidemic. The Howard association subsequently presented her with a gold medal in acknowledgment of these services. ANDREWS, BYRON, journalist, author. was born Oct. 25, 1S52, in Argyle, Wis. He received his education at the Evans- ville seminary and Hobart college, of Geneva, N. Y. He went direct from col- lege to newspaper work; served as a re- porter on the Chicago Daily News; then on the Chicago Inter Ocean. In 1880 he accompanied Gen, Grant on a tour through the West Indies and Mexico as his secre- tary and as correspondent of the Chicago Inter Ocean and New York Tribune. Then for four years he was the Washington correspondent of the Chicago Inter Ocean and the St. Paul Pioneer Press. In 1884 he became connected with the National Tribune of Washington, D. C, and in 1897 became its owner. He is the author of Notes on the Russo-Turkish War; Biography of John A. Logan; and One of the People, a biography of President McKinley; besides various historical and controversial pamphlets, such as The Story of Cuba; President Monroe and His Doctrine; and others. He has also filled many public positions of trust. ANDREWS, CHARLES, lawyer, con- gressman, was born in 1814 in Paris. Maine. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He was a member of the state legislature from 1839 to 1843, and a portion of the time speaker of the house. He was a representative in con- gress from Maine from 1851 to the time of his death. He died April 30, 1852, in Paris Hill, Maine. ANDREWS, CHARLES BARTLETT, lawyer, state senator, jurist, governor, was born Nov. 4, 1831, in Sunderland, Mass. He received a classical education. graduating at Amherst college in 1858; studied law, and was admitted to the bar- in 1860; and settled at Litchfield. Conn. He was a state senator in 1868 and 1869; was a representative in the state legisla- ture in 1878; was governor of Connecti- cut from 1878 to 1880; and in 1882 was ap- pointed a judge of the superior court of Connecticut. ANDREWS, CHARLES McLEAN. edu- cator, author, was born in 1863, in Weth- ersfield. Conn. He graduated from Trin- ity college in 1884. and from the Johns Hopkins university in 1887: and since that time has been associate professor of history in Bryn Mawr college. He is the author of River Towns of Connecticut: Old English Manors; Historical Develop- ment of Modern Europe from the Con- gress of Vienna to the Present Time; and has also contributed sundry short articles to scientific journals. ANDREWS, CHRISTOPHER COLUM- BUS, lawyer, general, author, was born Oct. 27, 1829, in Hillsborough, N. H. He was a brevet major-general in the United States army, who was minister to Sweden 1869-77, and consul-general to Brazil 1882- 85. He is the author of Minnesota and Dakota; Practical Treatise on the Rev- enue Laws of the United States: Hints to Company Officers on Their Military Duties: History of the Campaign of Mo- bile: Digests of the Opinions of the At- torneys-General of the United States: and Brazil, Its Condition and Prospects. ANDREWS, CONSTANT A., banker. was born Feb. 25, 1S44, in New York city. He is president of The United States Savings bank and The Elkhorn Valley Coal Land Co.; a director of the Second Avenue Street railroad, and largely in- fiuential in other directions, where his interest and counsel are demanded. ANDREWS. EDMUND, surgeon, was born April 22, 1824. in Putney, Vt. He has filled the place of demonstrator of anatomy at the Rush Medical college of Chicago, and subsequently the chairs of the principles and practice of surgery and of clinical and military surgery in the Chicago Medical college, of which institu- tion he is one of the founders. In 185* he became surgeon to the Mercy hospital, and during the civil war he served in a similar capacity with the first Illinois light artillery. He is president of the Illinois state medical society and of the Chicago academy of sciences. Dr. An- drews was one of the founders of the Michigan state medical society, and is a trustee of Northwestern university. He is the author of a great number of articles in different branches of surgery which have been published in medical jour- nals and proceedings of the socie- ties to. which he belongs. Numerous im- provements in surgical apparatus and op- erations have been made by him; among them is the practical demonstration of the value of free incision, digital exploration, and disinfection of lumbar abscesses, a treatment previously forbidden. ANDREWS, EDWARD GAYER, meth- odist episcopal bishop, was born Aug. 7, 1825. in New Hartford, N. Y. He was graduated in 1847 from the Wesleyan uni- versity at Middletown, Conn., and, enter- ing the methodist ministry the following year, became in 1855 a teacher in Caze- novia, N. Y.. seminary, of which he was chosen president in 1855. In 1850 he was ordained an elder, and in 1864 became a preacher in the New York east conference. Dr. Andrews was elected a bishop in 1872. He has published semi-centennial ad- dresses delivered in 1875 and 1881, and other works. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA uF AMERICAN BIOGKAPHV. 45 ANDREWS, ELISHA, clergyman, an thor, was born Sept. 29, 1768, in Middle- town, Conn. He preached in various places in New Hampshire and Massachu- setts, and published, besides sermons and tracts, The Moral Tendencies of Univer- salism; Review of Winchester's Dia- logues on Universal Restoration; and a Vindication of the Distinguishing Senti- ments of the Baptists, and other works. He died Feb. 3, 1840. ANDREWS, ELISHA BENJAMIN, edu- cator, college president, author, was born in 1844 in New Hampshire. He is a prom- inent educator and president of Brown university; and the author of Institutes of General History; Institutes of Econom- ics; Brief Institutes of Our Economical History; An Honest Dollar; Eternal Words and Other Sermons; History of the United States; Wealth and Moral Law; and History of the Last Quarter Century in the United States. ANDREWS, ELIZA FRANCIS, educa- tor, botanist, author, was born Aug. 10, 1847, in Washington, Ga. Her father was Judge Garnett Andrews, an eminent jur- ist, and the author of Reminiscences of an Old Georgia Lawyer. She is the au- thor of A Mere Adventurer; Prince Hal; A Family Secret; How He Was Tempted; and In the Pine Lands of Georgia; be- oides numerous popular character sketches, and several meritorious poems, the most notable of which is entitled Haunted. She has lectured on various subjects; is a fine linguist, and probably the most accomplished field botanist in the south. ANDREWS, ETHAN ALLEN, educator, author, was born April 7, 1787, in New Britain, Conn. He was an educator who was at one time professor of ancient languages in the university of North Caro- lina. Besides a Latin-English Dictionary, he published a valuable series of classical text-books. He died March 4. 1858, in New Britain, Conn. ANDREWS, FRANCIS FOOTE, legis- lator, was born March 12, 1828, in East Haven, Conn. He has filled numerous public offices of trust, and in 1897-98 was a member of the Connecticut state legis- lature. ANDREWS, FRANK DE WITTE, anti- •quarian, was born Aug. 1, 1847, in South- ington. Conn. He settled in Vineland, N. J., and became interested in antiqua- rian pursuits. He has an extensive col- lection of autograph letters and docu- ments, and a library of Americana. He is the secretary and librarian of the Vine- land Historical and Antiquarian society, and has written extensively on historical subjects and numismatics. ANDREWS, GARNETT, lawyer, author, was born May 15, 1837, in Washington, Ga. He removed to Chattanooga, Tenn., in 1882, where he has since remained, prac- ticing his profession; and was elected mayor of Chattanooga in 1891. He is the author of Andrews' Digest of the Laws of Mississippi. ANDREWS, GEORGE ARTHUR, clergyman, educator, author, was born May 22. 1870, in Springfield, Mass. He at- tended Colby university and the Andover Theological school, and became instructor in mathematics in the English high school of Worcester, Mass. He has pre- pared a book on Composite Geometrical Figures. ANDREWS, GEORGE LEONARD, sol- dier, educator, was born Aug. 31, 1828. in Bridgewater. Mass. In 1851 he graduated from the United States Military academy; served with distinction through the civil war; and attained the rank of brigadier- general and brevet major-general of the United States volunteers. For several years he was United States marshal for the district of Massachusetts; and was professor of modern languages in the United States Military academy. ANDREWS, GEORGE R., congressman, was born in New York. He was a repre- .sentative in congress from the fourteenth congressional district in that state, from 1849 to 1851. ANDREWS, HENRY FRANKLIN, sol- dier, lawyer, state senator, genealogist, was born June 27, 1844, in Lovell, Maine. He served three years in the sixteenth in- fantry volunteers; was recorder of Audu- bon county, Iowa, in 1867-68; county judge in 1868; and state senator in 1892- 95. He has practiced law since 1869; and is the author of The Andrews Family; The Hamilton Family; and other works. ANDREWS, HENRY T., artist, state legislator, was born June 28, 1866, in Tarrytown, N. Y^. He is a successful artist of New York city. In 1895 he was elected a member of tlie New York state assembly, and received the re-election in 1896. and again in 1897. ANDREWS, ISRAEL WARD, college president, author, was born in 1815 in Connecticut. He was president of Mari- etta college. His only published work of importances a Manual of the Constitu- tion of the United States. He died in 1888. ANDREWS, JAMES R., lawyer, editor, was born Oct. 23, 1854, in East Windsor, Conn. In 1877 he received the degree of A. B. from Yale college; and two years later received the degree of LL. B. from the Yale law school. He has attained suc- cess in the profession of law at Hart- ford, Conn.; has been special prosecuting attorney; reporter of judicial decisions; and is the editor of the Connecticut Index Digest. ANDREWS, JANE, author, was born in 1833 in Massachusetts. She was a writer of Newburyport, Mass., whose books for children have long been deservedly popu- lar. She was the author of Seven Little Sisters Who Live on the Round Ball that Floats in the Air; The Seven Little Sis- ters Prove Their Sisterhood; The Stories Mother Nature Told; Ten Boys Who Lived on the Road from Long Ago to Now; and Only a Year and What It Brought. She died in 1887. ANDREWS, JOHN, clergyman, author, was born April 4, 1746, in Cecil county, Md. He taught a school in Yorktown; be- larae principal of the Philadelphia Epis- copal academy in 1785, and then professor of moral philosophy in the university of Pennsylvania, of which institution he was vice-provost until December, 1810, and after that provost until his death. He was the author of Elements of Logic. He died March 29, 1813, in Philadelphia, Pa. ANDREWS, JOHN T., congressman, was born in New York. He was elected a representative in congress from that state from 1837 to 1839. ANDREWS. JOSEPH, engraver, was born Aug. 17, 1806, in Hingham, Mass. His best known engravings made in America are from Stuart's head of Wash- ington and Rothermel's Plymouth Rock in 1620. He engraved portraits from paintings by Trumbull. G. P. A. Healy. and others, of Oliver Wolcott. John Q. Adams, Zachary Taylor, Jared Sparks, Amos Lawrence, and James Graham, and several ideal scenes after representative American painters. He died March 9, 1873, in Hingham, Mass. ANDREWS, JUDITH WALKER, phil- anthropist, was born April 26, 1826, in Fryeburgh, Maine. Since 1863 she has resided in Boston, Mass.; was left a wid- ow in 1869; and since 1876 has been president of tne South Friendly society. In 1886 she became president of the Wom- an's Auxiliary conference; and in 1889 became president of the National Alliance of Unitarian and Other Liberal Christian Women; and has always taken an active part in various charitable organizations. ANDREWS, LANDAFF W., lawyer, congressman, was born Feb. 12, 1803, in Fleming county, Ky. He graduated at Transylvania university in 1824; and commenced the practice of law in 1826. He was a member of the Kentucky legis- lature in 1834, and subsequently of the senate. In 1838 was elected a representa- tive in congress, serving from 1839 to 1843. ANDREWS, LOREN, educator, college president, was born April 1, 1819, in Ash- land county, Ohio. He filled various im- portant educational places until 1854, when he was elected president of Kenyon college. On the outbreak of the civil war. in 1861. President Andrews raised a com- pany in Knox county, of which he was made captain. He died Sept. 18, 1861, in Gambler, Ohio. ANDREWS, LORRIN, was born April 29, 1795, in East Windsor, Conn. He was educated at Jefferson college. Pa., and Princeton Theological seminary; sailed for the Hawaiian islands in November, 1827, and preached at Lahaina. In 1831 he established Lahainaluna seminary, which subsequently became the Hawaiian university, in which he was a professor for ten years. He translated a part of the Bible into Hawaii. In 1845 he was ap- pointed judge under the Hawaiian govern- ment, and was also secretary of the privy council. These offices he held for ten years. He prepared a Hawaiian diction- ary and several works on the literature and antiquities of the Hawaiians. He died Sept. 29, 1868, in Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. ANDREWS, MARIE LOUISE, journal- ist, author, was born Oct. 31. 1849, in Bed- ford, Ind. She was the originator of the Western Association of Writers, and for many years was its secretary. She has contributed extensively both prose and verse to the leading newspapers and magazines; and is an effective public speaker. ANDREWS. MARY GARARD. univer- salist minister, was born March 3, 1852, in Clarksburgh, Va. After five years of ser- vice in the free baptist church, she asso- ciated herself with the universalist church, and has been eminently success- ful in her pastorates in that denomina- tion. She is well known as a temperance and Grand Army worker; and for two .years was national chaplain of the Wom- en's Relief Corps. In 1888 she was mar- ried to Mr. I. R. Andrews, a noted lawyer of Omaha, Neb. ANDREWS, MAUDE ANNULET, au- thor, poet, was born Dec. 29, 1865. Mrs. J. K. Ohl is one of the most noted writers of the south, and a successful journalist and poet. ANDREWS, NEWTON LLOYD, college president, was born Aug. 14, 1841, in Fa- bius. N. Y. In 1865 he became adjunct professor of Latin in Colgate university, and in 1868 was elected professor of Greek language and literature, which position he still holds. On the death of President Dodge the charge of the college was com- mitted to Prof. Andrews as acting presi dent. 46 HKRRINRSHAWS KNC YCI.OPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGKAPHV. ANDREWS. ROBERT LEE. clergyman, journalist, was born March 1, 1867, in Yellow Hill. N. C. He is one of the most eminent clergymen of the missionary bap- tist church, and an impressive lecturer. He has been secretary of the Farmers' Al- liance, and filled various other public po- sitions of trust; and is also the editor and proprietor of The Times of Jefferson, N. C. ANDREWS. SAMUEL G., merchant, congressman, was born Oct. 16, 1799, in Derby, Conn. He received an academic education; removed, with his father, to Rochester, N. Y., in 1816; was occupied chiefly in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits; and was for several years mayor of Rochester. He was a member of the New York legislature in 1831 and 1832 from Monroe county, N. Y.; was post- master of Rochester; and was elected a representative from New York to the thirty-fifth congress. He died in 1863 in Rochester, N. Y. ANDREWS, SAMUEL JAMES, clergy- man, author, was born July 21, 1817, in Danbury, Conn. He is the brother of L W. Andrews, and an Irvingite clergyman of Hartford, Conn. He is the author of The Life of Our Lord upon Earth; and Gods Revelations of Himself to Men. ANDREWS, SHERLOCK J., lawyer, congressman, was born in 1801 In Wal- lingford. Conn. He graduated at Union college; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and practiced law. He was judge of the superior court of that state; and was elected a representative in congress from Ohio from 1841 to 1843. He died Feb. 11, 1880, in Cleveland, Ohio. ANDREWS, SIDNEY, journalist, au- thor, was born in 1837. He was a Boston journalist; and the author of The Art of Flying; and The South Since the War. He died in 1880. ANDREWS, STEPHEN PEARL, au- thor, was born March 22, 1812, in Temple- ton, Mass. He was an eccentric writer of New York city, the originator of phono- graphic reporting and at one period prom- inent as an abolitionist. Among his many and varied works are Basic Outline of Universalogy, in which he advocated the adoption of a universal language called Alwato; Discourses in Chinese; Compari- son of Common Law with Roman, French, or Spanish Laws on Entails and Other Limited Property; and Love, Marriage and Divorce. He died May 21, 1886, in New York city. ANDREWS, SUMNER A., soldier, mer- chant, educator, was born Dec. 29, 1844, in Johnson, Vt. For many years he was a successful merchant of Johnson; was a representative in the Vermont state legis- lature in 1SS4; has served as assistant judge of his county; and in 1889 was ap- pointed superintendent of the Vermont Industrial school of Vergennes. ANDREWS, TIMOTHY PATRICK, sol- dier, public official, was born in 1794, in Ireland. He fought in the battle of El Molino, and was brevetted a brigadier- general for gallantry at Chapultepec, Mexico. After the close of the war he was reinstated as paymaster, and subse- quently became paymaster of the army. He died March 11, 1868, in Washington, D. C. ANDREWS, W. H., merchant, state sen- ator, was born Jan. 14, 1842, in Youngs- ville. Pa. He was a member of the Penn- sylvania house of representatives; and was elected to the state senate in 1894. ANDREWS, WALLACE C, president of the New York Steam company. He was one of the promoters of the original Standard Oil Co.; was a director of the company for a long period of years and up to the formation of the trust, and is yet a large stockholder in the company. One of the most important of his enterprises is The New York Steam company, a con- cern which supplies steam for heat and power by underground pipes in various sections of New York city, and has in- itiated a new era in the management of office buildings, by enabling their pro- prietors to dispense with the annoyances attending the production of steam in their own premises. He is president of the company, and has managed its affairs with signal ability and success. He was lately president of The Standard Gas Light Co. of New York and is its largest stockholder. ANDREWS, WILLIAM DRAPER, in- ventor, was born May 23, 1818, in Grafton, Mass. He has received twenty-flve United States and nine foreign patents on pumps, oscillating steam engines, boilers, friction and differential power gearing, siphon gang wells and attachments, bal- anced valves, safety elevators, and other similar inventions. ANDREWS, WILLIAM B., educator, congressman, was born near Oskaloosa, Iowa. He entered Simpson college, Indi- anola, Iowa, in 1874; was elected superin- tendent of the schools of Ringgold coun- ty, Iowa, in 1879; graduated from Par- sons college, Fairfield, Iowa, in 1885; was a member of the faculty of Hastings (Neb.) college, 1885-93; elected vice-presi- dent of the college in 1889, and president of the Nebraska State Teachers' associa- tion in 1890. He was a member of the Nebraska republican state central com- mittee, 1891-»iJ; was private secretary to the Hon. Lorenzo Crounse, governor of Nebraska, 1893-94; and was elected to the fifty-fourth congress as a republican. ANDREWS. WILLIS W., journalist, was born Jan. 10, 1868, in Portland, Mich. After receiving his education he became a practical printer, and is now the presi- dent of the Muskegon Publishing com- pany. He is president of the Typo- graphical union, and has filled various other positions of honor. ANDRIDGE ANDREW ADELBERT, clergyman, lecturer, author, was born July 20 1863, in Hillsdale, Mich. He graduated in'l885 from the Chicago Theological sem- inary, and was ordained the same year. He has filled pastorates in Hawarden. Iowa; Prairie du Chien, Wis.; Sturgeon Bay, Wis.; and Columbia congregational church, Cincinnati, Ohio. He is the au thor of Wisconsin Church History, and has contributed extensively to religious periodicals. ANDROS, EDMUND, colonial governor, was born Dec. 6, 1637, In Island of Guern- sey. He was a governor of Connecticut, and in 1688 was made governor of all the English possessions on the mainland of America, and in 1692 royal governor of Virginia. He died Feb. 24, 1714. ANDROS, R. S. S.> public official, au- thor, was born in Berkeley, Mass. He edited several newspapers, was deputy collector in Boston for some years, and subsequently, as special agent of the treasury department, was engaged In re- organizing custom houses in the south. He was the author of the Customs Guide, a codification of the revenue laws; con- tributed poems to the Democratic Re- view, and published Chocoruna and Other Sketches. He died in August, 1868, in Berkeley, Mass. ANDROS, THOMAS, soldier, clergyman, was born May 1, 1759, in Norwich, Conn. He joined the revolutionary army at the age of sixteen, and was in the battles of Long Island and White Plains. In 1781 he enlisted on a privateer in New London, but was captured and confined in the Jersey prison-ship in New York. A few months later he escaped, and on the resto- ration of his health studied theology with Dr. Benedict in Plainfield, Conn. He was ordained at Berkeley in 1788. and for forty-six years remained in the ministry. He died Dec. 30. 1845, in Berkeley, Mass. ANDRUS, REUBEN, coHege president, clergyman, was born Jan. 29, 1829, in Watertown, N. J. He was principal of the Central academy of Springfield, 111.; and president of a women's college in Jack- sonville. After the war he reorganized Quincy (now Chaddock) college, Illinois; in 1867 went to Indiana, and was elected president of Asbury university in 1872. He died Jan. 17, 1887, in Indianapolis, Ind. ANDRUS, WESLEY P., soldier, educa- tor, state senator, was born Feb. 19, 1834, in Potter, N. Y. In 1861 he entered the forty-second Illinois volunteer infantry, and was soon commissioned first lieuten- ant; was promoted to a captaincy for meritorious service at Stone River. He has been four years a member of the com- mon council of Cedar Springs, Mich., and has been its mayor. In 1877 he served with distinction as a member of the Mich- igan state senate. ANDRUS. WILLIAM W., merchant, state senator, was born July 24, 1821, in Wyoming county, N. Y. He was a mem- ber of the constitutional convention of 1867; was assessor of internal revenue under Grant; and in 1881-82 served as a member of the Michigan state senate. ANGEL, WILLIAM G., congressman, was born in New Shoreham, R. I. He was elected a representative in congress from Burlington, N. Y., from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1833. ANGELL, GEORGE T., philanthropist, author, was born June 5, 1823, in South- bridge, Mass. He is the president of the American Humane Education society; the Massachusetts Society for the Preven- tion of Cruelty to Animals; and the Pre-Parent American Band of Mercy. He graduated from Dartmouth college In 1846 and from the Harvard university- Law school in 1851. He founded the Massachusetts society in 1868, and estab- lished a magazine entitled Our Dumb Animals. Since that time he has given his time and energy to the protection of dumb animals, establishing twenty thou- sand branches of The American Band of Mercy, and The American Humane Educa- tion society, in behalf of which he has employed missionaries to found humane societies in the south and west, and has caused the circulation of some two mil- lion copies of the book Black Beauty, and also of hundreds of thousands of copies of other humane prize stories and publica- tions. ANGELL, HENRY CLAY, educator, au- thor, was born Jan. 27, 1829, in Provi- dence, R. I. He is a professor of ophthal- mology in Boston university; and the au- thor of Diseases of the Eye; How to Take Care of Our Eyes; and Records of W. M. Hunt. ANGELL, JAMES BURRILL, educator. college president, diplomatist, was born Jan. 7, 1829, in Scituate, R. I. He gradu- ated from the Brown university in 1849; and during 1855-60 filled the chair of modern languages in that institution. In 1866 he became president of the university of Vermont; and since 1871 has been president of the university of Michigan. He has served as United States minister to China; and in 1897 was appointed United States minister to Turkey. He is the au- thor of Manual of French Literature; and Progress in International Law. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA UF A:MEKICAN BIOGRAPHY. 47 ANGELL. JOSEPH KINNICUT, author, was born April 30, 1794, in Providence, R. I. He was a legal writer of Rhode Island, among whose works are Treatise on the Common Law of Watercourses; The Law of Tide Waters; and The Lim- itation of Actions. He died May 1, 1857, in Boston. Mass. ANGELL, WILLIAM GORHAM, invent- or, was born Nov. 21, 1811, in Providence. R. I. In 1838 he became manager of the Eagle Screw com- pany, which subse- quently was merged into the American Screw company. His inventive mind was fertile in expedients for the improvement of machinery; and he was also a suc- cessful architect and builder, and a good draughtsman. H e was the inventor of the famous screw-making machine, which has revolutionized that business. He was a liberal supporter of public chari- ties. He died May 30, 1870, in Providence. R. I. His son, Edwin Gorham Angell. now conducts the business. ANGWIN, MATTIE W.. poet, was born Aug. 31, 1850, in Darke county, Ohio. She is a writer of Mount Vernon. Mo.; and her poems have appeared in the Toledo Blade and other prominent publications. ANSBACHER, ADOLPH BENEDICT, manufacturer, was born Oct. 4, 1832. in Germany. In 1852 he emigrated to New York and established a mercantile house, which was one of the foremost in that line of business. ANSORGE, CHARLES, musician, was born in 1807 in Germany. He taught music in an asylum at South Boston; and in 1863 became conductor of several mu- sical colleges in Chicago, 111. He wrote musical and political articles for several newspapers and periodicals. He died Oct. 28, 1866, in Chicago, 111. ANSPACH, FREDERICK RINEHART, clergyman, author, was born in January, 1815, in Central, Pa. He was a lutheran clergyman of Hagerstown, Md.; and is the author of Sons of the Sires; Sepulchres of Our Departed; and The Two Pilgrims. He died Sept. 16, 1867, in Baltimore, Md. ANTHON. CHARLES, educator, author, was born Nov. 19, 1797, in New York city. He was a noted classical scholar, for many years professor of ancient lan- guages at Columbia college. He was the author of some fifty classical text-books, including a Classical Dictionary. He died July 29, 1867, in New York city. ANTHON, JOHN, jurist, author, was born May 14, 1784, in Detroit, Mich. He was a jurist of New York city, and the author of Essay on the Study of Law; and Analysis of Blackstone. He died March 5, 1863, in New York city. ANTHONY, ANDREW V A R I C K STOUT, artist, was born in 1835 in New York city. Among his best-known works are the illustrations for Whittier's Snow Bound; Ballads of New England; and Mabel Martin: Longfellow's Skeleton :n Armor; and Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter. ANTHONY, AUGUSTA, lecturer, au- thor, was born May 25, 1844, In Rockland, Mass. As a lecturer she has gained emi- nent success in California. Mrs. An- thony Is the author of several, prose works and numerous poems of merit, and many of her poems have been set to music. ANTHONY, CHARLES EDWARD, nu- mismatist, was horn Dec. 6, 1822, in New York city. He was a son of John An- thon; was graduated at Columbia col- lege in 1839, and from 1853 until 1883 he held the chair of history and belles- lettres in the college of the city of New York. He was an enthusiastic collector of coins, and owned one of the most val- uable collections ever gathered in the United States. For some time he was president of the American numismatic society. He died June 7, 1883, in New York city. ANTHONY, CYRUS A., soldier, lawyer, jurist, was born April 29, 1839, in Hack- ettstown, N. J. He served four years in the fifty-first Illinois infantry, rising from private to captain. He moved to Missouri in 1870; prosecuting attorney of Nodaway county 1875-76; elected to the thirty-first general assembly; twice appointed on committees to settle with the state treas- ury; elected to the thirty-third general assembly; elected judge of the twenty- ninth circuit in 1886; and re-elected in 1892. ANTHONY, DANIEL READ, pioneer journalist, was born Aug. 22, 1824, in South Adams, Mass. He visited the state of Kansas in 1854, and while there helped to found the city of Lawrence. He lo- cated in Kansas at Leavenworth, and in 1863 was elected mayor of that city. He is the owner of the Leavenworth Times, now one of the most extensive newspaper establishments in the west. ANTHONY, GEORGE CHRISTIAN, lawyer, educator, was born March 19, 1820, in Red Hook, N. Y. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Henry Anthon; was graduated at Columbia college in 1839; studied law, and was admitted to practice at the New York bar. He re- moved to New Orleans and there began teaching, but returned to New York and was appointed professor of Greek in the university of the city of New York. He established the Anthon grammar school in 1854, and was its principal until his death. He died Aug. 11, 1877, in Yonkers, N. Y.- ANTHONY, GEORGE T., statesman. He was governor of Kansas from 1877 to 1879. ANTHONY, HENRY B., United States senator, was born April 1, 1815, in Cov- entry, Boston. He graduated at Brown university in 1833; in 1838 he assumed the editorial charge of the Providence Journal, which he retained until called to a seat in the United States senate. He was elected gov- ernor of Rhode Is- land in 1849; re- elected in 1850; and declined a further re-election; and was elected a senator in congress in 1859, and served until his death; was re-elected to the senate for the term ending in 1871. He was a member of the national com- mittee appointed to accompany the re- mains of President Lincoln to Illinois; was one of the senators designated by the senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866; was also a delegate to the Philadelphia loyalists' convention of 1S66. He died Sept. 2, 1884, in Providence, R. I. ANTHONY, JOHN GOULD, naturalist, author, was born May 17, 1804, in Provi- dence, R. I. He accompanied Agassiz on the Thayer expedition to Brazil in 1865. He was recognized as an authority on the American land and fresh water mollusca. He died Oct. 16, 1877, in Cambridge, Mass. ANTHONY, JOSEPH B., congressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He was elect- ed a representative in congress from that state from 1833 to 1838. He died Jan. 17, 1851, in Williamsport, Pa. ANTHONY, PHILIP FREDERICK, pa- triot, statesman, was born July 2, 1730. He held several public offices; was a member of the provincial council and of the general and state assemblies; judge of the court of common pleas; and a colo- nel of state militia. He was so conspicu- ous and ardent a patriot during the revo- lution that the British offered a reward for his head. In 1776, in company with a Mr. Potts, at Warwick furnace, he suc- cessfully cast an eighteen-pounder, the first cannon ever made in America He died Sept. 20, 1801, in Lancaster, Pa. ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL, woman suffragist, was born Feb. 15, 1820, in South Adams, Mass. Her father was a Quaker, and was proprietor of a small cotton mill, in which his daughter worked from an early age. Subsequently she at- tended school in Philadelphia, and taught school in the state of New York. She has participated in temperance and re- formatory movements. She is chiefly known as an ardent supporter of the political enfranchisement of women. At one time she edited a paper in New York called The Revolution. ANTHONY, WILLIAM ARNOLD, edu- cator, lecturer, electrical engineer, was born Nov. 17, 1835, in Coventry, R. I. For fifteen years during 1872-87 he was professor of physics at Cornell university, where he planned and equipped the phy- sical laboratory building, and organized and had charge of the department of electrical engineering. He is now a con- sulting electrical engineer of New York city; and part author of a Text-Book of Physics; and numerous papers presented before technical societies and in scien- tific periodicals. ANTHONY, WILLIAM HENRY, law- yer, legislator, was born Aug. 2, 1827, in New York city. He was admitted to the bar in 1848, and soon became distin- guished in its practice. In 1851 he served as member of the state legislature, and during the civil war he was judge- advocate-general on Gov. E. D. Morgan's staff. He died Nov. 7, 1875, in New York city. ANTONY, EDWIN LE ROY, lawyer, congressman, was born Jan. 5, 1852, near Waynesboro, Ga. He was admitted to practice in the courts of that state Jan. 8, 1874, and at once entered upon the duties of his pro- »«>.: H^K fession; two years ^^W later he was elected *»-. ^M county attorney of ^■j^, ^'f his county, the first ^HB[|k under the constitu- ^^P* ^ tion of 1876, being ^^^H ^^^^^ also ex-oflicio dis- ^^^_^3^^K^^^ trict attorney for his county; in 1886, during the illness of the regular district judge, he filled that office as special judge; in 1892, while an alderman of his city, was nominated and elected, June 14, 1892, to the fifty-second congress as a democrat. At the expiration of his term he returned to his home and resumed the practice of his profession, in which he is still engaged. He was, and still is, an ardent supporter and admirer of Presi- dent Cleveland, and is of the school of politics known as gold standard demo- crats. In 1876 he was married to Miss Augusta Houghton, a native Texan, and a daughter of Judge Joel A. Houghton, of Georgetown, Tex. 48 HERRINGSHAWS KNCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. APES, WILLIAM, author, was bora about 1800. He was an Indian preacher of the Pequot tribe: and published A Son of the Forest; Experiences of Five Chris- tian Indians of the Pequot Tribe; Indian Nullification; and a Eulogy on Kii;g Philip. APLIN, CHARLES BENJAMIN, physi- cian, was born June 17, 1869, in New Ply- mouth. Ohio. He attended the Columbus Medical college, Ohio, and graduated therefrom in 1892. He is one of Kansas' foremost physicians at Lamar. APPEL, DANIEL MITCHELL, physi- cian, surgeon, was born Oct. 28, 1854, in Philadelphia, Pa. He attended the Jef- ferson Medical college of Philadelphia. He was appointed assistant surgeon to the United States army in 1876, and pro- moted to surgeon in 1895, with the rank of major. APPEL. THEODORE, clergyman, au- thor, was born April 30, 1823, in East- man, Pa. From 1877 to 1886 he was gen- eral superintendent of home missions for the eastern part of the reformed church; and traveled on business connected with that office through Pennsylvania. Mary- land, Virginia, and North Carolina. Prom 1881 to 1886 he edited the Reformed Mis- sionary Herald. He has published Rec- ollections of College Life. APPLE, JOSEPH HENRY, JR., edu- cator, college president, was born Aug. 4, 1865. in Rimersburg, Pa. This success- ful educator has filled the chair of mathe- matics in several large institutions; and since 1893 has been president of the Wom- an's college of Frederick, Md. APPLE, THOMAS GILMORE, educator, was born Nov. 14, 1829. in Easton, Pa. He graduated from Marshall college in 1850, and, entering the ministry, was a pastor of the German Reformed church from 1853 to 1865. In the latter year he was chosen president of Mercersburg col- lege, which he left in 1871, and became a professor in the Lancaster Theological seminary. In 1878 he was elected presi- dent of Franklin and Marshall college. He edited for several years the Mercers- burg Review and the Reformed Quarterly Review. APPLEBURY, ELIZABETH M.. edu- cator, poet, was born Oct. 21, 1834, in Pal- myra, Mo. She graduated from the Female seminary of her native town, and soon afterward began educational work. She has contributed extensively to peri- odical literature, and her poems have been given a place in several standard works. APPLEGARTH, RUFUS W., lawyer, legislator, was born in 1845 in Baltimore. Md. He was called to the bar in 1867, and has been counsel in most of the lead- ing cases that have been tried in the court of appeals; has also appeared in the appellate and United States and local courts of Louisiana, 'Virginia, Delaware, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. He was elected to the general assembly of Maryland in the fall of 1895. APPLEGARTH, WILLIAM F., educat- 1 or, merchant, legislator, was born Feb. 11, 1842, in Golden Hill, Md. He taught school for fifteen years; has served with ■distinction as a member of the Maryland state legislature; and is now a successful merchant of his native city. APPLEGATE, 0. C, soldier, business man. He has been closely identified with the growth and prosperity of southern Oregon, and resides in Klamath Falls. APPLETON, DANIEL, publisher, the founder of the house of D. Appleton and Co., was born Dec. 10, 1785, in Haverhill, Mass. He began life as a dry-goods mer- chant in his native town; subsequently went to Boston, and in 1825 removed to New York. Here he began the importa- tion of English books in conjunction with the dry-goods business. Mr. Appleton soon abandoned the dry-goods business, thereafter giving his attention solely to the importation and sale of books. He died March 27, 1849, in New York. APPLETON, DANIEL, publisher, was born Feb. 24. 1852, in New York. In 1879 he was admitted into partnership with D. Appleton and Co. Possessing fine busi- ness qualifications, he has been an effi- cient member of the firm. Colonel Apple- ton has long taken an active part In New York city's favorite militia regiment, the seventh, of which, July 18, 1889, he was, by unanimous vote, promoted from a cap- taincy to the colonelcy. He is a director of the American Book company, and a member of the Union, Century, Aldine, Riding, and New York Yacht clubs. APPLETON, DANIEL S., publisher, was born April 9, 1824, in Boston, Mass. He attained success as one of the most prominent publishers in the United States. APPLETON, GEORGE S., author, was born Aug. 11, 1821, in Andover, Mass. He is the author of Picturesque America; Picturesque Europe; and Picturesque Pal- estine. He died July 7, 1878, in Riverdale, N. Y. APPLETON, JAMES, temperance re- former, was born Feb. 14, 1786, in Ips- wich, Mass. When a young man he was elected to the legislature of his native state, and during the war with Great Britain he served as a- colonel of Massa- chusetts militia; and after the close of the war was made a brigadier-general. During his subsequent residence at Port- land, Maine, he was elected to the legis- lature in 1836-37, but he returned finally to his native town, where he died. By his speeches and publications he exercised great infiuence upon public sentiment in favor of abolition and total abstinence. In his report to the Maine legislature in 1837 he was the first to expound the prin- ciple embodied in the Maine law. He died Aug. 25, 1862, in Ipswich, Mass. APPLETON, JAMES, general, was born Feb. 14, 1815, in Ipswich, Mass. He was an energetic champion of total absti- nence, and the first expounder of the prin- ciple underlying the Maine law. He died Aug. 25, 1882. APPLETON, JESSE, clergyman, edu- cator, college president, was born Nov. 17, 1772, in New Ipswich, N. H. In 1792 he graduated from Dartmouth college; and then for two years was an in- structor in Dover and in Amherst. In 1795 he was licensed •>^ / to preach, and for *m. "^ ten years filled a B^S.^ jL pastorate in Hamp- ^^^^7*^M^ ton. N. H. In 1803 ^^^^^ . ^^ be filled the chair ot ^m^ \ ^H theology at Cam- bridge; and in 1807 became president of Bowdoin college. A volume of his addresses has been pub- lished; and a selection from his sermons and poems has also been published in two volumes. He died Nov. 12, 1819, in Brunswick, Maine. APPLETON, JOHN, jurist, was born in 1804. He was a former chief justice of Maine; eminent as a legal reformer; and was the author of The Rules of Evidence Stated and Discussed. He died in 1891. ;^^ APPLETON. JOHN, physician, lecturer, author, was born Jan. 9. 1809. in Salem, Mass. In 1833 he graduated from the Harvard University Medical school, taking the Boylston prize. He attained emi- nence as a doctor of medicine, lecturer, and author, and was a member and as- sistant librarian of the Massachusetts His- torical society. He died February, 1869, in Cambridge, Mass. APPLETON. JOHN, journalist, diplo- mat, was born Feb. 11, 1815, in Beverly, Mass. He was admitted to practice law at Portland, Maine, in 1837. In 1857 he was appointed assistant secretary of state, and in 1860 was appointed United States minister to Russia. He died Aug. 22, 1864, in Portland, Maine. APPLETON, JOHN HOWARD, edu- cator, author, was born Feb. 3. 1844, in Portland, Maine. He has been a pro- fessor of chemistry at Brown university since 1868. He is the author of The Young Chemist; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis; and Chemistry of Non Metals. APPLETON, JOHN JAMES, diplomat- ist, was born Sept. 22, 1792, in Calais, France. While his father was United States consul at that place he graduated at Harvard university in 1813; was sec- retary of legation of the United States to Portugal from 1819 to 1822; to Spain from 1822 to 1825; charge d'affaires to the Two Sicilies in 1825, and to Sweden in 1826. He resided in France, where he owned a valuable estate. While at Stockholm he negotiated a treaty of commerce. He died March 4, 1864, in Rennes. France. APPLETON, JOHN W. M., soldier, farmer, adjutant-general of state, was born April 1, 1832, in Boston, Mass. He received his educa- tion in the Boston public schools, in the private schools o f Massachusetts, and the medical school of Harvard university. In 1852- 56 he was assistant librarian of the Bos- ton public library; and was clerk in the board of charities of that city. During the war, from 1862 to 1865, he served as a private soldier; was promoted to major of infantry, and subsequently as com- mander of battalion of six batteries of artillery. In 1865 he moved to West Vir- ginia, and there joined the national guards, in which he has served as captain, major, colonel, and brigadier-general; and since 1897 has been adjutant-general of West Virginia, APPLETON, NATHAN, manufacturer, congressman, was born Oct. 6, 1779, in New Ipswich, N. H. He became inter- ested in the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the three original found- ers of Lowell, Mass. He was at different periods a member of the legislature of Massachusetts; from 1831 to 1833 was a representative in congress from Massa- chusetts; and was again elected to con- gress in 1842, but soon resigned his seat. He died July 14, 1861, in Boston, Mass. APPLETON, NATHAN DANE, lawyer, legislator, was born in 1794 in Ipswich, Mass., on the farm which was bought in 1634-35 by his emigrant ancestor, Samuel Appleton. He repeatedly represented the town in the legislature; was once m the senate of Maine; and three times he was the candidate of his party for congress. In the winter of 1857 he was chosen by the legislature attorney-general of the state. He died in 1861. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 49 APPLETON, NATHANIEL, clergyman, was born Dec. 9, 1693, in Ipswich, Mass. He was educated at Harvard, taking his degree in 1712; studied theology, and was ordained Oct. 9, 1717, succeeding Mr. Brat- tle as congregational minister. From 1717 to 1779 he was one of the corpora- tion of Harvard university. He pub- lished sermons and occasional discourses. He died Feb. 9, 1784, in Cambridge, Mass. APPLETON, SAMUEL, merchant, phi- lanthropist, was born June 22, 1766, in New Ipswich. N. H. He was an importer; established cotton mills at Waltham and Lowell. Mass.; and at his death the sum of two hundred thousand dollars was dis- tributed among charities. APPLETON. THOMAS GOLD, artist. author, was born March 31, 1812, in Bos- ton. Mass. He was the author of A Sheaf of Papers; A Nile Journal; Windfalls; Syrian Sunshine; Chequer-Work; and Faded Leaves, a volume of verse. He died April 17. 1884, in New York. APPLETON, WILLIAM, merchant, con- gressman, was born Nov. 16, 1786, in Brooklyn, N. Y. He was educated for mercantile pursuits, in which he was en- gaged extensively and successfully for more than fifty years. He took a promi- nent part in various public and benevo- lent enterprises; and gave much attention to banking and financial operations. In 1850 was elected a representative in con- gress from Massachusetts; was re-elected in 1852; and was also elected to the thir- ty-seventh congress. He died Feb. 20. 1862. in Longwood, near Boston, Mass. APPLETON, WILLIAM HENRY, pub- lisher, was born Jan. 27, 1814, in New York city, and is a son of Daniel Apple- ton. In 1835 he was sent to represent the house in London, where he established an agency. In 1838 he was taken into partnership. At his father's death, in 1849. he inherited a moderate estate, which lie has since increased by his own energetic prosecution of the business and by active participation in other enter- prises. Under his management the house devoted itself entirely to the sale of its own publications, and has come to rank among the half dozen leading publishing houses of the United States. APPLETON, WILLIAM WORTHEN, publisher, was born Nov. 29, 1845, in Brooklyn, N. Y., a son of William H. Ap- pleton. In recent years he has given more of his time to the editorial depart- ment and the London office. He is a di- rector in the American Book company, a corporation founded in 1»90, with a capi- tal of $5,000,000; and is actively identified with the New York Free library, of which he was one of the founders, and has held continuously the chairmanship of the li- brary committee. APSLEY, LEWIS DEWART. manufac- turer, congressman, was born Sept. 29, 1852, in Northumberland, Pa. At the age of fifteen he removed to Philadelphia, and immediately engaged in active busi- ness pursuits, early identifying himself with the rubber goods trade. He re- moved to Massachusetts in 1877. and es- tablished himself in 1885 as a manufac- turer of rubber clothing in Hudson. He is president and treasurer of the Apsley Rubber company; president of the Millay Last company; president of the Hudson Board of Trade; a director in the Hudson National bank; and identified with many other enterprises. He was elected to the fifty-third, and re-elected to the fifty- fourth congress as a republican. APTHORP, \\^LLIAM FOSTER, au- thor, was born in 1848 in Massachusetts. He is a musical newspaper critic of Bos- 4 ton, and the author of Musicians and Mu- sic-Lovers, and Other Essays. He has translated Zola's Jacques Damour. ARBUCKLE, CHARLES, coffee import- er, was born in 1833 in Allegheny City, Pa. His early years were passed in Allegheny City, Pa., where he became a prominent wholesale grocer. In 1871 Mr. Arbuckle. with his brother John, established a fac- tory for the preparation of roasted and ground coffee in Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1875 transferred all his interests to that city. He died March 27, 1891, in Brook- lyn, N. Y. ARBUCKLE, JOHN, importer and man- ufacturer. _ He spent his early life in Alle- gheny, Pa. In 1871 he engaged with his brother Charles in the preparation of roasted and ground coffee, their factory being located in Brooklyn; and he is now head of the firm of Arbuckle Brothers. He is also a director in the Importers' and Traders' bank, and is president of the Royal Horse association, a syndicate own- ing ranches in Wyoming. ARBUCKLE. JOHN CHALMERS, sol- dier, educator, clergyman, was born July 27, 1847, in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1864 he enlisted in the fourth regiment. Iowa volunteer in- fantry, and served as a private soldier till the close of the war. He taught school for several years, and in 1874 graduated from the Ohio Wes- leyan university of Delaware. For a quarter of a century he has been a cler- gyman of the methodist episcopal church, his principal pastorates being in Colum- bus and Zanesville, Ohio. For four years he was presiding elder on the Gallipolis district, and is now presiding elder of the Columbus district. He has twice been a member of the general conference of the methodist episcopal church; and for two years served as a member of the general missionary board of that denomination. ARBURY, FREDERICK WALTER, ed- ucator, was born Nov. 8, 1856, in Flint, Mich. He received the rudiments of his education in the Flint public schools, and in 1883 graduated from the university of Michigan. For five years he was su- perintendent of public schools of Flint, Mich.; three years at Houghton; and four years at Battle Creek. Since 1895 he has been connected with a Boston publishing house. ARCHBALD, ROBERT WODROW, law- yer, jurist, was born Sept. 10, 1848, in Carbondale, Pa. He graduated from Yale colleg? in 1871; in 1884 was elected addi- tional law judge of the forty-fifth judicial district of Pennsylvania. He has since been president judge of the said district, receiving the re-election in 1894 for an- other ten years. ARCHBOLD, JOHN DUSTIN, oil re- finer, was born July 26. 1848. in Leesburg. Ohio. In 1864 he joined the rush to the Pennsylvania oil regions, and spent eleven years there in various branches of the petroleum industry. He rose to prominence, and has long been the chief proprietor and president of the Acme Oil company. Since 1875 he has been identi- fied with the Standard Oil company, and a director since its organization, and is now vice-president of the Standard Oil company, of New York. He is president of the trustees of Syracuse university, and a director of the post-graduate hos- pital and training school and St. Christo- pher's home and orphanage. ARCHER, BRANCH T., Texan revolu- tionist, was born In 1790 in Virginia. He studied medicine in Philadelphia, and was for many years a physician and poli- tician in his native state, being a member of the legislature several times. In 1831 he removed to Texas and became a prom- inent actor in the movements prelimi- nary to the revolution. In 1835 he pre- sided over the famous consultation held by the American settlers, and with Col. Stephen Austin and N. H. Wharton formed a board of three commissioners to solicit aid from the United States in the struggle for Texan independence. He was a member of the first Texan congress in 1836, and afterward went to Washing- ton, where he became speaker of the house of representatives and secretary of war from 1839 to 1842, when by reason of ill- health he was obliged to retire to private life. He died Sept. 22, 1856, in Texas. ARCHER, HENRY HAYES, street rail- way manager, was born July 1, 1860, in Rokeby, Pa. He is president of the Val- ley Railway company, of Scranton, and vice-president of the People's Railway company of Scranton, and the system of which he is manager comprises thirty- eight miles of road, owned by seven dif- ferent companies, though operated by the Scranton Traction company. ARCHER. JOHN, soldier, physician, congressman, was born June 6, 1741, in Harford county, Md. At the commence- ment of the revolution he had command of a military company; was a member of the state legislature; and after the war practiced his profession. He was a pres- idential elector in 1797; and was a repre- sentative in congress from Maryland from 1801 to 1807. As a medical man he commanded great influence, and several discoveries were made by him which have been adopted by the profession. He died in 1810 in Harford county, Md. ARCHER, STEVENSON, jurist, con- gressman, was born in Harford county, Md. He graduated at Princeton college in 1805; was a judge of the court of ap- peals; was elected a representative in con- gress from Maryland from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed judge in Missis- sippi territory; and was chosen a repre- sentative in congress again from 1819 to 1821. In 1845 he was appointed chief jus- tice of Maryland. He was the son of John Archer. He died June 5, 1848, in Harford county, Md. ARCHER, STEVENSON, lawyer, con- gressman, was born Feb. 28, 1827, In Har- ford county, Md. He graduated at Prince- ton college in 1846; adopted the profes- sion of the law; was a member of the Maryland legislature in 1854; in 1866 was elected a representative from Maryland to the fortieth congress; and was re- elected to the forty-first, forty-second, and forty-third congresses. His father, bearing the same name, and his grand- father, John Archer, were both repre- sentatives in congress from the same dis- trict which he represented. ARCHER, WILLIAM S., United States senator, was born March 5, 1789, in Ame- lia countv, Va. He studied law, and in 1812 was elected to the Virginia state leg- islature, where he served, excepting one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was elected a representative in congress from_ Vir- ginia, where he remained until 1835. In 1841 he was elected to the United States senate, where he remained until 1847, having from the first been placed at the head of the committee on foreign rela- tions in that body. He died March 28, 1855, in Amelia county, Va. 50 HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF . AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ARCHIBALD, ANDREW WEBSTER, clergyman, author, was born in 1S51 in New York. He is a congregational cler- gyman of prominence in Iowa; and the author of The Bible Verified. ARCHIBALD, GEORGE D., college president, was born Feb. 15, 1820, in Washington county, Pa. From 1861-66 was pastor of the First presbyterian church of Madison, Ind.; in 1866-70 presi- dent of Hanover college; and from 1S73- 74 was president of Wilson Female semi- nary of Chambersburg, Pa. ARENTS. ALBERT, metallurgist, was born March 14, 1840, in Germany. After coming to the United States he was vari- ously occupied as mining superintendent, and also in charge of metallurgical mills and smelting works in Arizona, Califor- nia, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. He has contributed valuable technical papers to the Transactions of the American In- stitute of Mining Engineers, and has in- vented numerous appliances. AREY, HARRIETT ELLEN GRANNIS, journalist, author, was born April 14, 1819, in Cavendish, Vt. She has been ed- itor of various publications; was one of the founders and the first president of the Ohio Woman's State Press association, which office she still holds. For many years she has been president of an active literary and social club of Cleveland, Ohio. Her principal writings are House- hold Songs and Other Poems; and Home and School Training. ARKELL, JAMES, manufacturer, state senator, was born in England. During the civil war he invented a machine for the manufacture of paper sacks; and has erected a number of manufacturing es- tablishments of Arkell and Smiths in sev- eral of the largest cities. In 1883 he was elected to the New York senate, and be- came immediately one of its leading mem- bers. ARKINS, JOHN, soldier, journalist, was born Feb. 14, 1842, in Fayette county, Pa. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the fifth Minnesota infantry, and served until 1864. In 1880 he purchased a con- trolling interest in the Denver Rocky Mountain News, of which he has since been the manager and chief editor. ARMBRUSTER, SARA DARY, journal- ist, philanthropist, was born Sept. 29, 1862, in Philadelphia, Pa. She has been a successful business woman; originated in Philadelphia the Woman's Exchange; and is the proprietor of The Woman's Journal, a weekly paper devoted to the cause of women. ARMFIELD, HYATT JACKSON, farm- er, banker, was born in High Point, N. C, which has always been his home. He is a successful farmer; president cf the National bank of High Point; direct- or of the Greensboro National bank; and is also prominent in various other busi- ness enterprises. ARMFIELD, ROBERT FRANKLIN, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born July 9, 1829, in Guilford county, N. C. He received a collegiate education; adopt- ed the profession of the law; was county attorney from 1855 to 1861; state solicitor for the sixth district from 1863 to 1865; served in the confederate army as lieu- tenant-colonel during the war of the re- bellion; was president of the state senate and lieutenant-governor in 1875 and 1876; and was elected a representative from North Carolina to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses. ARMIN, CHARLES E.. lawyer, poet, was born Dec. 27, 1853, in De Kalb, St. Lawrence county, N. Y. He finished his education at the State Normal school at Pottsdam, N. Y. In 1878 he moved out west, and five years later commenced the practice of law; has become prominent in that profession; and is well known as an able lawyer of Waukesha, Wis.; and for two years was district attorney of Waukesha county. His writings have ap- peared in various publications; and his poems have been given a place in stand- ard works. ARMINGTON, JAMES HERVEY, sol- dier, consulting engineer, legislator, was born Aug. 10, 1827, in Providence, R. I. In the civil war he served as first lieuten- ant and quartermaster in the tenth regi- ment, R. I. Volunteers. He also served as lieutenant, captain, and colonel of the sixth regiment, R. I. M. Has been a member of the city council of Providence and of the town council of East Provi- dence; and a state repi'esentative since May, 1896. ARMISTEAD, GEORGE, soldier, was born April 10, 1780, in Newmarket, Va. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for his successful defense of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, against the British fleet, under Admiral Cochrane, Sept. 14, 1814. His steadfast bravery on this occasion no doubt saved Baltimore from capture, and the citizens presented him with a hand- some service of silver, the centerpiece be- ing in the form of a bombshell. He died April 25. 1818, in Baltimore, Md. ARMISTEAD, LEWIS ADDISON, sol- dier, was born Feb. 18, 1817, in Newbern, N. C. He served in the Mexican war, and for gallant services attained the rank of major. He also served in the civil war; and rose to the rank of brigadier- general. He died July 3, 1863. ARMITAGE, THOMAS, clergyman, au- thor, was born Aug. 2, 1819, in England. He is a prominent baptist clergyman of New York city; and is the author of Jesus, His Self Introspection; Lectures on Preaching; and History of the Bap- tists. ARMOR, CHARLES LEE, jurist, was born in Virginia. He was appointed from Maryland an associate judge of the United States court for the territory of Colorado. ARMOUR, ANDREW W., banker, was born Jan. 27, 1829, in Stockbridge, N. Y. In 1878 he located in Kansas City, and be- came president of the Armour Brothers Banking company. He subsequently be- came vice-president of the Midland Na- tional bank, when it succeeded to the bus- iness of the Armour bank, and was one of the directors of the Armour Packing company. ARMOUR, HERMAN OSSIAN, mer- chant, was born March 2, 1837, in Stock- bridge, N. Y. The packing business of the Armour brothers is conducted on a stu- pendous scale. Their abattoirs in Chi- cago are of immense capacity. Thous- ands of animals are slaughtered there every day. The firm not only supply mil- lions of the people of the United States annually with fresh meats, through the method of distribution by refrigerator cars, but they are the largest shippers of cured goods across the ocean for the sup- ply of western Europe. They give em- ployment in their several industries to upward of fifteen thousand persons, while the auxiliary branches of the business attain to the number of about three hun- dred. Herman O. Armour is now one of the most respected merchants of New York city, and has identified himself thoroughly with the business and social life of the metropolis. ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH, mer- chant, was born May 16, 1832, at Stock- bridge, N. Y. Of all the Armour broth- ers, Philip has probably attracted to him- self more public attention than any of the others by reason of his remarkable personality and his practical philanthro- py, in which, however, he has been sus- tained by the liberality of the other brothers. The Armour mission, one of the most conspicuous institutions in Chi- cago, has b^en developed through his ac- tivity, originality and generosity from an humble beginning to colossal magnitude. The youngest brother, Joseph, who died Jan. 5, 1881, bequeathed $100,000 in his will for the founding of a mission in Chi- cago, to be conducted on certain novel lines. As the executor of the estate, Philip D. Armour became peculiarly in- terested in the carrying out of the trust imposed upon him. The mission repre- sents the sum of $3,000,000. ARMOUR, SIMEON B., merchant, was born Feb. 1, 1828. He is the oldest of the Armour brothers. In the development of the vast industry created by these ener- getic men he was an active participant. The Kansas City branch came more di- rectly under his supervision and for many years he has been the leading commercial spirit in that active and thriving empo- rium. He lacks nothing of that keen business judgment which is so pre-emi- nently a family trait. ARMS, MRS. MARY P. S., poet. She is a writer of Beckwith, Cal. ; and her poems have constantly appeared in the press and in several standard publications. ARMSBY, JAMES H., physician, was born Dec. 31, 1809, in Sutton, Mass. He conceived the idea of founding a univer- sity in Albany, raised ten thousand dollars for the object, and deliv- ered in that city the first American course of medical lectures illustrated with dis- sections of the human body. He was one of the originators of the Young Men's Christian association, and was also in- strumental in founding the Dudley ob- servatory. He died Dec. 3, 1875, in Al- bany. N. Y. ARMSTRONG, ADDISON F., merchant, was born April 1, 1835, in Clinton county, Ohio. He was elected in 1870 to the In- diana state senate, and held that position three terms, or until 1874, serving also in that time through the special session of 1872. He became a merchant in Koko- mo, Ind. ARMSTRONG, DAVID H., educator, public official, was born Oct. 21, 1812, in Nova Scotia. He received an academic education; was a teacher for eighteen years; and in 1837 removed to Missouri, opening, in 1838, and conducting in St. Louis the first public school established under the laws of that state. In 1847 he was appointed comptroller of the city of St. Louis, and reappointed in 1848 and 1849; and in 1854 was appointed postmas- ter of St. Louis. He was appointed a United States senator to fill a vacancy. ARMSTRONG, DAVID MAITLAND, artist, was born about 1837 in Newburg, N. Y. He was graduated at Trinity col- lege, Hartford, in 1858; studied law in New York; and practiced that profession for a short time. It soon became evident to him that his choice of the law was a mistake, and he turned his attention to art. He studied in Rome and Paris under the best teachers, and divided his time mainly between Italy and New York. For four years he was United States consul general for Italy, resident at Rome, and was director of the American art depart- ment at the Paris exposition of 1878, when he received the decoration of the Legion of Honor. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 51 ARMSTRONG, GEORGE DODD, cler- gyman, author, was born Sept. 15, 1813, in Mendham, N. J. He is a presbyterian clergyman or Norfolk, Va.; and the au- thor of The Summer of the Pestilence: The Doctrine of Baptisms; The Christian Doctrine of Slavery; Theology of Chris- tian Experience; The Sacraments of the New Testament; and The Books of Na- ture and Revelation, a criticism of the theory of evolution. ARMSTRONG, GEORGE WASHING- TON, business man, was born Aug. 11, 1836, in Boston, Mass. In 1865 he pur- chased a local baggage express, and at once organized Armstrong's Transfer, which he soon raised to be a business of importance and magnitude. He owns the news business on the entire Hoosac Tunnel line; and is a director of a num- ber of business corporations. ARMSTRONG, HENRY CLAY, legislat- or, was born June 1, 1840, in Lafayette, Ga. He received his education at the Howard college. During 1876-80 he served as a member of the Alabama state senate; in 1880-84 was state superintend- ent of education of Alabama; in 1884-85 was a member of the Alabama house of representatives; and filled the chair of speaker in that body; and during 1885-89 he served as consul-general of the United States to -Brazil. He has filled various high positions in the Masonic lodge; has been grand secretary of the Masonic grand bodies; and since 1892 has been recorder of the grand commandery of Alabama. ARMSTRONG, JAMES, soldier, con- gressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He served as a colonel in the successful de- fense of Fort Moultrie, Charleston har- bor, in the summer of 1776, and command- ed the Pennsylvania militia in the defense of Germantown in October, 1777. He was a member of congress from 1793 till his death. He died March 3, 1795, in Carlisle, Pa. ARMSTRONG, JAMES, naval officer, was born Jan. 17, 1794, in Shelbyville, Ky. He commanded the East India squad- ron in 1855, and assisted at the capture of the barrier forts near Canton, China, in 1857. He was in command of the navy yard at Pensacola, Fla., when that state seceded in 1861; and surrendered without resistance when a greatly superior mili- tary force demanded possession. In 1866 he was promoted to be commodore. He died Aug. 27, 1868. ARMSTRONG, JAMES P., naval officer, was born Nov. 20, 1817, in New Jersey. He was passed midshipman in 1838; pro- moted lieutenant in 1842; and was com- missioned captain in 1862. He died April 19, 1873, in New Haven, Conn. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, general, con- gressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He distinguished himself ia the Indian wars, and was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776 congress pro- moted him from the rank of colonel to that of brigadier-general, and he assisted In the defense of Fort Moultrie, and in the battle of Germantown. In 1777 he re- signed his commission in consequence of dissatisfaction as to rank; was subse- quently elected a representative to con- gress from Pennsylvania, serving from 1793 to 1795; and also held a number of other honorable offices. He died March 9, 1795, in Carlisle, Pa. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, general, con- gressman, author, was born Nov. 25, 1758, in Carlisle, Pa. He served as an officer in the revolutionary war. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the grievances of the officers of the army, he prepared the celebrated Newburgh Let- ters; was a delegate to the continental congress in 1778 and 1787, from Pennsyl- vania; was made secretary of state and artjvitant-general of the state; to him was intrusted the direction of the last Penn- sylvania war against the Connecticut set- tlers of Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to the senate of the United States, serving from 1800 to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chan- cellor Livingston from the French em- bassy, he was commissioned minister in his place, in 1804; and was also appointed a commissioner plenipotentiary to Spain. Returning to his own country, he was ap- pointed a brigadier-general in 1812; and in 1813, secretary of war. He was the author of Notes on the War of 1812; Treatise on Gardening; Treatise on Agri- culture; and other works. He died April 1, 1843, in Red Hook, N. Y. ARMSTRONG, MOSES K., surveyor, journalist, statesman, was born Sept. 19, 1832, in Milan, Ohio. He was educated at the Western Reserve college; removed to Minnesota in 1856; was elected sur- veyor of United States lands; on the ad- mission of Minnesota as a state, removed to Yankton, on the Missouri river; on the organization of Dakota, in 1861, was elect- ed to the first territorial legislature, and re-elected in 1862 and 1863, serving the last year as speaker; was editor of The Dakota Union in 1864; was elected ter- ritorial treasurer; appointed clerk of the supreme court in 1865; elected to the ter- ritorial senate in 1866; and chosen presi- dent in 1867. He published the first his- tory of Dakota in 1867; acted as secre- tary to the Indian peace commission to the Sioux; and from 1866 to xood estab- lished the base-lines for United States surveys in southern Dakota, and the northern Red river valley. He was agajn elected to the territorial senate in 1869; established the first democratic newspaper in the territory; and was chosen presi- dent of the First National bank of the territory in 1872. He was elected dele- gate to the forty-second and forty-third congresses. ARMSTRONG, P. B., financier, was born Feb. 3, 1847, in Franklin county, Ind. He holds the presidency of three different fire insurance companies, and is a mem- ber of the leading clubs of the metropol- itan districts. ARMSTRONG, ROBERT, soldier, was born in 1790 in Tennessee. He command- ed a company of Tennessee artillery under Jackson in the Creek war of 1813-14 with distinguished bravery. He again distin- guished himself at the battle of New Or- leans, and in 1836, as brigadier-general, commanded the Tennessee mounted vol- unteers at the battle of Wahoo swamp. He was postmaster at Nashville from 1829 to 1845, when he was sent as consul to Liverpool, remaining until 1852. He sub- sequently became the proprietor and ed- itor of the Washington Union, and was the confidential adviser of Mr. Polk during his presidency. Gen. Jackson bequeathed to him his sword. He died Feb. 23, 1854, in Washington, D. C. ARMSTRONG. ROBERT, lawyer, legis- lator, was born September, 1846, in Green- wich, N. Y. He received his education at the South Hartford academy. Fort Ed- ward Collegiate institute, and the Union college of Schenectady, N. Y. He was a member of the New York state assembly for two terms, in 1881-82 and in 1882-83; and while a member of that body served on the judicial committee, and on general laws. He has attained prominence in his state as an astute and able lawyer. ARMSTRONG, SAMUEL C, soldier, ed- ucator, was born Jan. 30, 1839, in Hawaii. He served in the civil war, and in 1865 was brevetted brigadier-general. He laid the foundation of the now celebrated Hampton Normal and Agricultural insti- tute; and has helped build many other institutions. ARMSTRONG, SAMUEL T., governor of Massachusetts, was born in 1784 in Massa- chusetts. He was a bookseller in Boston, and among other works published a stereotype edition of Scott's Family Bible, which was widely circulated. He became mayor of Boston and lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, and in 1836 the elec- tion of Governor Davis to the United States senate made him governor for the remainder of the term. He died March 26, 1850. ARMSTRONG, SARAH B., educator, physician, surgeon, was born July 31, 1857, near Cincinnati, Ohio. She taught school for several years, and in 1886 took her first degree in regular medi- cine, and has received the degrees of B. A., M. A. and M. D. Since 1891 she has practiced her profession with suc- cess in Bay City, Mich. ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM, lawyer, con- gressman, was born Dec. 23, 1782, in Ire- land. He studied law in Winchester, Va.; he was a member of the Virginia house of delegates; in 1822-23, a member of the board of public works; in 1820-24 was a presidential elector. He was a representa- tive in congress from 1825-33. ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM DAWSON, musician, composer, was born Feb. 11, 1868, in Alton, 111. He received his edu- cation at the Alton public schools and at Shurtleff college. In 1889 he was elected to a professorship in Forest Park univer- sity of St. Louis, Mo.; and in 1891-96 be- came director of the Shurtleff School of Music of Alton, 111. As an organist and composer he has attained national re- pute. ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM H., lawyer, congressman, was born Sept. 7, 1824, in Williamsport, Pa. He graduated at Princeton college in 1847; and adopted the profession of the law. He was elected to the state legislature in 1860-61; and was elected a representative from Pennsyl- vania to the forty-first congress. In 1882 he was appointed commissioner of rail- roads in the department of the interior. ARNELL, SAMUEL M., educator, manu- facturer, congressman, was born May 3, 1833, in Maury county, Tenn. In 1859 he went into (he business of manufacturing leather; in 1861 took an active interest In putting down the rebellion, and suffered in person and property from the con- federate army. He was elected to the Tennessee legislature, and advocated the passage of the constitutional amendment in 1865. He was elected a representative from Tennessee to the thirty-ninth con- gress, and re-elected to the fortieth and forty-first congresses. ARNETT, BENJAMIN W., bishop, au- thor, was born March 6, 1838, in Browns- ville, Pa. He was chosen bishop in 1888. and appointed to the episcopal district of South Carolina and Florida. He is the author of The Light Along the Jordan; and Fifty Years in the Field. ARNOLD, ALBERT NICHOLAS, clergy- man, author, was born Feb. 12, 1814, in Cranston, R. I. He was a baptist clergy- man who held professorships in several baptist seminaries successively; and was the author of Pre-requisites to Commun- ion; Evils of Infant Baptism; and One Woman's Mission. He died Oct. 11, 1883, in Cranston, R. I. 52 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ARNOLD, ALEXANDER C, educator, lawyer, legislator, railroad president, was born Oct. 20, 1833, at Rhinebeck, N. Y. He received an academic education; grad- uated from the law school; and prac- ticed law in Wisconsin until 1862. He served with distinction in company C, thirtieth regiment Wisconsin volunteer infantry, and was promoted to captain. He has been county sunerintendent of schools; district attorney; member of the state senate of Wisconsin, and also of the assembly. He has been president of the Wisconsin State Agricultural so- ciety; president of the Galesville and Mississippi Railroad company, and filled various other offices of honor. ARNOLD, BENEDICT, soldier, con- gressman, was a member of the assembly of New York from Amsterdam. Mont- gomery county, in 1816 and 1817; and was a representative in congress from that state from 1829 to 1831. ARNOLD, BENEDICT, governor of Rhode Island, was born Dec. 21, 1615, in England. He lived for some time in Providence, and in 1637 was one of thir- teen who signed a compact agreeing to subject themselves to any agreements made by a majority of the masters of families. In 1645 his knowledge of the native tongues gained him the office of messenger to negotiate with the Indians, and on one occasion they accused him of misrepresentation. In 1653 he moved to Newport, and in 1654 was elected assist- ant for that town. In 1657 he was one of the purchasers of the island of Conariicut. On May 19, 1657, Roger Williams having retired from the presidency of the colony. Arnold was elected to the office, and he was again assistant in 1660. On May 22. 1662, he was again elected president, and under the royal charter given in 1663 he was the first governor of the colony. To this oflice he was re-elected in May. 1664, and in 1669, 1677, and 1678. Gov. Arnold was instrumental in bringing about the reconciliation and union of the two col- onies of Rhode Island and Providence plantations. He died June 20, 1678. ARNOLD, BENEDICT, soldier, was born in January, 1740, in Norwich. Conn. He fought nobly for freedom until 1778, when his passions got the better of his judgment and conscience, and he became a traitor and joined the British army. He went to England after the war, and died June 14. 1801, in London. ARNOLD, GEORGE, journalist, poet, was born June 24, 1834, in New York city. He was a journalist and poet of New- York city, whose verse is musical without being especially strong. He was the au- thor of Drift and Other Poems; and Poems Grave and Gay. He died Nov. 3, 1865, in Strawberry Farm, N. J. ARNOLD, HARRIET EUDORA PRITCHARD, poet, was born Dec. 24, 1858, in Killingly, Conn. She is the au- thor of a number of meritorious poems and sketches which have appeared in various magazines and periodicals under the signature of H. E. P. She is the wife of Ernest Warner Arnold of Providence, R. I. ARNOLD, HENRY F., lawyer, educator, was born Dec. 2, 1855, in Newport, Iowa. He attended the Western college of Iowa and State university of Iowa, from which he graduated in classical course in 1881; and from the law school of the same university in 1884, receiving the degree of A. M. He was superintendent of city schools of Manchester, Iowa, and has served three terms as county attorney. ARNOLD, HORACE P., farmer, state senator, was born June 19, 1857. He was educated at the Caledonia academy and the North Dakota university, and has served as state senator 'in four legisla- tures of North Dakota. He entered journalistic work in 1890, and is president of the Dakota Lake Chautauqua associa- tion. ARNOLD, ISAAC NEWTON, lawyer, congressman, author, was born Nov. 30, 1815, in Hartwick, N. J. He was a prom- inent Chicago lawyer and politician, and member of congress in 1861-65. He was the author of Life of Abraham Lincoln; Life of Benedict Arnold; and Recollec- tions of the Early Chicago and Illinois Bar. He died April 24, 1884, in Chicago, 111. ARNOLD, JOHN, physician, surgeon, was born Jan. 15, 1815, in England. In 1877 he moved to Rushville, Ind. He is a member of the Rush Medical society, the Union District Medical society, the Indiana State Medical society, and the American Medical association. ARNOLD, JOHN H.. business man, legislator, was born July 9, 1846, in War- wick, N. J. He received his education in the public schools; has been a member of the common council of Pawtucket; and a representative in the Rhode Island state legislature since 1896. ARNOLD. JOHN MOTTE, clergyman, author, was born in 1824, in Acra. N. Y. In 1839 he moved to Michigan, residing in Detroit from 1861 until his death on Dec. 8, 1884. He filled several methodist episcopal pulpits in Detroit, Mich.; as- sisted in founding the Michigan Christian Advocate, which he edited until his death; and founded the Detroit Methodist Book concern. Dr. Arnold was the author of Doctrines of Sanctification; and was a learned and versatile writer. ARNOLD, JONATHAN, surgeon, jurist, congressman, was born Dec. 14, 1741, in Providence, R. I. He was a member of the state assembly in 1776; and was the author of the act of May, 1776, repealing the laws providing for the oath of alle- giance to the mother country. He was a surgeon in the revolutionary army; after the war removed to St. Johnsbury. Vt., where he was appointed judge of the Orange county court in 1782, holding that office during the remainder of his life. He was a member of the continental con- gress from 1782 to 1784. He died Feb. 2, 1798, in St. Johnsbury, Vt. ARNOLD. JOSEPH MITCHELL, edu- cator, was born Dec. 14, 1863, in New Buffalo, Pa. He attended the Bloomfield academy, and in 1887 graduated from the Lafayette college. The succeeding five years he was principal of the Bloom- field academy, and since 1893 has been superintendent of schools of Perry coun- ty. Pa., and has attained prominence in the field of education for his progressive improvements of the school system under his charge. ARNOLD, LAUREN BRIGGS, agricult- urist, author, was born in 1841, in New York. He was an agriculturist of western New York who lectured frequently upon dairy husbandry and was the author of American Dairying. He died in 1888. ARNOI-D, LEMUEL H., merchant, con- gressman, governor, was born Jan. 29, 1792, in St. Johnsbury. Vt. He was re- moved to Rhode Island at an early age; graduated at Dartmouth college, in 1811; and was educated for the bar, but turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. In 1831 was elected governor of Rhode Island, and re-elected in 1832; was a member of the governor's council during the Dorr rebellion in 1842; and a repre- sentative in congress from 1845 to 1847. .He died June 27, 1852, in Kingston, R. I. ARNOLD, LEWIS G., general, was born in December, 1815. in New Jersey. In 1862 he was placed in command of the forces at New Orleans and Algiers, La., which command he retained until he was disabled by a stroke of paralysis, from which he never recovered. ARNOLD, LYNN J., lawyer, jurist, wa.s born Sept. 28, 1864, in Burlington Flats. N. Y. In 1884 he graduated from the State Normal college of Albany, N. Y. He then engaged in educational work; and was admitted to the bar in 1889. He has attained success in the profession of law at Cooperstown. N. Y.; and in 1894 was elected surrogate of his county. ARNOLD, MARSHALL, educator, law- yer, congressman, was born Oct. 21, 1845, in St. Francois county, Mo. He was edu- cated in the common schools; was pro- fessor in Arcadia college in 1870-71; has been deputy clerk of the circuit, county, and probate courts in St. Francois county. Mo; was prosecuting attorney of Scott county. Mo.; served two terms in the legislature of Missouri; and was presi- dential elector on the Hancock ticket. He was elected as a democrat to the fifty-sec- ond and fifty-third congresses. ARNOLD, PELEG, jurist, congressman, was born in 1752, in Smithfield, R. I. He was a member of the assembly of Rhode Island; was for many years chief justice of the supreme court of that state; was a delegate to the continental congress from 1786 to 1788. when he was appointed judge. He died Feb. 13, 1820, in Smith- field, R. I. ARNOLD, REUBEN, soldier. lawyer, was born Aug. 7, 1833, in Greeneville.Tenn. He served in the civil war, and was ten- dered recommendation for brigadier-gen- eral, which he declined. Col. Arnold was elected city attorney of Atlanta in 1867, and has since been a very prominent figure in politics and law. ARNOLD, RICHARD, general, was born April 12, 1828, in Providence, R. I. He was a son of Gov. L. H. Arnold, was graduated at West Point in 1850. For his services through the war he was, on March 13, 1865, brevetted colonel, briga- dier-general, and major-general in the regular army. After the close of the war he commanded various posts, and on Dec. 5, 1877, was made acting assistant in- spector-general of the department of the east. At the time of his death he was major in the fifth artillery. He died Nov. 8, 1882, on Governor's Island, New York harbor. ARNOLD, SAMUEL, business man, con- gressman, was born June 1, 1806, in Had- dam, Conn. He received his education at Plainfield academy, in Connecticut, and Westfleld academy, in Massachusetts; de- voted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits, and to various interests of com- merce. For many years he carried on one of the most extensive stone quarries in the union; was. for a number of years, president of the bank of East Haddam; served his native county in the legislature during the years 1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851; and was elected to the thirty-fifth congress. ARNOLD, SAMUEL GREENE, was born April 12, 1821, in Providence, R. I. In 1862 he was again elected lieutenant-gov- ernor of Rhode Island, and was soon afterwards chosen senator in congress to fill a vacancy. He was the author of a History of Rhode Island; and Life of Patrick Henry. He died Feb. 12, 1880, in Providence. R. I. HEKRIXGSHAW "S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 53 ARNOLD, THOMAS D., congressman, was born May 23, 1798, in Spottsylvania county, Va. He was elected a representa- tive in congress from Knox county. Tenn., from 1831 to 1833; and was elected for a second term, from 1841 to 1843, represent- ing Greene county. He died May 26, 1870, in Jonesboro, Tenn. ARNOLD, THOMAS H.. journalist, poet, was born Dec. 26, 1857, in New Orleans, La. For three years he was connected with the Chattanooga Times, and is now editor of the Middleborough News, of which publication he is also president and manager. His poems have appeared in several standard collections. ARNOLD, TRESSA RICHARDSON, evangelist, editor, was born May 9, 1864, in Lanesboro, Minn. In 1882 she gradu- ated from the Emporia Commercial and Business college, and since that time has taken an active part as a teacher and Sunday school missionary, accepting an evangelist's license in 1885. In 1887 she married T. B. Arnold, the veteran journalist and book publisher of Chicago; and since then has been editor of the Light and Life series of Sunday school periodicals. Since 1888 she has been an assistant superintendent of the Chicago Industrial Home for Children, of which institution her husband is superintendent. ARNOLD. WARREN 0., manufacturer, congressman, was born June 3, 1839. in Coventry. R. I. He received his education in the public schools of his native state; was engaged in mercantile pursuits from 1857 to 1864; and from the latter date to 1866 was engaged in cotton manufac- turing. Since that time he has been en- gaged in the manufacture of woolens. He was elected to the fiftieth and fifty-first congresses and re-elected to the fifty- fourth congress as a republican. ARNOLD, WILLIAM CARLILE. law- yer, congressman, was born July 15, 1851, in Luthersburg, Pa. He was educated in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts; was admitted to the bar in 1875 and has prac- ticed law continuously since his admis- sion; had never held any public office be- fore his election to the fifty-fourth con- gress. He was re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican. ARNOT. JOHN, financier, congressman, was born March 31, 1831, in Elmira, N. Y. He was three times president of the vil- lage of Elmira, and was the first maypr after its incorporation; and was, subse- quently, twice elected mayor. He became cashier of The Chemung Canal bank, in 1851, and continued in that position. He was elected a representative from New York to the forty-eighth and forty-ninth congresses. ARNOT, MATTHIAS HOLLENBACK. capitalist, was born Nov. 10, 1832. As president of The Chemung Canal bank, a family institution, which has in every crisis proved itself as solid as The Bank of England, Mr. Arnot has sustained the financial credit of Elmira in every storm. His art gallery, which has cost not less than $300,000, is an evidence that his aspirations are higher and better than the mere love of gain. Among his practical interests are The Chemung Canal bank. The Sheldon Saddlery Co., Thomas Briggs and Co., brewers. The Junction Canal Co., The Seneca Lake Steam Navigation Co., The Chemung Plank Road Co., and The Elmira Industrial association, of most if not all of which he is the head. ARRINGTON, ALFRED W., lawyer, author, poet, was born in September. 1810. in Iredell county, N. C. He was a prominent lawyer in the southwest, and later in Chicago. He was the author of The Rangers and Regulators of the Tan- aha; Sketches of the Southwest; and Poems, with Memoir. He died Dec. 31, 1867, in Chicago, 111. ARRINGTON, H. ARCHIBALD, con- gressman, was born in North Carolina. He represented that state in congress from 1841 to 1845, after which he retired to private life. His son, Alfred W. Ar- rington, attained distinction as a method- ist preacher, a lawyer, and judge, and a writer for the magazines under the as- sumed name of Charles Summerfield. ARROWSMITH, EUSEBIUS WAL- LING, lawyer, was born Oct. 3, 1869, in New York city. He is a successful law- yer of Freehold, N. J., and makes a specialty of criminal law. He is deputy county clerk, and takes an active part in democratic politics. ARTHUR. CHESTER ALLAN, twenty- first president of the United States, was born Oct. 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vt. He grad- uated at Union col- lege, Schenectady, N. Y.. 1849; taught school and was prin- cipal of the Pownal academy. Vermont. Studied law and was admitted to the bar, ,ind was married to Miss Herndon. He was a delegate to the Saratoga conven- tion when the re- publican party of New York was formed. Was judge-advo- cate of the second brigade of state militia before Lue war. In 1860 Governor Edwin D. Morgan appointed him engineer-in- chief on his staff and afterwards in- spector-general and quartermaster-gen- eral, holding the latter office until the close of 1863. He practiced law in New- York city until Nov. 20, 1871, when he was appointed collector of customs at that port, and reappointed in 1875. In 1877 he was chairman of the republican central committee of New York city, when President Hayes issued his order forbid- ding officers in the civil service from act- ing as political managers. Mr. Arthur neglected to comply with this order and was removed by the president in July. 1878. He was a delegate to the Chicago convention in 1880, and a strong support- er of General Grant. He was nominated for vice-president on the first ballot, which stood for Chester A. Arthur, 468; E. B. Washburne, Illinois, 193; Marshall Jewell, Connecticut, 44; Horace Maynard, Tennessee, 30; B. K. Bruce, Mississippi, 8; J. L. Alcorn, Mississippi, 4; E. J. Davis, Texas, 2; Thomas Settle, North Carolina, 1; Stewart L. Woodford, New York, 1. Being elected he took the oath of office and became vice-president March 4, 1881. On being notified by the cabinet of the death of President Garfield, he took the oath of office as president at his own house in New York city, on Sept. 20, 1881, at two o'clock in the morning. On reach- ing Washington. Sept. 22, he again took the oath of office before Chief Justice Waite. The republican national conven- tion met at Chicago. June 3, 1884. Those receiving the highest number of votes on the first ballot were James G. Blaine. 334V6. and Chester A. Arthur, 278. On the fourth ballot Mr. Blaine was nomi- nated. General Arthur retired from the presidency March 4. 1885, and died Nov. 18, 1886, in New York city. ARTHUR. CHRISTOPHER, soldier, physician. public official, was born Sept. 16, 1833, in Highland county, Ohio. In 1862 he raised a compan.v for the seventy-fifth In- diana volunteers, of which he was chosen captain. A few days later he was appoint- ed surgeon of the regiment, which was as- signed to the fourteenth army corps. With this command he served through the en- tire Atlanta campaign. At the battle of Chickamauga he was taken prisoner, and sent first to Atlanta, and finally to Libby prison. He has identified himself with the public schools of Camden, where he lived for some years, and is now presi- dent and a stockholder of the Citizens' bank. He has a very large and interesting collection of archceological specimens. ARTHUR, JESSE, lawyer, jurist, was born Jan. 14, 1846, in Kershaw county, S. C. He attended a private school until September, 1863, when he entered the confederate army, and served through the war. He was made prisoner in front of Richmond on Aug. 15, 1864; and was re- leased in March of the following year. In 1889 he moved to Washington terri- tory, attained prominence as an able law- yer; and in 1892 was elected superior court judge of the state of Washington for Spokane county, which position he still holds. ARTHUR, JOSEPH CHARLES, botan- ist, was born Jan. 11, 1850. in Lowville, N. Y. He received the rudiments of his education in the public schools of Iowa; studied four years at the Iowa Agricult- ural college, taking the degree of B. S.; then attended Cornell, receiving the de- gree D. Sc; and also studied at Johns Hopkins, Harvard, and the university of Bonn. He has been instructor in botany at the Iowa Agricultural college, the uni- versity of Wisconsin; and during 1884-87 was botanist to the Agricultural Experi- ment station at Geneva, N. Y. Since 1887 he has been professor of vegetable physi- ology and pathology in Purdue university. ARTHUR, TIMOTHY SHAY, journalist, author, was born in 1809 in Newburg, N. Y. He was a prolific writer of moral tales, with much more excellence of intention than literary merit to recommend them, but which have enjoyed a very extensive popularity. He was the author of Ten Nights in a Bar-Room; Six Nights with the Washingtonians; and Tales of Mar- ried Life, which are well known works. His life was nearly all spent in Philadel- phia. He died March 6, 1885, in Phila- delphia, Pa. ARTHUR, WILLIAM, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1796 in Antrim, Ireland. He was graduated at Belfast college, came to the United States, studied law for a short time, and was then called to the baptist ministry. After preaching in Vermont and western New York, he was settled as pastor of the Calvary bap- tist church of Albany, N. Y., where he remained from 1855 to 1863. He after- ward removed to Schenectady, where he published a magazine called the Anti- quarian, to whose pages he contributed much curious learning on a variety of topics. He published an Etymological Dictionary of Family and Christian Names. Dr. Arthur was noted for his at- tainments in the classics and in history, both sacred and profane. His son. Ches- ter Allan Arthur, was twenty-first presi- dent of the United States. He died Oct. 27. 1875, in Newtonville, N. Y. ARTHUR. WILLIAM E., lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born March 3, 1825, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He removed with his parents to Covington, Ky., where he was educated; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850. He was elected at- torney for the ninth judicial district, and served from 1856 to 1862; was a presiden- tial elector in 1860: elected judge of the ninth judicial district in 1866; and was elected to the forty-second and forty- third congresses. 54 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ASBURY, A. EDGAR, banker, business man, was born Aug. 16, 1836, in Virginia. He received his education at the Rector college, Virginia, and at Allegheny college of MeadviUe. Pa. He served four years in the war and was captain in the confed- erate states army. This successful finan- cier and business man has been the presi- dent of the American bank of Higgins- ville, Mc, for the past twenty years. ASBURY, FRANCIS, bishop of the methodist episcopal church, was born Aug. 20, 1745, in Handsworth, England. For thirty-two years. Bishop Asbury traveled yearly through the United States, ordaining not less than three thousand preachers, and preaching about seventeen thousand sermons. He died March 31. 1816, in Spottsylvania, Va. ASH, MICHAEL W., congressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He was a repre- sentative in congress from that state from 1835 to 1837. ASHBOTH, ALEXANDER SANDOR, general, was born Dec. IS, 1811, in Hun- gary. He served in the Austrian army, and afterwards de- voted himself to en- gineering. In 1861 he offered his serv- ices to the govern- ment, and went as chief of Fremont's staff to Missouri; and was made a brigadier-general. In 1865 he was brevet- t e d major-general for services in Flor- ida; and was ap- pointed minister to the Argentine Repub- lic m 1866. He died Jan. 21, 1868 in Buenos Ayres. ASHBURN, GEORGE W., soldier was born in Georgia. During the civil war he was a strong opponent of secession, and raised a company of southern loyalists subsequently enlarged to a regiment, of which he was colonel. On his return home after the war he boldly advocated the congressional plan of reconstruction. He was chosen a delegate to the Georgia constitutional convention of 1867, and did much toward perfecting the constitution of his state. He died April 1, 1868. ASHBURN, JESSE ANDERSON, farm- er, clergyman, state senator, was born Dec. 21, 1861, near Pilot Mountain, N. C. He is a farmer and ^.. a noted clergyman of .J&— , Ashburn. N. C. As •' ' an orator he is well known in the south; where he is also prominent as a polit- ical speaker. In 1896 he was elected a member of the North Carolina state senate; has taken a prominent part in the deliberations of that body; at all times advocating with voice and pen all progressive measures in the interests of the commonwealth. ASHBURNER, CHARLES ALBERT geologist, was born Feb. 9, 1854, in Phila- delphia, Pa. In 1880 he was appointed geologist in charge of the survey of the anthracite coal fields, where he originated a method for surveying and representing the geology of this great coal-bed which has received the approbation of mining engineers and geologists both in the United States and in Europe. He died Dec. 24, 1889, in Pittsburg, Pa. ASHBY, TURNER, soldier, was bom in 1824, in Rose Hill, Va. He raised a regi- ment of cavalry, and made so distin- guished a record as a cavalry officer that he was appointed brigadier-general in the confederate provisional army in 1861 He died June 5, 1862. ASHE, JOHN, soldier, was born in 1720 and was a general in the continental army. He died Oct. 24, 1781, in Sampson county, N. C. ASHE, JOHN B., congressman, was born in 1748 in Rocky Point, N. C, and was a son of John Baptiste Ashe. He was elected a representative in congress from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1845, representing the tenth district. He died Nov. 27 1802 in Halifax, N. C. ' ' ASHE, JOHN BAPTISTE, congressman governor, was born in 1748, in Rocky Point, N. C. He was a delegate to the continental congress in 1787 and 1788; was a representative in congress from North Carolina from 1790 to 1793; and was one of those who voted for locating the seat of government on the Potomac. He was elected governor of the state of North Carolina in 1801. He died Nov 27 1802, in Halifax, N. C. ' ' ASHE, SAMUEL, lawyer, jurist gov- ernor, was born in 1725, in North 'Caro- lina, and was a brother of General John B. Ashe, of the old congress. He was a lawyer of ability, a citizen of exalted pa- triotism, and a soldier in emergencies. He was a leading member of the North Carolina congress; chief justice of the state from 1777 to 1796: and governor of North Carolina from 1795 to 1798 He died Feb. 3, 1813, in Rocky Point, N. C. ASHE, SAMUEL A'COURT, lawyer, journalist, was born Sept. 13, 1840. near Wilmington, N. C. He attended the Georgetown Mathematical academy, Rug- by academy, Oxford Military academy, and the United States Naval academv. He served as a captain in the confederate army; has been postmaster of Raleigh, N. C; and chairman of the state demo- cratic executive committee. He has at- tained prominence as a successful jour- nalist and an able lawyer. ASHE, THOMAS SAMUEL, lawyer, congressman, was born in Orange county, N. C. He graduated at the university of North Carolina in 1832; studied law and pursued that profession; and in 1842 was elected a member of the legislature of North Carolina. In 1847 he was elected solicitor of the fifth judicial district of North Carolina, and served in that ca- pacity four years; in 1854 was elected to the state senate; in 1861 was elected to the house of representatives of the confederate states; to the senate of the confederate congress In 1864; and was one of the councilors of state in 1866; He was elected to the forty-third and forty-fourth congresses. ASHE, WILLIAM S., lawyer, congress- man, was born in Wilmington, N. C, and was the son of John Baptiste Ashe. He was a lawyer by profession; served in the state legislature in 1846, and was re- elected in 1848. He was a representative in congress from 1849 to 1853. He was killed on a railroad in 1864, near Wil- mington, N. C. ASHHURST, JOHN, surgeon, author, was born Aug. 23, 1839, in Philadelphia. Pa. He graduated from the university of Pennsylvania in 1857, and at the medi- cal department in 1860, and from 1862 till 1865 he served as acting assistant sur- geon in the United States army. Since 1877 he has been professor of clinical surgery in the university of Pennsylvania, and he has been connected with several hospitals. He is the author of Injuries of the Spine; and Principles and Practice of Surgery; and the editor of Transactions of the kiternational Medical Congress- and the International EncyclopEedia of Surgery, in six volumes. ASHLEY, CHESTER, lawyer. United States senator, was born June 1, 1790 in Westfield, Mass. He established himself m Little Rock, Ark., then a mere landing, and was chosen a senator in congress from Arkansas in 1844. He died April 27 1848, in Washington City. ASHLEY. CLARENCE DEGRAND, law- yer, was born July 21, 1851, in Boston, Mass. He organized the Metropolis Law school of New York city, and accepted a professorship in its faculty. He was ap- pointed to the chair of contracts in Uni- versity Law school; became vice-dean of its faculty and executive head of the even- ing department. ASHLEY, DELOS R., lawyer, congress- man, was born Feb. 19, 1828, in Arkansas. He went to California in 1849, where he held the office of district attorney in 1851-53; was a member of the California assembly in 1854-55; a state senator in 1856-57; and state treasurer in 1862-63. Early in 1864 he moved to Nevada, and was elected a representative from that state to the thirty-ninth and fortieth con- gresses. He died July 18, 1873, in San Francisco, Cal. ASHLEY, HENRY, congressman, was born in Cheshire county. N. H. He was elected a representative in congress from Delaware and Greene counties, N. Y., from 1825 to 1827. ASHLEY, JAMES M., lawyer, merchant, congressman, governor, was born Nov. 14, 1824, in Pittsburg, Pa. In 1849 he was admitted to the bar of Ohio; but aban- doned that profes- sion for the business of boat building. He was also connected with the press for awhile; and subse- quently went into the wholesale drug business in Toledo, Ohio. He was elect- ed a representative from Ohio to the thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth and fortieth congresses. In 1866 he was a delegate to the Philadel- phia loyalists' convention. He was sub- sequently appointed governor of the ter- ritory of Montana. ASHLEY, OSSIAN D., soldier, railway president, was born April 9, 1821, in Townshend. Vt. In 1889 he was elected president of the Toledo, Wabash and Western Railroad Co., which position he still hplds. For a number of years he was connected with the Boston Journal as its financial editor, and also a frequent contributor to the New York Tribune. He served in the civil war and attained the rank of colonel. ASHLEY, WILLIAM H., congressman, governor, was born in 1778, in Powhatan county, Va. He was the first lieutenant- governor of Missouri, after it became a state; and was a representative in con- gress, from 1831 to 1837. He died March 26, 1838, in Boonville. Mo. ASHMEAD, HENRY GRAHAM, lawyer, author, was born June 30, 1838. in Phila- delphia. Pa. He was local editor of the Chester Evening News, The Delaware County Republican, and other newspapers. He is the author of History of Delaware Count.v. Pa.; History of Pennsylvania; and Historical Sketches of Chester-on- Delaware. HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 55 ASHMEAD, ISSAC, printer, was born Dec. 22, 1790, in Germantown, Pa. He was apprenticed to William Bradford, and in 1821 founded what is now the oldest printing establishment in Philadelphia. He set up the first power-presses ever used in that city, and introduced com- position rollers. He was one of the founders of the American Sunday School union, and printed its publications. He also aided in establishing the American Presbyterian and the Presbyterian Quar- terly. He died March 1, 1S70, in Phila- delphia. ASHMORE, JOHN D., congressman, was born Aug. 7, 1819, in Greenville, S. C. When quite young he filled various offices in the state militia; was a member of the South Carolina legislature in 1848. 1850, and 1852; in 1853 was elected comp- troller-general of the state for two years and was re-elected for a second term. He was subsequently elected a representa- tive from South Carolina to the thirty- sixth congress. ASHMORE, OTIS, educator, astronomer, was born March 6, 1853, in Lincoln coun- ty, Ga. He has always been engaged in educational work. For ten years he was science teacher in the Savannah High school, and is now superintendent of schools of that city. He is the author of Grier's Almanac, the best known annual publication of the kind in the south; and has also attained prominence as a noted astronomer. ASHMITN. ELI PORTER, lawyer. United States senator, was born June 24, 1770, in Blandford, Mass. He was a dis- tinguished lawyer, and for several years a member of the house of representatives and senate of Massachusetts. In 1816 he was elected to succeed C. Gore as senator from that state in congress. He died May 10, 1819, in Northampton, Mass. ASHMUN, GEORGE, lawyer, congress- man, was born Dec. 25, 1804, in Blandford, Mas? Hf graduated at Yale college in 1823; studied law, "iOSiifJ: and settled in Springfield in 1828; served in the state legislature during 'he years 1833, 1835, IS36, 1838, and 1841, 'tficiating as speaker if the house in the utter year. He was ;i representative in congress from 1845 to 1851. In 1860 he was president of the Chicago convention; and in 1866 was chosen a delegate to the Philadelphia National Union convention. He died July 17, 1870, in Springfield, Mass. ASHMUN, JEHUDI, missionary, author, was born April, 1794, in Champlain, N. Y. He was placed in charge of an expedi- tion to reinforce the colony of Liberia; remained in the colony for six years, but in 1828 he was obliged to return home on account of ill-health. He was the au- thor of a volume entitled Memoirs of Samuel Bacon. He died Aug. 25, 1828, in Boston, Mass. ASHMUN. JOHN HOOKER, jurist, was born July 3. 1800. in Blandford. Mass. He was the son of Senator Eli P. Ashmun, was graduated at Harvard in 1818, and, on the establishment of the law depart- ment of that university, appointed its first professor, under the endowment of Isaac Royall. Prior to this he was asso- ciated with Judge Howe and Elijah J. Mills in establishing a law school in Northampton. He died April 1, 1833, in Cambridge, Mass. ASHTON, J. HUBLBY, lawyer. He was a citizen of Pennsylvania, from which state he was, in 1864, appointed assist- ant attorney-general of the United States, serving three years. He was re-appointed in 1868, serving one year; and was sub- sequently associated with the court for the settlement of the Alabama claims. ASPER, JOEL F., so.dier, journalist, congressman, was born April 20, 1822, in Adams county, Pa. He studied law and came to the bar in 1844, writing fre- quently for the newspapers; was elected a justice of the peace in 1846, and in 1847 prosecuting attorney for his county. He was a delegate to the Buffalo convention of 1848; editor of the Western Reserve Chronicle in 1849, and of the Chardon Democrat in 1850. In 1861 he raised a company and was mustered into the vol- unteer army as captain, and was pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1866 he started a paper at Chillicothe, Mo., called the Spectator, and, while edit- ing that journal and practicing law, was, in 1868, elected a representative from Mis- souri to the forty-first congress. He died Oct. 1. 1872. in Chillicothe, Mo. ASPINALL, NOVITAS B., physician and surgeon, was born Oct. 28, 1857, in Liverpool, England. He studied medi- cine under his father. Doctor R. H. Aspin- all, a practicing physician of Liverpool, England. He graduated in 1879 from the college of Physicians and Surgeons in London; and after doing hospital work for two years, came to the United States and practiced in Chicago, where he was a medical director in Dr. Borton's sani- tarium. In 1892 he moved to Plymouth, Ind., where he is city physician, and sur- geon in the county infirmary. Dr. Aspin- all is a member of the Indiana State Medi- cal society-, the American Medical associa- tion, and other prominent medical bodies. ASPINWALL, THOMAS, soldier, was born May 23, 1786, in Brookline. Mass. He was graduated at Harvard in 1804. and studied law with William Sullivan. He was major of the ninth United States in- fantry in the war of 1812, and for gallant conduct at Sackett's Harbor received the brevet of lieutenant-colonel, and that of colonel for the sortie from Fort Erie, in which he lost an arm. From 1815 to 1853 he was United States consul at London. He died Aug. 11, 1876. ASTOR, JOHN JACOB, merchant, was born July 17, 1763, in Germany. His oc- cupation was the purchase of furs from the Indian tribes and the shipment of them to Europe. The greatest venture of Mr. Astor was the founding of Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia river in 1809. He planted there a fort and a settle- ment, in person, won the friendship of the Indian tribes, and, during his four years of control, carried on a large trade. He also founded the Astor library of New York bv his bequest of $400,000. At an early period it became necessary for Mr. Astor to employ ships of his own in exporting furs to Europe. The return of these vessels laden with merchandise led him into an extensive foreign trade. He gradually acquired a large fleet, and his ships ploughed every ocean of the globe and carried cargoes both to and from England, Germany, France, Russia. China and America, the cargoes usually being purchased and sold on Mr. Astor's account. He died March 29, 1848, in New York city. ASTOR. .lOHN JACOB, third of the name, soldier, capitalist, was born June 10, 1823. in New York city, and was a son of William B. Astor. At the out- break of the civil war Mr. Astor enlisted as a volunteer, and served with credit on the staff of General McClellan. After the war he remained in business with his father. After his father's death In 1875, Mr. Astor increased his inheritance by continuing the purchase and improve- ment of real estate. At his death he was the largest owner of real estate in New York city, aside from the Trinity Church corporation. His estate was estimated variously between $75,000,000 and $100,- 000,000, the bulk of it going to his son, William Waldorf Astor, now the head of the family. He gave legacies of $400,000 to The Astor library, $100,000 each to St. Luke's and the Cancer hospitals, and other sums to kindred public objects. He died Feb. 22, 1890, in New York city. ASTOR, JOHN JACOB, fourth of the name, capitalist, was born July 13, 1864, at Ferncliff, N. Y., and a son of William Astor. The influence of his name has been sought by financial institutions and he is a director in The National Park bank. The Title Guarantee and Trust Co., The Mercantile Trust Co., The Illinois Central railway. The Second National bank, and The Plaza bank. Already the possessor of many buildings in this city, Mr. Astor's civic pride, energy and busi- ness sagacity combined promise to place upon the island of Manhattan several splendid buildings during the long busi- ness career which is before him. Vari- ous plans are now in contemplation. He is fond of the study of science and phil- osophy, and he has written a book en- titled A Journey in Other Worlds: A Romance of the Future, which was su- perbly illustrated. ASTOR, WILLIAM, capitalist, was born July 12, 1829, in New York city, and a son of William B. Astor. In 1875 a visit to Florida awoke his interest in the vast undeveloped resources of that state; and it is believed that his enterprise, during the next ten years, accomplished more for Florida than that of any of his con- temporaries. He built a railroad from St. Augustine to PalatKa, constructed sev- eral modern blocks of buildings in Jack- sonville, and led other men of means to join in the work of re-creating a new Flor- ida in place of the old one. His services were so valuable that the state govern- ment voted him a grant of eighty thou- sand acres of land. He died April 25. 1892, in Paris, France. ASTOR, WILLIAM BACKHOUSE, mer- chant), was born Sept. 19, 1792, in New York. Upon his father's death Mr. Astor became the sole heir of an immense es- tate. Thereafter he devoted himself to the preservation and growth of his prop- erty. He was a progressive man and one of the most active builders of his generation. It was said in 1867 that he had inherited and built seven hundred and twenty dwellings and stores in this city. He had also promoted important railroad and insurance enterprises. He added $250,000 to the endowment of the Astor library, and made a total of $550,000 in gifts to that institution. His estate was divided mainly and equally between his sons, John Jacob and William Astor. He died Nov. 24, 1875, in New York city. ASTOR. WILLIAM WALDORF, mil- lionaire, was born March 31, 1848, in New York city, N. Y. He was chiefly educated by private tutors at his home, and in Eu- rope; and graduated from Columbia col- lege law school in 1875. He was a repre- sentative in the state legislature in 1878; a state senator in 1880 and 1881; and was appointed envoy extraordinary and min- ister plenipotentiary of the United States to Italv in 1882-85. He is the proprie- tor of the Pall Mall Gazette, of London, England; and the author of two books. ILLIAM HENRY, cler- Feb. 24. 1S53, in Gene- He received a thorough a graduate of the Chi- seminary. He has at- a clergyman, and now in Bloomer, Wis. He aluable articles to the 56 ATCHESON. W gyman, was born see county, N. Y. education, and is cago Theological tained success as fills a pastorate has contributed \ religious press. ATCHISON, DAVID R., lawyer. United States senator, was born Aug. 11, 1807. in Frogtown. Ky. He was educated for the bar; removed to Missouri in 1830; and was elected to the legislature of that state in 1834 and 1838. In 1841 he was appointed judge of the Platte county cir- cuit court; and during the year 1843 was appointed a senator in congress, to which position he was subsequently elected for two successive terms, serving until 1853. He died in 1886. AThr^RTON. CHARLES GORDON, lawyer. United States senator, was born July 4, 1804, in Amherst, N. H. He grad- uated at Cambridge in 1822; studied law; and was for many years in the legisla- "ture of New Hamp- shire, and for three years speaker of the house. He was a representative i n congress from 1837 to 1843; a United States senator in congress from 1843 , , , ^, . to 1849; and in 1852 was elected a United States senator to fill a vacancy. He died Nov. 15, 1853 in Manchester. N. H. ATHERTON. CHARLES HUMPHREY lawyer, congressman, was born Aug U 1773, in Amherst, N. H. He graduated at Harvard college in 1794; held the office of register of probate from 1798 to 1807- and was a representative in congress from 1815 to 1817. He stood at the head of the bar in Hillsboro countv for many years; and was a member of the state tfo"^'"'"'' '° ^^23, and again in 1838 and 1839^ He died Jan. 8, 1853, in Amherst, ATHERTON. GEORGE W., soldier col- ^ge president, was born June 20 1837 in Boxford, Mass. He graduated from Yale college in 1863, and was appointed first lieutenant of the tenth Connecticut vol- unteers, and remained in command of 'lis company through the battles of Roan- oke and Newbern. In 1882 he became president of the Pennsylvania State col- lege at Harrisburg, Pa. ATHERTON, GERTRUDE, author, was born Oct. 30, 1857, in San Francisco, Cal bhe IS a grand-niece of Benjamin Frank- lin, and the author of What Dreams May Come; Hermia Suydam; The Dooms- woman; Before the Gringo Came; A Whirl Asunder; Patience Sparhawk and Her Times; his Fortunate Grace- and \aliant Runaways. ATHERTON. GIBSON, lawyer con- gressman, was born Jan. 19, 1831, in Lick- ing county, Ohio. He graduated at Miami university, Ohio, in 1853; studied law was admitted to the bar in 1855; and en^ gaged m practice at Newark, Ohio He was prosecuting attorney from 1857 to 1863; was mayor from 1860 to 1864- was a delegate to the democratic national con- vention of 1876; and was elected a rep- resentative from Ohio to the forty-sixth and forty-seventh congresses. HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ATHERTON, JOSHUA, lawyer, legis- lator, was born June 20, 1737, in Harvard, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard in 1762; studied law, and began practice in Petersham. Shortly afterward he re- moved to Litchfield, and in 1773, having been appointed register of probate in Hillsborough county, he settled in Am- herst. He became a member of the conven- tion appointed to consider the federal con- stitution, and opposed its adoption on ac- count of the provisions concerning slaves and slavery. Subsequently he was elect- ed to the New Hampshire legislature, and in 1793 he was made attorney-general of the state. He was also for a time com- missioner for the United States direct tax. He died April 3, 1809, in Amherst, Mass. ATKINS, JOHN D. C, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born June 4, 1825, in Henry county, Tenn. He graduated at the East Tennessee university in 1846; studied law; and was elected a member of the legislature in 1849 and in 1851. He was elected to the state senate in 1855; chosen a presidential elector in 1856; elected a representative in congress in 1857; and was a presidential elector in 1860. He was lieutenant-colonel of the fifth Tennessee regiment in the confed- erate army in 1861; was elected to the confederate provisional congress in Au- gust, 1861, and re-elected in 1863. He was elected a representative from Tennes- see to the forty-third, forty-fourth, forty- fifth, forty-sixth, and forty-seventh con- gresses; and in 1885 was appointed com- missioner of Indian affairs. ATKINSON, ARCHIBALD, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born Sept. 13, 1792, in the Isle of Wight county, Va. Upon leaving the army he commenced the practice of law in Smithfiei.d, and was a member of the general assembly from 1815 to 1817, and also of the house of del- egates and state senate for several years. In 1843 he was elected a representative in congress from Virginia, and served until 1848; was a member of the commit- tee on naval affairs and commerce; was prosecuting attorney for his county twen- ty years; mayor of Smithfield: and a magistrate. He died Jan. 10, 1872, in Isle of Wight, Va. ATKINSON. BYRON A., business mau. was born in 1854 in Sackville, N. B. He is the owner of the largest housefurnish- ing establishment in the United States in the city of New York. ATKINSON, CLARENCE T., lawyer, lecturer, author, was born Dec. 23. 1863, in Columbus. N. J. He graduated from the Columbus semi- nary and from the Adelphic institute of Bordentown, N. J. He received the nomination as a member of the New .Tersey legislature in 1S86, and ran ahead of his ticket, but failed to carry enough votes to se- cure election. He has participated in three presidential campaigns, and earned a reputation as an able and eloquent ora- tor. Since 1886 he has steadily refused to accept any public office. He is an astute and prominent lawyer of Camden, N. J., and a member of the law firm of Gilbert and Atkinson. As a lecturer he is well known throughout the east, and has con- tributed numerous articles to law litera- ture and the periodical press; and many of his productions have been incorpo- rated into standard publications. ATKINSON, EDWARD, author, was born Feb. 10, 1827, in Brookline, Mass. He is a Boston reformer, active in mat- ters of diet and political economy; and the author of The Distribution of Prod- ucts; Labor and Capital; Industrial Progress of the Nation; The Science of Nutrition; Margin of Profits: and Taxa- tion and Work. ATKINSON, GEORGE H., missionary, was born May 10, 1819, in Newburyport, Mass. In 1872 Dr. Atkinson became gen- eral missionary for Oregon, and in 1880 superintendent of home missions for Ore- gon and Washington. He died Feb. 25, 1889, in Portland, Ore. ATKINSON, GEORGE W., lawyer, au- thor, governor, was born June 29, 1845. in Virginia. In 1870 he graduated from , ^ _ _ the Ohio Wesleyan university; took a post-graduate course at Mount V^ernon (oUege: studied law two years: attended lectures at Colum- b i a n university: graduated from the law department of Howard university; and was admitted to the bar in 1875. He has been eminentlv successful as a lawyer; was four years United States marshal for West Virginia- was elected to the fifty-first congres.^ from Virginia as the representative of the Wheeling district; and in 1896 was elected to the high office of governor of West Virginia. In conjunction with Al- varo F. Gibbons, he is the author of Prominent Men of West Virginia: a Vol- ume of Poems; and a half-dozen other works. ATKINSON, HENRY, soldier, was born in South Carolina. He entered the army as captain in 1808. He was retained in the army after the war of 3812; was made adjutant-general, and was finally appoint- ed to the command of the western armv. He died in June, 1842, in Jefferson bar- racks. ATKINSON. HENRY MORRELL, sol- dier, lawyer, public official, was born Sept. 9, 1838, in Wheeling. W. Va. He removed to Ohio in 1846. with his parents; was educated chiefly at the Denverson uni- versity, Ohio, and in Connecticut; re- moved to Nebraska in 1857, and engaged in the land agency business; studied law and came to the bar in 1861. He served as adjutant of cavalry, and in 1864 be- came provost-marshal for southern Ne- braska. From 1867 to 1871 was register of the land office in Nebraska: subse- quently turned his attention to the law and railroad building: in 1873 was ap- pointed a special commissioner to Mexico: and in 1875 was appointed commissioner of pensions in Washington. ATKINSON. JOHN, clergyman, author, was born Sept. 6, 1835, in Deerfield. N. J. He is a clergyman of prominence in th? methodist church; and the author of The Living Way; Memorials of Methodism in New Jersey; The Garden of Sorrows; The Class Leader; and Centennial His- tory of American Methodism. ATKINSON, JOHN M. P., educator, college president, was born Jan. 10, 1817. in Mansfield, Va. In 1857-83 he was elect- ed president of the Hampden Sidney col- lege. He died in 1883. HERRlNGSHAWa KNCYCLOPKDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. ATKINSON, LOUIS E.. physician, law- yer, congressman, was born April 16, 1841, in Juniata county. Pa. He was etlii- cated in the common schools and at Airy View and Milnwood academies; studied medicine, and grad- uated at the medical department of the University of the Citv of New York, March 4, 1861. He entered the medical department. United States army. Sept. 5, 1861 ; served as assistant surgeon of the first Pennsylva- nia reserve cavalry, and surgeon of the one hundred and eighty-eighth Pennsyl- vania infantry, and was mustered out in December, 1865; was disabled while in the army, and, being unable to practice medi- cine, studied law; was admitted to the bar in September, 1870. and has practiced law since that time. He was elected to the forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, and fifty-second congresses. ATKINSON. THEODORE. sold"ier. jurist, was born Dec. 20, 1697, in New Castle, N. H. He graduated at Harvard university in 1718; was secretary of the colony in 1741; chief justice in 1754. and major-general of militia in 1769. but the revolution deprived him of all these oflSces. He was a delegate to the congress at Albany in 1754. and was one of the committee that drew up the plan of Union for the defense of the colonies. He was for many years in the legislature and council; also held the office of clerk of the court of common pleas; was colonel of militia, and in active service during the French and Indian wars. He died Sept. 22, 1779. ATKINSON. THOMAS, bishop, was born Aug. 6. 1807. in Mansfield. Va. He was elected bishop of North Carolina in 1853. He attended the general convention of the episcopal church in 1865. and did much to hasten the reunion of the north- ern and southern dioceses. He died Jan. 4, 1881, in Wilmington, N. C. ATKINSON. WILLIAM BIDDLE. phy- sician, author, was born June 21, 1832, in Haverford. Delaware county, Pa. He was educated in Philadelphia, and graduated from the Central high school: and in 1853 graduated from the Jefferson Medi- cal college. He has written many arti- cles for medical journals on subjects in general practice and the diseases of chil- dren. He is author of The Physician and Surgeons of the United States; Hints in the Obstetric Procedure; Therapeutics of Gynaecology and Obstetric; and various other works. Dr. Atkinson has been the permanent secretary of the American Medical association since 1864. and of the State Medical society of Pennsylvania since 1862. He was lecturer on Diseases of Children at the Jefferson Medical col- lege during 1877-86; professor of sanitary science and pediatrics in the Medico- Chirurgical college of Philadelphia dur- ing 1888-91. During the civil war he was assistant surgeon of United States volun- teers. He is also the associate editor of the Medical and Surgical Reporter of Philadelphia; and contributes extensively to medical journals. ATKINSON, WILLIAM ELRIE, lawyer, was born July 24, 1852, in Shelby county. Ala. He has attained success as a noted lawyer; in 1885 was a delegate to the congressional convention, and was one of the leading spirits in founding the Ouachita Baptist college at Arkadelphia. ATKINSON. WILLIAM PARSONS, ed- ucator, author, was born in 1820 in Ma.s- sachusetts, and was a brother of E. At- kinson. He was a professor of history at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy; and the author of The Right Use of Books; History and the Study of His- tory; and Classical and Scientific Studies. He died in 1890. ATLEE. JOHN LIGHT, was born Nov. 2. 1799, in Pennsylvania. Dr. Atlee's op- eration for double ovariotomy in 1843 was the first in the history of medicine. He was one of the founders of the Lancaster City and County Medical society in 1843. and twice served as its president. He assisted in organizing the Pennsylvania Medical society in 1848. and became its president in 1857. and was also one of the organizers of the American Medical as- sociation in Philadelphia, and was elected vice-president in 1865. and president in 1882. At the union of Franklin and Mar- shall colleges, in 1853. he became pro- fessor of anatomy and physiology, and continued there until 1869. He died Oct. 1, 1885, in Pennsylvania. AT LEE, SAMUEL JOHN, soldier, statesman, was born in 1738. He com- manded a Pennsylvania company in the French war; and in 1776 commanded an advanced battalion on Long Island; was made prisoner and remained some time in the hands of the British. He was af- terward a commissioner to treat with the Indians; was a delegate to the con- tinental congress from 1778 to 1782, and one of the committee on the meeting of Pennsylvania troops in 1781. He died November, 1786, in Philadelphia, Pa. ATLEE, WASHINGTON LEMUEL, surgeon, author, was born Feb. 22. 1808, in Lancaster, Pa. He was a noted sur- geon of Philadelphia, and the author of Ovarian Tumors and Ovariotomy. He died Sept. 6, 1878. ATTWOOD, JULIUS, banker, was born Feb. 23, 1824, in East Haddam. Conn. In 1859 he was elected judge of the probate court; from 1873-74 was a member of the general assembly of Connecticut; and in 1883 was elected president of the Na- tional bank of New England. ATWATER, AMZI, pioneer, was born May 23, 1776, in New Haven, Conn. He settled in Mantua. Ohio, in 1800; and on the organization of Portage county was elected one of the county judges. He died June 22. 1851. ATWATER. CALEB, lawyer, legislator, author, was born Dec. 25. 1778. in North Adams. Mass. He was graduated at Wil- liams college in 1804; studied law. and be- came a successful practitioner. He moved to Ohio in 1811, where for some years he was a member of the state legislature and postmaster of Circleville. He was also Indian commissioner under Jack- son. He published A Tour to Prairie du Chien; Western Antiquities; Writings of Caleb Atwater; History of Ohio; and an Essay on Education. He died March 13. 1867. in Circleville. Ohio. ATWATER. FRANCIS, author, jour- nalist and publisher, was born in Ply- mouth. Conn. He learned the printing trade early in life, and in 1886 established and became president of the Journal Pub- lishing company, of Meriden. Conn., pro- prietor of the Meriden Daily News, and Connecticut School Journal. He is the author of the Histories of Plymouth. Conn., and Kent, Conn. ATWATER. HORACE COWLES, cler- gyman, author, was born in 1819 in New- York. He was a clergyman of the meth- odist church, south, and published Inci- dents of a Southern Tour. He died In 1879. ATWATER, JOHN W., farmer, state senator, was horn Dec. 27, 1840. He served in the first North Carolina regi- ment throughout the war, surrendering with Lee at Appomattox. When the Farmers' Alliance was organized in Chat- ham county, N. C. he served as president two terms, and afterward for two terms as president of the sub-alliance. Has represented his people for three terms in the state senate. ATWATER. LYMAN HOTCHKISS, ed- ucator, author, was born Feb. 20. 1813, in New Haven, Conn. He was a professor of philosophy at Princeton college, and long a noted contributor to the Princeton Review; and the author of A Manual of Elementary Logic. He died Feb. 17, 1883, in Princeton, N. J. ATWATER, WILBUR OLIN, educator, author, was born May 3. 1844, in Johns- burg, N. Y. He has been professor of chemistry at Wesleyan university since 1873. He has written extensively upon agricultural chemistry, and published Co-operative Experimenting as a Means of Studying the Effect of Fertilizers; and Results of Field Experiments with Vari- ous Fertilizers. ATWELL, WILLIAM HAWLEY, law- yer, orator, was born June 9, 1869, in La Crosse, Wis. He attended the Dallas public schools. Texas; the Southwestern university, and the State university. In 1889 he was assistant attorney of Dallas county; in 1894 was nominee for attor- ney-general of Texas. He has been sec- retary of the State Republican league; of the National Committeemen league in 1896; and is a prominent member in va- rious societies. He is one of the finest speakers in the south, his oratory being strong, sparkling and convincing. ATWILL. EDWARD ROBERT, clergy- man, bishop, was born Feb. 18. 1840, in Red Hook, N. Y. He received his edu- cation at the Hudson ' Classical institute; graduated from Co- lumbia college in lsi;2; and was or- lained in 1864, and ( onsecrated a bishop in 1890. He was rec- tor of St. Paul's ( hurch of Burling- ton. Vt.; and in 1882 became rector of the Trinity church of Toledo. Ohio. Since 1890 he has been bishop of west Missouri, residing in Kansas City. He has contributed valuable articles to church literature and the secular press. ATWOOD, ANTHONY, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1801 in New Jersey. He was a methodist clergyman, whose only published work is The Abiding Com- forter. He died in 1888. ATWOOD, ETHEL, musician, was born Sept. 12. 1870. in Fairfield, Maine. She has attained success in orchestral work in Boston. Mass. She organized the Fadette Ladies' orchestra, which now has thir- teen regular members in the orchestra, which is in constant demand. ATWOOD, HARRISON HENRY, archi- tect, congressman, was born Aug. -d. 1863, in North Londonderry, Vt. He at- tended the public schools, graduating in 1877; studied architecture and began prac- tice in 1886; has erected many buildings in and about Boston. He was elected to the Massachusetts house -of representa- tives in 1887-89; was elected twice as dele- gate to republican national conventions, 1888 and 1892; was elected to the fifty- fourth congress as a republican. S8 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY, ATWOOD, ISAAC MORGAN, clergy- man, author, was born March 24, 1838, in Pembroke, N. Y. He was educated at Lockport, N. Y.; entered the universalist ministry in 1859, and was pastor of churches in New York, Maine, and Mas- sachusetts. Since 1879 he has been pres- ident of Canton Theological seminary, St. Lawrence university, where he is also professor of theology and ethics. The degree of A. M. was conferred on him by St. Lawrence university in 1872, and that of D. D. by Tufts in 1S79. He was editor of the Boston Universalist in 1867-72, and of the Christian Leader in 1873-75; and has been associate editor of the latter journal since 1875. He is the author of Have We Outgrown Christianity; Glance at the Religious Progress of the United States; Latest Word of Universalism; Walks About Zion; and Manual of Reve- lation. ATWOOD, WILLIAM A., merchant, state senator, was born April 11. 1835, in Newfane, N. Y. For the past ten years he has been director and vice-president of the Genesee County Savings bank, and in 1881 he was elected mayor of Flint, Mich. He was elected to the Michigan state senate in 1887. AUBRY, LEANDER J., manufacturer, was born May 1. 1848, in Canada. He is a successful carriage manufacturer of New Haven, Conn.; and manufactures carriages for the best makers in the United States; carries the leading styles of both light and heavy work, and makes special and exclusive designs. AUDENRIED, JOSEPH C, soldier, was born Nov. 6, 1839. in Pottsville, Pa. He served through the civil war and was brevetted captain in 1866; lieutenant- colonel, aide-de-camp, in 1866; and colonel aide-de-camp, in 1869. He re- mained on Gen. Sherman's staff until his death. He died June 3, 18S0, in Wash- ington, D. C. AUDSLEY, GEORGE ASHDOWN, ar- chitect, author, was born in 1838 in Scot- land. He is a Scottish architect and art writer of note of Plainfleld, N. J. With his brother, William James Audsley, he has published Colour in Dress; a Manual for Ladies; Floral Decoration of Churches; Cottage, Lodge, and Village Architecture; Outlines of Ornament in the Leading Styles; Popular Dictionary of Architecture and the Allied Arts, in ten volumes; Polychromatic Decoration as Applied to Buildings in the Medieval Styles; and (with James Lord Bowes) The Keramic Art of Japan. His separate works include Guide to the Art of Illumi- nating and Missal Painting; Handbook of Christian Symbolism; The Art of Chromo-Lithography; Notes on Japanese Art; and The Ornamental Arts of Japan. AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES, naturalist, author, was born May 4, 1780, near New Orleans, La. His admirable work. The Birds of America, now in the Astor libra- ry, sold for $1,000 a copy, and was pro- nounced by Cuvier to be the most mag- nificent monument that art ever raised to ornithology. His other works are Orni- thological Biography; and Quadrupeds of America. He died Jan. 27, 1851, in New York city. AUGHEY, JOHN H., educator, clergy- man, college president, was born May 8. 1828, in New Hartford, N. Y. He grad- uated from the Franklin college, Ohio, and for nearly half a century has been a minister of the gospel. For many years he was principal of the high school of Winchester, Ky.; has served as president of the Female college, Miss.; and is now pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Mulhall, O. T. He is the author of two works entitled Tupeh, and Spiritual Gems. AUGUR, CHRISTOPHER COLON, sol- dier, was born in 1S21 in New York. In 1843 he graduated from West Point; and during the next two years served on frontier duty. In 1846 he took part in the Mexican war in the advance to the R i o Grande. In 1852 he was pro- moted captain; and served with great ability in the Indian troubles in Oregon during 1855-56. He served with distinc- tion through the civil war; and in 1865 received the brevet of brigadier-general; and also the brevet of major-general. He commanded at Washington during 1863- 66, and was promoted colonel of the twelfth infantry. In 1S69 he was made brigadier-general of the United States army; and was retired in 1SS5. His son, Jacob Arnold Augur, is also a graduate of West Point, and a captain in the fifth United States cavalry. AUGUR, HEZEKIAH, sculptor, was born Feb. 12, 1791, in New Haven, Conn. He was unsuccessful in business, and turned his attention to sculpture and me- chanical inventions. His best work, Jep- tha and His Daughter, is in the Trumbull gallery, Yale college. His most impor- tant invention was a machine for carving wood, which came into general use. He died Jan. 10. 1858, in New Haven, Conn. AUGUSTIN, JOHN, soldier, author, was born Feb. 11, 1838, in New Orleans. La. His volume. War Flowers, is a col- lection of poems that were written by him during his service in the confederate army. He held at different times the city editorship of nearly every newspaper of New Orleans. He died Feb. 5, 1888. AUGUSTINE. OGDEN W., musician, composer, was born in 1841 in Franklin county, Ohio. He was educated under private teachers. He is teacher of voice culture and music in the public schools; and the author of a considerable number of Sunday school singing books and works for classes and musical conven- tions. ALGUSTUS. JOHN, philanthropist, was born in 1785. He was a shoemaker, doing business in Boston, and devoted his means and his labors to aiding and re- claiming the poor and the vicious. For more than twenty years he was a con- stant visitor to the police courts, seeking subjects for his charitable efforts. He died June 21, 1859, in Boston, Mass. AUHL. MRS. ALICE B., florist, poet. Her poems are generally on floral sub- jects, and have appeared extensively In the press of Iowa. She is also the au- thor of a work on the subject of Flowers. AULD, ISAAC N., lawyer, journalist, was born March 20. 1858, in Benton coun- ty, Iowa. He graduated from the Till- ford Collegiate academy of Vinton, Iowa. In 1882 he moved to Plankinton. S. D.. where he was city auditor for three terms. In 1892 he moved to Oaeoraa, and there established the Gazette-Leader, of which he is editor and owner. He was twice elected register of deeds; and then became state's attorney for the district comprising five adjoining counties. AULICK, JOHN H., naval oflicer, was born in 1789, in Winchester. Va. In 1851 he was empowered to obtain permission to purchase supplies for the United States steamers in Japan, and to negotiate a treaty of amity and commerce with that empire; and commenced the important work which was completed by Commo- dore M. C. Perry. He died April 27, 1873, in Washington, D. C. AULL, ELBERT H., lawyer, journal- ist, author, was born Aug. 18, 1857, in Newberry county, S. C. In 1880 he grad- uated from the Newberry college. He taught school after graduation, and for two years was professor in the Newberry college. In 1882 he was admitted to the bar, and for three years practiced that profession with success. In 1886 he be- came the editor and owner of the New- berry Herald News. He was president of the South Carolina Press association for three years; and is the author of sev- eral historical works; a School History of South Carolina; and other works. AULT, JOHN S., soldier, lawyer, was born Jan. 3, 1841, in New Philadelphia. Mo. He received his education in the public schools of Illinois; and graduated from the Colonel Wing Law school of Salem, Mo. He has been a lieutenant of cavalry, justice of the peace, mayor of Salem, Mo.; besides filling numerous other offices of trust. He has attained success as an able lawyer of his state. AULTMAN, CORNELIUS, manufactur- er, was born March 10, 1827. In 1851 he entered into partnership with Ephraim Ball, an ingenious inventor, in the firm of Ball, Aultman and Co., and engaged in the manufacture of the plows and stoves patented by Mr. Ball. Being a man of marked executive ability, Mr. Aultman devoted his attention to the gen- eral affairs of the firm, while Mr. Ball continued to invent new devices, which the firm took charge of and manufac- tured. The Ohio mower, the World mower and reaper, the Buckeye mower, and the New American harvester were brought out successively, and were man- ufactured in enormous quantities. After 1872 the style was changed to C. Aultman and Co. Having accumulated more means than could be employed to advantage in his own business. Mr. Aultman invested his surplus resources in various indus- trial concerns, including the Wrought Iron Bridge company, the Mansfield Mower and Reaper works, and Aultman, Miller and Co., of Akron, Ohio. He died Dec. 25, 1884, in Canton, Ohio. AURINGER, OBADIAH CYRUS, cler- gyman, author, was born June 4, 1849, in Glens Falls, N. Y. He is a presbyterian clergyman of New York state, whose writings in verse include Scythe and Sword; The Heart of the Golden Roan; The Enisode of Jane McCrea; and The Book of the Hills. AUSTEN, PETER TOWNSEND. edu- cator, author, was born Sept. 10, 1852, in Clifton, N. Y. He has been professor of chemistry at Rutgers college since 1877; and has contributed much to scientific journals, and published Chemical Lecture Notes; and Organic Chemistry, from the German of Pinner. AUSTILL. HURIEOSCO, soldier, law- yer, legislator, was born Feb. 16, 1843. in Mobile, Ala., which has always been his place of residence. He graduated from the university of Alabama, and soon attained success as an eminent lawyer. During the war he served as a captain in the confederate army. He has been a member of the Alabama state senate, and served with distinction in that body. AUSTIN, ARCHIBALD, congressman. He was a representative in congress from Virginia from 1817 to 1819. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 59 AUSTIN, ARTHUR E., business man, legislator, was born July 23, 186S, in Prov- idence, R. I. He was educated in the public schools of said city; has been for the past two years a member of the town council, and representative since 1896; and in 1897 was elected a member of the Rhode Island state legislature. AUSTIN, ARTHUR WILLIAMS, law- yer, author, was born in 1807, in Massa- chusetts. He was a lawyer of Boston; and the author of The Woman and the Queen; and Other Specimens of Verse. He died in 1884. AUSTIN, BENJAMIN, merchant, au- thor, was born Nov. 18, 1752, in Boston. Mass. He was a Boston merchant, active as a political writer, and an especially violent champion of democracy. Consti- tutional Republicanism is a collection of some of his contributions to the news- papers of his day. He died May 4, 1820, in Boston, Mass. AUSTIN, COE FINCH, botanist, au- thor, was born June 20, 1831, in Finch- ville, N. Y. He was a botanist of Closter, N. Y.; and published Musci Appalachani, a description of American mosses. He died March IS, 1880, in Closter, N. Y. AUSTIN, DAVID, clergyman, author, was born in 1760 in New Haven, Conn. He was graduated at Yale college in 1779; and in 1788 was settled as the presbyte- rian minister in Elizabethtown, N. J. He published The American Preacher, by various ministers; The Downfall of Baby- lon; a Commentary on the Bible; and several millennial pamphlets and ser- mons. He died Feb. 5, 1831, in Norwich, Conn. AUSTIN. FREDERICK ELLSWORTH, lawyer, legislator, was born Aug. 6, 1865, in Taunton, Mass. He served in the city council of Taunton. Mass., where he has attained prominence as a political leader. In 1894 he was elected as a member of the Massachusetts state legislature. AUSTIN, GEORGE CURTIS, lawyer, legislator, was born July 19, 1863, in Saluria, Pa. He is engaged in the prac- tice of law in New York city, and was until recently instructor in the law con- tracts at the New York Law school. He was elected a member of the New York assembly in 1895. AUSTIN, GEORGE LOWELL, physi- cian, author, was born in 1849 in Massa- chusetts. He was a Boston physician whose miscellaneous writings include Perils of American Women, a Doctor's Talk with Maiden, Wife, and Mother; Water Analysis, a Handbook for Water- Drinkers; Under the Tide; Life of Franz Schubert; Popular History of Massachu- setts; Life and Deeds of General Grant; Longfellow; and Life of Wendell Phillips. He died in 1893. AUSTIN, HARRIET BUNKER, author, poet; was born Dec. 29, 1844, in Erie, Pa. Her great-grandfather, Benjamin Bunker, was a soldier of the revolution, and was killed in the battle of Bunker Hill. The hill from which the battle was named comprised part of the Bunker estate. She received her education in the Woodstock High school and Dr. Todd's Female semi- nary. She has been a prolific writer; and many of her poems have been set to music. She is the wife of Mr. W. B. Austin, a prosperous merchant of Wood- stock. 111., in which city she lends her in- fluence to every reform. AUSTIN, HELEN VICKROY, journal- ist, horticulturist, was born in 1829, in Miamisburg. Ohio. As a writer of sketch- es and essays, and as a reporter and cor- respondent she has exhibited marked ca- pacity; but she is best known by her writings for the agricultural and horti- cultural press. AUSTIN, HENRY, lawyer, author, was born in 1856 in Massachusetts. He is a lawyer of Boston, who has written The Law Concerning Farms; American Farm and Game Laws; American Fish and Game Laws; and Liquor Law in New England. AUSTIN, HENRY WILLARD, journal- ist, poet, was born in 1858. He is a jour- nalist of Boston, and the author of Vaga- bond Verses. AUSTIN, HORACE, soldier, lawyer, jurist, governor of Minnesota, was born in 1831 in Connecticut. He received an academic education; taught school; re- moved to Maine, and there studied law. In 1856 he removed to Minnesota, where he practiced his profession. He served as a captain against the Indians in 1863; in 1864 was elected a district judge; in 1869 was elected governor of Minnesota, and re-elected for a second term. On ac- count of his health he retired to private life until 1876, when he was appointed third auditor of the United States treas- ury in Washington. AUSTIN, JAMES TRECOTHICK, law- yer, author, was born Jan. 7, 1784, in Bos- ton, Mass. He was a prominent lawyer of Boston, and published a Life of Elbridge Gerry. He died May 8, 1870, in Boston, Mass. AUSTIN, JANE GOODWIN, novelist, was born Feb. 25, 1831, in Worcester, Mass. She was the author of Standish of Standish; Betty Alden; The Nameless Nobleman; Dr. LeBaron and His Daugh- ters; and various other works. She was also the author of numerous meritorious poems; and her contributions to the lit- erature of early New England possess a rare value. She died March 30, 1894, in Boston. Mass. AUSTIN, JONATHAN LORING, patriot, was born Jan. 2, 1748. in Boston, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard college in 1766, and became a merchant in Ports- mouth, N. H. He was secretary to the Massachusetts board of war until October, 1777, and was sent to France with dis- patches to Dr. Franklin announcing the defeat of Burgoyne and asking for clothing and stores for the army. He was a state senator for several terms, and elected state treasurer, and subse- quently secretary of state. He died May 10, 1826, in Boston, Mass. AUSTIN, JONATHAN WILLIAMS, soldier, was born April 18, 1751, in Bos- ton, Mass. He was graduated at Harvard in 1769; studied law in the office of John Adams, and admitted to the bar in 1772. In the Middlesex convention in 1774 he was chairman of the committee that drew up the resolutions. He served as a ma- jor In the revolutionary war, and was commandant at Castle William in 1776. He died in 1778 in the south. AUSTIN, MOSES. Texan pioneer, was born in Durham. Conn. He removed to the west in 1798, and engaged in lead mining. In 1S20 he went to Texas, and from Bexar forwarded to the Mexican commandant at Monterey a petition for permission to colonize three hundred American families in that section. Re- turning to Missouri in search of emi- grants, he was robbed and exposed to hardships that caused his death. The Mexican authorities granted a tract of land for a colony, and his son, Stephen F. Austin, founded the settlement. He died June 10, 1821. in Louisiana. AUSTIN. SAMUEL, clergyman, college president, author, was born Oct. 7, 1760, in New Haven, Conn. He was a congrega- tional clergyman of Worcester, Mass, 1790-1815, and afterwards president of the University of Vermont. He was the au- thor of Views of the Church; Theolog- ical Essays; and Letters on Baptism. He died Dec. 4, 1830, in Glastonbury, Conn. AUSTIN, STEPHEN F., founder of the state of Texas, was born about 1790. In 1821 he conducted a party of emigrants from New Orleans to take possession of a tract of land granted to his father by the Mexican government, and they set- tled where the city of Austin now stands. In 1833 the Texas colonists formed a con- stitution, and applied for admission to the Mexican confederacy, but Mexico be- ing in a state of anarchy, he failed to find recognition. In 1835 he went as com- missioner to the United States to promote the liberation of Texas from Mexico, but did not live to see it admitted into the Union. He died Dec. 27, 1836, in Texas. AUSTIN. WILLIAM, lawyer, author, was born March 2, 1778, in Charlestown. Mass. He was a Boston lawyer whose best claim to remembrance is that he was author of the famous sketch Peter Rugg. the Missing Man, which appeared in the New England Galaxy in 1824. It is a very remarkable imaginative study that in some respects anticipates the later work of Hawthorne. Other works of his are Letters from London; and The Hu- man Character of Jesus Christ. He died June 27, 1841, in Charlestown, Mass. AUSTIN, WILLIAM HARVEY, lawyer, state senator, was born Oct. 22, 1859, in Binghamton. N. Y. He came to Wiscon- sin in the spring of 1869 and settled at Portage City; moved to Milwaukee in 1871, where he has practiced law since 1879. In 1880 and 1881 he was assistant district attorney for Milwaukee county; was school commissioner in 1889; and was appointed assistant city attorney of fhe city of Milwaukee in 1890; and was city attorney in 1891. In the fall of 1892 he was elected to the Wisconsin state assem- bly upon the republican ticket from the fifteenth and sixteenth wards; he was the unanimous choice of his party for speaker during the session of 1893. In the fall of 1894 he was elected state senator. AUSTRIAN, JOSEPH, merchant, was born Sept. 15, 1833, in Bavaria. About 1882 the interests were consolidated un- der the name of the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Transportation company, Mr. Austrian being elected the general manager, which office he yet holds. The company now operates six excellent steamers. The magnificent Manitou, the finest steel passenger steamer on the lakes, was added to the fleet in 1893. Mr. Austrian has an interest in the Mastodon Iron company, near Crystal Falls. Mich., of which he has always been secretary and treasurer. AVANN. ELLA H. BROCKWAY, edu- cator, was born May 20, 1853. in Newaygo, Mich. In 1871 she graduated from the Albion college of Michigan; and subse- quently became preceptress of that insti- tution. She filled the chair of English literature and also lectured on the his- tory of music. For ten years she was president of the Woman's Foreign Mis- sionary society; makes frequent contri- butions to the religious press; and holds official positions in various literary, social and benevolent societies. AVER, HENRY OGDEN, architect, was born Jan. 31, 1852, in Brooklyn, N. Y. He designed monuments and mortuary chapels, as well as houses of very notable excellence. He died April 30, 1890, in New York city. 60 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. AVERELL, WILLIAM WOODS, soldier, was born Nov. 5, 1832, in Cameron. N. Y. He was engaged with the army of the Po- tomac In its most important cam- paigns. In March, 1863, he began the series of cavalry raids in western Vir- ginia that made his ^ name famous. He started with a force of 5,000 men and drove the confeder- ates out of Green- brier county, captur- ing three guns and about one hundred prisoners. In De- cember he was again in motion, advanc- ing with a strong force into southwest- ern Virginia. In Dec. 16 he struck the Virginia and Tennessee railroad at Sa- lem, Gen. Longstreet's base of supplies. He destroyed the railroad, severing an important line of communication between the confederate generals Lee and Bragg, and burned a large quantity of provis- ions, clothing, and military equipments. AVERETT, THOMAS H., congressman, was born in Virginia. He was a resident of Halifax county; and was elected a representative in congress from the third district in that state, from 1849 to 1853. AVERILL, JOHN T., manufacturer, general, state senator, congressman, was born March 1, 1825. in Alna, Maine. He completed his studies at the Maine Wes- leyan university: was a manufacturer; and was elected to the state senate of Minnesota in 1858-59. He entered the union army in 1862 as lieutenant-colonel of the sixth Minnesota infantry, and was mustered out in 1865, as brigadier-gen- eral of volunteers. He was elected to the forty-second and forty-third congresses. AVERY, ALEXANDER R., lawyer, was born Nov. 14, 1846, in Canada. He began the practice of law at Port Huron, Mich.; and was appointed city attorney in 1876; was prosecuting attorney in 1884-87; and in 1891 he was appointed postmaster; and in 1881 was elected great commander of the order of the Knights of Maccabees. AVERY. ALIDA CORNELIA, physician, was born June 11, 1833, in Sherburne, N. Y. She taught in sundry schools in New York state; was resident physician and professor of physiology and hygiene in Vassar college from 1865-74; and presi- dent of the Colorado State Suffrage asso- ciation in 1876-77. AVERY, ALPHONSO CALHOUN, sol- dier, lawyer, jurist, was born Sept. 11. 1837, in Morganton, N. C. He entered the army in 1861, and was commissioned first lieutenant; in 1862 was elected captain; and the same year was appointed major and assistant adjutant-general. At the close of the war he resumed the practice of law, and in 1888 he was nominated as- sociate justice of the supreme court of North Carolina for a term of eight years. AVERY, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, manufacturer, was born Dec. 3, 1801, in Aurora, N. Y. The principal products of his industry were cotton sweeps, and chilled, wheel gang, shovel, steel, subsoil and sulky plows. The old firm are now- incorporated with a capital of $1,500,000. the stock being owned almost wholly by the Avery family. The founder was a man of great force of character and busi- ness genius and became one of the most highly regarded citizens of Louisville. Ky. AVERY, BENJAMIN PARKE, journal- ist, author, was born in 1829, in New York city. He was a Californian journalist who was appointed minister to China in 1874; and was the author of Californian Pictures in Prose and Verse. He was one of the founders of the San Francisco Art- association. He died on Nov. 8, 1875, in Pekin, China. AVERY, CATHARINE HITCHCOCK TILDEN, educator, author, was born Dec. 13, 1844, in Monroe, Mich. In 1867 she graduated from the Framingham Nor- mal school of Massachusetts; and at- tained success in educational -work. In 1870 she -ft-as married to Dr. Leroy M. Avery, the author of a series of text- books on natural philosophy and chem- istry. She is president of the East End Conversational club of Cleveland, Ohio; and has held high positions in various organizations of that city. AVERY, DANIEL, congressman, was elected a representative from Cayuga county in congress from New York from 1811 to 1815; and again from 1816 to 1817. AVERY, ELROY McKENDREE, Ph. D.. LL. D., soldier, journalist, legislator, au- thor, was born July 14, 1844, in Erie, Mich. He served with distinction through the civil war; en- listed in the first company that went from Monroe to the front, and w-as pro- moted to sergeant- major. During his military service he also acted as corre- spondent of the De- troit Daily Tribune. In 18 ;i he graduateOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BAKER, JEHU, lawyer, diplomat, con- gressman, was born Nov. 4, 1822, in Fay- ette county, Ky. He attended common schools and McKendree college, but did not graduate; and subsequently received from the latter institution the honorary degrees of M. A. and LL. D. He studied medicine for a time; is a lawyer; was master iu chancery of St, Clair county 1861-'65; was elected to the thirty-ninth, fortieth, and fiftieth congresses; and served as United States minister resident to Venezuela in 1878-81 and 1882-85. He was minister resident and consul-gener- al for a time during the closing part of this service, and was elected to the fifty- fifth congress as a fusionist. BAKER, JOANNA, educator, linguist, ■was born Feb. 14, 1862, in New Rochelle. 111. She received a thorough education; is a fine linguist; and now fills the chair of Greek, language, literature and philoso- phy in the Simpson college of Indianola, Iowa, As a lecturer she has also attained success. BAKER, JOHN, lawyer, congressman. He was a representative in congress from Virginia from 1811 to 1813. He died Aug. 18, 1823, in Sheperdstown, Va. BAKER, JOHN H., lawyer, state sen- ator, congressman, was born Feb. 28, 1832. in Parma township, N. Y. He removed, studied law, and commenced practice in Goshen, Ind., in 1857. He was state sen- ator in 1862; in 1874 was elected a repre- sentative from Indiana to the forty-fourth congress and was re-elected to the forty- flfth and forty-sixth congresses. BAKER, JOSHUA, was born March 23. 1799, in Kentucky. He graduated from West Point in 1819, and at his death on April 15, 1893, he was the oldest graduate in existence. He practiced law in Mary's parish, and in 1839 was appointed judge. In 1867 he was appointed governor of the state by Genera! Hancock. BAKER, JULIA KEIM WBTHERILL, journalist, author, was born July 18, 1858, In Woodville, Miss, She received her ed- ucation in Philadelphia, Pa. Her hus- band, Marion A. Baker, is the literary ed- itor of the New Orleans Times-Democrat; and for the past six years she has been employed as literary critic and editorial writer on the staff of that journal. She is the author of a novel entitled Wings. BAKER, LAFAYETTE C, patriot, au- thor, was born Oct, 13, 1826, in Stafford, N. Y. He was chief of the United States secret service during the civil war; and in 1862 the bureau became attached to the war department, and he was commission- ed colonel, and subsequently brigadier- general. He was the author of a work entitled History of the United States Se- cret Service. He died July 2, 1868, in Philadelphia, Pa. BAKER, LEWIS, journalist, legislator, was born in 1832, in Belmont county. Ohio. He was educated in the log school- house and the coun- ' try printing office; admitted to practice jtk^.. law in the supreme /KF^ and other courts of ln|M» 40 Ohio; and declined * " * his party nomina- ^ ■ ' tion to congress when in his 25th v,^; year. He has edited d^'J. . and published at dif- ferent periods the Cambridge Jeffer- sonian, Ohio; Daily Ohio Statesman, of Columbus; Daily Au- rora, of Zanesville; the Wheeling Regis- ■ ter, M''est Virginia, and the St. Paul Globe, Minnesota. He has been a member and presiding officer of the West Virginia state senate; president of the St. Paul school board; and envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Nicarau- gua, Costa Rica, and Salvador. He has been connected with many business en- terprises, and has always taken an active part in politics, and was a member of the two democratic national conventions of 1884 and 1892. BAKER, LOUISA S., clergyman, writer, was born Oct. 17, 1846, in Nantucket. Mass. For many years she was engaged iu educational work; is now pastor of the First congregational church of Nantuck- et, Mass.; and is well-known as a success- ful contributor to current literature. BAKER. LUCIEN. lawyer, congress- man, was born in 1S46 in Ohio. Shortly after he removed with his parents to Michigan, but in 1869 he removed to Kan- sas and settled in Leavenworth, where he has since resided, engaged iu the practice of law. He was elected to the United States senate as a republican in 1895. His term of service will expire March 3, 1901. BAKER, LUTHER ELIJAH, financier, was born Jan. 1, 1865, in Melrose, Va. He accepted the position of bookkeeper, and afterward assistant secretary and secre- tary of the Iowa Mutual Benefit associa- tion, one of the oldest institutions of its kind In the west. He is official corre- spondent of the American Protective Tar- iff league and director of ihe Toledo Sav- ings bank. BAKER, MARCUS, explorer, was born Sept. 23, 1849, in Ostemo, Mich. He was educated at Kalamazoo college and the university of Michigan, graduating in 1870; in 1870-'71 was made professor of mathematics in Albion college, and in 1871-'73 tutor of mathematics in the uni- versity of Michigan. In 1873 he became connected with the U. S. Coast and Geo- detic survey, attaining in 1886 the grade ol assistant geographer. During this time he spent several years in explorations and surveys in Alaska, and traversed the en- tire Pacific coast from southern Califor- nia to the Arctic ocean. In 1882 he was in charge of the Los Angeles magnetic observatory, established by the U. S. sig- nal service. BAKER, NATHANIEL BRADLEY, governor, was born Sept. 29, 1818, in Henniker, N. H. For three years he was joint proprietor and editor of the New Hampshire Patriot. He was elected to the legislature in 1851, was chosen speak- er of the house, and served two terms. He was a presidential elector in 1852, and in 1854 was elected governor of the state on the democratic ticket. He was elected to the Iowa legislature in 1859. In 1861 ne was appointed adjutant-general of Iowa. He died Sept. 11, 1876, in Des Moines, Iowa. BAKER, OSMOND OLEANDER, cler- gyman, was born July 30, 1812, in Marlow, N. H. He was a professor in the Gen- eral Biblical institute of Concord, N. H.. and in 1847 was president of the same; bishop of the methodist episcopal church in 1852-'71, and wrote A Guide Book iu the Administration of Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died Dec. 20, 1871, in Concord, N. H. BAKER. OSMYN, lawyer, congressman, was born May 18, 1800, in Amherst, Mass. He graduated at Yale college in 1822; adopted the profession of the law. and was a member of the Massachusetts legis- lature in 1833 and 1834. He was a repre- sentative in congress from his native s'.ate from 1839 to 1845, and was state councilor in 1853 and 1854. BAKER. PETER CARPENTER, pub- lisher, author, was born March 25, 1822, in North Hempstead. N. Y. In 1865 he established the law-publishing firm of Ba- ker, Voorhis and Co.. which is still in ex- istence and has a large catalogue. Mr. Baker was one of the founders of the Metropolitan Literary association, edited the Steam Press, a patriotic periodical, during the civil war (1861-'5), and origi- nated the plan for a statue of Benjamin Franklin in Printing-house square. New York, which was given by Albert De Groot. He has published addresses and monographs. BAKER, PHILIP PONTIUS, state sen- ator, was born Jan. 14, 1846, in Cowan, Pa. In 1869 he moved to Vineland. N. J., where, under the firm name of Baker Bros., they built up an extensive trade in the business of general merchandising. In 1881 he was elected to the assembly, and 1886 was a member of the New Jer- sey senate. He was one of the founders and president of the Tradesman bank, and one of the leading spirits iu the de- velopment of Sea Isle City, N. J. BAKER, ROBERT HALL, manufactur- er, was born June 27, 1839, in Lake Gene- va. Wis. Through an acquaintance with the late Jerome I. Case, manufacturer of threshing machines, Mr. Baker was final- ly induced to become a partner in Mr. Case's firm, and he remained successfully engaged in that business until death. He was state senator of Wisconsin in 1872- '76, and mayor of Racine in 1874 BAKER, SARAH WOODS, author, was born in 1824, in New Haven, Conn. She is the author of the following works: The Babes in the Basket; The Aunt Friendly Books; Timid Lucy; Pictures of Swe- dish Life; Our Elder Brother; Salt; and six volumes of stories. Her maiden name was Sarah Tuthill. Mrs. Woods-Baker re- sides in Sweden. BAKER, STEPHEN, merchant, con- gressman, was born Aug. 12, 1819, iu New York city. At an early age he engaged in mercantile pursuits, from which he re- tired in 1849 to a country seat in Dutchess county, N. Y. He was elected a represent- ative from New York to the thirty-sev- enth congress. BAKER, WILLIAM, educator, lawyer, congressman, was born April 29, 1831. in Washington county. Pa. He was brought up on a farm and graduated from Waynesburg college in 1856. He followed teaching as a profession a number of \(rars. and while teaching studied law and was admitted to the bar. For the last thirteen years he has been engaged in farming and stock raising in Lincoln county, Kans.; and was elected to the fif- ty-second, fifty-third and fifty-fourth con- gresses. BAKER, WILLIAM B.. merchant, con- gressman, was born July 22, 1840, near Aberdeen, Md. He was educated at pub- lic and private schools; worked upon a farm until thirty-two years of age, when he commenced fruit packing, and has been engaged in that business ever since. He has frequently been a delegate to state and congressional conventions, and al- though his county is strongly democratic, he was elected to the house of delegates as a republican in 1881 and to the state senate in 1893. He was elected to the fif- ty-fourth and re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican. BAKER, WILLIAM H., artist, was born in 1825, in Lenox, N. Y. One of his best portraits is that of Bishop Quintard of Tennessee, painted for the episcopal general convention. He died May 29. 1875, in Brooklyn, N. Y. HEKKINGSHAWS KNC Vl LI )PKL)I A A.MKHICAN BIOCRAI'H Y 71 BAKEK, WILLIAM H.. educator, law- yer, congressman, was born Jan. IT, 1827. in Lenox, N. Y. He removed with his parents to Oswego county in 1829, and re- ceived his education at the common schools. He became a mechanic and then a school teacher; studied law, and came to the bar in 18.51. In 1S62 was elected district attorney for Oswego county; re- elected in 1866, and in 1874 was chosen a representative from New York to the for- ty-fourth congress; and was re-elected to the forty-fifth congress. BAKER, WILLIAM MUMFORD. cler- gyman, author, was born June 27, 182.5. in Washington, D. C. He was a popular nov- elist who was a presbyterian clergyman in the southwest until 1870, and after- wards the pastor of a church in Boston. He was a vigorous writer of considerable originality, whose earlier works possess historic interest as pictures of a now past stage of civilization in the southern states. He was the author of Inside a Chronicle of Secession; The Virginians in Texas; Oak Mot; The New Timothy; Mose Evans: His Majesty Myself; Blessed St. Certainty; Thirlmore; Carter Quar- terman: A Year Worth Living; Colonel Dimwoddie: Millionaire; The Making of a Man: The Ten Theophanies: the Mani- festations of Christ before His Birth in Bethlehem; and John Westacott. a juve- nile tale. He died Aug. 20, 1883. in South Boston, Mass. BAKER, WILLIAM SPOHN. antiqua- rian, author, was born April 17, 1824, in Philadelphia, Pa. He possesses a collec- tion of engraved portraits of George Washington which is the most complete that is known; and his number of medals of Washington is second only to that of William S. Appleton. of Boston; while his collection of biographies of Washington is the most noted in existence. He is the author of Origin and Antiquity of En- graving: American Engravers and their Works; William Sharp. Engraver, and His Works; Engraved Portraits of Wash ington; Medallic Portraits of Washing- ton; Character Portraits of Washington: Bibliotheca Washingtoniana; and Itiner ary of George Washington. BALBACH. EDWARD, smelter, refiner, inventor, was born March 19. 1804, in Germany. He patented a de-silverizing process, which has completely revolu- tionized the smelting of gold and silver in this country and in Europe, and which brought to his works a continual stream of consignments of gold and silver ores from all the western states and territories and Mexico, and afterward incorporated the business, with himself as president, as The Balbach Smelting and Refining Co. of Newark, N. J. He died Oct. 14, 1890. BALBACH, EDWARD, metallurgist, in- ventor, was born July 4, 1839, in Ger- many. In 1864 he obtained letters pat- ent for a new de-silverizing process for argentiferous lead, which was afterward known as the Balbach Process. He also invented the water jacket used for smelt- ing and refining furnaces. In 1891 he was appointed president of the Balbach Smelt- ing and Refining Co. BALBACH. LEOPOLD, metallurgist. was born March 17, 1847. in Germany. He founded and incorporated the Omaha Smelting and Refiring company of Oma- ha. Neb.; also established similar works at Chicago, 111., and at Denver, Colo. For some past years he has been an exten- sive mine operator. BALCH, ALFRED, jurist. He was an early emigrant to the territory of Flori- da, and in 1S40 was appointed one of the Tnited States judges for that territory. BALCH. GEORGE BEALL. naval offi- cer, was born Jan. 3, 1821, in Tennessee. He served in the Mexican war. and in 1850 was commissioned lieutenant. In 1861 he enlisted in the United States navy to serve in the civil war, and attained the rank of rear admiral. From 1S79-'81 he was superintendent of the naval academy at Annapolis, Md. BALCH, WILLIAM STEVENS, clergy- man, author. He was born in 1806 in Ver- mont. He was a universalist clergyman, long resident at Elgin, 111.; and author of Lectures on Language; Grammar of the English Language; Ireland as I Saw It; and A Peculiar People. He died in 18S7. BALDRIDGE, WILLIAM M., lawyer, legisl^or, was born March 13, 1863, in Saline County, Ark. He graduated from the Little Rock university, and from the law department of the Vanderbilt uni- versity. He has attained success as an eminent lawyer of his native state at Benton, and served as a representative in the Arkansas state legislature in 1893 and again in 1897. BALDWIN, ABEL SEYMOUR, physi- cian, state legislator, was born March 19, 1811, in Fulton, N. Y, He was the first president of the Florida, Atlantic and Gulf railroad; in 1852 was elected to the Florida legislature; in 1859 was a state senator, and in 1863 was made medical director of Florida and Georgia. BALDWIN, .ABRAHAM, lawyer, states- man, was born Nov. 6, 1754, in Guilford, Conn. He was a graduate of Yale college in 1772, and from 1775 to 1779 was a tutor in that insti- tution. Having stu- died law, settled in Savannah. Ga. ; soon after his arrival there was chosen a member of the leg- \ ^^BH islature; originated ||A ^^^^^ the plan of the uni- Jm^ ^^^^^^ versify of Georgia, Hi^ ^ - jH/^^^^^ drew up the charter, persuaded the as- sembly to adopt it, and was for some time its president; was a member of the con- tinental congress from 1785 to 1788, and a member of the convention which framed the constitution of the United States, which he duly signed. From 1789 to 1799 he was a representative in con- gress from Georgia, and from 1799 to ISO? was a member of the United States sen- ate. He died March 4, 1807, in Washing- ton, D. C. BALDWIN, ALBERT, merchant, man- ufacturer, financier, was born in 1834 in Watertown, Mass. He is now president of the hardware corporation of A. Bald- win and Co. of New Orleans. La., and is a prominent factor in the business world. BALDWIN. ALEXANDER W., lawyer, jurist, was born in 1835 in .\labama. He received a legal education and settled in Virginia City, Nev. ; in his thirtieth year was appointed United States judge for Nevada. His father, Joseph G. Baldwin, was the author of a popular book entitled The Flush Times of Alabama and Missis- sippi, and was judge of the supreme court of California. He was killed by a railroad accident Nov. 15, 1869, at Alameda, Cal. BALDWIN, ASHBEL, clergyman, was born March 7, 1757, in Litchfield, Conn. He served as a quartermaster in the revo- lutionary war, and was ordained by Bish- op Seabury in 1785 — the first episcopal or- dination in this country. He had preached about 10.000 times, baptized 3.010. married ()00 couples, and assisted at the burial of about 3,000 individuals. He died Feb. & 1846, in Rochester, N. Y. BALDWIN. AUGUSTUS C, lawyer, congressman, was born Dec. 24. 1817, in Salina, N. Y. In 1837 he emigrated to Michigan and settled in Oakland county; taught school, and at the same time stu- died law, and came to the bar in 1842, In 1844 and 1846 was elected to the legis- lature of Michigan: in 1852 and 1854 was prosecuting attorney for his adopted county, and was a delegate to the Charleston and Baltimore conventions of 1860. In 1862 he was elected a represent- ative from Michigan to the thirty-eighth congress. BALDWIN, CHARLES H., naval ofii- cer, was born Sept. 3, 1822, in New York city. He entered the navy in 1839. In the war with Mexico he served on the frigate Congress, and in 1861 commanded the steamer Clifton. January, 1883, he was raised to the rank of rear admiral, and assigned to the command of the Mediter- ranean squadron, and in 1884 was placed on the retired list. He died Nov. 17, 1888, in New York city. BALDWIN, DANIEL PRATT, lawyer, jurist, author, was born March 22, 1837, in Madison county, N. Y. He graduated from Cagmina seminary in 1852, the Col- gate university in 1856, and from the Co- lumbia Law school in 1860. He was judge of the circuit court in 1870. and attorney- general of Indiana in 1880. He is a plat- form speaker and a successful man of af- fairs. II BALDWIN, DAVID C, merchant, legis- lator, was born Sept. 18, 1836, in Elyria, Ohio. He entered mercantile business with his father and others in Elyria, Ohio, in 1855, continuing therein until 1893. As first lieutenant in the one hun- dred days service he was actively en- gaged in some lively skirmishes in West Virginia, where John Brown located. He has been connected with the historical so- ciety at Cleveland, Ohio, as incorporator and trustee, and is the donor of a fine archseological collection from American and foreign sources. He was elected to the seventy-second Ohio general assembly as a republican. BALDWIN, EDWIN THOMAS, compos- er, was born July 19, 1832, in New Ips- wich, N. H. He is a composer of band music and sacred quartettes, and presi- dent of the New Hampshire State asBO- ciation. BALDWIN, FREDERICK W., lawyer, author, was born Sept. 29, 1848, in Low- ell, Vt. He is one of the leading law- yers of Vermont at Barton, and the au- thor of Biography of the Bar of Orleans County, Vt. He has been presidential elector, and is prominent in the public enterprises of Barton, Vt., notably that of the Barton Manufacturing company and the Barton Hotel company. BALDWIN, GEORGE COLFAX, cler- gyman, author, was born Oct, 21, 1817, in Pompton, N. J. He graduated from Mad- ison university of Hamilton. N. Y., and has been for many years pastor of the First baptist church in Troy, N. Y. He is author of Representative Women of the Bible; Representative Men of the New Testament; and The Model Prayer: a vol- ume of lectures and other works. BALDWIN, GEORGE VAN NEST, law- yer, was born .Ian. 23, 1838, in New York city. He is one of the ablest lawyers connected with the bar of New York, and the latter years of his life have been oc- cupied more in the line of consultations than in court work. 72 HKRRINGSHAWS ENCYfLOPEDIA (IF AMKRICAN BIOGRAPHY. BALDWIN, HENRY, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Jan. 14, 1780, in New Haven, Conn. He graduated at Yale college in 1797; was a representative in congress from Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1822, when lie resigned. He was a dis- tinguished lawyer, and was for many years associate judge of the supreme court of the United States. He died April 21, 1844, in Philadelphia, Pa. BALDWIN, HENRY CLAY, lawyer, legislator, was born Nov. 5, 1867, in Lau- rel county, Ky. After graduating he taught school for seven years, and in 1895 was elected a member of the Kentucky state legislature from the seventy-flrst legislative district. BALDWIN, HENRY PORTER, state senator, governor. United States senator was born Feb. 22, 1814, in Coventry, R. I. In 1838 he moved to Detroit, Mich; became president of the Second national bank of Detroit; and was for two years a state senator. In 1868 he was elected governor of Michigan, to which position he brought a full store of general infor- mation gathered from foreign travel and the study of men and books; and re-elect- ed in 1870 for a second term. In 1879 he was appointed United States senator to fill a vacancy. BALDWIN, .lAMES MARK, educator, author, was born Jan. 12, 1861, in Colum- bia, S. C. In 1884 he graduated from the Princeton university, and has attained success as an educator. During 1887-89 he was professor in the Lake Forest uni- versity; professor in the university of Toronto during 1890-93; and since 1893 has been professor in the Princeton uni- versity. In 1897 he was elected president of the American Psychological associa- tion; and the same year was awarded a gold medal by the Royal academy of Den- mark. He is the author of Psychology; Elements of Psychology; Mental Devel- opment in the Child and Man; and a translation of Ribot's German Psychology of To-Day. BALDV/IN, JEDUTHAN. soldier was horn Jan. 13, 1732, in Woburn, Mass. He commanded a company during the French and Indian war, and served in the expe- dition against Crown Point during the au- tumn of 1775. He served under General St. Clair at Ticonderoga in 1777, and with his regiment was at West Point in 1780 He was a memoer of the Massachusetts provincial congress in 1774-75. He died June 4, 1788, in Brookfield, Mass. BALDWIN, JOHN, 'congressman, was born in Windham, Conn. He was a rep- resentative in congress from that state from 1825 to 1829. BALDWIN, JOHN D., journalist con- gressman, author, was born Sept. 28 1810 in North Stonington, Conn. In 1842 he became associated with the press lirst in Hartford, and then in Boston, knd was editor of the Daily Commonwealth, a wri- ter for the Advertiser, and subsequently became the proprietor of the Worcester Spy. He was a delegate to the Chicago convention of I860; and in 1862 was elect- ed a representative from Massachusetts to the thirt.v-eighth and thirtv-ninth con- gress, and in 1866 was elected to the for- tieth congress. For many years he was particularly devoted to the study of an- cient history, and was the author of Pre- Historic Nations; Ancient America; and Raymond Hill and other poems. He died July 8, 1883, in Worcester, Mass. BALDWIN. JOSEPH, educator, author was born Oct. 31, 1827, in New Castle, Pa. For half a century he has been engaged in educational work. He was president of the normal schools in Indiana for ten years; president of the North Missouri state normal school of Kirksville during 1871-81; president of the Texas state nor- mal school of Huntsville during 1881- 91; and since that time has been pro- fessor of pedagogy in the university of Texas. This eminent educator is the author of Art of School Management; Elementary Psychology; Psychology Ap- plied to the Art of Teaching; and School Management and School Method.'^. BALDWII^, JOSEPH ELIAS, lawyer, legislator, was born Aug. 22, 1826, in New York city. In 1846 he graduated from the Wabash college of Crawfordsville, Ind., and taught school several years after graduation. He studied law in Buffalo, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In 1864 he was elected a member of the Missouri state senate from Potosl, Mo., and served with distinction for two years. BALDWIN, JOSEPH G., jurist, author, was born in 1811 in Sumter, Ala. He was a popular humorous writer and a ju- rist of prominence in Alabama, and after- ward of California, of which state he be- came chief justice. He is the author of Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi; and Party Leaders, able papers on south- ern statesmen. He died Sept. 30, 1864, in San Francisco, Cal. BALDWIN, MRS, LYDIA WOOD, au- thor, was born in 1836 in Massachusetts. She is the author of Rubina; and A Yan- kee Sohool-Teacher in Virginia. BALDWIN, MARY H., educator, au- thor, was born May 31, 1841, in Craw- fordsville, Ind. For many years she taught with success in Glendale and Rut- gers female colleges. She is the author of Voice-Placing for Elocution; Speech and Song; and teaches in New York city the way to restore lost voices by her methods. BALDWIN, MATTHIAS WILLIAM, lo- comotive builder, was born Dec. 10, 1795. Under the name of M. W. Baldwin and Co. he started on a small scale the great works which yet bear his name. In 1835 fourteen engines were produced, and the next year forty, and the works now have a capacity of 1,200 engines per year. He died Sept. 7, 1866, in Philadelphia, Pa. BALDWIN, MELVIN R., was born April 12, 1838, in Windsor county, Vt. He removed to V/isconsin in 1847; entered Lawrence university of Appleton in 1855; studied law. and then adopted civil engineering as a profession. He was engaged on Chicago and Northwestern railway till April 19, 1861, when he en- listed as a private in company E, second Wisconsin infantry, brigaded with tlie Iron brigade. He was slightly wounded at the first and severely wounded at the second battle of Bull Run; and promoted to captain of his company. He was cap- tured at Gettysburg and confined in Lib- by, Charleston, and Columbia. He made two escapes, but was recaptured, and was finally exchanged after seventeen months' imprisonment. He removed to Minnesota in 1875, and has resided in Duluth since 1885; and president of Duluth chamber of commerce since 1886. He twice de- clined congressional nomination; and was elected to the fifty-third congress as a democrat. .At close of congressional term he was appointed by President Cleveland chairman of the Chippewa Indian com- mission, holding this position until 1897. BALDWIN, RODERICK, soldier, jour- nalist, lawyer, was horn May 17, 1833, in Stanford, N. Y. In 1S62 he enlisted' as first lieutenant in the one hundred and twenty-ninth New York infantry, and from 1863-64 was detailed judge advocate of the military commission. In 1870 he became editor and proprietor of the Stan- dard of Warrensburg, Mo. BALDWIN, ROGER SHERMAN, law- yer. United States senator, was born Jan. 4, 1793, in New Haven, Conn. In 1837 he was elected to the state sen- ate; re-elected in 1838, and chosen president pro tem- pore of that body; and was a trustee of Yale college in 1838 and 1839. In 1840 and 1841 he was a representative in the general assembly. In 1844 and 1845 he was governor of the state; in 1847 was appointed, and in 1848 elected, to the United States senate by the legislature of Connecticut, serving until 1851. He died Feb. 10, 1863, in New Ha- ven, Conn. BALDV/IN, SIMEON, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Dec. 14, 1761, in Norwich, Conn. He was a representative in congress from Connecticut from 1803 to 1805, and declined a re-election. In 1806 he was appointed, by the legislature, associate judge of the superior court and of the supreme court of errors, and held the oflice until 1817. In 1822 he was chos- en by the general assembly one of the commissioners to locate the Farmington canal, and was made president of that board. In 1826 he was elected mayor of New Haven. He died May 26, 1851, in New Haven, Conn. BALDWIN, SIMEON EBEN, lawyer jurist, was born Feb. 5, 1840, in New Ha- ven, Conn. In 1872 he was professor of constitutional law in Yale university. In 1893 he became associate judge of the su- preme court of errors of Connecticut. During 1872-87 he was a member of va- rious state commissions for the revision of laws on education, pleading, taxation and general statutes. In 1890 he was president of the American Bar associa- tion; president of the American Social Science association in 1897; and during 1884-96 was president of the New Haven Colony Historical society. BALDWIN, THERON, missionary, was born July 21, 1801, in Goshen, Conn. He went as a missionary to Illinois in 1S29, but in 1831 he went east to solicit funds for the Illinois college, opened in Jack- sonville. He was first principal of Mon- ticello seminary. He died April 10. 1870, in Orange, N. J. BALDWIN, THOMAS, clergyman, was born Dec. 23, 1753. in Bozrah. Conn. In 1773 he was elected to the Connecticut state legislature; in 1790 was installed pastor of the Second baptist church of Boston; and in 1803 he published the American Baptist Missionary Magazine. He died Aug. 29. 1825, in Waterville, Maine. BALDWIN, AVILLIAM ASHBRIDGE, railroad president, was born June 28. 1835, in Philadelphia, Pa. Since 1893 he has been president of the Cleveland and Ma- rietta railway. II KRHIXIiSHAWS KNCYCLOPKUI A OF A.MKRICAN BIOOKAPII Y. 7a BALDWIN. W. H., railroad manager. In 1S88-90 he was general manager of the Montana Union railway, of which he was also president for a short time. He has been assistant vice-president of the Union Pacific railway at Omaha, Neb.; was gen- eral manager of the Flint and Pere Mar- quette railroad during 1891-94; and since 1895 has been second vice-president of the Southern railway at Washington, D. C. BALDWIN, WILLIAM S., railroad man- ager, was born Jan. 18, 1833, in Clarke county, Ga. Since 1852 he has been in the railway service; since 1885 has been supervisor of the Louisville and Nash- ville railroad; and since 1889 supervisor of the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West railway at Sanford, Fla. ' BALDWIN, WILLIAM W., railroad president, was born Sept. 28, 1845, in Keosauqua. Iowa. He is president of the St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern rail- road; and also of the Chicago, Burling- ton and Kansas City railway. BALDWIN, WINFRED, clergyman, was born Feb. 11. 1851, in Blenheim, N. Y. In 1872 he graduated from the New York Conference seminary; and six years later from the Boston University School of Theology. For eleven years he was a member of the East Maine conference of the methodist episcopal church; and since 1889 has been a ipember of the North Dakota conference. BALES, ELISHA J., physician, was born in 1850 In Xenla, Ohio. He grad- uated from the Cincinnati Medical and Surgical college; and has attained emi- nence as a prominent physician of Pacific Junction, Iowa, where be is United States pension examiner, and examiner for the New York Life and the Mutual Insurance companies. BALESTIER, CHARLES WOLCOTT, author, was born Dec. 30, 1861, In Roches- ter, N. Y. He was an American writer who established himself as a publisher In London, and whose sister was married to Rudyard Kipling, the novelist. He was the author of A Fair Device; Life of Blaine; A Victorious Defeat; Benefits Forgot; The Naulahka, with Rudyard Kipling, and A Common Story. He died In 1891. BALKE, JULIUS, manufacturer, was born March 30, 1830, in Germany. In 1879 the New York billiard manufacturer, W. II. Collender, joined his corporation, and business has been conducted since then by The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. BALL. BYRON D., lawyer, state sena- tor, was born July 19, 1844. in Rochester. N. Y. In 1871-72 he was state senator of Michigan, and was chairman of the com- mittee of railroads. He was elected at- torney-general of Michigan in 1872 and served up to 1874. when he resigned on account of ill health. He built a block of stores in Grand Rapids, and was inter- ested with his father in other enterprises. BALL, CHARLES P., soldier, railroad manager, was born Aug. 16, 1837, In Mont- gomery county, Ala. Since 1853 he has been in the railroad service as civil en- gmeer and general manager. During 1857- 61 he attended the West Point academy, and served with distinction in the confed- erate army during the civil war. Since 1888 he has been general manager of the East and West railroad of Alabama at Cartersville, Ga. BALL. EDWARD, congressman was born in Virginia. He was a representa- tive in congress from Ohio from 1853 to 1855, and was re-elected to the thirty- fcurth congress. BALL, EPHRAIM, inventor, was born Aug. 12, 1812, In Greentown, Ohio. The Ohio Mower was invented by Mr. Ball In 1854, and afterward he devised the World Mower and Reaper, and in 1858 the Buck- eye Machine was brought out, all of which have sold extensively. He died Jan. 1, 1872, in Canton, Ohio. BALL, GEORGE HARVEY, clergyman, college president, author, was born Dec. T. 1819, in Canada. After graduating from the divinity school of Lewiston, Maine, he taught school in Ohio. For thirty years he was pastor of the baptist church in Buffalo, N. Y.; for seven years was ed- itor of the Baptist Union of New Y'ork city; and in 1892 became president of the Keuka college. New York. He has al- ways taken a deep Interest in govern- mental affairs, and was a member of the first republican convention at Philadel- phia, which nominated John C. Fremont for the presidency. He is the author of several books, and has contributed exten- sively to periodical literature. BALL, GEORGE W. I., lawyer, con- veyancer. He has been connected with railroads as military agent and general passenger and ticket agent; and since 1884 has been chief conveyancer of the Pennsylvania railroad of Philadelphia, Pa. BALL, HERMAN F., civil engineer, railroad manager, was born Dec. 17, 1867, in Altoona, Pa. Since 1884 he has been In the railroad service; has been chief draftsman in the car department of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern rail- road at Cleveland, Ohio; and since 1894 has been general car inspector of that company. BALL, HOWARD J., railroad manager, was born May 23, 1852, In Philadelphia. Pa. Since 1863 he has been in the rail- road service; and since 1887 has been general western passenger agent of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western rail- road at Buffalo, N. Y. BALL, JOHN, lawyer, state legislator, philanthropist, was born Nov. 12. 1794. in Hebron, N. Y. In 1820 he graduated from Dartmouth college; taught school for a number of years; and from 1824 practiced law. In 1837 he settled in Grand Rapids. Mich.: in 1838 he was a representative in the Michigan state legislature; and was interested in schools, geology, lyceums and other local enterprises. He died Feb. 5, 1884, in Grand Rapids. Mich., and willed to that city forty acres of land, which is now known as the John Ball Park. BALL, R. T. MASON, naval officer. In 1880 he entered the navy; In 1881 joined the Mayflower for a practice cruise with naval cadets. In 1884 he joined the monitor fleet and served two years; in 1885 joined the monitor Nantucket at New York for experimental cruise; and subsequently joined the United States naval station at New London, Conn. BALL. THOMAS, sculptor, was born June 3. 1819, in Charlestown, Mass. In early life he was a singer of basso parts In oratorios, and a portrait painter In Boston. About 1852 he devoted himself to modeling, and made a miniature bust of Jenny Lind, another of Daniel Web- ster, and a life-size statue of the states- man. His statue of Webster, in the Cen- tral park of New York city, is his noblest work. BALL. THOMAS H.. lawyer, congress- man, was born Jan. 14, 1859. in Hunts- ville. Tex. He was educated in private schools and Austin college, in his native town; afterwards obtained practical busi- ness training upon a farm and in the mer- cantile business: and served three terms as mayor of Huntsville. He attended lec- tures at the university of Virginia and was elected president of the law class. He was elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a democrat. BALL, WILLIAM CREIGHTON, edu- cator, journalist, was born Dec. 27, 1846, in Terre Haute, Ind. For many years he taught school In his native city; and since 1872 has been proprietor and editor of the Terre Haute Daily, Evening and Weekly Gazette. He has always taken an active part in public affairs, and Is a member of the Terre Haute board of park commissioners. BALL, WILLIAM LEE, congressman, was born in 1779, in Lancaster county, Va. He was a representative In congress from that state from 1817 to 1824. He (lied Feb. 28, 1824, In Washington, D. C. BAtLANCE, ROBERT, railroad man- ager, was born Dec. 22, 1850, in Canada. Since 1866 he has been in the railway ser- vice as machinist to the Michigan Central railroad; and since 1870 general man- ager of the machinist department of the Burlington and Missouri River railroad at Denver, Colo. BALLANTINE, JOHN G.. soldier, law- yer, congressman, was born May 20, 1827, in Pulaski, Tenn. He received a classical education, graduating from the universi- ty of Nashville in 1845. He studied law; graduated from Harvard law school In 1848; and was admitted to the bar. He engaged in planting; removed to Missis- sippi in 1855, and to Memphis, Tenn., in 1860. He served in the confederate army throughout the civil war; and was elected a representative from Tennessee to the forty-eighth and forty-ninth congresses. BALLANTINE, WILLIAM DUNCAN, soldier, civil engineer, state legislator, was born Feb. 21, 1837. near Whitesboro, N. Y. He graduated from the Georgia military institute of Marietta, and has attained note as a successful mechanical and hydraulic engineer. During the civil war he was in the confederate service and attained the rank of lieutenant colo- nel. He has been connected with various railroads as master mechanic and hy- draulic engineer in Georgia and Florida. For four years he was commander of the first battalion Florida state troops; was aid-de-camp on the governor's staff; and in 1S97 he was elected a member of the Florida state legislature from Fernandi- na. BALLANTINE, WILLIAM GAY, edu- cator, college president, was born Dec. 7, 1848, In Washington, D. C. In 1875 he was appointed professor of Greek in the university of Indiana; and in 1891 was elected president of Oberlln college BALLANTYNE, REV. MARLIN J., educator, clergyman, poet, was born Aug. 30 1852, near Brookville, Pa. He re- ceived his education in the public schools and at Dayton Union academy. For seven years he taught school, and for near- ly twenty years has been engaged in the ministry. He is now presiding elder of the Oregon Confer- ence of the United Evangelical Church, president of the La Fayette seminary, and teacher of political economy and ethics in the same institu- tion. He has contributed extensively both prose and verse to the religious;. press. 74 HKKRINGSHAWS ICNC V( ■!,( )P1-;D1 A OF AMKKICAX mfniKAPHV. BALLARD, ANDREW JACKSON, law- yer, journalist, legislator, was born about 1817. In 1842-43 he represented the city of Louisville in the legislature. In 1871 he became the principal political editor of the Louisville Daily and Weekly Com- mercial. BALLARD, AS.\ N,, soldier, physician, surgeon, was born Oct. 17, 1842, in Wil- mington, Ohio. During the civil war he served with distinction in the forty-eighth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, and was lieutenant. For many years he was superintendent of public schools in Illi- nois and Indiana, an(J principal of the Ward school of Indianapolis. He is now a successful physician of Birmingham, Ala.; has been president of the Alabama Homoeopathic association; anu president of the board of pensions of examining sur- geons of Birmingham, Ala. B.ALLARD, BLAND, pioneer, legislator, was born Oct. 16. 1761, in Fredericksburg, Va. As a major of Kentucky volunteers he led an expedition against the British and Indians at the river Raisin, in Michi- gan, in 1814, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was for several terms a member of the Kentucky legislature. Ballard county, Ky., and Blandville, its capital, commemorate his services during the early history of the state. He died Sept. 5, 185.3, in Shelby county, Ky. BALLARD, BLAND W., soldier, pio- neer, legislator, was born Oct. 16, 1761. in Fredericksburg, Va. He was a noted pioneer; served in the war of 1812; and repeatedly represented Shelby county in the Kentucky legislature. He died Sept. 5, 1853. BALLARD, EZRA H,, educator, phy- sician, was born Nov, IS, 1843, in Helena, N. Y. He received his education at the public schools: Fort Covington academy; State Normal school of Albany, N. Y.; and in 1868 graduated from the medical de- partment of the uni- versity of Michigan. During 1871-73 he served as superin- tendent of schools in Emmet county. Iowa; and again during 1885-89. serv- ing nearly eight years. During 1874-79 he was county treasurer: and since 1879 has given his whole attention to the prac- tice of medicine at Westerville. In 1888 he was elected a member of the educa- tional council, and has always taken an active part in educational matters. BALLARD, HARLAN HOGE, educator, author, was born May 26, 1853, in Athens, Ohio. He is the founder and president of The Agassiz association, which was •established in 1875 at Pittsfield, Mass. He is the author of Three Kingdoms; One Thousand Blunders of English Corrected; \\'orld of Matter; and with the Hon. S. Proctor Thayer was joint author of Barnes' Readers, and the American Plant- book. BALLARD, HENRY, lawyer, lecturer, orator, politician, was born April 20, 1839. in Tinmouth, Vt. In 1861 he graduated from the university of Vermont; and from the Albany Law school in 1863. He served one year in the civil war in the ■fifth Vermont volunteer infantry. He lias been city attorney of Burlington. Vt. ; and states attorney of his county. In 1888-89 he was a member of the Vermont liouse of representatives, and a member of the state senate in 1878-79. He was the ^^1, delegate from Vermont to the republican national convention in 1884; and assist- ant secretary of the national republican convention in 1888. He has filled many positions of honor; was one of the char- ter members of the Vermont Commandery of the Loyal Legion, and judge advocate of G. A. R. for Vermont. BALLARD, HENRY E., naval officer, was born in 1785, in Maryland. He was a lieutenant on board the U. S. frigate Con- stitution in her famous action with the British cruisers Cyane and Levant in the bay of Biscay in 1815. He died May 23. 1855, in Annapolis. BALLARD, MINNIE C„ journalist, poet, was born in 1852, in Troy, Pa. Since 1873 she has been a constant contributor of poetry and prose to current literature. BALLARD, TILGHMAN E., journalist, author, was born Nov. 11. 1850, in Boone county, Ind. He received his education at the Smithson college, and the DePauw university. He is best known as a law writer, and president of the Ballard Pub- lishing company of Crawfordsville, Ind. He is the author of Ballards' Real Estate Statutes of Indiana; Ballards' Real Es- tate Statutes of Kentucky; Ballards' Ohio Law of Real Property; and various other works. BALLINGBR, RICHARD ACHILLES, lawyer, jurist, author, was born July 9, 1858, in Boonesboro, Iowa. In 1884 he graduated from the Williams college. Mass.; having previ- ously prepared for ^^^^ ~^^B college at the state "x'^JOl university of Kan- sas, and Washburn college of Topeka. He has been emin- ently successful as a lawyer; acted as U. S. commissioner in 1890-92, under ap- pointment of Dis- trict U. S. Judge Hanford of Washington; and has held the high office of judge of superior court for Jefferson county, Wash. He is the author of Ballinger on Com- munity Property, a law publication cov- ering the property rights of married persons in several of the coast and south- ern states; and also author of Ballinger's Annotated Code and Statutes of Washing- ton. BALLOU, AARON BRYON, physician, scientist, was born July 29, 1831, in Eagle Harbor, N. Y. He is a distinguished scientist and owns one of the best indi- vidual geological and mlneralogical col- lections in the state of Indiana. BALLOU, MRS. ADDIE LUCIA, artist, poet, was born April 29, 1837, in Chagrin Falls, Ohio. She is a successful artist, journalist, and speaker of San Francisco, Cal., in which city she is president of the Nationalist club, BALLOU, ADIN, clergyman, author, was born in 1803 in Rhode Island. He was a universalist clergyman of Milford, Mass., and the author of Christian Non- Resistance Defended; Treatise on Spirit Manifestations; Primitive Christianity and its Corruptions; and History of the Town of Milford. He died in 1890. BALLOI'. AURELIA A., writer, poet, was born in Hannibal, Mo. She is the author of over one thousand letters writ- ten to prominent newspapers, the first being written in 1859, and dated Florence, Italy. She has also contributed many meritorious poems to current literature. and her productions appear in Poets of America and other standard works. BALLOU, DANIEL R., lawyer, legis- lator, was born Aug. 6, 1837, in Smith- field, R. I. He received his education in the schools of Rhode Island and the Brown university. During the civil war ' served as a union Mikiier in the twelfth ii'giment of the Kliode Island voluu- ti'pr infantry and was promoted lieu- ii'nant; also was ro'onel in the Rhode Island militia. He has served as a member of the Rhode Island general as- sembly from Smithfield and Providence. He has been a member of the city council of Providence, and president of the board of aldermen. He has attained promin- ence as an able lawyer, and is the senior member of the law firm of Ballou and Tower of Providence, R. I. BALLOU. DANIEL W.. soldier, journal- ist, was born Feb. 26. 1837. in Cuyahoga P^alls, Ohio. He served as a union soldier in company K, tenth regiment Illinois in- fantry. He participated in fifteen engage- ments, and his dash and bravery became proverbial in the army. He carried an unextricable rebel bullet in his lungs for twenty-three years, and finally died from its effects March 9, 1885, in Oakland, Cal. BALLOU, ELI, D. D., clergyman, jour- nalist, was born Dec. 1, 1808, in Leroy. N. Y. From 1840 to 1870 he was the owner and editor of the universalist periodical, entitled The Christian Repository. He died March 12, 1883. BALLOU, FREDERICK MILTON, manufacturer, legislator, was born June 21, 1818, in Cumberland, R. I. He was a successful woolen manufacturer ai'd rep- resented the city of Baltimore in the state legislature in 1870 and 1883, and for three years was a member of the city council. He died in 1889. BALLOU, HENRY LATIMER, financier, legislator, was born Oct. 14, 1841, in Cam- bridge, Mass. He is a successful financier and treasurer of various banks and socie- ties. He was elected to the Rhode Island state senate in 1888. BALLOU, HOSEA, clergyman, author, was born April 30, 1771, in Richmond, N. H. He is justly regarded as the most distinguished Ballou in America, and two separate volumes have been published to commemorate his celebrity. He was the author of a trea- tise on Atonement; Notes on the Para- bles, and other re- ligious works. He was the founder of universalism, and established the first newspaper devoted to this doctrine. Af- ter sixty years of public service, he died June 7, 1852, in Boston. Mass. BALLOU, HOSEA, clergyman, author, was born Oct. 18. 1796. in Halifax, Vt. He i\as a universalist clergyman and the first president of Tufts college in 1854-61. He was the author of Ancient History of Uni- versalism. He died May 27. 1861. in Somerville, Mass, BALLOU, HOSEA, farmer, merchant, genealogist, was born July 12, 1827, in Fenner, N. Y. He is a successful busi- ness man, and aided greatly in collecting historical data for the genealogy of the Ballon family. HERRINGSHAWS KNCYCLOPKDI A !>[•- A.MKKK'AN KTOCRAPHY. 75 BALLOU, HOSKA STARR, banker, was born Feb. 9, 1857, in North Orange, Mass. He graduated from the Harvard universi- ty and the university of Berlin, and is a successful financier and banker of Bos- ton, Mass. BALLOU, LATIMER WHIPPLE, finan- cier, banker, legislator, author, was born March 1, 1812, in Cumberland, R. I. He commenced life as a printer, and was one of the founders of the Cambridge Press, with which he re- mained for seven years. In 1S50 he became treasurer and bank cashier of the Woonsocket In- stitution for Savings, the deposits of which institution rose to five million dollars under his sagacious and judicious man- agement. He has always taken a deep interest in public affairs; was presiden- tial elector in 1860; delegate from Rhode Island to the national republican conven- tion in 1872; elected a representative in f-ongress in 1874, receiving the re-election the two succeeding terms, and filled that office with distinction. He is the author of the Ballou Genealogy, a work which re- flects great honor on himself and his de- scendants. BALLOU, MATURIN MURRAY, pub- lisher, author, was born April 14. LS20, in Boston, Mass., and a son of H. Ballou, 2nd. He is the founder and editor of sev- eral periodicals in Boston which bore his name, and, in his later years, a traveler to all parts of the world. He is the au- thor of History of Cuba; Life of Hosea Ballou; Due West, or Round the World in Ten Months; Due South, or Cuba Past and Present; Due North: Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia; Under the Southern Cross: Travels in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, etc.; Alaska: The New Eldorado; Aztec Land; The Story of Malta: The Pearl of India, a description of Ceylon; Equatorial Ameri- •ca, a description of visits to the Lesser Antilles and to South American capitals; i>nd Footprints of Travel. BALLOU. MOSES, clergyman, author, was born March 24. 1811, in Monroe. Mass. He was a nephew of H, Ballou. 1st. and. hke him, a universalist clergyman. He was the author of The Divine Character Vindicated. He died May 19, 1879. in Atco, N. J. BALLOU, NAHUM ENON, physician, scientist, author, was born Sept. 16, 1822, in Plymouth, N. Y. He has been a student of meteorology for nearly half a century, and is the author of a number of works on that subject. Since 1863 he has been United States pension surgeon, being now one of the oldest in the service. BAHLOU. OREN ALDRICH. manufac- turer, legislator, was born Aug. 22, 1813, in Cumberland. R. I. He was a successful manufacturer and represented the city of Providence in the state legislature in 1867-78. He died Feb. 21, 1877. BALLOr. PHINEAS DODGE, legisla- tor, was born March 3, 1823. in Starks- borough. Vt. For two terms he was mayor of Burlington, Vt.. and served as a member in the Vermont state legislature. He died Jan. 16, 1877, in Deadwood. N. 1). BALLOU, SULLIVAN, soldier, lawyer, state legislator, was born March 28. 1827. in Smithfield, R. I. He was a successful lawyer; became a member of the Rhode Island house of representatives, and was unanimously chosen speaker. He was one of the most prominent men of his native state; and lost his life at the dis- astrous battle of Bull Run. BALSLEY, ALFRED H., journalist, was born Dec. 15, 1828, in Pittsburg, Pa. In 1853 he purchased the Grand River Record; in 1876 purchased the Jeffer- sonian; and was also the proprietor of the Attica Journal and the Carey Times of Ohio. BALTES, PETER JOSEPH, clergyman, author, was born April 7, 1827, in Ba- varia. He studied at the college of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., at St. Ig- natius college, Chicago, and at Laval le university. Montreal, and was ordained priest in 1853, and consecrated bishop of Alton in 1870. He was the author of Pas- toral Instruction. He died Feb. 15, 1886, in Alton, 111. BALTZER, HERMAN R., merchant, was born Feb. 16, 1826, in Germany. He has been Russian vice-consul in New York city, and was a member of a Euro- pean banking house. Mr. Baltzer is a di- rector of the Germania Life Insurance company, and vice-president of the Colo- rado Central Consolidated Mining com- pany of New York city. BAMPPIELD. SAMUEL JONES, law- yer, journalist, legislator, was born Dec. 5, 1849. in Charleston. S. C. He received his education at the Lincoln university of Chester county. Pa. In 1S74 he was ad- mitted to the bar by the supreme court; was a member of the state legislature of South Carolina in 1874-76; and clerk of the circuit court during 1876-96. In 1897 he was appointed postmaster of Beaufort. S. C; and since 1888 has been the editor and proprietor of The New South. BANCROFT. AARON, clergyman, au- thor, was born Nov. 10, 1755, in Reading, Pa. He was a unitarian clergyman of Worcester, Mass., in 1785-1839, and was prominent in the earlier days of the uni- tarian movement as a writer in its be- half. He was the author of Sermons on the Doctrines of the Gospel; and A Life of Washington. He died Aug. 19, 1839. in Worcester, Mass. BANCROFT. EDWARD, physician, au- thor, was born Jan. 9, 1744, in Westfield. Mass. He was a physician who resided chiefly in London, where he was supposed to have been a spy of the English gov- ernment during the American revolution. He was the author of Natural History of Guiana; Researches Concerning the Phi- losophy of Permanent Colors; Charles Wentworth; a Novel; and several politi- cal works. He died Sept. 8, 1820. in Eng- land. BANCROFT, MRS. FLORENCE MAI, poet. She is a successful writer of Lex- ington. Neb.; and the author of a num- ber of meritorious poems. BANCROFT. GEORGE, historian, was ■>orn Oct. 3, 1800, in Worcester, Mass. He commenced his education at Exeter academy, N. H., and graduated at Cam- bridge university in 1817. In 1818 he vis- ited Europe, studied atOottingenand Ber- lin, and traveled extensively. In 1823 he published a vol- ume of poems; in 1824 a translation of Heeren's Politics of Greece; and be- came a frequent con- tributor to the North American and other reviews. On his return from Europe he spent one year as a tutor at Harvard; and was at the head of the Round Hill school at Northampton. From 1838 to 1841 he was collector of the port of Bos- ton, appointed by President Van Buren; in 1844 was an unsuccessful candidate for the governorship of Massachusetts; in 1845 was appointed secretary of the navy; and in 1846 was appointed minister to Great Britain, remaining there until 1849. On his return settled in New York and became an active member of various learned societies. In 1844 he published the first volume of his History of the United States, which now contains twelve volumes; in 1855 published his Literary and Historical Miscellanies; in 1865, by invitation of congress, delivered, in the capitol, an oration on the death of Abra- ham Lincoln; and in 1867 was appointed minister to Prussia. He died in 1891. BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE, publish- er, author, was born May 5, 1832, in Gran- ville. Ohio. Early in life he moved to San Francisco, Cal., and there opened the first book store on the Pacific coast. He subsequently added a publishing estab- lisliment, which has become the largest publishing house west of New York city. He has im- pressed himself upon the literature of the nineteenth century, by a colossal work entitled History of the Pacific States of North America, includ- ing Central America, Mexico, California, Oregon and British Columbia, in thirty- nine volumes. He is also the author of The Native Races of the Pacific States, in five volumes; The Early American Chroniclers; Popular History of the Mexi- can People; Literary Industries, an au- tobiography; The Book of the Fair; and Wealth of Nations. BANCROFT, LUCIUS W., educator, clergyman, was born Aug. 27, 1827, in Worcester, Mass. In 1862 he was pro- fessor of divinity in Kenyon college. Gambler, Ohio; for five years professor in the divinity school of Philadelphia, Pa.; and has filled pastorates in the epis- copal churches of South Brooklyn, N. Y. BANCROFT, WILLIAM L., was born Aug. 12, 1825, in Martinsburg, N. Y. In 1859 he was a representative; in 1865 a senator of the Michigan state legislature, and was secretary of the state senate In 1849. He has been a democratic nominee for congress and for secretary of state. He was the first mayor of Port Huron. Mich., and has been postmaster of that city. BANDELIER, ADOLPH FRANCIS AL- PHONSE, archaeologist, author, was born Aug. 6, 1840, in Switzerland. He is the author of The Art of War and Mode of Warfare; Tenure of Land and Inherit- ances of the Ancient Mexicans; Historical Introduction to Studies among the Seden- tary Indians of New Mexico; Archaeolog- ical Tour in Mexico in 1881; and The De- light Makers, a novel of Pueblo Indian Life. BANES, CHARLES H., soldier, author, was born Oct. 24, 1831, in Philadelphia, Pa. He served through the civil war, and at- tained the rank of lieutenant-colonel In 1864. He is the author of a volume en- titled History of the Philadelphia Brig- ade. BANGS, FRANCIS C, actor, was born in October. 1837, in Virginia. His first ap- pearance on the stage was in November, 1852. in the Old National theater, Wash- ington, D. C. 76 HEaRI^•GSHA^V■S KNC VCKOPKI il A OF AJIERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BANGS. FRANCIS NEHEMIAH, law- yer, was born Feb. 23, 1828, in New York city. He was one of the original members of the Bar association of New York, and was its president in 1882 and 1883. He was one of the originators of the Union League club in New York city. He died Nov. 30, 1885, in Ocala, Fla. BANGS, JOHN KENDRICK. journalist, author, was born in 1862 in New York. He is a humorous writer of Yonkers, N. Y., and one of the founders of Life. He is the author of Three Weeks in Polities; Coffee and Repartee; The Idiot; The Water Ghost: Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica; A House Boat on the Styx; The Bicy- clers and Other Farces; Toppleton's Client; and A Rebellious Heroine. BANGS, NATHAN, clergyman, author, was born May 2, 1778, in Stratford, Conn. He was an active methodist theologian and controversialist, very prominent in the literary history of his church and a most prolific writer. Among his works are comprised History of the Methodist Episcopal Church to 1840; Errors of Hop- kinsianism; Life of Arminius; Letters to a Young Preacher; Letters on Sauctifica- tion; and Methodist Episcopacy. He died May 3, 1862, in New York city. BANIGAN, JOSEPH, manufacturer, was born June 7, 1839, in Ireland. He organ- ized The Woonsocket Rubber company in 1866, and has ever since been its president and general manager, making his home in Providence, R. I. BANISTER, JOHN, congressman. He was a delegate from Virginia to the con- tinental congress from 1778 to 1779, and signed the articles of confederation. BANISTER, JOHN, botanist, author, was born in 16 — in England. He was a Virginia botanist who assisted the Eng- lish naturalist, John Ray, and was the author of Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica; Insects of Vir- ginia; Curiosities of Virginia; The Un- seen Lupus; and The Pistolochia, or Ser- pentaria Virginiana. The genus Banis- teria was named in his honor. He died in 1692 in Virginia. BANISTER, JOHN, soldier, legislator, was born in Virginia. He was a member of the state assembly, and of the conti- nental congress from 1778 to 1779. In 1781, as lieutenant-colonel of Virginia cavalry, he took an active part in repelling the British from his state. He died 1787 in Hatchers Run, Va. BANKARD, HENRY NICHOLAS, busi- ness man. was born Dec. 23, 1834, in Balti- more, Md. He published a paper which was strongly commended for its breadth of view and its force of statement. He was one of the founders of the real es- tate exchange of Baltimore, and is also director of the Taxpayer association. BANKHEAD, JOHN H.. farmer, soldier, congressman, was born Sept. 13, 1842, in Lamar, Ala. He is a farmer; served four years in the confederate army, being wounded three times, and represented Marion county in the general assembly, sessions of 1865, 1866, and 1867; he was a member of the state senate in 1876-77. and of the house of representatives in 1880-81. He was warden of the Alabama penitentiary from 1881 till 1885, and was elected to the fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty- second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth and fifty- fifth congresses as a democrat. BANKHEAD. JOHN PINE, naval ofl5- cer, was born Aug. 3, 1821, in South Caro- lina. He entered the navy as a midship- man; was made a lieutenant in 1852; com- mander in 1862; and captain in 1866. He died April 27. 1867. in Arabia. BANKS, EUGENE, lawyer, poet. He is a successful lawyer of Chicago, 111., and the author of a volume of poems entitled Where Brooks Go Softly. BANKS, GARDNER, soldier, was born in Waltham. Mass. At the beginning of the civil war he raised a company for the sixteenth Massachusetts regiment, in which he rose to the rank of colonel in 1862. Gen. Hooker said, in a letter to Governor Andrew; There is no doubt but at Glendale the sixteenth Massachu- setts saved the army. He died July 9, 1871, in Waltham, Mass. BANKS, JOHN, lawyer, jurist, congress- man, was born in 1793 in Juniata county. Pa. ' He received a classical education; studied law; came to the bar in 1819, and settled in the western part of the state. He was a representative in congress from Pennsylvania from 1831 to 1836, when he resigned to accept the appointment of president judge of the third judicial dis- trict of the state. He died April 3, 1864, in Reading. BANKS, LINN, congressman, was born in Virginia. He was for twenty success- ive years speaker of the house of delegates of that state. He was a representative in congress from Virginia from 1838 to 1842. He was drowned Feb. 24, 1842, in Madison county, Va. BANKS, LOUIS ALBERT, clergyman, was born in 1855 in Oregon. He is a prominent methodist clergyman and the author of The Saloon Keeper's Ledger, a Series of Temperance Discourses; The Fisherman and his Friends; Common Folks' Religion; Revival Quiver, a Rec- ord of Revival Campaigns; The People's Christ; White Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor; The Honeycombs of Life; and Christ and His Friends. BANKS, MARY ROSS, author, was born March 4, 1846, in Macon, Ga. Her literary fame was attained principally through her book entitled Bright Days on the Old Plantation, which was published in 1882. BANKS, MAUD, actress, after a course of study and training at the New York school of acting, went upon the stage in 1886, making her first appearance at Ports- mouth, N. H., in the character of Par- thenia in Ingomar. BANKS, NATHANIEL P., legislator, governor, was born in 1816 in Waltham, Mass. He worked in a cotton factory; lec- tured in public; edit- ed a country newspa- per; held a custom house position; prac- ticed law; in 1849 and 1851 was sent to the state legislature; in 1852 was member of congress; in 1853 presided over the state constitutional convention; was three times elected governor of his state; was president of the I. C. R. R. in 1860; served brilliantly as commander in the Union army, and was several times re-elected to congress. He died in 1894. BANNEKER, BENJAMIN, astronomer, was born Nov. 9, 1731, at Ellicott's Mills, Md. He was an astronomer and mathe- matician of African descent, who assisted in the original survey of the District of Columbia and published an astronomical almanac 1792-1806. He died in October, 1806, in Baltimore, Md. BANNING, EPHRAIM, lawyer, was born July 21, 1849, near Biishnell, 111. He received his education at the public schools and the academy at Brookfield, Mo. He moved to Chicago in 1871, and the following year opened a law office. He hah made a specialty of patent and trade- mark law, and is one of the best known lawyers in his branch of profession in Chi- cago. In 1896 he was a presidential elector, and in 1897 was appointed by Governor Tanner a member of the state board of charities. BANNING, HENRY B., general, lawyer, congressman, was born Nov. 10, 1834, in Mount Vernon, Ohio. He received an academic education; studied and practiced law at Mount Vernon, Ohio, until 1861, when he enlisted as a private soldier; rose to the rank of brevet major-general. He represented Knox county in the Ohio leg- islature in 1866 and 1867; removed to Cincinnati in the year 1869, where he re- sumed the practice of law. He was elect- ed to the forty-third, forty-fourth and for- ty-fifth congresses. BANNISTER, E. M., artist, was born in 1833, in Andrews, New Brunswick. He studied art at the Lowell institute, Boston, and spent the greater part of his profes- sional life there. In 1871 he removed to Providence, R. I. He has contributed reg- ularly to the Boston Art club exhibitions. His picture Under the Oaks was awarded a first-class medal at the centennial ex- hibition of 1876. BANTA, MELISSA E., poet, was bora March 27, 1834, in Cincinnati, Ohio; has attained prominence in literature, and her poems have been given a place in several standard publications. She is the wife of Judge Banta, of Bloomington, Ind. BANVARD. JOHN, artist, author, poet, was born about 1820. in New York. Hfr was an artist and poet whose famous oanorama of the Mississippi covered three miles of canvas. He wrote much indiffer- ent verse, and published books of a mis- cellaneous nature. He was the author of Amasis, the Last of the Pharaohs, after- ward dramatized by him; Carrinia: a Drama; Description of the Mississippi River; Pilgrimage to the Holy Land; The Private Life of a King; A Tradition of the Temple, and a Poem. He died in 1891. BANVARD, JOSEPH, clergyman, au- thor, was born May 9. 1810, in New York city, and a brother of John Banvard. He was a baptist clergyman of Massachu- setts, who beside contributing somewhat largely to Sunday-school literature wrote much in other directions. He Is the au- thor of Romance of American History; Plymouth and the Pilgrims; Novelties of the New World, or Adventures and Dis- coveries of the First Explorers; Tragic Scenes in the History of Maryland; The American Statesman, a Memoir of Web- ster; Southern Explorers; Soldiers and Patriots of the Revolution; and Priscilla. BARAGA, FRIEDRIC, missionary, au- thor, was born June 29, 1797. He was a Roman Catholic missionary who came to America in 1830 from Austria, and became bishop of Sault Ste. Marie- in 1852. He devoted himself to mission work among the Chippewa or Ojibway Indians, and beside writing sev- eral books in their tongue prepared a Grammar and Dictionary of the Otchipe- we Language. He died Jan. 19. 1868. In Marquette, Mich. BARBE, WAITMAN, lecturer, journal- ist, author, poet, was born Nov. 19, 1863, in Morgantown, W. Va. He is the editor of the Daily State Journal of Parkersburg. W. Va., and the author of Ashes and In- cense, a volume of poems containing gems of rare genius; and a volume of short stories, entitled In the Virginias. He has also attained prominence as a lecturer before schools and colleges on literary and educational subjects. I HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMIJRICAN BIOGRAPHY. BARBEE, WILLIAM J.. educator, clergyman, physician, author, was born in 1816 in Winchester, Ky. He was educated at Miami university. Oxford. Ohio, and studied medicine with Dr. Drake, ot Cin- <'innati, where he practiced from 1836 to 1846. He afterward taught school in Ken- tucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, and also became a preacher of the Christian or €ampbellite denomination. He is the au- thor of Physical and Moral Aspects of Geology (Philadelphia, 1859); The Cot- ton Question; The Scriptural Doctrine of Confirmation; Life of the Apostle Peter, and other works. BARBER, AMZI LORENZO, capitalist, -was born June 22, 1843, at Saxton's River, Vt. In 1867 he graduated from Oberlin college with the de- gree of A. B.; and in 1868 took charge of the preparatory department of the Howard university of Washington. In 1887 he resigned from the professor- ship to engage in the real estate busi- ness; and since 1878 has been identified with asphalt pave- ment. He is president of the Barber As- phalt Pavement company; president of the celebrated Trinidad Asphalt com- pany; and their asphalt pavements are used in the principal cities of the United States. He is one of the foremost busi- ness men ot Washington, D. C. BARBER. FRANCIS, soldier, was born in 1751, in Princeton, N. J. In 1767 he graduated from Princeton college; and during 1769-76 he conducted an academy in Elizabethtown, N. J. He served with distinction through the revolutionary war, and attained the rank of adjutant general. He was accidentally killed by a falling tree Feb. 11, 1783, in Newburg. BARBER, GEORGE FRANKLIN, archi- tect, was born July 30, 1854, in DeKalb, III. He is well known as an architect of Knoxville, Tenn.; and a writer on archi- tectural subjects. BARBER, GERSHOM M., soldier, edu- cator, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 2, 1823. in Cayuga county, N. Y. He was professor in Baldwin institute four years and principal two years. He served in the civil war and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. In 1873 he was elected Judge of the superior court of Cleveland; in 1875 served on the bench of the court of common pleas; and served two terms as a member of the city council of Cleve- land, Ohio. BARBER. HIRAM, lawyer, congress- man, was born March 24, 1835, in Warren county. N. Y. He removed to Wisconsin in 1846. and was educated at the State university at Madison; studied law and was admitted to the bar. He was district attorney of Jefferson county. Wis., in 1861-62; was assistant attorney general of the state in 1865-66; and in 1866 moved to Chicago, 111. He was elected a represen- tative from Illinois to the forty-sixth con- gress. BARBER, HOMER G., business man, state senator, was born in 1830, in Benson, Vt. He removed to Vermontville. Mich., and became a merchant, and in 1871 en- gaged in banking. In 1871-72 he was state senator from Eaton and Barry counties. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster of Vermontville, and held that position eleven years. BARBER, ISAAC, physician, surgeon, state senator, was born Sept. 4, 1854, at Forty Fort, Pa. He is a physician by pro- fession. He studied medicine, and grad- uated from the university of Pennsylvania in 1879. He served as medical director of the Metropolitan Life Insurance com- pany in New York city for one year, and located at Phillipsburg, N. J., in 1880. In 1897 he was elected a member of the New Jersey state senate, and has since continued in active practice. BARBER, ISAAC AMBROSE, physician, business man, legislator, congressman, was born Jan. 26. 1852, near Salem, N. J. He graduated from the Hahnemann medi- cal college of Philadelphia, Pa. In 1873 he moved to Easton, Md.; practiced medi- cine for fifteen years; and since that time has been engaged in milling. He has lieen president of the Farmers' and Mer- chants National bank of Easton, Md.; was a member of the Maryland state legis- lature in 1895-96; and in 1896 was elected a member of the fifty-fifth congress. BARBER, J. ALLEN, lawyer, congress- man, was born in Georgia, Vt. He ob- tained a liberal education at the univer- slty of Vermont; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1S33. In 1837 he removed to the ter- ritory of Wisconsin; and was a member of the first constitution- al convention of Wisconsin in 1846. He was elected to the state assembly in 1852, 1853, and 1863, serving the last year as speaker. He was elected to the state senate in 1856 and 1857; was elected to the forty-second and forty-third con- gresses; and served with ability on nu- merous important committees. BARBER, JOHN JAY, soldier, lawyer, artist, was born Sept. 21, 1840, in San- dusky, Ohio. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1862; joined the volunteer army in 1863; returned sick, and upon re- covery determined to devote himself to painting. He received no instruction in art, but settled in Columbus. Ohio, in 1871, and opened a studio. He devoted himself at first to landscapes, delineating scenes in the Muskingum valley. Subse- quently he executed cattle pieces, and after 1881 exhibited in the National academy in New York. BARBER. JOHN WARNliR, author, was born Feb. 2, 1798. in Windsor, Conn. He was an industrious annalist whose compilations, though of slight literary merit, are valuable as historical material not so readily accessible elsewhere. He is the author of Historical Collections of Massachusetts. Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and Ohio, the four last being prepared with the assistance of Henry Howe; History of New Haven; Elements of General History; and His- torical Scenes in the United States. He died in June, 1885, in New Haven, Conn. BARBER. LEVI, congressman, was born in Litchfield county. Conn. He was a rep- resentative in congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1821 to 1823. BARBER, MARY AUGUSTINE, educa- tor, was born in 1789, in Newtown, Conn. She entered the visitation convent ot Georgetown in 1818 with her four daugh- ters. She was a woman ot superior edu- cation, and the convent and school pro- gressed rapidly during her residence. In 1836 she founded a convent ot the visita- tion in Kaskaskia, HI., where she re- mained until 1844. She died In 1860, in Mobile. Ala. B.\RBER, NOYES, merchant, lawyer, congressman, was born April 28, 1781, In Groton, Conn. He was in early life a merchant, but a lawyer by profession; and was a representative in congress from his native state from 1821 to 1835. He died Jan, 3, 1845, in Groton, Conn. BARBER, OTHO C, president of the Diamond Match company, was born April 20, 1841, in Middlebury. N. Y. In 1880, The Barber Match company, of which he was at the head, was making over one-fourth of the matches manufac- tured in the United states. About this lime, Mr. Barber saw I lie advantages ot uiisolidating a num- r of the leading inufactories, and instead of thirty factories being required for their manu- facture, ninety per cent, of the matches in America are now manufactured in five factories. In 1889 The American Straw Board company was organized with $6,- 000,000 capital, with Mr. Barber as presi- dent, in which position he served until 1894. In 1891 Mr. Barber and associates founded the town of Barberton, Ohio. He is president of The Ohio Tube company, of Warren, Ohio, and of The Barberton Belt Line Railroad company. BARBER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, lawyer, was born Sept. 10, 1869, in Chester, county, S. C. In 1889 he graduated with distinction from the South Carolina col- lege, and received the degrees of A. B. and LL. B. In 1894 he was elected attor- ney general of South Carolina, and in 1896 received the re-election without op- position. BARBOUR. G. L., author, poet. He is the author of The End of Time; and his poems have appeared in numerous col- lections. BARBOUR, GEORGE HARRISON, manufacturer, was born June 26, 1843, in Collinsville, Conn. He is the president and general manager of the Michigan Stove company; first president of the Chamber of Com- merce; president ot the Manufacturing club; director of the Buck Stove and K.Tnge company, of St, l^ouis, Mo.; ex- president of the Na- tional Association Stove manufactory; and served as president of the city coun- cil of Detroit in 1888. He has taken an active part in the business and public af- fairs of his city and state; and has been' foremost in various public improvements and charitable works. BARBOUR. JAMES, state senator, gov- ernor, was born June 10. 1775. in Orange county, Va. He was speaker of the house of delegates, and governor of that state; and was a senator in congress from 1815 to 1825. He was appointed secretary of war in 1825, and minister to England In 1828. He died June 8, 1842, in Orange county, Va. BARBOUR, JOHN HUMPHREY, edu- cator, clergyman, author, was born in 1854, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is an epis- copal clergyman, professor of New Tes- tament Interpretation at the Berkeley Divinity school ot MIddletown, Conn.; and the author of Beginnings of the Historic Episcopate. 78 HKRKINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA r>F A.Mr.RIC.: N BIOGRAPHY. BARBOUR, JOHN S., congressman, was born Aug. 8, 1790, in Culpeper coun- ty, Va. He was in early life a member of the state legislature; from 1823-33 a mem- ber of congress from Virginia; member of the constitutional convention in 1829-30; and again in the state legislature in 1833- 34. He died Jan. 12, 1855, in Culpeper county, Va. BARBOUR, JOHN S., lawyer, congress- man. United States senator, was born Cec. 29, 1820, in Culpeper county, Va. He began the practice of law in his na- tive county of Culpeper; was elected to the legislature of Virginia from Culpeper county in 1847, and was re-elected, serving four consecutive sessions. He was elected president of the railroad company then called the Orange and Alexandria Rail- road company in 1852, and served in that position until it was merged into what is now known as the Virginia Midland Rail- road company, of which he was president till he resigned, in 1883. He was elected to the forty-seventh, forty-eighth, and forty-ninth congresses, and was elected to the United States senate, serving during 1889-95. BARBOUR, JOSEPH L., lawyer, legis- lator. From 1877 to 1884 he was prosecut- ing attorney of Hartford, Conn. He is a popular member of the Connecticut state legislature and the speaker of the house. BARBOUR, LUCIEN, educator, lawyer, congressman, was born March 4, 1811, in Canton, Conn. He was appointed, by President Polk, United States district at- torney; acted a number of times as ar- bitrator between the state of Indiana and private corporations: and in 1852 was ap- pointed a commissioner to prepare a code of practice for the state. He was a rep- resentative from Indiana in the thirty- fourth congress. BARBOUR, LUCIUS ALBERT, manu- facturer, was born Jan. 26, 1846, in Madi- son, Ind. In 1882 he became identified with The Willimantic Linen Co., a concern organized in 1854, which was the first to make all sizes of six-cord spool cotton from the raw material, and is now president and treasurer of that great in- dustry. BARBOUR, OLIVER LORENZO, law- yer, author, was born July 12, 1811, in Cambridge, N. Y. He was an eminent lawyer of New York state; and the au- thor of Equity Digest; Criminal Law; The Law of Set-Off; Practice of the Court of Chancery; and Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law, and many legal reports. He died Dec. 18, 1889, in Saratoga Springs, N. Y. BARBOUR. PHILIP P., lawyer, jurist, legislator, congressman, was born May 25, 1783, in Orange county, Va. He was a member of congress from Virginia from 1814-25 and 1827-30; speaker of the house of representatives in 1821; and in 1825 was appointed judge of the eastern dis- trict of Virginia. In 1836 he was ap- pointed associate judge of the supreme court of the United States. He died Feb. 25, 1841, in Washington city. BARBOUR, ROBERT, manufacturer. With his brother Thomas he established the industry in Paterson, N. J., under the name of The Barbour Flax Spinning Co., Robert being president of the com- pany. BARBOUR, THOMAS, manufacturer, was born July 9, 1832, in Ireland. In 1865 The Barbour Flax Spinning Co. was established, with mills in Paterson, Thomas Barbour becoming president un- til 1875, when Robert was elected presi- dent and Thomas vice-president and treasurer. He died Jan. 19, 1885. BARBOZA, MARY GARNET, mission- ary, was born Jan. 17, 1845, in Troy, N. Y. In 1881 her father was appointed United States missionary to Liberia, and she ac- companied him to Africa. She visited the United States and England and secured many friends for the two hundred native children that composed her native school. She died Dec. 2, 1890, in Liberia, Africa. BARCLAY, DAVID, congressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He was a repre- sentative in congress from his native state from 1855-57. BARCLAY, JAMES TURNER, clergy- man, author, was born in 1807, in Vir- ginia. He was a leading clergyman of the Campbellite faith, and for many years a missionary in Jerusalem. He is best known as the author of The City of the Great King, a description of Jerusalem. He died in 1874. BARCLAY. ROBERT, physician, was born May 8, 1857, in St. Louis, Mo. In 1883 he was elected assistant aural sur- geon in the New York Eye and Ear in- firmary, serving until 1885, when he re- signed, and removed to St. Louis, Mo. By the St. Louis Medical society he was appointed a delegate to the American Medical association in 1888 and in 1893. BARCLAY, SHEPARD, lawyer, jurist, was born Nov. 3, 1847, in St. Louis. Mo. He received his education in the public and high schools, St. Louis university, university of Virginia and Berlin univer- sity. He began the practice of law in 1872; in 1882 was elected circuit judge in St. Louis; and in 1888 was made a judge of the supreme court. BARCLAY, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, physician, was born Feb. 13, 1842, in Jack- sonville, Pa. He discovered and applied gold compounds in 1893, in which he suc- cessfully combined gold with bromine, mercury, arsenic, and other metals, in the face of the decree of chemistry that such compounds were impossible. BARD, DAVID, congressman, was a graduate of Princeton college in 1773. He was a representative in congress from Pennsylvania from 1795 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1815. He died in 1815, in Virginia. BARD, JOHN, founder of St. Stephen's college, was born June 2, 1819, in Hyde Park, N. Y. He was the founder of St. Stephen's college, at Annandale, N. Y., a diocesan training-school for students for the ministry of the Protestant Episco- pal church, preparatory to entrance in the general theological seminary in New York city. BARD, WILLIAM, was born in October, 1777, in New York. He was a pioneer in life insurance in the United States, and for twelve years from its foundation in 1830 the president of the New York Life Insurance and Trust company. He died Oct. 17, 1853. BARGER, SAMUEL F., lawyer, finan- cier, was born Oct. 19, 1832, in New York city. He is a director of the Central Railroad company; Harlem road; Lake Shore and Michigan Southern; the Chi- cago and Northwestern; Union Tele- graph company; and many other business corporations. He was one of the founders of the Manhattan club, and also of the Casino and Reading room at Newport. BARGHOORN, CHARLES D., lawyer, was born Jan. 1, 1860, in Holland. Dur- ing 1883-87 he served as a school trustee; during 1884-86 was a justice of the peace; and since 1892 has been prosecuting at- torney in Luther, Mich. Since 1885 he has been in the active practice of law, in which he has been eminently successful. BARHAM, JOHN A., educator, lawyer, congressman, was born July 17, 1844, in Missouri. He removed with his parents to California in 1849, and was educated in the common schools and at the Hesperian college, in Woodland, Cal. He taught in the public schools of California for three years; studied law and was admitted to practice in 1868, and has practiced his profession since. He was elected to the fifty-fourth and re-elected to the fifty- fifth congress. BARHYDT, THEODORE WELLS, rail- road president, banker, capitalist, was born April 10, 1835, in Newark, N. J. He received an aca- demic education in the Lyceum academy of Schenectady, N. Y. In 1855 he moved to Burlington, Iowa, where he became one of the principal clerks in the post- office. In 1859 he entered mercantile business; and since 1870 has been presi- .,,,,, dent of the Mer- chants National bank of Burlington, ot which institution he was one of the organizers. He was one of the organizers of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad com- pany, and is now president of the Bur- lington and North Western and of the Burlington and Western Railroad com- panies. He is the owner of the Delano hotel and several other fine business buildings: was instrumental in establish- ing the Burlington water works; and was one of the principal promoters and build- ers of the first street railroad in his city He has been president of the Board of Trade, and a member of the city council and filled various other public positions of honor. BARIGHT, MARIE LOUISE, educator elocutionist, was born Aug. 12 1864 in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. She received 'her education in Cook's Collegiate institute of her native city; subsequently attend- ing the Boston university, and the School of Expression of Boston, Mass.- and finally studied in the Chicago university She has been professor of Elocution and English Literature in the State Normal schools of West Chester, Pa.; and filled the same chair in the university of Ore- gon. BARKER, ABRAHAM A., merchant congressman, was born March 30, 1816 in Lovell, Maine. Mr. BarKer was a dele- gate to the Chicago convention of 1860; and in 1864 was elected a representative from Pennsylvania to the thirty-ninth congress. BARKER, DAVID, lawyer, congress- man, was a lawyer by profession. He was a representative in congress from New Hampshire from 1827 to 1829. He died April 1, 1834, in Rochester, N. H. BARKER, FORDYCE, physician, au- thor, was born May 2, 1819, in Wilton, Maine. He was a New York physician of prominence and a professor in the Belle- vue hospital from 1860; and the author of On Sea-Sickness; and On Puerperal Dis- eases. He died in 1891. BARKER, GEORGE FREDERICK, educator, author, was born July 14, 1835, in Charlestown, Mass. He has been pro- fessor of physics in the university of Pennsylvania since 1873. He is the au- thor of Correlation of Vital and Physical Forces; and Text Book of Elementary Chemistry. ilKRRIN(;SHA\VS ENCYCLOPEDIA OK AilKRU'AN BIOGRAPHY. BARKER. JAMES NELSON, author, poet, was born June 17, 1TS4, in Philadel- phia, Pa. He was a Philadelphia poet and playwright, and was comptroller of the United States treasury in 1838-50. His dramas include Marmion; The In- dian Princess: Superstition; and Smiles and Tears. He died March 9, 1858, in Washington, D. C. BARKER, JAMES WILLIAM, mer- chant, was born Dec. 5, 1815, In White Plains, N. Y. In 1859 he established an extensive house in Pittsburg, and trans- acted annually a very large business. In 1854 he was the Knownothing candi- date for mayor of New York city, but was defeated in a closely contested elec- tion by Fernando Wood. He was very acti\e in the founding of the Order of the Star Spangled Banner, a secret or- ganization, having for its object the pre- vention of the political ascendancy of the foreign-born inhabitants of the United States, and was its principal officer in 1853. From 1867 till his death he was president of the Eclectic Life Insurance company. New York. He died June 26, 1869, in Rahway, N. J. BARKER, JOSEPH, clergyman, con- gressman. He commenced his classical studies at Harvard university, and grad- uated at Yale college in 1771. He was an ordained preacher of the gospel; and was a representative in congress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1809. He died in 1815. BARKER, JOSIAH, shipbuilder, was born Nov. 16, 1763, in Marshfield, Mass. He was United States naval constructor about 1810, and built the Virginia in 1818, the Warren in 1826, the Cumberland in 1842. and other men-of-war. He also re- built the Constitution in 1834, and fur- nished the plans for the Portsmouth. He died Sept. 23. 1843, in Charlestown, Mass. BARKER, LORENZO ABEL, soldier, journalist, was born Aug. 16, 1839, in Naples, N. Y. He is the editor and owner of The Clarion of Reed City. Mich. At an early age he learned the printing busi- ness; and in 1861 enlisted in company E, thirteenth regiment Missouri volun- teers; which afterward was changed to company D, sixty-sixth company Illinois Western Sharpsiiooters. He fought gal- lantly during the war and was promoted sergeant. In 1884 he was a presidential elector in the Blaine and Logan cam- paign; and in 1896 was again a presi- dential elector for William McKinley. He served as postmaster of Reed City during President Harrison's administration. He is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and various other fraternal orders. BARKER, REUBEN H. W., farmer, sol- dier, state senator, was born Aug. 31, 1846, in Iredell county, N. C. He was educated at Rutherford col- lege; and was for ^fi^^^ many years engaged ^^^^\ in merchandising, ^_ _ ^ I but later became a ■J"^ successful farmer ^l^kk and stockraiser. _J^^^^^ He served two years ^^^■Vb ^^^ in the confederate ^^^^^^^^^^^1 army as a member ^^^^^^^S^^H of the twenty-ninth ^^^^^ ^^^H regiment North ^1^^^^ ^|H|H Carolina troops. He is the son of the Rev. J. N. Barker, who for nearly fifty years was a traveling methodist clergy- man. He has taken an active part in pub- lic affairs; has been a justice of the peace; and in 1896 was elected a member of the North Carolina state senate. BARKER, SAMUEL ALPHONSO, law- yer, was born July 26. 1833. in Kennebec, Maine. In his youth he taught school, and in 1857 was admitted to the bar in the supreme court at Augusta. Maine. For ten years he practiced law in his native state, and in 1867 moved to California. He settled in San Jose, where he is known as one of the foremost lawyers of his adopted state. BARKER, WHARTON, financier, was born May 1, 1846, in Philadelphia. He was one of the four who organized in Pennsylvania the republican revolution, of 1881. He was the founder of the In- vestment company of Philadelphia, and also of the Finance company of Philadel- phia. BARKER, WILLIAM MORRIS, mis- sionary bishop of Olympla, Wash., was born May 12, 1854, in Towanda, Pa. For two years he was an assistant master in the Bishop Scott grammar school, of Port- land, Ore. Until his consecration he was in charge of St. Paul's church, of Duluth; and president of St. Luke's hos- pital in that city. BARKLEY, DAVID WRIGHT, journal- ist, legislator, was born May 21, 1842, in Fairfield, 111. He has been president of the board of trustees of Hayward Collegi- ate institute of Fairfield, III., and a mem- ber of the Illinois legislature. He is the editor and owner of The Enterprise of Rocky Ford, Colo. BARKLEY, HENRY L., educator, clergyman, legislator, was born March 19, 1858, in Adams county, Ind. He received a thorough education in the public schools of Ohio, and graduated from the high school of Bryan. He has been a success- ful educator, clergyman, and is now bishop of the Pacific coast district of the United Brethren church at Woodburn, Ore. He served with distinction for two terms as a representative in the Oregon legislature. BARKLEY, JAMES, soldier, was born in Kentucky. He enlisted as private in the one hundred and fourteenth Illinois infantry in 1862, and made a capital record as a brave soldier. He started in as a private and worked his way to briga- dier-commander. He is senior brigadier- general in the service; was for a time captain of battery B; and was elected colonel of the fifth regiment in 1877, hold- ing that position until 1891. BARKSDALE, ETHELBERT, journal- ist, congressman, was born in Rutherford county, Tenn. He received a classical education; removed to Mississippi at an early age, and adopted the profession of journalism. He was a representative in the confederate congress for four years; was a presidential elector, and president of the Mississippi college of electors, in 1876. He was elected a representative from Mississippi to the forty-eighth and forty-ninth congresses. BARKSDALE, WILLIAM, lawyer, con- gressman, was born Aug. 21, 1821, in Rutherford county, Tenn. He pursued a partial course of studies at the Nashville university; was a lawyer by profession; held a commission in the staff of the second Mississippi regiment, in the Mexi- can war, in 1847. He was a member of the Mississippi convention called in 1851 to discuss the compromise measures of 1850; and was elected representative from Mississippi in the thirty-third, thirty- fourth, thirty-fifth, and thirty-sixth con- gresses. He was killed July 2, 1863, at the battle of Gettysburg. BARLOW. BRADLEY, merchant, bank- er, congressman, was born May 12, 1814, in Fairfield, Vt. He was engaged in agri- cultural and mercantile pursuits until 1858; remo\ed to St. Albans. Vt.. and en- gaged in banking and other pursuits. He served six terms as a representative in the state legislature, and two terms as state senator; was twice a member of state constitutional conventions; and was county treasurer for several years. He was elected a representative from Ver- mont to the forty-sixth congress. BARLOW, CHARLES AVERILL, mer- chant, farmer, congressman, was born March 17, 1858, in Cleveland, Ohio. He removed to San Luis Obispo county, Cal., where he acquired land and engaged in wheat farming. He was state lecturer of the Farmers' alliance one term, and was elected to the state assembly from San Luis Obispo county in 1893 on the straight people's party ticket. He introduced a number of important bills in the legisla- ture and conducted them to a successful passage. He was elected to the fifty-fifth congress, and took an important part in the deliberations of that body. BARLOW, FRANCIS CHANNING, sol- dier, public oflScial, was born Oct. 19, 1834, in Brooklyn, N. Y. In Grant's campaign he captured the whole division of Gen. Johnston, and in the final struggle and pursuit of Lee's routed army he rendered essential service. He was secretary of state of New York. BARLOW. HENRY C, railroad presi- dent, was born Aug. 15, 1850, in Niles, Mich. Since 1894 he has been president of the Evansville and Terre Haute rail- road. BARLOW, JOEL, patriot, poet, was born Marc.h 25, 1755, in Reading, Conn. As an author he belonged to the first class of his time in Ameri- ca, and was one of the celebrated Hart- ford Wits. His Vis- ion of Columbus, a poem in imitation of Milton, obtained great popularity, and Hasty Pudding, a humorous poem dedicated to Martha Washington, was much admired. His most elaborate work, Columbiad, an epic poem, is considered by critics to be a failure. He died Dec. 24, 1812, near Cracow, in Poland, while serving as foreign ambassador. BARLOW, SAMUEL LATHAM MIT- CHELL, lawyer, author, was born June 5, 1826, in Granville, Mass. He was educated' in New York city, where he practiced law for forty years. He gave much time to the collection of rare and curious books. His library of Americana was among the largest in the country. In connection with Henry Harrisse he edited Notes on Columbus, an invaluable work for the biography and bibliography of the discov- erer of the new world. He died July 10, 1890, in Glen Cove, N. Y. BARLOW, STEPHEN, business man, congressman. He was a representative in congress from Pennsylvania from 1827 to 1829, and was a member of the commit- tee on agriculture. BARLOW. THOMAS HARRIS, inventor, was born Aug. 5, 1789, in Nicholas county, Ky. He settled in Lexington, Ky., In 1835, and in 1851 finished his first plane- tarium which is now in Transylvania uni- versity in that town. This ingenious and useful piece of mechanism is now in use at West Point, the Washington observa- tory, and other institutions. He died in 1865, in Cincinnati, Ohio. 80 riKP.RlNGSHAW'S KNCYCLOPKDIA I'F AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BARMM. FRANK HERMAN, lawyer, -was born Jan. 25, 1864, in Chicago, 111. He is a recognized expert on real estate values; his own holdings in the city of Chicago being very extensive and val- uable. BARNAM, CURTIS FIELD, lawyer, legislator, was born May 24, 1820, in Rich- mond, Ky. He graduated from the law school in 1842, and became prominent as a representative in the state legislature of Kentucky. BARNARD, CHARLES, journalist, au- thor, was born Feb. 13, 1838, in Boston, Mass. He is a journalist, and the author •of The Tone Masters; The Soprano; My Ten Rod Farm; Farming by Inches; A Simple Flower Garden; The Strawberry Garden: Legilda Romanoff; Knights of To-day; Co-operation as a Business; A Dead Town, a Romance of the Old Coun- try; Talks about the Weather; and Talks about the Soil. BARNARD, DANIEL DEWEY, lawyer, congressman, author, was born July 16, 1797, in Shefl3eld, Mass. In 1826 he was elected district attorney for Monroe coun- ty, N. Y., and in 1827 was elected represen- tative to congress. He was again in con- gress from 1839 to 1845, when he was chairman of the judiciary committee. From 1850 to 1853 he was United States minister to Prussia. He was the author of numerous reviews and speeches. He died April 24, 1861, in Albany, N. Y. BARNARD, EDMUND K., educator, was born in 1863, in Sauk county. Wis. His life has been devoted to educational work; he has been county superintendent of schools, and has occupied the positions of principal and professor in various schools of Oregon and Washington. BARNARD. EDMUND M., state senator, was born May 28, 1860, in Hudson, N. Y. In 1891 he was elected a representative in the Michigan state legislature; was a member of the senate in 1893-94, and re- ceived the re-election in 1895-96, and again in 1897-98. BARNARD, EDWARD EMERSON, as- tronomer, author, was born Dec. 16, 1857, in Nashville, Tenn. Since 1883 he has had charge of the astronomical observa- tory, and he is also assistant in practical astronomy at Vanderbilt university. His publications consist of astronomical con- tributions to the Sidereal Messenger, Ob- servatory, Science Observer, Astronom- ische Nachrichten, and other technical journals. BARNARD, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PORTER, college president, author, was born May 5, 1809, in Sheffield, Mass. He was an educational writer, and was presi- dent of Columbia college in 1864-89. He was the author of History of the United States Coast Survey; Imaginary Metro- logical System of the Great Pyramid; The Undulatory Theory of Light; and Letters on College Government. He died April 27, 1889. in New York. BARNARD. HENRY, educator, author, was born Jan. 24, 1811, in Hartford, Conn. In 1837 he was elected a member of the legislature of Connecticut, and was twice re-elected to that office, during which time he effected a reorganization of the state common school system. He was superin- tendent of public schools in Rhode Island from 1843-49; state superintendent of school architecture from 1850 to 1854; and began the American Journal of Education in 1855. He became president of the American association for the advancement of education. He is the author of sev- eral educational works, including Story of Education in Connecticut, and Education- al Biography. BARNARD, ISAAC D., soldier, lawyer. United States senator, was born July 18, 1791, in Aston, Pa. He was distinguished at Lyons Creek and at the capture of Fort George in 1813; and left the army in 1815. He was admitted to the bar in 1816, and was soon made deputy attorney general. He was chosen state senator in 1820; secretary of state in 1826; and was United States senator from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1831. He died Feb. 28, 1834. in Westchester, Pa. BARNARD, JAMES ELLERY, lawyer, was born Jan. 29, 1863, in Franklin, N. H. He graduated in 1884 from Dartmouth college; and from the Boston university law school in 1890. He has attained prom- inence as a successful lawyer in his native town, and in 1892 was appointed justice of the police court of his city by Gov. Smith. He is very prominent in various Masonic bodies. BARNARD, JOHN, clergyman, author, was born Nov. 6, 1681, in Boston, Mass. He was a congregational minister of Bos- ton who was among the earliest New Eng- land dissenters from Calvinism. A ro- bust and logical thinker; and the author of Version of the Psalms; Sermons; and The Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton. He died Jan. 24, 1770. BARNARD, JOHN GROSS, soldier, au- thor, was born May 19, 1815, in Sheffield, Mass. He was a major-general of the United States army; and the author of Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Phenomena of the Gyroscope; Dangers and Defences of New York; Sea Coast Defence; The Peninsular Campaign and its Antecedents; and Problems of Rotary Motion. He died May 14, 1882, in Detroit, Mich. BARNARD, OLIVER W., farmer, busi- ness man, poet, was born Aug. 4, 1828, in Economy, Ind. He is a successful farmer and business man of Manteno, III.; and is the author of a number of poems which have appeared in Poets of America and other standard works. BARNARD, WILLIAM STBBBINS, naturalist, inventor, author, was born Feb. 28, 1849, in Canton, 111. His reports as entomologist have been published by the government, and he has contributed to the proceedings and transactions of the scientific societies of which he is a mem- ber. He has made inventions of harvest- ers, both for corn and cotton, and also of means and appliances for the destruc- tion of injurious insects. He also devised the Harvard book-rack, improved paper- file holders, and similar articles. BARNES, ALANSON H., lawyer, jurist, was born in New York. He removed to Wisconsin and practiced law, and in 1873 was appointed United States associate jus- tice for the territory of Dakota. BARNES, ALBERT, clergyman, author, was born Dec. 1, 1798, in Rome, N. Y. He was a leader of new school presbyter- ian thought and an able scriptural com- mentator. He was a clergyman of Phila- delphia, and was at one time tried for heresy. He was the author of Notes on the New Testament; Scriptural Views of Slavery; The Atone- ment; Life at Three Score; Prayers for Family Worship; and Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century. He died Dec. 24, 1870, in Philadelphia, Pa. BARNES, ALFRED C, was born Oct. 27, 1842, in Philadelphia, Pa. He was elected colonel of the thirteenth regiment in 1884, and in 1886 retired from military service. He founded the Astor Place bank, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1891 be- came its president. He planned and su- pervised Barnes' Brief History of Amer- ica. BARNES, ALFRED SMITH, publisher, was born Jan. 28, 1817, in New Haven, Conn. In 1840 he went to Philadelphia for four years, and built up a profitable publishing business, which he then re- moved to New York city. His brother, five sons and a nephew were associated with him under the title of A. S. Barnes and Co. The firm attained eminence in the publication of school books. His son, Alfred C. Barnes, now represents the house in The American Book company. He died Feb. 17, 1888, in Brooklyn, N. Y. BARNES, AMOS, hotel proprietor, was born Aug. 15, 1828, in East Lebanon, N. H. He established the firm of Barnes and Dunkle in 1879, and leased the Hotel Brunswick in the famous Back Bay dis- trict of Boston. The Brunswick is now known as one of the finest and most suc- cessful hotels in America. BARNES, ANNIE MARIA, editor, au- thor, was born May 28, 1857, in Colum- bia, S. C. For many years she edited and published a juvenile paper, and is the author of Some Lowly Lives; The Life of David Livingston; Scenes in Pioneer Methodism; The Children of the Kala- hari; The House of Grass; and The At- lanta Ferryman. BARNES, CATHARINE WEED, artist, was born Jan. 10, 1851, in Albany, N. Y. She is one of the editors of the Ameri- can Amateur Photographer, besides writing for other magazines on camera work. She built a fine portrait studio at Albany, N. Y., containing a labora- tory and printing room. BARNES, DEMAS, journalist, banker, congressman, was born April 4, 1887, in Canandaigua, N. Y. In 1866 he was elected as a democrat to the fortieth congress, where he served on the committees on banking and currency, and education and labor. He was active in procuring legis- lation for the construction of the Brook- lyn bridge. The Brooklyn Eagle at one time belonged to him, and of the Brook- lyn Argus he was the founder, continuing publication until 1877. He died May 1, 1888. in New York city. BARNES, EDWIN H., poet, was born May 13, 1849, in Marathon, N. Y. He Is the author of a volume of poems entitled A Wild Bouquet, which contains many rare gems of verse. He is engaged in business in his native city, where he filled the office of postmaster for eleven years. BARNES. GEORGE T., lawyer, state representative, was born Aug. 14, 1833, in Richmond county, Ga. He was edu- cated at the Richmond county academy and at Franklin college. University of Georgia, Athens, where he graduated in August, 1853. He studied law, was ad- mitted to the bar. and has since practiced in Georgia. He was a member of the state house of representatives of Geor- gia in 1860-65; was a member of the na- tional democratic committee from Geor- gia, 1876-84, and was elected to the for- ty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty-first congresses. BARNES, JACOB B., journalist, was born July 11, 1839, in Freeport, III. He is the editor and owner of the Peoria Journal, one of the leading newspapers of the west HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 81 BARNES, JAMES, author, was born in 1865 in Maryland. He is tlie autiior of For King or Country, a Story of tlie Revolu- tion; Admiral Farragut; Naval Actions of the War of 1812; and A Princetonian. BARNES, JOHN A., lawyer, jurist, leg- islator, was born Jan. 3, 1859, in Marion county, Ky. He has been master in chan- cery for Clay county, III., and is a suc- cessful lawyer of Louisville. In 1897 he became a member of the Illinois state leg- islature. BARNES, JOSEPH K., physician, sur- geon, was born July 21, 1817, in Philadel- phia, Pa. He was present at the death- bed of Lincoln, attended Secretary Sew- ard when he was wounded by the knife of a confederate assassin, and attended Mr. Garfield through his long confine- ment. He was a trustee of Peabody edu- cational fund, a commissioner for the sol- diers' home, and the custodian of other important public trusts. He died April 5, 1883, in Washington, D. 0. BARNES, LEMUEL CALL, clergyman, was born Nov. 6, 1854, in Kirtland. Ohio, He is a prominent clergyman of the bap- tist church, and is now pastor of the Fourth Avenue church, of Pittsburg, Pa. BARNES, LYMAN E., lawyer, congress- man, was born June 30, 1855, in Weyau- wega. Wis, He began the practice of law in Appleton in 1876; was district at- torney of Outagamie county, and as a •democrat was elected to the fifty-third congress. BARNES, MARY SHELDON, educator, author, was born Sept, 15, 1850, in Oswe- go, N. Y. In 1874 she graduated from the University of Michigan; and has filled the chair of Latin and Greek in the Oswego state normal school, and later in the Wellesley college. She is the author of Studies in General History; Studies in American History; and Teachers' Man- ual. BARNES, PHINEAS, engineer, was born Jan, 10, 1842, in Portland, Me. He studied at the Lawrence Scientific school, Cambridge, Mass,, and at the Rensselaer Polytechnic institute, Troy, N, Y, Mr, Barnes has made a specialty of the con- struction of iron and steel v,'orks, and for some time has been associated with the American Iron and Steel works in Pittsburg, Pa, He is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, to whose transactions he has frequently contributed papers of technical value, BARNES, SARAH ISABELLA, poet, was born March 18, 1867, in Dexterville, Ohio; is the author of a volume of poems. She has contributed extensively to the periodical press, and her poems have been incorporated into several standard works. BARNES, THURLOW WEED, presi- dent of corporations, was born June 28, 1853, in Albany, N. Y. In 1876 he grad- uated from Harvard university. His life has been devoted to literary work and politics. He Is the president of corpor- ations in New York city. He was chair- man of the Albany general committee in 1886; traveled in Europe in 1882, and made the tour around the world in 1884-85. He is a grandson of Thurlow Weed, and is the author of the second volume of the Life of Thurlow Weed in two volumes, and of Souvenir of Albany Bicentennial. 6 BARNES, WILLIAM, educator, lawyer, was born May 26, 1824, in Pompey, N. Y. He started life as a schoolteacher, and in 1843, in connection with his father, who was county superintendent, he success- fully conducted one of the first normal schools or teachers' institutes in New York state at Baldwinsville. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar, and became noted as one of the foremost lawyers of his state at Albany. BARNES, WILLIAM, journalist, is the youngest son of William Barnes, the cele- brated lawyer of Albany, N. Y. He is the editor of The Albany Evening Journal, and contrib- utes extensively to current literature The Evening Jour- nal is published ev- ery evening except Sunday, and also is- sues a semi-weekly and weekly edition. It is one of the fore- most journals in the state of New York, and always advocates the principles of the republican party. It is published by The Journal Publishing company, of which he is one of the largest individual stock- holders. BARNES, WILLIAM H., lawyer, jurist, legislator, was born in 1843 in Hampton, Conn. In 1866 he was admitted to the bar and commenced the practice of law at Jacksonville, 111. He was a representa- tive in the state legislature in 1871 and 1872, and was a delegate to the demo- cratic national conventions of 1876, 1880 and 1884. He was a member of every democratic state convention held in Illi- nois between 1865 and 1885, and in 1885 was appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of the territory of Arizona. BARNES, WILLIAM HENRY, railroad president, was born July 12, 1829, in Philadelphia, Pa, Since 1892 he has been president of the Allegheny Valley rail- way, and also various other railroads. BARNETT, EDWARD H., clergyman, journalist, was born Oct. 8, 1840. in Mont- gomery county, Va. He has filled various pastorates in Virginia and Georgia; has been for five years editor of the Presby- terian Quarterly of Richmond, Va.. and is the author of a work entitled Life's Gold- en Lamp. BARNETT, JAMES, soldier, merchant, banker, congressman, was born June 21, 1821, in Cherry Valley, N. Y. He received his education in the public schools of Cleveland, Ohio, and is a successful hard- ware merchant of that city. During the civil war he served with distinction, and attained the rank of brigadier-general. In 1882 he was elected a member of con- gress from Cleveland by the republic- an party. He has served as president of the First National bank, and is promi- nently identified with the business and public affairs of his city and state. BARNETT, ORVILLE MARION, law- yer, state legislator, was born Aug, 14, 1870, in Knox county. Mo, He is a suc- cessful lawyer of Sedalia, Mo., and In 1897 was elected a member of the Mis- souri state legislature. BARNETT, MRS. RACHEL PRICE, ed- ucator, poet, was born March 30, 1837, in Freeport, Ohio, For nearly ten years she taught school in Ohio and Iowa, and is now a writer and poet of Dexter, Iowa. BARNETT. SAMUEL, journalist, au- thor, was born March 6, 1824, in Washing- ton, Ga, He was president of the Wash- ington bank; in 1871 was commissioner, and in 1872 was secretary of the Georgia State Agricultural society. He was editor of the Chronicle, and author of Interest Table; Buckle's Outliae View of Georgia; and many other works. BARNETT, WILLIAM, congressman. He was elected a representative in con- gress from Georgia from 1812 to 1815, when he was appointed one of the com- missioners to run the Creek boundary line. BARNETT, WILLIAM ALLEN, mer- chant, was born Oct. 8, 1822, near Hamil- ton, Ohio. He has attained success as a merchant miller. For over half a cen- tury he was proprietor of the same mills. BARNEY, EDWARD MITCHELL, cler- gyman, author, was born Feb. 28, 1811, in Lynn, Mass. He was educated at the Harvard college and Tufts Divinity school and received the degree of B. D. from the latter institution. He has filled a pastor- ate in the First Universalist church of Marion, Mass., and now fills a pastorate in the First Universalist church of Bev- erly, one of the largest churches in his denomination. BARNEY, EVERETT H., inventor, manufacturer, was born Dec. 7, 1835, in Framingham, Mass, He has attained suc- cess as a manufacturer and inventor, and the Barney and Berry skates have a world-wide reputation. BARNEY, JOHN, congressman. He was a member of congress from Maryland from 1825 to 1827. He left behind him an unfinished record of Personal Recollec- tions of Men and Things. He died Jan. 26, 1856, in Washington, D. C. BARNEY, JOSHUA, naval officer, com- modore, was born in 1759 in Baltimore, Md. He entered the naval service of the revolution in 1775, and was active during the whole war. He bore the American flag to the French national convention in 1796, and entered the French service. He returned to America in 1800, and took part in the war of 1812. He died in 1818 in Pittsburg, Pa. BARNEY, SAMUEL S.,lawyer,congress- man. was born Jan. 31, 1846, in Hartford, Wis. He was educated in the public schools and at Lombard university. Gales- burg. 111., and taught the high school in Hartford for four years. He has practiced his profession at West Bend, Wis., since 1873. He filled the office of superintend- ent of schools of Washington county from 1876 to 1880, and was elected to the fifty- fourth and fifty-fiftli congresses. BARNFIELD, THOMAS P„ lawyer, leg- islator, jurist, was born March 25, 1844, in Boston, Mass. He was admitted to the Rhode Island bar in 1870, and was city solicitorof Pawtucketfor eleven years. He was judge of the probate court for three years, and was a member of the legisla- ture of Rhode Island for three years. BARNHART, JACOB S., lawyer, poet, was born Jan. 19, 1828, near Bellefonte, Pa. In 1849 he became a daguerrean artist, and subse- quently a photog- rapher. For many years he was the editor and owner of the Democratic Watchman of Penn- sylvania. In 1871 he was admitted to the bar, and since 1877 has practiced law in Charles City, Iowa. He is a stenographer and a teacher of shorthand, and a natural musician. He has contributed extensively to the period- ical press, and his poems have been given a place in several standard works. 82 HERRINGSHAWS KNCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BARNITZ, CHARLES A., congressman. He was a representative in congress from Pennsyl\anla frOm 1833 to 1835. He died m March, 1850, in York, Pa. BARNS, WILLIAM, clergyman, was born in 1795, in Ireland. He was very successful in his preaching, and during his various pastorates large accessions were made to the churches under his di- rection. Among these charges were sev- eral of the largest in Philadelphia and Harrisburg. He died Nov. 25, 1865, in Philadelphia. Pa. BARNUM, MRS. FRANCES COURTE- NAY, author, was born in 1848 in Arkan- sas. She is a novelist now living in Sa- vannah, Ga., and the author of On Both Sides, an international novel; Behind the Blue Ridge; Juan and Juanita, a juvenile tale; and Claudia Hyde. BARNUM, HENRY A., soldier, was born Sept. 24, 1833, in Jamesville, N. Y. He was brevetted major-general in 1865. In 1866 he resigned, having declined a colonelcy in the regular army, and became inspector of prisons in New York. He was deputy tax commissioner from 1869 till 1872, and was for five years harbor-master of New York. In 1885 he was elected as a republican to the New York state assembly. BARNUM. PHINEAS TAYLOR, show- man, author, was born July 5, 1810, in Bethel, Conn. He was the son of a farmer and tavern keeper, and became a suc- cessful showman of world-wide fame. He was the author of Humbugs of the World; Struggles and Triumphs, or Forty Years' Recol- lections; Lion Jack, or How Menageries are Made; and Au- tobiography. He was the best known and most popular circus showman ever en- gaged in that business in America. He died April 7, 1891, in Bridgeport, Conn. BARNUM, WILLIAM H., manufacturer, congressman, United States senator, was born Sept. 17, 1818, in Columbia county, Conn. His firm of Barnum, Richardson and Co. built large works in Lime Rock and East Canaan, Conn., and finally added a car wheel shop in Chicago. In 1851-52 he sat in the state legislature, and from 1868 attended every national con- vention of his party as a delegate. He was a member of congress in 1867-76; and Connecticut then made him United States senator. He died April 30, 1889, in Lime Rock, Conn. BARNUM, ZENAS, civil engineer, cap- italist, was born Dec. 9, 1810, in Wilkes- barre. Pa. He was a civil engineer, but became proprietor of Barnum's hotel in Baltimore, in the management of which he acquired a large fortune. Later he be- came president of the Baltimore Central railroad. He died April 5, 1865, in Balti- more, Md. BARNWELL, JOHN, soldier, was born about 1671 in Ireland. Barnwell's force overtook the depredating Tuscaroras and killed 300 in the first engagement. The survivors were driven into their fortified town, besieged, and finally reduced to sub- mission. Nearly 1,000 of them were killed or captured, and the remnant abandoned their hereditary lands and joined the Five Nations of New York. This was the first crushing blow dealt against the Indians by the white settlers in the Carolinas, and Barnwell is to this day known to his descendants as Tuscarora John. He died about June, 1724, in Beaufort, S. C. BARNWELL, ROBERT, soldier, con- gressman, was born in 1762 in Beaufort, S. C. He volunteered for the revolution- ary war when sixteen years old. He was afterward a member of the convention in South Carolina on the adoption of the federal constitution; and was a represent- ative in congress in 1791-93. He died in 1814. BARNWELL, ROBERT WOODWARD, college president, congressman, was born Aug. 10, 1801, in Beaufort, S. C. He grad- uated at Harvard university in 1821; stud- ied law; was a representative in con- gress from South Carolina from 1829 to 1833; was president of the South Carolina college from 1835 to 1843, and was a sena- tor in congress in 1850 by appointment to fill a vacancy. After the war he was again president of the South Carolina college. He died Nov. 25, 1882, in Columbia, S. C. BARR, ALBERT J., journalist, was born Jan. 12, 1851, in Pittsburg, Pa. Upon the death of his father he became presi- dent of the Pittsburg Post Printing and Publishing company, and editor-in-chief of the paper. The work he has since done on the Post has made that publication one of the best known newspapers in America. In 1893 he was appointed a com- missioner to the World's Fair, and in 1894 was appointed surveyor of customs of the port of Pittsburg. BARR, MRS. AMELIA EDITH [HUD- DLESTON], author, was born March 29, 1831, in Lancaster, England. She came to America in 1854. Her books exhibit many excellencies of construction and character- ization, are wholesome in tone, and have been deservedly popular. Among the best of them may be named Jan Vedder's Wife; Paul and Christina; A Daughter of Fife; A Border Shepherdess; The Bow of Or- ange Ribbon, a tale of colonial life in New York; Between Two Loves; Friend Olivia; Bernicia, a story in which Whitefield, the famous preacher, is a prominent figure. Other works by Mrs. Barr include: Scot- tish Sketches; Flower of Gala Water; Ro- mance and Reality; Young People of Shakespeare's Time; Cluny McPherson; The Hallam Succession; The Lost Silver of Briffault; The Last of the McAlisters; Scottish Sketches; The Squire of Sandal Side; Master of His Fate; Christopher; Remember the Alamo, a story of Texas; She Loved a Sailor; A Rose of a Hundred Leaves; Michael and Theodora; A Sister to Esau; Feet of Clay; The Household of McNeil; The Preacher's Daughter; Love for an Hour is Love Forever; A Singer from the Sea; and The Lone House. BARR, BERZELIUS L., lawyer, college president, author, was born Sept. 29, 1846, in Tremort City, Ohio. He graduated in law from the University of Michigan, and as civil engineer from the National Normal university, Ohio. For twelve years he was president of the Western Normal uni- versity, and now practices law in his na- tive city. He served as a union soldier during the civil war in company F, second Illinois liglit artillery, and was in the sieges of Atlanta and Jonesboro, and Nash\ille, Tenn. He is the author of Outlines of Oral Grammar Teaching; and Complete Inductive Grammar. BARR, CHARLES, educator, was born April 8, 1860, in Watertown, N. Y. In 1887 he accepted the chair of natural science in Baldwin university of Berea, Ohio, and in 1888 he became professor of astronomy and applied mathematics, and acting professor of biology in Albion col- lege, of Albion, Mich. BARR, G. WALTER, physician, lectur- er, author, was born Oct. 25. 1860, in Med- way, Ohio. In 1880 he graduated from the Indiana Asbury uni- versity, and in 1884 from the Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia. He is jirofessor of materia medica, therapeu- lics and hygiene in the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Keokuk, Iowa. He has been a public lecturer on popular science; was lecturer on hygiene in the Training School for Nurses in the Blessing hospital of Quincy, 111.; is post-surgeon Illinois division Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., and a promi- nent member of many leading medical and pharmaceutical associations. He is the author of Idiosyncrasy and Drug, and other works. BARR, GEORGE TILLOTSON, banker, state senator, was born Feb. 4, 1851, in Terre Haute, Ind. He is a successful banker of Mankato, Minn., of which city he has been mayor. In 1889 he served as a representative in the Minnesota state legislature; was a state senator during 1891-97, and president pro tern of the sen- ate during the sessions of 1895 and 1897. BARR, JOHN W., lawyer, jurist, was born Dec. 17, 1826, in Versailles, Ky. In 1847 he commenced the practice of law at Versailles, Ky., and soon afterward re- moved to Louisville, where he continued to practice his profession until 1880, when he was appointed United States district judge for the district of Kentucky. BARR, SAMUEL P., journalist, con- gressman, was born June 15, 1829, in Ire- land. He emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1831; received a com- mon-school education; engaged in rail- road and commercial pursuits; was editor of the Harrisburg Telegraph from 1873 to 1878, and was elected a representative from Pennsylvania to the forty-seventh and forty-eighth congresses. BARR, THOMAS C, capitalist, was born Feb. 2, 1858, in Wellsboro, Pa. He has been president of several railway com- panies, and has also organized and put in operation the omnibus general of Phila- delphia. He was elected president of the New Jersey Traction company in 1893. BARR, THOMAS J., state senator, con- gressman, was born in 1812 in New York city. In 1853 he was elected a member of the New York state senate, and was elected a representative in congress from New York to the thirty-fifth and thirty- sixth congresses. BARRAS, CHARLES M., actor, author, was born in 1826. He was the author of a well-known spectacular play called The Black Crook, from which he derived a large income. His eccentric character and unconscious drollery made him popu- lar. He died March 31, 1873, in Cos Cobb, Conn. BARRERE, GRANVILLE, lawyer, con- gressman, was born in Highland county, Ohio. He commenced practicing law in Illinois in 1856, and was elected to the forty-third congress. BARRERE, NELSON, congressman. He was a representative in congress from Ohio from 1851 to 1853. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BARRET, ALEXANDER BUCHANAN, tobacco merchant, was born March 18, 1811, in Louis county, Va. He estab- lished branch stemmeries in Henderson, Louisville, Owensboro, Cloverport, and other points in Kentucky, at Clarksville, Tenn., and in Missouri, and was, in his time, without doubt, the most extensive tobacco merchant in the world, controlling annually many thousands of hogsheads in the markets of England. He died June 15, 1861, in New York. BARRET, JOHN HENRY, merchant, was born in 1835, in Henderson, Ky. His firm is known under the style of Jno. H. Barret and Co., and they retain, both in America and in Europe, the extensive and influential prestige which was once the high and peculiar distinction of the orig- inal house in the Kentucky tobacco mar- ket. BARRETT, BENJAMIN FISK, clergy- man, author, was born June 24, 1808, in Dresden, Maine. He is a Swedenborgian clergyman of Philadelphia who wrote ex- tensively in behalf of his faith. Among his many books are A Life of Sweden- borg; The New View of Hell; Swedenborg and Channing; Heaven Revealed; and a Popular Presentation of Swedenborg's Disclosures about Heaven. He died in 1892, BARRETT, EDWARD, naval officer, was born in 1828, in Louisiana. In 1864-65 he commanded the monitor Catskill, and cap- tured the Deer, the only blockade-runner captured by a monitor. He was in the first expedition that ascended the Yang- tse-Kiang river as far as Hangkow, and took the first man-of-war through the Bads jetties at the mouth of the Missis- sippi. He died in March, 1880. BARRETT, FLAVIUS J., lawyer, legisla- tor, jurist, was born Oct. 22, 1835, in Giles county. Trim. He received the rudiments of his education in the common schools, and graduated from the Baylor univer- sity of Independence, * •*• _> Texas. During the war he was captain of ~ _ ,; I ompany B, fifteenth Jjgw regiment, Texas cav- ^^^K^Sr^^^^ erate states army. ^^^■^B^ ^^^H He has attained emi- im^J^ ^^^/^ nence as an able law- yer of Henrietta, Texas, in which city he has been chief of police, superintendent of pub- lic schools, and held other offices of trust. He has served with distinction as a member of the Texas state legislature, and is now county judge of Clay county, Texas. BARRETT, GEORGE HOOKER, actor, was born Jan. 9, 1794, in England. He made his debut as an adult as Belcaur in The West Indian at the Parke theater. New York, in 1822, and at once became one of the favorite actors of the day. BARRETT, HARRISON D.. spiritualist, was born April 26, 1863, in Canaan, Me. He has been a teacher in the public schools of Minnesota, and in 1889 grad- uated from the Meadville Theological school, Pennsylvania, but has never been ■ordained. In 1891 he was co-editor of a work entitled Cassadaga, Its History and Teaching; and is the author of Life Work of Cora L. V. Richmond. In 1893 he was elected president of the National Spiritual. ist association, and in 1897 was appoint- ed editor of The Banner and Light of Bos- ton, Mass., the oldest spiritualist paper in existence. BARRETT, J. RICHARD, congress- man, was born in Kentucky. Removing to Missouri he was elected a representative from that state to the thirty-sixth con- gress. BARRETT, JOHN ERIGENA, journal- ist, state legislator, author, was born May 10, 1849, in Ireland. He entered journal- ism as a reporter on The Republican, of Scranton, Pa., and became its managing editor. In 1884 he began the publication, in conjunction with J. J. Jordan, of The Scranton Truth, an independent daily newspaper, which they still publish. He is one of the foremost editorial writers in America, and has attained note as a bril- liant orator. In 1878 he was elected a member of the Pennsylvania state legis- lature as a republican, and took an im- portant part in the deliberations of that body. He is the author of a number of stories, the most notable of which are Love and Labor, or All the Perils of the Poor; The Black List; Worse Than Death; A Knight of Labor; The Rising Tide; and the Curse of Innisfail. He is also the author of a volume of poems en- titled The Fugitives and Other Poems. BARRETT, JOSEPH HARTWELL, journalist, author, was born April 15, 1824, in Ludlow, Vt. In 1845 he gradu- ated from Middle- bury college. In 1851- 52 he served as a representative in the Vermont state legis- lature; in 1853-54 he was secretary of the Vermont senate, and in 1861-68 was com- missioner of pen- sions. During 1857- 61 he was editor of the Cincinnati Ga- zette, and editor of the Cincinnati Chronicle and Times dur- ing 1868-79. He has contributed to re- views and other periodicals from 1846 to the present time, and his writings have been valuable acquisitions to current lit- erature, and have, in many instances, been incorporated into standard works. He is the author of Biography of Abraham Lin- coln. BARRETT, LAWRENCE, actor, was born April 4, 1838, in Paterson, N. J. His first appearance was in 1853. On the out- break of the civil war in 1861, Mr. Bar- rett accepted a captaincy in the twenty- eighth Massachusetts infantry and served with distinction. Afterward he acted at Philadelphia, at Washington, and then at the Winter Garden in New York, where he was engaged by Mr. Booth to play Othello to his lago. He died March 20, 1891, in New York city. BARRETT, WILLIAM E., journalist, legislator, congi-essman, was born Dec. 29, 1850, in Melrose, Mass. He was edu- cated at the public schools, and graduated from Dartmouth college in 1880. He be- gan at once as assistant editor of the St. Albans Daily Messenger; joined the staff of the Boston Daily Advertiser in 1882, and was Washington correspondent of the Boston Advertiser 1882-86; he was recalled to Boston to become ed- itor-in-chief, and in 1888 he became chief proprietor and manager of the Boston Daily Advertiser and the Boston Evening Record. He was a member of the Massa- chusetts legislature in 1887-92, and a can- didate for congress in April, 1893; was elected to the fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth congresses. BARRICKLOW, JOSEPH P., lawyer, legislator, was born Feb. 7, 1867, in Ris- ing Sun, Ind. He is a successful lawyer of Areola, 111., and served with distinc- tion as a member of the thirty-ninth and fortieth general assemblies of the Illinois state legislature. BARRINGER, DANIEL L., lawyer, con- gressman, was born Oct. 1, 1788, in Meck- lenburg county, N. C. He served in the legislature of North Carolina in 1813, and from 1819-22. He was a representative in congress from North Carolina from 182$ to 1835; and was a presidential elector in 1844. He subsequently removed to Ten- nessee, and was elected speaker of the house of representatives of that state. He died Oct. 16, 1852. BARRINGER, DANIEL MOREAU, law- yer, legislator, congressman, was born in 1807 in Cabarras county, N. C. tie com- menced practicing law in 1829, and in that year was elected a member of the state legislature, in which position he con- tinued for a number of years. He was a representative in congress from North Carolina from 1843 to 1849, when he was appointed Minister to Spain. On his re- turn home he was elected to the state leg- islature. He was elected a delegate to the peace congress of 1861, and also to the Philadelphia national union convention of 1866. He died Sept. 1, 1873, in Green Brier Springs, Va. BARRINGER, JOHN E., farmer, state senator, was born July 16, 1841, in New York. He was elected to the Michigan state senate of 1887-88, and took an active part in that body. BARRITT, FRANCES FULLER, poet, was born in 1826 in Rome, N. Y. When only fourteen years old she began writ- ing for publication, and at twenty- two was a favorite contributor to the Home Journal, under the man- agement of N. P. Willis. Azlea, a tragedy, was written about this time, and published in 1851 in a volume entitled Poems of Imagination and Sentiment, by herself and her sister Metta (Mrs. Victor), and edited by Rufus W. Griswold. BARRON, ELWYN ALFRED, journal- ist, dramatist, was born in 1855, in Ten- nessee. He has been a Chicago journalist on the editorial staff of the Inter-Ocean since 1879, and has written The Viking, a blank-verse drama, and A Moral Crime, and other plays. BARRON, ERNEST R., inventor, was born May 23, 1844, in Meadville, Pa. He has made many important inventions now used on typewriters. He superintended the construction of the first caligraph, and witnessed its success as rival of the Remington. BARRON. JAMES, naval officer, was born in 1769 in Virginia. He is chiefly known to the present generation from his encounter when in command of the Ches- apeake with the British frigate Leopard in time of peace, and the duel in which he killed Com. Decatur. He died April 21, 1851, in Norfolk, Va. BARRON. JOHN C, surgeon, capitalist, was born Nov. 2, 1837, in Woodbridge. N. J. Returning to civil life at the end of his enlistment, he became a member and surgeon of the famous seventh regi- ment of New York city from 1863 to 1871, and after his resignation he was appoint- ed surgeon-general of the first division of the national guard of New York, with the rank of colonel. He is president of The Carpenter Steel works of Reading, Pa.; The Kentucky Coal, Iron and Development company; The Lyons and Campbell Ranch and Cattle company, and The Gila Farm company. 84 HKRRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGKAPHT. BARRON, SAMUEL, naval officer, was born Sept. 25, 1765, in Hampton. Va. He was distinguished for gallantry in the revolutionary navy of Virginia, in which his father, his uncle and his brother also participated. He died Oct. 28, 1810, in Hampton, Va. BARRON, SAMUEL, naval officer, was born about 1802 in Virginia. He entered the navy as midshipman; attained the rank of lieutenant in 1827; commander in 1847; and captain in 1855. BARRON, WALTER J., inventor, was born June 27, 1846, in Meadville, Pa. He invented many improvements now in use on leading typewriters, and in 1888 he in- vented the Universal typewriter. In 1891 he perfected the Densmore and Barron typewriters. BARROW, ALEXANDER, lawyer, leg- islator. United States senator, was born in 1801 in Nashville, Tenn. He served a number of years in the legislature of Louisiana, and was a senator in congress from Louisiana from 1841 to 1846. He died Dec. 29, 1846, in Baltimore, Md. BARROW, DAVID, clergyman, was born Oct. 30, 1753, in Virginia. He held various pastorates in Kentucky, and in 1803 published an able pamphlet on The Trinity. He died Nov. 14, 1819, in Ken- tucky. BARROW, MRS. FRANCES ELIZA- BETH, author, was born Feb. 22, 1822, in Charleston, S. C. She was a writer of juvenile tales which have been widely circulated. Among them are The Night Cap Series; The Pop Gun Series; and The Six Mitten Books. She died in 1894. BARROW, POPE, soldier, lawyer. United States senator, was born Aug. 1, 1830, in Oglethorpe county, Ga. He grad- uated from the University of Georgia in 1859, and in the law class of that institu- tion of 1860. He served in the confeder- ate army, and at the close of the war of the rebellion resumed the practice of law at Athens, Ga. He was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1877, and was a representative in the state leg- islature in 1880-81. He was elected a sena- tor of the United States from Georgia to fill a vacancy, and served from 1882 to 1883. BARROW, WASHINGTON, lawyer, congressman, was born Oct. 5, 1817, in Da- vidson county, Tenn. He was a lawyer by education and profession, and in 1841 was appointed American charge d'affaires to Portugal. He was a representative in congress from Tennessee from 1847 to 1849. He died Oct. 19, 1866, in St. Louis, Mo. BARROWS, CHARLES C, physician, was born June 5, 1857, in Jackson, Miss. He is assistant obstetric physician and gynecologist of Bellevue hospital of New York city. BARROWS, ELIJAH PORTER, educa- tor, clergyman, author, was born Jan. 5, 1817, in Mansfield, Conn. In 1853 he was appointed professor of Hebrew language and literature in Andover theological seminary, retaining the office until 1866. In 1872 he accepted a like appointment in Oberlin, Ohio, theological seminary. Be- sides twenty-five articles in the Biblio- theca Sacra, he has published A Memoir of Evertin Judson; Companion to the Bi- ble; and Sacred Geography and Antiqui- ties. He has also been one of the ed- itors of the American Tract society's Bible with Notes. BARROWS, HENRY FRANCIS, manu- facturer, was born In Attleborough, Mass. He is the builder and president of The Attleborough Branch railroad; manager of The North Attleborough Gas company; and president of The North Attleborough National bank. BARROWS, JOHN HENRY, clergyman, author, was born in 1847 in Michigan. He is a Presbyterian clergyman of Chi- cago, and the author of The Gospels are True History; I Believe in God the Father Almighty; Henry Ward Beecher, the Pul- pit Jupiter; and Life of Henry Ward Beecher. BARROWS, JOHN OTIS, clergyman, au- thor, poet, was born Aug. 4, 1833, in Mansfield, Conn. He has filled many im- portant pastorates in the congregational church, and is the author of On Horse- back in Cappadocia and many po- ems of merit have appeared from the pen of this eminent divine. BARROWS, SAMUEL JUNE, clergy- man, congressman, author, was born May 26, 1845, in New York city. He was fifteen years chaplain of the fifth regi- ment Massachusetts militia, and was elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a re- publican. He is the author of The Shay- backs in Camp; The Baptist Meeting House; Science and Immortality; Isles and Shrines of Greece; and various other works. BARROWS, WILLARD, civil engineer, author, was born in 1806 in Monson, Mass. He accomplished the government survey of the Choctaw purchase, in Mississippi. finishing that work in 1835. Later he ex- plored Cedar river, which at that time was scarcely known, and in 1837 was en- gaged on the first surveys of Iowa. In 1840 he surveyed the islands in Missis- sippi river between Rock Island and Quincy. He published several accounts of his experiences, including Barrows's New Map of Iowa, with Notes, and His- torical Sketch of Scott County. He died Jan. 3, 1868, in Davenport, Iowa. BARROWS, WILLIAM, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1815 in Massachusetts. He was a congregational clergyman of Massachusetts, and the author of The Church and the Children; The Indian's Side of the Indian Question; Oregon, the Struggle for Possession; The United States of Yesterday and To-morrow; and Twelve Nights in the Hunter's Camp. He died in 1891. BARRY, BELLE B., poet, has contrib- uted many poems of rare merit to the peri- odical press, which have been incor- porated into several standard works. She is the wife of Isaac E. Barry, a prominent business man of Knoxville, Tenn. BARRY, F. G., soldier, lawyer, state senator, congressman, was born Jan. 15, 1845, in Woodbury, Tenn. He served in the confederate army during the civil war, and engaged in the practice of law at West Point, Mississippi. He was a state senator from 1875 to 1879; was a presidential elector in 1880, and was elect- ed a representative from Mississippi to the forty-ninth and fiftieth congresses. BARRY, HENRY W., soldier, state sen- ator, congressman, was born in New York city. He entered the union army as a private early in the war; organized the first regiment of colored troops raised in Kentucky, and commanded a brigade and for a time a division of the army. He was brevetted twice for gallant and meritori- ous conduct, the last brevet being major- general. He was elected a member of the state constitutional convention of Mis- sissippi in 1867; was elected to the state senate of Mississippi in 1868; and was elected to the forty-first, forty-second and forty-third congresses. He died June 7, 1875, in Washington, D. C. BARRY, JOHN, naval officer, was born in 1754 in Ireland. He served through the revolutionary war as a naval officer, and at the close of the war, the United States established a new navy, and Barry was named senior of- ficer. In 1776 he com- manded the brig Lex- ington, the first continental vessel which sailed from the port of Philadelphia, and with which he made the first cap- ture of a British war vessel accomplished by an American cruis- er. He subsequently commanded the Ef- fingham, Raleigh, the Alliance and other war vessels. He died Sept. 30, 1803, in Philadelphia, Pa. BARRY, JOHN DANIEL, author, was born in 1866 in Massachusetts. He is the author of A Daughter of Thespis; The Intriguers, a novel; Mademoiselle Blanche; and The Princess Margarethe, a fairy tale. BARRY, JOHN STETSON, clergyman, author, was born March 26, 1819, in Bos- ton, Mass. He was a universalist clergy- man, and the author of The Stetson Gen- ealogy; and History of Massachusetts. He died Dec. 11, 1872, in St. Louis, Mo. BARRY, JOHN STEWART, state sena- tor, governor, was born Jan. 29, 1802, in Amherst, N. H. Upon the organ- ization of the Michigan state government he was elected a state senator, and in 1841 chosen governor of the state. He was re- elected in 1843, and also in 1849; and was also, on two occasions, a presidential elector. He died Jan. 14, 1870, in Constan- tine, Mich. BARRY, NICHOLAS J., physician, was born in 1865, in La Crosse, Fla. Is a prom- inent physician and drug merchant of Yular, Fla. He received his education in the schools of Lebanon, Ohio, and at col- leges in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Atlanta, Ga. BARRY, PATRICK, horticulturist, au- thor, was born in May, 1816, near Bel- fast, Ireland. He edited the G€nesee Farmer in 1844-52; and was editor of The Horticulturist in 1852-54. He wrote extensively on subjects connected with pomology and fiowers, and in 1851 pro- duced a Treatise on the Fruit Garden. His most important book is the complete and valuable Catalogue of the American Pomological Society, which has long been a standard work. He died June 23, 1890, in Rochester, N. Y. BARRY, WILLIAM, clergyman, author, was born Jan. 10, 1805, in Boston, Mass. He was a congregational clergyman of Chicago; and the author of Rights and Duties of Neighboring Churches; Thoughts on Christian Doctrine; History of Framingham; and Antiquities of Wis- consin. He died Jan. 17, 1885, in Chicago, 111, BARRY, WILLIAM FARQUHAR, sol- dier, was born Aug. 8, 1818, in New York city. In 1865 he was made brevet briga- dier-general, United States army, for his services in the campaign ending with the surrender of the army under Gen. J. E. Johnston, and on the same day was made brevet major-general for gallant conduct in the field. He was the author in conjunc- tion with Gen. Barnard, of Reports of the Engineer and Artillery Operations of the \rmy of the Potomac from its Organiza- tion to the Close of the Peninsular Cam- paign. He died July 18. 1879, in Balti- more, Md. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 85 BARRY, WILLIAM T., legislator, state senator, congressman, was born Feb. 5, 1785, in Lunenburg, Va. He served in the state legislature as speaker; during the years 1810-11 was a representative in congress; was a senator in congress from Kentucky from 1814-16; and was also a member ot President Jackson's cabinet, as postmaster-general. He died Aug. 30, 1835, in Liverpool, England. BARRY, WILLIAM T. S., lawyer, legis- lator, congressman, was born Dec. 10, 1821, in Columbus, Miss. He was a mem- ber of the legislature from 1849 to 1851; was a representative in congress from Mississippi from 1853-55; was speaker of the state legislature in 1855; seceded from the Charleston convention in 1860; and was president of the Secession convention of Mississippi, and member of the Provi- sional congress. He entered the confeder- ate army in 1861, and commanded the thirty-fifth Mississippi regiment from 1862 until captured at Mobile in 1865; he after- ward practiced law in Columbus. He died Jan. 29, 1868, in Columbus, Miss. BARRYMORE, WILLIAM, actor. He came to the United States in 1826, and was stage manager of the Bowery theater. His first appearance here as an actor was Jan. 28, 1832, at the Walnut street theater, Philadelphia, in the pantomime of Mother Goose. He died in 1847, in Boston, Mass. BARSTOW, GAMALIEL H., business man, state senator, congressman. He was treasurer of the state of New York from 1825-38; served three years in the assem- bly of New York; four years in the state senate; and was a representative in con- gress from that state from 1831-33. He died in April, 1865, in Nichols, N. Y. BARSTOW, GEORGE EAMES, manu- facturer, state legislator, was born Nov. 19, 1S40, in Providence, R. I. He was educated in the pub- ■ji lie schools and at .; ^ Mowry and Goff's English and Classi- cal school of Provi- dence. For four years he was a mem- ber ot the common council ; and for fourteen years was a member of the school board, being president thereof during his last year of service. During 1894-97 he was a representative in the Rhode Island leg- islature. He is a successful manufac- turer; and founder of the town of Bars- tow, the county seat of Ward county, Texas. He is a member of the Rhode Island Historical society and other insti- tutions; and his descriptive and other writings frequently appear in current literature. BARSTOW, GIDEON, legislator, con- gressman, was born in Massachusetts. He served in both branches of the legislature of that state; and was a representative in congress from 1821 to 1823. He died March 26, 1852, in St. Augustine. Fla. BARSTOW, JOHN L., soldier, legislator, state senator, governor, was born Feb. 21, 1832, in Shelburne, Vt. He served in the union army from 1861 to 1864, rising to the rank of major; and was made brig- adier-general ot state troops at the time of the St. Albans raid. He was a repre- sentative in the state legislature in 1864- 65; a state senator in 1860-68; and was United States pension agent at Burling- ton, Vt., from 1870-78. In 1880 he was elected lieutenant-governor for the term of two years; and in 1882 was elected governor of Vermont for the term ot two years. BARSTOW, WILLIAM A., soldier, gov- ernor, was born in ISll. He was gov- ernor of Wisconsin from 1854 to 1856. W'hen the rebellion commenced he raised a regiment of cavalry for the war, and was appointed its colonel. He rendered important service on courts-martial at St. Louis. He died Dec. 14, 1865, in Lea- venworth, Kan. BARSTOW, WILSON, soldier, was born in 1830. He served from the first year of the war until its close with zeal and ability, entering the service as a lieuten- ant, and, passing through the successive grades, attained the brevet rank of brig- adier-general in 1865. He died March 16, 1869, in New Y^ork city. BARSTOW, ZEDEKIAH SMITH, edu- cator, legislator, author, was born Oct. 4, 1790, in Canterbury, Conn. In 1818 he be- came pastor of a congregational church in Keene, N. H. He continued to teach the classics after his settlement at Keene, and the late Chief-Justice Chase was one ot his pupils. In 1868-69 he was a member of the New Hampshire legislature, and chaplain of that body. He published many sermons, dissertations, and essays, and was a frequent contributor to religious periodicals. He died March 1, 1873, in Keene, N. H. BARTEAU, CLARK RUSSELL, soldier, lawyer, was born April 7, 1835, near Cleve- land, Ohio. He received his education in the Wesleyan university ot Delaware, Ohio. Prior to the war he went south, and became principal of the Male acad- emy of Hartsville, Tenn., in 1856; and two years later became the editor and owner of The Hartsville Plaindealer. Dur- ing the war he was colonel of cavalry, known as Barteau's Second Tennessee, in the confederate service. He was known as a fighter; was cool but impetuous in action, and was wounded in many bat- tles, including Shiloh, Murfreesboro. Franklin, Harrisburg, and Okolona; and on Dec. 6, 1864, was disabled for the rest of the war. In 1866 he was admitted to the bar; and in 1870 removed to Bartlett, Tenn., and practices law in Memphis. BARTH, WILLIAM, capitalist, was born in 1829. in Germany. Foreseeing the great future of Denver, he at an early day bought a large amount of local real estate. He took an active part in building The South Park railroad and The Denver, Texas and Gulf railroad. For ten years he was president of the City National bank, of Denver, Colo. BARTHOLDT, RICHARD, journalist, congressman, was horn Nov. 2, 1853, in Germany. He came to this country when a boy; re- ceived a classical education; learned the printing trade and has remained a newspaper man ever since. He was ■Jt ^'W connected with sev- ^^ f eral eastern papers Wtk.' '. as reporter, legis- ^^l\ ^^^ lative correspond- ^^^^V^^^B| ent, and editor, and his election to con- gress editor-in-chief of the St. Louis Tribune. He was elected to the board of public schools of St. Louis, and in 1891 was chosen its president. He was elected to the fifty-third and fifty-fourth congresses and re-elected to the fifty- fifth congress as a republican, by over 16,000 majority. In the fifty-fourth con- gress he was chairman of the committee on immigration, and reported and passed the so-called Bartholdt-McCall bill which provided an educational test for immi- grants. BARTHOLOMEW, EDWARD SHEF- FIELD, sculptor, was born in 1822, in Col- chester, Conn. Among his best-known works are Blind Homer led by his Daugh- ter; Eve; Campagna Shepherd Boy; Ge- nius of Painting; Youth and Old Age; Evening Star; Eve Repentant; Wash- ington and Flora; A Monument to Charles Carroll; Belisarius at the Porta Pincinia; and Ganymede. The Wads- worth gallery, Hartford, Conn., contains a large number of his works. He died May 2, 1858, in Naples, Italy. BARTHOLOMEW, MILES MAR- SHALL, inventor, was born Feb. 3, 1S44, in Vienna, Ohio. He invented a type- writer a»d took out his first patent in 1879. BARTHOLOMEW, PLINY WEBSTER, lawyer, jurist, was born Aug. 4, 1340, in Cabotville, Mass. He graduated in 1864 from the Union college ot Schenectady, N. Y., and has attained success as an able lawyer of Indianapolis, Ind. He has been commissioner for New York and Connecticut, in Indiana; trustee of the American college of Indianapolis; and judge of the superior court during 1892- 96. BARTHOLOW, ROBERTS, physician, author, was born Nov. 18, 1831, in How- ard county, Md. He is a physician and medical professor of Philadelphia. He is the author of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Practice of Medicine; Medical Electricity; and The Antagonism between Medicines and between Remedies and Diseases. BARTINE, HORACE F., soldier, law- yer, journalist, congressman, was born March 21, 1848. in New York city. He enlisted as a private soldier during the civil war in the eighth regiment of the New Jersey vol- unteers, and was se- verely wounded in the breast at the battle of the Wil- derness. He was subsequently 1 n nearly all of the principal engage- ments in which the army of the Potomac took part. In 1869 he moved to Nevada, and resided there until 1895. In 1888 he was elected to con- gress, and received the re-election in 1890. He is now the editor of The Bi- metallist of Washington, D. C. BARTINE, JOHN D., lawyer, jurist, was born in 1836, in Princeton, N. J. In 1865 he moved to Somerville, N. J., where he was appointed law judge in 1885, receiving the reappointment in 1890 and again in 1895. Although he has been twelve years on the bench, such decisions of his as have been taken to higher courts have not been reversed in a single in- stance, which proves his wisdom and in- timate knowledge of the law. BARTLETT, A. EUGENE, clergyman, lecturer, author, was born Dec. 23, 1873, in Boston, Mass. He graduated from Tufts college, and received the degree of bachelor of theology. He has been secre- tary of the Boston Ministers' association; is an earnest advocate of woman's suf- frage; is prominent in many reform movements; and is the author of Thought Pits. 86 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BARTLETT, ALICE ELOISE, author, poet, was born Sept. 24, 1S48. in Dela- van. Wis. She is widely known by the pen name of Birch Arnold. In 1872 she began to write for the Toledo Blade; and is the author of two novels entitled Un- til the Daybreak, and A New Aristocracy. She has written numerous meritorious poems, which have appeared in current magazines and in several standard col- lections. BARTLETT, ASA, jurist. He was ap- pointed chief justice of the United States court for the territory of Dakota. BARTLETT, BAILEY, congressman. He was sheriff of Essex county, Mass., for many years, and a representative in congress from Massachusetts from 1797 to 1801. BARTLETT, CHARLES G., soldier. For many years he served his country as a soldier, and is now a colonel in the United States army. BARTLETT, CHARLES HENRY, naval legislator, was born Oct. 15, 1833, in Sun- apee, N. H. He served with distinction In the New Hampshire state senate in 1883; and was made president of that body. He resides in Manchester, and his portrait hangs in the new library build- ing of the state capitol. BARTLETT. CHARLES L., lawyer, jurist, legislator, congressman, was born Jan. 31, 1853, in Monticello, Ga. He re- moved from Monticello to Macon, Ga., in 1875, and has resided in Macon since then; was educated in the schools at Monticello, the university of Georgia, and the university of Virginia; and graduated at the university of Georgia in August, 1870. He studied law at the university of Virginia and was admitted to the bar in August, 1872. He was appointed so- licitor-general (prosecuting attorney) for the Macon judicial court Jan. 31, 1877, and served in that capacity until Jan. 31, 1881; was elected to the house of representa- tives of Georgia in 1882-83. and again in 1884-85, and to the state senate in 1889. He was elected judge of the superior court of the Macon circuit in 1893; and was elected to the fifty-fourth and fifty- fifth congresses. BARTLETT, CLARENCE, lecturer, was born May 22, 1858. in Brooklyn, N. Y. He attained prominence as a lecturer on neurology in many prominent colleges; and is the author of a work entitled Farrington Clinical Materia Medica. BARTLETT, DAVID LEWIS, manu- facturer, was born Dec. 6, 1816, in Hadley, Mass. His firm are among the most ex- tensive manufacturers of architectural iron and gas works in the United States. They have erected gas plants at Milwau- kee, Wis., Brooklyn, N. Y., Newark, Ho- boken, and Morristown, N. J.. Boston. Brookline and Haverhill, Mass., Wash- ington, D. C, Montreal, Canada, and Ha- vana, Cuba. BARTLETT, EDWIN JULIUS, educa- tor, was born Feb. 16, 1851, in Hudson, Ohio. He was graduated at Lake Forest academy in 1868, and at Dartmouth in 1872, after which he studied at Rush medical college, receiving his degree in 1879. From 1879 till 1883 he was associate professor of chemistry in Dartmouth col- lege, and in 1883 he became full professor. BARTLETT, ELISHA, physician, au- thor, was born in 1805, in Smithfield, R. I. He was a Rhode Island physician; and the author of The Fevers of the United States; and Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures in Mr. Dicken's Gallery. He died July 18, 1855, in Smith- field, R. L BARTLETT, ELIZABETH COLLIS. author, was born Nov. 5, 1838, in New Haven, Conn. Mrs. Bartlett's husband was editor of the Scientific American. After his death she became a writer of short stories, and at present is writing stories on English history. BARTLETT, FRANKLIN, lawyer, con- gressman, was born Sept. 10, 1847, in Worcester county, Mass. In 1890 he served as a member of the constitutional commission of the state of New York; in 1892 was a delegate from New York to the democratic national convention at Chicago; and was elected to the fifty- third and re-elected to the fifty-fourth congresses. BARTLETT, HOMER LYMAN, physi- cian, was born in Jericho, Vt. He was consulting physician to Kings county hospital; and in 1881 was a delegate to the Physicians' Mutual Aid association. He has contributed freely to medical journals; and also written a series of Sketches of Long Island. BARTLETT, ICHABOD, lawyer, legis- lator, congressman, was born July 24. 1786, in Salisbury, N. H. He was a repre- sentative in congress from New Hamp- shire from 1823-29; was also frequently in the state legislature, and was a mem- ber of the convention to revise the state constitution. He died Oct. 19, 1853, in Portsmouth, N. H. BARTLETT, JOHN, journalist, author, was born June 14, 1820, in Plymouth, Mass. He was formerly a Boston pub- lisher, well known as the editor of Fa- miliar Quotations, which reached a ninth edition in 1891. He is the author of The Shakespeare Phrase-Book; and A Com- plete Concordance to Shakespeare. BARTLETT, JOHN RUSSELL, public official, author, was born Oct. 23, 1805. in Providence, R. I. He was at one time secretary of state in Rhode Island; and was the author of Records of the Col- ony of Rhode Island; Memoir of Rhode Island Officers in the War of the Rebel- lion; Primeval Man; Genealogy of the Russell Family; Dic- tionary of Ameri- canisms; and Prog- ress of Ethnology. He edited the Letters of Roger Williams. He died May 28, 1886, in Providence, R. I. BARTLETT. JOSEPH, poet, was born June 10. 1762. in Plymouth. Mass. He was a satirical poet whose New Vicar of Bray once attracted considerable atten- tion. He died Oct. 20, 1827, in Boston. Mass. BARTLETT, JOSEPH J., diplomat, was born about 1820. in New York. In 1867 he was appointed minister resident to Sweden and Norway, where he remained until 1869. BARTLETT, JOSIAH, jurist, governor, was born Nov. 21, 1729, in Amesbury, Mass. He was educated for the medical profession; held commissions, both mili- tary and civil, under the royal govern- ment; accompanied Stark to Bennington as medical agent; was a delegate from New Hampshire to the contiijental con- gress from 1775 to 1779, and signed the articles of confederation and declaration of independence. He was appointed, in the latter year, chief justice of the court of common pleas; justice of the superior court in 1784, and chief justice in 1788. ■*!»» |P In 1790 he was appointed president of New Hampshire, and elected by the peo- ple in 1791 and 1792. In 1793 he was elected governor of New Hampshire under the constitution, serving two years. He was the president of a medical society established by his efforts in 1791. He died May 19, 1795, in New Hampshire. BARTLETT, JOSIAH, physician, con- gressman, was born in 1768. in New Hampshire. He was a physician of ex- tensive practice; a representative in con- gress from New Hampshire from 1811 to 1813; and a presidential elector in 1792 and 1825. His father, bearing the same name, was a man of note, and the first governor of New Hampshire, after the adoption of the federal constitution. He died April 14, 1838, in Stratham N. H. BARTLETT, MARY RUSSELL, author. She is a graduate of Wellesley college; and her poems constantly appear in cur- rent publications. BARTLETT, NAPIER, soldier, journal- ist, author, was born in 1836, in Georgia. He was the author of Clarimonde. a novelette; Stories of the Crescent City; and A Soldier's Story of the tVar. He died in 1877. BARTLETT, PETER MASON, clergy- man, banker, was born Feb. 6, 1820, in Salisbury, Conn. In 1850 he graduated from Williams college; and in 1853 from the Union Theological seminary of New York city. He has been general agent of the American Tract society; and has filled pastorates in Circleville, Ohio; Lansingburgh, N. Y.; and Windsor Locks, Conn. He served as chaplain of the first New York mounted rifles during 1862-63. In 1868 he was elected president of the Maryville college, Tenn.: and for nearly twenty years filled the chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy, and of Didactic Theology in that institution. He has been president of several business firms of Tennessee, and is now president of the bank of Maryville. BARTLETT, RALPH W.. lawyer, edu- cator, was born June 13, 1865, in North Brookfleld. Mass. He is a graduate from Amherst college and the Boston univer- sity law school; and is a member of the bar. Since 1894 he has been instructor of real property at the Boston university school of law. BARTLETT, SAMUEL COLCORD, eighth president of Dartmouth college, was born Nov. 25, 1817, in Salisbury, N. H. In 1836 he graduated from Dartmouth college; then began educational work. In 1843 he became pastor of the congre- gational church in Monson. Mass.; and three years later assumed the duties of the professorship of intellectual philoso- phy and rhetoric in the Western Reserve college. In 1852 he returned to the min- istry; filled pastorates in Manchester, N. H., and Chicago, 111.; and became one of the editors of the Congregational Her- ald. In 1858 he was chosen professor of biblical literature in the Chicago Theo- logical seminary; was elected president of Vermont university in 1866; and in 1877 became president of Dartmouth col- lege. After fifteen years of service he resigned in 1892. He is the author of Life and Death Eternal; from Egypt to Pales- tine; and other works. BARTLETT, THOMAS, JR., lawyer, legislator, congressman, was born in Ver- mont. He adopted the profession of the law: and was a representative in con- gress from Vermont from 1851 to 1853. He served three years in the state legis- lature, in both houses. HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 57 BARTLETT, THOMAS EDWARD, con- tractor, genealogist, was born April 17, 1838, in Smithfield, R. I. He received his education at the Maine Wesleyan semi- nary, and the Quaker school of Provi- dence, R. I. He is a successful contractor of Worcester, Mass., and the author of a genealogy of the Bartletts. BARTLETT, THOMAS ELLIOTT, clergyman, author, was born Sept. 20, 1853, in Newburyport, Mass. He gradu- ated from Brown university and New- ton Theological institute, and since 1880 has been pastor of South Baptist church, of Providence, R. L He is the author of several books. BARTLETT, WASHINGTON, governor, was born Feb. 29, 1824, in Savannah, Ga. He published the first book printed in California, entitled California as It Is and as It May Be. In 1886 he was chosen governor of California, and held that office until the time of his death. He died Sept. 2, 1887. BARTLETT, WILLIAM, philanthro- pist, was born Jan. 31, 1748, in Newbury- port. Mass. Entering on a mercantile career, before the revolution, he suc- ceeded, with economy, in amassing a for- tune, which he largely spent in charity, and for the advancement of religion and morals. At the foundation of Andover theological seminary, in 1807, he gave it $30,000, endowed a professorship, and built a house for the use of the incum- bent. His gifts to this institution reached $250,000, and he also gave largely toward temperance work, missions, and the edu- cation of ministers. He died Feb. 8, 1841, in Newburyport, Mass. BARTLETT, WILLIAM FRANCIS, sol- dier, was born Jan. 6, 1840, in Haverhill. Mass. He served in the civil war as captain of the 57th Massachusetts volun- teers, and was promoted brigadier-general for gallant and meritorious conduct. He died Dec. 17, 1876, in Pittsfield, Mass. BARTLETT. WILLIAM HOLMS CHAMBERS, scientist, author, was born in 1809, in Lancaster, Pa. He was a prominent scientist, who was from 1834- 71 an instructor at West Point. He was the author of Treatise on Optics: Analy- tical Mechanics; and Spherical Astrono- my. He died in 1893. BARTLETT, WILLIAM PITT GREEN- WOOD, mathematician, author, was born Oct. 27, 1837, in Boston, Mass. He be- came one of the corps of computers for the Nautical Almanac. He published several papers on the elements of quater- nions in the Mathematical Monthly, and on interpolation in the Memoirs of the American Academy. He died Jan. 13, 1865. in Cambridge, Mass. BARTLEY, ELIAS HUDSON, chemist, author, was born Dec. 6, 1849, in Bartley- ville. N. J. In 1882 he was appointed chief chemist to the health department, Brooklyn. He is also consulting sanita- rian to the hospital for nervous diseases, and visiting physician to the sheltering arms nursery. Dr. Bartley is a member of numerous medical and other scientific societies, and president of the American Society of Public Analysts. He has con- tributed several articles to Wood's House- hold Practice of Medicine; and is the author of A Text-Book of Medical Chem- istry. BARTLEY, MORDECAI, soldier, agri- ■culturalist, governor, was born Dec. 16, 1783, in Fayette county. Pa. He was cap- tain and adjutant, under Harrison, in the -war of 1812; and was a state senator in 1817 and 1818. He was a representative in congress from Ohio from 1823 to 1831; and governor of Ohio from 1844 to 1846. He died Oct. 12, 1870, in Mansfield, Ohio. BARTLEY, THOMAS W., lawyer, jurist, state senator, governor, was born Feb. 11, 1812, in Jefferson county. Pa. He served two years in the house of rep- resentatives, and four years in the senate of Ohio. In 1851 he was elected judge of the supreme court of Ohio, and served in that position two terms, three years of the time as chief justice of the court. In 1844, when Governor Shannon resigned to become minister to Mexico, Mr. Bart- ley, as president of the senate, became the governor. BARTOL, CYRUS AUGUSTUS, clergy- man, author, poet, was born April 30, 1813, in Freeport, Maine. His first and only settlement in the ministry was as colleague with Rev. Dr. Charles Lowell, at West church, Bos- -■'? Kfe "H ton, in 1837. In 1861 he became and still remains sole pastor, having rendered dis- tinguished service of more than half a century over one of the oldest and most influential societies of Boston. This noted unitarian clergy- man is prominent as a leader of radical religious thought; and has always been active in philanthropic movements. He is the author of Pictures of Europe; Christian Spirit and Life; Radical Problems; The Rising Faith; Principles and Portraits; Church and Congregation; and Christian Body and Form. BARTON, MRS. ANNA, pastor, poet, was born Oct. 26. 1S42. in Western New York. After engaging in active church service for many years, in 1886 she as- sumed the position of pastor of the Free Baptist church, of Paw Paw, Mich. In 1882 she published a volume of poems, entitled For Friendship's Sake. BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH, physi- cian, author, was born Feb. 10, 1766, in Lancaster. Pa. He was a noted physician of Philadelphia; and the author of Ob- servations on Some Parts of Natural His- tory; New Views on the Origin of the Tribes of North America; and Elements of Botany. He died Dec. 19, 1815, in Philadelphia, Pa. BARTON, CLARA, philanthropist, was born in 1830, in North Oxford, Mass. She was educated at Clinton,. N. Y. She founded a free school at Bordentown, N. J.; was clerk in the United States pat- ent office from 1854 to 1861; devoted her- self to the care of sick and wounded sol- diers during the civil war; went to Eu- rope and did hospital work iu the Franco-German war; aided the Red Cross movement; assisted the poor at Paris and Strasburg; returning, she be- came the head of the Red Cross society, and in 1896 went to Turkey to aid the persecuted Armenians. In 1898 she went to Cuba, and had charge of distributing supplies furnished by the United States government. BARTON. DAVID, congressman, was born in 1785, in Boonville, Mo. He was one of the first emigrants to the territory of Missouri; president of the convention which met to form a state constitution in 1820; and was a senator in congress from Missouri from 1821 to 1831. He died Sept. 28. 1837. near Boonville, Mo. BARTON, HUBBARD ALONZO, jour- nalist, poet, was born May 12, 1842, in Croydon, N. H. This well-known New Hampshire editor was educated in the schools of his native town and by private instruction, and for many years was superintendent of schools. Early de- veloping a literary taste he contributed much, both in prose and verse, to the public press. In 1879 he became the editor and senior proprietor of the New Hampshire Argus and Spectator, a well- known democratic newspaper published at Newport, N. H., which was established in 1823, by his great uncle, the Hon. Cy- rus Barton; and for the past twenty years he has been continuously connected with that publication. BARTON, RICHARD W., legislator, congressman, was born in Virginia. He was a representative in congress from that state from 1841 to 1843; also served in the state legislature; and was the first president of the Valley Agricultural so- ciety. He died March 15, 1859, in Fred- erick county, Va. BARTON, SAMUEL, congressman, was born in New York. He served three years in the assembly of that state; and was a representative in congress from 1835 to 1837. BARTON, THOMAS, clergyman, was born in 1730. in Monaghan, Ireland. He was for nearly twenty years rector of St. James church, Lancaster, Pa. He died May 25, 1780, in New York. BARTON, WILLIAM, soldier, was born May 26, 1748, in Warren, R. I. He was a soldier in the revolutionary war; and received the rank of colonel and a sword for his services. He died Oct. 22, 1831, in Providence, R. I. BARTON, WILLIAM PAUL CRILLON. physician, surgeon, botanist, author, was boi-n Nov. 17, 1786, in Philadelphia. Pa. He organized the United States naval bureau of medicine and surgery, and was known both as botanist and surgeon. He was the author of Vegetable Materia Med- ica of the United States; Flora of North America; Medical Botany; and Compen- dium Florae Philadelphiae. He died Feb. 9, 1856, in Philadelphia, Pa. BARTOW, A. A., educator, journalist, poet, was born Sept. 3, 1851, in Huron, Ohio. Until 1889 he was engaged in edu- cational work; and then became editor of the Cincinnati Public School Journal. At the age of twelve he was a drummer boy in the union army. BARTRAM, JOHN, botanist, author, was born March 23, 1699, in Darby. Pa. He was a shrewd, careful observer whom Linnaeus termed the greatest natural botanist in the world, and was called the father of American botany. He was the author of Observations on the Inhabi- tants. Climate, etc., as made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pennsyl- vania to Onondaga, etc. A similar record of travels in eastern Florida appeared in 1766. He died Sept. 22. 1777. in King- sessing. Pa. BARTRAM. JOSEPH BURR, merchant, was born May 17, 1839, in Black Rock. Conn. He is extensively engaged in the importation of sugar from the West In- dies, having plantations on the islands of St. Croix and San Domingo, and con- trolling the product of several others. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BARTRAM, WILLIAM, botanist, au- thor, was born Feb. 9, 1739, in Kingsess- ing, Pa. He was a botanist and traveler of Pennsylvania; and the author of Travel Through North and South Caro- lina, Georgia, etc.; and Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians. He died July 22, 1823, in Kingsessing, Pa. EARWIG, CHARLES, merchant, con- gressman, was born March 19, 1837, in Germany. He emigrated to America with his parents in 1845, locating at Milwau- kee. He graduated from the Spencerian business college in 1857; located at May- ville in 1865; and was elected to the fifty- first, fifty-second and fifty-third con- gresses. BARZEE, CLARK LOUIS, educator, college president, poet, was born Jan. 5, 1864, in Marion county, Ore. He has been president of the Jefferson institute, Ore- gon; president of the Mineral Spring col- lege, of Sodaville. Ore., of which institu- tion he was the founder; and is now president of the state normal school, ot Drain, Ore. For several years he was the editor of the Oregon School Journal; is the author of a work entitled X-Rays on the Public Schools; and is the author of a number of meritorious poems. BASCOM, HENRY BIDLEMAN, bishop, author, was born May 27, 1796, in Han- cock, N. Y. He was a bishop of the methodist church; and the author of Sermons from the Pulpit; Mental and Moral Science; and Methodism and Slavery. He died Sept. 8, 1850, in Louis- ville, Ky. BASCOM, JOHN, author, was born May 1, 1827, in Genoa, N. Y. He is a philo- sophical writer, and from 1874-87 was president of Wisconsin university, and subsequently professor of political science at Williams college. He is the author of Elements of Psychology; Esthetics; Po- litical Economy for Colleges; Science, Philosophy, and Religion; Natural The- ology; The Science of Mind; The Words of Christ; Philosophy of English Litera- ture; Comparative Psychology; Problems in Philosophy; Sociology, Social Theory; Ethics; The New Theology; Historical Interpretation of Philosophy; and A Phil- osophy of Religion. BASHFORD, HERBERT, author, poet was born in 1871. in Sioux Citv, Iowa. A poem written at the age of fifteen was accepted by the Critic, and his poems have appeared in several standard works. BASHFORD, JAMES WHITFORD, clergyman, college president, was born in 1849, in Fayette, Wis. He has held various pastorates, had frequent calls to take up educational work, and in 1889 was elected president of the Ohio Wesley- an university. BASHFORD, ROBERT McKEE, lawyer, legislator, was born Dec. 31, 1845. in Fay- ette, Wis. He graduated from the state university of Wisconsin in ancient classics in 1870; and in law the follow- ing year. During 1880-85 he was city attorney of Madison, Wis.; a delegate to the national democratic convention in 1884; and in 1890 was mayor of that city. During 1884-85 and since 1893 he has been professor in a law school of the state university of Wisconsin. During 1892-96 he was a member of the Wisconsin state senate, and served with distinction in that body. BASKERVILL, WILLIAM MALONE, educator, author, was born April 1, 1850, in Fayette county, Tenn. He has been professor of Latin and French in Wofford college, S. C; and of English language and literature in the Vanderbilt univer- sity. He is the author of Joel Chandler Harris, a biographical and critical study. BASS, EDWARD, bishop, was born Nov. 23, 1726, in Dorchester, Mass. He was consecrated in Philadelphia in 1797, and his jurisdiction extended over the churches in Rhode Island and New Hampshire. He died Sept. 10, 1803, in Newburyport, Mass. BASS, JOHN H., soldier, business man, financier, was born Nov. 9, 1835, in Sa- lem, Ky. During the war he served the union cause in the thirtieth regiment Indiana volunteer infantry. He es- tablished the Fort Wayne Machine works, and in 1869 extended his opera- tions by founding the St. Louis Car Wheel company, of which he was presi- dent. Since 1880 he has owned a plant for the manufacture of pig iron in north- eastern Alabama, whence that commodity IS shipped to his establishments in Fort Wayne, Chicago, and St. Louis He is the president of the old national bank of Fort Wayne; owns the Brookside farm; and nearly twenty thousand acres of val- uable mineral land in Alabama. In 1888 he was a delegate at large to the demo- cratic national convention, and was the same year nominated one of the presi- dential electors. BASS, JOSIAH LUSTER, merchant was born Feb. 20, 1853, in DeKalb county, Tenn. He established a large dry goods house in Griffin, Rome and Atlanta; and has been a prominent leader in public industrial affairs. BASS, LYMAN K., lawyer, congress- man, was born Nov. 13, 1836, in Alden, N. Y. He was elected district attorney for Erie county in 1865, for three years; and was re-elected in 1868; and served until 1872. He was renominated and was elected to the forty-third and forty-fourth con- gresses. BASS, WILLIAM C, clergyman, college president, was born Jan. 13, 1831, in Au- gusta, Ga. He entered the ministry of the methodist church in 1852, and has given his later life to the work ot edu- cation in Georgia. He became a professor in the Wesleyan Female college in 1859, and succeeded to the presidency in 1874.' BASSETT, ALLAN LEE, soldier, jour- nalist, insurance president, was born Feb. 28, 1827, near Birmingham, Conn. For twenty years he was a successful mer- chant of New York city. He served with distinction through the civil war in the twenty-third New York regiment. In 1866 he established The Northern Monthly and New Jersey Magazine, of Irvington, N. J., which subsequently became Putnam's Magazine. In 1873 he organized the Prudential Insurance com- pany, now one of the most important in- stitutions of its kind in America; and he became its first president. He died Dec. 4, 1892. in Newark, N. J. His son, Carrol Phillips Bassett, still resides in Newark, N. J. BASSETT, ARTHUR, merchant, was born Jan. 17, 1851, in Fairfield, Mich. In 1882 he was elected great commander of the Order of the Knights of the Macca- bees, at Port Huron, Mich., where he is- a wholesale druggist and successful man of affairs. BASSETT, BURWELL, congressman, was born in New Kent county, Va. He was a representative in congress from that state in 1805-13, from 1815 to 1819 and from 1821 to 1831. BASSETT, CARROLL PHILLIPS, civil engineer, author, was born Feb. 27, 1862, in Brooklyn, N. .Y. He was president of the New Jersey Sanitary association from 1892-93; is chief engineer ot the Com- monwealth Water company; and has de- signed and constructed the waterworks, the sewerage, and sewage purification works of many towns in New Jersey. New- York, Pennsylvania and Delaware. He is the author of The Conservation of Streams, and Inland Sewage Disposal. BASSETT, HOMER FRANKLIN, li- brarian, was born Sept. 2, 1826, in Flori- da, Mass. In 1872 he was appointed li- brarian of the Silas Bronsou library, of Waterbury, Conn. BASSETT, J. ANTHONY, educator, was born Dec. 25, 1850, in Denmark, N. Y. He received a thorough education in the Low- ville academy and the Rochester univer- sity. For twelve years he was in charge of the departments of science and mathe- matics in the old Gouverneur Wesleyan seminary; and in 1887 assumed the prin- cipalship of the Richfield Springs Union schools. BASSETT, JAMES, clergyman, author, was born Jan. 31, 1834, in Canada. This eminent clergyman has filled various pas- torates in Pennsylvania and New York. He is the author of a number of works, and has contributed extensively to church literature. BASSETT, RICHARD, jurist. United States senator, governor, was born in Delaware. He was a member from Dela- ware of the convention which formed the constitution, and signed that instrument; and was a senator in congress from 1789 to 1793. He was a presidential elector in 1797, and was the first man who cast his vote for locating the seat of government on the Potomac. He was chief justice of the federal supreme court, and governor of Delaware from 1798 to 1801. He died in September, 1815, in Delaware. BASSETT, SPENCER JOHN, educator, author, was born Sept. 10, 1867, in Tar- borough, N. C. He is a successful edu- cator and the author of the following works: The Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina; Slavery and Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina; The Reg- ulators of North Carolina; Suffrage in North Carolina; and Anti-Slavery Lead- ers in North Carolina. BASTIN, EDSON SEWELL, educator, author, was born in Wisconsin. In 1893 he was elected to the chair of materia raedica and botany in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He is the author of Lectures on Botany and Materia Medi- ca; Elements of Botany; The College Bot- any; and Vegetable History. BATCHELDER, JOHN PUTNAM, edu- cator, physician, surgeon, author, was born Aug. 6, 1784, in Wilton, N. H. He was a successful surgeon, and performed many operations of great importance, and requiring extraordinary skill and daring. He was president of the Academy of Medi- cine, and of the New York Medical as- sociation in 1858. He published Thoughts on the Connection of Life, Mind, and Matter, and other works. He died April 8. 1868, in New York citv. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHV. 89 BATCHELDER, SAMUEL, manufactur- er, inventor, author, was born June 8, 1784, in Jaffrey, N. H. In 1808 he began the manufacture of cotton at New Ips- wich. Among his inventions, that of the dynamometer, for ascertaining the power for driung machinery, first used in the York mills in 1837, is perhaps the great- est. He is the author of History of the Cotton Manufacture in the United States. He died Feb. 5, 1879, in Cambridge, Mass. BATCHELLER, GEORGE S., soldier, statesman, was born July 25, 1836, in Batchellerville, N. Y. He reorganized the militia of New York and served as in- spector-general from 1865 to 1869. He was appointed to represent the United States at the international tribunal of Egypt, and in 1883 was elected president of that body. In 1889 he was appointed consul-general to Egypt by President Harrison. BATCHELOR, GEORGE, clergyman, author. He was born in 1836 in Connecti- cut. He is a unitarian clergyman, and the author of Social Equilibrium and Oth- er Problems, Ethical and Religious. BATE, HENRY C, soldier, was born July 28, 1839, in Bledsoe's Lick, Tenn. He served in the civil war as a confederate, and attained the rank of major. BATE, WILLIAM B., soldier, lawyer, governor. United States senator, was born Oct. 17, 1826, in Castalian Springs, Tenn. He received an academic education; served as a private throughout the Mexi- can war in Louisiana and Tennessee regi- ments; and a year after returning from the Mexican war was elected to the Ten- nessee legislature. In 1854 he was elected attorney-general for the Nashville district for six years; was a presidential elector in 1860; was private, captain, colonel, brigadier-general, and major-general in the confederate service, surrendering with the army of Tennessee in 1865; and was three times dangerously wounded. Aft- ^ er the close of the war he returned to Tennessee and resumed the practice of law; was a delegate to the democratic national convention in 1868; served on the national democratic executive com- mittee for Tennessee twelve years; was an elector for the state-at-large on the Tilden and Hendricks ticket in 1876; in 1882 was elected governor of Tennessee, and re-elected in 1884 without opposition. He was elected to the United States sen- ate in 1887, and in 1893-99. BATEMAN, EPHRAIM, physician, state senator, congressman, was born in Cedar- ville, N, J. He was well educated, and adopted the profession of medicine. He was a representative in congress from 1815 to 1823; and a senator in congress from 1826 to 1829. He died Jan. 29, 1829, in Cedarville, N, J. BATEMAN, ISABEL, actress, was born Dec. 28, 1854, near Cincinnati, Ohio. Her family moved to England in 1863. Two years later she made her debut in a child's character in London. For six years after 1872 she played the leading characters with Henry Irving. Most of her acting has been done in the theaters of London. BATEMAN, KATE J., actress, was born Oct. 7, 1842, in Baltimore, Md. Her father became the manager of the Ly- ceum theater in London. She was intro- duced to the London public by P. T. Barnum in conjunction with her young sister, as the Bateman Children. Her married name was Crowe. Her best char- acter was that of Leah in a play of that name. BATEMAN, NEWTON, educator, col- lege president, was born July 27, 1822, in Fairfield, N. J. He came to Illinois in 1833, and graduated from Illinois college in 1843. He assisted in organizing the State Teachers' association of Illinois in 1854. In 1858 he founded the Illinois Teacher, and was its first editor. He became state superintendent of public in- struction of Illinois in 1859, and to this office he was re-elected four times. In 1860 he issued the first of the series of reports, which are recognized as classic authority concerning Illinois pedagogic law. In 1874 he was chosen president of Knox college. He died Oct. 21, 1897, in Galesburg, 111. BATES, ARLO, educator, author, was born Dec. 16, 1850, in East Machias, Maine. He is professor of English liter- ature in Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology. He is the author of Talks on Writing English; The Pagans; Patty's Perversities; A Wheel of Fire; In the Bundle of Time; A Lad's Love; The Phil- istines; A Book o' Nine Tales. His verse includes Berries of the Brier; Sonnets in Shadow; A Poet and his Self; Told in the Gate; and The Torch-Bearers. BATES, BENJAMIN E., philanthro- pist. Bates college, of Lewiston, Maine, was controlled by the free baptists; founded in 1863, and named after Ben- jamin E. Bates, of Boston, who contrib- uted $200,000 to its endowment fund. BATES, CHARLOTTE FISKE, author, poet, was born Nov. 30, 1838, in New York city. She has published a volume of her collected verses, entitled Risk, and Other Poems. She has edited the Long- fellow Birthday Book and The Seven Voices of Sympathy, compilations of Longfellow's prose and poetry, and the Cambridge Book of Poetry and Song, a volume of poetical selections from Eng- lish and American authors. She has also written some prose, which has not yet been published in a collected form. Miss Bates assisted Longfellow in compiling his Poems of Places, making ten trans- lations expressly for the work. BATES, MRS. CLARA [DOTY], author, was born in 1838 in Ann Arbor, Mich. She is a writer of juvenile tales and the author of Classics of Babyland Versified; Child Lore; On the Way to Wonderland; and Heart's Content. She died in 1895. BATES, CYRUS S., an eminent cler- gyman of the episcopal church, was born Dec. 31, 1840, in Chester, Ohio. He was among the first to volun- teer in the northern army in 1861, and was distinguished for his bravery. He was severely wounded at the battle of Chickamauga. In 1865 he graduated from the Cincinnati Law school, and later from the Theological seminary at Gam- bier. Ohio. During six years he was professor of divinity in this seminary, and professor of philosophy in Kenyon college. For the last twelve years of his life he was rector of St. Paul's, Cleve- land. He w-as a vigorous thinker and a speaker of great power, indefatigable in labor, and prominent in maaiy lines of philanthropic work. He died April 19, 1896, in Cleveland, Ohio. BATES. DAVID, author, was born about 1810 in Philadelphia, Pa. He was the author of the well-known poem Speak Gently, about which, shortly after its publication, there was a notable con- tioversy and counterclaims as to its au- thorship. Childhood is another of his best known pieces. A complete edition of his poems was edited by his son. He died Nov. 25. 1870, in Philadelphia, Pa. BATES, DEWEY, painter, was born in 1851 in Philadelphia, At an early age he went abroad to study art, first entering the schools of the royal academy of Ant- werp, and subsequently spending several years as a student in the Ecole des beaux; arts in Paris and as a pupil of Gerome^ BATES, EDWARD, lawyer, jurist, leg- islator, congressman, was born Sept. 4, 1793, in Belmont, Va. He was elected a representativ e in congress from Missouri, serving from 1827 to 1829; and in 1830- was elected to the state senate. In 1834 he was again elected to the lower house of the legislature; in 1850 was appointed secretary of war, but declined the office; and in 1853 he was elected judge of the St. Louis land court, which office he re- signed in 1856. In 1861 he was appointed attorney-general in President Lincoln's cabinet. He died March 25, 1869. in St. Louis, Mo. BATES, FREDERICK, jurist, governor, was born June 23, 1777, in Belmont. Va. He was appointed by President Jefferson in 1805 the first United States judge for the territory of Michigan, and having subsequently become a citizen of Missouri was elected governor of Missouri, serv- ing from 1824 until his death, Aug. 21, 1825. BATES, MRS. HARRIET LEONORA [VOSE], author, was born in 1856. She was the author of A Woodland Wooing; Old Salem; and Prince Vance. She died, in 1886. BATES, ISAAC C, state senator, con- gressman, was born May 14, 1780, in Granville, Mass. He graduated at Yale college in 1802, and studied law and at- tained a high position as an advocate. He was frequently in the state legislature and a member of the executive council; was a representative in congress from 1827 to 1833; and was a senator in con- gress from 1841 to 1845. He died March 16, 1845, in Washington, D. C. BATES, J. WOODSON, jurist. He was an early emigrant to the southwest, and while residing at the post of Arkansas was appointed a United States judge for that territory. BATES, JAMES, physician, congress- man. He was a representative in con- gress from Somerset countv, Maine, from. 1831 to 1833. BATES, JAMES W., congressman, was born in Goochland county, Va. He was a delegate to congress from the territory of Arkansas from 1820 to 1823. BATES, JOHN LEWIS, lawyer, legis- lator, was born Sept. 18, 1859, in Easton. Mass. He received his education at the Boston Latin school and the college and law departments of the Boston univer- sity. He has attained success as one of the foremost lawyers of New England, and is the senior member of the law firm of Bates and Bradish, of Boston, Mass. In 1891-92 he was a member of the Bos- ton common council; in 1894-97 served with distinction as a member of the Mas- sachusetts house of representatives, and was speaker of the house in 1897, BATES, JOSEPH CLEMENT, lawyer, author, was born in July, 1836, in Rich- mond. Maine. He is a successful lawyer of San Francisco, Cal. He has published a work, Forms and Use of Blanks, and a paper entitled Horace Howes's Will Case. BATES, JOSHU.\. educator, college president, was born March 20, 1776, ia Cohasset, Mass. In 1818 he accepted the presidency of Middlebury college, Vt., which position he filled for twenty years. He died Jan. 14, 1854, in Dudley, Mass. 90 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA CF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BATES, KATHARINE LEE, educator, author, poet, was born Aug. 12, 1859, in Falmouth, Mass. She received her de- degrees of B.A. and M.A. from the Welles- ley college, in which institution she has been instructor of English literature for many years. She is the author of the Student's Series of English Classics, nu- merous stories, and two volumes of poems. BATES, LAURENCE WEBSTER, edu- cator, was born Nov. 10, 1819, in Burling- ton county, N. J. He received his educa- tion in the Medtord Quaker school of his native county. For several years he was the editor of a prominent church paper, and has con- tributed extensively to current litera- ture. He was pres- ident of the Mary- land conference in 1860-61; president of the general con- ference in 1874; president of the gen- eral church convention in 1877; and he has filled numerous high positions in the methodist episcopal church. Dur- ing 1893-96 he was professor in the West- minster Theological seminary. He was chairman of the committee to compile a new hymn book; and is first president of the Christian Endeavor union of the methodist protestant church. BATES, MRS. MARGARET HOLMES, author, poet, was born Oct. 6, 1844, in Fremont, Ohio. She is the author of two novels entitled Manitou, and The Cham- ber Over the Gate, and her poems have appeared in several standard collections. BATES, MARTIN, lawyer, legislator, United States senator, was born Feb. 24, 1787, in Salisbury, Conn. He was edu- cated for a physician, and taught school for a time, but afterward studied law and removed to Delaware, where he practiced in Dover. He served several terms in the legislature, and was a member of the state constitutional convention of 1850. After the death of John M. Clayton he was chosen to the United States senate .as a democrat, and served from 1858-59. He died Jan. 1, 1869, in Dover. Del. BATES, SAMUEL PENNIMAN, educa- tor, historian, poet, was born Jan. 29, 1827, in Mendon, Mass. In 1851 he graduat- ed from the Brown university, and the following five years he was engaged in teaching the ancient languages in Mead- ville. Pa., which city has since been his home. In 1857 he was elected superin- tendent of public schools of Crawford count}'; received the re-election in 1860, but resigned to accept the ofiRce of deputy state superintendent of education, which position he held for six years. In 1866 he was appointed state historian, and the result of his seven years' work was published in five volumes entitled His- tory of Pennsylvania Volunteers. He next wrote the Lives of the Governors of Pennsylvania, which was followed by the following works: Martial Deeds of Pennsylvania; The History of the Battle of Gettysburg; The History of the Bat- tle of Chancellorsville; and a Condensed JHistory of Pennsylvania. BATES, WILLIAM W., journalist, ship- builder, was born in 1827. in Calais. Maine. From 1854-59 he helped to con- duct The Nautical Magazine and Naval Journal; in 1875 he took part in a coun- cil of shipbuilders to improve their rules; in 1881 he built a large dry dock at Port- land, Maine; and in 1889 was elected com- missioner of navigation. He is now en- gaged on an elaborate work entitled The Shipping Question Investigation, BATESON, JOHN C, physician, lectur- er, was born July 25, 1854, in Iowa. He graduated from the University of New York, and has attained eminence as a gi'eat physician and surgeon. He was the founder of the organization known as the United Christians; and has lectured extensively on Christian union hygiene. He has been health officer of Scranton, Pa., where he has filled many public posi- tions of trust. BATTELLE, GORDON, clergyman, was born Nov. 14, 1814, in Newport, Ohio. His influence in western Virginia was very great, and at the beginning of the civil war in 1861 he was appointed an ofilcial visitor to the military camps. The needs of the time demanding attention to the political situation, he became a member of the convention that met Nov. 24, 1861, and framed the constitution of the new state of West Virginia. To him, more largely probably than to any other man, was due the abolition of slavery in that region. He died Jan. 7, 1862. BATTELS, S. M. E., philanthropist, was born Nov. 17, 1839, in Hudson, Ohio. She was a prominent worker member of the first Ohio Soldiers' Aid society; and was for three years president of the Wo- man's Relief corps of Ohio. She has done inspective work through the state, solic- iting, purchasing and distributing sani- tary and hospital supplies to the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' home. BATTEN, JOHN M., physician, was born April 19, 1837, in East Brandywine, Pa. He graduated from the medical col- lege department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1864, and prior to graduating was a medical cadet in the army hospital at Philadelphia. In 1864 he was appointed acting assistant sur- geon in the United States navy, and served at different times on the United States steamers Princeton and Valley City. BATTERMAN, HENRY, merchant, banker, was born Nov. 5, 1849, in Brook- lyn, N. Y. He employs 500 clerks, and conducts the most important trade in the eastern district of Brooklyn. He is pres- ident of The Broadway bank of Brooklyn. BATTERSHALL. JESSE PARK, chem- ist, author, was born May 26, 1851, in Troy, N. Y. In 1879 he entered the gov- ernment service, and since that time he has had charge of the analytical depart- ment of the United States laboratory at New York. He has contributed papers to chemical journals, and is the transla- tor of Naquet's Legal Chemistry, and the author of Adulteration of Food and Drink. PATTERSON, HERMON GRISWOLD, D. D., priest, poet, was born May 28, 1827, in Litchfield county. Conn. He has been rector of the St. Clement's church, and the Church of the Enunciation, of Phila- delphia, Pa. He is the author of the fol- lowing works: The Missionary Tune Book; The Manual of Plain Song; Sketcn of the American Episcopate; Christmas Carols; The Pathway of Faith; Vestal Bells and Other Verses; Daily Rule for Busy People; Remember Your Dead: and other works. BATTERSON, JAMES GOODWIN, in- surance president, was born Feb. 23, 1823, in Bloomfield, Conn. He owns and oper- ates extensive granite quarries at West- erly, R. I., and Concord, N. H. He has been the moving and controlling force in the management of the Travelers In- Furance company since its inception in 1863. BATTEY, ROBERT, physician, sur- geon, author, was born Nov. 26, 1828, in Augusta, Ga. He has been successful in the execution of a number of difficult sur- gical operations on the urinary organs of both sexes. Of the methods used, sev- eral were original with himself. From 1873 to 1875 he was professor of obstet- rics in the Atlanta Medical college, and from 1873 to 1876 he edited the Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal. He is a member of the Georgia Medical associa- tion, and was its president in 1876. He has written numerous papers and reports of cases, which have been contributed to the medical press both in America and England. BATTEY, SUMTER BEAUREGARD, physician, surgeon, was born near Louis- ville, Ga. In 1885 he began the practice of medicine in New York city; made a specialty of surgery; and has done unique work in that field. BATTLE. ARCHIBALD J., clergyman, college president, author, was born Sept. 10, 1826, in Powelton, Ga. He was pres- ident of Mercer university from 1871 to 1879, and in 1879 was pastor for an in- terim of the First Baptist church of Ma- con. He is the author of a volume en- titled Human Will. BATTLE, BURRILL B., jurist, was born July 24, 1S38, in Hinds county, Miss. In 1S85 he was elected to fill a vacancy upon the supreme bench of the state, and in 1886 was re-elected to the same posi- tion for the full term of eight years. He was elected associate justice of the su- preme court of Arkansas in 1894. BATTLE, KEMP PLUMMER, lawyer, educator, college president, was born Dec. 19, 1831, in Franklin county, N. C. He is the son of the late Judge William Horn Battle. He graduated from the Univer- sity of North Carolina, of which institu- tion he has been president, and now fills the chair of history. He has been state treasurer of North Carolina, and has filled various positions of trust in his county and state. BATTLE, WILLIAM HORN, lawyer, jurist, author, was born Oct. 17, 1862. in Edgecombe county, N. C. He graduated from the University of North Carolina; -»^ and was reporter of the supreme court decisions. In 1839 :-it op he was a delegate to I the convention that ~"^' nominated William Henry Harrison for the presidency of the United States. Dur- ing 1840-52 he was judge of the superior • court of North Caro- lina, and during 1852-68 was judge of the supreme court. North Carolina. He was the author of several valuable works on the common and statute laws of his state. He died March 14, 1879, in Chapel Hill, N. C. BATTLES, W. S., physician, was born May 12, 1827; attained eminence as a physician in Shreve, Ohio. He contrib- uted extensively to literature, and his poems can be found in various standard works. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 91 BAUDER, EZRA, educator, was born April 7, 1824. in Indian Castle. N. Y. In 1879 he established a boarding and day school known as Brentsville seminary; and has been engaged in the profession of teaching in Virginia for many years. BAUDER, LEVI F., lawyer, poet, was born Jan. 28, 1840, in Cleveland, Ohio. He is a learned lawyer and has served as a justice of the peace in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1880 he published a volume of poems entitled Passing Fancies. BAUGH, DANIEL, manufacturer, was born Oct. 22, 1836, in Chester county. Pa. His business has been incorporated as The Baugh and Sons Co., capital $1,000,000, Daniel Baugh becoming its president. He is president of the Girard National bank of Philadelphia, Pa. BAUGHER. HENRY L., educator, au- thor, was born about 1805 in Abbottstown, Pa. He was licensed to preach by the Maryland Lutheran synod; was chosen pastor at Boonesboro, Md., in 1829, and took charge of a classical school in Gettysburg in 1830. The school expanded into a college in 1832. and Mr. Baugher became professor of the Greek language and belles lettres; was elected to the pres- idency of the college in 1850, and contin- ued in that office until his death. He died April, 1886, in Gettysburg, Pa. BAUGHER. HENRY LOUIS, educator, clergyman, journalist, author, was born Aug. 6, 1840, in Gettysburg, Pa. For twenty-four years he was professor of Greek in the Pennsylvania college; and has also filled the same chair in the How- ard university of Washington, D. C. He has filled pastorates in Morristown, Pa.; Indianapolis, Ind., and Omaha, Neb. He is now the editor of the Augsburg Sun- day-School Teacher, and The Lutheran "World; and is the author of Annotations on the Gospel According to St. Luke. BAUMBACH, MORITZ WILHELM HERMAN VON. diplomat, banker, was born Jan. 13, 1834, in Prussia. He has been the imperial and royal consul of Austro-Hungary; consul of Saxony; and imperial German \ ice-consul. He is now the president of the German Exchange bank of Milwaukee, Wis. BAUMGARDT, BERNHARD RICHARD, astronomist. was born May 19. 1862, in Liverpool, England. He was educated in Sweden, and after graduating spent five years in traveling around the world. From a love of mathematics he took up astron- omy, and devotes much of his time to that science in his private observatory in Los Angeles, Cal. He gives public lectures on astronomy, mathematics and philosophy, and has attained a national reputation. In 1891-93 he was secretary of the Oregon Academy of Sciences; and since 1894 has been secretary of the South- ern California Academy of Sciences, in which institution he is also chairman of the astronomical section. He is also a suc- cessful business man, and is interested in many public enterprises. BAUVAIS, A., governor. He was acting governor of Louisiana in 1830. BAWDEN, JOHN, manufacturer, bank- er, was born April 10, 1827, in Cornwall, England. He began business for himself in Freehold, N. J., but in 1858 he formed a co-partnership with Gilbert Combs. He is president of the board of health and director of the Central National bank of Freehold. BAXLEY. ISAAC RIEMAN. poet, was born in 1850 in Baltimore. Md. He has traveled a great deal, but since 1878 has made his home in California. His pub- lished books are The Temple of Alanthur, with Other Poems; The Prophet and Oth- er Poems; Songs of the Spirit; and Be- yond the Bank of Mist. BAXTER, DELOS W., was born July 29, 1857, in Rochelle, 111. Since 1881 he has practiced law in Rochelle, 111. In 1884 he was elected state's attorney of Ogle county and held the office for twelve years — until his election as Illinois state senator in 1896. He also has been mayor of Rochelle. BAXTER, ELISHA, governor, was born Sept. 1, 1827, in Rutherford county, N. C. He was governor of Arkansas during a part of the years 1874-75. BAXTER, FELIX JOSEPHUS, lawyer, state senator, was born Aug. 10, 1830, in Sutton, W. Va. He has served with distinc- tion as a member of the West Virginia state senate. BAXTER, GEORGE A., educator, col- lege president, author, was born July 22, 1771, in Rockingham county, Va. In 1829 he became president of Washington col- lege; in 1832 he was inaugurated pro- fessor of theology in the Union Theologi- cal seminary; and in 1835 was chosen president of the Hampden Sidney college. He is the author of Abolition of Slavery; Parity; and the Scriptural Order of Chris- tian Ministry. He died April 14, 1841. BAXTER, HENRY, soldier, diplomatist, was born Sept. 8, 1821, in Sidney Plaine, N. Y. During the civil war he was made lieutenant-colonel of the seventh Michigan infantry, and in 1866 was appointed min- ister resident to Honduras. BAXTER, HORACE HENRY, railroad builder, was born Jan. 18, 1818, in Sax- tons' River, Vt. He built the Cleveland, Norwalk and Toledo railroad. At the out- break of the civil war he attended the peace congress as a delegate from Ver- mont, and when that meeting failed of its object he became adjutant-general of Vermont. He died Feb. 17, 1884, in New York city. BAXTER. JAMES PHINNEY, artist, au- thor and philanthropist, was born in 1831 in Maine. He is well known as the Poet of Maine; and is the author of more than a dozen popular works. He is the hon- ored president of the Maine Historical so- ciety. He built and presented to the city of Portland its magnificent public library building, the most beautiful structure in the city. He has served as mayor of Port- land, and has been foremost in the de- velopment of that city and its institu- tions. His principal works are George Cleves of Casco Bay, 1630-67; Sir Ferdi- nando Gorges and His Province of Maine; and Idyls of the Year, a collection of verse. BAXTER. JOHN, lawyer, legislator, congressman, was born March 5, 1819, in Rutherford county, N. C. In 1842 he was elected a representative in the state leg- islature; was a presidential elector in 1844 and 1848; was again in the legislature in 1846, and from 1852 to 1857, serving as speaker of the house in 1852. In 1857 he removed to Knoxville, Tenn.; in 1870 was a member of the state constitutional convention; and in 1877 was appointed United States circuit judge for the sixth judicial circuit. He died April 10, 1886, in Hot Springs, Ark. BAXTER, KATHARINE SCHUYLER, author, was born Feb. 22, 1845. in Oswego, N. Y. She is a great-granddaughter of Major-General Philip Schuyler, of the revolutionary army; a member of the Daughters of the Cincinnati, Colonial Dames of America, and the American Authors' guild. She is the author of In Bamboo Lands; A God-Child of Washing- ton; and other works. BAXTER, LYDIA, hymn-writer, poet, was born Sept. 2, 1809, in Petersburg. N. Y. She is the author of Gems by the Wayside, a collection of poems, and the hymn. The Gates Ajar. She died Jan. 23, 1874, in New York city. BAXTER, PORTUS, merchant, legisla- tor, congressman, was born in Brown- ington, Vt. He was elected a represent- ative from Vermont to the thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth congresses; v.as also a delegate to the PhiladelphiH Loyalists' convention of 1866. He died March 4, 1868, in Washington, D. C. BAXTER, SYLVESTER, journalist, au- thor, was born in 1850 in Massachusetts. He is a journalist of Boston, prominent in exploiting the Metropolitan park sys- tem, and is the author of The Cruise of a Land Yacht, a Boy's Book of Mexican Travel. BAXTER, WILLIAM, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1823, in England. He is a clergyman of Cincinnati, whose War Lyrics as originally published in Har- per's Weekly were once widely popular. He is the author of The Loyal West in the Times of the Rebellion; Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, or Scenes and Inci- dents of the War in Arkansas. BAXTER, WILLIAM M., lawyer, was born Aug. 30, 1850, in Alexander, S. C. He is a prominent lawyer of Knoxville, Tenn., and in 1882 became general soli- citor of the legal department of the East Tennessee. Virginia and Georgia Railroad company. BAY, WILLIAM V. N., congressman, was born in New York. Having become a citizen of Missouri he was elected a rep- resentative in congress from that state from 1849 to 1851. BAYARD, JAMES ASHETON. United States senator, was born July 28. 1767. in Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated at Princeton college in 1784; after studying law at Philadelphia, commenced the prac- tice in Delaware. In 1796 he was elected a representative in congress from Dela- ware, serving from 1797 to 1801, when he was appointed minister to France. In 1804 he was elect- ed to the United States senate, of which body he continued a member until appointed, in 1813, a com- missioner to negotiate a peace with Great Britain. He died Aug. 6, 1815, in Wil- mington. Del. BAYARD, JAMES A., lawyer, con- gressman. United States senator, was born Nov. 15, 1799, in Wilmington, Del. He was the son of the United States sen- ator bearing the same name, and a brother of Richard H. Bayard. He was a senator in con- gress from Delaware during 1851-54; and in 1863 he was elect- ed for the third term, but resigned in January, 1864. In 1867 he was ap- pointed to a seat in the senate to fill a vacancy, and subsequently received the election to that office. He was a dele- gate to the New York convention of 1868. He died June 13. 1880, in Wilmington. Del. 92 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OP AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BAYARD, JOHN, congressman. He was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the con- tinental congress from 1785 to 1787. BAYARD, RICHARD H., lawyer, United States senator, was born in 1796 in Wilmington, Del. He was a senator in congress from Delaware from 1836 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1845; and was appointed charge d'affaires to Bel- gium in 1850. He died March 4, 1868, in Philadelphia, Pa. • BAYARD, SAMUEL, lawyer. Jurist, au- thor, was born Jan. 11, 1767, in Philadel- phia. Pa. He was one of the founders of the New York Historical society, organ- ized in 1804. In 1806 he purchased an estate at Princeton, N. J. For several years he was a member of the New Jersey legislature, and for a long period presid- ing judge of the court of common pleas of Somerset county. He was one of the founders of Princeton Theological semi- nary, and joined with Elias Boudinot in establishing the American Bible society and the New Jersey Bible society. He was the author of several law compilations. He died May 12, 1840, in Princeton, N. J. BAYARD, SAMUEL, president of the Evansville National bank, was born in Vincennes, Ind. In the early part of the year 1873 he aided in organizing the Ger- man National bank of Evansville, of which he is at present a director and one of the largest stockholders. BAYARD, THOMAS FRANCIS, states- man, was born Oct. 29, 1828, in Wilming- ton, Del. He was chiefly educated at the Flushing school. His early training was for a mercantile life; studied and adopted the profession of the law; and came to the bar in 1851, and has always practiced in his native city. In 1853 he was appointed United States district at- torney for Delaware, but resigned in 18a4. He was elected a senator in congress from that state in 1869. On the same day of his election his father, James A. Bayard, was also re- elected to the senate from the same state —the only instance of the kind which ever occurred. He was re-elected in 1875, and again in 1881. In 1885 he was ap- pointed secretary of state in the cabinet of President Cleveland, and resigned his seat in the senate. He died Sept. 28, 1898, In Dedham, Mass. BAYARD, WILLIAM, public official. was born Jan. 1, 1729, in New York. He was a delegate from New York to the colonial congress, held in New York citv in 1765. He died in 1804 in Southampton, England. BAYARD, WILLIAM, merchant, was born about 1764 in New York. He was a large ship owner; traded with all the world; was for many years director of the Bank of America; and in 1810-27 was president of the Chamber of Commerce He died Sept. 3, 1850, in New York city. BAYLES. GEORGE, physician, was born Aug. 7, 1836, in New Y'ork city. He graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and from the medical de- partment in the Columbia university In 1859. He has held many important posi- tions, and is president of the board of education of Orange, N. J. BAYLES, JAMES C, soldier, lecturer, journalist, author, was born July 3, 1845, in New York city. In 1870 he became editor of the Iron Age; and in 1874 estab- lished The Metal Worker. He has deliv- ered lectures on sanitary topics in New York, and in all of the prominent cities of the Union, and is the author of the first standard American work on the Mechanics of Hygiene, House Drainage and Water Service. In 1883 he was elected president of the New Jersey State Sanitary association, and was appointed a commissioner to devise a system of sewers and sanitary improvements for the city of Trenton. BAY'LEY. JAMES ROOSEVELT, cler- gyman, author, was born Aug. 23, 1814, in New York city. He was a clergyman who entered the Roman catholic church from the episcopal and became arch- bishop of Baltimore. He was the author of History of the Catholic Church of New York; Memoirs of Brute, First Bishop of Vincennes; and Pastorals for the People. He died Oct. 3. 1877. in Newark. N. J. BAYLEY, RICHARD, educator, physi- cian, author, was born in 1745 in Fairfield, Conn. The causes of yellow fever were very carefully studied by him, and in 1797 he published a work in which he con- tended that its origin was due entirely to local causes, and therefore that it was not contagious. He died Aug. 17, 1801, on Staten Island, N. Y. BAYLEY, THOMAS, congressman, was born in Somerset county, Md. He was a representative in congress from Maryland from 1817 to 1823. BAYLEY. THOMAS M., legislator, con- gressman, was born in 1775 in Virginia. He entered public life in 1798; continued therein until 1830; and served in both branches of the state legislature. He was a representative in congress from Vir- ginia from 1813 to 1815. He died in 1834 in Accomac county. BAYLEY, WILLIAM G.. civil engineer, railroad manager, was born Sept. 2, 1865, in HoUidaysburg, Pa. Since 1884 he has been in the railway service; during 1890- 94 as engineer maintenance of way; and since 1894 as division superintendent of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railway. BAYLIES, FRANCIS, lawyer, congress- man, author, was born Oct. 16, 1783, in Taunton, Mass. He was register of pro- bate in Bristol county, Mass., from 1812 to 1S20; was a representative in congress from Massachusetts from 1821 to 1827; and was a member of the state legislature from 1827 to 1832, and in 1835. In 1832 he was appointed charge d'affaires to Buenos Ayres. He was the author of A History of the Plymouth Colony. He died Oct. 28, 1852, in Taunton, Mass. BAYLIES, NICHOLAS, jurist, author, was born in 1772 in Uxbridge, Mass. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1794; studied law, and practiced in Woodstock and Montpelier. From 1831 to 1834 he was a judge of the supreme court of Ver- mont. He published a Digested Index to the Modern Reports of the Courts of Com- mon Law in England and the United States, in three volumes; and an Essay on Free Agency. He died Aug. 17, 1847, in Lyndon, Vt. BAYLIES, WILLIAM, legislator, con- gressman, was born Dec. 5, 1743, in Ux- bridge, Mass. He graduated at Harvard college in 1760. He was a member of the provincial congress in 1775; often a mem- ber of the Massachusetts state council; served many years in the state legisla- ture; and was a presidential elector in 1801. He was a representative in con- gress from Massachusetts from 1805 to 1809. He died Jan. 17, 1826, in Dighton. Mass. BAYLIES, WILLIAM, lawyer, con- gressman, was born Sept. 15, 1776, in Dighton, Mass. He was a representative in congress from Massachusetts from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1833 to 1835. He served in the state legislature in 1830 and 1831. He died Sept. 27, 1865, in Taun- ton, Mass. BAYLOR, FRANCES COURTENAY, author, was born Jan. 20, 1848, in Fay- etteville. Ark. Her writings have been principally for periodicals, in which two of her short stories— The Perfect Treas- ure and On This Side— attracted wide at- tention, and were published in book form as one narrative. On Both Sides. Her other works are: Juan and Juanita; and Behind the Blue Ridge. BAYLOR, GEORGE, soldier, was born Jan. 12, 1752, in Newmarket, Va. He served continuously throughout the revo- lutionary war. He participated in the surprise of the Hessians at Trenton; car- ried the news of the victory to congress, and was presented by that body with a horse, and advanced to the rank of colonel in the dragoons in 1777. He died in March, 1784. in Bridgetown, W. I. BAYLOR, ROBERT EMMETT BLED- SOE, clergyman, lawyer, jurist, legislat- or, congressman, was born May 10, 1793. in Lincoln county, Ky. He served in the war of 1812. He was elected to the Ala- bama state legislature in 1824, and in 1829 was sent as a representative from Alabama to the twenty-first congress. Subsequent to his career in congress he emigrated to the republic of Texas, where he was immediately elected a judge of the district and of the supreme court, and held the office for twenty-five years. Baylor university was named as an honor warranted by the gifts of land and mone.v made by Judge Baylor. One of the coun- ties of Texas was also named for him. He died Jan. 6, 1874, in Gay Hill, Tex. BAYLY, THOMAS HENRY, soldier, legislator, jurist, was born in 1810 in Ac- comac county. Va. While a member of the Virginia legislature he was elected by that body a brigadier-general of the militia of eastern Virginia; and subse- quently was elected judge of the circuit superior court of law. In 1844 he was. elected to the national house of repre- sentatives from the Accomac district, and continued, by successive elections, a mem- ber of the house for twelve years. He died June 22, 1856. BAYNE, THOMAS M., soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born June 14, 1836, in Allegheny, Pa. He took part in the bat- tles of Fredericksburg and Chancellors- ville. He was district attorney for Alle- gheny county in 1870; and was elected to the forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, and fifty-fii'st congresses. He died in Alle- gheny, Pa. BEACH, ABEL, lawyer, poet, was born Feb. 7, 1829. in Groton, N. Y. In 1849 he graduated from the Union college of Schenectady, N. Y He then taught school in Ithaca and Westfield acad- emies, N. Y.; and was a professor in tlif State university It Iowa. He next • ntered into the I ractice of law; and Ikis attained promi- nince as a successful pension attorney of Iowa City, Iowa. He has served as deputy auditor of Iowa, and has held various public positions of trust in his town, county and state. He was one of the principal founders of the Theta-Delta-Chi fraternity, and is a prominent member of various societies. For many years past he has given fre- quent contributions of poetry to the press, and is the author of Western Airs from the Prairies of Iowa; and several poetie brochures. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA CF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 93 BEACH, ALFRED E., inventor, jour- nalist, was born in 1826 in Springfield, Mass. He received an academic educa- tion, and in 1846, with Orson D. Munn, founded the firm of Munn and Co., and they became proprietors of The Scientific American. For almost fifty years he has been active in the editorship of this news- paper and in the extensive patent business of the firm. In 1847 he invented a type- writing machine. BEACH. CHARI^ES FISK, clergyman, journalist, author, was born Sept. 5, 1827, in Hunter, N. Y. During 1851-54 he at- tended the Auburn Theological seminary, and was ordained to the ministry on Jan. 8, 1855. He at once entered active work as pastor of the presbyterian church; and for nearly twenty-two years suc- cessfully followed that vocation. During 1874-95 he was editor and publisher of The National Presbyterian and Exposi- tor; and also of the International Sun- day School Lessons. Since 1897 he has given his attention to law, with an office in Indianapolis, Ind. He is the author of Commentaries on the Law of Trust and Trustees; and other works. BEACH, CLIFTON BAILEY, lawyer, manufacturer, congressman, was born Sept. 16, 1845, in Sharon, Ohio. He re- moved to Cleveland in 1857, where he has since resided; was educated in the com- mon schools and Western Reserve college, class of 1871; was admitted to the bar in 1872, but retired from active practice in 1884, having become extensively engaged in manufacturing enterprises. He was elected to the fifty-fourth, and re-elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican. BEACH, DAVID NELSON, clergyman, author, was born in 1848 in New Jersey. He is a prominent congregational clergy- man of Cambridge, Mass., and since 1895 of Minneapolis, Minn. He is the author of The Newer Religious Thinking; How We Rose; Plain Words on Our Lord's Work; and The Intent of Jesus. BEACH. HENRY HARRIS AUBREY, physician, was born Dec. 18, 1843, in Mid- dletown, Conn. He was educated at Cam- bridge, and was graduated at Harvard Medical school in July, 1868, settling in Boston soon afterward. He is a member of many medical associations, and in 1873 was president of the Boylston Medical so- ciety. He became assistant demonstrator of anatomy in Harvard Medical school in 1868, and surgeon in the Massachusetts general hospital in 1872. He has contrib- uted many papers to medical periodicals, and was at one time assistant editor of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. BEACH, JOHN N., merchant, was born Aug. 1, 1837, in Lodi, N. Y'. He located in New York city; entered the dry-goods business; and has been a member of the present firm of Tefft. Weller and Co. since 1879. He is vice-president of the Mercantile Accident Insurance company, and president of the Dry-Goods Chronicle Publishing association. BEACH, LEWIS, lawyer, congressman, was born March 30, 1835, in New York city, N. Y'. He graduated at the Yale Law school in 1856; was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in New York city the same year. In 1861 he removed to Orange county, N. Y., and engaged in farming and the practice of law. He was also a contributor to the press; was su- pervisor of the town of Cornwall in 1869; and was treasurer of the democratic state central committee from 1877 to 1879. He was elected a representative from New York to the forty-seventh, forty- eighth, and forty-ninth congresses. He rlied Aug. 11. 1886, in Cornwall, N. Y. BEACH, MYRON WALTER, soldier, lawyer, was born Aug. 27, 1844, in La- grange, Mich. During the civil war he was a member of company I. first regi- ment Michigan sharpshooters. In 1870 he was admitted to the bar, and has at- tained success in his profession at Car- roll, Iowa. He has been county super- intendent of schools and mayor of his city; and has filled various other public positions of trust. BEACH. WILLIAM AUSTIN, lawyer, was born Aug. 22. 1842, in Baldwinsville, N. Y. He has attained success as a prom- inent lawyer; and in 1885 received the ap- pointment of collector of internal reve- nue for the twenty-first district of New York. BEADLE. JOHN HANSON, journalist, author, was born March 14, 1840, in Parke county. Ind. He was educated at the university of Michigan, ana served as a Union soldier during the civil war. He traveled extensively in America and Eu- rope, and for many years was editorial writer for the American Press associa- tion. He was the auiuor of Life in Utah; The Undeveloped West; Western Wilds; and other works. He died Jan. 15. 1897. in Rockville, Ind. BEADLE, WILLIAM HENRY HARRI- SON, soldier, legislator, educator, college president, was born Jan. 1. 1838, in Parkc- county, Ind. He graduated from the uni- versity of Michigan in 1861. He served during the civil war from first lieutenant to brevet brigadier-general United States volunteers. He was a member of the leg- islature of Dakota territory; and served as superintendent of public instruction during 18ia-85. He is the founder of the school system of the territory and state; and his most distinguished and enduring service was in securing the constitutional protection to the school lands and school funds of the state. He is the author of the provisions on education in the state constitution, and the upbuilder of the State Normal school of Madison. S. D.. of which he has been president since 1889. BEAKMAN, DANIEL FREDERICK, soldier, was born about 1760 in New Jer- sey. He was the last surviving soldier of the revolution on the pension list. In 1778 he was enrolled in the mili- tia, and then served in the war. His married life extended over eighty-five vears. and his wife reached the age of one hundred and five. In 1867 congress passed a special act giving him a pen- sion of $500 during the remainder of his lite. He died April 5, 1869, in Sandusky, N. Y. BEAL. ABRAHAM, philanthropist, was born about 1803 in Chatham. Eng- land. He became very familiar with the criminal laws of New York and other states, and in 1863 assumed the general agency of the New York Prison associa- tion. He was for many years an efficient officer of the New York Port society. He died Feb. 25, 1872, in Brooklyn, N. Y. BEAL, C. W., journalist, state senator, was born April 25, 1860, in Audrain coun- ty. Mo. In 1890 he assumed editorial con- trol of the Custer County Beacon, with which paper he is still connected. He was elected to the house of representa- tives of the legislature in 1893, and was elected to the state senate on the populist ticket in 1896. BEAL, FOSTER ELLENBOROUGH LASCELLES, naturalist, author, was born Jan. 9, 1840, in Ayer, Mass. He was graduated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1871. During 1874-75 he was assistant professor of mathemat- ics in the United States naval academy at Annapolis, Md., and from 1876 till 1882 professor of civil engineering in Iowa Agricultural college, where from 1879 till 1882 he was also acting professor of zool- ogy and comparative anatomy, and in 1883 professor of geology. His writings, principally on topics of natural history, include the articles. Birds of Iowa; Value of the Seed-Eating Birds; and similar contributions to scientific journals. BEAL, GEORGE LAFAYETTE, sol- dier, was born May 21, 1825, in Norway, Maine. He left Portland in 1861 as colonel of the tenth Maine regiment. He was appointed by the president brigadier- general of volunteers in 1864, and wao mustered out of the service in 1866. BEAL, WILLIAM JAMES, educator, botanist, author, was born March 11, 1833, in Adrian, Mich. He has taught natural history, science, botany, and horticulture in the leading agricultural colleges in America; and since 1870 has been pro- fessor of botany and forestry in the Ag- ricultural college of Michigan. He has filled numerous positions of honor; is the author of The New Botany; Grasses of North America; and has contributed extensively to current literature. BEALE, CHARLES L., lawyer, con- gressman, was born March 5, 1824, in Canaan, N. Y. In 1858 he was elected a representative to the thirty-sixth con- gress from New York; in 1864 was a presidential elector; and was a delegate to the Philadelphia national union con- vention of 1866. BEALE, CHARLES WILLING, was born in 1845 in the District of Columbia. He is a successful writer, and the author of The Ghost of Guir House. BEALE, EDWARD FITZGERALD, sol- dier, diplomatist, was born Feb. 4, 1822. in Washington, D. C. In 1875 he was ap- pointed United States minister to Aus- tria. BEALE. JAMES M. H.. congressman, was born in Virginia. He was a repre- sentative in congress from that state from 1833 to 1837, and from 1849 .o i«53. BEALE, MRS. MARIA, author, was born in 1849 in Virginia. She is a novel- ist of Arden, N. C; and the author of Jack O'Doon. BEALE, RICHARD LEE TUBER- VILLE. general, lawyer, congressman, was born May 22, 1819, in Hickory Hill, Va. He was a representative from Vir- ginia in the congress of the United States in 1847-49; and was a member of the con- vention to form a constitution for Vir- ginia in 1851. He was a member of the state senate of Virginia in 1858-60. He was in the service of the confederate states, and became a brigadier-general. He was elected to fill the vacancy in the fortv-fifth congress caused by the death of B. B. Douglas. He had previously been elected to the forty-sixth congress as a democrat. BEALL. JOHN YATES, adventurer, was born about 1833 in Virginia. He en- tered the confederate army at the out- break of the civil war, and was commis- sioned acting paymaster in the navy. He was captured by the federals; tried and found guilty of being a spy; and was exe- cuted Feb. 25, 1865. BEALL. REZIN, soldier, congressman, was born Aug. 10, 1770. in Pennsylvania. He was an officer in Wayne's army, with Harrison and Van Rensselaer; occupied various public stations in Ohio; and was a member of congress from that state from 1813 to 1814, when he resigned. He died Feb. 20, 1843. in Wooster, Ohio. 94 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AAIERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BEAMAN, FERNANDO C. lawyer, ju- rist, congressman, was born June 2S, isi4. in Chester, Vt. He was prosecuting at- torney for Lenawee county, Midi., six years; was judge of probate four years; and was presidential elector in 1856. He was elected to the thirty-seventh, thirty- eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth, and forty- first congresses as a republican. BEAN, BENNING M., state senator, congressman, was born in 1782 in New Hampshire. He occupied a seat in the state legislature for five years, and was president of the senate in 1832; was a state councilor in 1829; and a representa- tive in congress from 1833 to 1837. He died Feb. 9, 1866, in Moultonborough, N. H. BEAN, CURTIS C, lawyer, congress- man, was born Jan. 4, 1828, in Tamworth, N. H. He was appointed attorney-gen- eral for the eleventh judicial circuit of Tennessee; and was a representative in the state legislature in 1866 and 1867. In 1868 he moved to Arizona territory and settled at Prescott. He was a member of the upper house in the territorial assem- bly in 1879, and in 1884 was elected dele- gate from Arizona to the forty-ninth con- gress. BEAN, IRVING M., soldier, banker, was born April 27, 1838, in Essex county, N. Y. He attained the rank of provost marshal in the civil war. In 1863 he was elected president of the Forest City bank; and in 1867 president of the Northwest- ern Iron company. BEAN, MARY P., educator, was born about 1818. She opened a seminary for young ladies, which for twenty-four years was one of the most prominent in New York city. She died in New York city. BEAN, SAMUEL, physician, clergy- man, lecturer, was born March 24, 1842, in Canada West. For many years he was engaged in school teaching; has been a successful public lecturer and a physi- cian and clergyman of Bronson, !■ ia., where he has also been justice of the peace and a successful merchant. BEAN, WILLIAM, the first white set- tler west of the Alleghanies. He was a companion of Daniel Boone in his visit to Kentucky in 1760, and returned in 176S and settled with his family on Boone's creek, a small tributary of the Watauga. BEARD, ANDREW, inventor, was born in 1849 in Alabama. He went into mill- wrighting in Hardwicks; built his first mill there; and three years later succeed- ed in building four more. In 1889 he dis- covered the rotary engine. BEARD, DANIEL CARTER, artist, au- thor, was born June 21, 1850, in Cincin- nati, Ohio. In 1878 he removed to New York as an illustrator, and there studied art. He is the author of American Boy's Handy Book; Moonlight; Six Feet of Ro- mance; and American Boy's Book of Spirits. BEARD, FRANK, artist, author, the third son of J. H. Beard, was an artist for Harper and Brothers during the civil war. He devotes himself particularly to character sketches, in the production of which he has attained remarkable facil- ity. He lectures on various topics, ac- companying himself with crayon sketches on the blackboard. He was for a time professor of the fine arts in Syracuse university. He has published The Black- board and the Sunday School. BEARD, GEORGE MILLER, physician, author, was born May 8, 1839, in Mont- ville. Conn. He was a New York physi- cian, and the author of American Nervous Diseases; Causes and Consequences; The Scientific Basis of Delusions; Clinical Researches in Electro-Surgery; Medical Uses of Electricity; Physiology of Mind- Reading; Stimulants and Narcotics; Psy- chology of the Salem Witchcraft and Its Practical Application in Our Own Time; and some works of lesser note. He died Jan. 23, 1883, in New York. BEARD, HENRY, soldier, artist, the son of J. H. Beard, was born in 1841 in Ohio. He was a captain in the thirtieth Mis- souri volunteers at twenty-one years of age. He painted genre subjects in oils and water-colors, and made the uesigns for many of Prang's publications. He died Nov. 19, 1889, in New York city, N. Y. BEARD, JAMES CARTER, lawyer, art- ist. He is a lawyer by profession, and has made spirited drawings of birds and animals, which are to be found in the best illustrated books and periodicals of the day. BEARD, JAMES HENRY, painter, was born in 1814, in Buffalo, N. Y. His fam- ily removed when he was a child to Ohio, and he eventually settled in Cincinnati, where he devoted himself for many years to portrait painting; Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, and other distinguished persons being among his sitters. Of late years he has devoted himself chiefiy to animal painting, in which branch of art he has achieved success. Among his best known works are: Peep at Growing Danger; The Widow; Mutual Friend; There's Many a Slip; Consultation; Don't You Know Me; Heirs at Law; Which Has Preemption; The Mississippi Flood; Barn Yard. BEARD, JOHN SHEPARD, lawyer, was born June 14, 1859, in Tallahassee, Fla. He received his education in his native city and the university of the south. He has attained prominence as an able law- yer of Pensacola, Fla., where he has filled several public positions of honor. BEARD, RICHARD, educator, college president, author, was born Nov. 27, 1799, in Sumner county, Tenn. He was grad- uated at Cumberland university, Tennes- see, in 1832; and became president of the university in 1843. On the founding of the Theological school of the university in 1853, he resigned the presidency of the university and took the chair of system- atic theology, being in reality for the next twenty-five years both principal and pro- fessor. He was a leader in the Cumber- land Presbyterian organization, and pub- lished Systematic Theology; also Bio- graphical Sketches; and Why I Am a Cumberland Presbyterian. He died Dec. 2, 1880. in Lebanon, Tenn. BEARD, WILLIAM HENRY, inventor, was born Oct. 12, 1839, in Richmond. Mass. The Beard hydraulic shield was used in the construction of the great rail- way tunnel under the St. Clair river at Port Huron and Sarnia, between the United States and Canada, as well as in excavating the underground railway tun- nels in London and Glasgow, the Hudson river tunnel, and other similar works. He is the designer of many other inven- tions. BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK, artist, was born April 13, 1825, in Painesville, Ohio. He studied art abroad, and he is widely known for his pictures of alle- gory and humor portrayed by animal and human creatures. He has written a text- book on art entitled Action in Art. Hu- mor in Animals is another book published a few years ago, besides various magazine articles. The Spirit of the Storm is con- sidered his greatest work. BEARDSLEY, ALONZO, lawyer, manu- facturer, was born July 11, 1820, in Venice. N. Y. He was elected secretary of the Os- wego Starch factory, and continued in this position until 1858, when he became treas- urer. In 1866 he entered the Caytiga Chief Manufacturing Co., and carried on the manufacture of the Cayuga Chief mower and reaper. BEARDSLEY, ARTHUR, engineer, was born Nov. 1, 1843, in Esopus, N. Y. Dur- ing 1867-68 he was assistant engineer at the Hoosac tunnel, Mass., and from 1863 till 1872 professor of civil engineering and industrial mechanics at the univer- sity of Minnesota. In 1872 he became professor of civil and mechanical engi- neering in Swarthmore college, where he organized a manual training department, of which he is director. BEARDSLEY, CHARLES, physician, journalist, state senator, was born Feb. 18, 1830, in Knox county, Ohio. He prac- ticed medicine at Oskaloosa, Iowa, until 1861; was editor of the Herald of that place from 1858 to 1865; and of the Bur- lington Hawkeye from 1865 to 1874. He was a member of the state senate in 1870. 1872, and 1873; and in 1879 was appointed fourth auditor of the treasury at Wash- ington. BEARDSLEY, EBEN EDWARDS, cler- gyman, author, was born in 1808 in Step- ney, Conn. He is an episcopal clergy- man of New Haven; and the author of History of the Episcopal Church in Con- necticut; Lives of Samuel Johnson the First President of King's College, New York, William Samuel Johnson, presi- dent of Columbia College; and Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut. He died in 1891. BEARDSLEY, HOSEA L., soldier, cler- gyman, was born June 11, 1838, in Dela- ware county, N. Y. He served with dis- tinction during the civil war; first in the eighteenth regiment, Iowa volunteer in- fantry, and was promoted to first lieu- tenant of the second regiment, Arkansas infantry. Since 1866 he has been clergy- man of the Methodist Episcopal church; and since 1885 has been pastor of the Simpson Methodist Episcopal church of Denver, Colo. BEARDSLEY. ISAAC H.. clergyman author, was born Oct. 1, 1831, in North Harpersfield, N. Y. For nearly fifty years he has been a clergyman of the methodist episcopal church; and has filled pastorates in New York, Ohio, and for the past thirty years in Colorado. During the civil war he was a chaplain in the ITnion army. He is the author of Echoes from Peak and Plain; and a Genealog- ical History of the Beardsley family. BEARDSLEY, LEVI, lawyer, state sen- ator, jurist, was born Nov. 13, 1785, in Hoo- sic, N. Y. In 1825 he was elected to the state assembly that passed the first rail- road charter in the United States. He was elected to the state senate in 1829; re- elected in 1834; and was president of the senate in 1838. and for many years judge of the court of errors of New York. Be- sides his legal opinions, he published an autobiographical volume entitled Remi- niscences. He died March 19, 1857, in New- York. BEARDSLEY, MORRIS BEACH, law- yer, legislator, jurist, was born Aug. 13, 1849, in Trumbull, Conn. He graduated from Yale university and Columbia col- lege law school, and has been judge of the Bridgeport probate court for sixteen years; and member of the general assem- bly of Connecticut since 1893. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 95 BEARDSLEY, NELSON, manufacturer, bank president, was born May 30, 1807, in Southbury, Conn. In 1848 he became one of the incorporators of lue Oswego Starch factory, and in 1883 its president, and held the office for the rest of his life. He gained a fortune of seven mil- lions. He died Jan. 15, 1894, in Auburn, N. Y. BEARDSLEY, SAMUEL, lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Feb. 9, 1790, in Hoosic, N. Y. He held the post of at- torney-general o£ the state. He was a representative in congress from Oneida county, N. Y., to the twenty-second, twenty-third, and a part of the twenty- fourth and twenty-eighth congresses. He also held the office of state senator in 1823, and was assistant justice and chief justice of the supreme court of the state, and the federal appointment of United States district attorney for New York. He died May 6, 1860, in Utica, N. Y. BEARDSLEY, SAMUEL RAYMOND, lawyer, soldier, was born Dec. 31, 1814. in Cherry Valley, N. Y. He was elected mayor of Oswego in 1852; appointed post- master in 1853; and was defeated as a candidate for the assembly in 1858. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the twenty-fourth New Y'ork volunteers in 1861; was wounded at Chancellorsville, and was promoted to the colonelcy m 1863. He died Dec. 28, 1863, in Stevens- burg, Va. BEASELBY, NATHANIEL, pioneer, state senator, was born in 1751. He was a large and powerful man; a noted In- dian fighter, and performed valuable serv- ices in the St. Clair and Wayne cam- paigns. He afterward settled in Chilli- cothe, Ohio; was a member of the general assembly in 1819-20 from Adams county, and senator from Brown in 1820-22. He was also canal commissioner and major- general of militia. He died March 27, 1835, In Knox county, Ohio. BE.rtoLEY. FREDERICK, clergyman, author, was born in 1777, near Edenton. N. C. He was an episcopal clergyman who was provost of the university of Pennsylvania. He was the author of An Examination of the Oxford Divinity; Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind; and Reply to Dr. Chan- ning. He died Nov. 2, 1845, in Elizabeth- town, N. J. BEATTIE, ELISE, author, poet, was born Feb. 27, 1858, in Newbury, Vt. She is the author of a volume of poems en- titled Echoes, which was published in 1873. BEATTIE, HAMLIN, manufacturer, banker, was born May 6, 1835, in Green- ville, S. C. In 1859 he established the mercantile house of H. Beattie and Co.; and in 1872 organized and became the president of the National bank of Green- ville. S. C. BEATTIE, JAMES HLiNRY, civil en- gineer, state senator, was born Jan. 17, 1847, in Maidstone, Vt. He is a success- ful farmer and land surveyor of Bruns- wick, Vt. In 1872-74 he was a member of the Vermont house of representatives: and in 1896 was elected to the state sen- ate. BEATTIE, JOHN, contractor, was born June 18, 1824, in Scotland. In 1855 he purchased the Harrison quarry at Fall River; and a year later opened another quarry at Niantic, Conn. Among the most notable structures he has built are the stone towers for the suspension bridge across the Kentucky river; bridges on the Wabash railroad in Indiana; and the great bridge across the Ohio, between Cincinnati and Covington. BEATTY, HARRY L., lawyer, state legislator, was born April 4. 1865, in Ra- venna, Ohio. He is a successful lawyer of Ravenna; has filled numerous public offices; and served as a member of the seventy-second and seventy-third gen- eral assemblies of Ohio. BEATTY, JOHN, physician, congress- man. He was a delegate to the conti- nental congress from 1783 to 17 »5; and a representative in congress from New Jer- sey from 1793 to 1795. He died April 30. 1826, in Trenton. BEATTY, JOHN, banker, general, con- gressman, was born Sept. i6, 1828. in San- dusky city, Ohio. He entered the third Ohio infantry and became brigadier-gen- eral in the civil war. He was elected a representative from Ohio to the fortieth congress to fill a vacancy, and was re- elected to the forty-first congress. BEATTY, MARTIN, congressman. He was a representative in congress from Kentucky from 1833 to 1835. BEATTY, ROBERT MUIR, attorney- general, was born March 4, 1850, in Mount Morris, 111. In 1873 he moved to Eureka county, Nev., where he served as district attorney during 1887-88, and continued to reside there until his election to the office of attorney-general in 1894. BEATTY, SAMUEL, farmer, soldier, was born Dec. 16, 1820, in Mifflin county, Pa. He served nearly two years in the Mexican war as first lieutenant in the third Ohio volunteers. He was made brigadier-general of volunteers in 1862. commanded a division in the Dattle of Stone River, and was brevetted major- general in 1865. He died May 26, 1885. in Jackson, Ohio. BEATTY, WILLIAM, congressman, was born in Ireland. He was a representa- tive in congress from Pennsylvania from 1837 to 1841. BEATTY, WILLIAM HENRY, lawyer, jurist, was born Feb. 18, 1838, in Lucas county, Ohio. He received the rudiments of his education in the common schools of California and Kentucky; and attend- ed the university of Virginia. During 1864-75 he was judge of the district court of Nevada; justice of the supreme court of Nevada during 1875-81; and since 1889 has been chief justice of the supreme court of California. BEAUCHAMP, JAMES T., lawyer, was born March 13, 1864, in Morgantown, Ky. He graduated from the Ogden college of Bowling Green, Ky., where he has at- tained eminence as an able lawyer, mak- ing a specialty of equity practice in fed- eral arid state courts. After graduation he taught school for awhile, and for two years was clerk of the quarterly court of Warrenton, Ky. BEAl v_,HAMP, JENNIE B., reformer, author, was born July 9, 1833, in Nelson county, Ky. She is the author of Maple- hurst; Digest of Parliamentary Laws; and A Collection of Responsive Bible Readings. The pen of this writer has been especially devoted to reform work, and in 1883 she was elected state presi- dent of the Texas Woman's Christian Temperance union. BEAUCHAMP, LOU J., journalist, lec- turer, author, was born Jan. 14, 1851, in Cincinnati, Ohio. He has been telegraph, news and literary editor of the Cincin- nati Times-Star, and has been connected with various leading dailies. Since 1877 he has been principally engaged as a temperance lecturer, and has been called The Western Gough. He Is the author of two books: This, That and The Other; and Sunshine. BEAUMONT, ANDREW, congressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He was a representative in congress from that state from 1833 to 1837; and was ap- pointed, in 1846, commissioner of public buildings for the District of Columbia. He died Oct. 30, 1853, in Wilkesbarre, Pa. BEAUMONT, BETTY BENTLEY, mer- chant, author, was born Aug. 9, 1828, in England. She was the only child of Joseph Bentley, the great educational re- former, and author of thirty-three books to improve the methods of education. She became a successful merchant of Wood- ville. Miss.; and is the author of Twelve Years of My Life; and A Business Wom- an's Journal. BEAUMONT, JOHN G.. naval officer, was born Aug. 27, 1821, in Pennsylvania. He was engaged as commander of a monitor in attacks on the fortifications in Charleston harbor during the civil war, and took a prominent part in the capture of Fort Wagner. He died Aug. 2, 1882. BEAUREGARD, PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT, general, author, was born May 28, 1818, in St. Bernard parish. La. As a commander of the confederate army he was very popular. He is in- cluded among Lou- is i a n a's d i s t i n- guished authors, in virtue of his Com- mentary on the Campaign and Battle of Manassas, and his Summary of the Art of War. He died Feb. 20, 1893, in New- Orleans, La. BEAUSAY, RICHARD FAUSTINUS, educator, lawyer, clergyman, was born Feb. 15, 1859, near Greenville, Ohio. He was a printer and newspaper correspond- ent in his youth, attended school at the Ohio Normal university of Ada, Ohio, and followed educational work for fifteen years. In 1895 he was admitted to the bar at Columbus, and practiced law for a brief period at Upper Sandusky, Ohio. In 1896 he became a clergyman of the methodist episcopal church, entering the Central Ohio conference at Bellefontaine, and was appointed to the pastorate of Dixon circuit. BEAUVAIS, ARMAND, sixth governor of Louisiana, was a Creole of that state. He became governor by constitutional right, being president of the state and ex- officio lieutenant-governor at the time of Governor Derbigny's death. He was justice of the peace in 1810; was elected to the state legislature in 1814, to which position he was afterward twice re-elect- ed. During 1822-30 he was a continuous member of the state senate. BEAVER, JAMES ADDAMS, soldier, lawyer, jurist, governor, was born Oct. 21, 1837, in Millerstown, Pa. In 1856 he grad- uated from the Jefferson college. During the civil war he served with distinction and was mustered out on account of wounds received in battle Dec. 4, 1864, as brevet brigadier-general United States volunteers. During 1870-87 he was a mem- ber of the national guard of Pennsylvania, in which he served as brigadier-general and major-general. In 1880 he was chair- man of the Pennsylvania delegation to the republican national convention. In 1882 and 1886 he was the candidate for governor of Pennsylvania, and filled that high office during 1887-91. In 1895 he was appointed judge of the superior court of Pennsylvania; and the same year was elected to that office to serve ten years from .lanuary. 1896. S6 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BEBB, WILLIAM, governor, was born in 1802 in Butler county, Ohio. He was governor of Ohio from 1846 to 1848. He died Oct. 24, 1873, in Rockford, 111. BECHTEL, GEORGE, manufacturer, philanthropist, was born in 1840 in Ger- many. After graduating from the Col- umbia college, he fl^" -y became identified > with his father's i brewery, which was .-:a>C e.stablished In 1853 ^^i^ at Stapleton, Staten Island. In 1870 he became sole propri- etor; and was one of the largest taxpayers on Staten Island. He filled numerous pub- lic offices of trust; was four times elect- ed delegate from Richmond county to the state convention; and in 1888 was a presi- dential elector. Shortly before his death he erected Beehtel's hospital on Staten Island, which his widow subsequently do- nated to the Smith's infirmary. He was extremely charitable, and foremost in all benevolent works on Staten Island. He died July 16, 1889, leaving an estate worth two million dollars. BECK, CHARLES, educator, legislator, was born Aug. 19, 1798, in Heidelberg, Germany. In 1832 he was elected to the chair of Latin language and literature at Cambridge, and, on his retirement from that professorship in 1850, he devoted himself to literary pursuits and classical studies. In 1863 he published The Manu- scripts of the Satyricon of Petronius Ar- biter, described and collated. He was for two years a representative of Cambridge In the state legislature. He died March 19, 1866, in Cambridge, Mass. BECK. ERASMUS W., lawyer, con- gressman, was born Oct. 21, 1833, in Mc- Donough, Ga. He was educated at Mer- cer university, in that state; was admit- ted to the bar in Georgia in 1856; and practiced his profession there. He was elected to the forty-second congress to fill a vacancy. BECK, GEORGE, poet, was born in 1749 in England. He wrote short poems, made poetic translations from Anacreon, Ho- mer, Virgil, and Horace, and in 1812 pub- lished Observations on the Comet. In 1795 he served as a scout in Wayne's cam- paign against the Indians. He died Dec. 24, 1812, in Lexington, Ky. BECK, JAMES B., lawyer. United States senator, was born Feb. 13, 1822, in Scotland. In 1867 he was elected a repre- sentative from Kentucky to the fortieth congress, and was re-elected to the three succeeding congresses. He was elected a United States senator from Kentucky for the term of six years, from 1877; and was re-elected for a second term of six years. He died May 3, 1890, in Washing- ton, D. C. BECK, JOHN BRODHEAD, physician, author, was born Sept. 18, 1794, in Schenec- tady, N, Y. He was the author of Medical Essays; and with his brother, T. Romeyn Beck, produced the great work on Medical Jurisprudence. He was also the author of Infant Therapeutics; and Historical Sketch of the State of Medicine in the Col- onies. He died April 9, 1851, in Rhine- beck, N. Y. BECi-s.. LEONORA, educator, author, was born in Georgia. For five years she was the president of the Capitol Female college of Atlanta, Ga., and now fills the chair of Latin and Greek in the Gardner institute of New York city. She is the author of a work of prose and verse. BECK, LEWIS C, chemist, author, was born Oct. 4, 1798, in Schenectady, N. Y. In 1830 he was appointed professor of chemistry and natural history in Rutger's college, and, at the time of his death, was professor of chemistry in the Albany Medical college. He published Account of the Salt Springs at Salina; On Adulter- ations; Botany of the United States, and of the United States North of Virginia; Mineralogy of New York; Illinois and Missouri Gazetteer; and Chemistry. He died April 20, 1853, in Albany, N. Y. BECK, PAUL, philanthropist, was born in 1760 in Philadelphia, Pa. He acquired a large fortune in the wine trade, and for several years filled the office of port war- den of Philadelphia. He was one of the founders of the Philadelphia academy of fine arts, a benefactor of the deaf and dumb institution of that city; president of the American Sunday School union; and a contributor to various other chari- table and religious undertakings. He died Dec. 22, 1844, in Philadelphia, Pa. BECK, SAMUEL, educator, clergyman, was born Nov. 3, 1832, near Richmond, Ind. He received his education in the public schools and academies of eastern Indiana; and received the degree of doctor of divinity from the DePauw uni- versity. For ten years he was engaged in educational work in the common and special schools. He has attained success as an eminent clergyman; has filled pas- torates in the methodist episcopal church in Covington, Attica, Crawfordsville. Greencastle, Thorntown. Terre Haute, and Brazil; and for the past twelve years has been presiding elder of the Valparaiso district. BECK, THEODRIC ROMEYN, author, was born April 11, 1791, in Schenectady, N. Y. He was a medical writer of Al- bany; and the author of Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, with J. B. iseck, his brother. He died Nov. 19, 1855, in Utica, N. Y. BECKER, CYNTHIA ANN, poet. She is a successful writer of Lincoln, Neb.; and her poems constantly appear in the western press. BECKER, GEORGE FERDINAND, ge- ologist, author, was born Jan. u, 1847, in New York city. He is a geologist in the United States service; and the author of Geology of the Comstock Lode; Atomic Weight Determinations; Geometrical Value of Volcanic Cones; A New Law of Thermo-Chemistry; Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope; and several lesser works. BECKER, HARRY WILLIAM, was born June 18, 1868, in Girardville, Pa. He was educated in the common schools of his native place and at Ashland, Wil- liamsport, and in a business college of Philadelphia. H e built the Palace the- ater in Girardville. of which he is owner and manager. He has been engaged with and interested in nu- merous theatrical en- terprises; and is the owner and editor of the Footlight, a theatrical paper, and The Weekly Stem. He is an accomplished musician and leads a band numbering over one hundred men. He is a member of the board of trade of his city, and is interested in various business enterprises. BECKER, PHILIP, merchant, public official, was born in April. 1830, in Ger- many. He attained success as a mer- chant in Buffalo. N. Y., and has retired from active business. He served three terms as mayor of the city of Buffalo; and since Iboy has been president of the Buffalo German Insurance company. He was a delegate to the republican national convention of 1876. BECKER, THOMAS A., Roman Cath- olic bishop, was born in 1832 in Pitts- burg, Pa. He was appointed professor of theology, ecclesiastical history, and sacred scriptures in St. Mary's college, Emmetts- burg, and was one of the chief secretaries of the plenary council assembled at Balti- more. He was then stationed at the ca- thedral of Richmond, where he remained until created bishop of the new diocese of Wilmington, Del. He has contributed largely to reviews and periodicals, and his series of articles in the American Cath- olic Quarterly on the idea of a true uni- versity attracted wide attention. BECKETT, SYLVESTER BREAK- MORE, author, poet, was born in 1812 in Maine. He was a publisher of Portland, Maine; and the author of Hester, the Bride of the Islands, a Poem; and Guide Book of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence. He died in 1882. BECKHAM, CARL H., lawyer, state legislator, was born July 3, 1860, in Henry county, Ohio. He studied law in Toledo, was admitted to the bar in 1886, and has been ever since engaged in the practice of his profession in that city. He was elected to the seventy-first Ohio general assembly as a republican, and re-elected to the seventy-second general assembly. In 1888 he was a candidate of the demo- cratic party for congress. He has been a member of the board of city school ex- aminers for about eighteen years. BECKLEY, JOHN NEWTON, educator, lawyer, railroad president, was born Dec. 30, 1848, in Clarendon, N. Y. From 1870- 71 he became principal of the public schools of Lanesboro, Minn.; and at Rushford from 1871-72. In 1882 he was elected city attorney of Rochester, N. Y.; and in 1889 was elected president of a rail- road; and in 1892 became president of the street railroad association of the state of New York at Rochester. BECKNER, WILLIAM MORGAN, law- j'er, jurist, congressman, was born June 19, 1841, in Nicholas county, Ky. He was elected city judge without opposition March, 1865; county attorney without op- position in 1867; was nominated without opposition and elected county judge in 1870; was appointed prison commissioner in 1880, and wrote report of commission with reference to system for manag- ing state prisons. He was appoint- ed railroad commissioner in 1882 and served until February, 1884, when he resigned. He was nominated and elect- ed member of the constitutional con- vention without opposition in 1890; and was elected to the legislature without op- position in 1893. He was elected to con- gress as a democrat in 1894, to fill a vacancy. BECKWITH, AMOS, soldier, was born in 1830 in Vermont. He was graduated at West Point in 1850, and served in the Seminole war. He was brevetted briga- dier-general in the United States army in 1865, and promoted lieutenant-colonel on the general staff in 1874. BECKWITH, CHARLh^a D., manufac- turer, congressman, was born Oct. 23. 1838, in Saratoga, N. Y. He was educated at private schools in Troy, N. Y. ; Phila- delphia, Pa.; Worcester, Mass.; and at New Haven, Conn, (military). He Is en- gaged in iron manufacturing; served as alderman and mayor, each four years; and was elected to the fifty-first congress as a republican. HKRRINOSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 97 BKCKWITH, EDWARD GRIFFIN, sol- dier, was born June 25, 1818, in Caze- novia, N. Y. He was graduated at West Point in 1842, served in the war witli Mexico at Tampico and Vera Cruz. In 1865, he received the brevet rank of brig- . adier-general. United States army, for faithful and meritorious services during the war. He died June 22, 1881. in Clif- ton, N. Y. BBCKWITH, EMMA, rt(o.-mer, was born Dec. 4, 1849, in Cincinnati, Ohio. She received her education in the public schools of Toledo, Ohio, and was the fi r s t woman go- ing into business life in lower New York, at 66 Nassau street. She was nominated for mayor of Brooklyn, made a genuine canvass, and obtained a large vote. She Is an i earnest advocate of woman suffrage, and has uuLuiud LliL regular lecture field, in which she has attained eminent success. She has also been foremost in all chari- table works and philanthropic move- ments. BECKWITH, JAMES CARROLL, paint- er, was born Sept. 23, 1852, in Hannibal, Mo. He is a son of N. M. Beckwith, who was United States_ commissioner-general at the international exhibition of Paris in 1867. He studied art for two years in the national academy, New York, and for five years in the Paris school of arts. His works include Judith, portraits ex- hibited at the New York academy of de- sign, and The Falconer, sent to the Paris exposition of 1878. He received a medal from the Universal exposition in Paris in 1889. BECKWITH, JOHN WATRUS, bishop, was born Feb. 9, 1831, in Raleigh, N. C. At the close of the war he became rector of Trinity church. New Orleans, and while there was elected protestant episcopal bishop of Georgia. He died Nov. 24, 1890, in Atlanta, Ga. BECKWITH, PHILO DANIEL, was born March 6, 1825, in Pike, N. Y. In 1871 he invented the Round Oak stove for heating purposes, which has since revolutionized the stove trade of the United States. He was elected mayor of Dowagiac. Mich., four times. BECKWITH, MRS. -SUE E., poet, was born in 1843, in DeKalb county, 111. She is a writer of Audale, Kan.; and the au- thor of the poem entitled A Legend of Arkansas. BECKWITH, WALTER PARKER, edu- cator, was born Aug. 27, 1851, in Lemp- ster, N. H. In 1871 he graduated from the Kimball Union academy of Meriden, N. H.; and from Tufts college in 1876. For two years he was principal of the Chicopee Falls high school; and during 1878-96 was superintendent of schools at Adams, Mass. Since 1896 he has been connected with the State Normal school of Salem, Mass. BECKWOURTH, JAMES P., pioneer, was born about 1800 in Virginia. He was a mulatto. About 1850 he discovered the pass through the Sierra Nevada moun- tains that bears his name. During his adventurous life he was at one time chief among the Crow Indians, and he figures in many books of western travel. He died in 1867. BEDEL, JOHN,* soldier, lawyer, legis- lator, was born July 8, 1822, in Indian Stream territory, N. H. His father was Gen. Moody Bedel. The son enlisted as a private in the Mex- ican war in 1847, and became a captain in 1849. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1850, and practiced in Bath. He was made a brigadier- general of United States volunteers, by brevet, dating in 1865, for gallant and meritorious services. He repre- sented the town of Bath in the legis- lature, and was several times the unsuc- cessful democratic candidate for governor. He died Feb. 26, 1875, in Bath, N. H. BEDEL, TIMOTHY, soldier, was Dorn about 1740 in Salem, N. H. He served as a lieutenant in the French war. In 1775 he was appointed captain of rangers, and in 1776, colonel of the first New Hamp- shire regiment, joining the northern army under Schuyler. He died February, 1787, in Haverhill, N. H. BEDELL, FREDERICK, physicist, elec- irician. was born April 12, 1868, in Brook- lyn, N. Y. He graduated from Yale, and latpr received the degree of Ph. D. from Cornell, where he was appointed assist- ant professor of physics in 1893. He is the editor of the Physical Review, is well known by his scientific writings, and as the author of Alternating Currents; A Laboratory Manual of Physics; and The Principles of the Transformer. BEDELL, GREGORY THURSTON, bishop, author, was born Aug. 17, 1817, in Hudson, N. Y. He was the third protest- ant episcopal bishop of Ohio, and a valued writer of the evangelical school. He is the author of The Divinity of Christ; The Profit of Godlin!?ss; Pastoral The- ology; Principles of Pastorship; The Age of Indifference; Episcopacy; Fact and Law; and a few minor w6rks. He died in 1892. BEDELL, GREGORY TOWNSEND, clergyman, author, was born Oct. 28, 1793, on Staten Island, N. Y. He was an epis- copal clergyman of Philadelphia, and once famous as a preacher. He is the author of Renunciation; Ezekiel's Vision; and Ser- mons were his chief works. He died Aug. 30, 1834, in Baltimore, Md. BEDELL, LOUIS, lawyer, state legis- lator, was born Oct. 1, 1864, in Coxsackie, N. Y. He is a successful lawyer of New York city; and in 1896-97 served with distinction as a member of the New York state legislature. BEDFORD, GUNNING, soldier, con- gressman, governor, was born about 1730 in Philadelphia, Pa. He was a lieutenant in the French war in 1755; major in 1775; lieutenant-colonel in Hasler's regiment in 1776; was wounded at White Plains; and subsequently appointed muster-master- general in 1776. He was a delegate to the continental congress from 1783 to 1785; and governor of Delaware in 1796 and 1797. He died Sept. 30, 1797, in New Castle, Del. BEDFORD, GUNNING, JR., lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born in 1747, in Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated at New Jersey college in 1771; practiced law at Dover, and at Wilmington, Del.; was a member of the legislature; attorney-gen- eral of the state; and a delegate to the continental congress In 1785 and 1786. He was a member of the convention which formed the federal constitution; was a presidential elector in 1789 and 1793; and was United States district judge from 1789. He died March 30, 1812, in Wil- mington, Del. BEDFORD, GUNNING S., physician, author, was born in 1806, in Baltimore, Md. He was the author of Lectures on Diseases of Women and Children; Mid- wifery; and has translated from the French several medical works. He died Sept. 5, 1870, in New York city. BEDFORD, MRS. LOU S., poet. Hor first work, A Vision and Other Poems, was publishW in 1881, and by permission was reproduced in London. This volume elicited many fine encomiums from such men as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Long- fellow, and Paul Hayne. In 1888 ap- peared Gathered Leaves, a very fine col- lection of her later poems. BEDINGER, GEORGE M., soldier, con- gressman, was born about 175u in Vir- ginia. He was one of the earliest emi- grants to Kentucky. He served as ad- jutant in the expedition against Chilll- cothe in 1779; as major at lue battle of Blue Licks in 1782; and did good service throughout the war as an Indian spy. He was major of the United States infantry in 1792-93; was a member of the Kentucky legislature in 1792; and a representative in congress from that state from 1803 to 1807. He died in 1830 in Lower Blue Licks, Ky. BEDINGER, HENRY, lawyer, diplom- atist, congressman, was born in 1810 near Shepherdstown, Va. He was a represent- ative in congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849, where he was distinguished tor his eloquence as a debater. In 1853 he was appointed charge d'affaires to Den- mark, afterward minister resident. Dur- ing his residence in Denmark he was suc- cessful in bringing about the treaty abol- ishing the sound dues. He died Nov. 26, 1858, in Shepherdstown, Va. BEDLE, JOSEPH DORSET, lawyer, jur- ist, governor, was born Jan. 3, 1831, in Mattawan, N. J. In 1865 he was appointed a judge of the supreme court of New Jer- sey, and was reappointed in 1872. In 1874 he was elected governor of New Jer- sey, and served three years. BEDLE, JOSEPH D0R3ETT, lawyer, jurist, governor, was born Jan. 5, 1821, In Middletown, N. J. In 1865 he was elect- ed justice of the supreme court of New Jersey; and In 1875-78 was elected the twenty-sixth governor of New Jersey. BEDLOW, HENRY, capitalist, was born Dec. 21, 1821, In New York city. In 1868 the island to which he gave his name, came to him by purchase, and there he made his home. He also served in 1848 as assistant physician of the American expedition to the Dead sea. While thor- oughly a New Yorker, Mr. Bedlow long ago made Newport, R. I., his home, and held the office of mayor of that city in 1875, 1876 and 1877. BEE, BERNARD E., soldier, was born about 1823 In Charleston, S. C. He served as captain on frontier duty in Minnesota, on the Utah expedition, and in Dakota until March 3, 1861, when he resigned and entered the confederate service. He held the rank of brigadier-general, and com- manded a brigade of South Carolina troops at Bull Run. He died July 21, 1861. BEE, HAMILTON P., soldier. He was a general In the confederate service during the civil war. He is a broiuer of Bernard C. Bee, who at Bull Run said: There la Jackson standing like a stone wall, thus giving to that officer a name that would live for all time, while he was to die that day himself. 98 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BEE, THOMAS, jurist, congressman, au- thor, was born in 1729 in South Carolina. He was a revolutionary patriot of South Carolina; member of the assembly; speaker of the house of representatives; member of the privy council; judge of the state courts; member of the council of safety; and lieutenant-governor. He was a delegate to the continental congress from 1780 to 1782, and finally district judge; and published Reports of the Dis- trict Courts of South Carolina in 1810. BEEBE, BEZALEEL, soldier, legislator, was born April 28, 1741, in Litchfield, Conn. As one of Rogers' celebrated rang- ers, he was engaged in the bloody fight where Putnam was captured, and he was also at the capture of Montreal in 1760. He was appointed to the command of all the Connecticut troops raised for sea- coast defence, with the duties and pay of a brigadier-general. After the war he was frequently a member of the legisla- ture. He died May 29, 1824, in Litchfield, Conn. BEEBE, GEORGE M., journalist, law- yer, congressman, was born Oct. 38, 1836, in New Vernon, N. Y. In 1859 he went to Kansas; was elected to the territorial council, appointed secretary of the terri- tory, and was acting governor. In 1872- 73 he was president of the democratic state convention at Syracuse and Utica, N. Y. ; was elected to the legislature of New York in 1873-74; and was elected a representative from New York to the forty-fourth and forty-uith congresses. BEEBE, JOHN W., educator, journalist, poet, was born Aug. 2, 1853, in George- town, Del. He is a successful educator and journalist of Kingman, Kan.; and the author of a number of meritorious poems. BEEBE, MILTON EARL, architect, was born Nov. 27, 1840, in Cassadaga, N. Y. He is one of the leading architects In the city of Buffalo, and has built and designed many of the most important buildings of that city. In 1879 he was elected alderman, and in 1881 mayor of Buffalo. BEEBE, WARREN LORING, phy- sician, surgeon, was born March 16, 1848, in Belpre, Ohio. He is one of the fore- most physicians and surgeons of Minne- sota at St. Cloud; has been president of the Minnesota State Medical society; and surgeon to the Northern Pacific and Great Northern railroad companies. BEECH, MRS. MARY TURNER, poet, was born in Homer, N. Y. She is a poet of Beechville, 111.; and has contributed extensively to current literature. BEECHER, CATHERINE ESTHER, educator, author, was born Sept. 6, 1800, in East Hampton, N. Y., and is a daughter of L. Beecher, a New England educator of much celebrity at one time, who wrote with the ardor of sincerest conviction. She was the author of Domestic Econ- omy; Physiology and Calisthenics; Let- ters to the People; Religious Training of Children; and Domestic Service, True Remedy for the Wrongs of Woman. She died May 12, 1878, in Elmira, N. Y. BEECHER, CHARLES, clergyman, au- thor, was born Oct. 7, 1815, in Litchfield, Conn., and is a son of L. Beecher. He is a congregational clergyman; and the author of Patmos; Pen Pictures of the Bible; The Eden Tableau; and Redeem- er and Redeemed. He edited his father's Lite and Correspondence. BEECHER, EDWARD, clergyman, au- thor, was born Aug. 2'7, 1803, in East Hampton, N. Y., and was a son of L. Beecher. He was a congregational clergy- man of Illinois, and later of Brooklyn, whose attainments must be considered as the most solid of those of any of the famous children of Lyman Beecher. In his Conflict of Ages (1853) was struck the earliest note of the liberal theology now dominant in the congregational churches. The more important of his other works include Papal Conspiracy Ex- posed; Baptism; and History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Future Retribution. He died in 1895. BEECHER. MRS. EUNICE WHITE, author, was born Aug. 26, 1812, in West Sutton, Mass., and was the wife of H. W. Beecher. She was the author of From Dawn to Daylight: a Simple Story; Motherly Talks with Young Housekeep- ers; All Around the House, or How to Make Homes Happy; Letters from Flor- ida; and Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him. She died in 1897. BEECHER, FARY BUCHANAN, edu- cator, lawyer, was born June 2, 1856, In Steuben county, N. Y. He received his education in the common schools and at Rogersville Union seminary. For sev- eral years he was engaged in educational work, and became principal of the At- lanta Union Free school. For five years he was a justice of the peace; and is now a successful lawyer of Atlanta, N. Y. He is a prominent member of various orders. He has also contributed both prose and verse, as well as law articles, to current literature. BEECHER, GEORGE, clergyman, was born May 6, 1809, in East Hampton, N. Y. He was a clergyman of Chillicothe, Ohio, and a devoted pastor, and an inspiring preacher. He died July 1, 1843. BEECHER, HENRY WARD, clergy- man, author, was born June 24, 1813, in Litchfield, Conn., and was a son of Ly- man Beecher. He was a congregation- al clergyman widely famous as the pastor of Plymouth church of Brooklyn in 1847- 87. He was an earn- e s t, large-hearted man, though not a deep thinker, and his cheerful influence upon middle-class American thought was very extensive. His literary work can hardly be said to possess enduring excellence, and much of it is already forgotten, graphic and pic- turesque as it often is. He was the author of Eyes and Ears; Life Thoughts; Star Papers; Yale Lectures on Preaching; Lec- tures to Young Men; Speeches on the American Rebellion; Doctrinal Beliefs and Unbeliefs; and Life of Jesus the Christ. His only novel, Norwood, Is a collection of successful character studies rather than a finished story. He died March 8, 1887. BEECHER, JAMES CHAPLIN, soldier, clergyman, was born Jan. 8, 1828, in Bos- ton, Mass. He was graduated at Dart- mouth in 1848, studied theology at An- dover, and on May 10, 1856, was ordained a congregational clergyman. He was mustered out of service in 1866 as brevet brigadier-general. He died Aug. 25, 1886, in Elmira, N. Y. BEECHER, LYMAN, clergyman, au- thor, was born Oct. 2, 1775, in New Haven, Conn. He was a congregational clergyman of wide fame. While in Bos- ton he was a zealous opponent of uni- tarianism, and as president of Lane Theo- logical seminary at Cincinnati was noted as an outspoken enemy of slavery. He was a bold thinker, much In advance of his contemporaries. He was the author of Sermons on Temperance; Views in Theology; Scepticism; and Political Atheism. He died Jan. 10, 1863, in Brook- lyn, N. Y. BEECHER, PHILEMON, lawyer, con- gressman, was born in New Haven, Conn. He was a representative in congress from Ohio from 1817 to 1821, and again from 1823 to 1829. He died Nov. 30, 1839, in Lancaster, Ohio. BEECHER, THOMAS KINNICUT, clergyman, author, was born Feb. 10, 1824, in Litchfield, Conn., and is a son of Lyman Beecher. He is a congregation- al clergyman of Elmira, N. Y.; and the author of Our Seven Churches. BEECHER, WILLIAM HENRY, clergy- man, was born Jan. 15, 1802, in East Hampton, L. I. For many years he was a home missionary on the Western Reserve, and since has held charges In Putnam, Toledo, and Chillicothe, Ohio, and In Reading and North Brookfleld, Mass. BEECHER, WILLIS JUDSON, educat- or, author, was born In 1838 in Ohio. He is a professor of Hebrew In the Auburn Theological seminary; and the author of Parmer Tompkins and His Bible; Drill Lessons in Hebrew; and Testimony of the Historical Books. BEEDE, JOHN E., lawyer, was born Feb. 2, 1834, In Sandwich, N. H. He re- ceived his education from the common schools and the Friends school of Provi- dence, R. I. He was a millwright before he entered the practice of law. He has been justice of the peace in Arizona and Idaho, master of the grange, and delegate chairman and president of numerous movements and conventions in Idaho. BEEKMAN, HENRY RUTGERS, law- yer, jurist, was born Dec. 8, 1845, in New York city. Previous to his election as judge of the superior court, he was a member of the law firm of Ogden and Beekman. In 1886 he was elected presi- dent of the board of aldermen, for which ofiice he was nominated by the united democracy. In 1888 he was appointed counsel to the corporation of the city of New York. BEEKMAN. JAMES WILLIAM, state senator, was born Nov. 22, 1815, in New York city, N. Y. He was chosen state senator of New York in 1850, and served two terms. In 1861 he, with Erastus Corning and Thurlow Weed, was appoint- ed by a meeting of conservative men in New York to go to Washington and urge President Buchanan to relieve Fort Sum- ter. He died June 15, 1877, in New York city, N. Y. BEEKMAN, THOMAS, Congressman. He was a representative in congress from New York from 1829 to 1831. BEEMAN, JOSEPH H., business man, legislator, congressman, was born Nov. 17, 1835, in Gates county, N. C. He received an academic education; and was elected to the legislature from Scott county, Miss., in 1883, 1885, 1887, and 1889. He has been connected with the Farmers' Alliance since its organization in the state, having served during this time as chairman of the state executive committee. He was elected to the fifty-second congress as a democrat. BEERS, CYRUS, congressman. In 1838 he was elected a representative from New York to the twenty-fifth congress to fill a vacancy. BEERS, MRS. ETHELINDA, author, poet, was born Jan. 13, 1827, in Goshen, N. J. She was the author of General Frankie, a juvenile tale; and All Quiet Along the Potomac, and other poems. She died Oct. 10, 1879, In Orange, N. J. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF' AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 9» BEERS, HENRY AUGUSTIN, educator, author, was born July 2, 1847, in Buffalo, N. Y. He is a professor of English liter- ature at Yale university; and the author of The Ways of Yale; A Suburban Pas- toral and Other Stories; From Chaucer to Tennyson; Life of N. P. Willis; Outline Sketch of English Literature; Initial Studies in American Letters. Verse: Odds and Ends; and The Thankless Muse. BEERS, ROBERT WELSTED, clergy- man, author, was born Dec. 3, 1860, in Easton, Pa. He graduated from Lafayette college in 1880, and entered Princeton seminary in 1882. He is a successful clergyman and the author of Mormon Puzzle. BEERS, WAYLAND L., clergyman, was born Dec. 15, 1867, in Montana, N. J. He graduated from the Peddie institute in 1890; from the Brown university in 1895; and subsequently from the Union sem- inary and Columbia university. He has attained success as a unitarian clergyman, and now fills a pastorate in Union Springs, N. Y. BEESON, HENRY W., congressman, was born in Pennsylvania. He was a rep- resentative in congress from his native state from 1841 to 1843. BEESON, JASPER LUTHER, educator, chemist, was born Aug. 31, 1867, in Keen- er, Ala. He graduated from the univer- sity of Alabama, with the degree of M. A.; was assistant professor of physics in his alma mater, and later chemist to the Alabama Geological Survey. In 1893 he graduated from the Johns Hopkins uni- versity in chemistry with the degree of Ph. D., whereupon he was elected profes- sor of agricultural chemistry in the Au- dubon Sugar school of New Orleans. He is the inventor of standard chemical ap- paratus for agricultural analysis, which are in use both in America and Europe. He is a prominent member of various scientific bodies and has published sev- eral pieces of original investigation work upon sugar and the sugar cane. BEESON, JOHN WESLEY, educator, college president, was born March 31, 1866, in Keener, Ala. This eminent edu- cator received his education at the uni- versity of Alabama. He became president of the Arcadia college of Louisiana, and subsequently was made president of the Marengo Female college of Demopolis, Ala. BEGOLE, JOSIAH W., educator, busi- ness man, congressman, governor, was born Jan. 20, 1815, in Groveland, N. Y. He received a public school education; removed to Genesee county, Mich., m 1836; taught school during the winters; became a farmer in 1839, and followed that occupation until 1856. He was elect- ed county treasurer from 1856 to 1864; and commenced the lumbering business in 1863. He was elected to the state senate in 1871; was an alderman for the city of Flint for three years; a delegate to the national republican convention at Phila- delphia in 1872; and was elected a repre- sentative from Michigan to the forty-third congress. In 1882 he was elected governor of Michigan for the term of two years from January, 1883. BELCHER, HIRAM, lawyer, legislator, congressman, was born in Augusta, Maine. For four or five years he was a member of the Maine legislature; and was a representative In congress from that state from 1847 to 1848. He died May 7, 1857. BELCHER, JONATHAN, merchant, governor, was bom Jan. 8, 1681. He was graduated at Harvard in 1699; and spent six years in Europe. Having returned to Boston and become a merchant there. in 1729 he was sent to England as the agent of the colony, and on Gov. Burnet's death in 1730 he was appointed governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which office he held for eleven years. He died Aug. 31, 1757, in Elizabethtown, N. J. BELCHER, JOSEPH, clergyman, au- thor, was born April 15, 1794, in Birming- ham, England. He was a baptist clergy- man of Philadelphia, who came thither from England in 1844. His complete works number over two hundred volumes. Among them are The Baptist Pulpit of the United States; The Clergy of America; History of Religious Denominations in the United States; and Hymns and Their Authors. He died July 10, 1859, in Phila- delphia, Pa. BELCHER, NATHAN, manufacturer, lawyer, state senator, congressman, was born June 23, 1813, in Griswold, Conn. He was a member of the house of repre- sentatives of Connecticut in 1846 and 1847, and of the state senate in 1850. He was a presidential elector in 1852; and was a representative in congress from 1853 to 1855. BELCHER, SAMUEL CLIFFORD, sol- dier, lawyer, was born March 20, 1839, in Farmington, Maine. He graduated from Bowdoin college in 1857. He was cap- tain and major in the sixteenth regi- ment of Maine infantry in the civil war; and in 1879 was inspector-general of the Maine militia, with the rank of brigadier- general. He has practiced law for nearly thirty years, and his reputation as an astute lawyer is widespread. BELDEN, ALBERT CLINTON, sur- geon, was born Sept. 14, 1845, in Castile, N. Y. He settled in the practice of his profession in Akron, Ohio; and had one of the largest practices in the city. He was made surgeon of the eighth regiment Ohio national guard. He died Dec. 20, 1890. BELDEN, ELLSWORTH BURNETT, lawyer, jurist, was born in 1866 in Ra- cine county. Wis. He graduated from the law department of the Wisconsin State university; and in 1889 became county judge, and was thrice re-elected without opposition. He is a director in the Racine Building and Loan associa- tion; a trustee of Racine college, and is prominently identified with the business and public affairs of his native county. BELDEN, GEORGE O.. congressman. He was a representative in congress from New York from 1827 to 1829. BELDEN, JAMES JEROME, business man, banker, congressman, was born Sept. 30, 1825, in Fabius, N. Y. He is a charter member of the order of the Founders and Patriots of America, and has been elected councilor-general by the societies of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. He has been extensively engaged in business pursuits for forty years, having been largely interested In and director of sev- eral national banks; is president and principal owner of the Robert Gere bank of Syracuse, which he founded, and has been trustee of the Syracuse university since it was founded. He was elected mayor of Syracuse in 1877, and re-elected in 1878 without opposition; was a dele- gate to the republican national conven- tion at Chicago in 1880; and was elect- ed as a republican to the fiftieth, fifty- first, fifty-second, fifty-third and fifty-flfth congresses. BELDEN. JOSIAH, merchant, states- man, was born May 4, 1815, in Crom- well, Conn. When Captain Jones, of the frigate United States, took posses- sion of California for the government, Mr. Belden was appointed alcalde of Santa Cruz, and with his own hands raised the American fiag in California for the first time. He was the first mayor of San Jose in 1850. He died April 23, 1892. BELDING, MILO MERRICK, manufac- turer, was born April 3, 1833, in Ashfield, Mass. In 1866, with his brothers, he start- ed a silk factory in Rockville, Conn. In 1874 they built a second silk mill In Northampton, Mass.; and later one in Belding, Mich. BELFORD, JAMES B., lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born Sept. 28, 1837, in Lewiston, Pa. He was educated at Dick- inson college; studied and practiced law; and was appointed a judge of the supreme court of Colorado in 1870, and served five years. He was elected a representa- tive from Colorado to the forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, and forty-eighth congresses. BELFORD, JOSEPH McCRUM, lawyer, congressman, was born Aug. 5, 1852, in Mifflingtown, Pa. He received a classical education, graduating from Dickinson col- lege, Carlisle, Pa., in 1871^ and engaged in academic work for some years. He re- moved to Long Island in 1884; was ad- mitted to the bar in 1889, and was elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a republican. BELKNAP, CHARLES EUGENE, was born Oct. 17. 1846, in Massena, N. Y. He removed with his parents to Grand Rap- ids, Mich., in 1855; was educated in the common schools of Grand Rapids, left school Aug. 14, 1862, and enlisted i n twenty-first r e g i- ment, Michigan in- fantry; was promot- ed to different posi- tions, and received a captain's commis- sion Jan. 22, 1864, at the age of seventeen years and three months; and served until June, 1865, with the army of the Cumber- land. He served eleven years in the fire department of Grand Rapids as captain of a company, assistant chief, and chief; seven years on board of education; served two years as aldermaia; served one year as mayor; has been a member of the board of control of state school institu- tion for the deaf for the past four years; and is engaged in the manufacture of wagons and sleighs. He was elected to the fifty-first and fifty-second congresses. In 1892 he was appointed chairman of the Chickamauga, Chattanooga and Mission- ary Ridge Military Park commission for the state of Michigan. He has contribut- ed war stories and Chippewa Indian myths to current literature. BELKNAP, GEORGE EUGENE, naval officer, author, was born Jan. 22, 1832, in Newport, N. H. Since 1847 he has been in the United States naval service, and in 1875 was commissioned post-cap- tain; was made commodore in 1885; and is now rear-admiral. He Is the author of valuable papers on Deep Sea Soundings; Is a member of the American Geograph- ical society; and has received a sliver medal as a recognition of merit from the Geographical society of France. His portrait hangs in the new Library build- ing of the New Hampshire state capftoL 100 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BELKNAP, HUGH REID, business man, congressman, was born Sept. 1, 1860, in Keokuk, Iowa. He attended the public schools there, and also took a course of instruction at the Adams acad- emy, Quiney, Mass., completing his educa- tion at Phillips academy at Andover, Mass.; being unable to take a coliegiate course, at the age of eighteen he entered the service of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company in a minor capacity; remained with that company for twelve years, filling various positions in practical railroading in the operating department, and retired as chief clerk to the general manager, in 1892, to become superintend- ent of the South Side Rapid Transit rail- road of Chicago. He was elected to the fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth congresses as a republican. BELKNAP, JEREMY, clergyman, au- thor, was born June 4, 1744, in Boston, Mass. He was a congregational clergy- man of Boston, whose History of New Hampshire ranks as the best among local state histories, and is accurate as it is entertaining. His other works include American Biographies; The Foresters; and an American Tale. He died June 20, 1798, in Boston, Mass. BELKNAP, WILLIAM WORTH, sol- dier, lawyer, legislator, was born in 1831 in Hudson City, N. Y. He was elected to the Iowa legislature in 1849. He was present at the battles of Shiloh and Vicks- burg; was with General Sherman in his great campaign; and was so rapidly pro- moted as to have command of a division of the army as major-general. After the war he was appointed a collector of in- ternal revenue, which position he held until he entered President Grant's cabi- net, in 1869, as secretary of war. He died Oct. 12, 1890, in Washington, D. C. BELL, AGRIPPA NELSON, physician, surgeon, journalist, was born Aug. 3. 1820, in Northampton county, Va. He entered the practice of medicine in Frank- town, Va.; and in 1847 entered the naval service as a surgeon. In 1873 he estab- lished The Sanitarian, of which he still continues as editor and proprietor. He is the author of Knowledge of Living Things, and other works. In 1872 he was one of the founders of the American Public Health association. BELL, ALEXANDER GRAHAM, pat- entee, was born March 3, 1847, in Edin- burgh, Scotland. With men of executive ability to aid him, including Gardiner G. Hubbard, his father-in-law. Prof. Bell or- ganized, in 1878, th^ American Bell Tele- phone company, to introduce telephone service into general use throughout the United States. Subordinate companies came into existence in various sections of the United States, and after protracted litigation and contention with the West- ern Union Telegraph company, Prof. Bell established his rights, and the telephone has now become one of the most neces- sary, as it is one of the most useful, facil- ities for the transaction of every-day business. BELL, CHARLES H., naval officer, was born Aug. 15, 1798, In New York. He served in the war of 1812 as midshipman; In 1862 was promoted to commander in the civil war; and In 1866 attained the rank of rear admiral. He died Feb. 19, 1875, In Brunswick, N. J. BELL, CHARLES H., lawyer, legislator, United States senator, governor, was born Nov. 18, 1823, In Chester, N. H. He re- ceived a collegiate education, graduating at Dartmouth college in 1844; and studied and practiced law. He was solicitor for Rockingham county from 1855 to 1865; was a representative in the legislature in 1858, 1859, and 1860; and the last year as speaker. He was a state senator in l»o3 and 1864; president of the senate the last year; and was again a member of the state house of representatives in 1872 and 1873. He was appointed a United States senator in 1879 to fill a vacancy. In 1880 he was elected governor of New Hamp- shire for the term of two years from June, 1881. He is the author of i tie Bench and Bar of New Hampshire. BELL, CHARLES K., lawyer, jurist, state senator, congressman, was oorn April 18, 1*63. in Chattanooga, Tenn. He removed to Texas in 1871, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1874. He was elected district attorney, state senator, and dis- trict judge, serving four years in each po- sition. He was a delegate to the demo- cratic national convention in 1884; and was elected to the fifty-third and fifty- fourth congresses as a democrat. BELL, CLARK, lawyer, journalist, au- thor, was born March 12, 1832, In Rod- man, N. Y. He was the originator and president of the Saturday Night club. In 1883 he founded the Medico-Legal Jour- nal, and is still its editor. BELL, EDWARD A., artist, was born Dec. 18, 1861, in New York city. In lb6l he went to Europe, where he studied at Munich for two years. He painted uis first picture, Their First Sorrow, two .years later. BELL, FRANK FREDERICK, banker, was born May 26, 1855, in Philadelphia, Pa. He became the first treasurer of the city of Philadelphia under the new char- ter. He engaged in large real estate op- erations; and Is the senior member of the banking firm of Bell, Houghes and company. BELL, GEORGE, soldier, was born about 1832 in Maryland. He was grad- uated at West Point in 1853. During the civil war he served as assistant in the organization of the subsistence depart- ment for the Manassas campaign; as principal assistant commissary to the Army of the Potomac, and in charge of subsistence depots, and as chief of com- missariat of the departments of Wash- ington and the Potomac. On April 9, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier-general for services during the war. BELL, HENRY HAYuOOD, naval officer, was born about 1808 in North Car- olina. Early In the civil war he was ap- pointed fleet captain of the Western Gulf squadron. In July, 1866, he was promot- ed to be rear-admiral; and in 1867 he was retired. He died Jan. 11, 1868, in Japan. BELL, HIRAM, congressman, was born in Vermont. He was a representative in congress from Ohio from 1852 to 1853. BELL, HIRAM P., lawyer, state sen- ator, congressman, was born Jan. 1, 182/, in Jackson, Ga. He graduated from the Academy of Gumming, Ga., where he has attained a reputation as one of the lead- ing lawyers of the south. In 1861 he was a delegate to the secession convention; was a state senator the same year, and resigned to enter the confederate army in 1862. He raised a company, of which he was elected captain. He was danger- ously wounded at Chickasaw bayou; and attained the rank of colonel. He was a representative from Georgia in the sec- ond confederate congress in 1864-65; and was elected a representative from his state to the forty-third and forty-fifth congresses of the United States as a dem- ocrat. He has been a trustee of four col- leges, and also of the Methodist Orphans' home; and has taken an active part in the public affairs of his city, county and state. BELL, ISAAC, JR., merchant, banker, public official, was born Nov. 16, 1846, in New York city, N. Y. He was educated at private schools, and at Harvard col- lege, Cambridge, Mass., where he re- mained two years. After leaving Har- vard he went abroad to complete his edu- cation and to travel. From 1870 to 18 iS he was engaged in mercantile business and in banking in New York city; and in the latter year retired from business and went abroad. He returned to the United States in 1880 and settled at Newport, R. I. In 1885 he received the vote of his party In the state legislature for United States senator, but was not elected. In 1885 he was appointed United States min- ister at The Hague, Netherlands. BELL, JAMES, lawyer, United States senator, was born Nov. 13, 1804, in Fran- cestown, N. H. He began to practice at Gilmanton, N. H.; in 1831 he removed to Exeter. N. H.; and in 1846 repre- sented that town in the legislature. In that same year he removed to Gilford, where he took charge of the enter- prise of damming the outlets of Lake Winnipiseogee and other lakes, so that the large mills on the Merrimac might not suffer from a diminished water sup- ply during the dry season. By prudent management he gained over those prop- erty-owners whose interests seemed to be threatened, and the scheme was success- ful. He was a member of the state con- stitutional convention in 1850, and in 1854 and 1855 the unsuccessful whig candidate for governor. In 1855 he was elected to the United States senate, where he served until his death. He died May 26, 1857, in Laconia, N. H. BELL. JAMES DANA, lawyer, legis- lator, jurist, was born Aug. 30, 1840, in Exeter, N. H. He graduated from the Phillips Exeter academy, and the Harvard Law school, and has attained eminence as a successful lawyer and jurist, xle was a member of the constitutional con- vention of South Carolina; and nas served as a judge of the probate court. He has always taken great interest in religious matters, and was commissioner to the general assembly of the Presbyte- rian church of the United States. BELL, JAMES M., congressman, was born in Ohio. He was a representative in congress from that state from 1833 to 1835. BELL, JOHN, congressman. He was a representative In congress from Ohio from 1850 to 1851. BELL, JOHN, merchant, governor, was born in 1766 in Londonderry, N. H. He was for many years a merchant in Ches- ter, N. H.; councilor of the state; and sheriff of Rockingham county from 1823 to 1828; and was governor of New Hamp- shire from 1829 to 1830. He died March 22, 1836, in Chester, N. H. BELL, JOHN I., physician, lecturer, au- thor, was born in 1'796. in Ireland. He was a physician and medical lecturer, among whose writings are Health and Beauty; and Regimen and Longevity. He died in 1872. HERBINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 101 BELL, JOHN, lawyer, congressman. United States senator, was born Feb. 15, 1797, in Nashville, Tenn. In 1S17 he was elected to the state senate; declined a re-election, and de- voted the next ten years of his life wholly to his pro- fession. In 1827 he was elected a repre- sentative in con- gress, and continued to be re-elected until 1841, officiating dur- ing one term as speaker. In 1841 he accepted a seat in President Harrison's cabinet as secretary of war, which post he resigned in five months after the ac- cession of President Tyler. In 1847 he accepted a seat in the house of represent- atives of Tennessee, but before the close of the year was elected to the United States senate; and was re-elected in 1852, serving from time to time as chairman of important committees until the close of the thirty-fifth congress. In 1860 he received from the Union party the nomi- nation for president of the United States, but was defeated. He died Sept. 10, 1869, in Nashville, Tenn. BELL, JOHN C, lawyer, jurist, con- gressman, was born Dec. 11, 1851, in Grundy county, Tenn. He attended the public schools of his native county. In 1888 he was elected judge of the seventh judicial district of Colorado for a period of six years. He was elected to the fifty- third, fifty-fourth, and fifty-fifth con- gresses. BELL, JOSHUA F., lawyer, orator, con- gressman, was born in Kentucky. He was elected a representative in congress from that state from 1845 to 1847. a'nd declined a re-election. He was a lawyer. and distinguished in the west as an ora- tor; and was a member of the peace con- vention of 1861. He died Aug. 17. 1870, in Kentucky. BELL, LILIAN, journalist, author, was born in 1867 in Kentucky. She graduated from the Dearborn seminary of Chicago, 111.; and has attained success as a jour- nalist. She is the author of The Love Affairs of an Old Maid; A Little Sister to the Wilderness; The Under Tide of Things; From a Girl's Standpoint; In- stinct of Stepfatherhood; and other stories. BELL, LUTHER VOSE, physician, sur- geon, legislator, author, was born Dec. 20, 1806, in Chester, N. H. He was the fourth son of Gov. Bell, of New Hamp- shire, a noted lawyer and congressman. In. 1823 he graduated from Bowdoin col- lege; studied medi- cine, and attained success in that pro- fession. He was elected a member of the New Hampshire state legislature; and was appointed one of the special committee for making some provision for the insane. He was the author of numerous dissertations on medical subjects; and to him belongs the honor of having first brought the notice of the medical profession to a new form of disease, which has since been desig- nated as Bell's disease, peculiar to the insane. He died Feb. 11, 1862, near Budd's Ferry, Md. BELL, M. E., architect, was born Oct. 20, 1847, in Chester, N. H. He conceived the idea of becoming an, architect, and studied for the profession; apprenticed himself to an able French architect of St. Louis, Mo., and was engaged with him in the construction of the capitol build- ings at Springfield, 111., and Des Moines, Iowa, from 1870 to 1876. In the latter year his employer died, and Mr. Bell took charge of the work himself. While en- gaged upon the Iowa capitol he was ten- dered, and accepted, the position of super- vising architect of the United States treasury. BELL, PETER H., jurist, congressman, was born in Virginia. He was governor of Texas from 1849 to 1853; was a repre- sentative in congress from Texas from 1853 to 1857; and subsequently became judge of the supreme court of that state. BELL, ROBERT C, soldier, lawyer, state senator, was born July 13, 1844, in Clarksburg, Ind. He received his educa- tion at the univer- sity of Michigan, and graduated therefrom in 1868. During the civil war he served gallantly as a sol- dier in the Union army, first in the eighth regiment. In- diana volunteer in- fantry, and then in the one hundred and twenty-fourth regi- ment; and he was subsequently assigned to detached duty at Nashville, Tenn., where he remained until the close of the war. After the war he opened a law oflice In Muncie, Ind.; and in 1871 moved to Fort Wayne, where he has attained a reputation as one of the foremost lawyers of Indiana. He has served in many high positions of public trust and responsibility; and in 1874 was elected to the state senate of the Indiana state legislature; received the re-election in 1888, and was chairman of the judiciary committee. BELL, SAMUEL, lawyer, legislator. United States senator, governor, was born Feb. 9, 1770, in Londonderry, N. H. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1793; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1796. He was a member of the legislature from 1804 to 1808. occupying the position of speaker. In 1807 and 1808 he was a mem- ber of the senate; and in 1809 a member of the executive council. From 1816 to 1819 he was judge of the superior court of the state; and in 1819 was chosen gov- ernor, serving until 1823. From 1823 to 1835 he was United States senator. He died Dec. 23, 1850, In Chester, N. H. BELL, SAMUEL DANA, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 9, 1798, in Francestown. N. H. He was a justice of the superior court; in 1855 justice of the supreme court; and from 1859-64 served as chief justice. He died ,Iulv 31, 1868, in Ches- ter, N. H. BELL, SAMUEL NEWELL, lawyer, congressman, was born March 25, 1829, in Chester, N. H. He graduated at Dart- mouth college in 1847; studied law, and practiced at Manchester. He was elected to the forty-second congress; and was subsequently appointed chief justice of the supreme court of New Hampshire. He was also elected to the forty-fourth congress. He died Feb. 8, 1889, in Man- chester, N. H. BELL. THEODORE S., physician, was born in 1807 in Kentucky, He was ap- pointed professor of medicine and hygiene in the university of Louisville, and editor of the Louisville Medical Journal, posi- tions which placed him in the front rank of his profession. .He died Dec. 28, 1884, in Louisville, Ky. BELL, WILLIAM, lawyer, state legis- lator, was born in 1828, in Utica, Ohio. In 1871 he was elected a member of the Ohio house of representatives, receiving the re-election in 1873, and again in 1881. He has been mayor of Newark, Ohio, and filled various other positions of honor BELL, WILLIAM ALLEN, educator, editor, was born Jan. 30, 1833, in Clinton county, Ind. He attended Antloch col- lege, Ohio, while Horace Mann was pres- ident. He became principal of the In- dianapolis High school, president of the Indiana State Teachers' association, and for more than twenty-five years editor and publisher of the Indiana School Jour- nal, and is still doing this work. He is one of the oldest educational editors In the United States. BELL, WILLIAM A., capitalist, was born in 1841 in Ireland. In 1870 he set- tled In Colorado, and was associated with Gen. William J. Palmer in the building of the Denver and Rio Grande railroad, and had a share in the management after- ward, being vice-president for several years. BELLAMY, ALFRED D., physician, manufacturer, was born July 15, 1847, In Watklns, N. Y. For many years he suc- cessfully practiced medicine, but was compelled to change his occupation on account of deafness. In 1882 he estab- lished the Florence Wagon company, one of the first wholesale manufacturers of farm wagons in the southern states, and of which he is still president. BELLAMY, CHARLES JOSEPH, jour- nalist, author, was born in 1852 in Massa- chusetts. He is a journalist of Spring- field, Mass., and the author of The Bre- ton Mills, a Novel; Everybody's Lawyer; The Way Out; and Suggestions for So- cial Reform. BELLAMY. EDWARD, reformer, au- thor, was born March 26, 1850, in Chico- pee Falls, Mass. He is a socialist reform- er whose Utopian theories embodied in the tale Looking Backward, 2000-1887, have been very widely read, and have re- sulted in the formation of several socie- ties and communities that endeavor to put some of them in practice. His other works include Six to One, a Nantucket Idyl; Dr. Heidenhoff's Process, a Novel; and Miss Ludlngton's Sister, a Romance of Immortality. He died in 1898. BELLAMY, MRS. ELIZABETH WHIT- FIELD, author, was born April 17, 1839. in Qulncy, Fla. She is a novelist of Mo- bile, and the author of Four Oaks; Lit- tle Joanna; Penny Lancaster Farmer; Old Man Gilbert; and The Luck of the Pendennings. BELLAMY, JOHN D., lawyer, state leg- islator, author, was born March 24, 1854, in Wilmington, N. C. He graduated from the Davidson college, and from the uni- versity of Virginia. He has been state senator and city attorney; is the author of several books; and a contributor to va- rious newspapers and periodicals. BELLAMY, JOSEPH, clergyman, au- thor, was born in 1719, in Cheshire, Conn. He founded a divinity school in his par- ish, and trained many men there who were afterwards famous among New England ministers. He is the author of True Religion Delineated; The Law Our Schoolmaster; The Half-Way Covenant; and The Nature and Glory of the Gospel. He died March 6. 1790, in Bethlehem. Conn. 102 HERRINGSHAW'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BELLAMY, ORLANDO ROLLIN, edu- cator, poet, was born Aug. 10, 1856, In Vevay, Ind. He attended the DePauw university of Greencastle, and while there wrote an essay in poetry. As a student he won the honors of his class, and re- ceived a gold medal as a prize in mathe- matics. He is the author of a volume of poems entitled Songs by the Wayside. BELLAMY, WILLIAM, author, was born in 1846 in Massachusetts. He is a Boston writer who has published a vol- ume of poems entitled A Century of Cha- rades; and A Second Century of Charades. BELLAS, HENRY HOBART, soldier, author, was born June 30, 1846, in Ebens- burg, Pa. He graduated from the univer- sity of Cambridge. From 1873-80 he was an officer of the United States army, when he was placed on the retired list as captain of cavalry. He is the author of various genealogical and historical publications. BELLINGER, JOSEPH, congressman. He was a presidential elector in 1809; and a representative in congress from South Carolina from 1817 to 1S19. BELLINGHAM, RICHARD, colonial governor, was born in 1592 in England. He settled in Boston, and in 1641 was elected governor; was re-elected in 1654. and again in 1665. He was chief magis- trate of Massachusetts for the remainder of his life, being deputy governor thirteen years and governor ten. He died Dec. 7, 1672. BELLOWS, ALBERT F., painter, was born Nov. 29, 1829, in Milford, Mass. His early works, mostly genre pictures in oil, include The First Pair of Boots; The Sorrows of Boyhood; and The Lost Child. Among his later water-colors are The Notch at Lancaster; Afternoon in Surrey; The Thames at Windsor; The Reaper's Child; and New England Home- stead. He died Nov. 24, 1883, in Auburn- dale, Mass. BELLOWS, BENJAMIN, soldier, legis- lator, was born Oct. 6, 1740. in Walpole, N. H. He was a member of the colonial and afterward of the state legislature; and was appointed a delegate to the con- tinental congress in 1781, but his busi- ness forced him to decline. He was a member of the state convention that rati- fied the federal constitution in 1788. He presided over the New Hampshire elec- toral college that voted for Washington in 1788, and was a member of the one that voted for John Adams in 1796. He was active in the colonial and state militia, rising from the rank of corporal to that of brigadier-general, and served during the revolutionary war as a colonel. He died June, 1802, in Walpole, Mass. BELLOWS, HENRY ADAMS, lawyer, jurist, was born Oct. 25, 1803, in Walpole, Mass. In 1826 he was admitted to the bar, and in 1828 opened an office in Littleton, N. H. He was appointed associate judge of the supreme court in 1859, and after ten years of service in that capacity became chief justice on the death of Judge Per- ley. He died March 11, 1873, in Concord, N. H. BELLOWS, HENRY WHITNEY, cler- gyman, author, was born June 11, 1814, in Boston, Mass. He was a unitarian clergyman of prominence in New York city, well known at one time as the pres- ident of the United States sanitary com- mission. He was the author of Restate- ments of Christian Doctrine; Sermons; Relation of Public Amusements to Public Morality; and The Old World in Its New Face. He died Jan. 30, 1882, in New York city. BELMONT, AUGUST, diplomat, was born in Germany. In 1853 he was ap- pointed by President Pierce charge d'af- faires to The Hague, and afterward be- came minister resident, resigning in 1858. In the latter capacity he negotiated a highly important consular convention, for which and other diplomatic services he received special thanks from Wash- ington. He was a leading delegate to the democratic convention of 1860; and from that year until 1872 was chairman of the national democratic committee, when he resigned. BELMONT, AUGUST, banker, was born Feb. 18, 1853, in New York city. He is now at the head of August Belmont and Co., the American representatives of the Rothschild bank abroad. The family make their country home at Hempstead, on Long Island. BELMONT, PERRY, lawyer, congress- man, was born Dec. 27, 1851, in New York city. He graduated at Harvard college in 1872; and was admitted to the bar in 1876. He was elected a representative from New York to the forty-seventh, forty-eighth, and forty-ninth congresses IS a democrat. BELO, ALFRED H., journalist, was born May 27, 1839, in Salem, N. C. In 1865 he became connected with the Gal- veston News; and in 1885 published the Dallas News, which has achieved a great and rapid success. BELROSE, LOUIS, author, was born in 1845 in Pennsylvania. He was a writer whose only published work of note is Thorns and Flowers, a volume of poems. He died in 1896. BELSER, JAMES E., congressman, was born in South Carolina. He was a representative in congress from Alabama from 1843 to 1845. He died Jan. 6, 1859, in Montgomery. Ala. BELTZHOOVER, FRANK ECKELS, lawyer, congressman, was born Nov. 6, 1841. in Cumberland county. Pa. In 1858 he entered Pennsyl- vania college, at Gettysburg, where he graduated in 1862. He was admitted to the bar in 1864, and has practiced since. In 1868 and 1873 he was chairman of the democratic executive committee of the county; and in 1874 was elected district attorney, and served for three years. In 1878 he was elected to the forty-sixth congress, forty-seventh in 1880, and also to the fifty-second and fifty-third congresses as a democrat. BEMAN, NATHANIEL SYDNEY SMITH, clergyman, was born Nov. 26, 1785, in New Lebanon, N. Y. He became pastor of the presbyterian church in Troy, N. Y., in 1822, and continued as such for upward of forty years. He was actively interested in the temperance, moral re- form, revival, and anti-slavery move- ments of his time. Besides sermons, es- says, and addresses, which have been separately published, he was the author of a volume entitled Four Sermons on the Atonement. He was also one of the com- pilers of the hymn-book adopted by the new-school branch of the presbyterian church. He died Aug. 8, 1871, in Carbon- dale, 111. BEMENT, GEORGE WILLIAM, mer- chant, was born March 4, 1824, in Stock- bridge, Mass. In 1843 he located in Terre Haute, and by more than fifty years of unremitting application and prudent hus- banding of means has accumulated large wealth in the wholesale grocery business. BEMENT, WILLIAM BARNES, manu- facturer, inventor, was born May 10, 1817, In Bradford, N. H. He went to Philadel- phia and devoted himself there to the invention and manu- facture of machine tools and machinery. The Industrial Works, as they were called, grew in time both in size and prestige to equal the best of their class in America, and they are said to stand second only to the Whitworth shops in England. BEMIS, ARTHUR L.. educator, jour- nalist, legislator, was born March 20. 1858, in Elyria, Ohio. For many years he was professor of chemistry, general history, and penmanship in the Ionia schools, Mich. Since 1890 he has been the editor and owner of the Carson City Gazette; and in 1897-98 was a member of the Michigan state legislature. BEMIS, EDWARD WEBSTER, educat- or, author, was born in 1860 in Massa- chusetts. He is a professor of economics in the University of Chicago; and the au- thor of History of Co-operation in the United States; and Municipal Ownership of Gas in the United States. BEMIS, GEORGE PICKERING, jour- nalist, business man, was born March 15, 1838, in Boston, Mass. He is a descend- ant of Timothy Pickering, of revolution- ary fame. In 1861 he enlisted in the sec- ond battalion of Massachusetts light in- fantry, serving about seven months, after which he joined George Francis Train in London, where that gentleman was intro- ducing street railways; and for over twenty years he was his private secretary. He also became general manager and editor of the London American, the only American newspaper in Europe during the civil war. In 1892 he became mayor of Omaha, Neb., and received the re-elec- tion three successive times. During his entire term he defended the interests of the taxpayers, and saved them millions of dollars. BEMISS, SAMUEL MERRIFIELD, phy- sician, surgeon, author, was born Oct. 15, 1821, in Nelson county, Ky. From 1862 till 1865 he was a surgeon in the confed- erate army. After the war he settled In New Orleans, and in 1866 he became pro- fessor of the theory and practice of medi- cine in the university of Louisiana. He is the editor of the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. BENDER, JOHN S., civil engineer, law- yer, was born Jan. 26, 1827, near Carlisle, Pa. He was a miller by trade until 1852; a land surveyor and civil engineer from choice until 1856; and since that time has been engaged in the practice of law. Since 1854 he has taken great interest in politics; was con- tingent elector for Douglas; supported Lincoln during the war of 1861; and in 1878 joined the inde- pendent movement for reform; was elec- tor at large in Indiana for Butler; and he has held many other prominent offices in his county and state for the furtherance of the movement. He is the author ol A Hoosier's Experience in Europe; Money: Its Definition; and other works. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 103 BENDEK, JOSEPH ELMER, educator, physician, nurseryman, was born Sept. 17, 1852, in Westmoreland county, Pa. He received his education at the Oskaloosa college, Iowa; and during 1879-81 attended the Allopathic Medical department at the Iowa State university. He taught school until 1883, and since that time has been secretary of the Independent School district of Oakland, Iowa. He abandoned the practice of medicine in 1892, since which time he has been engaged in fruit growing. BENDER, PROSPER, physician, au- thor, was born in 1844 in Quebec, Canada. He is a Canadian physician, and since 1883 has practiced his profession in Bos- ton. He is the author of Old and New Canada; Literary Sheaves, or La Littera- ture au Canada-Francais. BENDIRE, CHARLES E., soldier, edu- cator, author, was born in 1836 in Georgia. He was an ornithologist of note; honora- ry curator of the department of oology in the United States National museum; and a captain and brevet major in the United States army. He was the author of Life Histories of North American Birds. He died in 1897. BENDIX, JOHN E., soldier, business man, was born Aug. 28, 1818. He partic- ipated in the battles of Antietam, Fred- ericksburg, and the Wilderness, besides the engagements of the intervening cam- paigns. He was promoted brigadier-gen- eral in 1865. He died Oct. 8, 1877, in New York city, N. Y. BENECKE, LOUIS, lawyer, legislator, was born May 1, 1843, in Brunswick, Ger- many. He received his education in the common schools in Blankenburg college, Gprmany, and in the liigh schools of Brunswick, Mo. He served during the civil war in the forty-ninth regiment of the Missouri vol- unteers, and was captain of company I. For fourteen years he was mayor of his adopted city „i x^xu^.....^... ...-., for twenty-two years president of the board of education of that city: and a director of the First Na- tional bank of Brunswick. For four years he served as a member of the Mis- souri state senate. He stands high in fraternal societies; is grand dictator of the Knights of Honor; judge-advocate, junior, senior, and department command- er of the G. A. R. of Missouri. BENEDICT, ASA G., educator, was born Aug. 11, 1848, in Lysander. N. Y. He was principal of the Free academy of Rome, N. Y. ; and was for three years president of the Y. M. C. A. In 1880 he came to Clinton, N. Y., as principal of the Houghton seminary, which he has since managed with ability and success. BENEDICT, CHARLES B., lawyer, congressman, was born Feb. 7, 1828, in Attica, N. Y. He received an academic education; studied law; was admitted to practice in 1856; engaged in the banking business at Attica in 1860, and continued therein. He was a member of the demo- cratic state committee in 1875; a presi- dential elector in 1876; and was elected a representative from New York to the forty-fifth congress. BENEDICT, CHARLES L., lawyer, jurist. He practiced the profession of the law in Brooklyn: was a representative in the New York legislature in 1863; in 1865 was appointed United States district of Brunswick. Mo. judge for the eastern district of New York; and in 1881 was tendered the ap- pointment of associate justice of the court of appeals of New York state. BENEDICT, DAVID, clergyman, au- thor, was born Oct. 10, 1779, in Norwalk, Conn. He was a baptist clergyman of Pawtucket; and the author of History of the Baptists; History of All Religions; Fifty Years Among the Baptists; Com- pendium of Ecclesiastical History; and History of the Donatists. He died Dec. 5, 1874, in Pawtucket, R. I. BENEDICT, ERASTUS CORNELIUS, jurist, author, was born March 19, 1800, in Branford, Conn. He was a jurist of New York city; and the author of The American Admiralty, Its Jurisdiction and Practice. He died Oct. 22, 1880, in New York city. BENEDICT, FRANK LEE. author, poet, was born in 1834 in New York city. She is the author of Miss Van Kortland; My Daughter Elinor; The Price She Paid; John Worthington's Name; Miss Doro- thy's Charge; St. Simon's Niece; 'Twixt Hammer and Anvil; Her Friend Lau- rence; A Late Remorse; Madame; and The Shadow-Worshipper and Other Poems. BENEDICT, GEORGE GRENVILLE, journalist, state senator, was born Dec. 10, 1826, in Burlington, Vt. He attended the academy at Burlington; and grad- uated from the university of Vermont in 1847 During the civil war he was lieu- tenant in the twelfth regiment, Vermont volunteers; and aid-de-camp on the staff of the second Vermont brigade. He has been president of the Vermont and Bos- ton Telegraph company; a member of the Vermont state senate; secretary of the university of Vermont; president or the State Historical society; president of the Vermont Press association; and pres- ident of the Vermont society of Sons of the American Revolution. He has been the state military historian; collector of customs for Vermont; and for forty years editor of the Burlington Free Press. BENEDICT, GEORGE WYLLYS, edu- cator journalist, was born Jan. 11, 179b, in North Stamford, Conn. He was pro- fessor at the university of Vermont from 1825 till 1847. He became associated with Ezra Cornell in the construction of the Troy and Canada junction telegraph line becoming the first superintendent of that company. He subsequently engaged in- dependently in telegraph building, and contracted for the erection of several lines He purchased the Burlington Free Press in 1853, and remained its editor and publisher until 1866. During 18»4 and 1855 he was a member of the Vermont senate, serving as chairman of the com- mittee on education. He died Sept. ^S, 1871, in Burlington, Vt. BENEDICT, HENRY HARPER, manu- facturer, was born in 1801. In 1882, hav- ing been admitted to membership in the firm of Wyckoff, Seamans and Bene- dict, he removed to New York city to engage in the sale of Remington type- writers. In 1886 the firm purchased the entire typewriter plant of the Rem- ingtons, including all rights and fran- chises, and have since conducted the manufacture as well as the sale of the machine, attaining a remarkable success. BENEDICT, KIRBY, jurist, was born in Connecticut. In 1853 he was appoint- ed an associate justice of the United States court for the territory of New Mexico. BENEDICT, LE GRAND, soldier, was born April 10, 1802, in Troy, N. Y. He enlisted in the second New York volun- teers, and in 1826 was made assistant ad- jutant-general of the United States vol- unteers, with the rank of captain, by appointment of President Lincoln. BENEDICT, LEWIS, soldier, lawyer, was born Sept. 2, 1817, in Albany, N. Y. In 1S45-46 he was city attorney at Albany; in 1847 judge advocate; and from 1848 until 1852 surrogate of Albany. In 1860 he was elected a member of the state as- sembly, but entered the military service for the civil war. He died April 9, 1864, in Pleasant Hill. La. BENEFIELD, ROBERT K. W., journal- ist, planter, was born Dec. 28, 1835, in Louisville, Ky. He attended the Ayers university, of Albany, Ind.; and was a graduate of the American Health college of Cincinnati, Ohio. He served as a pri- vate soldier in the confederate army. He is the editor and owner of the Southland and Gazette, of Maurepas, La. He has been a justice of the peace, a memoer of the school board, and has held various other public offices in his county and state. BENEZET, ANTHONY, philanthropist, author, was born Jan. 31, 1713, in France. He was a Quaker philanthropist of Phil- adelphia, whose tracts on slavery first aroused the attention of Clarkson and Wnoerforce to the subject. He died May 3. 1784, in Philadelphia, Pa. BENHAM, ALEXANDER K. K., naval officer was born In 1832 in New York. He entered the United States navy dur- ing the civil war; was raised to the rank of commander in 1867; became captain in 1878- commodore in 1889; and acting rear-admiral in 1890. In 1891 he was made commander of the East Indian squadron. He retired in 1894. BENHAM, DE WITT MILES, clergy- man, was born Sept. 8, 1862, in Marysville, Cal In 1889 he received a call to the Presbyterian church of Pittsburg, Pa., but resigned this charge in 1893 and be- gan new work in the east end of the city The result was the organization of the Tabernacle Presbyterian church In 1894. BENHAM, HENRY W., engineer, In- ventor, was born in 1817, in Connecticut. He invented the picket shovel used by troops in the field, and was an expert in pontoon bridges, in the management of which he devised important improve- ments. He died June 1, 1884, in New York city. BENHAM, ROBERT T., soldier, jurist, was born about 1745 in Virginia. He served in the civil war and attained the rank of captain. At the close of the war he settled in Campbell county, Ky., where in 1794 he was one of the first judges of the county court. BENJAMIN, ALBERT ELLIS, journal- ist, was born Oct. 7, 1872, near Barry, 111. He is the editor and owner of the Che- halis County Tribune of Hoquiam, Wash.; and has contributed extensively to peri- odical literature. BENJAMIN, DOWLING, physician, au- thor, was born Jan. 23, 1849. in Baltimore, Md In 1877 he began the practice of medicine in Camden, N. J., where he has built up a general practice. He is the author of Contagion, Typhoid in Water; and Treatment of Fractures. 104 HKRRINGSHAW'S ENCYCI.OPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. BENJAMIN, JOHN FORBES, soldier, lawyer, congressman, was born Jan. 23, 1817. in Cicero, N. Y. He was a member of the state legislature ot Missouri in 1850 and 1852; was presidential elector in 1856; and enlisted in the union cav- alry service as a private in 1S61, and was subsequently captain, major, lieutenant- colonel, and brigadier-general. He was provost marshal of the eighth district of Missouri in 1S63 and 1864; was dele- gate at large from Missouri to the Balti- more convention in 1864; and was elect- ed to the thirty-ninth, fortieth, and forty- first congresses. He died March 8, 1877, in Washington, D. C. BENJAMIN, JUDAH PHILIP, lawyer, author, was born Aug. 11, 1811, in St. Croix, W. I. He was a prominent New Orleans lawyer who became attorney- general of the confederacy during the civil war. At its close he went to Eng- land, and speedily became eminent in his profession there. His Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property is the standard work on the subject. He died May 8, 1884. in Paris, France. BENJAMIN. MARCUS, editor, author, was born Jan. 17, 1857, in San Francisco. Cal. In 1867 he moved with his parents to New York city, and in 1878 graduated in the chemical course of the school ot mines of Columbia college. In 1882 he became editor of the American Pharma- cist, and subsequently was on the editori- al staff on the Engineering and Mining Journal. He has been on the editorial staff of Appleton's Cyclopedia of Ameri- can Biography; Appleton's Annual Cy- clopedia; Johnson's Universal Cyclo- pedia; Standard Dictionary; and various other works. He is now connected with the United States national museum of Washington, D. C. BENJAMIN, NATHAN, missionary, re- former, was born Dec. 14, 1811. in Catskill. N. Y. In 1835 he was appointed as mis- sionary to Greece and Turkey by the American board, and went to Argos in 1836. He translated numerous works into Greek and Armenian, including Pilgrim's Progress and D'Aubigny's Reformation, and also established the first newspaper ever published in the Armenian tongue. The Morning Star, which is still issued He died Jan. 27, 1855, in Constantinople, Turkey. BENJAMIN, PARK, journalist, poet, was born Aug. 13. 1809, in British Guinea. He was a journalist and poet of New York city. The Old Sex- ton is the best re- membered example. His poems were chiefly lyrical, and attracted world wide attention; appeared in the leading news- papers and maga- zines of America; and subsequently were published in book form. His son. Park Benjamin, is a noted lawyer of New York city; and the author of a number of meritorious works. He died Sept. 12, 1864, in New York city. BENJAMIN, PARK, lawyer, author, was born May 11, 1849, in New York city. He is a New Y'ork lawyer wnose specialty is patent law; and is the author of Shak- ings: Etchings for the Naval Academy; Wrinkles and Receipts: Suggestions for the Mechanic, Engineer, etc.; The Age Of Electricity; The Intellectual Rise in Electricity; and a History. BENJAMIN, SAMUEL GREEN WHEELER, diplomatist, author, was born Feb. 13, 1837, in Argos, Greece. He is a contributor to the field of general literature; and at one period minister to Persia. He is the author of Art in .Amer- ica; Contemporary Art in Europe; i ue Atlantic Islands; Troy: its Legend, Liter- ature, and Topography; A Group of Etch- ers; Persia and the Persians; The Story of Persia; The Cruise of the Alice .May in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; and Sea Spray, or Facts and Fancies of a Yachts- man. BENJAMIN, SAMUEL NICOLL. sol- dier, educator, was born Jan. 13, 1839, in New Y'ork city. He was brevetted lieuten- ant-colonel in 1SG5, and major in 1875. On recovery from his wounds he became assistant professor of mathematics at the United States military academy. Col. Benjamin was one of the very few officers that held the congressional medal for con- spicuous bravery in the field. He died May 15, 1886, on Governor's Island, N. Y. BENJAMIN, WALTER ROMEYN, anti- quarian, journalist, was born Sept. 24, 1854, in Guilford, Conn. In 1874 he gradu- ated from the Union college; then studied law three years; and for eleven years was connected with the New York Sun. He originated the special business of dealing in authograph letters and histori- cal documents; and rescued from oblivion many valuable historical papers. In 1887 lie established The Collector, which he still edits, and in 1897 he was historian of the Sons of the American Revolution. BENNER, GEORGE JACOB, educator, lawyer, congressman, was born April 13. 1859, in Gettysburg, Pa. He was educated at Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, graduating in tlie class of 1878. After several years devoted to teaching he was admitted a member of the Adams county bar Dec. 31, 1881, since which date he has followed the practice of the law. He was elected to the fifty-fifth congress as a democrat. BENNER. PHILIP, soldier, iron manu- facturer, journalist, was born May 19, 1762, in Chester county. Pa. He served in the revolutionary war. In 1794 he erect- ed a forge, the first in that vicinity, and manufactured iron during the year. The development of the iron industry in the western part of Pennsylvania is largely due to his enterprise. He was twice a presidential elector, notably on the Jack- son-Calhoun ticket of 1824. In 1827 he established the Centre Democrat at Belle- fonte, in the interest of Gen. Jackson. He was major-general of the Pennsylvania militia, and left a valuable estate. He died July 27, 1832, in Centre county. Pa. BENNET. BENJAMIN, clergyman, con- gressman, was born in 1762. He was a baptist minister; and a representative in congress from New Jersey from 1815 to jS19. He died Oct. 8, 1840, in Middletown, N. J. BENNET, ORLANDO, wrecker, was born Oct. 4, 1818, in Ithaca, N. Y. During the civil war he was employed by the United States government to clear the harbors of Charleston and Savannah from monitors, torpedoes, and other obstruc- tions. By this means a, sea-way was opened to supply Gen. William T. Sher- man's army after its march to the sea. He died July 10, 1880, in Bellport, N. Y. BENNET, THOMAS, governor, was born in South Carolina. He was governor of that state from 1820 to 1822. BENNETT, MRS. ADEIJNE G., poet, was born Nov. 8, 1848. in Warner, N. H. She is a writer of Pipestone City, Minn. BENNETT, ALFRED SILAS, lawyer, legislator, jurist, was born June 10, 1854, in Dubuque, Iowa. He was school super- intendent for Waco county, Oregon; in 1882 was elected a member of the Oregon state legislature; and was circuit judge in 1882-84. In 1892 he was a democratic candidate for supreme judge of Oregon, and a candidate for congi-ess in 1896 from the second district. BENNETT, CALEB P., soldier, govern- or. He was a major in the Delaware regiment of the revolutionary army, and was engaged at the battles ot Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He was governor of Delaware from 1833 until his death. He died May 7, 1836, in Wil- mington, Del. BENNETT, CASSIUS C, banker, state senator, was born Feb. 4, 1856, in Wash- ington county, Vt. In 1879 he engaged in business in Portland, Ore.; and in 1883 settled in Pierre, S. D. He was elected president of the Pierre savings bank in 1S87; and in 1888 was also made presi- dent of the First National bank of that city. During 1894-96 he served with dis- tinction as a member of the South Dakota slate senate. BENNETT, CHARLES GOODWIN, law- yer, congressman, was born Dec. 11. 1863, in Brooklyn. N. Y. He is a member of the law firm of Daniels & Bennett, of New York city; was the unsuccessful repub- lican candidate for member of the fifty- third congress; and was elected to the fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth congresses as a republican. BENNETT, CHARLES WESLEY', cler- gyman, author, was born July 18, 1828, in East Bethany, N. Y. He was a methodist clergyman prominent in educational mat- ters; and was the author of National Education in Italy, France, Germany, England, and Wales, Popularly Consid- ered; and Christian Art and Archaeology of the First Six Centuries. He died in 1S91. BENNETT, DAVID S., congressman, v/as elected a representative from New York to the forty-first congress. BENNETT, DE ROBIQUE MORTIMER, author, was born Dec. 23, 1818, in Spring- field, N. Y. He was a noted freethinker who was several times arrested and im- prisoned on account of his extreme views. He was the author of the World's Reform- ers; Champions of the Church; From Be- hind the Bars; An Infidel Abroad; and A Truth Seeker Around the World. He died Dec. 6, 1882, in New York city. BENNETT, EDMUND HATCH, lawyer, jurist, author, was born in 1824 in Ver- mont. He is a New England jurist, and d«an of the Boston university law school. He is the author of English Law and Equity Reports; Fire Insurance Cases; and Leading Cases in Criminal Law. He has also edited many legal works of im- portance. BENNETT, EMERSON, author, was born March 16, 1822, in Monson, Mass. He is a Philadelphia writer of sensational ro- mances, which have been very popular. He is the author of Prairie Flower, Leni Leoti, which are perhaps che most noted of his fifty or more novels. BENNETT, FRED A., state bank ex- aminer, was born March 1, 1869, in Wor- cester county, Mass. He graduated from the state university of Iowa, and now holds the high office of state bank ex- aminer of Iowa. He is prominent in fra- ternal orders, and resides in Manning, Iowa. HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN BIOGKAPHT. 105 BENNETT, GRANVILLE G., soldier, lawyer, jurist, stale senator, congress- man, was born Oct. 9, 1833, in Butler coun- ty, Oliio. He entered upon the practice of law in 1S59; and served throughout the war of the rebellion as a commissioned officer in the union army. He was elect- ed a representative in the Iowa legislature in lSe5 for two years, and to the state senate in 1867 for four years. In 1875 he was appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of the territory of Dakota; resigned in 1878 and was elected a dele- gate from the territory of Dakota to the forty-sixth congress as a republican. BENNETT, H. S., lawyer, jurist, con- gressman, was born March 7, 1807, in Williamson county, Tenn. He began to practice law in 1830, when he removed to Mississippi, where he held the office of circuit judge for eight years. He was a representative from Mississippi to the thirty-fourth congress. BENNETT, HENRY, lawyer, congress- man, was born Sept. 29, 1808, in New Lis- bon, N. Y. Ho was elected to congress as a representative from New York state in 1848, and served continuously for ten years. BENNETT, HENRY W., clergyman, was born April 4, 1835, in Constableville, N. Y. In 1862 he graduated from the Wesleyan university and received the highest prize in the senior class for liter- ary work. He has filled the chair of Latin in several large institutions; has traveled extensively in Europe, Egypt and Palestine; and has filled pastorates in the methodist episcopal church in the north- ern New York conference, of which con- ference he was presiding elder for ten years. BENNETT, HIRAM P., jurist, legisla- tor, congressman, was born Sept. 2, 1826, in Carthage, Maine. In 1852 he was elect- ed to a judgeship in western Iowa. He re- moved to Nebraska territory in 1854, and was at once elected a member of the ter- ritorial council; in 1853 was re-elected to the Nebraska legislature, and made speak- er of the house. He removed to Colorado territory in 1859, and was chosen a dele- gate therefrom to the thirty-seventh con- gress; and in 1862 was re-elected to the thirty-eighth congress. In "1867 he was appointed secretary of the territory of Colorado. BENNETT, JAMES GORDON, journalist, was born Sept. 1, 1795, in Scotland. He emigrated to the United States in 1819, and in 1835 founded the New York Her- ald, the first newspaper that published a daily money article and stock lists. He was its editor and proprietor for nearly forty years. He died June, 1, 1872, in New York city. BENNETT, JAMES GORDON, journal- ist, was horn May 10, 1841, in New York city. He became the proprietor of The New York Herald upon the death of his lather. He added to the fame of his paper by publishing in England storm-warnings transmitted from the United States; by fitting out the Jeanette polar expedition; by sending Henry M. Stanley in search of Livingstone: and by other similar enter- prises In 1883 he associated himself with John W. Mackay in forming the commer- cial cable company and laying a new cable between America and Europe, to compete with the combined English and French lines. BENNETT. JOSEPH, lawyer, state senator, was born May, 1839, in Sweden. He studied law. and has pursued the pro- fession in Boston. He has been on the school board in Brighton and Boston; has been a trial justice in Middlesex county, and special justice in Brighton district municipal court. In 1879 he was in the Massachusetts house of representatives, and the next year in the state senate. BENNETT, MILO LYMAN, law^yer, jurist, author, was born in 1790 in Sharon, Conn. He practiced law in Burlington, Vt., and was judge of the supreme court in 1839-59. He was author of Vermont justice, and other legal text-books. BENNETT, RICH.A.RD, lawyer, leglsla- torf, jurist, was born Dec. 4, 1851, in On- tario, Canada. For three years he was probate judge of Grand Forks county, N. D.; alderman of Grand Forks city for six years; and a member of the constitu- tional convention of North Dakota. He now practices law in Neihart, Mont., where he is also engaged in several busi- ness enterprises. BENNETT, RISDBN T., was born June 18, 1S40, in Anson county, N. C, He en- tered the confederate army as a private April 30, 1861, and rose through the sev- eral grades to the colonelcy of the four- teenth North Carolina troops. He was solicitor of Anson county in 1866-67; was a member of the legislature of North Carolina in 1872, and delegate to the con- stitutional convention of the state in 1875. He was judge of the superior court in 1880, and resigned to accept the nomina- tion for congress as congressman at large from North Carolina; and was elected to the forty-eighth and forty-ninth con- gresses. BENNETT, SAMUEL FILLMORE, soldier, physician, author. For many vears he practiced medicine in Richmond, Wis. He served through the civil war in the fortieth regiment Wisconsin vol- unteer infantry; and during his service compiled several popular pieces, which were sung with great enthusiasm by the boys in blue. He is the author of the popular song entitled In the Sweet By and By. BENNETT, THOMAS W., soldier, state senator, congressman, was born Feb. 16, 1831, in Union county, Ind. He graduated at the Asburv university law school in 1854: was elected to the Indiana senate in 1858; entered the union army in 1861 as a captain; served through the war, and became a brigadier-general of volunteers. He was re-elected to the Indiana senate in 1864, serving four years; and was elect- ed mavor of Richmond, Ind., in 1S69. serv- ing two vears. He was appointed govern- or of Idaho in 1871. serving until Decem- ber. 1875, when he resigned to take his scat as a delegate from Idaho to the forty- fourth congress. BENNETT, WILLIAM ZEBINA, chem- ist, author, was born Feb. 25. 1856, in Montpelier", Vt. In 1880 he became assist- ant professor of chemistry, and in 1883 succeeded to the chair of natural sciences in the university of Wooster. Besides numerous contributions to scientific periodicals, he has published A Plant Analysis. BENNION, EM.MA. poet, was born on March 13. 1859, in Sheldon. N. Y. She is a writer of Stiykersville. N. Y.; and the author of a number of meritorious poems. BENSCHOTEN. HARVEY LEE VAN, lawyer, was born .Ian. 27, 1863. in Sebewa, Mich. He received his education in the schools of Indiana, Michigan agricultural college and the university of Michigan. He is an able lawyer of Seeding. Mich., where he is city attorney, and prominent in the public affairs of his county and slate. BENSEL, JAMES BERRY, author, poet, was born Aug. 2, 1856, in New York city. He was the author of In the King's Gar- den, and Other Poems; and King Cophe- tua's Wife, a novel. He died Feb. 3, 1886, in New York city. BENSON, EGBERT, lawyer, jurist, con- giessman, was born June 21, 1746, in New "i ork city. He was attorney-general of New York from 1780 to 1789; a delegate to the continental congress from 1784 to 1788; and a representative in congress, from New York, from 1789 to 1793. He was a judge of the state supreme court from 1794 to 1801. He was again elected to congress in 1813. He died Aug. 24, 1833, in Jamaica, N. Y. BENSON, EUGENE, artist, author, was born in 1837 in Hyde Park, N. Y. He es- tablished his studio in Florence in 18(1, and removed to Rome in 1883. Among the better known of his pictures are Cloud Towers; Strayed Maskers; Ba- zaar at Cairo; Study of Girl in Blue; Art and Love; Afternoon on the Lagoon; and Ariadne. Mr. Benson has been a frequent contributor to periodicals, and has pub- lished two books entitled Gaspara Stam- pa; the Story of Her Life, and Art and Nature in Italy. BENSON, HENRY C, clergyman au- thor was born in 1815 near Xenia, Ohio. He was editor of the Pacific Christian Ad- vocate at Portland, Ore., from 1864 to 18b8, in which year he became editor of the California Advocate. For several years he labored among the Choctaw Indians as a missionary, and he has related his ex- periences in a hook called Life Among the Choctaws. BENSON, SAMUEL PAGE, lawyer legislator congressman, was born in l»04 in wtnthrop, Maine. In 1825 he gradu- in wm V, ^^^^ j^^^ Bowdoin college; and acquir- ed prominence as one of the leading lawyers of New England. He was elected a member of the Maine state legislature; served in the state senate; and for several years was secretary of the state of Maine. He served „^^^ „_ , in the thirty-third con- gress, and received the re-election to the thirty-fourth, and served as chairman of the committee on naval affairs. BENT, SILAS, jurist, was born in Massachusetts. In 1813 he was appointed United States judge for the territory of Missouri. His name was given to a well- known frontier post and military fort. BENTEEN, FREDERICK WILLIAM, army officer, was born Aug. 24, 1834, in Petersburg, Va. He served with distinc- tion in the civil war during 1861-65; and was colonel of the United States volun- teers. He has been brigadier general of the Missouri militia; :ind was bre vetted ; igadier-general of ii.' United States army. He now re- sides in Atlanta, Ga.; where he takes an active part in the business and public affairs of that city. His services in the army have made him very popular throughout the T^n'ted States. with distiiu liun 106 HERRINGSHAWS ENCYCLOPI-;DI A OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. the bar. BENTLEY, CHARLES EUGENE, cler- gyman, prohibitionist, was born April 30, 1841, near Syracuse, N. Y. This eminent baptist clergyman of Lincoln. Neb., has been chairman of the prohibition stale committee of Nebraska, and had ofBcial •charge of the great amendment campaign